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THE

AFKICAN KEPOSITORY.

Vol. XL.] WASHINGTON, JUNE, 1864. [No. 6.

CAPTAIN SPEKE’S NARRATIVE.^

The volume which Captain Speke has presented to the world, possesses more than a geographical interest. It is a monument of perseverance, courage, and temper displayed under difficulties which have perhaps never been equalled. Captain Speke set out from the coast opposite to Zanzibar on the 2d of October, 1860, with a train of no less than eighty-six followers, but of these only twelve remained with him till the conclusion of his task. Forty- two deserted their master, sometimes by fours and fives, and, as was to be expected, exactly at the time when their services were most required. Ten Hottentots, selected from the Cape Mounted Rifles, were loyal to the cause, but their constitutions proved utter- ly unable to contend with the hardships of the march ; they speedily sickened, and after tjhe death of one, the rest were sent back. The next, in point of moral qualities, were the Wanguana, or freed negroes of the eastern coast of Africa, a stalwart race who hire themselves out as porters on expeditions into the interior. Not much more than half of these deserted, whereas, out of thirty-six negro gardeners who had been secured at Zanzibar by the exer- tions of Sultan Majid, only nine failed to do so, and of this minor- ity one died and another had to be left behind sick. Ten ran away on the very first day, believing that the Englishmen were canni- bals, who were only taking them into the interior to eat them. Of the other negroes engaged in the interior to supply deficiencies,

* Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile. By John Hanning Speke, Captain, Her Majesty’s Indian Army.

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three-fourths also deserted. Under these circumstances, it is no wonder that, although the space traversed by Captain Speke before arriving at Gondokoro, on the Nile, perhaps does not exceed 1,500 oi 1,600 miles, two years and nearly five months were spent in traversing it.

The first point of importance in the route was Zungamero (lat, 7 deg. 26 min. 53 sec. S., long. 37 deg. 36 min. 45 sec. E.) It is here that begins the ascent of the eastern coast range of moun- tains which form the buttresses of the table land of Central Africa. The continent is well compared by our traveller to a dish turned upside down, the country between Zungamero and the coast being represented by the flat rim.

On the 23d of November the travellers, after surmounting the hilly framework of the mountain range (Usagara), descended into the table-land of Ugogo, an elevated plateau of something more than 3,000 feet above the level of the sea. The country through which they had passed is one which is continually harried by slave-hunters. The poor inhabitants, a timid, spiritless race, live in villages built on hill-spurs, for the facility of resisting a weak party of their persecutors, or dispersing before a more formidable one. Far from attempting to exact transit dues from the passing caravan, they fly on the intimation of its approach, and no pt^- suasions will induce them to quit their refuge.

The inhabitants of Ugogo differ altogether from the persecuted hill-tribes which fringe their territory. They go always armed, build villages of mud huts wherever a spring of water is to be found, keep large numbers of cattle, and grow grain not only for the supply of their own wants, but to sell to the caravans which pass through their country.

It was not till the 24th of January, 1861, that the expedition arrived in Unyamiezi, the country of the Moon, which was the proper scene of its operations. By that time more than the origi- nal number of the force had deserted, more than half the property had been stolen, the travelling expenses had been unprecedented, owing to the prevalence of a famine along the whole line of march, and yet only the first stage and the least difficult of the journey had been completed. Kaze, a well-situated town about five miles within the frontier of Unyamiezi, is the great central depot for the trade in slaves and ivory, and to this point Captain Speke had taken the precaution to send on a large stock of articles of mer- chandise, just as a European traveller carries a letter of credit on a distant bank. Kaze, (which is situated in lat. 5 deg. 0 min. 52 sec. S., long. 33 deg. 1 min. 34 sec. E., at an elevation of 3,564 feet above the sea) is regarded as the capital of Unyamiezi, a large country of an area equal '(Captain Speke thinks) to England. Its inhabitants (Wanyamiezi) are an industrious race, who cultivate extensively, make cloths of their own cotton in their own looms, melt iron and work it up, and breed flocks and herds. They are

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excessive smokers and given to drink, but the greatest traders in Africa think no more of leaving their own country and visiting the coast for commercial purposes than our countryfolk of going to a fair. It so happened that Speke was detained nearly six months in Unyamiezi before he obtained the means of advancing to the next district, Uzinga. The exactions to which he was subjected now were such as to throw all previous attempts at extortion into the shade. In the case of one chief, Makaka, who had enticed him to his palace through collusion (as seemed t(?o probable) with his guide, English patience almost gave way before a series of vexatious annoyances.

But the rapacity of Makaka was eclipsed by that of another chief, Lumeresi, in whose “boma” (fortified palace) Speke was detained for ten weeks, being during a part of the time delirious with fever, and at last owed his deliverance to the arrival of a formal summons from Suv/arora, Lumeresi’s liege lord, who sent his mace — a long rod of iron bound up in stick charms, and called Kaquenzingiriri (commander of all things)— with a message that the white men were his guests and must not be detained. Suwa- rora himself, howeverj was as greedy as his vassal; and plunder- ing went on by himself and his officers by day and the unofficial commonalty by night, until, on the 17th of November, 1861, a year and seven weeks after the commencement of the expedition — the weary travellers entered the belt of neutral territory which sepa- rated the land of the thieves and extortioners from the dominions of the good King Rumanika — a model of courtesy and mildness, whom even civilized Europeans might imitate with advantage.

Karague, the kingdom over which this chief presided, is, with the exception of Uzinza, the southernmost portion of the ancient kingdom of Kittara, which extended about three degrees on each side of the equator, and met the great lake Victoria Nyanza, now regarded as the source of the river Nile, on its northern and west- ern banks. It was governed, according to Captain Speke, by a race who originally emigrated as a pastoral people from Abyssinia ; and both the kings and the aristocracy of the country still preserve the characteristic features which distinguish the Gallas from the native African population — comparatively straight hair and a bridged, instead of bridgeless, nose. In their acquired possessions they take the name of Wahuma. But although they retain traces of their original physiognomy, and the symbols of their original charactor of pastoral warriors (for it is a piece of court etiquette in Uganda, the most important of the kingdoms into which Kittara has split, for the king always to appear armed with shield and spear and followed by a dog) they have lost their religion, forgotten their language, and adopted the practice of their subjects in mu- tilating their faces by the extraction of the lower incisor teeth. The North-eastern portion of the country is now called Unyoro, the North-western Uganda. Karague, which joins on to these,

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may be roughly described as comprising the affluents of a consid- erable river (the Kitaiigula) which enters the Victoria Nyanza on its western shore in the first degree of south latitude. It is a land of lakes and streams, and from its high level enjoys, although nearly under the line, an agreeable temperature. We give the de- scription of the first sight of the royal residence, as it appeared to tfie cavalcade while crossing the hills of blue clayey sand-stone, breasted with dykes of pure white quartz, which is the type of the country : —

4, “After breakfast next morning we crossed the hill-spur called AVeranhanje, the grassy tops of which were 5,500 feet above the sea. Descending a little, we suddenly came in view of what ap- peared to us a rich clump of trees in S. lat. 1 deg. 42 min. 42 sec. and E. long. 31 deg. 1 min. 49 sec.; and 500 feet below it we saw a beautiful sheet of water lying snugly within the folds of the hills. The clump was the palace enclosure. As to the lake, for want of a native name, I christened it the Little Windermere, be- cause Grant thought it so like our own English lake of that name. It was one of many others, which, like that of Urigi, drains the moisture of the overhanging hills, and gets drained into the A’ic- toria Nyanza through the Kitangule river.

To do honor to his Royal host. Captain Grant ordered his men to put down their loads and fire a volley ; after which, on ap- proaching the palace, he received an invitation to come in at once. Ever since their entrance into Karague the travellers had been treated with the most generous hospitality, although famine had prevailed here also. The further they proceeded in the countr}', the more they were pleased with it. The people were kept in good order, the village chiefs brought presents of sheep, fowls, and sweet potatoes, and never begged for anything more than they received in return, and finally, on the night before their arrival, there appeared a huge j)ot of poinhe (plaintain-beer) and some royal tobacco, which the king had sent on exclusively for the con- sumption of his white visitors. The latter was “as sweet and strong as honey-dew, and the beer so strong it required a strong man to drink it.” After such treatment we cannot wonder that the travellers, upon their admission to the royal presence, thought Rumanika and his brother Nuanaji, whom they found sitting cross- legged on the ground, “ men of noble appearance and size. They had fine oval faces, large eyes, and high noses, denoting the best blood of Abyssinia.” Hands were shaken in the English style, which is, it seems, the peculiar custom of the men of this country, and the conversation began in good Kisuahili, the language of the Zanzibar coast. After discussing a variety of subjects, among which the principles of taxation and the physical structure of the globe appear to have each found a place, “so quick and inquiring was the king's mind,” the travellers were offered the option of lodgings within the palace or a camping-ground outside. They

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chose the latter, in order the better to enjoy the lovely view. The hospitable monarch, too, did not confine his civilities to the chiefs of the expedition. For a whole month and more, goats and fowls were brought regularly by his othcers into camp, and their im- proved diet put the Wenguana into good humor. They, however, shivered under the temperature of the high table land (of which the extreme was from 80 deg. to 84 deg., and the mean 60 deg.)

In both kingdoms there is no notion of any Supreme Being or belief in the immortality of the soul, but numbers of spirits (which may be described as a sort of nymphs, dryads, and water pixies, divested of the poetical dress they wear in European mythologies) haunt the country, and are propitiated by various charms. The spirits of ancestors are also revered and conciliated by annual sac- rifices. But the power for good or evil of all these perternatural agents does not range beyond that of an old-fasliioned English witch. Their most potent instrument of mischief is mildew and similar plagues of the husbandman. Long life is considered as the great blessing, and the mythical accounts of the royal family make it one of their characteristics. Certainly their habits (so far as the male sex is concerned) are apparently most conducive to health and the development of a stalwart frame. Captain Speke went out for a day’s sporting with the king’s sons. “Tripping down the greensward of the hills together, these tall athletic princes every now and then stopped to see who could shoot furthest. With powerful six-foot bows they drew their arrows to the head and made wonderful shots in the distance. They then placed me in position, and arranging the field, drove the coverts like men well accustomed to sport.”

Rumanika entered warmly into the objects of the expedition, but shrunk from the idea of sending his guests on to the north, which he regarded as a course pregnant with danger. Friendly as he was, this hesitation caused considerable anxiety to the travellers; for one word of opposition from him would have effectually stopped their further progress. Fortunately, just at the beginning of the year 1862, an officer of the king’s, who had been sent four years before on a mission to Kamrasi, the chief of Unyoro, re- turned with a message from that potentate to Rumanika that he too had foreign visitors — who had arrived, not indeed in Unyoro, but in his dependency, the country of Gani, coming up the Nile in vessels. This was the route by which Petherick was expected, and Captain Speke entertained no doubt that the white men in question were his party. A few days afterwards another messen- ger arrived from the King of Uganda, bringing a present of ivory and slaves, and a message to invite the white men to him. All these favorable circumstances combined induced Rumanika to yield to the arguments of Captain Speke, and on the 10th of January he quitted his hospitable entertainer, without, however, his com-

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[June,

panion Grant, who was necessarily left behind with a disorder in his leg, which prevented him from walking.

Mtesa, the King of Uganda, into whose dominions he now en- tered, is described as a sort of negro Domitian, a grown-up baby, living in a perpetual excitement, generally intoxicated, and without a particle of consideration for human life. Guns and medicine are the great levers in the hands of an European at a barbarous court, and Speke made good use of both of them. He taught the King to shoot, and he doctored the Queen Mother, and played them off anainst each other for the accomplishment of his main desire — to be enabled to verify, by actual observation, his theory of the exit of the Nile from the great lake, the southern portions of which he discovered in 1858, and on the northern waters of which he now actually embarked for a party of pleasure with the king and his harem. This result, however, was not attained till nearly half a year had been spent at the court of Mtesa, and probably would never have been brought about except for the report of white men having come up the Nile to meet him, and the hope of obtaining from them more of the European products for which the barbarian’s cupidity had been excited.

Captain Grant, who had been left five months before at the court of Rumanika, arrived towards the end of May; and now, he being able to “limp about a bit,” there was every inducement for the travellers to continue their journey. While passing through that part of Uganda which lies on the northern shore of Lake Ny- anza, Speke had occasion to ford several “rush-drains,” some of great magnitude, which he was informed issued from the lake, but none of these were the Nile, and the very sight of them increased his anxiety to visit this at its veritable outlet. One obstacle after another was interposed to the gratification of his desire, but at las.t, after a series of negotiations with the capricious Mtesa, con- itinually broken off and again resumed, he set out, accompanied by an escort of Wagonda officials, and fortified with the powers of a iroyal guest, for a place called Urondogani, lying on the Nile, be- llow which that stream was said to be navigable downwards. His project was to proceed by boats on it to the court of Kamrasi, the Kiiiag of Unyoro, the northernmost of the kingdoms into which Kittara is broken up. Grant, in the meantime, was to proceed di- apeitft by land to the same point, as well to prepare the barbarian chief for the reception of his fellow-traveller as to hasten the com- munikcation with Petheriek ; while at the same time more knowl- edge (of the region would be gained. It turned out that this ar- rangement proved almost fatal to the success of the expedi- tion. A considerable amount of border plundering continually toeik place between the subjects of Mtesa and Kamrasi, al- thouglk the sovereigns themselves were on formal terms of amity; ;and rthe latter, a fidgety and suspicious person, no sooner found ^b.at^al^J' travellers were entering his country on two distinct lines

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than he concluded that some mischief was brewing against himself, and at once assumed a hostile attitude. Speke’s boats were at- tacked, and Grant’s party summarily ordered back, and at first it seemed as if the furthest limit of the expedition had been reached ; but a concurrence of fortunate circumstances permitted an explan- ation to take place, and Kamrasi not only withdrew his opposition, but actually lent Speke assistance in resisting a mandate for his return to Uganda, which the weathercock temperament of Mtesa had caused him to issue. He reached the palace of Kamrasi (lat. 1 deg. 37 min. 45 sec. N.), when he again struck the Nile, which he had left a little below Urondogani, on the 9th of September. After a stay of two months he resumed his journey northwards, and on the 3d of December, at Feloro, (lat. 3 deg. 10 min. 33 sec. N., long. 31 deg. 50 min. 45 sec. E.,) came in sight of what he took for the outposts of Petherick’s expedition. His men, as happy as himself, begged to be allowed to fire their guns. The salute was instantly returned from the northerners’ camp, and at once every height was covered with a swarm of men, and the Eng- lish flag displayed. But although friends, the new comers were not Petherick’s men, but a number of Turkish soldiers, Nubians and others, who were under the command of one Mahamed, the vakeel of Debono, an ivory merchant connected with the Egyptian Government. All danger of effective opposition was now passed, and although the arrangements of the ivory hunters necessitated a delay of some weeks more, yet on the 15th of February, 1863, the travellers “ walked into Gondokoro,” and felt themselves at home, the remaining portion of the mysterious river of Egypt be- ing already well-known. There they met Mr. Baker, the well- known sportsman of Ceylon, and from him learnt for the first time the stirring events, domestic and foreign, which had come to pass in the preceding two years. Mr. Petherick also arrived at Gondo- koro three days later.

We will terminate this article with a brief notice of Captain Speke’s visit to the Ripon Falls — a point where the Nile issues from the great lake.

This expedition was made from Urondogani, between leaving the Court of Mtesa and arriving at that of Kamrasi. Urondogani stands in lat. 52 min. 27 sec. N., on the brink of the Nile, w’hich at this time (July 21) presented itself as “a magnificent stream from 600 to 700 yards wide, dotted with islets and rocks, the former occupied by fishermen’s huts, the latter by. crocodiles basking in the sun — flowing between fine high grassy banks with rich trees and plantains in the back-ground, where herds of the nsunnu and hartebeest could be seen grazing, while the hippopotami were snorting in the water, and florikan and guinea fowl rising at our feet.” Elephants were very numerous in the district, as appeared from the marks of their devastations, and lions also, the latter to such a degree that just after Captain Speke’s people had removed

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a buck shot by him, two came out of the jungle and lapped up the pool of blood where the animal had lain, and nearly frightened the men into abandoning tlieir prize. From this point Speke as- cended the left bank of the river, although generally at some dis- tance from the stream, for three days. The march was fatiguing, through long grass and jungle, except when village plantations desolated by elephants varied the scene. At last “ the stones ” — the local name for the falls — appeared, “ by far the most interest- ing sight I had seen in Africa.” They are exactly forty miles east of the palace of King Mtesa, and on the same parallel of lati- tude (21 min. 19 sec. N.) Their depth is about 12 feet, and their breadth, broken by rocks, from 400 to 500. A spur of the hills, unfortunately, shuts out the broad surface "of the lake, the head of which being on the 3d deg. of south latitude, gives it a length of more than 220 miles. Still, the picture is one of extreme beauty, and rendered lively by the appearance of thousands of fish con- stantly leaping up the falls, fishermen on the rocks, and crocodiles and hippopotami floating on the Avater.

000

From the Presbyterian.

RELIGION OF THE PEOPLE OF CORISCO.

Most heathen nations have some false god, to whom they pray ; but these Benga and neighboring tribes have no idols, and no wor- ship. Their religion is a fear of death. They do not say. There is no God; they known there is a great, good Being, whom they call “ Anyambe,” who made them. But they do not worship him. They think tliat when Anyambe made man, he left him by himself, and takes no more care or notice of him. But they think there are many spirits, called myondi^ some of whom Anyambe made like angels, and others who are the souls of men now dead. Of these spirits they are afraid. They say, “If the spirits choose to be kind, they will treat us well; but if they choose to be cruel, they will hurt us.” They think that these spirits join with men to do evil; so that when a person dies, they say, “ Some one has joined with a spirit, and killed this person.” That one they call a “ witch.” So they try to find out who the wdtch is. The doc- tors look into a looking-glass to see the face of the witch; or they make the accused one drink the poison-water of a kind of nut or bark of a tree ; or they mix together a great many barks and leaves, and burn or eat them with magical ceremonies, and then put the ‘‘witch” to death, sometimes in a horrible manner.

Sometimes they cook food, and lay it as a mwambo or sacrifice on the grave of their dead relatives, to please their spirits. But they never pray, or have meetings for worship; though, at the new moons, they have dances and songs to drive evil spirits away. But, though they know God is good, they do not ask his favor ; it

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is of the myondi that they are always afraid. They do not like to speak about them, or about death. They fear to die ; it is the one g;reat fear of their lives. If it was not for evil spirits and witches, they think they lever would die. So they make hwanga or “medicines,’' (“ cliarms ” you would call them,) to keep the evil away. These charms have been called “fetiches” by some white men; and so the religion of those who trust in fetiches is called Fetichism, just as the religion of those Avho trust in Mo- hammed is called Mohammedanism. These fetich charms are therefore the gods of the Benga people, because they trust in them. Anything may be a fetich. Take a walk by a garden of plantains, or potatoes, or corn, or gound-nuts, and you will see the shells of a large kind of snail (“ Ha,”) or of a conch (konungu) stuck on the end of an upright stick, or strung like beads from tree to tree on a strong vine. That is a fetich ; no person but the owner may touch it, nor dare any one steal the fruit that is near. Or, instead of the shells, there may be a torn piece of cloth, a hu- man bone, or dirty and soot covered fibres of the plantain stalk. There are fetiches for assistance or protection in every act of which you can think. They are worn on the body, or are hung up in the houses. They are to insure success by pleasing the spirits, or to prevent failure by driving them away. There are charms to help in trading, fishing, gardening — sleeping, eating, dancing, loving, marrying, nursing, sickness, fighting, boating. You would be tired before I could tell you of all the different kinds of fetiches that could be made for even one of these pur- poses. If one kind fails, and they do not succeed in what they have been doing, then they do not lose their faith ; they say, “ some evil spirit has been stronger than this fetich ; I will buy or make a stronger one.” And so they are all their lives trying what shall save them.

Since the missionaries have come, some have thrown away these earthly saviours, and have received to their hearts the Heavenly One. Pray that they all may do so.

The most common fetich is the horn of a goat or gazelle, filled with different kinds of colored clays, charcoal of several kinds of wood, ashes of leaves, ground human bones, finger-nails and teeth, human hair, blood, red feathers of a parrot’s tail — all put in by the hands of a magic doctor. This horn is hung about the neck or waist of men, women, and children, or over the door of the houses, or above the fire-place. They think themselves safe till sickness comes, and then they buy a stronger fetich. Always in fear ; never safe. They have not known the Great Physician, the Sa- viour of sinners.

000

Colored Schools in St. Louis. — It is proposed to establish a generous system of education in St. Louis for the co’ored people. The Board of Educa- tion has taken the matter in hand, and appeals to the citizens for assistance.

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OLD CALABAR MISSION.

Rev. J. L. Mackey, one of the oldest and most successful mem- bers of the (Old) Presbyterian Missionfat Corisco Island, Equa- torial Africa, is the author of the annexed article, taken from the New York Observer. It will be noticed that legitimate commerce, prosecuted for a century, did not elevate the Efik people, but that the efforts of civilized and Christian men, some of them of their own color, have been attended by the signal displays of God’s goodness and glory. Such has been the invariable result along the coast of Africa.

Old Calabar is the name of a river and the adjacent country in the Bight of Biaffra, West Africa, Near the sea and on the bor- ders of the river the country is low and marshy, and, for the most part, unfit for the habitation of man. The borders of the river, for a distance of 40 or 50 miles from the ocean, are covered with a dense growth of mangrove, but the country in the interior is high and well-drained and rich in agricultural resources. It was in former years a great resort for slave-traders, but the foreign slave trade has been for years suspended ; the domestic trade in slaves, however, is still carried on. There are, perhaps, but few free men in the country who do not own slaves ; some of them own hundreds, and some of the chief head men, I am informed, own a thousand or more. It is not an uncommon thing for men who are slaves themselves to be the owners of slaves ; this however, is not peculiar to the Calabar country. Among many of the tribes in West Africa slaves are permitted, when they can acquire the means, to purchase and hold slaves, which indicates a mild kind of bond- age.

The chief trade in the Calabar river of late years has been for palm oil. It is now one of the principal marts of the palm oil trade. It is the outlet for a large extent of country ; the oil is brought down from a distance of more than a hundred miles in the interior, and even across from the valley of the Niger.

The people of the country call themselves Edk. They are nu- merous, but as no census has ever been taken the population is not known. Forty or fifty miles from the sea, where the river banks become somewhat elevated and suitable for human habita- tion, there are several towns, numbering from 8,000 to 10,000 in- habitants each, and the interior country is occupied by a teeming population. The river has been open to the trade of civilized na- tions for more than a century, but until very recently no advance had been made by the people in civilization. Heathenism, with the disgusting and barbarous customs so common among the tribes of West flourished. The slave trade and the foreign com-

merce that succeeded it planted no germs of civilization; the popu-

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lation was as degraded in 1840 as the earliest records, a century or more before that, show it to have been then, and the same cus- toms essentially prevailed, Darkness overspread the land and jgross darkness the people, but a better day and a brighter prospeet was soon, in the providence of God, to dawn on Old Calabar.

Immediately after the abolition of slavery in the British West India Islands, a desire sprung up among the liberated Africans in Jamaica to carry the Gospel to Africa. The missionaries, who had been long laboring among them, encouraged this desire; after due consideration and correspondence with the Missionary Socie- ties with which the various missionaries were connected, it was determined to undertake a mission to some part of the Western coast of Africa. About the same time a request was sent to Eng- land by King Eyeo, one of the native kings of Old Calabar, for missionaries to come out and labor among his people. This open- ing, so providentially made, indicated the field of the new mission, and it was commenced under the auspices of the United Presby- terian Synod of Scotland. This Synod had at the time a large number of missionaries and converts in Jamaica, and it was ex- pected that a large number orf* the laborers for the new mission would be drawn from that Island. The white laborers there had become acquainted w4th the African character and were already somewhat inured to a tropical climate, and the negroes who might join the mission would go with constitutions suited to the climate and country from which their immediate ancestors had been brought.

Under these favorable prospects and providential indications the mission was undertaken in the early part of the year 1846. Mr. Waddel, who had spent a number of years in Jamaica, and who had there gained an experience in the missionary work invaluable to him in his new field, was appointed to take charge of the enter- prise. The aid which was at first expected in the mission from this class of laborers has not been realized, but the mission has made steady progress since its commencement ; it has been con- ducted with ability and wisdom, and it is now one of the most in- teresting on the Western coast of Africa. The laborers have been nearly all white men, and about one-half of them have spent some years in Jamaica before coming to Calabar.

The Efik language, spoken in Old Calabar, was an unwritten language when the mission was commenced ; it is now reduced to writing, and a dictionary containing a large number of the words in use has been published during the last year. It was prepared for the press by Rev. Mr. Goldie, one of the first members of the mission. The dictionary forms an octavo volume of nearly 700 pages in double columns, and is a monument of persevering indus- try and labor. DiflereiU portions of the Scripture have been trans- lated into the Efik by several members of the mission, and they have printed the entire New Testament and several books of the

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Old Testament. They have also printed in the Efik several school books for beginners, a Summary of Old and New Testament His- tory, a History of Joseph’s Exposition of the Ten Commandments, a book of Hymns, a Catechism for children, and one for candi- dates for baptism, the Shorter Catechism, the Story of Sabot, His- tory of Elijah, Come to Jesus, and some other small works for the religious instruction of the people. There is an amount of intel- lectual labor required in reducing a barbarous language to writing, and in making such translations into it as are required in the pro- gress of the missionary work, which few can appreciate but those who have been engaged in such work. The members of the Cal- abar mission have accomplished an amount of labor in this depart- ment highly creditable to their abilities and industry.

The chief labor of the missionaries is devoted to the preaching of the Gospel. Eight ordained ministers are engaged in this work ; all, with the exception of one or two who have recently joined the mission, preach in the Efik language. A large number of people are reached by the preached Word; and, as Calabar is a central place of trade, many strangers who come from a long distance in the interior are brouglit under the sound of the Gospel, and, no doubt, carry back with them to their own country some seeds of the precious truth which they hear. The written language is not used beyond the immediate sphere of the mission, as none can read it but those who have been taught in the mission schools, and, of • course, the translations of the Scriptures and the other religious books prepared by the mission can have but a limited circulation ; but this arm of the missionary work will grow more and more efficient every year as the schools are increased and the number of readers multiplied. Beside the ministerial laborers enumerated above, there is one physician, who is an elder in the church, and four single ladies engaged as teachers, connected with the mission.

The mission has two organized churches, one of which has 30 members, the other 29. Some of the members who have been connected with each of the churches have gone back to their hea- then customs and have been cut off from the list of members ; but the consistent walk of others has been gratifying. There are in the several schools connected with the mission about 300 pupils receiving daily instruction.

The humanizing influence of the mission on the mass of hea- thenism arofind has been very great. Some of the superstitions and inhuman practices so universal among the people before the establishment of the mission have been abolished, or to some ex- tent stayed. The leaven of Christian truth is working, and al- ready, to some extent, affecting the mass of the community. The seed, which has been sown in faith, is already springing up, and, in God’s own time, will produce an abundant harvest. The name of Jesus is precious now to some who but a few years ago were immersed in heathenish darkness, and multitudes more are daily

A TRAINING INSTITUTION IN AFRICA.

1864.]

173

pointed to that Saviour who alone can save sinners and, through His Spirit, fit them for a holy Heaven.

The field of labor before the Old Calabar mission is almost boundless. Though at present the interior is closed against the entrance of white men, the progress of the truth will open it as fast as the laborers are ready to occupy it. If the work in this mission continues to be prosecuted with the same prayerfulness and wisdom and zeal in years to come as in the past, the Church will not be wrong in expecting, with the blessing of God, large results in this field.

From tVie Spirit of Missions.

A TRAINING INSTITUTION IN A.FRICA.

Bishop Payne and the Foreign Committee are persuaded that the time has arrived when there should be established, in connec- tion with our African Mission, a Training Institution, for native teachers, catechists, and ministers of the Gospel. The custom hitherto has been for each foreign missionary to have two or three young men under his instruction at the station where he is located, but it is believed to be -a much better plan to gather them all into one institution, and the time of one or more of the foreign mission- aries be given wholly to the training of these young men for their important work.

The Basle Missionary Society have had an extensive mission on the Gold Coast; and the Rev. Mr. Auer, who was for several years connected with that mission, states, in the following com- munication, some interesting facts concerning their Training School at Akropong ;

“ An important branch of missionary work is to train natives as teachers, interpreters, and catechists, who can take charge of out- stations. as well as assist the foreign missionary in his own place, and his travels. In the beginning of a mission, individual labor- ers gather such men around them, educating them as well as their multifarious and manifold duties will allow. Often times they are compelled to employ a young man as teacher who has not yet had the necessary education for that position. But as the work ad- vances, as the number of schools and stations increases, the want of many well educated interpreters, teachers, and catechists, is more and more felt. A man must not only be able to read and to write ; not on'y be versed in a little Geography, History, Arith- metic, Grammar, Bible knowledge, etc., but he ought to be quali- Jied to teach these branches well, and to teach them in his own native language. A thorough training for this cannot be accom- plished without gathering the ablest boys from different stations and schools into one institution, w'here studies of minor importance, as music, drawing, etc., may be added, and where the studies and

174

A TRAINING INSTITUTION IN AFRICA.

[June,

♦

exercises in teaching and preaching may be carried on in one spirit and according to one plan. Our African mission has now arrived at that point when the need of such an institution is greatly felt, and when we have schools enough to furnish the students. A class of from five to ten young men, who are offering themselves for missionary work among their benighted brethren, may be re- ceived annually, so that after some time we can send out the same number of able and willing laborers year by year. The best of them in Christian life and learning may receive an additional edu- cation for the ministry.

“ We hope that such a school will soon be opened at Cavalla, or any other suitable place. Our German neighbors on the Gold Coast have established one long ago, though their mission is, from the time of its recommencement in 1843, younger than our own. But they from the beginning had a greater number of missionaries than we, and thus labor could be more divided among them.

“ One missionary on the coast, and another in the interior, began to gather older scholars, from the boys’ schools as well as servant- boys in missionary families, giving them daily instruction in the most necessary studies. The one labored among the Akras, speak- ing their language ; the other among an Asante tribe. Their house and lesson-rooms were simple huts, such as the natives can erect. The expense was not much more than that of a common boys’ school.

“To save time, teachers, and labor, the two institutions Avere united, after some years, at Akropong, the healthy station of the interior. One of the missionaries >vas made principal ; others, Avith some natives, assisted him. The Committee of the Society always kept up the number of teachers, by sending neAV ones, Avhen the older missionaries had to leave.

“ Since 1858, Avhen it Avas resolved to receive a new class an- nually, the institution increased in number, in learning, and mis- sionary spirit. In 1862 forty young men Avere there, and the number has increased since. They come from different countries and nations and tongues. Four African languages are spoken there, besides English ; though instruction is given only in three — Asante, (Otji,) Akra, and English. There are three European teachers (one not ordained,) and two natives, Avho have been effi- ciently trained in that school. They live in four large one-story stone houses, forming a square ; two are occupied by the teachers and their families ; the two larger ones by the students, Avho keep their rooms in order, Avash and iron their clothes, and eat what the country provides. Their studies comprise simple, expressive Beading, Orthography, Arithmetic, Grammar of three languages. Geography, Universal History, Sacred History, (Systematic Bible History,) exposition of the Bible, exercises in preaching and cate- chising, (first in the institution, then also on the streets and in schools ;) principles and method of teaching, with exercises in

1864.] TABOO TRIBE AND STATION. 175

schools ; Church History, S^inging, Music, Coinpositions of Music, and Drawing.

“ Last year’« report of that school says ; In catechising, the pupils show much more spirit and liberty than is usual in Eu- rope. Church History is one of their favorite studies, and, with their remarkable memory, they do remarkably well. In Drawing, they made very much progress. Playing the melodeon is their fondest exercise, and their progress is surprising. AVith our sing- ing Ave can cheer many hearts, and on our preaching excursions, win many friends. A good-sized farm gives opportunity for daily exercises for the body.

“ The Avriter lias, Avhen he spoke to those forty young men of the need of Africa, of apostolic labors, of the loving care of Jesus, seen their eyes glisten Avith tears and Avith zeal. All af them Avere ready to spend their life and strength for the salvation of their people. And noAv they are scattered over a large country, proving that they then Avere in earnest.

“It is a rule Avith Basle missionaries not to send a native teacher to anyplace before the people are somewhat prepared and desirous for the Gospel, or before some have become Christians there. The teacher has then Avork, and a foundation for it ; the Christians learning from him, and helping him in building up a school and a little church, and he is not left alone to the influence of heathen- ism, from Avhich he has escaped.

“ In one of such places, the two native teachers Avere the means of bringing about eighty people to their Saviour, most of Avhom are noAv fluently reading and Avriting, many also in English. About ten young men are becoming teachers from that place.

“ There is noAv a goodly number of successful native teachers and preachers there, Avho are an essential feature in missionary operations.

“ As the training-school has been so very much blessed hitherto, it Avas greatly enlarged by grafting a seminary for native ministers upon it. May the Lord continue to bless them !”

000

TABOO TRIBE AND STATION.

This station is on the extreme east of the region occupied by the Protestant Episcopal Mission at Cape Palmas. It Avas opened by Rev. L. B. Minor in 1840. God removed him soon afterAvard, Then came Rev. E. Hening, Avho, Avith his gifted and now sainted Avife, occupied it for several years, Avhen he left it for Avhat seemed to be the more important position — Rocktown. Next, Rev. J. M. Minor, son of the late king of the village near the Mission House, and connected Avith the earliest efforts of Rev. L. B. Mi- nor, Avas left in charge. He did Avell for a season. But Avars and other untoward circumstances compromised his character, and with the approbation of the Bishop he removed his family to Cape

176

TABOO TRIBE AND STATION.

[June,

Palmas, Hoffman station, at the close of last year. A few days afterward an attack was make on his father’s town, a portion of which was burned, and some of Mr. Minor’s property.

After some two years’ quarreling and fighting, in which the whole Plabo Tribe (Taboo) was involved, the people seemed tired of war, and readily yielded to the persuasion of some friendly natives to make peace. At this favorable juncture we appoint to the station Mr. R. Miles, a foreign missionary.

Taboo Station occupies a beautiful and picturesque hill just at the mouth of Taboo river, through which it looks out over the foaming waves on the great ocean. To the west the river mean- ders in a course generally parallel with the ocean, through palms and luxuriant under-growth, for a mile, when it turns off to the interior. North and north-west of the station are hills covered for most part with palms.

The Mission House and premises occupy ground formerly sacred to the Kevi, (demons or spirits of the departed,) and Rev. Mr. Minor had to seize a cutlass and cut the first “bush,” before he could prevail upon the superstitious natives to clear a site for his house.

The Plabo (Taboo) tribe begins on the coast, at a point six miles east of the Cavalla river, and extends to Beverly, fifteen miles be- low. It numbers twelve towns and villages, with a population of twelve to fifteen thousand. The language of the people is closely allied to that of the Buboes, between them and the Greboes, as also with Dabo and Wambo, immediately in their rear. * Through these latter tribes there is constant communication with Tebo, op- posite to the Webo, (Bohlen,) around the falls of the Cavalla. Indeed, the Taboo river, (Horo,) with a little labor, will afibrd water communication with a point not far from our Tebo station on the Upper Cavalla.

Beyond Plabo, to the East, are the Hidebo, Worobo, Majo, and numerous other tribes. All readily assemble for two hundred miles with those in their rear, waiting for the messengers of peace and salvation. The Taboo people having come from the interior at a comparatively recent period, are closely connected with tribes there, with whom they have constant intercourse. Taboo, beyond the Cavalla river, becomes thus an important radiating point to- ward the East, as Northtown is on the West, Cape Palmas and Cavalla in the centre, and Bohlen in the North. At all these points, through the toils and sufferings of other years, homes have been provided for Christian missionaries, and an open door of access opened to 150,000 heathen Africans.

000

The Anglo-Saxon Race. — At a recent meeting of the London Geographi- cal Society, it contended it is impossible to colonize tropical regions with the Anglo-Saxon Race.

1864.] PRESENT MEASURES INADEQUATE. 177

PRESENT 3IEASURES INADEqUATE.

Intelligence from Eastern Africa stows that the slave-trade is car- ried on extensively, attended with the usual atrocities. Capt. Speke of England has, during his travels in Eastern Africa, ascertained the workings of the inland slave-trade. He states that in Zanzibar it is three times as great as in Cuba, and almost beyond description on the White Nile, On his return to England, he addressed a meet- ing of the friends of Africa. He gave it as his decided opinion that the measures employed by the British Government for the suppres- sion of the slave-trade were very inadequate. AVith an annual ex- pense of £150,000 very slight results were obtained. Indeed, he had little confidence in the cruising squadrons along the coast of Africa. He stated that, in his opinion, the only way to put an end to the nefarious practice was to educate the negro to maintain his own rights and to unite with the civilized nations in the abolition of the accursed traffic. He recommended the conclusion of treaties between England and the African chiefs, the Pasha of Egypt, and the Sultan of Zanzibar; the establishment of missions and schools in the interior of Africa ; the punishment of all persons convicted of taking part in the trade of men ; the formation of depots of negroes round the east •and west sides of Africa, which shall be devoted to the liberation of their countrymen from slavery, and the education and employment of negroes in all departments of British service.

The meeting that Captain Speke addressed resolved to form an Asssciatio'n “ for the suppression of the slave-trade, the instruction of the natives of Central Africa in the truths of Christianity, and for the opening of a wide field for commerce in lands remarkably rich and fertile.’^ The enterprising traveller alluded to demonstrated that the existing treaties between the European powers for the suppres- sion of the slave-trade were altogether inadequate to the end proposed, and urged that they ought to be amended.

AA ith respect to the treaties alluded to, the great fault is, they are not enforced. England has a treaty with Spain by which the latter power engaged, for a large consideration in money, promptly paid, to abolish the slave-trade, and yet the provisions of the treaty on the part of Spain has never been fulfilled. England has remonstrated over and over again, has threatened and re-threatened, and yet Spain, after pocketing the enormous tribute, has never performed her obli- gations. Has it been for want of power to apply efficacious remedies on the part of England ? By no means. AA^hat then ? Most assur- edly, want of inclination. The whole proceeding on the part of Eng- land seems to have been a farce to gratify the sentiment of the peo- ple of that country, while for political reasons, she has winked at the lion-fulfillment of the treaties so ostentatiously made with Spain.

Doubtless the measures recommended by Captain Speke are of great importance, and if carried into practice would be attended with

178 RECEPTION OF THE AMERICAN CONSUL GENERAL. [Jane,

most beneficial results. But experience proves that civilization an(3 Christianity in Africa are much more likely to be brought about by means of such institutions as the Colonization Society. The restoration of civilized colored men to their ancestral continent, carrying with them our holy religion, and the arts and customs of the American world, is a work full of promise for the future of Africa. It is to be regenerated and civilized, and the people of color will be the mis- sionaries of that regeneration and civilization.

000

RECEPTION OF THE AMERICAN CONSUL GENRAL,

We transfer from the Liberia Herald^ the annexed report of an event of much interest and importance to the people of the United States and of Liberia. No better selection, we believe, could be made for the useful and honorable position than Abraham Hanson, Esq., the first Commissioner and Consul General from the mother to the daughter Republic.

On Monday, February 22d, Hon. Abraham Hanson, United States Commissioner and Consul General, arrived from America. Mr, Hanson left Liberia, where he had served as U. S. Consul, in Octo- ber ; but after reaching the United States, and receiving his creden- tials as Commissioner, &c., he left at once for Liberia, having re- mained but a few days with bis family.

The return of Mr. Hanson has given satisfaction to the Govern- ment and people of Liberia. No foreign functionary ever stood higher in the estimation of a people, than Mr. H. does in that of the Libe- rians. That the relations of friendship between the two Governments and peoples will be increased and strengthened, no one doubts; and all hail this event as a favorable sign for the development of the com- mercial relations existing between the two nations.

On Thursday, 25th February, the reception of the Consul General, by His Excellency the President, took place at the Mansion House. Besides the President and Cabinet, there were present the Yiee President, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Ex-Pres- ident Roberts, and other distinguished citizens, and Rev. John Seys, U. S. Agent for recaptured Afi-icans.

The President proceeded to welcome Mr. Hanson in the following terms :

It affords me great pleasure, sir, to welcome you again to Liberia, and to assure you that the people of this community entertain for you personally very friendly feelings. These kindly feelings on their part are, I am happy to inform you, the gratifying result of your Chris- tian intercourse with, as well as your official residence of the brief time of thirteen months among them.

1864.] RECEPTION OF THE AMERICAN CONSUL GENERAL. 179

The high estimation in which you are held by the people of this city, was made manifest to me the day of the announcement of your recent return to the country, by their almost enthusiastic expressions of joy on that eventful occasion, and I think you may safely felicitate yourself in the hope of enjoying, for many days to come, the renewed good will and wishes of your Liberian friends.

But, sir, it is a more pleasant task — more peculiarly gratifying both to this Government and people — for me to have at this time the pleasure of according to you an unreserved and cordial reception as a highly distinguished representative of the Government of the United States of America, accredited near the Government of the Bepublic of Liberia.

And it renders me very happy, indeed, sir, to be able to announce to these gentlemen present, that you bring with you to this Govern- ment a commission and credentials of a higher grade than any it has hitherto had the pleasure of receiving from the hands of any other foreign public functionary commissioned to this country.

This event is hailed by us as another unmistakable evidence of the very friendly feelings and the national regard entertained by the great American Bepublic for the Government of Liberia. We greatly appreciate the event, and cordially reciprocate the friendship of which it is the sequence.

With these views, I take pleasure in congratulating you, sir, as Commissioner and Consul General of the United States Government to the Republic of Liberia, assuring you, at the same time, in behalf of this Government and people, that there will be accorded to you by both all that courtesy and good will to which your high official posi- tion entitles you.

. Mr. Hanson responded in substance :

That, as he had the honor of knowing, and being personally known to His Excellency the President, and to the distinguished members of his Cabinet; and as he had in another capacity had an opportunity of attesting his deep and earnest concern for the welfare of the Bepublic of Liberia, he did not deem it becoming to indulge on this occasion in extended remarks.

He would, however, beg leave, most respectfully, to present to His Excellency the President what he had already communicated to the honorable Minister of Foreign Affairs of Liberia, the strongest assurances of the warmest interest and sympathy of his Government with the Government of the Bepublic of Liberia.

The circumstances under which he presented himself before His Excellency the President of Liberia, as the representative of the United States, were to him thrillingly interesting. He came to a people who had derived their origin from America ; who had adopted its forms of Government and administration, and who were repro- ducing those forms upon the coast of this extensive and very fruitful and interesting continent, and who, moreover, had not at any time forgotten the ties which bind them to their native land.

180

ELEMENTS OF STABILITY AND PROGRESS.

[Jane,

It was, among others, one object of his mission to foster this feeling and develop the commercial relations between the United States and Liberia ; and while he could assert that the American people had always looked with deep interest and solicitude upon the novel but most important enterprise of establishing this new Repub- lic, yet it had been reserved for the present moment to give a defined and solemn proof of that interest and solicitude, on the part of the Government of the United States, by accrediting a political agent to the Government of Liberia, as a distinct and responsible recognition of the national independence and sovereignty of that Republic.

He assured His Excellency the President, as he had already assured the honorable Minister of Foreign Affairs to whom he was accredited, of the zeal of the honorable William H. Seward, Secretary of State of the United States, to cultivate and deserve the friendship of the Republic of Liberia, by whatever may depend upon his minis- try.

000

Elements of Stability and Progress.

From the able and impressive address of Dr. Allen, late Presi- dent of Girard College, delivered at the last anniversary of the Pennsylvania Colonization Society, we select the subjoined ex- tract :

The Republic of Liberia is no longer a problem ; it is a success. Thanks to the men who founded and have sustained the Ameri- can Colonization Society and its branches in the States, they have vvorked on in faith and hope, in the face of opposition at home and discouragements in Africa, until they see the fruits of theiV philanthropy, in a well established, self-governing republic of col- ored men, into wdiich tlie colony they planted forty-three years ago has grown. Along a coast-liiie of five or six hundred miles, which, within the memory of some of us, was visited only by slave- ships, and covering an interior occupied by two hundred thousand native Africans, who were divided into hostile tribes engaged in perpetual wars wnth each other to supply the slave dealers with liiiman merchandise, now no prowling slaver casts anchor to await his prey ; no wars are waged for human booty; no captives are torn from home and friends to perish in the middle passage, orpine in hopeless bondage ; no blood of slaughtered hecatombs assuages the anger of malignant demons, nor slakes the savage bloodthirst of chiefs more demons than they ; but thriving settlements dot the sea-shore and extend along the banks of the rivers for miles into the interior; the marts of lawful commerce stand on the sites of forsaken barracoons ; cotton, coffee and sugar grow on old battle fields ; school houses and churches rise on grounds once devoted to .the orgies of a fejocious superstition ; and the voice of prayer

1864.]

ELEMENTS OF STABILITY AND PROGRESS.

181

and praise ascends to God where but a few years since were heard the mummeries of idolatry and the wail of victims led forth to the sacrifice.

Tlie Pennsylvania Colonization Society, which has contributed its share, both of money and counsel, to these cheering results, may be pardoned for a feeling of exultation in a retrospect of its doings on every return of its anniversary.

Many honest doubts were formerly entertained as to the capacity of the colored people to support and govern themselves, as a per- manent civilized community, without the direction and presence of white men. It was predicted that the colony, as soon as it should be left to its own control, would relapse into barbarism. The indolence of the tropical races, the improvidence of the negro, and the overpowering numbers of the native tribes, were arguments to sustain these doubts. But the history and progress of Liberia during the sixteen years of its existence as an independ- ent State, will do much to satisfy the most skeptical on this point. It has framed a constitution and organized a government, with distinct executive, legislative, and judicial powers, and with all the official machinery of administration. It has elected prudent and capable men to the Presidency, who have preserved order at home and secured respect abroad. Its Legislature, composed ot a Senate and House of Representatives, has enacted wholesome- laws, adapted to the necessities of the people, and these laws are executed in due form. Courts of record are regularly held, their Judges are respectable, and their mandates are obeyed.

It has a military organization to enforce the laws, and for pro- tection against the native tribes beyond its borders. It has as- sorted its superiority over the natives within its jurisdiction, in arms as well as in arts, and these now yield peaceable submission to its authority. It has a school in every neighborhood, a church in every village, and a college at Monrovia, its capital. Idfe and property being secure, the products of its industry are annually multiplying in a greater ratio than its population, and consequently individual and national wealth are increasing. Its exportable pro- ducts, cotton, sugar, rice, coffee, ginger, pepper, indigo, arrow-root and palm oil, may be grown in quantities that have no limits but those of land and labor ; and these commodities being in demand in the markets of the world, will supply the Republic by exchange with all the products of other lands which its people may require.

These are elements of stability and prosperity, and though the beginnings have been small, there is a continent for expansion. Let no man despise the day of small things. As black men were the Zerubbabels who, under the auspices of the Colonization So- ciety, laid the foundation of this temple of freedom for their race, so shall their hands finish it, and shall bring forth the head-stone with rejoicing. Fear not that the native population will absorb this handful of people, and reduce them to their own level. Civ-

182

RESEARCHES IN EQUATORIAL AFRICA.

[Jane,

ilization, commerce, and Christianity are mighty aggressive forces. In contact with barbarism, ignorance and idolatry, they are always victorious. Whe're the race is different and its temper intractable, as in the case of the American Indians, they may exterminate ; but where the race is identical and its disposition docile and imi- tative, as in the case of the Africans, they will instruct, employ, elevate and absorb.

000—

RESEARCHES IN EQUATORIAL AFRICA.

England has made efforts worthy a great nation to redeem Africa from the barbarism that has for ages oppressed her. That those in progress may succeed must be the fervent wish of civilized man throughout the world. The explorations of Captain Speke, elsewhere adverted to at length, and the travels of Dr. Livingstone, have revealed somewhat the resources of the equatorial portion of that hitherto un- known country, and in a great measure shown the character of its inhabitants.

The territories visited by these daring travellers are stated to be rich in almost every variety of production. Cotton is produced in abundance. The sugar cane is indigenous. Immense tracts are deemed suited to the culture of coffee. Indigo abounds. Medicinal plants are exceedingly valuable. Senna grows in whole forests, and the nux vomica, producing strychnine, flourishes abundantly. In a word, nature has been lavish in her gifts to this hitherto unrevealed region.

Turning from the tropical luxuriance of the land, the character of the inhabitants challenge our inquiry. Speke and Livingstone show us the African, not as he is known on the outskirts of his own coun- try, corrupted and brutalized by his commerce with the slave traders, “but he is here put before us,’’ as an English writer forcibly re- marks, “in his true colors, with all the elements of good and evil that belong to his native, unsophisticated character. Barbarous he may be, and liable to gusts of passion that sometimes carry him to deeds of savage violence : ignorant he may be, and the slave of gross idolatry : but he is not insensible to kindness ; he is not unwilling to be taught and raised to something that belongs to a far higher order of humanity. And take him as he is — untaught, ignorant of the arts of life, and the sport of savage passion — yet has he learnt to be faithful to his leader, to be true to his word, and honest in his deal-

1864.]

REMEMBER THE WANT.S OF AFRICA.

183

ings; and be has learnt so much of the nature of social union, that he is loyal to his chief, and proud of his tribe and name ; and he has many of those points of character which, among civilized men, are called honor and patriotism. Nor is he a mere fierce and wander- ing hunter, like the red Indian of North America. For though he does love tx> follow the ‘ large game,^ and to bring back their spoils for commerce, he also delights in agriculture, and dwells contentedly among his gardens and fields of corn ; longs to possess new imple- ments and arts of culture, that he may turn them to profit ; delights to improve his stock of domestic animals, to exchange produce with neighboring tribes, and thus to learn the arts of peace. Above all, he longs for the improved arts and commerce of the white men, whose fame has reached him, but whose persons he has never seen.’^

Such the country and such the people that are to be brought un- der the influence of civilization and Christianity. With the success of the efforts now being made for the redemption of Africa, the effect upon the commercial and industrial agencies of Europe and America must be incalculable. The influence upon that vast continent, in all respects, will be beneficent, and add another link to the golden chain of Christian nations.

000

REMEMBER THE WANTS OF AFRICA.

It has been customary, for some years, to ask from the ministers and congregations throughout the land, a contribution, on the Sab- bath immediately preceding or succeeding the Fourth of July, in aid of the cause of African Colonization.

The Colonization Society needs no commendation with any who are at all acquainted with its history or fruits. It is an or- ganization to afford opportunity and provide assistance for the American people of color to change the place of their residence, provided, in their judgment, they can thereby multiply their priv- ileges and better their circumstances : and through their agency, and by the Divine blessiug, to propagate civilization and religion in Africa.

Ethiopia is stretching out her hands for the Gospel and the arts of civilized life, and Christian settlers from this country to bear these blessings to her children. It becomes us to recollect that we are debtors to the sons and daughters of Africa in our midst and

184 CHARGE I>’ AFFAIRES FROM LIBERIA. [Jane,

in their own land, and that merely for the evangelization of that continent, there is no agency more economical or efficient.

The duty of remembering the weighty objects of the Society in our prayers and efforts, is too clear to need extended remark, and we therefore invite its practical remembrance on some Sabbath near the approaching day on which we commemorate our national independence.

CHARGE D' AFFAIRES FROM LIBERIA.

On Wednesday, May 18th, the Rev. John B. Pinney, who has held the position of Consul General of the Republic of Liberia, presented his credentials and was received by the Secretary of State as Charge d’ Affaires of that Republic near this^ Government.

By this reception, and by the appointment of Abraham Hanson, Esq., as Commissioner and Consul General to Liberia, the United States, in its national capacity, evinces its desire to preserve the most friendly relations with the Liberia Government, and as ever ready to advance its prosperity and its dignity.

Our country has no reason to act otherwise with Liberia. The foundation of such a Republic upon the benighted shores of Africa will ever be regarded as one of the noblest achievements of Amer- ican philanthrophy. No where else, out of our own limits, has the efficiency of our institutions in developing national strength and character been so satisfactorily shown ; and it should be no less our pride than it is our interest to employ all legitimate means of cultivating her good wdll, and drawing her into closer inter- course.

E^COERAGHG FROM LIBERIA.

By the last West African mail steamer to England, we have re- ceived letters and papers from Liberia, Health and general pros- perity prevailed in all the settlements. The emigrants sent by the Society in the trader “Thomas Pope,^’ which left New York on the 16th January last, arrived at Monrovia on the 22d Feb- ruary, and had located at Sinon and Harrisburg — the latter an agricultural village on the St. Paul’s river.

The Legislature of Liberia had adjourned. Among the acts

1864.]

LETTER FROM LIBERIA.

185

passed by it and approved by the Preside;it may be named one imposing a tax of one half per cent, on real estates for the support of common schools, and one authorizing the President to adopt measures to encourage emigration from the West India Islands to that Republic, and appropriating four thousand dollars for the pur- pose.

St. James Gilchrist, a Senator from Bassa county, died at Mon- rovia, February 8th, of consumption. Hon. John H. Chavers had been appointed Secretary of the Treasury. On the 25th February Abraham Hanson, Esq., Commissioner and Consul General from the Government of the United States, presented his credentials, and was warmly welcomed by President Warner.

000

LETTER FROM LIBERIA,

The subjoined communication from Liberia, though very tardy in • reaching us, embodies facts which not only encourages but persuades to the hearty prosecution of the enterprise of African Colonization.

Monrovia, Aoi’mier 30th, 1863.

Dear Sir: Our Capital just now is the scene of unusual life and activity. Strangers are arriving from every quarter of the land, and our inns and even private residences are fast filling up. The streets of Monrovia are well cleaned, and white-wash and paint give quite a holiday appearance to bouse and cottage.

The annual session of the Legislature will begin in the course of a fortnight, and the various denominations of Christians take advantage of this season to assemble and transact their business. The Baptist Association met in this city. The Rev. A. P. Davis, of Bassa county, presided — a man, by the way, of great common sense and large practical wisdom ; born a slave in Virginia, surrounded by ignorance and benightedness on the plantation on which he was reared, his soul rose stiperior#to the circumstances, and aspired after training and letters. I have heard a most interesting statement of the man- ner in which he first learned to read. Since his arrival in this country, he has been a schoolmaster, for several years ; and you can judge for yourself of his ability when I tell you that he has been raised to the Bench, as Judge of the Quarterly Court in the county of Bassa.

Nine ministers attended this Association, accompanied by several lay mem- bers. Although these men have not been in receipt of salaries over three years, yet they have supported themselves and families, and carried on the operations of their denomination among natives and American settlers with their usual efficiency. During their session they had constant preach-

186

LETTER FROM LIBERIA.

[June,

ing, and much religious interest was excited in our city. I may add here that it is much to their credit, that several of these ministers walked long dis- tances on the beach to attend this conference.

The next ecclesiastical assemblage will be that of the Presbyterians. Their Presbytery meets on the St. Paul’s river, at Clay- Ashland, on the 5th of Decem- ber. The body is not large, but its ministers are among the foremost in the land in intelligence.

We are all looking forward with exceeding interest to the session of the Legislature. Many important and exciting questions will be brought forward for consideration. It is moreover the termination of one President’s term of office, and the commencement of a new President’s career. And what with the valedictory of the one, and the inaugural and new policy of the other, our town will, without doubt, be lively and interesting..

The commencement of the new year, brings us a new national policy. The Port of Entry Bill,’’ adopted by a former Legislature, goes into effect early next year. This bill breaks up forever the direct foreign trade with our na- tive population, and brings them more immediately under our own control and influence. This, in divers ways, will bring a most weighty responsibil- ity— the commercial responsibdity . I have no reason to suppose that we can fully meet this at once ; and possibly our failure to meet the demands of na- tive trade immediately, and in the same manner as foreigners, may involve us in some difficulties. And if so, it will be truly sad. But I am right glad that the bill is to go into operation ; and that we, the rightful guardians of the aborigines, are to assume the full care and provision of them.

I am most happy to say that preparations are being made in every settle- ment to meet the commercial responsibilities about to fall upon us. One boat of ten tons was built two or three months ago, for the coast-wise trade, and has already made one successful trip to Sierra Leone. Another built by Judge Drayton, of Cape Palmas, is already launched, and is now on its way up the coast. Four more boats, of from twenty-five to thirty tons burden, are now on the stocks, and will soon be ready for service. All these belong to mer- chants in the leeward counties. In addition to these, I may mention a packet now in the harbor, which was built at Cape Mount, in this county, and which is to carry passengers and freight to Sierra Leone ; and Messrs. Warner and Cooper are busy building a'nd repairing vessels at their ship yards in this town. Indeed, we have every prospect of a rapid increase in small craft, and full preparation for our coastwise trade. It will be pleasing to you to know that we are building our own vessels, and not sending our money abroad for them.

What will be done to meet the moral, spiritual and educational responsi- bilities which will arise out of this new policy, I am unable to say ; but you need not fear they will be neglected. The people of Liberia boast sometimes too much ; but in one thing they never do themselves justice, in that they never tell the world the whole of their work among the heathen. I think

1864.]

LETTER FROM LIBERIA.

187

would be impossible to tell how many heathen children are daily in the habit of joining in family prayer in our whole country ; how many go to Sunday school ; how many go to church ; how many profess Christianity as members o^ Christian denominations. Though we fall far short of our duty in this re- spect, yet it is something to be thankful for that we have such good men at work for religion as Vonbrunn and Crocker, and Pitman and Lowrie — all con- verts from heathenism ; leading unblemished lives, and possessed of good education. I hear it hinted that the next Administration intends to make some arrangement for schools among the heathen ; and when the conferences of the Methodist, Presbyterian, and other denominations meet, I expect there will be some means fallen upon for their evangelization. The Methodists are now laboring very faithfully in Bassa county, and a number of natives have come forward for baptism and membership. I shall w^atch this particular matter, and from time time give you information.

Trade has been very active during the last three or four months ; and our streets have been 'constantly traversed by interior traders, bringing rice, cat- tle, ivory, and other articles to market. Chief among these are the Mandin- goes. They are fine fellows ; exceedingly tall, reaching in some instances six feet two in height, and seldom below six : agile and athletic, keen, bright-eyed and intelligent; and withal sober and grave in demeanor. I stopped one of these fellows at the waterside the other day, attracted as I was by an Arabic book, suspended by strings around his neck ; I took the book, beautifully W'ritten in the Arabic character, on about fifty pages, and bound in leather ; in vain I attempted to purchase it. He mentionad a large sum, and declared that if I offered such a sum he would not take it for his book.

I saw the other day a man from the Hurrah tribe, whose home is some sixty miles in the interior. He had been captured in some tribal figbt ; brought down, with his burdens, by his captors to meet some of the traders. A neigh- bor of mine asked bim whether he would not like to be free, and he expressed his strong desire for the great boon. My acquaintance brought him with him. What especially attracted my attention was his fine and noble physique. He is nigh six feet in height ; rather broad and stout ; perfect features ; and one of the most finely shaped heads that 1 have ever seen upon human shoulders. I am informed that this is the general physical character of this particular tribe ; and that they are such great fighters that they are a scourge to their neighbors for miles around.

Everything seems prospering in the rural districts. It is most cheering to hear the farmers on the St. Paul talk concerning their progress and their in- creasing fortunes. But the appearance of things in our agricultural districts is inspiring. New farms are being opened; old ones enlarged. Sugar cane and coffee, however, demand more attention than anything else. L. L. Lloyd arrived here two or three months ago, and brought a steam sugar mill of thirty-five horse power — the largest mill in the country ; and he is acting in a large and unselfish manner in his business. His mill is going up; and at

188

ITEMS OF INTELLIGENCE.

[June,

the same time he has informed all the small flirmers on the river to plant as- much as they can, as he proposes to purchase all their cane, standing^ at a definite price ; remove it, and grind and manufacture. This will cause a rev- olution ill cane planting in this country. Poor men cannot spare the capital to get mills for their farms ; those who venture to do so, as several have, find but little advantage, for to make money a mill ought to be kept going at least four months. But by carrying out his plan, Mr. Lloyd will be enabled to turn his whole attention to the manufacture of sugar ; and soon purchase enough cane to keep his mill in operation one-third if not one-half year.

The benefit to the people will be that numbers of persons ivho own land but who have no mills, will be induced to plant extensively, instead of allowing bush and trees to grow up on their large estates.

The “ Greyhound” arrived a few days ago, and brought out two steam sugar mills intended for the farms of our enterprising fellow-citizens, Mr. Jesse Sharp and Hon. A. Washington.

In addition to these signs of prosperity, I will briefly add the house-building going on in every part of the country. New houses are going up at Cape Palmas and at Sinoe. At Bassa, I hear that Edina is almost a new town, so many buildings have recently been put up there. And in Monrovia, besides several small frame buildings, there are going up just now four large and capacious stone and brick buildings ; two of these are enlargements of smaller ones. The St. Paul’s, however, surpasses every other part of the country. In one settlement, (Clay- Ashland,) over thirty brick houses, I am informed, have been erected in less than a year; and higher up the river, two of our sugar planters have put up as fine country mansions as most substantial far- mers in America would build.

You will thus see that we arc also making some progress in material mat- ters. I hope ere long that I may speak more assuredly about literary and ed- ucational progress. “ The Athen.ean,” I hear, has secured a reading room, and is now waiting the journals sent for to the States. The members of this Association desire much to erect a hall, with reading rooms, and another room for a museum. As the country is young and poor, I hope they may be aided by the generosity of some of your wealthy fellow-citizens.

Items of Intelligence.

Evidence of Prosperity. — The agricultural prospects of Liberia are en- couraging. A most pleasing feature of growing wealth is the increased value of land. In 1859 land could be easily bought on the St. Paul river at $5 and upwards. Now the value, reported by the commissioners of the statis- tical report, is $25 per acre for land on the front tier, §20 on the second, and $10 on the third. Uncultivated lands on front tier range from $10 upwards per acre. Improved lands on the front tier are valued from $25 to $50 per acre according to the kind of produce for which they are best adapted.

1864.]

ITEMS OF INTELLIGENCE.

189

Bath Colonization Society. — The Annual Meeting of the Bath (Maine) Colonization Society, was held in the Universalist Church, at Bath, on Sun- day evening, February 14th, Rev. H. W. Rugg delivering an address. The audience was very large, attentive, and evidently well satisfied with their in- tellectual entertainment. At the close of the more public exercises the An- nual Meeting was held, when the following gentlemen were elected officers for the year ensuing : Freeman Clark, President; Rodney Hyde, Treasurer; E. S. J. Nealley, Secretary.

The Presidents. — Card Photographs of the Presidents of Liberia have been prepared in Philadelphia. McAllister & Brother have published a cap- ital likeness of Mr. Roberts; and Mr. 0. H. Willard, 1206 Chestnut street, has just issued portaits of Mr. Benson and of Mr. Warner. The latter are from pictures taken in Liberia. The price is eighteen cents each : upon the receipt of which copies will be sent by mail.

An African Bishop. — Rev. Samuel Crowther"^ the successful native Afri- can missionary, is at present in England. Arrangements are in progress for his appointment and consecration as Bishop of the native churches in parts of Western Africa beyond the dominions of the British crown. He will not have jurisdiction over European missionaries. The interest of this announce- ment is enhanced by the recollection that Samuel Crowther was once a slave-boy, rescued by a British cruiser, and then, through divine grace, a trophy of missionary 'teaching in Sierra Leone.

The Best Plan. — Captain Speke, the distinguished African explorer, says, in a recent letter : “ I maintain that the slave-trade will never be put down by vessel-hunting at sea alone. We are fruitlessly spending millions in that way at present without any good effect, and we shall continue to do so until the Government is enabled to see, through public opinion, that the cheaper and surer way of gaining their point is, to assist in the development by commercial and missionary enterprise, of the interior of Africa.” The Captain offers five hundred dollars toward giving any missionary a start who would go to instruct the people of the Wahuma kingdoms.

Dr. Livingstone. — The reports respecting the massacre of this distin- guished missionary and discoverer are happily not corroborated. The British war sloop Rapid has brought a letter from Bishop Tozer, dated at Murchison Falls — at the Luabo mouth of the Zambesi river — on the 2 1st of December^ which states that Dr. Livingstone had come back from his expedition up the country, and arrived at the foot of the Murchison Falls in November. There seems to be no doubt left upon the question of his continued suc- cess, and we may look for yet greater service from him for the church and the world.

Natal. — The revenue is flourishing. The interest of money has been re- duced to eight per cent, per annum. As the soil and climate are found to

190

ITEMS OF INTELLTGENXE.

[June,

suit it, tobacco is being very generally planted in all parts of the colony. The sugar crop is expected this year to amount to 5,000 tons, so that there will be 3,000 tons for export. The Natal Cotton Company are waiting a supply of coolie labor from India.

'HJoKENS OP Thankfulness. — Bishop Twells, who was recently appointed to the newly created Bishopric of the Orange Free State and Basuto Mission in South-Africa, writes that “ he has been everywhere received with expres- sions of thankfulness on the part of the Dutch, English, and natives.” The English residents had contributed twenty-five hundred dollars toward the obtaining of additional clergymen from England.

Negro Students at Rome. — On Monday, January 18, there was the an- nual “ Accademia Poliglotta” of the students ot the Propaganda, and I allude to it only to observe that the youths who carried off the palm were two negroes rejoicing in the names of William Samba and John Provost. Their delivery and action were wonderful, and called forth thunders of ap- plause, even in a church. — London Record.

A Christian Native Village. — Rev. W. H. Tyler writes as follows : “ There is on the Farmington River, in the Junk country, a Christian native settlement called Mount Olive, or Christian Village, commenced by a native named Joe Harris. He first became instrumental in the conversion of his wife, and was baptized and received into the Church at Marshall. By the divine blessing^ the efforts of Harris, and the help of Rev. J. D. Holly, the preacher at Mar- shall, there is now a Church and forty-five Christian native members. We made a visit there while at Marshall, baptized nineteen, and administered the sacrament of the Lord’s supper. 0 it was a melting time to see grown native men and women, with their children, rejoicing in the love of God !”

Liberia Mission Conference. — The session of the Annual Conference was held at Marshall. It commenced on the 9th of February, 1864, and lasted five days. The statistics for 1864 are as follows:

Members, 1,351. Probationers, 142. Local Preachers, 36. Native Mem- bers, 98. Number of Schools, 19. Officers and Teachers, 164. Scholars, 978. Churches, 19 — probable value, $20,908. Parsonages, 5 — value $2,550. In- fant Baptisms, 76. Adult Baptisms, 94. Deaths, 19.

Missionary to Liberia. — Rev. J. M. Rice has been appointed Missionary to- the Lutheran Station of Muhlenburg, and is preparing to embark for his in- teresting field of labor.

Vessel for Africa. — The “ Ocean Eagle” will sail from New York about the 15th June next for the Western Coast of Africa. Letters for Liberia will be forwarded if sent to this office.

64.]

RECEIPTS.

191

Arrangement Regarding Slave Traders. — It is understood that an arrange- ment has been entered into between our Government and that of Spain, for the purpose of rendering up slave traders who escape from Cuba to the United States, and from the United States to Cuba.

RECEIPTS OF THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY,

From the 20'A of April, to the 2Qth of May, 1864.

MAINE.

Bath — Bath Colonization So- ciety, Rodney Hyde, Esq., Treas., through Freeman Clark, Esq., Treas. Maine Colonization Society

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Nashua — Hillsborough Co. Con. of Churches, per E. S. Russell, Treas., viz : Cong. Ch. and Soc. in Am- herst, $15. Members of Presb. Ch. and Soc. New

Boston, $17 22

By Rev. F. Butler, ($20 38:)

West Lebanon — Cong. Ch. and Soc. $17 38. J. D. Hosley, $3, which and previous constitutes Rev. J. H. Ed- wards a Life Member

VERMONT.

By Rev. F. Butler, ($54 50:) Castleton — Rev. H. 0. Higley. Cornwall — BarloNV L. Rowe.. Middlebury — Prof. R. D. C.

Robbins

Orwell — Dea. Asa Young

Swanton — Rev. John B. Perry, which and previous consti- tutes him a Life Member... Royalton — Dan’l Rix, Lyman Burbank, Geo. H. Harvey, R. K. Dewey, ea. $2. Mar- tin T. Skinner, J. P. Smith, Mrs. W. D. Skinner, Mrs. J. A. Skinner, Asahel Clark, ea. $1. S. V. Kendall, E. Atwood, C. Skinner, Mrs. A.R. Mack, ea. 50 cents. M Corbin, S. R. Williams, 0. A. Burbank, D. W. Wells, Levi Rex, E. Wild, ea. 25 cents

$64

00

Also, in aid of salary of Prof. Martin H. Freeman, at Li- beria College, viz : Middlebury — Rev. Pres't B. Labaree, D. D., and others.

Enosburg — George Adams....

$25 00

54 50 1 00

55 50

CONNECTICUT.

32 22

20 38 52 60

3 00 3 00

3 00 1 00

3 00

Middletown — Legacy of Mrs. Sarah Spencer, by M. Cul- ver, ad’r, $100, less Gov’t

tax, $5

By Rev. Dr. Orcutt, ($461 56:) Nexo London — Mrs. M. H. Lewis, C. A. Lewis, W. C. Crump, A. M. Frink, Mrs. F. Allyn, ea. $10. Mrs. Cole- by Chew, Mrs. L. and daughters, Dr. W. W. Cut- ler, Benj. Stark, ea. $5. Rev. Dr. Hallam, Mrs. T. J. Chew, ea. $4. Miss C. E. Rainey, $3. Mrs. Jonathan Starr, $2. N. Belcher, $1.

Mystic — Chas. Mallory, $10. C. H. Mallory, G. W. Mal- lory, ea. $5. C. S. Wil- liams, N. G. Fish, A. C. Tift, Mrs. Asa Fish, B. F. Palmer, James Cottrell, G. W. Noyes, John Gallup, Jas. Gallup, Geo. Green- man, ea. $1. Mrs. Hannah Ashbey, Mrs. L. Ashbey, A. F. Young, ea. 50 cents

Norwich Town — D. W. Coit, $10, in full to constitute Daniel L. Coit a Life Mem- ber

16 50 29 50

Centerville — Rev. C. W. Ever- est

Mount Carmel — Collection in

95 00

84 00

31 50

10 00 15 CO

192

RECEIPTS.

[June, 1864.]

the Congregational Church S14 60. James Ives, $3... Hartford — W. P. Burrall, $10. Prof. W. W. Hawkes, Mrs.

E. M, Jarvis, $5 each

Noricick — A. H. Hubbard,

$100. B. W. Tompkins, $15. Wm. P. Greene, jr„ Dr. G. Osgood, ea. $10. Mrs. J. H. Spaulding, L. Blackstone, Cash W., ea. $5. J. Dunham, $4. J. Huntington, Friend, ea. $3. Charles Spaulding, Mrs. M. W. Rockwell, L, W. Carroll, E. O. Abbot, ea. $2. F. Johnson, W. P.

Eaton, ea. $1

Lyme — Mrs. J. Mather, Mrs.

F. A. Griswold, C. C. Gris-

wold, H. L. Sill, ea. $5. Miss McCurdy, Mrs. E. M. Moore, R. W. Griswold, ea. $2. P. R. Noyes, Dr. Noyes, M. Griswold, W. Chadwick, A. Bacon, W. P. Tucker, C. L. Peck, D. Chadwick, E. Noyes, R. Champion, ea. $1

.?/uc?isoK-Mrs. J.S. Wilco.x. $2. Dr. T. S. Scranton, J. Gris- wold, G. Dowd, M. L. Dowd, Mrs.J.P. Cone, Mrs. F. Dowd,

A. O. Wilcox, Mrs. T. Scranton, Mrs. E. S. Ely, ea. $1. .Miss A. Meigs, Mrs. T. Coe, Miss L. S. Scran- ton, .Mrs. F. Munger, F. Scranton, T. H. Smith, Mrs. S. F. Willard, Mrs. A. W. Slater, W. Chittenden, Mrs.

S. 11. Crampton, Mrs. J. F. Smith, Mrs. E. S. Smith, ea. 50 cents. E. Smith, 75 cents. Mrs. H. Coe, 40 cents. Mrs. E. R. Knowles, Mrs.

T. Dudley, Mrs. H. Lee, Mrs.

B. T. Dudley, Mrs. T. Brad- ley, each 25 cents

Guilford — Mrs. J. Tuttle, Mrs. M. G. Chittenden, J. Mur- roe, ea. $5. Rev. L. T. Bennett, $2. Mrs. C. Starr, H. Fowler, S. Graves, T, A. Weld, ea. $1. P. Bish- op, 50 cents

Branford — Rev. T. P. Gillett,

$9. C. H. Rodgers, E. E. $17 60 Bishop, ea. $2. S. Beach,

$1 $14 00

Stratford — D. P. Judson 3 00

20 OD Enfield — Collection in Second Cong. Church, (Rev. Mr. Brigham,) $16 56. Luke Watson, $2. Mrs. E. Wat- son, $1 19 56

461 56

NEW JERSEY.

By Rev. Dr. Orcutt, ($55'.)

'Metuchen — Moses Webb, $50.

D. G. Thomas, $5... 55 00

170 Oo!

PENNSYLVANIA, j By Rev. Dr. Orcutt, ($25:) Philadelphia — Cofl&n & Alte-

mus

By Rev. B. 0. Plimpton, ($10:) Wilminyton — Lawrence Co....

25 00 10 00

35 00

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Washington — Miscellaneous... 206 94

1 OHIO.

I By Rev. B. 0. Plimpton,{$ lo:)

30 oo' John Moore,

j Cramer Mosteller, ea. $5... 10 00

\Claridon — Mrs. P. Dimmick... 5 00

! 15 00

j MISSOURI.

\ Auburn — ^Legacy of Miss Ann j Duff, by Thomas S. Reid, admr., $45 ; less for ex- change, 25c, through Rev,

John G. Miller 44 75

19 40

21 50

FOR REPOSITORY.

\ E^yio'ST^-Enosburg — Deacon Levi Nichols, Moses Wright, S. H. Dow, and George Ad-

ams, $1 ea. for 1864 4 00

Connecticut— Z>a^i6wrv--Mrs.

S. W. Bonney, for 1864 1 00

Maryland — Hagerstmen — Jo.

Bench, to Jan. 1, 1864, $3. Annapolis — Dr. D. Claude, to Jan. 1, 1864, $3 6 00

Repository 11 00

Donations 738 66

Legacies 139 75

Miscellaneous 206 94

,$1096 35

Aggregate

^11 use in Libioiy only r.

f

1-7 v.39/40 African Repository

Princeton Theological Seminary-Speer Library

1 1012 00307 1836