te + ts, .
Me
eT UNRAM ee ee reer eee we ee ee ee ee ee ee err ee ee, er are,
ela,
A dbase
i at cy 203
LSeA4 a
/5q/,
”
; re
2) ae ee
a ri
PREFATORY NOTE.
—@e—
THE following translation of BRAMBACH’S admira- ble Hiilfsbiichlein fiir lateinische Rechtschreibung will, I trust, prove of praetical value to classical students in this country. To those whose aim it is to become accurate Latinists, the importance of the subject can scarcely be overstated. It has been held, indeed, by not a few scholars of sober judgment, that it is a matter of even greater moment than the question of Latin pronunciation; but, not to touch upon that vexed point, it would, perhaps, be truer to say that until Latin orthography is systematically and per- sistently taught in our schools and colleges, no reformation in pronunciation is likely to obtain gen- erally.
The significance of the subject from a metrical and etymological point of view is too manifest to require argument.
And yet it is scarcely too much to say that the whole matter is practically ignored in this country,
iv PREFATORY NOTE.
both in the actual teaching of the class-room and, with few praiseworthy exceptions, in American edi- tions of the classics. In the former, as a general rule, one form of a word is accepted in written exer- cises as being quite as good as another; while in the latter, outside a few scholarly editions, we find a dead level of orthographic uniformity from Sallust to Tacitus.
That such a state of things can long exist in a country where there are so many teachers trained in the best European universities and fully abreast of the results of Continental investigation, is not to be expected. England, the most conservative of nations in things classical, as in all other things, has re- sponded with unwonted promptness to the eloquent pleadings of PRoF. Munro on the subject in his In- troduction to Lucretius, and English schoolmasters, it is said, are doing conscientious work in this direction. In Germany the subject has long been accorded in the schools that degree of painstaking attention which it so fully merits, every boy in the gymnasia being required to keep constantly at his elbow such a ready- reference table of orthography as that appended to this volume. Of the eminent scholars who, in that country, have made the matter a subject of special investigation, FLECKEISEN, WAGNER, SCHULTZ, and
PREFATORY NOTE. V
others, BRAMBACH stands confessedly first, his larger work published in 1868 (Die Neugestaltung der latet- nischen Orthographie in threm Verhiltniss zur Schule) having made him the generally recognized authority on the subject. In this AW7/fsdiichlein the student will find embodied the results of that more elabo- rate work as well as those of the author’s subse- quent study, and it is to be hoped, in the interests of sound scholarship, that the book will be as cor- dially welcomed by teachers in America as it has been by their brethren in Germany.
Immediately on the appearance of the Hiilfsbiich- lein, in 1872, the eminent classical publishers, Messrs. Teubner of Leipzig, advertised that thereafter the texts of their Latin authors for schools would be printed in accordance with its decisions. These well-known ° texts (“fiir den Schulgebrauch”) are used in many of our best schools and colleges, and afford valuable aid to teachers who bestow any attention upon Latin orthography. . Necessarily dictionaries and grammars exert an overwhelming influence in this direction, and it is a hopeful sign that we have recently had an elementary Latin text-book (the excellent Latin Primer by Pror. B. L. GILDERSLEEVE, PH. D.) in which BRAMBACH’S spelling has been consistently followed, and that the revised edition of ANDREWS’ Latin Lexi-
vi PREFATORY NOTE.
con has been intrusted to scholars who are known to be in sympathy with the great German authority.
My special obligations are due to my friend, PROF. TuHos. R. PRIcE, M: A., one of the foremost of our young American scholars, not only for assistance in verification of authorities cited, but for repeated and valuable suggestions.
A few errors in the German original have been corrected in this translation, and the table of abbre- viations extended.
The references to Vol. II. of NEUE’s Formenlehre der lateinischen Sprache have also been changed so as to conform to the new edition of that valuable work, which has entirely superseded among scholars the old edition referred to in the original.
W. GORDON McCABE,
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL, PETERSBURG, VA., 1877.
CONTENTS,
PREFATORY NOTE . ; : , ; : wig INTRODUCTION TO THE GERMAN EDITION . : 9 ABBREVIATIONS . : ‘ ; , ‘ : - 4
GENERAL RULES OF ORTHOGRAPHY.
A. SPELLING. § 1. The Nature of Latin Spelling . . ~ I5
§ 2. The Latin Alphabet . ; ; : 15 B. RULES DEDUCIBLE FROM PHONETICS. § 3: The Concurrence of twol’s__. ; =, 16 § 4. The Concurrence of two V’s. : : 17 § 5. Diphthongs : ; ‘ ‘ ‘ . 18 § 6. Guttural Consonants. . ; 20 § 7. Labial Consonants . : ; 7 « § 8. Dental Consonants. . ee, eroay 22 § 9. Liquid and Nasal Canstnatted ‘ . . 23 § 10. The Sibilant S ‘ ; ‘ ‘ ; 24 § 11. X before S . 4 ‘ ‘ ; : o Sf
§ 12. Aspirates ; ‘ : . ‘ : 25
Vili CONTENTS.
C. RULES DEDUCIBLE FROM INFLECTION AND DERI-
VATION. . § 13. The First Declension : ; . . 26 § 14. The Second Declension : ae 26 § 15. The Third Declension . : : a § 16. The Fourth Declension ‘ ; : 30 § 17. Adjectives and Numerals . ; ; ‘oe § 18. Pronouns ©. ‘ ; ‘ ‘ ; 31 § 19. Verbal Inflections . : P : ; as § 20. Verbal Compounds . ‘ : : 34
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX, alphabetically arranged . 39
READY-REFERENCE TABLES FOR LATIN ORTHOGRA- PHY af se sate, oe Oe en oid cr
INTRODUCTION TO THE GERMAN EDITION.
_—
RUuLEs for Latin orthography have a double aim.
In the first place, they seek to give the texts of authors the proper form that is based upon the his- tory of the language.
in the second place, they settle the forms for modern Latinity.
Xs
The time in which the Roman writers now read in our schools flourished, embraces a period of about two centuries (Something more than from Ioo B. c.* to loo A. D.). At the beginning of this period, the Latin language, as is frequently evidenced by the texts of these authors, was in process of a rapid development in respect to forms. With a view to dis- tinguish the usage of these writers in the matter of pronunciation and orthography, we may divide them into three groups.
To the first and oldest group belong Cicero, Cesar, and Sallust.
Of these, Sallust has a marked fondness for long-
_* This limit is given in view of the fact that Terence is, unfor- tunately, no longer read in German schools.
IO INTRODUCTION TO THE GERMAN EDITION.
established forms, while Czesar lends a ready ear to the pronunciation just coming into fashion, and in so far as his philological studies allow it to seem ad- visable, forwards a general acceptance of the same through his writing. Cicero takes a middle course, by seeking not so much to carry through his own peculiar notions about the correct system of phonetic spelling, as by accepting the actually received usage in regard to pronunciation and orthography, and by making concessions to it contrary to his own con- victions.
Livy, Vergil, Horace, and Ovid constitute a second group. ;
Livy is no innovator in the matter of spelling and pronunciation. In his simple narrative he clings to the prevailing orthography of his contemporaries. But as his whole heart is with the past, he has the knack, when treating of grave and venerable matters of religion and state, of giving an antique coloring to his narrative by using words aptly selected, whether we regard the words in themselves or their archaic spelling. The same is true of Vergil.
On the other hand, Horace and Ovid, gladly turn- ing to the fresh life of the present, prefer to avail themselves of the modes of speech just coming into vogue. Horace, indeed, puts himself into a con- scious antagonism to the old-fashioned poetry of the past.
To the third group belong Quintilian, Curtius, and Tacitus.
INTRODUCTION TO THE GERMAN EDITION, II
These wrote in a time when the innovations which had forced their way in since Czsar’s day had at- tained general recognition, and were used in writing without hesitation.
Apart from the others stand Cornelius Nepos and Phzedrus, whose writings have been handed down to us in such a way as to render impossible any authori- tative judgment as to the original state of their texts. We can only remove from these texts incorrect readings, without introducing into them the peculiar orthography of any fixed time.
On the other hand, the texts of the other authors named above may be so dealt with, that the first two groups conform to the practice of the old Latin in pronunciation and spelling, which prevailed down to the time of Nero, while the third (Quintilian, Curtius, and Tacitus) belongs to the Silver Latinity in its highest development.
Moreover, we are not to suppose that ancient authors undertook any critical revision of their manuscripts with an eye to orthography. So far as we can form an opinion from the originals, the ancients did not hesitate to use side by side, in the same passage, and without distinction, both of the correct forms of a word, provided that these forms still held a place in the living speech.
A narrow selection of certain forms, the spelling and pronunciation of which were to be rigidly observed throughout, would, in the eyes of an author, have seemed a task fit only for some obscure literary
I2 INTRODUCTION TO THE GERMAN EDITION.
drudge. But, on the other hand, they were equally far from employing recklessly current and antiquated forms side by side.
The bad taste of the second century after Christ first introduced this vicious habit.
II.
The orthography which obtained in the Silver age, when at its highest form-development (from: Nero to Hadrian), may be justly regarded as the best model both for modern Latinity and for grammatical pur- poses. For, in the first place, our Latin forms have Leen, in point of fact, based upon this orthography by the older grammarians. The later grammarians too, in part unconsciously, have nearly all taken this stage of the development of the language as their starting-point. To think of setting up now any other period as the standard, would be a useless experiment, and, in com- parison with the insignificance of the object, one involving far too much trouble. In the second place, we know of no earlier period of the Latin tongue so precise in the matter of forms as that which begins — with Nero, while it evidently would not be advisable to select for our purpose any later time. In the third place, the form of the language from Nero to Ha- drian really exhibits its fullest phonetic development.
In presenting the essential general rules for Latin orthography, we have in the following pages taken as our basis the model period of the language. Side by side, we have also given those deviations of the
INTRODUCTION TO THE GERMAN EDITION, 13
older period which should be familiar to the pupil for his reading.
The greater part of this hand-book consists of an index of words, in which we have arranged, in alpha- betical order, the rules of orthography which are of most importance in schools, for written exercises, and for the reading of authors. In preparing this index, regard has been had as much as possible to practical needs. We have especially omitted, so far as feasi- ble, all references to larger grammatical works, since it is not seldom the case that the teacher has no means of verifying such references. On the other hand, pertinent citations from authors used in schools are given. By thus referring the reader to sources easy of access, we afford him the opportunity of prose- cuting his own orthographic investigations, and of keeping them vividly in his mind.
ABBREVIATIONS.
A
Br. = Die Neugestaltung der lateinischen Or- thographie in ihrem Verhiltniss zur Schitle, von WILHELM BRAMBACH. Leipzig (Teub- ner), 1868.
Cod. Vat. Verrin = Codex Vaticanus of Cicero’s Orations against Verres (Cicero, ed. BAITER, HALM, Ziirich, 1854, Vol. II, 1, pp. 133 sgg. 446 sgg. MAI,
- Auct. Class. Il, p. 390 s9g.).
Cod. Veron. Livii = T. Livii ab urbe condita lib. III—IV, quae supersunt in codice Veronensi (ed. MOMMSEN, in the Transactions of the Berlin Academy, 1868 ; Phil.-Hist. Cl. p. 31).
hg: ee Se = Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. C. I. Rh. = Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanarum, FL. = Fifty paragraphs from a Aiilfsbiichlein fiir
lateinische Rechtschreibung, by ALFRED FLECKEISEN. Leipzig (Teubner), 1861.
HENZEN, Scavi = Scavi nel bosco sacro dei fratelli Arvali.... relazione publ. da GUGLIELMO HENZEN. Roma, 1868.*
Or. . = ORELLI (Inscriptionum Lat. Collectio).
Tee BX, == Inscriptiones Regni Neapolitani (ed. Momm- SEN).
Mon. Ancyr. = Monumentum Ancyranum. .
Placidi Gloss. |= Gloss Placidi Grammatici (ed. MAT).
P. L. M. = Priscae Latinitatis Monumenta Epigraphica.
* This work contains a list of Inscriptions which supplement and confirm the third section of Die Neugestaltung der lat. Orthographie, P+ 397 S9qg-
GENERAL RULES OF ORTHOGRAPHY.
_— A. SPELLING.
§ 1. THE NATURE OF LATIN SPELLING.
THE spelling of the Romans was phonetic (according to sound); that is, the sounds uttered in actual pronunciation were indicated by the spelling. If single sounds were varied or lost, the spelling changed in conformity with such variation, while lost sounds were no longer indicated.
Etymological spelling is opposed to phonetic spelling. Etymo-
logical spelling arises when those sounds which were origi- nally present in a word are still written in full, after they have undergone change, or are only faintly heard in the living pronunciation. Of this last kind is the French spelling.
§ 2. THe LATIN ALPHABET.
From the time of Augustus, the Romans used the follow-
ing alphabet : | ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTVXYZ.
The two letters I and V marked a vowel as well as a consonant sound, viz. z and 7, # and soft w. The char- acter J for ¢ (pronounced like y) is modern. But even in antiquity, side by side with the angularly shaped V, there came into use a rounded secondary form U, employed in writings on papyrus or parchment, in painted as well as in sunk inscriptions, and, more rarely, in raised ones. This
16 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
secondary form likewise marked a vowel as well as a con- sonant sound.
The letters Y and Z belong to foreign words, especially Greek ones.
The Latin alphabet is derived immediately from the Greek. Z stood in the sixth place, but it was scarcely used at all, and in the third century B. C. disappeared. Its place was taken by G, a letter which did not originally exist, and which took its shape from C. ‘Towards the end of the Republic, the neces- sity of writing Greek words accurately led to the adoption of Y, and to the re-admission of Z. These letters consequently came in at the end of the alphabet.
In the modern forms of the Latin alphabet, I i and J j, U u and V vy, are distinct. But as the character J did not come down to us from antiquity, it has, in more modern times, been generally removed from the texts of Latin authors. The smaller form 7 is also to be avoided in Latin. On the other hand, the use of # to mark a vowel sign, and v to mark a consonant sign, has become far more general. We adhere to the prevailing usage, and consequently in the following pages, I or z denotes the vowel z as well as the consonantal 7 (pronounced yj. V designates the vowel wz and soft zw; 2 is only vowel, v only consonantal.
B. RULES DEDUCIBLE FROM PHONETICS.
§ 3. THE CONCURRENCE OF TWO I’s.
In ancient times, II was written, (1) if two purely vowel z-sounds met together; (2) occasionally to mark a half vowel sound = 7; (3) if a consonantal 7 preceded a vowel 2>=/]2.
1. Two purely vowel z-sounds come together: a
GENERAL RULES. 17
a. In the Genitive Singular of the Second Declension (§ 14, 2).
é. In the Dative and Ablative Plural of the First Declension, and in the Nominative, Dative, and Ablative Plural of the Second Declension (§ 13. § 14, 3).
¢. In the Perfect Tense and in the derived forms, if a v falls out between two z-sounds . . . -éi = ivi (§ 19, II.).
2. A half vowel sound # arises whenever 7 occurs be- tween two vowels without forming a separate syllable, the 2 in this case being essentially a consonant. Soin Aiax = Ajax, a little of the vowel sound was heard, and it was pronounced Avjax. The latter was also indicated in writ- ing, though not regularly, by the double I: AIITAX. Ex- amples of the same kind are AIIO, GAIIVS, GRATIVS, (ts) EITLVS, MAITA, MAITOR, PEIIOR, POMPEIIVS, TROIIA, VVLTEIIVS. Cicero is said to have written AIITAX, AITO, MAIIA.
But as this was not the general usage in spelling, we adhere to the prevailing custom of the ancients, and write only OXE I: Aiax, aio, Gaius, Graius, eius, Maia, maior, peior, Pompeius, Troia, Vulteius.
Instead of II, a lengthened I (I=i longa) was also sometimes used, a character which originally represented the vowel i Jong by nature. In regard to this, as also on the double I, cf. Br. pp. 23, 184-188. We also find in Ciceronian Mss, the cus- tomary spelling with a single I, e. g, eius, maior in Vat. Verr., De Re ~., al. Cf. RiBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 426.
3. Consonantal 7 may stand before vowel 7=/77 in com-
pounds of the verbiacio. Cf. § 20, IT.
§ 4. THE CONCURRENCE OF TWO V’s.
VV was written in antiquity, (1) if two vowel z-sounds came together ; (2) if a vowel z followed a consonantal v
to
18 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
=wvu; (3) if a vowel zw preceded a consonantal v= wz. VV representing zz and vz was not in use before the time of Augustus, but the older combination VO = wo and vo, was employed instead.
Cicero wrote INGENVOS, SERVOS (cngezzuos, servos) for the Nominative Singular.
During the second half of the first century A. D., the grammars adopted the later form VV, which had come into use since the time of Augustus.
We follow the grammars of this time and write :
aedituus avus vulgus acuunt exiguus cervus vulnus metuunt ingenuus servus vulpes statuunt perpetuus vivus vultur tribuunt mortuus ovum vultus vivunt, etc.
VV representing wv (e. g. uva, iuvo, iuventus) is cer- tainly older than zz, zw, and there is no question as to its employment in writing.
Cf. Br. 87-101 on the older emia VO, which is also found in the later days of the Empire, and on the develop- ment of VV (zzz, v2, 2v).
VV was sometimes avoided by the falling away of one of these characters, e. gs INGENVS = ingenuus, VIVS = vivus, IVENTVS = iuventus. (BR. 90 5g.,94-.) Under this head belongs the familiar dizs = divus (sub dio).
On guzz, see § 6, II.
§ 5. DIPHTHONGS.
1. Of the Diphthongs, ae and oe are liable to be con- founded with e. Cf.such words as caelum, glaeba, oboedio.
As early as from the first century after Christ, ae was confounded
GENERAL RULES. 19
with ¢ in inscriptions, and it is often difficult to arrive at the correct spelling, since the oldest Mss. are in this respect ut- erly untrustworthy and faulty. We can only decide for the ae or the e with absolute certainty when a doubtful word is authenticated by well-written inscriptions. The confounding of o¢ and e passed over from plebeian into medizval Latin, and has had a deteriorating influence on Mss. As in the Mid- dle Ages ae and oe were confounded with e, so the distinction even between ae and oe became obliterated (BR. 204-207).
2. The Romans rendered e before a vowel, in Greek words, by ¢ as well as 7. They did not employ the diph- thong e7. This rendering of e by ¢ is the older usage, and belongs to the times of Cicero and Augustus, but by the first century of the Empire z= e occurs far oftener. We cannot lay down a general rule which will hold in the case of every word, but must be guided in individual instances by the readings of Mss, and by inscriptions. See in the al- phabetical index, Alexandrea, Antiochea, Areopagita, Areus pagus, Augeas, Dareus, Decelea, Heraclea, Pythagoreus, Seleucea, Thalia.
Before consonants « usually becomes 7, e. g. in patro- nymics like Atrides. Cf. in index, cheragra, Hilotae, idyllium, Polycletus.
The older form with e was preserved in Aeneas (Aiveias); became prevalent in Academia (CAxadzjuea). On the other hand, in most words, particularly in adjectives in eos and in names of towns in ea, the usage varied, so that Priscian was forced to allow ¢ as well as z. For examples, see ZUMPT on Cic. in Verr. II, 2, 21, 51; MAbDviG on Cic. de Fin. V, 19, 54; ELLENDT on Cic, de Or. I, 21, § 98 (I, p. 67 sg.); OSANN on Cic. de Re p. (pp. 466-468) ; FLECKEISEN, Philologus, lV, 335 5g.; RiBBECK, Prol. in Verg. pp. 415, 417 Sg.; Cf. KEL- LER, Fahrd. fiir Phil. 103, p. 739.
20 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
§ 6. GUTTURAL CONSONANTS.
I. Cas a Sibilant.
From the beginning of the Middle Ages, or, at the ear- liest, from the last century of the Roman empire, C before I with a following vowel was pronounced as a sibilant. About the same time, or a little earlier, T before I with a following vowel in like manner became a sibilant. For ex- ample, since ca and ¢/a were pronounced alike (z7a), c/ and ti were confounded in writing, and thus great confusion oc- curred in the Mss. of the Middle Ages. The true spelling can only be ascertained from the oldest Mss., and from inscriptions.
As early as the third century, zz beforé'a vowel was confounded
with cz in the African dialects. See L. MULLER, De re metr. p- 262. Inthe rest of the Western nations, the confusion probably first occurred a century later (BR. 215-219).
Examples are: condicio, contio, nuntio, otiunt, solaciunt, etc. Here belongs the whole class of Adjectives in -cizs, which were first written with a ¢ (-z¢/zs) after the fall of the Roman empire.
Il. QV before V.
QV preceding a z-sound does not occur in the time of the Roman republic. Cicero wrote QVOM, CVM, QVOI (cwz), EQVOS (egzus), and the like. But when VV = vz had been formed, QVV also came into use, and we there- . fore write, following the text-books of the Roman empire:
antiquus, coquus, Joquuntur, iniquus, equus, sequuntur, etc. Br. 95, 229 sg. Cf. above, § 4. The Ciceronian Mss. still pre- serve numerous remains of the spelling QVOM, etc.
GENERAL RULES. , 21
But before the combination QVV (gz) was made pos- sible, in some instances two new combinations had already been formed from the older form QVO. Q passed over into C, and from the VO there arose, either through abra- sion, simple V, or through loss of V, simple O.
Thus are to be explained the following forms:
cum, old guwom, was not written gum.
cotidie, sharpened into cottidie (gzoto-die) ; not to be written guotidie.
As cum arose from guom, so the termination -cws arose oo guos in Substantives and Adjectives: e. g. aecus, instead of aeguus, cocus, instead of coguus, from aeguos and coguos. This termination, which we frequently meet with in Mss., is, it is true, theoretically correct, but was not accepted by ‘the grammarians of the Empire. Consequently we avoid it. So too the verbal forms seczntur, locuntur, instead of seguuntur, loguuntur, from seguontur, loguontur. (BR. 232-237.)
§ 7. LABIAL CONSONANTS.
I. B before S and T.
3B before S and T was pronounced hard, and sounded like P. In many instances this hard ‘sound is indicated by the spelling, and in place of the original B, we find the P, which had come to represent that sound.
On this point the grammars should lay down the follow- ing rules :
1. B is written before S in Substantives, whose Genitive ends in -dis; e. g. urbs, not urps; plebs, not pleps.
2. B is written before S and T in Prepositions ; ad (ads, absque), 0b, sub; e. g. absorbeo, obses, obsto, obtineo, subseguor, etc ; not aps, oft.
22 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Only in szbter and supter are both spellings allowed, but the first is the more correct.
3. P is written before S and T in the Conjugation of the Verb; e. g. scribo, scripsi, scriptum, not scribsi; absorpsi, uupst, nuptum, etc.
In antiquity, these rules were not always observed. We fre-
quently find in inscriptions such forms as PLEPS, OPSIDIO, GP- TINEO, SCRIBTVS, etc. (BR. 241-248.)
Il. P between Mand S, Mand 7.
When M and S or M and T collide, a f-sound is in- serted after the M. There are physiological reasons for this. The P-sound arises on opening the lips closed for the m-sound, and renders easier the transition to S or T. Ac- cordingly, in Verbs whose stem ends in M, a P is inserted before the terminations s7, fu, etc., e. g. demo, dempsi, demptum ; emo, emptum; sumo, sumpst, sumptum, etc. This spelling obtains universally in the case of the Verb. On the other hand, the P was generally discarded by gram- marians in the Substantive Aéems.
Br. 248-250. HIEMPS is also supported by examples (70. 249).
§ 8. DENTAL CONSONANTS.
The two Dental Consonants, D and T, often sounded so much alike at the end of a word that they could not be distinguished. Owing to this, confusion frequently arose between D and T in spelling. The following rules are to be observed as being generally applicable :
1. Verbal endings have T: e.g. zzgzzt, religuit, not inguid, etc.
GENERAL RULES. 23
2. Pronouns have D: e. g. #l/ud (like aliud), and guod, quid, id, to distinguish them from the Verbs gust, zt, and the general Numeral gvsot.
3. Prepositions have D (ad, afud), and Conjunctions, T (at, aut, et, ut). Sed is an exception to the last.
The Adverb aud has the secondary form faut, and sometimes az before consonants.
Br. 251-254. The usage of the ancients deviates frequently from these rules. The first rule is the surest, although such forms as INQVID and the like occur. We meet more fre- quently the pronominal forms QVOT, QVIT, and QVOD (as a Numeral Adjective), and even QVODANNIS = guotan- nis. So the Preposition and Conjunction AT = ad and az, is often not distinguished ; SET = sed is remarkably frequent both in old and in later Latin. APVT, ILLVT, ISTVT, etc., are furthermore found.
§ 9. Liquip AND NASAL CONSONANTS,
I. Doubling of the L.
After along vowel L is frequently sharpened. There consequently arises a fluctuation in spelling between L and LL. Compare, in the alphabetical index, the words: querela, Messalla, Paullus, paulus, Pollio, mille, vilicus. 3
Br. 257 - 263.
II. Ad before Dental and Guttural Consonants.
In compounds, M, regz/arly before Dental Consonants, Srequently before Guttural, becomes N.
1. Before Dental: (idem) exndem, eorundem; (quidam) qguendam; (tam) f¢antus; (quam) guantus; tantundem, identidem.
24 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
2. Before Guttural: cf, in the alphabetical index, cumque, quicumque; nunquam, numquam; quan- quam ; uterque, utrumque, and the like.
Br. 263 - 266. III. WM defore S.
N sounded but feebly as a Nasal between S and a pre- ceding long vowel. It was therefore often dropped in writing. On the other hand, it was sometimes written even in cases where the word-stem originally had no N. Cf., in the alphabetical index, the words ; formosus, vi- cesimus, semestris.
Br. 266 - 272.
§ 10. THE SIBILANT S.
In the time of Cicero, Augustus, and the emperors im- mediately after Augustus, S was sharpened in certain words after a long vowel or a diphthong, and was accord- ingly often doubled in writing. Such words are cazsa, CAVSSA ; 272¢2150, INCVSSO ; caswus, CASSVS; divisio, DIVISSIO. The grammarians accepted only one S in these cases.
Br. 273-276. In the case of double S in the words caswzs and
divisio, the first S may be traced back to a D in the stem: CAD-SVS, DIVID-SIO.
§ 11. X BEFORE S.
Since X ends with an s-sound, an S preceded by X was not very audible in pronunciation. Consequently S after X was frequently dropped in writing; e. g. exto = exsto. On the contrary, the text-books in ancient times required that this S should be written after X. Cf, in the alpha- betical index, exsanguis and the words given under it.
GENERAL RULES. 25
Br. 277-280. Theoretically, there is no objection to writing XS, for the s-sound in the simple X was often expressly in- dicated by an added S; ¢. g. SAXSVM = saxum,
e § 12. ASPIRATES.
I. JL before Vowels.
Even in the time of the Republic, H before vowels at the beginning of most words sounded so faintly that it was not expressed in writing. In imperial times, this weaken- ing of the aspiration gradually extended to many words.
The weakening of the H also took place in the interior of words. (Cf.,in the alphabetical index, aeneus, cohors, prehendo, vehemens, and the words under H.)
Br. 283-287. In the later days of the Empire, we find great confusion as to aspirated and unaspirated syllables; e. ¢. ABEO = hadco, and HABEO = adeco (abire).
Il. Aspirated Consonants.
Up to the second half of the second century B. C., the Latin language had no aspirated consonants. Afterwards, P, C, T, and R were aspirated, and the resulting forma- tions indicated by PH, CH, TH, and RH.
PH is confined almost entirely to foreign words: e. g. Philippus ;
but also ¢riumphus.
P is sometimes aspirated by the Romans in Greek words, even
where the Attic dialect has 7, See Bosphorus, tropaeum.
CH and TH are written not only in foreign, but in genuine
Latin words. (See in the index, pulcher, Cethegus, Otho; cf. ancora, Cilo, coclea, corona, lacrima, Orcus, sepulcrum, 725.)
26 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
RH is written in foreign words; e. g. rietor, Rhodus, Rhenus. Br. 287-294. The spelling RH was not rigidly carried out in foreign words. See in the index Regium. (BR. 294.)
° Cc. RULES DEDUCIBLE FROM INFLECTION AND DERIVATION.
Only such rules are here grouped together as apply to the use of letters either singly or in combination. Suffixes proper do not belong here.
§ 13. THe First DECLENSION.
Words in -za do not regularly contract -zs of the Da- tive and Ablative Plural into -¢s ; accordingly, double I is to be written here; e. g. ébizs, not “dis; (via) vids, not wis. Cf. § 3.
On the other hand, contraction occurs in the poets, and some-
times also in inscriptions and in prose Mss. Neukg, Laz. Forment. 1, 32.
§ 14. THE SECOND DECLENSION.
I. In modern Latin, and in editing post-Augustan au- thors, the archaic endings -vos, -vom, -uos, -uom, -guos, and -guom, of the Nominative and Accusative Singular, are to be avoided. Cf. § 4.
2. Substantives in -zvs, -zumz, should have -zz in the Genitive Singular: e. g. filius, filit; imperium, imperit; Fabius, Fabii. Before the Augustan age, the Genitives of these Substantives ended in a single I.
GENERAL RULES. 27
In editing old texts we must be guided by the contemporary spelling of the particular author; yet in post-Augustan authors, the -ii is preferable in Common Nouns. Proper Nouns have clung tenaciously to the single J, but even in them 7 appears in poetry and in inscriptions. (Br. 188-196; 328-330.) Adjectives in izes even before the Augustan age had -z/ in the Genitive.
If a vowel comes before the ending -zws, the contrac- tion of the two z-sounds is usual, and is accepted by some of the ancient grammarians. We may, therefore, in this case, choose between two spellings :
(a) According to the prevailing usage, a single J, e. g. Gaius,
Gai, Gaio; Pompeius, Pompei, Ponipeio.
(b} According to the general rule laid down by the ancients, IT, e. g. Gaii, Pompeii, etc.
The first spelling (Gaz, Pomfe7) is better.
3. Words in -zus, -7um, have -7i and -éa in the Nomi- native Plural, and -z/s in the Dative and Ablative Plural: e. g. filius, Plural flit, filiis; studia, studiis. But if a vowel precedes, the contraction of both z-sounds into single I is more usual; e. g. 4é Gai’, and, better, 27 Gaz; Gazis, and, better, Gas; so, Pompeii, Pompei; Veit, Vet. See these words in the alphabetical index.
Deus has in the Plural di, diis, and di, dis.
Br. 196-198; 137-140. Dei, deis is archaic; dii and diis are the regular forms of the old text-books (e. g. Liv. III, 11, 6; 19,10; V, 32,93 43,73 51,33 52,17- Cod. Veron.). Di, dis, as secondary forms, are likewise proved by inscriptions. (Cf. also Liv. V, 41,8; VI, 6, 6. Cod. Veron.)
§ 15. THE THIRD DECLENSION.
1. Nouns whose stems end in / and 4, retain the stem sound unchanged in the Nominative Singular before the
28 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
case-ending (s); that is, B does not change into P, e. g. trabs, not traps. Cf. § 7, I.
2. Stems in -07, originally -ds, have the Nominative Singular regularly in -d7; e. g. amor, not the ante-classi- cal form, amos; labor, odor, etc. Toner has frequently the secondary form ovos.
NEUE, Lat. Formen/. 1, 166-171. Br. 277.
3. Some of the e- or z-stems have double Nominative forms in -es and -7s. The following Nominatives Singu- lar are regular: aedes and aedis, apes and apis, caedes, cattes, clades, fames, feles, fides and fidis (‘string of a musical in- strument’’), /abes, lues, moles, nubes, palumbes, proles, pubes, ripes, saepes, sedes, strucs, suboles, tabes, vates, vehes, verres, vulpes.
NEUE, Lat. Forment.1, 179 sg.,182 sg., where irregular Nomi-
natives in -es are given. Br. 147-149.
4. The following words have the Accusative Singular only in’ -2m:; vis, (amussis) amussim, buris, cucumis, ravis, rumis, sitis, tussis. So, the names of Italian rivers in -Zs, and Greek words in cs, w, have -7 in the Accusative in Latin; e. g. Ziberim, Lirim, Fabarim, basim, ibim, Am- Lhipolim, Neapolim, etc.
NEUE, Lat. Formeni. 1, 198, 207-212. Br.175-179. Names of rivers not in Italy have also the Accusative in -/s, e. g. Albim, Tamesim, Tigrim, Visurgim.
5. The following have the Ablative Singular in -2:
(a) Nouns, which have the Accusative in -zm. (See
above, 4.)
(b) Neuters in -e; e. g. mare.
(c) Neuters in -a/ and -ar ; e. g. tribunal, calcar.
(d) Adjectives in -ev of three endings and in -zs; Proper
GENERAL RULES.” 29
Names, however, in -és (e. g. Zuvenalis) have -e, as Zuvenale, Martiale.
The following admit of the Ablative in -e or -2: (a) Adjectives in -as, as Arpinas, Ravennas. (b) Adjectives of one ending.
Hospes, sospes, pauper, degener, uber (Adjectives in -er without . a Feminine form), have only ¢.
(c) Comparatives (e¢, however, is their predominant end- ing in the Ablative). (d) Participles in -zs. If a Participial form is used as a Proper Name, it has -e only; e. g. Clemens, Clemente: if it is used as a substantive, it gen- erally has -e.
In regard to Nouns substantive in -zs (Gen, -7s), which generally have the double form in the Ablative, no general rule, which will hold in all cases, can be laid down.
Br. 158-175. NEvE, Lat. Forment. I, 213-250.
6. The Nominative Plural regularly ends in -es.
Br. 158. The secondary form in -is was not accepted by the old text-books. Only foreign names, especially Greek ones, allow -is in the Nominative Plural; e. g. Sardis, Syrtis, Trallis, Alpis. Cf. Neue, Lat. Formenl. 1, 2530-255. Br. 157.
7. In regard to the Accusative Plural, we quote the following rules from the Roman grammarians:
I. Words which have -zm in the Genitive Plural have | their Accusative in -es.
If. Words which have -ém in the Genitive Plural have their Accusative in -es and zs; especially,
(a) Words in -/s which also have their Genitive Singu-
30 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
lar in -zs, frequently form their Accusative Plural in -és ; e. g. navis, finis, omnis, dulcis.
(b) Words in -er which have their Ablative Singular in -z, generally end in -és in the Accusative Plural; e.g. acer, acris; imber, imbris and imbres; celer, celeris oftener than celeres.
(c) Words in -as and -#s have -es and -is; e. g. fonles and fontis, Participles and Adjectives in -7s, inertes and znertis.
(d) Words in -as generally have the Accusative Plural in -es, even when the Genitive ends, or may end, in -zum ; e. g. civitates. .
(e) Words in -x generally have -es; e. g. arces, felices.
Specially noteworthy are: zrdes and urbis; tres and tris ;
flures, complures, and pluris, compluris,
Br. 149-158. Cf. KELLER on “The Accusative in -is of the Third Declension in the Augustan Poets,” in the Aheiz. Muscum, XX1. 241-246. We do not find KELLER’s deli- cate distinctions observed by the prose writers, while in the case of the poets they are deduced chiefly from Horatian Mss. The Vergilian Mss. present deviations from them (RipBECK, Prol. in Verg. pp. 405-413); cf. with regard to Livy, MomMSEN, 7vransact. Berlin Acad. 1868, p. 166,
§ 16. THE FouRTH DECLENSION.
The Dative and Ablative Plural have the ending -zbus; exceptions are: arcubus, artubus, partubus, specubus (sec- ondary form, sfecibus ?), tribubus, verubus, vitubus (second- ary form, vtzbzs).
These forms are to be regarded as regular, although not the only
ones in use. (Br. 112-118.)
GENERAL RULES. 31
§ 17. ADJECTIVES AND NUMERALS.
I. Zhe ending -imus.
From the time of Czesar on, the Superlative was formed in -2mus, though the older form in -wmus did not pass away at once. In imperial times, the latter form was no longer considered the standard one. We therefore write correctly, optimus, maxinius, not optumus, etc.
BR. 107-112, 315, 321.
So the Ordinals, like septimus, decimus, vicesimus, etc., and Adjectives, like fiitimus, legitimus, are not to be written with z in the penult.
Br. 108, 315, 321. See decimus in the alphabetical index.
Il. Mumeral Adverbs.
According to the rule laid down by the old grammarians, Numeral Adverbs, if formed from Cardinals, end in -zes; on the other hand, if they come from the Indefinite Nu- meral Adjectives fof and guot, they end in -zexs. Thus: guinguies, sexies, decies, centies, millies, but totiens, quotiens, mullotiens, etc.
This rule of the old granimarians was not, however, always
followed, and cannot be absolutely binding for modern orthog- raphy. (BR. 268 sg.) Cf. NEUE, Lat. Formend. Il. 171-175.
§ 18. PRONOUNS.
I. Hic, Haec, Hoc.
1. The Nominative Plural Feminine is usually ae; there was likewise, up to the beginning of the Empire, a fuller form haec. Cf. 2 (below).
ceili ast | =
32 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
2. When Azc assumes its full form, with the demonstra- tive -ce, we must write hice, haece, hoce, huiusce, huice, hunce, hance, hoce, hace, (Neuter Plural) haece. So at
least in the texts of the Republic. These are the original,
forms, from which, after the third century B. c., arose by abbreviation the familiar Demonstrative Pronoun, ic, haec, hoc, huic, hunc, hanc. As the -c in this Pronoun is the remnant of the demonstrative -ce, this latter suffix cannot properly be added to it again. But the grammarians of the Empire, taking Az as a primitive, wrote incorrectly, hicce, haecce, hocce.
RITSCHL, Prooemium Indicis Lectionum (Bonn. aest. 1852), p. V. Cf. NEvE, Lat. Formeni. I, 203-209, 211 sg. If the interrogative -ze is suffixed, there arises icine, haecine, hocine ; like illicine (ille-ce-ne), isticine, nuncine (num-ce =
nunc-ne), tuncine, Sicine (si-ce = sic-ne). (RITSCHL, Opuse. .
II, 556.) Cf. NEUE, ]. c. 212,
II. Js, Za, ld; Ldem.
The Plural of the Pronoun /s is declined, 27, corzm, iis, C08, 225.
Br. 323. Cf. 140 sg. The forms e and e/sin the Plural belong to the Republic, and disappear in the early days of the Empire.
The contracted Plural forms ¢dem (= iidem) and isdem
(= 7sdem) were common.
BR. 141, 323. NEuE, Lat. Forment!. 11,198-—202. Cf. Liv. III, 30, 13 31, 2, idem =itidem ; and 57, 8;68, 2;1V, 24, 5; XCI, Pp. 3, a., 2sdem=iisdem (Codd. Veron., Pal.). Often in in- scriptions, zsdem consulibus.
GENERAL RULES. 33
§ 19. VERBAL INFLECTIONS.
I. Zhe Third Person Plural of the Present Tense.
Up to the time of Augustus, the Third Person Plural of the Present Tense, third Conjugation, ended in -ovt, -ontur, after a preceding V. Afterwards, the ending -znt came into fashion, and we therefore write vivant, metuunt, sequuntur, loguuntur. See above, § 4, § 6, IT.
On the other hand, we must write /ocutus, secutus, not loqguutus, sequutus. ‘
BR. 234 59.
Il. Perfects in -vi and their Derivatives,
The Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect in -avz, -ev/, -ovi, aS is known, lose the V in the forms which have an -r, -st, -ss in the ending, and the concurrent vowels are then contracted. Perfects in -zvz, and their derivatives, also lose the V frequently, and this too before all endings, yet without regularly contracting.
The following observations are to be specially noted in regard to the spelling :
(a) The full forms are very commonly used in the First and Third Person Singular, and especially in the First Person Plural of the Perfect Indicative ; thus, -vé, -vit, -ivimus.
(b) The dropping of the V is very common, if the ending has -r ; thus, -ierunt, -ierim, -ieram, -tero.
(c) The two I’s usually contract before s¢ and ss ; thus, -isti(s), ~isse, -issem ; e. g. audisti, audisse, audissem.
Exceptions : 1. In Perfects in -avi, -evi, -ovi, the V is not regularly
34 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
dropped if it belongs to the stem. Yet moveo admits syncope.
2. Often in peto and eo, and regularly in compounds of eo, V is dropped in the First and Third Singular of the Per- fect; thus petii, petiit, together with Activi, petivit; ii, iit, together with zzz, zvit. Compounds of eo regularly drop the V in all endings; e. g. adit, adiit, adiimus, adi- erunt, adieram, adierim, adiero; and contraction frequently occurs before s¢ and ss; e. g. adisti(s), adisse, adissent.
3. -2 and -zt usually occur in destino; desii, desiit, also destimus (contracted into desimus).
Numerous examples, showing in the Mss. a variation in these
forms that can easily be explained, have been collected by ‘NEUE, Lat. Formeni. Il, 510-549.
III. Zhe Future Passive Participle of the Third and Fourth Conjugations.
The Future Passive Participle of these conjugations ends regularly in -exdus. The older form -zsdus nevertheless occurs quite often in imperial times. If a V precedes, we must write -ezdus only; e. g. metuendus, vivendus, seguendus. On the contrary, if an I precedes, -xsdus frequently occurs; e. g. faciundus; this last form also pre- dominates in certain legal formulae ; regularly in repetun- darum,
Br. 106 sg. NEUE presents examples, Lat. Formenl. II,
384 - 388.
§ 20. VERBAL COMPOUNDS.
I. Verbs compounded with Prepositions. -
The grammars of the ancients lay down the rule that the final consonant of a Preposition must be assimilated
GENERAL RULES. 35
to the initial consonant of a Verb, whenever the nature of the colliding consonants allows of it. Before vowels, the Preposition changes only in few instances. The chief changes of the Prepositions are :
1. ab before vowels, before 7=/, and 4, 0, d, /, n, 7, s. abs before c, g, ¢; and : as (with the dropping of 4) before J; e. g. asporto. a before fin afui (see in the index absum), and be- fore m and v. au before f in aufero, aufugio. ab thus does not assimilate, and, in this way, confusion is avoided with the usually assimilated compounds of the Preposition ad. 2. ad before vowels, before 7=/, and /, 0, d, f, m, n, Gy Us ac before c; e. g. accipio; not so well before g. ag and ad before g; e. g. aggero, -are, from agger; adgerere; aggredior and adgredior. a before gu, sp, sc, st; e g. agnosco, aspicio, aspiro, ascendo, asto: ad may besides remain in full in these cases. , ad and al before /. ad, better than az, before 2. ap usually, more rarely ad (f), before /. ad and ar before 7. ad and as before s. at before ¢. d also occurs before ¢; e. g. adtraho, Cic. Verr. II, 2, 1, § 1 (Vat.), and elsewhere.
3. ante becomes aziz in antistare, anticipare. (BR. 180.) 4. circum may drop m before co, ire: circumeo, circueo,
LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
and commonly circuitus, circuitio, together with circumitus, circumitio.
e. g. Liv. IV, 56,5, circuisse (Veron.), circumisse (Med. saec. xi, Par. 5725, Leid. I.). Concerning the old controversy whether m is to be retained, cf. FORCELLINI, s. Vv. Cic. de Re 2, I, 29, 45 (OSANN). OR. (Zuser. Lat. Coll.), 6140.
. com before 4, m, Z. con before c, d, f, g (on gu see below), 7=/, 1, 9, 5, 1, v. con and col before 7; the latter usually in collegium. cor before 7. co before vowels and % (except comedo, comes, comi- tor, comitium, comitiare). ‘The initial vowel of the Verb may disappear owing to contraction; e€. g. cago (co-ago). co before gv, and, after loss of g, before simple in conecto, coniveo, conitor, conubium. On dis, di, and de, see derigo, dinosco, discribo, and dissigno in the alphabetical index.
6. ex before vowels and 4, ¢, A, g, 5, ¢.
Except efotus, epotare. Cf. NEUE, Lat. Formenl. Il, 766 sq.
e before 4, d, g, 7=/7, 1, m, 2, 7, v.
ef before /; e. g. efferre.
In Republican times (Cicero and Sallust), and, according to Mss., even in writers of the first century after Christ, there is also a weaker secondary form of ex, caused by the loss of the sibilant, viz.: ec; e. g. ecfero, ecfatus. Modern Latinists affect this form, but in any case ecfcere, instead of the usual eficere, is to be avoided. Cf. NEuE, Lat. Forment/. I, 767 sg:
7. in before vowels, and 4, ¢, d, re g (except gz), 7=/7, 1, J, 5,1, %.
GENERAL RULES. 37
iz and, more rarely, 7/ before /.
in and zr before 7.
im and iz before m, 4, p.
im is regular, but 2 occurs in reality very frequently. Especially must we write imperator, not izfera- tor, and imperium and imperare are preferable.
z before gz.
8. ob before vowels, before = 7, and 4, 4, d, 1, 2, 7, 5, ¢, v. Op, contrary to the theory of the grammarians (above, § 7, I,2), is frequently written before s and t. In obsolesco, the form of the Preposition ods occurs.
ob and sometimes om before mz.
oc before c.
of before f-
og before g.
op before f.
Contrary to the prevailing rule, 0d also occurs before Z: e. g.
obprobo. In omitto, operio, ostendo (= obs-tendo), b is lost.
g. per remains regularly unchanged; only before 7 may ry pass over into /; e. g. pellego = perlego, pellicio = perlicio; r may also fall out in derivatives of zzzs and zwrare. See peiurus and peiero in the alpha- betical index.
10. sub before vowels, 2, i=/, 4, d, 1, 1, s, t, v.
suc before c.
suf before f.
sug before g.
sum and sub before m. sup before f.
subp ..., irregularly, occurs sometimes; e. g. sudpono. © 7 / a)
38 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
sur and sub before 7. sus (from subs) in suscipio, suscito, suspendo, sustineo, sustento, (sustollo) sustuli, su in suspicere, suspiro. II. trans before vowels, and 4, c, f, g, A, 7, Z, v. tran, usually before s, and always before sc. trans, and frequently tra, before 7=2 and /, d, J, Mm, N. Br. 294-303. With regard to Livy especially, cf. MoMMSEN, Transact. Berlin Acad. 1868, p. 170 sg.
II. Compounds of iacio with Prepositions of one Syllable.
Compounds of zacio with Prepositions of one syllable should, after the change of a into z, be written with double z; e. g. abiicio. The theory of the Latin grammarians so required, but the forms with a single z largely predomi- nated in actual usage.
We, therefore, are safest in writing :
abicio, adicio, inicio, obicio, subicio.
If the Preposition ends in a vowel, 72 may be written, and thus the detrition of the sound 77 indicated; e. g. coticio, deticio. But even after a vowel, a single z is safer and better.
We write thus:
coicio, deicio, eicio, proicio, reicio, traicio.
Br. 198-202. NEvE, Lat. Formenl. Il, 734, 753 s¢., 766, and,
in addition, Liv. (Cod. Veron.) II, 44,6; 51,12; IV, 12, 10; 13,125 21, #34042,
-ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX,
ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED.
A. a, ab, abs, Preposition.
ab stands before vowels and h; agenerally before con- sonants. Before the consonants b, f, p, and v, a is usual, while ab is not rare before the remaining consonants, and especially frequent before 1, n, r, s, and consonantal i (=j): e. g. ab Iove and a Tove.
abs, better than afs, can only be written before 7, al- though even in this case a ¢ is usual.
Examples in NEvE, Lat. Formenl. Il, 737-747. The Cod. Veronensis now gives us more certain information as to Livy, who is fond of using ad before consonants ; e. g. ab iunioribus, III, 65, 7: ab legatis and a libidine, ib. 26,93 44, 1: ab suis and a se, 7b. 43, 6; 35, 2: e¢ a Sronte et ab tergo, IV, 33, 10: ab Verginio, ib, 21,9: al.
aps, it is true, is warranted phonetically, and occurs ; but it is not in accordance with the regular and generally received orthography; e. g. aps te, Cod. Vat. Cic. Ver- rin. II, 1, 43, § 111; ads te, Cic. pro Rab. 11, 30. See above, § 7, I. On the occurrence of ads elsewhere, see NEUE, l. c.
40 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
a and ah, Interjection.
Both forms are authenticated. Cf. NEUE, Zat. For- menl, II, 812 sg. E. g. Hor. Carm. I, 27, 18; II, 17, 5 (KELLER). Terent. Andr. III, 3, 11; Adelp. I, 2. 47 (UMPFENBACH).
abcido, v. abscido. Abella, not Avella. Br. 238. OR. 7167, al. Verg. Aen. VII, 740 (SER- VIUS). abeo, abii, etc. See above, § 19, II. abfore, abfui, vw. absum. ‘ abicio, abieci, abicere, better than abiicio. (See above, § 20, II.) abs, va, ab. abscido (abs-caedo), not abcido.
E. g. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 303 (HOLDER). Cf. RIBBECK, Prol, in Verg. p. 444. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 10, 4. Corp. Ins. Gr. 1711, B, 12 (BR. 333).
abscisio, not abcisio.
Cornif. ad Herenn. IV, 53, 54, § 67, gives the correct form twice, but with the various reading, abscissio (abc-, KAYSER. Cf. his Corrigenda).
absens, v.absum. absum, afui, afuturus, afore, not abfui, etc.
E. g. Liv. IV, 12, 7; 58,2; V, 4,14, Cod. Veron. Cic.. Epist. ad Fam. Cod. Med. (ed. Tur. 2, III, p. 220, 29). OSANN (p. 243) on Cic. de Re p. II, 43. Fi. 7. NEvE, Lat. Formeni, Il, 742.
absens, not apsens. See above, §7, I. Cf. BR. 333- Mat, Auct. Class. Il, p. sii Vat. Cic. Verr.
IT, 2, 23, § 55).
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 41
absumo, absumpsi, absumptum, w sumo. E. g. Liv. IV, 26,5; V, 43,4; VI, 2, 12. ac before consonants, except h; atque before vowels and consonants. ; ac (ad), before -c in compounds. See above, § 20, I, 2. Acca Larentia,v. Larentia. acipenser, the name of a fish, not accipenser, nor aquipenser. Hor. Serm. II, 2, 47 (HOLDER). aclys, aclydis, notaclis. Verg. Aen. VII, 730. RiB- BECK (Prol. in Verg. p. 452: acludes, P, y' “‘ nescio an recte’’). actuarius, not actarius. Br. 129. ad incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 2. additicius, not -tius. See above, § 6, I. adedo, adesum, better thanadessum. Verg. Aen. IX, 537 (RIBBECK). adeo, adii, etc. See above, § 19, II. adgnosco, v. agnosco. adicio, better thanadiicio. See above, § 20, II. adolescens, v. adulescens. Adria, v. Hadria. Adrumetum, v. Hadrumetum. adsiduus, v. assiduus. adsimulo, not adsimilo. Verg. Aen. X, 639; XII, 224 (RipBEcK). Cf. For- CELLINI, sub v. advecticius, not -tius. See above, § 6, I. adversus, adversum, not the older form advorsus. Like versus. Cf. Verg. Aen. IX, 443 (RIBBECK). Cic. de Re p. (ed. OSANN, p. 442). RITSCHL, Ouse. II, 262.
42 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY,
adulescens, as a Substantive (‘a youth”); not ado- lescens.
Br. 82. Cic. de Re p. I, 8,13; 15,23 (OSANN, p. 58). MAI, Azct. Class. II, p. 389. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 12, Bs os G2, 0. CL ELLENDT on Cjc. de Or. I, 2, § 5 al.
maaisesens, as a Participle of adolesco.
adulescentia, adulescentulus, like adulescens.
aedes, aedis. Nom. Sing. aedis, more rarely aedes; Ac- cus. aedem ; Abl. aede ; Nom. Plur. aedes ; Gen. aedium; Accus, aedes and aedis.
Charisius prescribes: ‘‘ hae aedes = domus ; sed aedis si dixeris, templum significas ” (BR. 147 sg.).
The Nominative Sing. aedis is authenticated by a Cae- sarian inscription (BR.147); by the Fastz Praen. Ian. 27; Mart. 2, 19, April. 10, 28; by the Fast, Antiat. Aug. 18 (to which GARATONI, CORSSEN, and others refer) ; and moreover in the 4th century by OR.-HENZ. 5580. Ms. examples are to be seen in NEUE, Formeni. I, 179 sg. Cf. Cic. in Verr. II, 4,55 (§ 122 ZuMPT ; JORDAN). The Cod. Veron. Livii has aedis once (IV, 25, 3), but aedes twice (III, 63, 7; V, 31, 3).
Accus. Plur.: aedisque poplicas, Corp. Zuscr. Lat. I, 551 (2d cent. B. c.), and also in a Swiss inscription (4th cent. A. D.), MOMMSEN, /uscr. Helv. 10. Vergilian Mss. favor aedes (RIBBECK, /udex, pp. 407, 412).
aedilicius, not -tius. See above, § 6, 1. aedituus, not the older form aeditumus, nor aedi- timus.
ZUMPT on Cic, in Verr. II, 4, 44, § 96. Gellius, XII, to.
Aedui, not Haedui.
Notitia prov. et civ. Galliae (Rhein. Mus. XXul, 278),
Caesar, al.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 43
Haedui is given in /uscrift. Helv. 192 (MOMMSEN), but Aed-, OR. 5966, al. aedus, v haedus. Aefula, not Aesula. Hermes, I, 426. Aegaeus,a,um. Alyaios.
So handed down in good Mss., along with aegeus, which is wrong. Cf, Hor. Carm. II, 16, 2; III, 29, 63; Epist. I, 11, 16. (KELLER-HOLDER.)
But on the other hand,
Aegeae and Aegiae, names of towns.
Atyetac: “ Philippus Aegiis occisus est.” Nepos de Reg. 2, 1. So FLECKEISEN, Philol. lV, 334. Aegeae, Justin. VII, 1, 10.
To be distinguished from these is the form Aiyéa:, the name of a town in Cilicia. Aegéas, Tac. Ann. XIII, 8 (egeas, Codex). In regard to these different names, cf. HENR. STEPHANI Zyhes. sub. v. Alyal, Atyeca.
4énéus, Aénus, more frequently than the forms ahe- neus, ahenus.
Both forms, with and without the h, are authenticated in Verg. Aen. II, 470, and Geor. I, 296. Cf. too the ob- servation of Gellius, II, 3. Yet the Vergilian Mss. have, according to RIBBECK (/udex, p. 423), aénus, “constanter exceptis Aen. I, 449 (dZed. 2), et IV, 513 (Pierian.).” Ms. tradition of Horace also favors both aeneus and aenus: vid. KELLER-HoOLDER on Carm. I, 33, 11; 35, 19; ILI, 3, 65; 9, 18; 16, 1; Serm. II, 3, 183; Epist. I, 1, 60; II, 1,248. (So the Vossian Ms. of Ausonius; Ausonii Ep. 25, 23.)
“The tablet of copper [on which were inscribed the imperial
44 : LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
decrees in regard to the rights of citizenship and of marriage granted to soldiers *] is invariably called in our records, up to the year 134, tabula aenea [never ahenea].”” — MomMMSEN, Hermes, I, 467..
ahenam, Corp. Juscr. Lat. I, 196, 26 (186 B. c.): aheneis, Augustus, in A/onum. Ancyr. I, 3: ahene(as), OR. 5129 (A. D. 56), al. (FL. 7.) Cf. aeneatores, Corp. Luscr. Rh, 1783.
Aenobarbus, v. Ahenobarbus. Aequiculi and Aequicoli.
Verg. Aen. VII, 747, gives Aequicula gens. Cor, Lns. Lat. I, p. 564, Elog. 35, gives aequeicolus, Cf. Liv. 1) 92,53 XX, £3, Zz. ;
Aequimaelium, not Aequimelium.
Aequimelium, it is true, is given in the Mss., but that proves nothing, for they give Melius also repeatedly in place of the correct Maelius (so Cod. Veron. Liv. IV, 13, 1, Melius ; but, IV, 13, 8, Maelius ; cf. IV, 14, 1, 3. Quin- til. V, 11, 12; 13, 24). The fact that Varro, Cicero, and Livy employ Aequimaelium in connection with the de- struction of the house of Maelius, supports this form of the word. Cf. DRAK. on Livy, IV, 16, 1. CHRIST on Cic. de Divin. II, 17, 39 (ed. Tur. 2, IV, p. 534, 1). BECKER, dm. Alt. I, 486.
aequiperare, not aequiparare.
Nepos, Them. 6, 1; Alc. 11,3 (HALM). Cic. Tusc. V, 17, 49. Verg. Ecl. 5, 48 (RIBBECK). FORCELLINI observes that there is abundant good Mss. tradition in favor of aequipero. aequus, not aecus nor aequos. See above, § 6,
at. @ f4, 2. - * See Corp. Inscr. Lat. Vol. III. pp. 843-919 (ed. MomMseEn, 1873). — Tr.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 45
aerumna, not erumna. erumna belongs to the rude speech of the people (BR. 205). . aesculetum, not esculetum. Hor. Carm. I, 22, 14 (KELLER). aesculeus, not esculeus. Ov. Met. I. 449. v. aesculus. Cf. aesculnieis, Corp. us. Lat. 1, 577, 2, 9. aesculus, not esculus. Hor. Carm. III, 10, 17 (KELLER). Verg. Geor. II, 291 (RIBBECK). Aesernia, not Esernia. Cic. ad Att. VIII, 11, D. 2. Oldcoins have Aisernino. Corp. Lns. Lat. I, 20. Aesopéus [in the time of the Empire, Aesopius, Aicdreos]. Quintil. V, 11,20: alcwmetovs ; aesopius, Cod. Ambros. Aesopius, Phaedr. IV, Prol., 11 (MULLER). Aesquiliae, vu. Esquiliae. aestimatio, v. aestimo. aestimo, not the older form aestumo. aestumo is used in the /ex refet. (B. C. 123/2), Corp. Ins, Lat. I, 198. aestimo, Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 54, 6: cf. III, 63, 9. The same holds relatively in the case of aestimatio, aestumatio, and other derivatives. Both w and 7 are found in Ciceronian Mss. Cf. Cic. de Re p. II, 35, 60 (OSANN, p. 436). Aesula, v. Aefula. aethérius (aifép.os), not aethereus. Hor. Carm. I, 3, 29 (KELLER). Verg. Aen. V, 518, 838; Culex, 102 (RIBBECK).
46 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Aetna, in prose, not Aetne. The Greek form Aetne (Airvy) occurs in good Mss. of Ovid. E. g. Met. II, 220; XV, 340 (“ut alibi saepe,” N. HEINSIUs). aevum, not aevom. See above, § 4, § 14,1 afore, afui, afuturus, v. absum. agnosco and adgnosco. adg. Hor. Epist. I, 16, 29 (KELLER). Cf. OSANN (p. 297) on Cic. de Re p. III, 35, 47. See above, § 20, 1,2. ah, vw. a. aheneus, ahenus, v. aeneus. Ahenobarbus is the form of the Republic and earlier Empire; later, Aenobarbus. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, §71, 1344. HENZEN, Scavi, p. 4 699: Quintil. VI, 1, 50. Suet., Nero, I
Alaesa, Alaesus, v. Halaesa.
Alamanni, not Alemanni.
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 403, October 5, 10. Script. Hist. Aug. and Ammian. hein. AZus, 1X, 304.
aleum,v. alium.
Alexandrea is the form of Cicero’s time ; Alexandria is also correct, and probably dates from the time of the Empire.
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 474. Fast. Venus. an. 724, p- 741. Hor. Carm. IV, 14, 35 (KELLER). Cic. de Fin. V, 19, 54 (Mapvic). Cic. ad Fam. VII, 17, 1, al.. Cf OSANN (p. 467) on Cic. de Re publica. Cf. above, § 5, 2.
Alia, wv. Allia.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 47
alica, not halica. : - halica is ante-classical. halicarius is given by Lucilius, XV (Br. 284). Alicarnasus, wv Halicarnasus,. alimentum, not alumentum. Br. 119. Cf. Cic. de Re p. I, 4,8. Sall. Frag. Vat. Ib, 4 (Zermes, V, 402). alioqui is more correct than alioquin. Br. 271. RIBBECK, fartikel, 20. aliquotiens, better than aliquoties. Like quotiens. See above, § 17, II. alium, better than allium (“garlic”), notaleum.
Br. 136, 137. Hor. Epod. 3, 3 (KELLER). Cf. Plau- tus, Most. 48 (RITSCHL). Corp. Jus. Lat. 1V, 2070.
aliunde and alicunde.
OSANN (p. 410) on Cic. de Re p. VI, 25, 27, where he erroneously accepts a difference between the words in respect to derivation.
allec, not alec, nor halec. Hor. Serm. II, 4, 73 ; 8, 9 (HOLDER). Allia, Alliensis, not Alia, Aliensis. .-
Fast. Antiat. and Amit. Jul. 18. Cf. Verg. Aen. VII, 717 (RIBBECK). Alia, Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 39, 6, 8; 53, 53; but Alliensem, 2d, VI, 1, 11.
Allifae, Allifanus, not Alifae, Alifanus.
Hor. Serm. II, 8, 39 (HOLDER). Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p- 299.
alucinari and allucinari, better than the éides form halucinari.
alucinatus, Cic. de Deor. Nat. I, 27, 72 (ed. Tur. 2, p- 388, 5. Codd. Voss.86., Pal. 1519).
allucinari, Cic. Ep. ad Q. fratrem, II, 9, 1. Cod. M.
48 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
(where halucinari is given in the margin, according to BAITER, ed. Lips. p. lxxi). The pronunciation with- out the / is vouched for by GELLIus (II, 3) as obtaining in his day, and the same author states that CLOATIUS VeERus derived the word from a\vew (XVI, 12). + alvarium (“ beehive”), not alvearium. Verg. Geor. IV, 34 (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 388). ambedo, ambedi, ambesum, better than ambés- sum. Verg. Aen. V, 752 (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 444). The latter form also is right, but not the standard one.
+
amentum and ammentum. Cic. de Or. I, 57, § 242 (ELLENDT). ammentum, Caes. Bell. Gall. V, 48, 5, Cod. A. Verg. Aen. 1X, 665 (RIBBECK). amfractus, v. anfractus. Ammon,v. Hammon. amoenus, not amenus. Hor. Carm. I, 17, 1 (KELLER), ass. This form is also supported by the occurrence of the cognomen Amoenus in inscriptions. Ampsanctus, not Amsanctus. Cic. de Divin. I, 36, 79 (CHRIST). Verg. Aen. VII. 565 (RIBBECK). anas, anatis, not anes, nor anetis. But in derivatives, anaticula, aneticula; anatinus, anetinus. Br. 74,75. Cf.e. g. anaticula, Cic. de Fin. V, 15, 42, where aneticula is given in Codd. Voss. 86, Erlang. 847. LACHMANN, 7% Lucr. p. 16.
ancora, not anchora.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 49
MARIUS VICTORINUS favors ancora (BR. 288). An- chora, according to SERVIUS, is found in Verg. Aen. I, 169; VI, 4.
anellus, not annellus. Hor. Serm. II, 7, 9 (HOLDER).
anfractus, not amfractus. _ Br. 264. Priscian, I, 38 (= I, p. 29, 18, HERTZ). animadverto, not animadvorto.
Cf. verto. The expression animum advorto is ante- classical (BR. 102). The later form is found even in Mss. of Terence (And. I, 1, 129; IV, 4, 28). Cf. Rin- BECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 388.
antemna and antenna.
Verg. Aen. III, 549 (RrBBEcK). Hor. Carm. I, 14, 6
(KELLER). Cf. RITSCHL, Ofzsc. II, 552, 773. Antiochea and Antiochia.
Cic. ad Fam. II, 10, 2, where Antiochea is the reading of the Cod. Med. Cf. OSANN (p. 467 sg.) on Cic. de Re publica. Like Alexandrea.
antiquus, “old”; anticus, “ that is in front.” See above, § 6, II; § 14, 1 antistare (‘to stand ahead of, to excel”), not ante- stare.
Br. 180. Cic. de Re p. I, 18, 28 (cf. OSANN, P. 279).
RITSCcHL, Ofusc. II, 559. anulus, not annulus.
Hor. Serm. II, 7, 53 (HOLDER). Cic. de Or. III, 32,
§ 127 (ELLENDT). anularius, Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 1107. Anxur, Anxurus, not Axur.
50 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Hor. Serm. I, 5, 26 (HOLDER). Verg. Aen. VII, 799 (RIBBECK). Apenninus, v Appenninus. apes and apis in the Nom. Sing. Priscian found apis in Ovid, Met. x111, 928, but the old grammarians approve apes as the usual form (Br. 148). Appenninus, better than Apenninus. Appenn- is the reading of the Cod. Veronensis Livii, V, 33, 6 Verg. Aen. XI, 700; XII, 703 (RIBBECK). Hor. Epod. 16, 29 (KELLER). apud stands as the regular form, beside aput, which also occurs frequently. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 11, § 48. See above, § 8, 3. Apuleius and Appuleius. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 573, al. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 25, § 107. Apulia, Apulus, better than Appulia, Appulus. Hor. Carm. I, 33, 7, al.; Serm. I, 5,77; II, 1, 34, 38 (KELLER-HOLDER, I, p. 238). Sall. Cat. 27, 1, al. Cor. Ins. Lat. I, p. 299, 13 Pp. 573. aput, ve. apud. aquosus, not aquonsus. Br. 267, 268, following MARIUS VICTORINUS. See above, § 9, III. arbor, not arbos. Br. 277, following QUINTILIAN. See above, § 15, 2. arca, not archa. Hor. Serm. I, 1,67; 8,9; II, 3,119; 7,59 (HOLDER). arcesso and accerso. Cic. de Or. II, 27, § 117 (ELLENDT). accerso, Sall.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 51
Tug. 62, 4; 109, 4. accerso and arcesso, Cat. 40, 6; 52, 24; 60, 4, al., together with the collateral forms follow- ing the fourth conjugation. Cf. DreTscH, Sall. II, p. 145. Nepos, Att. 21, 4 (HALM). RIBBECK,Wrol. in Verg. p. 388. Hor. Epist. II, 1, 228 (cf. 7. II, 1, 168, and Epist. I, 5, 6; Serm. II, 3, 261. KeLLER-HOLDER). Cf. Fahro. fiir Phil, vol. 89, p. 834, and NEUE, Lat. For- ment. 11, 416, in regard to the collateral forms which fol- low the fourth conjugation.
The form accerso is not suitable in modern Latin- ity for simple, prosaic speech. arctus, v. artus. arena, v. harena. Areopagita and Ariopagita (’Apeorayirns).
Quintil. V, 9, 13 (p. 230, 15, HaLM). Cic. de Off. I, 22, 75 (p- 661, 4, BAITER), al.
Areus pagus and Arius pagus ("Ape.os mdyos), better than Areopagus, Ariopagus.
Cic. de Div. I, 25, 54, where CuristT (p. 499, 6) writes Ariopagum ; and other passages which NIPPERDEY cites on Tac. Ann. II, 55. Cf. OSANN (p. 92 and p. 467) on Cic. de Re p. I, 27, 43. See above, § 5, 2.
ariolari, ariolus, v. hariolari, hariolus. Arretium, Arretinus, not Aretium.
Sall. Cat. 36, 1. Caesar, Bell. Civ. I, 11, and else-
where. FORCELLINI, s. v. Avetium. Arruns, not Aruns.
Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 33, 3, 4. Verg. Aen. XI, 759
(RIBBECK). artare, not arctare, from artus. artus, not arctus (‘narrow’’).
. §2 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 34, 6, and elsewhere good Mss. Cf. KELLER on Hor. Carm. I, 38, 7.
arundo, v. harundo.
aruspex, arespex, v. haruspex. as- in compounds (= abs-, and ad-s). See above, § 20, I, 1, 2. assiduus and adsiduus, not asseduus. Br. 145, 296 sgqg., 305. adsiduus in Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 25, 1; 55, 33 V, 50,8; VI, 1, 5. Cf. OSANN (p. 201) on Cic. de Re p. II, 22, 4o. at in compounds (ad-t). See above, § 20, I, 2. atque, uw ac.
atqui, more correct than atquin. Br. 271. RIBBECK, Partikel, 20. NEUE, Lat. For- meni, II, 802. attrecto and attracto. R1IBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 387 (Aen. II, 719). Cf. Priscian, VIII, 85 (= I, p. 438, HERTZ). auctor, not autor, and auctoritas, not autoritas. Br. 215. aucupium, not aucipium. BR. 120 sgq. audacter, not audaciter. Quintil. I, 6, 17, BR. 202, 299. audeo, ausus, the usual form for aussus, which lat- ter form also occurs in the time of Cicero and Augustus. Br. 275. Cf. casus, causa. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. Pp. 444.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 53
Avellia, wv Abella. avello, avulsus, not avolsus. Cic. and Hor.: avolsus [De Re p.I, I, 1 (OSANN, p. 6). Serm. I, 1, 58 (HoLDER)]. See above, § 4. aveo, v. haveo. Augeas (Av’yelas), better than Augias. Adjective, Augéus.
Augeas in Seneca, Apocol. 7 [p. 52, 81 (ed. Berol. p. 223), BUCHELER]. Plin. XVII, 6, § 50 (SILLIG). Cod. Voss. Ausonii, Id. 19, 7. See above, § 5, 2.
aurifex, not aurufex. BR. 122. autumnus, not auctumnus.
Fi. 8. Fragm. Vat. Sall. Hist. I, a. 8, in Hermes, V, 402. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 6, 2. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 389. Hor. Carm. II, 5, 11, al. (KELLER, vol. I, p. 240).
avunculus, not avonculus.
See above, § 4. avonculus, Corp. Jus. Lat. IT, goo,
3282, 11. Cf: Cic. de, Re pil, 19,31. .
baca, better than bacca.
Verg. Ecl. X, 27, al. (RiBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 391). Hor. Carm. II, 6, 16; Epod. 8, 14; Epist. I, 16, 2; Serm. II, 3, 241; 4, 69 (KELLER-HOLDER). Cic. de Leg. I, 8, 25 (VAHLEN, p. 22, 9). Priscian wrote bacca, II, 6 (=I, p. 47, 5, HERTZ).
baccar (baccaris), better than bacchar. Verg. Ecl. IV, 19; VII, 27 (RIBBECK).
54 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
balbutio, not balbuttio. Hor. Serm. I, 3, 48 (HOLDER).
Baliares, Baliaricus (Bancapels), better than Ba‘- leares, Balearicus. ‘Act. Triumph. 633 (= Corp. dns. Lat. 1, p. 460). OR. 732. On the other hand, zd, 168 (CoRSSEN, Ausfr. IP, 46). : “In Cod. Put. Livii id nomen saepius littera 7 quam e scriptum reperitur.” — ALSCHEFSKI on Liv. XXI, 21 (III, p. 38). Cf. Verg. Geor. I, 309, and Sall. Iug, 105, 2, where Balear- is the reading. balineum, v. balneum. ballista, better than balista.
ballista, Cod. Ambros. Plauti Trin. 668 (RITSCHL) ; balista, 7b., Codd. Pal.,Vat. ‘ballistae (sed altera/ ex- puncta),” Cod. Reg. (Paris. 6332, saec. 1X). Cic. Tuse. II, 24, 57 (p. 270, 23, BAITER).
balneum has an authorized collateral form, balineum; so balneae, balineae.
Br. 202. Cf. Plaut. Merc. 126 (RITSCHL). Placidi Gloss. (p. 438, MA1). baliniis, Fast. Praen. Apr.1. °Cf. RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, p. 523.
balteus, balteum, not baltius, baltium.
Br. 136, 137. E. g. Quintil. IX, 3, 9 (HALM).
barritus, not baritus nor barditus.
KELLER, Venue Jahrb. fiir Phil. 1871, p. 560 sg.
basilica, not bassilica.
Br. 276. bassilica is plebeian: Corp. Jus. Lat. IV, 1779.
basis, not bassis. BR. 276; like basilica.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 55
‘batillum wz vatillum. battuo (‘to strike”), not batuo.
Thus, Cod. Med. Cic. Ep. Fam. IX, 22, 4.
belua, not bellua.
Hor. Carm. I, 12, 23, al.; beluosus, 2d. IV, 14, 47; Serm. II, 3, 316; 7, 70; Epist. I, 1, 76 (KELLER, HoLpErR). Verg. Aen. VI, 287 (RIBBECK, al.). E. g. Plaut. Trin. 952 (RITSCHL). Sall. Cat. 1, 2 (D1ETscH). Cic. de Re p. I, 18, 30; II, 26, 48. Cf OsANN, p. 73, and MAI on Cic. pro Mil. (Auct. Class. II, pp. 114, 388).
benedicere and bene dicere.
benefacere and bene facere.
beneficium, better than benificium. beneficus, better than benificus. benevolentia, better than benivolentia. benevolus, better than benivolus. ;
Both forms are authenticated. In Republican times the change den7- arose, and was retained under the Em- pire. On the other hand, the spelling dee- predomi- nates in the text-books from the first century of the Em- pire as being the regular form. Br. 179. Jndices to Corp. Ins. Lat. The standard forms denevolus, etc. are favored by ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 17, § 72; OsSANN (p. 322) on Cic. de Re p. IV, 8, 8. Cf. RirscHL, Ofusc. II, 561 sg.
bibliotheca and bybliotheca (fiNos, BYBXos).
K. KEIL, Rhein. Mus. XVII, 269 sg. OR. 6306 sg. Cf. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, pp. 327, 610. E. g. Cic. Ep.ad Fam. VII, 23, 2, Cod. Med., which gives bybliotheca.
bipartitus and bipertitus.
Like tripartitus. Cf. depeciscor.
56 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
bipennis, not bipinnis, in all significations of the word. Br. 142, 143. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 391. Hor. Carm. IV, 4, 57 (KELLER). Bonifatius is the genuine form, as the old Christian in- scriptions teach. Bonifacius is medieval. bos, Gen. Plur. boum, Dat. bubus, more frequently than bobus. For examples, see NEUE, Lat. Formenl. 1, 287, 296. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 448.
Bosphorus is the usual form in Latin Mss., instead of the Greek Béoropos.
FLECKEISEN, Fahro. fiir Phil. vol. 99, p. 656 sgg. 3 vol. IOI, p. 458.
braca, not bracca.
Propert. IV, 4, 17; V, 10, 43 (L. MULLER). The c was alSo aspirated : dvacha (BR. 291).
bracchium, not brachium.
-cch-is better attested by Mss. than -ch-. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 391. Hor. Carm. I, 8, 11, al. ;Serm. I, 2, 92; 9, 64 (KELLER [vol. 1, p. 241], HOLDER), Cf. GRUTER, 266, 4. brachium is given by Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 9, 14.
bractea, wv. brattea. brattea, not brattia nor bractea.
Verg. Aen, VI, 209 (RIBBECK). BR. 133. Britannia, Britannicus, Britannus, not Brittann-.
Brittann-, it is true, occurs in inscriptions. But a sin- gle ¢ is the general usage, and is to be preferred, since in Horace the first syllable is short.
Brittii and Bruttii.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 57
MOMMSEN, Unterital. Dialect. 252 sg. (FLECK.-8). Jn- dices Geogr. of the collection of Inscriptions. Britto, not Brito. Tides to Corp. Ins. Rh. Brundisium, not Brundusium. Hor. Serm. I, 5, 104; Epist. I, 17, 52 ; 18, 20(KELLER, HOLDER) ; so the inscriptions. Bruttii, wu Brittii. bucca, not buccha. Hor. Serm. I, 1, 21 (HOLDER). bucina, bucinator, not buccina, buccinator. FLECKEISEN, 8. So Mss. of Caesar, Cicero, Curtius, Tacitus, Vergil (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 391), and Ovid. Cf. Fragm. Vat. Sall. Hist. (Hermes, V, 402), I b, 11. bucula and bocula (dimin. of bos). RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 391. bybliotheca, wv. bibliotheca.
Cc.
C.is an abbreviation for Gaius. This abbreviation dated from the time when as yet the Latin alphabet had noG. The full name should be written Gaius, not Caius. BR. 213.
caecus, not coecus.
Good Mss. have, besides caecus, the weakened form cecus, but not coecus. Cf. caelebs, caenum. E. g. Cic. de Re p. II, 3, 5. Hor. Carm. I, 18, 14, al. (KELLER).
caedes. See above, § 15, 3 caelebs, not coelebs.
58 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Br. 242 sgg. We find in Mss. cael- and cel-. Cf. caecus, caenum. Hor. Carm.II, 15, 4; III, 8,1; Serm. II, 5,47; Epist. I, 1, 88 (KELLER, HOLDER).
caeles, itis,
caelestis,
Caelicola, caelifer,
Caelius mons, Caelimontanus,
caelum, not coeles, etc, Coelius,coelum.
This spelling is better authenticated both by inscrip- tions (Fast. Amit. Sept. 17; Hermes, I, 152, al.), and by Mss.: Cic. de Re p. I, 10, 15; 13, 19, 20, al. De Or. II, 29, § 128 (ELLENDT). Cod. Veron. Livii III, 7, 8; 65,2; V, 51,7; 52,11. Vergil (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 393). Horace (KELLER, HOLDER, I, p. 241; II, p. 388). In regard to the name of the Caelius mons, cf. Tac. Ann. IV, 65 (NIPPERDEY).
caementicius and caementum, not cementum.
Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, p. 574.
caenum, not coenum (“filth”).
Cod. Ambros, Plauti Pers. 407 (RITSCHL). Mss. give - caen- and cen-. Cf. caecus, caelebs. Hor. Serm. II, 7, 27 (HOLDER). RIBBECK, Prol. zn Verg. p. 393.
caepe (caepa), not cepe. Hor. Epist. I, 12, 21 (KELLER). caerimonia and caeremonia, not cerimonia.
caerim-, Cic. de Re p. II, 14, 26. caerem-, BR. 330. On cerimonia as given in Mss. [Tac. Ann. IV, 55 (p. 279, 1, NIPPERDEY)], cf. caecus, caelebs, caenum.
Caeres, Caeritis, and Caeretanus.
Br. 321 sg. Cod. Veronensis Livii, V, 30, 3.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX, 59
caesaries, not cesaries. Br. 205. Cf. KELLER on Hor. Carm. I, 15, 14. caespes, not cespes. RIBBECK, Prol. ix Verg. p. 393. Hor. Carm. I, 19, 13; II, 15, 17; III, 8, 4 (KELLER). caestus (“‘ boxing-gloves”’), not cestus. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 393. BR. 205.
caetra, caetratus, better than cetra, cetratus.
Mss. give caet- and cet-: e. g. Verg. Aen. VII, 732. Liv. ed. ALSCHEFSKI, III, pp. 88, 751. RIBBECK, Pro/. in Verg. p. 393-
Calendae, v. Kalendae.
camara, vw. camera.
Camarina, v..Camerina.
Camena, not Camoena.
Hor. ed. KELLER-Hoper, I, p. 241; II, p. 389. Other proofs are to be found in BECKER’S Rém. Alterth. I, 513 - 515.
camera, not camara.
Hor. Serm. II, 3, 273, BR. 72, 75.
Camerina, same as Kayapiva in Sicily.
Verg. Aen. III, 7or (RIBBECK).
candela, not candella.
Br. 259.
Canopus, Canopeus, Canopius, Canopita. (KdvwBos). : “Cicero Canopitarum exercitum dicit, ipsi Canobon
vocant.” — Quint. I, 5, 13. Verg. Geor. IV, 287. Catull. 66, 58. See above, § 5, 2.
Carthago and Karthago. See under Karthago.
60 ° LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Br. 209 sgg. On the ¢h, BR. 287 sgg. Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, p. 575. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 18, § 75. OSANN (pp. 430-433) on Cic. de Re p.
Casus is preferable to the form cassus,
cassus occurs in the time of Cicero and of the first Emperors (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 444), but casus is the standard form of the Empire (Br. 273 sg.). See above, § Io.
Catina, same as Kardyn.
E. g. Cic. Verr. II, 2, 49, § 120; 75, § 185, and often.
ig a Caucaseus and Caucasius.
Both forms have Ms. authority: e. g. Verg. Ecl. VI, 42; Geor. II, 440. Cf. RiBBEcK, Prol. zu Vere. 417 Sq.
cauda, not coda.
coda is plebeian (Br. 206).
cavea, not cavia.
BR. 117, 133-
caupo, better than copo.
copo belongs to the plebeian pronunciation: analo-
gous are caupona and copa. caurus, not corus. Verg. Geor. III, 356; RIBBECK, Prol.in Verg. p. 436.
causa is preferable to the form caussa.
Br. 274, 333. caussa is to be regarded in the same way as cassus. Cf. OSANN (p. 20) on Cic. de Re p. I, 3, 6. causa is the spelling in the Cod. Vaz. Verrin. and in Cod. Veron. Livii. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 445. See above, § Io.
cautes. See above, § 15, 3.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 61
cautela, not cautella.
Br. 260.
cédrus (xé5pos), not caedrus.
Hor. Ars, 332. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. pp. 393,
* 385. Wrong in Placidi Gloss. p. 441 (MAI).
cena, not coena.
Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, 1199. Fasti Praen. Apr. 4, and of- ten in inscriptions. Good Mss. emphatically favor cena. FL. 10. Rhein. Mus. XXIV, 535 3 XXV, 627. -
Cento, cognomen of C. Claudius, son of Appius, the intervex in Livy, XXII, 34, not Centho. ALSCHEF- skI, III, p. 471. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 71, § 286.
centurio, not chenturio.
Br. 282.
Cerealis and Cerialis.
FL. 12. Br. 136, 324. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 437. The name of the festival is written Ceria/ia, in Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 490.
Cetegus, v. Cethegus.
ceteri, not caeteri.
This spelling is attested by inscriptions (Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 575), and by Mss. (& g. Cic. de Re p. I, 4, 7. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 45, 2; 63, 11. Hor. ed. KELLER-HOLDER, J, p. 243 ; II, p. 391). FL. 12.
ceteroqui, not ceteroquin.
RIBBECK, Fartikel, 19.
Cethegus, not Cetegus.
Cetegus is ante-Ciceronian.* Corp. /ns. Lat. I, 339. Br. 287. Cf. Hor. Epist. II, 2, 117; Ars, 50 (KELLER).
cetra, cetratus, vw. caetra.
62 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
charta, chartinacius, not cart-. :
Br. 288, 219. Hor. Carm. IV, 8, 21; 9, 31 (KELLER).
cheragra and chiragra (xepdypa).
Hor. Epist. I, 1, 31; Serm. II, 7, 15, where KELLER and HOLDER have adopted cheragra in the text. See above, § 5, 2.
Chilo and Cilo. BR. 291. chorda, not corda. Hor. Serm. I, 3, 8; Ars, 348, 356 (KELLER-HOLDER). Circei, Circeis, better than Circeii, See above, § 14, 3- circinus, not cercinus (xipxwos). BR. 142 sq. circumeo and circueo, circumitus and cir- cuitus, circumitio and circuitio. See above, § 20, I, 4. cithara, not cithera,citera. Br. 75- clades, not cladis in Nom. Sing.
Br. 146,149. See above, § 15, 3.
clatri, not clathri.
KELLER, Yahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 103, p. 559.
claudo, clausi, clausum, not the vulgar “forms clodo, cludo, etc.
Cf. Verg. Aen. VI, 734 (RIBBECK).
claustrum, claustra, not clostrum.
Like caupo, claudo, plaustrum.
clipeus, better than clupeus.
BR. 121, 321. clipeus, /zs. Reg. Meap. 5250, towards the end of the first century after Christ. clupeus in
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 63
Monum. Ancyr. VI, 20. Corp. Ins. Lat. I1, 1263, 1286. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p.. 450. Hor. Carm. I, 28, 11 (KELLER). cloaca, not cluaca. cluaca is the rarer form (Br. 81).
Clytemestra = Kn\vrawrjorpa. In Latin the x fell out, and the second syllable was pronounced short.
FL. 13. Quintil. II, 17,4; III, 10, 4 sgg. Clytae- mestra, B., Clytemestra, 4., “‘ et sic fere tidem deinceps,” says HALM, who puts Clytaem- in his text. Cf. Quin- til. III, 6,53. Rhein. Mus., XXIV, 494. Clitémestra, Au- son. Epit. Her. 1 (Cod. Vossian.). RITSCHL, Ofusc. IT, 517.
Cn. = Gnaeus. As C, = Gaius. Cnidus and Gnidus. Cnosus, Cnosius,and Gnosus, Gnosius, not Cnossus.
RIBBECK, Pro/, in Verg. pp. 444,392. Gn-is the read- ing in Hor. Carm. I,-15, 173 30, 1, al. (KELLER). L. MULLER, De re metr. p. 316. .
co(con) incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 5. coclea, better than cochlea.
Br. 290 s7.; cf. 133 5g. Sall. Iug. 93, 2 (DrETSCcH) ; Hor. Serm. II, 4, 59, where good Mss. favor coclea (HoLpEr, IT; p. 146.)
coemo, coemi, coemptum, not coemtum; vw. emo.
coerceo more usual than the older form coherceo, which is likewise correct.
KELLER on Hor. Carm. I, 10, 18; II, 18, 38; 19, 19;
64 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Epod. 9, 35. Cf. Sall. Iug. 91, 7; 100, 5 (DiErscn). Stem HERC, as in herctum, erctum. cohors, not coors, cors, chors, Br. 285, 286. Cf. Hor. Serm. I, 7, 23. coicio, better than coiicio, conicio. BR. 199 sgg. 300, 334. See above, § 20, II. Coici-, Cod. Veron. Livii, VI, 2, ro. col-l incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 5. coluber, not colober. The latter is plebeian (Br.. 85). columna, not colomna. Like coluber (Br. 83). com incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 5. comedo, like adedo.
comissari and comisari, cwud fw. Br. 275. KELLER on Hor. Carm. IV, 1, 1%. comi- santium, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 29, 5. commendaticius, commenticius. See above, § 6, 1. comminus, not cominus (opposite of eminus). RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 393. FL. 13. E. g. Caes. Bell. Civ. I, 58 (p. 46, 2, DUBNER). como, compsi, comptum. . See above, § 7, II. comprehendo, better than comprendo. Br. 286. con incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 5. condicio, not conditio. FL. 14. RiIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 394. Hor. Carm. I, 1,12; IIT, 5, 14 (KELLER). Cic. de Re p. I,4; 7.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 6 5
Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 4, 1; 32, 5. Cic. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 52, § 1373 54, §.142. De Re p. I, 4, 7, al. conecto, not connecto. conexio, conexus, not connexio, etc. FL. 14. RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 449. BR. 302. See above, § 20, I, 5. conicio, uv. coicio. conitor, not connitor. coniveo, not conniveo. Like conecto. coniunx, better than coniux. Br. 270 sg. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 434. consecro, better than consacro. Br. 319. Cf. 2b. 77. contemno, contempsi, contemptum, contemptor, not contemsi, contemtum. See above, § 7, II. Cf temno. E. g. Cod. Veron. Livil, III, 57, 3; 67, 4, 53 VI, 2, 4, 9. contio, not concio. Cic. de Re p. I, 4, 7 (OSANN, p. 21 sg.) ; de Or. I, 9, § 35 (ELLENDT). Cod. Vat. Verrin. (ed. 2, Tur. II, 1, P- 449; p. 166, 25). Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 19, 4; 27, 2, al. -FL. 14. controversia, not the older form controvorsia. E. g. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 48,§ 125. Cf. versus. conubium, not connubium. Br. 328. Like conecto. conventicius, not conventitius. Cic. de Re p. IIT, 35, 48. See above, § 6, I. convicium, not convitium. Br. Rhein. Mus. fiir Phil. XX1v, 538.
66 _LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
coquere, better than quoquere. coquus, not quoquus, cocus. Br. 232 sg. Cf. HOLDER on Hor. Serm. II, 1, Jd ta 41. See above, § 6, II; § 14,1.
cothurnus, vw coturnus.
cottidie and cotidie, not quotidie.
BR. 236, 237, 331. cottidie belongs not only to the refined, but also to the plebeian speech (Corp. Jus. Lat. IV, 1939). Cf. Mar on Cic. pro Scauro, Azer. CZ. II. p- 306; 2. 26, 173. OSANN (p. 475) on Cic. de,Re p. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 12, 73 51, 11.
coturnix, not cocturnix.
cocturnix is plebeian. CAPER appears to have pre- ferred cuturnix (BR. 87).
‘coturnus and cothurnus (xé@opvos), not cuturnus.
coturnus is the form in Hor. Carm. II, 1, 12; Serm.
I, 5, 64; Ars, 80, 280 (KELLER-HOLDER). OR. 6187. ¢ and ¢#, in Vergil. Ecl. VII, 32; VIII, 10; Georg. II, 8; Aen. I, 337. RisBeck, Prol. in Verg. p. 424. Quintil. X, 1, 68. On cuturnus, cf. Hor. Serm. I, 5, 64 (HOLDER).’*
crebresco, not crebesco.
ZuMPT on Cic. Divin. in Caec. 4,12. Cf. percrebresco.
cucullus (“cuckoo”) and cuculus.
Z,in Hor. Serm. I, 7,31 (HOLDER). cuculus, Plaut. Trin. 245 (RITSCHL). cuciilus, Philomela, 35.
culleus, culleum, not culeus, culeum.
Nepos, Eum. 8, 7. Only the Cod. R(omani collegit), ed. HALM, gives culeos; the same attests the / in Cic. pro Sex. Roscio, 11, 30 (p. 38, 15, ed. Tur.). Cf. FL. 15. Placidi Gloss. s. v.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 67
cum, not quum, is to be written for both the Conjunc- tion and Preposition.
BR. 223 sgg. (index). So in Mss. E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii. Cf. Cic. de Re p. (ed. 2 Tur. p. 760, 4—Du RIEU).. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 442 sq., 449. See above, § 6, II.
Cumae, in prose, not Cymae, Cume.
Cic. ad Fam. VIII, 1, 2. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 25, 4. Cumas is the reading in Hor. Epist. 1, 15, 11. Verg. Aen. VI, 2 (where RIBBECK reads Cymarum). Rub- BECK, Prol. in Verg. Pp. 453- BR. 203. cumba, better than cymba, not cimba.
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 452. Hor. Carm. II, 3, 28 (KELLER). Quintil. XII, 10, 37 (HALM).
cuminum = xvuwor. BR. 203. cumque (= ¢/ cum), not cunque.
Br. 265. Cf. Hor. (ed. KELLER-HOLDER, I, p. 246),
Serm. I, 4, 66. cuppes, cuppedo, cuppedia(e), better than cupes, etc.
Plaut. Trin. 239 (RITSCHL). cuppedinarii, Ter. Eun. II, 2, 25 (UMPFENBACH). Cf. Varro, L. L., V, § 146.
cupressus = xurdpioos, not cypressus.
Br. 203. Hor. (ed. KELLER-HoLDER, I, p. 246). RiBBECcK, Prol. in Verg. pp. 395, 453- Cic. de Leg. I, 5, 15.
cur, not quor.
quor is ante-classical. Br. 225, 228 sg.
custodela, not custodella.
Br. 260.
Cybébe and Cybéle, Kvu878y and Kv8ér7.
68 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Cybebe, Verg. Aen. X, 220, Cybele, Ciris, 166 (R1n- BECK). Ov. Fasti, IV, 249, 363. Cf. Cybelus, Verg. Aen. III, 111; XI, 768.
cycneus, kvxveos, v.cyenus. cycnus, xixvos, better than cygnus.
cycn-, RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 392. Cf. the name Cycnus, Corp. Jus. Lat. IV, 2508. cygn-, Hor. Carm, IV, 2, 25; 3, 20 (KELLER).
Dahae, not Daae (name of a people). Verg. Aen. VIII, 728. Liv. XXXV, 48; XXXVII, 38; 40. Tac. Ann. II, 3. Dalmata and Delmata. Dalmatia and Delmatia, Dalmaticus and Delmaticus. Br. 75. E. g. Hor. Carm. II, 1, 16 (KELLER). Dama, a proper name, not Damma. On the con- trary, (amma, asa common noun. See below.
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p.577. Hor. Serm. I, 6, 38; II, 5, 18, 101 ; 7, 54 (HOLDER).
Damaratus and Demaratus (Aapdparos, Anudpa- TOS).
Cic. Tusc. V, 37; 109; de Re p. II, 19, 34. {CE OSANN on latter, p. 192.) Demaratus, in the Oration of Claudius (I, 12, NIPPERDEY).
damma, not dama.
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 430. Cf. Quintil. IX, 3, 6 (damae, HaALm ; damae, A.; dame, G. JZ). Hor. Carm. I, 2,12 (KELLER). Cf. Dama.
a
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 69
damno and damnum,not dampno,dampnum, .
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 577. ,.Dampn- is a frequent error in the Mss., traceable to the plebeian pronunciation of the word. E.g. Hor, Serm. I, 2, 52 (HOLDER).
Danuvius, not Danubius.
FL. 15. BR. 239, 332. Hor. Carm. IV, 15, 21 (KELLER).
Dareus, better than the later form Darius.
Dareus in Cicero [see OTTO and OSANN (p. 467, sg.) on Cic. de Re p.] ; in Livy, IX, 17, 16 (WEISSENBORN) ; in Curtius (HEDICKE). Darius is the reading of the Codices Cornelii Nepotis, but Dareus, Zditio Ultraiect. (HaLM). Cf. above, § 5, 2.
Decelea, better than Decelia.
Nep. Alc. 4, 7 (HALM), where the Cod. Monacensis, Saec. xv, gives Deceliam. See above, § 5, 2.
decima and decuma (“the tenth ”’).
decuma is the older form, used in the time of Cicero and Augustus (cf. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 577. Cod. Vati- canus Verrinarum, IT, 3, 24, § 59. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 23, 8). It also occurs in Quintilian’s time (BR. 321). In Quintilian, however, VIII, 5, 19, we have the reading decimas.
decimanus and decumanus.
Like decima. The Cod. Vat. Verrin. often reads decu- manus ; e. g. II, 2, 13, where the Cod. Lagom. 42, reads decimanus. Cf. decumates, Tac. Ger. 29.
decimo, -are, and decumare.
decimus, as common Ordinal, not the older decumus. Like decima. See above, § 17, 1. decumam, Verg.
\
7O LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Geor. I, 284. Aen. 1X, 155 (RIBBECK). Tac. Ann. III, 21; cf. 2. XIV, 44 (NIPPERDEY),. defatigatio and defetigatio, defatigo and defetigo. Br. 78. FL. 15. defraudo, better than defrudo. Cf. fraus. deicio, better than deiicio. See above, § 20, II. Hor. Serm. I, 6, 39, where deicere is a word of three syllables. Nepos, Alc. 3, 2 (HALM). delectus, wv. dilectus. delenio, -ire, not delinio. E. g. Hor. Carm. IIT, 1, 43 (KELLER). deliratio, deliro, delirus, not deleratio, etc. BR. 142, sg. Delmatia, v. Dalmatia. demo, dempsi, demptum. Br. 248. See above, § 7,11. Hor. Carm. II, 5, 14 (KELLER). Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 10, 6. denuntio, v. nuntio. depeciscor (depectus) and depaciscor (depactus) ; the first form with the Participle depectus is preferable. Br. 78. HALM on Cic. pro S. Roscio, 38, 110 (p. 59, 23, ed.'2, Tur. «269i. 80, deprehendo and deprendo. Br. 286. Quintil. IX, 4,59. Cf. IX, 1,17. ° Cic. de Or. II, 68, § 275 (ELLENDT). deprendo, Hor. derigo, “to lay straight,” “to bring in a particular line, or direction” ;
7
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 71
dirigo, “to move or place in different directions, in dif- ferent lines.” in derectum (“straight forward’’), Livy, XXII, 47, 3. aciem derigere, Liv. XXI, 47, 8; XXII, 45, 4 (ALs- CHEFSKI). Naves in pugnam, 7d. XXII, 19, 8, al. Cf. Vitruv. VII, 3. HENZEN, Scavi, p. 53 sgg. dirigere per orbem, MOMMSEN quoted by HENZEN, p. 56.
describo isto be distinguished from discribo, which see further on.
designatio, designator, designo, uw dis- sign-.
desum, deest, deeram, deero, not dest, deram, dero.
dero occurs, as is attested by (1) its being pronounced
as a word of two syllables in the poets, (2) by the Zadula Malacitana* (BR. 325), and elsewhere. Mss. exam- ples of dest, dero, etc. are given by RITSCHL on Suet. Vit. Terent. p. 528, and by RipBeck, Prol. in Verg. p- 414. But in writing, the correct form deero was also retained, independently of the pronunciation. Cf. the Ms. -readings of Hor., Serm. I, 9, 56; II, 1, 173; 2, 98 (HoLpER). Cic. de Leg. I, 1,2; 4,14. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 34, 73 Vy 7, 13
detrecto and detracto.
Cf. Priscian, VIII, 85 (HERTz, I, p. 438). RIBBECK,
Prol. in Verg. p. 387. detracte, Fragm. Vat. Sall. I, a. 14 (Z/ermes, V, 402).
deversorium, better than the older form devorso- rium; notdiversorium. “devertit qui a via vel ratione deflexit. Tamen cum * Corp. Ins. Lat. Vol. I (Juscriptiones Hisfaniae), 1964. .
72 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Fd
devertit dicatur, diversorium magis quam deversorium usus obtinuit. Ergo utrumque usu et ratione dicimus.” Placidi Gloss. p. 453 (MAI). OSANN (p. 442) on Cic. de Re p. deversorium, Hor. Epist. I, 15, 10 (KELLER), al. Cf. BUCHELER, Fahrd. fiir Phil. vol. 87, p. 782. deus, Plur. dii, diis, and di, dis; not dei, deis.
BR. 137, 140 ; see above, § 14, 3. Mss. give di: e.g.
Cic. de Re p. I,.13, 19. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 123.
dexter, dextera, dexterum, and dextra, dextrum. In prose of Quintilian’s time, the syncopated forms dextra and dextrum are preferred. Older authors vary. , It is to be observed, however, that dextera used as a substantive is of frequent occurrence. Plautus has only the full form (RITSCHL, Ofzsc. II, 673). The usage of individual authors is given by NEvE, Lat. Hormeui. Il, ar Diana, not Deana. Deana is plebeian: e. g. Cor. Zs. Rh. p. 380. dicio, not ditio. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 578. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 8, 2; V, 27,13. FuL.16. RIBBECK, Pro/. ix Verg. p. 414. dignosco, vu. dinosco. dilectus, not delectus (“a military levy’’). Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 20, 2, 3, al. . dimidius, not demidius. Br. I4I. " dinosco, better than dignosco. Hor. Epist. I, 15, 29; II, 2, 44 (KELLER). Quintil. XI. 3, 18, 31 (HALM). The older form dignosco is fa- ~ vored by OSANN (p. 297) on Cic. de Re p. III, 35, 47. discidium, not dissidium.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 73
Mapvic, Excurs. on Cic. de Fin. I, 13, 44. . FL. 16. discribo (‘‘to distribute within certain limits,” “to divide’’) must be distinguished from describo (‘to copy,” “to make a rough sketch,” “ to describe ”’). BUCHELER discusses the distinction admirably in the Rhein. Mus. xu, 598. Fahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 87, p. 782. Cf. Cic. de Re p. I, 46, 70 (OSANN, pp. 146, 512). Cic. de Leg. III, 5, 12 (VAHLEN, p. 136). discriptio and descriptio, corresponding to di- scribo and describo. disicio, better than disiicio. See above, § 20, II. dissicio, R1ipBeck, Prol. in Verg. p- 414. dissaepio, not dissepio. Cic. de Re p. IV, 4, 4. Cf. saepio. dissidium, v. discidium. dissignatio (‘‘disposition,” “ arrangement’) must be dis- tinguished from designatio (“ designation,” “sketch”’). Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 206, 94, 104. Cf. dissigno. dissignator (“one who orders or regulates,” e. g. “an undertaker at funerals’ ; “an usher in the theatre”), not designator. Hor. Epist. I, 7, 6 (KELLER). FL. 16. Corp. Zus. Lat. 1V, 768. Cf. 7b. 597. dissigno, -are (“to arrange,” “ to contrive,” “to plot”), must be distinguished from designare (“to mark out,” “designate ”’). E. g. Hor. Epist. I, 5, 16 (KELLER). FL. 16. Cf dissignatio, dissignator. distinguo, not distingo. Br. 127 sg. Cf. KELLER on Hor. Carm. II, 5, 11.
74 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
ditio, vw. dicio. divisio, not divissio. See above, § 10. Like casus, causa. BR. 273 sg. [divus] sub divum, sub divo and sub dium, sub dio. KELLER on Hor. Carm. I, 18, 13. See above, § 4. dolium, not doleum. doleum is plebeian (Cor. Zins. Lat. I, p. 359). BR. 136. dorsum, not dossum. -7s- is the usual form. Br. 272. Cf. RITSCHL, Opuse. II, 544, Rem. drachma, not drachuma nor dragma. drachuma is ante-classical ; perhaps, however, it oc- curs, Cic. Ep. ad Fam., where the Cod. Med. reads dracchum. BAIreR (ed. Lips.) reads drachumum. Cf. BUCHELER, Rhein. Mus. XI, 515. drachm-, Cic. pro Flacco, 15, 34. RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 483. dragma occurs in Mss. E. g. Hor. Serm. II, 7, 43 (HoLDER). Cic. pro Flacco, (I. c.) Cod. Salishburg. Plaut, Trin. 425, Cod. F., where good Mss. read -chum- and -chm-. Duilius and Duillius, not the old form Duelius, Duellius. DvILivs, Act. Triumph. anni 494 (Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p- 458). Duillius, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 64, 4, al. On the forms Duelius, Duellius, see Mar on Cic. de Re p. _ I,1, 1. Osann (p. 429) on Cic. de Re p. dumetum and dimmetum, dumosus and diimmosus. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 414. dumetum, Hor. Carm. III, 4, 63; 29, 23 (KELLER).
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 75
dumtaxat, not duntaxat. OSANN (p. 220) on Cic. de Re p. II, 32, 56. dupondius and (later) dipondius. ** dupondius a duobus ponderibus.” Varro, de L. L., V, 169. dipundiumis plebeian. Corp. Jus. Lat. IV, 1679. Cf. Petron. 14, 58 (BUCHELER). hein. Mus. XI, 149 (SCHMITZ).
Dyrrachini (= Avfpaxnvol), better than Dyrra- cheni. Cic. ad Att. III, 22, 4 (BAITER, p. xxvi).
E. e, v. ex. ebenus, v. hebenus. ebur, not ebor. Br. 84. RreBEck, Prol. in Verg. p. 437. eculeus, better thanequuleus. ecul-, Cod. Put. Colbert. Livii, XXIII, 21 (extr.) (At- SCHEFSKI, III, p. 776). eculeus, as a wooden rack, in Cic. pro Mil. 21, 57: edera, v. hedera. edo, esum, better than essum. Cf. NEvE, Lat. Formenl. II, 566. edyllium and idyllium. See above, § 5, 2 ei (Interjection), not hei. Verg. Aen. XI, 57. RiBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 421. eia, v. heia. F eicio, better than eiicio. Br. 199-202. See above, § 20, IT.
76 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
elegans, not eligans. Br. 144. elephas, not elephans. - Br. 267. Hor. Epist. II, 1, 196. (KELLER prefers ~115.) elleborus, better than helleborus.
Hor. Serm. II, 3, 82; Epist. II, 2, 137 (HOLDER- KELLER). Verg. Georg. III, 451 (R1BBECcK). hell-, Plaut. Ps, 1185 (RITSCHL).
eluo, eluari, eluatio, v. helluo, etc. emo, emi, emptum, not emtum.
Br. 248. See above, § 7, II. Corp. Zns. Lat. I, p. 579. In Mss.; e. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, 1V, 13, 9.
emptio, not emtio.
Cf.emo. BR. 332.
emptor, not emtor.
Cf.emo. Corp. dns. Lat. I, p. 579. BR. 331 sg. Hor.
Carm. III, 6, 32 (KELLER). epistula (= éricrody), not epistola.
This is the undoubted spelling in inscriptions and old Mss. (Fx. 17). The word has undergone the Latin umlaut of 9 into # That Cicero must have written epistola isa false inference of CoRSSEN’S, who has al- lowed himself to be misled by the Zurich edition of Cice- ro’s Letters (1845). The older Codex Mediceus of the eleventh century, which alone can come into considera- tion in this matter, gives both forms, epistula and epis- tola (BAITER, ed. Lips. IX, p. vi. Cf. the titles of the “Books”: epistola 1, 2; but, on the other hand, epis- tula 3, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, II, 13, 14, 15, 16). It follows from this that the late-ILatin form epistola was not able to supplant, even in the comparatively recent Codex Medi-
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 77
ceus, the genuine form epistula, which is also well at- tested by inscriptions.
Cf. Sall. Iug. 71, 4, 5 (DietTscn). Mat, Awct. Class. II, p. 389. RITSCHL, Ofzsc. II, 493, Rem.
On the other hand
epistolicus (= émiwroNxds) has remained a foreign word, while epistula became naturalized in the lan- guage. equus, not ecus nor equos. See above, § 6, II; § 14, 1. era, % erus. ercisco, v. hercisco. eres, vw. heres. erilis, not herilis, v. erus. Erinys, not Erinnys. Verg. Aen. II, 337, 573; VII, 447 (RIBBECK). erus (“ the master of the house’), era (‘the mistress of the house ’’), Adject. erilis, not herus, etc.
Ritscu1L, Ofusc. II, 409. ‘This spelling is favored also by the readings in Hor. (Carm. II, 18, 32; III, 27, 63— KELLER; cf. HOLDER, II, p. 404) and in Cic. (Mat, Auct. Class. I, p. 383). Eutyches as quoted in Cassiodor. p. 2313, 9, 19.
Esquiliae, Esquilinus, not Exquiliae, or Aes- quiliae.
The form Esqu- is rendered certain by the names of the tribes in inscriptions, OR. 3091 (cf. Fast. Consul. ann. 304, Corp. Jns. Lat. I, p. 426; II, where we find esquillnus). The form Exqu- is founded on the gram- matical theory in Varro (L. L., V, 49), and Verrius (cf. Fast, Praen. Mart. 2, which gives exquilils. Cod. Veron.
78 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Livii, III, 67, 11; 68,2. MOMMSEN, Zyazsact. Berlin Acad. 1868, p. 172).
Aesquil- [ Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 66, 5, and Horatian Mss., Serm. I, 8, 14; II, 6, 33 (HOLDER). Cf. Epod. 5, 100; 17, 58 (KELLER)| s founded on the confusion of ae and e and on the derivation of aesculus. Cf. Varro, Z. c. (MULLER).
etiamnum, not etiannum. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 430. evan, evans, evias, evius, evoe, v. euhan, etc. Euander and Huandrus, Evavépos, not Evan- der.
Verg. Aen. VIII, 100, al. (RIBBECK). Hor. Serm.
I, 3, 91 (HOLDER, L. MULLER). euhan, evdy (evdv), not evan, and better than euan. euhan, Verg. Aen. VI, 517 (RIBBECK). Ovid. Met. IV, 15 (euham, Cod. Goth. 1); but euan in Priscian, VI, 29 (HERTZ, I, p. 220), LACHMANN 77 Lucr. p. 309. euhans, not evans. Verg. Aen. VI, 517 [euhanthis, Cod. AZed.] (RIBBECK). Euhias, not Evias. Hor. Carm. III, 25, 9 (KELLER). Buhius, not Evius.
Hor. Carm. I, 18,9; II, 11,17 (KELLER). Cic. pro Flacco, 25,60. Cf. LACHMANN 77 Lucr. p. 309.
euhoe, evoi, not evoe.
LACHMANN 7z Lucr. p. 309. Hor. Carm. II, 19, 5, 7 (KELLER).
ex before vowels and # ; e and ex before consonants.
In many expressions,only one form of the Preposition
is usual before consonants: e. g. e re publica, “‘ for the
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 79
a
good of the state”; e regione, “ opposite ” ; e natura, “ according to nature” ; and extempore, “‘ instantaneous- ly ” ; ex sententia, “ according to one’s wish” ; ex sena- tus consulto ; ex lege, and, if an adjective follows, e lege (for instance, e lege Rupilia) ; ex parte, “partly”; ex professo, ‘‘ avowedly,” “intentionally ” ; ex Ponto; ex me (te, se) ; ex meo, tuo ; ex and e suo.
NeEvE (Lat. Formeni. II, 756-770) has collected these and many other examples.
examen, not exagmen (exacmen), “a swarm.” RIBBECK, Prol, in Verg. p. 420.
exedo, exedi, exesum, not exessum. RIBBECK, Prol, in Verg. p. 445-
exedra and exhedra.
There is Ms. authority for both forms. Cf. Cic.de Or. ITI,5,§17(exedra, BAITER, ed. Tur., and ELLENDT) ; de Fin. V, 2, 4 (exhedr-, BAITER) ; de Deor. Nat. I, 6, 15 (exedr-, BAITER, ed. Tur., while the Tauchnitz edition reads exhedr-). In Quintil. XI, 2, 20, HALM reads exe- dris, but traces of the 4 are still visible in the Ms.
In Vitruv. V, 11, 2, ROSE-MULLER reads exedra twice, but the Mss. give sometimes one form, sometimes the other. exsedra occurs in OR. 3283.
exedrium and exhedrium. Like exedra. exhadria is found in Cod. Afed. Cic. Ep. ad Fam. VII, 23, 3. exim and exin. RITSCHL, Opusc. II, 455, 459. eximo, exemptum, not exemtum. Like emo. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 579. Cod. Veron. _ Livii, V, 51, 4 existimatio, better than existumatio.
80 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
existumatio is archaic, yetit occurs in Ciceronian Mss. E. g. Cod. Vat. Verrin. III, 83, 192. Cf. aestumo. existi- matio is found in Cod. Veron, Livii, 1V,15,1 BR. 5, 111. existimo, like existimatio. existumas, along with existimas, in Cic. de Deor. Nat. II, 29, 73. existimet, in de Re p. I, 20, 23. Exquiliae, Exquilinus, vw. Esquiliae. ex-S-,e. g. exsanguis, better than exanguis. Both forms are correct, but the rule is, as laid down by the grammarians and sanctioned by frequent usage, that the s is to be retained in compounds made up of ex and a word commencing with s. Thus, exsaevio, exscensio, exscindo, exscribo, exsculpo, exseco, exsecror, exsequiae, exsequor, exsicco, exsilio, exsilium, exsisto, exsolvo, ex- somnis, exsors, exspecto, exspes, exspiro, exspolio, ex- spuo, exsterno, exstimulo, exstinguo, exstirpo, exsto, ex- struo, exsudo, exsul, exsulto, exsupero, exsurgo, exsuscito, etc., with their derivatives. Br. 278-280, 333. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 1, § 2, exstiterunt; I, 39, § 177, exsilium, exsulo, OSANN (p. 18) on Cic. de Re p. I, 3,6. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 445 sq.
F.
faenerator, faeneratrix, not foen-. faenero, not foenero. Cf. faenus. faenile, not fenile (foenile). Verg. Georg. III, 321 (RIBBECK).' faeniseca, faenisex, faenisicia, faenisicium, not foeniseca, etc. Cf. faenum.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 81
faenum, not the plebeian collateral form fenum; foe- num is incorrect.
Hor. Serm. I, 4, 34 (HOLDER).
So faenarius, faenisex, faenisicia, fae- nisicium, not the plebeian collateral form fen-. Corp. Ins. Lat.1, pp. 580, 358 (AZexol. Iun. 12, 13). CorssEN, Ausspr. I?, 327. BR. 205.
faenus, faenoris, better than fenus; not foenus.
BR. 103 sg. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 284; Zlog. xxi (CorssEN, Ausspr. I*, 327). D1etscu on Sall. Cat. 33, 2. Hor. Epod. 2, 4, 67 (fenore, fenerator) ; Epist. I, 1, 80; Ars, 421 (KELLER).
fames, not famis, inthe Nom. Sing. Br. 147,149. See above, § 15, 3. farcio, farsi, fartum, not farctum, farsum. Cic. in Verr. II, 5, 11,§ 27 (Zumpr). fartor, Hor. Serm. IT, 3, 229 (HOLDER). Februarius, not Febrarius. BR. 130. fecunditas, fecundo,
fecundus, not foecunditas, etc.
Hor. Carm. III, 6,17; 23,6; Serm. II, 3, 287, al. (KELLER-HOLDER). CORSSEN quotes examples from inscriptions, Ausspr. I?, 326. Cf. Gellius, XVI, 12.
feles. See above, § 15, 3.
femina, not foemina. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 580. femur, not femor. Br. 84, 85, Rem.
6
82 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
fenerator, feneratrix, fenero, vw faenus. fenile, v. faenile. feniseca, fenisex, fenisicia, feniaici wwe. v. faenum, fenum v. faenum. fenus, v. faenus. feria, not ferea. BR. 133. ferveo, not ferbeo. BR. 239. fetialis, not fecialis. Cic. de Re p. II, 17, 31. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 58, 1. Cf. ForcELLINI s. v. Fahro. fiir Phil. vol. 77, p. 348. fetidus, feteo, fetor, better than foet-. LACHMANN iz Lucr.p. 271. foet- is the reading in Cic. in Pis. 6, 133 10, 22. fetus, Substantive and Participle, not foetus. Stem like fecundus. FE. g. Hor. Carm. III, 27, 4; IV, 5, 27; Carm. Saec. 31 (KELLER). ficticius, not fictitius. See above, § 6, I. fides and fidis (‘‘ string of a musical instrument”). NEvE, Lat. Formenl.1, 179 sg. Br. 146, 149. See above, § 15, 3 filix (“fern”), not felix, filex. BR. 141.
finitimus, better than finitumus. finitumus is the older form, but nevertheless kept its
place in the time of the Empire. E. g. Cod. Veron. «
Livii, IV, 12, 9; together with finitimus, IV, 7,12. Cf. 2.17,6. See above, § 17, I
~
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 83
flagellum, not fragellum. Br. 258. fluvidus and fluidus. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 448. foecunditas, foecundus, and derivatives, v. fe- cundus. foedus, -a, -um, and foedus, foederis, not fedus. Br. 207. Cf. KELLER on Hor. Carm. III, 5,15; 6, 43 24, 23. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 18, 10; 44,1; and 22, 4. i foenerator, foeneratrix, foenero,w fae- nus.
foenile, foenisex, and kindred formations, v. fae- num. .
foenum, v. faenum. foenus, v. faenus. foetus, uw. fetus.
Forensia and Foresia. Foresia is Ciceronian (BR. 268).
formica, not furmica. Br. 85.
formidulosus, better than formidolosus.
In Hor. Carm. II, 17, 18, Epod. 5, 55, KELLER writes formidulosus.
This is an old-Latin form: e. g. in Plaut. Ps. 824 (RITSCHL), Terent. Eun. IV, 6,18(UMPFENBACH). Cf. Sallust, ed. Drerscu, II, p. 220. But it is probable that later, formidolosus, perhaps in consequence of the simi- larity of sound with formido, became of frequent occur- rence also. Cf. Cic. in Verr. II, 5, 1, § 1. Cic. pro
84 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Cluent. 3, 7; in Pis. 24,58. Tac. Ann. I, 62, and other passages quoted in CORSSEN’S Ausspr. II?, 145. formosus, not formonsus.
The older form formonsus was dropped from the gram- mars in imperial times. (BR. 268; see above, § 9, III.) Cf. RIBBECK, rol. in Verg. p. 434. RITSCHL, Ofzsc. II, 715. '
forsan, forsitan, not -am.
On the occurrence of forsam, forsitam, see RITSCHL,
Opusc. II, 570. fraus, fraudis, not frudis, etc. RIBBECK, Prol. ix Verg. p. 420. Cf. besides, Aen. IV, i frenum, not fraenum. According to settled and trustworthy tradition. frondosus, like formosus. frons, not fros nor frus.
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 420.
That Pliny the Elder preferred fros is apparently a peculiarity of his (BR. 267).
frustum, not frustrum.
The recommendation to the contrary, laid down for our guidance, in the Appendix Probi (BR. 272), is based upon the incorrect spelling of Mss. Cf. RiBBEcK, Prol. in Verg. p. 443. Hor. Serm. II, 6, 86 (HOLDER).
furvus, not the archaic form forvus.
KELLER on Hor. Carm. II, 13, 21.
fusus, not fiissus. Like ausus, casus, causa (BR. 275). futtilis, better than futilis. Verg. Aen. XI, 339; XII, 740 (RiBBECK). Cf. Ter.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 85
Andr. III, 5, 3 (UMPFENBACH), where the Cod. Basilic. reads futili.
Cc.
gaesum, notgesum (yaicds, yaicov). Verg. Aen. VIII, 662. Caes. B. G. III, 4, al. Gaetuli and Getuli. Br. 330. Cf. Sail. Iug. 18, al (DreTscu, II, p. 223). Hor. Carm. I, 23, 10; II, 20, 15; III, 20, 2 (KELLER). Gaius, Gai, better than Gaii. See above, § 14, 2 (a) and 3. Gai, e. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 21,7. See C. gallinacius or gallinaceus, not gallinatius. Br. 219; see above, § 6,I. E. g. Cic. pro Mur. 29, 61 (gallinacium, Afonac. 15743 ; gallinarium, A/ozac. 68). garrulus, not garulus. Br. 272. Cf. Hor. Epist. I, 18, 69 (KELLER).
Genava (“Geneva”), not Geneva. Caes. B. G. I, 6,3. BRAMBACH, Rhein. Mus. XXIII, 8. MomMsEN, Zuscr. FHelvet. 83, 84. genetivus, not genitivus. | The weight of Ms. authority favors emphatically gene- tivus for the name of the case, as has already been ob- served by LACHMANN (72 Lucr. p. 15 sg.). The proper name Genitivos, which CorssEN (II?, 297) cites (Or. 5749; 189 A. D.), has arisen from the well-known um- laut e-z, and can prove nothing for the name of the case. Cf. genetrix (genitor), genetrix, not genitrix. Fasti Pine. Sept. 26, Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 298; 75. n.
86 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
1008 ; IV, 3072, Cf. II,.3270.. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 133 (HOLDER). LACHMANN zz Lucr.p. 15. HUBNER, Jahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 77, p. 358; vol. 79, p. 437. FL.17. Ris- BECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 420. The masculine is genitor. genitivus, v. genetivus. genitor, v. genetrix. gentilicius, not gentilitius. Br.219. See above, § 6, I. Getuli, v. Gaetuli. gilvus, not gilbus. BR. 239. girus, v. gyrus. glaeba, better than gleba. Hor. Carm. III, 6, 39; Epod. 16, 55; Epist. I, 14, 39 (KELLER). RIBBECK, Prol, ix Verg. p. 414. Aen, VII, 747. glis, not glir. BR. 277. gloriosus, like formosus. See above, § 9, III.
Gnaeus. See Cn.
gnarus, more frequent than narus. See narus.
gnatus (“son”) and gnata (“daughter ”’), for the more modern natus, nata, were still employed in the dac- tylic poetry of the Augustan age. .
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 420. Hor. ed. KELLER-
HO.LpDER, II, pp. 411, 431.
- In the-time of Cicero, natus, as a Participle from nas- cor, was already of frequent occurrence (Corp. Zus. Lat.
a
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 87
I, p- 587.. Cf. OSANN (p. 297 sg.) on Cic. de Re p. III, 35, 47. Gracchus, not Graccus. BR. 282 sg., 290. Graius, Grai. See above, § 3,2; § 14, 3 gratiis and gratis.
In Plautus and Terence, used only as a word of three syllables (RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 603 ; BENTLEY on Ter. AdslV, 7, 26); in classical times, as a word of three and of two syllables. ZuMPpT on Cic. in Verr. II, 4, 9, § 19. Cf. ingratis.
grunnio, not grundio. Br. 271. gutus, not guttus.
Hor. Serm. I, 6, 118 (HOLDER).
gyrus (yipos), not girus.
Br. 126,
Hadria, Hadriacus, Hadayeans, Hadriaticus, not Adr-. Hor. (ed. KELLER-Hotper, I, p- 257; II, p. 42). Verg. Aen. XI, 405 (RIBBECK). Hadrumetum, Hadrumetinus,not Adr-. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 200, 79. Sall. 1ug. 19, I. Nepos, Hann. 6, 3, 4. haedilia and haedus, not hoedus, aedus, edus,. aedus is a collateral form, but not classical ; edpsis rus- tic. Quintil. I, 5,20. BR. 205, 282, 284. Cf. RIBBECK,
’
88 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Prol.in Verg. p. 422. Hor. Carm. I, 4, 12; 17, 9, al. (KELLER, vol. I, p. 257). Halaesa,not Halesa, Alesa, Alaesa. Palen; Cic. Verr. II, 2, 7, § 19; "65, § 156; 39, 6, § 13 (Zumpr), 83, 192, al. Cf. Halaesus. Halaesus, not Halesus. Verg. Aen. VII, 724; X, 3525; 411 sgg. (RIBBECK). halica, wv. alica.
Halicarnasus and Alicarnasus, witha singles. The unaspirated form is supported by tradition. E. g. in Cic. Tusc, III, 31, 75. Nepos, Lys. 3, 5. Tac. Ann. IV, 55. halucinor, -ari, v. alucinor. Hamilcar (=’Apidkas), not Amilcar. Like Hanni- ’ bal. Hammon, better than Ammon. Verg. Aen. IV, 198 (RiBBECK). Cf. Prol. in Verg. p- 421. Nepos, Lys. 3, 2. Hannibal (=’AvviBas), not Annibal. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 18, § 75, al.
Hanno (="Avywv), not Anno. Like Hannibal.
harena, better than arena, which form is, however, also ancient.
Br. 284, 288, 314. E. g. Hor. Carm. I, 28, 1, 23; Epist. I, 1, 6, al. (KELLER). ‘RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p-422. Cic.. de Rep, 1 47,20.
harenosus, better than arenosus or harenon- sus.
Cf. harena. Br. 267. E.g. Sall. Iug. 48, 3 ; 79, 3, where the 4 is not retained throughout in Mss.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 89
hariola, hariolatio, hariolus, and as eae. ariolus. hariolor and ariolor. Cic. de Div. I, 31, 66 (har- and ar-); 58, 132 (har-) (Curist). Plaut. Mil. 692; Most. 571, ar- (RITSCHL). harundo, better than arundo. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 422.
haruspex, better than aruspex, arespex. Br. 123. Cf. 2b, 283, 314. RiBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p- 421. Hasdrubal (= ’AcdpovBas), like Hannibal. E. g. Hor. Carm. IV, 4, 38, 72. haud and haut. The first form is the usual one in’ancient grammars. Br. 252. On haut, see Dierscu on Sallust, II, p. 227. Before consonants, hau is also used. BR. 253. See above, § 8 (FL. 18. Corp. Jus. Lat. 1, p. 581). RiB- BECK, Prol. in Verg. pp. 397, 425. Hor.. Epod. 1, 32 (KELLER); Serm. II, 1, 39 (HOLDER); cf. their Zudex (II, p. 412). Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 57, 7; 64,1; 1V 12, 8, etc.
haveo and aveo; the first is the pronunciation accord- ing to Quintilian (I, 6, 21). Br. 284. Corp. Zns. Lat. 1, 1072; IV, p. 239. Conf. Ins. Rh. 1153. Hor. Serm. I, 1, 943; 4,87; II, 4, 1; 6, 99 (HOLDER).
hebenus, better than ebenus (@Sevos and é8evos). E. g. Verg. Georg. II, 117 (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 421). Ovid. Met. XI, 610. Mss. vary between the two forms. So also in Pliny, where SILLIc writes hebe- nus. On éSevos, see Zhes. Gr. (ed. DINDORF).
go LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
hedera, better than edera. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. pp. 421, 422, 385. Hor. Carm. I; 1, 29, al.; Epist. 1,3, 25 (KmELER) “On; :60an. Festus Pauli, however, has edera under E (p. 82, MULLER).
heia (Interjection) and eia. Verg. Aen. IV, 569 (RIBBECK, Pro. 7 Verg. p. 421). Hor. Serm. I, 1, 18; II, 6,23 (HOLDER). ela, Cod. Vos, Auson., Ephem. (farecbasis 1).
heiulo, heiulatio, not eiul-. Hor. Epod. 10,17 (KELLER). Eutyches, p. 2312, 10. Cr. Varyo, L. L., VII, 103.
Heliopolis and Heliupolis (‘HAcodrons), Cic. de Deor. Nat. III, 21, 54. NEuE, Lat. Formenl. I, 131. Cf. Br. 177.
helleborus, wv. elleborus. hélluo, hélluatio,
hélluor (better than -heluor) and elluor; the latter form is more modern, but belongs at latest to the sec- ond century after Christ. hell- is supported by tradition in Cic. de Provin. Con- sul. 6, 14; in Pis. 10, 22; pro Sest. 52, 111; de Fin. Ill, 2, 7; heluato, RIBBECK, in Verg. Catalect. 5, I1. elluari had already in the time of Gellius long existed (II, 3), but first came into very general use after the time of Augustus, for Festus Pauli says: heluo “ab eluendo, cui aspiratur, ut aviditas magis exprobretur ” (MULLER, p.99). Cf. Rhein. Aus. VIII, 296.
Helotae, vw. Hilotae. helus, wv. holus.
7
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. gt
Henna, not Enna, in Sicily.
Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, 520 (MOMMSEN). Cic. Verr, II, 2, 65, § 156 (ZUMPT) ; 3, 83, § 192, al.
Heraclea, and (later) Heraclia, name of several towns.
See above, § 5, 2. Cf. Cic. Verrin. II, 2, 50, § 125, where the Cod. Vat. gives Heracleae; pro Archia, 4, 6 sgq. But Heraclienses is given by Codd. Gemblac. (= Brux, 5352), Erfurt., Schol., Ambros. Mat “ubi- que,” BAITER on Cic. pro Arch. (ed. 2 Tur. p. 788, 14). Verr. II, 2,50, § 125 (Zumpt). Cf. 2d. II, 5, 33, § 86; and the names Heraclius, Cod. Vat. Verrin., together with Heracleus, Codd. Lagom. 29 (and 42), B. (Paris, 7776) ; e. g. Verrin. II, 2, 14, § 35; 27, § 65 (ZuMpPr), al.
herbosus, like formosus. Br. 268; see above, $9, III.
hercisco and ercisco. Br. 283. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 56,§ 237. Fes- tus Pauli has the word under E (p. 82, MULLER).
here (‘‘yesterday”) belongs to the age of Quintilian ; Augustus wrote heri. Ho.pER on Hor. Serm. IIT, 8, 2. Cf. Luc. MULLER, De Re Metr. 334. Neus, Lat. Formeni, I1, 685.
hereditas, like heres.
heres, not eres. The latter form also occurs in antiquity, but the spell- ing is less correct. Br. 283, 314. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p- 581, and often in inscriptions. Also in Mss.: e. g. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 42, § 107; 43, § I10, al. here- ditas, 70. herus, v. erus.
Q2 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Hiber, Hiberes, Hiberia, Hiberus, notIberus, etc.
Fragm. Palat. Liv. XCI, p. 4, a, gives Hiberum amnem. — RipBeEck, Prol. in Verg. p. 421. Hor. Carm. I, 29, 15; II, 20, 20; IV, 5, 28; 14,50; Epod. 4, 3; 5, 21 (KELLER) ; Serm. II, 8, 46 (HOLDER). MWonum. Ancyr. V, 53; Corp. Ins. Rh. 484. Corp. Ins. Lat. 11, 2660, d, al.
hice. See above, § 18, I. hiems, better than hiemps.
The last, though physiologically correct and to be met with in classical authors, was discarded by the grammar of the Empire. Br. 249. See above, § 7, II. Cf. KELLER on Hor. Carm. I, 4. 1; Epod. 2, 52.
Hilotae (= ei\wra) and Ilotae.
Nepos, Pausan. 3,6 (HALM). Liv. XXXIV, 27, 9.
See above, § 5, 2. hircus, not ircus or hirquus.
Br. 284. The form ircus likewise occurs, but was re- garded as archaic in Quintilian’s time (Br. 282). Cf. Hor. Serm, I, 2, 27; 4,92; Ars, 220 (HOLDER-KELLER). RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 443.
Hirpini, not Irpini. Liv. XXII, 61, 11, al. (ALSCHEFSK]). Hispallus, not Hispalus.
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 39.
Hister (= "Iorpos), better than Ister.
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 421. Nepos, Milt. 3, 1 (HALM).
Histria, better than Istria.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 93
Corp. Ins. Lat. 11, 2643 ; other examples may be found in CorSsEN, Aussfr. I*, p. 106,
holitor, holitorium, v. holus.
holus, better than olus ; not the archaic helus.
Br. 102. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 421. Hor. (ed. KELLER-HOLDER, II, p. 413). Cf. Holitor, Corp. Zus. Lat. I, 1057 ; holitorium, Fast. Vall. Aug. 1 (zd. p. 320). HENZEN, Scavi, p. 86. ;
honor and honos.
Cf. Br. 277. See above, § 15, 2. Corp. dns. Lat. I, p-. 581. Hor; (ed. KELLER-HoLDER, II, p. 413). EL- LENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 54, § 232. OSANN on Cic. de Re p. I, 34, 53. Cic. in Verr. II, 3, 16, § 43 (ZuMpr). Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 50, 7, honosque.
hora, not ora. RipBEck, Prol, in Verg. p. 422.
hordeum, not ordeum, and not hordium.
E. g. Verg. Ecl. V, 36. Quintil. I, 5, 16. The Rustic Calendar, Corp. Jus. Lat. 1, p. 359, Jul., Nov. Vel. Lon- gus, 2238, 45. Scaur. 2250, 39; 2258, 45; “ notatur ordeum,” Eutyches, p. 2313, 33 (CORSSEN, Azsspr. I?, Pp- 100, 107).
hortus, not ortus.
Br. 283. humerus, v. umerus. humidus, v. umidus. humo,- are, and humus, not umo, umus.
Corp. Ins. Lat, 1, 1418. Ripeeck, Prol. in Verg. p. 422. Hor. Carm, III, 2, 24; Ars, rro, al. (KELLER, vol. I, p. 259).
94 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
humor, v. umor. Hyacinthus, hydra, Hylas, Hyllus, hymenaeus, Hymettus, hymnus, Hypnos, and the rest of Greek words beginning with v, retain the initial 2. Br. 284 sg.
iis both a vowel and a consonant. See above, § 2. iacio in compounds. See above, § 20, II. iamdudum, not iandudum.
Cic. de Re p. II, 40, 67 (cf. OSANN, p. 236). RIB- BECK, Prol.in Verg. p. 430. Cf. Jahrb. fiir Phil, vol. 89, p- 834. |
Iberus,v. Hiberus. idcirco and iccirco.
ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 26, § 118; 50, § 216; idcirco, Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 2, 24,§ 59. Hor. Serm. I,4,45; Epist. I, 1, 29, al. (HOLDER-KELLER).
idem. See above, § 18, II.
identidem. See above, § 9, II.
idyllium, v. edyllium.
iecur, not iecor, iocur; regular Genitive, iecoris (collateral forms, iocineris, iecineris, iocinoris).
Br. 105. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 437. RITSCHL, Opusc. II, 443. NEUE, Lat. Formeni. I, 581.
Ilerda, not Hilerda.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 95
Corp. dns. Lat. II, p. 752. Hor. Epist. I, 20, 13 (KELLER). ilico, not illico. Sall. Iug. 108, 2 (DiETscH). Cf. Rirscu1 on Plautus, Trin. 608. Illyrii, lyricus, not Hillyr-. Br. 314. Acta Triumph. ann. 526, Corp. Zns. Lat. I, p. 458; II, p. 752, al. Inlyrico, Fast. Antiat. Aug. 3 (Corp. Zns. Lat. I, p. 328) is probably a mistake of the stone-mason. Ilotae, v. Hilotae. imb-, not inb-, incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 7. imbecillus, not imbecillis. MADvic on Cic. de Fin. V, 24, 71. imm-, not inm-, incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 7. immo, not imo. OSANN on Cic. de Re p. VI, 14, 14. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. IT, 63, § 256. E. z. Hor. Serm. I, 3, 20 (HOLDER). _ RIBBECK, Par- tikel, 6. imp-, not inp-, incompounds. See above, § 20, I, 7. inclitus and inclutus, not inclytus. RIsBEcK, Prol. in Verg. p. 452. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 197, inclitum (HOLDER). Cf. linter. incoho and (not so good) inchoo, not incoo. BR. 291, 293. OSANN (p. 111) on Cic. de Re p. I, 35, 55. RiIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 122. Hor. Carm. I, 4, 15 (KELLER). incolumis, not incolomis. E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 4, 98, 119 (HOLDER). Tac. Ann. I, 18, al.
96 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
increbresco, not increbesco, uw percrebresco. Hor. Serm. II, 5, 93 (HOLDER). incusare,not incussare. Cf. causa and see above, § 10. ' RuBBEck, Prol. in Verg. p. 445. indutiae, not induciae. FL. 19. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 35,23 V, 32, 5- infitiae, infitiatio, infitiator, infitior, not infic- ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, I § 105; e. g. Guiinl XII, 10, 74 (HALM).
ingratis and ingratiis.
ingratis, Cod. Vat. Cic. in Verr. II, 4, 9, § 19 ; ingratiis, Cic. pro Tullio, § 5 (BEIER, p. 12). Codd. Nepotis, Them. 4, 4 (except JZ, which gives ingrati), where HALM reads ingratiis. Cf. RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 603. NEUE, Lat. Formenti. Il, 672.
inicio, better than iniicio. See above, § 20, II.
inl-, better than ill-,in compounds. See above, § 20, F, :
in primis, inprimis, imprimis.
ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 40, § 184; III, 5,-§ 17; and vol. II, p. 214. Cic. de Re p. I, 15, 23. Corp. lus. Lat. II, 1282, 9.
inr- andirr- in compounds, e. g. inriguus, irriguus. See above, § 20, I, 7. insumo, insumpsi, like sumo. intellegentia, not intelligentia. Cic. de Re p. IV, 1, 1 (OSANN, p. 312). intellego, not intelligo. Br. 145. Fu. 19. Cf. DirtTscu on Sall., vol. II, p. 248.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 97
ELLENDT on Cic, de Or. I, 3, § 12, al. Hor. Epist. I, 9, i (KELLER). intemptatus, cf. tento, tempto.
Hor. Carm. I, 5, 13 ; Ars, 285 (KELLER).
interemptio, not interemtio.
Cf. interimo.
interimo, interemi, interemptum, not interemo, interemtum.
Br. 305. RIBBECK, Prol/. in Verg. p. 416. HOLDER on Hor. Serm. II, 3, 131. See emo.
internecio, better than internicio.
internecio, Sall. Zp. Pompei ad Sen. 9. Cic. ad Att. II, 20, 3. Liv. IX, 26, 3, al. Curt. IV, 11, 18 (HeE- DICKE). Priscian, IV, 8 (HERTz, I, p. 122, 3). interni- cio, Nepos, Eum. 3. Cf. Tac. Ann. II, 21.
intibus, intibum (“succory”), not intub-, intyb-. _ RripBeEck, Prol. in Verg. p. 176. intimus, not the archaicintumus. Br. 108, 111. See above, § 17, I. inverto, not invorto.
Cf. verto. invorto, Verg. Georg. I, 65 (RIBBECK, Pro/. in Verg. p. 436). Cf the examples in Hor. (ed. KELLER- HOLpER, I, p. 263 ; II, p. 419).
inunguo, like unguo, not inungo. Hor. Epist. I, 1, 29 (KELLER). ircus, vu hireus. Irpini, v. Hirpini. is (declinable). See above, § 18, II. Ister, Istria, v. Hister, Histria. iucundus, not iocundus. Cic. Verr. II, 1, 43, § 112 (Cod. Vat). Cic. de Fin. II,
7
98 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY,
4,14. OSANN (p. 7) on Cic. de Re p.I,1, 1. Sall. Iug. 85, 41 (DIETSCH). RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 437. Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 263 ; II, p.420). Corp. Ins. Lat. I, pp. 1008, 1038, and frequently. Iudaea, not Iudea. BR. 330. iugulus, not iuglus. BR. 130. iuniperus, not iunipirus. Br. 142. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg.p. 427. Iuppiter, better than lupiter.
Hor. (ed. HoLpER-KELLER, I, ‘p. 263; II, p. 420). Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 19,°10; 61, 5; V, 50, 4. Cf. CorssEN, Ausspr. I?, p. 211.
ius, Dative iuri; but in the formula iure dicundo, the Dative, as late as the Empire, still kept the old end- ing ¢, along with which juri dicundo is also found.
Br. 325. NEvE, Lat. Formenl. I, 193.
iuventus, not iventus.
Analogous to iuvare. See above, § 4. iventus, Cod.
Veron. Livii, III, 65, 5.
K.
K is an abbreviation for Kaput, “ Capital,” or “ Kaput legis” ; for Kaeso; forKalendae; for Kalum- nia.
For several other abbreviations, not generally used, see Br. 212, 210. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 429. Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, II, p. 421). Cod. Vat. Ver- rin. II, 1, 42, § 109. Fasti in the Corp. Jus. Lat. I,
Pp. 301 sgq.
=, <a
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 99
Kaeso and Caeso, w. K. Caeso, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 11, 6, 9, al. Kalendae, better than Calendae.
Br. 211. CALENDAE, Fast. Praen. Ian. 1, 2, 14.
In abbreviating, K simply is to be employed (not Kal., which first becomes frequent after the time of Commo- dus). Cf. Cod. Veron. Livii, VI, 1, 11 ; for the contrary, see 7d, 12; V, 9, I.
kalumnia, instead of calumnia, may be written in legal expressions.
Br. 208 sgq.
Kaput may be written, when signifying “capital” and “chapter ” (or “ paragraph”). Br. 212. The old commentator on Cic. pro Sextio writes “‘kapite puniendos ” (Mat, Auct. Class. II, 144). Karthago and Carthago. See above, Carthago. Br. 211. OSANN (p. 430-432) on Cic. de Re p.
L.
labes. See above, § 15, 3. - labor, lapsus, not labsus. BR. 243, 248. Cf. Rrpspeck, Prol. in Verg. p. 390. lac and lacte, not lact. Br. 256. Cf. RIBBECK, rol. iz Verg. p. 430. RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 570 sgq. lacrima, not lacruma, lachrima, lachryma. Br. 118. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic, de Or. I, 34, § 157. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 7, 11; VI, 3,5. RIBBECK, Pro/. in Verg. p.450. Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 264; II, p. 421).
Io0o LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
lacuna, not lucuna.->
On the occurrence of the umlauted form luc-, cf. R1B- BECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 430.
lagoena and lagona, not lagena.
Hor. Serm. II, 8, 41, 81; Epist. II, 2, 134 (HoLDER- KELLER). FL. 20. Fahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 93, p. 12.
lamina, syncopated lamna, and lammina.
E. g. Ov. Met. V, 173; XII, 488. Hor. Carm. II, 2,2. lammina, Verg. Georg. I, 143 (RIBBECK, rol. in Verg. p. 430).
lancea, not lancia. BR. 133. lanterna, better than laterna.
BUCHELER and SCHMITZ, Rhein. Mus. XVI, 3933 XIX, 301.
Laodicea, Aaodixera. See above, § 5, 2.
E. g. Cic. Ep. Fam. XII, 15, 7.
Acca Larentia, not Laurentia.
Fast. Praen. Dec. 23 (= Corp. dns. Lat. I, pp. 307, 319, 409). BrECKER-MARQUARDT, om. Alt. IV, 408.
lateralis, not lateraris.
Br. 257.
laterculus, better than latericulus.
latericulus, Caes. B. Civ. II, 9 (DUBNER, II, p. 75, 4).
laterculus was used as early as Plautus (Poen. I, 2, 115). latericius, not lateritius. See above, § 6,1. lavo, lautus, better than lotus.
Br. 206; e.g. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 282 (HOLDER).
lauretum and loretum.
The latter form occurs in Fast. Vall. Aug. 13.
lautumiae, not latomiae.
For citations in regard to the Roman Lautumiae, see
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. IOI
BECKER, Kom. Alt. I, pp. 262-269. Cf. Jahrb. fir Phil. vol. 91, p. 229. legitimus, not the more ancient legitumus. Br. 108, 315. See above, § 17, I.
lepor and lepos; the first form is preferable. Br. 45, 277. See above, § 15, 2. letum, not lethum. E. g. Hor. Carm. I, 3, 33 (KELLER) ; Serm. II, 6, 95 (IfOLDER). See zd. vol. I, p. 265.
lévis, not laevis. E. g. Hor. Carm. I, 2, 38; 17, 12, al. (KELLER, vol. I, p. 264). libet, libens, not the older forms lubet, lubens. Br. 118. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 73, § 295. OsANN (p. 36) on Cic. de Re p. I, 9,14. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 51, 2, libenter. For examples from Horace, see ed. KELLER-HOLDER, II, p. 423. libido, not lubido; like libet. Br. 83, 108 sg., 118. E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 2, 33, al. (HOLDER, II, p. 423). Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 44, 1, al.
lilium, not lileum. Br. 136, 194. lingo, not linguo.
Corp. Ins. Lat. 1V, p. 243.
linter and lunter, not lynter.
BUCHELER, Rhein. Mus., XI, 297. FL. 20. Br. 124, 126. Hor. Serm. I, 5, 20; Epist. I, 18, 61 (HOLDER- KELLER).
linteum, not lintium. Br. 136.
102 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Liris. See above, § 15, 4
lis is the prevailing form of classical times, but we may still employ the old form (stlis, not sclis) in _ the judicial phrase “ stlitibus iudicandis.”
Cf. BR. 214.
littera, better than litera. Cic. de Re p. I, 9,14. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 56, 13. Fragm. Pal. XCI, p. 3 a. Corp. Ins. Lat. TV, 1891. (Cf. I, p. 584.) HENZEN, Scavi, pp. 65, 28; 70, 233 75, 66; and besides in inscriptions. Cf. Rhein. Mus. Vii, 229. litterula, like littera. Hor. Epist. II, 2, 7 (KELLER). litus, not littus.
Cic. de Re p. I, 17, 29 (OSANN, p. 69). Verg. Aen. III, 75 (RIBBECK). Hor. Serm. II, 3, 205 (HOLDER). Quint. XII, 10,19 (HALM). HUBNER, Fahkrb. fiir Phil. vol. 77, p. 363.
locusta and lucusta.
loc-, Varro, L. L., VII, 39. Mss. vary between the two forms ; e. g. in Pliny, where SILLIG writes locusta. The female poisoner of the first century is called Locusta in Tac. Ann. XII, 66; XIII, 15 ; Iuvenal, I, 71, Pith., Cod. Vind. 107 (luc-, Schol. Paris. 7900). Lucusta in Sueton., Ner. 33 (ROTH). <Aovxoiera, Dio, Epit. LXIV, 3, 4-
loquela, not loquella.
Br. 259. Cf. RiBBEcK, Prol. in Verg. p. 429.
loquor, loquuntur, locutus.
See above, § 6, II; § 19, I.
lubet, wv. libet. lubido, wv. libido.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 103
lucusta, uv. locusta. lues, not luis.
Br. 147. See above, § 15, 3. lunter, lynter, wv. linter,.
maereo, not moereo. Cf.maeror, maestus. Cic. de Re p. II, 37, 63 (OSANN, p. 233). Hor. Carm. II, 4, 16; Epist. I, 14, 7, al. (KELLER, I, p. 267). maeror, not moeror. Hor. Ars, 110 (KELLER). Corp. Znus. Lat. I, 1202. Maesius, not Mesius. BR. 205. maestitia, nt moestitia, v. maestus. Liv. III, 43, 7 (Cod. Veron.). maestus, not moestus. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 43, 7. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 47, § 195. Hor. Carm. II, 1, 13; 3,5; Serm. I, 2, 33 5,93; Ars, 105 (KELLER-HOLDER). magno opere and magnopere. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 35, § 164; II, 77, § 310. OSANN (p. 34) on Cic. de Re p. I, 8, 13. Maia, not Maiia. Maiia, it is true, is based upon the pronunciation and occurs often enough, but the grammar discarded it. Br. 184 sg. See above, § 3, 2. malacisso, same as padaxifw. Br. 281. maledictum and male dictum. maledicus, better than malidicus.
104 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
maleficus, better than malificus. malevolentia, better than malivolentia.
malevolus, better than malivolus. The: grammarians preferred the first form with -le-. Cf. beneficus, benevolus. Br. 179. ELLENDY on Cic. de Or. II, 17, § 72. RiTscH1L, Ofusc. II, 562 sy. mali- volentia, Sall. Cat. 3,2; 12, 1. Cf. malificia, 2. 52, 4; Iug. 31, 28; malificus, Iug. 17, 6 (Drerscu). malo, malle, not mallo. Br. 262. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 429. manceps, mancipis, not the more ancient mancu- pis. So mancipium, not mancupium. BR. 122 sg. mancup-, however, is Augustan ; KELLER on Hor. Epist. I, 6, 39; II, 2, 159. Cf Serm. II, 7, 3 (HOLDER). On the other hand, mancipiorum, Sall. lug. 44, 5 (DIETSCH). manibiae and manubiae. BR. 109, 119 sgq. manifestus, not the archaic manufestus.
Verg. Aen. III, 151 (R1BBECK). manufestus in Sal- lust; e. g. lug. 33, 4 (DIETSCH, and cf. vol. II, p. 269). manipretium and manupretium, together with manus
pretium.
Br. 111, Rem. (Marius Victorinus, ed. KEIL, pp. 10, 25). manupr-, Cic. in Pis. 24, 57. Cf. Cic. in Verr. II, I, 56, § 147, where the Cod. Vat. gives manispraetium,
manubiae, v. manibiae. manupretium, v manipretium. Marcomani and (later) Marcomanni. -mani, Caes. B. G. I, 51. Tac. Ann. II, 46, al.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 105
»
Monum. Ancyr. VI, 3. -manni, Fast. Philocali, Tul. 30 (= Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 346). Script. Hist. Aug., in many places. Analogous to Alamanni. maritimus, not maritumus. Br. 109. See above, § 17, I. marmor, not the very rare marmur; Genitive, mar- moris.
Br. 84.
Marsyas, not Marsuas.
Br. 204.
Masinissa and Massinissa.
Masin-, Cic. de Re p. VI, 9,9; cf. on the passage, OSANN, p. 360. Sall. Iug. 5, al (DreTscH). Mas-, Silius, XVI, 117. Mass-, Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 200, 81.
materia and materies; inthe Plural, better to de- cline according to First Declension.
Br. 76. Onthe Sing., see ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 3, § 10.
Mauretania, not Mauritania.
Sall. Cat. 21, 3 (D1ETscH), In inscriptions, e. g. Corp. Ins. Lat. Il, 1120; Corp. Ins. Rh. 163.
maximus, not maxumus.
Br. 108 sgq., 321. See above, § 17, I.
Megalensia and Megalesia. Br. 268. Megalensia, Fast. Praen., Apr. 4. membranacius andmembranaceus, not mem- branatius. Br. 219. See above, § 6, I. mensor, not mesor. Br. 267. mercennarius, not mercenarius.
106 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. =,
Hor. Serm. II, 6, 11; Epist. I, 7, 67 (HOLDER-
KELLER). Cf. Cod. Veron. Liyii, V, 4,8. Quintil. XII,
1,25. For the opposite, Cod. Vat. Verrin, II, 1, 43, § 111 (ed. Tur. II, 1, pp. 163, 449; cf. 2d. 5, 21, § 54, Pp. 397). FL. "20, Messalla, better than Messala. KELLER on Hor. Ars, 371. Cf. Serm. I, 10, 85 and 6, 42 (HOLDER). Mettus and Mettius, not Metus, Metius (name of the Alban, cf. Liv. I, 23 5¢.). Mérros, Dionys. Cf. RITSCHL on Quint. I, 5, 12 in Rhein. Mus. XXui,602. Verg. Aen. VIII, 642 (RIBBECK). Mezentius, not Mezzentius. Br. 281 sg. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 453. mille, Plur. milia, better than millia. Br. 260 sg. 332. Cod. Veron. Livii, Ill, 13, 8; 20, 7, al.; V, 32,3. Fragm. Pal. XCI, p. 2, b. millia, milli- arius also occur, and are supported by inscriptions as well as by Mss, Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 429. Hor. (ed. HoL_pER-KELLER, II, p. 428). milliarium, Fast: Praen. Apr. 25; Fast. Amit. lun. 24. millies and milies, better than milliens, miliens. Br. 269. See above, § 17, II. miliens, Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 4, 13. minimus, not minumus. Br. 109, 111. See above, § 17, I. misceo, mixtus, better than mistus. -xt-, Hor. (ed. KELLER-HOLDER). Verg. Aen. VII, 661 (RIBBECK). Sall. Iug. 57,5. Cic. Tusc. V, 15, 45. Cf. admixtis, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 57,9. permixtus, Verg. Aen. X, 238, where the Veronian palimpsest reads permis(tus).
nemeed ~— 7 ro
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 107
moles. See above, § 15, 3. monumentum and monimentum. The first form is the more usual.
Br. 108, 119. OSANN (p. 181) on Cic. de Re p. II, 14, 26. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 10,6 (monum-). RIB- BECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 450. Hor. Carm. I, 2, 15; III, 30, 1 (KELLER) ; Serm. I, 8, 13 (HOLDER).
Mucius, not Mutius.
On the bad spelling (with the ¢) of Mss., see ELLENDT on Cic, de Or. I, 23, § 105; 25,§ 113. Cf. the Register of Names of the Corp. Zus. Lat.
micus and miiccus.
Catull. 23, 17. muccus, Plaut. Most. 1109 (RITSCHL).
muletrum, not multrum.’*
Hor. Epod. 16, 49 (KELLER).
multa, not mulcta.,
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 586. Cf OSANN (p. 171 sg.) on
Cic. de Re p. II, 9, 16. multaticius. Seeabove, § 6, I. multo,-are, not mulcto.
Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 67, 5.
multotiens, better than multoties. Br. 269. See above, § 17, II. mundities, munditia, not mundicies,-cia. Hor, Carm. I, 5, 5; Epist. II, 1, 159 (KELLER). Br. 218. murena, not muraena. Hor. Serm. II, 8, 42 (HOLDER). murra is the Latin form for wvppa, not myrrha.
E. g. Verg. Aen. XII, 100 (RIBBECK). So murreus, Hor. Carm. III, 14, 22 (KELLER). Fluor-spar is also called murra, not myrrha, murrha.
108 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
murreus, v. murra. murtetum and myrtetum.
Hor. Epist. I, 15, 5 (KELLER). Cf. Verg. Georg. II, 112 (RIBBECK).
myrrha, myrrheus, w~ murra. myrteus, vu. myrtus. myrtum, not murtum.
Br. 204. Cf. Verg. Georg. I, 306 (RIBBECK).
myrtus, not murtus; so, myrteus.
In the Augustan age, the genuine Latin spelling murt- was in a measure supplanted by the Greekish myrtus (uvpros), without the former being altogether discarded. Cf. Verg. Aen. VI, 443 (RIBBECK), and Prol. in Verg. P: 453-
nae,v ne, naenia, v. nenia. namque, not nanque. Br. 265. E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 3, 36 (HOLDER), al. Cf. Corp. Ins. Lat. Il, 1293, 5. nanciscor, nactus, better than nanctus. Br. 270. Cic. de Re p. I, 9, 14; 10, 16 (OSANN, P- 43). Cod. Veron, Livii, III, 64,6. nanctus, Fragut. Vat. Sall. IIL b, 10 (Hermes, V, 404). RiBBEcK, Prol. in Verg. p. 434. Hor. Carm. III, 11, 41; Epist. I, 15, 38 (KELLER). narratio, narrare, not hariive, narare. Br. 272. Cf. OSANN (p. 26) on Cic.-de Re p. I, 4, 8. narus and (oftener) gnarus. Cicero, Or. 47, 158, regards narus as the true form. In Ciceronian Mss., gnarus is found. E. g. Cic. Or.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 109
4,14. Brut. 64, 228. Cf. OSANN (p. 297 sg.) on Cic. de Re p. III, 35, 47. Br. 272. natus, vu gnatus. naviter, v.navus. nausea and nausia. KELLER on Hor. Epod. 9, 35. navus, better than the older form gnavus.
Hor. Epist. I, 1, 24; 6, 20; 18,90 (KELLER). OSANN (p. 298) on Cic. de Re p. III, 35, 47.
ne, particle of affirmation, not nae.
Lambinus, as early as his day, observed : “ omnes libri veteres habent hanc particulam sine diphthongo scrip- tam.” — Cic. ed. Tur. (2d), II, 2, p. 1173 (BAITER).
neglegentia, not negligentia; neglego, not negligo; neglego better Mor nec- lego.
BR. 145,214. FL. 19. OSANN (p. 312) on Cic. de Re p. IV, 1,1. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 12, 7; 22,4; V, 8, 2; 46,33 51, 4,7-
negotior, negotiator, not negocior; negotium, not negocium; like otium. 'E, g. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 44, 5; 51, 10; V, 8, 3. Cic. de Re p. I, 18, 30. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 587. nemorensis, better than nemoresis. BR. 332. . nenia, not naenia. Hor. Carm. II, 1, 38; 20, 21; III, 28, 16; Epod. 17, 29; Epist. I, 1, 63 (KELLER). Cic. de Leg. II, 64, 62. nequiquam, better than nequicquam (which i is also cor- rect). RIBBECK, Prol, in Verg. p. 436. Hor. Carm. I, 3, 21;
IIo LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
15, 13 and 16, where KELLER writes nequiquam. Cf. Serm. II, 7, 27; Epist. I, 3, 32 (HOLDER-KELLER). Sall. Cat. 20, 2, nequiquam (DIETSCH; cf. also vol. II, p- 284). Cod. Veron. Livii has nequiquam, IV, 25, 8; 55, 5, 8; 56, 10; V, 6,10; 7, 3; but necquic(quam), IV, 12,3; 25, 9. Cf. NEuUE, Lat. Formenl. II, 642 sy. RITSCHL, eue Plaut. Excurse, 1, 57 sq.
ningo, not ninguo.
BR. 129.
nitor, nisus and nixus.
Priscian considers nisus as regular, but allows nixus also in X, 48 (HERTz, I, p. 537; cf. IX, 18, I, p. 461). Diomedes insists on nisus ; ‘‘ sed veteres (e. g. Vergilius) immutantes nixus declinant.” He distinguishes between enisus, “to strive,” and enixus, “to bear,” “to bring forth” (as children, etc.). nixus, e. g. Cic. in Verr. II, 5, 33, § 86, = Quintil. IX, 4, 104. Verg. Aen, X, 736; XII, 398. The substantive has likewise both forms; nisus, Cic. de Deor. Nat. II, 45, 117; nixus, Verg. Georg. IV, 199. -x- and -s-, Aen. III, 37 (Rib- BECK).
nomisma, not numisma (vduicoua).
Hor. Epist. II, 1, 234 (KELLER).
nongenti, not noncenti.
BR. 214.
nonnunquam, like nunquam. nosco, not the archaic gnosco. novendialis and novemdialis.
KELLER on Hor. Epod. 17, 48.
Novensides and Novensiles. Br. 250 sg.
SS ~3
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. III
novicius. See above, § 6, I. nubes, not nubis in the Nom. Sing.
Br. 147, 149. See above, § 15, 3.
nubo, nupsi, nuptum.
Br. 243, 247. See above, § 7, I, 3.
nummus, not numus.
Hor. Serm. I, 1, 67, 73, 96; 2, 133, al. (HOLDER, II, p. 434). Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 52, § 137. FL. 21.
nuncius, v. nuntius. nunquam and numquam.
Both forms were used ; the first was preferred in the grammar of the Empire. Br. 264 5g. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 4, § 13. The Cod. Vat. Cic. de Re p. has numquam (see OSANN, p. 141); also the Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 63, 9. Hor. ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 274 ; IT, p. 434.
nunguis, numquis (like nunquam), or num quis.
Br. 265. E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 2, 69; 4, 136; 9, 6 (HOLDER).
nuntio, not nuncio. nuntius, not nuncius.
Cic. de Re p. I, 10, 15. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 38, 4. Hor. Carm. I, 10, 6, al. (KELLER). FL. 21. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 587.
Oo.
obedio, v. oboedio. obedo, obesus, better than obéssus. The last form is found in,Vergilian Mss. (RIBBECK,
112 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Prol. in Verg. p. 445). Cf. Hor. Epod. 12, 3; Epist. I, 15, 40 (KELLER). obicio, better than obiicio. See above, § 20, II. obliquus. See above, § 4. oboedio, not obedio. Cic. de Re p. III, 19, 41 (OSANN, p. 291). Sall. Cat. 1, 1 (DIETSCH). Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 26, 12; V, 3, 8. FL. 22. obp-, wv oppeto. obscenus, better than obscaenus; notobscoenus. The original form was obscaenus ; it is derived from ob(s) and caenum (“filth”). ‘obscenus ab obs et canendo vel caeno vel dé Tod xowod, unde inquino” (Priscian, IX, 54 = Hertz, I, p. 489). The Varronian derivative, obscaena (de L. L., VII, 96),also favors the ae. But the weakening of ae into ¢ occurred in obscae- nus as in caenum, and in the former word this took place earlier and was more general (see caenum, above). Rhein. Mus. 1, 445 (new series). Horatian Mss. invariably have obscenus. Epod.5, 98; Serm. I, 2, 26; 8, 5; Epist. II, 1, 127 (KELLER-HOLDER). So, Verg. Georg. I, 470; Aen. 1V, 455 (RIBBECK). Tac. Ann. XV, 37. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 59, § 242. obscurus, not opscurus. See above, § 7, I, 2. observo, like obscurus. obses, like obscurus. opses, BR. 331. obsideo, like obscurus. opsideo, Br. 305, Rem. obsidio, v. obsideo. opsidio, BR. 305, Rem, and 331.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. IIl3
obsonium and opsonium (dy~wnor). obsonare (- ari) and opsonari (dpwveiv). Hor. Serm. I, 2,9; II, 2, 41; 7, 106 (HOLDER, who prefers obs-). . obstipesco, obstipui, better than obstupesco. obstip-, RIBBECK, Pro/. iz Verg. pp. 451, 390 (Aen. II, 774; V, 404). There is manuscript authority for z and win Cic. de Div. II, 23, 50, where obstup- is given by Codd. Voss. 86; Vindob. 182 (corrected reading). ob- stup-, Cic. ad Att. V, 21, 7. obsto, not opsto. ~ ~Br. 244,296. See.above, § 7, I, 2. obtempero, not optempero. BR. 295 sqg-, 333. See above,§7,I, 2. opt-, Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 47, § 124. obtineo, not optineo. Br. 247. See above, § 7, I, 2 (cf. Corp. Zns. Lat. I, p- 588). odiosus, not odiossus.
Br. 275. Cf. formosus, and see above, § 9, III. oder, not odos. Cf. BR. 109.
offero, obtuli, not optuli. See above, § 7, I, 2. olitor, v. holitor. olus, v holus. onero (‘to load”), not honero; like onus, onus- tus. Hor. Serm. I, 10, 10; Epist. I, 18, 46 (HOLDER- KELLER). onus, not honus; like onustus. Hor. Carm. I, 9, 2; Serm. I, 6, 99, 106; 9, 21, al.
8
II4 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
(KELLER-HOLDER). Cf. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 2, 55, § 138. Gellius, II, 3. onustus, not honustus.
Verg. Aen. I, 289 (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 421). Hor. Serm. I, 1, 47; II, 2,77; Epist. I, 7, 18 (HOLDER- KELLER). Cf. onus.
opilio, better than upilio. Br. 86 sg. Cf. RrpBeck, Prol. in Verg. p. 437. oppeto, oppono, and compounds of like kind, not Oo b p “*e See above, § 20, I, 8. optimus, not the more ancient optumus. BR. 108, 116, 321. Orcus, not Orchus.
Br. 288, 292. Cf. Hor. Carm. I, 28, 10, al. (KELLER,
vol. I, p. 275). ordeum, vw hordeum. Orichalcum (“yellow copper”), not aurichalcum.
Verg. Aen. XII, 87. Hor. Ars, 202. Cicero wrote orichaleum (De Off. III, 23, 92). Plautus (Mil. 660, Ps. 688, ed. RITSCHL) and late Latinists have the form auri- chalcum with a play upon aurum. Cf. OSANN (p. 279) on Cic. de Re p. III, 19, 29.
ostium, not osteum. Br. 136. Otho, not Oto.
Br. 287, 290. Hor. Epod. 4, 16 (Keres:
otiari, like otium.
Hor, Serm. I, 6, 128 (HOLDER). Cf. otium.
otiosus,
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX, 115
otium, not ocium, ociosus. Ced. Veron. Livii, III, 30, 1 ; 31, 1, al. Cic. de Re p. I, 1,1; 4, 7, al. Hor. (ed. KELLER-HOLDER, I, p. 275, al.). FL. 23,
P.
paedor, paedidus, better than ped-. FLECKEISEN, Jahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 83, p. 574-
paelex, better than pelex; not pellex.
Hor. Carm. III, 10, 15 ; 27, 66. Epod. 3, 133 5, 70 (KELLER). Quintil. III, 10, 6 (HALM). Cf. BR. 205 $q., 263. paelicatus, Cic. pro Scauro, 6 (Cod. Ambros., Auct. Class. II, 292). FL. 23.
Paeligni, not.Peligni.
Hor. Carm. III, 19,8; Epod. 17, 60 (KELLER). HALM on Cic. in Vatin. ed. 2, Tur. II, 2, p.999. Cf. Br. 206. FL. 24. Jahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 85, p. 110.
paene, not pene nor poene,
Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, 1009. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 3, § 10. Cic. de Re p. I, 4,73 7, 12; 15, 23; II, 20, 35 (OSANN, p. 193). Hor. Carm. II, 13, 21 al.; Serm. I, 2, 101; 5, 72; Epist. I, 10, 3 al. (HOLDER-KELLER).
paenitet, not poenitet.
OSANN (p. 302) on Cic. de Re p. IIT, 35, 47. MAI on Cic. pro Tullio, 7 (Azct. Class. II, p. 338). Hor. Carm. III, 24, 50; Epod. 11, 8 (KELLER); Serm. I, 2, 77; 6, 89 (HOLDER). pen-, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 67, 5; IV, 58, 10; V, 27, 14.
paenula, not penula. Hor. Epist. I, 11, 18 (KELLER). FL. 24. Cf. Br. 205
Sq.
116 _ LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
paenulatus, paenularius, like paenula. paetus, not petus. Hor. Serm. I, 3, 45 (HOLDER). So also the proper name, e. g. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 258. Palilia, v. Parilia. pallium, not palleum. BR. 136 5g., 193 sg. palumbes, better than palumbis in the Nomin. Sing. Br. 147, 148. See above, § 15, 3 pando, pandi, passum, not pansum.’ Br. 268. E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 8, 24 (HOLDER). Panhormus, Panhormitani, better than Panor- mus. SCHNEIDER, Gramm. I, 192. Cic. in Verr. II, 2, 26, § 63 (ZuMmPT) ; 49, § 120 al. 7 Parilia and Palilia. The first form was preferred in the grammar of the Empire. Br. 258. Parnasus, Parnasius, not Parnass-. RIBBECK, fvol. in Verg. p. 444. parricida, parricidium, better than the old form pari- cida, paricidum; not patricid-. -rr-, Hor. Carm. III, 29, 8(KELLER). Cic. pro Mil. 7, 17; pro S. Rosc, 25, 70; in Verr. II, 5, 66, § 169; pro Sest. 52, 111, al. Quintil. VII, 2, 2. Priscian, I, 33 (= Hervz, I, p. 26), explicitly attests the vr. The form paricida is archaic; cf. Festus Pauli, s. v. parrici(di) quaestores (MULLER, p. 221). paricida, Sall. Cat. 14, 3 ; 31,8; 51, 253 52, 31; Hist..1T, 41,-3, (DIETSCH). a. OR. 5497. parvulus, not parvolus. See above, § 4.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. I1l7
patricius, not patritius. Br. 218 sg. See above, § 6, I.
paulatim, like paulus. RipsBeEck, Prol. in Verg. p. 429. Hor. Epist. II, 1, 46 ; 2, 164 (KELLER). paulisper, like paulus.
Paullus and (less good) Paulus (proper name).
Br. 262, 332. Cf. Hor. Carm. I, 12, 38; IV, 1, 10
(IKELLER).
paululum, like paulus.
paulus was preferred in the grammars to paullus, which is also theoretically correct.
Br. 262. R1isseck, Prol. in Verg. p. 429. Hor. (ed. HoLpeEr-KELLER, I, p. 277; II, p. 439). Cic. de Or. I. 14, § 61; 22, § 99; II, 34, § 150 al. (ELLENDT). Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 46, § 120. The Cod. Veron. Livii has paulus.
pedetentim and pedetemptim.
Analogous to tentare, temptare. Cf, ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 21, § 97. Cornif. ad Herenn. I, 6, 9 (KAYSER, p- 10,1). Quintil. V, 7, 20 (HALM).
pedisequus, not pedissequus.
Br. 95. Cic. de Or. I, 55, § 236 (ELLENDT).
peiero, better than peiuro, not periuro.
Hor. Serm. II, 3, 127 (HOLDER); cf. peiero, e. g. Carm. II, 8, 1 (KELLER). On periero, see Fahrd. fir Phil. vol. 91, p. 227.
peiurus, v. periurus. pelex, pellex, uw paelex. Peligni, v Paeligni.
118 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
penarius (from penus), not pinarius. BR. 141. pene, v. paene, “pennas avium (‘feathers, wings’), pinnas muro- rum (‘pinnacles, battlements’) dicimus,”’
This dictum of the old grammar we have to retain, although the distinction is neither etymologically sound, nor is it always practically true. Cf. bipennis. Quintil. I, 4,12. Br.142 sg. RIBBECK, Prol. iz Verg. p. 441 sg. ; particularly, Aen. VI, 15. pinna is preferred by KELLER, Hor. Epist. I, 20, 21; II, 2,50; and in Carm. II, 2,7 al. (vol. I, p. 278.). Corp. Jns. Lat. I, 1463.
penula, v. paenula. penuria, not paenuria.
Hor. Serm. I, 1,98 (HOLDER). Jlonum. Ancyr. I, 33. paenuria, Sall. Iug. 48, 4 (Cod. Par. Sorb. 500 ; DIETSCH, vol. II, ‘p. 298).
percontatio and percontator, not percunctatio.
See percontor. -
Cic. de Or. II, 80, § 327 (ELLENDT). Hor. Epist. I, 18, 69 (KELLER).
percontor, better than percunctor.
Cic. de Or. I, 21, § 97 al. (ELLENDT). Sall. Cat. 40, 2 (DietscH). Hor. Serm. I, 6,112, al. (HOLDER, vol. II, Pp. 440). (per)cunctatus, Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 32, 8. Rhein. Mus. VIII, 226.
percrebresco, not percrebesco.
Cod. Vat. Cic. Verr. II, 2, 23, § 56 (after HALM, 2d ed. Tur. II, 1, p. 454). Cf. Zumpr on Cic. Divin. 4, 12.
peredo, peresus, better than Ret haens-
Like adedo, obedo.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 119
peregre and peregri; the latter only in the signification, * abroad.”
RIBBECK, fartikel, p. 2. BUCHELER, Rhein, Mus.
XV, 444. perennis, not peremnis.
Cic. de Re p. VI, 23, 25 (OSANN, p. 406).
periuro, v. peiero. periurus and peiurus.
Hor.s Carm. I) 35, 26; 211,°3,.27 3.11, 349 24,559 (KELLER); Serm. II, 3, 164; 5,15 (HOLDER). hein. Mus. XXI, 588.
perlego, not pellego nor pelligo.
Assimilation occurs, so too does the umlaut (pelligo), but we must regard perlego as the regular form of im- perial times. Br. 145. Cf. Verg. Aen. VI, 34 (Rib- BECK). Corp. Zns. Lat. I, p. 589.
perluceo, not pelluc-. Like perlego. pernicies, not pernities, nor pernecies.
Cf. Sall. Cat. 18, 7(DIETSCH). Cod. Veron. Livii, 1V, 25,4. Hor. Carm. II, 13, 4; III, 5, 16; Serm. I, 4, 130; Epist. I, 15, 31 (HOLDER-KELLER).
“pertaesus, not pertisus. ’ E. g. Livy, III, 67,7 (Cod. Veron.). pessimus, not the more ancient pessumus. Br. 118. petorritum, not petoritum.
Hor. Serm. I, 6, 104; Epist. II, 1, 192 (HOLDER-
KELLER). Cf. Fahrd. fiir Phil. vol. 93, p. 167. Phraates, Phrates, and Phrahates.
Phraates, Hor. Epist. I, 12,27 (KELLER). Phrahates,
Carm. II, 2,17 (2.). Phrates, Monum. Ancyr.
I20 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
pigneraticius, not -itius.
Br. 219. See above, § 6, I.
pignus, Gen. pignoris and pigneris.
Br. 104. Cf. Cic. de Or. III, 1,§ 4 (ELLENDT). pig- nora Augustus, AZonum. Ancyr. VI, 5.
pilleus, pilleum, not pileus, pileum. FL. 25. Cf. pilleolus. pilleolus, not pileolus.
Hor. Epist. I, 13, 15 (KELLER). Cf. pilleus. pinna, v. penna. plausor, better than plosor.
Hor. Epist. II, 2, 130. The reading varies in the Ars, 154 (KELLER).
plaustrum, not plostrum.
Br. 206. Cic. in Verr. I, 20, §3 (ZuUMPT). Cod. Veron, Livii, V, 40, 9. plostra, Hor. Serm. I, 6, 42 (HOLDER, in loc.). Corp. Jus. Lat. 1, p. 590.
plebeius, Gen. plebei, better than ple beii; Nom. Plur. plebei, Dat. and Abl. plebeis, better than ple- beii, plebeiis.
E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 25, 11; 56,33 V, 2, 13-_ See above, § 14, 2. : plebes, collateral form of plebs, not plebis in the
Nom. Sing.
Br. 147, 148 E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 18, 11.
plebs, not pleps.
BR. 242, 246, 331. Cf. Hor. Epist. I, 1, 59 (KELLER). © Cod. Veron. Livii reads plebs, III, 21, 4; 29, 8 al; pleps, IV, 7,83 54, 8.
poenio, vw punire. poenitet, vu paenitet.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. I2I
polenta, not pulenta.,
Br. 82.
Pollio, better than Polio.
Br. 260. Cf. RiBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 429. Hor. Carm. II, 1, 14 (KELLER) ; Serm. I, 10, 42, 85 (HOLDER).
Polycletus and Polyclitus.
OTTO as quoted by OSANN (p. 467 sg.) on Cic. de Re p.
See above, § 5, 2. pomeridianus, wv. postmeridianus. pomerium, not pomoerium.
Br. 330. Cf. RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 551 Rem. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 52, 15.
Pomptinus, not Pontinus. Cic. de Or. II, 71, § 290 (ELLENDT). Cf. the names of the tribes in inscriptions. pontifex, not the older form pontufex, Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 590. Poplicola, vu. Publicola. Porcius, not Portius.
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 590. See above, § 6, I.
porphyreticus, not purpureticus.
Br. 204. The latter is formed after the analogy of the common word purpura = roppipa. Cf. KELLER on Hor. Carm. IV, 1, 10. FLECKEISEN, Jahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 93, p. II.
Porsenna and Porsena, with the collateral form Porsinna, Porsina.
Porsenna, Verg. Aen. VIII, 646 (RIBBECK). Florus, I, 4,10 (HALM). Porséna, Hor. Epod. 16, 4 (KELLER) ; cf. LACHMANN, 77 Lucr. p. 37. On Porsinna and Por- sina, cf. WEISSENBORN, Liv. II, 9. .
I22 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Portunus, not Portumnus. Fast. Vall., Amit. August. 17 (three times).
postmeridianus and posmeridianus. On the first form, see ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. III, 5, § 17; on the second, RITSCHL, Opfusc. II, 549 (on Cic. Or. 47,157), On pomeridianus,v. post meri- diem.
post meridiem, not the apocopated po meridiem. The latter form is mentioned by Quintilian (IX, 4, 39) as a peculiarity of an older date. But Quintilian makes no reference to the passage in Cic. de Or. 47, 157, and his language cannot, therefore, be regarded as establishing a Ciceronian pomeridianus instead of postmeridianus (or posmeridianus),.
postquam, not posquam. On the form posquam, see RITSCHL, Ofzsc. II, 548 sgy-, 772. Hor. Epist. I, 10, 37 (KELLER) ; cf. HOLDER on Serm. II, 3, 18, 171.
praeco, not praecho. Br. 282.
praegnans and praegnas, Gen. praeg nantis. Verg. Aen. VII, 320; X, 704 (RIBBECK). Hor, Carm. III. 27, 2 (KELLER). praesaepis, praesaepia, better than praesep-. Cf. saepio. FL. 28. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 446. Hor. Epist. I, 15, 28 (KELLER). praestolor, not praestulor. Br. 79.
praesum, praeest, praeeram, iaiioaion: praeero, not praest, etc. .
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 123
_ Like desum. Br. 325. Cf. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 51, 2,4, 10; V, 8,9, 12al. Fast. Praen., April. 28, praeverto, not praevorto,. Like verto. prehendo and prendo. Br. 286 sg. prelum, not praelum.
Hor. Carm. I, 20,9. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 385
SJ. prétium, not precium nor praetium.
Br. 328 (cf. 207). Hor. Serm. I, 2, 37 al. (HOLDER). MAI, Auct. Class. II, pp. 393, 399-
privilegium, not primilegium.
Br. 266.
pro (Interjection), not proh.
Hor. Carm. III, 5, 7 (KELLER).
proelium, not praelium.
Cf. Hor. Serm. IT, 7, 98 al. (Houpeer Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 61, 12; 62, 6 al.: on the contrary, 2d. 61, 2. fast. Cap., ann. 536. — Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, p. 435. Monum. Auncyr. IV, 43.
proicio, better than proiicio (see above, § 20, II).
Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, p. 591.
proles, not prolis in Nom. Sing.
Br. 147. See above, § 15, 3
promiscue, not promisce.
Br. 129 sg. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or, III, 19, § 72.
promo, prompsi, promptum.
Br, 248. E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, 1V, 22, 1; V, 3, I.
promunturium, not promontorium.
BRAMBACH, Rhein. Mus. XXIV, 536 sg.
pronuntiare, like nuntiare. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 15, § 66.
124 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
prooemium, not prohoemium nor prohemium. Cic. Verrin. II, 1, 43 § 111. Quintil. 1V, 1,2 (HALM): “prohoemium A(mbros.) B(amb. and Bern.) ut fere semper.” Quintilian derives the word from otu7 or oimos. Cf. BR. 207. prorsus, not the old forms prorsum, prosum., Cf. rursus. RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 263. prosus, Quin- til. XII, 10, 38 (HALM). BR. 273. proscaenium, not proscenium. Like scaena (RIBBECK, Prol. ix Verg. p. 387). Corp. Ins. Lat. Il, 183. protinus, better than protenus. Br. 141-143. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 43, 7. Cf. Rip- ECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 442. Hor. Carm. III, 3, 30; Serm. II, 5, 21; Epist. I, 12, 8; 18, 67 (HoLDER- KELLER). Quintil. 1V, 3, 5 (HALM). On protenus, z. RITSCHL, Opusc. II, 245. provincia, not provintia. Corp. fus. Lat. I, p. 591. proximus, not the more ancient proxumus. Br. 108 sg. Cf. 2b. 126, 280, 315. ptisanarium, v. tisanarium. Ptolomaeus, Ptolomais is the Latin form for IIroXe- patos, IIroNeuais. Cf. BR. 105. FLECKEISEN, Jahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 93, PP- 4, 5, 244; 20. vol. 95, pp. 22, 750. In careless pro- nunciation and in plebeian Latin; the P i360 fell away (Tolomaeus). Cf. tisanarium. pubes, better than pubis in the Nom. Sing. Br. 146, 149. See above, § 15, 3. Publicola; the older forms are Poplicola, Pupli- cola,
a any ct.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 125
Cf. OSANN (p. 217) on Cic. de Re p. II, 31, 53. Publ-, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 8, 2; VI, 1, 8 (cf. publicus). Pupl-, Hor. Serm. I, 10, 28 (HOLDER).
publicus, not the archaic forms poplicus, pu- plicus.
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 591. Cf. e. g. Cornif. ad Herenn. I, 12, 22 (KAYSER, p. 20, I).
pulcher, not pulcer.
Br. 287 sgg. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 424. Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 282; II, p. 446). Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 27, 12.
pulenta, v. polenta. punire, not the archaic poenire.
Cf. OSANN (p. 262) on.Cic. de Re p. ITI, 9; I5.
purpura, vw porphyre ticus. putesco and putresco.
Hor. Serm. II, 3, 119, 194 (HOLDER). Cic. de Fin, V, 13, 38 (MADVIG).
Pythagoréus, not Pythagoraeus; more modern is Pythagorius.
Cic. de Re p. I, 10, 16 (OSANN, p. 466). Cf. above,
§ 5, 2. j
Q.
Q. as an abbreviation, stands for the praenomen Quintus, which in republican times was spelled Quinctus. Like Quinctia, Quinctilis, etc. quadriduum, not quatriduum. FL. 25. (RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 265.) E. g. Sall. lug. 54, 1 (DiETScH). On the contrary, Fronto (ed. NABER, p. 281).
126 LATIN. ORTHOGRAPHY,
quadrupedans, quadrupes, and quadripedans, quadripes.
RIBBECK, Pvol, in Verg. p. 450.
quaero, quaesivi, quaesiisti, quaesisti, etc. See above, § 19, II. qualiscumque, like quicumque. quamquam and quanquam.
Br. 263, 265. Corp. “us. Lat. Il, ake 8. quamq-, Cod. Vat. Cic. de Re p. I, 4, 7; 44, 68 (OSANN, p. 141). Cod. Veron. Livii, lV, 12,8 al. Cf. Hor. Serm. I, 1, 24; II, 1, 23; 2,413; Epist. II, 1, 124 (HOLDER-KELLER — cf. vol. I, p. 282).
quanto opere and quantopere. .
ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 35, § 164. OSANN on Cic. de Re p. I, 8, 13; and see above, magnopere.
quatenus and quatinus.
Br. 141, 143. The manuscript readings in Horace rather favor quatenus (Serm. I, 1, 64; 3, 76; II, 4,57; Carm. III, 24, 30 — KELLER-HOLDER).
quattuor, better than quatuor.,
Br. 332. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. IT, 83, § 339. Fragm. Vat. Sall. Hist. I 2,20. OSANN (p. 258) on Cic. de Re p. III, 8, 12. Mat, Act. Class.. II, 389. Cod. Veron. Livii, lV, 27, 4. Fragm. Pal. Livii, XCI, p. 1 2. Hor. Serm. I, 3, 8 al. (HOLDER). JZonum. Ancyr. II, 17.
quem ad modum,quemadmodum, not quem- ammodum.
quemammodum in the Cod. Vat. Verrin, II, 1, 41, § 106, al.. The separation into three words is favored by ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 2, § 5.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 127
queo, quivi, etc. See above, § 19, II.
quiverit, Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 24, 9.
querela, better than querella.
Br. 259. “querella is favored by MAI, Auct. Class. II, 388, and by the Vergilian codices (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 429); also by KELLER (vol. I, p. 283) on Hor. Epist. I, 12, 3; Ars, 98.
querimonia, not queremonia.
Hor. Carm. I, 13, 19; II, 20, 22; III, 24, 33; Ars, 75 (KELLER).
quicquam, w quisquam.
quicquid, vw. quisquis.
quicumque, better than quicunque.
Br. 265. Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 284; II, p- 449). Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 12,6; 27, 3; 1V, 13, 3; 22,1. Corp. Jus. Lat. II, 1088, 4; 1094, 3, 10.
quidam, Accusative quendam, not quemdam. See above, § 9, II.
quidquam, vw quisquam.
quidquid,w. quisquis.
Quinctia, Quinctius, must be written in the names that are familiar to us from the history of the Roman Repub- lic; on the contrary, the family names familiar to us from the history of the Empire, have the more modern form Quintia, Quintius, along with the older Quinct-.
This rule is supported by Livian manuscript authority, for the old names are generally written by him with the ct, according to the Codex Veronensis, III, 12, 3, 8; 21, 8 al. LV, 8, 1; cf. onthe contrary, III, 12,2; 26,9; 26,11; IV, 7, 10; 17,10. Examples of the c¢ are to be found in Corp. /ns. Lat. I, p. 592. The form Quint- arose in
128 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
the last years of the Republic, and became very general under the Empire, without the older form being entirely . discarded; cf. RITSCHL, Zesserae, 34 ot ransactions of the Bavarian Academy, X, 324).
Quinctilis and Quintilis, name of the month.
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 592. RITscHL, Zesserae, 34 ( Zransact. Bav. Acad. X, 324) ; cf. Cic. de Re p. I, 16, 25. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 32, I.
Quinctilius and Quintilius.
Like Quinctilis and Quinctia.
Quinctus, see Q. as an abbreviation. Quintilianus, not Quinctilianus, name ofthe rhetorician.
Cf. RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 779; TZesserae, 34 ( Transact. Bav. Acad. X, 324). Quinct- from 39 A. D., HENZEN, Scavi, p. 6.
quisquam, neuter quicquam, better thanquidquam.
Br. 254. ELLENpDT on Cic. de Or. I, 8, § 30. OSANN (p. 99) on Cic. de Re p. I, 32, 48. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 27, 2 al.; V, 6, 11, 12; 33, 1. Fragm. Vai. Sall. IV a, 14 (Heveres, V, 405). Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 284; II, p. 450). Cf. quisquis.
quisque, quidque, not quicque.
ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 32, § 145 ; 35, § 162; cf. I,
8, § 30. quisquis, neuter quidquid and quicquid.
Br. 254. ELLENDr on Cic. de Or. I, 8, § 30. OSANN (p. 99) on Cic. de Re p. I, 32, 48. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 20, 6. quicquid is favored by the weight of Ms. authority in Horace (see the passages in HOLDER-KELLER, I, p- 284; II, p. 450). LACHMANN, zz Lucr. 340.
quom, vw cum.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 129
quor, v cur. quotannis, not quodannis.
The first form is in accordance with the old grammar ; quodannis occurs often besides in inscriptions and Mss. Cf. Rippeck, Prol. in Verg. p. 398.
quotidie, v. cottidie.
quotiens, better than quoties. Br. 269. See above, § 17,11. Corp. Jus. Lat. 1, p. 593- Cic. de Or. II, 30, § 130; 32, § 137 (ELLENDT). Cf. OSANN (p. 266) on Cic. de Re p. III, 10,17. Cic. Divin. in Caecilium, 14, 45 (ZUMPT, p. 31). RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 434. Hor. Carm. I, 5,5; IV, 2, 26 al. ; Epist. I, 18, 45, 104; IT, 1, 55 (KELLER).
quotienscumque, better than quotiescunque.
Like quotiens. Cic. de Or. I, 27, § 123 (ELLENDT). Cf. OSANN (p. 266) on Cic. de Re p. III, 10,17. Monum. Ancyr. IV, 28.
quum,v.cum.
raeda, better than reda; not rheda.
FL. 25. Fahrd. fiir Phil. vol. 85, p. 109. Hor. Serm.
I, 5, 86; II, 6, 42 (HOLDER). Raetia, Raeti, not Rhaet-.
Hor. Carm. IV, 4, 17; 14, 15 (KELLER) ; and in in- scriptions ; e. g. Corp. Jus. Rh. p. 385. HENZEN, Scavi, P- 75: |
recido, réccidi, better than recidi.
reccidi, e. g. Cic. de Re p. II, 8 (Mat, Auct. Class. I,
147; cf. OSANN, p. 478). Luc. MULLER, De re metr.
9
130 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
p. 361. The Funeral Oration on Turia* (I, 15) gives reccidisse. Cf. refero, reperio, repello.
recipero and recupero; the first form is preferable to the second.
Br. 321. recuperandae, Sall. Iug. 29; 3. recipera- tum, Liv. III, 18, 10; V, 51, 3; together with recupe- rare, V, 49, 3; recuperata, V, 51, 3; VI, 2, 5 (Cod. Veron.). reciperas, Cic. Ep.ad Fam. VI, 10, 1 (Palimps. Taur.). Corp. L[ns. Lat. 1, p. 593. Monum. Ancyr. V, 34.
redarguo, not the archaic rederguo.
BR. 77.
redemptor, not redemtor; v.redimo.
E. g. Hor. Carm. ITI, 1, 35 ; Epist. II, 2, 72 (KELLER).
Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 593- redeo, redii,etc. See above, § 19, II.
redimo, redemi, redemptum. Br. 248 sg. Corp. Lus. Lat. I, p. 593.
réduco, not redduco.
Cf. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 294; 2d. 191 (HOLDER). Luc.
MULLER, De ve metr. p. 362. refero, rettuli, not rétuli (the former being the favorite form in Mss.).
Corp. Ins. Lat. gives ¢tand z#, I, p. 593. rettulit, Acé. Triump. ann. 532 (2. p. 458); HENZEN, Scavz, p. 42 5g. 5 Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 61, 11; 68, 5; IV, 17,8; V; 20, 2; together with retul-, 2. III, 43,6; IV, 34, 6. Cf, ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 25, § 100. OSANN (p. 478) on Cic. de Re p. KELLER on Hor. Carm. II, 1, 28.
_ Luc. MULLER, De re metr. p. 361. * This oration was published by THEODOR MommseEN in the Transactions of the Berlin Academy, 1863. — TR.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 131
Regium, not Rhegium. Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, p. 593. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 2, 22, § 54; 23, § 55, 56; cf. Mat, Azct. Class. II, p. 416; ZuMPT, in Verr. p. 981." FL. 26. reicio, better than reiicio. See above, § 20, II. E. g. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 2, 24, § 59; 25, § 61. (MAI, Aucé. Class. II, p. 458.) BR. 201, Rem. religio, not relligio. Cic. de Re p. I, 2, 2; 15, 23, 24. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, I, 46, § 120. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 50, 1, 73 51, 43 52, 10 al. Cf. 2. V, 40, 10. Luc. MULLER, De re metr. p. 361. religiosus, like re 1i igio. relinquo, Third Pers. Plur. relinquunt, not relin- cunt, or relinquont. See above, § 6, II; § 19, I. relincunt, Cod. Veron, Livii, ITI, 63, 4. reliquiae, better than relliquiae. Cf.reliquus. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 1009, 1016 ; relliquiae, 7b. 1051. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 430 (Aen. I, 30). Luc. MUuLer, De re metr. p. 361. reliquus, not rellicuus, relicuus. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, 206, 151; IV, 1668. Zab. Malac. 63. Cic. de Re p. I, 4, 7; II, 11, 12. Sall. Fragm. Vat. Hist. I a, 12. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 6, 153 40, 13 Fragm. Pal. XCI, 2 6. reliqus, Fragm. Vat. Cic. pro Rab. 1 (Mat, Awct. Class. II, p. 370). relicus, Fragm. Med. Cic. pro Flacco, 11 (MAI, 2. p. 8). Fragm. Taur. Ep, ad Fam. VI, 9, 2. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 21, 1. Cf. LACHMANN, 77 Lucr, p. 305. renuntio, w nuntio.
132 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
repello, reppuli, not repuli. reperio, repperi, not reperi.
Like refero, rettuli. IELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 25, § 100. Luc. MULLER, De re metr.p. 361. Cf, repperies in Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 42, § 109.
reprehendo and reprendo.
Br. 286. Cf. Cod. Vat. Verrin. II, 1, 42, § 108. Cic. de Re p. IV, 5,5 (OSANN). Examples from Horace, ed. KELLER-HOLDER, II, p. 453.
res publica, not to be written together respub- lica.
Cf. OSANN (p. 14) on Cic. de Re p. I, 3, 4. The special meaning “state” requires no distinction in the way of writing the word.
reses, not resis in the Nom. Sing.
BR. 147. restinguo, not restingo.
E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 5, 76 (HOLDER). retracto, not retrecto.
RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 387. revertor, not revortor; like verto. Rhegium, v. Regium. rhombus, not rombus.
Hor. Epod. 2, 50 (KELLER) ; Serm. I, 2, 116; II, 2, 42, 48, 49, 95; 8, 30 (HOLDER).
Riphaei, not Ripaei.
RiBBECK, rol. in Verg. pp. 424, 425. robigo, not rubigo.
Br. 85 sg. Hor, Carm. III, 23, 7 (KELLER) ; Serm. Il, 1, 43 (HOLDER).
_
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 133
robur, roboris, not robor. Br. 84; cf. 7d. 4,45. RiBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 437 sq. rotundus, not the collateral form rutundus. rutundus arose through regular vowel change, but was probably peculiar to the prevailing plebeian speech. It is found, e. g. inthe Codd. Paris. 7900*° Emmer., Hor. Epist. I, 100; Monac. 14685, Hor. Ars. 323; Voss. 84, Vindob. 189 (prim. man.), Cic. de Deor. Nat. II, 46, 117. Cf. LACHMANN, zz Lucr. 96. rupes; see above, § 15, 3. rursum, rursus, not rusus, russus,. BR. 273, 332. Cf RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 444 sq.
Hor. Serm. I, 3, 28 ; II, 3, 268 al. (HOLDER). RITSCHL, Opusc. TI, 262 sg., 544.
Ss.
saeculum, not seculum. * F..27. In Mss., e. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 20, 5. Cic. de Re p. II, 10, 18; de Leg. I, 6, 19, and often. saepes, not sepes.
Fr, 28. Ms. authority in R1pBeck, Pro/. in Verg. p. 446. Cod. Veron. Livii, VI, 2, 10,11. Cf. saepio, and see above, § 15, 3.
saepio, saepsi, saeptum, not sep-.
FL. 28. In regard to Ms, authority, cf. OsANN (p. 88, where his decision is wrong) on Cic. de Re p. I, 26, 41. Cic. de Or. I, 9, § 36; 32, § 142 (ELLENDT). Sall. Hist. I, 41,15 (Dierscu). Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 19, 10; 44, 4; VI,2,9. Tac. Ann. XIV, 44. Examples from inscriptions in Cor. Jus. Lat. I, p. 594.
134 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
saeta, not seta. saetosus, not setosus.
E. g. Hor. Epod. 17, 15 (KELLER). Cf. RIBBECK,
Prol. in Verg. p. 414. saevio, not sevio. saevitia, not sevitia. saevus, not sevus.
Br. 204. Sev- is also found in manuscripts. Cf. Hor. Serm. I, 4, 49 al. (HOLDER). Tac. Ann. XIV, 45.
Sallentini, better than Salentini.
Verg. Aen. III, 400 (RIBBECK). Cic. pro S. Rosc,
46, 133 and elsewhere. Sallustius, not Salustius.
In inscriptions, e. g. Corp. Jus. Lat. 1V, p. 252.
sanguinolentus and sanguinulentus.
Sanguinol-, Cornificius ad Her. IV, 39, 51. Ovid. Her. 3, 50 al.; together with sanguinul-, Ov. Fast. IV, $44 al. Examples in CorssENn, Ausspr. II?, 145.
sarcio, sarsi, sartum; not sarsum.
Br. 276.
Sardanapallus, better than Sardanapdlus.
Cic. Tusc. V, 35, 101 (BAITER). Cf. OSANN (pp. 305, 510) on Cic. de Re p.
sario, better than sarrio. FLECKEISEN, Jahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 97, p. 212. sarisa, better than sarissa; so cdpica, jogs with cdpiooa.
cdpica, in Zhes. Gr. (ed. DINDORF) s. v. odpiocoa. FORCELLINI was the first to suggest the spelling sa- risa.
satrapea, better than the later form satrapia (carpa- meia). See above, § 5, 2
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 135
Curtius, V, 6, 44, where MUTZELL decides for satrapea (I, p. 394, = HEDICKE, p. 75, 31). satura and the later form satira, not satyra. satura, in Hor. Serm. II} 1, 1; 6,17 (HOLDER). Cf. Quint. IX, 2, 36; 3,9; X, I, 93, 95, where HALM reads satura. Iuvenal, I, 30. scabillum and scapillum. Br. 241. scaena, not scena (cxnv7). Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 594. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 387. Hor. (ed. HoLDER-KELLER, II, p. 456). EL- { LENDT decides incorrectly on Cic. de Or. II, 46, § 193. scaenicus, like scaena. sceptrum, not scaeptrum (cxjrrpor). E. g. Verg. Aen. IX, 9. Corp. Jus. Lat. IV, 1939. Cf. Br. 205. scida, not scheda (cxién). BR. 291. scribo, scripsi, scriptum, not scribsi, scrib- tum. See above, § 7, I, 3. scribti, e. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, ITI, 8, 4. scripulum, not scriptulum. Br. 256. sebum, not sevum. Br. 239. secius, vu. setius. sed, not set. BR. 253 sg. Cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 11, § 48. OSANN (p. 15) on Cic. de Re p. I, 3,4. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 38, 4; IV, 22, 3; 27,4, al. Cf. IV, 23, 3; V,
136 . LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
32, 7. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 398. Hor. Serm. I, 1, 27, al. (HOLDER). sedes, not sedis in the Nom. Sing. Br. 146-149. See above, § 15, 3 seiunx, not seiux. BR. 270. Seleucea and (more modern) Seleucia. OTTo as quoted in OSANN (p. 468) on Cic. de Re p. See above, § 5, 2 semestris, not semenstris, Like trimestris, E. g. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 206, 92, 102. semésus and seméssus. Verg. Aen. III, 244 (RIBBECK, Prol. ix Verg. p. 445). Hor. Serm. I, 3, 81; II, 6, 85 (HOLDER). semustus, better than semiustus. Verg. Aen. III, 578 ; V, 697; XI, 200 (RIBBECK, Pro. in Verg. p. 446). sepulcrum, better than sepulchrum. Br. 288 sg. Cf. Cic. de Or. I, 34, § 157 (ELLENDT). De Leg. II, 24,61 (VAHLEN, pp. 119-124). RIBBECK, Prol.in Verg. p. 424. HOLDER and KELLER write c# in Hor. (vol. I, p. 289; II, p. 457). Corp. Jus. Lat. I, P- 595- sequor, Third Pers. Plur. Pres. Indic. sequuntur; Perf. secutus. Not sequontur, sequutus, or secuntur. The latter form is frequent in good Mss. ; e. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 30, I. Hor. Serm. I, 6, 108, al. (HOLDER). See above, § 6, IL; § 19, I. servus, not servos (see above, § 4; § 14,1). sescenti, not sexcenti. sesc-, Monum. Ancyr. 1, 19; III, 25; Cod. Vat. Cic.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 137
de Re p. I, 37, 58 (ed. OSANN, p. 119). Cf. Mat, Auct. Class. II, p. 389. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 62, 8. RitTscHt, Opusc. II, 657. setius, not secius. Fi. 28. Rrippeck, Prol. in Verg. p. 446. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 595- sibilare,not sifilare.
Br. 240. E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 1, 66 (HOLDER). sibilus, not sifilus; wv. sibilare. simulacrum, not simulachrum.
ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 34, § 157. singillatim, not singulatim.
singillatim only is general, at least in standard writers.
FLECKEISEN (29) cites in proof, Cic. in Caec. Div. 15, 20 (cf. ZUMPT, p. 36). Cic. Verr. II, 3, 20, § 533 42, § I00 al. Siren, not Seren (Zecp7p). Br. 142. Cf. Hor. Serm., IT, 3, 14; Epist. I, 2, 23 (HoLDER-KELLER). sobrius, not sobreus, nor sober.
Br. 136, 85 sg. E. g. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 5 (HOLDER). sodalicius. See above, § 6, I. solacium, not solatium. '
E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 51, 1. FL. 30.. RIBBECK,
Prol. in Verg. p. 446. Corp. Ins. Lat. Il, 1094, 12. solea, not solia.
Br. 133. Cf. Hor. Serm. I, 3, 128 al. (HOLDER). solium, not soleum.
Br, 136 Sq. sollemnis; not sollennis, nor © sollompnde,
Sall. Cat. 22, 2 (DIETscH). Cod. Veron. Livii, III,
138 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY. ,
20,53; V, 50, 73 52, 11. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 235, XXIV. Verg. Aen. XII, 193 (RIBBECK). Hor. Carm. IV, 11. 17; Epist. I, 1, 1013 18,49; II, 3, 103. (KELLER). HENZEN, Scavi, p. 65. sollers, not solers. Sall. Iug. 96, 1 tha Hor. Carm. IV, 8,8; Ars, 407 (KELLER). sollertia, not solertia. ‘Like sollers. E. g. Sall. Iug. 7,7 (DIETSCH). sollicito, sollicitudo, not solicit-. E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 20, 8,al. Corp. Zns. Lat. I, 1008. somnulentus, better than somnolentus, is attested by Mss. of Appuleius and Solinus (CoRSSEN, Ausspr. II", 146). Cf. sanguinolentus, vinolentus, formi- dulosus. sonipes, not sonupes. Br. III. spatior, not spacior. spatium, not spacium. E. g. Corp. Zus. Lat. I, 1220. spondéus and spondius. Quint. I, 10, 32; IX, 4,97, 98, 102 (HALM). stellio, not stelio nor stillio. Br. 260. Cf. Rippeck, Prol. in Verg. p. 429. stillicidium, not stilicidium. LACHMANN, etian view is erroneous, gives Citations, in Luct. p. 33. stillio, v. stellio. stilus, not stylus. ; E. g. Hor. Serm. I, 10, 72; II, 1, 39 (HOLDER).
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 139
stlata (stlatarius), not sclata. BR. 214. stlis, vw. lis. strues. See above, § 15, 3. ‘ stuppa, stuppeus, not stupa nor stippa. Verg. Aen. V, 682 (RIBBECK, Pro/. in Verg. p. 451), al. suadela, not suadella. Br. 259 sg. Cf. Hor. Epist. I, 6, 38 (KELLER). subditicius. See above, § 6, I. subeo, subii, etc. See above, § 19, II. subf-, v.suff. subicio, better than subiicio. See above, § 20, II; cf. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 42, § 189. submergo and summergo. subministro and sumministro. submitto and summitto. submoveo and summoveo. submuto and summuto. See above, § 20, I, 10. Cic. Or. § 158. Cf. zd. § 93. Ripseck, Prol. in Verg. p. 389. suboles, not subolis, or soboles. Br. 147. See above, § 15, 3. Hor. Carm. III, 13, 8; IV, 3, 14; Carm. Saec. 17 (KELLER). Cic. Tusce. II, 10, 23 (BAITER, ed. Tur.). subrogo and surrogo. subr-, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 19,1, 2. See above, § 20, I, 10. subsicivus, not subsecivus. Cic. de Leg. I, 3,9; 4,13 al. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, 200, 66 (supsicivo).
I40 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY,
subsidium, not supsidium. See above, § 7, I, 2. E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 12, 4. ast. Praen. Apr. 24. subtemen, and subtegmen. The first is the usual form. Verg. Aen. III, 483 (RIBBECK). Hor. Epod. 13, 15 (KELLER). Corp. Jus. Lat. IV. 1507; Add. p. 208. © subter. See above, § 7, I, 2. subtilis, not suptilis. Hor. Serm. II, 7, 101; Epist. II, 1, 242; cf. Serm. II, 8, 38 (HOLDER-KELLER). Cic. de Leg. I, 4, 13 al. subtilitas, not suptilitas. supt-, Cic. de Re p.I, to, 16. succedo, succinctus, and like compounds. See above, § 20, I, ro. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol.in Verg. p. 389. succenseo, v. suscenseo. sucus, not succus. ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. II, 21, § 88; 22, § 93. Hor. Carm. ITT, 3, 35; 27, 54 (KELLER). Suebi, Suebicus, not Suev-. Br. 332. Monum. Ancyr. VI, 3- suffero, sufficio, suffodio, and like compounds, not subf-. See above, § 20, I, Io. Sulpicius, not Sulpitius. Cf. Cic. de Or. II, 23, § 96 sg. (ELLENDT). See above, § 6, I. sulpur and sulphur, not sulfur. sulpur is supported by the better Ms. tradition in
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. I4I
Vergil (RrpBEcK, Prol. in Verg. p. 424), Hor. Epist. I, 15, 7 (KELLER). Cf. Sall. Iug. 57, 5 (DIETSCH). Quin- til. I, 6, 22; XII, 10, 76 (HALM). sumo, sumpsi, sSumptum. Br. 248 sgq., 332. Cf. OSANN (p. 181 sg.) on Cic. de Re p. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 54,8. Hor. (ed. HOLDER and KELLER, I, p. 292 ; II, p. 463). eriale Cum., Corp. ins, Lat. I, p. 310. sumptus, not sumtus, vw. sumo, E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 4, 5. sipellex, not suppellex. superiacio, not superiicio. Cf. Verg. Aen. XI, 625. sup-p, not subp-. For instance, suppedito, not subpedito. See above, § 20, I, 10; e. g. Cic. de Leg. II, 27, 67, where the Cod. B. give -bp-. supplex, supplico, not supl-. supplicium, not suplicium. E. g. Monum. Ancyr. V,3; Cod. Veron. Livii, ITI, 19, 6. suppono, supporto, supprimo, and like compounds; see above, sup-p and § 20, I, fo. Cf. Rrppeck, Prol. in Verg. p. 389. Suria,w Syria. sursum, Sursus, not susum, susuUS. Br. 273. On the ending, cf. RITscHL, Opusc. II, 262. suscenseo, better than succenseo. Cic. Tusc. I, 41, § 99. Ter. Phorm. II, 3, 14. Plaut. Trin. 1164 (RITSCHL).
I42 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
suspicio, better than suspitio; the latter is probably an independent parallel formation from szsPic(7) tio. suspitio occurs in good Mss. along with suspicio, and since the length of the second syllable did not favor a direct derivation from suspicor, I formerly, with FLEcK- EISEN and others, put down the form suspitio as alone correct (Rhein. Mus. XXIV, 539). Yet suspicio is so well attested from atime in which the confusion of cz and ti before vowels had not yet gained ground, that either suspitio is incorrect, or two independent formations have arisen ; the first one direct from the c-stem SPIC, and the other from the supine stem SPIC-T. Cf, HAupt in Hermes, IV, 147. syllaba, not sillaba. Br. 126. Hor. Ars, 251 (KELLER). synodus and synhodus.
Without Z in Ammian XV, 7, 7; XXI, 16, 18. 2% arises as in Euodus, Euhodus, Euhemerus. Cf. Panhor- mus.
Syracosius, not Syracusius, Zvupaxdcws; but Syractisanus. Cic. de Or. ITI, 34, § 139 (ELLENDT) ; cf. 2. II, 13, § 57. Syria and Suria.
Both forms belong to the first century of the Empire. The form with y came in after the Augustan age, but did not entirely displace the form with z. For modern Latin writing, Syria is to be recommended as the more correct form.
T.
tabes, not tabis in the Nom. Sing. Br. 147. See above, § 15, 3.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX, 143
taeter, not teter; nor yet taetrus, tetrus. Cic. de Re p. II, 26, 48; III, 33, 45; cf OsANN (p. 95) on 2. I, 29, 45. Sall. Cat. 52, 13. Hor. Carm. III, 11, 19 (KELLER); Serm. I, 2, 33; 3, 1073 4, 60 (HoLDER). Br. 86. tanquam and tamquam. BR. 332, 263-265. Cf. Cic. de Re p. (ed. OsANN, p- 141 sgg.). Cod. Veron. Livii reads tanquam, IV, 15, 2; tamquam, III, 21,5; IV, 58, 10. Hor. (ed. HOLDER and KELLER, II, p. 464). tanto opere and tantopere. Like magno opere. tantundem, not tantumdem. Br. 265. Hor. Serm. II, 4,91 (HOLDER). Cf the same on Serm. I, 1, 52, 56; 3, 115; II, 3, 237. Tarracina, not Terracina. Sall. Cat. 46, 3. Cic. de Or. II, 59, § 240 (ELLENDT). Cf. RITSCHL, Ofusc. II, 540. tegmen and tegimen ; the latter in the Nom. and Accus. Sing. Quint. IX, 4, 4. Tac. Ann. II, 21. On tegimen, tegumen, cf. RIBBECK, Pro/, in Verg. p. 451. temno, not tempno, Perf. tempsi. Br. 248. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 441. Hor. Serm. I, 1, 116; II, 2, 38 (HOLDER). temperi (“timely ”’), comparative temperius, not tem- pori, temporius. RITSCHL in Suet, Vit. Terentii, 507-509 (Ofusc. IT, 257). tentare and temptare. Br. 249. Cic. de Or. I, 21, §97(ELLENDT). Cod. Vat. Verrin. reads tempt-, II, 2, 24, § 59. Cic. de Re p. II, 12,
144 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
”
23 (OSANN, p. 178). Sall. (DiEerscu, II, p. 378). Cod.
Veron Livii, V, 24,2. RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 441.
Hor. (ed. HOLDER and KELLER, I, p. 293 ; II. p. 464). Teresias and Tiresias, Tecpecias.
Hor. Serm, II, 5, 1 (HOLDER, who writes Ter-). See
above, § 5, 2. tergeo (tergo), tersi, tersum, not tertum. Br. 276, tesqua, not tesca. Hor. Epist. L. 14, 19 (KELLER). teter, vu. taeter. Thalia, better than Thalea.
Thalea was the form until the Augustan age ; Thalia came in during the first century after Christ. Cf. above, § 5, 2.
thesaurus, not thensaurus.
thensaurus is the more ancient form. Br. 266. Cf. Sall. Iug. 10, 4; 37, 43; 75, 1 (DIETSCH, who reads thens-). RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 434. Hor. Carm, III, 24, 2 (KELLER) ; Serm. II, 6, 11 (HOLDER).
Thrax and Thraex.
FL. 30. RiBBECK, £rol. in Verg. p.387. So Thraca, Thraeca, Thracius, Thraecius; Thraessa, Hor. Carm. III, 9, 9 (KELLER).
thus, w tus. Thyias, not Thyas. Verg. Aen. IV, 302 (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 428). Hor. Carm. II, 19,9; III, 15, 10 (KELLER). thynnus (@vos), not thunnus. . Hor. Serm. II, 5, 44 (HOLDER). tinea, not tinia. Br. 133. Cf. Hor. Epist. I, 20, 12 (KELLER).
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 145
tingo, not tinguo.
Br. 129. Cf. RIBBECK, Pro/. in Verg. p. 448. Hor. Carm. II, 14, 27 ; III, 23, 13; IV, 12,23 (KELLER, who writes tinguere).
tisanarium, not ptisanarium, in Hor. Serm. II, 3, 155 (HOLDER). Jahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 93, Pp. 244. tolerabilis, not tulerabilis; tolero, not tulero. Br. 83. Tolomaeus, vw Ptolomaeus. tondeo, totondi, tonsum, not tosum. Br. 268. torpedo, not turpido.
Br. 83, 145. Cf. OSANN (p. Io) on Cic. de Re p. I, 2, 2.
totiens, better than toties.
Br. 269; see above, § 17, II. Cf. Cic. de Or. II, 30, § 130; 32, § 137 (ELLENDT). Cic. Divin. in Caec. 14, 45 (ZumptT). Sall. lug. 106, 3 (DIETSCH). Cod. Veron. Livii reads totiens, III, 67, 5. RispBEeck, Prol. in Verg. p- 434. Hor. Carm. Saec. 23; Serm. IT, 3, 194; 7, 70; Epist. I, 1, 6 (HCLDER-KELLER).
trabs, not traps. BR. 243, 246. See above, § 15, 1. traiectus, not transiectus. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 34, 7. tralaticius, not tralatitius. See above, § 6, I. transicio and traicio, better than traiicio.
See above, § 20, I, 11; II. Liv. XXI, 47 extr.
transmitto and tramitto.
See above, § 20, I, 11. tramitto is the reading in Cic. de Re p. I, 3, 6.
Io \
146 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
transnare and tranare. . See above, § 20, I, 11. Hor. Serm. IT, 1,8 (HOLDER). Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 33, 11.
transversus, not transvorsus.
Like versus. The older form transvorsus is the read- ing, in Hor., Ars, 447 (KELLER).
Trasuménnus, Tarsuménnus, and Trasimén- nus are forms better attested than Trasumenus, Trasimenus.
RITSCHL in Rhein, Mus. XX, 603-605 (Opusc. II, 528, 540). HALM writes Trasumenus in Nepos, Han- nibal 4, 3.
tréceni, not triceni (=“ three hundred each”),
Br. 214. Monum. Ancyr. Ill, 7. Cf. Hor. Carm. II, 14, 5 (KELLER). tres, Accusative tres and tris. See above, § 15,7. Cf. Cod. Veron. Vivii, IV, 54, 4, 8; 55, 3. The Nominative tris is also found. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 56, 2. Cf. 2b. 59, 2. tribunicius, not tribunitius. Br. 218.. See above, § 6, I. triceni = “thirty each.” Cfitréceni. tricesimus and trigesimus; not-ensimus. NEUvE, Lat. Formeni. Il, 163. Cf. vicesimus, trimestris, not trimenstris. -ens-, in the rustic calendar, Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 358. Cf. semestris. tripartitus and tripertitus. Liv. XXIII, 16, 8 (ALSCHEFSKI).
triumpho,
triumphus, not triumpo, triumpus.
Br. 282, 287. Examples are to be found in Hor.,ed.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 147
KELLER and Hovper, I, p. 295... Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 63, 8, 9, 11, al. tropaeum and trophaeum.
FLECKEISEN, Jahrb. fiir Phil. vol. 101, p. 458 5g. tro- paea, according to KELLER, is the reading in Hor. Carm. II, 9, 19, of the Cod. Paris., A 1, Bern. tropea, Cod. Paris. ¢. v. m.; trophea in other places, 42. Cf. Tac. Ann. XV, 18, 1, where Cod. Med. reads tropea.
tundo, tutudi, tunsum and tusum.
Br. 268. RiBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 435; on tussus, cf. 2b. p. 445.
turma, not torma,
Br. 85. E. g. Hor. Epist. II, 1, 190 (KELLER).
tus, better than thus.
Br. 293. Cf. RrpBEcK, Prol. in Verg. pp. 122, 421. Hor. Carm. I, 19, 14, al. ; Serm. I, 5,99; Epist. I, 14, 23; Il, 1, 269 (HOLDER-KELLER). HENZEN, Scavi, P: 37 597:
tutela, not tutella.
Br. 259. Cic. de Or. I, 39, § 180 (ELLENDT) ; cf. 2. II, 46, § 193. Hor. Serm, II, 3, 218; Epist. I., 103; Carm. II, 17, 23, al. (HOLDER-KELLER).
V=u, Vv.
On the letters V, U, u, v, see above, § 2. vacatio (“ exemption,” “ immunity”), not vocatio. Br. 71, sg. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol.in Verg.p. 451. E.g. Cic. de Deor. Nat. I, 20, 53 (BAITER, p. 383, ed. Zur.). vacuus, not vocuus. Br. 71, 319 sg. Cf. Hor. (KELLER-HOLDRR, I, p. 296 3 II, p. 468).
148 _ LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
valetudo, not valitudo.
Hor. Serm. II, 2, 88; Epist. I, 4, 10, (HOLDER- KELLER). Monum. Ancyr. II, 19. Valetudo dea, Corp. Lins. Lat. I,.472.
vapor, not vapos. See above, § 15, 2. vates, not vatis in the Nom. Sing.
BR. 147 sgg. See above, § 15, 3.
vatillum, not batillum.
Hor. Serm. I, 5, 36 (HOLDER).
ubicumque, better than ubicunque.
Hor. Serm. I, 2, 62; Epist. I, 3, 34, and often (KELLER-HOLDER).
vehemens, better than vemens, not veehems.
Br. 285 sg. Cf. 2b. 283. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 21, 3, al. Cf. 2b. 19,4. On veemens, cf. Hor. Epist. I, 2, 28, 120 (KELLER).
vehes. Seeabove, § 15, 3. Vei, Veiorum, Veis, better than Veii, Veiis.
See above, § 14,3. Veis is the reading, Cod. Veron. Livii, V,; 4, 10; 46,4; V1, 4,5, Cf. beis, 7. V, 4, 1; 52,10. Velis, zd. V; 5, 10.
velut, not velud.
Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 34, 7; V, 28,3, al. Hor. Serm.
I, 6, 66; II, 1, 30 (HOLDER). venalicius, venalis, not vaen-,. venum do and venundo.
E. g. Sall. Iug. 91, 7. Cf. above, § 9, II.
venum eo, veneo, not vaen-.
E. g. Sall. Iug. 28, 1, and often. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p- 598.
Vergiliae, not Virgiliae, like Vergilius.
Fast. Venus. Mai, 7, Corp. dns. Lat. 1, p. 301.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 149
Vergilius is the name of the poet, and is to be so written in Latin, RirscuH1, Ofusc. II, 779 sgq-
Verginius, not Virginius. RITSCHL, Opusc. II, 780. E. g. Cod. Veron, Livii, III, II, 12, al.
verres. See above, § 15, 3.
verrucosus, not verrucossus. Br. 268.
versus (versum), not the older vorsus. BR. 101 sgg. Cf. verto, vorsus, vorsum in Sallust. The Participle versis occurs in Cod. Veron. Livii, ITT, 43, 6, al. Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 598.
vertex, not the older vortex. Bk. tor sg. Cf. RrpBeck, Prol. in Verg. p. 436 sq. Hor. Serm. I, 8, 6; Epist. II, 2, 4 (HOLDER-KELLER,
and vol. I, p. 297). Cf. verto.
verto, not vorto,like versus. Sallust has vorto.
OSANN (p. 442) on Cic, de Re p.. For examples from Horace, see in Ho_pER and KELLER, I, p. 297; II, p. 470. Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 58, 8, al.
vespere and vesperi.
Cic. ad Att. XI, 12,1; VII, 4,2. These and other examples are to be found in NEvE, Lat, Formenti. Il, 672.
vester, not the older voster.
Br. tor sgg. So too the writers of the Augustan age.
voster in Sallust. veto, -are, not the older and plebeian votare. Cf. Hor. Serm. I, 10, 56 (HOLDER).
150 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Veturia and Voturia. Br. tor. Cf. Veturius, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 8, 2. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 598. vicesimus, more usual than vigesimus; not vicen- simus. See above, § 9, III. vicensimum is the reading of Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 4, 12. Cf. Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. $98. NEvE, Lat. Formeni. II, 163.
victima, not the older victuma.
Cf. Fast. Praen. Jan. 17, Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p. 312.
HENZEN, Scavi, pp. 5, 37- vilicus, not villicus; but villa.
Sall. Iug. 85, 39. Cic. de Re p. I, 38, 59; V, 3, 5 (OSANN, p. 122). Cf. Mar on Cic. pro Tullio, 7 (Awez. Class. II, 338). Hor. Epist. I, 14, 1, 15;.15 2, 160 (KELLER). Corp. fis. Lat. I, 1305.
vinculum and vinclum.
ELLENDT on Cic. de Or. I, 45, § 194. OSANN on Cic. de Re p. I, 3, 5.
vinea, better than vinia.
BR. 133-135, 321. vinea in Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 5, 6; 7,2, al. Cf. the rustic calendar, Corp. Jus. Lat. I, p- 358, Febr. 11; Mart. 11 ; Dec. 12.
vinolentus, and, perhaps better, vinulentus. So vin- olentia and vinulentia.
Like sanguinolentus ; cf. formidulosus.
virectum, not viretum.
Verg. Aen. VI, 638 (RIBBECK).
Virgiliae, Virgilius, v. Vergiliae, Vergi- lius. Virginius, v. Verginius.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. I51I
vivo, vivunt, notvivont. Seeabove, § 4; §19,I. ulcus, not hulcus.
E. g. Verg. Georg. III, 454. The aspirated form was based upon the analogy of é\xos (FORCELLINI, 5. v.)
Ulixes, not Ulysses.
Br. 79. Cf. Hor. (ed. HOLDER and KELLER, vol. I, p. 299; II, p. 472.) ~ Cic. de Leg. I, 1, 2 (VAHLEN). Cornificius, I, r1, 18, and often (KAYSER).
umbilicus, not imbilicus.
BR. 123.
umerus, not humerus.
FL. 31. Cf. RipBEck, Prol. ix Verg. p. 421. Hor. Serm.’I, 5, 90, al. (HOLDER, vol. I, p. 299; II, p. 472.)
umidus, not humidus.
RrpBeck, Prol. in Verg. p. 421. Hor. Epod. 12, 1o (KELLER). CORSSEN, Ausspr. I?, p. 545. -
umor, not humor. Verg. Georg. I, 43, al. Hor. Carm, I, 12, 29; 13,6 (KELLER). Cf. umidus. unguen, unguentum, unguis, not ungen, Tkeawbin, ungis.
Br. 128 sg.; p. x. Cf..e. g. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 228 (HOLDER); Ars, 375 (KELLER, and vol. I, p. 299). Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p. 599. HENZEN, Scavi, p. 70.
unguo, un xi, and ungo.
Br. 127-129. Cf. RIBBECK, Prol.ix Verg. p. 448. Hor., ed. HOLDER-KELLER, II, p. 473.
universus, like adversus. unquam and umquam, like nunquam. Cf. Cic. de Or. I, 4, § 13 (ELLENDT). Cic. de Re p.
152 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
(OSANN, p. I41). umquam occurs in the Cod. Vat. Ver- rin.,and often in the Cod. Veron. Livii; together with unquam, Liv. III, 12,3. RipeEck, Prol. in Verg. p. 431. Hor.,ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 299; II, p. 473.
vocuus, % vacuus.
volaemus, a, um (volaema pira), not volemus.
Verg. Georg. II, 88 (RIBBECK).
Volcanus, not Vulcanus.
Br. 320. Hor. Carm. I, 4,8; III, 4, 59 (KELLER). Cf. Fast. Vall. Pinc. Aug. 23 ; Fast. Venus. Mai 23, Corp. Ins. Lat. 1, p. 298 sgg. HENZEN, Scavi, p. 87.
volgus,w vulgus. volnus, vw vulnus. volo, vult, vultis.
According to § 4, § 19, above. E. g. vultis in Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 21, 4; 67, 7.
volpes, v. vulpes. Volsci, Volscus, better than Vulsci.
In Cod. Veron. Livii, the prevailing form is Volsc-, yet Vulsc- is the reading, III, 57,8; 67, 11. Cf. Sall. Hist. III, 37 (D1ETsCH, II, p. 72). BR. 320. So
Volsiniensis, better than Vulsiniensis. Voltumna, better than Vultumna.
Cod. Veron. Livii, 1V, 23, 5; VI, 2, 2.
voltur, v. vultur. Volturnus, better than Vulturnus.
Volturnus was the form of the beginning of the Em- pire ; cf. Fast. Pinc., Pigh., Vall., Aug. 27, Corp. Ins. Lat. I, p.298 sgq.
voltus,v.vultus. voluntas, not volumtas.
ORTHOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 153
On volumtas, see MAI on Cic. Verrin. II, 1, 47, § 124 (= Auct. Class. II, p. 398).
vorsus, v. versus.
vortex, vw vertex.
vorto, wv. verto.
Vortumnus, better than Vertumnus.
Vortumnus was the form of the first years of the Empire. Cf. Hor. Serm. II, 7, 14; Epist. I, 20, 1, (HOLDER-KELLER). ust. Vall. Amit., Aug. 13, Corp. Lns. Lat. I, p. 320 sq.
voster, v. vester. Voturia, w~ Veturia. upilio, v opilio. urbs, not urps.
Br. 242, 246 ; see above, § 15, 1. Cf. OSANN (p. 164 cf. p. 241) on Cic. de Re p. II, 5,10. urbs, Cod. Veron. Livii, III, 68, 3.
urgeo, not urgueo.
Br. 127, 129. urgueo is found in old Mss. (cf. MAI on Comment. in Cic. pro Mil. = Act. Class. II, p. 101), together with urgeo (RIBBECK, Prol. in Verg. p. 448. Cod. Veron. Livii, V, 4, 10; on the contrary, IV, 33, Io). Cf. Hor. Serm. II, 3, 30 (HOLDER-KELLER ; other ex- amples in the same, vol. II, p: 474).
utcumgque, better than utcunque. Like ubicumque. utrimque, not utrinque.
Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 26, 3,12; 27, 4. Hor. Serm. I, 9,77; Epist. I, 18,9 (HOLDER-KELLER). Cf. RITSCHL, Opusc. II, 457. utrobique, not utrubique,
154 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
utrubique, in Cic. de Re p. III, 35, 48. Cf. Hor. Epist. I, 6, 10 (KELLER). utrumque, not utrunque. Br. 265. Cf. Hor. (ed. HOLDER-KELLER, I, p. 300; II, p. 474). uvidus, not huvidus. RIBBECK, Pyro. in Verg. p. 421. Vulcanus, v. Volecanus. vulgus, not volgus. Br. 88, 100. See above, § 4. volgus is, however, to be found in Cicero; e. g. de Rep. I, 5, 9. vulnus, not volnus (like vulgus). E. g. Cod. Veron. Livii, IV, 58, 13. vulpes, not volpes, like vulgus. See above, § 15, 3. Vulsci, v. Volsci. Vultumna, vw. Voltumna. vultur, not voltur, like vulgus. Vulturnus, v. Volturnus. vultus, not voltus, like vulgus.
Y.
Yacinthus, Yllus, ymenaeus, Ymettus, ymnos, Ypnos, v. Hy-.
y at
Zmyrna, better than Smyrna. Cic. de Re p. I, 8, 13 (Zm- the original reading ; Sm- the corrected reading) ; OSANN on p. 34 (cf. CREUZER, p. 40). Hor. Epist. I, 11, 3 (KELLER).
READY-REFERENCE TABLES FOR LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
Latin words, which occur frequently in the lower and middle classes of the Gymnasia, and which are often incorrectly written, are here alphabetically arranged according to their proper spelling. '
a and ah, Interjection.
abicio, abieci, abiectum, abicere, better than abiicere.
absum, afui, afuturus, afore.
ac before consonants, except h;
atque before vowels and consonants.
adicere, like abicio.
adsimulare.
aduiescens, Substantive, “the youth”; adolescens, Participle of adolesco.
aedis, better than aedes in Nom. Sing.
Aénéus, Aenus and aheneus, ahenus.
aequiperare.
aesculus.
agnoscere and adgnoscere.
alucinari and allucinari, better than halucinari, hallu- cinari.
ancora.
antenna and antemna.
antiquus, “old” ; anticus, “that is in front.”
anulus.
Apulia, Apulus.
arena, see harena.
156 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
artus, “ narrow,” not arctus, arundo, see harundo. auctor.
autumnus.
baca.
ballista.
belua.
bos, Gen. Plur. boum, Dat. bubus, better than bobus. braca, not bracca. ;
bracchium, not brachium.
Brundisium. °
bucina.
caelebs.
caelum.
caementum.
caenum, “filth,” not coenum.
caerimonia and caeremonia.
caespes.
caestus, “ boxing-gloves.”
caetra.
causa, not Caussa.
cena, not coena.
ceteri.
clipeus, not clupeus, clypeus.
coclea, better than cochlea.
coercere, better than cohercere. - coicio, conieci, coniectum, coicere, better than coniicere. comissari and comisari.
comminus, not cominus.
como, compsi, comptum.
READY-REFERENCE TABLES. 157
comprehendere, better than comprendere. condicio.
conectere.
coniti.
conivere.
coniunx.
contemno, contempsi, contemptum. contio.
conubium.
convicium.
cottidie and cotidie, not quotidie. crebrescere.
culleus, culleum.
cum, Preposition and Conjunction.
cumba, not cymba.
cumque = et cum, and in compounds, like quicumque. cupressus.
cycnus.
damma, not dama.
defatigo and defetigo.
deicio, deieci, deiectum, deicere, better than deiicere.
delenire, not delinire.
demo, dempsi, demptum. epecisci and depacisci.
deprehendere and deprendere.
derigere, “to lay straight,” “ to place in a particular direc- tion” ; dirigere, “to move or place in different direc- tions.”
describere, “to copy,” “to describe” ; discribere, “to divide.”
designare, “to mark out”; dissignare, “to arrange,”
“to contrive.”
158 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
detrectare and detractare. deversorium.
deus, Plur. dii, diis and di, dis. dicio.
dilectus, “military levy.” dinosco, better than dignosco. dirigere, see derigere. discidium, not dissidium. discribere, see describere. dissignare, see designare.
eculeus, better than equuleus.
ei, not hei, Interjection.
eicio, eieci, eiectum, eicere, better than eiicio. emo, emi, emptum.
epistula.
erus, era, erilis, not herus, etc.
exsilium, exsul, exsto, and the like.
faenum, “hay,” not foenum.
faenus, “ usury,” not foenus.
farcio, farsi, fartum.
fecundus.
fetialis, not fecialis.
fetus, not foetus.
fides and fidis, ‘‘ string of musical instrument.” foenum, foenus, see faenum, faenus.
foetus, see fetus.
formidulosus.
genetivus. genetrix.
READY-REFERENCE TABLES 159
genitor. glaeba, better than gleba.
Madris.» >. -
haedus, not hoedus.
halucinari, see alucinari.
harena, better than arena.
hariolari.
harundo, better than arundo.
haud and haut ; hau also before consonants.
haveo and aveo.
hedera, better than edera.
helluari and elluari.
here and heri, “ yesterday.”
hice, haece, hoce (strengthened form of hic, haec, hoc), not hiece, etc. ; compounded with the interrogative ne, hicine, etc. *
hiems.
holus, better than olus.
ilico.
immo.
inclitus and inclutus.
incoho, better than inchoo. indutiae.
inicere, like abicic.
intellegere.
internecio, better than internicio. is, Plural ii, iis,
Iuppiter.
Karthago and Carthago.
160 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
lagoena and lagona. lanterna.
lautumiae.
lautus, better than lotus. letum, not lethum.
levis, not laevis.
libet, libido, not lubet, etc. linter and lunter.
littera, better than litera. litus, not littus.
maereo. maestus,
manibiae and manubiae. mercennarius.
mille, Plur. milia.
mixtus, better than mistus.
* multa, not mulcta, “a fine.” mundities, not mundicies. murena, not muraena. murra, not myrrha. myrtum, myrtus.
nanciscor, nactus, better than nanctus, ne, affirmative particle, not nae. neglegere.
negotium.
nenia, not naenia.
nequiquam, better than nequicquam. nummus.
nunquam and numquam.
nuntiare, nuntius.
READY-REFERENCE TABLES. 161
obicere, like abicio.
oboedire.
obscenus.
obstipesco, better than obstupesco. olus, see holus.
otium.
paene.
paenitet.
paenula.
Parnasus.
parricida, parricidium.
paulus, paulatim, paulisper.
pelerare.
peiurus and periurus.
“pennas avium, pimnas murorum dicimus.”
penuria.
percontari.
pererebrescere.
pernicies.
petorritum.
pignus, pignoris and pigneris.
pilleus, pilleum.
plaustrum, not plostrum.
pomerium, not pomoerium.
praesaepis, praesaepia.
prehendo and prendo.
pretium.
pro, not proh, Interjection.
proelium.
proicio, proieci, proiectum, proicere, better than proii- cere.
162 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
promo, prompsi, promptum. promunturium.
protinus.
pulcher.
quadriduum.
quamquam and quanquam. quattuor.
quicumque, better than quicunque. quisquam, quicquam.
quisquis, quidquid.
quotidie, see cottidie.
quotiens.
quum, see cum.
raeda. _
recido, reccidi.
redemptor.
refero, rettuli.
reicere, like deicio.
religio.
reliquus.
repello, reppuli, repulsum. reperio, repperi, repertum.
saeculum. saepire.
saeta.
saevire, Saevus. satira and satura. satrapea.
scaena, not scena.
READY-REFERENCE TABLES. I 63
sepulcrum.
sescenti.
setius, not secius. singillatim, not singulatim. solacium.,
sollemnis.
sollers.
spatium.
stilus.
subicere, like abicio. suboles.
subsicivus.
sucus.,
sulpur and sulphur. sumo, sumpsi, sumptum. supellex.
supplex.
supplicium.
suscensere.
suspicio, better than suspitio. syllaba.
taeter.
tanquam and tamquam.
tantundem.
tegmen and tegimen in the Nom. and Accus., tegm- bet- ter in the remaining cases.
temperi, temperius.
tentare and temptare.
thesaurus.
tingere.
totiens.
164 LATIN ORTHOGRAPHY.
transicio, transieci, transiectum, transicere, and trai- cio, traieci, traiectum, traicere, better than traiicere.
treceni, “300 each.”~
triceni, “ 30 each.”
tropaeum and trophaeum.
tus.
ubicumque, better than ubicunque.
vehemens, better than vemens. venum do and venundo. venum eo and veneo.
vespere and vesperi.
vilicus.
umerus, not humerus.
umor, umidus.
unguere, unguentum.
unquam and umquam.
urgeo, not urgueo.
utrimque, not utrinque. vulgus, not volgus ; so
vulnus, vulpes, vultur, vultus.
Abbreviations: C.—Gaius. Cn.= Gnaeus. K.= Kalon- dae. 3
Adjectives in -icius, e. g. tribunicius, not -itius.
Declension of Nouns in -aius, -eius : (1) Gen. Sing. -aii, -eii, usually contracted into -ai, -ei; (2) Nom., Dat. and Abl. Plur. -aii, -aiis, -eli, eiis, also usually con- tracted into -ai, -ais, -ei, -eis.
READY-REFERENCE TABLES. 165
The forms in -aii, -alis, -eii, eiis are in accordance with the general rule of the Second Declension, but it is better to contract them as did the ancients usually; e. g. Gaius, Gai, Gaio; Pompeius, Pompei, Pompeio; Plural, Pom- pei, Pompeis ; Vei, Veis.
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