CM 670 M0m A PRELIMINARY CATALOG OF THE N OLYJ^ IAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATl HISTORY. 1 ^ I- K- PARTS I.-II. Kahilis, Feather Ornaments, Mats and Kapas. Household Implements, Tools, Amusernents, War, Worship, Ornannents, Medicine, Fish-%. eries and Canoes, Relics of Chiefs. HONOLULU HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. .1892. # rr-^^ hl'i^ ' i^i y ~ 'Ml A PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE i OF THE %yv^^lvJM. OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATIT^L • HISTORY. PART I. Kahilis, Feather Ornaments, Mats and Kapas. HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 1892. G/V > K ^ ^ ^ \o-X3-31 TRUSTEES. Hon. Charles R. Bishop, President. Rev. C. M. Hyde, D.D., Vice-President. Hon. Samuel M. Damon, Treasurer. Charles M. Cooke, Secretary. Hon. Joseph O. Carter. The Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum is at present open free to the public on Fridays, from 9 a.m. until 12 m., and on Saturdays, from 2 until 5 p.m. Wm. T. Brigham, A.m., Curator. ^^ ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS CATALOGUE. QE. Queen Emma Collection. JSE. Joseph S. Emerson Collection C. Eric Craig Collection. MR. Main Room of the Museum. KR. Kahili Room of the Museum. PG. Picture Gallery. EH. Entrance Hall. D. Not on exhibition for want of space, or for other reasons. HGt Hawaiian Government Museum, THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF POLY- NESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY Was founded in 1889 by Charles R. Bishop in memory of his wife, whose honored name it bears. The Museum is built of grey basalt, quarried in the neighborhood, and the interior finish is mainly in koa wood from Maui : it is essentially fireproof. It occupies a cen- tral position on the grounds of the Kamehameha Schools founded by Mrs. Bishop at Kapalama, a western suburb of Honolulu. The nucleus of the collection within its walls was the store of kapas, mats, calabashes, kahilis, and other ornaments and relics be- longing to Mrs. Bishop, and bequeathed to her as the last of the Kamehamehas. To this was added by bequest the treasures of Queen Emma ; and by purchase the extensive collections of Mr. Joseph S. Emerson of the Government Survey ; the stone imple- ments of Mr. George H. Dole, late of Kauai ; a very valuable collec- tion made in New Guinea ; and last, although perhaps most import- ant in variety and value, a collection made by Mr. Eric Craig of Auckland, N. Z. The Hawaiian Government has deposited in this Museum the collection formerly known as* the Government Museum. Many other articles have been given to the Museum by friends ; all these sources are mentioned in the pages of this catalogue. Although so recently established, this Museum may already claim the first rank in certain departments, as kahilis, cala- bashes, kapas, mats, and Polynesian stone implements. It is hoped that eventually (when sufficient room can be provided) not only the Ethnology of Polynesia will be fully represented, but the Natural History as well, by authentically named specimens, so that the means may be provided for a study of the natural productions of 8 a large part of the Pacific Ocean and its Islands. At present the energies of the Museum are concentrated in securing a complete series of Hawaiian Natural History, Products, and Antiquities. It has been thought desirable to issue the catalogue at the pres- ent time, although the collections are not yet fully classified and arranged, and are far from complete, that it may serve as a basis for future corrections and additions. CATALOGUE. Kahilis. — The use of feathers, whether for personal ornament or general decorative purposes, was very general among nations and tribes we are pleased to call uncivilized. Pizarro and the Conquist- adores of Peru were astonished at the beauty of the feather cano- pies and plumes of the Inca Court. The Indians of North America, possessing less brilliant birds, yet made good use of the turkey, crow and eagle in their gorgeous war-dress, and the ancient sculptures of Central America have preserved to us through the centuries the form of feather canopies, plumes and even kahilis. In India and the East Indies the splendid fans and screens of peacock, pheasant and parrot feathers have long been celebrated by travelers. The Assyrian royal feather plumes were used much like the Hawaiian. In Papua or New Guinea the feathers of the Bird of Paradise and the cassowary are generally used for head ornaments, and the native Australian uses in a similar way the feathers of the Emu, Lyre-bird and others. Coming nearer in our own province we find the curious masks of Tahiti made of varied feathers, but no longer to be procured ; the Samoan and Tongan feather currency and necklaces, and most im- portant of all the Maori feather cloaks made of Hihi (Pogonornis cincta). Fly-flaps of feathers were common all through the Pacific, and in this Museum are several made of Emu feathers. Nowhere in the world, however, has the use of feather ornament attained the refined magnificence seen in the Hawaiian Islands. I^ is not that the Hawaiian birds are more brightly plumed, for the Birds of Paradise, the Trogons and Humming-birds are far more 10 brUliant, and the avifauna of these Islands is limited and by no means remarkable for bright coloring. The feathers used by the ancient Hawaiians were : Mamo {Drepanis pacifica). Yellow and black. Oo {Acrulocercus nobilis), Yellow and black. liwi {Vestiaria coccinia), Scarlet. Apapane (Himatione sangiiinea), Crimson. Amakihi (Drepanis flava)^ Yellow. Ou (Psittirostra psittacea), Green. Koae [Phaeton rubricauda)^ Red. In modern times peacock, parrot, mina, duck and barn-yard fowl have all contributed. Bird feathers on these Islands exceeded in value any other kind of property. Once a year the commoners paid a tax in feathers to the year-god [Akua makahiki\ and feathers were also given as presents \Palala'\ to chiefs. The feathers were attach- ed to slender fibres, as shown in Nos. 139, 140, Case 8, KR. Feather hunting was a special vocation, and as most of the birds whose feathers were in demand are found inland and often high up in the mountains, much labor and patience was spent in catching them. Sometimes a net (No. 138, Case 8, KR.), or snare was used, but more frequently a bird-lime composed of the gum of the bread- fruit, or the viscid milk of the arboreal lobeliads, was smeared on the branches of trees the birds frequented; and it is said that the hunters sometimes transplanted strange trees to the midst of the forest to excite the birds' curiosity. To obtain the pair of tail feathers of the koae the hunters climbed the steep palis where these birds nest, and plucked the long feathers (see Nos. 18, 20, 23) while the bird was on the nest. Kapus protected the birds to some extent, but the customs of the bird-hunters were a more complete protection, for although the oo was especially good eating, it was generally spared to jenew at th« next moulting the small axillary tufts of yellow feathers which were plucked, when those of less value about the tail were left untouched. It need hardly be mentioned that the often repeated statement that there are but two feathers to each bird is a popular delusion : the specimens in the collection of this Museum show plainly the mistake. The arrangement of feathers on necklaces [na lei], on kahilis^ on the capes and cloaks [ahuida, or when wholly of mamo, alaneo)^ on helmets \na mahiole\ or on the wicker gods (as Kukailimoku, No. 11 3900, Case 17, MR.), was the principal occupation of no*bIe womftn. Feathers of the leis were strung on a fibre of the olona [Touchardia lattfolia\ and the cloaks were made of a net of this same olona (Nos. 2840, 2841, Case 8, KR.) to which the feathers were sewn, as they were to the helmets and gods. In the large kahilis the feathers were bound to stems of various substances, frequently the mid-rib of a palm leaf, and clusters of these were bound to the main stem or handle. When not in actual use all feather ornaments were packed in calabashes or other suitable containers, and the great kahilis wtre dismounted and packed away with tobacco leaves. Kahili, meanmg a plaited or twisted thing, seems to have been originally a fly-flap, and to have later attained the enormous size af- fected by the kings and high chiefs, The largest hulumanu in this Museum is 4 feet high and 2^ feet in diameter, while the sticks are often 15 to 18 feet long.* These sticks were sometimes made of a kauila spear [pololu kauila], as in Nos. 2, 4, 11, or of disks of tor- toise-shell strung on a central rod and sometimes alternating with whales' ivory or human bone. Two of this second kind of stick, commrenced by the high chief Paki, but never finished, may be seen in Case 8, KR. In more modern times ash handles, and those of inlaid native woods turned and polished, have been generally used. For- merly the base of the hulumanu was m.ide of close feathers, and the silks and ribbons are of course quite modern, but in general use. In the present series the oldest dates from the reign of Kamehameha I.; others have been used in all the royal funerals since his time. 1 Kahili. — Hulumanu oo feathers; black and white trimmings; ash pole; Mrs. Bishop. Case 1, KR. 2 " Blue peacock feathers; orange trimmings; Kauila spear pole; Queen Emma. Noel. . . . heinoa noia nokaMoi wahine Ema a ua hea ia i keia Kahili. Case I, KR. 8 *' Peacock feathers, short and flat; koa pole; pink and or- ange trimmings ; Ht R, H. Ruta Keelikolani. Case 1, KR. 4 " Green peacock feathers; orange trimmings; kauila spear. Kamakamao he inoa no keia no ka Moiwahine Ema, a ua hea ia i keia kahili. QE. Case 1, KR. * The Rev. C. S. Stewart saw in the early days of Kamehameha II. kahilis with poles near thirty feet high, the hulumanu forming cylinders fifteen or eighteen inches in diameter, and twelve or fourteen feet lon^^. 12 5 Kahili.— Oo feathers; purple and lavender trimming; koa pole; Mrs. Bishop. Case 1, KR. 6 ** Black and white feathers; purple and white trimmings. Queen Emma. Laielohelohe he inoa no kona ku- punawahine a ua hea ia no keia kahili. Case 1, KR. 7 ** Duck feathers dyed red; hulumanu globular; blue, white and cherry trimmings; painted pole; Queen Emma. Case 2, KR. 8 " Grey and white feathers in globular form; cherry and brown trimmings; painted pole; Queen Emma. Ka- lelehoano, he inoa no ia no ka Moiwahine Ema, o keia na kahili opuu i ukali i ko ka Moiwahine hoo- lewaia ana. Case 3, KR. 9 ** Grey and white feathers with red feather base; cherry and white trimmings; metal pole; given by the half- castes to the Prince of Hawaii. Case 6, KR. 10 ** Grey loose feathers with tropic bird tail feathers; cher- ry and lavender trimmings. Kamakaalaneo, he inoa no keia no ka Moiwahine Ema, a ua hea ia rna keia inoa keia mau kahili. Case 6, KR. 11 " Peacock feathers, blue and orange trimmings; kauila spear; Queen Emma. Case 6, KR. 12 *' Ostrich feathers; purple and orange trimmings; Queen Emma. Kaleoaloha, he makana wale ia mai ka hu- lu; he inoa keia mawaena o ke alii a me kona haku kahili. Case 6, KR. 13 ** BlacK feathers; light blue and pink trimmings; Mrs. Bishop. Case 6, KR. 14 " Oo feathers; buff and black trimmings. Kumaka, he inoa ia o kona kupunawahine oia ka makuahine o Kamalalawalu moi o Maui; he hulu eleele o ka Oo kona hulu. Case 7, KR. 1 6 ** White duck feathers; pale blue trimmings; stem wound spirally with blue and white; made by Her Majesty Liliuokalani for Mrs. Bishop's funeral. Case 7, KR. 16 ** Large feathers dyed red; orange and cherry trimmings. Leleoili, he inoa keia no Kekelaokalani ko ka Moi- wahine makuahine; he elua laua nei ma keia inoa; heavy kauila pole. Case 7, KR. 13 1 7 Kahili.— Iwa feathers from the Guano Islands; cherry and or- ange trimmings; H. R. H. Keelikolani. Case 7, KR. 18 " Tropic bird feathers; cherry and white trimmings; pole native woods; Mrs. Bishop. Case 7, KR. 19 *< Yellow 00 feathers; blue and yellow trimmings; tor- toise-shell and bone pole; H. R. H. Victoria Kama- malu. * Case 7, KR. 20 " Yellow feathers with tropic bird's tails; black and or- ange trimmings; turned kauila pole; Queen Emma. Case 8, KR. 21 *' White duck feathers, very large; light blue and white trimmings; ash pole; made for Mrs. Bishop's funer- al. Case 8, KR. 22 " Yellow feathers and tropic bird tails; black feather base; black and orange trimmings; tortoise-shell and bone handle; Malulani; Queen Emma. Case 8, KR. 23 ** Tropic bird tails; cherry and white trimmings; native woods pole; Mrs. Bishop. Case 9, KR. 24 ** *Grrey, white tipped feathers; black base; black and white trimmings; handle of tortoise-shell and human bone. The ^'Kumu," or principal bone is the right shm bone of Kaneoneo, a noted chief of Kauai who was killed in the battle of Nuuanu [1795]. The other bones are of chiefs who fell in the same battle and were thus honored by the conqueror. When a chief is at the point of death these bones are sup- posed to rattle. See No. 117. Case 9, KR. 25 ** Duck feathers dyed; mate to No. 16; Leleoili; Queen Emma. Case 9, KR. 26 ** Yellow and red feathers, black base, black and orange , . trimmings, pole of tortoise-shell and ivory; H. R. H. Victoria Kamamalu. Case 9, KR. 27 ** Oo feathers; Kekuaipoiwa, he inoa keia o ke kupuna- wahine oia ka makuahine o Kamehameha a me Ke- liimaikai; he hulu Oo kona hulu; Queen Emma. Case 9, KR. 28 ** Peacock feathers, large; pink and yellow trimmings; Mrs. Bishop. Case 10, KR. *Presented by G. D. Oilman, Esq., of Boston. 14 29 Kahili.— Grey with tropic bird tails, mate to No. 10; Queen Emma. Case 10, KR. 30 '* Black peacock feathers, grey and white base, black and white trimmings, tortoise-shell and ivory pole; Qiieen Emma. Case 10, KR. 31 ** Ostrich feathers, mate to No. 12, Kaleoaloha; Queen Emma. Case 10, KR. 32 ** Red feathers; grey and white base; cherry and white trimmings; tortoise-shell and ivory pole; H. R. H. Victoria Kamamalu. ! Case 10, KR. 33 *^ Mate to No. 8; Kalelehoanoano; Queen Emma. Case 13, KR. 34 *' Duck feathers dyed red, globular head, light blue and white trimmings, koa pole; Queen Emma. Case U, KR. 35 ** Grey and black feathers, large; painted pole; Keaka, he inoa keia no kona kupuna a o ka hooholo loa ana o Keakamaha, a ua hea ia i keia kahili; Queen Emma. Case 15, KR. 36 " Black and white oo feathers, short and thick, pale blue base, purple and lavender trimmings, turned koa pole; Mrs. Bishop. Case 15, KR. 37 ** Blue peacock feathers, orange and purple figured base, purple and yellow trimmings, painted pole; Kalani- kaumakamana, he inoa no keia no ka Moiwahine Ema a ua hea ia i keia kahili; Queen Emma. Case 15, KR. 38 ** Peacock feathers, large and flat, pink base, cherry and yellow trimmings, turned koa pole; Mrs. Bishop. Case 15, KR. 39 " Black feathers, black and orange base ariW trimmings; Kaowao, he inoa ia o kekahi kupuna ona; oia ke alii i ana maia e na makaainana kona kupapau a puni na moku o Maui; he alii aloha oia i na maka- ainana, a he aloha na makaainana iaia; Queen Emma. Case 15, KR. 40-43 ** Duck feathers dyed red, rough kauila poles, Queen Emma; Pilialoha, o na kahili pili eha keia ma ka aoao o ka pahu o Kekelaokalani i kona hoolewa ia Ss 16 ana, a oia no na pili o ka pahu o ko ka Moiwahme hootewa ia ana. These four kahilis stand at the corners of the Bird Case, KR. 44-45 A pair of kahilis made of sugar cane were presented to Queen Emma as a birthday offering, January 2, 1883, by the women of Wailuku, Maui. Ka makana Hoohiwahiwa, he kahili i hana ia mai ka ha Pu mai; he makana mai ka Hui wahine mai o Wailuku no ka la hanau. On the main stairway. Smaller kahilis used both as insignia of chieftainship and as fly-flaps. 46 Kahili 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 —Red feathers, red and yellow base and top, tortoise-shell handle. Case 1, KR. Black wing feathers, red and yellow base and top, tor- toise-shell and ivory handle. Case 1, KR. Peacock feathers, red and yellow base and top, native woods handle. Case I, KR. Red feathers, native woods handle. Case I, KR. Black and grey split feathers, whip handle. Case I, KR. White feathers, native woods handle. Case 1, KR. Black feathers, large, native woods and bone handle. Case 1, KR. Cock feathers, brown and white, whip handle. Case 1, KR. Black feathers tipped with white, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 1, KR. Oo feathers, whip handle. Case 6, KR. Peacock feathers, red and yellow top and base, native woods handle. Case 6, KR. j|mall red feathers, native woods handle. Case 6, KR* White feathers, native woods handle. Case 6, KR. Oo feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle, yellow top and base. Oo feathers, native woods handle. {( {( (i (i n Black feathers, *» ** '* Red hen feathers, native woods handle. Case 6, KR. Case 6, KR. Case 6, KR. Case 6, KR. Case 6, KR. Case 6, KR. 16 66 Kahili. — Peacock feathers, native woods handle. Case 6, KR. 66 ** " ** ** " ** Case 6, KR. 67 ** ** ** tall plain wood handle. Case 6, KR. 68 ** White feathers, boiled, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 6, KR. 69 ** Peacock feathers, native woods handle. Case 7, KR. 70 ** '' '' tortoise-shell handle. Case 7, KR. 71 ** Large, black, native woods handle. Case 7, KR. 72 ** Green and Klack feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 7, KR. 73 ** Red feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 7, KR. 74 ** White split feathers, native woods handle. Case 7, KR. 75 ** Parrot feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 76 ** Black feathers with red and yellow base, tortoise-shell and iyory handle. Case 8, KR. 77 ** Black and white feathers, long, whip handle. Case 8, KR. 78 ** Black and white feathers, long, whip handle. Case 8, KR. 79 ** Oo feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 80 ** Go feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 81 ** Mina feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 82 ** Mina feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 83 *' Smoky feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 84 ** Parrot, split feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 85 ** Parrot, split feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. 86 ** Go feathers. ^ Case 8, KR. 87 ** Go with yellow and green base and top, tortoise-shell handle. Case 9, KR. 17 88 Kahili. — Black feathers, with blue, yellow and red base, tortoise- shell handle. Case 9, KR. 89 ** Kala feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 9, KR. 90 ** Kala feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 9, KR. 91 " Black feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 9, KR. 92 " Black feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 9, KR. 93 ** Kala feathers, native woods and ivory handle. ^ Case 9, KR. 94 ** Red and brown, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. * Case 9, KR. 95 ** Oo, green and yellow base, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 9, KR. 96 ** Mottled, yellow and blue base and top, native woods handle. Case 9, KR. 97 " Oo, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 10, KR. 98 ** Blue peacock, ^yellow and blue base, tortoise-shell ^ handle. . Case 10, KR. 99 ** Blue peacock, yellow and blue base, tortoise-shell handle. "^ Case 10, KR. 100 " Soft white feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. 101 ** White duck, native woods handle. Case 10, KR. 102 ** Red and black feathers, native woods handle. Case 10, KR. 103 ** Red and black feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 10, KR. 104 " Breast feathers, tortoise-shell handle. Case 10, KR. 105 ** " " ** •* Case 10, KR. 106 ** Peacock, given to H. R. H. Keelikolani by Mrs. Par- ker. Case 10, KR. 107 ** Black feathers, yellow base, tortoise-shell handle. Case 10, KR. 108 ** Red and white feathers spirally arranged, whip' handle. Case 10, KR. 1 09 " Black feathers, yellow base, yellow and black top, native woods handle. Case 10, KR ' ' :'-^^ 18 110 Kahili. — Black oo, red and yellow base and top, native woods handle. Case 10. KR. Black feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 8, KR. Oo feathers, red and yellow base and top, coconut and ivory handle. Case 15, KR. Oo feathers, red and yellow base and top, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 15, KR. Oo feathers, red and yellow base and top, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 15, KR. Split feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 15, KR. Ill 112 113 114 115 * ri6 Split feathers, tortoise-shell and ivory handle. Case 15, KR. 117 Kahili pole of tortoise-shell and human bone, sections of thigh bones of Kaneoneo and other chiefs killed in the Nuuanu battle, given by Paki to Gorham D. Oilman many years ago, and by him presented to the Museum. Case 9, KR. 118 ( Kahili handles partly made by Paki, showing the method 119) of manufacture; whale-bone core, tortoise-shell and ivory rings. Case 8, KK. 138 Ancient bird net frorn Kauai; JSE. Case 8, KR. 1 39 Mamo feathers as the collectors brought them in. Each feather is attached to a short fibre. Case 8, KR. 140 Oo feathers as brought in by the hunters. ' Case 8, KR. 141 liwi feathers as brought in by the hunters. Case 8, KR. 142 Feather currency from Samoa*. Case 8, KR. 143 Kahili pole of tortoise-shell and ivory. Case 9, KR. 322 Mahiole or feather helmet from Vancouver's collection. The frame of close, firm wicker-work, the crest broad and low; covered with red, black, green and yellow feathers, now much dilapidated. Case 8, KR. 959 Mahiole or feather helmet of Kaumualii last King of Kauai. Feathers of the oo and iiwi in perfect order. When Kaumualii was summoned to Oahu by Kaahumanu he deposited this treasure with the newly arrived mission family, and half a century later it was purchased at the sale of Mrs. Whitney's effects. The purchaser, Hon. C. 19 R. Bishop, then Minister of Foreign Affairs, presented it to the Government Museum. Case 8, KR. A third form of helmet of which the Museum does not possess a specimen, may be seen on the portrait of Boki in the Picture Gallery. Helmets were also made of human hair of which a speci- men may be seen in Case 31, MR. Ahuula, — The ornamental feather robes vary in size from a small cape to long cloaks. Those made exclusively of manio feathers [ala- neo\ are very rare, and according to Mr. S. B. Wilson, the British Museum has but a small cape of this choicest c^f all feathers. It wa?, however, common to ornament the cloaks of oo and n'le^f with patches of mamo feathers. The simple form of the cloak or cape permitted additions to be made to its length from time to ti-ne, and all large cloaks show the bands of different web almost like the rings of growth in a tree. The colors yellow, red and 'sometimes black were mingled in simple geometrical patterns, — triangles, crescents or bands showing great poverty of design. At the present day the royal feather cloaks are seldom worn, but cover the throne on state occasions, or serve as pall on the coffin of departed royalty. The small capes are worn by attendants on public ^occasions, and in modern times are sometimes made of pheasant feathers.''' 323 Ahuula or feather cloak; length in front 40 in., on back 46 in.; circumference of neck 26 in., of bottom 6ft. D. 955 *' Cape of Mrs. Bishop, feathers of oo and iiwi. Case 31, KR. 956 *' Cape of Queen Emma; oo and iiwi feathers; length in front 8 in., on back 12^ in., circumference at bottom 66 in. Case 31, KR. * By the kind permission of Her Majesty I have been enabled to examine and measure the royal robes now at the palace. These are four in number. The first belonged to Kamehameha I. and is, with the exception of a very natrow border of iiwi feathers, entirely yellow. The second belonged to Kiwalao and is chiefly oo with triangles ot iiwi. The third is mainly iiwi feathers and belonged to Kalanikauikalaneo. The fourth was once a pa-u belonging to Nahienaena and has been cut in halves, the two strips united, and the whole mounted on blue cloth in rectangular form; it is entirely oo feathers. I. — Length in front, 46 in.; back 5Q}4 in-l circumference at bottom, 12ft 4 in. II. — Length in front, 50 ^ in.; back 60 in.; circumference at bottom, 12ft. III. — Length in front, 45 in.; back 54^ in.; circumference at bottom, 12ft 4 in. IV.— Length 10ft. 4 in.; width 5ft. 20 957 Ahuula Cape of Queen Emma; oo and iiwi feathers; length in front 8 in., on back 15 in., circumference at bottom 66 in. , Case 17, KR. 958 ** Cloak from England; oo and iiwi feathers; length in front 47 in., on back 4:Sj4 in., circumference at bot- tom 14ft. D. 2840 Nae or olona netting for making feather cloaks. Case 8, KR. 2841 Nae or olona netting for making feather cloaks. Case 8, KR. 2843 Fragment of a feather cloak. Case 8, KR. 2800 Lei mamo; choicest in the collection. Case 17, KR. 2801 u ** large; bright yellow. Case 17, KR. 2802 u 2803 u Pue kukulu. Case 17, KR. 2804 u Case 17, KR. 2805 a Case 17, KR. 2806 n Case 17, KR. 2807 u Fine. Case 17, , KR. 2808 u (( Case 17, KR. 2809 (( Small and stiff. Case 17, KR. 2810 il With red and black spirals. Case 12, K± 2811 ii Yellow and red spirals. Case 21, KR. 2812 u ii a a ii Case 21, KR. 2813 n Mamo and iiwi alternate; lei pauku. Case 21, KR. 2814 ii ii a a a a a Case 21, KR. 2815 ii Go and pue; yellow and green. Case 21, KR. 2816 ii Oo; yellow and black with long projections. Case 21, KR. 2817 ii Yellow with red end. Case 21, KR. 2818 il ii ii ii a Case 21, KR. 2819 a Green and yellow. Case 21, KR. 2820 a (( ii a Case 21, KR. 2821 n Yellow and long red dyed feathers. Case 7, KR. 2822 ii Small stiff; yellow and green. Case 7, KR. 2823 ii (( ii ii ii n Case 7, KR. 2824 u ii it Ii ii ii Case 7, KR. 2825 C( il if tl 11 Ii Case 7, , KR. 2826 it One red, two gteen, three yellow sections; stiff. Case 7, KR. 21 2827 Lei red and yellow. Case 7, KR. 2828 '' '' '' '' Case 7, KR. 2829 '' *' '' '' Case 7, KR. 2830 '' Short sections alternating red and yellow; soft. Case 7, KR. 2831 '* Short sections alternating red and yellow; soft. Case 7, KR. 2832 *' Short sections alternating red and yellow; stiff. Case 7, KR. 2833 ** Short sections alternating red and yellow; stiff. Case 7, KR. 2834 *' Red and yellow, very small; stiff. Case 7, KR. 2835 '' " '^ '^ '' '' '' Case 7, KR. 2836 '* Red and blue; green dyed feathers; loose. Case 7, KR. 2837 " " '' " '' '' '' short. Case 7, KR. 1786-1789 Feather ornaments from New Guinea. These are ' chiefly made of the feathers of the various '* Birds of Paradise," cassowary and parrot, and are usually worn on the head, sometimes about the neck or arm, These arc all temporarily in Case 6, KR. Kapas. — The origin of the process of beating vegetable fibre to produce a paper or cloth is obscure but its greatest development is seen in the Islands of the Pacific Ocean. The perfection of the pro- cess increases from west to east and the coarse product of New Guinea culminates in the strong and delicate fabric of the Hawaiian Islands. With the introduction of woven cloths at prices far below the cost of the less durable native manufacture, bark cloth is become a thing of the past and on the Hawaiian Islands the very implements of the makers are held as curiosities. Few are the natives who can give any trustworthy account of the cloth-making of their ancestors. Twenty-five years ago the beaters of kapas were still at work in the Hawaiian valleys and the cheerful sound of the beating was heard in all the country districts. Hawaiian bark cloth and its manufacture is first to be considered both as the most perfect and representing the greatest variety. It was the work of women exclusively, as poi-pounding belonged to the men. The provision of bread was men's work, while clothings was 22 furnished by the women. From the days of Penelope, women, even of the highest rank, took a hand in the making of cloth and the female chief of Hawaii took pride in the sheets of paper-like cloth she had formed by her own skill and toil. No loom nor complicated machinery was needed for the simple process by which bark was converted into sheets of varying size and consistency. A log of some hard wood, usually of kawau or kolea wood, was cut to a length of about six feet, hewn to a flat surface three inches wide at top, cut away slightly at either end and hollow- ed longitudinally underneath. This anvil, laan kui kapa or kua kapa, was supported on two stones. A variety of hand clubs, some round \hohoa\ for the first beating, or square [u hiku] for the finishing, and a few calabashes to hold water or some mucilaginous liquid were all the tools needed to make what was probably called from the means used in its creation Kapa — ka pa the beaten. The raw material varied somewhat, but the most common by far was the wauke or waoke [Broussonetia papyri/era.] Of this there were three varieties, waoke malolo the best; kuhonua more common; kakai or uncultivated. Again when young the Broussonetia is called poaa/ia, but when too old for kapa making it is known as kau manu. At Palilua, Hawaii, grew a variety of waoke known as kuloli. Brous- sonetia, or paper mulberry, is a shrub or small tree, cultivated by most Polynesians: but according to Berthold Seemann, it has never been found wild. Formerly extensively cultivated on these Islands, it is now found in clumps in Kona, Hawaii, and on Maui and Kauai, as an escape from cultivation. The habit of the waoke is to branch from the base and not to form trunks; and it is from these numerous low branches that the bark is stripped in lengths of about six feet with a width of two inches. These strips are allowed to dry until the sap has wholly evaporated, and are then stored for future use, either with the outer bark still on, &x commonly after this has been removed by scraping on a smooth board with a plate of shell or bone; the olona scrapers were generally used for this purpose. Bark strif)ping was called uhele, while the softening process was called kikoni. The men cut the branches, but it was always a woman's work to strip off the bark. In use the strips were soaked in water until soft [wali] and then beaten with the hohoa [365-392, Case 16, MR.] on a smooth stone until the fibres were more or less felted together, making rather thick 23 strips of moomoo. These strips were then soaked again and beaten on the kjia kuku with the ie kiiku. Strip was welded to strip until sheets of a surface of 125 square feet were obtained. The surface of the mallet, or ic kuku, was sometimes smooth [mole] , generally marked with parallel lines [hoopai] , or with a still more complicated pattern [nao], as koeau, puili, pepehi, pawehe, etc., and it was this nao that gave the water mark or tissue figure to the kapa. Speci- mens of these are shown in the window frames in the main hall. In this state the pulp was sometimes colored either by dyes mostly of vegetable origin, or previously colored kapa was pulped and then beaten in. In modern times foreign cloth, especially Turkey red, was used, and the most common solid dye thus added was charcoal [fianahu] , made from waoke stems, pili grass, etc. Red ochre was also used in the same way. Pieces accidentally torn were mended by this welding process and patterns were also applied cut from ka- pas of other colors. But before considering the coloring processes, it will be well to note the other barks used in making kapa besides waoke. Second in rank comes the mamaki [Pipturus alhidus] , and quite similar to this is the maaloa [Boehmeria stipularis.] Much less common are the ulei [Osteomeles anthyllidifolia] , akala [Rubus Hawaiiensis] , ulu [Artocarpus incisa] and perhaps other shrubs hav- ing a mucilaginous bark. In olden time the kapa beating [kupalu] was done in one of the six houses of a well-to-do Hawaiian [hale kua] but in later times I have usually seen the old women •establish their kua kuku under some tree near a brook or kalo patch. It is interesting to note that the women engaged in the kuku kapa paipai had a system of signal- ling by blows and intervals from valley to valley. Lauhuki was the god of kapa-beaters. So also was Hai. It generally took four days to beat an ordinary sheet of kap^ Roots, leaves, bark of various plants and trees contributed dye- stuffs, but the chief colors of aboriginal extraction were yellow, red, green, various shades of browns and the greys produced by an ad- mixture of charcoal. Blue was, at least in modern times, made from introduced indigo leaves, *' blueing ball," and foreign cloth. Red in many of the Museum specimens is obtained from "Turkey red." In former times it was obtained from the noni. It was cus- tomary to prepare a kapa intensely imbued with color and keep 24 this for use as solid pigment to be beaten into white kapa. Black kapa for dyeing is seen in Case 25 KR., No. 2693. When the pigmjents were to be applied locally, they were ground in oil usually of kamani, kukui or coconut in a stone mortar [2979-2981 Case 16, MR.], and applied by cords [1267 Case 16, MR.], dipped in the thick liquid and snapped as a carpenter's chalk-line; by pens of bam- bu by stamps cut on bambu strips [2985, 2986. Case 16, MH]; by a brush made of the dried fibre of the hala fruit [2982] or finally by natural objects used as dies, such as the sea urchin [2395, 2469.] In Samoa a mat stamp of several square feet extent was used [No. 2178, Case 19, MR.] Pa'us were often oiled, in which case a coco- nut was roasted until black and then chewed to extract the oil. The kapas thus prepared were waterproof, and in modern times supersti- tion has largely made use of this variety for kahuna practices. A certain red kapa was used to cover idols, while white was some- time put over the god or its worshipper during prayer; white was also the sign of kapu. The patterns on kapa beaters are by no means numerous, although local names swell the list considerably. First of course is the smooth surface called mole; longitudinal grooves one-third of an inch apart convert the mole into pepehi; when these grooves are closer [20-25 to an inch] the pattern becomes hoopai, by far the most common and perhaps the best for felting the bark fibres together. If the pepehi is crossed by a series of parallel lines at right angles the pattern be- comes pepehi halua, and if two series occur crossing the lines of the pepehi at less than a right angle the form becomes pepehi halua ma- ka upena or simply maka upena [meshes of a net.] If any of these patterns have on their flat surfaces round holes 3-16 of an inch in diameter the term pupu is added, while if the holes be triangular the name is niho mano [shark's teeth.] So hoopai crossed by lines at a right angle becomes hoopai halua, jDut when the crossing lines are at other angles it becomes hoopai pawehe or halua pawehe. Another very common form is an undulating line or ridge; if the undulations are parallel they form koeati, if not, pnili. These undulations are often separated by lines when the term halua is added. The iwipuhi resembles the backbone of an eel, the lanmu'ii the pinnate leaf of a fern, the kapuai koloa is supposed to resemble the track of a duck. Nearly all other patterns are slight modifications of these. Names of the patterns cut on the ohekapala or stamps cannot be r^}^, 25 reduced to so simple a nomenclature as the numerous names are not always suggested by the form and are generally capricious and with- out meaning. In this collection are more than one hundred distinct patterns, but none show any fertility or artistic invention, and they are all geometrical combinations, rarely, if ever attempts to imitate natural objects. Owing to the curved shape of the bambu the width of each die was limited, and to cover a large kapa infinite pains were required to repeat the small stamp. A few of these stamps were made on wood; [2949. Case 16, MR.] A list of the patterns of le kuku or Kapa beaters. The numbers are those of the specimens: Case 16, MR. Aha or ahaana— Kapuai koloa. Ehe hoopii 215 — Koeau. Haao 257, 2856— Koeau halua. Halua leihala 224. Halua pawehe 198. ** koeau 193, 203; better koeau halua. ** manama — Maka upena. ** puili 189 — better Puili koeau. *' pupu— 230, 240 — Mole halua pupu. Hoopai 206, 213. '' halua 216. " pawehe 198 — Halua pawehe. " puu 212. Huelopoki — Iwipuhi. Iwipuhi 188. Kalukalu — Koeau. Kapuai koloa 227. Koeau 196, 215. ** halua 193, 203. ** pawehe 253. Laukoa — Lauma'u. Lauma'u 191, 202. Mole 243. ** halua 211. '' pupu 214, 282, 2924. '' '' leihala 224. " pupu 217. 26 Nanauahuki — Koeau halua. Oholupalupa 220 — angular Puili. Painiu — Lauma'u. Papa konane 194. Pawehe 220. Pepehi 233. halua 207, 283. "• '' pupu 210. '^ niho mano 197, 219, 258, 274, 2845. maka upena 208, 209, 255. '' pupu 218. Puili 199, 215, 2846. '' halua 189. '' pawehe 190, 220. Pukapuka — Mole pupu 217. Uahaao — Halua pawehe. Waieli— Puih. The proportion in which the more common forms occur on the le kuku in this collection is as follows : Whole number of sides — 1048 Hoopai 605 Pepehi 222 Koeau 60 Puili 53 All others 168 (Under hoopai are included all the modifications, as hoopai halua so with the others.) Vocabulary of Terms used in Kapa Making. Aahu Bark of waoke soaked m water until soft. Aeokahaloa Waoke kapa colored with charcoal 2481, 2501. The warmest kapa made. Aha A kapa made on Molokai. Ahiahia The uncolored part of dyed or painted kapa. Ahina Grey kapa. Ahunalii A colored kapa. 2482. Akala Riihus Hawaiiensis; a kapa Is made from the bark. Akoa Snuff-colored kapa; dye of akoa tree. 27 Alaea Alaihi Aleuleu Apeupeu Apikipiki Awapuhi Aweluwelu Eleuli Haa Hai Hai manawa Halakea Hanina Holei Hoola la Iho Iliahi Iliki Kalukalu Kapeke Kaumanu Kelewai Kilohana Kuaula Kupaoa Kuina Lapa Lauhuki Loli Maaloa Maile Mahuna Red ochre used as coloring matter. A red kapa. Old or poor kapa. 2377, 2376. A kind of kapa. Zinziher Zerumhet; root used both as scent and dye. Ragged or torn kapa. A kapa niWde in Puna. 2483. Antidesma platyphylliinr, seeds yield a yellow dye. Go4 of the poe kuku kapa. A thin white kapa. Kapa dyed with niu. A pa'u covered with olena. Ochrosia sandvicensis; the bark and root dye yellow. A kind of kapa. Mallet for beating kapa; same as ie kuku. The sheets of kapa below the kilohana in a kuina or set. Sandal wood used to scent kapas. Varnish made of kukui bark, ti leaves and banana buds. A dehcate white kapa. 2428, 2515. A malo colored differently on the two sides. Waoke too old to be used for kapa. Kapa of a mud color. 2492, 2493. The outer or principal sheet of a set of kapas. Usu- ally figured, and sometimes there are more than one. in a set. 2352. A thick red kapa. Raillardia scabra; used to scent kapa. A set of kapas; usually five stitched together on one edge. A marking comb of bambu or wood. 1262, 1265. God of those who made kapa. To color in spots. Boehmeria stipularis; of which the bark was used for making kapa. Alyxia olivaeformis; used as a common scent. A kind of kapa. 2689, 2685, 28 Mamaki Mao Moelua Momo Moomoo Nanahu Nao Na'u Nio Noni Ohekapala Ohelohelo Ohia Ohuohu Okena Olapa Olena Oloa Omao Omoha Onio Opiki Ouholowai Paihi Paikukui Paiua Paipai Paipaikukui Paipu Paiula Paii[ke] Pa'u Paupau Pipturus albidus; of which the bark furnished fibre for kapa making. 2691. Abutilon incanum; which furnished a green dye. 2319, 2649. A red kapa. Kiiwaawaa palaholo. See moomoo. Raw kapa; kapa of little value. Charcoal, the most comnflrWlHblack dye. A pattern, also the ridges in kapa. Gardenia Brighamii; used as a dye. Handsome kapa. Morinda citrifolia. The root colors red. Bambu stamps for printing kapa; ohe kakau. Light red, the color of the ohelo. 2363. Metrosideros polymorpha; used as a dye. A blackish kapa. See olena. Cheirodendon Gaudichaiidii; used to scent kapas. Curcuma longa; Turmeric; a dye of yellow color ob- tained from the root. Waoke bark soaked until soft. Small white kapa formerly put over an idol during prayer. Greenish kapa. 2649. A figure used in stamping kapa. Spotted kapa. A stamp for kapa. Mamaki kapa. 2485. Ohia bark used as a black dye. 2430. Fine white kapa. The act of beating kapa. A pale yellow kapa from Molokai. 2494. Calabash for packing kapas. Kapa made by beating welus of red with new waoke. Also weluula. 2357. A poor kapa of no definite color. Female dress of the olden time; often of three to eight sheets. Old, worn out, dirty kapa. 29 Pahupalapala. Dye holder for kapa printing. Pake Soft and flexible white kapa. Paku To unite two kapas by beating. Palaholo Paste made from the fern ama'uma'u. Palapalani To print kapas and put them out to dry. Palupalu A yellow pa'u. Panionio To print kapas in gay colors. Paniki Glaze or d^e^for kapa. Pehuakoa Kapa dyed with the bark of the koa tree. pi [ Varieties of kapa made on Kauai. Pili Heteropogon contortus; a grass whose charcoal was used to dye grey. Same as the grass used for thatching. Pinauea A kind of kapa used for the pa'u. Poaaha Young waoke. Pouleulu The male flower of breadfruit, used for making kapa. Poulu A shrub whose bark was used for kapa. Pohaka Printed kapa. Poniponi Kapa painted various colors. Puakai Red dye. Kapa striped with red. 2473, 2688. Puali A name for a malo, from its use in girding. Puaniu Kapa dyed with coconut. Pukohukohu Thick, red kapa malo, dyed with noni. Pulou Black or dark colored kapa. Pulohiwa Shining black kapa. Pulu Pulp for kapa. Punoni Kapa dyed with noni. Pupupu White kapa for pa'us. Puukukui Kapa made of waoke and pouleulu. Uaua A kapa or pa'u colored yellow. Waiele Black dye. Also waieleele. Wailiilii Thick kapa with yellow stripes. Waipalupalu 2319. Walahee Plectronia odorata; whose leaves are used as a black dye. Wea Red dye. Welu A rag or bit of kapa. Weluula Same as paiula. 30 Na Kua Kuku. Anvils on which Kapa is Beaten. 710 Kua Kuku.— Small, JSE. D. 711 ' Large, old and in good condition. D. 712 ' Heavy dark wood. D. 713 Old. D. 714 D. 715 ' Kolea wood; JSE. , D, 716 ' D, 715 D. 718 JSE. D. 719 D. 720 ' Kona, Hawaii; JSE Case 16, MR. 721 ' Kawau wood. D. 722 ' Kona, Hawaii; JSE D. 723 M. P. Ailau. D. 724 ' Flat top. D. 725 I (t D. 726 ( (< D. 727 Gov. Col. D. 745 Papa hole kua ula. — Grooved sla d for making pau's. Always of the hardest wood and cut longitudinally with the hoopai pattern. 28^ in . X lOi^ in. D. 746 Papa hole kua ula. — ^JSE. 33 X 7>< Case 16, MR.* 747 33>^ X Sj{ D. 748 34^ X 6^ D. i 749 521^ X 5 D. 750 43 X 10 D. 751 32>^ X S}4 . D. 752 30 X 7^ D. 753 ^ '' " '* [half] 25 X iy^ D. 754 37 X 4^ D. 755 " " Gov. Col. 29 X 51^ D. 365 Hohoa. — Club for the preliminary beating of the kapa fibre. Usually of kauila wood, North Kona, Hawaii. JSE. * When not otherwise noted, all kapa tools are in Case 16, MR, 31 366 Hohoa.- -JSE. 367 <( 368 H. R. H. Keelikolani. 369 JSE. 370 371 372 8-sided. 373 5-sided. S. Kona, Hawaii. 374 375 376 377 ' Hoopai. 378 379 380 ^ Koaia wood, rough 4-sided. 381 382 ' Koaia wood. 383 384 * Mole. 386 ( a 2934 Quadrangular, 3 sides hoopai, 1 mole 2935 (( 2936 2937 8-sided. 2938 2939 2940 2941 2942 Large round club. 2943 a n n 2944 '* ^* JSE. 2945 (( (( (( 2946 (( (( (( 2947 (( (( (. 188 le Kuku. Koaia wood. Sides iwipuhi, hoopai, hoopai, ka- puai koloa. JSE. 189 " Kauila. halua puili, koeau, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. 52 190 le Kuku. Kauila wood. Sides koeau, hoopai, hoopai halua, puili halua. JSE. 191 ** ** lau ma'u, haao, koeau, ko- eau halua. JSE. 192 ** *' koeau, hoopai, hoopai, ko- eau halua; South Kona. JSE. 193 ** ** halua koeau, puili, koeau, haao. 194 ** ** papa konanc, lau ma'u, puili halua, hoopai halua. JSE. 195 ** ** lau ma'u-puili-koeau, koeau halua, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. 196 ** '* koeau, hoopai, hoopai, puili. JSE. 197 ** ** pepehi halua niho mano, ko- eau, puili halua, halua koeau. JSE. 198 " ** halua kapuai manu, hoopai, hoopai pawehe, haao. JSE. 199 ** " puili halua koeau, puili, puili halua, pepehi niho mano. JSE. 200 ** " puili halua, koeau, haao, ko- eau halua. JSE. 201 " " koeau halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai. JSE. 202 ** " lau ma'u, koeau, halua ko- eau, puili. JSE. 203 '' " koeau halua, haao, hoopai, puili. JSE. 204 ** " puili halua, hoopai, puili halua, puili halua. JSE. 205 ** ** lau ma'u-puili, koeau halua, kapuai koloa, iwi puhi. JSE. 206 " *' hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. 33 207 le Kuku. Akia wood. 208 '' Nioi. Alani. Koaie. Kauila. Koaie. Kauila. Sides pepehi halua, pepehi, pepe- hi, hoopai. JSE. pepehi halua maka upena, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. pepehi halua maka upena, pepehi halua, hoopai pepe- hi. JSE. pepehi halua pupu, pepehi^ hoopai, hoopai. JSE. mole halua, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi. JSE. hoopai puu, pepehi, pepehi, pepehi halua. JSE. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. mole halua pupu, pepehi halua, pepehi, pepehi. JSE. ehe hoopii, hoopai, hoopai, haao. JSE. hoopai halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, pepehi. JSE. mole pupu, hoopai, hoopai, mole pupu. JSE. pepehi pupu, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai. JSE. pepehi halua niho mano, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai halua. JSE. oholapalapa, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai. JSE. lau ma'u, koeau halua, pu- ili, koeau. JSE. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi. JSE. D. 34 224 le Kuku. K 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 luila wood. Sides halua lei hala, mole pupu, hoopai, mole halua pupu. JSE. pepehi halua pupu, hoopai, pepehi halua, hoopai. JSE. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai halua, hoopai. JSE. kapuai koloa, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai halua. JSE. mole pupu, hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai halua, hoopai. JSE. halua pupu, mole halua pupu, mole halua pupu, pepehi halua pupu. JSE. D. hoopai halua, pepehi halua, mole, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. koeau halua, hoopai, puili, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. D. iwipuhi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. D. lau ma'u, koeau halua, puili halua, koeau. JSE. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. D. mole halua pupu, pepehi halua pupu, pepehi halua, hoopai. S5 le Kuku. Kauila wood. Nioi. Kauila. Sides koeau, pepehi halua niho mano, koeau halua, puili. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, ho- opai. JSE. D. mole, pepehi halua, pepehi, hoopai. JSE. hoopai halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai. JSE. D. koeau halua, koeau, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. koeau halua, puili, hoopai halua, pepehi halua niho mano. JSE. D. puili, hoopai halua, hoopai hoopai. JSE. D. puili, hoopai, hoopai, hoo pai. JSE. D. hoopai, hoopai, halua, koe au halua, koeau, halua JSE. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, ho opai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, pepehi, hoc pai. JSE. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoc pai. JSE, D. koeau pawehe, hoopai, hoo pai halua, puili-koeau. pepehi halua niho mano koeau halua, puili, koe au. JSE. pepehi halua maka upena koeau halua, hoopai, hoo pai. hoopai halua, hoopai, hoo pai, hoopai. haao, koeau halua, puili, pepehi niho mano. JSE 36 Kauila wood. Sides pepehi halua niho mano, puili halua, koeau halua, haao. JSE. »* pepehi, pepehi, hoopai, pe- pehi. JSE. •' puili halua, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. *♦ pepehi halua, pepehi, hoo- paii hoopai. JSE. D. *' • pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. D. " pepehi halua, mole, pepehi^ pepehi. JSE. D. " koeau halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, puili. JSE. D. ** pepehi halua pupu, hoopai^ hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. << pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. D. ** hoopai halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai. JSE. D. "■ hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, pe- pehi halua. JSE. D. «* hoopai, iwipuhi, puili hoo- pai. JSE. D. *' mole, hoopai, hoopai, pe- pehi halua. JSE. D. '* hoopai, hoopai, hoopai hoo- pai. H. R. H. Kceliko- lani. D. 272 " ** mole halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi halua. JSE. D. 273 ** '* pepehi, pepehi, hoopai, pe- pehi. JSE. 274 ** ** hoopai, pepehi halua, pe- pehi halua, niho mano, ^ hoopai. JSE. 258 le Kuku. 259 (( 260 (( 261 (( 262 U 263 (( 264 ii 265 (( 266 (( 267 (( 268 ii 269 ii 270 ii 271 ii 37 275 le Kuku. Kauila L wood. Sides halua puili, koeau, hoopai, hoopai. D. 276 '' *' hoopai, koeau, hoopai, pu- ili. JSE. D. 277 '' *' iwipuhi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. 278 *' '• pepehi halua niho mano. hoopai, hoopai. hoopai halua. JSE. D. 279 '' '* pepehi, hoopai, mole halua, hoopai halua. JSE. D. 280 puili, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. D. 281 puili halua, hoopai, hoopai. hoopai. JSE. D. 282 '' '' mole halua pupu, mole ha- lua pupu, pepehi halua, mole halua pupu. 283 pepehi halua, hoopai, mole halua, mole halua. 284 pepehi halua pupu, same. mole halua pupu, same. D. 285 mole halua pupu, same. hoopai pawehe, hoopai halua. D. 286 '' '' pepehi halua pupu, mole halua pupu, pepehi, hoo- pai halua. D. 287 " ** puili, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. 288 " " ^ puili, puili halua, koeau, puili halua. D. 289 '' '' iwipuhi, hoopai pawehe. hoopai, puili. D. 290 ** " pepehi halua maka upena, pepehi, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. • 38 291 le Kuku. Kauila wood 292 a 333 u 334 (( 335 (( 336 n 337 Lehua 338 Kauila 339 (^ 340 (( 341 Koaia 342 <( 343 (( 344 Kauila. 345 (i 346 (( 347 i< 348 • 4( Sides hoopai, hoopai, pepehi, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, pepehi, hoopai. JSE. hoopai halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi halua niho mano, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi halua, pepehi, mole pupu, pepehi. JSE. D. pepehi, hoopai, pepehi, pe- pehi. JSE. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, lujopai. JSE. D. pepehi pupu, pepehi, pepe- hi, pepehi pupu. JSE. D. puili halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai. JSE. D. pepehi, pepehi halua, pe- pehi, pepehi. JSE. D. pepehi halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. mole halua pupu, mole, mole halua pupu, same. JSE. D. pepehi halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai. JSE. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. D. hoopai halua, hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai pawehe. JSE. D. mole halua pupu, pepehi, hoopai, pepehi. JSE. D. puili halua, hoopai, hoopai, puili halua. JSE, D. 30 349 le Kuku. Kauila wood. Sides hoopai, hoopai, pepehi ha- lua, hoopai. JSE. D. 350 ** *' hoopai halua, hoopai, pe- pehi, hoopai. JSE. D. 351 '* *' pepehi halua, hoopai, pepe- hi halua. JSE. D. 352 " *' hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hbo. pai. JSE. D. 353 " * hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. D. 354 *' " hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. D. 355 *' " pepehi halua pupu, pepehi halua, hoopai, hoopai. JSE. D. *' pepehi halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, pepehi halua. JSE. D. ** pepehi, mole pupu, pepehi, mole pupu. JSE. D. ** hoopai, puili halua, puili, hoopai. JSE. D. ^* hoopai' hoopai hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. D. *^ hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. D. ** hoopai, hoopai, pepehi ha- lua, hoopai. JSE. D. ** lau ma'u, puili halua, puili halua, kapuai koloa. JSE. ** hoopai, hoopai, pepehi, pe. pehi. JSE. ** koeau halua, (unfinished), mole, pepehi. JSE. , ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. <> puili, haao, hoopai halua. QE. 40 388 le Kuku. Koaia wood. Sides pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. 389 ** Kauila. pepehi halua, same, same, hoopai. D. 390 ** ** hoopai halua, hoopoi, hoo- pai, hoopai. D. 391 ** ** hoopai halua, hoopai, mole halua pupu, hoopai. 392 ** *' . pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 393 ** ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 394 ** *' hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 395 ** ** hoopai halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai. D. 396 ** ** mole halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai, mole halua pupu. D. 397 ** *' hoopai halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, mole halua. D. 398 ** ** pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 399 ** ** mole halua pupu, same, haopai, hoopai halua. D. 400 ** ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 401 ** ** pepehi halua pupu, hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai. D. 402 ** ** mole halua pupu, hoopai halua, hoopai, hoopai, D. 403 ** ** hoopai halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai. D. 404 ** ** pepehi halua, koeau halua, mole halua pupu, same. D. •405 ** ** pepehi halua maka upena, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. 41 406 le Kuku. Kauila wood. Sides hoopai, hoopai, hoopai hoopai. D. 2846 ** ^* halua niho liilii, pepehi pupu, hoopai, hoopai. 2846 ** ** puili, hoopai, puili halua koeau. H. R. H. Keeli kolani. '* hoopai, hoopai, hoopai hoopaii. H. R. H. Kee likolani. D. *' hoopai, hoopai, pepehi ha lua, hoopai. H. R. H Keelikolani. D. *• hoopai, pepehi halua, hoo pai, hoopai. H. R. H Keelikolani. D. '* hoopai, hoopai, hoopai hoopai. D. " pepehi halua pupu, hoopai hoopai. D. *' hoopai halua, hoopai, pe pehi halua pupu, hoopai Small. D. ** hoopai, hoopai halua, pe pehi halua, hoopai. H R. H. Keelikolani. D. ** hoopai, hoopai, pepehi ha lua, hoopai. H. R. H Keelikolani. D. '* hoopai, pepehi, hoopai hoopai. JSE. D. '* koeau halua, hoopai halua hoopai, hoopai. ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo pai. D. *' hoopai, koeau halua, hoo pai, hoopai. ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo ^pai. D. 42 2860 le Kuku. 2861 2862 2863 2864 2865 2866 2867 2868 2869 2870 2871 2872 2573 2874 2875 2876 2877 2878 Kauila wood. Sides hoopai halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai. D. ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. ** pepehi, pepehi, hoopai, pe- pehi. ** pepehi, pepehi halua, pepe- , hi, pepehi. D. *' hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. ** koeau, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. " pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. *' pepehi, hoopai, mole pupu, pepehi. D. ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. H. R. H. Keeli- kolani. D. ** pepehi, pepehi, pepehi, hoo- pai. H. R.,H. Keeliko- lani. D. ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, pe- pehi. D. ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. " hoopai, pepehi, hoopai, pe- pehi. D. *' hoopai halua, pepehi halua pupu, same, same. D. ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. *♦ boopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. ** hoopai, hoopai, halua, hoo- pai, hoopai. D. ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. 43 2879 le Kuku. Kauila 2880 2881 2882 2883 2884 2885 2886 ' 2887 wood. Sides hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. hoopai halua, hoopai, hoo- pai hoopai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. hoopai halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai. QE. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. H. R. H. Keeliko- lani. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. H. R. H. Keeli- kolani. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. H. R. H. Keeliko- lani. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. hoopai, hoopai, halua pa- wehe, h6opai. D. pepehi, pepehi, pepehi, hoo- pai halua. D. pepehi, mole, pepehi haluai pepehi. D. pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, pe- pehi halua niho mano. Long. . D. 44 2897 le Kuku 2898 (( 2899 ti 2900 t( 2901 a 2902 2903 2904 2905 2906 2907 2908 2909 2910 2911 2912 Kauila wood. Sides pepehi, mole halua pupu, mole halua, mole halua pupu. D. *' hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, pe- pehi. D. ^* hoopai halua, hoopai, pe- pehi, hoopai halua pupu. D. " hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. '' hoopai, pepehi halua niho mano, pepehi halua, pe- pehi. H. R. H. Keeliko- lani. D. '* hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. *' pepehi halua, same, pepehi, pepehi. D. ** hoopai, hoopai, puili, hoo- pai. D. " hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. " hoopai, hoopai, pepehi, pe- pehi. D. ** pepehi, pepehi, pepehi, pe- pehi. H. R. H. Keeliko- lani. D. '' hoopai, hoopai, mole halua pupu, hoopai. D. ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. *' hoopai halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, hoopai. D. ** koeau halua, hoopai, pepe- hi, hoopai. D. *' hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. 45 2913 le Kuku. 2914 Kauila wood. Sides pepehi, hoopai, hoopai,hoo- pai. D. ** pepehi, hoopai halua, mole halua pupu, pepehi halua. D. '' hoopai, pepehi, pepehi, pe- pehi. D. *' pepehi, hoopai halua, pepe- hi halua, mole halua pupu. JSE. D. " hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. '* hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. '' pepehi, pepehi, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. " mole halua pupu, same, pe- pehi, pepehi. D. *' hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. '* pepehi, pepehi, mole halua, pepehi. D. ** pepehi halua niho mano, hoopaij hoopai, hoopai [unfinished]. JSE. ** mole halua pupu, same, pepehi pupu, same. D. " pai niu, hoopai, hoopai, koeau halua. D. " pepehi niho mano, koeau, kapuai koloa, puili. D. ^^ lau ma'u, kapuai koloa, lau ma'u, lau ma*u. D. " mole halua niho mano, mole pupu, hoopai, hoo- pai. JSE. D. ** hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. 46 3075 le Kuku. 3076 H 3077 tl 3078 (C 3079 (< 3080 u 3081 u 3082 u 3083 k( 3084 it 3085 it 3086 n 3087 it 3088 a 3089 n 3090 u 3091 u 3092 u 3093 {( Kauila wood Sides pepehi halua, hoopai, hoo- pai, mole. D. <* pepehi, pepehi halua, pepe- hi halua, pepehi. D. << mole halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai, hoopai. D. '' koeau halua, puili, pepehi, mole halua pupu. D. << pepehi, hoopai, hoopai, pe- pehi. Knob on corner. D. " mole halua pupu, mole, pe- pepehi, mole halua. D. << hoopai halua, pepehi, mole pupu, hoopai halua. D. " pepehi, mole halua pupu, mole halua pupu, pepehi. D. ii mole halua pupu, hoopai, hoopai, pepehi halua. D. t« pepehi, pepehi, mole, hoo- pai halua. a hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. <«. hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. ii pepehi, pepehi, hoopai ha- lua, pepehi. D. a hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hoo- pai. D. « pepehi, pepehi, pepehi, hoo- pai. D. << pepehi, pepehi, pepehi, pe- pehi. D. « hoopai, pepehi halua, pepe- hi, pepehi. D. a hoopai, hoopai, hoopai, hop- pai. D. a pepehi, pepehi, hoopai, pe- pehi. D. 47 Ai iki. Kapa beater from Fiji. The pattern on all four sides is hoopai. Case 4, EH. Lapa or pen for marking parallel lines on kapa. JSE. (( u n (( ISE. These two lapas are made of wood and were procured at Olaa, Hawaii. Usually they are made of bambu. Lapas of bambu with one to nine points. '* ** three to nine points, oblique. ** pa'u for marking a single line on kapa. JSE. (( II (( u u a TSE Kaula kakau cord for marking interrupted lines on kapa. It was dipped in the thick dye and applied as a carpenter's chalk-line. See kapa 2352, Case 8, KR. Bambu roll for markiiag lines on kapa. Fiji Ids. Case 4, EH. Stampfor marking siapos. Samoan Ids. JSE. Case 19, MR. u u a u a IIQ Y> Ohekapala, he ohe kakau. Stamps of bambu carved on the inside of one end in a raised pattern for imprinting kapa. More than a hundred different designs may be seen in Case 16, but the names of these patterns are not yet sufficiently determined to print here. Ohekapala, of wood. H.M. Liliuokalani. Pohaku kui noni. Stone pestle used to crush noni for dye or medicine. This form is a flattened spheroid with a shallow groove cut around it through its axis of rotation. It is larger and heavier than any pounder in the collection. Pohaku kui noni. Pohaku kui nanahu; pestle to crush charcoal. JSE. (( it it Poho hooluu; stone cup for dyes. ■ " " QE. (( U Paint brush; a dried pandanus fruit. Kui humuhumu kapa; ivory bodkin for piercing kapas« JSE. Kapa bag of nanahu for tinting white kapas. 48 2987 2988 2989 2990 2996 2997 2994 2991 2992 2993 4043 2316 2317 2318 2319 2320 2321 2322 2323 2324 Ipu; for red dye. Kui hutnu; needle for sewing kapas in a kuina, bone. JSE. " " " " " kauila. JSE. Strip of black kapa for marking. Alaea, red ochre; used both as a pigment and as a cement. Awapuhi; ginger root, used for coloring and scenting. Waoke bark strip as taken from the tree. Poaaha or dried waoke bark after passing through the first process of kapa-making. In this form it may be kept for years. From Waikapu, Maui. JSE. Poaaha; whiter and thicker. Specimens of various qualities. Instrument of kauila wood for cleaning the grooves in a pa'u board, or ie kuku. The kapa is often troublesome in clogging these depressions. 2310 Kapa pa'u oili 2311 2312 2313 2314 2315 jingle sheet. 43 in. x 9 ft. 13, KR. " 3 shts, upper figd. 42 x 13 13, KR. a 5 u u u 34 xU u 2 '* *< ** 41 X 9 u 3 .. u • it 41 X 9 " fragment of under sheet. 31 X 6^ 2 sheets, kilohana figured all over. 36 X 9 niahuna, fragment. QE. 39 x 2}( 4 sheets, purple with black and red figures. JSE. 36 x\\}( 13, KR. mao or waipalupalu, 4 sheets yellow with black and red figures. QE. 42 x 9 13, KR. yellow, single sheet; hula skirt. 13, KR. 13, KR. 13, KR. 13, KR. 13, KR. 13, KR. ' 48 x 221^ sheets, I, 2, 3, yellow, 4 and 5, brown. 39 X 9 5 sheets yellow, kilohana figured red. 33 X lOyi cotton cloth, figured to imitate the native manu- facture, black figures. 35 X 9}4 13, KR. mate to 2323. " ** J>. 13, KR. 13, KR. 13, KR. 49 2325 Kapa pa'u; single sheet, cross striped red and black. ^ 40 in. X 13 ft. D. 2326 *' ** brown-pink, black figures, Molokai. Fragment. D. 2327 ** ** hula, yellow with black figures. 43 X 16 13, KR. 2328 '' '' paiula, 5 sheets plain. Fragment. 13, KR. 2329 '' '' olena. Fragment. 23, KR. 2330 '' *' hula. Fragment. JSE. 43 x 10 D. 2331 '' '' " Striped. JSE. 44 x 10 13, KR. 2332 *' '' '* ** black and red. 43 X 10 13, KR. 2333 Kapa moe, kilohana red-brown, dark stripes; 1 blue, 2 white sheets. 7 J^ ft. x 10 ft. 14, KR. 2334 ** " ** mottled grey, 4 white, soft. 8 xl2 14, KR. 2335 *' '* '' painted, kalukalu, fragment. 3, KR. 2336 " *' '* blue with black figures and stripes, 4 white. 6>^ X 9^ 14, KR. 2337 *' ** ** paiula, red from foreign cloth, 1 white. Made in 1868, by Huli of Waiea, South Kona. JSE. 5^ X 10 U, KR. 2338 ** ** ** white with red triangles, 4 white. ly^ X 93^ D. 2339 ** ** *' white, blue and pink, 6x7 14, KR. 2340 ** '* ** pink and blue, 4 white. 7>^ X 10 14, KR. 2341 ** ** ** white with pink and grey stripes, 4 white. 734 X 9^ 14, KR. 2342 *' '' *' red with grey patches, 4 white. 7y2 X 9/2 14, KR. 2343 " " ** mamaki ouholowai, soft brown with darker stripes. 6^ X 10 14, KR. 2344 ** ** " 5 red-brown striped with black. QE. 7 X lOi^ 14, K.R 50 2345 Kapa moe, kilohana 5 red-brown striped with dark-brown, •old. 6 ft. X 7^ ft. U, KR. 2346 ** *' '' 5 dark-brown striped with black. 7J4 X 11^ 14, KR. 2347 '* ** '' " '' '' HG. 7^ X 111^ D. 2348 '* •' '* pink with blue mottled stripes, 4 white. JSE. The kilohana was originally plain white, the mot- tling added at a later date. The red, puakai, was made by infusing waoke with noni root, maile, powdered coral unburnt, etc., and the process required five days for the infusion, when the waoke became dark red, and was then beaten into the white kapa. The dark mottling is of ae- okahaloa kapa, the pigment being charcoal of waoke, and is beaten in as the red was previously. This kuina was made about 1881 by Kukona, of Wailuku, Maui. 7 ft. X 9^ ft. 14, KR. 2349 Kapa moe, kilohana, 2, 1st. auilepe, '2nd. kuakualoi, Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 6^ X 9){ U; KR. 2350 *' ** ** 2 dark brown, plain, 4 ginger-colored, soft. 7 X 9 14, KR. 2351 ** ** ** paiula, dark grey squares, 1 white. 7}( X 10 15, KR. '2352 ** ** ** 1st. blue with black squares and trian- gles, 1 white, 2nd. kilohana white with broken stripes, 2 white. 12 X lOi^ 8, KR. 2353 ** ** ** ohelohelo with dark mottlings, 4 white. 6>^ X 9^ 8, KR. 2354 ** '* '* paikukui kakau nanahu, 4 white. 7)^ X 9 15, KR. 2355 ** ** *' yellow-brown with dark zigzag, 1 white, 1 pink, 1 white, 1 blue. HG. 7^x9^ 2, KR. 2356 ** ** ** salmon-color with red and black stripes, 1 white, 1 figured, 1 white. HG. 8 X 914: 14, KR. 2357 " ** " palenanahu puahala, 4 white. HG. 634 X sy2 D. 51 2368 Kapa moe, kilohana paiula strijicd, 2 grey. HG. 6>^ ft. X 8^ ft. D. 2359 ** ** ** ulaula keokeo, white with red stripes, 1 grey, 3 white. HG. 6^ X 81^ D. 2360 " '' ** red with blue stripes, 1 white, 1 red, 2 white. HG. 1/3x9 D. 2361 ** ** *' paiula, foreign color, 4 white. Waipio, Hawaii. JSE. 7x9 D. 2362 " '' " white with black stripes, 4 white. JSE. 7^ X 10 14, KR. 2363 " " " black with brown stri es. 7}i X 9^ 2364 " " " black, 3 sheets. 8 X [oys 2365 " '' '' 3 sheets ginger color. 7>^ X 9 2366 " coarse, red, yellow and black stripes. 5^ X 8^ 2367 '* white with red and grey stripes. JSE. 5^ X 9}i 2368 " moelola, grey. 8 x 10 2369 " kihei keiki, nao nanauahuki. Hawaii. JSE. 4^ X 8 2370 " kilohana mamaki eleuli. JSE. 6 X 7 2371 " " '' Punaluu, Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 8 X 9 3, KR. 2372 ** pa'u, light brown, plain, coarse. 28 in. X 41>^ ft. D. 2373 ** kilohana mamaki, Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 5 ft. X e}( 3, KR. 2374 " red-brown, stiff. 7>^ x 8>^ 3, KR. 2375 " pa'u, yellow, thick. 3^ x 16}{ 3, KR. 2376 " malo, waoke 15 in. wide. 2377 ** ** alaea, striped with kukui wood charcoal. JSE. 10 in. x 6^ 3, KR. 2378 '' '' '' niau. JSE. 9 x 6J^ D. 3, KR. 3, KR. 2, KR. 3, KR. 3, 3, KR. KR. 3, KR. 3, KR. >:;-■ r-^^-.- '■■"2^^,:^i£iJi^ 52 2379 2380 2381 2382 2383 2384 2385 2386 2387 2388 2389 2390 2391 2392 2393 2394 2395 2396 2397 2398 2399 2400 2401 2402 2403 2404 2, KR. 2, KR. 2, KR. D. 2, KR. Kapa malo, olena. JSE. 9 in. x 7 ft. '* waokekea. JSE. 9 x 7 " kaholo, grey. 12 x 6^ olena huipu na uhiine ino. 12 x 4^ - malo olena, scent maile and awapuhi, JSE. 6 X 7y2 pa'u olena, black and red stripes and figures. Si^ft.x 8^ 2, KR moe, 3 sheets ginger colored, red and black figures 4>^ X 7 2, KR ginger colored, plain. 3}^ x iyi 3^2 X 9 '* ♦' 4 X 13 pa'u, 4 sheets, ginger colored. QE. ^'A X 9>4 ** hula puakai, 3 sheets very old, 32 in. X 13^ '' '' " 3 '* all striped. 36 X \oy2 '* 3 '* 28 X 91^ mahunalii, pink. JSE. 20 x 6 hana kahuna, aeokahaloa. 5 ft. x 8^ palapala haukeuke, echinus stamp. Kauai. HG. 6 X SS/s 3, KR D KR D 2, KR 9 KR -J KR 2, KR 9 KR 3, KR mahunalii. HG. •22/ i X 4W niho me ka haukeuke. Kauai. HG. '21 3 X / 2, KR. 3, KR. pea palau, yellow with red and black figures. HG. ■2iX X 6 2, K|i. moe, kilohana paiula with black figures, 4 white. S X 9y3 D. " " " kuilewa pattern, 4 white. 8 X 9^ 2, KR. '' 4 white. 8^ x lO^/^ D. ** '* " with mottled stripes, 4 white. 8 X 11 D. ** •* " '* blue, 4 white. 8 X 10^ D. ** ** chocolate, 1 ginger, 2 chocolate, 1 ginger. 6^ X 9yi D. 53 Kapa moe, kiiohana paiula, with mottled stripes, 4 white. 7>^ft. X \oy2 ft. D. '' 4 white. 7^ x 9^ . D. " 3 " soft. 7}^ X 81/i D. *^ 4 ** 8)^ X llj^ D. u it 4 i» u 7 X 9}{ D. ** *^ ** '* 1 brown, 3 ginger colored, soft. 7>^ X 10 D. '* ** '' and 4 sheets brownish. 6^ X 82^ D. ** 5 sheets white, soft, old. 8 x 11 3, KR. *' ** kiiohana paiula, 4 white, soft. 6x9 D. '* " '* " striped, 5 delicate sheets. 7^ X 8^3 2, KR. " 2 grey sheets. 8j4 x Uyi 15, KR. '' pa'u, 2 striped, 4 light brown. 2}^ x 112/^ 15, KR. " moe, 1 dark brown, 1 light brown, light brown. QE. 6^^ " " kilohanas 2, aeokahaloa and foreign color. Scented with ku[ aoa. Made by Pipipi, Kona, Hawaii, in 1864. 3 sheets. JSE. 7 X 81^ 8, KR. " " 1 aeokahaloa, 2 white scented with mokai. Made by Kanopa^ Kona, Hawaii, in 1867. JSE. 6>^ X 8^3 2, KR. " " mahuna, 4 sheets paiula. 9^ x 13 D. ** ** kiiohana paiula, 4 white soft. 9}( X U}4 D. ** '' *» " 8 X 10)^ D. " '' 4 sheets white, soft. 7 x 91^; D. ** *' white with red and blue stripes. 4 white. 7}i X lOj^ D. ** " kiiohana paiula, 2 white. HG. 7 X 9J< D. " " ** *' foreign color, made about 1858; 1 kalukalu, white, made at same time, 1 white made 1847. All by Kanopa of Kona, Ha- waii. JSE. Q^ X 9 ' D. 1 dark brown, 2 X 7>^ D. paiula the latter 54 2427 Kapa moe, kilohana [foreign], 2 white. Made by Kapule, Kona, Hawaii, 1868. JSE. 6 ft. X 8 ft. D. 2428 *' '' 3 kalukalu, white. Made by Huli, Kona, Ha- waii, 1868. JSE. 6x8 D. 2429 *' '* kilohana paiula nanahu, 4 white. Made at Laie, Oahu. JSE. 8 x 10 D. 2430 *' '* kilohana paikukui, 2 olena. HG. 7>^ X 9 2, KR. 2431 '* '' 4 ginger colored, soft. 6}^ x 6^ D. 2432 '' '* figured, VV. P. Leleiohuku, 1848. JSE.' 3>^ X 4^ 8, KR. 2433 " kihei, olena nanahu, figured. HG. 5)4 X 6)4 D. 2434 ^* moe olena nanahu kakau. HG. 7x8 D. 2435 " '' kilohana puahala kakau. HG. 6>^ X 7}i D. 2436 '' " kilohana pualima. HG. 7^ X 10 D. 2437 '' " olena kakau. HG. 3x8 D. 2438 '' '' kihei kakau, old. JSE. 3x4 1, KR. 2439 '' pa'u olena kakau. 2^4 x 11 D. 2440 '' '' olena kakau. 3 x 23 D. 2441 *' moe kilohana puahala, 1 white, 1 brown. Made in Pelekunu, Molokai. Cleaned in 1886. JSE. 6 X 7>^ 15, KR. 2442 '* pa'u olena with red and black zigzags. .3>^ X 8^ D. 2443 " ** blue with red and black triangles. 4 X 3>^ 1, KR. 2444 " ** ohelohelo with black figures, 4 lightbrown. QE. 3^ X 7% 13, KR. 2445 ** " olena with black figures. 3^ X S}4 D. 2446 " moe niau; yellow with painted black stripe. JSE. 6J^ X 9 2, KR. 2447 ** " olena with red and black diagonals; 7 X 9>^ D. 55 D. D. 13, KR. 2, KR. 13, KR. 2448 Kapa moe, kihei, red and green figures. HG. 5 it. X 6 ft. 2449 ** pa'u hula, brown with black stripes, 1 red. 3 X 3 2450 ** moe, thick white covered with black. 5 X 6 2451 ** malo waipalupalu, lined with black. QE. 14 in. X 8%; 2452 *' pa'u mahuna, 3 sheets, oiled. 3)4 ft. x 10 2453 ** '' brown-red, with black and red figures. QE. 3^ X 4^4 13, KR. 2454 '' '' paiula. HG. 3 x 15 13, KR. 2455 '' grey, from a burial cave. JSE. Sj4 x 10 3, RR. 2456 ** moe, kilohana paiula, 1 pale blue, 1 white. JSE. 6^x 71^ n, KR. 2457 '* poni, purple; from foreign cloth and indigo leaves. Kiilae, Hawaii. JSE. 5 x 7>^ D* 2458 " moe, kilohana paiula, palenanahu, puahala, kakau, 4 white. HG. 6x8 8, KR. 2459 " brown. From Kawaihae-uka. JSE. 6>^ X 814 2460 '* hinahina kuikui. Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 52/3 X 7 2461 '' mahuna. HG. 6^ x S}{ 2462 " moe ipo of Kamehameha III. JSE. 8x6^ 2463 '' keokeo, very soft. iyi x S 2464 '* moe, kilohana olena made by Limahana of Kealia, in the time of Kamehameha III. JSE. 63^ X 8 14, KR. 2465 '' kihei, finely printed. 6 x 6)4 3, KR. 2466 '' kalukalu, thin, white, fragment. 1, KR. 2467 '' '' - '* " 1, KR. 2468 " pale pink, with black stripes and figures, fragment. 15, KR. 2469 " white decorated with black and pink, fragment. 15, KR. 2470 ** pa'u grey with black and red zigzags. 3 ft. X 14 ft. 15, KR. 2, KR. 2, KR. 2, KR. 14, KR. 14, KR. 56 2471 2472 2473 2474 2476 2476 2477 2478 2479 2480 2481 24^2 2483 2484 2485 2486 2487 2488 2489 2490 2491 2492 2493 2494 2495 2496 Kapa puakai. Fragment. 15, KR. 1, KR. " " used for hoounauna. JSE. 1, KR. ■ white with red and blue bands, fragment. H. M. Liliuokalani. grey with black zigzags, fragment, paupau, brown with black and red figures, ginger colored with red and black figures, pa'u orange with black stripes and fig- ures QE. 3^ ft. X 8 keokeo maoli. HG. 5 x 7 moe, kilohana paiula, very old. HG. 3>^ X 10 1, KR. 5, KR. 1, KR. 1, KR. 1, KR. 1, KR. D. kihei aeokahaloa made by Pipipi 1864, Koria, Hawaii, JSE. iVz 83^ D. moe, kilohana mamaki ahunalii, made by Mauila, Pu- naluu, Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 7^ x 9^ moe, kilohana mamaki eleuli, made by Mauila. red-brown. W. P. Leleiohoku. X JSE. ^Va 93^ ^V2 D. JSE. D. D. mamaki ouholowai, made by Kapihe, Punaluu, Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 7 x 91^; D. mamaki ouholowai, made by Kapihe, Punaluu, Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 7 x 9^ holoku or dress, thick, ruled pattern. HG. poni, kolu, nanauahuki. JSE. 5 x 5^ pa'u hula paiula, Kalalau, Kauai. 5 kihei, figured red and black. 6 a u a a Q JSE. 1, KR. 1, KR. 1, KR. 1, KR. 1, KR. 1, KR. JSE, D. (( (( u (t (( (( n ISE 7x9 D. pa'u paikukui, black stripes. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 21^ x 9 D. eleele. 5x8 D. grey. 7>^ x 8>^ D. ^ 8 kelewai, made by Mahoe, Kawaihae, Hawaii. QVa ^V2 57 2497 Kapa moe, kilohana grey. QE. 8 ft. x 10 ft. D. 2498 '' '' ** paiula, 1 grey fine. 6 x 6j^ D. 2499 ** '' JSE. 6^ X 7}i D. 2500 " '* light blue. JSE. 5^ x 7 D. 2501 " '' kilohana grey. QE. 8 x 10 D. 2502 '' '' '' paiula. JSE. S x S}4 D. 2503 '' ** '' brown. Hanalei, Kauai. JSE. 4^ X 6^3 D. 2504 ** kelewai, stiff. JSE. 6^ x 9 D. 2505 " moe haimanawa. HG. 3 x 9^ 1, KR. 2506 '' keokeo kapalapala alaea. HG. 5^ x 7 1, KR. 2507 ** kolu, indigo and foreign cloth. South Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 6^ X 82^ D. 2508 ** moe, kilohana holei. Hookena, Hawaii. JSE. 7 X 9>^ D. 2509 '' ** ** paiula. Honomalino, Hawaii. JSE. 6?^ X 9 D. 2510 U (t *' JSE. 6 X 8^3 D. 2511 H n ** 1868. JSE. sy2 X 11 D. 2512 (( n (( n 7 X 9/3 D. 2513 (i paiu la made by Kekoi of H onuapo. Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 6x X 8 D. 2614 u a HG. 4^ X 6/3 D. 2515 i( ii kalukalu, delicate. JSE. 7/3 X 9X D. 2516 (( n '* JSE. 4^ X 10>^ D. 2517 u moe color foreign. 5^ X 9i< D. 2518 (( paiu a. JSE. 7 X 9 D. 2519 a olena, 2 sheets. JSE. 6 X ^y D. 2620 u u JSE. 8>^ X .12 D. 2521 li 11 JSE. 8^3 X 11 D. 2522 a n JSE. 7 X 9 D. 2523 i( i( JSE. 7>^ X 9 D. 2524 (( (i JSE. ^y2 X 11 D, 2525 (( (( 2 sheets, 1868. JSE. ^y^ X 6 D. 5526 (( (( 1864, JSE. 7 X 9 D. 2527 n it pa'u hula, old. JSE. ^% X 8 D. 2528 li <( mahuna paikukui. ^y X 5 D. 2629 a (( pa'u. ^y X 7^ D. 2530 a (( much faded. HG. 3X X ^y D. 68 2531 2532 2533 2534 2535 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2604 2605 2606 2607 2608 2609 2610 2611 2612 2613 2614 2615 2616 Kapa kihei mamaki, nao nanauahuki, color ahinalii. It was soaked in a kalo patch, used and then dyed with seeds of haa [Antidesmal. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 3 ft. X 4 ft. D. brown-yellow. 3 X 5}i D. dark-brown with black stripes. 33^ X 7/ D. pa'u, 5 sheets, oiled, striped. 3^ X 17 D. a 5 it 3 X 15^ D. a 5 a a 3 X 1354 D. it 3 a n 3^ X 20 D. ** 1 sheet 3 X 12 D. n Y <^ <^ 3 X 12 D. H 1 H it 3 X 12>4 D. if 1 ft if 3>^ X ny^ D. moe, kilohana olena, 2 keokeo. ^H X 5 D. kuikui noni. JSE. 6i< X 9 D. olena. JSE. 7^/4 X 8^ D. alaea. JSE. 7 X 9x< D. JSE. 634 X 9 D. kihei olena. Hawaii. JSE. 4 X 51/ D. pa'u hula, olena, black figures. JSE. a>^ X 9 D. brown. QE. 3>4 X 7^ D. moe, kilohana red and grey, 2 white. HG. 7/3 X 9 D. '* 4 sheets ouholowai. HG 7 X 8^ . D. « 2 " ginger colored, soft. 6^ X 9 D. " white, old. Kauai. JSE. 6^ X 9% D. '* yellowish white. 7 X 9 D, " kilohana olena, 1 white. JSE 5 X 7 D. kea, white. JSE. 5X X 7^ D. ** JSE. 7^ X 93^ D. '' JSE. 6/3 X 9 D. ** JSE. 6/3 X sy^ D. *; JSE. y X 10>^ D. ** JSE. 73X X 9>4 D. ** JSE. 7?< X 10>4 D. 59 261 7 Kapa kea, white. JSE. 7^ ft. x 10 ft. D. 2618 '' '' '' JSE. 4^3 X 7^ D. 2619 '' '' '' JSE. 6 X 814: D. 2620 *' " '' JSE. 6 X 81^ D. 2621 '' '' " JSE. 5 X 61^ D. 2622 '' '' '' JSE. 7 X sy3 D. 2623 '' '' '' JSE. 7}( X 814 D. 2624 '' '' '' JSE. 7 X 8>^ D. 2625 '' '' '' JSE. 4 X 1014 D. 2626 " " ^' JSE. sy2 X 9y3 D. 2627 a ic li 5x8 D. 2628 " '' '' very stiff. 7}^ x \0}4 D. 2629 ** " '' 714 X 10 D. 2630 '' '' '' 7^ X 9J/3 D. 2631 ** moe 3 sheets kalukalu. Made by Huli, South Kona, Hawaii. 1868. JSE. 5^ x 7^ D. 2632 '' moe. 6x8 D- 2633 '' '' old. HG. 6^4 x 11 D. 2634 " mahuna olena. HG. 4^ x 9 D. 2635 '' kea. HG. 8x8 D. 2636 *' pa'u, oiled, old. 3i^ x 10 D. 2637 " moe, kilohana, purple, 1 yellow-brown. Old. 5x7 D. 2638 '' " " paiula, 1 olena, stiff. HG. i}( X. 7 D. 2639 ** pa'u hula olena with black figures. 2640 '' maloalaea. JSE. lOin.x 6^ D.. 2641 '* " *' JSE. 9x7 D. 2642 '' '' " JSE. ^ 8 X 614 D. 2643 '' malopuolena. JSE. 9 x 7^ , D. 2644 '' '' *' JSE. 10 X 9^ D. 2645 ** '' keokeo. Hana, Maui. JSE. 10 X byi D. 2646 '* '' poaaha, fragment. JSE. 12 x 3i^ D. 2647 ** aha. JSE. i b%h.x 8>^ D. 2648 " pa'u, 3 sheets, brown fragment. 2^ x 514; D. 2649 '' mau. Green, medicine. HG. 5}^ x 1 D. 2650 " pa'u, green, 2 sheets. QE. 3^ x 12 D. 2651 ^^ ^^ 3 X U D, 60 2652 2653 2654 2655 ^656 2657 2658 2659 2660 2661 2662 2663 2664 2666 2666 2667 2668 2669 2670 ' 2671 2672 2673 2674 2675 2676 2677. 2678 2679 2680 2681 2682 2683 Kapa pau, 5 sheets. QE. 3>^ ft. x 7^ ft, ** " 4 ** ginger colored. 3}^ x 7}^ *♦ " 5 '* black figures. 3 . x lOyi ** moe, 3 sheets, ginger colored. 6 x 7}^ a a 4 u u i< 51^ X 6}4 '* 2 *' ** '' QE. 4 x 91^ *i pa'u, 3 ^' i< u 3 X 13 ** mahunalii, from an old kahuna of Moiliili, Used in sorcery. JSE. ** moe, kilohana paiula. ** brown. JSE. ** pa'u, ginger colored. 3 4/2 4 X 6)4 X 3 X 13>4 X 7 X 81^ X 41/ D. D. D. D. D. D. D. Oahu. D. D, D. D. D. D. m'ahuna, oiled. JSE. ** Honaunau, Hawaii. JSE. 3 old, leathery, from a burial cave, Hawaii. JSE. 2 X 2l4 25, KR. red Hawaii. JSE. 2 X 6 Hawaii. JSE. oiled. 3^ 3^ 1/3 3^ 1/3 3 PA X 6 X 12 X 5 3>4 3^ 4 3>^ X 21/^ D. D. D. D. D. U. D. D. D. D. pa'u mahuna paikukui palapalaia. HG. 4 X 10 D. '* hula puakai. '^>^ x 8 D. ** ginger colored. 2 x 11 T>, old, striped, from burial cave, Hawaii. JSE. 2x6 D. ** '' with black. 4^ x 4>^ D. pa'u hula, kilohiina figured, 1 white, 1 red, 2 white. JSE, 1^ x 2>^ D. old, from burial cave, Hawaii. JSE. 4^ X 7. D, 61 Kapa malo, fragment. JSE. D. mahuna mamaki, fragment. Molokai. JSE. D. keokeo, old. JSE. D. malo puolena kamalii; boy's malo. JSE. 6 in. X 7 ft. D. hula puakai, fragment. Hana, Maui. JSE. D. mahuna, made at Kipahulu, Maui. Fragment. JSE. D. given to the Prince of Hawaii, on Kauai. JSE. D. mamaki. JSE. 26, KR. moelola pukapuka. Kaikioewa's Col, JSE. 1, KR. nanahu, for coloring paikukui. JSE. 25, KR. malo puakai, from Pelekunu, Molokai. JSP. 1, KR. pa'u hula, from Queen Kalama. JSE. 25, KR* puakai, from Kakani, Hana, Maui. JSE. 25, KR. ouholowai, used by chiefs only. Queen Kalama. JSE. 25, KR. mahunalii, from the sorceress Kamaipuupaa. JSE, 25, KR. kuikui, from Koolau, Oahu. JSE. 25, KR. fragment from a burial cave, Hawaii. JSE. D. pa'u hula, '' '' '* JSE. D. malo kahuna puakai. Used only by chiefs when they bathe, kahuna. JSE. Hana, Maui. JSE. JSE. Molokai. JSE. pa'u hula paikukui. Molokai. JSE. kahuna, from Kamoiliili. JSE. pa'u hula, from Kamehameha IV. JSE. '* '* Kalalau, Kauai. JSE. malo paiula. Kaikioewa's Collection. JSE. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. 25, KR. D. 2765 pa'u paikukui; used in childbirth by kahunas. Very rare. JSE. D. mahuna paikukui, from Queen Kalama. Kapa hoo- unauna. JSE. 24, KR. mahuna; used by Kahunas. Lahaina, Maui. JSE. moe, kilohana kapalapala puahala, Kamalo, Molokai. JSE. D. from Hana, Maui. JSE. P. 62 2766 Kapa kihei mahuna, from Laie, Oahu. JSE. D. 2767 '' " '' '' Waimea, Kauai. JSE. D. 2768 '* mahuna used by a kahuna lapaau at Waimea, Kauai. JSE. D. 2769 *^ kihei mahuna, from Kaikioewa, of Waimea, Kauai. JSE. 25, KR. 2770 '' pa'u hula, made at Waimea, Oahu. [2] D. 2771 " fragment. HG. D. 2772 '' ribbons. HG. 24, KR. 2773 " mamaki. D. 2774 '' eleele. D. 2775 '' malo kea. D. 2776 " puahala. Honokua, S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 3, KR. 2777 *' kapalapala. HG. 2^ x llj^ 3, KR. 2778 '* malo eleuli, color olena soaked in mud. Hookena, Hawaii. JSE. 9 in. x 6 24, KR. 3201 '* aeokahaloa. H. M. Liliuokalani. 4 ft. X 6^ 24, KR. 3202 ^* moe, olena 2, mao, olena, mao. H. M. Liliuokalani. 7}4 X 93yi 1, KR. 3203 ** ** kilohana palahea, 1 keokeo, 1 paiula, 2 keokeo. H. M. Liliuokalani. 7)4 x 10 24, KR. 3204 " moe, kilohana nau, 4 keokeo. H. M. Liliuokalani. 6^ X 9 KR. 3205 '' '' '' paiula, 4 keokeo. H. M. Liliuokalani. 7y2 X 9ys D. 3206 '' '' 4 keokeo, no kilohana. H. M. Liliuokalani. 6^ X 9}( D. 3208 *^ yellow poHcho, decorated, modern make. 3209 ** ribbons. 9 specimens from Mrs. J. M. Whitney. 24. KR.' Samoan Kapas. 2201 Siapo or Bark-cloth JSE. 2202 ** JSE. 2203 2204 2205 '' light colored, figured C, 7 ft. X 9 ft. 19, MR. 6 X 7}4 19, MR. 19, MR. 19, MR. 6x7 D, 63 2206 Mat black, varnished. Tutuila. JSE. 4 ft. X 7 ft D. 2207 n brown, figured, soft. JSE. 5 X 6^ D. 2208 n '' ** '' JSE. 8 X 11 D. 2209 n JSE. 7 X 9^ D. 2210 a " '* ** JSE. 9 X \b^^ D- 2211 u JSE. 7 X 11 D. 2212 (( ** Tutuila. JSE. 7 X ^% d! 2213 it heavy, varnished figures. 11)^ X U D. 2214 ii '' " *' '* on white. 9>^ X 12 D. 2215 a »< U U ii it J3£^ 9>^ X 10^ D. 2216 <( *' " ** '* JSE. 8>^ X 9 D. 2217 u '' " ^* '* on white. JSE. 8 X 10 D. 2218 li '' all over. Com. L. Kempff . U.S.N. 5^ X 8^ D. 2219 n heavy, varnished all over. JSE. 6^ X 9 D. 2220 n JSE. 7 X 9 D. 2221 (( heavy, figures on white. Tutuila. JSE. 53^ X 8 D. 2222 (( ** triangular pattern. JSE. 5}^ X 7>4 D. 2223 n '* figures on white. JSE. lyi X 8 D. 2224 il *' JSE. 5>4 X 9>^ D. 2225 ii " JSE. ^% X 9 D. 2226 ii '' all dark. JSE. 5^ , X 8i< D. 2227 ii '* figures on white. JSE* 6 X 8 D. 2228 li ^' JSE. 5 X 7 D 2229 ii '' on brown. JSE. 5 X 6>^ d; 2230 ii white screen or curtain, double. JSE. 6^ X 11 D. 2231 it tainamu or mosquito curtain. JSE , D. 2232 ii pulou or head-covering. JSE. 22 in . X 13 19, MR. 2179 it tiputa worn by young girls. JSE. 19, MR. 2180 ii " wife of Malietoa, made of the leaf of the dwarf fala. JSE. 2950 it dark, varnished. 8 ft. X 81^ ft. 64 2951 2952 2953 2954 2955 2956 2957 2958 2959 2960 2961 2962 2963 2964 2965 3573 2968 2969 2970 2971 1765 1766 1767 1768 1769 1784 1785 1996 2027 2028 Mat tiputa, white, fringed. 8 in. x 16 ft. " leathery, dark-red, yellowish underneath. Marquesas Ids. C. 9 ft. X 7 25, KR. " " red painted, black vine. Hawaiian? HG. 4 X 41^ 25, KR. (( brown figures on white. 614 X 9 D. (( (( (( (( (( 4 X 7 D. (( white with fine black rulings. 4 X 6i< D. (( (( (( (( (( u 33^ X 5/3 24, , KR. (( brown figures. 5 X 8 D. il '* and yellow figures 6^ X 8^ D. n " figures. 6}4 X 824 D. u tiputa or malo, white with black spots. 2 X 122^ D. (( white with brown figures. [J. D. Strong.] 92/3 X 11 D. (( u u n n 9 X 9 D. u a n n n 514 X lys D. (( (( (( u u 524 X 7)6 D- serrate border. ^% X h% 19, MR. (( malo, white with brown figures Aj4 X 10 D. u U U (( U (( 1^3 X 12i< D. u lavalava or pulou, fringed. JSE Ays X 18 D. (( jacket or coat, brown. 19, MR. Gbol la or bark cloth for malo. Kai, New Guinea. MR. Po Kela , New Guinea. MR. Obo ^' ^ '' Nakwin " ' " Gi '' Mai " New Guinea. Fan made of kapa. " Bukaua, New Guinea. MR. '* Jabin, New Guinea. MR. cloak " " '' MR. decorated. Poom, New Guinea. MR. malo, decorated. Siassi, Low Ids. MR. Fiji Ids. C. 4, EH. Masi or kapa used as a turban. Fiji Ids. JSE. HG. 4, EH. 2, EH. 65 Na Moena — Mats. The Hawaiian mats in this collection are made of the leaves of Hala [Pandanus odoratissimus\ stems of the Makaloa [Cyperus laevigatus\ of the Akaakai '[Scirpics lacustrisy, to these may be added in the Samoan collection Faupata [Boehmeria Harveyi\ Fau or Hau [Paritium tiliaceum\, the latter common in the Micronesian mats, Banana fibre, New Zealand Flax [Phormimn sp.], and rattan [Cala- mus rotang] , of Malayan sleeping mats. In the Hawaiian dwelling of the better class, the floor was made of small stones and if not entirely covered, at least a raised portion used as a bed and called Hikiee was covered with several layers of mats, those of coarser texture at the bottom and fine hala mats on top, or perhaps a choice makaloa. Hala mats were again used as tables [2583, KR. 15] , or convenient surfaces on which to dry seeds, fruits or plants, and finally mats were used for canoe sails, le pea» Tribute was paid in mats, and they formed no inconsiderable portion of a man's wealtH. In Samoa mats, le lalaga, ie taua, ie sinUy ie ula, etc., were used for dress as well as to sleep on [Falamoe] and the finer kind were reserved for presents. In Micronesia the pandanus mats are beau- tifully ornamented with strips of hau dyed black or brown, and serve for garments. For this use they are small, but a similar one was sent as a present to Kamehameha V. which measured .8 x 10 ft. A still finer kind is used exclusively for garments of the women and is woven on a rude loom; all others mentioned in this catalogue are hand woven or braided. The leaves of the hala are carefully selected, scraped and split into strips of suitable width which are rolled up and kept for the weaver. The width of the strip varies from \}^ in. for the coarse floor or bed mats to }i in. for those placed on top of the hikiee. Leaves dried in the sun were browner than those dried by the fire and this difl'erence in shade is used with good effect in many mats [2582, KR. 15] . The hala tree is far less common than formerly on these islands. No attempt has ever been made to plant it, and plantation clearing, forest fires, and some unexplained disease have made material for mats scarcer and dearer than twenty years ago. The makaloa mats were made chiefly on Niihau, although the makaloa grows on Oahu and other islands as well, and those with colored patterns, moena pawehe, were seldom, if ever, made else- 66 where. The fine mats can only be plaited while the sedge is young, hence the time of working is limited to a few months each year, and it is certain that the largest mats of this kind in this collection must have been in the makers hands seven or ©ight years. The red por- tion is from the lower stem. These mats are still rpade, but the makers are fast dying out, and the younger generation of females' does not take kindly to such continuous work. It has been not a little puzzling to know where to draw the line between mats proper and mat-work used mainly for other purposes. For example, the fine mats from Ruk and the Marshall Islands are used as garments, the makaloa was plaited into malos for the chiefs, baskets or kits were simply mats folded or stitched together. Hawa- iian pillows are only lauhala mats with three instead of two dimen- sions, fans are generally mat-work, and some Samoan mats can hardly be distinguished from New Zealand cloaks except by slight difference in form. However, without adopting a rigid rule, fans, pillows and baskets have been relegated to the division of household utensils, mats that can only be used as portion of a garment to the Island or Group from which they originate. By this means, al- though the collection of mats will seem much smaller than it really is, repetition will be avoided, and all will be found in the subsequent part of this Catalogue containing the specimens from Micronesia, Melanesia and non-Hawaiian Polynesia. The mats demand more study then has yet been given them. Some of those from the western Islands show great ingenuity in joining leaves without braiding; the pleasing alternation of two colors is noteworthy in the work of the Gilbert Islanders and the elegant designs from the looms of Ruk deserve attention. Examples of the looms on which these hibiscus and banana fibre mats are woven are to be found among the Micronesian collections. 2550 Moena Niihau, plam. Niihau Mat. 9>^ ft.x 14^ ft. D. 2551 '* u ii 7 X 10 . D. 2552 ** ** '' 7>^ X 10 D. 2553 '' '' '' very old. 6)4 x 12^^ D. 2554 '' '' pawehe. W. P. Leleiohoku Collection. J SE. 9>^ X isy2 13, KR. 2555 ** ** ** '' '' JSE. 7)i X 7y2 10, KR. 67 2556 Moena Niihau, pawehe. Niihau Mat. JSE. 734 ft. X 914 ft. 9, KR. 2557 '' '' '* Given by Kekauonohi to Mrs. Rooke the mother of Queen Einma. 2558 " '' '* 2559 ** '' ** 2560 '' '' '' 2561 2562 '' *' " 2563 ** '' '' 2564 '' '' ** 2565 ** '' '' 2566 2567 '' '* '' 2568 " '* '* 2569 '' '' " 2570 2571 2572 '* 2573 " ** '' 2574 2575 2576 '' ** '* 2577 '' " '* 2578 *' " ** 2579 " " " 2593 ** *' *' 2587 '' '' plain. 2588 2589 2590 ** ** ** 13 X 24 1-3, KR. \Oyi X 15 5, KR. \Ofi X 10^3 10, KR. fi>^ X 7}i 7, KR. . \^y2 X 26 D. 6^ X 7^8 7, KR. checkered, papa konane. 11 X 131^ 13, KR. triangular figures 6 X 9 13, KR. 7/2 X ^% 13, KR QE. \?,% X 2714 13, KR. zigzag lines. 7^ x 15i^ 14, KR. fine. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 6K X 9>^ 14, KR. 6^ X 9X H, KR. lettered. HG. 6 x 7 15, KR. stripes and zigzags. 6 X 7 7, KR. " 5)4 X 9 D. " 6 X 10 D. Largest in the collection. wy^ X 30>^ 3, KR. triangular figures. 9 X 11 3, KR. 7^ X 11^ 3, KR. ly X1014 3, KR. 6>^ X 8>^ 2, KR. 71^ xH 2, KR. old. 7 X 10 D. 6>^ X 9^ D, Kamehameha 1. Very old and soft. 10>^ x20 9, KR. 4>^ X 7 D. QE. 5 X 6J4 D. 68 2600 Moena Niihau malo, used only by chiefs. 2601 2580 2581 2582 2583 2586 2591 2598 2599 2602 2603 2782 2783 2784 2785 2786 2787 2788 2789 2790 2791 2584 2585 2594 2595 2596 2597 1485 1510 2780 2781 1808 lauhala. Pandanus mat; fine. 4^ Very old. QE. 3, KR. 3, KR. X 7}{ 10, KR. X Uyi 3, KR. 7}4 X 10 16, KR. " " coarse, for dining purposes. 3 X '28^ 15, KR. " " diagonal stripes. 4^ X 6 D. " " 8 X 181^ D. 7 X 1 1 }4 D. " " 8 X 10^ D. Hinano, R. A. Lyman, Jr., Kapoho, Puna, Hawaii. 8 9 8 9 4 43^ fine. Qyi beautifully woven border. 5 old. sleeping mat. X 8/3 X 9 X lOi^ X 10 X 11/3 X 10 xl-i/ X 6 X 5/ X 9 9, KR. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. " fine. QE. " akaakai. Rush mat. 5 2)4 6 8 7 10 7 X X X X 6J^ 8/ 5 6 X 10 X 8^ X 20 X 9/ New Zealand D. D. 9, KR. 9, Km. D. D. D. D. C. Tapore or mat to cover a Maori oven. 41, MR. Porera or sleeping mat. New Zealaad. C. D. Mat for floor. Rotuma. JSE. 6/ x 10 D. 6J^ X 10>^ D. Sleeping mat. New Guinea. . C. 69 3215 Mat hala with hau trimming. Covert's Id., 1839. 2bj4 in. X 2614; in. D. " hau fibre, knotted fringe, red and blue beads. Tonga. C. 3 ft. X 5 ft. D. *' pandanus bordered with hau. Marshall Ids. 6 X 6 D. 3218 (( C( (( . cc Marshall Ids. 51^ X 6 D. 3219 (i i( cc cc Marshall Ids. 6 X 6 D. 3220 (( c( cc cc Marshall Ids. 5>4 X bj4 D. 3221 (( cc cc cc Marshall Ids. 5>^ X 6 D. 3222 (( cc cc cc Marshall Ids. 6 X 6 D. 3223 cc cc cc cc Marshall Ids. 6 X 6 D. 3224 Cl cc c» cc Marshall Ids. 3 X 3 HG. D. 3225 (i cc cc cc Marshall Ids. 3 X 3 HG. D. 3226 (i cc cc cc • Majuro, Marshall Ids. C. 234 X 2^ ♦ D. 3227 (( cc cc iC Marshall Ids. 234 X 23^ * D. 3228 (( cc cc cc Marshall Ids. 2S/s X 23yi * JSE. D. 32f9 t( cc cc cc Marshall Ids. 27yi X 27yi * JSE. D. 3230 n cc cc tc Marshall Ids. 234 X 2^ * JSE. D. 3231 it ic cc cc Marshall Ids. 23^ X 2^ « JSE. D. 3232 n cc IC IC Marshall Ids. 234 X 2^ •N- JSE. D. * Worn as 1 garments about the waist; one is adjusted in front then a similar one is fitted behind overlapping, , and both are secured by a 70 3233 Mi 3234 H 3235 t( 3236 (( 3237 (( 3238 (( 3239 M£ 3240 u 3242 (( 3243 k( 3244 (( 3245 ii 3246 (( 3247 (( 3248 u 3249 ii 3260 a 3251 ii 3252 a 3253 it 3254 (( 3255 ii 3256 n pandanu bordered with hau. Marshall Ids. Marshall Ids. 23/s X 2^ Marshall Ids. 23/8 X 2^8 Marshall Ids. 2 X 2 Marshall Ids. 2 X 2 Marshall Ids. ^ys X b/s Black and white checks. Niue. Black and red zigzags. 3?^ X 52/3 5/8 JSE. * D. JSE. * D. JSE. * D. ^10,PG. *IO,PG. * D. JSE. D. JSE. D. X 6ye Man's loin-cloth of banana fibre. JSE. Ruk. 1J< X 5/3 1,MR. Hibiscus fibre, 3 black stripes and border. Kingsmill Ids. C. 13^ X 51^ 2, MR. Hibiscus fibre, 3 black stripes and border. Kingsmill Ids. C. 1>^ X 5 3, MR. Hibiscus fibre, ^3 black stripes and border. Kingsmill Ids. C. * IJ^ X 5 3, MR. Hibiscus fibre, 3 black stripes and borders. Kingsmill Ids. 1/ X b 1, MR. Hibiscus fibre, 3 black stripes and borders. Kingsmill Ids. 1/2x6 D. Hibiscus fibre, 3 black stripes and borders. Kingtemill Ids. 1/ X 6 D. hau. Poncho, plain, two sewed together. Ruk. JSE. ^/s X b/2 Woman's dress. Ruk. HG. 19 in. X 3>^ft D. JSE. 2I>4 X 3>^ D. JSE. 21>^ X 3>^ D. JSE. 24 X 4 D. JSE. 23 X ^H D. JSE. 22/2 X m D. HG. 23 X 3>^ D. 71 3257 Mat hau. Woman's dress. Ruk. HG. 22)^in. x 3j^ft. D. 3258 " '' " " Kingsmill Ids. C. 22 X 3^ D. u u u u 21 X 4 D. « '* ** ** 18 X 3>^ D. " ** Man's scarf, plain. HG. 15 x 7 D. " " " '» QE. 18 X 61^ D. ^' " " " HG. 18 X 6/2 D. " " Woman's dress. Ruk. JSE. 18 x 5 D. Man's lopalop. " JSE. 25 x 5)^ D; Woman's poncho " JSE. 33 x 6 D. " " Man's garment, two mats sewed together. Ruk. • " banana fibre, two mats. Ruk. JSE. 32 x 7 D. " man's lopalop. Ruk. JSE. D. 22>^ X 6^ D. " " " woman's dress, no fringe. Ruk. JSE. 24 X 6 D. " *' " *' fringed. Ruk. JSE. 21 X 6^ 12, PG. a '' lopalop. Ruk. JSE. 14 X 6X 12, PG. (( " JSE. 23 X ^% (( '* poncho for men. 42 X 6 •and lanus, sleeping. Ponape, Caroline Id s. c. l^ft. X 2^ ft. (i " " Caroline Id s. HG. 1/3 X 10 8, PG. (( double, curious structure. 4 X 4 D. (( n It ii ^Y^ X 6^ D. (( two colors. Gilbert Ids. HG. 2 X 1>^ (i sack. " »• HG. \% X 12, PG. t( floor, two colors. " 8}^ X 9^ i( sleeping. Gilbert '' JSE. i% X 4^ i( two colors, longitudinal suture. \% X 6 D. fringed strip, origin unknown. ^ x 11^ D. girl's garment. Gilbert Ids. HG 2^ x5 9, PG. 72 3503 Mat pandanus. Girl's garment. Gilbert Ids. HG. l/3ft. X •i^3ft D 3504 (( (( (( u (( JSE. 1 X zy2 D 3505 a " very fine. 53X X 6 D 3506 (( '* Hawaiian? 5 X 8 D 3507 (I " *' coarse, round. 3^ ft. diameter D 3508 (i hau, fringed. QE. 3J4 X 6 D 5093 t( Niihau, fine texture. 43^ X 6^ D 3510 (( (( 334 X ^H D 3570 le sina. Bed mat Samoa. C. 3^ X 6 D 3571 (i u u u IIQ 3>^ X 6 D 3502 u II li u 23X X 5^ 19.1 KR A PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE OF THE BEENICE PAIHI BISHOP MUSEl OF POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY. PART II. Household Implements, Tools, Amusements, War, Worship, Ornaments, Medicine, Fisheries and Canoes, Relics of Chiefs. HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 1892. The information given in the following pages in regard to the Hawaiian customs and antiquities has been gathered from various sources, but in most cases has been checked by notes made by the compiler during an extended exploration of the Group in 1864-65. At that time there were many natives living who were familiar with the methods and implements of olden times. Many of the high Chiefs were alive and communicated information that they were best able to give. Priests who had officiated in the heiaus of the ancient worship could be refered to, and the old Hawaiian who did not know the name of plant, bird, fish was as rare as now is the middle-aged Hawaiian who knows aught of the lore of his fathers. The limits of a Catalogue forbid extended treatment of antiquarian subjects, and only so much has been written as seemed required to explain the collections. It is well known that the ancient Hawaiian made use of the same implement for very different purposes at different times; thus a broken poi-pounder was converted into a lamp, an ulu- maika was used for a hammer; the stone cup at one time the furnace in which the kahuna burned the spirit of his victim, later became a less dangerous cup to hold the pigment for the tatu^er; a stone club or newa that had laid low many a warrior became in time the sinker for a fisherman's net. Hence it has been necessary for the Curator to use discretion in naming some objects that may not meet the approval of some antiquarians. The most important or obvious use has been selected, and the broken and useless poi-pounder that has been altered into a lamp is classed with lamps, while the newa that without change of form has been made a sinker still ranks with weapons of war. HAWAIIAN HOUSEHOLD IMPLEMENTS. Before describing its contents the house itself deserves attention, Several small models are in the Museum but these are not very exactly made either in form or material. While it is true that the makaainana did not all have good houses to live in, dwelling in caves Or miserable huts, several families often herding together, the houses of the chiefs and well-to-do citizens were by no means uncomfortable, although destitute of much architectural beauty. Even the palace of the King was not an elaborate structure and all looked at some distance like well-trimmed haystacks, from the grass with which they were covered. Fifty years ago Honolulu was, with very few excep- tions composed of such houses. The building of a chiefs house will serve as illustration of all the rest which differed mainly in size and finish. Religious rites which filled so large a part of the daily life of a respectable Poly- nesian had an important part in the building of his dwelling. It is not necessary here to describe them all, but the aspect of the site, what the Chinese calls its ''Fung Suey," was determined by the kahuna. The time for cutting the timber, the kinds to use, as for example opposing rafters must both be of the same wood or the house would be unlucky,r— the sacrifice of a man to place under the main post of the house, and final cutting of the grass over the door, all were occasions for priestly interference and taxation. The dimensions of a native house might be twenty-five fejet wide, twelve feet deep and of a height from four or five feet at the hip to ten or even fifteen at the ridge, according as the high old priestly style or the lower and more modern one was adopted. The corner posts [poukihi] were planted first, set deeply in the earth, or among the stones of the platform on which the better houses were built; the other posts of a side were then set at intervals of about three feet, and when the posts of front and back were complete the plates [lokelau] were bound firmly with coconut cord to grooves already cut in the posts, leaving a slight finger projecting above the plate to engage the fork of the rafter. Thetwo main posts [pouhana] are then raised, and it is under one of these that the human sacrifice was placed in a chiefs house. The ridge-pole [kaupaku] was bound by cord to the notches in the top of the pouhana, and the halekea or upright posts inside the house were set up, if it was large or required partitions. The rafters were put up and carefully marked for length, then taken down and at the top hewn into a knob, at the bottom where it met the post into a fork. When trimmed these were carefully bound to the ridge-pole and the side posts, and then the [kuaiiole] or upper ridge-pole was fastened above. Then the whole building was drawn tightly together by ropes until the ahu or small lath-like sticks were tied on over the whole house. The frame was then ready for the thatch, which might be grass — pili, ki — lai, or cane leaf — Inn A'o according to the taste of the owner; the grass was more durable. There were no windows and the plank door was usually very low, seldom more than five feet, more commonly three feet high. A light fence around the outside completed the dwelling but the owner might not move into it with his family until the priest had uttered the Kuwa or prayer at the cutting of the grass over the door. Within there was little enough in the way of furniture. A raised portion of the gravel floor, the hikie, was covered with mats and was the bed. A small circle of stones in the floor marked the fire place, if the house was in a cool situation, but there was no chimney except sometimes a small hole at one gable. A few calabashes to hold food and clothing, some dishes for pig, dog or fish some huewai or water- bottles, a few rolls of mats and bundles of kapa. That is essentially all the furniture of the ancient Hawaiian. Great pity for him ! says David Malo. In ancient times while the Kapu was still the supreme law of the land, an Hawaiian establishment consisted of at least six distinct houses: — 1. Heiau or house where the family gods resided; women could not enter. 2. Kua or house for beating Kapa. This was the women's workroom. 3. Pea or house where females could retire during their in- firmity. 4. Kua or men's eating house; women could not enter. 5. Aina or women's eating house; men could enter, except priests. 6. Noa or commmon sleeping house, where guests were received. The abolition of the Kapu and Idolatry, and the extinction of kapa-making did away with this multifarious abode, and bringing all together made the house more comfortable even if the promiscuous herding of men, women and children in one room was not condu- cive to morality. A new grass house is cool and comfortable, but it soon gets full of vermin, and from its poor ventilation musty and unwholesome. There are still some "Hale pili" left in out of the way places, but like the kapa-making they belong to a past that can never return- 4235 Small model of Hale pili 30, *MR. 4236 " '' " covered with fern. 30, -MR. Of household implements the Calabash takes first place. The Hawaiians like the Tahitians, Maoris and other Polynesians knew not the art of pottery. They had the clay but not the knowledge, and it is worthy of remark if they truly came from the Asiatic con- tinent, where pottery has been practised from time immemorial, and has attained in ages prior to their supposed emigration a remarkable perfection, they should remember nothing of this important art of their father-land, while the black races of Fiji and the New Hebrides make pots of fair quality and complicated form. Hawaiians 'had, however, a substitute for bowls in the immense fruit of Curcubita maxima, a gourd not native to the Islands, but found cultivated here when the Group was discovered; it was not known on the other groups, nor is its native country known. The hard, woody rind of this gourd was light and durable, serving for containers of food or clothes. A pair of the gourds suspended from the auamo or carrying stick of the Hawaiian served, not thirty years ago, for travelers'trunks, one containing food, the other cloth- ing. They were dried and carefully cleaned, furnished with a cover, which also served as a dish, and a net or koko to hold the cover close and to form handles. P'or the common people these koko were sim- ple nets of coconut fibre or olona, but the chiefs indulged their fancy with kokos of most complicated knotting, many of which arc in this collection. The wood of various trees also furnished material for their most valuable containers. The Bottle gourd [Lagenaria vul- 8 garis] was found on this and other Polynesian Groups. It serves for bottles, and the larger specimens for hula drums. On Niihau the art of decorating the surface of the gourd was much practised. A water-proof glaze was put all over the gourd and the portions that it was desired to stain black were scraped bare, and the gourd sunk in the mud of a kalo-patch. The large umekes of wood were wonderfully well made, and of good form; by far the best specimens of Hawaiian handicraft. They were nearly as round as if turned, but in making no centre was struck. The block was selected, roughly trimmed and soaked for months before working, the outside was finished first and polished, and then the mterior dug out, leaving walls sometimes an inch thick, but often reduced to an eighth. Specimens of these in various stages will be seen in Case 27, MR. Kou [Cordia suhcordata] is the wood most used; Kamani [Calophylliim Inophyllnni] is also a favor- ite, and a single specimen of coconut wood appears in the collection. 408 Pa kii. — Dish for roast pig, with carved figures of Kahahani and Kekuapoi his wife from the collection of H. R. H. Keelikolani. Carved dishes are at present very rare, but in the olden time not uncommon. In the British Museum are several curiously carved, and many other specimens are in foreign collections. Such curious forms would naturally be carried away by curiosity seekers. Among the Maori articles in this Museum is a dish or bowl [1532, Case 39, MR.] supported, by two similar figures, which are peculiar in that they both face in same direc- tion. In the present example the mouths of the figures are large and used to contain salt. Circumference Inches. . Height. Inches. 6, MR. 409 Umeke poi, kou wood, old. 89)4 18>4 A. 14, *MR. 410 kou, modern cover. QE. 83j^ 14 F. 34, *MR. 411 *' QE. 82 \o% B. 8, MR. 412 74 20 A. 6, *MR. 413 ** 72 u% F. 7, ♦MR. 41-4 " Paki's. 72 9>4 B. 26, *MR. 415 kamani with cover, 70j4 10 B. 5, MR. 416 kou. HG. 70 9>^ B. 9, *MR. ♦Indicates that the objects are outside or on top letter refers to the diaeram of form to be found below. the case numbered. The circumference Height. Inches. Inches. 417 Umeke kou egj^ 17 F. 31, *MR. 418 u (( flat bottom. QE. 69)4 6^ H. 9, MR. 419 u (( 68 10 H. 4, *MR. 420 (( (( with ipu cover. 61 14 A. 4, MR. 421 (( (( ** kou " 58^ 7/2 H. 5, MR. 422 (( coconut wood. HG. 5S}4 12 B. 30, *MR. 423 i( kou , very old. &»yi 11>4 A. 6, *MR. 424 (( u 54>4. 9^ H. 7, MR. 425 u (( old. QE. 531^ U A. 5, MR. 426 (( (( '' with cover. f)3>4 121^ A. 7, MR. 427 (( (( 51^ 8i< B. 6, MR. 428 (( (( turned. 48)4 43^ H. 4, MR. 429 (( a old. 48 11 A. 5, *MR. 430 (( 11 JSE. 47 3^ 8 B. 6, MR. 431 u it i7}i 83^ H. 6 ^:^MR. 432 u <( 46}4 4 B. 4 MR, 433 u u turned. 45^ 5 H. 5, MR. 434 '' (( QE. 46>4 5i< H. 4, MR. 435 (( (( old. 44>4 63X B. 9, -MR. 436 (( kamani turned. 42 43^ B. 5 MR. 437 (( kou . QE. 403^ 13/ A. 5 MR. 438 (( (< turned. iOyi 6 B. 5, MR. 439 it (( 37 73^ F. 7 MR. 440 (( a old, polygonal. QE .33^ 93/^ A. 4, MR. 441 u (( Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 48>4 6 B. 30, *MR. 442 (( (( 46>^ 8 H. 4, MR. 443 il u 60 6 H. 6, MR. 444 (( (( 45 5/ H. f) MR. 445 (( (( QE. 421^ 4/ B. 6 MR. 446 (( (( QE. uy^ 33^ B. 4 , MR. 447 u u with cover. 403X 5 C. 4 , MR. 448 (( 11 old, unpolished. 41^ 6/ H. 12 , ^^MR. 449 (( (( a a .39^ 7/ F. D. 450 (( (( a il 42 7^ F. 8 *MR. 451 a u a a S5% 4^ B. 22 MR. 452 u il a a 39)4 4/ B. D. 453 (( u il (( 34K 9/ A. 10 "^MR. 454 u ohia wood. Punaluu > f Kau. JSE. 30 9 A. 4, ♦MR. 10 Circumference. Height. Inches. IncLes. 455 Umeke kou, old, unpolished. ■^^% *y B. 5, *MR, 456 " " turned. .381^ 43^ H. 9, MR. 457 (( U U (( .3.5 3^ D. 7, MR. 458 (( a a (( ■uy^ 4 D. 9, MR. 469 n a a n 3r>}4 51^ B. n, *MR. 460 " " JSE. ^iyi 5 B. D. 461 *' '* melia, turned. 303^ r>y H. 5, MR. 462 (( (( U i( 351^ 4 4, MR. 463 " " eleven-sided. 31 7 4, MR. 464 (( n 30 1^ 5 B. 7, MR. 465 n u ■27 y. 7 A. 9, MR. 466 n n 32^ 33^ D. 7, MR. 467 ^' " olo. 31 3 D. 4, MR. 468 '' turned. 3oy ^y D. 469 " " old, decahedral. •28 x^ sy B. 4, MR. 470 " " " unpolished. 31^ ey A. 7, MR. 471 n a ti ti •29 7y A. 11, *MR. 472 " '' unfinished. •27 Ka ly A. 6, MR. 473 " " ohia, rough, burial cave. 24 7 D. 474 *' " kou, Kanupa eave. JSE. 253^ 6^ D. 475 " olo. QE. 40j^ llj^ L. 4, MR. 476 il (( u 3134 7>^ G. 7, MR. 477 (( il 11 233^ 6^ A. 7, MR. 478 '' " turned. 233^ 6^ A. 7, MR. 479 a (( 22 J4 5>^ F. 7, MR. 480 a n 23 Qy, D. 6, MR. 481 ** '* decahedral. 25 X 5^ 5, MR. 482 (( n 24 7 D. 6, MR. 483 " " old, unpolished. 24 43^ A. 5, MR. 484 (( u 25^ ^H 5, MR. 485 »* '' Kanupa cave. JSE. i^H 6y L. D. 486 '' old, rough. JSE. 2iy 7 D. 487 (( 11 (( (( 351^ 6 H. D. 488 ** " hexahedral. 28>^ 4>^ B. 4, MR. 489 (( ii 29 >4 4 B. 8, MR. 490 '* '' with base, turned. •29 J^ 4 D. D. 491 a ti 34 zy D. 4, MR. 11 ♦ circumference. Height. Inches. Incnes. 492 Umeke kou , cover of kamani. 34^ syi D. 6, MR. 493 u rough. 33 3^ G. 7, MR- 494 " 33>4 23^ B. 7, MR. 495 t( grooved. 30 4 B. 4, MR. 496 (( turned, with base. 29^ 4 H. 7, MR. 497 (( (( 23 4^3 F. 7, MR; 498 t( 25^ 3 H. 6, MR. 499 (( 25% 4 F. 4, MR. 500 t( 29 3^ 501 f( ■■iiy2 4 K. 4, MR. 502 (( 25 4>^ H. 32, *MR. 503 (( 26 J^ 3/2 H. 6, MR. 504 (( 261^ 2>^ 505 pithecolobium, varnished. 263^ 35^ H. 4, MR. 506 koi 1. 26 3;< 507 27/2 4^ B. 6, MR. 508 turned with base. ■2ii% 3 H. 5, MR. 509 20 !< 4K F. 9, MR. 510 21^ 3 B. 7, MR. 511 233^ 23^ H. 9, MR. 512 turned. 19J< 3>< A. 8, MR. 513 19 33^ F. 9. MR. 514 18K 3>^ F. 9, MR. 515 QE. 19>4 33^ B. 4, MR. 516 flat bottom, peculiar shape. 18>^ 4^ 4, MR 51.7 JSE. Heavy bottom 'uy^ 5X A. 5, MR. 518 j( 19X 3J< 0. 6, MR. 519 i( flat bottom. 20^ 3 4, MR. 520 (( turned with base. 2U4 3 B. D. 521 (( u 22 2^ H. D. 522 t( " eaten. 22 2>^ D. D. 523 (( decahedral 231^ 2^ D. 4, MR. 524 (( 24^ 2^ D. 9, MR. 525 (( (( 24^ 2^ D. D. 526 (( turned, perhaps a cover. 22 13/ U. 9, MR. ( rircumference. Height. Inches, Inches. 527 Umeke"kou, turned. 22^ 214 D. D. 528 (i i( i( 22 23-4 B. 9 , MR, 529 (( (i " QE. 22^ 2^ D. 6: , MR. 530. (( •20 2'< F. D. 531 (< u 173^ 2K B. 9, , MR. 532 i<. (( 1«K m B. 9, , MR. 533 u (( \7H 2J4 B. D. 534 (( (( 16>^ 23/< B. 5, MR. 535 (( u polished. 173^ ■2}i H. 5, MR. 536 i( «( 18^ 1^ B. 7, MR. 537 (( u 18J^ ^H H. 5, MR. 538 (( u 20 4>^ H. 4, MR. 539 (< pithecolobium. QE. 22 2^ B. 8, MR. 540 (( old, burial cave. 22>^ 314 A. D. 541 u kou with gourd cover. QE. 15 i^ 4 D. 542 u n old burial cave. 25 !< 5^ D. 543 u (( Kanupa cave. JSE • 25:5< 4% B. D. 544 *' u '' JSE . 301^ 4^ H. D. 545 a (( burial 3^^ 4 D. 546 n '' (( 283< i% D. 547 u (( (( 27 M 4/. D. 548 a u hemispherical, flat bottom. 28^ 4K D. 549 a '* - JSE. 24^ 2>4 D. 550 a il " JSE. hemi- ' 1 spherical. 26>4 3^ D. 551 a u old, burial. JSE. 22 2>^ D. 562 a rosewood. QE. 24^ 4^ B. 7, MR. 553 a ohia, rough, thick. 341^ 3i< D. 554 n or ipt ikai, calabash cover. Honoapu, Hawaii. JSE. 34K 41^ B. 8, MR. 560 u kou. 29^ 3 B. 7, MR. 561 (( (t 30>^ 3K B. 7, MR. 562 f (( (( 28^ 2^ B. 7, MR. 563 ({ n ' 29^ 3 B. 4, MR. 564 i( a 25^ 2>^ D. D. 565 (( kamani. 28 3 E. 4, MR. 13 566 Umeke kou 567 (( u 568 (( i( 569 i( ti 570 t( u 571 u u 572 " (( 573 (( (i 574 li *' 575 (i u 576 *' u 577 " »' 578 (< '' 579 i( u 580 (i (( 581 (( '* 582 (t (( 583 <» u 584 (( il 585 (( 11 586 n li 587 (. (( 588 u (( 589 (( i( 590 (1 u 591 (( (( 592 (t (i 593 u (t 594 il (( 595 ^l il 596 (( ii 597 (( 11 598 il 11 599 <( li 600 (( I( 601 11 il 602 t{ 11 603 (( (( Circumference Height Inches Inches 23^ 2>^ E. D. 21J< m E. D. 22>^ 3 E. 6. MR. 221^ m E. '. MR. 23>^ 3 E. D. 22 3 E. ", MR. 221^ 2>^ E. 8, MR. 221^ 2^ E. D. 2->y^ 2^ E. 6, MR. 19 2^ E. 32, MR. 191^ 23^ E. D. 19>^ ■2y2 E. 20, MR. 19^ 1^^ E. 32, MR. 193^ 2/3 E. 32, MR. 19>^ 2^ E. D. 19^ 2^ E. D. 23 23^ D. 14, MR. 22 2 D. 8, MR. turned with foot. 26 2^ H. 8, MR. with cover, turned. 28^ 2/ E. 9, MR. '' 221^ 2>^. E. D. - 22>^ •ly, E. 8, MR. '' 22^ 2/ E. 8, MR. - 22>4 2^ E. D. 22 2>^ E. 8. MR. - 22>^ 2^ E. D. goblet-shaped. H.R. H. Keelikolani. 15>^ by. 6, MR. with cover, turned. 8, MR. ** ** of kamani. 9, MR. octahedral. QE. 4, MR, goblet-shaped. 4, MR, with cover. 8, MR. goblet-shaped. 5, MR. 11 8, MR. 11 9. MR. il 9, MR. 11 9, MR. 11 7, MR. 14 Circumference Inches. . Height. Inches. 604 U. Tieke 1 pithecolobium, with cover varnis jhed. 8, MR. 605 (( li (( (( 8, MR. 606 (( U (( ( i , ind carved. 8, MR. 607 (i (( (( u (( 8, MR. 608 (t (( (t 8, MR. 609 i( kou; flat goblet-shaped. 4, MR. 1049 (( " corrugated. HG. •23 \^% 4, *MR. 1050 (i HG. 20 18X 5, *MR. 1051 (t nenelaau. H. R. H. Ke elikolani. 43^ 4 8, MR. 1052 ti «( ^^}i 4X B. 9, MR. 1053 u kamani. \\V2 4 9, MR. 1054 <( kou HG. 4 D. 1055 (t " HG. 33^ D. 1143 (( laau HG. old. *MR. 2290 It kou. "Kapea" Kameha- meha I. 53 ^Va H. 32, *MR. 2291 It " "Aia iluna" Kame- hameha I. 57 sy2 H. 32, *MR. 2292 (( •' ''Aloha kou"Kame- hameha I. 463^ TVa H. 32, *MR. 3898 (( kou awa. HG. 30 3 B. 4, MR. 4004 t( kou. 23>^ 5>4 A. D. 4005 (( (( 30 534 B. D. 4006 (( t( 38 6% B. D. 3899 «' ** Gourd cover. FornK erly used to contain soft poi for weaned infants or little children. S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. D. 4678 Ipu kou. Bowl with 4 handles. JSE. 8, MR Na Ipu holoilima. — Finger-bowls were always used by the chiefs at meals. The sticky nature of the poi and the greasy nature of roast pig, as they used neither fork nor spoon rendered this very needful after eating, and the community of dishes into which each dipped the hand or at least the finger, made it a desirable custom before partaking of food. The forms of these finger-bowls are various, but most of them have ridges or projections inside to aid in clearing the tenacious poi from between the fingers. Some are 15 large and might serve for wash-bowls, while others are of complex pattern and indicate much refinement in their owners. Fragrant leaves were used as napkins, and sometimes had a compartment of the bowl to contain them. 610 Ipu holoi lima, Diameter inches. kou. 15 6, MR. 611 I (( U>^ 6, MR. 612 i U " decahedral. ■ 16 7, MR. 613 I n Viji 7, MR. 614 I u '* mended with ea. 13^ 7, MR. 615 ( u 12i< 6, MR. 616 ( u '' old. 13^ •% MR. 617 ( a 161^ D. 618 i li '' oval. 13 X 11 6, MR. 619 i 11 '' deep, old. 10 ■i, MR. 620 i n " with two ridges. \\^ 4, MR. 621 i <( '' oval. QE. 12^ X 10 4, MR. 622 i a 10^ X 8 6, MR. 623 i 4 7 MR. Na Pa. — Dishes of wood were made both round and elliptical or elongated. The former served for dried fish, fruits, shell-fish, etc., or as covers for the umeke poi; the long dishes were for fish or roasted dog or pig. 640 Pa kou elliptical. Curiously divided into six compartments 641 circular. 642 t( 643 (( 644 '' JSE. 645 (( 646 " burial cave. 647 '♦ old. 648 " turned. 649 '' old. 650 '* turned. Diameter Inches. Inch es. 27 X 19>^ 4, MR. 18 7, MR. li'A 6, MR. 14 6, MR. u% 7, MR. 12>^ 7, MR. 11 , 7, MR. loy^ 7, MR. 10i< 7, MR. io>^ 6, MR. 10 8, MR. 17 Circumference. Inches, 651 Pa kou circular, burial cave. 8^ D. 652 (t ** Kanupa cave. 7>^ D. 653 (t '* rosewood, turned. QE. 8 4, MR. 654 (( u a a QE 6X 5, MR. 655 it a 5 4, MR. 656 (t oval, old. 27^ X 15 D. 657 u '' rough. JwSE. 26>^x 13J4 7, MR. 658 (( (( 24 X 141^7, MR. 659 (( (( 2li^X 13^7, MR. 660 (( (( 16^x 12>^ 5, MR. 661 (( (( 14^x 113^4, MR. 662 t( *' old, cracked. 29 X 9 D. 663 (t '* koa. JSE. 26 X 934 D. 664 (( <( 19^ X 7>^6, MR. 665 Pa koa . elliptical. 19>^x 5^4, MR. 2293 (( circular. Kamehameha I. 15>4 32, *MR. 2294 (( (( (( 14 32, *MR. 2295 u (( (( 12 32, *MR. 4007 (i Kanupa cave. JSE. 11>^ D. 4008 (( *' HG. 10^ D. 4009 (( '* rough. \jy. D. 729 it inamona. Sauce dish. 7 4, MR. 1213 Oval wooden bowl with four legs. 24^x18 10, MR. 1214 t( (( (( ii n 31 x24)4 8, *MR. 1215 (( «» a a a Q£ 4014x201^ 15, *MR. 1216 kt (i (( t( (( 32i/xl9a< 12, *MR. 728 Pa. Meat dish with attachment for salt. QE. 6, MR. Kanoa Awa. — Awa bowls of the Hawaiians departed from the form with four legs common in the southern 'groups [Example in Case 19, MR,] and were little different from the umeke poi. In fact awa drinking, although common on these Islands, never was attended by the formalities always observed in Samoa and Fiji. 18 Circumference. Height. Inches. Inches. 555 Kanoa awa, kou H. R. H. Keelikolani. 41 4 8, MR. 556 '* '* 42^ 4>^ 8, MR. 557 '' " 49 4^ 7, MR. 558 *' '' 47^ 5i< 5, MR. 559 '' *• 31>^ 4 7, MR. 4142 Kanana awa. Gourd strainer to remove the fibre from the chewed awa root. 8, MR. Less expensive than the elaborate wooden umekes were those of gourd, ipu, from which the later wooden utensil takes its form and one of its names. Two members of the gourd family were utilized^ the bottle gourd, Lagenaria vulgaris, and the larger gourd, Curcu- bita maxima. The former is found in most tropical countries cul- tivated or naturalized, while the latter was not known to the other Polynesians before the advent of white men, both being found on this group at the time of the discovery by Cook. Many of the bottle gourds whether used for umekes or bottles [Hi^twai] were decorated by figures in the orange color of the fruit brought out by a black ground. The fruit of the large gourd was use as a receptacle for clothes perhaps more frequently than for poi. Diameter. Height. Inches. Inches 1063 Umeke pawehc. Decorated gourd u>4 10, MR. 1064 (( \i}{ 10, MR. 1066 t( 123^ 11, MR. 1066 (( 13 11, MR. 1067 »i HG. 12^ 10, MR. 1068 tt QE. 103^ 10, MR. 1069 (( QE. 12^ 10, MR. 1070 (( 11>4 10, MR. 1071 t( 10>^ 10, MR. 1072 tt N. Kona Hawaii. JSE. ^Va 10, MR. 1073 (( Niihau. JSE. m 10, MR. 1074 It (1 JSE. T% 10, MR. 1084 (( m/. 7 il. MR. 1075 plkin with cover and koko. 13 9 11, . MR. 1076 u goblet-sh aped. 11 9)4 11, MR. 1092 tt 8 8^ 11, MR. 19 3923 Umeke, plain, cover and koko. HG. D. 3924 it - HG. D- 3925 (t '* ipu, cover and koko. HG. D. 3926 (( <( {< {( it D. 3927 (( '* *' smaller, with peculiar koko. D. 3928 (( (( (( (( D. 3956 Ipu. Gourd bowl. D. 3957 a ({ (( D. 3958 it (( 11 D. 3959 ti (( (i D. 3960 (1 (( (i D. 3961 <( (( (( D. 3962 n (( u D. 3863 i( (( (( D. 3864 t( (( (( D- 3965 3966 bowl. 9, D. MR. 3967 (( (( D. 3968 (( n D. 3971 (( n D. 3972 11 (I 12, MR. 8973 (I n 12, MR. 3974 (I (( 12, MR. 3975 (( (( 12, MR. 3976 it (( 12, MR. 3977 it a 12, MR. 3969 Calabash bowl (not ipu) 3970 (( " cut lengthwise. 12, MR. 1085 Ipu. Diameter. Inches. Gourd cover or dish. 16 11, MR. 1086 i( 15>4 11, MR. 1087 it U>4 11, MR. 1088 »( 14J4 n, MR. 1089 (( JSE. 15 11, MR. 1090 (( 12i< 11, MR. 1091 (( 10}^ 11, MR. Other covers are on the calabashes for which they were made. 3978 Gourd covers or dishes. D. 3979 " '' D. 20 D. D. D. 9, MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. 8, MR. 9, MR. Na Huewai or gourd water-bottles were formerly in universal use Those with a long neck, or of unusual size were for home use, while the short-necked, globular ones were for the use of travelers. There were still other forms used by fishermen. For stopples a Terebra shell or a neatly folded palm or hala leaf served well. 3980 Gourd cover. 3981 a (( 3082 u u 3083 It n 3984 (< it 3985 (( a 3986 (( n 3987 (( (( 3988 (( u 3989 (( ' (( 3990 (( u 3991 (< " JSE. 3992 u " JSE. 3993 (( " JSE. i093 Huewai. JSE. 1094 HG. 1095 1096 1097 S 1098 1099 1100 short neck. HG. 1101 JSE. 1102 Puna, Hawaii. JSE 1103 JSE. 1104 short neck, koko. 1105 Kanupa cave. JSE. 1106 " JSE. 1107 small, no neck. 1108 Kanupa cave. JSE. 1109 '* JSE. 1110 1111 pueo. Hawaii. JSl 12, MR. 13, MR. 14, MR. 13, MR. 12, MR. u. MR. 12, MR. 14, MR. 11, MR. 11, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 13, MR. 13, MR. 13, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 10, MR. 12, MR. 21 1112 Huewai pueo. 1113 tt 1114 11 1115 '' small. QE. 1116 conical. JSE. 1117 H. R. H. Keelikolani. 1118 (( 1119 ** large. 1139 small. 1264 pueo, light color. 3929 with koko. HG. 3930 Kanupa cave. JSE. 3931 3932 3933 with koko. HG. 3934 (( K 3935 short neck. 3936 ** HG. 3939 (i (( 3940 with koko. HG. 3941 mua. HG. 3942 pueo. 3943 " and koko. 3944 (( 3946 (( 3946 it 3947 side orifice. HG. 3996 pueo with koko. 1120 pawehe, decorated. QE. 1121 (i 1122 .i 1123 <( 1124 " QE. 1125 " QE. 1126 " conical. 1127 " QE. 1128 " HG. 1129 " H. R, H. Keelikolani, 1130 (< i( (( 1131 " OE. D. D. D. 9, MR. 12, MR. 11, MR. D. 15, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. 13, MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D' D. D. D. 11, MR. 13, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. U, MR. 14, MR. 14, MR. 14, MR. 13, MR. 22 1132 1133 1134 1135 1136 1137 1138 1078 Huewai pawehe. JSE. HG. pueo. QE. Niihau. Diameter Inches. Height Inches. 12, MR. 13, MR. 13, MR. 9, 'MR. n. MR. flat. made by Naaumokohi of Kapaalaea. JSE. Ipu for carrying food or clothing, with covers.* MR. 12, MR. 17 10, MR. 15 10. MR. 11>^ 11. MR. 14 13, MR. 16>^ 13, MR. 7 15, MR. 18 1079 " 17 1080 ** 15>^ 1081 *' 15 1082 *' 17 1083 '* without cover. I9j4 To carry these gourds [or other similar burden] poles were used made of some tough wood, slightly curved and notched at the end. The section was generally, if not always circular, and not well fitted to rest easily on the shoulder: hence a bearer was known by the callus formed at the point of contact. 144 Auamo, Aumaka or Mamaka kii of kauila wood carved with two human heads at each end. Made by Kipola during the reign of Kamehameha III. JSE. Inches Long. 145 Auamo kii. Two heads at each end. QE. 146 '' " A head and three teeth at each end JSE. 147 ** ulei wood South Kona, Hawaii. JSE. Three notches. 148 '' kauila, one notch. JSE. 149 '' koa ancient. JSE. 1 50 '* guava, made by Kapela of Keauhou, Kona Hawaii, JSE. 151 ** ulei. Two notches at each end. JSE. 152 ** kauila. QE. 153 '* ulei. Kau, Hawaii. JSE. 154 '' JSE. 4164 Hook of wood, used to hang ipus on. JSE. 72>^ 97>^ 5, *MR. 13, *MR. 69 9, *MR. 41 D. 45 12, MR. 49 D. 371^ D. 62 12, MR. 61^ 15, MR. 44>^ 15, MR. 43>^ D.- 8, MR. 23 671 Oleole kau ipu. There was no such thing as a meat-safe in the economy of an ancient Hawaiian house, and to pre. serve food from pigs, dogs and rats it was necessary to suspend the ipus that contained it beyond their reach. Usually a pole was fixed in the floor of the lanai and to the top was fitted a notched cross bar from which a number of ipus might be hung. QE. 11, MR. 672 Oleole kau ipu; larger and very old. JSE. 11, MR. 673 Club of kawau wood; larger at each end, called by the natives from whom it was procured "laau kui kope" a coffee- huller. The ends do not seem to be sufficiently worn to support this use, but no other use is suggested. JSE. 11, MR. 1-2, MR. 13, MR. D. D. 1 140 Ipu hokeo pawehe. A container for clothes. 1141 " " very thick, curious lid. HG. 3949 " " HG. 3950 " '' QE. These, as well as the following class were used to carry kapas on canoe voyages where they were liable to a wetting. The Hinai poepoe were ipus, or in some cases wooden umekes over which was closely worked a net of the aerial roots of the ieie [Freycinetia Aniotti]. These roots are tough, flexible and durable: they are called ie. So firmly are they woven, and so lasting the fibre, that often long after the ipu has been broken or has rotted away the bas- ket remains and is often used as a fish basket. 1403 Hinai poepoe. Gourd, covered. JSE. 15, MR. 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 3889 3890 JSE. 14, MR. '* no cover. 24 in. high. 15, MR. '' covered. Kuamoo, S. Kona Hawaii, JSE. ll,*MR. '' *' coarse texture. JSE. 12, *MR. No gourd • 12, *MR.. '* oblate spheroid. HG. For clothes. 14, MR. kou, very fini^, no cover. 15, MR. '* complete. 15, MR. 24 1230 Ipu for filling water-bottles. Hour-glass shape. 15 MR. 1231 " " " " Scoop shaped, dark colored. 15 MR. 4237 " " " " " " 15 MR. 1218 IpU kui Small wooden mortar or trough. 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 4078 Inches Wide. Inches Long. ^Ya 24^11 Inches Diameter. Inches High. " Wooden, old and decayed. Poho kui kope? JSE. *' large stone. Used for drugs? Kauai. JSE. UVa MR. 10, MR. 11)4 7>4 10, MR. stone, well-made; found by G. H. Dole, Kauai. 'Jyi 714: 10, MR. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 61^ 13>4 11, MR. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 8 8 10, MR. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 7^ 81/ 11, MR. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 7 6X 10, MR. spherical. G. H. Dole, Kauai. IVa 4^ 11, MR. large, shapeless. HG. 15 7>4 13, MR. for grinding awa. The bottom worn through. H. M. Liliuokalani. 12, MR. These mortars were used to crush kukui nuts for the oil and in the preparation of inamona or sauce, and generally whenever a grinding process was required. The preparation of poi, a most laborious process, fell to the lot of the men. The implements, which were an important part of the house-furnishing, were a shallow trough of some hard wood, and stone pestles of various shapes. On Kauai the perforated or ring form, and the earlier and rarer stirrup form were preferred, the con- ical with a knob and convex base being used on the other islands. 25 4079 Pohaku kui poi. Poi pounder; weighs 1 0/2 lbs 36 *MR. 4080 i (( HG. 36 *MR. 4081 t n H. R. H. Keelikolani. 36 *MR. 4082 I (( 36, *MR. 4083 ( (( 36 *MR. 4084 ( u H. R. H. Keelikolani. 36 *MR. 4085 ( u 36 *MR. 4086 ( if 36 *MR. 4087 ( t( JSE. 20 MR. 4088 ( n 20 MR. 4089 I n JSE. 20 MR. 4090 I a JSE. 20, MR. 4091 i <( malut 20 MR. 4092 < (( malu. 21 MR. 4093 ( (( malu. 36 , MR. 4094 ( n coral rock. 20, MR. 4095 I (( 20 MR. 4096 ( (( JSE. 20 , MR. 4097 ( u JSE. 20 MR. 4098 i (( JSE. 20 MR. 4099 ( (( 20 MR. 4100 ( (t malu. 20 MR. 4101 t ii n 20 MR. 4102 ( u u 20 MR. 4103 ( (( il 20 , MR. 4104 ( {( ** lime crust. 20 , MR. 4105 ( (( oval section. 20 , MR. 4106 ( (( D. 4241 < (( 18 , MR. 4107 ( u ivory. This was probably used tc pound medicinal drugs, as vory was pr eferred for that purpose. 33 , MR. 4108 i U t stirrup-shaped. G. H . Dole, Kau 20 ai. , MR. 4109 i it (( (( (i 20 MR. 4110 t n i( (( n 20 MR. 4111 ( (( it it it 20 MR. t Small pohaku kuis used to avoid betraying to the chief that food was being prepared, lest he levy a contribution. They were also carried when journeying. 26 4112 4113 4114 4115 4116 4117 4118 4119 4120 4121 4122 4123 4124 4125 4126 4127 4128 4129 4130 4131 4132 4133 4134 4135 4136 4137 4138 4139 4140 4239 4240 4225 4226 4227 4228 4229 Pohaku kui poi. Stirrup-shaped. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 20, MR. " " " " two horns at top. G. H. Dole. 20 " conical-shaped. G. H. Dole. 20 " coral rock. 20^ " stirrup-shaped. 20, " pohaku puka, signet ring-shaped. 37 puka. HG. Ring-shaped. JSE. JSE. H. M. Liiiuokalani. signet-shaped. kui. peculiar. G. H. Dole, puka. Papa kui poi; small for a single pounder, pounds at each end. 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 20 20^ 20, 20, 20, 20 20, 20, 20, 20 20, 18 18, MR. MR. MR. MR. *MR. *MR. *MR. *MR. ^MR. *MR. *MR. *MR. *MR. *MR. *MR. *MR. ^Mfl. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. MR. Usually a man Papa kui poi. Double. in. long;. 343^ 65 60 57 48 16>^ 23>^ 24 24 16 20, MR. 20, *MR. D. D. D 27 4230 Papa kui poi, rough trough, weatherworn. 36 in. long by 6 in. wide. D. Coconuts have furnished in their hard and durable shell capital cups or bowls and have been utilized by all people living within the range of this most useful palm. On the Hawaiian Islands, where the coconut cannot be said to thrive, it is so near its northern limit, the fruit is small and not abundant. Of late years the larger varie- ties of the southern islands have been introduced, and very fine bowls made from the nut. These are chiefly used at feasts to contain in- dividual portions of poi. Coconut shells also are the orthtidox cups for awa drinking all through the Pacific. 4145 Coconut cup, turned koa base, ipu cover. Dark nut. Umeke poi. coconut cover. ' ipu " ' no cover. ' 4146 " ko 4147 4148 4149 4150 4151 4152 4153 4154 4155 4156 4252 4157 scalloped edge 4158 4159 4160 4161 4162 4163 4165 4166 4167 4168 4169 ipu cover. Light nut. 9, 9, " 9, " 9, " 9, wrought coconut base and cover. 10, MR. Coconut cup, scalloped edge, wrought coconut base. «, MR. «, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 9, MR. 9, MR. 9, MR. 9, MR. 9, MR. Umeke poi, coconut, ipu cover. 10, MR. 10, MR. 10, MR. 10, MR. 10, MR. D. D. D. D. D. D, 28 41 70 Umeke poi, coconut. 4171 '' ** scalloped. 4172 4173 4174 4175 4176 4177 4178 4179 4180 4181 '' '' JSE. 4182 " '' large. 4183 '' '' pointed. 4184 4185 '' '' light. 4186 4187 4188 " " •* 4189 ** 4190 '' *' '* 4191 4192 4193 " '' 4194 " " *' 4195 '* " dark. 4196 *' " light. 4197 " '' 4198 " '' '' 4199 " ** '' 4200 ** ** ** JSE. 4201 ** 4202 ** '' dark, scalloped. 4203 '^ '' light. 4243 '* " dark. 4244 '* *' '* 4245 4250 ** '' ** 4251 D. D, D D. D. D. D D. D, D. D. D. 34, MR, 34, MR, 34, MR, 34, MR. 34, MR, D D. D. D. D. D, D. D. D' D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. i D. 29 4204 4205 4206 4207 4208 4209 4210 4211 4212 4213 4214 4215 4216 4269 Coconut cup, common apu niu. Apu niu, polished. apu awa. Cups for drinking awa were of three forms; the common nut, the end of a very small nut, — this was most used; half a cut lengthwise, — a form reserved for the kahunas and called olo 4217 4218 4219 4220 4221 4222 4223 4224 4270 4271 4272 4273 4274 4275 165 674 4234 4276 Olo awa, Awa cup. JSE. JSE. JSE. JSE. light. HG. dark. HG. Apu awa, small awa cup. JSE. (( " JSE. Ooma pu niu, Coconut ladle [Kiaha au loihi] . Hawaii. JSE. with handle. Ooma pu niu. Coconut ladle [Kiaha au loihi]. Hawaii. JSE. with handle. Ooma pu niu, Coconut ladle HG. S. Kona, JSE. with handle. Ooma pu niu, Coconut ladle HG. S* Kona, JSE. with handle. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. 12, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 12, MR. 8, MR. mon half alf a nut d olo. D. D. D, D. 8. MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8. MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. 8, MR. D. S. Kona, D. S. Kona, 6, MR. H awaii. 6, MR. Hawaii. 6, MR. 30 Where kalo did not abound, as in Puna, Hawaii, sweet-potato' was used in its place to make poi, and as the tenacity of kalo poi was wholly wanting, this substitute could not easily be eaten with the fingers and a spoon was required, simply a segment of coconut shell. 1233 Kioe palau, Coconut spoon for palau. JSE. 14, MR. 1234-1240 Kioe palau. JSE. 1241-1242 1243-1246 '' JSE. 4277-4286 " D. 4231 Kanana pu niu. Coconut strainer for awa etc. The "eyes" are left open. 8, MR. 4232 Kanana pu niu. Coconut. 8, MR. 164 Palau kohi ai. A stick used to cut the leaves [huli] from kalo. JSE. u, MR. 1178 Palau kohi ai. uhiuhi wood. 14, MR. 1179 " ohia wood. u, MR. 1180 Laau palau, kauila. Mixing stick for potato poi. 8, MR. 1181 " uhiuhi. 8, MR. 170 koaie. JSE. 8, MR. 171 JSE. 8, MR. 1057 " kou. H. M. Liliuokalani. 9, MR. 1058 QE. 9, MR. 1059 t( <( 8, MR. 1060 " uhiuhi, long and narrow. 8, MR. 1061 " kauila. 9, MR. 1062 9, MR. 1257 Diameter Inches. Pa pohaku, sandstone dish ? from Kailua, Hawaii. 13 12, MR. 1258 Pa pohaku, lava, circular. 6 13, MR. 1259 " poho kui poi malu ? JSE. 12, MR. 1 161 Pa inamona, sauce dish, coconut shell. Cave at Honomalino, Hawaii. JSE. 7, MR. Common sauce dishes were simply a slice from the end of a coconut. 4287 Pa inamona, fancy, coconut basket. 8, MR. 4288 " " " "> 8, MR. 4289 " '' '' " HG. 8, MR. 31 4290 Pa inamona, plain dish. . 8, MR. 4291-95 " '' 8, MR. 4253 Bowl made of the Seychelles or twin coconut coco-de-mer. 4254 Bowl made of the Seychelles or twin coconut [Lodoicea Sechellarum] These bowls are Inches Long. 11 Inches Wide. 7X HG. 14, MR. 12 7 HG. U, MR Although acquainted with the rotary drill for boring, the Hawai- ians do not appear to have used the Fire-drill, but obtained fire by the Plow. A small stick, the aulima, is held m the hand and rub- bed in a groove in a larger stick, aunaki. The aulima is of some hard wood while the aunaki is of hau or some soft wood. In five seconds the rubbed wood is charred, and in about a minute the dust which collects at the bottom of the groove ignites, and the flame is caught on a bit of tinder, or a welu ahi composed of twisted kapa or cotton cloth. The action of rubbing is called hia. 1158 Fire-sticks . JSE. D. 1159 a QE. 14, MR. 1160 n HG. 14, MR. 1161 a JSE. 14, MR. 1162 it JSE. D. 4246 Welu ahi. Ball of tinder cord, Cotton cloth. JSE. 14, MR. 4247 (( " kapa JSE. 14, MR. Rats and mice have always been a pest on the Hawaiian Islands; and the old Hawaiian, before the introduction of cats, used a bow and arrows to destroy them. It is curious that knowing the prin- ciple of the bow they never used it as a weapon of offense, nor de- veloped it beyond a very feeble instrument only suited to the killing of **rats and mice and such small deer." 1 62 Pana iole and Pua iole. Bow and arrow for shooting mice. Made by Kapela of Keauhou, Hawaii. The string is olona, the arrow the flower-stalk of sugar-cane tipped with kauila. JSE. 15, MR. 32 163 Pana iole and Pua iole. Bow of mulberry wood. Made and used for many years by Kapulupulu of Kawaihae- uka. JSE. l5, MR. 164 Ohe puhi ahi. Bambu used by old Kapulupulu to blow his fire. JSE. 14, MR. A curious contrivance was in use to protect the house from in- vasion. No locks were known and a bar would offer little protec. tion as it could be removed from without through the thin wall. A heavy stone was suspended over the door in such a way that a per- son entering after the trap was set would probably be crushed by the fall. 4077 Pohaku pepehi kanaka. Door Stone. HG. 11, MR. Of the five Kahu alii or personal attendants of an Hawaiian Moi the Ipukuha or Spittoon was the most trustworthy. The very life of the king was endangered if he should prove remiss in duty and allow even the smallest portion of the royal spittle to fall into the hands of an enemy. The instrument he carried, and from which he got his name, was a small box or bowl carved from some choice wood, and in the darkness of night he must empty the daily accumulation into the sea, or should the court be on a journey in- land, he must with the utmost secrecy bury the possible danger. The clippings of the royal finger-nails went the same way. The in- animate spittoons were held in great esteem, to which their ignoble use would not entitle them in other lands and hence those belong- ing to Kamehameha I. and other renowned chiefs have been care- fully preserved, and are in this Museum. Made of such an absorb- ent material they required great attention to keep them in a decent condition. Diameter Inches. %% D. 81^ 14, MR. 7 lyi D. 7 8 8^ 8>4 678 Ipu kuha. kou 679 (( (( 680 (( (( 681 ({ (( 682 (( (( 683 t( (( 684 (( i( 685 (I (( 686 f( (( 33 Diameter Inches. 7'/ 687 Ipu kuha, kou, 688 689 690 691 692 " " QE. 693 694 695 " " 696 697 " 698 " " 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 " " " 5 707 " " old. 5% 708 709 4000 " 4001 " Quite similar in shape, although larger, were the 675 Ipu mimi. 12 QE. u oval. u i( u square. (( i( (( old. buria 1 cave. (( (< u " HG. C( " HG. 8 ^% 6 7 6 by, 6 ^% 5 5 14, i5. MR. MR. 15, MR. MR. 14, MR. 14, MR. D. D. D. D. D. U, 676 677 3997 3998 3999 HG. HG. HG. 9^ 9 MR. D. D. D. D. D. The Hawaiian pillow is a parallelopipedon of plaited pandanus leaves stuffed with the same material, capital accompaniment to the Hawaiian mat bed. 34 Width. Height. Length. Inches. Inches. Inches. 1144 Uluna— Pillow. JSE. 6 4 10 15, MR. 1145 JSE. 5^ 4^ 21 15, MR. 1146 JSE. 6 3>4 101^ 15, MR. 1147 QE. 6 4 10>^ 15, MR. 1148 QE. 5 4 13 D. 1149 HG. 4^ 4 io>^ D. 1150 6 5 19 D. 1151 W. 3>^ io>^ D. 1152 JSE. ^% 3 8 D. 1153 ^Vz 2>^ ^% . D. It is said that wooden pillows were used in olden times, but if so there are none in this collection. Obesity being a much desired condition among certain chiefs of either sex, the food taken was so much in excess of natural require- ments that passive exercise was needful for digestion, and the de- lightful process of lomilomi was resorted to. Often one might wish to lomilomi the back when assistance was not at hand and for this the following sticks were contrived. Back-rubbers are a decided addition to the comfort of the inhabitant of a grass house. > 1 163 Laau lomilomi k 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1 1 70 1171 1172 1 1 73 1174 1175 1176 1177 cou, large. HG. 15, MR. D. 15, MR. kauila, Kalihi, Oahu. JSE. 15, MR. Honaunau, Hawaii. JSE. 15, MR. nenelaau, Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. D. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. D. JSE. D. JSE. D. JSE. D. JSE. D. ulei. North Kona, Hawaii D. nenelaau. Kailua, Hawaii. D. HG. D. HG. D. For artificial light the Hawaiians burned the kernels of roasted kukui nuts strung on slender strips of palm or bambu. As the nuts burned, the remains were knocked off as soon as the next nut was 35 ignited. They served as time-tellers almost as well as King Alfred's candles. Invention, however, did not stop at the rude candle whose empyreumatic odor was so strong as to be long remembered by the stranger who was present at the burning. The oil was expressed from the nut and burned with a wick in stone cups. Animal fat was used as well for this purpose, and for a wick a dried rush or a welu of kapa was suitable. To a people who had no written languagp the light, although unsteady, was sufficient. 4138 Kukui. String of nuts for a candle. 8, MR. 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186 1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1191 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 Poho kukui or ipu kukui. Stone lamp. [Phallic] JSE. '* sandstone. From a cave on Niihau. [Phallic] JSE. JSE. ' " dense lava for nuts. Nuuanu, Oahu. JSE. " 4 legs. Waimea, Hawaii. JSE. ** small base. '* fine grain lava. '^ dumb-bell shape. HG. " hour-glass shape, cup at each end. *' porous lava. JSE. (t " " cylindrical. *' large end of poi-pounder. " broken poi-pounder. Kohala, Hawaii. JSE. " broken poi-pounder. JSE. JSE. Kohala Hawaii. JSE. ** porous lava, pohowaa, cylindrical. " Haiku, Maui. JSE. " 2 pohos, irregular block. '* square block. " spherical with large poho. Height. Inches. 10 8, MR. 1^ 8, MR. TVa 8, MR. 8 8. MR. 63< 8, MR. 4^ 8, MR. 6 8, MR. 7 8, MR. 5>^ 8, MR. ^% 8, MR. b% 8, MR. %% 8, MR. b% 8, MR. 3 8, MR. 3 8, MR. 4>^ 8, MR. 2>4 8, MR. 4^ 8, MR. 4^ 8, MR. 65< 9, MR. ^H 9, MR. b% 8. MR. byi 9. MR. <% «. MR. i'A 8, MR. Height. Inches. 53X 9, MR. 53^ 9, MR. 6 9, MR. f>% 9, MR. 314 8, MR. 6 9, MR. 2J^ 9. MR. 31^ 9, MR. 36 1207 PohQ kukui, small poho, unshaped. JSE. 1208 " poho at each end. 1209 '' large top. 1210 " oblate spheroid. Molokai. JSE. 1211 *' irregular fragment, natural poho. JSE. 1212 '* laau. Wooden lamp. JSE. 1228 " small base, large top. HG. 1220 *' cup, round bottom. 1232 " found in 1880 at Kulookehua Plains, Oahu, 5 feet below the surface. Presented by Cecil Brown, Esq. HG. 6 9, MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. 8, MR. D. D. D. D. D. D. In smoking tobacco the Hawaiian practice has been to pull a few whiffs and then pass the pipe to the next person: smoke was generally swallowed. P'or pipes wood was the usual material, and the old chiefs affected those of enormous size. While the stems were usually very short, some -are found in the collection with quite long ones. 4300 Ipu baka. Old pipe found in Kuilani burial cave. JSE. 35, MR. 4330 (< Stone lamp. JSE. 4331 (( rough block. JSE. 4332 u JSE. 4333 {( large poho. JSE. 4334 (( JSE. 4335 (( old poi pounder. JSE. 4336 (( natural poho. JSE. 4337 (( well wrought. 4338 (( 4339 parison, while others are with the collections from their respec- tive localities. It will be seen that the Maori forms approach most nearly the Hawaiian, but the latter are still quite distinct from all others. Certainly the Hawaiian workman of olden times could accom- plish surprising results with very rude tools. A beach pebble suf- ficed, as the writer has seen, to shape a poi-pounder, and another stone to polish its curved surface. Case 18 shows fairly what was done in stone working. For wood-work they had, in addition to the all-important adzes, rude drills of Terebra shells or lava splinters, gouges and chisels of shells and shark's teeth, and finally the work on the great idols and the finely finished umekes was largely the result of friction applied by lavas and corals of various surfaces. Religion entered largely into the mechanical work of the ancient Hawaiians, and not only did each work require prayers and cere- monies;peculiar to its class, but there were tutelary divinities presid- ing over every part of the task. Even the bright little bird called elepaio was deified, doubtless because of its instinct in detecting unsound logs, a most important assistance to the canoe maker and the idol fashioner. The rotary drill was known to the Hawaiians, as to so many other islanders of the Pacific Ocean. It is found as well in New Guinea, and seems of Malay origin. Before the advent of iron the point of a Terebra shell served for borer, but in more modern times a triangular file was generally used. 1 78 Hula pa. Used for boring small holes in the pa hi aku, or shell fish-hooks. The fly is of koa, the shaft an umbj-ella handle, the handle ulei. Laa- loa, Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 27, MR. 1 79 Hula pa. The fly is of koa, as is also the handle or pauma, the spindle or poniuniu is of mamane, the string or kaula hoopa pauma is of olona. Hono- malino, Hawaii. JSE. 27, MR. 180 Hula pa. Made and long used by Kamahiai of Pa- hoehoe, S. Kona, Hawaii. The spindle is of ulei, fly of pine, strings of ilihau and olona. JSE. 27, MR. 45 27, MR. 168 Stone hammer. Used by Kapulupulu of Kawaihae uka for forty years. It was an old hammer when he came to the place and obtained it of the former owner. JSE. It is curious that the old Hawaii- ans had no name for hammer; the modern hamare being English. As they had no nails to drive, any heavy stone or block of wood might serve in the place of what seems to a modern a most nec- essary tool. 4467 Stone hammer. Of the form of stone hammers found in Europe. 4468 '' Ditto. JSE. 4469 ** These three stones are from Ha- waii, with no record. JSE. 4480-83 Stone hammers. JSE. 4476 Shell gouge. 4485 Carving tool of iron, modern. JSE. 4486 '' " '' JSE. 4487 '' '' '' JSE. 3101 Koi pahoa ; found in an old kahuahale at Keei, Hawaii. JSE. 3102 ** pae, used for rough work on canoes. JSE. 3103 *' hoomaikai, for finishing canoe. JSE. 3104 " '' JSE. 3105 " '' JSE. 3106 '' kalae. HG. 3107 " papa ku lauhulu. Made in the time of Kame- hameha H. JSE. 3108 " papa ku lauhulu. Very large. 3109 " iron only. Pahoehoe, Hawaii. JSE. 31 10 '' '' with handle. 3111 - " 3112 ** '' 3113 " - 3114 " kupaaikee, reversible for excavating canoes. JSE. 27, MR. 31 15 " '' in use in 1886. JSE. 27, MR. 3116 " »* stone adz. JSE. 27, MR. 27, MR 27, MR 27, MR 27, MR 27, MR 27, MR 27, MR 27, MR 27, MR 27, MR 27, MR 27, MR. 27, MR. 46 3117 Koi 3118 '' 3119 '' 3120 " 3121 " 3122 '* 3123 ^' 3124 " 3125 ^' 3126 '' 3127 '' 3128 '' 3129 " 3130 '* 3131 '' 3132 '^ 3133 - 3134 " 3135 '* 3136 '^ 3137 '^ 3138 ^^ 3139 '^ 3140 '^ 3141 '' 3142 ** 3143 '^ 3144 - 3145 '* 3146 '' 3147 ^^ 3148 - 3149 ** kupaaikee niu; blade of coconut to trim the soft wiliwili wood. JSE. alahee. Used for soft wood. JSE. pahoa. JSE. olopu. pahoa. G. H. Dole, Kauai. Broad and flat. '' Very lar^^e. Weighs lOi^ lbs. G. H. Dole, Kauai. Very fine. Weighs bj{ lbs. " G. H. Dole, Kauai. Narrow. Weighs 3>^ lbs. ** G. H. Dole, Kauai. Large, in the rough. Weighs 11 lbs. " G. H. Dole, Kauai. Narrow. '' Flat. '' '' Broken. '' '' " Very small. long, narrow; found in a cave. HG. Weighs S}( lbs. Broken, broad, flat. HG. very blunt. HG. rough. HG. Honuapo, Kau, Hawaii. JSE. double edge. H. M. Liliuokalani. obtuse angle. long, rough, obtuse angle. unfinished, flat. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18. MR. D. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. D. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 47 3150 3151 3152 3153 3154 3155 3156 3157 3158 3159 3160 3161 3162 3163 3164 3165 3166 3167 3168 3169 3170 3171 3172 3173 3174 3175 3176 3177 3178 3179 3180 3181 3182 3183 3184 3185 3186 3187 large. HG. 18, MR. (( rough. 18, MR. li HG. 18, MR. n QE. 18, MR. il QE. 18, MR. (( obtuse ang le. H. A. Widemann i 1889. 18, MR. u flat. 18, MR. a 18, MR. u H. A. Widemann, 1889. 18, MR. n edge broken. D. li obtuse. 18, MR. 11 under edg e rough. 18, MR. narrow, very obtuse. 18, MR. li (( 18, MR. 11 11 18, MR. edge broken. D. '- 18, MR. "Na kin i mahoe." QE. 18, MR. edge broken. 18, MR. 18, MR. S. Kona L, Hawaii. JSE. D. Kohala, Hawaii. JSE. 18, MR. il n JSE. 18, MR. 18, MR. H. R. H. Liliuokalani. 18, MR. 18, MR. flat. 18, MR. blunt edge. \>8, MR. worn edge. 18, MR. (( 11 D. Kapalama. 18, MR. obtuse. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 18, MR. JSE. 18, MR. unfinished. Kona , Hawaii. JSE. 18, MR. (( JSE. 18, MR. obtuse. JSE. 18, MR. broken edge. JSE. 18, MR. JSE. 18, MR. 48 3188 Koi pahoa. Kohala, Hawaii. JSE. 3189 3190 3191 3192 3193 3194 3195 3196 3197 3198 3199 3200 4028 4029 4030 4031 4032 4033 4034 4035 4036 4037 4038 4039 4556-61 4562 4563 4564 4565 4566-71 4572-73 4574 " 4575 " 4576-78 4579-99 4600 " 4601 " 4602 " G. H. Dole, Kauai. " unfinished. HG " G. H. Dole, Kauai " large, flat, broken " G. H. Dole, Kauai flat. " thick. flat very small " . JSE. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. 18, MR. flat. 18, MR. thick, broken edge. 18, MR. I 18, MR. narrow. 18, MR. (( 18, MR. 18, MR. from H. Turton. 18, MR. I. D. HG. D. D. D. D. D. D. D. . 18, MR. D. D. D. Kauai. D. u 18, MR. (( D. (i 18, MR. u 18, MR. a D. u 18, MR. 11 D. u 18, MR. n 18, MR. a D. 11 D. <( 18, MR. (( 18, MR. 49 4603 Koi pahoa; thick, curved edge. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 18, MR. * 4604 " (( ii blunt edge. HG. D. 4605 " ti ^^ QE. 18, MR. 4606-8 " JSE. 18, MR. 4609-19 JSE. D. 4620 " JSE. 18, MR. 4621-23 JSE. D. 4624 " JSE. 18, MR. 4625-39 JSE. D. 4552 Hoana anai koi. Ancient grir dstone for sharpen- ing adzes. JSE. 18, MR. 4553 n a JSE. 18, MR. 4564 11 u JSE. 27, MR. 4555 Stone chisel. JSE. 27, MR. 3000 Pohaku oio. 3001 In fine work the general order of rubbing material was, puna or fine coral, pohaku eleku, ana, oahi, olai, oio, lau ulu. This, how- ever, varied greatly; but the old umtkes no doubt had the whole series applied to them. Stone for polishing canoes or ume- kes. JSE. 27, MR. " Brought from Keoni Oio in Honua- ula, Maui, in the time of Kame- hameha I., by a high chief Kaho- hoinea. JSE. 27, MR. 27, MR. pahee anai ipu laau. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 27, MR. '^ JSE 27, MR. JSE. 27, MR. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. D. D. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. U. pahoa oio- anai umeke laau. 27, MR. oio anai. Fine polishing stone. HG. '' oval. " round. 3002 3003 3004 3005 3006 3007 3008 3009 3010 3011 3012 3014 3015 3016-19 27, MR. D. D. D. pahee anai ipu laau. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. D. JSE. D. 50 * 3020 Pohaku oahi anai waa. Pumice for polishing. As it is found washed on the beach pumice is called ana; after it has been baked to consoli- date it is called oahi. In this state it is also used to scrape pigs after the bristles have been singed . JSE. 27, MR. 3021 Pohaku oio anai. JSE. D. 3022 (( JSE. 27, MR. 3023-24 '' pahee anai. JSE. D. 3025 u oio anai waa. Kailua, Hawaii. D. 3026 u oio anai. HG. 27, MR. 3027 u pahee anai ipu laau. JSE. D. 3028 u (( u D. 3029 (( JSE. D. 3030 (( oio anai. Pahoa lava. JSE. D. 3031 (( i( 27, MR. 3032 i( " QE. D. 3033 a JSE. D. 3034 u t( D. 3035 Ana Ipu. Pumice for polishing. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. D. 3036 Oahi anai waa. Kailua Hawaii. JSE. D, 3037 Apuapu anai. JSE. D. 3038 (k JSE. D. 3039 t( JSE. D. 3040 (( JSE. D. 3041 Oio anai Ilikahi, Kohala, Hawaii. JSE. D. 3042 (( Puukoae. *' '' JSE. D. 3043 (( D. 3044 i( D. 3045 (( D. 3046 Ana. Pumice. D. 3047 u (( D. 3048 Oahi anai waa. Kailua, Hawaii. D. 3049 Oio anai i. Porous lava. D. 3050 Pumice, large block. D. 3051 Puna. Coral. JSE. 27 , MR. 3052 Pumice. 27 , MR. 3053 Oio anai [. JSE. 27, .MR. 51 3054 Gio anai. JSE. 27, MR. 3055 Apuapu i anai makau. JSE. D. 3056 (( <( (( JSE. D. 3057 K U it JSE. D. 3058 Oio anai. JSE. 27, MR, 3059 n JSE. 27, MR. 3060 Ana Pi timice. 27, MR. 3061 n " small block. 27, MR. 3062 Puna, smooth white coral. 27, MR, 3063 ii 27, MR. 3064 a 27, MR. • 3065 Oahi. } 'umice thro' ivn by the currents upon the shore of Niihau ' where it was found in 1885. It was then baked in an oven. 27, MR, 3066 Oio anai. . Kailua, H awaii. JSE. 27, MR, 3067 u with knob JSE. 27, MR. 3068 (( 27, MR. 3069 (( H. M. Lil iuokalani. 27, MR. 313 Laau kahi olona. Strip of wood on which to scrape 314 " '' 730 731 " '' 732 '' '' 733 '' 734 " " 735 '' " 736 737 738 739 740 744 742 ** *' 743 744 Flat slab of kauila wood us/ed for cleaning fibres of waoke, etc. D. olona fibre. JSE. D. JSE. 8, *MR. D. 4, ♦MR. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. D. D. D. Notched beneath. HG. D. old. D. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. D. Hookena, Hawaii. JSE. D. fine, notched beneath. 4 *MR D. 8 ft. 3 in. long 5>^ft wide. D. D. broad, curved. JSE. D. 52 4496 Uhi kahiolona. A scraper for olona fibre, made of the shell of the papaua \Meleagrina marga- ritifera]. Usually these scrapers were made of a plate of bone from the back of a turtle. In use the bark is fastened to the small end of the laau kahiolona which is placed between the legs of the operator, who with the scraper removes the outer bark and leaves the fibre ready for spinning. Specimens both of bark and prepared fibre are in Case 35, MR. Uhi kahiolona papaua. JSE. H. M. Liliuokalani. " " " JSE. 4497 4498 4499 4500 4501 4502 4503 4508 4509 45 lO 4519 169 183 134 176 QE. kuahonu QE. QE. -18 '* " JSE. Scraper of tortoise shell. Paniani. An instrument for twisting hair for ropes. JSE. Hia aho ka upena, of whale's tooth. Shuttle for netting. JSE. Shuttle for netting. JSE. Hia aho ka upena; iwi kanaka. Made of the shin bone of Kuliakalanaia of Kohala. He was also a man without hair on his body, and therefore his bones were desired for fish hooks, etc. He was murdered for his bones, and Lualauoho of Ka^ makahelei secured the right shin bone and made this ka, which he greatly prized for the good luck it brought to his nets. On his death it passed to his son Kama, who died at Hoopuloa April 10, 1886, over a hundred years old, leaving the ka to his grandson Kealiikulu, who sold it the next year to JSE. 27, MR. 4, *MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. D. D. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 27, MR. 53 4520-21 Hia aho ka upena kauila wood. 27, MR 4522 *' '* bambu. 27, MR 4523 '* ** wood. 27, MR. 4524 ** H. M. Liliuokalani. 27, MR 4525 bone. 27, MR. 4526-29 " '* pine. 27, MR 185 Haha ka upena. Mesh-stick for netting. These sizes are used: Nukunukuaulu, makahi, malua, makolu, mahai. JSE. 27, MR 3915 Haha ka upena; bone. JSE. 27, MR 3916 27, MR 3917 '* '' makolu of whale rib. Waipio, Hawaii 27, MR 3918 '* '' bone. QE. 27, MR 3919 (( 11 n 27, MR 3920 " ** bambu. 27, MR 3921 '' '* ea. H. M. Liliuokalani. 27, MR 3022 '* *' JSE. 27, MR In all old canoes the moo or edge-piece was sewed to the body of the canoe, and to hold the parts together during the sewing simple clamps called variously kuamoo, kauli, wae waa, were used. 3590 3591 3592 3593 3594 3595 3589 5178- • 4748 t 4749 • 4750 4751- 4755- Kuamoo. JSE. 27, MR '* kawau wood. JSE. 27, MR. ahakea wood. JSE. 27, MR, '* melia wood, pair. S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 27, MR, pair. 27, MR Wedge and braided cord used in canoe-making. 27, MR, Go, or digger. Ulei wood. The principal agricul- tural tool of the Hawaiians ; used with consid- erable effect. JSE. 15, *MR 79 Ivory tools for netting kokos, etc. QE. 27, MR. Aha hoa waa. Coconut cord braided, to bind iako to the canoe. Aha holo i ka laau o ka waa. Braid used to bind the moo to the manu in canoe building. 54 Aha holo i ka laau o ka waa. 56 '' coarser. JSE. 27, MR. D. 27, MR. D. D. 54 4757 Aha, or coconut cord ; for fastening parts of a house together. JSE. 27, MR. 4758 Aha, or coconut cord; finer. 27, MR. 4759 Aha, or coconut cord; coarser; used to mark kapa and for other needs. 27, MR. 4742 Umeke kou, in process of formation ; very old, Waikiki. 27, MR. 4743-4 Umeke kou, in process of formation; very old. 27, MR. 4745-47 Ipu kuha kou, in process of formation; very old. 27, MR. These six specimens show well the earlier stages of bowl-making. They were buried in the sand many years ago perhaps for conceal, ment, and have recently been disinterred. AMUSEMENTS. While the ancient Hawaiian were a hard-worked people, they certainly had a full share of games and amusements. The most general relaxation was the hula or dance, and although in later days the hula became the handmaid of licentiousness, it was not always so. Many of the chief women took an active part in the exercise, and even the proud Kaahumanu was, in her youth, renowned as a hula dancer. This is not the place to enlarge upon the kinds of hula nor other games and sports except so far as is needful to ex- plain the collections in the Museum. It may be said, however, that in the half century preceding the reign of Kamehaiiicha I., coinci- dent with a general decline in the strict observance of religious rites, came in the custom of betting to the utmost extent on the result of all games. It is not asserted that this practice was not at all in vogue before, for in the time of Umi a chief staked his very bones, but it certainly gathered great strength and exercised a malign in- fluence on the Hawaiian at this period. So with the licentious ad- juncts of many games so often deprecated by historians of this peo- ple. The bone and sinew of the Hawaiian race could not have been what it was in the time of Kalanibpuu if the practices of the early part of the present century had long existed. The athletic games as the ulumaika, moku, hakookoo, kukini, etc., fell largely into the hands of professionals, owing to the betting 55 which became an important preliminary to every contest, and which was carried to such a pitch of excitement that a man would stake his goods, his wife, children, even his own body on the uncertain result. With the introduction of letters and a new religion the interest in learning became so great that all public athletic games as well as the worst of those merely lascivious were generally given up, not so much because forbidden by the iMisionaries as because there was no time left for them; the fine and healthful games of the old Hawaiians passed away, and the present generation does not know even the names of the former playthings. They had contests of running, boxing, wrestling (>f many kinds, throwing the spear or stick, rolling maika, sliding on the hulua, surf- swimming, canoe racing; they had cock fights quite like those of Spanish America; they had fox-and-geese, cup and ball, tops, cat's cradle, tag, hide-the-button, kite-flying, stilt-walking; and they had as many "counting out" formulas as the children of Europe ever knew. Music they did not have. Its softening or irritating influence they never experienced. There were several instruments serving to make a noise or mark time for the dances, and that is all. Conch shells served for trumpets, hollowed logs or gourds for drums, bam bus for nose "flutes" and clappers, even two stones were beaten together to increase the din, and pebbles were shaken in gourd rattles. Although they had the bambu they did not know the ar- rangement of Pandean pipes, an instrument quite common on the islands to the west. Such a thing as a tune had not been invented by the Hawaiians to the time of the discovery by Europeans. Hee nahi; Surf-swimming. — The surf- board was usually of koa, flat with slightly convex surfaces, rounded at one end, slightly narrowing toward the stern, where it was cut square. Sometimes the papas were made of the very light wiliwili, and then were narrow [olo]. In size they varied from 3 to 18 ft. in length, and from 8 to 20 in. in breadth, but some of the ancient boards are said to have been four fathoms long ! The largest in this Museum are so heavy that they require two men to move them. The surf-riders swam out to sea to the kulana or place where the high rollers follow each other in quick succession, and there mounted a high wave and rode on it until near 56 the beach in the hua where the water was smoother; the first one arriving at the hua won the race. The riders sometimes raced also to the kulana nalu or starting points. Standing on the boards as they shot in was' by no means uncommon. Men and women both took part in this delightful pastime, which is now almost a lost art. Width. Length. inches. feet. 293 Papa hee nalu, koa. Kailua, Hawaii. 14^ 6J4 D. 294 u (( (( JSE. lis/. 53/^ 26, *MR. 295 ({ Kalihi, S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 14 534 26, ''^MR. 296 li Lucy Peabody. 12^ 4^ 22 ^MR. 297 n very large. Paki. 2oy, li}4 EH. 298 it " large. Paki. iS'A 15>^ EH. 4684 a 20 uy2 *MR. Hee holua. — A most dangerous but fascinating sport of sliding down hill on a sled made tor the purpose. The holua or track was built with great care on a hill-side, and the remains of one are plain- ly seen on the hill mauka of the Museum. Constructed of stone when a hollow in the track needed filling, the holua was covered with earth well beaten down, and dry grass was S[)read over all, and a very slippery surface resulted. The sled, Papa holua was made of mamane [Edwardsia chrysophylla] or of uhiuhi [Caesalpinia Kau- aiensis]. Two long runners resembling skate irons were bound firmly to the upper stage 2}4 inches apart from centres, the whole sled being some 11)^ ft. long. This papa was carefully oiled with kukui oil and the rider ran with the sled to gather impetus, and then threw himself headlong down the course. This was an eminently aristocratic game. 320 Papa holua said to have belonged to the hero Lo- noikamakahiki. MG. 16, *MR. 321 " " runners only. HG. D. Maika was a game played with the ulu or olohu. The first name was current on Hawaii and Kauai while the latter was known on Maui and Oahu. A smooth alley or kahua was required, and three 57 forms of the game were common. The first was a trial of strength in throwing or rather bowling to the greatest distance; the second required more skill to drive the ulu between two sticks near the end of the kahua; the third was rather a trial of the ulus than the play- ers, as they were rolled against each other and the toughest won the game for its owner. There is a famous kahua near Kalae on Molo- kai, where may be seen hundreds of broken ulus. The players trained carefully and developed great strength. Various kinds of stone were used, but a heavy compact coral rock was the favorite; the ulu was sometimes spherical, but usually a thin cylinder with slightly convex ends. The largest ulu of the first form in this col- lection has a diameter of 7 54 in. and weighs 221bs. Of the second and more common form the largest Is 5 inches in diameter, 3 in. thick and weighs 44 oz. The smallest has a diameter of 1^ in. and weighs 3^ oz. Rough and unfinished ulus were used by children for practise. The average weight was a little over a pound. Choice ones were carefully oiled and kept in kapa. Ulus are in Case 26, MR. 898 Ulumaika, , coral. QE. 15 oz. 899 lava. QE. iiy2 900 breccia. Hawaii. JSE. 22^ 901 coral. H.R.H. Keelikolani. 18^ 902 wood. H.R.H. Keelikolani. UK 903 lava. 'Hilo, Hawaii. JSE. 15^ 904 conglomerate. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 7 905 lava, rough. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 16K 906 coral. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 8 907 " Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 26K 908 lava. N. K., Hawaii. JSE. 14 909 breccia. [Sinker.] JSE. 113^ 910 coral. 19}4 911 (( 7>4 912 grey coral. 9>^ 913 lava. UK 914 (I 12 915 coral. 113K 916 lava. 13K 917 (( 14^ 918 tt 13 58 919 L Ilumail^ :a, lava; 5 small and rough. 4 oz. 920 (( coral. JSE. 4^ 921 n lava. Kauai. G. H. Dole. U}i 922 il limestone, rough. Kauai. G. H. Dole. U34 923 n breccia . S. Kona. JSE. 1\% 924 u lava, very large. 44 925 u limestone. 17^ 926 (( <( rough. G. H. Dole, : Kauai.. n>4 927 <{ yellow breccia. JSE. \\% 928 (( coral. JSE. 143^ 929 tl sandstone. Kailua. JSE. \1% 930 Ci lava. \%% 931 u i( \%% 932 <» (( S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 19 933 ( ( coral. S. Kona. JSE. 21K 934 u (( Kailua. JSE. 20^ 935 u lava. 16X 936 it coral. 6K 937 (( lava. W^/, 938 11 u 19 939 n olivine , spherical. JSE. Kohala, Hawaii .80 3588 (( lava, very smooth. 22 lbs; diam. 7j4in 4661 Ci coral. HG. 22 4662 (( (( HG. 23 4663 il lava. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 3>^ 4664 n coral H. M. Liliuokalani. 14 4665 u breccia u 9^ 4666 (( coral. (( 24|4 4667 t< n (( 12>^ 4668 (i u a ^% 4669 (( lava u 12}4 D. 4670 (( (( i( 13|4 D 4671 t( t( HG. 161^ 4672 a u HG. ny^ 4673 u coral. JSE. 24 4674 (( (( QE. 4675 il 11 QE. 4676 u 11 59 4677 Ulumaika , lava. HG. 4686-93 tt (( JSE. D. 4694 (i (t \.5%oz. 26, MR. 4695 <( 11 1334 D. 4696 (( ({ 24^ D. 4697 (i (( 31 26, MR. 4698 (( ochre. JSE. 5^ D. 4699 (< (( JSE. IIX 26, MR. 4700 t( lava. JSE. 16K 26, MR. 4701 n (( JSE. 23 26, MR. 4702 <( (( 12i< 26, MR. 4703 (( <( 26 D. 4704- 10 <( ^ 4737 tl ii 12>4 D. 4738 ' tt ti JSE. 12 D. 4739 ( t( ^ Wa 26, *MR. 945 Moa pahee, kauila wood Inches. Long. Weighs. Ounces 24>^ 26, MR. 946 13 17>^ 26, MR. 947 948 16 8^ 22>^ 26, MR. 26, MR. 3596 \^% 26, MR. 3597 U 26, MR. 3598 11^ 26, MR. 3599 JSE. 10 26, MR. 4865 HG. 26, MR. Konane was played on a flat surface of stone or wood, and some- what resembled **Fox and Geese," or the Japanese Gobang. Posi- tions on the papamu were marked by a slight depression on stone, and often by the insertion of bone, usually chicken [sometimes human], in wood. There seems no definite number of places or arrangement. Beachworn pebbles, coral for white, lava for black completed the equipment. 866 Papamu for Konane, wood. 83 places. 26, MR. 867 " " ** '* very old and worm-eaten. 180 places. HG. 26, MR. 5313 Papamu, for konane, stone. C. M. Cooke. 26, *MR. 885 Palaie. Ring and Ball. Hawaiian ''Cup and Ball." H. M. Liliuokalani. 26, MR. 886 " HG. 26, MR. Puhenehene was a game of guessing, aided by very close ob- servation. , It was played in a house or lanai, the players, ten in num- ber, sitting cross-legged in two opposite rows. Between them were five pieces of different colored kapa loosely crumpled up but with 61 the edges overlapping. These puu were named kihi, pili, kau, pili- puka and kihipuka. The player selected from one side must have his arm bare to the shoulder that the experts on the opposite side might watch the play of his muscles as he passed his right hand containing the noa or stone to be left under one of the piles or puu. He of course made various fumbling gestures to mislead his oppo- nents, and after passiag once or twice through the row of kapas with- drew his empty hand. Each player had a polished wand, called maile, several feet long, usually armed at the end with a bit of dog's skin or a ki leaf. When the noa had been deposited the five piles were carefully separated and the guessing began. The side whose turn it is to guess have, during the hiding, keenly watched the pro- cess, and now as they point with, their rods to the heap under which they suppose the stone to be, they watch the countenance of the hider who of course sits opposite and endeavors to conceal his ex- pression. One of their number has been selected to make the first guess, and he strikes the selected heap of kapa which is lifted, and if the noa is really there his side wins that inning with one guess. The same side hide the stone until each of the five players has had one or two trials. The game is sometimes to avoid striking the heap concealing the stone. 881 Noa stone of Kalanikupule, the last King of Oahu. He had a large house at Waimanalo where he played this and other games. JSE. 26, MR. 882 Noa stone. Kauai. G. H. Dole. 26, MR. 3013 '' JSE. 26, MR. 4866 Noa wood. It is doubtful whether this is a noa. 26, MR. Hula, — The practice of the hula required a variety of pulsatile instruments, generally of a rude character, but serving well enough to mark the intervals of time. The large drums were made of the stem of a coconut tree hollowed out, and to some extent carved. Shark skin was used for the head, and was stretched in the usual way with olona cord. A large drum of this class, of great antiquity and historical interest, was in the government collection, but it has not yet come to this Museum where it lawfully belongs. 62 856 Pahu hula. Coconut hula drum. 26, MR. 857 '' ** " 26, MR. 858 *' *' *' 26, MR. 859 ** *' ** without head. From G. D. Oilman. 26, MR. 4849 Pahu hula. Coconut hula drum. HG. 26, MR. 4860 *' ** '' HG. ae, MR. 860 " Carved wood, small. HG. 26, MR. 861 " " *' HG. 26, MR. 862 '' *' '' HG. D. 889 Pahu hula. A cylinder of some light wood with skin heads fastened with hoops at each end. A poor imitation of a foreign drum. HG. D. 893 Hula drum. HG. 26, MR. 2304 Pahu of wood, hour glass shape, no head. 26, "^MR. 863 Puniuhula. Coconut shell drums, pair. These were bound to the knee. 26, MR. 863a Puniuhula. Coconut shell drum. QE. 26, MR. 864 '' '' '' HG. 26, MR. 865 *' '' ** JSE. 26, MR. 865a '' '' *' 26, MR. 891 '' '' '' H. M. Liliuokalani. 26, MR. 949 Hula ka laau. Kauila sticks for beating time in the dance so-called. HG. 26. MR. 950 Hula ka laau. Kauila sticks. QE. 26, MR. 895 Clappers of haematite [3]. G. H. Dole, Kauai. Four in a set. 26, MR. 4041 Pahu hula of gourds. HG. 26, MR. 4042 " '' *' 26, MR. Inches. High. 4843 '' '' '' 24 26, MR. 4J844 ** " '' 18 26, MR. 4845 " *' '* 26, MR. 4846 " ** " JSE. 26, MR. 4847 '' *' ** large, 31 >^ 26, MR. 4848 '' ** ** 26, MR, 868 Uliuli hula. 869 (( (( 670 i< n 871- ■2 " 11 873 (( n 63 Hula rattle; gourd, with cock's feathers. JSE. 26, MR. 26, MR. coconut rattle. HG. 26, MR. gourd. * HG. D. without feathers. Uliuli are made in pairs. 26, MR. 874 Ulili hula. Calabash top, for making a whirring noise. JSE. 26, MR. 875 - '^ JSE. 26, MR. 876 Conch shell trumpet. Used formerly to call the people to church. JSE. 887 Conch shell trumpet, smaller. 883 Ohe hula puili. Bambu noise-maker, pair. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 884 Ohe hula puili. 13 pair. [12 pair. D.] 877 Ohe hano ihu. Nose flute. HG. 878 '' *» JSE. 879 880 '' ** QE. * 4851 Ohe keeke. A closed joint of bambu which the player strikes on a large stone. Holding one in each hand he drops them on the stone alter- nately. JSE. 26, MR. 4852 Ohe keeke. 26, MR. 4853 *' '' A set of four. JSE. 26, MR. 894 " - JS^. 26, MR. 4854 Niaukani. Hawaiian Jewsharp. HG. 26, MR. 4755 Ipu hokiokio. Lovers' whistle. A small gourd, pierced with from two to five holes, from which the initiated could make signals. 26, MR. 4856 Ipu hokiokio. 26, MR. 4857 " *' of Queen Kamamalu. QE. 32, MR. 4858 '* ** given by Queen Kalama to Kaopua (w). QE. 32, MR. 4859 " '' of Princess Nahienaena. QE. 32, MR. 4860 Ukeke. A thin strip of wood, on which were strung three or four strings. In playing, one end was held in the teeth and the strings were 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 26, MR. 29, MR. 26, MR. 64 struck either with the fingers or with a plectrum. It was used much as the hokiokio, and never as the harp, sackbut and dulcimer. JSE. 26, MR. 4861 Ukeke. JSE. 26, MR. 4862 *' JSE. 26, MR. 4863 '' JSE. 26, MR. 4864 '' JSE. 26, MR. 892 Kukui hu. Top made from a kukui nut. H. M. Liliuokalani. 26, MR. 887 Kupee niho ilio. Anklets of dog's teeth, used in the hula. The selected canine teeth are bored and neatly inserted on olona netting. This pair weighs 9^ lbs., and contains 1,900 teeth. 26, MR. 888 Kupee niho ilio. A single anklet of poor qualily. HG. 26, MR. 890 Anklet made of corn husks. JSE. 26, MR. 896 Kilu. A game played by spinning a light gourd top in such a way that it would light on an upright stick placed for the purpose. The upper half of a huewai with a short neck made a good kilu. 26, MR. IMPLEMENTS OF WAR. Of war among the ancient Hawaiians,' how declared and how carried on, we have nothing to do here; the weapons used alone concern us. The Hawaiians were a warlike people, and peace seldom existed all over the Group at the same time. So it is strange that the weapons were by no means well elaborated. They had no shields and no armor, if we except the feather helmets of the chiefs and the calabash masks of the rowers, and these were for ornament rather than defence. It will be remembered that when they first experienced the murderous fire of Cook's guns they covered themselves with mats dipped in the sea to avoid the ^'burning sand." Generally warriors fought naked to the malo. They had no bows and arrows for battle. They threw stones like the monkeys, but they improved on the method of the quadrumanous animals they had never seen, by shaping 65 the stones and hurling them with a sling. These slings, as they have come down to us are of the simplest structure, but the stones were often worked with considerable care to the form of a double cone. The range of slinging of course was not great, and hardly sur- passed that of the light hurling spears. Spears were generally made of kauila, with plain points, some- times, but not commonly barbed, and seldom, if ever, armed with shark's teeth, as in Micronesia. Not infrequently the spear had to serve as food bearer to the battle, and corpse bearer from the fatal field. Huge spears were also made to set up as standards before the house of a chief. While the chiefs were skillful in throwing they were not less so in avoiding these weapons, and it was common for a chief to catch the first spear and use it to parry succeeding ones. For close combat they had the pahoa or dagger, the ihe pahee or sword-club, the newa or short club, the piikoi [used hke the South American bola to entangle an opponent], and different forms of the leiomano a weapon of wood or bone armed with shark's teeth. The list is not a long one, nor was there any great variety in the forms of weapons. None of the weapons were poisoned, although poison was used to stupify fish, and kill men. The use of iron, and the introduction of muskets at once relegated the former native weapons to the class of relics. 4766 4767 4768 4769 4770 I 4771 4772 4773 4774 4775 Newa, kauila. Found by Keawehookino in a lua huna before 1854, near Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 36, MR. uhiuhi. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 3G, MR. Newa, uhiuhi. Long used by Kawaimaka and his followers at Kohanaiki, Hawaii, as a club to kill ahi and other fish. Originally a war club. JSE. 36, MR. Newa, pua wood. From Kapukui, Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 36, MR. Newa, kauila. From Piimauna, Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 36,. MR. Newa, From Mary Kapolena of Kamoiliili, Oahu. Bequeathed to her by her grandfather. Three persons have been done to death with it. JSE. 36, MR. Newa, uhiuhi. Short club for murder. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 36, MR. ** Kauila. Long and slim. 36, MR. 36, MR. ** *' Thick; has beenusedas a hohoa. JSE. 36, MR. 66 4776 4777 4778 4779 4780 4781 4782 4783 4784 4799 4811 4785 4786 4787 4788 4789 4790 4796 4797 4798 4657 4791 Newa, uhiuhi. From Naenelua of Kapalama, Oahu. The log from which this was made was thrown upontheshore of Nuu, Kaupu, Maui, inthetime of Kamehameha I., and carried by the people to the heiau of Punahoa at Mokulau near Nuu. Every- thing of value found upon the beach belonged to the king, who gave bits of this log to his aikanes among whom was Hema the grandfather of Nae- nelua. Hema had this newa made of his share, and once, when on his way from Kawaihae to Waimea on Hawaii, at mid-day seven robbers attacked him. Armed only with his newa he slew them all. So his grandson declares. JSE. 36, MR. Newa, kauila. Kailua, Hawaii. Crooked handle. JSE. 36, MR. '* uhiuhi. " ♦' Hammer-shaped. JSE. 36, MR. '* Curious knot, weatherworn. 36, MR. " pua wood knot with braided cord attached. QE. 36, MR. ** light colored wood, smooth, modern. 36, MR. *' kauila, 7-leaved head. 36, MR. ** light-colored wood, rude. 36, MR. " kauila, human head carved on the edge. QE. 36, MR. Kekaha, N. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 36, MR. ♦' bone of whale. Ancient. JSE. 36, MR. •' stone, 4-leaved head. Waimea, Hawaii. JSE. 36, MR. " *' smooth, well-made, elliptical section. JSE. 36, MR. *• flat. Koloa, Kauai. JSE. 36, MR. •* fish-shaped. JSE. , 36, MR. Newa, stone head only. Formerly fitted to a wooden handle to which it was firmly bound with cords. JSE. A complete specimen of this form is in the British Museum. Newa, stone head only: similar to last. •* " large and heavy. 36, MR. 36, MR. 36, MR. 36, MR. 36, MR. 18, MR. ** '* dark, compact lava, fine finish, Piikoi, wood with braided cord. Used in the lua to entangle the legs of an antagonist.- HG. 36, MR. 4792 4793 4794 4795 4810 4800 4801 4802 4803 4804 4805 4806 4807 4808 4809 67 Newa, wood; found in a stream on Kauai after a freshet. Eight fathoms of aha were attached to it. JSE. 36, MR. Newa, stone. Waimea, Kauai. JSE. 36, MR. smooth. 36, MR. *' ** simply a beach-worn bitof lava. JSE. 36, MR. " " flat stone slung in aha cord. 36, MR. Pahoa, or Dagger, with aha braid to attach it to the waist. QE. Pahoa, or Dagger, with aha cord. QE. *' uhiuhi wood, flat. " *' pointed. M. P. Ailau. *♦ " '• Waimea, Kauai. JSE. 36, MR. 36, MR. 36, MR. 36, MR. 36, MR. 36, MR. 36, MR. '' with a barb. JSE. Leiomano, kauila handle in which is inserted a tooth of the niuhi shark. Kealia, South Kona, Hawaii. JSE. A concealed weapon used to rip open the bowels of an enemy. 36, MR. Leiomano, bone handle with two teeth. 36, MR. Leiomano, wood handle with single tooth and ring to be concealed in the hand. H. R. H. Keeliko- lani. 36, MR. Small weapons armed with shark's teeth were quite common among the old Hawaiians, and are to be seen in many foreign museums, but are rarely seen here. Diameter Inches. Weij?hs. Ounces. 4812 Maa , sling and stone. QE. 2.4 X L8 6 56, MR. 4813-19 ^' pohaku. G.H.Dole, Kau ai. 36, MR. 4820 (( HG. 3.3 X L9 10 36, MR. 4821 clay HG. 2.8 X 1.6 ^H 36, MR. 4822-23 - K 36, MR. 4824-25 " (( JSE. 36, MR. 4826-30 '' lava JSE. 36, MR. 4831-41 - <( Found at Kalihi on the School • grc >unds in one pocket. 36, MR. 4842 Maa, laua; round. H. R . H. Keelikolani. 36, MR. 68 The average size of these sling stones when fashioned into the usual form, pointed at the ends, is 2.4 inches on the axis, and 1.7 inches transverse diameter. The weight averages 5 oz. with a range from 10 to 25^ oz. The slingers are said to have thrown with force and accuracy. The care in shaping the stones indicates the favor in which this weapon was held. Ft. long 4881 The laumaki, uhiuhi wood. JSE. 81^ 36, *MR. 4882 " pahee, kauila, slender. H.R.H.Keelikolani. 51^ 36, *MR. 4883 '' kauila, carved, model only. JSE. 8^ 36, *MR. 4884 ** laumaki, kauila, carved model only. JSE. 6}^ 36, *MR. 4885 " niu. Belonged to Hanakeawe, a warrior. JSE. 6^ 19, *MR. "4886 " plain, flat point. 19, *MR. 4887 '' kuia, ohia kumakua. JSE. 6}( 18, *MR. 4888 '' " plain. 18, *MR. 4889 •' '' " 5^ 18, ^MR. 4890 " carved handle, flat point. QE. 8^ 18, *MR. 4891 '' laumaki, ohia kumakua. Kailua. JSE. Qj{ 18, *MR. 4892 '' mamane, model only. JSE. 6% 18, *MR. 4893 *' laumaki, kauila. Waimanalo, Oahu. JSE. 6^3 18, *MR. 4894 Ihe. Olaa, Hawaii. This spear, whose previous history is unknown, was found on a hill near this village where with a Pu puhi [Case 17] it was regarded with veneration. No one dared to dis- charge either spittle or urine in the neighborhood without first turning away from the sacred objects. JSE. Length Qfi ft. 18, *MR. 4895 Ihe, with a round point. JSE. *' 7>4 ft. 18, *MR. 4905-11 Ihe kauila. Small, resembling ihe pahee. EH. The ihe seldom exceeded 8 feet in length and was usually sharp pointed and well finished ; the kuia was also rather short, with one end blunt, and served as a stafl" in walking; the pololu was a very long stick, with the butt carved in various patterns, the shaft often not smoothed, and the point hardly sharpened. It was also some- times made of great length, and very heavy, to set up before a chiefs house as a mark of his rank; m this case the butt was usually squared to fit a socket sunk in the ground. Old pololus were often made to 69 do service as kahili sticks. Yet again when they became obsolete as weapons they were cut up for oos or spades. 800 Pololu kauila, square butt, very heavy. Chiefs standard. U }( ft. long. EH. 801 Pololu kauila; slender. QE. EH. 802 *' ** square butt. " EH. 803 *' '' round " EH. 804 Pololu kauila, square butt. JSE. The tree grew at Puukapele, Kauai, from which this spear was made for Kamehameha I., who gave it to his soldier and aikane H^ma just before the battle of Mukuohai against Kiwalao. Henia also used it in six other important battles, viz., at Lau).)ahoehoe against Keoua Kuahuula, in a sea fight in the Moana o Alanuihaha against Kahekili and Kaeo; at the battle of lao against Kahekili and Kaleikapule; in the battle of Ka- naawa at Hilo, Hawaii against Namakeha; at Keaau, Puna, in the excursion of Kaleleiki; at Kaunakakai, Molokai, against Kaleikupule. In the peace that followed the old spear was trim- med into an auamo aipuupuu and used to carry the calabashes of the chiefs. EH. , square butt. QE. EH. QE. EH. round butt. QE. EH. octahedral butt. QE. EH. square butt. QE. EH. rough stick EH. slender, flat point; rather an ihe. EH. clumsy, thick. QE. EH. used as an auamo. QE. EH. octahedral butt. QE. EH. , plain, round. EH. square butt. JSE. EH. , round. JSE. Originally from Kauai, this spear has been in the same family for seven generations, viz., Kuelupai, father of 805 Pololu kauila 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 Pololu kauila 816 • (( (( 817 Pololu kauila 70 Aama, father of Mohonoho, father of Kuahui- kala, father of Kamai, father of Kalimakuhi, father of Hoopai from whom the spear was purchased. These men were iwikuamoo of the Kings of Maui, and used the weapon in the battles of Kulaokamaomao and Kapaniwai at lao, against l^amehameha I. 818 Pololu kauila, round butt. 819 " " octahedral butt. HG. ' 820 '* " round butt, flat point. 821 Pololu kauila, round butt. JSE. The tree grew at N. Kona, Hawaii.^ Kanapua, with a stone axe, cut down the tree and fashioned the spear about the time of the arrival of Cook. Kanapua was a body servant of Hinai of Waimea, Hawaii. The spear was used in the battle of Kapaniwai. Kanapua died in 1843, and the spear passed to his son Kaneakua, who took it to Waialua, Oahu in 1846, and after thirty years brought it to Ho- nolulu. 822 Pololu kauila. 823 824 '* " square butt, long and heavy. HG. 825 ** " heavy. 842 ** '* QE. Hourglass handle. 843 " '* thick, clumsy. QE. 844 *' " auamo. 845 " " plain round. JSE. 846 ** ** *' '' QE. 847 " *' QE. Auamo. 848 *' *^ QE. 849 850 '' " QE. 851 ** " Laaloa, Kona, Hawaii. Probably an auamo. JSE. 852 '' *' plain, rough and heavy. QE. 853 Pololu kauila. JSE. Bought of Keaka of Puueo, Hilo. It was made by his father Keawe, a sol- dier and aikane of Kahekili King of Maui, and has often been used in battle. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. 71 854 Pololu kauila, round. 855 2305 2306 2307 2308 2309 has been used as an auamo. QE. rough. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. EH. Other spears may be seen in the KahiH Room, used as Kahili handles. Placed with the deadly weapons, although not used in warfare, are the cords with which the Mu killed the victims for a sacrifice. As it was important that the victim should not be bloody, he was either killed by a blow on the head^ or a noose of strong cord was thrown over his head and tightened until suffocation en- sued. The cord in the Museum specimens of these implements is of olona, and braided in the manner of the hair leis; the knobs are of ivory. 4868-79 Strangler's Cords. [Four only on exhibition.] 36, MR. 4880 " " kauila handle or knob. 36, MR. 4685 Model of ancient mask of gourd; for rowers in a war canoe. W.T.B. 8, KR. WORSHIP. A lengthy account of the ancient Hawaiian theology would be needful for a full understanding of the figures and fetishes in this Museum, and this of course cannot be given here. Unfortunately the idols were generally destroyed at the time of the abolition of the Kapu system, and the very few that escaped, hidden by the devotees who were by no means sure of the permanence of the new regime, are now mostl)i in foreign lands. Boston, London and Berlin have more Hawaiian idols than can be found on the Group where once men bowed in fear or reverence before them. And yet the number of graven images was very great. Heiaus or temples were so numerous in the thickly settled district near the shore that from the walls of one the next was plainly seen. From Kailua to Kealakeakua on Hawaii there was at least one heiau to every half mile along the road. There were two forms of heiau; the more ancient 72 was a truncated pyramid of stone, oblong in plan and approached by terraces; on the top stood the sacred house sheltering the especial idols, the altar of offerings and the oracle; while around the edge stood a row of large and grotesquely carved images of wood. The later form of heiau was the same in ground plan but the pyramid was hollow; in other words there were four high walls enclosing the holy place, and from which even the eyes of the profanum vulgus could be excluded. As in the older pattern, the upper wall bristled with images, always frightful, often obscene. It is interesting to note in passing that the older heiau closely resembled the teocalli of the aboriginal Americans; the same pyramidal form, the grass house on top, the terraced ascent. Not only were there these general heiaus, dedicated to some one of the chief gods, but also a multitude of fisherman's heiaus marked every highland along shore. The images were dressed by their worshipers, and many a piece of red kapa was devoted to this pur- pose. No wonder that the Hawaiian spoke of the 40,000 gods, for their images must have numbered many thousands. Of the fence images, as they may be called, two are in this Museum; and of the more elaborate figures of the interior, one 6 ft. 8 in. high is in Boston, another is in Salem, while a third is in the British Museum. Photographs of all these are in the Picture Gallery. In cutting the Haku ohia, as the idol was at first called, many prayers were uttered and a human sacrifice was offered with a hog. The latter was eaten and the former buried near the stump that had furnished the log. The long prayers and tedious ceremonies lasting several days or even weeks if the omens were unpropitious, ended by the installation of the new **Moi" on the lananuu or stage in the holy house. While Ku, Kane, Lono and Kanaloa were the supreme gods, almost every man had his own deity while his wives had others. So the hula dancers worshiped Laka, robbers Kuialua, fishermen Kuula, their wives Hina. Laamaomao was god of the winds, Kahakuo of the mountains, Kaheholopali of precipices, Keaokiai of the east, Keaohalo of the west, and so on through the forty thousand. Very few of the images extant can be indentified with this or that god, and it is quite probable that the same log had to personify several deities during its existence. . Any peculiar stone was sure to be sancti- fied as the earthly residence of some potent spirit, and certain woods 73 as kauila, iliahi, lama, mapele and ohia were the favorite abode of deity. In the early days of the Hawaiian Mission the natives were very loth to speak of the doings of the heathen cult, and seemed heartily ashamed of their naaupo; of later years the repugnance to heathen customs has largel}^ disappeared, but the knowledge of the former days has gone also. As in most countries the early religion was distinctly phallic, the visible origin of life naturally preceeding the invisible. Importation of foreign gods followed, and the Spanish immigrants of the sixteenth century seem to have left traces of Hebrew legends adopted by Christians in the Old Testament. Certainly the ancient gods in- terested themselves in the affairs of men in a very practical way, for they collected the taxes and surveyed the land in the days of maka- hiki; they- marched to battle with the chiefs, and by their terrible visages put the enemy to rout, unless indeed his gods were uglier; in fine all events of life saw their intervention, and from the concep- tion of the child until his final burial, prayers to the gods were almost unceasing. These prayers, if they ever meant anything, are now quite unintelligible, and seem mainly *'vain repetitions." 1 32 Kalaipahoa. Poison God. The story of the origi- nal Kalaipahoa has been so often told that it need not be repeated here. The present image is of black ohia a yard tall and a foot broad. Dog's teeth were inserted in his gums, and his head was adorned with human hair fastened into holes with flat peg's. Teeth and hair have gone through his great age or some unknown cause. It was found with a broken arm and leg in the year 1852, at Hauula, Oahu, at the foot of a cliff, having apparently endeavored, with the help of a goat, to get out of the cave in which it had been hidden. The injured god was at once taken by the natives to their pastor, Rev. John S. Emerson. In his house it remained some time but as its physical condition did not improve, it was sent to Mr. Emerson's classmate Rev. Caleb Kimball of Medway, Mass. After Mr. Kimball's death his heirs sold the idol and it returned to its native shores in 1886. In the 74 back of the image may be seen a cavity to which a cover was formerly fitted; in this small images or fetishes were placed to receive mana or di- vinity through the worship rendered to this marsupial god. JSE. 17, *MR. 133 Kaoa paao. A large round stone said to have been brought by Paao the priest or kahuna from Ka- hiki. Dr. Edw. Arning, the collector, says: — "I was informed by A. Fornander of the location of these two celebrated stones. He had seen them in 1870. They were then hidden again in the makai wall of the heiau Mookini, Puuepa, Kohala, Hawaii. I succeeded in obtaining the stones in August, 1885. The very morning I went down to Mookini the native, Koa, living near the heiau had got them out of their hiding place to send them to the king [Kalakaua]. I persuaded him to let me have one of them. He made it a condition that I should send the other to the king, which I did. This stone is Kaoa paao, and was looked upon by K£\as a powerful fish- god. A small bay and boat-landing near Moo- kini was pointed out to me by Koa as the place where the canoe containing the two stones arrived from Kahiki." JSE. The shape of this stone ball as well a§ its substance does not at all correspond with *'Na Ulu a Paao," seen and described by Judge Fornander [Polynesian Race, II., 37]. 17, MR. 134 A red handkerchief containing awa, etc. an offering to Pele the goddess of the volcano. Found on the still warm lava of the Flow of 1887, near the road, by JSE. Doubtless intended to ap- pease the goddess. 17, MR. 1 35 Laau Kalaipahoa, of sandal-wood; formerly used by Kaahia, a kahuna anaana of Kawaihae-uka, Hawaii, who by scrapings of this block could send an ^'aumakua ino" to afflict or even destroy his victim. 17, MR. 75 1 36 Laau Kalaipahoa, of kauila; used by Niheu of Wai- pio, Hawaii, to secure aid from his aumakua Kalaipahoa. Scrapings from it not only could ward evil from Niheu, but bring distress or even death upon his foes. JSE. 17, MR. ^ 137 Laau Kalaipahoa, of kauila; long kept by a kahuna in Puna, Hawaii. JSE. 17, MR- *" 4057 Laau Kalaipahoa, worshiped as the poison god in Honolulu. Presented by Rev. James Bicknell together with the following: 17, MR. " 4062 Kii, the wife of Kalaipahoa; a block of wood. 17, MR. * 4058 Laau aumakua, kauila. Obtained by Waihinalo from Puna, Hawaii, w^here it had long been used by a kahuna for anaana. JSE. 17, MR. ^ 330 Laau aumakua, nioi wood. Very ancient family fetishes. Scrapings were used to protect from evil, either by sprinkling or drinking the infusion. Especially useful before a journey. JSE. 17, MR. • 332 Laau aumakua odd bits of wood long preserved in the family of Kanaloa as charms. JSE. 17, MR. ^ 4063 Pohaku aumakua no Kumuhea he elemakule lolo. The family god of an old fisherman who prayed to it for an abundant supply of akule fish. It was always kept wrapped in kapa. Kailua, Ha- waii. JSE. • 4067 Pohaku aumakua Kalaipahoa. In a casket. QE. * 328 Pohaku o Keawehoopohaku, one of the aumakuas. Obtained from a native lady of Honolulu who was with difficulty persuaded to give up this charm. JSE. I' 4044 Kealoewa, goddess of rain. Curiously carved from kauila wood and carrying on its back a socket with two figures on the rim; dog teeth and human hair; red puakui kapa malo. In the possession of Mrs. Whitney of Kauai for fifty years, and at the sale of her effects it came to W. T. Brigham of Boston, and was finally purchased for this Museum. 17, MR, 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. 76 A small stone god, corrugated, but in the 17, MR. 17, MR. 4048 4049 4051 4053 159 17, MR. 4045 Akua pohaku. beach worn. 4046 Akua pohaku. Stone similar to last, natural condition. 4047 Pohaku melomelo. JSE. This smooth beach pebble weighing 2 lbs., and 9^ in. in circumference, was anciently used in a curious manner, and a tolerably full history of its adventures is preserv- ed. The kahuna who owned it breathed over it a prayer and then threw the stone at his intended victim. The obedient stone passed through the alimentary canal in a direction opposite to that followed by the food, and returned to the kahuna after the fashion of a boomerang, leaving the poor fellow at whom it was thrown, and through whom it passed, in a very disorganized condition. It is not mentioned whether the stone brought back the man's teeth on its return journey. Pohaku aumakua, "Onohi o ka la;" smooth pebble. 17, MR. * ''Lilihi o ka la" '' '' 17, MR. ^' " QE. Perhaps a noa stone. 17, MR. Kahakahi. Owl-god. A dark green stone, beach- worn. HG. Idol of ohia, most rudely fashioned and apparently quite recent. It was brought by Rev. J. M. Alex- ander from the Anakii, a natural temple in Keau- hou. This cave is at the head of a ravine in an ancient lava stream. Its dimensions are about 30 X 35 ft., and 30 ft. high. The neatly paved floor had in the middle a circularfireplacearound which formerly stood perhaps twenty images, of which this was the last. JSE. I cannot believe in the genuineness of this log in its character of idol. W. T. B. 315 Akua lawaia. Fisherman's god of kawau [?] wood. Found in an upright position in a pao or small pit prepared for its reception in the stones at the east end of the kahua of the "Hale ili maia" in the old fort at Kailua, Hawaii, a little way west 17, MR. 17, MR. 77 316 317 4056 4064 4065 4066 4068 4055 4059 4060 4061 319 325 of the small cape called *'ka waha o ka kii**. Rev. S. E. Bishop states that in his childhood he used to see six large wickerwork images standing in a row on long poles at the entrance of this large house of the Kamehamehas. JSE. Kuula. Fisherman's god. Koloa, Kauai. JSE. Papa kahuli. The stone altar on which the god No. 316 was placed with offerings of ia ula, awa and five leaves of the grass called puaa lau or kukaepuaa [Panicum pruriens] that the fish might be drawn towards shore. The grass is a substitute for a live pig. JSE. Kaakau. A female akua oopu. In the time of Kahekili, king of Maui, it was the akua of Kua- hine the konohiki of Waihee used to bring the oopus on to the ha or fish rack.. The process consisted in anointing the stone with coconut oil and uttering suitable prayers. It could also attract the nau birds to the net. From Kuahine this passed to Kanihoa, a chief; from him to Kaanai, Kealiilawaia of Waihee, and Kanui who sold it to JSE. Mahiole pohaku. Stone helmet from an idol. Akua, rude. Akua pohaku, dug out of the mud of an old kalo patch on the premises of C. Afong, Nuuanu St., and presented by Mrs. Afong. Akua ; of wood, much injured by fire and decay ; found in a dam on Kauai. It was one of the images on the outer wall of the heiau. HG. Akua pohaku. JSE. *' " Rude image. Maui. H. M. Liliu- okalani. Akua pohaku okalani. Akua pohaku Akua pohaku 17, MR. 17, MR. Fish god. Fish god. Kuula ia. from Halawa, Molokai. JSE. JSE. Fish god, fish shape, R. W. Meyer. 17, MR. Rude image. Maui. H. M. Liliu- 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. EH. 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. 17. MR. 78 326 Akua pohaku. Kuula 3-pointed stone, from Hala- wa, Molokai. R. W. Meyer. 17, MR. 327 Akua pohaku. Plaster cast of a head in the posses- sion of R. W. Meyer. 17, MR. 324 Kuula ia. A small double headed image of shell. Kailua, Hawaii. JSE. 17, MR. *• 1 260 He akua o ka po^ mahiai. God of Husbandry. Rudely carved from a block of lava. Honokua, Hawaii. JSE. 17, MR. ♦ 1 358 Akua, of wood, neatly carved. From the heiau at Kawaihae. 14}^ inches high. S. M. Damon. 17, MR. 1359 Akua of wood, 5 inches high. 17, MR. 1360 '' '' 11>^ inches high. 17, MR. 1361 *' '' sy2 *' ^' 17, MR. 1362 *' '' 9 " " 17, MR. 1363 '- of kauila, male. HG. 22 1^ inches high. 17, MR. 1364 *' of ohia, much decayed. Presented by the Trustees of Oahu College. 42 inches high. 17, MR. # 1366 Akua pohaku. Stone image in the attitude of prayer. HG. 7 inches high. 17, MR. 3900 Kukailimoku the feather war-god of Kamehameha, entrusted to his care by Kalaniopuu at his death. To this god the Conqueror built the fine heiau Puukohola, at Kawaihae, in 1791. Several of these images still exist, the best one being in Boston. They were made with considerable skill from netting, to which was attached red and yel- low feathers in the same way as to the beautiful cloaks. In the present specimen the hair is human, and the immense mouth is armed with dog's teeth. In 1865 it was still in good pre- servation, but it has now become much dilapi- dated and few feathers remain. Presented by the Trustees of Oahu College. 17, MR. 4896 Akua kahiko ohia. A fine remnant of the large mouthed deities who guarded sacred places, such as the Hale o Keawe at Honaunau, Hawaii, or « the Kamehameha house at Kailua. Although charred by fire and weather-worn it still presents 79 4897 4898 4899 4076 4069 167 172 173 4900 4901 4902 4903 4904 all the traits with which it was originally en- dowed. Presented by the Trustees of Oahu College. 8}i feet high. Akua kahiko ohia. A very rude image of peculiar form. QE. Akua kahiko. Stone image cut on the edge of a slab of lava. Found in a cave at Kailua when blasting for a road. Stone slab from the pavement of a fisherman's heiau on a hill at Kapoho, Puna, Hawaii. The area about the altar was paved with such stones. Eho pohaku. Phallus very large and definite. G. H. Dole, Kauai. 16 inches high. Eho pohaku. Phallus. JSE. JSE. Found in the plat- form of a house, Kawaihae uka. Eho pohaku. Phallus. JSE. Kau. JSE. Kau. EH. EH. 17, MR. EH. 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. 17, MR. The people of the present day know nothing of the origin of these ancient idols, and call them stones to cook birds with; but apart from the fact that their shape is unsuitable for that purpose, the lava of which many of them are made will fly to pieces when heated. Others have undoubtedly been used as cooking stones. A number of finely wrought stone cups are in this Museum and their use and purpose is still much of a mystery* Some say they are lamps, and they may have been so used; others, that they were to hold ink for the tatauer; certainly they have been used in the hula dance to make disgusting noises by pressing the wetted edges against some soft part of the body; the kahunas claim them as blistering cups, and finally, what has led to their insertion in this place, they were used by the kahuna anaana as a fufnace in which to burn some ^art of his intended victim. For this last purpose it sufficed to collect a few hairs, nail-parings or spittle of the person whose death was sought, 80 burn them in this cup and scatter the ashes in the water he was accustomed to drink. 940 Kapuahi kuni anaana. Stone cup for sorcerers'use. 17, MR* 941 '' '' " JSE. Kahuku, Oahu. OUv- ine lava. 17, MR. 942 Kapuahi kuni anaana. JSE. Waimanalo, Oahu. 17, MR. 943 '' '' " G. H. Dole, Kauai. 17, MR. 944 " " " '' ** 17, MR. 4071 Kauila cane from the "Hale nana;" presented by Rev. J. Bicknell. 17, MR. 4072--75 Batons of kauila. "Hale nana;" presented by Rev. J. Bicknell. 17, MR. 638 Covered calabash of kou, used by the members of the '*Hale Naua" to contain certain relics, as a bit of kapa, olona cord, fish work, ulumaika, etc. 4973 Pu puhi. A cassis shell trumpet from Olaa, Ha- waii, where it was regarded as a very sacred ob- ject. Perhaps it was one of the conchs which the gods blew every night at Pueohulunui to bother King Liloa. JSE. 17, MR. 186 Akua mano. Shark god from a cave on Hawaii. 17, MR. 187 ** " Found in the aa near the shore at Alae, S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 17, MR. ORNAMENTS. Flowers have always been a favorite ornament of the Hawaii- ans of both sexes, and although the supply of beautiful flowers, before foreign importations, was very limited, still attractive leis were woven of the ohia lehua, maile and other native blossoms, while the fruit of the hala furnished, and still furnishes, necklaces both showy and odoriferous. ' All these, however, were perishable^ More permanent were the marks of the tatauers, although this prac- tice was neither so general, nor were the designs so artistic as on the southern islands or in New Zealand. Goats, lizards, crescents and triangles were sparingly scattered over the face and body. 81 Kupees and leis of shells were both durable and beautiful, especially those made on Niihau of a small white columbella. Boar's tusks, seeds and dried fruits also contributed to personal decoration. Most characteristic of all were the necklaces of many strands of human hair finely braided in a square braid, to which was suspended the cherished ornament carved from a whale's tooth. These were kapu to all below the rank of chief. In modern times, since hats have been worn, bands of feathers of various imported birds, have been made, and the braid of these hats may fairly be classed with the ornaments. 1268 Lei palaoa. Necklace of whale's ivory, 16 poly- hedral beads. HG. 30, MR. 1269 Lei palaoa. 12 fusiform ivory beads, no niho. 30, MR. 1270 *' 4 *' " ** alternating with red glass beads. 30, MR. 1271 Lei palaoa, like preceding. 30, MR. 1272 '' 7 polyhedral ivory beads alternating with red glass beads. 30, MR. 1273 Lei palaoa. 4 fusiform ivory beads strung on 11 strands of black glass beads. Found in a cave ^ at Kalapana, Hawaii, with the bones of Keani- ani, an old chief. JSE. 30, MR. 1274 Lei palaoa. 12 ivory beads alternating large and small. .30, MR. 1275 Lei palaoa. 4 fusiform ivory beads, with red glass beads. 30, MR. 1276 Lei palaoa, like preceding. 30, MR. 1277 ** 5 fusiform ivory beads. Time of Van- couver. HG. 30, MR. 1293 Lei palaoa. 5 fusiform ivory beads, with red glass beads. JSE. 30, MR. 1294 Lei palaoa, 4 fusiform ivory beads, slender. 30, MR. 1295 " 7 " ** - JSE. 30,- MR. 1296 *' 2 *' andlOovalivorybeads. JSE. 30, MR. 1308 Lei niho palaoa. Strands of human hair and ivory hook. QE. 30, MR. 82 1 309 Lei niho palaoa. QE. 30, MR. 1310 u HG. 30, MR. 1311 (» 30, MR. 1313 a QE. 30, MR. 1314 a 30, MR. 1315 XI QE. 30, MR. 1316 a small. 30, MR. 1317 n JSE. Kona, Hawaii. 30, MR. 1318 n JSE. 30, MR. 1320 u JSE. 30, MR. 1321 u 30, MR. 1322 u D. 1323 (< small. D. 1324 a (( 30, MR. 1325 n H.R.H. Keelikolani . Large and fine. 30, MR. 1326 Lei niho palaoa, large and fine. 30, MR. 1327 a u fine braid. 30, MR. 1328 (( (( ^ in.; Width inside, 11)4 in.; Centre of canoe to centre of out-rigger, 10^ ft. 93 Blade: Inches. 299 Hoe, paddle, kauwila wood. HG. I'2>^x2l>^ 22, *MR. 300 " " " HG. 301 " '* koa, for a woman. QE. 7x11 22, *MR. 302-6 Hoe, paddle, koa. Dr.T.C.B.Rooke. QE. All with io. 2J,*MR. 307 Hoe, paddle, koa, K.imehameha IV. QE. 15j^x25^ 21, ^MR. 308 Hoe, paddle, koa, Kamehameha IV. Polished to show wood. QE. 21, MR. 309 Hoe, paddle, koa, old and mended. HG. D. 310 Hoe, paddle, koa, for a woman. Kai- lua, Hawaii. JSE. 21, *MR. 794 Hoe, paddle, koa, for steering, very lar.^e and heavy. 16 x 38 37, *MR. 795 Hoe, paddle, kauila, model to show the io or projection on the blade. JSE. 22, *MR. 51 38 Hoe, paddle, koa. 37, *MR. 5139 " " " 37, *MR. 5140 " '' '' 36, *xMR. 5141 " " " 38, *MR. 5142-44 Hoe, paddle, koa, in canoe 407. 5145 Hoe, paddle, koa, *small blade, 17x8 21-22, ^^MR. 3891 Waa, canoe model, double. H. M. Liliuokalani. 22, MR. 3892 Waa, canoe, model, double. 22, MR. 3893 Waa, canoe model, single. Rigged. with sail. 22, *MR. 3894 Waa, canoe model, single. 22, MR. 3895 " " " '' 22, MR. 3896 '' '' '' '' sandal-wood. 22^ MR. 3897 " '' '' double. 21, ^MR. 3901-2 " " " " QE. 22, MR. 3903 " " '' single, small, rude. 22, MR. * From Dr. N. B. Emerson, who has made a special study of the Hawaiian canoe, and who is by far the best authority on the subject, we learn that the handle of a paddle, was called kuau; the blade, laulau; the base of the blade next the handle, puukele; and the projection at the point, upe. 94 3912 Wae waa. Cross brace of a canoe. 22, MR. 3913 '' '* '' '' 22, MR. 3914 '' '' '' '' 22, MR. 3905 Rack for fisfi-poles, figure carved on end. These were lashed to the iako or arm connecting the outrigger to the canoe. Kau. 22, MR. 3906 Rack for fish-poles [Ihu waa], two heads carved. HG. 22, MR. 3907 Rack for fish-poles, two heads. 22, MR. 3908 '' " plain. 22, MR. 3909 '' '' '* 22, MR. 3910 " '* '' 22, MR. 391 1 Rack for fish-poles; plain, flat. 22, MR. Nets were made, by preference, of the cord of olona, which was not only exceedingly durable but also strong and flexible. In some cases aha or coconut cord was used, but though durable, it lacked the flexibility of olona. The shuttles and mesh-sticks used in net making are in case 27, MR. Where floats were needed they were of wiliwili wood; the sinkers of stone. 756 Upena nae, used to catch nehu, iau, piha, etc. 21, MR. 757 " '' 21, MR. 758 " kuu, 7 ft. wide, 82 ft. long. 21, MR. 759 ** '' 12 ft. wide. 22, MR. 760 ** makahi, used for ocean fishing for opelu, etc. 22, MR. 761 " paoo or iau. 21, MR. 792 *' papai, for crabs. 21, MR. 763 ** ahuulu, used with pula or broom. Upena pani. 22, MR. 764 Upena, ahuulu. 22, MR. 765 ** paoo for opae, used generally by women and at night. Also called kaee paoo. 22, MR. 766 Upena akiikii to catch pahuhu. Stick and 2 stone sinkers. 22, MR. 767-8 Upena uhu. With 2 sticks. 22, MR. 5175 ** olona S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, *MR. 5176 '' scoop-net, large. 21, *MR. 5310 ** large. HG. D. 21, *MR. 21, *MR, ron 2-2, ^^MR, 21 , MR, no- MR, •21 , MR, liu- 21 , MR, 21 , MR. 21 , MR. 22 !, MR. 95 769 Kao or fish spear. Wooden prongs for manini and kumu. Maui. JSE. 770 Kao or fish-spear. Iron prongs. HG. 796 Kao, or fish -spear. Kauila, with a single prong. JSE. 773 Hinai hooluu ia. Fish-trap basket of ie. 774 Hinai hooluu ia. Fish-trap basket of ie. F maliiio, Kona, Hawaii, JSE. 3839 Hinai hooluu ia. Fish-trap. JSE. 3840 Hinai hooluu ia. Fish-trap, Hinalea. H.M.Liliu okalani. 3841 Hinai hooluu ia. Funnel-shaped basket. 3846 " " " 3847 " " " Long, bottle-shaped. 3842 Hinai hoomoe ia. Made of ie. A fisVi, perhaps uhu, opule or moano is kept in this basket immersed in the sea until wanted as a decoy when a string is passed throngh its snout, and it is allowed to swim around the net. JSE. 21, MR. 3843 Hinai hoomoe ia. 21, MR. 3844 Hinai hoomoe ia; well made. > 22, MR. 3845 Hinai hoomoe ia; well made, small. 22, MR. On the coast of Hawaii Fishing-sticks, Laau melomelo, are used to attract the fishes. The sticks are smeared with bait and left in the water to draw fish to the fisherman. The palu or bait is prepared in various ways, each fisherman having his own recipe, which is better than all others. The base is always alaala hee, the ink bag of the common squid roasted in ki leaves on the coals until well cooked. As this palu is generally used as bait it may be well to give here a list of recipes collected by Mr. Emerson. A. — Pound up a little alaalapuloa root in the mortar, throw away the fibre, leaving only a few drops of juice, then mix in the alaala hee, working it thoroughly with the pestle. [For these mortars and pestles see below, page 103.] B. — Crush a chili, throwing seeds and pulp away, and add the alaala hee! 96 C. — Take the juice of puakala seeds [Argenione mexicana\ add the alaala hee. D. — To the alaala hee add ilima flowers {Sida Meyenia7ia\ and salt, always using an exact number of flowers, as four or eight. E. — The same with salt and young leaves of noni [Morinda citri- folia] slightly roasted. F. — Alaala hee with salt and maile kaluhea [Alyxia olivaeformis]. G. — Alaala hee with salt and poha [Physalis Peruviana] . H. — Alaala hee, salt and very young leaves of koko [Euphorbia lorifolia. I. — Alaala hee, salt and bark from the root of pilo [Coprosma sp.] . J. — Alaala hee, salt and root bark of naunau, K. — Kukui nuts well roasted and crushed, then add the alaala hee. L. — Mix with old, hard coconut roasted to a crisp and crushed, a ' little slightly cooked coconut with salt and alaala hee. M. — Flavor the alaala hee with cinnamon. N. — Flavor with the fruit of mokihana [Pelea anisata]. O. — Add a few drops of brandy, gin or other intoxicant. P. — Squid ink and Perry Davis' Painkiller. Q. — Squid ink and kerosene oil. R. — Squid ink and tobacco juice. S. — Squid ink and juice of the seeds of auhola \Tephrosia pisca- toria] . This plant is regularly used to poison or stupify fish in ponds. T. — Mix the alaala hee with salt and charcoal from mahuna kapa. U. — Mix the alaala hee with salt and burnt sugar cane. V. — Salt the alaala hee before roasting. The fish caught with this bait spread on the tip of the hook are: Kole, Kolenukuhau, maiii, manini, maikoiko, aloiloi, hinalea, naenae. pakuikui, pakolekole, uhu, onihoniho, laipala, palani, walu, umauma- lei; all of them small fish caught near the shore. 97 5119-22 Laau melomelo. Fishing sticks. [4] JSE. Kona, Hawaii. 21, *MR. 5123-26 Laau melomelo. Fishing sticks. [4] JSE. Kona, Hawaii. 22, *MR. 5127 Laau melomelo. Fishing stick. 21, MR. 5128-30 " " *' '' Kona, Hawaii. 22, MR. 5133-37 '' '* '* *' '' " D. 157-158 Na papa kupalupalu mano o Alapai nui. Two curious double-edged wooden platters of elliptical form used as bait dishes by King Alapainui of Hawaii. A human victim, usually a slave, was cut up and left to decompose for several days, then put on these platters and carried to sea on » the pola of a double canoe. The hinu or oil which was allowed to drip mto the water attract- ed the sharks, and the trail thus laid drew them into deep water where the king and alii fought them with great skill and courage. Alapainui is supposed to have died in 1754, and at that time these platters were placed with other relics in a puoa at Puuanahulu, N. Kona, where they were carefully guarded by successive generations of kahus until 1868, when the lava flow threatened to cover the hiding-place, and they were removed to a house in Kaupulehu. Here they were kept until the last of the kahus died in April, 1883. They were then purchased for this collection. JSE. 21, MR 775 Makau ia hapuupuu. Curious hooks with barb of human bone. 21, MR. 3658 Makau ia hapuupuu, on card in the special collec- tion of ftsh-hooks. 20, PG. 3659 Makau ia hapuupuu. HG. 21, MR. 777 Makau mano, Kiholo. A very large hook of wood, always baited with human flesh. HG. For shark fishing. 21, MR. 3461 Makau mano. Smaller wooden hook. 21, MR. 3462 '' '' " " " 21, MR. 98 3822 Pokaa aho. Reel for fish-line. Portion of the neck of a huewai. 22, MR. 3823 Pokaa aho and olona line. Kekuanaoa and Ka- mehameha V. 22, MR. 3824 Pokaa aho and olona line. Kekuanaoa. 22, MR. 3825. " ' '' " Fragment of gourd. 22, MR. 771 Aho lawaia olona. Fish-line for kalekale, oio, ulua, weke, etc. Very old. 21, MR. 771 Aho lawaia olona. Fish-line, larger: for ahi, kahelo, etc. JSE. 21, MR. 3884 Aho lawaia niu. Fish-line, Kalihi, Oahu. JSE. 21, MR. 3885 '' olona. ^' HG 22, MR. 3886 '' " '' 200 fathoms. HG. 22, MR. 5146-47 Stone sinkers. 21, MR. 5288-89 Coral sinkers. HG. 22, MR. 3861 Poho aho. Gourd for fish-line, coconut cover, olo- na line. 22, MR. 3870 Poho aho. 21, MR. 3871 '' JSE. ' 21, MR. 3872 ** coconut cover, olona line. 21, MR. 3873 '' HG. 21, MR. 3874 " HG. 22, MR. 3875 *' coconut cover, fine olona line. 21, MR. 3876 " small. HG. 21, MR. 3904 " no cover. HG. D. While the poho aho of gourd were used to hold the olona fish- line, another form of container called ipule'i, of which the small body was of wood and the much larger cover of gourd, was used for the hooks, and sometimes for hooks and line both. 3849 Ipu le'i, kou, small cover of gourd. JS E. 21, MR. 3850 " large " a 21, MR 3851 ( a a (( " JSE. 22, MR 3852 ( (( tt (( ♦^ JSE. 22, MR 3853 ' hahao makau. 21, MR 3854 ' Honaunau, S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, MR 3856 ' no cover. 21, MR 3856 kou. HG. 21, MR. 3857- 3859- 3869 3994 3882 3883 3887 3888 3877 3878 3879 3880 3881 3995 99 58 Ipu le'i, kou. HG. 21, MR. 60 Ipu le'i, kou. HG. 31, MR. Ipu le'i, both part ipu, small. [Similar one among the relics. 32, MR.] 21, MR. Ipu le'i, both parts ipu, small. Kamehameha IV. HG. 21, MR. Hinai. Basket for fish. HG. 22, MR. Hinai of lauhala for bait and hooks. With side pocket for hooks. Hinai. HG. Coarse. " JSE. Ipu olowai. Fisher's water gourd. '' HG. '* fine specimen. " large. HG. 22, MR. 22, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 22, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 22, MR. 21, MR. Fish-hooks were made of ea (tortoise-shell), ivory, shell and bone, before the introduction of metal. With the nails obtained from the early visitors the Hawaiians made hooks of a shape similar to that of their earlier hooks, but without a barb; it is true that all the early bone hooks did not have a barb. The hooks were filed with bits of lava of cylindrical form, and the finish is often of the most perfect kind. To each hook when ready for use, is attached a cord called kaa, bound permanently to the shank, and usually whipped with a thread of olona. This, which may be from a few inches to a yard in length, is tied to the aho or long line when used. The space between the point and the shank determines the kind of fish to which the hook is presented. 3862 Maka u ea. Fish-hook of tortoise-shell. With kaa. 21, MR. 3863 " with kaa. 21, MR. 3864 " without kaa. 21, MR. 3680-42 " '' 43 with kaa. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 2-2, MR. 3643-49 " " 7 without kaa. " 22, MR. 3652-70 " '' 19 with kaa. 22, MR. 3671 ^* without kaa. 21, MR. 3672-76 " " 5 '' '' JSE. Kona, Hawaii. 22, MR. 100 3677-88 Makau ea; without kaa. 22, MR. 3741-44 Makau ea; 4 without kaa, on card in the spe- cial fish-hook collection. 20, PG. 3745 Makau ea. Without kaa, very large; special fish- hook collection. 20, PG. 5031-37 Makau ea. 7 with kaa. Kamehameha IV. 22, MR. 3650-51 Makau palaoa, ivory hook with kaa. Shape like preceding. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 21, MR. 3692-99 Makau palaoa, ivory hook with kaa. JSE. 21, MR. 3700 " '' " " JSE. 21, MR. 3689-91 '' '' '' without kaa. 21, MR. 3746-49 '* *' without kaa, on card in special collection of hooks. 20, PG. 5285 Makau iwi kanaka. Human bone hook. HG. 21, MR. 3753 Makau papaua. Kauai. JSE. 3754 '' " Hawaii. JSE. 3755 '' '' Kauai. JSE. 3756 '^ '' '' JSE. ' 3757 '' '' '' JSE The five shell-hooks catalogued above are without kaas, and are solid shell the last is one of the smallest hooks used. All are on card in the special collection of fish-hooks. Quite different in form and construction are the following, the first three of which are in the special collection. There is a shank of papaua or pearl-shell, to which is attached, by fibres passed through drilled holes, a barb or point of bone, often human, or ea. From their use to catch aku, they take theirname. 3750-52 Pa hi aku, shell and bone hook, no kaa. Spe- cial collection. 3701 Pa hi aku. Bon 3702-7 Pa hi aku, with kaa. 3708-9 3710-14 3715 3716-17 3718-20 3723-37 20 PG rb and olona kaa. 21, MR la. JSE. 21, MR H. M. Liliuokalani. 21, MR JSE. Kona, Hawaii. 21, MR Tortoise-shell barb. 21, MR JSE. 21, MR 21, MR quite new. 21, MR 101 3738-49 Pa hi aku; no kaa. 21, MR. 5286-87 Pa hi aku. HG. 21, MR. 3721 Pearl-shell shanks for pa hi aku, 13. JSE. 21, MR. 3740 '' '' HG. iil, MR. 3722 " '' 2 unbored. H. M. Liliuokalani. 21, MR. 787 Pa hi aku, kauaula of bone, pearl-shell and tortoise 799 '' '' HG. 21, MR. The six following specimens of metal hooks are on cards in the special collection. They are among the earliest hooks made from iron and copper. 3760 Makau. Iron, of foreign shape; South Kona, Hawaii.' JSE. 20, PG. 3761 Makau. Iron, old form. 20, PG. 3762-65 '' Copper, old form. 20, PG. 3766-68 '' Iron, no barb, with kaa. 21, MR. 3769 *' Copper, with kaa. 21, MR. 3770 '' Iron, with kaa. 21, MR. 3771-72 ** Iron; no kaa. 21, MR. 3773-74 Makau. Iron, Makau ahi; South Kona, Ha- waii. JSE. 21, MR. 3775-76 Makau. Iron. 21, MR. 3777 '' Copper. S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, MR. 3778 '' Brass, with kaa. H. R. H. Keelikolani. 21, MR. 3779-82 '' Iron, *' '* Makau lauhulu. South Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, MR. 3783 Makau. Iron, with kaa. Makau kahala. S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, MR. 3784 Makau. Iron, with kaa. JSE. 21, MR. 3785-87 Makau. Iron, with kaa. Makau ulua. S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, MR. 3788-89 Makau. Iron. 21, M|l. 381 3 Makau, 2 small iron hooks on a lead bar, with line. S. Kona, Hawaii. JSE. 21, MR. 3814 Makau, iron, with line. 21, MR. 381 5 ** 6 iron with kaa, in hala leaf. M. Kekuanaoa. 21, MR. 3816 ** 4 foreign hooks with kaa in coconut fibre. 21, MR. 102 3817 Makau; 3 iron and kaa in coconut fibre. 21, vr 3818 3 u (( D 3819 2 n (( D 3820 '' 10 n (( D 3821 1 it *' large. 21, MR 3826 Makau kaka. Set of 8 old iron hooks for catching ulaula, kalekale, kahala, oholehole, opakapaka, kaapeape, hapuupuu, opelu and mohokoae. For bait bits of opelu are tied to each hook, and a stone sinker is loosely fastened by lai ki to the end of the line so as to rest on the bottom. With each bite the line is jerked a little to sec- ure the fish, and when the hooks seem filled the sinker its detached with a stronger jerk and the line hauled in steadily. P'ishing in very deep water off the coast of Hawaii. JSE. 3827 Makau kaka, similar to last. 3828 " ** /' *' but with 9 hooks, one foreign. 3829 Makau mano, shark-hook, foreign. JSE. 3830 '' iron, 7 on sticks. 3831 " '' 3832 '' '' large foreign, with line. 3833 '* hauliuli, 2 with kaa. JSE. 3838 '' on stick. QE. 3835 " iron and lead sinker. QE. 3836-37 Makau, iron. 779 Makau kakala hoolou honu. For turtle, 2 iron hooks and iron sinker. JSE. 3790 Makau kakala hoolou honu, iron hook. 3791 '' '' *' '' bone hook. JSE. 3792 ** '* •' ** iron hook. HG. 3793 '' '' '' '' '' JSE. 3794 Makau lu hee. Squid hook. A shell of Cypraea mauritanica serves as bait; to this is attached a stone sinker of similar shape and of some odd stone, and between shell and sinker is a stick to which is attached the hook or hooks of iron or 21, MR 21, MR 21, MR 22, MR 22, MR 22, MR 22, MR 22, MR 22, MR 22, MR D 21, MR 21, MR 21, MR 21, MR 21, MR [3795 13796 3797-98 3799 3800 13801-2 3803 3804 3805 103 bone. The hook is usually concealed in a tuft of leaves attached to the stick. The sinker of course keeps the shell bait above. In this speci- men the hook is of bone. Makau lu hee, granite sinker, bone hook. ** ** bone hook. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. 3806 3807 3808 3809 3810-11 " 3812 3838 3866-67 '' 5182-5273 •* poor specimen bone hook. JSE. '* 2 shells, 2 iron hooks. 1 *' hook. " ** 1 shell, 2 iron hooks, hematite sinker. 21, MR. ^' ^' '* 2 copper hooks, lead sinker. 21, MR. ic (( (( 2 << " << << H. M. Liliuokalani. Makau lu hee, 1 shell *' '' '' *^ Cypraea carneola, copper hooks. .'* " no shell, 2 hooks, lead sinker, bits of shell, no hook. HG. shell and line only. QE. ' 2 shells, 1 hook. '' papaua. Pearl-shell hooks, small. Stone sinkers [9 1 J for squid hooks. 5148 Newa pohaku. Stone club used to kill fish. 5149 5151-59 Laau kui palu. Kauila pestles to grind bait or ' palu. JSE. 5160 Laau kui palu. Large. JSE. 5161 Poho kui palu. Stone mortar for grinding palu. v31 62-64 Poho kui palu. Stone mortars. 5165-74 Poho kui palu. Coconut cups for mixing palu. Hawaii. JSE. 21, MR. 21, MR. 21, MR. D. 21, MR. 21, MR. D. 21, MR. 21, MR. D. 22, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. 22, MR. The collections in the two cases, 21 and 22, are liable to be inier- :hanged from time to time as the arrangement is not complete, but together the two cases contain the fisheries collection, and if a speci- is not found in one it will be in the other case. 104 RELICS OF CHIEFS. The authenticity of these relics seems assured, but there are many other articles, once the property of and used by chiefs and kings, not separated from the general collection. All the kahilis, most of the umekes, the feather capes, leis and other articles, belonged to the ancient nobility. So, too, the weapons were generally associated with chiefly warriors, but the various matters catalogued here are of special interest in connection with the memory of theirlormer owners. They are in Case 32, MR. 1285 1286 1319 1354 1355 1356 1357 2297 2298 Strings of Cypraea moneta once belonging to Namahana the mother of Kaahumanu. Given by Kalama to Kaopua. H. M. Liliuokalani. Pa hi aku or pearl shell hook of Kamehameha I. The bristles at the juncture of the point with the shank are of the indigenous black hog. QE. Lei nijio palaoa. Of Keliimaikai. QE. The label reads as follows: — No Keliimaikai keia lei palaoa. He makana o ke hanau ana o Kaoanaeha ia Kekelaokulani, a o kona inoa i kahea ai no ka moopuna o Kekuiapoiwa o ka makuahine o laua me Kamehameha. Mahiole of wickerwork, covered with human hair; a line of hair on the crest is bleached with lime, a favorite fashion among the ancient Hawaiians as well as with the Fijians and other Islanders. This belonged to Queen Emma's mother. QE. Ipu molowaa. A umeke poi used by Kamehameha I. when in a canoe. It is of kou, of good form, 10 in. diameter, 19^ in. height. HG. Ipu molowaa of Kamehameha I. Odd shape, used for fish. HG. Ipu molowaa of Kamehameha I. Lute-shaped. HG. Mirror in native kou frame, given by Vancouver to Kameha- meha I. Portion of the court dress made in London for the presel tion of Queen Kamamalu in 1824. White silk embrcl ered with silver floral designs.