EARLY REFERENCES TO HAWAIIAN
ENTOMOLOGY

BY
J. F. ILLINGWORTH

Bernice p. Bishop Museum
Bulletin 2

honolulu^ hawaii

Published by the Museum

1923

A V

< ^ '^ '-^

Early References To Hawaiian Entomology

By J. F. Illingworth

INTRODUCTION

While examining the narratives of the early voyages of the Pacific, I
came across several entomological references so interesting that I decided
to extend the search and present the results in a form more readily avail-
able to workers in this field.

As the investigation proceeded, references multiplied so rapidly that
I decided to call a halt with the year 1900, as the numerous papers ap-
pearing since that time are fairly well known.

In preparing the bibliography an effort has been made to examine all
available printed matter dealing directly or indirectly with Hawaii, but it
is not unlikely that some references have been overlooked, especially in the
earlier writings of the missionaries.

It is a pleasure to acknowledge the assistance received — particularly in
regard to the more recent publications — ^from the published bibliography
by D. L. Van Dine (224)^ and from the card catalogues that have been
gradually built up in Hawaiian institutions.

The subject of the distribution of organisms, especially in the Pacific,
has a most important bearing upon our life here in the Hawaiian islands.
Among insects, practically all of our pests have gradually arrived along
the lines of commerce; and even now, with our strict quarantine system,
new ones continue to gain an entrance every year.

Hence, such a review of the literature is especially interesting and valu-
able, because it aids in determining the time of introduction and also the
distribution of the various organisms found in Hawaii.

DISCUSSION OF THE LITERATURE
In reviewing the written history of these islands, I naturally began with
the account of the voyages of Captain Cook (2), who discovered the Ha-
waiian islands in 1778. Diligent search failed to locate any reference to
insects, although dogs, hogs, rats, and birds are mentioned. However, in
a separate narrative, WiUiam ElUs, the assistant surgeon of this voyage of
1778, indicates clearly that at least house flies were troublesome. In de-
scribing the natives, ElHs says (i, Vol. II, p. 156),

They have also a kind of fly-flap, made of a bunch of feathers fixed to the
end of a thm piece of smooth and polished wood; they are generally made of the

*The references in parentheses refer to works listed in the bibliography on
pages 19 to 50.

4 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

tail feathers of the cock but the better sort of people have them of the tropick
birds' feathers, or those belonging to a black and yellow bird called Mo-ho. The
handle is very frequently made of the bones of the arm or leg of those whom they
have killed in battle, curiously inlaid with tortoise-shell; these they deem very val-
uable and will not part with them under great price. This ornament is common to
superiors of both sexes.

Later, Captain Nathaniel Portlock referred to these brushes (4, p. 88)

when describing the supplies purchased from the natives:

Curiosities, too, found their way to market and I purchased two very curious
fly- flaps, the upper part composed of very beautiful variegated feathers; the handles
were human bone, inlaid with tortoise-shell in the neatest manner which gave them
the appearance of fineered (veneered) work.

Captain George Dixon, who was associated with Portlock refers to
these objects (3, p. 272) as follows:

Fans and fly-flaps are used by both sexes . . . The fly-flaps are very
curious ; the handles are decorated with alternate pieces of wood and bone which
at a distance has the appearance of fineered work; the upper part or flap is the
feathers of the man-of-war bird.

Vancouver, also, mentions fly~ilaps (6, Vol. Ill, p. 42) for the dispersal
of offending insects ; but makes no further references to entomology.

Apparently, the first entomological work in Hawaii was done by Doctor
Johann Friedrich Eschscholtz, who at the age of 22, in the capacity of
physician and naturalist, accompanied the Russian explorer Otto von Kotze-
bue on his first voyage. This brilliant student, upon his return to his
native country was appointed professor of anatomy and afterwards direc-
tor of the zoological museum of the university at the University of Dorpat,
his native city. Kotzebue himself, though only an intelligent sailor, makes
several interesting allusions (7, Vol. I, p. 306) to the fauna of the group:

"The chief employment of the royal ladies consists in smoking tobacco,
combing their hair, driving away the flies with a fan and eating." Speak-
ing of the king's daughter (7, Vol. I, p. 307), he says: "Behind her stood
a little negro boy, holding a silk umbrella over her head to protect her
from the rays of the sun ; two other boys with tufts of red feathers, drove
away the flies from her." And in describing how the sailors were enter-
tained at dinner ashore, Kotzebue (7, Vol. I, p. 311) relates: "Each of
them had, like us, a kanaka standing behind him with a tuft of red feathers
to drive away the flies." Finally he speaks more directly of the fauna
(7, Vol. Ill, p. 237), "The only original wild quadrupeds of the Sandwich
Islands are a small bat and the rat. To these is added our common mouse,
besides the flea, some species of Blatta and other noxious parasites."

In the appendix of the third volume of the narrative of Kotzebue's
voyage (7, p. 376) is the description by Eschscholtz of our native Ha-
waiian butterfly, Vanessa tameamea and descriptions of all the new butter-
flies collected in the various countries visited. The other orders of in-

Illingworth — Barly references to Hawaiiam entomology 5

sects, taken during the voyage, were described later in separate papers, of

which the most important are his "Entomographien" (8).

A missionary, James Montgomery, states that the boat used by his party

swarmed with cockroaches at the time of its arrival in Hawaii (1822)

(15, Vol. I, p. 365). In describing a gathering at a mission service, he

says (15, Vol. I, p. 417), "... members of the royal family had

servants in attendance with fly-flaps and fans of peacock's feathers to

cool their faces and drive away the troublesome insects." He says also

(15, Vol. I, p. 434):

There are no mosquitoes here; neither are there any bugs. When the latter
are brought on shore in bedding or packages from shipboard, they presently die;
the climate of the Society Islands is equally fatal to them. Flies are very numerous
and annoying, . . . The few spiders, moths and dragon flies which we have
seen, much resemble those of the South Sea Islands.

In referring to the table manners of the natives, Montgomery (Vol. I,

p. 472) writes:

When a common fly was found drowned in their messes, they seemed at once
to grow sick and turn away their faces with no equivocal expression of utter
loathing. Flies, indeed, may be said to be an abomination with these savages —
probably from some superstitious prejudice, for vermin far more disgusting are
greedily picked by them from their own bodies — nay, from the very dogs — and
devoured.

Gilbert F. Mathison, an English traveler, also remarked upon the
troublesome house flies. In speaking of the chiefs in their home life
(9, p. 365), he says he found "some asleep, some fanning away the flies
. . , " He further states that the queen at the mission service "was
attended by several female servants, carrying fly-fans'' (9, p. 378). When
dining with the natives, he notes (9, p. 401), "One brushed away
the flies . . J'

C. S. Stewart, a London missionary who spent several years in the
islands, also made reference (11, p. 153) to these annoying insects, de-
scribing the natives as "eating poe surrounded by swarms of flies . . ."
Further, in referring to the unsanitary conditions and skin diseases of the
people, he remarked the prevalence of head-lice, saying:

Dozens may, at any time, be seen sporting among the decorated locks of
ignoble heads; while, not infrequently, a privileged few wend their way through
the garlands of princes of the blood, or trimuphantly mount the coronets of majesty
itself.

As to the servants of the chiefs and the common people, we think ourselves
fortunate indeed, if, after a call of a few minutes, we do not find living testimonies
of their visit, on our mats and floors, and even on our clothes and persons ! The
bare relation of the fact, without the experience of it, is sufficiently shocking. But
the half is not told ; and, I scarce dare let the truth, here, run to its climax. The
lower classes not only suffer their heads and tapas to harbour these vermin ; but
they openly and unblushingly eat them! Yet so fastidious are they in point of
cleanliness, than an emetic could scarce be more efficaciously administered than to
cause them to eat from a dish in which a fly had been drowned! So much for
the force of custom, and the power of habit!

6 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

In 1824, Kotzebue made a second voyage to the Hawaiian islands and
was accompanied, as before, by the naturaUst, Professor Eschscholtz.
Again this navigator remarked on the house flies, which were evidently
abundant. He states, ''Two young girls lightly dressed, sat cross-legged
by the side of the queen, flapping away the flies with bunches of feathers,"
and that the queen ate, "Whilst two boys flapped away the flies with large
bunches of feathers" (13, Vol. II, p. 207).

In the appendix of this second volume, Eschscholtz (13, Vol. II, p. 357)

alludes to the entomological n:aterial collected in the Hawaiian islands :

The number of insects is small, as is indeed the case with all land animals; it
is therefore creditable to our industry, that we were able to muster twenty sorts' of
beetles. A small Platymts is the only Carabide; in the water, two Colymbetes and a
Hydrophilus were found. The only Hlater belongs to a species (Agrypnus N) in
which we reckon various specimens found only in the old world, such as Blater
tormentosus, fuscipes, senegalensis, etc. ; beetles which have two deep furrows in
the lower part of the neck-shield, to receive the feelers, and which go in search of
their food at night. They resemble many of the European springing beetles cov-
ered with scales and included by Megerle under the name Lepidotus ; such are
fasciatus, murimus, varius. Two Aphodii were found ; one of the size of the
Psammodius porcalus, but very flat, lives under the bark of a decayed tree, the
wood of which has become soft. Another has the almost prickly shoulders of the
Aphodius sterc orator and asper; of these we form the species stenocnemis and in-
clude therein four new varieties found in Brazil and Luzon. It may be here
observed that Psammodius sabuleti and cylindricus N, must be classed with Aegialia
which, on account of the horny nature of the jaws, and the projection of the upper
lip, enter into the same class with the Trox; the remaining kinds of Psammodius,
however, do not at all agree with the chara.cter given them by Gyllenhal, and ought
in their turn to be classed with Aphodius. Among the remaining beetles, all of
which dwell under the bark of trees, a Parandra was the largest.

A few remarks on the various beetles mentioned by Eschscholtz will
not be out of place here. The carabid, pla\tynus, is probably one of the
numerous small native Hawaiian species of Anchomenus. The two Colym-
betes are undoubtedly our Coplatus pmvulus (Esch.) and Rhantus paciH-
cus (Esch.) ; possibly both introduced very early. The hydrophylid was
later described by Eschschlotz as Hydrophilus semicylindricus, though it
is now placed in the genus Hydrobius. Blackburn considered it an immi-
grant. The elatrid, Agrypnus N., is undoubtedly the Agrypnus modestus,
MacL., which is now placed in the genus Adelocera, This species is said
to be widely distributed in Polynesia and elsewhere. I have had more diffl-
culty in trying to place the two Aphodii mentioned. It is hard to say what
the flattened species is ; but the one with the ''almost prickly shoulders"
is probably Ataenius sterc orator Fab. This widely distributed species,
Blackburn states, is not rare in the neighborhood of Honolulu, yet no
specimens of it are in the Hawaiian collections.

Finally, the cerambycid, Parandra, is undoubtedly Parandra puncticeps
Sharp, which Blackburn and Sharp (120) state is closely alHed to a species
occurring in the Philippine Islands.

ingzvorth — Early references to Hawaiian entomology 7

Lord Byron, though on a mission of mercy to the Hawaiian Govern-
ment, spent some time during 1825 in exploration. In his narrative there
are a few interesting references to the fauna and flora of the Hawaiian
group. Andrew Bloxam, an enthusiastic student just out of Oxford, was
naturahst on the voyage and though a botanist by preference, he collected
many zoological specimens during the eighteen months spent in Hawaii.
This material was deposited in the British Museum. Probably based on
information supplied by Bloxam, Lord Byron (10, p. 252) states:

We met with only one Papilio, which Kotzebue has described under the name
Vanessa tamehameha (tameamea). We caught one sphinx moth; brown, with a
purple stripe on each side of its body, which glitters in the sun. There are several
minute moths, several varieties of Libellula (dragon-flies), one species of Cicada,
a black earwig, a wood spider and innumerable fleas.

It would be interesting to know what the cicada mentioned is, also the
sphinx ; no moth answering that description is in the Hawaiian collections.

Captain F, W. Beechey (14), an English explorer, who visited Hawaii
in 1826 and 1827, apparently made no reference to the insect fauna, though
his remarks (14, Vol. II, pp. 100 and 112) on the first export of a cargo of
sugar to California are of interest, considering the prominence which the
sugar industry has now attained.

In the Reminiscences of Rev. Sereno Edward Bishop I found two inter-
esting references. Describing the customs of the chief, Bishop says: (16,

p. 30) :

Objects much in evidence among the natives, when visiting or at^ meetings as
well as in their homes were their fans, and their fly brushes or kahilis. The fans
were made from the ends of young coconut leaves. The broad end being elastic,
threw the air far more efficiently than the stiff fans now commonly braided. Get
an old-fashioned native fan for comfortable use. Small fly-brushes were used by all
the people. They were about four feet long, the upper half of the stick having the
tail feathers of fowls tied on. The kahilis of the chiefs were larger and more
elaborate. The long handles were often beautifully encased with tubes and rings of
human bone and whale-tooth, also turtle shell, all finely polished. A high-chief
always had two or more attendants armed with such fly-brushes.

In discussing (p. 37) the destruction of the trees of the islands, Bishop

remarks ;

About i860, a minute insect called "red spider" came to infest the under-side of
the leaves to such an extent as in the course of a year to destroy every kou tree,
not only in Lahaina, but throughout the group. The timber of the dead trees was
cut and used for furniture, much being sent to Germany. The chiefs great cala-
bash bowls of kou are now rare and choice. Young trees of the species exist here
and there. The trees have always succumbed to the insect pest before attaining
any considerable size.

"Moolele Hawaii," written about 1832 by David Malo, a native, has
interesting references (17, p. 65). Malo says:

The following are the flying things (birds, manu) that are not eatable : The
o~peapea or bat, the pinao or dragon-fly, the okai, (a butterfly), the lepe-lepe-ahina
(a moth or butterfly), the pu-lele hua (a butterfly), the nalo, or common house-fly,

8 Bernice P, Bishop Museum — Bulletin

the nalopaka or wasp. None of these creatures are fit to be eaten. The uhini or
grasshopper, however, is used as food.

The following are wild creeping things; the mouse or rat, (iole), the makaula
(a species of dark lizard), the elelu, or cockroach, the poki-poki (sow-bug), the
koe (earthworm), the lo (a species of long black bug with sharp claws) the aha
or ear-wig, the puna-wele-wele or spider, the lalana (a species of spider), the nuhe
or caterpillar, the poko (a species of worm or caterpillar), the nao-nao or ant, the
WW (a brown-black bug or beetle that bores into wood), the kua-paa (a worm that
eats vegetables), the uku-poo or head-louse, the uku-kapa or body louse.

Wihence comes these little creatures? From the soil no doubt, but who knows?

Speaking of the animals imported from foreign lands during the time

of Kamehameha I and as late as the time of Kamehameha III, Malo

(17, p. 66), after enumerating those valuable for food continues:

There are also some flying things that are not good for food: such as' the
mosquito (makika), the small roach (elelu liilii), the large flat cockroach (elelu-
papa), the flea (ukulele, jumping louse). The following are things that crawl: the
rabbit, or iole-lapaki, which makes excellent food, the rat or iole- nui, the mouse or
iole-liilii, the centipede (kanapi) the moo-niho-awa (probably the scorpion for there
are no serpents in Hawaii). These things are late importations; the number of
such things will doubtless increase in the future.

This prophecy has been abundantly fulfilled, for even now with our
efficient quarantine, new organisms frequently gain entrance.

F. D. Bennet, an English naturalist, who came to the Pacific primarily
to investigate the anatomy and habits of the whales of the Southern Pacific
and to collect natural history material, discusses the insect fauna of Hawaii
(24, p. 252) as follows:

Insects are not more numerous here than at the Society Islands; they present,
also, nearly the same genera, and are equally remarkable for the apparent addition
of many exotic kinds to those few which were found on the soil by our navigators
when this archipelago was first discovered. Together with some smaller butter-
flies, we find at Oahu a Venessa, closely resembling the V. atalanta of Europe; as
well as a second species, differing in no appreciable respect from V. cardui; and
as the habitat of the latter insect is the thistle in the northern parts of the globe,
so here the analogous species resorts to the prickly foliage of the Argemone Mexi-
cana. A hawk-moth, (Sphinx pungens) similar to that inhabiting the Society Islands,
is very common on the pastures in the vicinity of the coast. Its larva is large, of
a green colour with longitudinal and oblique lilac bands on the sides, and has the
characteristic horn on the back. The habits of the perfect insect are similar to
those of the humming bird, hawk-moth, Sphinx macroglossum. It flies by day,
and appears to seek the warmth and brightness of the noontide sun ; and flitting
from flower to flower, on which it seldom alights, it drains the nectar from the
blossoms with its proboscis as it floats in the air with a rapid, vibratory motion of
the wings. On one occasion, when I was endeavouring to capture this coqueting
insect, a native came to my assistance and undertook the task in his own way :
gathering two of the elegant blue convolvulus flowers around which the moth had
been fluttering, and holding one in each hand in an inviting position, he cautiously
approached or followed the insect to tempt it within his reach. The active but
stealthy movements of the young and scantily-clad islander, as he pursued his shy
game over the plains; the seducing attitudes he assumed, and the insinuating man-
ner in which he presented the flowers to the moth when opportunities offered, afforded
a very ludicrous scene. Although the exertions of my entomological friend were
at this time fruitless, I have often seen the plan he adopted successfully employed
by other natives ; the hawk-moth, approaching the proffered blossoms, protrudes its
long proboscis, which is seized with the fingers and the creature secured.

Illingworth — Early references to Hawaiian entomology 9

The insects we noticed here, though not at any of the other Polynesian Islands
we visited, were large tarantula spiders, {Lycosa Sp.) the millipede or wood-louse,
(Oniscus asellus) and centipedes, eight or ten inches long, their colour brown-
yellow, the sides and abdomen blue. The luminous centipede (Scolopendra elec-
trica) is also found in the houses at Honoruru, emitting its characteristic phosphor-
escent light, and leaving behind it a trail of luminous matter.

In a footnote Bennet gives this additional information:

Ships are, doubtless, the active, though involuntary agents in disseminating in-
sects over remote regions of the globe. After we had been at sea for several weeks,
or even months, it was not uncommon to find on board the Tuscan many kinds of
land- insects in a living state, from the hardy beetle to the delicate and more ephem-
eral butterfly, whose germs had probably been received on board together with sup-
plies of fruit and vegetables.

The statement quoted from Bennet is one of the earliest definite refer-
ences that I have been able to find bearing upon the introduction of the
cosmopolitan butterfly, Vanessa cardui Linn,, other than the unverified re-
port of four specimens sent to the British Museum, two collected by Cap-
tain Byron in 1825 and two by Captain Beechey in 1827. (See Bibliography
Nos. 27 and 65.)

Dr. Alonzo Chapin, a resident missionary, in writing on the diseases
of the Hawaiian islands in 1838, remarks (22, p. 253) upon the absence of
malaria as follows:

Before going out to the Sandwich Islands, I spent several years in our
southern states, much of the time in the low country of South Carolina; and
was, during the hot seasons of the year, accustomed to recoil at every standing
body of water, on account of the poisonous exhaltions which they there emit,
endangering the lives of every individual exposed to their influence. On my ar-
rival at the islands, I more than once made the inquiry, "why the numerous kalo
(taro) ponds are not productive of sickness." Thousands of acres are entirely
converted into ponds of standing water in which the natives cultivate their kalo,
while their houses are built on the narrow spaces between. These are never
dry, and are often so numerous as to exhaust entire rivers in keeping them filled.
I could not at once reconcile my mind to the belief of their innoxious tendency,
notwithstanding circumstances are such as to make the fact very obvious. Though
the ponds are subject to the perpetual influence of a torrid sun, they cannot be-
come putrid by reason of the continual supply of fresh water, and multitudes of
fish live and thrive in them, such is their freshness and purity.

The streams originate from springs and rain on the summits of the moun-
tains, pour down their sides with great impetuosity and after a few meanderings
are turned aside from their courses to irrigate the lands and replenish the ponds,
or are discharged directly into the sea; and I know of no body of water emitting
sufficient miasma to create sickness along its borders. I have occasionally met
with stagnant ponds, which emit a foul and offensive odour, and could in no way
satisfy myself of the reason for the exemption of the inhabitants along their
borders from fevers, but by supposing the effluvia to be diluted and rendered
inert by the continual currents of winds.

Small marshes abound but are fed by springs, and the pure mountain streams,
and are thus prevented becoming noxious. They speedily dry up during a few
weeks, absence of rain ; and the rivers also disappear unless kept alive by fre-
quent showers, and the small pools, which remain at such times and which abound
after every rainy season, do not become sufficiently putrid to exhale a fever-
generating miasm.

lO Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

If any one variety of soil has a specific power to produce malaria it does
not appear to exist at those islands. The upland soil is there formed of de-
composed lava, the lowland plains along the sea are constituted of a mixture of
alluvion washed from the mountains', and decomposed coral. Its immunity from
noxious exhalations is the same, whether parched with drought, or merely moist,
as when the evaporation is most abundant, after the rains.

The habitations of the natives are for the most part considerably scattered,
but are in a few instances crowded together in such numbers as to exhibit the
dense appearance of our large towns and villages. There is, however, through-
out, an entire exemption from those pestiferous exhalations which, so extensively,
poison the atmosphere of populous places in hot climates. All animal and vege-
table substances thrown away by the people, or cast up by the sea, are quickly
devoured by the multitudes of starving dogs and swine, so that no detriment is
experienced from their putrefaction.

With so entire an exemption from the existence of miasmata, there is also
an entire exemption from those affections induced by it. Malignant bilious
fevers do not occur, and as I shall, hereafter, have occasion more particularly to
state, derangements of the liver and biliary organs do not prevail, neither is the
stomach and intestinal canal, and other organs of the abdominal viscera subject
to the numerous and complicated affections so common in every miasmatic region.

It should be borne in mind, however, that Chapin wrote before the re-
lation of mosquitoes to malaria was known, and that probably these insects
had not become generally distributed in Hawaii at that date.

Jarves' notes {22,, p. 70) on the beginning of the silk industry in Ha-
waii are also of interest:

In 1836 Messrs. Ladd & Co. leased a portion of their land to Messrs. Peck
and Titcomb, for the purpose of cultivating the mulberry and raising silk. The;
have now upwards of forty thousand trees, which at nine months growth, are as
thrifty and forward as those of several years, in New England. As yet they
have been disappointed in obtaining the silk worm, but are daily expecting a
supply of eggs from China.

The following (23, p. 75) gives some indications of the proportions of

the new industry:

At Mouna Silika, the mulberry-plantation, 85,200 of the black mulberry
(Morus multicaulis) have been planted, and the ground and slips prepared for
many more. Many thousands of the white mulberry {Morus alba) have also
been set out. The average age of 42,000 of the former is six months, and it is
computed that they will afford thirty and a half tons of leaves, sufficient to feed
1,200,000 worms. The leaves of one tree of eight months growth, weighed three
and a half pounds, and a leaf of three months growth measured seven inches in
length. The trees that were plucked, leaved out again in six weeks so fully, that
they could not be distinguished from those in the same row which were left
unplucked. They are planted in hedge rows, ten feet apart, and two feet separate
in the row. The silkworm of the white species, which produces the finest silk,
has been received from China, but the proprietors do not intend to raise them
in numbers until the plantation is thoroughly stocked with trees, and the neces-
sary arrangements for buildings, machinery, reeling, etc., be made in the United
States, which one of the proprietors, Mr. Peck, is upon the point of visiting, for
that purpose. If the natives can be taught the art of reeling silk, this branch of
industry will be of infinite benefit to them, as the raising of cocoons is attended
with so little expense and trouble. Women and children are particularly adapted
to it, as well as old and infirm persons. Thus it will afford occupation to man>
who are incapacitated from entering into any laborious trade. The amount oi
land in the plantation is between three and four hundred acres, undulating
partly wooded, and well watered.

Illingzvorth — Barly references to Hawaiian entomology ii

These citations by James J. Jarves, who came here from Boston in

search of health in 1837, are only a prelude to his later writing on Hawaii.

In his history (25, p. ic) discussing the fauna, Jarves writes:

Insects are few, though mostly of a destructive or troublesome character.
A species of caterpillar at certain seasons destroys vegetation to a great extent,
eating even the grass to its very roots. A slug deposits its eggs in the cotton
blossoms, which, when ripe, are pierced through by the young insects, and the
staple entirely destroyed. Large spiders are very numerous and mischievous
weaving strong webs' upon shrubs and young trees, in such quantities as to check
their growth, and even impede the passage through an orchard. A species of
woodlouse fastens upon the limbs, entirely covering them, and which speedil)
exhausts the juices; and their growth is for the time effectually checked. A
black rust, firm, hard, and stiff, like strong paper, resembling soot in its appear-
ance, attacks many varieties of trees and plants, covering the bark, and even the
leaves, giving them the singular appearance of being clothed in mourning. This
causes no permanent damage, and while it disfigures fruit, does not appear seri-
ously to injure it. Rats damage the sugar-cane to a considerable extent, annually.
Though the Hawaiian agriculturist escapes many of the evils incidental to other
tropical climes, enough exist here to make his labours no sinecure. The noxious
vermin, such as mosquitoes, fleas, cockroaches, scorpions, and centipedes, are a
modern importation, and have extensively increased. The bite of the two latter
causes no perrnanent injury, and is not more injurious than the sting of a com-
mon wasp. They are very abundant about the seaports. No serpents, frogs, or
toads, have as yet reached the islands. A small lizard is common.

Later, in his Scenes and Scenery in the Hawaiian Islands, Jarves refers
to the extensive silk industry and the many difBculties that beset it. (See
28, pp. 105-112 and 164-9.)

The United States Exploring Expedition being principally a marine
investigation, hardly touched upon the land fauna of Hawaii, yet I found
two valuable references in the Races of Man by the naturalist, Charles
Pickering. Discussing animals and plants of aboriginal introduction (26,
p. 314) he says:

There are, however, uninvited attendants on human migrations ; such as, a
small species of rat, whose presence throughout Tropical Polynesia, seems nearly
universal. On some of the more remote coral islets, the presence of this animal,
proved to be the only remaining evidence of the visits of man.

On the other hand, the house fly, which so abounds at certain coral islands,
was uniformly absent from the uninhabited ones. Various other insects, have
doubtless been transferred from island to island by human means.

This, too, was probably the case with the lizards (Scincidae) ; for the
agency of drift-wood, seems insufficient to account for their universal presence.

In referring to animals and plants of European introduction, Pickering
(26, p. 333) writes:

We were informed at the Hawaiian Islands, that the centipede, was "intro-
duced five years previously from Mazatlan." It has greatly multiplied at Hono-
lulu ; and during our visit, it made its first appearance on Maui.

The house scorpion, likewise abounds at Honolulu ; and its introduction was
equally attributed to vessels from Mazatlan. The other Polynesian groups, re-
main free from the above two pests.

The natives of the Hawaiian Islands, attributed the introduction of the mos-
quito to the same quarter; and we obtained evidence of the possibility of such
an occurence, in the larva continuing on shipboard for many days after we left
Honolulu. One or more native species of mosquito, were observed at the other
Polynesian groups.

12 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

It will be noted that these observations coincide with those of all the
earlier navigators, that flies were evidently a native introduction previous
to the appearance of European ships. That the house fly, Musca domes tica
Linn., will travel long distances by small boats is now a matter of common
observation. Moreover, on this point there is the conclusive evidence by
S, C. Ball (225), who recently investigated the migration of insects over
sea, along the coast of Florida.

Since the natives in their wanderings in the Pacific previous to the
appearance of white men, evidently took along their hogs and dogs, to-
gether with coconuts and other plants, it is only natural to conclude that
flies also traveled from place to place with them.

That flies very early made their appearance in the Hawaiian islands, is
further indicated by the great development of the kahilis or fly flaps. Dr.
Brigham amplifies this point in his comprehensive review of Hawaiian
feather work (193, p. 14), in which he says:

It is probable that a bunch of feathers used as a fly-flap was the primal
form of feather work Flies (nalo) were here though not in such abundance as
found by early explorers' on other islands of the Pacific; but even for this useful
purpose the bunch of feathers was no doubt preceded by a bunch of leaves,
and the prototype of the kahili seems to have been a stem of that most useful
plant the ki (Cordyline terminalis Kunth). On many of the islands of the Pacific,
a branch of ki was the symbol of peace and on the Hawaiian islands it shared
in early times with a coconut leaf the representation of high rank ....

Very early the hand plumes became symbols of rank and on all public oc-
casions kahili bearers attended a chief, or while he ' ate or slept a kaakui brushed
away with small ones all troublesome insects. In public they were tokens; in
private fly-flaps.

Indeed, it is hardly necessary to draw upon the imagination to under-
stand the gradual development of the immense, symbolic kahilis with
shafts of twenty feet or more in length, used at funerals of royalty;
especially when it is known that small fly-flaps of similar construction
have always been waved over the body at funerals in Hawaii to keep away
these obnoxious insects.

In describing the Hawaiian fauna in 1850, Henry T. Cheever (33, pp.
105-6) says:

Not a noxious beast, reptile, or insect existed on the islands when first made
known to Europeans. Now they have mosquitoes, fleas, centipedes, and scor-
pions.

The snake, toad, bee, and all stinging insects of the latter sort are still un-
known. One would think the flea certainly indigenous, where now it is found
so much at home both with man and beast; but the natives have an amusing-
story of the first time they got ashore from a ship, through the trick of a sailor,
which is better to be imagined than told.

Whether that be true or not, the name by which they call the flea is pretty
convincing evidence that it has not been known as long as some other things.
It is called uku tele, or the jumping louse, the uku being an old s'ettler from
time immemorial, and nothing else they knew so much like the imported flea.
So they named the stranger the jumping uku: it is one of the first aboriginals

Illingworth — Early references to Hawaiian entomology 13

a traveler becomes acquainted with in going about among Hawaiians and sleep-
ing in native houses, and it is the last he is so glad to bid good-by to when he
comes away, though it is ten chances to one if they do not insist upon keeping
him company and making themselves familiar half the voyage home.

The Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society organized in 1850 did splen-
did work for several years. In the Transactions of this society I found a
number of references to entomology. William Duncan (36) suggested
good cultivation and clean culture for the eradication of insects and urged
that land adjoining sugar plantations be either kept fallow or burned to
keep away caterpillars.

Dr. Wesley Newcomb also contributed to the Transactions (37) an
interesting paper in which (p. 95) he states that Vanessa cardui was intro-
duced presumably at the same time as Argemone mexicana (poppy or
thistle) though he does not suggest the date. Among other insects, he
mentions three species of Sphynx, one of them, S. pugnans, being common
at Honolulu. Of the small moths he recognized seven species as enemies
of agriculture and gives the larval characters of the principal cut- worms.
The corn leaf-hopper, or corn-fly, he records as a serious pest at that time.
He mentions also the red spider as destructive to the leaves of many plants
and a microscopic white fly (from his description difficult to determine)
destructive to the leaves of melons. Mention, too, is made of a small
caterpillar that bores into the stalks of tobacco — undoubtedly the tobacco
split worm, Phthorimaea operculella Z. a rather serious pest in more recent
years. The description of a wormlike borer of the sweet potato suggests
the larva of our common pest, the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius
Fab. Newcomb states that he was not able to detect any true aphids, but
he recognizes that the numerous ants filling the soil play an important
part in the destruction of the larvae of pestiferious moths and of other
insects.

At meetings of the Society in 1851, the introduction of the common
honey bee was considered, and the next year it was reported (38) that
three hives were coming from New Zealand by the first vessel direct to
Honolulu. I could find no statement indicating that these ever arrived,
but the record (42) shows that two years later an attempt to import two
hives of bees from Boston proved unsuccessful because of the ravages of
the bee moth on the way. In 1855, a report was presented to the Society
upon the economic relation of insects to crops with suggestions for the
importation of natural enemies of these from abroad (45). The report
states that though wasps are abundant, bees have not yet been success-
fully introduced.

At a meeting in 1856 a very valuable paper was presented by the well-
known botanist, Dr. William Hillebrand (46). This paper written by
Valdemar Knudsen, deals primarily with the control of cutworms which

14 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

were evidently very numerous at that time. Descriptions (46, p. 96) are
given of five kinds as follows :

1st. Brown, with a white stripe on the back and white belly. It grows to the
largest size, fully 2]^ inches long and one-quarter inch thick. It is very vora-
cious, and a single worm will strip a large plant, leaving nothing but the ribs.

2nd. Gray, with a brown back of a bright, shining appearance ; it does not
grow as large as No. i. It is the regular cutworm that seems to enjoy nothing
but the juice of the stems, which it will often cut off when quite large and hard.

3d. It is destructive as the former, and also like it in color and size, only
not bright or shining on its back.

4th. Is bluish-gray, with head and tail white — rather rare.

5th. Mud-colored; is the one that appears every year, and seems able to do
with less wet soil. It is not quite as voracious, nor does it attain the size of
the former ones, but still is very destructive.

It is interesting to note that the cutworms were excessively abundant
on land that had been flooded for a few days. This observation agrees
with my experiences in North Queensland. The only explanation that
I am able to suggest is that flooding in some way interferes with the
natural enemies of these pests.

A great impulse was given to the investigation of the Pacific fauna by
the coming of the Swedish Frigate ''Eugenie" with a staff of trained in-
vestigators. These scientists arrived in Hawaii in August, 1852 and though
their stay in the islands was short, they evidently improved the opportunity,
for among the insects collected were about twenty new species, belonging
to several orders. Unfortunately no record was made of their catches
except of the new species. These records were worked up several years
later — the Coleoptera by C. H. Boheman, the Orthoptera and Hemiptera
by Carl Stal, the Lepidoptera by D. J. Wallengren, the Hymenoptera by
A. E. Holmgren, and the Diptera by C. G. Thomson (49).

The coming of the energetic student, Rev. Thomas Blackburn, in 1877
marked a new epoch in the history of systematic entomology in Hawaii.
Though his special hobby was Coleoptera, Blackburn collected all orders
of insects and published papers on most of them (67). The extent of
his scientific work during the six years of his stay is marvelous especially
considering that it was all done at odd moments whenever his strenuous
duties to the Church would permit. Indeed, so abundant were his catches
that he kept almost a dozen specialists (principally in the British Museum)
busy describing his material, in addition to all the descriptions that he
himself prepared for the press. A glance at the bibliography (pp. ) will
give a suggestion of the extent of these labors. The following specialists
assisted him in publishing his material: Bormans (105) handled the Or-
thoptera; McLachlan (no, in, 138) helped with the Neuroptera includ-
ing the Odonata; White (71, 81, 88, 100) did part of the Hemiptera;
Butler (74, 90, 96, 106, 108), Meyrick (112, 122, 131) and Tuely (79, 80)
all worked on the Lepidoptera; Sharp (75, 76, 77, 78, 85, 93, 99, 119,

Illingworth — Early references to Hawaiian entomology 15

120, 124) and Waterhouse (87), part of the Coleoptera; while Smith (86)
and Cameron (97, 109, 125, 127) helped with the Hymenoptera.

In 1882 J. E. ChamberUn pubUshed an interesting paper deaUng with
the devastating hordes of cutworms, or army worms, on Oahu (104).
The outbreak of this pest is said to have extended from the sandy beach
to the mountains. The land over which the worms had fed appeared
bare, as if scorched; cattle starved to death. Blackburn identified the
species as Prodenia ingloria Walker, a cutworm known in Australia; yet
all evidence goes to show that this pest was an old resident in Hawaii. I
was particularly interested in the following statement by ChamberUn:
"Whenever a tract is burned, a great flight of moths appeared immediately ;
and an army of worms shortly followed, entirely destroying the tender
grass." This was exactly my experience with a similar species in North
Queensland. Whenever an accidental fire ran through the growing cane,
a scurge of cutworms soon followed to wipe out the crop just as it was
beginning to recover from the burn. The only explanation that I was able
to offer was that those abnormal conditions in some way upset the natural
controlling factors so that the development of the pest, for a time, was
not hindered by them.

The investigations of the Challenger Expedition were primarily marine.
Small attention apparently was given to land fauna and few references
to insects appear in the published works. Kirby, in describing the Hy-
menoptera collected, mentioned only three from Hawaii. (This is the only
reference that I have been able to find.) But among the pelagic insects
belonging to the genus Halobates, monographed by White (114), are
several species found in Hawaiian waters. These were described and
figured in colored plates, making their determination easy.

As a young graduate just out of the University of Oxford, the inde-
fatiguable worker, R. C. L. Perkins, came to the islands in 1892 (?). The
results of his work of more than twenty years stand as a monument to the
hardships that he endured and the efforts that he put forth. During these
years numerous papers were published, but the general results from the
study of the tremendous amount of material he collected appear in the
three large volumes of the Fauna Hawaiiensis. Of this work the follow-
ing parts were published previous to the year 1900': Macrolepidoptera by
E. Meyrick ; Hymenoptera Aculeata by R. C. L. Perkins ; Formcidae by
August Forel; Orthoptera, Neuroptera and Coleoptera Rhynchophora,
Proterhinidae, Heteromera and Ciodae by R. C. L. Perkins ; and the
Coleoptera Phytophaga by David Sharp. Since the Fauna Hawaiiensis
is available in the principal libraries, I have not taken space to list the
numerous species described.

1 6 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

IMPORTANT IMMIGRANT INSECTS

Among the instroductions by European commerce was the night mos-
quito (Culex quinquetasciatus Say), a pest of first importance especially
as a carrier of disease. Though it has been generally understood that
these insects came to us from the coast of Mexico, it is interesting to read
the following account by Osten Sacken (ii8) :

About 1828-30 an old ship from Mazatlan, Mexico, was abandoned on the
coast of one of the Sandwich Islands. Larvae of Culex were probably imported
in the water-tanks upon it. The natives soon became aware of the appearance
round the spot of a — ^to them unknown — blood sucking insect; it so far excited
their curiosity that they used to congregate in the evening in order to enjoy the
novelty. Since then the species spread in different localities, and in some cases
became a nuisance.

This was related to me by Mr. T. R. Peale, the well known American ento-
mologist and artist, who visited the Sandwich Islands a few years later with the
United States Exploring Expedition under command of Captain C. Wilkes
(1838-40). A distinguished American, who spent many years' on the islands and
whose acquaintance I made in Washington, confirmed the story to me, and told
me that he remembered positively that there were no mosquitoes on the islands
about 1823.

This version is at any rate more probable than another which I read in the
German periodical, "Die Natur," that gnats were intentionally imported into
those islands by a mischiveous sea-captain, in vengeance against the inhabitants.

Another pest of importance in Hawaii is the sugar-cane borer, Rhaib-
docnemis obscurus Boisd., which was evidently introduced from some of
the Pacific islands; Boisduval (20) in 1835 described the species from
New Ireland and Fairmaire (32) later recorded it from Tahiti. This
borer began to make inroads upon the sugar industry of Hawaii apparently
during the early eighties (107, 113), rapidly spreading until brought
under control by the introduced tachinid parasite (Ceromasia sphenophori
VilL). The species was recorded by Blackburn and Sharp (120) with a
few brief systematic notes. The first careful study of the life history and
economic relations was that by C. V. Riley (132), the specimens being
sent to this celebrated entomologist at the request of his Majesty, King
Kalakaua.

Another cosmopolitan insect found in Hawaii during recent years,
though of little economic importance compared with the cane borer, is the
milkweed butterfly, Danaida archippus Fab. This insect was not mentioned
by any of the early voyagers and in fact the first reference to its presence
in the islands is from Blackburn's material in 1878 (74). The geographi-
cal distribution of this species was reviewed in 1886 by Walker (126), who
stated that these butterflies were abundant and well established in Hawaii
at that date.

In the early nineties exotic scale insects began to command attention
(134) and during the following decade fully fifty species had been re-

nUngworth — Early references to Hawmian entomology 17

corded in Hawaii. I eery a purchasi Mask, is thought to have made its
appearance in the islands during the spring of 1889. By 1890 it had be-
come widely distributed in the gardens of Honolulu. During the follow-
ing year, C. V. Riley (137) reported that it had been successfully con-
trolled by the Vedalia beetle introduced from California. Nevertheless,
other coccids began to make themselves felt, even attacking the coffee,
which was so seriously affected that Mr. Albert Koebele, who had been so
successful with the California State Board of Horticulture, was engaged
in 1893 by the Hawaiian Government to search Australia : for its natural
enemies (143, 145). His work proved eminently successful and by 1895
there was a marked decrease in many of the scale insects owing to the
natural enemies introduced (154). Chief among these friendly insects
were lady bird beetles (Coccinelhdae), fully three dozen species being in
the list (153). As new scales continued to make their appearance in the
islands, coming in on frequent plant and fruit importations, Koebele's valu-
able services were retained. By 1897 he had brought in fully 200 species
of ladybird beetles besides many other natural enemies of various harmful
insects (175).

The numerous scale insects were fairly well under control and Koebele
began to turn his attention more seriously to other pests. In 1899 Koebele
(202) wrote:

About the middle of April my attention was' called to a troublesome fly upon
cattle and on the 26th of the same month, the first specimens were brought to me
. . . and during the summer it spread over all the islands.

This pest later proved to be the European horn-fly, Haematobia irritans
Linn, which had reached the mainland of the United States about ten
years earlier. Koebele further relates: "The first flies were noticed on
the island of Oahu during February 1898, by Mr. J. P. Mendonca of the
Kaneohe ranch." During 1900, pests of various crops were studied and
the introduction of natural enemies was continued (215). It was at this
time that a tineid larva of cotton balls was first reported, which eventually
was found to be the pink boll-worm, Geleckia gossypiella Sndrs.

The Japanese Beetle {Adoretus sinicus Burm.) is reported to have come
into the islands about 1891, probably in soil from Japan (142). Four
years later it had already become such a pest that serious consideration was
given to the introduction of such natural enemies as moles, bats, and toads
(153). In 1897, 600 bats were introduced from CaUfornia but apparently
they never became established (175). Better results were secured by the
introduction of toads from California and frogs from Japan. These re-
produced freely in the streams here. But the spread of the beetle was
rapid and by 1897 it was also reported from Maui and Kauai. Koebele

i8 Bernice P, Bishop Museum — Bulletin

introduced a fungus that proved destructive to the beetle under wet sur-
roundings (175), but unfortunately it appeared immune to this disease
in the drier portions of the islands. During 1900 the Japanese beetles were
reported (215) from the island of Hawaii, thus extending their range
throughout the group, injuring the foliage of a large variety of cultivated
trees and other plants.

It is reported that previous to 1898, all forms of melons, cucumbers and
squashes could be grown in Hawaii with comparative ease. About this
time a new pest that has come to be known as the melon fly (Dacus cucur-
bitae Coq.) began to make itself felt. Mr. Byron O. Clark who was the
first to observe the flies said that they made their appearance during the
summer of 1897 3-nd that by 1898 and 1899 the melon industry was prac-
tically destroyed. The first published reference to the subject is in the
form of correspondence printed in a weekly newspaper in Honolulu. The
original is now almost unobtainable and so it is fortunate that the complete
account has been reproduced in at least two scientific papers dealing with
this serious pest. (See 184.)

DEVKI.OPMENT OF QUARANTINE SYSTEM

The entrance of so many noxious pests naturally stimulated a desire to
shut out further introductions of these undesirable immigrants. During
the reign of King Kalakua we find the beginning of this system in an
Act dated July 16, 1890, relating to the suppression of plant diseases, blights,
and insect pests (134). Again, in 1892, similar regulations were adopted
in an Act to establish a Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry (139).

No one recognized the need of such regulations better than Professor
A. Koebele who had devoted many years to a study of these organisms in
various parts of the world. As official entomologist of the Hawaiian
islands, in a letter (191) to Dr. Maxwell, who was special agent of the
United States here at the time, he said,

Strict attention should be paid towards guarding against the introduction of
melolontids, elaterid beetles, etc., destructive to living roots of plants, as well as
to any fungoid diseases destructive to vegetation that are liable to reach the islands
with soil or plants imported.

From these beginnings has grown up the efficient quarantine system
that we find in the islands today.

Illingworth — Barly references to Hawaiian entomology 19

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following list is arranged chronologically and the names of authors are in
alphabetical order under each year. For the convenience of workers resident in
Hawaii the Honolulu libraries in which the publications' cited may be found are
indicated by the following abbreviations : AF, Board of Agriculture and Forestry ;
BM, Bishop Museum; DPI, Division of Plant Inspection, Board of Agriculture and
Forestry; HS, Historical Society; HSPA, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Experiment
Station; PL/, Library of Hawaii; UH, University of Hawaii; US, Hawaii Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, References to publications indicated by an asterisk {'^^)
have not been verified.

1. Ellis, W(illiam), An authentic narrative of a voyage performed

by Captain Cook and Captain Gierke; ... in search of a
northwest passage between the continents of Asia and America,
Including a faithful account of all their discoveries, and the un-
fortunate death of Captain Cook .... 2 vols., London,
1782. (BM)

2. Cook, Jami^s, A voyage to the Pacific Ocean, undertaken by the

command of His Majesty, for making discoveries in the North-
ern Hemisphere. Performed under the direction of Captains
Cook, Clerke, and Gore, in His Majesty's ships "Resolution"
and "Discovery''; in the years 1776, 1777, ^77^i ^779y and 1780.
3 vols. ; vols. I and 2 written by Captain James Cook, F.R.S.,
vol. 3 by Captain James King, LL.D. and F.R.S. ; 2d ed., Lon-
don, 1785. (BM)

3. Dixon, G]^org]e:, A voyage round the world but more particularly to

to the northwest coast of America, performed in 1785, 1786,
1787, and 1788, in the "King George" and "Queen Charlotte,"
Captains Portlock and Dixon .... London, 1789. (BM)
The expedition visited Hawaii in 1786.

4. Portlock, Nathan, A voyage round the world but more particular-

ly to the northwest coast of America, performed in 1785, 1786,
1787, and 1788, in the "King George" and "Queen Charlotte,"
Captains Portlock and Dixon .... London, 1789. (BM)
The members of the expedition were in Hawaii from May 26 to June
13, 1786.

5. *Fabricius, J. C, Entomologica systematica .... Hafniae

(Copenhagen). 4 vols., 1792-4.

References to Hawaiian species' in vol. 2, p. 269 (Odynerus radula Fab.),
and in vol. 3, p. 463.

6. Vancouver, George^ A voyage of discovery to the North Pacific

Ocean, and round the world; . . . performed in the years
179a, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794, and 1795, in the "Discovery,"
sloop of war, and armed tender "Chatham.'^ ... 3 vols.
London, 1798. (BM)
Vancouver arrived in Hawaii March 2, 1792.

7. KoTZEBUE, Otto von, A voyage of discovery into the South Sea and

Beering's Straits, for the purpose of exploring a northeast
passage, undertaken in the years 1815-1818, ... in the

20 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin

ship "Rurick'' .... translated edition by H. E. Lloyd.

3 vols., London, 182 1. (BM)

Original, published in German at Weimar, 182 1, contains colored plates
of butterflies described by Eschscholtz. English translation by H. E. Eloyd.
3 vols. London, 1821. (BM)

The expedition arrived in Hawaii November 22, 1816.

8. ^'Eschscholtz, Johann Friedrich, Entomographien, i Lieferung,

128, iii p., II col. pL, 231/2 cm., Berlin, G. Reimer, 1822.

The Hawaiian species described are: Hydrophilus semiclindricus (p. 42),
and Blata punctata (p. ^6), which is a synonym of Pycnoscelus surinamensis
(lyinn.).

9. Mathison, G. F., Narrative of a visit to Brazil, Chile, Peru, and

the Sandwich Islands, during the years 1821 and 1822. . . .

London, 1825. (BM)

Mathison arrived in Hawaii June 24, 1822.

10. Byron, Lord, Voyage of H.M.S. "Blonde" to the Sandwich Islands,

in the years 1824-5. London, 1826, (BM)

11. Stewart, C. S., Journal of a residence in the Sandwich Islands, dur-

ing the years 1823, 1824, and 1825, .... London, 1828.

(BM)

12. Eschscholtz, Frie:drich, Zoologischer Atlas. Kotzebue's second

voyage, 1823-6, Berlin, 1829. (HS)

No Hawaiian insects appear to be discussed, but beetles and other ani-
mal forms from other Pacific islands are described and illustrated by colored
plates.

13. KoTZKBUE, Otto von, A new voyage round the world, in the years

1823, 1824, 1825, 1826. 2 vols., London, 1830. (BM)

14. Beechi^y, Captain F. W., Narrative of a voyage to the Pacific

. . . 1825-8. 2 vols. London, 183 1. (BM)
The first export of sugar to California discussed (vol. 2, pp. 100 and
112) ; no Hawaiian insects mentioned.

15. Montgomery, James, Journal of voyages and travels by the Rev.

Daniel Tyerman and George Bennet, Esq. . . . London
Missionary Society, ... in the South Sea islands, China,
India, etc., between the years 1821 and 1829. ... 2 vols.
London, 1831. (BM)
Tyerman and Bennet reached Hawaii in April, 1822.

16. Bishop, SerEno E., Reminiscences of old Hawaii. Originally pub-

lished in the Friend (BM) and in the Honolulu Advertiser
1901-1902. Reprinted in book form, Honolulu, 1916. (BM)
The Reminiscences' relate chiefly to the period 1830-1860.

17. Malo, David, Hawaiian antiquities, (Moolelo Hawaii), translated

from the original Hawaiian by Dr. N. B, Emerson : B. P. Bish-
op Mus. Special Publ. 2, Honolulu, 1903. (BM)

Most of Moolelo Hawaii was written 1835-36. Parts of it were printed
in 1838, 1839, and 1858.

Illingworth — Early references to Hawaiian entomology 2T

i8. Burme:ister, Hermann, Rhyngota seu Hemiptera. Beitrage zur
Zoologie gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde, von Dr.
F. J. F. Meyen, pp. 285-306. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.,
Breslau und Bonn, 1834. (BM)
Burmeister describes Asopus griseus Burm. (p. 293).

19. Erickson, H. W., Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. Beitrage zur Zoolo-

gie gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde, von Dr. F. J. F.
Meyen, pp. 219-284. Nova Acta Acad. Caes, Leop. . . .
Breslau und Bonn, 1834. (BM)
Erickson describes Anchomenus corruscus Hrichs. (p. 223).

20. BoiSDUVAL, J. A., Voyage de TAstrolabe, pendant les annees 1826-29,

faune entomologique de Tocean Pacifique, Coleopteres, Paris,

1835, (BM) (AF)

Colymbetes pacificus Esch. and Colymbetes parvulus Esch. (p. 50) are
described.

21. '^'DiljEAN, P. F. M. A., Catalogue des coleopteres de la collection de

M. le Compte Dejean. . . , 3d ed., p. 503, Paris, 1837.

References to Hawaiian species are Colymbetes pacificus Esch. p. 55, and
C. parvulus Esch., p. 56.

22. Chapin, Alonzo (M.D.), Remarks on the Sandwich Islands; their

situation, climate, diseases. . .: Hawaiian Spectator, vol. i,
No. 3, pp. 248-267, Honolulu, 1838. (BM) (HS)

23. JarvES, J. J., Sketches of Kauai: Hawaiian Spectator, vol. i, No. i,

pp. 66-86, Honolulu, 1838. (BM) (HS)

24. Be:nnKT, F. D., Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe

from the years 1833 to 1836, London, 1840. (BM)
Bennet arrived in Hawaii April 16, 1834.

25. Jarv:Es, Jam^s J., History of the Hawaiian or Sandwich Islands.

. . , Boston, 1843. (BM)

26. Pickering, Charles, The races of men and their geographical

distribution: U. S. Exploring expedition . . . IX, Phil-
adelphia, 1848. (BM) (HS)

This expedition made a brief call at Hawaii in September, 1840.

27. ^DouBLEDAY, Edward, First list of British Museum butterflies,

London, i844(?)

Describes four specimens of Vanessa cardui (p. 79) from Hawaii, two
brought by Captain Byron in 1825 and two by Captain Beechey in 1827,

28. JarvEs, James J., Scenes and Scenery in the Sandwich Islands . . .
Boston, 1844. (BM)

Describes the attempt to establish a silk industry at Koloa in 1837-
1841, rendered unsuccessful by the ravages of aphid, or wood louse, which
destroyed the mulberry trees and consequently starved the silk worms (pp.
105-111). The "silk plantation" at Hanalei is also discussed (pp. 164-169).

22. Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

29. MoTsCHULSKY^ ViCTOR Di^, Observations sur le Musee Entomologique

de Tuniversite imperiale de Moscou: Soc. Imper. Nat. Moscou
Bull, vol. 18, pp. 332-388, pis. 5-7, 1845. (AF)

This paper discusses the beetles collected by Eschscholtz during his
two voyages around the world, Plagithmysus n. g. for Stenopterus pulver-
ulentus Esch. (pp. 369-70), PI. 6, 5 figs. In error described from California.

30. MoTscHULSKY, VicTOR D^, Remarques sur la collection de coleop-

teres russes da Victor Motschulsky : Soc. Imper. Nat. Moscou

Bull, vol 28, pp. 1-85, pis. 1-3, 1845. (AF)

Stenopterus pulverulentus Esch. is erroneously recorded from Cali-
fornia, p. 250.

31. *Double:day, Edward, The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, compris-

ing their generic characters, a notice of their habits and trans-
formations, and a catalog of the species of each genus. 2 vols.,
86 pis. (85 col), London, 1846.
Reference to Vanessa cardui from Hawaii is found on page 205.

32. Fairmairp:, M. Le:on, Essai des Coleopteres de la Polynesie: Rev.

et Mag. de ZooL, June, 1849. (HSPA) (AF) (US)
Hydrohius semicylindricus Esch. was collected in a taro plantation on
Oahu (p. 30 of sep. zm 434 of original). Heterophaga mauritanica Fabr.
is recorded (p. 42); also Calandra obscura Boisd. from Tahiti (p. 70).
This species of Calandra, originally described from New Ireland, is the well-
known cane-borer in Hawaii; now placed in the genus Rhabdocnemis.

33. Che:e:ve:r, Henry T., The island world of the Pacific, New York,

1851. (BM)

34. ^'FairmairK, M. L., Rev. et Mag. de Zool, p. 51, 1850.

35. Dallas, W. S., List of specimens of Hemiptera in the British

Museum, pt. i, London, 1851 ; pt. 2, 1852. (AF)
The species Bysarcoris insularis, pt. 1, p. 228 and Rhy par ochr omits
nigriceps, pt. 2, p. 577, are described.

36. Duncan, William, On the prevention and eradication of worms:

Roy. Haw. Agric. Soc. Trans., vol. i. No. 3, pp. 71-86, Hono-
lulu, 1852. (BM)

This paper, excellent for that period, deals only with the economic
phas'es of the subject.

37. Ne:wcomb, WkslEy (M. D.), Report of the committee on worms

and other injurious vermin: Roy. Haw. Agric. Soc. Trans.,
vol. I, No. 3, pp. 94~97, Honolulu, 1852. (BM)

This is a valuable paper dealing rather specifically with the insect pests
of agriculture.

38. Thierry, Baron de. Report on bees: Roy. Haw. Agric. Soc. Trans.,

vol. I, No. 3, p. X16, Honolulu, 1852. (BM)
Records the first attempt to introduce bees direct from New Zealand.

39-

IlUngworth — Early references to Hawaiiam entomology 23

"^Walkj^r, F. a., Catalog of the specimens of neuropterous insects
in the collection of the British Museum, London, 1852.

Myrmelon perjitriis n. sp., p. 340; M. violentus n. sp., p. 348, are
described.

40. MoTscHULSKY, ViCTOR DE, Etudcs entomologiques, 1852: Soc. Lit,

Finnoise, 1853. (AF)

Under synonymies (p. 76), the author states: ''Plagithmysus pulveru-
lentus Esch. decrit et figure dans le meme ouvrage, appartient au genre Oene-
mona Newman."

41. Smith, Frederick, Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the col-

lection of the British Museum, London, 1853. (HSPA)

Prosopis anthracina n.sp. and P. flavipes n.sp., from the Hawaiian
islands, are described (pt. i, p. 23).

42. Chamberlain, Warren, Report of the committee on the honey bee :

Roy. Haw. Agric. Soc. Trans., vol. 2, No. i, pp. 53-57, also
letter from C. R. Bishop, pp. 57-60, Honolulu, 1854. (BM)

This paper discusses the difficulties encountered in an attempt to in-
troduce honey bees.

43. SiGNORET, DocTEUR V., Revue iconographique des Tettigonides :

Soc. Ent. France Ann., p. 15, pi. i (colored), fig. 15, 1854.
(HSPA)
Describes Tettigonia varicolor n.sp., Honolulu, coll. Boheman et Sig-
noret.

44. *Stal, Carl, Nya Hemiptera: Ofv. af K. Vet,-Ak. Forh., vol. 9,

1854.

Includes a reference to Delphax pulchra Stal.

45. Marsh, J. W., Report on birds, bees, insects, and worms: Roy.

Agric. Soc. Trans., vol, 2, No. 2, pp. 47-50^. Honolulu, 1855,
(BM)

This is a purely economic paper dealing with pests and suggesting the
introduction of natural enemies, various' sorts being enumerated.

46. KnudsEn, ValdEmar, Report on worms: Roy. Haw. Agric. Sec,

Trans., vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 94-97, Honolulu, 1856. (BM)
Contains interesting suggestions for the control of cutworms by pro-
tecting natural enemies and importing others, such as the black ant of North
America.

47. Smith, Frederick, Catalogue of hymenoterous insects in the col-

lections of the British Museum, London, 1856. (HSPA)

Crabro unicolor (pt. 4, p. 421), C. distinctus (p. 422), and Mimesa
antennata (p. 431), described from the "Sandwich Islands."

48. BoHEMAN, C. H., Coleoptera: Voyage de "rEugenie," Insecta, pp.

1-112, pi. I, Stockholm, 1858. (BM)

The following species' are described from Honolulu : Calleida insularis,
p. 4, also found in Tahiti; Calleida amoenula, p. 4; Lebia insularis, p. 6,
also found in Tahiti; Selenophorus msularis, p. 10; Selenophorus picinus, p.
11; Trechus fasciatus, p. 17; Canthon balteatus, p. 41; Onthophagus muticus,
p. 48; Ammophorus insularis, p. 89.

24 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

49. Virgin, C. A., Voyage autour du monde sur la fregate Suedoise

"rEugenie/* .... 1851-53, sous le commandement de C. A.

Virgin. . . . Zoologie I. Insecta, 617 pp., 9 Pis. Stockholm,

1858-68.

The following groups of insects are discussed: Coleoptera, by C. H.
Boheman, pp. 1-218, 1858; Hemiptera, by C. Stal, pp. 219-298, 1859; Orth-
optera, by C. Stal, pp. 299-350, i860; Lepidoptera, by H. D. J. Wallengren,
pp. 351-390, 1861 ; Hymenoptera, by A. E. Holmgren, pp. 391-442, x868;
Diptera, by C. G. Thomson, pp. 443-614, 1868.

50. BoHE^MAN, C. H., Coleoptera: Voyage de "I'Eugenie/' Insecta, pp.

113-218, PI. 2, Stockholm, 1859. (BM)

The following genera and species described from Honolulu: Oodemas
n. gen. (p. 138) created for Oodemas aenescens, p. 138; Rhyncolus longulus,
p. 149; Rhyncolus gracilis, p. 150; Megascelis subtilis, p. 152; Luperus in-
sularis, p. 182; Graptodera verticalis, also found in California and Tahiti, p.
187; Crepidodera puherula, also found in California and Tahiti, p. 196 J
Hyperaspis annularis, also found in California, p. 205 ; Scymnus kinhergi,
p. 209.

51. Stal, C(arl), Hempitera: Voyage de 'TEugenie," Insecta, pp.

219-298, pis. 3 and 4, Stockholm, 1859. (BM)

The following species described from Honolulu: Arma patruelis, p.

220 ; Arma paciUca, p. 221 ; Nysius coenosulus, p. 243 ; Capsus pellucidus, p.

255; Delphax pulchra, p. 275; Bythoscopus viduus, p. 291.

52. Stal, C(arl), Orthoptera: Voyage de "rEttgenie," Insecta, pp. 299-

350, PL 5, Stockholm, i860. (BM)
Gomphocerus (Hyalopteryx) plehejus is described from Honolulu, p. 339.

53. Osten-SackEn, Baron, Einfuhrung von Mucken (Culex) auf den

Sandwich-Inseln : Stett. Ent. Zeit., vol. 22, pp. 51, 52, 1861.
(HSPA)

Describes the introduction of mosquitoes (Culex), about 1828-30, in an
old ship from Mazatlan, Mexico.

54. Walle^ngri^n, H. D. J., Lepidoptera, Voyage de "rEngenie,'' In-

secta, pp. 351-390, pis. 6 and 7, Stockholm, 1861. (BM)
The following species are described from Honolulu: Colias ponfeni,
p. 351; Heliothis inflata, p. 376; Salbia continuatalis, p. 381.

55. '^Hage^n, H, a., Notizen beim Studium von Brauers Novara-Neu-

ropteren: Verb. Zool. hot. Ges. Wien., vol. 17, p. 34, 1867.

From Oahu are recorded: Anax strenuus n.sp. and Anax Junius n.sp.
Specimens of 3 Junius in Berlin Museum are labeled A. ocellatus, A. severus,
and Alschua prasina.

56. Holmgren, A. E., Hymenoptera, Voyage de "I'Eugenie," Insecta,

pp. 391-442, pi. 8, Stockholm, 1868. (BM)

The following species are described from Honolulu : Bchthromorpha
maculipennis, p. 406, and Rhygchium nigripenne, p. 441.

57. ScuDDEiR, S. H., A century of Orthoptera, Decade i, Gryllides: Bos-

ton Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc, vol. 12, pp. 139-143, Boston, 1868.

(BM)

TrigonidiuW: pacificum is described from the Hawaiian Islands, p. 139.

59

IlUngworth — Barly references to Hawaiian entomology 25

58. Thomson, C. G., Diptera. Voyage de "rEugenie/' Insecta, pp.
443-614, pi. 9, Stockholm, 1868. (BM)

The following species are described from Honolulu: Sarcophaga bar-
bata, p. 533; Sarcophaga dux, p. 534; Sacrophaga pallinervis, p. 535; Cata-
picephala limbipennis, p. 541; Musca flavinervis, var.? p. 547; Ltspe meta-
tarsalis, p. 562; Try p eta crassipes, p. 583-

^^Stal, Carl, Ennumeratio Hemipterorum I : K. Svenska Vet.-Ak.
Handl., vol. 9, pp. 1-121, 1870.

Dysdercus peruvianus Guer. is recorded from Hawaii.

60. Wati:rhouse^, C. O., On a new genus and species of Coleoptera be-

longing to the , family Lucanidae, from the Sandwich Islands :

Ent. Soc. London Trans., p. 315, 1871.

Mr. Harper Pease sent two specimens of a new beetle from Honolulu,
for which Waterhouse created the genus Apterocyclus, naming the new
species A. honoluluensis. These specimens were from the mountains of
KauaL

61. Butle:r, a. G., List of the diurnal Lepidoptera of the South-Sea

Islands: Zool. Soc. London Proc, pp. 274-291, pi. 44 (col-
ored). May 5, 1874. (BM)

The following species from the Hawaiian islands are included: Pyra-
meis tammeamea Eschscholtz, p. 284; Colais ponteni Wallengren, p. 287;
Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus, recorded from the Hawaiian islands by Beechey,
p. 290. No mention is made of Vanessa cardui Linn, which was undoubt-
edly in the islands. (See 24, 27 and 37-)

62. McLachlan, RoBiiRT, Note on some Odonata (dragon-flies) from

the Hawaiian Islands . . . Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 11, p. 92,

1874. (A) (HSPA)

Anax Junius Drury, Pantala flavescens Fab., and Tremea lacerata Hagen
are noted as abundant, and said to prey on the produce of what the Hawaiians
call the army worm, a species of Hadena, which occurs in multitudes.

63. *Stal, Carl, Ennumeratio Hemipterorum, IV: Svensk. Vet. Ak.

Handl., vol. 12, pp. 121 and 152, 1874.

Includes notes on Nysius caenosulus and Pamera nigriceps from Hawaii.

64. Thrum, Thomas, Notes on the history of coffee culture in Hawai-

ian Islands: Haw. Ann. for 1876, pp. 46-52, 1875. (BM)
Refers to the coffee blight with a discussion of control measures, p. 49.

65. Scudde:r, S. H., a cosmopolitan butterfly, its birthplace and natural

history: Amer, Nat., July, 1876. (AF)

Refers to the single citation of Vanessa cardui Linn, from the Hawaiian
islands, . which appeared in the first list of the British Museum Butterflies',
where (p. 79) Mr. Doubleday credits four specimens to those islands, two
brought by Captain Byron and two by Captain Beechey. Scudder states :

"I am informed by Mr. Butler that there is now only one specimen in the museum
from the Sandwich Islands, and the reference upon the ticket is to the oldest manuscript
registerT not now to be found. Byron and Beechey were at the islands in 1825-27. Mr.
W. T. Brigham informs me that V. cardui was not found by Mr. Mann and himself dur-
ing a twelve month's residence at the islands ten years ago, and I can find no authority
for its present existence. Dr. Pickering writes that it was unknown when the Wilkes ex-
pedition visited the islands 1840-41- The 'Vincennes/ to which Dr. Pickering was at-

26 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

tached, was at the islands from the end of September to the beginning of April. Byron
and Beechey's visits were between the latter part of January and the middle of July.
Mr. Butler does not consider the specimen in the British Museum, nor the record _ of
Doubleday, sufficient authority to include this insect in his list of South Sea butterflies.
Upon the whole, we cannot fairly accept the present authority for the presence of this
insect in the Pacific Islands." (See also 24, 27, and 37.)

66. Wallace, A. R., Geographical distribution of animals, 2 vols., Lon-.

don, 1876.
Contains a brief note on Apterocyclus (vol. i, p. 446).

67. Blackburn, Thomas, Insect-notes from the Sandwich Isles: Ent.

Month. Mag., vol. 13, pp. 227-228, London, 1877. (AF)
In discussing his first impressions of the insect fauna of the islands,
Blackburn states :

"Coleoptera are distinctly not common; Orthoptera, chiefly earwigs and cockroaches,
in considerable variety; a fair number of Hymenoptera; too many Diptera of the mos-
quito type; a few Hemiptera; and many I^epidoptera, but only two butterflies, a large
Papilio and Vanessa kammeamea."

68. Blackburn, Thomas, Characters of a new genus and descriptions

of two new species of Cossonidae from the Sandwich Islands:
Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 14, pp. 4-5, London, 1827. (AF)
Anotheorus n.gen., A. montanus n.sp., Oodemas halticoides, n.sp. are
described.

69. Blackburn, Thomas, Characters of a new genus, and descriptions

of new species, of Geodephaga from the Sandwich Islands, I:
Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 14, pp. 142-148, London, 1877. (AE)

The following insects are described: Saronychium n.gen., S. incon-
spicuum, n.sp., Anchomenus muscicola n.sp., A. epicurus n.sp., A. protervus
n.sp., A scrupulosus n.sp., A, fraternus n.sp., A. meticulosus n.sp., A. cunei-
pennis n.sp., A, fossipennis n.sp., A oceanicus n.sp., A. bardus n.sp., A. fugi-
tivus n.sp., A. mysticus n.sp., Dyscolus tantalus n.sp., D. palmae n.sp., D.
mutabilis n.sp., D. caliginosus n.s'p.

70. BuTLiJR, A. G., List of heterocerous Lepidoptera recently collected

by the Rev. T. Blackburn in the Hawaiian Islands : Ent. Month.
Mag., vol. 14, pp. 47-50, London, 1877. (AF)

The forms described are : Deilephila livornica Esper., Protoparce cin-
gulata Fab., Leucania dislocata Walker, Prodenia ingloria Walker, Plusia
verticillata Guenee, Hypena ohsoleta n.sp., H. insignis n.sp., Herminia
caeneusalis Walker, Botys blackburni n.sp., B. accepta n.sp., Pyralis achatina
n.sp., Rhodaria despecta n.sp., Hymenia recurvalis Fab., Bphestia elutella
Hub., Argyresthia sp., Laverna sp.

71. White:, F. B., Descriptions of new species of heteropterous Hemip-

tera collected in Hawaiian Islands by Blackburn, No. i : An-
nals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., vol. 20, pp. 110-114, 1877.
(HSPA)

The species described are Cydnidae : Geotomus subtristis n.sp., G.
jucundus n.sp. — Anthrocoridae : Tripleps persequens n.sp., Cardiasthethus
mundulus n.sp. — Nabidae : Nabis innotatus n.sp., N. subrufus n.sp., N, lus-
ciosus n.sp. — Eniesidae : Luteva insolida n.sp. — Hebridae : Merragata n.gen.,
M. hebroides n.sp. — Corixidae: Corixa blackburni n.sp.

Illingworth — Harly references to Hawaiian entomology 27

y2, Blackburn, Thomas, Some observations on the genus Oodemas of
the family Cossonidae with descriptions of new species: Soc.
Ent. Belgique Ann., pp. 73-76, 1878. (AF)
The following species are described : Oodemas nivicola n.sp., O. aene-

scens Boh., O. sculpturatum n.sg., O. insulare n.sp., O. rohustum n.sp., O.

obscurum n.sp., O. angusfum n.sp., O. mauiense n.sp., O. horrei n.sp., O. hal-

ticoides Blackb.

73. Blackburn, Thomas, Characters of new genera and descriptions of

new species of Geodephaga from the Hawaiian islands, II :

Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 15, pp. 1 19-123 and 156-158, London,

1878. (AF)

The following are described: Atrachycnemis, n.gen., A. sharpi n.sp,,
Disenochus n.gen., D. anomalus, n.sp., Anchomenus insociabilis n.sp., A. erro
n.sp., A. sharpi n.sp,, A rupicola n.sp., Cyclothorax montivagus n.sp., C.
micans n.sp., C. multipunctatus n.sp., C. hrevis Sharp, C. oahuensis n.sp., C
simiolus n.sp., C obscuricolor n.sp.

74. BuTle:r, A. G., On Lepidoptera from the Hawaiian islands: Ent.

Month. Mag., vol. 14, p. 185, London, 1878. (AE)
Descriptions are given of the following species : Danais archippus Fab.,
Leucania dislocata Wialk., Plusia verticillata Guenee, Botys blackburni Butler,

B. accepta Butler.

75. Sharp, David, Descriptions of some new species and a new genus

of rhyncophorous Coleoptera from Hawaiian Islands: Ent. Soc.
London, Trans., for 1878, pp. 15-26, 1878. (AF)
The following insects were collected by Thomas Blackburn: Proterhinus

vestitus n.sp., P. blackburni n.sp., F. simplex n.sp., P. obscurus ^ n.sp., P.

oscillans n.sp., P. debilis n.sp, Dryophthorus squalidus n.sp., D. gravidus n.sp.,

D. crassus n.sp., D. declivia n.sp., D modestus nsp., D. pusiilus n.sp., D.

insignis n.sp., Pentarthrum prolixum n.sp., P. obscurum n.sp., P, blackburni

n.sp.

76. Sharp, David, On some Nitidulidae from the Hawaiian Islands:

Ent. Soc. London, Trans, for 1878, pp. 127-140, 1878. (AF)
Descriptions are given of the following beetles collected by Blackburn:

Gonioryctus latus n.sp., G. blackburni n.sp., G, monticola n.sp., Brachypeplus

discendens n.sp., B. puncticeps n.sp., B. robustus n.sp., B. reitteri n.sp., B.

infirmus n.sp., B. impressus n.sp. B. inaequalis n.sp., B. omalioides n.sp., B.

brevis n.sp., B, asper n.sp., Carpophilus hemipterus lyinn., C. dimidiatus Er.,

C. maculatus Murray, Haptoncus tetragonus Murray, and H. mundus n.sp.

yy. Sharp, David, On some longicorn Coleoptera from the Hawaiian
islands: Ent. Soc, London, Trans, for 1878, pp. 201, 210, 1878.
(AF)

Descriptions are given of the following beetles collected by Blackburn :
Parandra puncticeps n.sp., Stenocorus simplex GylL, Astrimus n.gen., A. ob-
scurus n.sp., Sotenus n.gen., S. setiger n.sp., Clytarlus n.gen., C. robustus
n.sp., C. cristatus n.sp., Micracantha nutans n.sp., Oopsis nutator Fab., and
Lagochirus araneiformis Linn.

78. Sharp, David, Description of new species probably indicating a new
genus of Anchomenidae from the Sandwich Islands: Ent.
Month. Mag., vol. 14, pp. 179-180, 1878. (AF)
Describes Blackburnia insignis n.sp.

28 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

79. Tu^LY^ N. C, Description of new species of butterfly from Sandwich

Islands: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 15, pp. 9-10, 1878. (AF)

Describes Holochila hlackhurni n.sp.

80. Tue:ly, N. C, Description of the larvae of Pyrameis hunteri: Ent.

Month. Mag., vol. 15, pp. 16-17, 1878. (AF)

81. White, F. B., Descriptions of new species of heteropterous Hemipt-

era collected in the Hawaiian islands by the Rev. T. Blackburn,

No. 2: Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., vol. i, pp. 365-374,

1878. (HSPA)

The Hemiptera described are Asopidae : Oechalia patruelis Stal. —
Lygaeidae: Nysius dallasi n.sp., N, delectus n.sp., A^. arboricola n.sp., A^.
coenosulus Stal, Pamera nigriceps Dall, Clerada apicicornis Sign., Reclada
n.gen., R. moesta n.sp., Metrarga n. gen., M. nuda n.sp., M. villosa n.sp.
Capsidae : Capsus pellucidus Stal. — Anthocordidae : Cardiastethus sodalis
n.sp. Acanthiidae: Acanthia lectularia Linn. — Saldidae : Salda exulans n.sp.
— Nabidae : Nabis hlackhurni n.sp. — Veliidae : Microvelia vagans n.sp.

^2. Blackburn, Thomas, Characters of new genera and descriptions

of new species of Geodephaga from the Hawaiian islands, HI :

Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 16, pp. 104-109, London, 1879. (AF)

Blackburn describes Anchomenidae : Anchomenus lucipetens n.sp., A.

incendiarius n.sp., Cyclothorax pele n.sp., C. bemhidioides n.sp., C. paradoxus

n.sp., C. deverilli n.sp., C. vulcanus n.sp. — Bembidiidae : Bemhidium (Lopha)

ignicola n.sp.

83. Blackburn, Thomas, Vanessa cardui in Hawaii : Ent. Month. Mag.,

vol. 16, p. 161, London, 1879. (AF)
From the paper by Blackburn the following is quoted:
Referring to the paper headed "The Recent Abundance of Vanessa
cardui," in the August number of this magazine, it may be of interest to note
that I have observed the species in considerable abundance (but not in com-
pact swarms) at various points on the Hawaiian Archipelago, between Feb-
ruary and July this year (1879), — though I have not previously noticed it dur-
ing the three years I have been living on the islands. Its near ally, V. hun-
teri, has occurred in about the usual numbers. The season has been here,
probably, as much cloudier and more showery than us'ual as in Great Britain.
V. cardui has been recorded, I believe, as occurring on the Hawaiian Islands,
but I cannot at this moment lay my hands on the authority. (See 24, 27,
Z7, and 65.)

84. Butli:r^ a. G., On heterocerous Lepidoptera collected in the Hawai-

ian islands by the Rev. T. Blackburn: Ent. Month. Mag., vol.
15, pp. 269-273, London, 1879. (AF)

The species described are Leucaniidae: Leucania photophila n.sp. — Noc-
tuidae: Agrotis suifusa W.V., A. arenivolans n.sp. — Hydrocampidae : Oligo-
stigma curta n.sp. — Botydidsie : Botys accepta Butl., B. continuatalis (Salhia
continuatalis Wllgr.), B. demaratalis Walk., Mecyna exigua n.sp. — Larentiidae :
Larentia insularis n.sp., Pseudocoreniia paludicola n.sp., Scotosia rara n.sp.
— Phycidae: Plodia interpunctalis Hiib. — Tineidae: Scardia lignivora n.sp.

85. Sharp, David, On some Coleoptera from the Hawaiian islands: Ent.

Soc. Trans., pp. 77-105, London, 1879. (AF)
Descriptions are given of the beetles collected by Blackburn. They repre-
sent Hydrophilidae : Omicrus n.gen., O. brevipes n.sp., Hydrophilus semicylin-

Illingzvorth — Barly references to Hawaiian entomology 29

dricus Esch., Cyclonotum suhquadratum Fairm., Sphaeridium ahdominale Fab.
— Nitidulidae : Brachypeplus tinctus n.sp., B. explanatus n.sp., B. protinoides
n.sp. — Cucuj'idae : Monanus n.gen., M. crenatus n.sp. — Colydiidae : Antilissus
n.gen., A. asper n.sp. — Mycetophagidae : Litargus vestitus n.sp., Propalticus
n.gen., P. oculatus n.sp. — Scarabaeidae : Aphodius paciUcus n.sp. — Cioidae :
Cis alienus n.sp., C. paciUcus n.sp. C. procdtus n.sp., C. signatus n.sp. C. bi-
color n.sp. C. tabidus n.sp., C. diminutivus n.sp., C. laeticulus n.sp., C evanes-
cens n.sp. — Aglycyderidae : Proterhinus nigricans n.sp. P. collaris n.sp. F. /iw-
meralis n.sp. P. pusillus n.sp., P. longulus n.sp., P. basalis n.sp., P. sternalis
n.sp., P. lecontei n.sp., P. paradoxus n.sp. — Scolytidae : Hypothenemus macu-
licoUis n.sp. — Cerambycidae : Clytarlus microgaster n.sp., and C modestus
n.sp.

86. Smith, Fre:de:rick, Descriptions of new species of aculeate Hy-

menoptera collected by the Rev. Thos. Blackburn in the Sand-
wich islands: Linn. Soc. London Journ., vol. 14, pp. 674-685,
1879. (BM)

Th€ species described are as follows : Formicidae : Camponotus sex-
guttatus Fab., Phenolepis clandestina Mayr. — Poneridae : Ponera contracta
Latr. — Myrmicidae Tetramorium guineense Fab., Pheidole pusilla • Heer.,
Solenopsis gemmata Mayr. and Roger. — Sphegidae : Pelopoeus flavipes
Fab. — Larridae: Pison iridipennis n.sp., P. hospes n.sp. — Crabronidae:
Crabro affinis n.sp,, C. mandibularis n.sp., C. denticornis n.sp., C. unicolor
Smith. — Eumenidae: Odynerus localis n.sp., O. maurus n.sp., O. rubritinctus
n.sp., O. montanus n.sp., O. congruus n.sp., O. dubiosus n.sp., O. agi/iV n.sp. —
Vespidae : Polistes aurifer Sauss. — Andrenidae : Prosopis blackburni n.sp.,
P. fuscipennis n.sp., P. facilis n.sp., P. hilaris n.sp., P. volatilis n.sp. — Apidae:
Megachile diligens n.sp., Xylocopa aeneipennis De Geer, and /4/>f^ melliiica
lyinn.

87. WaterhousEj, C. O., Description of a new genus and species of

heteromerous Coleoptera of the family Cistelidae from Hono-
lulu: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 15, pp. 267-268, London, 1879.

The genus and species described are: Labetis n.gen., L. tibialis n.sp.

88. White:, F. B., Descriptions of new Anthocoridae : Ent. Month.

Mag., vol. 16, pp. 142-148, London, 1879.

The following are described from Hawaii : Dilasia denigrata n.sp.,
Hawaii, 3,000 feet ; D. decolor n.sp., Honolulu ; Lilia n.gen. ; L. dilecta n.sp.,
Maui, 5,000 feet.

89. Blackburn, Thomas, and Kirby, W. F., Notes on species of acu-

leate Hymenoptera occurring in the Hawaiian islands: Ent.
Month. Mag., vol. 17, pp. 85-89, London, 1880. (AF)

The following species are discussed: Prosopis blackburni Sm., P. fusci-
pennis Sm., P. facilis Sm., P. hilaris Sm., P. volitalis Sm., P, flavifrons n.s'p.,
Xylocopa aeneipennis De G., Apis meliiica Linn., Pelopaeus flavipes Fab.,
Odynerus localis Sm., O. maurus Sm., O. rubritinctus Sm., 0. blackburni
n.sp., O. montanus Sm., O. congruus Sm., O. dubiosus Sm., 0. agilis Sm.,
Crabro a finis Sm., C. mandibularis Sm., C. denticornis Sm., C. unicolor Sm.,
C. stigius n.sp., Pison irridipennis Sm., P. hospes Sm., Polistes aurifer Sauss'.,
Camponotus sexguttatus Mayr., Prenolepsis clandestina Mayr., Ponera con-
tracta I^atr., Leptogenys insularis Sm., Tetramorium guineense Fab., Phei-
dole pusilla Heer., Solenopsis gcminata Fab., Evdnia laevigata Latr.

30 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

90. BuTLE^R, Arthur G., On two small consignments of Lepidoptera

from the Hawaiian Islands: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 17, pp. 6-9,

London, 1880.

The following species collected by Blackburn are described: Danais
archippus Fab., Protoparce blackburni n.sp., Deilephila livornica Esper.,
Leucania dislocata Walk., L. extranea Guen., Prodenia ingloria Walk., Car-
adina venosa n.sp., Agrotis suifusa Gmel., Spaelotis lucicolens n.sp., S. ere-
mata n.sp.^ Heliothis confer ta Walk., Plusia verticillata Guen., Toxocampa
noctivolans n.sp., Scotosia rara ButL, Hypena obsoleta Butl., H. insignis Butl.,
H. fascialis Cram., Scopula exigua n.sp., S. altivolans n.sp,

91. Harold^ E. von^ Einige neue Coleopteren: Miinchener Ent. Ver.

Mitth., vol. 4, pp. 148-181, 1880. (AF)

Von Harold describes Clytarlus Unschi n.sp. von den Sandwich-Inseln
(Finsch!) (p. 166). This species is now in the genus Plagithmysus'. [J.F.I.]

92. RiL^Y, C. v., Note: Amer. Ent., vol. 3, p. 150, 1880. (HSPA)

Riley states: Mr. T. Blackburn of Honolulu communicated that Vanes-
sa cardui appeared quite frequently in the year 1879, on the island of Hawaii,
during the month of February till July. He never before observed the
species on the island mentioned above.

93. Sharp, David, On some Coleoptera from the Hawaiian Islands : Ent.

Soc. London Trans., pp. 37-54, 1880'. (AF)

Th following species" are described : Falagria currax n.sp., Tachyusa
pumila n.sp. Diestota plana n.sp., D. parva n.sp., D, latifrons n.sp., D. pal-
palis n.sp., D. puncticeps n.sp., D, carinata n.sp., D. rufescens n.sp., Phlaeo-
pora cingulata n.sp., P. diluta n.sp., Oligota clavicornis n.sp., O. polita n.sp.,
O. glabra n.sp., O. mutanda n.sp., Liophaena gracilipes n.sp., L. flaviceps n.sp,,
Myllaena vicina n.sp., M. familiaris n.sp., M. curtipes n.sp., M. discidens n.sp.,
Pachycorynus discedens n.sp., Oxytelus advena n.sp., Trogophlaeus senilis
n.sp., T. frontinalis n.sp., T, abdominalis n.sp., Glyptoma blackburni n.sp.,
G. brevipenne n.sp., Lispinodes explicandus n.sp.

94. Blackburn, Thomas, Description of four new species of Cossoni-

dae from the Hawaiian Islands: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 17,
pp. 199-201, London, 1881. (AF)

The four species are : Oodemas olindae n.sp., O. substrictum n.sp., O,
internum n.sp., O. ignavus n.sp.

95. Blackburn, Thomas, Characters of new genera and descriptions of

new species of Geodephaga from the Hawaiian Islands, IV:

Ent. Month. Mag,, vol. 17, pp. 226-22g, London, 1881. (AF)

The following are described: Anchomenidae : Disenochus terebratus

n.sp., Anchomenus putealis n.sp., Cyclothorax unctus n.s'p., C. laetus n.sp.,

C. robustus n.sp. — Bembidiidae : Bembidium (Notaphus) spurcum n.sp., B.

teres n.sp.

96. BuTLi^R, A. G., On a collection of nocturnal Lepidoptera from the

Hawaiian Islands : Annals and ' Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th ser., vol.
7, pp. 317-333. 1881. (AF) (HSPA)

Descriptions are given of the following species collected by Blackburn:
Sphingidae: Deilephila calida n.sp. — Larentiidae : Scotosia corticea n.sp.,
Bupithecia monticolens n.sp. — Noctuidae: Spoelotis crinigera n.sp., Apa-
meidae chersotoides n.sp., A. cinctipennis n.sp. — Heliothidae : Heliothis ar-

Illingworth — Early references to Hawaiian entomology 31

migera Hub. — Hypenidae : Hypena obsoleta Butl., H. altivolans Butl., var.
simpler. — Hercynidae: Boreophila minuscula n.sp., Aporodes micacea n.sp. —
Margarodidae : Margaronia glauculalis Guenee. — Botididae : Anemosa aurora
n.sp., Mecyna ennychioides n.sp., M. nigrescens n.sp., M. exigua Butl., M.
virescens n.sp. — Scopariidae : Scoparia hawaiensis n.sp., 5. jucunda n.sp., var.
formosa, S. frigida n.sp., S. coarctata Zeller, 5*. venosa n.sp.— Phycidae :
Bphestia humeralis n.sp., B. albosparsa n.sp.

97. Cameron, Pester, Notes on Hymenoptera, with descriptions of new

species: Ent, Soc. London Trans., pp. 555-563, 1881. (AF)
The following species, collected by Blackburn, are described from Hono-
lulu : Sierola n.gen., S. testaceipes n.sp. — Braconidae : Chelonus carinatus n.sp.,
Monolexis palliatus n.sp. — Chalcidae : Chalcis polynesialis n.sp., and Crab-
ronidae: Crabo polynesialis n.sp.

98. Karsch, F., Zur Kaferfauna der Sandwich-Marshall-und Gilberts-

Inseln: Berlin Ent. Zeit., vol. 25, pp. 1-14, pi. i, 1881. (AF)
(US)

The following species are recorded from Hawaii: Acupalpus biseriatus
n.sp., Platynus planus n.sp., Calpodes octoocellatus n.sp., Anisodactylus cuneatus
n.sp., Promecoderus fossulatus n.sp., Corymbites coruscus n.vSp., Blater humeralis
n.sp., Trypopitys capucinus n.sp.^ Bpitragus diremptus n.sp,, Rhyncolus opacus
n.sp., Aegosoma reflexum n.sp., Stasilea curmcornis n.sp., Clytarlus Unschi Har,,
C. pulvillatus n.sp.

99, Sharp, David, On some new Coleoptera from the Hawaiian
Islands: Ent. Soc. London Trans., pp. 507-534, 1881. (AF)

Descriptions are given of the following beetles collected by Blackburn;
Nitidulidae: Brachypeplus inauratus n.sp., B, affinis n.sp., B, bidens n.sp.,

B. vestitus n.sp., B. metallescens n.sp., B. varius n.sp., B. guttatus n.sp., B.
sordidus n.sp., B striatus n.sp, B. obsoletus n.sp., B. blackburni n.sp. —
Anobiidae: Xyletobius n.gen., X. marmoratus n.sp., X. nigrinus n.sp., X.
osculatus n.sp., Holcobius' n.gen., H. granulatus n.sp., H. glabricollis n.sp.,
H. major n.sp., Mirosternus n.gen., M, punctatus n.sp., M, obscurus n.sp.,
M. muticus n.sp., M. carinatus n.sp., M. glabripennis n.sp., M. debilis n.sp.,
M. bicolor n.sp. — Aglycyderidae : Proterhinus hystrix n.sp., P. dispar n.sp.,
P. gracilis n.sp., P. angularis n.sp., F. punctipennis n.s'p., P. validus n.sp. —
Cerambycidae : Clytarlus pennatus n.sp., and C fragilis n.sp.

100. Whiter, F. B., Descriptions of new species of heteropterous Hemip-

tera collected in the Hawaiian Islands by the Rev. T. Black-
burn, No. 3: Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 5th sen, vol. 7, pp.
52-59, 1881. (HSPA)

The species described are : Scutelleridae : Coleolichus blackburniae n.sp.
— 'Lygaeidae : Nysius blackburni n.sp., N. nitidus n.sp., N. nemorivagus n.sp.,
A^. rubescens n.sp., A^. pteridicola n.sp., N. vulcan n.sp., Cymus calvus n.sp.,

C. criniger n.sp. — Anthrocoridae : Dilasia denigrata White, D. decolor White,
Bilia dilecta White. — Emesidae: Ploiariodes n.gen., P. whitei (Blk.M.S.)n.sp.

101. Blackburn, Thomas, Descriptions of the larvae of Hawaiian Lepi-

doptera: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 19, pp. 55-56, 1882. (AF)

The species dis'cussed are: Vanessa tammaemea Eschscholtz, Holochila
blackburni Tuely, Agrotis cremata Butler and Rhodaria despecta Butler.

32 Bernice P, Bishop Museum — Bulletin

102. Blackburn, Thomas, Characters of new genera and descriptions of

new species of Geodephaga from the Hawaiian Islands, V:

Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 19, pp. 62-64, London, 1882. Continued

from vol. 17, p. 229.

The following species are described Anchomenidae : Cyclothorax
harschi n.sp., Acupalpus hiseriatus Karsch, Platynus planus Karsch, Colpodes
octocellatus Karsch, Anisodactylus cuneatus Karsch.

103. Blackburn, Thomas^ Hawaiian entomology: Haw. Ann. for

1882, pp. 58-61, Honolulu, 1881. (BM)

Blackburn says that Hawaii is a comparatively unexplored field of nat-
ural history. His statements may be summarized as follows : The Orth-
optera are represented by few species; no true grasshoppers and no Man-
tidae are known; about 500 species' of Coleoptera have been collected, 80
per cent of them apparently native; the Neuroptera (including Odonata)
have been little studied; the order Hymenotera is richer than other orders;
ants are numerous, the Madeira house ants, Pheidole pusilla Heer, being the
most abundant; the Lepidoptera are little known, but about 100 species have
been described — ^not a quarter of those that might be collected; Hemiptera
and Homoptera are represented in collections by about 100 species ; there
are probably hundreds' of species of Diptera, but scarcely 50 are represented
in collections; mosquitoes, (house) flies, and fleas are pests. Blackburn's
paper includes a bibliography of Hawaiian entomology.

104. Chamberlain, J. E., The peelua or army worm of the Hawaiian

Islands: Haw. Ann. for 1883, PP- 44-50* Honolulu, 1882. (BM)

A valuable historical paper upon the activities of Prodenia ingloria
Walk, as a pest of grasses,

105. Bormans, Aug. de, Faune orthopterologique des lies Hawai ou

Sandwich: Genoa Mus. Civ. di St. Nat. Ann., vol. 18, 11

Luglio, pp. 338-348, 1882. (AF) (US)

The following species collected by Blackburn are discussed :^Forficularia :
Anisolabis littorea White, A. maritima Bonelli, Labia pygidiata Dub., Che-
lisoches morio Fab., Poriicula hawaiensis n.sp. — Blattaria: Blatta hiero-
glyphica Brunn., Periplaneta decorata Brunn., P. ligata Brunn., P. americana
L/inn., Bleutheroda dytiscoides Serv., Panchlora surinamensis Linn., Onis-
cosoma pallida Brunn., Buthyrrapha paciUca Coquebert. — Locustodea: Hli-
maea appendiculata Brunn., Conocephalus blackburni n.s'p. Gryllodea: Gryl-
lus innotabilis Walk., Trigonidium paciUcum Scud.

106. BuTLKR, A. G., On a small collection of Lepidoptera from the Ha-

waiian Islands: Ent. Soc. London Trans., pp. 31-45, 1882.
(AF)

Descriptions are given of the following Lepidoptera collected by Black-
burn: Lycaenidae: Polyommatus boeticus Linn. — Leucaniidae: Leucania
extranea Guenee. — Gonopteridae : Gonitis hawaiiensis n.sp. — Hypocalidae :
Hypocala velans Walk. — Pyralidae : Locastra monticolens n.sp. — Steniidae :
Metasia abnormis n.sp., Scotomera hydrophila n.sp. — Botididae: Mestalobes
n.gen., M, aenone n.sp., M. simaethina n.sp., M. semiochrea n.sp., Scopula
constricta n.sp. — Scopariidae : Scoparia coarctata Zell. — Crambidae : Bromene
bella Hubn. — Tortricidae: Teras illepida n.sp., Proteopteryx walsinghamii
n.sp. — Tineidae: Tinea simulans n.sp. — Elachistidae : Laverna parda Butler,
var. montivolanSj L. aspersa n.sp, — Pterophoridae : Platyptilus littoralis n.sp.

Illingworth — Early references to Hawaiian entomology 33

107. WhitnE^y, H. M., The cane borer: Haw. Planters' Monthly, vol.

I, pp. 145-146, Honolulu, 1882. (BM) (HSPA)

A popular economic article — recommends burning.

108. Butler, A. G., On a small series of Lepidoptera from the Hawaiian

Islands: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 19, pp. 176-180, London, 1883.

(AF)

The following species are described: Scotorythra n.gen., S. arbor-
icolens n.sp., — Pyrales': Scopula litorea n.sp., Orthomecyna n.gen., O. albican-
data n.sp., O. exigua, var, cupreipennis, Melanomecyna n.gen., M. stellata
n.sp., Gesneria floricolens n.sp., — Tineina : Depressaria sp., Azinis hilarella
Walk.

109. Came:ron, Vftt^, Descriptions of new genera and species of Hy~

menoptera: Ent. Soc. London Trans., pp. 187-193, 1883. (AF)
Descriptions are given of the following Hymenoptera collected by
Blackburn : Chalcididae : Bpitranus lacteipennis n.sp., Moranila n.gen., M. tes-
taceiceps n.sp., Solindena n.gen., S. picticornis n.sp., Eupelmus flavipes n.sp.
— Evaniidae : Bvania sericea n.sp. — Ichneumonidae : Limneria polynesialis
n.sp., L, blackburni n.sp., Ophion lineatus n.sp., O. nigricans n.sp.

1 10. McLachlan, Robert, Neuroptera of the Hawaiian Islands: Annals

and Mag. Nat. Hist., Sth ser., vol. 12, pp. 226-240, 1883.

(HSPA)

Descriptions' are given of the following neuropteroid insects collected
by Blackburn: Termitidae: Calotermes castaneus Burm., C. marginipennis
Latr. — Embidae: Oligotoma insularis n.sp. — Psocidae: Psocus sp., Blipsocus
vinosus n.sp., Odonata, Pantala flavescens Fab., Tramea lacerata Hagen,
Lepthemis blackburni n.sp., Anax Junius Drury, A. strenuus Hagen, Agrion
xanthomelas Selys., A. hawaiiensis n.sp., A. pacificum n.sp., A. deceptor n.sp.,
A, calliphya n.sp., Megalagrion n.gen., M. blackburni n.sp., M. oceanicum
n.sp.

111. McLachlan, Robe:rt, Neuroptera of the Hawaiian Islands, Part

II, Planipennia, with general summary: Annals and Mag. Nat.
Hist., 5th ser., vol. 12, pp. 298-303, 1883. (HSPA)

This paper includes descriptions of neuropteroid insects collected by
Blackburn: Hemerobiidae : Megalomus sp.— Chrysopidae : Anomalochrysa
n.gen., A. hepatica n.sp., A. rufescens n.sp., Chrysopa microphya n.sp., C.
oceanica Walk. — Myrmeleontidae : Formicaleo perjurus Walk.

112. Me^yrick, Edward, Notes on Hawaiian Microlepidoptera : Ent.

Month. Mag., vol. 20, pp. 31-36, 1883. (AF)

Descriptions' are given of the following moths collected by Blackburn :
Conchylidae : Heterocossa achroana n.sp. — Gelechidae : Depressaria indecora
Butl., Thyrocopa n.gen., T. {Depressaria) usitata Butl., Synomotis n.gen., vS*.
epicapna n.sp., Automola n.gen., A. pelodes n.sp., Parasia sedata Butl.,
Diplosara n.gen., D. (Sardia) lignivora Butl. — Tineidae: Blabophanes longella
Walk.

113. Smith, W. O., Cane borer: Planters' Monthly, vol. 2, pp. 56-57,

Honolulu, 1883. (HSPA)

This is' a popular article, which includes suggestive discussion of con-
trol measures.

34 Bernice P, Bishop Museum — Bulletin

114. WhiT]^, F. B., Report on the pelagic Hemiptera procured during the

voyage of H.M.S. ''Challenger/' in the years 1873-76: Rept.
Voyage H.M.S. "Challenger/' Zoology, vol. 7, 82 pp., 3 pis.
(2 col.), London, 1883. (BM)

Describes Holobates sericeus Esch., the principal species occurring in
the waters about Hawaii. (See pp. 47-48, PI. i, fig. 7.)

115. Blackburn, Thomas, Notes on some Hawaiian Carabidae: 'Ent.

Month. Mag., vol. 21, pp. 25-26, London, 1884. (AF)

Discusses Atrachynemis, Anchomenus muscicola Blackb., and Mauna
n.gen. created for the insect hitherto called Blackburni frigida Blackb.

116. Blackburn, Thomas, Notes on Hawaiian Neuroptera with descrip-

tions of new species: Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. 5th ser.,
vol. 14, pp. 412-421, 1884. (HSPA)

The species described are: Odonata: Agrion satelles n.sp., A. oahuense
n.sp., A. nigro-hamatum n.sp., A. koelense n.sp., A. paciUcum Macl. — Hem-
erobiidae : Megalomus spp. — Chrysopidae : Anomalochrysa maclachlani n.sp.,
A. Montana n.sp., A. ornatipennis n.sp.

117. KiRBY, W. F., On the Hymenoptera collected during the recent ex-

pedition of H.M.S. "Challenger'^ Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist.,

5th ser., vol. 13, p. 402, 1884. (HSPA)

This paper includes the following references to Hawaiian insects :
Evaniidae Bvania laevigata Latr. (p. 403). — ^Vespidae: Polistes aurifer
Sauss. (p. 410), P. carnifex Fab. (p. 411).

118. Oste:n-SackEn, C. R., Facts concerning the importation or non-

importation of Diptera into distant countries: Ent. Soc. Lon-
don Trans., pp. 489-496, 1884. (AF)

These interesting historical notes relate to the introduction of the night
mosquito, Ciilex quinquefasiatus Say.

119. Sharp, David, On some genera of the subfamily Anchomeninl

(Platynini Horn.) from the Hawaiian Islands: Ent. Month.

Mag., vol. 20, pp. 217-.219, London, 1884. (AF)
The following genera are discussed : Metromenus n.gen., Colpodiscus n.
gen., Barypristus n.gen., Blackburni, Disenochus, Atrachycnemis and Cy-
clothorax.

120. Blackburn, Thomas, and Sharp, David, Memoirs on the Coleop-

tera of the Hawaiian Islands: Roy. Dublin Soc. Trans., 2d
ser., vol. 3, pp. 119-290, pis. 4 and 5, 1885. (BM) (AF)
(HSPA)

This* resume of knowledge of the Coleoptera of Hawaii includes de-
scriptions of the following new genera and species' : Dytiscidae : Coplatus
mauiensis n.sp. — Staphylinidae : Bolitochara impacta n.sp., Diestota montana
n.sp., D. incognita n.sp., Myllaena pacifica n.sp., M. oahuensis n.sp., Oligota
kauaiensis n.sp., O. longipennis n.sp., O simulans n.sp., O. variegata n.sp.,
O. prolixa n.sp., Lithocharis incompta n.sp., Oxytelus hledioides n.sp., Lis-
pinodes quadratus n.sp., L, pallescens n.sp., — Corylophidae : Corylophus ro-
tundus n.sp., C. suturalis n.sp., Sericoderus hasalis n.sp., 5. pubipennis n.sp.,
Orthoperus aequalis n.sp. — Histeridae: Bacanius atomarius n.sp., B. confusus
n.sp., Acritus insularis n.sp., Aeletes longipes n.sp., A. concentricus n.s'p., A.

lUingworth — Early references to Hawaiian entomology 35

monticola n.sp., A. facilis n.sp. — Nitidulidae : Gonioryctus fugitivus n.sp., G.
similis n.sp., Brachypeplus olinda n.sp., B. torvus, n.sp., B. koelensis n.sp.,

B, floricola n.sp,, B. celatus n.sp., B. apertus n.sp., B. quadracallis n.sp., B.
parallelus n.sp., B. expers n.sp., B. spretus n.sp., B. hicolor, n.sp., B. dis-
cedens Sh.var., kauaiensis n.var., and B. blackburni Sh.var. lanaiensis n.var.- —
Colydiidae: Hulachus hispidus n.sp., — Cucujidae: Brontolaemus n.gen., B.
elegans n.sp., Laemorphloeus aeneus n.sp., Monanus hrevicornis n.sp., Tele-
phanus insularis n.sp., T. pallidipennis n.sp. — Crytophagidae : Telmatophilus
debilis n.sp. — Erotylidae: Buxestus minor n.sp., Eidoreus n.gen., H. minutus
n.sp. — Coccinellidae : Scymnus vividus n.sp., S. ocellatus n.sp., S. discendens
n.sp. — Dermestidae: Attagenus pleheius n.sp., Labrocerus n.gen., L. jaynei
n.sp., L. concolor n.sp., L. obscurus n.s'p., Cryptorhopalum brevicorne n.sp.,

C. terminale n.sp. — Eucnemidae: Fornax bonvouloiri n.sp., F. sculpturatus
n.sp., F. parallelus n.sp., F. longicornis n.sp., F. obtusus n.sp, — Elateridae:
Eopenthes n.gen., B, basalts n.sp., £. obscurus n.sp., B. debilis n.sp., B. konae
n.sp., B. ambiguus n.sp., £. satelles n.sp., Itodacnus n.gen., /. gracilis n.sp. —
Malacodermidae : Helcogaster pectinatus n.sp.,Caccodes n.gen., C. debilis
n.sp. — Ptinidae : Xyletobius insignis n.sp., X. affinis n.sp., X. serricornis n.sp.,
X. lineatus n.sp., Catorama pusilla n.sp., Mirosternus acutus n.sp. — Bostrich-
idae : Bostrichus migrator n.sp. — Cioidae : Ci.? bimaculatus n.sp., C nigro-
fasciatus n.sp., C longipennis, n.sp., C apicalis n.sp., C setarius n.sp., C
concolor n.sp., C. chloroticus n.sp., C calidus n.sp., C. insularis n.sp., C
roridus n.sp., C attenuatus n.sp., C ephistemoides n.sp., C vagepunctatus
n.sp. — Tenebrionidae : Platydema obscurum n.sp., Sciophagus n.gen. for
Heterophaga pandanicola Esch., Labetes tibialis Wat., Cistela crassicornis
n.sp., Anthicus mundulus n.sp., Ananca collaris n.sp. — Aglyceleridae : Proter-
hinus linearis n.sp., P. scutatus n.sp., P. similis n.sp., P. laticollis n.sp.,_ P.
tarsalis n.sp., P robustus n.sp., P. ineptus n.sp., P. integer n.sp., P. detritus
n.sp., P. longicornis n.sp., P. insignis n.sp. — Curculonidae : Rhyncogonus n.
gen., i^. blackburni n.sp., P. vestitus n.sp., Acalles lateralis n.sp., ^. duplex
n.sp., /4. angusticollis n.sp., ^. mauiensis n.sp., ^. tgnotus n.sp., ^. decoratus
n.sp., Chaenosternum n.gen., C konanum n.sp., Hyperomorpha n.gen., H.
squamosa n.sp., Calandra remota n.sp., Oodemas tardum n.sp., O. aequale
n.sp., 0. crassicorne n.sp., Heteramphus n.gen., iiZ". wollastoni n.sp., H. foveatus
n.sp., jF/. hirtellus n.sp., H. cylindricus n.sp., Pseudolus n.gen., for Rhyncolus
longillus Boh., Dolichotelus n.gen., D. apicalis n.sp. — Scolytidae: Xyleborus
obliquus n.sp., Z. truncatus n.sp., X. rugatus n.sp., X. insularis n.sp., X.
immaturus n.sp., X. frigidus n.sp., Hypothenemus griseus n.sp. — Anthribidae:
Mauia n.gen., M. satelles n.sp. — Cerambycidae : Clytarlus blackburni n.sp., C.
y?/i/>^.y n.sp.

121. Hage)n, H. a., Monograph of the Embidina: Can. Ent., vol. 17,

pp. 141-155, 1885. (HSPA) (AF) (UH)

Records' Ologotoma insularis McLachl., in alcohol, from Honolulu,
taken in a private garden greenhouse. (See p. 143.)

122. Mi^YRiCK, Edward, Descriptions of New Zealand Micro-lepidoptera

VII, Tortricina: N. Zeal. Inst. Trans., vol. 17, pp. 141-149
(1885). (BM)

Chiloides straminea Butl., originally described from Hawaii, is here
recorded also in New Zealand (p. 142).

123. "^Reute^r, O. M., Monographia anthocoridarum orbis terrestis: Acta

Soc. Sci. Fenn., vol. 14, pp. 555-758, 1885.

124. Sharp, David, Note on the genus Plagithmysus Motsch. : Soc. Ent.

Belg. Bull, for 1885, PP- lxxiv-lxxv (Compt. rend.), 1885.
This paper clears up the synonomy of this genus.

36 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

125. Blackburn, Thomas, and Cameron, Pete:r, On the Hymenoptera

of the Hawaiian Islands: Manchester Lit. Soc. Mem., ser. 3,
vol. 10, pp. 194-244, 1886. (BM)

This excellent paper includes the following descriptions : Anthophila :
Andrenidae: Prosopis fuscipennis Smith, P. satellus n.sp., P. blackburni
Smith, P. facilis Smith, P. flavifrons Kirby, P. kona n.sp., P. coniceps n.sp.,
P. rugiventris n.sp., P. hilaris Smith, P. volatilis Smith, P. anthracina Smith,
P. flavipes Smith. — Apidae : Megachile diligens Smith, Xylocopa aeneipennis
De Gear. — Fossores : Ves'pidae : PoUstes aurifer Sauss, P. hebraeus Fab.,
Odynerus radula Fab., O. extraneus Kirby, 0. nigripennis Holmgren, O.
dromedarius n.sp., O. vulcanus n.sp., O. hawaiiensis n.sp., O. haleakalae n.sp.,
O. congruus Smith, O. dubiosus Smith O. rubritinctus Smith, O. blackburni
Kirby, O. montanus Smith, O. cardinalis n.sp., 0. paciUcus n.sp., O. rubro-
pustulatus n.sp., O. obscure-punctatus n.sp,, O. diversus n.sp., O. agilis Smith,
O. insulicola n.sp. — Crabronidae : Crabro affinis Smith, C. mauiensis n.sp.,
C. distinctus Smith, C mandibularis Smith, C, polynesialis Cameron, C, ab-
normis, n.sp., C. unicolor Smithy C. stygius Kirby, C. adspectans n.sp., C.
rubro-caudatus n.sp. — Larridae: Pison iridipennis Smith, P. hospes Smith. —
Sphegidae: Pelopaeus caementarius Drury, Mimesa antennata Smith. —
Heterogena: Formicidae: Camponotus sexguttatus Fab., Tapinoma melano-
cephala Fab., Prenolepis longicornis Latr., P. obscura Mayr. — Poneridae :
Ponera contracta Latr., Leptogenys insularis Smith. — Myrmicidae: Mono-
morium specularis Mayr, Tetramorium guineense Fab., Pheidole megacephala
Fab., Solenopsis geminata Fab. — Oxyura: Scleroderma polynesialis Saunders,
Sierola testaceipes Cameron, S. monticola n.sp., S. leuconeura n.sp. — Tere-
brantia: Ichneumonidae : Pimplides, Bchthromorpha maculipennis Holmgren,
B. flavo-orbitalis n.sp., Pimpla hawaiiensis n.sp. — Tryphonides : Metacoelus
femoratus Grav. — Ophionides : Ophion lineatus Cameron, O. nigricans Cam-
eron, Limneria polynesialis Cameron, L. blackburni Cameron, L. hawaiiensis
n.sp. — Braconidae: Chelonus blackburni Cameron, Monolexisf palliatus Cam-
eron. — Evaniidae: Bvania sericea Cameron, B. laevigata Latr. — Chalcididae:
Bpitranus lacteipennis Cameron, Chalcis polynesialis Cameron, Spalangia
hirta Haliday, Moranila testaceipes Cameron, Solindenia picticornis Cameron,
Bupelmus flavipes Cameron, Bncyrtus insularis n.sp.

126. Walker, J. J., Anosia plexippus Linn. (Danais archippus Fabr.) :

A study in geographical distribution: Ent. Month, Mag., vol."
22, pp. 217-224, London, 1886. (AF)

Walker states that Anosia plexippus, '^miobserved by the early voy-
agers to the Sandwich Islands, it is now abundant and firmly established
there." (p. 219).

127. Came:ron^ Pet^^r, Note on the Hymenoptera of the Hawaiian Islands :

Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 23, p. 195, London, 1887. (AF)
The species' discussed are: Odynerus nautarum=0. insulicola Sm.,
Odynerus sandwichensis=0. rubritinctus Sm.

128. Bailky, Edward, The flora and fauna of the Hawaiian Islands:

Haw. Ann. for 1888, pp. 49-54, Honolulu, 1887.

Contains a brief interesting account of the insects of the islands',

129 *BiG0T, J. M. F., Dipteres nouveaux ou peu connus, 3^ partie, xli,
Tachinidae: Soc. Ent. France Ann., ser, 6, vol. 8, pp. 77-101,
1888.

Chaetogaedia monticola is described.

Illingworth — Early references to Hawaiian entomology 37

130. Blackburn, Thomas, Notes on the Hemiptera of the Hawaiian

Islands: Linn. Soc. N. S. W. Froc, 2d ser., vol. 3, pp. 343-
354, 1888. (BM) (HSPA) (AF)

The following species are included : Scutatina : Aechalia sp., Coleo-
tichus sp., Geotomus subtrisHs White, and G. jucundus White. — Lygaeina:
Nysius longicollis n.sp., A^. mauiensis n.sp., N. whitei n.sp., Metrarga con-
tracta n.sp., M, obscura n.sp., Capsina sp. — Anthrocorina : Acanthia lectularia
Iv., Cardiastethis sp., Lilia sp., Dilasia sp. — Emesidae: Ploiariodes rubro-
maculata n.sp., P. pulchra n.sp. — Nabina: Nabis rtibritinctus n.s'p., N. oscil-
lanSj n.sp,, A'', innotatus White, N. koelensis n.sp., AT. subrufus White, A^.
curtipennis n.sp. — Saldina: Salda oahuensis n.sp.

131. Mi^YRiCK, Edward, On Pyralidina of the Hawaiian Islands: Ent.

Soc. London Trans., pp. 209-246, 1888. (AF) (US)

The material for this extensive list of moths was collected by Black-
burn during his six-years' residence in the islands, 1877- 1883. Some inter-
esting notes on origin and distribution are included. The list follows :
Pyralididae : Asopia gerontialis Walk. — Hydrocampidae : Paraponyx linaelis
Gn. — Botydidae: Margarodes exaula n.sp., Omiodes blackburni Butl., O.
(Botys) accepta Butl., O. (Salbia) continuatalis Wallgr., O. (Botys) de-
maratalis Walk., O. monogona n.sp., O. liodyta n.sp., O. (Botys) localis Butl.,
Zinckenia recurvalis P., Scopula eucrena n.sp., S. (Locastra) monticolans
Butl, S. (Aporodes) micacea Butl., S. (Mecyna) nigrescens Butl, »9.
(Mecyna) ennychioides Butl., S. (Melanomecyna) stellata Butl., S. argos-
celis n.sp., S, (Rhodaria) despecta Butl., Protocolletis n.gen., P. (Scopula)
constricta Butl., Mecyna (Anemosa) aurora Butl., M. virescens Butl., Orth-
omecyna albicaudata Butl., O. (Mecyna) exigua Butl., O. aphanopis n.sp.,
Mesfolobes (Metasia) abnormis Butl., M. semiochrea Butl., M. minuscula
Butl., Burycreon litorea Butl.— Scopariadae : Scoparia frigida Butl., Xerocopa
venosa Butl., X. melanopis n.sp., X, ambrodes n.sp., X. demodes n.sp., X.
ischnias n.sp., X. hawaiensis Butl., X. pachysema n.sp., X. mesoleuca n.sp.,
X (Scoparia) formosa Butl., X. (Scoparia) jacunda Butl. — Pterophoridae :
Trichoptilus (Aciptilia) hawaiensis Butl., Platyptilia rhynchophora n.sp., P.
cosmodactyla Hb., P. brachymorpha nsp., P. (Platyptilus) littoralis Butl. —
Crambidae: Bromene ocellea Hw., Hednota (Gesneria) floricolens (rect.
floricolans) Butl., H. (Scotomera) hydrophila Butl., H. oxyptera n.sp. —
Phycitidae: Bphestia (Plodia) inter punctella Hb., B. desuetella Walk., B.
euletla Hb., Homoeosoma (Bphestia) humeralis Butl., Genophantis n.gen., G.
iodora n.sp. — ^Galleriadae : Achroea grisella B".

132. Riley, C. V., A Sandwich Island sugar-cane borer, Sphenophorus

obscurus Boisd. : Insect Life, vol. i, pp. 185-189, illus., 1888.

(HSPA) (UH) (BM)

This' paper gives a description of the several stages of development
with references to the literature.

133. Dalla Torre:, K. W. v., Hymenopterolgische Notizen: Wien. Ent.

Zeit, vol. 8, p. 124, 1889. (HSPA)

Contains the following note: "Odynerus cardinalis Blackb. u. Cam.
1886) non Mor. (1885) =0. rudolphi M,"

134. Kalakaua Re:x, An act relating to the suppression of plant dis-

eases, blight, and insect pests: Laws of the Hawaiian Islands,
chap. 2, 1890,

Section 2 relates to the prevention of introduction of any plant disease,
blight, or insect pests injurious to vegetation, and extermination of such as

3^ Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

were already established. Section 3 deals specifically with the landing of
plants or soil by the masters of vessels entering Hawaiian ports and makes
provision for inspection. Section 4 provides for destruction of imported
plants or other material found to be infested. Section 5 requires every
person to immediately report infestation of vegetation wherever discovered.
Section 6 provides for the enactment of further regulations preventing the
introduction and spread of plant diseases, blight, and insect pests.

135- CoQUiLLETT, D. W., Icerya in Honolulu: Insect Life, vol. 3, p. 329,
189 1.

Icerya is said to have made its appearance in the Hawaiian islands
during the spring of 1889, but widely distributed in 1890 — in about 50 gar-
dens in Honolulu. The pest is thought to have come in on fruit from Cal-
ifornia. The predaceous' Vedalia beetle was introduced from California, and
by November, 1890, Icerya was rare.

136. RiLKY, C. v., Rept. of the Ent., Rept. U. S. Dept. Agric. to Sec.

Agric, p. 234, 1891.

Mr. Koebele left specimens of Chilocorus bivulnerus at Honolulu, while
on his way from California to Sydney.

137. Rile;y, C. v., and Howard, L. O., Introduction of Icerya into Ho-

nolulu: Insect Life, vol. 3, p. 307, 1891. (HSPA)

Refers to the introduction of Icerya from California and its successful
control by introducing the Vedalia.

138. McLachlan, Robe:rt, Supplementary note on the Neuroptera of the

Hawaiian Islands: Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., vol.

10, pp. 176-178, 1892. (HSPA)

McLachlan suggests that Deielia fasciata Kirby is probably a mistaken
locality — since this" dragon fly does not occur in Hawaii (p. 177). A new
Myrmeleonidae, Pormicaleo wilsoni n.sp., from I^anai, is described.

139. Kalakaua Re:x, An act to establish a bureau of agriculture and

forestry: Laws of the Hawaiian Islands, Chapter 81, Sec. 4,
1892.

The act provides for guarding against the introduction of plant dis-
eases or insect pests and the suppression of those already affecting agri-
cultural products and live stock.

140. Warren^ W., Description of new genera and species of Pyralidae:

Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist, Ann., ser. 6, vol. 9, pp. 429-442,
1892.

A new genus, Loxocreon, is created for Meyrick's Omiodes of the
Hawaiian islands. Type L. continuatalis Wllngrn. (Salbia).

140a. Koebele:, Albert, Studies of parasitic and predaceous insects in
New Zealand, Australia, and adjacent islands: U. S. Dept.
Agric, [Report No. 51] Washington, 1893. (BM)

Work in Honolulu is referred to on pa^e 5 and apfain on page 11,
where the following pests are discussed: Dactylopius spp., Pulvinaria
psidii Mask., Lecanium acuminatum Sign., L. depressum Sign., and L.
longulum Dougl. The introduction of Cryptolaemus montrousieri Muls. and
Rhizobius spp. is recommended. Koebele further states that a number of
Chilocorus hivulenerus Muls. were turned loose in good condition. He also
found internal parasites preying upon the various species' of Lecanidae in

Illingworth — Early references to Hawaiian entomology 39

Honolulu, and one of these he took to California in considerable numbers,
liberating them in an orange orchard infested with Lecanium oleae Burm.
and L, hesperidum Linn, A few species of Scymnids and Coccinella ahdomi-
nalis Say. were also found. These insects are discussed also on page 23,
where it is stated that the Coccinella ahdominales was sent to California and
liberated on Lecanium hesperidum Linn. ; and that three small Scymnids were
found among the insects sent from Honolulu.

141. Maskell^, W. M., Further coccid notes: with descriptions of new

species from Australia, India, Sandwich Islands, Demerara,
and South Pacific: N. Zeal. Inst. Trans., vol. 25, pp. 201-252^
pis. 11-18, 1893.

The following Hawaiian species' are described: Lecanium acuminatum
Sign., iy. longulum Dougl., Pulvinaria psidii n.sp., Sphaerococcus bambusae
n.sp.

142. Riley, C. V., and Howard, L. O., An injurious Hawaiian beetle

(Adoretus umbrosus) : Insect Life, vol. 6, p. 43, 1893. (HSPA)
(UH)

This species was first noticed in Hawaii about 1891 and in 1893 it
had already become a serious pest, riddling the leaves of many trees and
plants.

143. Thrum, Thomas, Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry: Haw. Ann.

for 1894, pp. 92-94, Honolulu, 1893. (BM) (PL) (UH)

Refers to the engagement of Prof. A. Koebele to study the blight
and insect enemies of vegetation and to discover remedies for them. Men-
tions consignments of coccinellids and toads from California.

144. Dyar, H. G., Preparatory stages of Lephygama flammaculaita Harv.,

and other notes: Can. Ent., vol. 26, pp. 65-69, 1894. (HSPA)'
(AF) (UH)
Includes description of all stages.

145. Coope:r, Elwood, Address of the president: CaHf. Sta. Bd. Hort,

4th Bien. Rept. 1893-4, pp. 240-250, Sacramento, 1894. (HSPA)
(AF)

Refers to the engagement of Koebele by the Hawaiian Government to
search for parasites in Australia (p. 246),

146. Craw, Ale:xande:r, Entomology and quarantine: Calif. Sta. Bd.

Hort., 4th Bien. Rept. 1893-4, PP- 79-109, Sacramento, 1894,
(US) (HSPA) (AF)

Records oleanders from Honolulu infested with scale, Aspidiotus sp.
(pp. 79-80).

147. Thrum, Thomas, CoiTee outlook in Hawaii: Haw. Ann. for 1895,

pp. 65-68, Honolulu, 1894, (BM)

A brief discussion of coffee blight and its control by introduced in-
sects.

148. Brunne:r, V. Wattenwyl, On the Orthoptera of the Saridwich

Islands: Zool. Soc. London Proc, pp. 891-897, 1895. (BM)
(AF) (US)

40 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

The following species are included: Dermaptera: Anisolabis litforea
White, A. maritima Bon., A. paciUca Erichs., A. annuUpes Luc, Labia
pygidiata Dubr., Chelisoches morio Fab., Poriicula hawaiensis Borm. —
Blattodea: Phyllodromia heiroglyphica Brun., P. obtusata, n.sp., Stylopyga
decorata Brun., Methana ligata Brun., Periplaneta americana L., Bleutheroda
dyfiscoides Serv., Leucophaea surinamensis Fab., Oniscosoma pallida Brun.,
Buthyrrapha paciUca Conqueb. — Acridiodea: Oxya velox Fab. — Locustodea:
Blimaea appendiculata Brun., Brachymetopa discolor Redtenb., B. blackburni
Borm., B. deplanata n.sp., B. nitida n.sp., Xiphidium fuscum Fab. — Gryllodea:
Gryllus innotabilis Walk., G. poeyi Sauss., Paratrigonidium paciUcum
(Scudd.), P. atroferrugineum n.sp., Prognathogryllus n.gen. ex tribu Pro-
doscirtium, P. alatus n.sp., P. f orbicularis n.sp. ; the last two figured.

149. Cocke:re:ll, T. D. a., Notes on the geographical distribution of

scale insects: U. S. Nat. Mtis. Proc, vol. 17, pp. 615-625,

1895. (BM) (UH)

The following are included from Hawaii (p. 621) : Dactylopius citri,
Lecanium hesperidum, L. depressum, L. oleae, L. acuminatum, Asterole^
canium pustulans, Pulvinaria psidii, and Sphaerococcus bambusae. Only the
last two were originally described from Hawaiian specimens.

150. Cocke:re:ll, T. D. a., Miscellaneous notes on Coccidae: Can. Ent.,

vol. 27, pp. 253-261, 1895. (HSPA) (US)

Mentions Asterolecanium pustulans (Ckll.) on oleander from Hono-
lulu (p. 259).

151. Dyar, H. G., Preparatory stages of Phlegethontius cingulata

(Sphinx convohuH) : Ent. News, vol. 6, p. 95, 1895. (AF)
(UH) (HSPA)
Includes descriptions of all stages.

152. Kol^B^LE), Albe^rt, Report of the entomologist: Republic of Hawaii,

Min. of Interior, Rept. for 1894, pp. 98-104, Honolulu, 1894.

(US)

The report discusses injurious insects in Hawaii. Koebele says that
thougfi these are numerous they may be controlled by introducing natural
enemies. He mentions some of the principal scale pests and reviews the
numerous species of ladybird beetles sent from California to prey upon them.

153. Marsd^n, Joseph, Blights and insect pests: Republic of Hawaii,

Min. Int. Rept. for the nine months ending Dec. 31, 1894, pp.

31-38, Honolulu, 1895.

This paper lists about three dozen species of Coccinellidae which were
successfully sent from Australia and liberated in Hawaii to prey upon plant
lice, scale insects, and red spiders. Control measures are discussed for the
Japanese beetle (Adoretus) with suggestions for the introduction of moles,
bats, and toads. Notes a suggestion from University of California that the
caneborer (Rhabdocnemis ob s cur us Bo'isd.) is a native of New Ireland, and
that this island is the place to search for parasites. Discusses the damage
done by this pest in Fiji.

154. MarsdEn, Jose^ph, Blights and insect pests: Report to commis-

sioners of Agriculture and Forestry: Rept. Min. Int. Repub.
Haw., for 1895, PP- 1 18-120, 1896.

Records a marked decrease in scale pests', due to the introduction of
natural enemies. This is particularly true in regard to the coffee scale, which

Illingworth — Barly references to Hamadian entomology 41

is said to be a thing of the past. The Japanese beetle is reported trouble-
some, also the red spider (Tetranychus telarius) on coffee, and cutworms' on
the canaigre plant.

155. Maske^ll, W. M., Synoptical list of Coccidae reported from Austra-

lasia and the Pacific Islands up to December, 1894: N. Zeal.
Inst. Trans., vol. 2y, pp. 1-35, 1895. (BM)

The following are mentioned from Hawaii: Aspidiotus aurantii Mask.,
A. longispina Morg., A. nerii Bouche, Diaspis hoisduvalii Sign., D. rosae
Sandb., Mytilaspis flava Targioni-Tozzetti, var. hawaiiensis Mask., M. pallida
Green, var. ( ?) Mask., M, pomorum Bouche, Chionaspis {?) biclavis Comst.,
var. detecta Mask., C. prunicola Mask., Lecanium acuminatum Sign., L. longu-
lum Dougl., L. nigrum Niet., var. depressum Targioni-Tozzetti, L. oleae Bern.,
Pulvinaria mammeae Mask., P. psidii Mask., Dactylopius vastator Mask.,
Sphaerococcus bambusae Mask., Icerya purchasi Mask.

156. Mask^ll, W. M., Further coccid notes with description of new

species from New Zealand, Australia, Sandwich Islands, and
elsewhere, and remarks upon species already reported: N.
Zeal. Inst. Trans., vol. 27, pp. 36-75, pis. 1-7, 1895. (BM)

The following species concern Hawaii: Aspidiotus longispina Morg.,
Diaspis boisduvalii Sign., Mytilaspis pallida Green, M. flava Targioni-Tozzetti,
Chionaspis prunicola n. sp., C. biclavis Comst., var. detecta n. var., Pulvinaria
mammeae n. sp., Dactylopius vastator n. sp.

157. Sharp, David, Cambridge Natural History, vol. 5, Insects, part i,

pp. 83-584, and vol. 6, Insects part 2, pp. 1-625, London, 1895.

(BM) (UH)

In part i, reference is made to Oligotoma insularis (p. 354) and to the
numerous chrysopides in Hawaii (p. 471). The pecularities of Hawaiian
Odonata are discussed (pp. 425-426). In part 2, the Hawaiian bees (Prosopis,
pp. 21-22) and the peculiarities of Hawaiian wasps (Odynerus, pp. 76-77) are
discussed.

158. Tryon^ HKnry, New cane varieties and new diseases: The Plant-

ters' Monthly, vol. 14, pp. 449-459, Honolulu, 1895.

Discusses the distribution of the beetle-borer (Rhabdocnemis obscurus
Boisd.). This New Guinea borer is said to occur also in New Ireland, Ta-
hiti, Fiji, and Hawaii.

159. Ah^KtN, J, D., Zur Insectenfauna der Hawaiischen und Neusee-

landischen Inseln. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific
(Schauinsland 1896-7): Zool Jahrb., 19 Band, Heft 5 (1903).
(BM) (HSPA)

Includes notes on the various insects collected on the Hawaiian islands,
including Laysan.

160. Ali^kEn, J. D., Neue Orthopteren von Neuseeland und der Ha-

waiischen Inseln, nebst kritischen Bemerkungen zu einigen be-
kannten Arten. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific
(Schauinsland 1896-7) : Abh. nat. Ver. Bremen, vol. 17, pp.
141-152 (1901). (BM)
Paranemobius n.gen. and P. schauinslandi n.sp. are described (p. 145).

42 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

i6i. CoCK^RELL, T. D. A., A check-list of the Coccidae: III Sta. Lab.
Nat. Hist. Bull. 4, pp. 318-339, 1896. (HSPA)

Lists the following from Sandwich Islands : Dactylopius vastator Mask,
(p. 2>'^6)^ Sphaerococcus bambusae Mask. (p. 329), Pulvinaria mammeae Mask,
(p- 330) J Mytilaspis flava, var. hawaiiensis Mask, (p.336).

162. Craw^ Alexand]e;r^ A list of scale insects found upon plants enter-

ing the port of San Francisco: U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Ent.
Bull. 4, Tech. ser., pp. 40-41, 1896. (AF) (UH)

The following are listed from Honolululu : Aspidiotus nerii Bouche, on
palms; Asterolecanium pustulans CklL, on oleander; Ceroplastes rub ens Mask.,
on Asplenium fern; Diaspis patellae formis Sasak., on shrub; Dactylopius al-
bissiae Mask., on orange; Icerya purchasi Mask., on rose; Lecanium hes-
peridum Linn., on orange; Lecanium longulum Dougl., on Carica papaya; Le-
canium perforatum Newst, on palms ; Lecanium tessellatum Sign., on ferns ;
Lecanium oleae Bern., on deciduous magnolia; Pulvinaria psidii Mask., on
ferns, orange, coffee, pomegranate and avocado.

163. Craw, Alexander, Injurious insect-pests found on trees and plants

from foreign countries: Calif. Sta. Bd. Hort., 5th Bien. Rept.
for 1895-6, pp. 33-55, pis. 6-8, Sacramento, 1896. (US)

The following references to Hawaii: Chionaspis dele eta Mask. (p. 37) ^
Diaspis patelliformis? Sasak. (p. 39), Planchonia {Asterolecanium) pustulans .
Cock. (p. 43), Ceroplastes rubens Mask. (p. 44), Lecanium nigrum Niet., L^
perforatum News, and L. tesselatum Sign. (p. 46), Pulvinaria psidii Mask.,
and Adoretus umbrosus Z. (p. 47).

164. Craw, Ale:xande:r, Entomology and quarantine: Calif. State Bd.

Hort., 5th Bien. Rept. for 1895-6, pp. 127-135, Sacramento,

1896. (US)

Includes the following references to Hawaii: Lecanium longulum Doug.,
taken on papaws (Carica papaya), and Ceroplastes rubens Msisk. on ferns
(pp. 127-8), and the mongoose (p. 135).

165. Howard, L. O., and Marlatt, C. L., The San Jose scale: U. S.

Dept. Agric, Div. Ent. Bull. 3, n. ser., pp. 1-80, 1896. (HSPA)
Mr. Koebele found this scale on the island of Kauai upon prune and
peach trees imported from California, some trees having been utterly de-
stroyed by the scale and others badly infested.

166. Korbe^le:, Albert, Report on insect pests : Haw. Planters' Monthly,

vol. 15, pp. 590-598, Honolulu, 1896. (HSPA) (US)
The following pests are discussed and suggestions given for their con-
trol : the cane borer, Sphenophorus obscurus Boisd. ; the coffee borer, Aego-
soma reflexum Karsch. ; the coconut pyralid, Botys sp. ; the cut-worm, La-
phygma frugiperda Hub.; the mole cricket, Gryllotalpa sp., the sugarcane
mealy bug, Dactylopius calceolaria Mask. ; and plant lice. Aphis sp.

167. Marlatt, C. L., Insect control in CaUfornia: U. S. Dept. Agric.

Yearbk,, pp. 217-236, 1896. (BM)

Includes a reference to the introduction of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri
Muls., which had been very successful in Hawaii in ridding coffee plantations
of Pulvinaria psidii (p. 226).

Illingworth — Early references to Hawaiian entomology 43

168. Perkins, R. C. L., A collecting trip on Haleakala, Maui, Sandwich

Islands: Ent. Month. Mag., 2d ser., vol. 7, pp. 190-195, 1896.
(BM) (AP)

169. Sharp, David, On Plagithmysus, a Hawaiian genus of longicorn

Coleoptera: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 32, pp. 237-240, 241-245,
271-274, London, 1896.

The following species are described: Plagithmysus vitticollis n. sp., P.
newelli n. sp., P. concolor n. sp., P, solitarius n. sp., P. cuneatus n. sp., P.
(Clytarlus) iHnschi Har., P. pulverulentus Motsch., P. hishopi n. sp., P. m-
cinus n. sp., P. bilineatus n. sp., P. lanaiensis n. sp., P. perkinsi n. sp., P. t^an-
ans n.sp., P. darwinianus n.sp., P. (Clytarlus) blackburni Sharp, P. sul-
phurescenes n. sp., P. speculifer n. sp., P. aestivus n. sp., P. funebris n. sp.,
P. aequalis n. sp., P. arachnipes n. sp., P. (Clytarlus) cristalus Sharp.

170. Townse:nd, C. H. T., Some Mexican and Japanese injurious insects

liable to be introduced into the United States: U. S. Dept.
Agric. Div. Ent. Bull. 4, Tech. ser., pp. 9-25, 1896.

Includes several brief references to species occurring in the Sandwich
Islands.

171. CockEre:ll, T. D. a., San Jose scale and its nearest allies: U. S.

Dept. Agric, Bur. Ent. Bull. 6, Tech. ser., 1897. (UH)
Morganella n. subg. is proposed for maskelli n.sp. (p. 22).

172. Cockere:ll, T. D. a., Food plants of scale insects: U. S. Nat.

Mus. Proc, vol. 19, pp. 725-785, 1897. (BM)

Most of the Hawaiian species are included in this extensive list.

173. CoQUiLLE^TT, D. W., Revision of the Tachinidae of America north

of Mexico: U. S. Dept. Agric, Bur. Ent. Bull. 7, Tech. ser.,
1897. (UH)
Chaetogaedia monticola Bigot is recorded from Hawaii, pp. 11 and 137.

173a. GupPY, H. B., On the summit of Mauna Loa: Nature, vol. 57,
p. 21, London, Nov. 4, 1897.

174. Hampson, G. F., On the classification of two subfamilies of moths of

the family Pyralidae: the Hydrocampinae and Scoparianae:
Ent. Soc London, Trans., pp. 127-240, 1897. (HSPA)

The following references are given to Hawaiian species : on p. 227 —
Xeroscopa melanopis Meyr., X. ombrodes Meyr., X. ichnias Meyr., X. demodes
Meyr., X. pachysema Meyr., X. mesoleuca Meyr., X. venosa Butl., X. hawaien-
sis Butl., X. jucunda Butl. ; on p. 229 — Mestolobes abnormis Butl., M. minus-
cula Butl., M. semiochrea Butl. ; on p. 233 — Scoparia frigida Butl., and >S'.
montana Butl.

175. Ko^bEle:, Albert, Report of the entomologist of the Hawaiian Gov-

ernment: Haw. Planters' Month., vol. 16, pp. 65-85, Honolulu,
1897. (BM) (US) (HSPA)

This valuable paper deals with the work of Koebele from the time of
appointment to December 31, 1896. Report is made upon the success of the
introduced Australian ladybird beetle, Crytolaemus montrouzieri Muls., in
controlling the following scale insects : Dactylopius vastator Mask., D, ceri-

44 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

ferus News., Z>. chalceolariae Mask., D, adonidum Linn., and Pulvinaria psidii
Mask. Other scale insects mentioned are : Aspidiotus aurantii Mask., A.
longispina Morg., A. duplex Cock., A. camelliae Sign., A, nerii Bouche, and
several species of this genus; Parlatoria sisyphi News., P, pergandei Comst.,
Mytilaspis citricola Pack., M. gloverii Pack., M. pallida Green, M. fiava Targ.-
Toz., M. pomorum Bouche, Diaspis rosae Sandb., D. hoisduvalii Sign., Chion-
aspis biclavis Comst., C. eugeniae Mask., C. prunicola Mask., Diaspis patelh-
formis Sasaki, D. amygdali Tryon, Fiorinia camelliae Comst., Ceroplastes
ruhens Mask., C. ceriferus Ander., C. floridensis Comst., Lecanium acumi-
natum Sign., L. aiicum Boisd., L- hemisphaericum Targ.-Toz., L. coffea Niet,
L. hesperidum Linn., L. longulum Doug., L. mori Sign., L. nigrum Niet., L.
oleae Bern., L. tessellatum Sign., Pulvinaria mameae Mask, Bryococcus arau-
cariae Mask., and Icerya purchasi Mask., also other undetermined coccids
present in the islands. About 200 species of ladybirds had been introduced
to prey upon the scale insects, also two species of fungi destructive to all the
Lyccanidae. Remarking upon the introduced Coccinellidae, Koebele says that
only 3 species were present in Blackburn's time: Coccinella abdominalis Say,
Scymnus ocellatus Sharp, and S. vividus Sharp, and that these were evidently
introduced very early. Extensive notes are given upon the habits of the
various other exotic species introduced by the author. Of the other in-
troduced predators and parasites Koebele mentions syrphids and chrysopid
flies as established, and says Chalets obscurata Walk, is active against various
pyralid and tortricid larvae. Mention is also made of the introduction of
bats from California — 600 of which reached Hawaii alive but were apparently
not established. Toads from California and frogs' from Japan reproduced
freely. Among cutworms the A gratis ypsilon Rott., A. saucia Hbn., Lecania
unipuncta Haw., Plusia verticillata Guen., Laphygma frugiperda Hbn., are
mentioned; these have few parasites. Coffee trees are reported badly infested
by a white fly, Aleurodes sp. ; natural enemies of these were introduced. Ado-
retus umbrosus F., probably introduced from Japan in soil, was reported from
Oahu, Maui, and Kauai. These insects will be controlled by the fungus in
the wet districts. Notes are given on life history, food plants, and natural
enemies, with full discussion of the experiments with fungus". The small
green tineid larvae destructive to the leaves of sweet potatoes (native '*po-
nallo") and the somewhat allied Plutella cruciferarum Z. are mentioned
briefly.

176. Maskkll, W. M., Further coccid notes with new species and dis-

cussion of points of interest: N. Zeal. Inst. Trans., vol. 29,
PP- 293-331, pis. 18-22, 1897. (BM)

The species described which concern Hawaii are : Chionaspis eugeniae
Mask and Ceroplastes rub ens Mask.

177. MaskiSll, W. M., On a collection of Coccidae, principally from

China and Japan: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 33, pp. 239-244,
London, 1897. (AF) (HSPA)

The following species are recorded from Hawaii: Aspidiotus cydoniae
Comst., on castiarina ; same, var. tecta, n. var., on ohia trees ; Aspidiotus
longispina Morg., on kukui trees ; Lecanium hesperidum Linn., on papaya and
on ohia trees.

178. Pl^RKiNS, R. C. L., The introduction of beneficial insects in the Ha-

waiian Islands: Nature, vol. 55, pp. 499-500, 1897. (BM)

This article deals principally with scale insects and the reasons for the
success of their introduced natural enemies. Perkins says': "Few countries
have been more plagued by the importation of insect pests than the Hawai-

Illingworth — Barly references to Hawaiian entomology 45

ian Islands ; in none have such extraordinary results followed the introduction
of beneficial species to destroy them."

179. PERKINS, R. C. L., Notes on Oligotoma insularis McLach. (Embii-

dae) and its immature conditions: Ent. Month. Mag., 2d ser.,
vol. 8, pp. 56-58, London, 1897. (BM) (AF)

Discusses development and habits.

180. '''Pj^rkins^ R. C. L., Notes on some Hawaiian insects: Phil. Soc.

Cambridge Proc, vol. 9, pp. 373-380, 1897.

181. Sharp, David, On Plagithmysus, a Hawaiian genus of longicorn

Coleoptera: Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 33, suppl, p. 12, London,

1897. (AE) (HSPA)

Description given of Plagithmysus albertisi n. sp., collected in West Ho-
nolulu by Signor d'Albertis in 1874.

182. Walsingham, Lord, Western equitorial African Microlepidoptera :

Ent. Soc. London Trans., pp. 33-67, pis. 2, 3, 1897.
Describes Monopis Hb. (Blabophanes Z.) longella Wlk. recorded from
the Hawaiian islands (Honolulu).

183. Ali^kejn, J. D., Megachile schauinslandi n.sp. Eine neu Megachile-

art aus Honolulu: Ent. Nachr., vol. 24, pp. 340-341, 1898.
(HSPA)

184. Clark, B. O., Official bulletin of the Bureau of Agriculture: The

Hawaiian, vol. i, p. 6, Honolulu, Aug. 13, 1898.

The Hawaiian was a weekly newspaper which started February 12, 1898,
its object being to advertise the islands. Mr. Clark, then secretary and com-
missioner of the Hawaiian Bureau of Agriculture, edited a page dealing with
agricultural subjects. The only complete file, so far as known is owned by
Mrs. B. J. Mesick, 2029 Beckley Street, Honolulu, widow of the editor, h. H.
Mesick. This', the first reference dealing with the melon fly (Dacus cu-
curbitae Coq.) in Hawaii or elsewhere, consists of correspondence. A letter
dated August 8, 1898, from L. C. Swain, Laupahoehoe, Hawaii, described this
new pest, which he had observed affecting pumpkins, squashes, beans, to-
matoes, and watermelons. Mr. Clark, in his' reply gave the life history of
the flies, which he had observed carefully the previous year near Honolulu;
he also suggested measures of control.

A complete copy of this correspondence appears in Haw. Agric. Exp.
Sta. Rept. for 1907, pp. 30-31, also in U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 491, pp. 57-58,
1917.

185. Cocke:re:ll, T. D. a.. The Coccidae of the Sandwich Islands: Ent.,

vol. 31, pp. 239-240, London, 1898.

The species described are: Icerya purchasi Mask., Sphaerococcus bam-
busae Mask., Asterolecanium pustulans CklL, Dactylopius citri Risso., D. al-
bizziae Mask., D. vastator Mask., D. virgatus Mask. (syn. ceriferus Newst.),
Ceroplastes rubens Mask., Lecanium nigrum Nietn., I,, nigrum, var. depres-
sum Targ., L. hesperidum L., L. oleae Bern., L. acuminatum Sign., L. longu-
lum Dougl., Pulvinaria mammeae Mask., P. psidii Mask., Aspidiotus aurantii
Mask., A. longispina Morg., A, hederae ValL, var. nerii Bouche, A. cydoniae
Comst., A. maskelli Ckll., A. persearum n. sp. A. perniciosus Comst., Mytilaspis
gloverii Pack., M. hawaiiensis Mask., (as var. of flava), M, pomorum
Bouche, M. pallida Green, var, maskelli Ckll., Howardia biclavis Comst., var.

46 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

detecta Mask., Chionaspis prunicola Mask. (syn. of Diaspis amygdali Tryon),
C. eugeniae Mask., Fiorinia Horiniae Targ., Aulascaspis boisduvalii Sign., A.
rosae Bouche.

186. Hampson, G. F., a revision of the moths of the superfamily Pyrau-
stinae and family Pyralidae : Zool. Soc. London Proc, pp. 590-
761, 1898.

The following Hawaiian species are included: Nacoleia blackburni ButL,
N. accepta But!., iV". continentalis Wllgrn., N. demaratalis Wlk., and A^. localis
Butl. (p. 699).

187 Howard, L. O., On some new parasitic insects of the subfamily

Encyrtinae: U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc, vol. 21, pp. 231-248, 1898.
(BM)

Blepyrus marsdeni n. sp. is described from Honolulu (p. 234).

188. KiRBY, W. F., Description of a new genus of Odonata: Annals and

Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser., vol. 2, pp. 346-348, 1898. (HSPA)

Describes' Nesogonia n.gen., A^. blackburni McL. Also published in Haw.
Planters' Mo. vol. 17, pp. 208-219 and 258-269, Honolulu, 1898. (BM) (US)
(HSPA).

189. KoEbEle, Albe:rt, Report of Prof. Albert Koebele, Entomologist of

the Hawaiian Government: Rept. Min. Int. Repub. Haw. for
1897, pp. 105-137, Honolulu, 1898. (BM) (US) (HSPA)

Most of this report is a repetition of the valuable report presented by
this author the previous year (see No. 175). New matter, starting on page
130, deals' with natural enemies of pests observed in California, Arizona, and
Mexico.

190. MaskEll, W. M., Further coccid notes with descriptions of new

species and discussion of points of interest: N. Zeal. Inst.

Trans., vol. 30, pp. 219-252, 1898. (BM)

Includes a discussion of Aspidiotus cydomae Comstock, var, tecta n. var.,
from Hawaii (p. 224).

191. Maxwell, Walti^r, The Hawaiian Islands: U. S. Dept. Agric,

Yearbook for 1898, pp. 563-582, 1899.

Includes a brief note on quarantine against insect pests and plant dis-
eases and a letter from Mr. Koebele (p. 574).

192. Ali^kEn, J. D., Die Xylocopa-art der Hawaiian Islands : Ent. Nachr.,

vol. 25, pp. 317-318, 1899. (HSPA)

The introduced bee, commonly known in Hawaii as Xylocopa aeneipen-
nis Deg., is here considered to be the Asiatic species, X. chloroptera Lep.

193. Brigham, W. T., Hawaiian feather work: B. P. Bishop Mus. Mem.,

vol. I, No. I, Honolulu, 1899.

Contains interesting references to the development of kahilis and their
relation to house flies.

194. CoCK^RELL, T. D. A., The Coccidae of the Sandwich Islands : Ent.,

vol. 32, pp. 93, 164, 1899. ( AF)

Discussed the distribution of what were considered endemic Hawaiian
species, namely: Kermicus (formerly Sphaerococcus) bambusae, which also

Illingworth — Early references to Hawaiian entomology 47

occurs in Ceylon, Mauritius, and Brazil; Dactylopius vastator, also found in
Mauritius ; and Mytilaspis hawaiiensis, which has been found at Amoy,
China. The following are to be added to the Hawaiian list: Aspidiotus
(Bvaspidiofus) transparens Green, A. (Hemiberlesia) greeni Ckll., and a
young Icerya, indeterminable. Cockerell adds the following species from
Koebele's report to his list of Hawaiian coccids : Dactylopius calceolariae
Mask., D. adonidum Linn, (but probably citri), Briococcus araucariae Mask,
Ceroplastes ceriferus Anders., C. floridensis Comst. (these two often intro-
duced but not established), tecanium hemisphaericum Targ., L. mori Sign.,
Z.. tessellatum Sign., Parlatoria zisyphis Luc, P. proteus, var. pergandei
Comst, Mytilaspis beckii E. Newman (M. citricola Pack.), Aspidiolus rapax
Comst., A. duplex Ckll. (p. 164). There are also mentioned two unidenti-
fied species of Pulvinaria.

195. "^CoCK^RELL, T. D. A., A check-list of the Coccidae. First supple-

ment : 111. Sta. Lab. Nat. Hist. Bull. 5, pp. 389-398, 1899.

196. CoQUiLLEW, D. W., A new trypetid from Hawaii: Ent. News, vol.

10, pp. 129-130, 1899.

Describes Dacus cucurbitae n.sp. : two males and two females bred by
George Compere from larvae in green cucumbers.

197. Emi^ry, Carlos, Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauins-

land 1896-97), Formiciden: Zool. Jahrb., vol. 12, Syst., pp.

438-44c^, 1899. (HSPA)

Describes four species of ants collected from I^aysan: Monomorium
gracillimum F.Sm., Teframorium guineense Fabr., Tapinoma melano-cephalum
Fabr., Ponera punctatissima Rog., schauninslandi n.subsp.

198. FoRKL, August, Heterogyna (Formicidae) : Fauna Haw., vol. i,

pp. 1 16-122, 1899.

199. Haughs, David, Insect pests and diseases : Report Commissioner of

Agriculture: Rept. Min. Int. Repub. Haw. for bien. period
ending 1899, pp. 120-123, Honolulu, 1900. (US) (AF)

Consists of a report by Professor Koebele of a trip to Australia in
search of parasites, primarily for the cane-borer. The Mediterranean fruit
fly is noted as a bad pest in Australia, a condition which led to a quarantine
of Australian fruit. Other exotic fruit flies are also discussed.

200. "^Howard, L. O., Economic status of insects as a class: Sci., n.s.,

vol. 9, p. 241, 1899.

201. KiRKALDY, G. W., Eine neue hawaiische Fulgoriden-Gattung und

Art: Ent. Nachr., vol. 25, p. 359, 1899. (HSPA)
Phalainesthes n.gen., P. schauinslandi n.sp., are described from Hilo.

202. KoEBEL^, Albe^rt, Report of the entomologist: Republic of Hawaii,

Min. of Int., Rept. for 1898, pp. 84-87, Honolulu, 1899. (US)
(AF)
Records the introduction of the hornfly, Haematobia irritans Linn.

203. '*=Koningsbi:rg:^r, J. C, Erste overzicht der schadelijke en nuttige

Icesten van Java: Mededeelingen uit 's lands plantentuin, vol.
22, pp. 1-53, 1899.

48 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

204. Me)yrick, Edward, Macrolepidoptera : Fauna Hawaiiensis, vol. i,

pp. 123-275, pis. s-7^ 1899.

This is the most extensive work on this group; it includes descriptions
of many new species.

205. Pe:rkins, R. C. L,., Hymenoptera aculeata: Fauna Hawaiiensis, vol.

I, pp. 1-122, pis. I, 2, 1899.

This is the most extensive work on this group; it contains' descriptions
of many new species.

206. Pe^rkins, R. C. L., Orthoptera: Fauna Hawaiiensis, vol. 2, pp. 1-30,

pis. I, 2, 1899.

This is the most extensive work on Orthoptera; it contains descrip-
tions of many new species.

207. Pe:rkins, R. C. L., Neuroptera: Fauna Hawaiiensis, vol. 2, pp. 31-

89. pis. 3-5. 1899.

This is the most extensive work on Neuroptera; it contains descrip-
tions of many new species.

208. ScHAuiNSLAND^ H., Drei Monate auf einer Korallen-Insel (Laysan),

Bremen, 1899. (HSPA)

The insects' listed are Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Apamea chersotoides
Butl., Spaelotis crinigera Butl. — Pyralidae : Zinckenia recurvalis F., also an
undetermined tineid. — Hemiptera: Nabis sp. — Hymenoptera: Chelonus ea-
rner oni D.T. (=carinatus Cam.). — Coleoptera : Dermestes domesticus Garm.,
Clytus crinicornis Chevr., Silvanus surinamensis Linn., Tribolium ferrugineum
Fab., also an abundance of roaches, Periplaneta (pp. 102-103). The flies
and ants are not included in this paper.

209. AsHMi^AD, W. H., Notes on some New Zealand and Australian par-

asitic Hymenoptera: Linn, Soc. N.S.W. Proc, vol. 25, pp. 327-
360, 1900.

Describes the Pteromalid, Tomocera californica, parasite for Lecamum
oleae, p. 345.

210. Dyar^ H. G., Larvae from Hawaii — a correction: Can. Ent., vol. 32,

pp. 156-158. (HSPA) (AF) (UH)

Spodoptera mauritia Boisd. is' described as Laphygma flavimaculata
Harv. in Can. Ent., vol. 26, p. 65, 1894. Other caterpillars described are:
Lycaena boetica Linn., Plusia chalcites Esp., and Omiodes blackburni Butl,
It is also noted that Sphinx convolvuli is the insect described as Phlegethon-
tius cingulata in Ent. News, vol. 6, p. 95.

2ii. "^ Frank, A. B., and Krue:ge:r, F., Schildlausbuch . . . Berlin, p.
120, 1900.

Records Aspidiotus pernicosus from Hawaii, p. 70.

212. Howard, L. O., A dipterous enemy of cucurbits in the Hawaiain
Islands: U. S. Dept. Agric, Div. Ent. Bull. 22, n.ser., pp. 93-
94, 1900.

Specimens were received March 13, 1899, from George Compere, Hono-
lulu, of what is locally known as' the melon fly. This was pronounced by
Coquillett to be a new species, to which he gave the name, Dacus cucurbitae.

Illingworth — Early references to Hazvaiian entomology 49

213. Kotmi.t, Albe:rt, Report: Haw. Sugar Planters' Exp. Sta. Rept,,

pp. 40-42, 1900. (US)

Records an examination of the dying roots of sugarcane: no organic
disease could be found, though the epidermis of roots had been broken,
probably by wind.

214. Koebele:, Albe:rt, Diseases of the cane: The Planters' Monthly,

vol. 19, pp. 519-524, 1900-

Discusses the distribution, food plants, habits, and control measures of
the sugar cane beetle borer, Rhahdocnemis obscurus; also includes brief
notes on the pyralid moth Omiodes accepta Butl.

215. KoKBELE, Albert, Report of Prof. Albert Koebele, entomologist:

Rept. Comr. Agric, and Forestry for 1900, pp. 36-49, 1901.
(US)

Koebele reports the introduction of parasites from California for Pieris
rapae, Plutella cruciferarum, and various cutworms. Salamanders were also
brought over. Notes Lecanidae kept in check now by many ladybirds;
other predators and parasites sent from Fiji and Australia. A brief review
of exotic fruit flies is included, with remedies. Fuller's ros'e beetle, Arami-
gus fulleri Horn, is found to be the same as the so-called Olinda bug. A
tineid larva of cotton bolls (Geleckia gossypiella Sndrs.) is reported; a
tortricid, also bred from cotton bolls, and a common beetle, Araeoceriis
fasciculatus De.G. Japanese beetles are reported from all parts of the islands.
Suggestions on various phases of the production of silk as an industry for
the islands terminates this paper.

216. Ko:eB:^LE:^ Albe;rt^ Destruction of forest trees: Rept. Comr. Agric.

and Forestry Hawaii, for 1900, pp. 50-60, 1901. (US)

Discusses the depredation of insects" on forest trees of Hawaii. Icerya
purchasi Mask, is under control, the ladybird beetle, Vedalia cardinaliSj be-
ing abundant. Other scale insects mentioned are Lecanium nigrum Neit.,
L. longulum Doug., and Puhinaria psidii Mask, which are also well checked by
introduced natural enemies. The same is said in regard to the mealy bugs,
Dactylopius ceriferus News., on Brythrina monosperma. Notes on the span
worm, Scotorythra idolias, a tortricid, and on a Bruchus destructive to the
seed of the koa tree. The list of Cerambycid beetles noted includes : Pla-
githmysus varians Shp., P. pulverulentus Motsch., P. cristatus Shp., P.
aequaUs Shp., P. arachnipes Shp., P. darwinianus Shp., P. blackburni Shp.,
P, funebris Shp., P. bilineatus Shp., P. bishopi Shp. P. vicinus Shp., P. col-
laris Shp., P. diana Shp., P. Unschi Har., P. pulvillatus Karsch, P. lanaiensis
Shp., P. aestivus Shp., P. concolor Shp., P. permundus Shp., P. perkinsi Shp.,
P. lamarckianus Shp., Clytarlus Ulipes Shp., C. mediocris Shp., C, debilis
Shp., C. claviger Shp., C. nodifer Shp., C modestus Shp., C. laticollis Shp.,
C. pennatus Shp., C. fragilis Shp., C. longipes Shp., C, annectens Shp., and
Callithmysus micro gaster Shp. Koebele considers the worst pest of the
native forest to be cattle (pp. 57-59).

217. Koi^B^Lt, Albert, Notes on insects affecting the koa trees . . .:

Rept. Bd. Comr. Agric. and Forestry, Hav^aii, 190a, pp. 61-66,
1901, (US)

The insects noted are: Parandra puncticeps Sharp, Aegosoma reflexum
Karsch in the dead wood of the decaying forest. The living trees affected
by the "Olinda bug," Pandamorus olindae Perk., by tortricid and geometrid
larvae, and by a fungoid disease.

50 Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

218. KoE^BELE, Albert, Hawaii's forest foes: Haw. Ann. for 1901, pp.

90-97, Honolulu, 1900.

Discusses causes' of the disappearing forests of the islands, describing
the various species of insects that attack trees, with their natural enemies.

219. Meyrick, Edward, New Hawaiian Lepidoptera: Ent. Month. Mag.,

vol. 36, pp. 257-258, 1900. (HSPA) (AF)

The specimens described were collected by Professor Schauinsland.
Agrotis eremioides n.sp. and A. procellaris n.sp., were obtained at I^aysan,
and Scotorythra diceraunia n.sp., S. triscia Meyr., Phlyctaenia synastra Meyr.
came from Molokai.

220. *Pe:rkins, R. C. L., Introduction of beneficial insects into the Ha-

waiian Islands: Berlin Ent. Zeit., pp. 45-46, 1900.

This is a resume of an article that appeared in Nature, vol. 55, pp. 499-
500, 1897.

221. Pi^RKiNS, R. C. Iv., Coleoptera, Rhynchophora, Proterhinidae, Hete-

romera, and Cioidae: Fauna Hawaiiensis, vol. 2, pp. 117-270,
pis. 7-10, 1900.

The most extensive work dealing with these groups ; it contains descrip-
tions of many new species.

222. Sharp, David, Coleoptera Phytophaga: Fauna Hawaiiensis, vol. 2,

pp. 91-116, pi. 6, 1900.

The most extensive work on this' group; it contains descriptions of
many new species.

223. Thomas, W. B., Farming in Hawaii: Haw. Ann. for 1901, pp. 124-

128, 1900. (BM)

Includes a brief reference to insect pests which are said to make it al-
most impossible to grow certain vegetables (p. 127).

224. Van Dink, D. L., A partial bibliography of Hawaiian entomology:

U. S. Dept. Agric, Office Exp. Stations Bull. 170, pp. 52-59,
1906.

225. Ball, S. C, Migration of insects to Rebecca Shoal Light-Station

and the Tortugas Islands, with special references to mosquitoes
and flies: Carnegie Inst. Wash., Pub. No. 252, pp. 193-212,
1918.

Contains an interesting note on the observation of house flies migrating
long distances in a small boat (p. 208).

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF GENERA

51

Page

A

Acalles 35

Acanthia 28,37

Achroea 37

Aciptilia Z7

Acritus 34

Acupalpus 31, 32

Adelocera 6

Adoretus 17, Z% 40, 42, 44

Aechalia 37

Aegosoma 31, 42, 49

Aeletes 34

Ageialia 6

Agrion 33,34

Agrotis 28, 30, 31, 44, 50

Agrypnus 6

Aleurodes 44

Alschua 24

Ammophorus 23

Ananca 35

Anax 24, 25, 33

Anchomenus 6, 21, 26, 27, 28, 30, 34

Anemosa 3Ij37

Anisodactylus 31? 32

Anisolabis' 32,40

Anomalochrysa 33, 34

Anosia , 36

Anotheorus 26

Anthicus 35

Antilissus 29

Apamea 4B

Aphis 42

Aphodius 6, 29

Apis 29

Aporodes 31, 37

Apterocyclus 25, 2(i

Araeocerus^ 49

Aramigus 49

Argyresthia ._ 2.6

Arma 24

Asopia Z7

Aspidiotus 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48

Asopus' „. 21

Asterolecanium 40, 42, 45

Astrimus 27

Ataenius 6

Atrachycnemis 27, 34

Attagenus 35

Aulascaspis 46

Automola 33

Azinus 33

B

Bacanius - 34

Barypristus' 34

Bembidium 28, 30

Blabophanes 33,45

Blackburnia 27

Blatta 20,32

Page

Blepyrus 4^

Bolitochara 34

Boreophila 31

Bostrichus 35

Botys 2(>, 2T, 2%, Z7y 42

Brachymetopa - 40

Brachypeplus 27, 29, 31, 35

Brontolaemus 35

Bythoscopus 24

C

Caccodes 35

Calandra 22,35

Calleida 23

Callithmysus 49

Calotermes 33

Calpodes 31

Camponotus 29, 36

Canthon 2^

Capsus' 24,28

Caradina 3^

Cardiastethus 26, 28, 37

Carpophilus 27

Catapicephala 25

Catorama 35

Ceromasia v- ^^

Ceroplastes 42, 44, 45, 47

Chaenosternum 35

Chaetogaedia 3^,43

Chalcis 31, ^^^ 44

Chelisoches 32,40

Chelonus 31, 3^, 48

Chilocorus 3^

Chiloides 35

Chionaspis 41, 42, 44, 4^

Chrysopa : 33

Cicada 7

Ci^ 29,35

Cistela 35

Clerada 28

Clytarlus 27, 29, 30, 31, 35, 43, 49

Coccinella 39,44

Clytus , 48

Coleolichus 31, 37

Colias 24,25

Colpodes 32

Colpodiscus, 34

Colymbetes 6, 21

Conocephalus :i2

Coplatus 6, 34

Corixa 26

Corylophus 34

Corymbites 31

Crabro 23, 29, 31, 36

Crepidodera 24

Cryptolaemus 38, 42, 43

Cryptorhopalum 35

Culex 24,34

s^

Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

Page

Cyclonotum 29

Cyclothorax 27, 28, 30, 32, 34

Cylas 13

Cymus - 31

D

Dactylopius 38, 40, 41, 4^, 43, 45, 47, 49

Dacus' 18, 45, 47, 48

Danaida 16

Danais 27, 30, 36

Deielia 38

Deilephila 26, 30

Delphax 23,24

Depressaria ^s

Dermestes 48

Diaspis 41, 42, 44, 46

Diestota 30, 34

Dilasia 29, 31, 37

Diplosara 33

Disenochus 27, 30, 34

Dolichotelus 35

Dryophthorus 27

Dyscolus 26

Dys'dercus 25

E

Echthromorpha 24, s^

Eidoreus 35

Elater 6, 31

Eleutheroda 32, 40

Elimaea 32, 40

Elipsocus 33

Encyrtus 36

Eopenthes 35

Ephestia 26, 31, 37

Epitragus 31

Epitranus 33, 36

Eriococcus 44, 47

Eromene 32, 37

Eulachus 35

Eupelmus 33, 36

Eupithecia 30

Eurycreon 37

Euthyrrapha 32, 40

Euxestus 35

Evania _ 29, 33, 34, 36

Evaspidiotus 47

Eysarcoris 22

F

Falagria 30

Fiorinia 44,46

Forficula 32,40

Formicaleo 33, 38

Fornax 35

G

Geleckia 17, 49

Genophantis' 37

Page

Geodephaga 27,28

Geotomus 26, 37

Gesneria 3$, 37

Glyptoma 30

Gomphocerus 24

Gonioryctus 27,35

Gonitis 32

Graptodera 24

Gryllotalpa 42

Gryllus 32, 40

H

Hadena 25

Haematobia 17, 47

Halobates 15, 34

Haptoncus 27

Hednota 37

Helcogaster 35

Heliothis 24, 30

Hemiberlesia 47

Herminia 26

Heteramphus 35

Heterocossa 33

Heterophaga 22, 35

Holochila 28, 31

Holcobius 31

Homoeosoma 37

Howardia 45

Hyalopteryx 24

Hydrobius 6, 22

Hydrophilus' 6, 20, 28

Hymenia 26

Hypena 26, 30, 31

Hyperaspis 24

Hyperomorpha 35

Hypocala 32

Hypothenemus 29, 35

I

Icerya 17, 38, 41, 42, 44. 45, 47, 49

Itodacntis 35

K
Kermicus 46

L

lyabetis 29, 35

Labia 23, 32, 40

Labrocerus 35

Laemorphloeus 35

Ivagochirus 27

Laphygma 42, 44, 48

Larentia 28

Ivaverna 26, 32

Leucania 26, 27, 28, 30, 32

Lecanium ....38, 39, 40,41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49

Lephygama 39

Lepidotus 6

Lepthemis 33

List of Genera

53

Page

Leptogenys 29, 36

L/Cucophaea 40

Libellula 7

Lilia 29, 31, 37

Limneria ...33, 36

Liophaena 30

Lispe 25

Lispinodes 30, 34

lyitargus" 29

Lithocharis 34

Locastra -32, 37

Lopha 28

Loxocreon 38

Luperus 24

Luteva 26

Lycaena 48

Lycosa : 9

M

Margarodes 37

Margaronia 31

Mauia 35

Mauna 34

Mecyna 28, 31, 37

Megachile 29, 36, 45

Megalagrion 33

Megalomus 33,34

Megascelis 24

Melanomecyna 33, 3/

Merragata 26

Mestalobes 32, 37, 43

Metacoelus 36

Metasia 32,37

Methana .^. 40

Metrarga 28,37

Metromenus 34

Mimesa 23, 36

Micracantha 27

Mirosternus 31, 35

Microvelia 28

Monanus' 29, 35

Monolexis 31, 36

Monomorium 36, 47

Monopis 45

Moranila 33, 36

Morganella 43

Musca 12, 25

Myllaena 30, 34

Myrmelon 23

Mytilaspis 41, 42, 44, 45, 47

N

Nabis 26, 28, 37, 48

Nacoleia 46

Nesogonia 46

Notaphus 30

Nysius 24, 25, 28, 31, 37

O

Odynerus 19, 29, 36, 37, 41

Oechalia 28

Page

Oenemona 23

Oligota 30,34

Oligostigma 28

Oligitoma 33, 35, 4i, 45

Omicrus 28

Omiodes 37, 38, 48, 49

Oniscosoma 32, 4<^

Oniscus' 9

Onthophagus 23

Oodemas 24, 26, 27, 30, 35

Oopsis 27

Ophion 33,36

Orthomecyna 33, 37

Orthoperus 34

Oxya 40

Oxytelus 30,34

P

Pachycorynus 30

Palistes 34

Pamera 25,28

Panchlora 32

Pandamorus 49

Pantala 25,33

Papilio 7, 25, 26

Paranemobius 41

Parandra 6, 27, 49

Paraponyx 37

Parasia 33

Paratrigonidium 40

Parlatoria 44,47

Pelopoeus 29, 36

Pentarthrum 27

Periplaneta 32, 40, 48

Phalainesthes 47

Pheidole 29, 32, 36

Phenolepis 29

Phlaeopora 30

Phlegethontius' 40*48

Phlyctaenia 50

Phthorimaea 13

Phyllodromia 40

Pieris 49

Pimpla 36

Pison 29,36

Plagithmysus 22, 23, 30, 35, 43, 45, 49

Planchonia 42

Platydema 35

Platynus 6, 31, 32

Platyptilus 32,37

Ploiariodes 31, 37

Plodia 28,37

Plusia 26, 27, 30, 44, 48

Plutella 44,49

Polistes 29,36

Polyommatus 32

Ponera 29, 36, 47

Prenolepsis 29,36

Prodenia 15, 26, 30, 32

Prognathogryllus 40

Promecoderus 31

54

Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

Page

Propalticus 29

Protoparce 26,30

Prosopis' 2S, 29, 36, 41

Proteopteryx 32

Proterhinus 27, 29, 31, 35

Protocolletis - 37

Psammodius - 6

Pseudocoremia 28

Pseudolus 35

Psocus 33

Pulvinaria 38, 39. 40, 4i, 4^, 44 45, 47, 49

Pycnoscelys 20

Pyralis - 26

Pyrameis 25,28

R

Reclada 28

Rhabdocnemis 16, 22, 40, 41, 49

Rhodaria 26, 31, 37

Rhyncogonus 35

Rhygchium 24

Rhyncolus 24, 31, 35

Rhyparochromus' 22

S

Salbia 24,37

Salda 28

Sarcophaga 25

Sardia ....;. 37

Saronychium 26

Scardia 28

SciopKagus 35

Sclerodersaa 36

Scolopendra 9

Scoparia 31, 32, 37, 43

Scopula 30, 32, 33, 37

Scotomera 32, 37

Scotorythra 33, 49, 50

Scotosia 28, 30

Scymnus 24, 35, 44

Selbia 28

Selda 37

Selenophorus 23

Sericoderus 34

Sierola 3'^, 3^

Silvanus 48

Solenopsis 29, 36

Solindena 33, 36

Sotenus 27

Spaclotys 48

Spalangia 36

Page

Sphaeridium 29

Sphaerococcus 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46

Sphenophorus 37, 42

Sphinx 8, 13, 40, 48

Spaelotius 30

Spodoptera 48

Spoelotis 30

Stasilea 31

Stenocorus 27

Stenopterus 22

Stylopyga 40

Synomotis' 33

T

Tachyusa 30

Tapinoma 36,47

Telephanus 35

Telmatophilus 35

Teras 32

Tetramorium 29, 36, 47

Tetranychus 40, 41

Tettigonia 23

Thyrocopa 33

Tinea 32

Tomocera 48

Toxocampa 30

Tramea 25,33

Trechus 23^

Tribolium 48

Trichoptilus 37

Trigonidium 24, 32

Tripleps 26

Trogophlaeus 30

Trox 6

Trypeta 25

Trypopitys 31

V

Vanessa .4, 7, 8, 9, 13, 21, 22, 25, 26, 28, 30, 31
Vedalia 38,49

X

Xeroscopa .43, 46

Xiphidium 40

Xyleborus 35

Xyletobius 31, 35

Xylocopa 29, 36, 37

Z
Zinckenia 37, 48

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF
SPECIES

55

A

Page

Abdominale, Sphaeridium 29

Abdominalis, Coccinella 39? 44

Trogophlaeus' 30

Abnormis, Crabro 36

Mestolobes Zl^ 43

Metasia 3^

Accepta, Botys 26, 27, 28

Nacoleia 46

Omiodes Z1^ 49

Achatina, Pyralis 26

Achroana, Heterocossa 33

Acuminatum, Lecanium 38, 39? 40, 4Ij 44»45

Acutus, Mirosternus 35

Adonidum, Dactylopius 44> 47

Adspectans, Crabro 36

Advena, Oxytelus 30

Aeneipennis, Xylocopa 29, 36, 46

Aenes'cens, Oodemas 24, 27

Aeneus, Laemorphloeus 35

Aenone, Mestolobes Z^.

Aequale, Oodemas 35

Aequalis, Orthoperus 34

Plagithmysus 43> 49

Aestivus, Plagithmysus 43? 49

Affinis, Brachypeplus 31

Crabro 29, 36

Xyletobius v- 35

Agilis, Odynerus' 29, z^

Alatus, Prognathogryllus 40

Albertisi, Plagithmysus 45

Albicaudata, Orthomecyna -33, 37

Albizziae, Dactylopius ..42, 45

Albosparsa, Ephestia 31

Alienus, Cis 29

Altivolans, Hypena var. simplex 31

Scopula 30

Ambiguus, Eopenthus -.... 35

Ambrodes, Xerocopa 37

Americana, Periplaneta Z'^, 40

Amoenula, Calleida 23

Amygadali, Dias'pis 44, 46

Angularis, Proterhinus 31

Angusticollis, Acalles 35

Angustum, Oodemas 27

Annectens, Clytarlus „ 49

Annularis, Hyperaspis 24

Annulipes, Anisolabis 40

Anomalus, Disenochus' 2y

Antennata, Misesa 23, 36

Anthracina, Prosopis '^ZiZ^

Apertus, Brachypeplus 35

Aphanopis, Orthomecyna 37

Apicalis, Cis 35

Dolichotelus 35

Apicicornis, Clerada 28

Page

Appendiculata, Elimaea 32, 40

Arachnipes, Plagithmysus 43? 49

Araneiformis, Lagochirus 27

Araucariae, Eriococcus 44? 47

Arboricola, Nysius 28

Arboricolens, Scotorythra - 33

Archippus, Danaida 16

Danais - 27, 30, 36

Arenivolans, Agrotis 28

Argoscelis, Scopula Z1

Armigera, Heliothis 3^

Asellus, Oniscus 9

As'per, Antilissus 29

Aphodius 6

Brachypeplus ,... - 27

Aspersa, Laverna 32

Atalanta, Vanessa -,- 8

Atomarius, Bacanius .- 34

Atroferrugineum, Paratrigonidium .... 40

Attenuatus, Cis 35

Aurantii, Aspidiotus 41? 44? 45

Aurifer, Palistes 29, 34, 36

Aurora, Anemosa -- 31

Mecyna - 37

B

Balteatus, Canthon 23

Bambusae, Kermicus' 46

Sphaerococcus 39? 40? 4i? 42, 45

Barbata, Sarcophaga 25

Bardus, Anchomenus 26

Basalis, Eopenthes 35

Proterhinus' 29

Sericoderus 34

Beckii, Mytilaspis - 47

Bella, Eromene Z'2'

Bembidioides, Cyclothorax 28

Biclavis, Chionaspis 44

var, detecta 41

Howardia var. detecta 45'

Bicolor, Brachypeplus 35

Cis 29

Mirosternus 31

Bidens, Brachypeplus 31

Bilineatus, Plagithmysus 43? 49

Bimaculatus, Cis 35

Biseriatus, Acupalpus --3i? 3^

Bishopi, Playithmysus 43? 49

Bivulnerus, Chilocorus 38

Blackburni, Botys' ..26, 27

Brachypeplus 31

var. lanaiensis 35

Brachymetopa 40

Chelonus Z^

Clytarlus 35

Conocephalus 32

Corixa 26

56

Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

Page

Gonioryctus 27

GlyptQma 30

Holochila 28, 31

Lepthemis 33

Limneria 33, $6

Megalagrion 33

Nabis 28

Nacoleia 46

Nesogonia 46

Nysius - 31

Odynerus 29, 36

Omiodes , 37, 48

Pentarthrum 27

Plagithmysus 43, 49

Prosopis 29, 36

Proterhinus 27

Protoparce 30

Rhyncogonus 35

Blackburniae, Coleolichus 31

Bledioides, Oxytelus 34

Boetica, Lycaena 48

Boeticus, Polymmatus 32

Boisduvalii, Aulascaspis 46

Diaspis 41, 44

Bonvouloiri, Fornax 35

Borrei, Oodemas 27

Brachymorpha, Platyptilia 37

Brevicorne, Cryptorhopalum 35

Brevicornis, Monanus 35

Brevipenne, Glyptoma ^ 30

Brevipes; Omicrus 2S

Brevis, Brachypeplus 27

Cyclothorax 27

Caementarius, Pelopaeus 36

Caeneusalis, Hermmia 26

Caenosulus, Nysius 25

Calceolaria, Dactylopius 42, 47

Calida, Deilephila 30

Calidus, Cis 35

Californica, Tomocera 48

Caliginosus, Dyscolus 26

Calliphya, Agrion 33

Calvus', Cymus 31

Camelliae, Aspediotus 44

Fiorinia 44

Cameroni, Chelonus 48

Capucinus, Trypopitys 31

Cardinalis, Odynerus 36, 37

Vedalia 49

Cardui, Vanessa 8, 9, 13, 21, 22, 25, 28, 30

Carinatus, Chelonus 31

Mirosternus 31

Carinata, Diestota 30

Carinatus, Chelonus 48

Castaneus; Calotermes 33

Celatus, Brachypeplus 35

Ceriferus, Ceroplastes 44, 47

Dactylopius 43, 45, 49

Page

Chalceolariae, Dactylopius 44

Chalcites, Plusia 48

Chersotoides, Apamea 30, 48

Chloroptera, Xylocopa 46

Chloroticus, Cis 35

Cinctipennis, Apameidae 30

Cingulata, Phlaeopora 30

Protoparce 26

Phlegethontius 40, 48

Citri, Dactylopius 40, 45, 47

Citricola, Mytilas'pis 47

Cladestina, Phenolepis 29

Clavicornis, Oligota 30

Claviger, Clytarlus 49

Coarctata, Scoparia 31, 32

Coenosulus, Nysius 24, 28

Coflfea, Lecanium 44

Collaris, Ananca 35

Plagithmysus 49

Proterhinus 29

Concentricus, Aeletes 34

Concolor, Cis 3*5

Labrocerus 35

Plagithmysus' 43>49

Conferta, Heliothis 30

Confussus, Bacanius 34

Congruus, Odynerus 29, 36

Coniceps, Prosopis 36

Constricta, Protocolletis 37

Scopula 32

Continuatalis; Botys 28

Loxocreon 38

Nacoleia 46

Omiodes 37

Salbia 24, 28

Contracta, Metrarga 37

Ponera 29, 36

Convolvuli, Sphinx 40, 48

Corticea, Scotosia 30

Corruscus', Anchomenus 21

Corymbites 31

Cosmodactyla, Platyptilia 37

Cranifex, Palistes 34

Crassicorne, Oodemas 35

Crassicornis, Cistela 35

Crassipes, Trypeta 25

Crassus; Dryophthorus 27

Cremata, Agrotis 31

Spaelotis 30

Crenatus, Monanus 29

Crinicornis, Clytus 48

Criniger, Cymus 31

Crinigera, Spoelotis 30, 48

Cristatus, Clytarlus 27

Plagithmysus 43, 49

Cruciferarum, Plutella 44, 49

Cucurbitae, Dacus 18, 45, 47, 48

Cuneatus, Anisodactylus 31, 32

Plagithmysus 43

Cuneipennis, Anchomenus 26

List of Species

57

Page

Currax, Falagria 30

Ctarta, Oligostigma 28

Curtipes, Myllaena 30

Curvicornis, Stasilea 31

Curtipennis, Nabis 37

Cydoniae, Aspidiotus 44, 45

van tecta 44, 45

Cylindricus, Heteramphus 35

Psammodius 6

Cytricola, Mytilaspis 44

D

Dallasi, Nysius 28

Darwinianus, Plagithmysus 43, 49

Debilis, Caccodes 35

Clytarlus 49

Eopenthes 35

Mirosternus 31

Proterhinus 27

Telmatophilus 35

Deceptor, Agrion 33

Declivia, Dryophthorus 27

Decolor, Dilasia 29, 31

Decorata, Periplaneta 32

Stylopyga 40

Decoratus, Acalles" 35

Delecta, Chionaspis 42

Delectus, Nysius 28

Demaratalis, Botys 28

Nacoleia 46

Omiodes 37

Demodes, Xerocopa 37M3

Denigrata, Dilasia 29, 31

Denticornis, Crabro ". 29

Deplanata, Brachymetopa 40

Depressum, Lecanium 38, 40

Despecta, Rhodaria 26, 31

Scopula 37

Desuetella, Ephestia 37

Detritus, Proterhinus" 35

Deverilli, Cyclothorax 28

Diana, Plagithmysus 49

Diceraunia, Scotorythra 50

Dilecta, LiHa 29, 31

Diligens, Magachile 29, 36

Diluta, Phlaeopora , 30

Dimidiatus, Carpophilus 27

Diminutivus, Cis 29

Diremptus, Epitragus 31

Discedens, Brachypeplus 27

var. kauaiensis 35

Myllaena 30

Pachycorynus 30

Scymnus 35

Discolor, Brachymetopa 40

Dislocata, Leucania .....26, 27, 30

Dispar, Proterhinus 31

Distinctus, Crabro 23, 36

Diversus, Odynerus 36

Domestica, Musca 12

Page

Domesticus, Dermestes 48

Dromedarius, Odynerus 36

Dubiosus', Odynerus 29, 36

Duplex, Acalles 35

Aspediotus 44, 47

Dux, Sarcophaga 25

Dytiscoides, Eleutheroda 32, 40

E

Electrica, Scolopendra 9

Elegans, Brontolaemus 35

Elutella, Ephestia 26

Ennychioides, Mecyna 31

Scopula 37

Ephistemoides, Cis 35

Epicapna, Synomotis 33

Epicurus, Anchomenus 26

Eremioides, Agrotis' 50

Erro, Anchomenus 27

Eucrena, Scopula 37

Eugeniae, Chionaspis 44, 46

Eulella, Ephestia 37

Evanescens, Cis 29

Exaula, Margarodes 37

Exigua, Mecyna 28, 31

Orthomecyna 37

Orthomecyna var. cupreipennis.... 33

Scopula 30

Expers, Brachypeplus 35

Explanatus, Brachypeplus 29

Explicandus, Lispinodes 30

Extranea, Leucania 30, 32

Extraneus', Odynerus 36

Exulans, Salda 28

E
Facilis, Aeletes 35

Prosopis 29, 36

Familiaris, Myllaena 30

Fascialis, Hypena 30

Fasciata, Deielia 38

Fasciatus, Lepidotus 6

Trechus 23

Fasciculatus, Araeocerus 49

Femoratus, Metacoelus' 36

Ferrugineum, Tribolium 48

Filicum, Eecanium 44

Filipes, Clytarlus 35, 49

Finschi, Clytarlus 30, 31

Playithmysus 43, 49

Fioriniae, Fiorinia 46

Flava, Mytilaspis 41, 42, 45

var. hawaiiensis 41, 42

Flavescens, Pantala 25, 33

Flaviceps, Liophaena 30

Flavifrons, Prosopis 29, 36

Flavimaculata, Lephygama 39, 48

Flavinervis; var.? Musca 25

Flavipes, Eupelmus 33, 36

Prosopis 23, 29, 36

58

Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

Page

Flavo-orbitalis, Echthromorpha 36

Floricola, Brachypeplus 35

Floricolens, Gesneria S3

Hednota 37

Floridensis, Ceroplastes 44 47

Forficularis, Prognathogryllus 40

Formicarius, Cylas 13

Formosa, Xerocopa 37

Fossipennis, Anchomenus 26

Fossulatus, Promecoderus 31

Foveatus, Heteramphus 35

Fragilis, Clytarlus 31, 49

Fraternus, Anchomenus 26

Frigida, Blackburni 34

Scoparia 31. 37> 43

Frigidus, Xyleborus 35

Frontinalis*, Trogophlaeus 30

Frugiperda, I^aphygma 42, 44

Fugitivus, Anchomenus ,... 26

Gonioryatus 35

Fulleri, Aramigus 49

Funebris, Plagithmysus 43, 49

Fuscipennis, Prosopis 29, 36

Fuscipes, Elater 6

Fuscum, Xiphidium 40

G

Geminata, Solenopsis 29, s^

Gerontialis, Asopia 37

Glabra, Oligota 30

Glabricollis, Holcobius 31

Glabripennis, Mirosternus' 31

Glaiiculalis, Margaronia 31

Gloverii, Mytilaspis 44 45

Gossypiella, Gelechia 17, 49

Gracilipes, lyiophaena 30

Gracilis, Itodacnus 35

Proterhinus 31

Rhyncolus' 24

Gracillimum, Monomorium 47

Granulatus, Holcobius 31

Gravidus, Dryophthorus 27

Greeni, Aspidiotus 47

Grisella, Achroea 37

Griseus, Asopus 21

Hypothenemus 35

Guineense, Tetramorium 29, 36, 47

Guttatus, Brachypeplus 31

H

Halticoides, Oodemas' 26, 27

Haleakalae, Odynerus 36

Harschi, Cyclothorax 32

Hawaiiensis, Agrion 33

Forficula 32, 40

Gonitis 32

Limneria 36

Mytilaspis 45, 47

Odynerus * 36

Pimpla 36

Page

Scoparia 31

Trichoptilus 37

Xerocopa 37, 43

Hebraeus, Polistes 36

Hebroides, Merragata 26

Hederae, Aspidiotus var. nerii 45

Hepatica, Anomalochrysa 33

Hemipterus, Carpophilus 27

Hemisphaericum, Lecanium 44, 47

Hesperidum, Lecanium 39, 40, 44, 45

Hieroglyphica, Blatta 32

Phyllodromia 40

Hilarella, Azinus 33

Hilaris, Prosopis 29, 36

Hirta, Spalangia 36

Hirtellus, Heteramphus 35

Hispidus, Eulachus 35

Honoluluensis, Apterocyclus 25

Hospes, Pison 29, 36

Humeralis, Elater 31

Ephestia 31

Homoeosoma 37

Proterhinus 29

Hunteri, Pyrameis 28

Vanessa 28

Hydrophila, Hednota 37

Scotomera 32

Hystrix, Proterhinus 31

I

Ichnias, Xeroscopa 43

Idolias, Scotorythra 49

Ignavus, Oodemas 30

Ignicola, Bembidium 28

Ignotus, Acalles 35

Illepida, Teras' 32

Immaturus, Xyleborus 35

Impacta, Bolitochara 34

Impressus, Brachypeplus 27

Inaequalis, Brachypeplus 27

Inauratus, Brachypeplus 31

Incendiarius, Anchomenus 28

Incognita, Diestola 34

Incompta, Lithocharis 34

Inconspicuum, Saronychium 26

Indecora, Depress'aria 33

Ineptus, Proterhinus 35

Infernum, Oodemas 30

Infirmus, Brachypeplus 27

Inflata, Heliothis 24

Ingloria, Prodenia 15, 26, 30, 32

Innotabilis, Gryllus 32, 40

Innotatus, Nabis 26, 37

Insignis, Blackburnia 27

Dryophthorus 27

Hypena 26, 30

Proterhinus 35

Xyletobius 35

Ins'ociabilis, Anchomenus 27

Insolida, Luteva 26

List of Species

59

Page

Insulare, Oodemas 27

Insularis, Acritus 34

Ammophorus 23

Calleida 23

Cis 35

Encyrtus 36

Erysarcoris 22

Lebia 23

Larentia 28

Leptogenys 29, 36

Luperus 24

Oligotoma 33, 35, 4i, 45

Selenophorus 2^^

Telephanus 35

Xyleborus 35

Instilicola, Odynerus 2>^

Integer, Proterhinus 35

Interpunctalis, Plodia 28

Interpunctella, Ephestia 2>7

lodora, Genophantis Z7

Iridipennis, Pison 29, 36

Irritans, Haematobia 17, 47

Ischnias, Xerocopa Z7

J

Jacunda, Xerocopa 37, 43

Jaynei, Labrocerus 35

Jucunda, Scoparia var. formosa 31

Jucundus, Geotomus 26, 37

Junius, Anax 24, 25, 33

K
Kammeamea, Vanessa (see tammeamea)

Kauaiensis, Oligota 34

Kinbergi, Scymnus 24

Koelense, Agrion .^. 34

Koelensis, Brachypeplus 35

Koelensis, Nabis' 37

Kona, Prosopis 36

Konae, Eopenthes 35

Konanum, Chaenosternum 35

Lacteipennis, Epitranus 36

Lacerata, Tramea 25, 33

Laeticulus, Cis 29

Laetus, Cyclothorax 30

Laevigata, Evania 29, 34, 36

Lamarckianus, Plagithmysus 49

Lanaiensis, Plagithmysus 43, 49

Lacteipennis, Epitranus Z2>

Lateralis', Acalles 35

Laticollis, Clytarlus 49

Proterhinus 35

Latrifrons, Diestota 30

Latus, Gonioryctus 27

Lecontei, Proterhinus 29

Lectularia, Acanthia 28, Z7

Leuconeura, Sierola 36

Lictorea, Anisolabis :^2

Page
Ligata, Methana 40

Pariplaneta 32

Lignivora, Diplosara 33

Scardia 28

Limbipennis, Catapicephala 25

Linealis, Paropanyx 37

Linearis, Proterhinus 35

Lineatus, Ophion ZZ^ 3^

Xyletobius 35

Liodyta, Omiodes' 37

Litorea, Eurycreon 3^7

Scopula 33

Littorea, Anisolabis 40

Littoralis, Platyptilus z^, Z7

Livornica, Deilephila 26, 30

Localis, Nacoleia 46

Odynerus 29

Omiodes Z7

Longella, Blabophanes 33

Monopis 45

Longicollis, Nysius 37

Longicornis, Fornax 35

Prenolepis , 36

Proterhinus 35

Longillus, Ps'eudolus 35

Longipennis, Cis 35

Oligota 34

Longipes, Aeletes 34

Clytarlus 49

Longispina, Aspidiotus 41,44,45

Longulus, Proterhinus 29

Rhyncolus 24

Longulum, Lecanium z^, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 49

Lticicolens, Spaelotis 30

Lucipetens, Anchomenus 28

Lusciosus, Nabis 26

M

Maclachlani, Anomalochrysa 34

Macroglossum, Sphinx 8

Maculatus, Carpophilus 27

Maculicollis, Hypothenemus 29

Maculipennis, Echthromorpha 24, 36

Major, Holcobius 31

Mammeae, Pulvinaria 41,42,44,45

Mandibularis, Crabro 29, 36

Marginipennis, Calotermes 2)Z

Marmoratus, Xyletobius 31

Maritima, Anisolabis 32, 40

Marsdeni, Blepyrus 46

Maskelli, Aspidiotus 45

Morganella 43

Mauiense, Oodemas 27

Mauiensis, Acalles 35

Coplatus 34

Crabro :^^

Nysius 2i7

Mauritanica, Heterophaga 22

Mauritia, Spodoptera 48

Maurus, Odynerus 29

6o

Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

Page

Mediocris, Clytarlus 49

Megacephala, Pheidole $6

Melanocephala, Tapinoma 36, 47

Melanopis, Xerocopa 37, 43

Melifica, Apis 29

Mes'oleuca, Xerocopa 37, 43

Metallescens, Brachypeplus 31

Metatarsalis, Lispe 25

Meticulosus, Anchomenus 26

Micacea, Aporodes 31

Scopula 37

Micans, Cyclothorax 27

Microgaster, Callithmysus 49

Clytarlus 29

Microphya, Chrysopa 33

Migrator, Bostrichus' 35

Minor, Euxestus 35

Minuscula, Boreophila 31

Mestolobes 37, 43

Mintitus, Eidoreus 35

Modestus, Agrypnus 6

Clytarlus 29, 49

Dryophthorus 27

Moesta, Reclada 28

Monogona, Omiodes 37

Montana, Anomalochrysa 34

Diestola 34

Scoparia 43

Montanus', Anotheorus 26

Odynerus 29, 36

Monticola, Aeletes 35

Chaetogaedia 36, 43

Gonioryctus 27

Sierola 36

Monticolans, Scopula 37

Eupithecia 30

lyocastra 32

Montivagus, Cyclothorax 27

Montrouzieri, Cryptolaemus 38, 42, 43

Mori, Lecanium 44, 47

Morio, Chelisoches 32, 40

Multipunctatus, Cyclothorax 27

Mundulus, Anthicus 35

Cardiastethus 26

Mundus, Heptoncus 27

Murimus, Lepidotus' 6

Muscicola, Anchomenus 26, 34

Mutabilis, Dyscolus 26

Mutanda, Oligota 30

Muticus, Mirosternus 31

Onthophagus 23

Mysticus, Anchomenus 26

N

Nautarurn, Odynerus 36

Nemorivagus, Nysius 31

Nerii, Aspediotus 41, 42, 44

Newelli, Playithmysus 43

Nigrescens, Mecyna 31

Scopula 37

Page
Nigricans, Ophion 33, 36

Proterhinus 29

Nigriceps, Pamera 25, 28

Rhyparochromus 22

Nigrinus, Xyletobius 31

Nigripenne, Rhygchium 24

Nigripennis, Odynerus 36

Nigrofasciatus, Cis 35

Nigro-hamatum, Agrion 34

Nigrum, Lecanium 42, 44, 45, 49

van depressum 41, 45

Nitida, Brachymetopa 40

Nitidus', Nysius 31

Nivicola, C)odemas 27

Noctivolans, Toxocampa 30

Nodifer, Clytarlus .,. 49

Nuda, Metrarga 28

Nutans, Micracantha 27

Nutator, Oopsis 27

O

Oahuense, Agrion 34

Oahuensis, Cyclothorax 27

Myllaena 34

Selda 37

Obliquus, Xyleborus 35

Obscura, Calandra 22

Metrarga 37

Prenolepis 36

Obscurata, Chalcis 44

Obscure-punctatus, Odynerus' 36

Obscuricolor, Cyclothorax 27

Obscurum, Oodemas 27

Pentarthrum 27

Platydema 35

Obscurus, Astrimus 27

Eopenthes 35

Labrocerus 35

Mirosternus 31

Proterhinus 27

Rhabdocnemis 16, 40, 41, 49

Sphenophorus 37, 42

Obsoleta, Hypena 26, 30, 31

Obs'oletus, Brachypeplus 31

Obtusata, Phillodromia 40

Obtusus, Fornax 35

Oceanica, Chrysopa 33

Oceanicus, Anchomenus 26

Oceanicum, Megalagrion 33

Ocellatus, Anax ^. 24

Scymnus 35, 44

Ocellea, Eromene 37

Octoocellatus, Calpodes 31, 32

Oculatus, Propalticus 29

Oleae, Lecanium 39,40,41,42,44,45,48

Olinda, Brachypeplus 35

Olindae, Oodemas 30

Pandomorus 49

Omalioides, Brachypeplus 27

Ombrodes', Xeroscopa 43

List of Species

6i

Page

Opacus, Rhyncolus 31

Opurculella, Phthorimaea 13

Ornatipennis, Anomalochrysa 34

Oscillans, Nabis ^y

Proterhinus 27

Osculatus, Xyletobius 31

Oxyptera, Hednota ^y

P

Pachysema, Xerocopa ^y, 43

Pacifica, Anisolabis 40

Arma 24

Euthyrrapha S2, 40

Myllaena 34

Pacificus, Aphodius 29

Cis 29

Colymbetes' 21

Odynerus ^6

Rhantus 6

Pacificum, Agrion 33, 34

Paratrigonidium 40

Trigonidium 24, 32

Pallescens, Ivispinodes 34

Palliatus, Monolexis 31, 36

Pallida, Mytilaspis 41, 44

var. Maskelli 45

Oniscosoma 32, 40

Pallidipennis, Telephanus 35

Pallinervis, Sarcophaga 25

Palmae, Dyscolus' 26

Palpalis, Diestota 30

Paludicola, Pseudocoremia 28

Pandanicola, Sciophagus 35

Paradoxus, Cyclothorax 28

Proterhinus 29

Parallelus, Brachypeplus 35

Fornax 35

Parda, Laverna var. montivolans 32

Parvulus, Colymbetes 21

Coplatus' 6

Parva, Diestota 30

Patellaeformis, Diaspis' 42, 44

Patruelis, Arma 24

Oechalia 28

Pectinatus, Helcogaster 35

Pele, Cyclothorax 28

Pellucidus, Capsus 24, 28

Pelodes, Automola 33

Pennatus, Clytarlus 31, 49

Perforatum, lyecanium 42

Pergandei, Parlatoria 44

Perjurus, Formicaleo ;^s

Myrmelon 23

Perkinsi, Plagithmysus 43, 49

Permundus, Plagithmysus' 49

Perniciosus, Aspidiotus 45, 48

Persearum, Aspidiotus 45

Persequens, Tripleps 26

Peruvianus, Dysdercus 25

Photophila, Leucania 28

Page

Picinus, Selenophorus 23

Picticornis', Solindenia 33, 36

Plana, Diestota 30

Planus, Platynus 31, 32

Plebeius', Attagenus 35

Piebejus, Gomphocerus 24

Plexippus, Anosia 36

.Poeyi, Gryllus 40

Polita, Oligota 30

Polynesians, Chalcis 31, 36

Crabro 31, 36

Limneria 33, 36

Scleroderma 36

Pomorum, Mytilaspis 41, 44, 45

Ponteni, CoHas 24, 25

Porcalus, Ps'ammodius 6

Prasina, Alschua 24

Procatus, Cis : 29

Procellaris, Agrotis 50

Prolixa, Oligota 34

Prolixum, Pentarthrum 27

Protervus, Anchomenus 26

Proteus, 3?arlatoria var. pergandei .... 47

Protinoides, Brachypeplus 29

Prunicola, Chionaspis .41, 44, 46

Psidii, Pulvinaria 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 49

Pteridicola, Nysius' 31

Puberula, Crepidodera 24

Pubipennis, Sericoderus 34

Pulchra, Delphax 23, 24

Ploiariodes 37

Pulverulentus, Plagithmysus 23, 43, 49

Stenopterus 22

Pulvillatus, Clytarlus 31

Pumila, Tachyusa 30

Punctatissima, Ponera sub-sp.

s'chauninslandi 47

Punctata, Blata 20

Punctatus, Mirosternus 31

Puncticeps, Brachypeplus 27

Diestota 30

Parandra 6, 27, 49

Punctipennis, Proterhinus 31

Pungeus, Sphinx 8, 13

Purchasi, Icerya 17, 41, 42, 44, 45, 49

Pusilla, Catorama 35

Pheidole 29, 32

Pusillus, Dryophthorus 27

Proterhinus 29

Pustulans, Asterolecanium 40, 42, 45

Putealis, Anchomenus 30

Pygidiata, I^abia 32,40

Q

Quadracallis', Brachypeplus 35

Quadratus, Lispinodes 34

Quinquefasciatus, Culex 34

R

Radula, Odynerus 19, 36

Rapae, Pieris 49

62

Bernice P. Bishop Museum — Bulletin

Page

Rapax, Aspidiotus 47

Rara, Scotosia 28,30

Recurvalis, Hymenia 26

Zinckenia 27, 4^

Reflexum, Aegosoma 31, 42, 49

Reitteri, Brachypeplus 27

Remota, Calandra 35

Rhynchophora, Platyptilia 2^7

Robustus, Brachypeplus 27

Clytarlus 27

Cyclothorax 30

Proterhinus" - - 35

Robustum, Oodemas 27

Rosae, Aulascaspis 46

Diaspis 41, 44

Roridus, Cis 35

Rotundus, Corylophus 34

Rubens, Ceroplastes 42, 44, 45

Rubescens, Nysius 31

Rubritinctus, Nabis 2>7

Odynerus 29, 36

Rubro-caudatus, Crabro 2^

Rubromaculata, Ploiariodes 27

Rubro-pustulatus, Odynerus 36

Rudolphi, Odynerus 37

Rufescens, Anomalochrysa 33

Diestota 30

Rugatus, Xyleborus 35

Rugiventris, Prosopis 2^

Rupicola, Anchomenus 27

S

Sabuleti, Psammodius 6

Sandwicensis, Odynerus 36

Sarpendon, Papilio .^. 25

Satelles, Agrion 34

Eopenthes 35

Satellus, Mauia 25

Satellum, Prosopis :^

Saucia, Agrotis 44

Schauinslandi, Megachile 45

Paranemobius 41

Phalainesthes 47

Sculpturatum, Oodemas 27

Scrupulos'us, Anchomenus 26

Sculpturatus, Fornax 35

Scutatus, Proterhinus 35

Sedata, Parasia 33

Semiochrea, Mestolobes 32, 27, 43

Semicylindricus, Hydrophilus ....6, 20, 22, 28

Senegalensis, Elater 6

Senilis, Trogophlaeus 30

Sericea, Evania 2?>, 3^

Sericeus, Halobates 34

Serricornis, Xyletobius 35

Setarius, Cis' 35

Setiger, Sotenus 27

Severus, Anax 24

Sexguttatus, Camponotus 29, 2'^

Sharpi, Anchomenus 27

Page

Atrachycnemis 27

Signatus, Cis 29

Simaethina, Mestolobes 32

Similis, Gonioryatus 35

Proterhinus 35

Simiolus, Cyclothorax 27

Simplex, Proterhinus 27

Simulans, Oligota 34

Tinea 2^

Sinicus, Adoretus 17

Sodalis, Cardiastethus 28

Solitarius, Plagithmysus 43

Sordidus, Brachypeplus 31

Specularis, Monomorium 36

Speculifera, Plagithmysus 43

Sphenophori, Ceromasia 16

Spretus, Brachypeplus 35

Spurcum, Bembidium 30

Squalidus, Dryophthorus 27

Squamosa, Hyperomorpha 35

Stellata, Melanomecyna 2Z

Scopula 37

Stenocnemis', Aphodius 6

Stercorator, Aphodius 6

Sternalis, Proterhinus 29

Stigius, Crabro 29

Straminea, Chiloides 35

Strenuus, Anax 24, 33

Striatus, Brachypeplus 31

Stygius, Crabro 36

Subquadratum, Cyclonotum 29

Subrufus, Nabis 26, 27

Substrictum, Oodemas 36

Subtilis, Megascelis 24

Subtristis', Geotomus 26, 27

Suffusa, Agrotis 28, 30

Sulphurescens, Plagithmysus 43

Surinamensis, Panchlora 2^

Leucophaea 40

Pycnoscelus 20

Silvanus 48

Suturalis, Corylophus 34

Synastra, Phlyctaenia 50

T

Tabidus, Cis 29

Tammeamea, Vanessa 4, 7, 26, 31

Pyrameis 25

Tantalus, Dyscolus 26

Tardum, Oodemas 35

Tarsalis, Proterhinus 35

Telarius', Tetranychus 40, 41

Terebratus, Disenochus 30

Teres, Bembidium 30

Terminale, Cryptorhopalum 35

Tesselatum, Lecanium 42, 44, 47

Testaceiceps, Moranila 23, 3^

Testaceipes, Sierola 31, 2'^

Tetragonus, Heptoncus 27

Tibialis, Labetis 29, 35

List of Species

63

Page

Tinctus, Brachypepltis 29

Tormentosus', Elater 6

Torvus, Brachypeplus 35

'Transparens, Aspidiotus 47

Triscia, Scotorythra 50

Truncatus, Xyleborus 35

U

Umbrosus, Adoretus 39, 42, 44

Unctus, Cyclothorax 30

Unicolor, Crabro 23, 29, s^

Unipuncta, Lecania 44

Usitata, Thyrocopa 33

V

Vagans, Microvelia 28

Vagepunctatus, Cis' 35

Varicolor, Tettigonia 23

Validus, Proterhinus 31

Variegata, Oligota 34

Varians, Plagithmysus 43, 49

Varius, Brachypeplus 31

Lepidotus 6

Vastator, Dactylopius 41,45,47

Velans, Hypocala 32

Velox, Oxya 40

Venosa, Caradina 30

Scoparia 31

Xerocopa 37, 43

Verticalis, Graptodera 24

Verticillata, Plusia 26, 27, 30, 44

Vestator, Dactylopius' 42, 43

Vestitus, Brachypeplus 31

Page

Litargus 29

Proterhinus 27

Rhyncogonus 35

Vicina, Myllaena 30

Vicinus, Plagithmysus 43, 49

Viduus, Bythoscopus 24

Villosa, Metrarga 28

Vinosus, Elipsocus S3

Violentus', Myrmelon 23

Virescens, Mecyna 31, 37

Virgatus, Dactylopius 45

Vitticollis, Plagithmysus 43

Vividus, Scymnus 35, 44

Volitalis, Prosopis .» 29, 36

Vulcan, Nysius 31

Vulcanus, Cyclothorax 28

Odynerus 36

W

Walsinghamii, Proteopteryx 32

Whitei, Nysius 37

Ploiariodes 31

Wilsoni, Formicaleo 38

Wollastoni, Heteramphus 35

X

Xanthomelas, Agrion 33

Y
Ypsilon, Agrotis 44

Z

Zizyphi, Parlatoria 44, 47

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

BOUND

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UNIV, OF MICH.
UeRARY

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R/med by Preservation
1997

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