:;r-.",:::v.:;;:r i:.:.v.-.:^:-:.- ■■.■.:::; 11 If- aj i n n ' W tffiirr w ffl ini fff i i' n fi r fii'ftfi nT fffl Tn i T f rmf i imr 6iu > H3 PREFACE INTRODUCTION By R. C. L. PERKINS. FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Eontion: FETTER LANE, E.G. C. F. CLAY, Manager OPUfnfttitfilj : too, PRINCES STREET Eontjon: William wesley and son, 28, essex street, strand iSfrUtt: A. ASHER AND CO. Eeipjig: F. A. BROCK HAUS ^eS» ^otfe: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS ^omtiag antJ Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd. AH rights reserved FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS OR THE ZOOLOGY OF THE SANDWICH (HAWAHAN) ISLES Being Results of the Explorations instituted by the Joint Committee appointed by THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON FOR PROMOTING NATURAL KNOWLEDGE AND THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE And carried on with the assistance of those Bodies and of the Trustees of THE BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM AT HONOLULU. EDITED BY DAVID SHARP, M.B., M.A., F.R.S. SECRETARY OF THE COMMITTEE. VOLUME I. PART II. MA CROLEPIDOP TERA By E. MEYRICK, B.A. Pages 123 — 27s ; Plates III, IV, V, VI, coloured and Plate VII nncoloured. June 8, 1899. CAMBRIDGE : AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS. 1899 \All Rights resented.'] aonUon: C. J. CLAY and SONS, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE, AVE MARIA LANE. , F.R.S, ... A. H. SiiiPLKV, MA, M. Eru;. Simon E. R. SvKi^s, IvZ.S. The Eord Walsjnoiiam, I\R.S. Mynheer F, M van dkr Wuij* 1 Icunpfcra Ihysanura and Collcnibola Mm rolcpidi^picra^ j ny}]icnopiciui ylculcafa, ( ))i!ioptcra, \ Ncnropicvit, and part of ( olcopfcra, MyruipOiia. Part of ( "o/copfcra^ ParasHii IVornis. A racIiJiida . MoIIusi a, M i( rolcpidoptcra Dipt era. It is also intended to give a list of the Verlelaales. with tlieir distribution, in the Islands. The price of each part will vary accordini^ to its (^xt(/nt and the number of IMrites. Subscribers to th(^ whole work will be changed half-price^ for each part. The parts will be sent, as published, to each subscriber who has ])aid for the preceding j)art. Those who wish to be sul)scribers, should scaid name and addrc\ss either directly to C. j. Clay & Sons, Cambridge Warc^Jiouse, Ave Maria Lane, London, E.C., or through any bookseller. Payments for each ])art should also be made to Messrs C. J. Clay & Sons, 123 MACROLEPIDOPTERA. By Edward Meyrick, B.A., F.Z.S., F.E.S. In this paper are included all the Lepidoptera except the Pterophoridae, Tortricina, and Tineina, which have been entrusted to Lord Walsingham. I propose to give a complete enumeration of all the species hitherto observed in the Hawaiian islands, describing the very numerous new species, and also redescribing those species of which our former imperfect knowledge has been enlarged by the acquisition of new material ; and also to discuss some general considerations arising from the study of these forms. I have not thought it necessary to quote the synonymy of the species, or to give references, except in so far as these have actual relation to the Hawaiian Islands. The accurate record of localities is in the case of this fauna so important for purposes of comprehension, that I have thought it best to particularise the number of specimens obtained from each locality, so as to indicate the value of the available evidence. On the other hand, the season of capture seems to depend in most cases only on the presence of the collector, and the impression derived from the records is that many species are probably obtainable throughout the year. § 1. General considerations on the Macrolepidoptera. In the following enumeration 292 species are recorded, of which number exactly 200 are now described for the first time ; these are assigned to 49 genera, of which 6 are new. Relation of Genera and Species, Of the 292 species, 31 occur also in other regions, the remaining 261 (or 89 per cent.) are endemic. Future discoveries are more likely to increase this percentage than to diminish it. Of the 49 genera, only 10 (or 20 per cent.) are endemic, the other 39 occur elsewhere. The endemicity of the species is therefore four and a half times as great as that of the genera. It appears to me that this ratio, in the case of a highly endemic fauna, is an index of the same significance as is the proportion of species to genera in a highly apodemic fauna. If, as an example of the latter, we take the Lepidopterous fauna of the British Isles, as enumerated in my Handbook of British Lepidoptera, we find 2061 species and 458 genera, the ratio being 4^ to i exactly. I interpret this index as a measure of the comparative periods of time required to produce specific and M. F. H. 17 124 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS generic characters, signifying with considerable precision (for I find the same result in such other faunas as are available for calculation) that on an average it takes four and a half times as long to produce a genus as to produce a species. In the Hawaiian fauna, however, the proportion of species to genera is unusually high, being 6 to i, and it may be asked why this is so. It appears probable that, owing to the extremely limited character of the fauna, and the relatively very small number of genera available in the first instance as a base of development, the generic competition has not been sufficiently severe to promote a high rate of modification : whilst the variety of situations presented under similar but slightly different conditions (such as those depending on altitude, rainfall, and insular separation), is highly favour- able for specific development. I shall show presently that even the existing endemic genera are not all on the same footing. Comparison of Families with other Regions. Only 12 families are represented in this portion of the fauna, and two of these, the Galleriadae and Pyralididae, only by species of undoubtedly artificial introduction ; thus only lo are truly native, all of them being of world-wide distribution. In the corresponding portion of the British fauna there are no less than 34 families ; yet all those families which are represented in Britain by more than 1 2 species are present in the Hawaiian Islands except the Arctiadae, Sterrhidae, and Notodontidae, and none which are represented by less ; so that, except for those three families, the results are in accordance with the law of chance. The New Zealand fauna so much resembles the Hawaiian in its broad outlines that it may be worth while to compare them in tabular form. Neiv Zealand. Hawaiian Islands. Arctiadae 4 Hypsidae I Caradrinidae 59 33 Plusiadae 7 13 Hydriomenidae 93 17 Sterrhidae I Orthostixidae 2 Monocteniadae 4 Selidosemidae 25 ZZ Sphingidae I 7 Nymphalidae 6 5 Satyridae 4 Lycaenidae 4 2 Pieridae i(?) Phycitidae 3 7 Galleriadae I I Crambidae 49 8 Pyraustidae 76 159 MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 1 2 5 New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands. Pyralididae 2 2 Psychidae 2 Hepialidae 9 All the Hawaiian families are therefore found in New Zealand, the Galleriadae and Pyralididae being introduced in both alike, and 8 other families are also repre- sented there, but only by a very few species, amounting altogether to 8 per cent, of the total, or an average of i per cent, each, whilst the ten other native families average over 9 per cent. each. The single species of Sterrhidae is an abundant Australian insect, and not improbably artificially introduced thence ; the small size and weak flight of members of this family may account for their not crossing wide seas. The Noto- dontidae are absent from both faunas ; they are notoriously seldom seen on the wing, and may therefore be habitually incapable of prolonged flight. Geographical Distribution of Genera and Species. For the consideration of this subject I shall group the genera not by their mutual affinities but by their constitution, as follows: {a) wholly^ apodemic (none of these contains more than two species), {b) apodemic, with one endemic species, {c) apodemic, with from 2 to 6 endemic species, [d) apodemic, with from 9 to 13 endemic species, (e) apodemic, with 24 to 57 endemic species, (/) endemic, with i or 2 species, {g) endemic, with 14 to 30 species. {a) Apodemic genera, of one species, ^r of two species, neither endemic. There are 17 of this class, comprising 22 species. Nine {Plodia, Ephestia, Ephestiodes, Meliphora, Euckromius, Nymphula, Hymenia, Hellula, Pyralis), with 1 1 species, have been artificially introduced by man, mostly as larvae feeding on preserved foods or cultivated plants, and are now apparently estab- lished as residents ; all of them have similarly extended their range over most of the warmer regions of the globe (except Ephestiodes, which is hitherto only recorded from America), so that their place of origin is sometimes unknown, and is in any case unimportant for the present purpose. Two {Heliotkis, Nomophild), with 2 species, and also Spodoptera exigua and Sphinx convolvuli, are practically cosmopolitan, being found in suitable localities almost every- where, and are further known to be possessed of very great powers of flight, having all been met with in the open sea, sometimes many hundreds of miles from the nearest land. These may have come in from any direction, though Sphinx convolvuli is considered to be the American form (cingulata), ^ Endemic denotes that a species or genus is apparently confined to these islands. I define apodemic as the opposite of endemic ; it signifies that a form occurs outside the islands as well as in them. 17 — 2 126 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Hypocala, Anosia, Plusia biloba, and Sphinx celeus, are American insects, all powerful flyers ; Anosia in particular has within recent memory extended its range over the whole Pacific to Australia and New Zealand. Simplicia robus talis, Spodoptera mauritia, and Plusia chalcites are very wide- ranging species in S. Asia, the Malay Archipelago, and Australia, the two latter occurring also in Africa, and the last-named likewise in New Zealand and Europe ; the two latter are of powerful flight, but the Simplicia may prove, when its habits are made known, to be artificially introduced. This class represents the effect of present-day influences. I think it probable that the 4 cosmopolitan species actually came from America, and in that case there would be a large preponderance of the American element. Hypocala has a well-marked local form besides the normal American type, and Heliothis also shows a tendency to form a local race, so that these two approach the character of the next class. (b) Apodemic Genera, with one endemic species. This class includes 7 genera and 12 species. Caradrina is best omitted from consideration ; the single species (in one specimen) cannot be positively assigned to the genus, which is however widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. Cosmophila is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is represented by one apodemic species, which occurs also in Fiji, S. Asia, and Africa, but assumes here the character of a tolerably well-marked geographical race ; and one endemic species, which may reasonably be regarded as a development of the foregoing. Hydriomena is a very large genus of universal distribution, but mainly character- istic of temperate regions. The single endemic species is not sufficiently near any other to allow of its affinity being positively stated ; but I am disposed to regard it as being of an Asiatic (Himalayan and Japanese) type. Dasyuris consists, so far as is yet definitely known, of one Arctic species (Green- land, Labrador, Lapland), two Australian, and five from New Zealand. The Hawaiian species is not particularly close to any of these, though generally similar ; geographically it is an interesting link. The facts would seem to indicate a New Zealand origin. Vanessa is represented by three apodemic species and one endemic. Of the apodemic, V. cardui is cosmopolitan, being perhaps the best traveller of all the Lepido- ptera, and may have entered from any side ; F. huntera is American, V, atalanta European and American, but both have probably alike come from America. The endemic species is intermediate between cardui and atalanta, and its nearest ally is V. callirrhoe in the Canary Islands ; hence it is probable that both these are the insular descendants of a former wide-ranging American species, which was also the ancestor of the continental cardui and atalanta. MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 1 27 Lycaena exhibits one apodemic species, the very widely distributed L, baetica, which occurs in many Pacific islands, Australia, Asia, Africa, and Europe ; and one endemic species, by no means very close to any other, but belonging to the group of Z. argiolus (Europe and N. Asia). Prionopteryx includes at present 7 American species, 2 African, and one Aus- tralian ; the single Hawaiian species is sufficiently remote from any of these, but probabilities are much in favour of an American origin. Summarising these, and excluding ambiguous forms, the apodemic species (present- day) show 2 Asiatic and 2 American ; the endemic (earlier) indicate 2 Asiatic, i New Zealand, and 2 American species. {c) Apodemic generay with 2 — 6 endemic species. These number 8 genera, with 29 species. Hypenodes is a characteristically Indo-Malayan genus, though certain species range into Europe, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. Of the five endemic species, one (much the commonest) is closely allied to the wide-ranging H. costistrigalis ; the other four are presumably derivatives of this, but are in part rather curiously diverse, showing sufficient structural modification to permit of subgeneric separation if desired. The mutual relations of these species are however difficult to understand, and the genus presents many obscure problems. Xanthorhoe is a very large and cosmopolitan genus, though relatively more prominent in New Zealand than elsewhere. The four endemic species are probably but not obviously of common origin ; they are o{ an early type, and may have most affinity to some Australian and New Zealand forms, but it is uncertain. Deilephila includes one apodemic and four endemic species, one of the latter being of doubtful generic reference and therefore best neglected for the present. The apodemic species is the cosmopolitan D, lineata, an insect of exceptionally powerful flight, which might have come from either side. The three other endemic species form a single group, doubtless from a common ancestor, rather markedly distinct from any other, but perhaps related most to D, galii, which is widely spread in Europe, C. Asia, and N. America. Homoeosoma is a generally distributed genus. The two endemic species (extremely similar but structurally distinct) must be modifications of a single ancestor, and approach very closely //. vagella, which is very common in Australia, and scarce in New Zealand. Talis includes at present 28 Australian species, i New Zealand, 4 Indo-Malayan, 2 African, 3 European, and 2 C. and S. American. The 6 Hawaiian species (probably there are more to be discovered) form a closely connected group of single origin, which seem to resemble most the small and inconspicuous Australian T, gelastis, though they 128 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS show little similarity to the main body of Australian species. It is however also possible that the connection is with the Indo-Malayan forms. The distribution of this genus is curious, and it was perhaps once more generally prevalent. Margaronia is universally distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, but is most characteristic of the Indo-Malayan fauna. The two endemic species (quite inde- pendent, and belonging to different groups of the genus) are both of Indo-Malayan affinity. Mecyna is a limited but cosmopolitan genus. There are two endemic species, of which one is the local representative of the universally distributed polygonalis group, being apparently nearest to the New Zealand form, M, deprivalis ; but here it certainly appears probable that the New Zealand representative is derived from the Hawaiian and not vice versa, as it shows no immediate relationship to the Australian form. In this case the origin of the Hawaiian form must be referred to North America. The other species is of somewhat uncertain affinity, but may possibly be a derivative of the first. Loxostege is characteristic of the northern hemisphere, though stragglers occur as far as Australia. The three endemic species form a connected group, not very near to any other, but possibly inclining rather to the North American type. In this class, therefore, apart from one doubtful and one apodemic cosmopolitan form, 9 primary species are indicated, of which three are certainly Indo-Malayan, 3 probably American, and 3 probably Australian, {d) Apodemic genera, with 9 — 1 3 ende^nic species. In this class are comprised 4 genera, with 42 species. Leucania is a large and quite cosmopolitan genus ; some of the species are great wanderers, and many, perhaps most, of the species feed in the larval state on grasses, and therefore find suitable food everywhere ; the genus is relatively prominent in New Zealand. The 9 Hawaiian species belong to two quite independent and dissimilar groups ; the first 4 species form an endemic group which is rather strikingly distinct from anything known to me, and must be classed as of wholly unknown origin ; the apodemic L. nnipuncta is spread over sufficiently warm regions of the whole globe, and its original home is doubtful ; whilst the remaining 4 endemic species form a connected group so closely approaching Z. unipuncia that they must be held to have been derived from it. Eucymatoge includes about 20 Australian, Asiatic, and European species. It is however also interesting as being the undoubted parent of the very extensive genus Tephroclystis^ characteristic of the Northern hemisphere but more especially Europe, and the also considerable Chloroclystis, which is principally Indo-Malayan, Australian, and New Zealand. Hence it is relatively a rather old genus, which would seem to MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 1 29 have been largely replaced throughout its range by its improved descendants. The 10 endemic Hawaiian species form a single group, probably of Asiatic origin. Omiodes is a genus of moderate extent, spread over the tropical and subtropical regions of the whole globe. The 13 endemic species form one connected group, in which the characteristic elongation of the patagia is less marked than usual, Lnd the type may therefore be regarded as comparatively early. Their origin would seem to be Asiatic. Pyrausta is a very large genus, especially characteristic of the Northern hemisphere, though a certain number of species are found in the Southern. The 10 endemic species constitute a single group, but two of them show a certain structural modifi- cation which might be termed subgeneric. In their general character they so much resemble the species of the allied genus Phlyctaenia, that it seems fair to presume they are an early type, recalling the common ancestor of Phlydaenia and Pyrausta ; and as Phlydaenia is characteristic of Europe and N. Asia, we may suppose that they are probably of Asiatic origin. The features of this class, which must be of a considerable age, agree, so far as they can be deciphered, in pointing to a predominant Asiatic influence. {e) Apodemic genera, with 24 — 57 endemic species. These include 3 genera and 106 species. Agrotis is a very large and dominant genus of world-wide distribution, but most largely developed in Northern temperate regions. Two apodemic species occur, A. saucia being common to Europe and N. America, and A. ypsilon ranging through- out the Northern hemisphere and extending into the Southern ; the former must be reckoned American, the latter uncertain. Besides these there are 23 endemic species, not nearly related to the two already mentioned, but apparently all connected together; it is however difficult to affirm this, as change would seem to have taken place on much the same Hues as in other regions, and there is great similarity between the species of different regions. The Hawaiian species as a whole certainly approach nearest to those of N. America, some of the forms being so close that at first I thought they might be identical ; hence it seems very probable that their origin is American. Phlyctaenia is a large genus, especially characteristic of Europe and N. Asia, but with a few species elsewhere. There are 24 endemic species, forming a connected group, whose origin must be esteemed undoubtedly Asiatic. Scoparia includes, so far as known to me, about 30 European species, 12 Asiatic, 3 African, 3 Madeira, 6 St Helena, 8 N. American, 9 S. American, 24 Australian, and 65 New Zealand. To these must now be added no less than 57 Hawaiian, all endemic, and undoubtedly all belonging to a single group, presumably traceable to a single ancestral form. This multiplicity of species is considered by Mr Perkins to be partly I30 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS due to the very great variety of suitable situations afforded, assuming, as is most probably the case, that the larval food consists of lichens. Probably a humid insular climate is particularly favourable to them, provided it is also sufficiently cool ; the latter condition can be secured by increased altitude, but a low-lying tropical island would not be favourable. After making allowance for such local circumstances, how- ever, there remains an excess of development of the genus in New Zealand and the Hawaiian Islands, which does not seem explicable merely by favourable conditions. Early occupation of the ground must have been the other factor in this result, and probably at something like the same period in both island-groups, and this would imply a common origin. Now the Hawaiian species are characterised by an unusual tendency to narrowness of forewings, and by generally showing a few long hairs in the cell of the hindwings ; both which characters are also repeated in a section of the New Zealand species, and not in those of any other region. The New Zealand species as a whole display a much greater variety of size and facies than any others, and must be regarded as primitive in type and unspecialised. Two or three Australian species of similar character doubtless claim a New Zealand origin. The Patagonian S. chordactisy however, and one or two other species from neighbouring portions of South America, which are undoubtedly closely related to peculiar New Zealand types, are not so easily explained, but must be classed with the considerable body of other evidence showing an ancient interchange of fauna and flora between South America and New Zealand. An elevation of iioo or 1200 fathoms in the bed of the South Pacific Ocean would be required, to allow of this being easily effected ; it is a large demand, but cannot be said to be impossible. My present opinion, on the available evidence, is that Scoparia originated m the New Zealand region, probably at that time considerably extended. The Hawaiian Islands must then have received their original species from New Zealand direct, and I should suppose that Christmas Island must have been on the line of transmission, and would probably still possess allied species as evidence thereof. These three genera are then respectively American, Asiatic, and New Zealand. i^f) Endemic genera, with i or 2 species, A class comprising 7 genera and 9 species. Nesamiptis contains two nearly related species ; it is most allied to Hypena, which is extensive and very generally distributed, but apparently approaches especially the type of some North American species. Progonostola is almost certainly an endemic derivative of Xatitkorhoe. Sisyrophyta is undoubtedly an offshoot of Scotorythra. Tritocleis is at present of quite uncertain affinity, and must be neglected. Genophantis is certainly nearest to the monotypic Australian Crocydopora, which MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 131 also occurs in New Zealand. It therefore stands on quite the same footing as Homoeosoma, Promylaea is clearly an offshoot of Mestolobes. Protaulacistis is undoubtedly closely allied to Orthomecyna, but is in some respects more primitive, and may therefore be regarded as a collateral development. Excluding the doubtful one, 4 of the above are therefore of native origin, i Australian, and i American. {^) Endemic genera^ with 14 — ^o species. These number 3 genera and 72 species. Scotorytkra contains 30 species. It is distinguished from all genera of the Selidosemidae known to me (except its derivative Sisyrophytd) by the peculiar antennal character; in other respects it has a general alliance to the cosmopolitan genus Selidosemay but is of a somewhat more primitive type, and without the characteristic fovea. It is therefore probably earlier in origin than Selidosemay but I cannot indicate any nearer relationship with other genera. Mestolobes includes 28 species, and Orthomecyna 14. They are collateral genera, obviously nearly allied together, yet with differences which imply that they were derived not one from the other, but from a common ancestor. They belong to the group of Scoparia and Heliothela, more especially approaching the latter and Eclipsiodes, but I consider that they cannot properly be regarded as derived from either of these, but rather from an earlier ancestral form. The monotypic Malayan Dasyscopa resembles them in the presence of a subdorsal hairy groove in the hindwings, but appears not- withstanding to be only an offshoot of Scoparia. Heliothela contains only a very few species, but is almost cosmopolitan, though with a leaning to the Southern hemisphere ; Eclipsiodes is Australian. The origin of the three large endemic genera is therefore unknown. But if, as inferred above, Scoparia originated in the South Pacific, there is presumptive evidence for supposing that the other genera collaterally derived from its parent form must have originated there too ; and the distribution of Heliothela and Eclipsiodes rather tends to confirm this supposition. If this be granted, why should not Scoto- rythra, whose origin cannot be traced elsewhere, but may be presumed from its specific development to date from about the same period, be descended from an extinct form inhabiting the same region? For it must be clearly understood that these large endemic genera could not have originated in the Hawaiian Islands themselves, for want of possible ancestors ; they must be derived from apodemic forms, but such as from competition of improved types, or other causes, have not survived elsewhere. M. F. H. 18 132 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Arrangement of Genera in order of time. From a consideration of the foregoing analysis we can now with considerable probability group the genera under successive periods of time, and indicate the nature of the geographical influences of each period, beginning with the most ancient. First Period, To this belong 7 genera, viz. Sisyrophyta, Scotorythra (Selidosemidae), and Scoparia, Promylaea, Mestolobes, Orthomecyna, Protaulacistis (Pyraustidae), with 133 species. Probably all these must be traced to a South Pacific origin, and the former existence of a considerable land-area (now submerged) between New Zealand and South America is postulated. Second Period. Here are referred 5 genera, viz. Agrotis (except 2 species), Eucymatoge, Omiodes, Pyrausta, and Phlydaenia, with 80 species. Of these the first only is American in origin, the other four Asiatic. Possibly this period may coincide in time with the considerable extension of the Hawaiian Islands to the north-west which seems to have once existed. Third Period, This includes 18 genera and 48 species. Of the genera 6 are probably Australian or New Zealand in origin {Dasyuris, Progonostola, Xanthorhoe, Hontoeosoma^ Geno- phantis, Talis)^ 5 Asiatic [HypenodeSy Cosntophila, Hydriomena, Lycaena, Margaronid), and 5 North American {Nesamiptisy Vanessa (i species), Prionopteryx, Mecyna, Loxostege), showing a nearly balanced equality of influence which implies circumstances much as at present. Leucania and Deilephila (4 species) are of doubtful import. Fourth Period, This is represented by 29 species, contained in 21 genera, viz. Agrotis (2 species), Deilephila (i species), Vanessa (3 species), Lycaena (i species), and the 17 genera recited above as wholly apodemic. Excluding 9 of these genera, which are presumably of artificial introduction, and 7 other species which are practically cosmopolitan, there remain only 1 1 species, of which 5 are certainly and 2 probably of American origin, and 4 presumably Asiatic. The preponderance of the American element (I think a majority of the cosmopolitan species probably also came from that side) seems to be explained by the fact that almost all these species possess great powers of flight, and find little obstacle in mere distance, but are by no means independent of the wind ; this effect is therefore traceable to the influence of the N.E. Trade-winds. MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 133 It Is to be observed that none of the genera of the first and second periods, except AgrotiSy and only about half the genera of the third period can be esteemed strong on the wing ; these must therefore in general have proceeded by way of intermediate islands. Moreover, nearly all the genera of decided American origin, in whatever period, possess this characteristic of strong flight, and as the trade-winds must always have existed, there seems no reason to suspect the previous existence of any inter- mediate islands between Hawaii and N. America. Inter-Island Distribution of Species. The following statistics relate only to the 261 endemic species. No doubt further exploration would extend the inter-island range of some species, but probably new species of restricted range would be discovered in an equal proportion, so that the general results may be taken as fairly representative. Of 4 species taken by Mr Blackburn the localities have not been recorded ; I suppose 3 to be from Maui and i from Oahu, but they are not included hereafter ; the total may then be taken as 257. Of these 173, or more than two-thirds (67 per cent), are confined each to a single island. The whole number of species occurring in each island, the number of peculiar species, and the proportion between the two numbers, are given in the following table : Total winnber. Hawaii 128 Maui 66 Lanai 32 Molokai 49 Oahu 51 Kauai 97 _._ Peculiar species. Pe7 rentage. 65 51 26 39 5 16 12 24 17 ^Z 48 49 Of the remaining 84 species, 36 have been taken both in Hawaii and Kauai, at opposite ends of the group, and usually in one or more of the intermediate islands ; they may therefore be counted as ranging throughout the group. The distribution of the others is as follows : Hawaii, Maui Hawaii, Maui, Lanai Hawaii, Maui, Molokai Hawaii, Lanai 9 I 3 4 134 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Hawaii, Molokai 7 Hawaii, Oahu 3 Maui, Lanai 2 Maui, Lanai, Molokai, Kauai i Maui, Molokai i Maui, Molokai, Oahu i Maui, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai i Maui, Molokai, Kauai i Maui, Oahu, Kauai i Maui, Kauai 2 Lanai, Molokai 2 Lanai, Molokai, Oahu i Lanai, Oahu i Lanai, Oahu, Kauai i Molokai, Kauai 2 Oahu, Kauai 4 These figures do not seem to lead to very much. The high percentage of peculiar species in Hawaii and Kauai is apparently only what might be expected from their position at the extremities of the group, since interchange of species proceeds in their case on one side only, whilst in the intermediate islands it proceeds on both sides. There are certain well-marked instances of representative species in the different islands. Thus in Scoparia there are six species (nos. 7 — 12) which are easily distinguishable from all the rest by the entire black subterminal fascia, yet also separated by well-marked characters from one another ; five of these are confined respectively to the five islands Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Oahu, and Kauai ; the sixth is a Kauai species, but differs from all the other five in being yellow instead of white. Scoparia halmaea is the Kauai representative of S. meristis. Orthomecyna alloptila, chrysopkanes, and albicatidata are mutually representative in Hawaii, Kauai, and Lanai respectively. O, exigtia^ which occurs in Hawaii, Maui, and Molokai, is represented in Lanai by O. cupreipennis, and in Kauai by O. mesochasma, Scotorytkra aruraea, from Hawaii, is represented in Oahu by O, caryopis, in Kauai by O, isospora, and probably in Maui by O. corticea. On the other hand there are some curious instances of allied species, which might have been expected to belong to different localities, but which are found occurring side by side. Such for example are the two species of Sisyrophyta^ which are very similar except in the peculiar secondary sexual characters of the males, the females being superficially almost indistinguishable ; both of these are common in the same localities in Hawaii, though it is true that one also occurs in Molokai. So also Scoparia strtithias^ triacma^ and cryerodes, which are so similar that I took them at first for one variable species — perhaps I should add that there is really no doubt of their distinctness — all occur commonly together in the same locality, and are confined to the same island. Omiodes demaratalis and monogramma are another very closely MACROLEPIDOPTERA 1 35 related pair, inhabiting the same localities in Oahu and Kauai. It seems to me that possibly the comparative slackness of competition in the Hawaiian Islands may account for this coexistence of two or three similar related forms, of which under severer conditions one would probably have been improved up to the point of com- pletely ousting the others, or perhaps the weaker would have been superseded by a species of a different group. Characteristics of the Fauna. {cl) Absence of primitive forms. There are no genera of very early type, such as would help to fill up gaps between previously known forms. The conditions might probably have been favour- able for the preservation of such genera, if they had ever reached the islands, but they do not seem to have reached them. The genera of the first two periods designated above are early rather than late ; they belong to the earlier half of the Lepidoptera, but that is all that can be said for them. Perhaps the islands, old as they must be geologically, are still not old enough for this. (J)) Prevalent close relationship of species. In those genera where the species are numerous, they are also generally very difficult to understand. Had the specimens been without locality-labels, I do not think it would have been possible to have separated the species satisfactorily ; but when arranged in geographical series, the differences, if any, became apparent. This state of things would seem to imply that the elimination of species has not been carried so far as in other regions where there is a sharper competition, which would have tended to increase the divergence, whilst at the same time destroying the intermediates. The climax of difficulty is reached in Scotorythra, where many of the species are also very variable, whilst the sexes often differ considerably and are hard to match, and the secondary sexual characters, which often afford a good distinction in the males, are not available in the females. It is of course essential that the sexes of these species should be able to recognise one another with ease, and the visible differences which exist are sometimes so slight or so little obvious that it hardly seems credible that they can be appreciated by the insects themselves ; in such cases it would appear necessary to suppose that the sense of smell has to supply the deficiency. The expansible hair tufts on the genital organs of almost all Lepidoptera are probably scent-producing structures connected with this purpose. On the other hand, if the insects themselves do not 136 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS appreciate slight visible differences, how are these differences preserved from loss ? It seems difficult to imagine that the numerous white and black species of the jucunda group of Scoparia, which are no doubt well concealed by their colouring amongst the lichens, derive any advantage in this respect from the slight characters of marking in which they differ from one another ; and if there were not some influence tending to the maintenance of these characters, variation in that particular would be unrestricted and they would disappear. In an ordinary fauna this difficulty does not usually present itself {c) Tendency to variability. An unusual proportion of species show strong variability, which in perhaps 1 5 or more species becomes excessive. It is impossible to give precise figures on this point, that would be of any real value, as many of the species only exist in one or two speci- mens. The variation of such insects as Hypenodes altivolans and Eucymatoge monti- colans is quite phenomenal, and the proportion of highly variable forms is certainly much larger than in an ordinary fauna. In New Zealand, however, highly variable species of the same character are found in perhaps much the same proportion. Such species seem to resemble nebulae, which time, or a modification of circumstances, will break up and condense into groups of stars. I conceive that species in this state of potential multiplication are more plentiful in thinly stocked regions, such as the Hawaiian Islands and New Zealand, because the number of unoccupied stations for species acts as an apparent incentive by removing a real check. In other words, species are being formed relatively much more frequently in such regions, and therefore these aiford the most favourable opportunity for studying the process. In confirmation of this view, it may be noted that the 57 species of Scoparia are remarkably constant, not one being even moderately variable, on the available evidence ; in this genus specific development has already proceeded so far that suitable stations (assuming restriction to a lichen-feeding habit) are probably almost all occupied. (d) Tendency to dull colouring. It might perhaps be expected that a group of tropical islands, enjoying abundant sunshine and possessed of a luxuriant vegetation, would be remarkable for the bright colouring of its Lepidoptera, but the case is quite the reverse. Considered as a whole, the general effect is exceptionally sombre. This is in some part attributable to the accidental constitution of the limited fauna, of which the principal genera are such as are usually inconspicuously coloured in all regions ; thus Agrotis habitually assumes the obscure tints of the dead leaves and rubbish amongst which the species conceal them- MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 137 selves by day, and Scoparia the mottled black and white, or grey effects of the lichens which it frequents in all stages. Families, such as the Arctiadae or Zygaenidae, which are generally brightly coloured, do not happen to occur in the islands at all. But after making due allowance for these circumstances, it appears that there is a real local tendency to a dusky suffusion, which often obscures brighter pigments, even when they are perceptibly present. The best evidence of this is furnished by the local forms of apodemic species ; thus the local race of Hypocala andremona is so much overspread with dark suffusion that it has been regarded as a distinct species ; and there is a native race of Heliothis armigera^ in which the suffused dark terminal band of the hindwings is considerably extended. Margaronia cyanomichla belongs to a group of the genus of which all the other members are sharply and clearly marked with prismatic-white fasciae, but itself has these markings more or less obscurely suffused with dusky-violet. Many species of various genera, when examined with a lens, show a not inconsiderable admixture of crimson, green, yellow, or blue scales, but so combined with other dark scales that there is litde or no appearance of these colours in the general effect ; such are Hypenodes cyanias, several species of Eucymatoge, MestolobeSy and even Scoparia, It seems to me probable that this tendency is connected with the superabundant moisture of the climate, and is due to influences exerted in the pupal stage, but it is sufficient here to call attention to it as an existing fact. Imitative Colouring. The question of the assimilation of the colouring of a species to the rocks or plants which it frequents, can only be adequately treated by the collector, who has seen the insect amongst its natural surroundings. But there seem to be two or three cases of apparent mimicry— the assumption by a species of a facies foreign to its own genus but closely resembling that of an unrelated genus— which require to be noticed here, though they can only be adequately explained by observations made on the spot. These are as follows : Hypenodes epichalca and H. cyanias (although not at all resembling one another) are so like species of Phlyctaenia in general appearance that at first I had grouped them with that genus, and was much surprised, on a structural examination, to discover their true position. There is no exact imitation, but H, epichalca, which is yellow and black, has a strong general resemblance to Phlyctaenia chalcophanes. and occurs in the same locality, and at the same season ; and H, cyanias, which is really partially coloured with violet-blue but does not show it to the naked eye, is very similar to P, ennychioides, a dark purplish-fuscous species which is found with it. Phlyctaenia heterodoxa is quite unlike all its congeners, and has assumed the facies of Omiodes demaratalis; the character of the lines and spots has been entirely altered, 138 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS the black orbicular dot and straight pale second line being faithfully reproduced. This species is from Maui, and I have no record of O. demaratalis from that island, yet as it is one of the commoner species, and is known from Hawaii, Oahu, and Kauai, it does probably occur in the other islands as well. In each of these three cases the supposed mimicking species is apparently com- paratively scarce, and the mimicked one undoubtedly common. But there is at present no evidence to show that the latter is in any way distasteful or otherwise protected, without which the proof breaks down ; future collectors are therefore invited to experiment in this direction. It must be remembered that it is also quite possible that the members of each pair of similar species are coloured alike merely in similar adaptation to identical surroundings. Dorsal scale-projection of forewings. Finally, I may note that in many of the Pyraustidae there is an unusual tendency to increased development of the dorsal scale-projection towards the base of the fore- wings, which is normally inconspicuous. In some species it becomes so prominent that I at first thought it might be of value as a classificational character; but finding that it occurred in various genera, yet was often conspicuous in one and obsolete in another of closely allied species, I was forced to the conclusion that it was of no importance as a test of relationship. It is therefore probably an adaptive modification, depending on external circumstances. § % Systematic account of the Macrolepidoptera. CARADRININA. CARADRINIDAE. Leucania Ochs. Head rough-scaled. Eyes hairy. Antennae in i ciliated. Thorax with or without slight anterior crest. Abdomen not crested. 1. Forewings with first and second lines entire 2. „ „ reduced to dots or obsolete .5. 2. First line very oblique, to about middle of dorsum 3- „ not very oblique, to about | of dorsum 4- MACROLEPIDOPTERA 139 Forewings more or less rosy or red-tinged {4) eiididias. „ not red-tinged (j) niphadopa. Orbicular and reniform white (2) co?jtpsias. „ ,, not white (/) anthracias. Reniform marked by a white dot 6. „ not white-marked {6) typhlodes* Forewings with oblique subapical shade reaching second line (p) imipiinda. „ without subapical shade reaching second line 7. Hind wings rosy-tinged (7) pyrrhias. „ not rosy-tinged 8. Forewings strigulated with fuscous (8)'amblycasis. „ not strigulated (5) macrosaris. (i) Leucania anthracias ^ sp. nov. ^, 34 — 35 mm. Head and thorax fuscous or reddish-fuscous, darker posteriorly, pale-sprinkled. Base of abdomen with dense lateral tufts concealed in basal cavities. Forewings dark fuscous, slightly or strongly mixed with dull crimson, thinly whitish- sprinkled ; subbasal, first, and second lines obscurely dark-edged, first hardly defined, second moderately curved ; median shade obscurely darker ; orbicular and reniform blackish-outlined, orbicular small, round, pale, dark-centred ; subterminal line bisinuate, formed of obscure whitish-ochreous spots, sometimes nearly obsolete except at tornus. Hind wings pale fuscous. (Plate IV. fig. i.) 2 specimens; i Olaa, Hawaii, in September; i Haleakala, Maui, at 9000 feet, in October. (2) Leucania coinpsias, sp. nov. ^%^ 33 36 mm. Head and thorax whitish-ochreous, sometimes partially or wholly mixed with dark fuscous. Base of abdomen densely hairy, in ^ with dense lateral tufts concealed in basal cavities. Forewings rather dark brown or fuscous, sometimes much mixed with ferruginous, basal and median areas sometimes much suffused with whitish-ochreous; subbasal, first, and second lines whitish-ochreous or white, edged with dark fuscous, waved, first nearly straight, rather oblique, running to dorsum at f , second moderately unevenly curved ; a suffused darker median shade, right-angled in middle ; orbicular small, transverse, somewhat constricted in middle, white; reniform forming an inverted U, white, sometimes connected beneath with orbicular by a white spot; subterminal line whitish, waved, terminal area beyond this sometimes wholly suffused with whitish. Hindwings in ^ pale fuscous, in ? fuscous ; a pale subterminal line more or less distinctly indicated. (Plate IV. fig. 2.) 5 specimens; 3 Kilauea, Hawaii, in August; 2 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet, in September and November. A variable species. M. F. H. i40 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (3) Leucania niphadopa, sp. nov. $. 34 — 25 mm. Head and thorax rather dark fuscous, pale-sprinkled. Fore- wings rather dark fuscous, faintly purplish-tinged ; first and second lines hardly paler, obscurely dark-edged, first straight, oblique, running to near middle of dorsum, second gently curved on upper f ; orbicular small, round, white ; reniform represented by two transversely placed finely connected small white spots, followed by two white dots between which is an irregular white spot partially suffused with ochreous-yellow ; an obscure darker praesubterminal shade. Hind wings rather light fuscous. 2 specimens, Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet, in November. (4) Leucania euclidiaSj sp. nov. (/?. 28 — 36 mm. Head and thorax light rosy-ochreous or light crimson-fuscous, seldom fuscous. Base of abdomen densely hairy, in j n not marked with whitish streak 15. Orbicular and reniform combined, present {g) dislocata, j» J) wholly absent {8) aiilacias. Forewings fuscous, spots black-edged {7) perigramma. red-brown, spots not black-edged {23) ceramophaea. Claviform dash-like, blackish (7^) spoderopa, „ not dash-like i y . Forewings with defined blackish submedian streak (at least outhned) from base to middle 18. „ without such streak 19. First and second lines entire, dark fuscous {s) pmioplias, j» )> indicated by dots or indistinct {id) xipkias. Forewings with veins black \i i) melanoneura. ,, „ not black 20. Median line absent 21. ,, present 22. Orbicular distinct (j^) tephrias. „ obsolete ,. {13) photophila. Orbicular dot-like {if) epicremna. „ not dot-like 23. Median Hne curved 24. „ bent in middle {18) baliopa. Forewings ochreous or brown, orbicular fuscous {24) psa^nmophaea. „ fuscous, orbicular pale, dark-centred (25) austalea. 143 (i) Agrotis ypsilon Rott {suffusa Hlib.). II specimens; 3 Kona, Hawaii, at 1500 — 4000 feet; i Kilauea, Hawaii; i Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet ; i Kaholuamano, Kauai ; i Waianae Mts,, Oahu, at 2000 feet; i Kaala Mts., Oahu, at 1000 feet; 2 Lanai, at 2000 feet; i Molokai, at 3000 feet ; from February to September ; apparently established and common generally. Occurs also throughout the northern hemisphere. (2) Agrotis saticia Hub. 3 specimens ; 2 Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet ; i Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet; in May. Occurs also in N. America, W.C. and S. Europe, and N. Africa. (3) Agrotis micro7'eas, sp. nov. ^/?. 22 26 mm. Head and thorax brown mixed with black, patagia with an oblique whitish streak. Antennae in i moderately bipectinated. Forewings ferrugi- nous-brown, much mixed with black, disc in % light ochreous ; veins partially suffused with white, especially lower margin of cell, i b, and 6 ; orbicular, reniform, and a 144 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS broad streak beneath cell from base to middle darker. Hindwings dark fuscous, darkest terminally. (Plate IV. fig. 4.) 2 specimens, Kilauea, Hawaii, in September. Differs from all the rest by its small size and dark fuscous hindwings. (4) A gratis arenivolans Butl. Agrotis arenivolans Butl. Ent. Mo. Mag. xv. p. 269. j j> " 23 172 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 2 7, Posterior tarsi \ {26) brachytarsa. -T {27)rara, B. Females. 18. Forewings with discal spot broad, not lunate 19. „ „ narrow, lunate 21. 19. Discal spot roundish; expanse 33 mm. or less {12) idolias, „ trapezoidal, dilated beneath; expanse 40 mm. or more 20. 20. Forewings narrower, ferruginous-tinged {22) trachyopis, „ less narrow, not ferruginous-tinged {23) macrosoma. 21. Median shade much broader than other lines, distinct {g) hecataea. „ not or little broader, generally obsolete . 22. 22. Forewings with apical spot of pale suffusion 23. „ without such spot 24. 23. Forewings with dorsal edge and terminal cilia clear pale yellowish {2^) artemidora, „ „ „ not pale {24) pachyspila, 24. First and second lines dark-dotted 25. „ „ not dark-dotted 28. 25. Termen of forewings gently waved 26. „ „ moderately waved 27. 26. Expanse 45 mm. or more {27) rara. „ 44 mm. or less {ij) paludicola. 27. Lines and discal spot usually strongly marked (Kauai species) {21) nephelosticta. „ „ rather obscurely marked (Hawaii species) (26) brachytarsa, 28. Head and thorax dark fuscous 29. „ „ brown, somewhat reddish-tinged {18) triscta. 29. Forewings broader, lines obsolete {20) platycapna, „ less broad, lines distinct (/p) capnopa. (i) Scotorythra syngonopa, sp. nov. ^. 43 mm. Head and thorax light grey, patagia whitish towards tips. Antennae white, faintly greyish-ringed, pectinations 10, laterally black-lined. Abdomen \\, grey, segmental margins white, anal tuft ochreous-whitish. Legs grey, posterior tibiae whitish-mixed, dilated, enclosing a whitish hair-pencil, posterior tarsi f. Forewings somewhat elongate-triangular, termen rather obliquely rounded, faintly waved, dorsum more rounded than usual ; light ochreous-grey, finely strigulated with rather dark fuscous ; costa with some irregularly strewn ochreous-white strigulae ; first, median, and second lines forming cloudy darker fuscous shades, first faint, curved, median faint, sinuate, towards dorsum more distinct and subconfluent with second, second posteriorly tolerably well-defined and partially obscurely pale-edged, waved, moderately curved outwards on upper f and inwards near dorsum ; discal spot very long-transverse, cloudy, rather dark fuscous. Hindwings with termen waved ; colour and markings MACROLEPIDOPTERA "^11 as in forewings, but first line obsolete, second hardly curved inwards near dorsum, discal spot much smaller and less distinct. (Plate IV. fig. 28.) I specimen, Waimea Mts., Kauai, at 4000 feet, in May. Rather markedly distinct by its size, grey-striated appearance, more rounded dorsum of forewings, length of discal spot, and form of second line. {2) Scotorythra arboricolans Butl. Scotorythra arboricolens (prav. form.) Butl. Ent. Mo. Mag. xix. p. 177. t ?. 27 — 35 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen varying from light fuscous or grey to (in %) whitish-ochreous, abdomen in ^ i^ — \\, segmental margins white. Antennae whitish-grey or ochreous-whitish, darker-ringed, pectinations in ^ 7 — 8, whitish, laterally black-lined. Legs grey, posterior tibiae whitish-mixed, in t somewhat dilated, enclosing a whitish hair-pencil, posterior tarsi in ^ f to almost i. Forewings somewhat elongate- triangular, termen in ^ faintly, in % more distinctly sinuate beneath apex, bowed, rather oblique ; in ^ fuscous or grey, varying in depth, more or less densely strigulated with dark fuscous, in $ brownish-ochreous to ochreous-whitish, densely strigulated with fuscous ; first and second lines indistinctly darker, obscurely dotted with blackish, second sometimes posteriorly pale-edged, in one % first obsolete and second represented by a white streak, first slightly curved, second with upper | moderately curved or bent out- wards ; a transverse-oval discal spot indistinctly dark-outlined, sometimes traversed by a dark fuscous median shade ; seldom a darker praesubterminal shade and subapical suffusion. Hindwings with termen waved ; colour, discal spot, median shade, second line, and praesubterminal shade as in forewings. 12 specimens; 10 Kona, Hawaii, at 2000 — 4000 feet; i Kilauea, Hawaii; i Lanai, at 3000 feet ; from July to September. Butler's type was from Lanai, and I have also two other specimens of Mr Blackburn's from the same locality. A very variable species, but easy of recognition ; its comparatively small size, greyish colouring, outlined discal spot, and form of second line are its most prominent characters. (3) Scotorythra caryopis, sp. nov. t, 24 — 26 mm. ; ?, ^o mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen in $ light reddish- ochreous, in ? whitish-ochreous, abdomen sprinkled with dark fuscous, in ^ i^. Antennae whitish-ochreous, fuscous-ringed, pectinations in t 1, blackish-lined. Posterior tibiae in Z moderately dilated, enclosing a whitish-ochreous hair-pencil, posterior tarsi in ^ |. Forewings rather elongate-triangular, termen slightly waved, bowed, rather oblique, in % more oblique and somewhat sinuate beneath apex ; in t 23—2 174 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS reddish-ochreous or reddish-ochreous-brown, strigulated with dark fuscous, in $ whitish- ochreous irrorated with dark fuscous ; first line curved, in ^ partially marked with dark fuscous, in % with three dark fuscous dots ; median more or less dark, curved outwards on upper half ; a transverse-oval fuscous discal spot before median, sometimes obsolete ; second line waved, in t more or less dark-marked, in % dotted with dark fuscous, curved outwards on upper |, nearly approximated to median on lower third, space between these sometimes suffused with dark fuscous in middle and on dorsum ; subterminal faintly indicated ; sometimes an oblique dark subapical streak. Hindwings with termen waved ; colour and lines as in forewings, but first line obsolete, median and second not much approximated dorsally. 4 specimens ; 3 near Honolulu, Oahu, at 2000 feet ; i Pauoa Valley, Oahu, at 1500 feet ; in March, April, and October. This species, isospora, aruraea, and probably corticea, are closely related together, and may be regarded as representative forms of a common stock, each being confined to a different island. This species is particularly distinguished by the dorsal approximation of the median and second lines of forewings ; it is also the smallest in average size. (4) Scotorythra epicyma, sp. nov. $. 43 mm* Head and thorax light ferruginous-brown. Antennae pale brownish- ochreous. Abdomen brownish-ochreous, sprinkled with dark fuscous. Forewings rather elongate-triangular, apex slightly prominent, termen somewhat bowed, little oblique ; ferruginous-brown, slightly sprinkled with blackish ; first, median, second, and praesubterminal thick cloudy dark fuscous shades, three former rather near together, first and second waved, hardly curved, not reaching costa, median and praesub- terminal almost straight, entire, but latter faint at tornus ; a cloudy dark fuscous terminal patch beneath apex, Hindwings with termen hardly waved ; colour, median, second, and praesubterminal shades, connecting blotch, and subapical suffusion as in forewings. I specimen, Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in April. Evidently allied to the isospora group, but distinguished from them all by the straighter lines, larger size, and hardly waved termen of hindwings ; the dark suffusion of the markings is probably variable as in the allied species. (5) Scotorythra corticea Butl. Scotosia corticea Butl. Ann. Mag. N. H. (5) vii., t88i, p. 319; Ent. Mo. Mag. XIX. p. 177. $. 35 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen brownish, segmental margins finely whitish. Antennae ochreous-whitish, hardly ringed. Forewings rather elongate- MA CROLEPIDOP TERA 1 7 5 triangular, termen somewhat bowed, oblique ; brown, strigulated with dark fuscous ; first and second lines cloudy, fuscous, marked with dark fuscous dots on veins, first moderately curved towards costa, second curved outwards on upper f , rather sinuate inwards towards dorsum ; median shade thick, rather dark fuscous, sinuate ; an ill- defined dark discal dot before this ; a cloudy rather dark fuscous praesubterminal shade. Hindwings with termen moderately waved ; colour and markings as in forewings, but first line absent, median and second lines little curved, more cloudy, praesubterminal little marked. Mr Perkins obtained no specimens of this form ; I have described the type in the British Museum collection, from Haleakala, Maui, at 4000 feet. There should have been a second specimen in Mr Blackburn's collection, but it seems to have been lost. The type is a partially deformed female, but there is no doubt of its distinctness from all others except 5. aruraea ; from this it differs only by the more sinuate median and second lines of the forewings, and apparently separate (though little-defined) discal dot ; as the two forms are from different islands, and the other most closely allied species are each apparently confined to a single island, I have thought it best (in the absence of the male of corticea) to keep them as separate species until further material is available. (6) Scotorythra isospora, sp. nov. ^^^ 26 — 36 mm. Head and thorax in J brownish, sometimes pale-sprinkled, in % light greyish-ochreous. Antennae whitish or ochreous-whitish, faintly fuscous-ringed, pectinations in t 7—8, laterally blackish-lined. Abdomen in ^ i^ brownish, sprinkled with dark fuscous, segmental margins and anal tuft ochreous-whitish, in % pale greyish- ochreous sprinkled with dark fuscous. Legs in t fuscous, posterior tibiae whitish- mixed, somewhat dilated, enclosing an ochreous-whitish hair-pencil, in ? ochreous- whitish sprinkled with dark fuscous, posterior tarsi in ^ |. Forewings rather elongate-triangular, termen faintly sinuate beneath apex, bowed, oblique, waved, in ? more strongly ; brownish-ochreous in t, light greyish-ochreous in ?, more or less densely strigulated with dark fuscous; first and second lines cloudy, indistinct, darker, marked with dark fuscous or blackish dots on veins, first curved, second waved, moderately curved, slightly sinuate inwards near dorsum ; median shade broader, cloudy, somewhat sinuate, in % seldom also black-dotted on veins ; no discal spot; in % sometimes a more or less developed broad fuscous suffusion in disc posterioriy beneath median vein, extending obliquely upwards to termen beneath apex. Hindwings with termen dentate ; colour and markings as in fore- wings, but first line obsolete. 28 specimens; 17 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet; 11 Waimea Mts., Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to June. Difi-ers from its nearest allies by the dentate termen of hindwings, usually also by the paler colouring and more conspicuously dotted lines. 176 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (7) Scotorythra aruraea, sp. nov. «^««^- (i) Omiodes blackburni Butl. Botys blackburni Butl. Ent. Mo. Mag. xiv. p. 48. Omiodes blackburni Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 214. ^^. 30—37 mm. Sufficiently described by me (1. c.) ; but in one female from Lanai the groundcolour of both wings is mostly suffused with rather dark fuscous. 17 specimens; 7 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; 5 Lahaina, Maui, on coast; 1 Honolulu, Oahu ; 2 Lanai, at 3000 feet ; i Makaweli, Kauai, on coast ; i Waimea Mts., Kauai, at 4000 feet ; in June, July, and November. Bred from larvae feeding on the banana {Mtisa), to which it is very destructive. (2) Omiodes euryprora, sp. nov. ^g. 31— 33 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, lower half white. Legs dark fuscous, tarsi white. Forewings long, apex subacute, termen rather strongly sinuate; fuscous, purplish-tinged, irregularly sprinkled with whitish; a sharply-defined blackish-fuscous very broad median band, not reaching costa, anteriorly edged by lower portion of faintly marked angulated first line, anterior half of upper edge excavated, with a blackish orbicular dot in middle of excavation, posterior edge margined by whitish second line, forming a strong obtuse prominence in middle; a terminal series of blackish-fuscous dots. Hindwings fuscous, darker posteriorly ; an obscure paler postmedian line, angulated in middle. (Plate V. fig. r8.) 3 specimens ; 2 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet, in June and November ; i Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet, in January. (3) Omiodes asaphombra, sp. nov. ^. 35 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous. Palpi fuscous, lower half white. Forewings long, termen slightly sinuate ; fuscous, somewhat mixed with whitish and MACROLEPIDOPTERA 203 darker ; a very broad dark fuscous median band mixed with ferruginous, not reaching costa, anterior edge straight, anterior half of upper edge excavated, with a dark fuscous orbicular dot m excavation before middle, posterior edge wholly suffused and undefined- a termmal series of dark fuscous dots. Hindwings rather dark fuscous ; a slightly paler postmedian shade, darker-edged, obtusely angulated in middle. I specimen, Waimea Mts., Kauai, at 4000 feet, in May, (4) Omiodes iridias, sp. nov. ^?. 27—28 mm. Head and thorax dark fuscous, with white line above eyes. Palpi dark fuscous, lower half white. Forewings rather long, termen slightly sinuate beneath apex ; dark fuscous, irrorated with dull purplish ; lines obscurely paler, first obtusely angulated above middle, obsolete on costa, second very obtusely angulated below middle, straight or slightly curved on upper portion, sinuate in wards'" below angulation ; enclosed median band in ^ hardly darker, somewhat ferruginous-mixed on dorsal half, in % blackish except towards costa, upper edge excavated on anterior half, with a blackish orbicular dot in excavation before middle ; a terminal series of dark fuscous or blackish dots: cilia fuscous, with darker subbasal line. Hindwings rather dark fuscous ; an obscurely paler slightly sinuate postmedian line, anteriorly darker- edged ; cilia as in forewings. (Plate V. fig. 19.) 2 specimens, Kilauea, Hawaii, in August. (5) Omiodes epicentra, sp, nov. ^?. 25 — 26 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen whitish-ochreous mixed with brownish, segmental margins narrowly whitish, anal tuft mixed with dark fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, lower half white. Forewings moderate, termen bowed ; pale ochreous, irregularly mixed with whitish and sprinkled with dark fuscous ; veins indistinctly whitish ; first line dark fuscous, very acutely angulated in middle, upper portion indistinct, lower strongly marked and followed by a brownish-ochreous suffusion ; a blackish orbicular dot ; two dark fuscous discal dots transversely placed, followed by an oblique brownish-ochreous suffusion ; second line whitish, edged with dark fuscous, with very slight and obtuse angulation below middle ; a terminal series of blackish triangular dots. Hindwings grey, darker-sprinkled ; a blackish discal dot ; a straight whitish postmedian line, edged anteriorly with dark fuscous, and posteriorly by a cloudy dark fuscous suffusion ; an interrupted blackish terminal line. 3 specimens, Waialua, Oahu, on plains, in March, M. F. H. 27 204 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (6) Omtodes anastreptay sp. nov. ?. 28 — 29 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, lower half white. Forewings moderate, termen faintly sinuate beneath apex ; rather dark fuscous, more or less whitish-sprinkled ; first line whitish, angulated above middle, nearly or quite obsolete above angulation, lower portion margined posteriorly by a thick blackish-fuscous streak which is nearly rectangularly bent and continued beneath median vein to discal mark, this angle sometimes filled with dark suffusion ; a small black orbicular dot ; a transverse blackish discal mark ; second line whitish, slightly sinuate beneath costa, edged posteriorly by a suffused dark fuscous band, and some- times anteriorly by a series of dark fuscous dots ; a terminal series of blackish dots. Hind wings rather dark grey ; a paler slightly sinuate postmedian line, edged anteriorly with dark grey dots, and posteriorly by a band of dark grey suffusion ; a terminal series of blackish dots. 2 specimens ; i Kona, Hawaii, at 4000 feet, in September ; i Molokai Mts. (forest above Pelekuna), in August. (7) Omtodes telegraphay sp. nov. t* 40 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-yellowish. Palpi yellow-brownish, lower half whitish. Forewings long, termen sinuate beneath subacute apex ; light ochreous- yellowish, slightly blackish-sprinkled, veins partially white ; first line very acutely angulated above middle, only indicated by several blackish dots between veins ; second line cloudy, blackish, interrupted by veins, almost straight ; an almost terminal series of blackish dots, preceded by white dashes. Hind wings grey, veins whitish ; a dark grey discal dot ; a straight whitish postmedian line, edged anteriorly narrowly, and posteriorly more broadly with dark grey suffusion ; a terminal series of black dots preceded by white dashes. (Plate V. fig. 20.) I specimen, Olaa, Hawaii, in September. (8) Omtodes accepta Butl. Botys accepta Butl. Ent Mo. Mag. xiv. p. 49. Omtodes accepta Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 214. ^$, 22 — 33 mm. Sufficiently described by me (1. c). 16 specimens ; 6 Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet ; 4 Kona, Hawaii, from 1500 to 4000 feet ; i Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet ; i Molokai, at 3000 feet ; 3 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet; i Waimea Mts., Kauai, at 4000 feet; in December and January, and from April to September. MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 205 {9) Omiodes continuatalis Wall. Salbia continuatalis Wall Wien. Ent. Mon. i860, p. 175. Botys continuatalis Butl. Ent. Mo. Mag. xv, p. 270. Omiodes continuatalis Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 215. ^$. 26 — 32 mm. Sufficiently described by me (1. c). 30 specimens ; 4 Kona, Hawaii, from 2000 to 4000 feet ; 12 Waianae Mts., Oahu ; 3 Waialua, Oahu, on coast ; 6 Lanai, from 2000 to 3000 feet ; i Molokai Mts. ; 3 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet; i Waimea Mts., Kauai, at 4000 feet; from February to June, and in September. (10) Omiodes monogramma, sp. nov. J. 25 — 29 mm. Head and palpi deep ferruginous, lower half of palpi white. Thorax ferruginous, posteriorly paler and mixed with whitish-ochreous. Abdomen ferruginous-ochreous, segmental margins usually finely white. Forewings moderate, termen gently bowed ; ferruginous ; costa suffused with dark fuscous from base to f ; second line about f , almost straight, white, obsolete on costa, posteriorly edged with fuscous suffusion ; a dark fuscous terminal line : ciUa grey, with darker sub- basal line. Hindwings fuscous, usually suffused with dull ochreous towards dorsum ; a white postmedian line, obtusely angulated near tornus, posteriorly edged with dark fuscous suffusion, beyond which the terminal area is wholly ferruginous-ochreous ; a dark fuscous terminal line ; cilia whitish, with dark grey subbasal line. (Plate V. fig. 21.) 5 specimens ; 2 Waianae Mts., Oahu ; 3 Waimea Mts., Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to June. Allied to O, demaratalis, but differs by the larger size, ferru- ginous colouring, absence of orbicular and discal dots, second line of forewings placed nearer termen, and postmedian line of hindwings obtusely angulated and followed by dark fuscous suffusion. (ii) Omiodes demaratalis Walk. Botys demaratalis Walk. Cat. xix. p. 1009. Omiodes demaratalis Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 216. Sufficiently described. 22 specimens; 13 Waianae Mts., Oahu; 8 Waimea Mts., Kauai, at 4000 feet ; I Kona, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; from April to June and in September. Also recorded from Honolulu, Oahu, where I took it in August. 27 — 2 2o6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (12) Omiodes monogona Meyr. Omiodes monogona Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 216. O, liodyta, ib. 217. ^g. 17 — 28 mm. The second line of forewings varies in form to some extent, covering both descriptions, and also in breadth, being sometimes thick and suffused posteriorly. The types from which my two descriptions were drawn are now seen to belong certainly to the same species ; however the two examples of O, liodyta remain peculiar in respect of size, as none of Mr Perkins' specimens are below 22 mm. 21 specimens; 4 Olaa, Hawaii; 2 Kona, Hawaii, at 4000 feet; 2 Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 1700 feet; 12 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet; i Waimea Mts., Kauai, at 4000 feet ; in April, from June to August, and in December. (13) Omiodes localis Butl. Botys localis Butl. Ent. Mo. Mag. xv. p. 271. Omiodes localis Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 217. Sufficiently described by me (1. c). 35 specimens; 12 Kona, Hawaii, from 2000 to 4000 feet; 7 Waianae Mts., Oahu, from 1 700 to 3000 feet ; i Molokai, at 3000 feet ; 2 Lanai, at 2000 feet ; 2 Waimea Mts., Kauai, at 4000 feet; 11 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet; from F'ebruary to September. Hymenia Hub. (i) Hymenia recurvalis Fab. [fascialis Cram.). 20 specimens; 7 Kona, Hawaii, at 1500 feet; i Olaa, Hawaii; 10 Waialua, Oahu, on plains ; 2 Honolulu, Oahu ; from March to June. Occurs in Asia, Africa, and Australia. Phlyctaenia Hub. 1. Forewings with second line almost straight , {24) heterodoxa, „ „ more or less broken 2. 2. Groundcolour of median band white (ii) eucrena. „ ,, not white 3. 3. Forewings with sharply marked white spots 4. „ sometimes partly whitish-suffused, but without sharp white spots 6. MACROLEPIDOPTERA 207 4. Forewings with white or yellowish discal spot beyond white median spot 5. „ without such discal spot {/) calUastra. 5. Cilia sharply barred with whitish (j) synastra. „ not or indistinctly whitish-dotted {2) hyacinthtas. 6. Forewings suffused with shining brassy-yellowish {4) chalcophanes, ,, not brassy-yellowish 7. 7. Hindwings whitish, without grey suffusion 8. ,, terminally or wholly grey 10. 8. Palpi 3 J — 4 • {2j) pyranthes. ,> 2i~3 9- 9. Forewings with costa posteriorly dotted with dark fuscous {20) liopis. „ ,, not dotted with dark fuscous {22) rhodias. 10. First line whitish or ochreous, nearly straight, partly or wholly double 11. „ more or less bent, seldom whitish 13. 11. Forewings with ferruginous-orange costal streak throughout ,...{g) iocrossa. ,, without such streak 12. 12. Forewings with reddish-ochreous costal patch beyond second line {id) micacea. „ without such patch {8) fiigrescens, 13. Forewings with dark fuscous subcostal spot beyond second line {13) metasema, „ without such spot i4- 14. Groundcolour suffused with ferruginous 15* „ not ferruginous ^1- 15. Forewings with discal spot white {14) o^nmattas, „ „ not white 16. 16. Orbicular and discal spots separated by yellow or orange spot {21) endopyra. ,, „ not separated by yellow spot {ig) despeda. 17. Forewings with pale or whitish suffusion beyond discal spot 18. „ without such suffusion ^o- 18. First line indicated by broad pale fascia, narrowed costally (j) monticolans, „ not so formed • ^9- 19. Forewings anteriorly with costal | dark, dorsal \ pale {6) ephippias, with these areas not contrasted {12) platykuca. 20. Groundcolour uniformly dark ^ ^ • „ much mixed with pale {^) chytropa, 21. First line very thick, strongly marked {16) pachy gramma. „ not very thick ^^* 22. Second line more or less whitish-edged posteriorly.... 23. not whitish-edged {18) argoscelis. 23. Palpi whitish towards base beneath {15) caminopis, „ wholly dark fuscous {17) ennychioides, (1) Phlydaenia calUastra, sp. nov. n^ 20— 23 mm. Head dark fuscous, with white lateral line. Palpi 2, dark fuscous, basal and second joints white beneath except at apex, more or less yellow- suffused. Thorax dark fuscous, two sometimes connected spots behmd collar, a mark on posterior margin, and sometimes a spot in middle of collar yellowish, and a spot on each side of back white. Abdomen dark fuscous, segmental margins white m middle of 2o8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS back and on sides. Legs dark fuscous, ringed and banded with white, posterior tibiae banded with yellowish. Forewings dark fuscous, sometimes with some yellowish scales beneath costa ; markings snow-white ; a basal median dot, another beyond it, a straight series of three small spots representing first line, two dots beyond this near costa and dorsum, a subquadrate spot in middle of disc, and two dots transversely placed beyond this ; second line represented by two connected spots beneath costa, a series of two or three dots below middle nearer termen, and a series of three small subconfluent spots on dorsal third nearer base ; a series of quadrate dots along termen and posterior half of costa ; cilia dark fuscous, apical half spotted with white. Hindwings dark fuscous ; apical half of cilia spotted with whitish. 8 specimens ; 4 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; 4 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to June. (2) Phlydaenia hyacinthias, sp. nov. ^$. 24 — 27 mm. Head blackish, with a white lateral line, back of crown some- times ochreous-yellow. Palpi 2^, basal and second joints ochreous-yellow beneath except at apex. Thorax blackish, with an ochreous-yellow spot on shoulder, two ochreous-yellow spots behind collar and one in middle of back sometimes confluent, a white spot on each side of back, and white posterior mark. Abdomen blackish, sides yellowish-mixed, segmental margins white. Legs blackish, tarsi ringed with white, middle and posterior tibiae broadly banded with yellowish, Forewings dark fuscous ; a subbasal transverse series of four dots, second white, rest ochreous-yellow ; an ochreous-yellow dorsal spot before first line ; first line ochreous-yellow, interrupted near costa by a group of three white dots, angulated inwards on lower half, followed by a spot of white and yellow scales opposite angulation ; sometimes a streak of ochreous- yellow scales strewn beneath costa from first to second line ; dot-like orbicular and oval discal spot ochreous-yellow; a transverse white spot between these, sometimes divided into two, and two white dots transversely placed beyond discal ; second line represented by two connected white marks beneath costa, a series of two or three dots below middle nearer termen, and a series of three connected marks on dorsal third nearer base ; sometimes a subterminal streak of ochreous-yellow scales ; five white dots on posterior half of costa, yellowish beneath ; a terminal series of white dots, sometimes almost obsolete ; cilia dark fuscous, sometimes with indistinct whitish dots on apical half. Hindwings dark fuscous ; two obliquely placed darker discal dots ; cilia as in forewings. (Plate V. fig. 22.) 12 specimens, Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet, from March to May. (3) Phlyctaenia synasira^ sp. nov. ^?. 15 — 21 mm. Head dark fuscous, with a white lateral line, back of crown MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 209 sometimes ochreous-yellow. Palpi 2, black, basal and second joints white beneath except at apex. Thorax dark fuscous, with two ochreous-yellow spots behind collar and sometimes one in middle of back, sometimes confluent, a white spot on each side of back, and white posterior mark. Abdomen dark fuscous, sides yellowish-mixed, segmental margins white. Legs blackish, tarsi ringed with white, middle tibiae variably or hardly pale-banded or with terminal half white, posterior tibiae broadly banded with whitish-yellowish, Forewings dark fuscous, sometimes variably strewn with whitish and yellowish scales ; a subbasal transverse series of three dots, second white, others yellowish ; first line white, sometimes partly yellowish-tinged, irregular, interrupted above middle, dilated in middle, sinuate inwards on lower half, followed by two white dots above middle and one (sometimes yellow) below middle ; dot-like orbicular and oval discal spot yellow or whitish ; a narrow transverse white spot between these, seldom reduced to several dots, and two white dots transversely placed beyond discal ; second line white, somewhat indented near costa, broken inwards below middle, usually interrupted to form three separate groups of subconfluent spots; sometimes a sub- terminal streak of pale yellowish scales ; five white or yellowish dots on posterior half of costa ; a terminal series of white dots ; cilia dark fuscous, apical half spotted with whitish. Hindwings fuscous or dark fuscous, disc in ^ sometimes suffused with whitish ; two obliquely placed darker discal dots ; an indistinct pale waved postmedian line ; cilia fuscous, apical half more or less whitish. 15 specimens ; 12 Olaa, Hawaii ; 2 Kona, Hawaii, at 2000 — 4000 feet ; i Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 2000 feet ; in April, June, July, September, and November. (4) P hlydaenia chalcophanes, sp. nov. t%* 21 — 24 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax pale ochreous-yellow sprinkled with black, back of crown deeper ochreous-yellow, palpi 2^. Abdomen black mixed with pale yellow, segmental margins white. Legs black ringed with pale yellowish, posterior tibiae suffused with whitish-yellowish. Forewings blackish, mixed with ochreous- yellow ; markings shining whitish-yellow, with prismatic reflections ; basal and subbasal spots, sometimes confluent and enlarged ; first line slender, irregular, followed by a partially confluent fascia, not reaching costa ; an oval blackish spot containing a pale mark representing orbicular, separated by a transverse spot connected beneath with preceding fascia from a subquadrate blackish discal spot containing two pale dots ; second line waved, sharply indented beneath costa, middle third curved outwards, preceded by a suffused fascia confluent above and below middle ; subterminal line slender, sharply dentate, teeth touching termen, limiting a series of triangular black terminal spots ; cilia fuscous, on apical half suffusedly spotted with whitish-yellowish. 2IO FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Hindwings rather dark fuscous; two obliquely placed darker discal dots; cilia as in forewings. (Plate V. fig. 23.) 22 specimens; 20 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; 2 Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; in January, September, and November. (5) Phlyctaenia chytropay sp. nov. ?. 18 — 21 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-ochreous irrorated with dark fuscous, palpi 2^. Abdomen dark grey, segmental margins ochreous- whitish. Legs dark fuscous, ringed with whitish, middle tibiae suffusedly banded with whitish or with terminal half wholly white, posterior tibiae mostly suffused with whitish. Fore- wings dark fuscous, irregularly and suffusedly mixed with whitish and whitish-ochreous ; a subbasal spot of dark suffusion ; first line irregular, obscurely pale, anteriorly suffused, posteriorly dark-edged ; quadrate orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot dark- suffused ; second line whitish, anteriorly black-edged, posteriorly partly edged with dark suffusion, middle third curved outwards ; subterminal line obscurely indicated by whitish suffusion ; three indistinct blackish spots before termen in middle ; a series of blackish spots along termen and posterior half of costa ; cilia fuscous, apical half spotted with whitish. Hindwings fuscous or rather dark fuscous, darker posteriorly; two obliquely placed darker discal dots ; cilia as in forewings. 2 specimens ; i Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; i Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 2000 feet ; in April and May. (6) Phlyctaenia ephippias, sp. nov. ^. 19 — 24 mm. Head and thorax light ochreous-yellowish irrorated with black, thorax with small white central spot. Palpi 2, blackish, sprinkled with pale yellowish. Abdomen dark grey. Legs blackish, ringed with white, posterior tibiae suffused with white. Forewings dull fuscous-purplish, densely irregularly irrorated with dark fuscous and light yellowish ; a darker blotch occupying costal f from base to end of discal spot, leaving dorsal fourth more yellowish ; an undefined white median basal dot ; first line dark fuscous, bent in middle, interrupted above middle and on costa ; round orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot outlined with dark fuscous, with a few white scales between them ; an undefined spot of whitish scales below discal spot ; space between discal spot and second line irregularly suffused with pale yellowish ; second line pale yellowish, anteriorly edged with dark fuscous, slightly waved, sinuate-curved outwards to near termen above tornus, indistinct in disc, rectangularly broken inwards to beneath discal spot, towards costa marked with a white dot ; a dark fuscous terminal line marked with white dots ; cilia light fuscous mixed with whitish, with a dark fuscous line, and obscurely spotted with dark fuscous. Hindwings fuscous ; two obliquely placed darker discal dots; cilia as in forewings. (Plate V, fig. 24.) 4 specimens, Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in May and June. MA CROLEPIDOP TERA 2 1 1 (7) Phlydaenia monticolans Butl. Locastra monticolens Butl Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1882, p. 34. Scapula monticolans Meyr. Op. id. 1888, p. 219. $%, 21—25 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax blackish, sprinkled with ferruginous or whitish ; thorax crested, with a spot on each side of back and a posterior spot whitish; palpi i|- — if. Abdomen dark fuscous, segmental margins whitish. Legs dark fuscous, ringed with white, posterior tibiae suffused with whitish. Forewings dark fuscous, variably mixed or irrorated with black, reddish-ochreous, and white, sometimes from subbasal to second line wholly suffused with reddish-ochreous or prismatic white ; a more or less developed straight black subbasal line or fascia ; first line thick, black, slightly curved, sometimes broadly interrupted below middle ; roundish orbicular and oblong-oval discal spot outlined with black (in one specimen almost obsolete) ; second line more or less whitish, anteriorly black-edged, waved, suddenly indented near costa, curved outwards to rather near termen, at f abruptly broken inwards to beneath discal spot ; a series of large semioval dark fuscous dots along termen and apical portion of costa, alternating with white dots, sometimes obsolete: cilia dark fuscous, apical half spotted with whitish. Hindwings rather dark fuscous, darker terminally ; two obliquely placed darker discal dots ; cilia as in forewings. 17 specimens; 4 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet ; i Panoa Valley, Oahu, at 1500 feet ; 10 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 400Q feet ; 2 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from March to June, and in November. Mr Blackburn's specimens were from near Honolulu, at 1500 feet. I have redescribed this species, as my former description did not cover the considerable range of variation now shown to exist. (8) Phlyctaenia nigrescens Butl. Mecyna nigrescens Butl. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vii. 1881, p. 328. Melanomecyna nigrescens id. Ent. Mo. Mag. xix. p. 179. Scopula nigrescens Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 220. J^. 14 — 18 mm. Head and thorax dark fuscous mixed with pale ochreous. Palpi 2—2^, dark fuscous mixed with whitish. Abdomen dark fuscous, segmental margins white. Legs dark fuscous ringed with white, posterior tibiae suffused with whitish. Forewings fuscous, with coppery reflections, variably mixed with dark fuscous, whitish-ochreous, and whitish ; first line black, preceded by whitish suffusion, lower half strong and touching orbicular beneath, upper half reduced to an indistinct mark beneath costa; roundish orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot black-outlined, space M. F. H. 2^ 212 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS between them often pale ; discal spot followed by a conspicuous white suffusion, variable in extent ; second line white, anteriorly black-edged, sinuate-curved to rather near tornus, at f abruptly broken inwards to beneath discal spot, near below which it emits a short black tooth inwards ; posterior half of costa spotted with blackish, alternating with two or more whitish-ochreous spots ; a terminal series of round blackish dots : cilia dark fuscous, apical half spotted with whitish. Hindwings rather dark fuscous, with darker terminal band ; two obliquely placed darker discal dots ; cilia dark fuscous, apical half whitish. 20 specimens ; 4 Kona, Hawaii, from 1500 to 5000 feet; i Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 2000 feet ; 3 Molokai, at 3000 feet ; i Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet ; i Wailuku, Maui ; 10 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to August. Also twenty specimens received from Mr Blackburn ; the original type-specimen was from Haleakala. (9) Phlyctaenia iocrossa, sp. nov. ^. 20 — 25 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous, sometimes much mixed with ferruginous, thorax with more or less developed central yellowish spot and sometimes white posterior mark, palpi 2^. Abdomen dark fuscous, towards apex ferruginous-marked, segmental margins white. Legs dark fuscous, ringed with whitish, posterior tibiae whitish above. Forewings rather dark fuscous, slightly purpHsh-tinged ; a more or less defined streak of ferruginous-orange suffusion along costa from base to apex, posteriorly marked with four quadrate dark fuscous costal spots ; a white median subbasal dot; first line thick, straight, vertical, whitish-orange, beneath costal streak forming a quadrate white spot enclosing a dark fuscous dot or mark ; a whitish longitudinal dash before second line above middle, and a whitish dot above this ; sometimes some orange suffusion towards middle of dorsum ; second line slender, whitish-orange, anteriorly darker-edged, marked with white beneath costal streak, middle third curved outwards, indistinct or nearly obsolete ; sometimes a whitish suffusion between veins towards termen ; a terminal series of indistinct dark fuscous spots separated by pale or whitish dots : cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings rather dark fuscous ; two obliquely placed darker discal dots, and sometimes a faint second line ; cilia dark fuscous, apical half paler. (Plate V. fig. 25.) 6 specimens; 4 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; i Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; i Molokai, at 4000 feet ; in January, June, September, and November. (10) Phlyctaenia micacea Butl. Aporodes micacea Butl. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vii. 1881, p. 326, Scopula micacea Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 220. ^$. 18 — 22 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous, more or less mixed MA CROLEPIDOP TERA with black and ferruginous, thorax usually with central and posterior white marks, palpi ii_2. Abdomen blackish mixed with ferruginous, segmental margins white.' Legs dark fuscous ringed with white, posterior tibiae whitish above. Forewings dark purplish-slaty-fuscous, towards base and costa somewhat ferruginous-mixed ; first line sinuate or nearly straight, vertical, whitish, nearly preceded by a similar line, space between them suffused with reddish-ochreous and whitish except on costa, followed by a thick fascia of blackish suffusion, forming a triangular projection below middle ; orbicular round, blackish, upper half usually filled with reddish-ochreous ; discal spot 8-shaped, black-outlined, thickened laterally, more or less filled with reddish-ochreous ; two small indistinct reddish-ochreous costal spots above this; second line dentate! black, posteriorly partially edged with some white and reddish-ochreous scales, fine and indistinct except towards costa, middle third curved outwards, followed by an elongate reddish-ochreous costal patch including two dark fuscous costal spots, and beneath this edged by a white mark becoming reddish-ochreous posteriorly ; a terminal series of minute white dots: cilia dark fuscous, with apical series of whitish dots. Hindwings rather dark fuscous, darker terminally; two obliquely placed darker discal dots ; cilia dark fuscous, apical half spotted with whitish. 12 specimens; 9 Kona, Hawaii, from 2000 to 4000 feet; 3 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from May to September. Also recorded from Haleakala, Maui, at 4000 feet, by Mr Blackburn, from whom I received 14 specimens. (11) Phlyctaenia eucrena Meyr, Scopula eucrena Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 218. ^?. 14 — 17 mm. Head and thorax reddish-ochreous, sometimes partially or wholly suffused with black, sometimes more or less marked with white. Palpi 2^, reddish-ochreous or blackish above, broadly white beneath. Abdomen pale ochreous mixed with black, segmental margins white. Legs dark fuscous ringed with white, anterior and middle tibiae suffused with reddish-ochreous, posterior tibiae white with two black rings. Forewings brownish-ochreous, slightly reddish-tinged ; first and second lines thick, white, first sinuate or nearly straight, vertical, anteriorly partially black-edged or sometimes preceded by a black blotch, posteriorly edged on lower half with some black or grey scales, second irregular, at f abruptly broken inwards to beneath discal spot, anteriorly edged with some black scales ; included median space wholly suffused with white, except partial black outline of orbicular, sometimes a costal spot above it, and a costal blotch before second line partially or wholly suffused with black and representing discal spot ; in one specimen second line mostly suffused with black except on costa ; costa posteriorly spotted with blackish, or sometimes occupied by a blackish suffusion including two white costal dots ; a terminal series 28—2 214 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS of black dots : cilia fuscous, mixed or spotted with whitish. Hindwings grey, some- times suffused with whitish in disc ; two obliquely placed darker discal dots ; second line waved, whitish, sometimes nearly obsolete ; a terminal series of blackish spots ; cilia whitish, sometimes mixed with grey, with a darker grey basal line. (Plate V. fig. 26.) 6 specimens; 4 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; i Kona, Hawaii, at 4000 feet; I Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; in April, June, August, and November. The locality of the original specimen received from Mr Blackburn was unrecorded. Those now obtained show a considerable range of variation. (12) Phlyctaenia platyleuca, sp. nov. ^$. 22 — 25 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax brownish-ochreous irrorated with blackish, sometimes partially mixed with whitish. Abdomen ochreous-fuscous or rather dark fuscous, segmental margins in Z white. Legs dark fuscous ringed with white, posterior tibiae suffused with whitish. Forewings fuscous or dark fuscous, irrorated with light yellowish ; a dark fuscous spot near base, and usually another larger beyond it towards dorsum ; first line black, somewhat bent in middle, interrupted above middle, in one t thick, anteriorly white-edged towards dorsum, posteriorly suffused ; roundish orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot outlined with black ; in one t median band beyond middle wholly suffused with white, in two $s only a patch of white suffusion between discal spot and second line, in other (?s none ; second line blackish, posteriorly sometimes more or less whitish-edged, waved, sinuate-curved to rather near termen, at f rectangularly broken inwards to below discal spot ; a spot of dark fuscous suffusion towards costa beyond this ; posterior half of costa indistinctly dark-spotted ; a terminal series of dark fuscous spots, in one t separated by white dots : cilia dark fuscous, apical half obscurely pale-spotted. Hindwings fuscous, in % darker posteriorly ; two obliquely placed darker discal dots ; second line faintly darker ; a terminal series of dark fuscous dots ; cilia as in forewings. 6 specimens ; 5 Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet, in April and May ; i Olaa, Hawaii (without white suffusion), at 2000 feet, in November. (13) Phlyctaenia 7neiasema, sp. nov. $%, 15 — 23 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax brownish-ochreous, more or less irrorated with dark fuscous ; palpi 3, base white beneath. Abdomen whitish-ochreous, irrorated with dark fuscous, segmental margins white on middle of back. Legs dark fuscous, ringed with white, posterior tibiae whitish. Forewings light ochreous-fuscous, more ochreous in $, more or less irrorated with dark fuscous, sometimes more or less tinged with dull reddish or ferruginous suffusion ; first line waved, blackish, MA CROLEPIDOP TERA 2 1 5 angulated in middle, interrupted above middle; roundish orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot dark-outlined; second line blackish, interrupted, sometimes posteriorly whitish-edged towards extremities, sinuate-curved to rather near termen, at f abruptly broken inwards to beneath discal spot ; a roundish dark fuscous or blackish spot beyond second line beneath costa ; posterior half of costa spotted with dark fuscous ; sometimes some indistinct dark fuscous terminal spots: cilia fuscous, apical half mdistinctly spotted with whitish. Hindwings in t whitish, with dark grey terminal band, sometimes reduced to an apical blotch, in % grey, darker posteriorly; two obliquely placed dark grey discal dots; a postmedian series of dark grey dots, sometimes indistinct ; sometimes a terminal series of indistinct dark fuscous dots ; cilia whitish, with a grey line. (Plate V. fig, 27.) 17 specimens; 7 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; 6 Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet ; 4 Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet; in January, May, September, November, and December. (14) Phlydaenia ommatias, sp. nov. ^. 26 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous mixed with ferruginous, palpi 3I, base whitish-mixed beneath. Abdomen dark fuscous, segmental margins hardly whitish. Legs dark fuscous, tarsi whitish-ochreous, posterior tibiae ferruginous- mixed. Forewings deep purplish-ferruginous, irrorated with dark fuscous ; first line dark fuscous, irregular, bent in middle ; small round orbicular and crescentic discal spot outlined with dark fuscous, discal mosdy filled with white and with lower extremity forming a clear white short longitudinal dash ; second line dark fuscous, followed by some whitish scales, sinuate-indented beneath costa, at | forming a subquadrate loop inwards beneath discal spot ; posterior half of costa spotted with blackish ; a terminal series of blackish dots separated by whitish scales : cilia dark fuscous, apical half obscurely pale-mixed. Hindwings dark fuscous ; two obliquely placed darker discal dots; a faint darker postmedian line; cilia as in forewings. (Plate V. fig. 28.) I specimen, Molokai, at 3000 feet, in June. (15) Phlydaenia ca^ninopis, sp. nov. $. 30 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen dark purplish-fuscous, palpi 2^, whitish towards base beneath. Legs dark fuscous, posterior tarsi suffused with pale ochreous. Forewings dark purple-fuscous, towards termen sprinkled with whitish ; first line blackish, angulated in middle, thickened dorsally ; roundish orbicular and narrow 8-shaped discal spot outlined with ferruginous-blackish ; second line ferruginous- blackish, posteriorly indistinctly whitish-edged, sharply indented beneath costa, at I forming a subquadrate loop inwards beneath discal spot ; an indistinct terminal series 2i6 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS of dark fuscous spots : cilia dark fuscous, apical half obscurely whitish-mixed. Hind- wings dark purplish-fuscous ; cilia as in forewings. 1 specimen, Molokai, at 5000 feet, in September. It is possible that this may be the other sex of the preceding species, but 1 do not feel justified in uniting them. (16) Phlyctaenia pachygrantma, sp. nov. $. 27 — 29 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark purplish-fuscous, palpi 2. Abdomen dark fuscous, with dorsal series of white dots. Legs dark fuscous, apex of posterior tibiae whitish. Forewings rather dark purplish-fuscous, costa suffusedly darker ; first and second lines very thick, waved, blackish, first somewhat curved, second indented beneath costa, at f rather shortly broken inwards ; round orbicular touching first line and 8-shaped discal spot strongly outlined with blackish ; a terminal series of small blackish spots, separated by pale greyish-ochreous scales : cilia dark fuscous, tips whitish-mixed. Hind wings rather dark fuscous ; two obliquely placed darker discal dots ; a cloudy darker postmedian line ; a terminal series of darker spots ; cilia as in forewings. (Plate V. fig. 29.) 2 specimens ; i Olaa, Hawaii, in September ; i Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 2000 feet, in February. (17) Phlyctaenia ennychioides Butl. Mecyna ennychioides Butl. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. {5) vii. 1881, p. 328. Melanomecyna ennychioides id. Ent. Mo. Mag. xix. p. 179 ; M, stellata ib. p. 179. Scopula ennychioides Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 221 ; S. stellata ib. p. 222. ^%, 19 — 24 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous, palpi 2\ — 3. Abdomen fuscous, segmental margins whitish. Legs dark fuscous, ringed with whitish, posterior tibiae suffused with whitish. Forewings rather dark purplish-fuscous, costa and base sometimes darker-suffused ; first line dark fuscous, bent in middle, sometimes inter- rupted above middle ; roundish orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot outlined or sometimes wholly suffused with dark fuscous, sometimes obscurely pale-centred ; second line waved, dark fuscous, posteriorly partially whitish-edged, especially towards dorsum, indented near costa, at f abruptly broken inwards to beneath discal spot ; posterior half of costa often obscurely spotted with dark fuscous and pale ; a terminal series of dark fuscous spots, sometimes separated by ochreous-whitish scales : cilia dark fuscous, apical half more or less mixed with ochreous-whitish. Hindwings fuscous or rather dark fuscous ; two indistinct obliquely placed darker discal dots ; a faint darker postmedian line ; a terminal series of dark spots ; cilia as in forewings, but more whitish. MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 2 1 7 22 specimens; 5 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; i Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; 1 Kilauea, Hawaii; i Kona, Hawaii, at 1500 feet; 3 Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet ; 2 Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 3000 feet ; 4 Molokai, at 4000 feet ; 1 Lanai, at 2000 feet ; 4 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4O00 feet ; in January, and from April to December. Also seven specimens received from Mr Blackburn ; the additional material now obtained shows that only one species is indicated under the names quoted. My reference to Scotomera tristis (1. c. p. 222) must have been made under some misapprehension, as it is an Indian species. (18) Pklyc taenia argoscelis Meyr. Scopula argoscelis Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 222. ^ $. 20 — 25 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax rather dark purplish-fuscous, some- times partly ferruginous-tinged, palpi 3^ — -4, whitish towards base beneath. Abdomen rather dark fuscous, segmental margins white on back. Legs dark fuscous, ringed with whitish, anterior and middle tibiae and tarsi wholly suffused with white. Fore- wings rather dark purple-fuscous, sometimes partially tinged with ferruginous suffusion ; first line dark fuscous, bent in middle, interrupted above middle ; small roundish orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot suffused with dark fuscous ; second line waved, dark fuscous, sinuate-curved, at | abruptly broken inwards to below discal spot ; posterior half of costa sometimes pale, more or less distinctly spotted with dark fuscous ; a terminal series of dark fuscous spots: cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings rather dark fuscous, slightly coppery-tinged ; sometimes two obliquely placed discal dots and postmedian line darker ; a terminal series of darker spots ; cilia whitish-fuscous, with two cloudy darker lines. 24 specimens; 3 Kona, Hawaii, at 4000 feet; i Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; 4 Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 3000 feet; i Molokai, at 4000 feet; 9 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; 6 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to November. Also three specimens received from Mr Blackburn. (19) Phlyctae7iia despecta Butl Rhodaria despecta Butl Ent. Mo. Mag. xiv. p. 49. Scopula exigua ib. xvn. p. 9. Scopula despecta Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 223. J¥. 15—27 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax ferruginous, sometimes infuscated, palpi 3— 3i white towards base beneath, thorax sometimes suffused with ochreous- yellowish posteriorly. Abdomen grey, sometimes suffused with ochreous-yellowish or ferruginous. Legs whitish, sometimes more or less variably suffused with ferrugmous. Forewings reddish-ochreous or fuscous-ochreous or ferruginous, sometimes much mixed with dark fuscous, especially towards costa on anterior half, sometimes much tmged 2i8 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS with coppery-purplish ; first Hne dark fuscous, bent in middle but usually obsolete on costal half; roundish orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot outlined with dark fuscous; second line waved or denticulate, dark fuscous, more or less curved on upper portion, sometimes sinuate near costa, below middle with an abrupt semicircular excavation inwards beneath discal spot ; posterior half of costa sometimes spotted with dark fuscous ; a terminal series of dark fuscous or blackish dots : cilia rather dark fuscous, tips obscurely whitish. Hindwings fuscous, darker posteriorly, sometimes mixed with lighter ochreous suffusion ; two obliquely placed dark fuscous discal dots ; usually an indistinct darker postmedian line as in forewings ; a terminal series of blackish dots ; cilia grey or grey-whitish, with dark grey subbasal line. 55 specimens; i8 Kona, Hawaii, at 3500 — 4000 feet; 3 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; i Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; 7 Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 2000 — 3000 feet; I Lanai, at 2000 feet ; 2 Molokai, at 3000 feet ; 9 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; 14 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet; occurs all the year round. Also recorded from Maui by Mr Blackburn, from whom I received 24 specimens ; he has described the larva, Ent. Mo. Mag. xix. 56. This species varies locally, especially in size, and I found it hard to believe that the extreme forms could be identical, but after prolonged examination I can find no reliable distinctions. The small rather dull form originally described is the Oahu form ; the Kona specimens are all medium-sized, lighter-coloured ; the largest and darkest specimens (mostly purple-tinged) are from Kauai (especially Mts. Waimea), but transitional specimens from the same localities also occur. The single Hilo specimen is very purple-tinged, indistinctly marked. Probably these differences are directly attributable to climatic influences. (20) Phlyctaenia liopis, sp. no v. ^%, 20 — 22 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax light fuscous-reddish, palpi 2\ — 3. Abdomen pale whitish-ochreous. Legs whitish, more or less suffused with dull ochreous-reddish. Forewings elongate, pale ochreous, suffusedly irrorated with light fuscous and reddish ; first line dark fuscous, irregular, sometimes obsolete on costal half or wholly ; roundish orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot fuscous, in % ill-defined ; second line dark fuscous, waved, sometimes indistinct, upper portion unevenly curved, below middle with an abrupt semicircular excavation inwards beneath discal spot ; a series of dark fuscous dots along termen and apical third of costa : cilia fuscous-whitish with obscure reddish-fuscous line. Hindwings whitish, faintly ochreous-tinged, in ^ suffused with light reddish and fuscous towards apex ; two obliquely placed dark fuscous discal dots ; in ^ a dark fuscous postmedian line ; a terminal series of dark fuscous dots, sometimes indistinct; cilia whitish, faintly reddish-tinged, (Plate V. fig. 30.) 3 specimens, Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 — 6000 feet, in April and May. MACROLEPIDOPTERA 2 1 9 (21) Phlyctaenia endopyra, sp. nov. ^?. 15—21 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax ferruginous-orange, more or less mixed with dark fuscous, palpi 21—3, whitish towards base beneath. Abdomen greyish-ochreous mixed with dark fuscous, segmental margins whitish. Legs ochreous- whitish or brownish-ochreous, more or less suffused with dark fuscous, posterior tibiae more whitish. Forewings elongate, ferruginous-orange or deep ferruginous, sometimes suffusedly irrorated with dark fuscous except towards costa, where it is sometimes brighter orange; first line dark fuscous, rectangularly bent in middle, sometimes obsolete on upper half; roundish orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot more or less suffused with dark fuscous, in t closely approximated and separated only by a vertical yellow linear mark (seldom obsolete), in % separated by a clear orange quadrate spot, orbicular preceded by a smaller similar spot ; posterior half of costa sometimes spotted with dark fuscous ; second line dark fuscous, upper portion parallel to termen, slightly sinuate near costa, below middle abruptly broken inwards to beneath discal spot; a terminal series of dark fuscous dots : cilia fuscous, tips obscurely whitish. Hindwings in t whitish-ochreous, grey-sprinkled, in ? light fuscous, slightly yellowish-tinged; two obliquely placed darker discal dots ; a curved darker grey postmedian line ; in t sometimes a terminal fascia of grey suffusion ; a terminal series of dark fuscous dots ; cilia fuscous-whitish, with fuscous subbasal line. 6 specimens; 4 Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet, from March to May; 2 Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet, in January. Distinguished from its allies by form of second line. (22) Phlyctaenia rhodias, sp. nov. ^ ?• 19 — 24 i^"^- Head, palpi, and thorax ferruginous or dark reddish, partially sprinkled with dark grey, palpi 2^ — 3, white towards base beneath. Abdomen whitish- ochreous. Legs light yellow-ochreous, more or less suffused with reddish. Forewings elongate, rosy-ochreous, irrorated with dull crimson ; lines dark grey, ill-defined, first obtusely angulated in middle, second waved, unevenly curved on upper portion, below middle abruptly broken inwards beneath discal spot ; roundish orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot indistinctly outlined or suffused with dark grey ; a terminal series of blackish dots: cilia dull purplish, mixed with dark grey. Hindwings dull ochreous- whitish, sometimes posteriorly rosy-tinged ; two obliquely placed grey discal dots ; an indistinct curved grey postmedian line ; a terminal series of blackish dots ; cilia whitish or rosy-whitish. 3 specimens ; 2 Molokai, at 4500 feet, in September ; i Lanai, at 3000 feet, in July. M. F. H. 29 2 20 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (23) Phlyctaenia pyranthes, sp. nov. ^^. 19 — 23 mm. Head and thorax ferruginous-orange, patagia reddish. Palpi ^1 — ^^ ochreous-reddish, base white beneath. Abdomen whitish-ochreous, reddish- tinged. Legs dark reddish, banded with white, middle pair almost wholly white. Forewings yellow-ochreous, almost wholly suffused with purple-reddish ; lines obscurely darker or almost obsolete, sometimes mixed or partly dotted with dark fuscous, first bent in middle, second sometimes posteriorly pale-edged, curved on upper portion, sinuate-indented near costa, below middle abruptly broken inwards to beneath discal spot ; roundish orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot darker purple-reddish, sometimes fuscous-tinged ; sometimes a terminal series of blackish dots : cilia dull purple or purplish-grey, tips whitish. Hindwings pale whitish-ochreous, more or less rosy- tinged, especially posteriorly ; two obliquely placed sometimes indistinct dark grey discal dots ; sometimes an obscure grey postmedian line ; sometimes a terminal series of dark fuscous dots; cilia rosy-whitish. (Plate V. fig. 31.) 6 specimens ; 2 Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet, in January ; 3 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in May and June ; i Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in April. (24) Phlyctaenia heterodoxa, sp. nov. t%. 17 — 21 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax brownish-ochreous, palpi 2^, white towards base beneath. Abdomen greyish-ochreous. Legs fuscous, posterior pair whitish-fuscous. Forewings pale ochreous irrorated with fuscous, sometimes ferru- ginous-tinged, especially towards base of costa and on terminal area, sometimes whitish- suffused in disc ; orbicular and discal spots dot-like, rather dark fuscous, sometimes obsolete ; second line straight or faintly sinuate, parallel to termen, in ^ whitish, edged posteriorly with fuscous or dark fuscous suffusion, in $ obscurely paler, edged posteriorly by ferruginous terminal area : cilia pale ochreous or ochreous- whitish. Hindwings in $ whitish, in $ grey ; two indistinct grey obliquely placed discal dots ; an apical patch of rather dark grey suffusion, margined anteriorly by traces of a postmedian line ; cilia in $ whitish, in % grcy, ferruginous-tinged. (Plate V. fig. 32.) 4 specimens, Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet, from March to May. Pyrausta Sckranck, I have suppressed the genus Protocolletis Meyr., having shown elsewhere that the character on which it was founded, the anastomosing of vein 10 of the forewings with 9 towards base, occurs occasionally as an exceptional structure in several species of this MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 221 and allied genera ; yet as it appears to be constant in Hawaiian forms, I have here ranked the two species which exhibit the structure as a separate section. 1. Forewings mixed with green {i) bryochloris. „ not green 2. 2. Forewings with dorsal edge black on median area ,.\8) psychropa. „ ,, not black ^. 3. Orbicular confluent beneath with dark blotch reaching dorsum {2) dracontias. „ not confluent with dark blotch beneath 4. 4. Forewings dark purplish-fuscous (^\ brontias. „ not dark fuscous ^ c 5. Forewings more or less ferruginous ,,5. ,, whitish-ochreous g^ 6. Hindwings yellowish {10) phaefhontia. ,, light fuscous y. 7. Palpi 2 J— 3 (j-) thermatitis. yy 5 ' (p) constricta. 8. Orbicular and discal spots obsolete (7) Htorea. „ ,, distinct 9. 9. Head and thorax hardly dark-sprinkled {j) dryadopa, „ „ densely irrorated with dark fuscous {4) chloropis. (i) Pyrausta bryochloris, sp. nov. t %, 28 — 32 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax black mixed with green, palpi 2. Abdomen rather dark fuscous. Legs dark fuscous, ringed with whitish. Forewings blackish, densely irregularly irrorated with light green ; two white basal dots ; a well- marked black subbasal line, followed by whitish-green suffusion ; first and second lines slender, white, waved, internally black-edged, first irregular, second moderately curved outwards between \ and f ; dorsal scale-tuft white mixed with fuscous ; roundish orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot outlined with ferruginous, discal marked with two white dots ; some light purplish suffusion in disc below these ; blotches of dark ground- colour at apex and tornus ; a terminal series of white dots : cilia fuscous, mixed with darker and pale. Hindwings dark fuscous, rather lighter anteriorly ; cilia as in fore- wings. (Plate VI. fig. I.) 2 specimens, Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet, in March. (2) Pyrausta di^acontias, sp. nov. ^. 26 27 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous mixed with whitish, palpi 3^. Abdomen fuscous, sprinkled with darker and whitish. Legs dark fuscous, sprinkled with whitish. Forewings rather dark fuscous ; first line double, purple-whitish, nearly straight ; orbicular trapezoidal, dark fuscous, indistinctly whitish-edged except on 29 — 2 222 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS lower margin, where it is confluent with a dark fuscous blotch occupying anterior half of median band and extending to dorsum ; discal spot irregularly pentagonal, blackish- fuscous, white-edged ; second line slender, white, anteriorly dark-edged, preceded by a broad band of whitish suffusion, middle third strongly curved outwards : cilia fuscous, mixed with dark fuscous and whitish. Hindwings fuscous ; a darker discal dot ; an indistinct darker postmedian line ; cilia whitish, spotted with fuscous, with a dark fuscous subbasal line. (Plate VI. fig. 2.) 2 specimens ; i Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; i Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; in April and May. (3) Pyrausta dryadopa^ sp. nov, ^?. 21 — 22 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax pale whitish-ochreous, shoulders with a few dark fuscous specks, palpi 3^, thinly sprinkled with dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous, sprinkled with fuscous and dark fuscous, segmental margins whitish. Legs whitish, banded with dark fuscous irroration, posterior tibiae wholly whitish. Forewings in ^ with termen strongly sinuate below apex ; pale whitish-ochreous, sprinkled with brownish or dark fuscous ; first line pale, edged posteriorly with dark fuscous on lower half, obtusely angulated outwards in middle, and more sharply inwards near dorsum ; roundish orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot outlined with brownish or dark fuscous, space between them pale^ discal dark-centred ; a dark fuscous costal dot above discal spot ; second line pale, waved, edged anteriorly with dark fuscous, upper f moderately curved outwards, thence rectangularly broken inwards to beneath discal spot ; costal area beyond this wholly pale except two dark fuscous dots ; terminal area in $ suffused with dark fuscous from beneath apex to below middle ; a terminal series of dark fuscous dots : cilia whitish-ochreous with two dark fuscous lines, and barred with dark fuscous. Hindwings fuscous-whitish, in % irrorated with fuscous ; two obliquely placed dark fuscous discal dots ; a waved, darker fuscous postmedian line ; a darker subterminal shade, leaving a whitish terminal line, marked with a series of black dots ; cilia whitish, with two indistinct interrupted fuscous lines. 3 specimens ; i Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; i Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; i Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet ; in April and May. (4) Pyrausta chloropis^ sp. nov. ^$. 20 — 25 mm, Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen whitish-ochreous, more or less brownish-tinged and irrorated with dark fuscous, palpi 3^^ — 4, whitish beneath. Legs ochreous-whitish, indistinctly banded with dark fuscous. Forewings whitish- ochreous, irrorated with dark brown ; a dark fuscous suffusion on base of costa ; first and second lines dark fuscous, waved, first bent in middle, posteriorly pale-edged, MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 223 second curved, indented below costa, below middle rectangularly broken inwards to beneath discal spot ; included median band rather darker-suffused except on costa ; roundish orbicular and reniform discal spot darker, separated by a pale or ochreous- white spot ; posterior half of costa dotted with dark fuscous ; a terminal series of dark fuscous marks : cilia ochreous-whitish, barred with fuscous, with two dark fuscous lines. Hindwings rather light fuscous ; two obliquely placed dark fuscous discal dots ; a waved dark fuscous postmedian line, with middle third curved outwards ; terminal marks and cilia as in forewings. 16 specimens; 3 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet, in November; i Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet, in January ; 9 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in April ; 3 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in May and June. (5) Pyrausta thermantis, sp. nov. ^%, 19 — 21 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax ferruginous, mixed with black and pale ochreous, palpi 2^—3. Abdomen fuscous, irrorated with whitish-ochreous. Legs ferruginous, partly suffused with black. Forewings ferruginous, irrorated with dark fuscous ; first and second lines obscurely ochreous-whitish, edged internally with dark fuscous, first somewhat angulated above middle, obsolete towards costa, second curved, slightly waved, indented beneath costa, below middle sending an abrupt narrow loop inwards to beneath discal spot ; roundish orbicular and reniform discal spot ouriined with dark fuscous, separated by a quadrate spot of whitish suffusion, discal spot followed by some whitish suffusion ; costa posteriorly spotted with dark and pale ; a spot of dark fuscous suffusion beyond second line beneath costa ; a terminal series of obscure dark fuscous dots: cilia grey, paler-mixed, with darker subbasal line. Hindwings light fuscous ; two obliquely placed dark grey discal dots ; a curved dark grey postmedian line, obscurely pale-edged posteriorly ; a terminal series of dark fuscous dots ; ciHa grey- whitish, with two grey lines. (Plate VI. fig. 3.) 3 specimens, Olaa, Hawaii, in June. (6) Pyrausta brontiaSy sp. nov. ^^. 21 25 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous, crown often mixed with ferruginous-ochreous, palpi 3— 3^. Abdomen rather dark fuscous, segmental margins whitish, anal tuft pale ochreous. Legs dark fuscous, ringed with ochreous-whitish. Forewings glossy dark purplish-fuscous ; often a ferruginous-ochreous dorsal suffusion before first line ; first and second lines blackish-fuscous, first hardly traceable, second often more or less edged posteriorly with ochreous-whitish, curved, indented beneath costa, below middle forming an abrupt loop inwards beneath discal spot; roundish orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot darker, sometimes very indistinct ; a terminal series 2 24 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS of ochreous-whitish marks: cilia dark fuscous. Hindwings fuscous, becoming darker posteriorly ; two indistinct darker obliquely placed discal dots ; a terminal series of whitish dots ; cilia fuscous, tips whitish. ID specimens ; 8 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; 2 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet; from April to June. (7) Pyrausta litorea Butl Scopula litorea Bud. Ent. Mo. Mag. xix. p. 178. Eurycreon litorea Meyr. Trans. Ent Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 230. No additional specimens obtained. Recorded by Mr Blackburn from Mauna Lea, Lanai, in September. After careful comparison with allied forms, I consider that the face is only somewhat prominendy rounded and has no true frontal projec- tion. The first and second lines of forewings are sometimes more distinctly indicated by dots of blackish scales than is implied in my description, but none of the specimens are good. (8) Pyrausta psychropa, sp. nov. ^, 23 — 28 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax whitish mixed with fuscous or whitish- fuscous, palpi 3, with broad lateral blackish-fuscous stripe, base white beneath, edge of shoulder black. Abdomen rather elongate, fuscous, whitish-mixed, anal tuft whitish. Legs fuscous mixed with whitish, Forewings fuscous, thickly suffusedly strewn with white scales, and more or less irrorated with dark fuscous ; a short black longitudinal streak from base of costa ; first line darker, only distinct near costa, where it is very oblique and somewhat marked with black ; dorsal edge sharply black between first and second lines ; oval orbicular and narrow-reniform discal spot oudined with dark fuscous or blackish, oblique ; second line hardly perceptible except towards costa, where it forms a very oblique blackish streak, followed by a small white costal spot, elsewhere some- times partially indicated by dark fuscous dots, apparently sending an abrupt loop inwards beneath discal spot ; a terminal series of black dots : cilia whitish, with a fuscous subbasal line. Hindwings fuscous, lighter anteriorly ; two obliquely placed darker discal dots ; sometimes obscure indications of a postmedian line. (Plate VL fig. 4.) 3 specimens ; 2 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; i Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; in April and May. Section Protocolletis Meyr. (9) Pyrausta constricta Butl. Scoptda constfHcta Bud. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1882, p. 40. MACROLEPIDOPTERA 225 Protocolletis constricta Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 224. No examples of this species were included in the collection. The original specimens were bred from larvae feeding between spun leaves of an unidentified plant on the mountains near Honolulu, Oahu. (10) Pyi^austa phaethontia, sp. nov. ^- 33~37 nim- Head, palpi, and thorax ochreous-ferruginous, palpi 4, crimson- tinged, sprinkled with dark fuscous. Abdomen ochreous-yellowish, sprinkled with crimson-ferruginous. Legs ochreous-yellowish, more or less suffused with crimson- ferruginous. Forewings ochreous-yellowish, densely irrorated or wholly suffused with crimson-ferruginous; small orbicular and transverse discal spot infuscated but very obscure and undefined ; second line darker, hardly traceable, rather curved on upper portion, sinuate beneath costa, apparendy forming a loop inwards beneath discal spot : cilia ferruginous-purplish, somewhat whitish-mixed. Hindwings light ochreous- yellowish ; two obliquely placed rosy-grey discal dots ; a faint rosy-grey waved line beyond | ; apex more or less rosy-suffused ; cilia purple, tips paler. (Plate VI. fig. 5.) 5 specimens ; 4 Olaa, Hawaii ; i Kona, Hawaii, at 4000 feet ; in June, Sep- tember, and December. Mecyna Steph. (i) Mecyna atirora Butl. Anemosa aurora Butl. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vii. 1881, p. 327. Mecyna aurora Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 225. (Plate VL fig. 6.) A single specimen, without locality ; it is a female (this sex being previously unknown), expanding 18 mm., but not differing in any way from the male. By an unfortunate perversity the locality of Mr Blackburn's specimens has also escaped record. (2) Mecyna viresceiis Butl. Mecyna virescens Bud. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vii. 1881, p. 329; Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 225. 41 specimens; 28 Kona, Hawaii, at 4000 feet; 2 Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet; 7 Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 2000 feet ; 2 Halemanu, Kauai ; 2 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from March to September. Bred by Mr Blackburn from larvae feeding on an Acacia (?), on Haleakala ; 14 specimens sent by him. 2 26 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS LOXOSTEGE Hub, 1. Forewings reddish-brown {i) conisalias, „ orange or ochreous 2. 2. First and second lines well-marked {j) helioxantha. „ „ absent {2) melanosis. (i) Loxostege contsaliaSy sp. nov. $, 19 — 23 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish-ochreous, more or less ferruginous-tinged. Antennal ciliations ^ (longer at base). Palpi 4^^, ferruginous, sprinkled with dark fuscous. Forewings with termen rather sinuate beneath apex ; reddish-brown, sprinkled with dark fuscous ; median band more or less suffused with dark fuscous, anterior edge very ill-defined, posterior moderately curved to below middle, thence rectangularly broken inwards to below discal spot ; discal spot small, white, surrounded by darker suffusion : cilia pale fuscous, with two dark fuscous lines. Hindwings light fuscous ; cilia whitish-fuscous, with fuscous subbasal line. 3 specimens, Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet, in December and January. (2) Loxostege melanopis, sp. nov. ^. 21 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen reddish-ochreous, palpi \\y sprinkled with black, abdomen ferruginous-suffused. Antennal ciliations i. Forewings with termen faintly sinuate beneath apex ; orange-ochreous, sufifusedly sprinkled with ferruginous ; costal edge blackish except towards apex ; round orbicular and 8-shaped discal spot blackish : cilia apparently ochreous with blackish lines (imperfect). Hind- wings pale yellowish-ochreous, suffusedly irrorated with grey except on a terminal band ; two indistinct obliquely placed darker discal dots; cilia ochreous-whitish. (Plate VI. fig- 7.) I specimen, Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet, in November. (3) Loxostege helioxantha, sp. nov. ?• 32 — 34 mm. Head and thorax light orange, shoulders reddish-brown. Palpi 6, ochreous, more or less suffusedly irrorated with reddish and sprinkled with dark fuscous. Abdomen light yellow-ochreous. Forewings with termen not sinuate ; vein 10 sometimes stalked with 9 ; light orange, veins more or less marked with grey-reddish suffusion ; costal edge dark fuscous on anterior half ; first and second lines grey-reddish, first angulated in middle, second slightly waved, curved, indented beneath costa, below^ MACROLEPIDOPTERA 227 middle forming a deep abrupt loop inwards beneath discal spot ; round orbicular and reniform discal spot reddish-brown: cilia grey-reddish. Hindwings light yellowish; two obliquely placed rosy-grey discal spots ; a faint rosy-grey postmedian line ; cilia whitish-rosy. (Plate VI. fig. 8.) 4 specimens, Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in April. The variation in the structure of vein 10 of forewings is curious but does not impair the generic definition, though enlarging it ; it appears to be normal in this species, for the four individuals all differ in this respect, varying from complete separation through partial fusion to stalking for fully half their length. NoMOPHiLA Hub, (i) Nomophila noctuella Schiff. 10 specimens ; i Olaa, Hawaii ; i Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet ; 6 Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 1300 feet; 2 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet; from April to June, and in September. Almost a cosmopolitan species. Hellula Guen. (i) Hellula undalis Fab. 2 specimens ; i Honolulu Mts., Oahu ; i Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; in June. Promylaea, gen. nov. Face rounded, vertical ; ocelli present ; tongue developed. Antennae |, in $ — ? Labial palpi rather short, porrected, with appressed scales, terminal joint short, pointed. Maxillary palpi extremely short, resting on base of labial. Posterior tibiae with outer spurs |. Forewings normal. Hindwings with vein 3 absent, 4 and 5 closely approxi- mated at base, 7 remote from 6 at origin, anastomosing with 8 to near middle, lower median without pecten. This genus is closely allied to MestolobeSy but differs in the extremely small (hardly visible) maxillary palpi, and the separation of veins 4 and 5 of hindwings ; the ^ may probably show differences in respect of the secondary sexual characters of hindwings. ( I ) Promylaea pyropa, sp. nov. %, 18 mm. Head and thorax deep shining bluish-leaden, back of crown orange. Palpi orange. Abdomen dark fuscous. Legs prismatic-fuscous, middle and posterior M. F. H. 30 228 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS femora pale coppery-golden. Forewings fuscous-blackish ; a patch occupying basal fourth, produced on costa, a very broad fascia of irroration beyond middle, becoming uniform on costal half anteriorly, and a rather narrow terminal fascia shining bluish- leaden : cilia fuscous, basal f blackish-fuscous. Hindwings dark fuscous, with coppery reflections, somewhat lighter towards base; cilia as in forewings. (Plate VI. fig. 9.) I specimen, Molokai, at 4000 feet. Mestolobes ButL The characters given may be augmented as follows : hindwings with veins 3 and 4 connate or stalked, 7 frequently separate from 6, anastomosing more or less with 8 ; in ^ sometimes with subdorsal groove as in Orthomecyna, dorsal lobe sometimes modified into a pocket beneath, with or without costal hair-pencil or ridge of curled hairs. 1. Forewings with groundcolour uniform blackish or dark fuscous 2. „ „ not uniform dark fuscous 10. 2. Forewings with several violet-blue-metaliic spots in disc {i) amefkystias. „ without such spots 3. 3. Forewings wholly without markings (7) sirina. ,, with more or less marking 4. 4. Forewings with white antemedian dorsal spot (8) epidelta, ,, without such spot 5. 5. Forewings with four shining leaden fasciae {2) chrysomolybda, „ without such fasciae 6. 6. Palpi wholly whitish {4) crypsichrysa. „ not whitish 7. 7 . Forewings with termen concave beneath apex (5) erinnys, „ „ not concave 8. 8. Forewings with lines orange or ferruginous-mixed 9. „ „ not orange or ferruginous (6) ardura. 9. Forewings with discal spot indicated {11) ombrias. ,, „ obsolete (j) xanthoscia. 10. Hindwings whitish or yellowish, at least in disc 11. „ not whitish or yellowish in disc 21. 11. Forewings with basal third almost wholly whitish 12. „ ,, not wholly whitish 13. 1 2 . Hindwings with terminal dark fascia entire {22) chlorolychna. „ „ not reaching below middle {24) semiochrea, 13. Hindwings with entire dark terminal band with median projection inwards 14. „ without band so formed 15. 14. Hindwings with costal hair-pencil , {18) pessias $ , „ without costal hair-pencil {21) mesacma S . 15. Palpi fuscous 16, „ mostly ochreous-whitish or yellowish 18, 1 6. Posterior tibiae with black projecting scales (zj) sderopis $ . „ without black scales 17. MACROLEPIDOPTERA 229 17. Tuft of dorsal lobe blackish- tipped {20) aphrias $ . „ „ not blackish-tipped (27) autodoxa. 18. First line with wedge-shaped projection inwards in middle {2j) pragmatica. „ without such projection ...19, 19. Forewings ochreous-orange {2j) perixantha. „ not orange 20. 20 . First line slender, not suffused {26) abnormis. ,, broad, suffused on one side {ij) orihrias, 21. Head and thorax yellow-ochreous {14) ochrias. „ „ not yellow-ochreous 22. 22. Forewings with basal area ferruginous-ochreous except on costa ,..{g) iochrysa, „ with basal area not ferruginous-ochreous 23. 23. First line forming a broad whitish fascia {16) eurylyca. „ not broadly whitish 24. 24. Expanse 13 mm. or less {13) minuscula. „ 14 mm. or more 25. 25. Expanse 16 mm. or more 26. „ 15 mm. or less {12) banausa. 26. Forewings without definite markings {28) homaiopa. „ with distinct lines 27. 27. First line straight {10) droseropa, „ curved or angulated 28. 28. Hindwings fuscous-grey {ig) chimonias. ,, dark fuscous 29. 29. Forewings with first line distinctly angulated 3^. „ „ rather curved (Molokai species) {15) sderopis $ . 30. First line angulated in middle (Kauai species) {20) aphrias 9 . „ above middle (Maui species) {18) pessias^ , In the preceding tabulation characters are selected which are independent of sex, so far as possible, since in some species only one sex is known ; but the males of allied species are sometimes most easily separated by the very well-marked differences in the secondary sexual characters, viz. the tufts of hair on the hindwings and legs. (i) Mestolobes amethystias, sp. nov. ?. 13 mm. Head and thorax dark fuscous, face with lateral whitish line. (Palpi broken.) Abdomen dark fuscous, segmental margins white. Legs dark fuscous, ringed with whitish. Forewings blackish ; subbasal, first, second, and subterminal lines fulvous-orange, subbasal and first forming sinuate fasciae, separated by a violet- silvery-metallic line, second and subterminal thick, strongly curved, also separated by a violet-silvery-metallic line; several small scattered pale violet-blue-metallic spots in disc ; a whitish wedge-shaped mark on costa before apex : cilia fuscous, with two dark fuscous lines. Hindwings dark fuscous, lighter anteriorly; cilia whitish, with dark fuscous basal line. (Plate VI. fig. 10.) I specimen, Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in April. 30—2 230 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (2) Mestolobes chrysomolybda, sp. nov. t%. 14 — 15 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark leaden-fuscous. Palpi blackish, beneath pale yellowish. Legs dark grey, ringed with whitish. Forewings blackish-fuscous ; subbasal, first, second, and subterminal lines thick, fulvous-orange, each preceded by a shining deep leaden fascia ; subbasal and first angulate-sinuate, sometimes almost obsolete, preceding fasciae broad; second sinuate-angulated in middle, preceding fascia broad ; subterminal close to termen, curved, preceding fascia narrow, remote from second : cilia dark fuscous, with blackish subbasal line. Hind- wings dark grey, with broad blackish-grey terminal band ; a more or less marked longitudinal streak of whitish suffusion in disc ; in t with short dorsal lobe ending in tuft of white hairs, and whitish costal hair-pencil ; cilia white, with dark grey basal line. (Plate VI. fig. II.) 3 specimens, Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in April. (3) Mestolobes xanthoscia, sp. nov. %, 12 — 15 mm. Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs dark fuscous. Palpi fuscous, sometimes yellowish except towards apex, Forewings dark fuscous, slightly purple- tinged ; first and second lines fulvous-orange, usually darker-edged, first about middle, curved or somewhat bent, sometimes nearly obsolete except towards costa, second rather near termen, curved : cilia rather dark fuscous, with darker subbasal line. Hind- wings rather dark fuscous, darker posteriorly ; cilia as in forewings. 5 specimens ; 3 Kilauea, Hawaii, in August ; i Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet, in November; i Waianae Mts., Oahu, in April. (4) Mestolobes crypsichrysa, sp. nov. i%, 14 — 15 mm. Head, thorax, abdomen, and legs dark fuscous. Palpi whitish. Forewings blackish-fuscous ; subbasal, first, and second lines more or less indicated by fulvous-orange irroration, very undefined, first and second sometimes forming distinct spots on costa, first about middle, angulated above middle, second at f, angu- lated in middle : cilia whitish-fuscous, with dark fuscous line. Hindwings blackish- fuscous, somewhat lighter in disc ; in ^ with long and rather broad whitish dorsal lobe, ending in tuft of white hairs, and with an ochreous-yellowish costal hair-pencil ; cilia whitish, basal third blackish. 6 specimens ; 4 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; 2 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to June. MACROLEPIDOPTERA 231 (5) Mestolobes erinnys, sp. nov. ^. 20 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, abdomen, and legs rather dark fuscous. Forewings with termen concave beneath obtusely prominent apex, then prominently rounded ; dark purplish-fuscous ; first and second lines darker, suffusedly mixed with light ochreous-yellowish, first at f, sharply angulated above middle, second at f , nearly straight : cilia fuscous, with darker subbasal line (imperfect). Hindwings dark fuscous ; a moderate fuscous dorsal lobe, ending in tuft of fuscous hairs, but no costal hair-pencil; cilia fuscous-whitish, basal third dark fuscous. (Plate VI. fig. 12.) 1 specimen, Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 2200 feet, in April. Differs from all the rest by the peculiar form of forewings. (6) Mestolobes arctura^ sp. nov. $. 13 — 14 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish-fuscous, coppery-tinged, abdomen with genital tuft of densely packed black hair-scales. Palpi blackish mixed with fuscous-whitish. Legs fuscous. Forewings rather narrow, blackish-fuscous, coppery-tinged ; first, median, and second lines obscure, grey-purplish, ill-defined, first at f , slender, angulated above middle, median broad on costal half, hardly marked beneath, second at f , slender, curved, almost angulated in middle ; some light purplish scales on termen : cilia purplish-fuscous, with dark fuscous subbasal line. Hindwings dark fuscous ; cilia as in forewings. 2 specimens, Molokai, at 4500 feet, in July and September. The female is distinguished from all others by the singular genital tuft ; but if this is connected with oviposition, there may be nothing analogous in the male. (7) Mestolobes sirina, sp. nov. $, 12 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, abdomen, and legs dark fuscous. Forewings rather narrow, dark fuscous, slightly coppery-tinged : cilia fuscous, with dark fuscous subbasal line. Hindwings blackish-fuscous ; a moderate whitish dorsal lobe, ending in a tuft of whitish hairs, and a whitish costal hair-pencil ; cilia as in forewings. I specimen, Lanai, at 2t^oo feet, in July. (8) Mestolobes epidelta, sp. nov. ?. 14 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, abdomen, and legs dark purplish-fuscous; base of palpi whitish ; apex of patagia white ; segmental margins white ; legs ringed with 232 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS whitish. Forewings dark fuscous, purplish-tinged ; a small triangular white spot on dorsum before middle ; a smaller ochreous-whitish spot on costa at f : cilia whitish, barred with dark fuscous, and with a dark fuscous subbasal line. Hindwings dark fuscous, slightly purplish-tinged ; cilia whitish, basal third dark fuscous. (Plate VI. %• 13.) I specimen, Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in May. (9) Mestolobes iochysa, sp. nov. ?. 12^ — 14 mm. Head dark fuscous, sides of face and edges of collar whitish. Palpi black, obliquely barred with white. Antennae whitish, ringed with dark fuscous. Thorax black, somewhat mixed with whitish. Abdomen blackish, segmental margins whitish. Legs dark fuscous, ringed with whitish. Forewings blackish ; an almost basal undefined ochreous-whitish line, space between this and first line wholly fer- ruginous-ochreous except on costa; first line at \, whitish, angulated above middle, followed by a similar ferruginous line ; median area more or less mixed and on dorsal half mostly suffused with whitish ; an undefined 8-shaped discal spot filled with fer- ruginous ; second line at |-, ferruginous, curved, followed by a similar whitish line ; an undefined ferruginous subterminal line ; a short white costal mark before apex : cilia dark grey, on upper half of termen more or less distinctly barred with white, with a blackish subbasal line. Hindwings blackish ; cilia dark grey, with blackish subbasal line. (Plate VI. fig. 14.) 2 specimens, Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in May. (10) Mestolobes droseropa, sp. nov. %, 17 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous, thorax with a few fuscous- whitish scales. (Abdomen broken.) Legs dark fuscous, ringed with whitish. Fore- wings dark fuscous, with a few irregularly scattered whitish scales; subbasal line blackish, followed by some whitish scales, interrupted below middle ; first and second lines blackish, somewhat mixed with light ochreous-yellowish, first before middle, straight, oblique, second at f, angulated above middle, edged posteriorly on costa by a whitish mark ; an undefined 8-shaped discal spot outlined with blackish, partially filled with light ochreous-yellowish ; terminal area beyond this strewn with light ochreous-yellowish scales ; a small whitish mark on costa before apex : cilia dark fuscous, basal third blackish-fuscous. Hindwings dark fuscous, somewhat lighter anteriorly; cilia as in forewings. I specimen, probably from Kilauea, Hawaii, in August. MACROLEPIDOPTERA 233 (11) Mestolobes ombrias, sp. nov. ^$, 14 — 15 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, abdomen, and legs rather dark fuscous. Forewings rather dark fuscous, faintly purplish-tinged ; first and second lines thick, dark fuscous, slightly ferruginous-tinged or obscurely mixed with ferruginous centrally, first at f , slightly curved, second at f , obtusely angulated about middle, sometimes followed on costa by a small whitish spot ; an undefined 8-shaped discal spot similarly coloured ; sometimes an undefined darker subterminal shade : cilia fuscous, with dark fuscous subbasal line. Hindwings blackish-fuscous ; in t with very small dorsal lobe ending in tuft of fuscous or whitish-fuscous hairs, but without costal hair-pencil ; cilia fuscous, basal third dark fuscous. (Plate VI. fig. 15.) 5 specimens; 3 Lanai, at 3000 feet, in July; 2 Molokai, at 3000 feet, in August and September. (12) Mestolobes banatcsa, sp, nov. ^. 14 — 15 mm. Head and thorax ochreous or fuscous, more or less mixed with dark fuscous. Palpi rather dark fuscous. Abdomen rather dark fuscous, some- what ochreous-sprinkled. Legs dark fuscous ringed with whitish, posterior tibiae suffused with whitish. Forewings fuscous, mixed with dark fuscous ; an irregular blackish subbasal line on costal half; dorsal area before first lines sometimes suffused with light yellow-ochreous ; first line mixed with ochreous and blackish, angulated above middle, sometimes preceded by a similar whitish line ; upper half of median area more or less strewn with whitish ; an 8-shaped ochreous discal spot, edged with blackish ; second line blackish, marked with ochreous towards costa, posteriorly more or less completely edged with white, rather irregular, angulated in middle ; subterminal line more or less indicated with ochreous and whitish : cilia fuscous, with dark fuscous subbasal line, on upper half of termen obscurely barred with whitish. Hindwings dark fuscous, lighter anteriorly ; in ^ with moderate dorsal lobe, ending in tuft of whitish hairs, but no costal hair-pencil ; cilia fuscous-whitish, basal third dark fuscous. $. Lighter and more ochreous-tinged generally ; forewings with first line almost straight, preceding whitish line thicker and more distinct ; hindwings lighter or some- times suffusedly whitish-ochreous towards base. 7 specimens, Kona, Hawaii, at 4000—5000 feet, in July and August. (13) Mestolobes minuscula Butl. Boreophila minuscula Butl. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vii. 1881, p. 325. Mestolobes simaethina id. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1882, p. 38. Mestolobes minuscula Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 230. 234 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Abdomen in t beneath with two short tufts of yellowish hairs near base ; fore- wings seldom with median band wholly ochreous ; otherwise sufficiently described. 70 specimens ; 3 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet ; 2 Kona, Hawaii, at 2000 feet ; 6 Kilauea, Hawaii; i Wailuku, Maui; 5 Molokai, at 3000 feet; 20 Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 1400 — 2000 feet; 3 Kaala Mts., Oahu, at 1000 — 2000 feet; i Lanai, at 2000 feet ; 27 Lihui, Kauai, at 1500 feet; 2 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet : from February to September, and in November. Also 16 specimens received from Mr Blackburn, who records it from Haleakala, Maui, at 4000 feet. (14) Mestolobes ochrias, sp. nov. t' II — 12 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax yellow-ochreous. Abdomen dark fuscous, towards base suffijsed with yellow-ochreous, segmental margins pale ochreous, beneath with two yellowish tufts near base. Legs pale ochreous-yellowish or whitish- ochreous, anterior and middle pairs sometimes partially banded with dark fuscous. Forewings yellow-ochreous or whitish-ochreous, fuscous-sprinkled ; costa marked with very undefined spots of blackish irroration ; upper half of subbasal line indicated by blackish irroration ; first and second lines somewhat deeper yellow-ochreous, first rather curved, edged with a few dark fuscous scales, preceded by an indistinct whitish fuscous-edged line, second moderately curved, sinuate towards dorsum, posteriorly edged with blackish and followed by a distinct whitish line ; a terminal series of cloudy dark fuscous dots : cilia fuscous-whitish with blackish subbasal and grey postmedian line. Hindwings dark fuscous, rather lighter anteriorly ; a moderate dorsal lobe ending in a tuft of ochreous-yellow hairs, and an ochreous-yellow costal hair-pencil ; cilia whitish, with dark fuscous subbasal line. 2 specimens, Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 2000 feet, in April. (15) Mestolobes scleropis, sp. nov. ^$. 16 — 19 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous, mixed with pale and dark. Abdomen rather dark fuscous. Legs in ^ whitish, posterior tibiae roughened with black scales on apical half above, in % fuscous, whitish-ringed. Forewings fuscous, more or less mixed with dark fuscous and sometimes with fuscous-whitish ; subbasal line blackish-fuscous on upper half; first and second lines obscurely pale, more or less edged with ochreous suffusion mixed with blackish-fuscous, first rather curved, second irregularly curved, more strongly on median third ; an ochreous 8-shaped discal spot, edged with dark fuscous ; a terminal series of small cloudy blackish-fuscous spots: cilia fuscous, paler-mixed, with dark fuscous subbasal line. Hindwings dark MACROLEPIDOPTERA 235 fuscous becoming lighter anteriorly ;^ in ^ a small patch of pale yellowish suffusion below middle of disc, a moderately broad whitish-ochreous dorsal lobe ending in a tuft of whitish and dark fuscous hairs, and a yellow-whitish hair-pencil lying in a pale yellowish costal patch; cilia whitish or fuscous-whitish, basal third fuscous (Plate VI. fig. 16.) 7 specimens, Molokai, at 3000—4500 feet, from June to September. (16) Mestolobes eurylyca, sp. nov. ^. 15 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax ochreous-fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous, lighter on back, beneath with two small whitish-ochreous tufts near base. Legs whitish-ochreous, anterior tibiae and tarsi and middle tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings ochreous-fuscous, mixed with dark fuscous; first line represented by a rather broad well-defined slightly curved ochreous-whitish fascia before middle; an obscure ochreous 8-shaped discal spot touching its posterior edge ; second line more ochreous, curved, but hardly traceable, followed by a few whitish scales, more distinct on costa ; a terminal series of cloudy blackish-fuscous spots : cilia light greyish-ochreous obscurely barred with dark fuscous, with a blackish-fuscous line. Hindwings dark fuscous, lighter anteriorly ; a moderately broad rather dark fuscous dorsal lobe, clothed on inner side with whitish and on outer side with blackish-fuscous hairs; a light ochreous curled hair-pencil lying in an ochreous-whitish costal patch ; cilia grey-whitish, basal third rather dark fuscous. I specimen, Lanai, at 2000 feet, in January. (17) Mestolobes orthrias, sp. no v. ^. 17 mm. Head and palpi whitish-ochreous, face white. Thorax ochreous- fuscous. Abdomen rather dark fuscous, two basal segments and apical bands of next three ochreous-whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior tibiae and tarsi and middle tarsi banded with dark fuscous. Forewings ochreous-brown ; first line thick, curved, white, anteriorly edged with blackish, posteriorly with yellow-ochreous suffusion ; an 8-shaped discal spot obscurely outlined with dark fuscous ; second line very obscurely indicated with whitish and dark fuscous scales, slender, curved-bent, forming a more distinct whitish mark on costa ; a terminal series of indistinct dark fuscous dots : cilia fuscous, base whitish, with a dark fuscous subbasal line. Hindwings ochreous-white ; a moderately broad dark fuscous terminal fascia, becoming suffused beneath and not reaching tornus ; a moderate ochreous-whitish dorsal lobe, clothed on both sides with whitish hairs ; an ochreous-whitish costal hair-pencil ; cilia whitish, basal half grey except towards tornus. (Plate VL fig. 17.) I specimen, Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in May. M. F. H. 31 2 36 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (i8) Mestolobes pessias, sp. no v. t%* 15 — 23 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-ochreous or whitish, variably mixed with fuscous and dark fuscous. Abdomen fuscous or dark fuscous, segmental margins ochreous-whitish, in J beneath with lateral curled tufts below middle. Legs whitish, variably banded with dark fuscous. Forewings brownish-ochreous or fuscous, sometimes mixed with dark fuscous or whitish ; a blackish subbasal line more or less marked on upper half; first line white (seldom pale or obsolete), irregular, angulated above middle, partially dark-edged, often followed by a fascia of whitish suffusion sometimes confluent with it ; an 8-shaped ochreous dark-outlined discal spot, sometimes very obscure ; second line white (seldom pale or obsolete), anteriorly dark-edged, curved outwards from ^ to f ; a terminal series of dark fuscous spots : cilia ochreous- whitish or seldom fuscous, barred with darker fuscous, and with a dark fuscous sub- basal line. Hindwings in ^ ochreous-whitish, with a moderately broad dark fuscous terminal band, its anterior edge with more or less developed acute projection in middle ; in ? dark fuscous, darker terminally ; in ^ with moderately broad ochreous- whitish dorsal lobe ending in tuft of black scales, and whitish-ochreous costal hair- pencil; cilia ochreous-whitish, with two more or less marked fuscous or dark fuscous lines, (Plate VI. fig. 18.) 74 specimens, Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet, in May, Extremely variable in the development of the white and dark fuscous colouring ; the white predominates much more in the t than in the ?. (19) Mestolobes chimonias, sp. nov. c^. 20 — 22 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax brown, somewhat mixed with pale and dark. Abdomen fuscous, segmental margins whitish-ochreous. Legs dark fuscous, ringed with whitish-ochreous, posterior tibiae whitish-ochreous. Forewings fuscous, irregularly mixed with ochreous-whitish and sometimes with dark fuscous ; first and second lines slender, whitish, more or less dark-edged and margined on both sides with yellow-ochreous suffusion, first angulated above middle, sometimes nearly followed by a fascia of whitish suffusion, second at f , middle third curved outwards ; an 8-shaped ochreous-tinged discal spot suffusedly outlined with dark fuscous, sometimes almost obsolete ; a terminal series of cloudy blackish marks : cilia whitish-ochreous, barred with fuscous, with a dark fuscous line. Hindwings fuscous-grey, somewhat lighter anteriorly ; a pale postmedian line faintly indicated ; a small dorsal lobe, clothed with ochreous-whitish hairs, but no costal hair-pencil ; cilia whitish, indistinctly barred with grey, with dark grey subbasal line. 4 specimens ; 2 Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 — 6000 feet, in March and April ; 2 Molokai, at 4500 feet, in September. MACROLEPIDOPTERA 237 (20) Mestolobes aphrias, sp. nov. ^?. 19— 23 mm. Head and thorax fuscous, in t mixed with whitish. Palpi fuscous. Abdomen fuscous, segmental margins whitish. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle pair in $ more or less banded with dark fuscous, in % suffused with rather dark fuscous. Forewings white, in ^ variably irrorated with fuscous and dark fuscous, in % almost wholly suffused with rather dark fuscous mixed with yellow- ochreous and black ; first line in ^ represented by a moderately broad pale fascia, in ? narrower, posteriorly edged with dark fuscous, angularly projecting in middle and' near dorsum ; an 8-shaped discal spot partially edged with dark fuscous, in t white, in % ochreous; second line white, partially edged with dark fuscous, curved outwards from i to I ; a terminal series of cloudy dark fuscous spots : cilia ochreous-whitish indistinctly barred with fuscous, with a dark fuscous line. Hindwings in t whitish- yellowish, with an apical blotch of dark fuscous suffusion, and some dark fuscous irroration along remainder of termen ; in % dark fuscous, darker terminally ; in ^ with whitish-yellowish dorsal lobe, terminating in a tuft of hairs with apical half blackish, and a yellowish costal hair-pencil ; cilia whitish-yellowish, in % with dark fuscous line. 5 specimens, Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in April. (21) Mestolobes mesacma, sp. nov. 14 — 15 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax whitish-ochreous more or less mixed with fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous, more or less mixed with whitish-ochreous. 31—2 238 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS Legs ochreous-whitish banded with dark fuscous, posterior tibiae above with dense blackish tuft of hairs before middle. Forewings ochreous-brown or deep yellow- ochreous, more or less sprinkled with dark fuscous ; subbasal line indicated by some black scales on upper half; first line represented by a broad ochreous-whitish fascia, anteriorly suffused but extending almost to subbasal line, posterior edge slightly curved, more or less blackish-margined ; an 8-shaped discal spot sometimes more yellow- ochreous but hardly defined ; second line obscurely pale or fuscous-whitish, sometimes very little marked, sometimes edged anteriorly with yellow-ochreous and blackish scales, middle third curved outwards ; a terminal series of indistinct dark fuscous spots : cilia light fuscous, paler-mixed, with dark fuscous subbasal line. Hindwings pale ochreous-yellowish ; a moderate blackish-fuscous terminal fascia, with short triangular projection inwards in middle ; a moderate ochreous-whitish dorsal lobe, with short black tuft of hairs on inner side and similar light yellowish tuft on outer side, neither reaching apex, which is naked ; no costal hair-pencil ; cilia ochreous- whitish, basal third rather dark fuscous. 5 specimens, Kona, Hawaii, at 4000 feet, from June to September. (23) Mestolobes perixanthay sp. no v. ^?. 13 — 18 mm. Head and palpi ochreous-whitish to ochreous-yellowish. Thorax ochreous-orange, sometimes mixed with dark fuscous. Abdomen ochreous- yellow, base of segments more or less marked with dark fuscous. Legs pale ochreous-yellowish, more or less banded with dark fuscous. Forewings ochreous- orange, very variably irrorated with dark fuscous (very densely, or partially, or hardly at all), sometimes mixed with white in disc and towards base ; first line thick, white, rather curved, anteriorly edged with blackish-fuscous; an 8-shaped discal spot outlined with dark fuscous or almost obsolete, in one specimen preceded by a similar white spot ; second line slender, white, sometimes little marked, middle third curved outwards : cilia ochreous-yellowish or fuscous-whitish, variably or not mixed with dark fuscous. Hindwings ochreous-yellow ; a very variable dark fuscous terminal fascia, sometimes occupying posterior half of wing, or narrow, or reduced to an apical suffusion, or almost wholly obsolete ; in ^ a rather long broad ochreous-whitish dorsal lobe, clothed on sides with pale yellowish hairs, and an ochreous-yellow costal hair- pencil ; cilia pale yellowish, sometimes with fuscous line. (Plate VL fig. 20.) 10 specimens ; 9 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; i Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to June. Exceedingly variable. (24) Mestolobes semiochrea Butl. Mestolobes semiochrea Butl. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1882, p. 39; Meyr. op. id 1888, p. 229. MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 2 39 ^. 13 — -14111111. Forewings with lines sometimes little marked; an ochreous 8-shaped discal spot obscurely darker-outlined ; otherwise sufficiently described. 3 specimens, Waianae Mts., Oahu, in April. Mr Blackburn's examples were from the same island '* in mountains near Honolulu.'' (25) Mestolobes pragmatica, sp. nov. ^, x^— 14 mm. Head and thorax ochreous-whitish, thinly mixed with dark fuscous. Palpi ochreous-whitish. Abdomen dark fuscous, segmental margins more or less broadly ochreous-whitish, beneath with two small curled ochreous-whitish tufts near base. Legs whitish, anterior and middle pair banded with dark fuscous. Forewings fuscous, partially ochreous-tinged, mixed with dark fuscous, especially on median band, which is sometimes wholly suffused with dark fuscous ; basal area irregularly mixed and spotted with white ; first and second lines white, first sinuate, forming a wedge-shaped projection inwards in middle, second slender, curved outwards from \ to f ; an 8-shaped discal spot obscurely indicated : cilia ochreous-whitish, with a dark fuscous line. Hindwings ochreous- white ; a moderate irregular dark fuscous fascia along upper half of termen ; a rather long whitish dorsal lobe, ending in a tuft of whitish hairs of which apical third is black ; no costal hair-pencil ; cilia ochreous-whitish, with fuscous subbasal line on upper half of termen. 4 specimens, Olaa, Hawaii, from July to September. (26) Mestolobes abnormis Butl. Metasia abnormis Butl Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1882, p. 35 (?). Mestolobes oenone id. 1. c, p. 37 (^)- Mestolobes abnormis Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 228. Sufficiently described ; but the tufts of the dorsal lobe, which I have described as black, should have been correctly described as having the apical portion black, the rest whitish. I specimen, Panoa Valley, Oahu, in November ; this is a variety having an oblique trapezoidal ochreous-white blotch in disc of forewings, extending from above middle of first line to termen above tornus, but otherwise normal. Six specimens received from Mr Blackburn, who took them flying in the sunshine in a torrent-bed near Honolulu, Oahu. (27) Mestolobes autodoxa, sp. nov. Z% 12— 14 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous, sometimes ochreous^tinged. Abdomen dark fuscous, segmental margins in ^ whitish towards base. Legs whitish, 240 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS anterior and middle pair banded with dark fuscous. Forewings fuscous, more or less mixed with dark fuscous ; first line obscurely pale or almost obsolete, followed by some ochreous and dark fuscous scales ; an 8-shaped discal spot very obscurely indicated ; second line pale or whitish-ochreous, slender, curved outwards from i to f : cilia fuscous, paler-mixed, with a dark fuscous line. Hindwings in t ochreous-white, more yellowish- tinged dorsally, with moderate dark fuscous fascia along upper half of termen, in % rather dark fuscous, becoming blackish-fuscous posteriorly, with a patch of whitish suffusion in middle of disc ; in t with rather long ochreous-whitish dorsal lobe, clothed with long whitish hairs, and a whitish-yellowish costal hair-pencil ; cilia whitish, with dark fuscous subbasal line in ^ on upper half of termen, in ? throughout. (Plate VI. fig, 21.) 4 specimens, Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 1400 feet, in April. Very similar to M. abnormis, yet the $ differs widely in the wholly whitish hairs of the dorsal lobe, and the absence of the black tibial tuft. (28) Mestolobes homalopa, sp. nov. ^?. 16 — 20 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax pale greyish-ochreous or whitish- ochreous, sometimes fuscous-sprinkled. Abdomen in ^ fuscous, segmental margins whitish-ochreous, in $ darker fuscous. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior pair sometimes banded with dark fuscous. Forewings pale ochreous, sometimes yellowish-tinged, more or less irrorated with fuscous, in % sometimes suffused with fuscous ; a few scattered dark fuscous scales, but no defined markings : cilia fuscous, paler-mixed. Hindwings fuscous, becoming dark fuscous towards termen ; in ^ a moderately long ochreous- whitish dorsal lobe, clothed with long whitish hairs on inner side, and a ridge of erect curled hair-scales along costa towards middle ; cilia fuscous. 12 specimens, Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet, in May. Orthomecyna ButL In the hindwings 7 is sometimes connate with 6, and sometimes anastomoses more or less shortly with 8 ; the characters given are otherwise sufficient. The pecten of hairs on the lower median vein is as well-defined as in the Crambidae, whereas in Mestolobes there is no trace of it. 1. Hindwings clear orange or yellowish 2. ,, at most greyish-yellowish, or partly yellow-suffused 6. 2. Cilia of hindwings fuscous (8) epicausta, „ „ yellow or orange 3. 3. Forewings irrorated or suffused with whitish {11) mesochasma, „ not whitish-irrorated 4. 4. Hindwings suffused with dark fuscous towards costa (f) albicaudata. „ not dark fuscous towards costa 5. 13 MACROLEPIDOPTERA 241 Genital tuft oi $ whitish j^. , \0) chrysophanes. „ ,, black ^^ alloptila. Hmdwings with more or less yellowish suffusion „ wholly without yellowish suffusion jY Forewings with lines distinctly black-edged 8 >j » obscure, not black-edged Hindwings pale greyish-yellowish, with grey terminal band r/.y/..(72)^im>;2^«>. dark grey, with two streaks of yellowish suffusion {13) exigua Hindwings mostly pale greyish-yellowish ^^ ' at most with two very indistinct streaks of yellowish suffusion 1 1 Abdomen yellow-ochreous {to) aphanopis. „ slaty-fuscous {q) pkrodes. Forewmgs with first and second lines closely approximated dorsally .,.{2) phaeophanes, ." >» ?j not closely approximated {4) cross las. Forewings distinctly ochreous j^ „ more grey or dark fuscous j. Hindwings whitish-fuscous \Z^^(^heten>dyas, dark fuscous {2) phaeophanes. 14. Forewings whitish-irrorated {14) amphilyca. not whitish-irrorated (i) metalycia. (i) Orthomecyna metalycia, sp. nov. $. 22 — 25 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, abdomen, and legs ochreous-fuscous. Forewings rather broad, rather dark fuscous, more or less suffusedly irrorated with whitish-ochreous, especially on basal area; first and second lines whitish-ochreous, ill-defined or sometimes almost obsolete, first hardly oblique, triangularly indented outwards above middle, posteriorly dark-edged, second moderately curved outwards from beneath costa to | ; an indistinct darker transverse mark representing discal spot ; a waved whitish-ochreous almost terminal line, seldom obsolete : cilia fuscous mixed with whitish-ochreous, with a darker line. Hindwings rather dark fuscous, darker posteriorly; cilia whitish-ochreous, sometimes fuscous-tinged, basal third fuscous. (Plate VI. fig. 22.) 5 specimens, Kona, Hawaii, at 4000 feet, from July to September. (2) Orthomecyna phaeophanes, sp. nov. ^$. 17 — 29 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, and abdomen ochreous-fuscous or ochreous-brown, sometimes mixed with dark fuscous. Legs whitish-fuscous, some- times banded with dark fuscous. Forewings rather elongate, ochreous-brown or ochreous-fuscous, sometimes mostly suffused with dark fuscous ; first and second lines lighter ochreous, very obscure or sometimes obsolete, internally dark-edged, closely approximated dorsally, first oblique, more or less triangularly indented out- wards above middle, second moderately curved outwards from near costa to f ; 242 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS sometimes a cloudy dark fuscous discal dot ; sometimes obscure lighter subterminal and terminal shades, separated by a sometimes well-marked waved dark fuscous line : cilia ochreous-fuscous, tips paler. Hindwings dark fuscous ; sometimes very obscure streaks of yellowish suffusion below middle and towards costa posteriorly ; cilia light yellowish, more or less fuscous-mixed towards base. 14 specimens ; 6 Haleakala, Maui, at 4000 — 5000 feet ; 2 Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 2000 — 3000 feet ; 4 Molokai, at 3000 — 4000 feet ; 2 Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to June, and in September. Varies considerably, whilst always very obscure ; from O. metalycia it differs in the narrower forewings, ochreous colouring, and dorsally closely approximated first and second lines. (3) Ortkomecyna heterodyas, sp. no v. ^. 25 — 28 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, abdomen, and legs brownish-ochreous, fuscous-tinged. Forewings rather elongate, brownish-ochreous, distinctly yellowish- tinged, sprinkled with fuscous ; first and second lines cloudy, whitish, first irregular, second curved outwards on upper |^ : cilia fuscous-whitish, mixed with brownish- ochreous (imperfect). Hindwings whitish-fuscous, becoming fuscous towards termen ; cilia as in forewings, (Plate VI. fig. 23.) 2 specimens, Kilauea, Hawaii, in June and August. (4) Ortkomecyna crossias, sp. nov. t%. 23 — 28 mm. Head and thorax dark fuscous, somewhat mixed with light ochreous-yellowish. Palpi dark fuscous. Abdomen pale yellow-ochreous, in ^ little, in % mostly suffused with fuscous. Legs dark fuscous, ringed with pale yellow-ochreous. Forewings elongate, brown, densely irrorated with dark fuscous ; first and second lines indicated by a diffused ochreous-yellow irroration, only defined on costa, where it forms two well-marked yellowish spots ; a more or less marked yellowish suffusion towards middle of costa ; a small undefined dark fuscous discal spot, in ^ followed by a sub- quadrate white spot, and connected with middle of dorsum by a broad irregular whitish suffusion ; an undefined ochreous dentate line resting on termen : cilia ochreous- yellowish mixed with dark fuscous. Hindwings fuscous, becoming dark fuscous posteriorly ; very obscure streaks of yellowish suffusion beneath middle of disc, and towards costa posteriorly ; cilia ochreous-yellowish, base in $ mixed with dark fuscous. 2 specimens, Oahu, at 2000 feet, in April. MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 243 (5) Orthomecyna alloptila, sp. nov. ^. 18 — 21 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax ochreous-orange, palpi somewhat infuscated. Abdomen light orange, apex whitish, genital tuft of Z black. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior pair obscurely banded with fuscous. Forewings elongate, ochreous-orange, suffused towards termen with fuscous ; first and second lines hardly paler, closely approximated dorsally, median band somewhat infuscated, first straight, oblique, second curved on upper half ; a small undefined darker fuscous discal spot : cilia ochreous-yellowish or fuscous, basal half darker fuscous. Hindwings light orange ; a narrow longitudinal median streak, a broader dorsal streak, and a rather narrow irregular terminal fascia cloudy dark fuscous ; cilia light orange, tips paler. 3 specimens, Kilauea, Hawaii, in June and August. (6) Orthomecyna chrysophanes, sp. nov. ^^, 18 24 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax brownish-ochreous to ochreous- orange. Abdomen pale orange, towards apex more or less whitish, genital tuft of t whitish. Legs pale yellowish or ochreous-whitish, anterior and middle pair more or less banded with fuscous. Forewings rather elongate, ochreous-orange, more or less irrorated or in one specimen wholly suffused with fuscous, usually clearer orange towards middle of costa ; first and second lines hardly indicated except by cloudy dark fuscous internal margins, which are closely approximated dorsally, first nearly straight, irregular, second curved outwards on upper half ; a small undefined dark fuscous discal spot, seldom with an ochreous-whitish spot beyond it and another below it ; sometimes a fuscous shade beyond second line ; usually slender darker fuscous subterminal and terminal lines, sometimes suffused together as a narrow fascia: cilia fuscous, with a dark fuscous line. Hindwings light orange; usually a more or less developed narrow dark fuscous terminal fascia, with a triangular projection inwards in middle, often interrupted below middle or much reduced or sometimes wholly obsolete; sometimes a narrow median streak of dark fuscous irroration, and a broader dorsal streak ; cilia light orange, tips yellow-whitish. (Plate VL fig. 24.) 14 specimens; 13 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet; i Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to June. Very variable. (7) Orthomecyna albicaudata Butl. Orthomecyna albicaudata Butl. Ent. Mo. Mag. xix. p. 178; Meyr. Trans. Ent, Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 226. Sufficiently described. One specimen, Lanai, at 3000 feet, in July. Mr Blackburn's specimens were from the same island. M. F. H. ^ 244 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (8) Orthomecyna epicausta, sp. nov. ^%, 13 — 20 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous, sometimes mixed with whitish-ochreous. Abdomen ochreous or fuscous, towards apex whitish, genital tuft of $ blackish. Legs ochreous-whitish, anterior pair banded with fuscous. Forewings elongate, rather dark brown, more or less mixed and posteriorly or sometimes wholly suffused with dark fuscous ; first and second lines obscurely pale or brownish- ochreous, often obsolete, approximated dorsally, first irregular, second curved on upper f , sometimes united to form a distinct whitish-ochreous dorsal blotch ; a very obscure dark fuscous discal spot : cilia fuscous, with two suffused darker lines. Hindwings ochreous-yellow or whitish-yellowish ; a moderately broad blackish-fuscous terminal fascia, more or less extended along dorsum ; often a narrow median longitudinal streak of dark fuscous irroration, and another less marked beneath costa ; cilia fuscous, sometimes becoming yellow-whitish towards tornus. (Plate VI. fig. 25.) 30 specimens, Kona, Hawaii, at 4000 — 6000 feet, from June to September. (9) Orthomecyna picrodes, sp. nov. ^ ?. 21 — 23 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, abdomen, and legs rather dark slaty- fuscous. Forewings rather elongate, slaty-fuscous, darker-sprinkled, in % whitish- sprinkled towards termen ; first and second lines in ^ obsolete, in % obscurely whitish, first obtusely bent in middle, second curved on upper f ; in $ a very obscure dark discal dot : cilia fuscous, somewhat whitish-mixed, with darker subbasal line. Hindwings grey; a dull whitish-yellowish grey-sprinkled suffusion occupying whole of disc except an obscure median longitudinal streak ; cilia as in forewings. (Plate VI. fig. 26.) 2 specimens, Hualalai, Hawaii, at 8000 feet, in August. (10) Orthomecyna aphanopis Meyr. Orthomecyna aphanopis Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 227. No specimens sent by Mr Perkins. The locality for this species is un- recorded, but probably it was Maui or Oahu, as most of Mr Blackburn's other specimens were thence. (11) Orthomecyna mesochasma, sp. nov. J?. 18 — 21 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax whitish mixed with grey. Abdomen light ochreous-yellow. Legs whitish, banded with grey. Forewings rather elongate, fuscous, much irrorated or sometimes suffused with whitish ; first and second lines MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 245 whitish, sometimes edged internally with dark fuscous, first almost straight, some- what indented in middle, second curved on upper f ; an undefined dark fuscous discal dot, and sometimes a second above it ; subterminal line cloudy, dentate, whitish, sometimes obsolete : cilia fuscous, more or less whitish-mixed, with darker subbasal line. Hindwings clear ochreous-yellow ; median and subdorsal streaks of blackish-grey irroration ; a moderately broad blackish-grey terminal band, sharply interrupted on a quadrate space below middle ; cilia light yellow, tips paler. (Plate VII. fig. I.) 7 specimens ; 3 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; 4 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to June, and in October. (12) Orthomecyna cup7^eipennis Butl. Orthomecyna exigua, van cupreipennis Bud. Ent. Mo. Mag. xix. p. 179. ^. x8 — 20 mm. Abdomen light ochreous-yellowish. Forewings as in O, exigua, Hindwings pale dull ochreous-yellowish, faintly greyish-tinged ; a moderate dark grey terminal band; cilia pale whitish-ochreous, suffused with grey towards base. I specimen, Lanai, at 2000 feet, in February. Several were obtained by Mr Blackburn from the same island, and as the differential characters appear to be constant, I think it advisable to allow the form specific rank. (13) Orthomecyna exigtia Butl. Mecyna exigua Butl. Ent. Mo. Mag. xv. p. 271 ; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) VII. 1881, p. 329. Orthomecyna exigua Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 227. Abdomen varying from pale ochreous to grey ; forewings usually more or less irrorated or sometimes much suffused with whitish ; cilia of hindwings sometimes suffused with greyish. Otherwise sufficiently described. 19 specimens; 18 Molokai, at 3000—4000 feet; i Kilauea, Hawaii; in May, June, and September. Also taken commonly by Mr Blackburn in Maui. (14) Orthomecyna amphilyca, sp. nov. ^. 16—22 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous-grey. Abdomen greyish- ochreous. Legs dark grey, obscurely whitish-ringed. Forewings grey, irrorated with dark fuscous and whitish; first and second lines whitish, internally edged with some blackish scales, first angulated above middle, second curved on upper f ; a 32—2 246 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS small undefined blackish-fuscous discal spot ; an undefined whitish subterminal line, followed by a row of blackish dots : cilia grey mixed with whitish, with a dark fuscous line. Hindwings whitish-ochreous densely irrorated throughout with fuscous, with a somewhat darker terminal band ; cilia whitish, with a fuscous line. 2 specimens, Haleakala, Maui, at 9000 feet, in October. Protaulacistis, gen. nov. Face rounded, oblique ; ocelli present ; tongue developed. Antennae f , in ^ pubescent. Labial palpi moderately long, porrected, second joint with dense project- ing scales attenuated forwards, terminal joint concealed. Maxillary palpi moderate, terminally dilated with loose scales. Tibial outer spurs f. Forewings normal. Hindwings with veins 3, 4, 5 closely approximated at base, 7 out of 6 near origin, anastomosing with 8 to near middle, lower median without distinct pecten ; in ^ with subdorsal groove above containing loose hair-pencil. Although the ^ has the subdorsal groove as in the preceding genus, all the veins of the hindwings are present in both sexes. The character of the markings is quite that of the Pyrausta group. (i) Protaulacistis cataphaea, sp. nov. j^^ J 7 — 2 1 mm. Head, palpi, thorax, abdomen, and legs rather dark fuscous. Forewings rather dark fuscous, strewn with ochreous-brown scales ; roundish orbi- cular and 8-shaped discal spot very obscurely darker-outlined, sometimes obsolete ; second line dark fuscous, very obscure, curved, waved, forming an abrupt loop inwards beneath discal spot ; a terminal series of indistinct dark fuscous dots : cilia fuscous, with two faint darker lines. Hindwings dark fuscous, slightly purplish- tinged, darker terminally ; cilia grey, with darker subbasal line, tips whitish. (Plate Vn. fig. 2.) 13 specimens, Haleakala, Maui, at 6000 feet, in May. ScoPARiA Haw, I have recently come to the conclusion that Xeroscopa cannot be advan- tageously maintained as distinct from Scoparia, the point of distinction being so slight and sometimes hardly appreciable, whilst in other respects, structural and superficial, there is no difference at all. Probably all the following species show more or less of the discal hairs characteristic of Xeroscopa, though in some cases they are apparently reduced to the merest rudiment. All the species have the fore- wings comparatively narrow, some very narrow. MACROLEPIDOPTERA 247 r. Forewings with rhomboidal black patch along central third of costa 2. ,, without such patch a 2. Costal patch enclosing an elongate white costal spot (j) mfiphicypella, „ without white spot -^. 3 . Posterior edge of costal patch inwardly oblique {2) rhombias. 5^ >> outwardly oblique [i) tetranesa. 4. Forewings with entire black subterminal fascia 5. „ without such fascia it. 5. Upper half of discal spot filled with white {14) thalamias, „ „ absorbed in black costal bar 6. 6. Groundcolour of forewings pale ochreous-yellowish {ii) tyraida. „ ,, white or ochreous-white 7. 7. Antemedian black fascia connected in disc with postmedian bar {12) pentaspila, „ ,, not so connected 8. 8. Antemedian black fascia connected in disc with subbasal fascia .9. 5, „ not so connected 10. 9. Connection broad; hind wings grey- whitish {y) orthoria. „ narrow; hindwings grey {8) mesoleuca. 10. Head mixed with black... {id) antimacha. „ not mixed with black (p) mianiis. 11. Groundcolour of forewings uniform shining ashy- grey {26) siderina. „ ,, not uniform grey 12. 12. Forewings with groundcolour orange or ferruginous 13. „ „ not orange or ferruginous 16. 13. First line well-marked, white .......14. „ hardly defined (j^) nyctombra, 14. Orbicular and claviform blackish 15. „ „ not blackish {28) ianthes. 15. Second line reduced in disc to dots {sg) ?narmarias. „ entire in disc (jo) aeolias, 16. First line doubled, well-marked, yellowish-tinged 17. „ not doubled, or if so, not yellowish 19. 17. Head yellowish-fuscous ; hindwings grey {40) zophochlora. „ yellowish on crown; hindwings whitish-grey 18. 18. Orbicular obliquely beyond claviform (jg) melichlora. „ vertically above claviform {41) hawaiiensis, 19. Head and thorax shining coppery (34) erebochalca. „ „ not coppery 20, 20. Head yellowish, or mixed with yellowish 21. , , not yellowish 22. 21. Lines white (j/) nectarias. „ pale yellowish {27) parackiora. 22. Head clear white, at most with black frontal bar, or face sprinkled with black • 23. „ more or less wholly mixed or suffused with fuscous or blackish 34. 23. Discal spot 8-shaped • * 24. „ absorbed in black costal bar 25. 24. Thorax black-sprinkled (j6) halirrhoa. not black-sprinkled (//) ^ctias. 248 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 25. Posterior edge of subbasal fascia angulated, lower portion inwardly oblique 26. „ „ not so formed 28. 26. Forewings sprinkled with black {6) passalota. „ not sprinkled with black 27. 27. Posterior edge of antemedian fascia with middle third triangularly dilated. . .(^) oxythyma. „ „ ,, with upwards-oblique quadrate median projection (5) halanopis. 28. Orbicular and claviform separate, distinct {i^) loxocentra. ,, „ confluent together or with antemedian fascia 29. 29. Spot representing orbicular and claviform connected with postmedian bar 30, „ „ „ not so connected 33. 30. Forewings more or less sprinkled with black 31. „ not sprinkled with black 32. 31. Apical black blotch enclosing an oblique white apical mark {2 j) cry erodes, „ ,, without such mark {13) pachysema. 3 2 . Spot representing orbicular and claviform quadrate {20) struthias, „ ,, „ pentagonal (jg) formosa. 33. Orbicular and claviform forming a trilobate projection of antemedian fascia {21) triacma. „ „ an 8-sha;ped spot, at most connected to- wards extremities with fascia {22) jucunda. 34. Forewings with veins white-streaked, other markings obsolete (57) ve?iosa. ,, „ not white-streaked, markings more or less distinct 35. 35. Forewings with a fine blackish line along submedian fold throughout {48) peronetis. „ without such line 36. 36. First line sharply angulated below middle 37. ,, not angulated below middle 38. 37. Subterminal line obsolete ....: {46) epimystis, „ „ distinct {4'/) frigida. 38. Forewings with defined blackish subbasal fascia 39. „ without such fascia 44. 39. Orbicular white, blackish-edged {44) dactyliopa. „ black 40. 40. Orbicular and claviform merged in dark suffusion of first line {43) demode s. „ „ distinct 41. 41. Orbicular and claviform confluent into an 8-shaped spot 42. » » separate 43. 42. Postmedian bar connected beneath with apical blotch {24) crataea, ,, not so connected {18) melanocephala 43. Orbicular rather obliquely beyond claviform (^42) empeda, ,, vertically above claviform (^5) ombrodes. 44. Lines almost obsolete (5<5) omichlopis. „ more or less marked 45. 45. Forewings with groundcolour fuscous or dark fuscous, sometimes orange-tinged... 46. „ „ whitish 51. 46. Forewings dark, tinged with yellowish, orange, or coppery 47. „ appearing grey, without such tinge 50. 47. Claviform conspicuous, blackish 48. „ little marked 49. 48. Claviform separate (j/) clonodes, ,, connected with dark margin of first line [32) bucoUca, MA CROLEPIDOP TERA 249 49. Forewings orange-tinged {33) oenopis. not orange-tinged {38) thyeUopis. 50. Orbicular obsolete (^^) melanopis. ^^s^^^^t {49) iscknias, 51. Claviform conspicuous, black {33) pyrseutis, „ obsolete or merged in dark margin of first line 52. 52. Dark markings suffused with brown {34) p/afyscia. ,, without brown tinge ^-2. 53. Expanse 13 mm. or less {43) geraea, ,, 14 mm. or more .C4. 54. First line indented in middle , ^5. ,, not indented in middle ^5 55. Orbicular elongate or dash-like, blackish {33) probolaea. not dash-like {31) macrophanes. 56. Orbicular forming a distinct black dot {33) halmaea, „ not distinct or dot-like (^2) meristis. (i) Scoparia tetranesa^ sp, no v. ?. 16 mm. Head and thorax white, shoulders black. Palpi black, base and tips white. Abdomen whitish. Forewings white ; a moderate black almost basal fascia, sharply angulated below middle ; a rhomboidal black patch extending along costa from before \ to before f, lower anterior angle touching middle of dorsum, lower posterior angle in disc at f ; a small undefined oblique blackish costal mark at f ; a moderate black apical spot, and smaller tornal spot : cilia white. Hind wings whitish-grey, terminally suffused with grey, more broadly at apex ; cilia grey-whitish, with a grey basal line. (Plate VO. fig. 3.) I specimen, Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet, in October. (2) Scoparia rhombias, sp. no v. ^?. 16 — 17 mm. Head and thorax white, shoulders black. Palpi black, base and tips white. Abdomen light grey, segmental margins white. Forewings ochreous- white ; a moderate black almost basal fascia, sharply angulated about middle ; a rhom- boidal black patch extending along costa from beyond \ to f, lower anterior angle not reaching middle of dorsum, but sometimes connected with it by a few black scales, lower posterior angle in disc at f ; two small undefined marks of blackish or grey irroration on costa towards apex, and sometimes a smaller one on tornus ; a terminal series of blackish dots, sometimes incomplete : cilia white. Hind wings grey-whitish or whitish-grey, suffused with grey towards apex ; cilia whitish. 5 specimens ; 4 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in April ; i Molokai, at 4000 feet, in June. 2 50 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (3) Scoparia amphicypella, sp. nov. ^. 18 mm. Head and thorax white, shoulders black. Palpi black, base and tips white. Abdomen grey, segmental margins white. Forewings white ; a moderate blackish almost basal fascia, sharply angulated below middle ; a rhomboidal blackish patch extending on costa from before \ to before f , lower angles prominent, anterior not reaching dorsum, posterior in disc at f, enclosing an elongate semioval white costal spot ; an inwardly oblique oblong blackish anteapical spot, and a smaller praetornal spot: cilia white. Hindwings grey- whitish, terminally suffused with grey; cilia whitish. (Plate VII. fig. 4.) I specimen, Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet, in May. (4) Scoparia oxythyma, sp. nov. $%. 15 — 18 mm. Head and thorax white, shoulders with a black spot. Palpi white, with black median bar. Abdomen bronzy-ochreous, segmental margins white. Forewings white ; a moderate black almost basal fascia, sharply angulated about middle ; a narrow black oblique fascia from \ of costa to middle of dorsum, middle third triangularly dilated posteriorly ; an oblique black bar from f of costa, reaching half across wing, lower extremity excavated ; a black praetornal spot ; an inwardly oblique oblong black anteapical spot, preceded by a black costal dot ; two or three black sometimes confluent terminal dots towards middle : cilia white. Hindwings whitish- grey, terminally suffused with grey ; cilia white. I I specimens ; 5 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; 6 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to June. This and the following species differ from those most similar to them by the broader white apical portion of the palpi, which reduces the black central portion to a comparatively narrow bar. (5) Scoparia balanopis, sp. nov. ^$. 15 — 17 mm. Head and thorax white, shoulders black. Palpi white, with black median bar. Abdomen ochreous- whitish, in t more ochreous-tinged. Fore- wings white or ochreous-white ; a moderate black almost basal fascia, angulated below middle ; a narrow black oblique fascia from \ of costa to middle of dorsum, anterior edge with a triangular central prominence, posterior with a strong upwards- oblique quadrate median projection ; an oblique black bar from f of costa, reaching half across wing, lower extremity excavated ; a black praetornal spot ; an inwardly oblique oblong black anteapical spot, preceded by a black costal dot ; a terminal series of more or less defined black dots, in middle usually coalescing into a MA CROLEPIDOP TERA 2 5 1 triangular spot: cilia white. Hindwings whitish-grey, suffused with grey towards termen, sometimes with a pale posterior line; cilia white. (Plate VII. fig. 5,) II specimens; 3 Kona, Hawaii, at 4000 feet; 5 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; 3 Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; in July, September, November, and December. (6) Scoparia passalota, sp. nov. ^?. 16— 20 mm. Head white, face sometimes with blackish bar. Palpi blackish, base and tips white. Thorax white, a spot on shoulders and central dorsal spot black. Abdomen greyish-ochreous, segmental margins whitish. Fore- wings white, more or less sprinkled with black, dorsal half sometimes mixed with grey and irrorated with black ; a moderate black almost basal fascia, sharply angu- lated in middle ; a narrow oblique black fascia from beyond \ of costa to before middle of dorsum, posterior edge with strong upwards-oblique subquadrate median projection ; a moderate oblique black bar from costa before |, reaching half across wing, lower extremity excavated ; anterior edge of second line more or less distinctly blackish, forming small spots at extremities ; a rhomboidal black praetornal spot, broadest above ; an inwardly oblique oblong black anteapical spot, connected beneath with a triangular black spot on middle of termen ; a terminal series of undefined black dots : cilia pale fuscous, somewhat whitish-mixed, with interrupted darker subbasal line. Hindwings pale grey, terminally suffused with grey ; cilia fuscous- whitish, with light fuscous subbasal line. 8 specimens ; 7 Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet ; i Lahaina, Maui, at 3000 feet ; in April and May. Undoubtedly allied to the preceding species in essential characters, though differing much in the diffusion of black scales. (7) Scoparia orthoria, sp. nov. ^ $, 14 — 16 mm. Head ochreous-white. Palpi black, tips and base white. Thorax ochreous-white, shoulders and a central dorsal spot black. Abdomen pale greyish-ochreous, segmental margins broadly white. Forewings ochreous-white ; a very broad oblique black almost basal fascia ; a broad oblique black fascia from beyond \ of costa to beyond middle of dorsum, narrowed beneath, produced on dorsum posteriorly, on upper half confluent with subbasal fascia except on costa ; a rather broad oblique black bar from costa before f, reaching half across wing, lower extremity sometimes excavated, more or less confluent beneath with following fascia ; a broad irregular black subterminal fascia, sometimes including a white costal dot ; a terminal series of black dots, sometimes forming a median spot connected with preceding fascia : cilia white. Hindwings grey- whitish or whitish-grey, terminally suffused with grey; a suffused grey discal spot ; cilia white. (Plate VII. fig. 6.) 4 specimens, Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet, in June, July, and November. M. F. H. 33 2 52 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (8) Scoparia mesoleuca, sp. no v. ^$. 15 — 17 mm. Head ochreous- white, with small black spot before antennae. Palpi black, tips and base white. Thorax ochreous-white, a spot on shoulders and a central dorsal spot black. Abdomen brownish-ochreous, segmental margins white. Forewings ochreous-white ; a broad black oblique almost basal fascia ; a broad black oblique fascia from ^ of costa to middle of dorsum, abruptly narrowed dorsally, followed by some black scales on dorsum, connected in middle with subbasal fascia ; a moderately broad oblique black bar from costa about |, reaching half across wing, lower extremity excavated, confluent beneath with following fascia ; a broad irregular black subterminal fascia, including a white costal dot ; a terminal series of black dots, sometimes forming a median spot connected with preceding fascia : cilia white. Hindwings grey, darker terminally ; cilia whitish. 7 specimens, Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 3000 — 4000 feet, in May and June. (9) Scoparia miantis, sp. nov. ^. 14 mm. Head ochreous-white. Palpi black, base and tips white. Thorax ochreous-white, a spot on shoulders and small undefined dorsal spot black. Abdo- men greyish-ochreous, segmental margins whitish. Forewings very narrow, ochreous- white, with some irregularly scattered black scales ; a broad oblique black almost basal fascia, outer edge irregular ; a broad oblique slightly curved black fascia from about \ of costa to middle of dorsum, outer edge irregular ; a moderately broad oblique black bar from costa about f, lower extremity almost circularly excavated or annular ; a broad irregular black subterminal fascia, enclosing a white costal mark, and confluent with a black spot on middle of termen ; a terminal series of black dots: cilia whitish, with two interrupted grey lines. Hindwings grey; cilia grey-whitish, with two cloudy grey lines. I specimen, Molokai, at 3500 feet, in June. (10) Scoparia antimacha, sp, nov. %, 17 mm. Head and thorax white mixed with black. Palpi black, base and tips white. Abdomen ochreous-grey, segmental margins whitish-tinged. Forewings ochreous-white, irregularly sprinkled with black ; basal area much mixed and suffused with black up to first line ; a moderate oblique black fascia from \ of costa to middle of dorsum, posterior edge broadly dilated from near costa to below middle ; a black dorsal spot beyond this ; a broad oblique black bar from costa before f , MACROLEPIDOPTERA 253 reaching half across wing, lower extremity annular, connected beneath with following fascia ; a broad irregular black subterminal fascia, enclosing a white costal dot, anterior edge with long acute triangular projection below middle, posteriorly con- fluent with a black spot in middle of termen ; a terminal series of black dots : cilia white, with much interrupted blackish antemedian line, tips round apex spotted with grey. Hindwings grey, terminally darker-suffused ; cilia grey-whitish, with grey basal line. 1 specimen, Lahaina, Maui, at 2000 feet, in December. (11) Scoparia tyratila, sp. nov. ?. 14 — 16 mm. Head whitish-yellow, with black spots before antennae, some- times almost confluent. Palpi black, base and tips yellow-whitish. Thorax whitish- yellow, a spot on shoulder and A-shaped dorsal mark black. Abdomen grey. Forewings pale ochreous-yellowish ; a rather broad oblique black almost basal fascia, followed by undefined black subcostal, median, and subdorsal spots ; a narrow oblique black fascia from before \ of costa to before middle of dorsum, posteriorly confluent with a quadrate black blotch extending from near costa to below middle ; some black irroration towards middle of costa; a thick oblique black bar from before f of costa, reaching half across wing, lower extremity annular, sometimes connected with preceding blotch ; a small black dorsal spot beyond middle ; a black costal strigula at |, sometimes connected beneath with preceding bar; a broad irregular black subterminal fascia, abruptly contracted below middle, anterior edge with acute triangular projection below middle : cilia whitish, more or less barred with grey, with interrupted blackish antemedian line. Hindwings grey, darker terminally; cilia grey-whitish, with grey basal line. (Plate VIL fig. 7.) 5 specimens ; 3 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; 2 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to June. (12) Scoparia pentaspila, sp. nov. j$ 16-17 mm. (Head and thorax defaced.) Palpi black, base and tips white. Abdomen pale greyish-ochreous, segmental margins whitish. Porewmgs ochreous-white, with a few scattered black scales ; a broad oblique black almost basal fascia, followed by black subcostal, median, and subdorsal marks ; a moderate oblique black fascia from \ of costa to middle of dorsum, narrow on dorsal third, posteriorly dilated from near costa to below middle to form a quadrate black blotch, 33—2 2 54 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS connected in middle with following bar ; a broad oblique black bar from costa before f, reaching half across wing, lower extremity excavated, connected beneath with an inwardly oblique black mark from costa at f , and with following fascia ; a broad irregular black subterminal fascia, on upper half very broad and nearly reach- ing termen, abruptly and narrowly contracted below this and again dilated down- wards ; a terminal series of black dots partially absorbed in this : cilia white, with two much interrupted lines becoming obsolete dorsally, first blackish, second dark grey. Hindwings light grey, terminally suffused with darker grey; cilia grey-whitish, with two cloudy grey lines. 2 specimens, Kaala Mts., Oahu, at 2000 feet, in March. (13) Scoparia pachysema Meyr. Xeroscopa pachysema Meyr. Trans. Ent Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 236. No specimen of this species was obtained by Mr Perkins ; the locality of the original type is not recorded, but I should be disposed to conjecture Haleakala, Maui. It is a peculiar species, not very near any other, markedly narrower- winged than most others, with the black markings largely developed. The narrowed wings and dark colouring are somewhat characteristic of Haleakala species, and many of Mr Blackburn's other insects are from that locality. (14) Scoparia thalamias, sp. nov. ^. 18 — 2 1 mm. Head blackish, somewhat white-sprinkled, face mostly suffused with white. Palpi blackish, base white. Thorax blackish, variably mixed or much suffused with white dorsally, patagia margined with white, tips grey. Abdomen greyish-ochreous, segmental margins sometimes whitish. Forewings white, irregularly irrorated with black ; basal area irregularly suffused with black ; first line white, rather curved, oblique, sharply indented in middle, followed by some black suffusion ; orbicular and claviform confluent into an irregular blackish blotch, preceded by a clearer white spot ; discal 8-shaped, well-defined, black, halves filled with white, connected above with costa, beneath confluent with a very broad blackish terminal fascia, containing white costal and dorsal marks, and irregular interrupted sub- terminal series of white dots ; an interrupted white terminal line : cilia white, barred with dark fuscous, with interrupted blackish antemedian line. Hindwings grey, terminally darker-suffused; cilia whitish, with dark grey subbasal line. (Plate VH. fig. 8.) 7 specimens ; 4 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; 3 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to June. MACROLEPIDOPTERA 255 (15) Scoparia loxocentra, sp. nov. $. 17 — 2 1 mm. Head white. Palpi white, with black median bar. Thorax white, a spot on shoulders and two dorsal marks black. Abdomen white, some- times light ochreous towards base of segments. Forewings ochreous-white, with a very few scattered black scales ; a rather narrow oblique black almost basal fascia, posterior edge with acute median and dorsal projections ; a narrow irregular oblique black fascia from about \ of costa to before middle of dorsum, almost interrupted (reduced to a very fine line) below middle ; orbicular and claviform small, round, black, orbicular obliquely beyond claviform, remote from preceding fascia, claviform near or in one specimen confluent with lower portion of preceding fascia ; a rather narrow irregular oblique black bar from f of costa, sometimes almost obsolete on costa, reaching half across wing, lower extremity excavated ; a rhomboidal black praetornal spot, broadest above, preceded by a black dorsal dot ; an inwardly oblique oblong black anteapical spot, preceded by a black costal dot ; an undefined triangular blackish spot in middle of termen ; a terminal series of black dots : cilia white. Hindwings grey- whitish, terminally suffused with grey, more strongly towards apex ; an obscure grey discal mark ; cilia white, round apex with faint grey line. (Plate VII. fig. 9.) 3 specimens; i Kona, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; i Kilauea, Hawaii; i Hualalai, Hawaii, at 8000 feet ; from July to September. (16) Scoparia halirrhoa, sp. nov. ^^^ 15 — 16 mm. Head ochreous-white, face black-sprinkled, antennal orbits black. Palpi black, base and tips white. Thorax ochreous-white, irregularly irrorated with black. Abdomen fuscous or pale grey, segmental margins white. Forewings ochreous-white, sprinkled with black ; a narrow angulated black almost basal fascia, followed by some black irroration ; a narrow irregular oblique black fascia from I of costa to before middle of dorsum, almost interrupted below middle; orbicular and claviform small, black, orbicular obliquely beyond claviform, widely remote from preceding fascia, claviform not touching fascia; discal 8-shaped, black, more or less connected with costa, halves filled with white or in one specimen upper half wholly black; an irregular rhomboidal black praetornal spot, broadest above, preceded by a black dorsal dot; two inwardly oblique black marks from costa before apex, connected together beneath and with a triangular black spot on middle of termen ; a terminal series of black partially confluent dots : cilia ochreous-white, with two interrupted blackish lines. Hindwings whitish-grey, posteriorly suff"used with grey; cilia grey-whitish, with a grey line. 3 specimens; 2 Olaa, Hawaii; i Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; in January and June. 256 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (17) Scoparia actias, sp, nov. t%. 16 — 17 mm. Head white. Palpi black, base and tips, and apex of second joint white. Thorax white, a spot on shoulders and a A-shaped dorsal mark black. Abdomen brownish-ochreous, segmental margins white. Forewings white, with some scattered black scales; a moderate irregular-edged oblique black almost basal fascia; a narrow irregular oblique black fascia from \ of costa to middle of dorsum, sharply attenuated in middle, sometimes expanded posteriorly on dorsum with black suffusion ; orbicular and claviform small, round, black, transversely placed, separate or confluent, sometimes connected separately with preceding fascia ; discal 8-shaped, black-outlined, lower half incomplete, upper touching a small black costal spot ; a rhomboidal black praetornal spot, broadest above, anterior edge sharply indented ; an inwardly oblique oblong black anteapical spot, preceded by a small black costal mark, and connected beneath with a triangular black spot on middle of termen ; a terminal series of black dots : cilia white, with a thick blackish interrupted antemedian line, tips obscurely spotted with blackish. Hindwings whitish-grey, posteriorly suffused with darker grey, with obscure pale posterior line ; a grey discal mark ; cilia whitish, with a grey line. (Plate VI I. fig. 10.) 4 specimens ; 3 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet ; i Kona, Hawaii, at 2000 feet ; in July, September, and November. (18) Scoparia melanocephala, sp. nov. ^. 17 mm. Head black, centre of face and sides of crown white. Palpi black, base and tips white. Thorax white mixed with black, anteriorly broadly black. Abdo- men brownish-ochreous, segmental margins white. Forewings ochreous-white, with some scattered black scales ; a moderate oblique black almost basal fascia, posterior edge with median and dorsal projections, followed by some black irroration ; a rather narrow^ oblique black fascia from beyond \ of costa to before middle of dorsum, almost interrupted (reduced to a fine line) towards middle ; orbicular and claviform confluent into an 8-shaped transverse black spot, connected above and below middle with preceding fascia, and in middle with postmedian bar ; a broad oblique black bar from costa at f , reaching half across wing, lower extremity excavated ; a rhomboidal black praetornal spot, broadest above ; an inwardly oblique black mark from costa at f , reaching nearly half across wing ; a rhomboidal black apical blotch, containing an oblique white mark not reaching apex ; two black dots on lower part of termen : cilia white, with an interrupted black subbasal line, and tips spotted with dark grey round apex. Hindwings whitish-grey, terminally suffused with grey ; cilia whitish, with a dark grey line becoming obsolete towards tornus. I specimen, Kona, Hawaii, at 4000 feet, in September. MA CROLEPIDOPTERA (19) Scoparia formosa Butl. 257 Scoparia jucunda, sidx. formosa Butl. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1881, p. 331. Xeroscopa formosa Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 237. $%. 17—18 mm. Head white. Palpi black, base and tips white. Thorax white, a spot on shoulders and A-shaped dorsal mark black. Abdomen ochreous, segmental margins broadly white. Forewings white or ochreous-white ; a moderate black almost basal oblique fascia, posteriorly with sharp median and longer dorsal projections, on costa generally followed by some black scales ; a narrow oblique black fascia from before 1 of costa to middle of dorsum ; orbicular and claviform confluent into an irregular pentagonal black spot, anteriorly wholly confluent with preceding fascia, posterior angle shortly produced to coalesce with postmedian bar; a thick oblique black bar from costa before f, reaching half across wing, lower extremity excavated ; a rhomboidal black praetornal spot, broadest above, preceded by a black dorsal dot ; a rhomboidal black apical blotch, preceded by a black costal dot, and containing an oblique white apical mark ; usually one or two black terminal dots below this: cilia white. Hindwings whitish-grey, terminally sufl"used with grey; cilia whitish, with a faint greyish line. 2 specimens, Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet, in May. Two others previously sent by Mr Blackburn from the same locality, at about 4000 feet. {20) Scoparia strut hias, sp. no v. t. 15— 16 mm. Head white. Palpi black, base and tips white. Thorax white, a spot on shoulders and A-shaped dorsal mark black. Abdomen light ochreous, segmental margins white. Forewings white; a thick black almost basal oblique fascia, posteriorly with sharp median and longer dorsal projections ; a narrow oblique black fascia from beyond \ of costa to beyond middle of dorsum, anterior edge with triangular central prominence, posterior with a quadrate upwards-oblique median projection, its posterior angle shortly produced to coalesce with postmedian bar ; a thick oblique black bar from costa before f , reaching half across wing, lower extremity almost circularly excavated ; a rhomboidal black praetornal spot, broadest above, upper posterior angle sometimes connected with apical blotch ; a rhomboidal black apical blotch, preceded by a black costal dot, and containing an oblique white apical mark : cilia white. Hindwings grey-whitish ; a grey discal mark, and terminal suffusion; cilia white. (Plate VII. fig. 11.) 2 specimens, Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 3000—4000 feet, in May. 258 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (21) Scoparia triacma^ sp. nov. ^$. 14 — 17mm. Head white. Palpi black, base and tips white. Thorax white, a spot on shoulders and A-shaped dorsal mark black. Abdomen ochreous- whitish or light ochreous. Forewings white ; a moderate black oblique almost basal fascia, posterior edge with sharp median and dorsal projections ; a narrow oblique black fascia from \ of costa to middle of dorsum, anterior edge somewhat concave, generally more or less prominent in middle, posterior edge with strong usually three-lobed or three-pointed median projection, lowest point seldom obsolete ; a variable oblique black bar from costa about f , reaching half across wing, lower extremity excavated ; a rhom- boidal black praetornal spot, broadest above, sometimes preceded by a black dorsal dot ; an inwardly oblique oblong black anteapical spot, sometimes preceded by a black costal dot, and tending to be connected beneath with a triangular black spot on middle of termen : cilia white. Hind wings grey-whitish, terminally suffused with grey ; cilia white, sometimes with a faint grey line. (Plate VH. fig, 12.) 17 specimens; 6 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet; 11 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to June. (22) Scoparia jucunda ButL Scoparia jucunda Butl. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vii. i88i, p. 331. Xeroscopa jucunda Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 238. t%, 14 — 17 mm. Head white. Palpi black, base and tips white. Thorax white, a spot on shoulders and central dorsal spot black. Abdomen ochreous, segmental margins whitish. Forewings white or ochreous-white, with a few scattered black scales ; a moderate oblique black almost basal fascia, posterior edge with acute median and dorsal projections ; a narrow irregular oblique black fascia from before \ of costa to about middle of dorsum ; an irregularly 8-shaped transverse black mark (representing orbicular and claviform) close beyond this, often more or less connected with it above and below middle ; a moderate or narrow irregular oblique black bar from costa before I", reaching half across wing, lower extremity excavated ; a rhomboidal black praetornal spot, broadest above, preceded by a black dorsal dot ; an inwardly oblique oblong black anteapical spot, preceded by a black costal dot, tending to be connected beneath with a triangular black spot on middle of termen ; a terminal series of black dots : cilia white. Hindwings whitish-grey, terminally suffused with grey, sometimes with faint pale darker-edged posterior line ; cilia whitish, with more or less marked grey line. 9 specimens; 8 Kona, Hawaii, at 2000 — 5000 feet; i Lanai, at 2000 feet; in February, and from June to September. MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 259 (23) Scoparia cry erodes, sp. no v. ^?. 13 — 17 mm. Head white, with black spot before antennae. Palpi black, base and apex white. Thorax white, a spot on shoulders and A-shaped dorsal mark black, in % more mixed with black. Abdomen grey, segmental margins whitish. Forewings white, with some scattered black scales, in % irregularly irrorated with black ; a moderate oblique black almost basal fascia, posterior edge with acute median and dorsal projections ; a narrow irregular curved oblique black fascia from before \ of costa to middle of dorsum ; an irregularly 8-shaped transverse black mark (representing orbicular and claviform) close beyond this, connected with it above and below middle, and connected in middle with postmedian bar ; a moderate oblique black bar from costa before f , reaching half across wing, lower extremity excavated or in % annular ; a rhomboidal black praetornal spot, broadest above, posterior edge indented, in % slenderly connected above with apical blotch ; a rhomboidal black apical blotch, preceded by a black costal dot (in % extended to indicate margin of second line on upper half), and including an oblique white apical mark ; a terminal series of black dots partially absorbed in this : cilia white, in % with blackish interrupted subbasal line. Hindwings in t pale grey, in $ grey, terminally darker-suffused ; cilia pale grey, in $ with darker basal line. (Plate VII. fig. 13.) 53 specimens ; 24 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; 29 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; from April to June. This is the only species of the genus, so f^u' as appears, which shows a notable difference in colouring between the sexes ; although this consists essentially only of an increase in the black scales of the ?, the result is sufficiendy marked and constant to allow of the sexes being mistaken for distinct species. (24) Scoparia crataea, sp. no v. ^^. 15—20 mm. Head and thorax white, much mixed or partly suffused with black. Palpi black, base and tips white. Abdomen grey, segmental margins whitish. Forewings white, irregularly irrorated with black; a moderate oblique black almost basal fascia, outer edge with acute median and subdorsal projections, often obscured by irroration ; first line clear white, edged posteriorly by a rather narrow curved oblique black fascia from before \ of costa to middle of dorsum ; a rather outwardly oblique 8-shaped black spot (representing orbicular and claviform), more or less suffusedly connected with preceding fascia and with postmedian bar ; a moderate oblique black bar from costa before f , reaching half across wing, lower extremity excavated or annular, connected beneath with apical blotch ; an irregular rhomboidal black praetornal M. F. H. ^^ 26o FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS spot, broadest above ; an irregular rhomboidal black apical blotch, enclosing a white costal strigula, and double white anteapical spot ; a terminal series of confluent black dots, partly absorbed in this : cilia white, barred with grey, with dark grey subbasal line. Hindwings grey, suffused with darker towards termen ; cilia grey-whitish, with grey basal line. 29 specimens; 23 Olaa, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; 6 Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; in January, June, July, and November. (25) Scoparia ombrodes Meyr. Xeroscopa ombrodes Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 234. ^^^ 12 — 16 mm. Head and thorax blackish mixed with whitish. Palpi blackish, base and tips whitish. Abdomen fuscous. Forewings white or ochreous-white, variably irrorated or suffusedly mixed with black ; an undefined irregular oblique almost basal fascia, narrowed on costa ; first line white, curved, oblique, edged posteriorly with blackish suffusion ; orbicular and claviform small, round, black, separate, vertically placed ; discal 8-shaped, black, connected above with costa, lower half filled with white, upper half sometimes whitish-mixed ; second line white, more or less blackish-edged anteriorly, terminal area beyond this black ; subterminal line white, connected with second in middle, interrupted above this ; a terminal series of white dots : cilia whitish, more or less barred with fuscous, with a dark fuscous antemedian line. Hindwings in t pale grey, in % grey, darker terminally ; cilia whitish or whitish-grey, with grey subbasal Hne. (Plate VH. fig. 14.) 41 specimens; 15 Kona, Hawaii, at 1500 — 4000 feet; 2 Olaa, Hawaii; 4 Lanai, at 2000 feet; 7 Molokai, at 3000 feet; 9 Waianae Mts., Oahu, at 1500 feet; 2 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; i Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; i Lihui, Kauai, at 1 500 feet ; from February to September. The two original specimens sent by Mr Blackburn were without note of locality. (26) Scoparia siderina, sp. nov. ^ $. 14 — 18 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax fuscous-grey, base of palpi white. Abdomen fuscous. Forewings rather dark shining ashy-grey ; a slender blackish subbasal fascia ; an irregular transverse blackish blotch on costa before middle, reaching half across wing, connected with dorsum by an undefined blackish line ; traces of a very undefined postmedian band of fuscous suffusion ; a small undefined blackish spot on costa at |, sometimes preceded and followed by dots of ochreous-white suffusion: cilia ashy-grey. Hindwings grey, darker terminally; cilia grey. (Plate VH. fig. 15.) 1 2 specimens ; 7 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; 4 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; i Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet ; from April to June, and in October. MA CROLEPIDOPTERA (27) Scoparia parachlora, sp. no v. 261 ?. 13—15 mm. Head, palpi, and thorax dark fuscous, mixed with pale yellowish base of palpi yellow-whitish. Abdomen grey, Forewings dark fuscous, much mixed with pale ochreous-yellowish ; a narrow interrupted blackish subbasal fascia, and a blackish spot m disc beyond this ; first line oblique, pale yellowish, edged posteriorly on upper f by an oblong blackish blotch from costa, its lower angle including claviform ; orbicular small, blackish, obliquely beyond this, separate ; discal 8-shaped, blackish- outlined on sides of upper half, otherwise litde defined ; second and subterminal lines pale yellowish, little defined, confluent in middle ; a terminal series of cloudy blackish dots : cilia grey, basal half dark grey, obscurely barred with yellow- whitish. Hindwings grey, darker posteriorly ; cilia light grey, with darker subbasal line. (Plate VII, fig. j6.) 4 specimens, Olaa; Hawaii, at 2000 feet, in June, July, and November. (28) Scoparia ianthes, sp. no v. ^?- 15—17 mm. Head orange, antennal orbits black. Palpi dark fuscous, mixed with yellowish. Thorax orange, irrorated with blackish, with whitish central patch. Abdomen whitish to light greyish-ochreous. Forewings orange, irrorated with dark fuscous or blackish ; two white basal dots ; first line white, oblique, irregular, rather remotely preceded by a less marked similar line ; orbicular sometimes repre- sented by a white dot ; an irregular angular white median spot beyond this, one angle sometimes touching it ; a smaller white spot beneath median ; upper half of discal spot represented by a white dot surrounded by blackish suffusion (sometimes obsolete), lower half by a longitudinal white mark ; a white costal mark about f ; second line white, sometimes interrupted ; subterminal white, irregular, more or less interrupted in middle, beneath this nearly approaching second line : cilia ochreous-whitish, with two interrupted fuscous lines. Hindwings grey-whitish, posteriorly greyer except on a whitish posterior line; cilia white or ochreous-whitish. (Plate VII. fig. 17.) 4 specimens ; 2 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; 2 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet; from April to June. (29) Scoparia marmarias, sp. nov. t%* 17 — 20 mm. Head orange, more or less mixed with blackish, with a white line between eyes and antennae. Palpi dark fuscous mixed with yellowish. Thorax orange, mixed with black and spotted with white. Abdomen silvery-white, F'orewings ferruginous- orange, mixed with black or dark fuscous, sometimes more or less mixed 34—2 262 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS irregularly with silvery-white ; first line silvery-white, oblique, rather irregular ; orbicular and claviform undefined, blackish, preceded and followed by silvery-white spots, orbicular rather obliquely beyond claviform ; discal represented by an undefined subquadrate spot of blackish suffusion ; a silvery-whitish costal suffusion beyond this ; second line silvery-white, much interrupted and in disc reduced to dots ; sub- terminal silvery-white, irregular, interrupted above middle and sometimes partially reduced to dots : cilia fuscous, barred with silvery-white, with an interrupted dark fuscous antemedian line. Hind wings shining fuscous- whitish, posteriorly greyish- tinged ; cilia white. 9 specimens; 8 Olaa, Hawaii ; i Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; in June, September, November, and December. {^6) Scoparia aeolias, sp. nov. ^. 17 mm. Head ferruginous, with blackish spot before antennae and central dot on crown. Palpi ferruginous, somewhat mixed with dark fuscous. Thorax ferru- ginous, mixed with whitish and black. Abdomen pale ochreous, segmental margins whitish. Forewings ferruginous, irrorated with black ; first line slender, irregular, oblique, silvery-white, preceded by a less marked similar line ; orbicular and claviform roundish, black, separate, preceded and followed by irregular silvery-white spots, orbicular obliquely beyond claviform ; discal undefined, 8-shaped, mostly suffused with black, with a white dot in lower half ; median area mixed with silvery-white suffusion towards dorsum ; a silvery-white costal spot about | ; second and subterminal lines silvery-white, confluent in middle, somewhat interrupted : cilia white, barred with fuscous (imperfect). Hindwings whitish-grey, terminally grey-suffused ; cilia white. I specimen, in only moderate condition, Oahu, at 2000 feet, in April. (31) Scoparia nect arias y sp. nov. ?. 16 — 19 mm. Head pale ochreous-yellowish, sprinkled with dark fuscous. Palpi pale yellowish, mixed with dark fuscous. Thorax yellow-whitish, patagia pale yellowish mixed with dark fuscous. Abdomen grey or pale grey, segmental margins white. Forewings light ochreous-yellow, closely irrorated with dark fuscous ; first line white, very oblique, indented in middle, rather remotely preceded by a little-defined similar line ; orbicular and claviform blackish, dot-like, claviform touching first line beneath, preceded and followed by small white spots, orbicular obliquely beyond claviform, sometimes whitish-centred or preceded by a white dot, separated from discal by a white spot ; discal spot represented by two white dots connected by a blackish suffusion ; second and subterminal lines well-marked, white, more or less confluent MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 263 in middle: cilia white, somewhat mixed with fuscous towards tips, with a blackish or dark yellowish-fuscous antemedian line. Hindwings pale grey, becoming darker posteriorly, sometimes with faint whitish posterior line ; cilia whitish-grey or whitish, with more or less marked dark grey subbasal line. (Plate V 11. fig. 18.) 5 specimens ; 4 Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet ; i Lanai, at 2000 feet; in January. {^2)'2) Scoparia bucolica, sp. no v. ^. 17 — 20 mm. Head and thorax yellowish-fuscous, somewhat whitish-sprinkled. Palpi dark fuscous, base and tips whitish. Abdomen fuscous, mixed or suffused with whitish. Forewings yellowish-fuscous, irrorated with whitish, sometimes much suffused with ochreous-yellowish, more or less sprinkled with black, veins posteriorly sometimes marked with black lines ; basal area with irregular median blackish streak, and two blackish dashes towards dorsum ; first line somewhat curved, oblique, whitish, posteriorly strongly edged with black suffusion; claviform moderate, roundish, black, confluent with this suffusion; orbicular annular, pardy oudined with black, connected with discal by a streak or spot of whitish suffusion ; discal 8-shaped, little defined, towards middle much suffused with black ; second line whitish, well-defined, nearer termen than usual ; subterminal cloudy, whitish, confluent with • second in middle, sometimes obsolete ; a terminal series of cloudy blackish marks : cilia whitish, mixed with fuscous, with darker fuscous antemedian line. Hindwangs whitish-grey, terminally grey-suffused ; cilia whitish, with grey subbasal line. 3 specimens, Molokai, at 4000 — 4500 feet, from June to August. (33) Scoparia pyrseutisy sp. no v. ?. 16 — 19 mm. Head and thorax whidsh, more or less mixed or irrorated with dark fuscous. Palpi fuscous, base and tips whitish. Abdomen fuscous, segmental margins whitish-suffused. F^orewings whitish, finely sprinkled with fuscous and blackish, sometimes partly tinged with ochreous-yellow suffusion ; first line rather strongly oblique, straight, white, rather remotely preceded by a similar fainter line, and posteriorly edged with darker suffusion ; a short black mark beyond this above middle ; claviform elongate, black, touching posterior margin of first line ; orbicular small, black, somewhat transverse, obliquely beyond claviform, separated from discal by a whitish spot ; discal 8-shaped, litde defined, lower half whitish, upper half laterally edged with black ; second line white, tolerably defined ; subterminal cloudy, whitish, ill-defined, approximated to second in middle ; a terminal series of dark fuscous or blackish dots : cilia whitish, faintly barred with fuscous, with two interrupted or little marked dark fuscous lines. Hindwings whitish, terminally grey-suffused ; cilia white. 2 specimens, Kona, Hawaii, at 3000 — 6000 feet, in August and October. 264 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS (34) Scoparia erebochalca, sp. nov. t%. 15 — 1 6 mm. Head and thorax shining coppery, sometimes purplish-tinged. Palpi coppery-fuscous, base white. Abdomen ochreous-grey. Forewings shining ferruginous-coppery, irrorated with dark fuscous, sometimes purple-shining, sprinkled with whitish ; no defined markings, but second and subterminal lines sometimes indicated with white scales : cilia light coppery-fuscous, somewhat whitish-sprinkled, sometimes whitish-barred and with dark fuscous subbasal line. Hindwings pale grey, coppery-tinged, terminally grey-suffused ; cilia whitish, with grey subbasal line. 9 specimens; 7 Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; 2 Kilauea, Hawaii; in August and December. (35) Scoparia oenopis^ sp. nov. ^?. 18 — 23 mm. Head dark fuscous, sometimes ochreous-tinged, with a white line between eyes and antennae. Palpi dark fuscous, base white. Thorax dark coppery-fuscous, sprinkled or spotted with white. Abdomen grey or whitish-grey. Forewings dark orange-fuscous, more or less sprinkled irregularly with silvery-white ; first line slender, oblique, silvery-white ; orbicular, claviform, and discal spot sometimes indicated by darker suffusion, orbicular rather obliquely beyond claviform, claviform touching first line ; a median band of silvery-white irroration ; a costal spot of white suffusion at f ; second line silvery-white, more or less interrupted and undefined ; subterminal silvery-white, irregular, undefined ; a terminal series of white dots : cilia fuscous, barred with white, with dark fuscous antemedian line. Hindwings light fuscous or whitish-fuscous, darker terminally; cilia whitish, with a fuscous line. (Plate VH. fig. 19.) 6 specimens; 3 Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet; 2 Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; I Molokai, at 3000 feet; in April, May, June, and December. (36) Scoparia nyctombra, sp. nov. $. 17 — 18 mm. Head dark fuscous, ferruginous-tinged. Palpi rather dark fuscous, ferruginous-tinged, base whitish. Thorax dark fuscous, somewhat sprinkled with ferruginous and whitish. Abdomen rather dark fuscous. Forewings ferruginous- orange, much mixed with dark fuscous ; irregularly scattered groups of white scales, indicating first, second, and subterminal lines, and some markings in disc, but all undefined : cilia fuscous, basal fourth dark fuscous spotted with white, tips spotted with whitish. Hindwings rather dark fuscous, darker terminally ; cilia fuscous, with a darker basal line. 2 specimens, Molokai, at 4500 feet, in September. MA CROLEPIDOPTERA 265 {n) Scoparia clonodes, sp. nov. ^?. 18 — 23 mm. Head dark fuscous, with a white line above eyes. Palpi dark fuscous, basal joint white. Thorax dark fuscous, somewhat whitish-sprinkled. Abdomen grey, segmental margins narrowly whitish, Forewings dark fuscous, irrorated with white, sometimes tinged or partially suffused with ferruginous-ochreous, veins posteriorly sometimes streaked with black ; first line very obscure, pale, oblique, curved, somewhat indented in middle, preceded by a similar line, and edged posteriorly with blackish suffusion ; orbicular and claviform blackish, round, separate, claviform sometimes rather large, orbicular rather obliquely beyond claviform ; discal 8-shaped, blackish, filled up with ochreous, more or less connected with costa ; second line pale, very obscure, anteriorly edged with blackish suffusion ; space between second and subterminal lines blackish-suffused ; subterminal line whitish, distinct or sometimes obscure, touching second in middle ; a terminal series of white dots : cilia whitish, obscurely barred with grey, with dark fuscous antemedian line. Hindwings pale grey, slightly yellowish- tinged, suffused posteriorly with fuscous ; cilia ochreous-whitish, with a grey line. (Plate VII. fig. 20.) 13 specimens, Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet, in May. The conspicuously marked spots distinguish this from the next species. (38) Scoparia thyellopis, sp. nov. ^$. 15 — 18 mm. Head dark fuscous or black, with a white line above eyes, and a more or less marked white central line on crown. Palpi dark fuscous, basal joint white. Thorax dark fuscous or black, sprinkled with white. Abdomen light ochreous, segmental margins narrowly whitish, sometimes with ferruginous-tinged antemedian band. Forewings fuscous or brown, somewhat tinged with purplish or coppery, mixed or sometimes much suffused with dark fuscous or blackish, and sprinkled with white ; first, second, and subterminal lines indicated by white irroration, usually undefined, little marked, first oblique, curved, sharply indented in middle, sometimes edged posteriorly with dark suffusion, subterminal approximated to second in middle ; orbicular and claviform round, dark fuscous, separate, litde marked, orbicular rather obliquely beyond claviform ; discal 8-shaped, dark fuscous, usually hardly traceable or only by dark central suffusion, sometimes with whitish dot in lower half; a terminal series of white dots : cilia whitish, barred with fuscous, with dark fuscous antemedian line. Hindwings pale fuscous or grey, somewhat darker posteriorly ; cilia grey-whitish, with a fuscous subbasal line. 28 specimens; 16 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet; 8 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 266 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 4000 feet ; i Waianae Mts., Oahu ; 3 Lanai, at 3000 feet ; from April to July. Differs from the preceding by the smaller size, somewhat narrower forewings, the frequent presence of a distinct white central line on crown, and the indistinctness of the normal spots, which are often almost obsolete. (39) Scoparia me lie Moray sp. no v. ^ $. 15 — 20 mm. Head pale yellowish, with a blackish spot before antennae. Palpi black, tips and apex of basal joint yellow- whitish. Thorax pale yellowish, more or less sprinkled with dark fuscous, a spot on shoulders and central dorsal spot blackish. Abdomen silvery-grey, segmental margins whitish. Forewings pale ochreous-yellow, sprinkled with black ; a moderate oblique black almost basal fascia ; first line pale yellow, very oblique, edged anteriorly by an irregular black line narrowly separated from edge of basal fascia, and posteriorly by a thicker black line or slender fascia ; orbicular and claviform black, dot-like, claviform confluent with posterior edge of first line, orbicular obliquely beyond claviform ; discal 8-shaped, black, more or less connected by suffusion with costa, upper half pale-centred or wholly black, lower half filled with pale yellowish ; a small blackish mark on costa at f ; an inwardly oblique oblong black anteapical spot, more or less connected beneath with a triangular black spot on middle of termen ; a rhomboidal black praetornal spot, broadest above, posterior edge sharply indented, with a triangular black terminal mark entering the indentation : cilia whitish, with two more or less marked interrupted lines, first blackish, second cloudy grey. Hindwings whitish-grey, termen grey-suffused ; cilia whitish, with grey subbasal line. (Plate VII. fig. 21.) 139 specimens; 91 Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet; 47 Olaa, Hawaii; i Kona, Hawaii, at 2000 feet ; in January, June, July, September, and December. (40) Scoparia zophochlora, sp. nov. ^ $. 18—20 mm. Head yellowish-fuscous, with a dark fuscous spot before antennae. Palpi dark fuscous, somewhat mixed with pale scales. Thorax dark fuscous, mixed with pale yellowish. Abdomen fuscous, segmental margins whitish- mixed, Forewings dark fuscous, somewhat sprinkled with pale yellowish ; first line very oblique, somewhat sinuate, pale ochreous-yellow, preceded by a less marked similar line ; orbicular and claviform indicated by blackish suffusion, claviform touching first line beneath, orbicular obliquely beyond claviform, preceded by a more or less marked yellow-whitish dot, and separated from discal by an irregular yellow-whitish spot ; discal 8-shaped, blackish, lower half filled with pale ochreous-yellow ; lower half of median area much suffused with pale yellowish ; second and subterminal lines pale MACROLEPIDOPTERA 267 ochreous-yellow, well-marked, confluent in middle: cilia fuscous-whitish, barred with fuscous, with an interrupted dark fuscous antemedian line. Hindwings grey, darker terminally; cilia grey, more whitish basally, with a dark grey subbasal Hne. 2 specimens, Molokai, at 4500 feet, in June and September, (41) Scoparia kawaiensis Butl. Scoparia kawaiensis Butl. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vii. 1881, p. ^^^o. Xeroscopa kawaiensis Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 235. dark fuscous, base whitish, apex more or less mixed with whitish. Abdomen pale whitish-ochreous. Forewings white, finely irrorated with brownish-ochreous ; a very short fine blackish subcostal dash from base, sometimes obsolete ; first line whitish, almost obsolete, curved, very oblique, indented in middle, followed by a dark fuscous mark towards dorsum, and usually two or three dots of dark fuscous suffusion towards costa ; a dark fuscous dot indicating orbicular, remote from first line ; claviform obsolete ; discal indicated by a short dark fuscous dash and two dark fuscous dots above it ; second and subterminal lines very faint or obsolete ; a terminal series of indistinct dark fuscous dots : cilia whitish, with an indistinct brownish-ochreous antemedian line. Hindwings whitish-fuscous; cilia whitish, with a faint fuscous subbasal line. (Plate VH, fig. 28.) 33 specimens; 8 Mts. Waimea, Kauai, at 4000 feet; 16 Kaholuamano, Kauai, at 4000 feet ; 6 Olaa, Hawaii; 3 Hilo, Hawaii, at 2000 feet ; in January, from April to July, September and December. (57) Scoparia venosa Butl. Scoparia venosa Butl. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) vii. 1881, p. 332. Xeroscopa venosa Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1888, p. 233. ^%, 16 — 22 mm. Head and thorax white, sprinkled with fuscous. Palpi dark fuscous, base and tips white. Abdomen light ochreous-grey, segmental margins whitish. Forewings very narrow, fuscous, more or less mixed with blackish ; all veins marked by more or less defined white streaks ; normal lines and spots hardly perceptible or wholly obsolete : cilia white with dark fuscous antemedian and fuscous MA CROLEPIDOP TERA 275 subapical lines. Hindwings pale whitish-fuscous, termen somewhat darker-suffused; cilia whitish, with fuscous subbasal line. 6 specimens; 2 Kona, Hawaii, at 4000 feet; 2 Kilauea, Hawaii; 2 Haleakala, Maui, at 5000 feet ; in May, July to September, November, December. Mr Black- burn^s examples were from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, at 4000 feet. PYRALIDIDAE. Pyralis Linn. Cilia of forewings yellow ( j) mauritialis, ,, „ not yellow {2) jnanihotalis. (i) Pyralis mauritialis Boisd. 6 specimens, Lihui, Kauai. One of these is stated to have been bred by G. C. Munro from a larva feeding in the old nest of a wasp of the genus Polistes {Vespidae), The species occurs in Australia, the Malay Archipelago, China, India, and S. Africa, but I am not aware that the larval habit has been previously noticed. (2) Pyralis manihotalis Guen. Pyralis achatina Butl. Ent. Mo. Mag. xiv. p. 49. Asopia gerontialis Walk., Meyr. Trans. Ent. Soc, Lond. 1888, p. 212. I specimen, Honolulu, Oahu. Doubtless Mr Blackburn*s types were from the same place. The species ranges through the tropical regions of Australia, the Malay Archipelago, S. Asia, Africa, and S. America. M. F. H. 36 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IIL (VOL. I.) MACROLEPIDOPTERA. Illustrating Variation in Colour. Fig. I. Leucania eudtdias, Male; i a, Leucania eudidias^ Female; i ^ to i ^, front wings of varieties of Leucania eudidias. Fig. 2. Nesamiptis obsoleta ; 2 a to 2^, front wings of varieties of Nesamiptis obsoleta. Fig. 3. Eucymatoge monticolans ; 3 « to 3 /, front wings of varieties of Eucymatoge monticolans. Fig. 4. Scotorythra pachyspila^ Male; 4a to 4^/, front wings of varieties of Scotorythra pachyspila. Fig. 5. Scotorythra rara^ Male; 5a to 5^, front wings of varieties of Scotorythra rara. All natural size. ^sgf?' r.}3. ■ * r W '■-f'' */ 'w%iy- .-.^'/ :b DESCRIPTION OF PLATE IV. (VOL. I.) MACROLEPIDOPTERA. Fig. I. Leucania anthracias. Fig. 2. L, compsias. Fig. 3- L, pyrrhias. Fig. 4. Agrotis microreas. Fig. 5- A. panoplias. Fig. 6. A. aulacias. Fig, 7. A, xiphias. Fig. 8. A, spoderopa. Fig. 9- A. epicremna. Fig. 10. A, neurogramma. Fig. II. A, psammophaea. Fig. 12. Hypenodes epichalca. Fig. 13- H, cyanias. Fig. 14. H, oxygramma. Fig. 15- Nesamiptis plagiota. Fig. 16. Cosmophila noctivolans. Fig. 17- Eucymatoge scoriodes. Fig. 18. E. staurophragma. Fig. 19. E, niphoreas. Fig. 20. E, rkodopyra. Fig. 21. E, orichloris. Fig. 22. Hydriomena aphoristis. Fig. 23. Xanthorhoe wxantha. Fig. 24. X, leucoxyla. Fig. 25- Progonostola cremnopis. Fig. 26. Dasyuris holombra. Fig. 27. Sisyrophyta gomphias. Fig. 28. Scotorythra syngonopa. Fig. 29. S. aruraea. Fig. 30' S, trapezias. Fig. 31- S. idolias. Fig. 32. S, demetrias. ^ ?:|1%|t|^|f^ &*f?»ilS ^P' ;l|/..i. m^^ 1^* i '^W' ii^i^ toMi?. tffe^' ^1^ a^^l?^ :|%ffii ^^HP ^0 #4^^ ^^:^^^^^,..# mW m0 I DESCRIPTION OF PLATE V. (VOL. I.) MACROLEPIDOPTERA. Fig. I. Scotorythra ortharcha $, Fig. 2. S. macrosoma $, Fig. 3- S, brachytarsa $, Fig. 4. 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