FORESTRY BUHR A ORESTRY ( li Ann "f- tt: v v^*- ^W^^i^l^ a390 1 S 01803967 Ob : : #f ?:;: P>;;"liW : #^ M SPECIAL REPORT OF CAPTAIN GEORGE P. AHERN, NINTH U. 8. INFANTRY, IN CHARGE OP FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS, COVERING THE PERIOD FROM APRIL, 1900, TO JULY 30, 1901. DIVISION OF INSULAR AFFAIRS, War Department. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1901. ft -U -S-i CONTENTS. Page. Personnel 5 Regulations %1 Licenses 12 Procedure and forms prescribed by regulations and forms used in bureau 15 Statement (by name) of licenses granted by forestry bureau: Timber 24 Firewood 31 Dyewood 33 Rubber, etc 34 • Gratuitous 34 £ Forestry regulations (General Order No. 92) 36 . Forests of the Philippine Islands 47 Timber used in the Philippines from July 1, 1900, to April 30, 1901 49 y Private woodlands 50 ~ Prices of native timber 51 n Can the forests of the Philippines be devastated? 52 ^ Recommendations'. 54 Statement of utilization of forest products 56 Statistics of sums collected on forest products 55 , Native woods brought to market in the Philippine Islands 58 Statement ( by provinces ) of licenses issued by forestry bureau 68 Private woodlands registered in the Philippine Islands 59 Geography and population in the Philippine Islands 69 Illustrations Facing 60 3 Fon 93 .A¥5~ SPECIAL REPORT FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. By Capt. George P. Ahern, Ninth United States Infantry, In charge of Bureau, War Department, Washington, D. C, July 30, 1901. Sir: Pursuant to instructions from the office of the Secretary of War, I have the honor to submit the following report pf the opera- tions of the forestry bureau, Philippine Islands, from its organization in April, 1900, to the present date: The undersigned, at present on leave of absence, has been author- ized by the Philippine Commission while in the United States to visit the forestry schools at Cornell, Yale, and Biltmore for the purpose of conferring with professors and students with the object of securing graduates of these schools for the Philippine forestry service, ana was also authorized to have exhibited at Buffalo, N. X., and later at the Agricultural Department at Washington, D. C, a collection of Philippine woods. The forestry bureau was organized by the undersigned pursuant to General Orders, No. 50, Office United States Military Governor in the Philippines, Manila, P. I., April 14, 1900. A report detailing opera- tions of this bureau up to and including June 30, 1900, and one dated May of this year have been submitted to the governor of the Philip- pine Islands. PERSONNEL. The Spanish Government had inaugurated the forestry service in 1863, some three hundred and forty years after their occupation of the islands. The forestry officials were selected from the forestry service of Spain, where a similar service had been started and a forestry school organized. The subordinate places in the service in the Philip- pines were partly filled by Filipinos, and at no time, up to the Ameri- can occupation in 1898, had a Filipino risen to any of the higher E laces in the service. This was due principally to the fact that noae ad taken the necessary course in the forestry school of Spain. After the undersigned took charge of this service, notices were sent to the former forestry officials to make application for service in the bureau if, they so desired, such men, acquainted with the country, forest botany, people, language, and former regulations being consid- 6 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. ered more useful in inaugurating this work than any official obtained from other countries. A number of these officials presented them- selves, with their credentials, which consisted usually of diplomas from the Agricultural College of Manila, and a detailed history of their former service. None but natives presented themselves, the Spanish foresters having returned to Spain, thus leaving the islands without a single highly trained forester. The post-office addresses of 14 native foresters and 30 rangers were taken for future reference, and these men were called upon as the service required. Authority was received to employ 4 foresters, 2 rangers, a stenographer, and a translator; the foresters at $100 and rangers at $50 Mexican per month. Under Spanish administration a force of (36 expert foresters and 64 rangers, with 40 other subordinates as clerks, draftsmen, etc., formed the personnel of the forestry service. The headquarters for the service was established in the old Inten- dencia building, in Manila, where the archives of the former forestry service were gathered together. For the first few weeks the small force employed was engaged in arranging these archives for future reference. The translator was employed in the translation of the former Spanish forestry regulations and public-land law in force at the time of the American occupation. A careful investigation of these archives failed to discover any plans of exploitation, statistics of stand- ing timber, or forest* surveys. These records consisted principally of applications for licenses, memoranda of revenues, private woodland registrations, and the ordinary official correspondence of the bureau. Upon inquiry of the former forestry officials it was learned that no plans of exploitation and no statistics of standing timber had been made. The forest zones had not been surveyed and reserved, as the last Spanish land law of 1893 had contemplated. In the course of a few months, authority was given to increase the force employed. As competent men presented themselves, and as con- ditions permitted, stations were established in the provinces. A for- estry service had been partially organized by the insurgents, and this fact made it more difficult to obtain a sufficient force of competent men. On October 12 an act of the United States Philippine Civil Commission prescribed the following personnel: One officer in charge; 1 inspector, at $150 gold per month; 1 chief clerk, at $100 gold per month; 1 botanist, at $100 gold per month; 1 translator, at $100 gold per month; 1 law clerk, at $75 gold per month; 1 record clerk, at $75 gold per month; 10 assistant foresters, at $50 gold per month; 30 rangers, at $25 gold per month. Later in the year authorit\^ was received to employ 2 foresters from the United States, at a salary of $200 gold per month. A further addition to the force is contemplated which will add 4 foresters, at $200 per month; 4 inspectors, at $150 per month; 20 rangers, at $25, and 2 clerks, at $50 per month. Owing to the disturbed conditions in the provinces, a disposition was shown by the native officials to avoid service beyond Manila. These men stated that they would be in considerable danger of vio- lence from insurgents, as their work very often took them from the vicinity of United States troops. As a matter of fact, two rangers disappeared, one of whom reappeared after a month's time and claimed that he had been captured by the insurgents and had bought his free- dom. The other disappeared in February of this year and has not been heard of since. At times the native officials would receive threat- REPORT OF FORE8TRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 7 ening notices, and as auite a number of natives friendly to Americans had been captured ana murdered by the insurgents, these officials in the forestry service felt considerable alarm and could hardly be in- duced to inspect the rafts in the suburbs of Manila unless accompanied by one of the American officials of the bureau. AJ1 applicants for admission to the service were required to show record of former service and good character. Before being sent into the provinces, officials were given at least one month's training in Manila. Many of these men were found to be competent and anxious to render good service; some were found in- competent, untrustworthy, and negligent of their duties. During the year two assistant foresters and twelve rangers were discharged for cause, one translator resigned, and one ranger transferred to another branch of the civil service. As the service expanded, considerable difficulty was experienced in finding competent men. More than 50 Ker cent of the officials of this service are at stations distant from lanila, and usually manage their offices and field work without assist- ants. All timber cut on public land is cut by license. Each shipment of forest products must be classified, measured, manifested, and orders of payment issued, all of which requires considerable training, inasmuch as 1()0 varieties of native tree species are received in the market, not to mention many varieties of dyewoods, gums, resins, etc., with all of which the official must be thoroughly acquainted and able to promptly classify and appraise; this in addition to his duties in charge of the forests of his district, running his office, and instructing ignorant native loggers in the principal requirements of the forestry regula- tions. The demand for forest products during the past two years has been so great in the Philippine Islands that men with the information just outlined were sought for by lumber companies and offered higher salaries than were given in the forestry service. Occasionally these flattering offers would be made to the officials in the service, but as a rule the latter preferred to remain in the service and take their chances of advancement as the service grew. No forestry officials are permitted to receive any money (in addition to salary) for forest products, for supervising papers, or for any cler- ical or other work rendered in the course of their duties. When pay- ment is to be made for forest products, an order of payment is issued by the forestry official, which is taken by the owner of the shipment to the nearest internal-revenue office, and when the receipt for the payment is shown to the forestry official permission is given in writing to move the forest products. This written permit the man in charge of said forest products must carry with him until the destination of shipment is reached. Each log is stamped with the bureau mark when first inspected. A circular letter was sent to all important points in the islands requesting replies as to the extent and character of industries in the various localities in the line of forest products. Replies were received from all parts of the islands, which replies served as a guide in estab- lishing stations for forestry officials. The location of parties operat- ing under licenses to utilize forest products also servea as a guide in establishing these stations. Forestry officials are stationed near all important logging centers 8 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. and are in constant touch with parties handling even small quantities. Each official in the provinces keeps a diary of his daily operations, a transcript of which is submitted to the office in Manila every fifteen days. In addition is submitted a summary of forest products inspected by him during this period, the amount ordered paid into the internal- revenue office, and, finally, any observations he may consider necessary for the information of the central office. Each shipment of forest products is inspected, classified, and appraised by him, and each log is stamped with the bureau mark. A copy of the manifest made out at this time is sent to Manila, a dupli- cate copy being given to the man in charge of the shipment. Upon arrival at its destination the forest product is again inspected and measured by a forestry official, and can not be disposed of until every requirement of the regulations is complied with. By this means a constant check is kept on all forest products taken from public and private lands. The manifest shows the name of licensee, location of cutting, the dimensions and value of each log cut, the name of the tree species, and a record of payment. This manifest appears at Manila shortly after the tree is felled. A glance at the manifest shows at once if the regulations are being followed. The restrictions as noted in the following articles act as a guaranty against any wholesale slaughter of timber, provided these regulations are enforced. At first some opposition was manifested to the many restrictions thrown around the licensees, but this opposition disappeared as they became better acquainted with the service and found that the double inspection of their shipments and the official papers did not delay the movement of their cargoes to market, as in the former administration. Art. 59. 1. Licenses to gather or utilize forest products in the state forests shall be granted by this office. 2. Applications for said licenses must be delivered to the chief forestry official of the forest district or section, or to the district commander, who shall forward same to this office with the necessary indorsements of the forestry official of said district. In the application shall be stated the kinds of forest products desired, and the place where said products are to be gathered. 3. The gathering or utilization of forest products can be done only in the forests of the province specified in the license. If the concessioner should cut or gather forest products in the forests of any other province, said products shall be considered as unlawfully cut. 4. No charge shall be made for licenses, nor for the authentication or making out of manifests. 5. Reserved forests, and the species of trees the cutting of which is forbidden, will be noted in licenses for the information of the concessioner. The felling of trees of the superior and first groups, excepting ebony, camuning and lanetes, of a less diam- eter than 40 centimeters is absolutely prohibited. 6. The felling in the state forests of trees from which caoutchouc, gutta-percha, and gum elastic are extracted is prohibited. 7. The felling in the state forests of the ylang-ylang tree is prohibited. 8. The utilization of forest products not specifically mentioned in these regulations shall be by license, and said utilization shall be governed by special conditions, which may be ascertained upon presentation of application for a license to utilize said products. Art. 60. Whosoever cuts or removes timber or other forest products prohibited by official order, or cuts species the utilization of which is prohibited by special mention in the license, shall incur a penalty amounting to four times the value of the products. A copy of these regulations shall accompany each license. Art. 61. The concessioner must gather said forest product together and pile it in the district where cut or gathered, and not where the cutting of timber or other utilization of forest products is forbidden. For any violation he shall incur a pen- alty of four times the value of the product gathered. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 9 Art. 62. 1. The trees to be cut shall be selected and cut down close to the ground, care being taken that no damage be done in falling to the adjacent trees. Trie con- cessioner shall compactly pile the branches of all trees felled, and place said branches where the least damage shall be done to the younger growth. 2. Forest products shall be transported as far as possible by routes where there are few trees, avoiding as far as practicable the destruction of the younger growth. 3. Concessioners shall be held responsible for any damage to the forests through failure to comply with the above requirements. They shall also be held responsible for violations of said regulations on the part of their representatives or their employees. Art. 63. When the cutting or gathering of forest products has been finished, the concessioner shall notify in writing the nearest forestry official of the place where said product is deposited, the classes and amount of the same, and its destination. He shall also state if he has left any felled timber in the forest, and if so, the num- ber of trees and the classes. A forestry official shall verify the " statement" of forest products presented by the concessioner, examining and measuring the same. He will make out, in duplicate, the manifest for each shipment, and give one copy of this to the concessioner. Art. 64. The concessioner shall not load, sell, nor use any forest product which has not been paid for, unless he has had express authority from the chief of the for- estry bureau, and has given a satisfactory guaranty to that official. Stations have been established at the following places: Town. Province. Town, Aringay Province. Aparri Cagayan. Panav. Union. Uoilo Guinavangan TayabaH. San Fernando Parapanga. Baguio ; Benguet. Malabon Manila. Laoag Legaspi Albav. Pasacao Camarines Sur. Batangas ! Batangas. Linga ven Pangasinan. Bataan. Subig Zarabales. Orani Tarlac Tarlac. Cebu Cebu. Laguimanoc Tavabas. Calumpit Bulacan. Aravat Pamoanira. Lucena Tavabas. Angeles Do. A number of other stations will be established in the near future, as conditions permit. As the service grows, more and more difficulty is experienced in securing competent native officials. The Filipino knows nothing of estimating standing timber, selection of trees to be felled, or the pro- tection of the younger growth. These must be taught him by trained foresters from other countries. Although authority has been received by the undersigned to employ trained foresters in other countries, none have as yet been Secured, with the exception of the two from the United States noted above. The two mentioned are not what we would call foresters, but are good, practical lumbermen and will render good service. We must look to tropical India and Java for trained men. A recent letter from Java informs this office that an offer of $200 gold per month will not induce any of their officials to enter our service, as their trained men receive the following salaries: Foresters, from $130 to $310 gold per month; inspectors, from $320 to $440 gold per month; chief inspectors, from $440 to $600 gold per month. The foresters of India are also very well paid, and, in addition, the forestry officials of all countries but ours have the prospect of retire- ment with pay after a certain number of years' service, or for disability. As a rule, the scientific forester has taken his degree before entering the forest school; then, after a course of between two and three years, he enters the lower ranks of the forestry service in his country and 10 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. has a well-paid position, with a prospect of retirement for disability or for age. Service in the Philippines involves some danger, not only from the pernicious fevers, but, at the present time, from insurgents. A forester from Java would not care to give up his life position for service in the Philippines with a prospect of disability and no govern- ment aid afterwards. We have here a vast virgin field for scientific investigation, which makes the Philippine Islands to-day one of the most attractive fields for original work, but the objections noted above deter many from entering the service. Many applications are being received from parties in the United States desiring to enter the forestry service. Very few applicants have had any training as foresters; some have been engaged in logging business and sawmills, and some apparently are anxious only for a change of scene. Others seek this service as a means of furthering schemes for future timber exploitation by private parties. Applicants residing in the United States are required to pass a civil-service exam- ination, prepared by the Bureau of Forestry in Washington. Appli- cants in Manila are required to take a civil-service examination there. Two expeditions are in the field at present: One, consisting of an assistant forester and botanist, is in southern Mindanao investigating the varieties and amount of native-tree species producing gutta-percha, rubber, and other gums; another party, consisting of a forester and assistant forester, is in the Camarines making a thorough investiga- tion of the timber on the tract of public land operated over by the largest lumber concern of the Philippine Islands. A forestry official is stationed permanently near the headquarters of this concern. A report from this expedition will inform this office of the amount and variety of timber standing in this tract, methods of felling and hauling, the condition of the younger growth, whether or not forestry regula- tions are strictly complied with; in fact, will report on all matters of interest to the forestry service. From previous reports from this same region we are led to believe that the cutting by this company is a mere thinning of the forest, and works an actual improvement of forest con- ditions, the annual growth on this tract being many times the volume extracted by this company each year. At present .this company is somewhat hampered by the loss of nearly all of their carabaos, due to an epidemic of rinderpest which recently swept over the islands, carry- ing off many thousands of these animals, which are the only source of transportation in the islands. The forestry official acting as collector for the bureau was sent in January, 1901, to Zamboango, province of Mindanao, to make a col- lection of the leaves, fruit, and flowers of the native-tree species found there. He returned in three months with 425 varieties of wood and leaf with the fruit and flower of many. This collection was made within a very limited area in this province, and will give some idea of the problems to be solved by the forestry service when a small tract with several hundred tree species is to be prepared for the lumberman. A rational forestry policy will necessitate the felling of all trees by selection. This will be met by the objection of the lumbermen that there is no market for four or five hundred varieties of tree species thus selected. The duty of finding a market for such varieties devolves upon the forestry bureau. The furniture makers of America import vast quantities of hardwood from Central and South America, KEP0RT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 11 and in order to divert their attention to the woods of the Philippines 100 varieties of specially selected woods were recently gathered together and shipped to the United States, where they will be placed on exhibition at Buffalo, and later at the Department of Agriculture in Washington. Anyone acquainted with American methods of lumbering, and espe- cially anyone from the lake regions of the United States, will realize that if every tree for felling is not selected and rigid supervision of all logging operations not insisted upon, great and irremediable loss w T ill result. Rigid supervision is indispensable and is only possible when thoroughly trained scientific men are employed. The existing regulations provide ample safeguards against forest devastation, but the immediate need is for a trained corps of foresters to properly enforce these regulations. A forestry school should be organized as soon as possible, and the first foresters employed should give part of their time to the training of native officials now in the service. In time specially qualified gradu- ates from colleges in the Philippines should be offered inducements to enter the forestry school and thus provide for the extension of the service. REGULATIONS. The Spanish forestry laws and regulations in force in August, 1898, were found to be excellent, practicable, and in line with similar laws and regulations of Europe, where the science of forestry has reached such a high state of perfection. These laws and regulations, up to the time of our occupation, had not been fully enforced and scientific for- estry not practiced, as the records and testimony of officials show. Under the Spanish administration licensees cut any and everything. Trees to be felled were not selected, no minimum size was prescribed, valuable rubber and gutta-percha trees were felled, and the most val- uable woods used as firewood; in fact the officials began their work after the trees left the forest and not before. The Spanish forestry regulations were translated and a new set compiled, based practically upon the old, but arranged in more com- pact form. Some changes were made, as will be noted below. Blank forms similar to the old are used, with some additions, nearly all of which are printed in Spanish with English notes. The regulations went into effect July 1, 1900, and were published in the form of a gen- eral order (No. 92) from the office of the United States military gov- ernor of the Philippine Islands, dated Manila, P. I., June 27, 1900. These regulations have not been amended since publication. As soon as peace is thoroughly established in the islands and officials can work in the field without danger, data will be secured upon which to base a revision of the present regulations. However, the regula- tions as enforced at present seem to give general satisfaction. Several thousand copies were printed, both in Spanish and English, and sent to every part of the islands. At least one copy is sent witn each license, and the attention of the licensee is drawn to the fact that the regula- tions must be followed. These regulations consist of 77 articles arranged in 5 chapters. Chapter 1 is entitled " Tariff on state timber and instructions tor its application." In this chapter we find the tree species of the islands 12 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. classified into six groups, the unit of measure being the cubic foot. The price per cubic foot for state timber is as follows : Number of varieties. Superior group, 14 cents Mexican 15 First group, 10 cents Mexican 20 Second group, 8 cents Mexican 86 Third group, 3 cents Mexican 133 Fourth group, 2 cents Mexican 234 Fifth group, 1 cent Mexican 33 At present the timber is classified and measured after it has been felled and piled. In appraising the valuation of timber hewn on four sides, 25 per cent is added for wood lost in hewing; sawed timber has 15 per cent added; ebony has 200 per cent added, and camagon 100 per cent added. The wood of groups 3, 4, and 5 only will be cut for fuel, thus saving from felling for this purpose 121 tree species of higher grades. This restriction is noted on back of license. In the Spanish regulations the tree species were arranged in five groups, with a max- imum valuation of 6 cents per cubic foot. The present regulations set aside fifteen of the most valuable woods as a superior group and place a valuation on them of 14 cents per cubic foot; this price acts as a special protection for these valuable species and tends to divert the lumbermen to other varieties at a lower rate. Some objection was raised to the increased valuation placed on forest products, but it has been found that the above valuation remains very close to 5 per cent of the present market price of timber in Manila. Chapter 2 is entitled " Utilization of timber in the state forests," prescribes how timber should be felled and moved, and the procedure necessary- before the licensee can take his product to market. Chapter 3 has to do with the gratuitous use of state timber. It pro- vides for the free use of timber by needy residents, and for timber for public works. Chapter 4 is entitled " Firewood for market." Chapter 5 contains provisions relating to the extraction of gutta- percha and other gums. Chapter 6, general provisions. LICENSES. Licenses are issued by the officer in charge of the forestry service upon written application made either to the central office in Manila or to any of the forestry officials in the provinces. If application is made in the provinces, the forestry official sends the application to his imme- diate chief, with some recommendation as to the character and respon- sibility of the applicant. The indorsement also must approve or disapprove the application, with the reasons therefor. An applicant must state just what forest product he wishes to take from the public land, and must also specify the district where he wishes to operate. Under Spanish administration this district was usually a province. As a rule, during the last six months we have been confining lincenses to a more limited area and close to some pueblo. By this means we know at once where to place the responsibility for any violation of the for- estry regulations, as to manner of fejling.and removing of forest prod- ucts. W here a number of licensees are operating in one province it is difficult at times to know just where to place the responsibility for any infractions, as noted above. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 13 The application for a license finally reaches the central office at Manila, containing the indorsements of the forestry officials and with evidence of the character and responsibility of the applicant. Licenses are issued on special forms: There is the timber license, the firewood license, the gratuitous license, and then a general form to include any special product desired, such as gutta-percha, rubber, and other gums. Where the government valuation of a forest product has not been specifically mentioned in the regulations, provision is made that a valuation of 10 per cent on the prevailing market price in Manila will be charged for such product. The licenses are issued for one year, and may be revoked for violation of the regulations. A gratuitous license is issued to needy residents upon application, accompanied by a certifi- cate by the president of the town in which the applicant resides, to the effect that the applicant is a needy resident and that he should be granted the license. This license runs for a period of six months. The licensee is not permitted to utilize more than 1,000 cubic feet of timber, and is ?>rohibited from utilizing tree species of the superior and first groups. Thirty -five tree species thus protected; this restriction is noted on back of license.) A gratuitous license may also be issued to govern- ment officials upon written application, stating the public work for which such timber is to be used and the amount and variety of woods desired. A list of licenses is sent to the forestry officials in the provinces, and the instructions of these officials provide for the supervision of the methods of operation in the forest of the various licensees. Parties bringing into market forest products without license are fined for first offenses 25 per cent of the valuation of said products, an increased fine for the second offense, and confiscation of products with \ a fine of 100 per cent provided for the third offense. ; It has been found that many of the dealers in forest products, and not the actual loggers in the woods, were the holders of licenses. This \ has been the subject of careful investigation during the past six months, | and as far as possible none but the actual lumbermen working in the i forest are now given licenses. Owing to the disturbed conditions in the islands many natives engaged in logging were afraid to leave their districts and go far from home, and as the forestry officials were always in towns garrisoned by United States troops, many natives never came in contact with the forestry officials, and operated in the forests without license. As con- ditions improve, this difficulty will be removed. Under Spanish administration no form of license was issued. The applicant received his letter of application with an indorsement of the central office in Manila, stating whether or not he was permitted to utilize the forest products. Prior to March 2, 1901, 467 licenses had been granted by the for- estry bureau at Manila. Up to May 14, 1901, the number of licenses granted by the military government were as follows: Timber.. 348 Firewood - - 169 Rubber and other gums 32 Dyewood 10 Gratuitous 21 Total 580 14 BEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Part of these licenses expire in six months; the remainder in one year from date of issue, tinder the Spanish administration an aver- age of 1,000 licenses were issued each vear bv the forestrv bureau. Where an applicant employs a number of the people of a thinly populated district, and where he shows that he can cut all that should properly be cut for the present needs in that district, other licenses for that particular limited area are not granted. Up to the present time this has worked without objection. The licenses granted so far cover but a very small part of the forest area of the islands. Vast areas of virgin forest throughout the islands are practically untouched and will not be entered for some time to come, owing to the lack of roads, driveways, scarcity of labor, and means of transportation. A cable dispatch from Washington, D. C, was received early in March giving notice of the passage of what is known as the Spooner amendment. This law provides " that no sale or lease or other dispo- sition of the public lands or the timber thereon or the mining rights therein shall be made." Orders were given the forestiy bureau to grant no more licenses to cut timber on public lands. Several weeks later a copy of the opinion of the law officer of the Division of Insular Affairs, giving the War Department's construction of the Spooner amendment, was received, and the forestry bureau notified that "such provisions of said General Orders, No. 92, as are intended to protect and preserve the interests of the United States in said forests are in harmony with said enact- ment and not affected thereby." The opinion stated: This enactment permits the President of the United States to grant such temporary privileges as are " (dearly necessary for the immediate government of the islands and indispensable for the interest of the people thereof." The licenses granted have never been in excess of the immediate and imperative needs of the islands, and the cutting under these licenses in the islands has never been equal to the necessities of the people, and has not been sufficient to bring down the price of timber to what it formerly was. The cutting nowhere in the islands has been equal to what would have been selected by the scientific forester whose princi- pal object was the betterment of forest conditions. Owing to a lack of facilities for logging and sawing, it was found impossible to supply the United States military forces in the islands with the timber necessary for the construction of storerooms for sup- plies, and barracks for troops, timbers for bridges, and other public works immediately necessary for the care of the troops. Several million feet of American timber were imported to supplement the native timber brought to market. The United States Government utilized at least 50 per cent of the native timber brought to market in the Philippines. The merchants used a large part of the remaining 50 per cent for new buildings, additions, etc., leaving the private householders but a small and ridiculously inadequate supply for the repair of their homes. The number of homes destroyed in the Philip- pines during the insurrection will never be even approximate^ known, and it will be years before the supply of native wood will meet even the absolutely necessary demand of the native residents. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 15 PROCEDURE AS PRESCRIBED IN FORESTRY REGULATIONS IN ORDER TO EXTRACT FOREST PRODUCTS FROM THE PUBLIC LANDS OF THE PHILIPPINES. I. Application by letter to the forestry bureau of the party desiring license. I he writer must be known to the bureau or youetied for by some responsible party. The forestry official in the district where the license is to be granted must indorse the application. No particu- lar form ot letter is required in making: this application. II. The particular license requested, if granted, is made out on a special form, signed by the head of the forestry bureau, and stamped. (See J onus 4, 5, 6, 7.) * ^ The license is sent with a copy of the forestry regulations to the applicant. A Spanish copy of the regulations is sent to all native or Spanish applicants. Notice of said license is also sent to the forestry official in the district covered by the license. It has been customary tor many years to grant licenses covering whole provinces, but lately the policy has been to restrict the license to a district covering but one or two pueblos or townships. In the province of Abra, owing to severe cutting in former years no licenses were granted by the Spanish bureau. Since the organiza' tion of the present bureau but one license has been granted in this province. This license was given at the solicitation of the military government, and was for the purpose of supplying the needs of the military forces. In other provinces as many as 37 timber licenses have been granted. In many provinces and islands where there is much valuable timber not one application has been received for timber or other licenses. After license is received the licensee may proceed to the district covered by his license and begin operations.* Article H2 of the Forestry Regulations prescribes that the trees to be cut shall be selected. This has been done under the personal super- vision ot the undersigned in the pine region of Luzon, where the tim- ber is thin and where vigorous cutting might be harmful to future forest growth But, as a rule, the cuttings in other regions have been so moderate that up to the present time it has not been found neces- sary to mark the trees to be felled. This will lie done in the near future, or as soon as any logging company begins to operate on a large scale. At present loggers are taking out one tree where they could take 100 and not injure the forest growth. This state of affairs is not likely to continue many months longer. When the logs are ready for removal the licensee notifies (see article bd) the nearest forestry official, who measures his wood and makes out an order tor payment (Form 3), and also giyes to the licensee a mani- fest (borm 13) on which is noted the kind and dimensions of each log In some cases (article (}6) the licensee pays at once for his wood. In other cases he may pay at the destination of cargo if in the Philip- pines. l m In every case the forestry official retains a copy of the manifest, inscribes one copy in his records, and sends one copy to the Forestry Bureau at Manila. J At the end of each two weeks he submits a report (Form 17) of work clone during this period. This gives twice each month complete and 16 BEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. detailed information to the central office at Manila of operations over the entire archipelago. After payment for the wood the licensee shows a receipt for the same to the forestry official and receives from this official a permit to unload (Form 1) and a note of the customs guards (Form 2). At destination of cargo a second inspection is made (Form 12) and if a difference is found between the original manifest and second inspection, this difference must be accounted for, and in certain cases penalties may be incurred. If an excess of cargo is found at this second inspection, an order of payment (Form 10) is issued and a receipt for said payment must be shown before said cargo can be moved. In the case of private woodlands, the owner or his authorized agent submits a copy of the title to his woodlands to the forestry bureau for registration. If the title is prima facia a good one, it is registered and a statement (Form 9) ot said registration given to the owner. After cutting his wood, he secures a certificate from the mayor of the township in which his land is located, to the effect that this wood was cut on his land, and then a permit for free transit is given (Form 15). BLANK FORMS USED IN THE FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. No. 1. Permit to unload forest products. No. 2. Note to customs guards to permit unloading of cargo. No. 3. Order of payment. ( English. ) No. 3. Order of payment. (Spanish.) No. 4. License — Rubber, gums, gutta-percha, etc. No. 5. License — Firewood. No. 6. License — Timber. No. 7. License — Gratuitous. No. 8. Acknowledgment of receipt of payment on excess of cargo. No. 9. Statement of registration in forestry bureau of title to private woodlands. No. 10. Order of payment on excess cargo found at second inspection. No. 11. Permit by forest ranger to move parts of a cargo of forest products (issued after payment) . No. 12. Statement of inspection of forest products at destination. No. 13. Manifest of timber cut on public lands. No. 14. Manifest of firewood cut on public lands. No. 15. Permit for free transit of forest products taken from private woodlands. No. 16. Order to unload forest products in Manila paid for at another place. No. 17. Form of semimonthly statement made at each forestry bureau station. Forestry bureau. Form 1. FORESTRY BUREAU. No. 21. Manila, P. I., July 1, 1901. Juan Garcia, having paid the State valuation of the timber brought to Manila on steamer Salcadora, the forestry employees will permit the unloading in Manila Bay. When unloading is finished this order will be taken up and the manifest given in exchange, so that the timber can be carried where desired, provided no excess of cargo is found at inspection. George P. Ahern. Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. [Stub.] FORESTRY BUREAU. No. 21. Manila, P. I., July 1, 1901. Origin, Aparri. Concessioner, Juan Garcia. Name of vessel, Salradora. No. of pieces, 12. Cubic feet, 400. State valuation, $40. Date of statement, June 15, 1901. Date of order of payment, July 1, 1901. Date of order to unload, July 1, 1901. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 17 Forestry bureau. Form 2. FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. No. 21. Juan Garcia, having paid the State value of the timber brought to Manila by the steamer Salvadora, the order to unload has been given on this date. Customs guards will please note. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. Forestry bureau. Form S {English). FORESTRY BUREAU. No. 21. Manila, P. I., July 1, 1901. Juan Garcia will pay at the office of internal revenue of Manila the sum of forty dollars, value of the timber brought to Manila in steamer Salvadora, as per statement made by Juan Garcia, dated June 15, 1901, and which has been cut by authority of license granted to Juan Garcia, dated January 10, 1901. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in t 'harge of Bureau. Forestry bureau. Form S (Spanish), FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. Son $40.00. Niim. 21. Don Juan Garcia, debera* ingresar en the internal revenue office la cantidad de forty dollars valor de las maderas conducidas & Manila en steamer Salvadora segiin relacion formada por el Juan Garcia de fecha 15 de Junio y que ban sido cortadas en .virtud de licencia que se le ha concedido al interesado en Aparri 10 de Junio de 1901. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry. Order to pay to internal revenue office State valuation for forest product. [Stub.] FORESTRY BUREAU. Num. 21. Procedencias, Aparri. Concesionario, Juan Garcia. Buque cargador, Salvadora, Niim. de piezas, 12. Pi£s cubicos, 400. Tasacion, $40. Fecha de la relaci6n, June 15, 1901. De la orden de ingreso, July 1, 1901. Des las ordenes de descarga, July 1, 1901. Manila, 1st de July, de 1901. Forestry bureau. Form 4- FORESTRY BUREAU. No. 10. Manila, P. L, January 1, 1901. LICENSE FOR RUBBER, GUMS, GUTTA-PERCHA, ETC. In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Juan Garcia, resident of Aparri, to extract rubber in the public forests of the province of Cagayan, subject to the accompanying regulations and tariff. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. * [Stub.] FORESTRY BUREAU. Manila, P. I., January 1, 1901. LICENSE FOR RUBBER, GUMS, GUTTA-PERCHA, ETC. No. 10. Name, Juan Garcia. Province, Cagayan. Remarks, resident of Aparri. In Charge of Bureau, 11064— 01 2 18 BEPOBT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. [On back.] TARIFF. Concessioners shall, for the present, pay 10 per cent of market value (in Manila) of forest products utilized by virtue of this license. The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gutta-percha, and gum elastic trees is prohibited. Forestry bureau. Form 5. For Firewood Cut for the Market. forestry bureau. No. 50. Manila, P. I., January 1, 1901. FIREWOOD LICENSE. In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Juan Garcia, resident of Aparri, to cut firewood in the public forests of the province of Cagayan, subject to the accompanying regulations and tariff. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. [Stub.] FORESTRY BUREAU. Manila, P. I., January 1, 1901. FIREWOOD LICENSE. No. 50. Name, Juan Garcia. Province, Cagayan, Remarks, resident of Aparri. In Charge of Bureau. [On back.] TARIFF. First class: Rajas composed of pieces 75 centimeters to 1J meters in length, 20 to 40 centimeters in circumference, $1 per thousand rajas. Second class: Pieces of small size, 20 cents per cubic meter, if for domestic con- sumption; 40 cents per cubic meter, if for export. Tree species of the third, fourth, and fifth groups only permitted to be cut for fire- wood. The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gum elastic, gutta-percha, and ylang-ylang trees is prohibited. Forestry bureau. Form 6. FORESTRY BUREAU. No. 25, Manila, P. I., January 1, 1901. TIMBER LICENSE. In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby granted Juan Garcia, resident of Zamboanga, to cut timber in the public forests of the province of Zamboanga, subject to the accompanying regulations and tariff. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. [Stub.] forestry bureau. Manila, P. I., January 1, 1901. timber license. No. 25. Name, Juan Garcia. Province, Zamboanga. Remarks, resident of town of Zamboanga. > In Charge of Bureau. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 19 [On back.] TARIFF. Per cubic foot, Superior group $0. 14 First group 10 Second group 08 Third group 03 Fourth group 02 Fifth group 01 The felling of trees of the superior and first groups of less diameter than 40 centi- meters is prohibited, excepting ebony, lanete, and camuning. The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gum elastic, gutta-percha, and ylang-ylang trees is prohibited. Forestry bureau. Form 7. FORESTRY BUREAU. GRATUITOUS LICENSE. No. 12. Manila, P. I., Februarys, 1901. In accordance with existing law, a license is hereby gran tedlsidor Chanco, resi- dent of San Fernando, Pampanga, to cut timber in the public forests of the province of Pampanga, subject to the accompanying regulations. George P. A hern, Captain, Xinth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. [Stub.] FORESTRY BUREAU. Manila, P. I., February 8, 1901. Gratuitous license, No. 12. Name, Isidor Chanco. Province, Pampanga. Remarks, resident of San Fernando, Pampanga. In Charge of Bureau. [On back.] Trees of the superior, first, and second groups shall not be cut under a gratuitous license. Cutting limited to 1,000 cubic feet. The felling of rubber, caoutchouc, gum elastic, gutta-percha, and ylang-ylang trees is prohibited. Forestry bureau. Form 8. FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. Num. 181. Se ha recibido en esta inspection la carta de pago niim 46 importante forty-six dol- lars por diferencia que resulto de las maderas aprovechadas por el concesionario Pedro Martinez en province of Cagayan y conducidas a Manila en steamer Salvadora segun relation del Pedro Martinez de fecha February 21. Manila, 15 de March, de 1901. George P. A hern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. " Acknowledgment of receipt of letter of payment on excess of cargo of forest products as found at inspection at destination. ' ' [Stub.] Num. 181. Numero del expediente, 46. Niimero de la carta de pago, 97. Diferencia, $46. Concesionario, Pedro Martinez. Barco, Salvadora. Intervention, Juan Martin. Acuerdo, . Manila, 15 de March, de 1901. 20 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Forestry bureau. Form 9. FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I., INTENDENCIA. Num. Manila, P. I., February 10, 1901. A los efectos del articulo 75 de la Orden General, Numero 92 de la oficina U. S. Military Governor of the Philippine Islands, de 27 de Junio, 1900, en este dia qued6 inscrita en esta oficina en el libro 1st, numero 78, de inscripcion la escritura de haci- enda que en el sitio de Santa Cruz, jurisdiccion del pueblo de Manila provincia de Manila posee 150 de hectareas, 7 a>eas, 15 centi&reas de superficie. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. Num. . sito de de inscripcion , de [Stub.] , pueblo provincia centidreas. , parcelas cuya superficie mide . Libro hectares, . Num. - dreas, Manila, ,19 Forestry Bureau, Form 10. FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I., INTENDENCIA. Niim. 86. Don Pedro Martfn debeni ingresar en el the internal-revenue office la cantidad de forty-six dollars, diferencia de valor de las timber que condujo a" Manila segiin rela- ci6n remitida por el Pedro Martin de fecha 8 de February. Manila, 15 de February de 1901. George P. Ahern, Captain, Ninth Infantry, in charge bureau. Diferencia, % . Multa, | . Total, % . Num. . [Stub.] Concesionario Don de la orden de descarga . Num. de la l. R orden de ingreso . Fecha Pies. Mile>. • Declarado Diferencia . « . < Iraporte de la diferencia $ Id. de la multa Pesos. Id. total de la orden ingreso Cent Manila de de 19 Recibf la orden de ingreso en de del9- El Interesado. Forestry Bureau, Form 11. FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. Niim. 62. Manila, P. l.,8 de February, 1901. El Juan Martfn conduce timber expresadas al dorso comprendidas en la orden de descarga No. 181, de — - de . Ranger. [This paper is given to parties removing parcels of a cargo of forest products. ] REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE I8LAND8. 21 El conduce de [Stub.] de la orden de descarga No. No. de - Manila de 19—. Forestry Bureau, Form 12. INSPECTION AT DESTINATION. No. 78. Intervenci6n del dia 8 de February. INSPECTION AT DESTINATION. No. 78. Intervenci6n del dia 8 de February. [Name of wood of each log and dimensions stated on each side of this form and then signed by official making the inspection.] Forestry Bureau , Form 13. manifest. Statement of Timber cut by License. (guia.) Relacion de las maderas cortadas en los montes pub icos del pueblo de Iba, pro- vincia de Zambales, en virtud de la licencia mini. 86 concedida por the Forestry- Bureau en 15 de February de 1901, a D. Pedro Pilar, vecino de Iba, provincia de Zambales, y que se hallan depositadas en para trasportarlas en steamer Salvadora con destino a Manila. Niimero de piezas. 1 1 1 1 Clase de maderas. Dimensiones. Longitud. i Ancho.iGrueso. Bojeo. Ipil .. Ipil .. Ipil .. Yaeal Pics. 20 22 14 18 Pantos. Jhintos.' Puntos.' Pantos. 5 IS Ki 6 ; 16 ! 16 ; 3 : 16 ! 14 5 ! 16 ! 12 i Cubieaei6n Pics. MilHi- mas. Tasaei6n Pesos. ant. Signed Note of [Each log measured, classified, and appraised and placed on this manifest, by owner of timber or his agent, and also signed by the forestry official, payment also made at end of this statement.] Forestry Bureau, Form 14. statement of firewood cut by license. Relacion de las lefias cortadas en los montes piiblicos del pueblo de Morong, provincia de Morong, en virtud de la licencia concedida por el Forestry Bureau en 1 de January de 1901, a D. Juan Martin, vecino de Morong, las cuales se transportan a" Manila, en steamer Cavite. LENAS del primer grupo. Niimero de rajas. Tasacion. Pesos. Cent. 6,000, at $1 per M 6 00 , 22 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS LEflAS del segundo grupo. Volumen en metros c\ibicos. Tasaci6n. Pesos. Cent. ! i 150, at 20 cents per cu. M 30 00 j i RES1 JMEN. Pesos. C£nt. Importe de tasaci6n de las del l.« grupo. id. de id. de las del 2.° id. . 6 30 00 00 Total 36 00 [Signed by owner and by forestry official.] No. 78. Forestry Bureau, Form 15. FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I Habiendo conducido & esta capital D. Francisco Sanz, las timber que al margen se expresan y que han sido extraidas en los terrenos que en el pueblo de San Fernando (Rombl6n) , provincia de Romblon, posee D. Fr. Sanz, segiin relacion firmada por el y autoridad local del mismo pueblo, de fecha 3 de February, 1901, las cuales han sido transportadas en steamer Gloria; los carabineros de custodia y dependientes dee8tainspecci6n permitiran el libre trdnsito de las mismas, previa la oportuna inter- venci6n de la que dar£n cuenta & esta dependencia con la devolucion de la presente orden. Manila, 10 de February de 1901. [Signed.] [Permit for free transit of forest products taken from private woodlands. ] [Stub.] FORESTRY BUREAU. No. 78. Pueblo de San Fernando. Provincia de Romblon. Hacienda de Francisco Sanz r Sibuyan. Aprovechamiento de timber. Embarcacion, . Conductor, steamer Gloria. Fecha de la orden de descarga, Februarv 15, 1901. Fecha de la intervenci6n r February 15, 1901. Forestry Bureau, Form 16. # FORESTRY BUREAU, MANILA, P. I. No. 78. Satisfecho por D. Juan Martfn el valor de las timber que ha aprovechado en el pueblo de Iba, provincia de Zam bales, las cuales ha conducido A esta capital en el steamer Salvadora; los carabineros de custodia y dependientes de esta inspecci6n permitiran descargar en el Rio Pasig las timber que al dorso se expresan, previa la oportuna intervention de la que dardn cuenta a esta dependencia con la devolucion de la presente orden. Manila, 15 de February de 1901. [Signed.] [Order to unload forest products in Manila paid for at another place.] [Stub.] Embarcacion, cos, . Tasacion, Procedencias, de pago, - Manila, Fecha de la misma, de de 190—. Fecha de la relacion, Num. de piezas, No. . . Pies cubi- Numero de la carta Id. de la orden de descarga, El Ayudante, REPOET OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 23 Forestry Bureau, Form 17. — Form used by forestry officials in charge of stations in making semimonthly reports. Mes de (month of) Aflo de Nombre del interesado (name of interested party). Proceden- . rl . pin dp Ins ' ^ iase ae n3a?eS?' miento products). lzea >- Niimero de piezas (number of pieces). Cubicaci6n (cubic volume). i \ \ i : i ■ i j 1 ! Pies. Mite&imas. Nombre del interesado (name of interested party) . Productos varios (va- LeSu (firewood). SthS' T £Zm<.&%? thantini- mental marge). ber or fire- 1 wood). J. er grupo. S.° grupo. PC808. Ctmos. Nombre del interesado (name of interested party). Diferencias (differ- ences second inspec- tion). Pesos. Ctmos. Multas (fines). Pesos. Ctmos. Destino de los produc- tos (des- tination of products). ! Fecha j de la Nombre del interesado (name of interested relaci6n party). (date of mani- fest). Fecha de la orden de ingreso (date of or- der of payment). Expedida. Recibida. Fecha del ingreso (date of payment). Internal Revenue en que se ingres6 (Int. Rev. office where payment was made) . Nombre del interesado (name of interested party). Interven- ci6n de la relaci6n (second in- pection). Fecha de remisi6n de la relaci6n y recibo al For- estry Bureau (date of transmission to and receipt of manifest at Forestry Bureau). Observaciones, 1 24 BEPOBT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Statement of licenses granted by forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. , from July 1, 1900, to July 15, 1901. [Date of last license granted by forestry bureau.] TIMBER LICEN8ES (FOR PERIOD OF ONE YEAR). Number granted — July, 1900 (terms have expired) 33 August, 1900 (terms have expired) 32 September, 1900 ( terms expire September 30, 1901 ) 30 October, 1900 .• 40 November, 1900 28 December, 1900 33 January, 1901 72 February, 1901 20 March, 1901 8 Total number granted to date of Spooner amendment 296 April, 1901 26 May, 1901 49 June, 1901 53 228 July, 1901 53 Total 477 FIREWOOD LICENSES (FOR PERIOD OF ONE YEAR). Number granted — July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901 192 July, 1901 17 209 DYEWOOD LICENSES (FOR PERIOD OF ONE YEAR). Number granted — July 1,1900, to June 30, 1901 12 Julv,1901 2 14 RUBBER, GUMS, AND GUTTA-PERCHA LICENSES (FOR PERIOD OF ONE YEAR). Number granted — July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901 38 July, 1901 1 39 GRATUITOUS LICENSES (FOR PERIOD OF SIX MONTHS ). Number granted, July 1, 1900, to June 30, 1901 30 Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. TIMBER LICENSES. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Licensee. Leoncio B. Araullo J. R. Redfern (agent) Justino Sevilla Severo Sanchez Hermogenos Tan-Tiangeo Francisco Garcia Vergara Luis Esteban ....do Ramon Lagdameo Date. 1900. July 1 July 9 ...do.. Julv 10 ...do.. ...do... Julv 12 ...do.. do .. Location. Bataan Tayabas Painpanga Tarlac Hermoso, Bataan Tayabas Zambales Bataan Camarines, Norte Province, Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. BEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 25 Licenses granted by tlie forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued. TIMBER LICENSES— Continued. No. Licensee. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 65 56 57 58 59 60 61 €2 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 Date. Location. Province. Julv 28 July 30 do . ., Aug. 1 o All; 4 6 8 1900. Ramon Lagdameo July 12 do j do . . . Lino Li voro j do . . . Santo de los Reyes j Julv 13 do do ... do i do ... Luis Esteban J July 16 Bernardo Buluran I Julv 18 Florentino de Perio ■ ao ... Mariano Gil I do ... John Orr | Julv 21 do ! do ... Mariana Noble Jose j Julv . 25 do ; do ... Celesforo Correa '< July 26 Juan Palmer Pages I July 27 do — ao ... Jose Izquierdo ; do . . . do do ... Salvador Linao | . . . do . . . Francisco Paguio do Catalino Enriquez Antonio Vidanes do Philippine Lumber and Devel- opment Co. do Bruno de Borja Luis Esteban Romulo Mercado Anacleto Mendoza Herbert R. Spincoe Isidoro Tuzon ao do ! do Guillermo Caldez | Aug. Santiago Mallary ! Aug. Jacobo F. Arscuschek j Aug. Domingo Apolinario i do Ramon Sanz Aug. Epifanio Salta Geronimo Paquin Ramon Costantino \ do .. Jose Izquierdo j do .. Mariano Vega \ Aug. 17 Enrique C.deCastelvi j Aug. 21 Francisco Roque { no.. Chino Jose Chung Sunmuy j do .. Marcelo Tiglao ! do . . . TapGuian j Aug. 22 N. F. Hashim & Co ! . . . .do . . . Feliza Javier Martinez i Aug. 23 Manuel Nieto do . . . Gregorio Dizon Aug. 28 do ! do . . . Luis Esteban | do . . . Meliton Infantado ! Aug. 28 Oscar F. Campbell ! Aug. 29 Sixto San Agustin Sept. 5 Juan Alili j do ... Carlos Serrano \ do ... do ....do... do do ... Saturnino Cumington Sept. 10 Chino JosC Sun-Muy ; do . . . Pedro Navarro Sept. 15 Antonio Correa y Pomar (agent) do . . . Marcelino Tangeo ; do ... Francisco Dominguez ''. do . . . Pedro Caulas do . . . Claro Lagdameo Evangelista... 1 Sept. 19 do do ... do ;....do... Tranquilino Cesar Sept. 21 Pastor Macamaya Sept. 22 Astigarraga Hefmanos ' do . . . Bonifacio Acze do . . . Juan de Molina Martell do . . . Melquiades Flores do '. . . Carsila Flores i do ... Martin Gonzalez i Sept. 24 9 Aug. 13 ...no .. .\ Camarines, Sur Tayabas Luban Island Arayat, Pampanga Tarlac Nueva Ecija Pampanga Bataan Zambales Bataan Tayabas Camarines, Sur Pangasinan Zambales Bulacan Bataan Zambales Bataan Tarlac Bataan ....do ....do Morong Laguna Camarines, Norte . Camarines, Sur... Bulacan Tarlac Pampanga Bataan do Pampanga Nueva Ecija Sibuvan Island . . Tarlac ....do ....do Masbate Island . . Nueva Ecija Tarlac Zambales Pampanga Tarlac ....do Pampanga Tarlac Pampanga Tarlac Zambales Luban Island Albav ..: Tarlac Pampanga Nueva Ecija Bulacan Zambales Bataan Tarlac ... Masbate Ticao Burcias Island . . . Bataan Cagayan Bataan Cagayan Bataan Pampanga Tarlac Tayabas Camarines Norte. Camarines Sur.. . Mount of Bolinao Cagavan ....do ....do ....do Bulacan ....do Pampanga Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Romblon. Luzon. Do. Do. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Masbate Island, Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Zambales. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 26 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued TIMBER LICENSES— Continued. No. Licensee. 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 106 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 116 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 156 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 Tan Pucco Gregorio de la Cruz Pedro Cuevas Tomas Ganara Pedro Duyapa Matute Hermanos.. Lucio Isidro Pedro Rodriguez Jos6 Rojas Tan Conges (Chino) do Forbes Anderson Luis Afnalot Urbano Benito Gregorio de Jesus Carlos Lagman Ignaeio Naval Buenaventura Carsolin Nicalao Pica y Planas Cesarea Borapua Rafael Venero Esteban Romillo Roman Simbol Bonifacio Simbol Brigido Achico Mariano Santiago Pedro Edano Pascual de Perio Mariano V. Henson Martina Sicat Felipe Angeles Ladislao Donato .....do Johan Theodore Lund Ccuon Rodriguez Juan Canoy Rufino Lun-Culloc Francisco Resurrection Monico Espino Pantaleon Gabriel Leoncio Martin Fabian de Guzman Fermin Mendoza Mariano Cutaran Ignaeio Alvarado Fermin Macanaya Gaudencio Anastacio Severino Donato Mariano Cactaquin Francisco Garcia Tomas Garcia Valentin Espiritu Leon Trinidad Otto Scheerer Victor Lorenzo Crisanto Santos Teodoro A. Raymundo Mamerto Roque Serviliano Vitug Emilio A. Lallave Ivon Pineda do Antonino de Guzman Jeronimo Zabala Benito Tang Cuaco Paulino Santiano Francisco Pilapil Gregorio Hernandez Victoriano L. Evangelista Antonino Maximo Vicente Trivifto Mariano Montejo Emilio Peni Hipolito de la Rosa Jos6 Corpus Carlos Planes Juan Feliciano Vicente Camara , Jose* Caballero Protasio Cuaderno Date. Location. Province. 1900. Sept. 24 ...do .. Sept. 25 ...do .. Sept. 27 — do .. 3 10 11 16 22 ...do Oct. ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do Oct. ...do Oct. ...do ...do Oct. ...do Oct. ...do ...do Oct. ...do ...do Oct. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Oct. 23 Oct. 27 ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Nov. ....do ....do Nov. do .. Nov. 9 Nov. 14 ....do.. — do .. do .. . . . .do . . ....do.. Nov. 16 ....do.. Nov. 19 ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Nov. 26 ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. do .. Nov. 28 Nov. 30 ....do.. ....do.. Dec. 1 ....do.. do .. Dec. 3 6 8 Pampanga Bulacan Basilan Island Tarlac Cagayan Davab Morong Pampanga Tarlac ......!!....!. Tavabas ....do Manila Sorsogon Pampanga Bataan Bulacan Tayabas Manila Cagavan ....do Tarlac Nueva Ecija Pampanga Manila Zambales do Pampanga do Bulacan Abra Ilocos Sur Bataan Manila Bataan Pampanga do do do Tarlac do do Cagayan do do ...'..do do Pangasinan Tayabas Nueva Ecija Zambales Pampanga Benguet Manila do Zambales Pampanga Ilocos Norte Tarlac Pangasinan Bataan Tayabas Pampangas Morong do Tavabas do Masbate Island Marinduque Island Masbate Island Zambales do Masbate Pampanga Zambales Romblon Island . . . Bulacan Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Fourth distric Mindanao. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLAND8. 27 Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued. TIMBER LICENSES— Continued. No. 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 333 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 Licensee. Date | 1900. Simeon Bias i Dec. 3 Teodoro de Mesa ' do . . . Juan Macedo do . . . A. \V. Holmes , do . . E. L. Probasco do . . . Miguel del Castillo J Dec. 10 Mariano de Leon do .. Manuel Relos j do .. Tomas Calagui ' do . . Mariano de Leon — do .. Mauro Prieto ! do .. Juan Atayde do .. Ciraca del Raido I Dec. 11 Venaneio Lugto ! do . . Pedro Calantas i do . . Gabriel Formoso do . . Leocadio Tan Puanco Dec. 14 Pedro Jeronimo I do . . Location. Province. Ly Agcn Santiago Gimeno Macario Marco do Chua Tong (Chinese) Nicolas Pangan Juan Taldon Kanuto Engelskjon . . Manuel Murciano Pantaleon Villegas.. Dolores Rivera ...do .. ...do .. ...do.. . . . do . . ...do.. ...do .. ...do .. Dec. ...do ...do ...do 15 1901. Jan. Jan. ...do. ...do. ...do. ...do. A.W. Prautch Nuctas Santos Roman Tongeo Antonio Font Lun Ing Chiat (Chinese) Miguel Pascual Julian Balte Gabriel Cord Gregorio Marquez Joaquin Bayot Antonio Gomez Victoriano Hilario Jose Barrierro Tomas Asuncion Domingo Villarama Francisco Tiangeo Isidoro Noriega Martini Suat Jose* M. Almeda Tomas Garcia Clemencia Navarro Francisco Sison Zacarias Asuncion Nicolas Pilapil Fon Leng Mariano Dedacal Cipriano Candelario Torobio de Leon Antonio Correa y Pomar Fruta de la Paz Jose Elipio Jose Zulenata Pedro Vasquez James Porter ... Brigido Cutaran Manuel Oleaga Bonifacio Cortez Agustin Cabrera Lorenzo Castillo Alejo Berades Bonifacio Comillas Faustino Comillas Leoncio Duyapa f . . . Francisco Agconila Aurelio Duyapa do Marcos Duyapa do ...do . ...do. ...do. ...do . . . . do , ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do Jan. ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ....do Tarlac Pampanga Zani bales Benguet do Cagayan do do do Isabela Tavabas Tarlac Bataan Tarlac Cagavan .....do Bulacan Pampanga Iloilo Cavite Laguna Batangas do Bataan Zamboanga Surigao Island, etc Tarlac Pampanga Tarlac 6 ; Pampanga 7 ! Bataan do ..; Zambales .J Bataan do . . i Bulacan .. Tavabas .. .../.do . . Masbate Island . . Manila . .i do Gabriel Cabal Vicente Pascual Fruta de la Paz. do do do Morong ....do Bulacan ....do Pampanga . . Tarlac do Pampanga . . Tarlac Nueva Ecija Sorsogon Morong Bulacan Pangasinan . Bataan Bulacan Iloilo do do do do do Cayagan — do do do do do do do do do do do do do , Concepcion Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Panay. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mindanao. Do. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Panay Island Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Panay. 28 REPORT OF FORE8TRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued. TIMBER LICENSES— Continued. No. 246 247 248 249 250 261 252 263 264 255 256 257 268 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305. 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 Licensee. Date. Location. Province. ' 1901. Mariana Alcaeid Jan. 12 Jos6 C. Zapiram do . . Timoteo Sevilla Jan. 17 Simplino Estrada ■ do . . Jos6 Fernandez i do . . Tomos Angeles | do . . Anacleto Vicente Taptee (Chinese) Ong Tingeo (Chinese) Manuel Perez de Tagle Tin Surf Leong Frank S. Bourns (agent) do M. A. Clarke Pablo Garcia Mostratis Isidro Protusada y de Loyole John F. Macleod Francisco Sainz John F. Macleod Jos6 Fernandez Luis Hidalgo Adriano Tolentino Gemiaiano Zurbito W. N. Swarthout W. F. Lowney & Co Mercer, Nugent & Co Joaquin Campomanos do Isidoro del Castillo Pascasiode Mendezonia do Chicote y Sanchez y Co O. Orchard Danl & Coryell F. Emerson Hoar Bonifacio Seronino Valeriano Cando Pastor del Castillo Tomas Re villa Pedro de la Vina Sixto del Rosario Marianno Yerro do Pedro C. Rodriguez Mariano Moreno Augustin Asensio Juan Rodriguez | do Cosme Reyes j Mar. E. Francisco Asis ! do Pedro S. Magdangal j do Nicasio Manalo do H< >norio Lazam Apr. G. L. M. Sax ton do Carl F.Miller \ Apr. Tomas Ortiz i do . . Phelps Whitmarsh I Apr. 12 Francisco de Guzman ' do . . Florentino Milanes ; do . . Jose 1 Llobrera j do . . Guillermo Fortes ! do . . do ...do .. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. Jan. 21 Jan. 22 ...do.. Jan. 24 ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. Jan. 25 ...do.. ...do.. Feb. 14 Feb. 15 ...do.. Feb. 18 ...do.. ...do.. Feb. 19 ...do.. ...do.. ...do.. Feb. 21 Feb. 23 Feb. 25 ...do .. ...do.. ...do.. Feb. 26 ...do.. Feb. 27 ...do.. Mar. Mar. Mar. 1 5 6 6 9 io Charles Muller Potenciano Lesaca Santiago Calixto Gregorio Bonilla Charles Muller Teodoro de Castro Severo Madrid Francisco Enaje de Jesus Lucio Lising Jose 1 Mufioz do ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Apr. V2 ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. ....do.. Rufino Quimson ; do .. Francisco Ruiz Camacho I do . . . Fausto Ormacchea ! Apr. 19 Mercer, Nugent & Co : do . . Cirilo de Perio Apr. 22 Alberto T. Gomez do . . . Feliciano Farrales i May 3 Francisco Urizar May 14 Bias Pantaleon do .. . i Zambales Masbate Island .. Bataan Pangasinan Bulacan Pampanga Romblon Tavabas Iloilo ....do Benguet Zamboanga Benguet Pampanga Masbate Island .. Matti Zamboanga Matti Ley te Island Cagayan Pangasinan Masbate Island . . Bataan Basilan Island . . . Zambales Leyte Island Coinandag Island Batangas Leyte Island Samar Island Davos, Mindanao Morong Ticao, Maabate... Laguna Morong Nueva Eeija Capiz Morong Leyte Island Tablas, Romblon. Levte do Laguna Masbate Island . . do do Tayabas Laguna Nueva Eeija Laguna Isabela Masbate Island ,. Basilan Island ... Nueva Eeija Benguet Union do do do Nueva Eeija Zambales Tavabas .../.do Monong Sorsogon do Bilivan Islands .. Tarlae Principe do Nueva Eeija do Albay Zambales do do do Cagayan North Ilocos Luzon, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Panay. Do. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Mindanao. Do. Do. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Leyte. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Panay. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Leyte. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 29* Licenses grtuUed by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. L — Continued. TIMBER LICENSES— Continued. No. Licensee. Date. Location. 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 1901 Juan Ortega May Julian A. Yargea do Cirilo Estella do Timoteo Manzano ' do Serviliana Veleses : do Wilbur J. McKee .do Rafael Cal vo do Florencio Dequito do Luis N. Baza do Manuel Ayala ; do Rafael Calvo ! do 14 Mariano Onandia Paciano Rizal Mercado Sil vestre Siping Alejandro Quisumbing Jose A. Zaparain Domingo Lavin Perfecto Tomas Garces Felix Robles de la Rama Jose Diaz Aguilar Ramon Lagdameo Jose V. Castellano Feliza Viejo T.C. Manurl Martin Sansianco John H. Carter Patricio Bailon do Federicolgnasio y Puna (Chino) Celestino Mercader Harry M. Luresett A. Iturri tfc R. Maftereu & Co... Lorenzo C. Afable Saturnino Sta. Quana Eugenio Diaz Benito V. Cervera Mariano Novales J. W. Winkelbach Francisco Bayan Melchor Caste j on Miguel Logarta Teodoro Sandico Antonio Saez M . Pey poch & Co Buenaventura Ochangeo Albert D'Arcy Pedro Constantino Gervasio Unson Cipriano P. Cruz Benigno Diaz Wm.Neill Jose Barrierro Natalio Rullado Gabriel Taboru Vicente Puzon Francisco Sanz Mariano Suarez Manuel Palafox Eusebio Ong Tuaeo Andres Barea Marcelo Barba Pedro L. Valdez Taciano Delgado Melecio Lexon Melquiades Limpico M. JapSioco (Chinese) Cavetano de Chinchilla do Domingo Ferrer Isidro Sareno Cecilio Gonzalez Cosme de Churruca, agent Felisa Viejo Taciano Delgado Tomas Blanco Teodoro Jatco Felipe Caharion Joaquin Castro Tomas Gomez Manuel Arbona ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do Mav ...do ...do M % May ...do May May . ..do 15 16 * • . 17 21 22 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do May ...do ...do Mav ...do ...do May ...do June ...do ...do ...do June ...do 28 29 3i 3 Nueva Ecija ....do Zam bales ....do Bulacan Morong Tavabas ....do ....do Camarines Norte Camarines Sur.. Albay ....do ....do Romblon Province, Leyte Samar Camote Island .. Guimaras Island Leyte Samar Zam bales Tayabas Nueva Ecija Romblon Zambales Sorsogon Albay Tayabas Sofsogon Surigao Camarines Norte Levte do do Surigao Tavabas " Bulacan Romblon Leyte Nueva Eeija Ooncepcion . Tayabas Bulacan Principe Tavabas ../.do Nueva Eeija Manila Nueva Eeija Laguna Union do do Sibil van Bulacan North I locos Laguna do North 1 locos do Laguna do do Romblon Nenva Ecija Pangasinan do do do Leyte Bataan Rizal Masbate do Laguna Misamis Leyte Bataan Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Island of Sibuyan. Luzon. Cebu. Iloilo. Luzon, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mindanao. Do. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Iloilo. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Romblon. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mindanao. Luzon. 30 REPORT OF FORE8TRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued TIMBER LICENSES— Continued. No. 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 62 53 Date. 6 Location. Province. 1901. Antonio Mufloz June 24 Antonio Raimundo \ June 26 Jose Mijares do... Balbino Limpico \ do . . . Meliton Ruiz : June 28 Inchausti Co do . . . Ignacio Ureta — do . . . W. M. Taylor June 29 Quentin Matanaran — do . . . Angel Banaaz \ do . . . Cipriano P. Cruz — do . . . Nicolas Galvin ' do ... Martin Vinluan do . . . George I.Tanis ■ — do ... do ' do . . . Harrv F.Kendall — do ... G. W. Langford ! . . . .do . . . Enrique Kar : do . . . Fernando Jansiango > do . . . Francisco Garcia Vergara { July 1 Severo Sanchez : do . . . J. H. Grefkens j July 3 Braulio Eloriaso I do ... Quirino Timoteo ; — do . . . Lucas Prado do . . . Gregorio Bangalan July Clemente Maquiraya j — do Tranquiliono Taquinod ' do Hermogenes Tantiangco j — do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do Julv . . . do ...do do Julv ...do... do ... July 10 .'.'.'ao'.V. ....do... ...do... do ... do ... ...do... ....do... do ... July 12 ....do... do ... do ... do ... do ... do ... do ... ....do... July 13 ....do... ....do... do ... ....do... do ... ....do... July 15 do... ....do... Gregorio Talavera Buenaventura Banzon Protasio Cuaderno Francisco Codina Mariano Moreno A. L. Bimloss (agent) ....do Vicente Mijares Ramon Lagdameo Verisimo Vasquez Henry Strauss Arend Van Wissnigen H. A. Sanger do Frank L. Bourns Benite Legarda Demetrio Tuason Balbino Limpuco Juan Palmer do do Jose Izquierdo Juan Palmer . -„ Andres Diaz Rodriguez Leoncio J. Araullo Fiancisco Rodriguez Manuel Paves Guana Domingo Gutierrez Luis Asunci6n Simon Ramos Manuel Miguez Julian A. Jargea Pantaleon Garcia John Bordman, jr do A. M. Eaton, jr do do • Vicente Gay Igidio Llanes Francisco Brillante Remigio Banico Bernardo Marcial Estella 8 9 Bataan Manila Leyte . Nueva Ecija Sorsogon ....do Nueva Ecija Misamis Cavite Rizal Bataan Pangasinan ....do Levte ...\do Bataan North I locos Bataan Nueva Ecija Tavabas Taf lac Bataan ....do Laguna Capiz Cagayan ....do ....do Bataan ....do ....do ....do ....do Camarines Norte Levte ....do Bataan Tavabas Marinduque Bataan Principe Rizal Infanta Paragua do do Bulacan Bataan Zambales Pampanga Tarlac do Nueva Ecija Bataan Camarines Norte. . . Bataan Romblon Laguna Bulacan Paragua Bulacan do Iloilo do Calamianes Islands Iloilo do Occidental Negros . Zambales Bataan Luban Zambales Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mindanao. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Panay. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Panav. Do. Do. Do. Luzon. KEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 31 Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, J/atii&i, P. I. — Continued. FIREWOOD LICENSES. No. Licensee Date. Province. 1 I 2 ! 3 : V •a' 9 10 ! « i 12 | 13 i 14 i 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 4* 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 1900. Francisco Garcia y Vergara July 8 Hermogenes Tan Tiangeo I July 10 Ramon Lagdameo i July 12 John Orr July 21 do ....do.. Philippine Lumber and Development Co . . . . i Aug. 1 do ! do . . Herbert R. Spencer Aug. 3 Ramon Sanz ; Aug. 9 Jos£ Izquierdo ; Aug. 13 Mariano Vega Aug. 17 do i do ... Marcelo Tiglao i Aug. 21 Jap Quian Aug. 22 Manuel Nieto i Aug. 23 Felix Bautista . Aug. 28 Sixto San Aguatin , Sept. 5 Carlos Serrano ; do ... do .; do ... do i do . . . Antonio Correa y Pomar (agent) Sept. 15 Marcelino Tongco do ... Claro Lagdameo Evangelisto ; Sept. 19 Victoriano Guiamboa ; Oct. 1 Forbes Anderson [ do ... Urbano Benito j do . . . Gregorio de Jesus | do . . . Jos£ Izquierdo Oct. 3 Antonio Dominguez do . . . do j do ... Ignacio Naval do . . . Jos^Alraeda j Oct. 12 Miguel Antiporda ! Oct. 20 Johan Thodoer Lund j Oct. 23 Cenon Rodriguez I Oct. 27 Mariano Tactaquin j Nov. 6 Francisco Garcia ! do ... Leon Trinidad Nov. 8 Antonio de Guzman Nov. 19 Victoriano L. Evangelista Nov. 26 Antonio Maximo ; do ... Vicente Trivifio | do ... Felipe G. Oalderon ] Nov. 28 do do ... Emelio Peni do Jos6 Corpus Nov. 30 Alberto F. Gomez Carlos Planes Ramon Asuncion Donato Quico Vicente Camara Jos£ Caballero Pablo A rcusa Juan Macedo Per August Pearson . . . Ignacio Alvarado Mariano de Leon Mauro Prieto Victoriano Jimenez . . . Dimas Colmenar Dimas Colemanar Manuel Murciano Sio Chiengle (Chinese) do . do. A.W.Prantch Gregorio R. Santos (agent) ....do . ....do Mariano Zapico Carlos Tria Tirona Zacarias Asuncion Joaquin Bayot Gregorio Marquez Bartolome Tablante Martina Sicat Mariano Velasco do Francisco Martinez Flaviano Agoncillo Dec. 1 ...do ... . ..do ... ...do ... Dec. 3 ...do... Dec. 8 Dec. 10 do ... ...do ... Dec. 15 do ... Dec. 15 ...do... do... 1901. Jan. 6 Jan. 7 ....do... ...do... ...do... do ... do ... do ... do ... do ... Jan. 8 Jan. 9 do ... do... do ... Tayabas. Bataan. Tayabas. Do, Camarines Sur. Ca marines Nort*?. Camarines Sur. Bataan. Masbate. Pampanga. Tarlac. Pangasinan. Pampanga. Tarlac Albay. Bataan. Do. Masbate. Ticao Island. Burias Island. Cagayan. Bataan. Tayabas. Bataan. Tayabas. Manila. Sorsogon. Tarlac. Pampanga. Tarlac. Bataan. Tarlac. Morong (Binongonan). Bataan. Manila, Pangasinan. Tayabas. Pampanga. Bataan. Tavabas. * Do. Masbate Island. Manila. Morong. Masbate Island. Zam bales. Do. Masbate Island. Bataan. Do. Zambales. Romblon Island. Cavite, Zambales. Manila. Cagavan. Do. Tayabas. Pampanga. Cavite. Bataan. Tarlac. Pampanga. Do. Morong. Bataan. Bulacan. Bataan. Do. Sorsogon. Masbate Island. Tayabas. Pampanga. Do. Manila. Morong. Romblon Island. Tayabas. 32 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued. FIREWOOD LICENSES— Continued. No. Licensee. 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 152 153 154 155 156 167 158 James Porter Clemente Zarate Pedro Vasquez Jose Zulueta Paulino Guillermo Antonio Correa y Pomar (agent) Esteban L. Manzano Sueesores de S. Valensuela Jeronimo de Jesus Timoteo Sevilla Agripina de Guzman Frank S. Bourns (agent) do Date. Province. 1901 Jan. ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do Jan. ...do ...do Jan. Jan. Jan. ...do M. A. Clarke John Corrigan John F. Macleod Francisco Sainz John J. Macleod Luis Hidalgo Jos6 Almaria W. N. Swarthout Juan Doblas Mariano Alienzo Juan Covas I do . Jan. Jan. ...do ...do ...do Jan. ...do Feb. Feb. ...do 12 17 24 17 2i 24 25 U 15 ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do Feb. Feb. ...do Feb. ...do ...do ...do ...do Feb. ...do ...do ...do Mar. Mar. ...do Jos£ Barriero Felix Estella Isaac Mosquerra Ong Joe Catalino Garingalas Mercer, Nugent & Co Severino Ruato O. Orchard Daniel Coryel 1 Macario Marco Jap Siang (Chinese) Mariano Noble Jose" Valeriano Cando Juan de la Paz Isidoro del Castillo Adriana Dolores Telesforo Concepcion Severino del Castillo Feliciano Tecson Julio Bautista Marcial Estella Eulalio Misa Lim-Ing-Chiat Juan Rodriguez Mariano Mendoza Cristino Javier Tomas Amansee Luciano Bermudes Valerio Rua Poteneiano J urmul Claro Pascual Crispinn Guiambas Ciriaco Bautista Marcelino Aguirro Inocencio Ramos Santiago Calixto Severo Madrid — do P. Lawton Wightman do Bartolomo Tablante Apr. Protasio Cuaderno Apr. Federico Kauffman (agent) Apr. Manuel Arbona ." do Francisco Urizar May Wilbur J. McLee do Fidel P. Sias ; .... do Cesario Oganiza do Rafael Calvo do Mariano Onandia do Severino Valeses do Cornelio Malibiran do Luis Samson do Tomas Rodriguez do Crescendo Rebullada do Canuto del Castillo do Jose" V. Castellano •> do 18 21 25 26 1 7 ...do ...do ...do ...do Apr. ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do 12 13 19 O') Mi. 1*4 Iloilo. Do. Do. Do. Cagavan. Iloilo. Zambales. Morong. Tayabas. Bataan. Morong. Zamboanga. Benguet. Do. Laguna. Matti, Mindanao. Zamboanga. Matti. Cagayan. Tayabas. Bataan. Cagayan. Bataan. Tayabas. Morong. Zam bales. Iloilo, Panav. Do. Do. Zambales, Pampanga. Morong. Ticao, Mindanao. Laguna. Pampanga. Pangasinan. Nueva Ecija. Iloilo, Panay. Batangas. Manila. Bulacan. Morong. Bataan. Zambales. Do. Do. Bataan. Masbate. Batangas. Pangasinan. Do. Do. Cavite. Bataan. Do. Do. Do. Do. Capiz. Tayabas. Sorsogon. Laguna. Tarlac. Laguna. Panay Island. Bataan. Cagayan. Morong. Pangasinan. Do. Tayabas. Albay. Bulacan. Bataan Do. Do. Do. Do. Zambales REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 38 Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. L — Continued. FIREWOOD LICENSES— Continued. No. Licensee. Date. Province, 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 J 77 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1901 May ...do Jos£ Diaz Aguilar Antonio Lopez Felisa Viejo do Justo Garcia do Ong-Tingeo do Florencio Dequito ; do M. M. Figueras i do Rafael Cal vo j do Felix Rubles de la Rama ; do Ramon Lagdameo ! do Juan Jaldon do Patricio Baylon ; Mav . . -do *. | do Celestino Mercader May Ant. Iturri & Ramon Manueri May Tomas Blanco J Mav Francisco Bay an ! do Antonio Saiz i Mav M . Pey poch & Co \ .... do Esteban Cervantes I May Pedro Magcasi ; J urie Cirilo Manalota ; do Gabriel Cord de Cruz do Luis Sorriano do Jos£ Barriero June Evaristo Ortiz j do Elena Brodeth I do Flaviana Cuninan ' do Mariano Mangonan -J une Evarista Ortiz do Cosme de Churruca (agent) ' do Joaquin Buenviaje ; June Florencio Melicoton ! June Florentina Fria ! June Angel Banaag July Engracio Santiago do Thomas F. Page do Francisco Garcia Vergara ' July Protasio Cuaderno ! ... .do Buenaventura Banzon do Ramon Lagdameo ; July Frank S. Bourns ; Jul v Benito Legarda [ do Demetrio Juason .do Jose 1 Grialte July A. M. Eaton, jr I July do i do 14 16 • • ■ 17 22 28 29 3i 1 5 Francisco Brillante I do Agapito Dionisio Apolonio Banuelos Dominga Salandanan Ju .l ...do 17 19 24 28 3 6 8 10 12 13 15 ! Leyte. Morong. I Tayabas. I Tar lac. i Tayabas. Do. Iloilo, Pa nay. Camarines Sur. Iloilo, Panay. Samar. Zamboanga. Sorsogon. Albay. Sorsogon. Camarines Norte. Masbate. Bulacan. Coneepcion, Iloilo. Tayabas. Bulacan. Do. Pampanga. Tayabas. Bat turn. I^aguna. Pampanga. Iloilo, Panay. Batann. Pangasinan. Tarlac. Leyte. MDrong, Rizal Prov. Capiz, Panay. Bataan. Morong, Rizal Prov. Pampanga. Laguna. Tayabas. Bataan. Do. Tayabas. Paragua. Do. Do. Morong, Rizal Prov. Iloilo. Do. Bataan. Pampanga. Do. Bataan. DYEWOOD LICENSES. No. 1 2 3 4 5. 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 Licenses. Siponzo Frias y Ca John T. Macleod ....do Francisco Sainz Jose Tulueta Clemente Tarate Dan'l Coryell Po-Guiao Manuel Perez de Eagle John H. Carter Tusto Porcuria A. M. Eaton, jr do Date. 1901. Jan. 1 Jan. 24 — do . . ...do.. ...do.. Feb. 15 ...do.. Feb. 21 Feb. 25 Mar. 7 May 15 June 26 July 13 Location. Panav ....do Mindanao... ....do ....do Panay ....do Ticao Island Panay ....do Luzon ....do Panay ....do Province. Iloilo. Do. Matti. Do. Zamboanga. Iloilo. Do. Masbate. Iloilo. Do. Zam bales. Tayabas. Iloilo. Do. 11064—01 34 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Licenses granted by the forestry bureau, Manila, P. I. — Continued LICENSES FOR RUBBER, GUMS, GUTTA-PERCHA, ETC. No, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 License. Guillermo Caldes Ramon Sanz Ramon Lacdamso Carlos Serrano do ....do Antonio Correa y Pamar, as representative of the "Cam- pania Gral de Tabacos de Fili- pinas." Claro Lacdames Evangelista . . Date. 1900 Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. do ...do Sept. 1 9 21 5 15 Sept. Matute Hermanos I Sept. 19 27 Estanislao Corral Luis Arnalot Francisco Garcia Victoriano L. Evangelista Antonio Maximo Vicente Crivino Vicente Camara Jose Caballero do Oct. Nov. Nov. ...do do Dec. ...do 1901 Jan. Jan. ...do Jan. ...do ...do Jan. Feb. Apr. ...do Mav ...do ...do ...do ...do May May June June June June Tomas Blanco July Antonio Correa y Pamar (agent) Tan Icco Frank S. Bourns (agent) John Macleod John Macleod Francisco Sainz Luis Hidalgo Chicote y Sanchez y Ca Eclesforo Bayani . .\ Gregorio Banilla Francisco Urizar Rafael Calvo do Mariano Onandia Juan Jaldon J. W. Winkelback Melchor Castejon Francisco Sanz M. Peypoch y Ca Cosme de Chirruca (agent) Justo Porcuna 1 6 26 Location. Sibuyan Island Masbate Island Tayabas Masbate Cicao Island . . . Burias Island . . Cagayan 9 17 24 25 19 12 i4 22 28 5 11 17 26 13 Tayabas Davao ....do Tayabas do ....do ....do Masbate Island Zambales Romblon Tayabas ....do Zamboanga Malti ....do Zamboanga Cagayan Davao Zambales Tavabas Caiayan Island . . Tayabas South Camarines Albay Zamboanga Davao Tablas Sibuyan Tayabas Ley te Tayabas Masbate Island .. GRATUITOUS LICENSE. Tomas Ganara Silvino Isla Leoncio Paras Cosme Lasmarias.. Leoncio Paras Alcalde municipal Lieut. L. H. Rand Captain Tianza Peter Buckley John F. Reaves Sergeant Miller, Signal Corps .. Lieut. Basil O. Lenoir Padre Patricio Calderon Lieut. W. H. H. Chapman Lieut. Robert E. Brooks Maj. VV. N. Wotherspoon Lieutenant Stickle Capt.I.P.O'Neil Presidente municipal of Cama- laniugan. Nicolas Marzal Bonifacia Reyes Colonel McCaskey Leandro Coronel Gregorio P. Antonio Phelps Whitmarsh Presidente municipal of Mon- cada. Capt. H. L. Draper do Presidente municipal of Pam- plona. Alcalde municipal of Dagupan 1900 Oct. Oct. Nov. Nov. Nov. Dec. 1901 Jan. ...do ...do ...do Jan. Feb. Feb. Apr. Apr. Apr. Mav ....do June 12 27 3 21 23 28 Luzon ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do 22 1 27 8 19 23 14 6 ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do ....do Pan de Azucar Luzon ....do ....do Province. Romblon. Masbate. Luzon. Masbate. Do. Do. Luzon. Do. Mindanao. Do. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Masbate. Luzon. Romblon. Luzon. Do. Mindanao, Do. Do. Luzon. Mindanao. Luzon. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mindanao, Do. Romblon. Do. Luzon. Leyte. Luzon. Masbate. Tarlac. Do. Do. Union. Tarlac. Do. Zambales* Benguet. Do. Do. Cagayan, Manila. Iloeos Norte. June 10 | do ...do ... ; do June 18 ! do June 19 ' do do do June 20 do June 21 ' do June 27 do do do June 29 j Pamplona ..do ... [ Luzon Zambales. Iloilo. Nueva Ecija, Zambales. Cagayan. Zambales. Do. Iloeos Norte, Pampanga. Do. Benguet. Tarlac. Bataan. Zambales. Cagayan. Pangasinan* REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 35 General Orders, \ Office U. S. Military Governor, Philippine Islands, No. 92. | Manila, P. /., June *7, 1900. The following provisions based on existing law, and amendatory thereto, prescribing the tariff on State timber, and regulations for the utilization of forest products in the public forests of the Philippine Islands, shall have the force and effect of law on and after July 1, 1900; but existing law on the same subjects shall remain valid, except in so far as herein modified or repealed, expressly, or by necessary implication. Chapter I. — Tariff on State timber and instmctions for its application. Article 1 . Timber shall be classified into six groups as indicated in the tables below. Art. 2. The unit of measure shall be, for the present, the cubic foot. It is recom- mended that lumber dealers accustom their employees to the use of the metric system. Art. 3. The price per cubic foot for the valuation of State timber shall be as indi- cated in the following table. The price shall be the same in all parts of these islands: [Cents per cubic foot.] Superior group 14 First group ■ 10 Second group 8 Third group 3 Fourth group 2 Fifth group 1 Art. 4. The State sells its trees standing, excluding the bark in measuring the tree. Art. 5. Inasmuch as the measurement of standing timber can not always be made, for lack of available forestry employees, the concessioners may stack the timber hewn or cut up, subject to the additional charges hereinafter provided. Art. 6. In round timber the length of the piece and the circumference in the middle section shall be measured. Art. 7. When the logs are presented rough hewn — i. e., where a section is approxi- mately octagonal (four sides being hewn and the other four with the bark on) — the dimensions shall be taken by measuring the length and average transverse section, but said section shall be a quadrilateral, formed by prolonging the four larger sides — i. e., the four hewn sides. Art. 8. If the logs be hewn square, the contents shall l>e ascertained by measuring the length and an average transverse section, but in such cases the valuation shall be increased 25 per cent for the wood lost in hewing the tree square. Art. 9. The cubic contents of sawed timber shall be ascertained as in the preceding article, carrying out the figures to tenths of a cubic "point;" but the increase in valuation (to make up for loss in the sawing) shall be limited to 15 per cent. Art. 10. Wood of the Camagon tree, when presented stripped of its inner bark or surplusage, using only the heart wood, as is the custom of the trade, shall be meas- ured according to the cubic contents actually presented, but the valuation shall be increased 100 per cent. Art. 11. Logs of ebony trimmed down in like manner to the black hard wood 8hall be measured according to the cubic contents actually presented, as in the preceding cane, but the valuation shall be increased 200 per cent. Art. 12. The woods of groups 3, 4, and 5 only may be cut for fuel. Art. 13. Classification of woods as per first article: I. SUPERIOR GROUP. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Calantas Camagon Dungon . Ebano .. Ipil Mancono Molave.. Narra Teca Tindalo . Yacal Urung .. Scientific names. Cedrela Toona Roxb. Diospyros discolor Willd. Heritiera silvatica Vidal. Maba buxifolia Pers. Afzelia bijuga A. Gray. Xanthostemon Verdugonianus, Naves. Vitex altissima Li. Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Tectona grand is LI. Afzelia rhomboidea Vidal. Hopea plagata Vidal. Fragraea fragans Roxb. 36 EEPOBT OF FORE8TRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS No. 1 -2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 II. FIRST GROUP. Popular names. Scientific names. Acle : Pithecolobium acle, Vidal. Alahan J Diospiros. Camphor \ Cinnamomum camphoratum, Bl. Alintatao ! I)i< >spiros. Anubing i Artocarpus odorata, Blanco. Bansalaguin ! Minmsop parvifolia, Br. Baticuling | Litsea Perrottetii, B. el H. Batitinan . . ! Lagerstra-mia Batitinan, Willd. Bayuco | Artocarpus lanceolata, Tree. Betis ! Azaola bet is, Blanco. Camuning l Murraya exotica, Li. Cubi i Artocarpus Cumingiana, Trecul. Jara ' Garcinia. Laneta | Wrightia ovata, A. D. C. Malatapay I Alanguium octopetalum, Blanco. Calaraansanay Terminalia Calamansanay, Rolfe. Camayuan or Tamauyan Ginosporia. III. SECOND GROUP. Agoho Casuarina sequisetifolia, Li. Alalangat Adenantera pavonina, Li. Alpay Nephelium glabrum, Noronch. Alupac-amo Nephelium longana, Cams. Amuguis 1st Odina speciosa, Bl. Aranga Homalium, Barandse, Vidal. Banaba Lagerstraemia, Flos Reginae, Ret. Banitan Xylopia Blancoi, Xal. Batino Al'stonia macrophylla, Willd. Bayuco 2d Artocarpus. Banuyo Albizzia. Bilolo Sizygium. Bolong eta i Diospyros pilosanthera, Bl. Calimantao Evoaia. Calingag Cinnamomum Mercadoi, Vidal. Cana fistula Cassia fistula, Li. Catmon Dillenia philippinensi, Li. Dolitan Palaquium. Dungon-late Heritiera littoralis, Drians. Guijo Dipterocarpus Guiso, Bl. Guipato Guisihan Lanutan Macaasin Madre cacao . Malacadios ... Malacapon Malacatmon . Malaruhat Mangachapuy Mangasinoro. Mangasirique Marang Mulauin aso . Nangca Nato Oayan Paitan Palayen Palo Maria Pasac Pusopuso Romero Sirique Supa Tanguile Toob or Tua . Tucan-calao . Ratonia montana, Bt. et Hook. Thespesia Campylociphon, Rolf. Eugenia. Glirisidia maculata, B. A.H. Mvristica. 9 • Dillenia Reiffercheidia, Fer, V. Eugenia. Shorea Mangachapuy, Bl. Shorea. Quercus. Artocarpus. Premna nauseosa, Blanco. Artocarpus integrifolia, Li. Sterculia. Quercus Blancoy, A. D. C. Eugenia. Quercus. Calopyllum inophyllum, Li. Pygeum arboreum, Endl. Litseachinensis, Lam. Podocarpus costalis, Presl. • Quercus. Sindora Wallichii, Benth, Shorea Talura, Roxb. Biscofia Javanica, Bl. Sterculia. IV. THIRD GROUP. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Abilo Alagao Alamag Aden parang Anagap Aninapla Anobling i Garuga Floribunda, Dene. Premna vestila, Schaner, Aporosa. Albizzia. Pithecolobium labatum, Benth. Albizzia procera, B. Talauma Angatensis, Vidal. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 37 IV. THIRD GROUP— Continued. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Scientific names. Anonang Anatan Apitong Bagarilao Bagarilao na itim Baguilumboy Bahay Balinhasay ...... Balobo Balucanat Banitan Batete Batobato Bayabas Bayoc Bitoc Bunglas. ... Calumpit Camanehiles Cansuyot . . . Cunalong . . . Cupan$ Dalindigan . Dalinsi Danglin Dao Dinglas Ditaa Duclap Duguan Galagala Gatasan Guyonguyon Hagadnad Lauan Libato Lucban gubat . . Lunbang... Magarapale Magarilao Malaanonang... Malabayabas ... Malacadios Malacmalac Malasa^uin puti Mamalis Manbog Manga Manungal Matabao Mayapis Pagatpat Pagsainguin Palosapis Paho Plli Panao (Balao) . Pipi Pulanbalat r . . . Quiuay-Quinay Sacat Saleng Sampoloc Tabigui Talisay Tapulao Tacuitaqui Tunbonaso. ... Cordia mixa, Li. Ochna fascicularis, BI. Dipteroearpus grandiflorus, Bl. Nauclea. Terra inalia. Sisygium. Ormosia calavensis, Bl. Buchanania florida, Sehaner. Diplodiseus panieulatus, Turcz. Aleurites trisperma, Bl. Xilopia blancoi, Xal. Wrightia. Litoea. Psidium guyabas, Li. Pteronpermum acerifolium, Willd. Callopnillum. Zizygmm. Terminalia edulfe, Bl. Pitheeolobium dulcc, Benth. Antidesma. Diospiros, Parkia Roxburgh!!, G. Don. Shorea. Terminalia. Grewia multi flora, Fuss. Draeontomelum, Eugenia. Alstonia scholaris, Li. Zizyphus. Myristiea Fatua, Hoult. Agathis lorantifolia, Sabist. Gareinia. Cratoxylon floribundum, F.Will. Diptiroearpus pik)sus, Roxb. Anisoptera Thurifera, Bl. Cuniingia philippinensis, Vidal. Citrus, Aleuritis Trisperma, Bl. Terminulia. Terminalia. Dipteroearpus. Gardenia pseudopsidium, F. Villar. Myristiea. Palaquin. Eugenia. Pittosporum Fernandezii, Vidal. Stephegyne diversifoliu, Hook. Magifera indica, Gaertu. Samadera indica, Gaertu. Dipterocarpus. Sonneratia acida, Li. Canarium Cumingii, Engl. Shorea. Mangifera altissima, Blanco. Canarium ovatmn, Engl. Dipterocarpus hispidus, F. Villar. Litsea Gareiae, Vidal. Sizygium. Bridelia. Terminalia sumatrana, Mig. Pinus insularis, Endl. Tamarindus indieus, Li. Carapa moluccensis, Lam. Terminalia Catappa, Li. Pin us Mereusii, Jungh. Morinda umbellata, Li. V. FOURTH GROUP. 1 Agos-os •. . , Ficus pungens, Reinw. 2 Agupanga j Chisocheton sp. 3 Alauihao ! Dracontomelum. 4 Alasaa j Ficus asparata, Bl. 5 Amugan ! Pigeum Maingayi, Hook. 6 Amuyon t Melodorum fulgens, H. A. T. 7 Anam ] Buchananla nitida, Engl. 8 Anilao j Columbia anilao, Bll. 9 Aroma Acacia farnesiana L. 10 Asactalong Phyllanthus sp. 38 BEPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. V. FOURTH GROUP— Continued. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 60 51 52 53 54 55 66 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 Asia Ata-ata Bacan Bacodong Bagaluga Bagonito Bagontao Bago-santol Bait Balacat Balasabis Balay-bayan Balay-ohot Balibago Baligamban Balinaonao Baloc Baloc baloc Baluan Balubat Balucot Ballan-ballan Banaguling Banalo Banato Bancalauan Bancudo or Nino Bangate Ban^-got Bam Batingui Barinconeoron Barusa Batang-hisan .%- Batican Bating Batsan Bausio Bayac-usa Bayit Biga Bigas - Bignay Bignay-calabao Bilaun Bilucao Binayuyo Binting-dalaga Binunga Boc-boc Bogo Boto-buti Botong Bubuy Cabong-cabong * Cabuyao Cacao-cacauan Cagatungan Calay Caliang-tang Calooeatmo Calumpang Cami-oi Canomay Caraol Caropsan Carumanpat Caturay Cugao Culin-manog Culis Cuyaquia Cuvas-cuyas Daluroy Dandle Daniri Danloy Danyay Dapdap Dila-dila Dilang butiqui Dondonay Duca Scientific names. Ficus heterophylla, L. Melia duvia, Cav. Cupania sp. Canariura. Zizyphus sp. Cupania regularis, Blume. Pterospermum diversifolium, Bl. Hibiscus tiliaceus, L. Capura sp. Sapindus sp. Pongamia glabra, Vent. Macaranga, sp. Anacardium sp. Garcinia Cowa, Roxb. Leea sp. Cordia subcordata, Lam. Mullotus philippinensis, Muller. Terminalia sp. Morinda bracteata, L. Pemphis sp. Dracontomelum sp. Dracontomelum. Orchipeda sp. Jambosa sp. Zizyphus sp. Antidesma bunius L. Antidesma chaesembilla, Goertn. Macaranga mappa, Mueller. Garcinia sp. Antidesma cumingii, Mull. Micromelum sp. Macaranga tanarius, Mull. Streblus sp. Garuga sp. Barringtonia speciosa, L. Eriodendron anfractuosum, D. C. Citrus histrix, D. C. Talauma. Pygeum parvifolium, Taip. Xylopia. # Leea Sambucina, Willd. Vidalia sp. Esterculia faetida, L. Diospyros. Acacia sp. Linociera luzonica, Bl. Sesbania grandiflora, Pers. Canthium Mite, Benth. Memecylon edule, Roxb. Pometia sp. Aglaia argentea, Bl. Euphorbia sp. Grewia sp. Erythrina indica, Lam. Dittelasma sp. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 39 V. FOURTH GROUP— Continued. No. 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107. 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 Popular names. Dumpilan Himbabao ...... Hongo Hopong-Hopong Hugud Kugao Lagasa Lagnig Lamio Leptasao Libas Ligaa Ligas Lipote Lubtob Lunas Lunas-na-itim . . Llapa Maata Macaturay Maga Magabagaba Magarambulo... Maguilic Malaaduas Malabago Malabonga Malabulac Malacacao Malacamote Malacauayan . . . Malacna Malaga-api Malaga-itiman.. Malaiba Malaicmo Malanbang Malang-dalaga.. Malapalitpit Malapapaya Malasamat Malasambong... Malaaanqui Malasantol Malatagon Malatigui Malatubic ... Malauban Manay Matan-cuao Malibog Matobato Matungoc Mauayan Nanagdong Oonog Orihnon Paihot Palang Pamalataguen . . Pandaoaqui Pangilinon Payaquitan Pirigol Postalagon Pototan Pugauy Purav Putad Quiniang Quio Rubian Sagum-sagum... Salab Salamungay Salasic \ Salingo^on Sipit-eait Subian-daga Subo-subo Sulipa Supi Surug Scientific names. Exccecaria agallocha, Mull. Eleocarpu8 sp. Clausena sp. Dracontomelum mangiferum, Bl. Eugenia sp. Scnieearpus anacardium t Li. Eugenia sp. Ficus laurifolia, Bl. Lunasia amara, Bl. Gonocarum tarlaeense, Vid. Stereospermum sp. Aritera rufescens, Radlk. Cytiostemon sp. Litsea sp. Hibiscus sp. Iteadaphne confusa, Bl. Bombax malabaricum, D. C. Talauma. Beddomea luzoniensis, Vid. Hemegyrosa deflcienis, Bed. Cletra cancscens, Rauiro. Phyllanthus sp. Celtis philippinensis, Bl. Mallotus sp. Sapindus Turczadinowii, Vid. Polyscia Cumingiana, Pers. Vernonia arborea, Ham. Cinnamomum sp. Sandoricum borneense, Mig. Canarium sp. Albizzia sp, Sizyjjpum sp. Bafringtoma sp. Albizzia julibrisin, Durog. Mangifera. A caliph a sp. Canthium. Tabernaemontana coronaria, Br. Womia sp. Engelhard tia sp. Gomphia angustifolia, Vabl. Ceriops candollanea, Arm. Nelistris sp. Barringtonia racemosa, Bl. Ardisia sp. Cupania sp. Aglaia sp. Plectronia sp. Gardenia pseudopsidium, F. Will. 40 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. V. FOURTH GROUP— Continued. No. 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 Popular names. Susuguin Tabaldo Tabao Tabayos Taboc Tadcan Taligauan Talio Tambis Tanag Tanglon Taquit-asim... Tayocan Tical Tinaan Tinaan-pantay Tingan Tinga-tinga . . . Tingcal Tive-tive Toquian Tua Tulang-manog Uban Scientific names. Gardenia pseudopsidium, F. Will. Aegle decandra, Nav. Pterospermum sp. Eugenia. Kleinhovia hospita, L. Amoora sp. Mai lotus moluccanus, Mull. Aglaia sp. Phyllantgus sp. Rubiacea. Pterospermum obliquum, Bl Agleia sp. Terstroemia Llanosii, Vid. Deliehandrone Rheedii, L. Premna sp. VI. FIFTH GROUP. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Bacao Bacauan Biuas Bungalon Calibayoan ... Culasi Langaray Libato-pula . . . Libato-puti ... Nilad Tagasa Tangal Tingan-baquis PALMAS. Rhizophora conyugata, L. Bruguiera Caryophylloides, Bl. Kandelia Rheedii, W. et A. Avicennia officinalis, L. Bruguiera eriopetala, Wilz. Lumnitzera racemosa, Willd. Bruguiera parviflora, Wetk. Lumnitzera Coccinea, W. et A. Cumingii philippinensis, Vid. Seypluphora hidrophylla, Goertn. Cenosp Roxburhiana, A. Rhizophora mucronata, Lam. yEgiceras majus, Goertn. Anahao Li vingstona rotundifolia, Mart. Anibong Areca Nibung, Mart. Balatbat Licuala sp. Balon-luyon Corypha sp. Banga Wallichia. Barangoy Omnia. Bonga Areca catechu, L. Cauon I Arenga saccarifera, Lab. Dayuca j Wallichia sp. Dumayaca ! Caryota sp. Lum iac ! Iguanura. Luyos Areca sp. Macasilad I Licuala elegans, Mart. Palindan Pinag Bentinchia sp. Areca alba Rumph. var. genocarpa, Kumth. Pugahan Caryota urens, L. Saguisi ! Tamis-san ' Cocos sp. Taquipan [ Caryota Rumphiana, Mart. Tibanglang New species added to above list as investigation continues. A total of 665 species now on list. Chapter II. — The utilization of timber in the State forests. Art. 14. One year from the date of license shall be allowed for the felling and removal of timber. When the time allowed is not sufficient to admit of this, an application for a new license must be made within such time as will admit the issu- ing of the same before the expiration of the legal lim,it of the old license. Art. 15. Felled timber shall be piled in cleared places in such a manner that meas- urements may be readily ascertained. Art. 16. The concessioner shall advise the chief of the forest section of the time REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 41 the cutting will commence, shall state in what jurisdiction it will be effected, the places where the timber will be piled, and the names and residences of his repre- sentatives. Art. 17. No concessioner holding a license for the ordinary cutting of wood shall be allowed to act at the same time for a concessioner holding a gratuitous license. Art. 18. The concessioner having cut the wood, shall be held responsible by the State for its value as per official tariff. If, at the expiration of the time of his license, he has not taken the timber out of the forest, in addition to its value he will be held responsible for any damages which may have resulted to be estimated and approved by the forestry official of the district. Art. 19. The carrier of sawed lumber, transporting same from lumber yards or private warehouses, must be provided with a receipt, signed by the owner of the establishment from which it came, showing in detail the number and classes of the pieces. These receipts will be shown to the forestry officials when asked for, in order to show where the luml>er came from and avoid confusing same with products which are carried direct from the public forests. Art. 20. Constructors of vessels shall procure licenses and pay the value of the timber used, and must furnish the local forest official with a statement of the timber cut, which statement said official verities. Art. 21. After inspection and valuation of timber is made, the order of payment is given, and 'after said payment is made and receipt shown the concessioner is free to use the timber. Art. 22. No vessel, whatever its size, built of timber from the public forests can put to sea without having paid for the timber used, except as provided in the regula- tions governing the gratuitous use of timber. Art. 23. 1. Owners of mining concessions must pay an annual rent or tax for the ground so occupied, which tax shall be regulated by the greater or less adaptability of the ground to the purposes of forest or agricultural cultivation. A bond of suffi- cient amount shall also be required to cover any damage which may happen to the trees or forest products from said mining operations, the conditions to be fixed by this office, after due notice. 2. Owners of mining concessions, or their legal representatives, shall procure from this office a license before utilizing state timber in their mining operations. 3. Applications for said licenses shall be forwarded through the mining bureau, in which application shall be described the mining concessions they possess or repre- sent, the forest or forests in which the timber is to be cut, the kinds of woods desired, and the approximate quantity; also the uses to which the timber is to- be put. Art. 24. 1. Those who may desire to engage in the business of burning charcoal in the public forests shall comply with the forestry regulations in everything which relates to the utilization of the forest products, and must provide themselves with the necessary licenses. 2. After felling trees, and before commencing the process of burning for charcoal, the party interested shall present to the local forestry official an itemized statement of the timber felled, which will be verified and valued by that official, who will give the order of payment. After payment the party is at liberty to proceed with the burning, exercising care to do so at a sufficient distance from standing timber so as not to cause damage, and he shall be held responsible for any damage so caused. Art. 25. Concessioners shall notify the local forestry official, or in his absence the president of the respective town, where the wood is being piled. Upon failure to do as prescribed a penalty will be incurred of 25 per cent of the value of the wood. Art. 26. Constructors of vessels and charcoal burners who fraudulently report to the forestry official the number of pieces of wood cut will pay, in addition to the value of the excess, a fine of 25 per cent of its value. Chapter III. — The gratuitous use of state timber. Art. 27. 1. Licenses for the free use of timber shall be issued without charge by this office. 2. Said licenses shall be issued to needy residents of towns upon application, to which application shall be attached a certificate, signed by the president or alcalde of the town, stating the circumstances and actual need in each particular case. No charge shall be made for this certificate. 3. Said timber must be used exclusively in the construction of houses in which the parties making application are going to live or have place of business or for repair of same, for the manufacture of their implements of industry, in the construc- tion of one or two bancas for the purpose of fishing or for the transportation of their agricultural products. 42 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 4. The amount of timber thus conceded to needy residents by gratuitous license shall not exceed 1,000 cubic feet. Art. 28. Tree species of the superior and first groups, as laid down in the official tariff on state timber, are not to be cut under a gratuitous license. Art. 29. Timber for the construction of bridges, government buildings, and other works of a public character undertaken by the government may be obtained by gratuitous license issued by this office, application being made by the proper official. Art. 30. Needy residents, and those persons in charge of the construction of pub- lic works, desiring licenses for the gratuitous use of State timber, shall send their applications, with other documents, to the chief forestry official of the district or section, and in case there is no such official available, to the district commander, who will forward same with the necessary indorsements to this office. Art. 31. When the work referred to in article 29 is done by contract the con- tractor must procure an ordinary license and comply with all the requirements of same. Art. 32. Six months from date of license shall be allowed needy residents in which to fell and remove said timber. One year from date of license for such pur- pose shall be allowed persons engaged in the construction of public works. When there is not sufficient time in which to finish said work, a new license should be solicited, in time so that it may be issued before the expiration of the old license. Art. 33. There shall be attached to applications for gratuitous licenses to cut tim- ber for public works a statement of the number of pieces, classes, and dimensions of the w r ood required. Art. 34. A concessioner shall notify the chief forestry official of the respective section, of the time and place of cutting, and where the timber is to be stacked, and the location of the public works for which the timber was granted. Art. 35. A gratuitous license shall not be issued to timber dealers nor to those holding an ordinary license. Art. 36. The concessioner, after cutting is finished, shall notify in writing the •chief of the forest section, inclosing a statement of the timber cut. Art. 37. Timber can not be taken out of the jurisdiction of the town where cut unless accompanied by a manifest authenticated by the local forestry official, or in his absence by the president of the town (no charge shall be made for this authenti- cation). The concessioner shall, as per foregoing article, remit this manifest to the forestry official of the section after said timber has arrived at the location of above- mentioned public works. Said timber shall be detained in case of failure to show a proper manifest, and, in addition, a fine of from 1 to 5 per cent of the value of the wood so detained shall be imposed. Art. 38. The chief forestry official of the forest section or the ranger of the pre- cinct shall see that the cutting is carried on in conformity with these regulations and terms of license. He shall compare the statements received from the concessioner and inspect and measure the wood piled or used in said public works. Art. 39. The concessioner shall be considered, as per article 30 of these regula- tions, as an appointee of the district commander or other competent authoritv, and also as his representative in the execution of said public work, and shall be held per- sonally responsible for any violation of these regulations. Art. 40. The concessioner is prohibited from giving away or selling a single piece of wood cut under this form of license, not even under the pretext that it is surplus wood. The wood must be used for the purpose for which it was granted, and should there be any surplus said surplus shall be deposited in the presidencia of the town at the order of the chief of the forest section, who will immediately arrange for its sale at public auction. In such a case the concessioner shall have no right to indemnity of any character, not even for expense of felling, hewing, or transporta- tion, etc. Art. 41. Should any person with a proper license for cutting timber for his per- sonal and exclusive use or for public work cut a greater quantity than is allowed in said license, or takes different classes from those specified, or applies them to a dif- ferent object than that stated by the concessioner, or speculates in them, shall pay the value of the timber and, in addition, a fine of three times its value. Art. 42. Presidents or alcades of towns shall carefully attend to all who desire certificates referred to in the twentv-seventh article and shall exercise care not to make any false statements as to the needs of the applicants, under a penalty of $20 fine for the first offense and an indictment before the courts in case of repetition. Art. 43. Concessioners of gratuitous licenses shall notify the local forest official, or in his absence the president or alcade of the town of the different places where the wood is being piled. Failure to do so shall render concessioner liable to a fine equal to 25 per cent of the value (as per official tariff) of the wood so piled. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 43 Chapter IV. — Firewood for the market. Art. 44. 1. Licenses to cut firewood for the market, to be cut in the State forests 1 shall be issued from this office. 2. Applications for said licenses shall be delivered to the chief of the forest district or section, who will forward same to this office with the necessary remarks. 3. District commanders may issue such licenses, after having received the proper information concerning the circumstances of each particular case from the chief of the forest section of the locality w r here the wood is to be cut. 4. District commanders shall notify this office, and also the chief forestry official of the province, of the number of licenses issued by their order. 5. One year from date of license shall be allowed for the cutting, splitting, and removal of firewood. 6. When said period is not sufficient, a new license shall be solicited, in time to allow of its issue before the expiration of the old license. Art. 45. The tree species of the third, fourth, and fifth groups only can be used for firewood, and those cutting other species shall render themselves liable to a fine of four times the value of the wood, which shall be measured and valued as timber, as per official tariff. Art. 46. When there is a great amount of firewood cut, the concessioner shall localize his cutting and pile the wood beyond the forest, to avoid danger of fire when wood becomes dry. Art. 47. When the forest consists of dead and dry timber as a result of fire, all may be cut down, but if the forest is composed of live trees, those to be cut must be selected and cut down close to the ground. In falling, care must be taken that the adjacent standing trees are not injured. Art. 48. When it is not convenient for the concessioner to pay the value of the products utilized in the office of the internal revenue of the province, on account of its distance from the place of cutting, payment may be made to the president or alcalde of the nearest town, who shall receive the amount, give a receipt to the con- cessioner, and send a copy of this receipt to the nearest forestry official. The sums thus collected by presidents or alcaldes shall be turned into the office of internal revenue. Art. 49. The concessioners shall notify the local forestry official, or in his absence the president of the town, where the wood is being piled. If said notice is not prop- erly given a fine of 25 per cent of the value of the firewood shall be imposed. Art. 50. 1. Firewood cut in the forests of the State shall be divided into two classes. The first class, whether pieces are round or split, is known in the market under the name of " rajas," from 75 centimeters to 1£ meters long, and from 20 to 40 centi- meters in circumference. 2. All firewood in small sticks not of these dimensions belong to the second class. Art. 51. All pieces exceeding the maximum dimensions fixed for firewood shall be designated as timber, paid for by cubic feet, as per official tariff. Art. 52. 1. Firewood of the first class, destined for home consumption, shall be charged for at the rate of $1 per thousand "rajas," and when intended for export at the rate of $2 per thousand "rajas." 2. Firewood of small size belonging to the second class, destined for home con- sumption, shall be charged for at the rate of 20 cents per cubic meter, and when intended for export at the rate of 40 cents per cubic meter. Proportional charge will be made for fractions of a thousand or cubic meter. CnAPTER V. — Caoutchouc, gum clastic, gutta-percha, gum mastic, rosin (black and irhite), and balao. Art. 53. One year from date of license shall be allowed for the harvesting of this class of products. When said period of time is not sufficient, a new license shall be solicited in time to allow its issue before the expiration of the old license. Art. 54. 1. In extracting these products the concessioner shall make cuttings or incisions into the trunks of the trees at least 25 centimeters above the ground. The felling of said trees without permission is absolutely prohibited. 2. These incisions should be made with a very sharp instrument, penetrating the bark and the first layers of wood. 3. The incisions shall be cut horizontally and 25 centimeters in length. 4. When the flow of the juices is obstructed at the opening, the concessioner will be permitted to recut the outer edges, and to enlarge the incision or cutting by 25 centimeters, prolonging it upward. 44 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 5. In those trees which have trunks measuring more than 40 centimeters in diam- eter (approximately 1£ feet), the concessioner will be permitted to make four incisions or cuttings on opposite sides. 6. The width of the cuttings shall never exceed 8 centimeters. 7. A metal or wooden plate may be placed on the lower part of the incision to facilitate the collection of the juice. A vessel may be placed under the incision at the foot of the tree. Art. 55. From the flowering of the tree to the ripening of its fruit, trimming of the edges of said incisions or any lengthening of the same shall not be permitted. Art. 56. Said products may be stored in towns, wards, or other places, at the con- venience of the concessioner, having previously notified the chief forestry official of the section, or in his absence the nearest local authority, in order that the proper legal formalities may be followed. Art. 57. 1. A manifest shall accompany said forest products when transported from one place to another within the same province. Said manifest shall be made out by the chief forestry official of the section or locality; in his absence by the pres- ident or alcalde of the town; or if destined for another province, by the nearest local commander. If the manifest is made by a president, there shall be stated in it the class and weight of each class of products to be removed; but if the manifest is made by the chief forestry official of the section, or in his absence by the nearest local commander, there shall also be stated the value of each class of said products. 2. The torest official at point of destination of products has the right to verify the correctness of the manifest or letter of payment which accompanies said products. If any difference should be found between the amounts shown on said documents, and trie actual amount of cargo, the concessioner shall pay the amount of excess, and if said excess should be more than the fifth part, shall also incur a fine of twice the value of said excess. Art. 58. Concessioners utilizing this class of products shall for the present pay 10 per cent of its value, as per market price in Manila at time of inspection and meas- urement. Chapter VI. — General provisions. Art. 59. 1. Licenses to gather or utilize forest products in the state forests shall be granted by this office. 2. Applications for said licenses must be delivered to the chief forestry official of the forest district or section, or to the district commander, who shall forward same to this office with the necessary indorsements of the forestry official of said district. In the application shall be stated the kinds of forest products desired and the place where said products are to be gathered. 3. The gathering or utilization of forest products can be done only in the forests of the province specified in the license. If the concessioner should cut or gather forest products in the forests of any other province, said products shall be considered as unlawfully cut. 4. No charge shall be made for licenses nor for the authentication or making out of manifests. 5. Reserved forests, and the species of trees the cutting of which is forbidden, will be noted in licenses for the information of the concessioner. The felling of trees of the superior and first groups, excepting ebony, camuning, and lanete, of a less diam- eter than 40 centimeters is absolutely prohibited. 6. The felling in the state forests of trees, from which caoutchouc, gutta-percha, and gum elastic are extracted, is prohibited. The following is a partial list of names of the above-mentioned tree species: Agiotin. Tanguisan baguio. Urostigma sp. Anocep. Tanguisan Bayaba. Artocarpus Camansi. Antipolo. Tibig. Palaquium sp. Palacpalac. Dysoxylum. Ficus sp. Balete. Palaquium. Ficus. Camansi. Artocarpus incisa Li. Ficus cuneata Mig. Malaputad. Palaquium latifolia Bl. Ficus heterophylla L. Tanguisan. 7. The felling in the state forests of the ylang-ylang tree is prohibited. 8. The utilization of forest products not specifically mentioned in these regula- tions shall be by license, and said utilization shall be governed by special conditions which may be ascertained upon presentation of application for a license to utilize said products. Art. 60. Whosoever cuts or removes timber or other forest products prohibited REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 45 by official order, or cuts species the utilization of which is prohibited by special mention in the license, shall incur a penaltv amounting to four times the value of the products. A copy of these regulations shall accompany each license. Art. 61. The concessioner must gather said forest product together, and pile it in the district where cut or gathered, and not where the cutting of timber or other utilization of forest products is forbidden. For any violation he shall incur a penalty of four times the value of the product gathered. Art. 62. 1. The trees to be cut shall be selected and cut down close to the ground, care being taken that no damage be done in falling to the adjacent trees. The concessioner shall compactly pile the branches of all trees felled, and place said branches where the least damage shall be done to the younger growth. 2. Forest products shall be transported as far as possible bv routes where there are few trees, avoiding as far as practicable the destruction of the vounger growth. 3. Concessioners shall be held responsible for any damage to the forests through failure to comply with the above requirements. They shall also be held responsible for violations of said regulations on the part of their representatives or their employees. Art* 63. When the cutting or gathering of forest products has been finished, the concessioner shall notify in writing the nearest forestry official of the place where said product is deposited, the classes and amount of the* same, and its destination. He shall also state if he has left any felled timber in the forest; and if so, the number of trees and the classes. A forestry official shall verify the "statement" of forest products presented bv the concessioner, examining and measuring the same. He will make out, in duplicate, the manifest for each shipment, and give oue copy of this to the concessioner. Art. 64. The concessioner shall not load, sell, nor use any forest product which has not been paid for, unless he has had express authority from the chief of the forestry bureau and has given a satisfactory guaranty to that official. Art. 65. 1. A manifest will not be necessary in case the forest product is not to be removed from the jurisdiction of the town in which the forest is situated. In this case, after having examined, measured, and valued said product, the forestry official of the district or section gives to the concessioner or his representa- tive an order of payment to the internal-revenue office, stating amount to be paid. 2. This having been done, the concessioner or his representative shall deliver the letter acknowledging payment to the official who made out the order, who shall acknowledge receipt of same, making a note at the twttom of the page of the official statement, which he will deliver to the interested party. Having complied with these conditions, the owner of the forest product can dispose of same as he sees fit. 3. For any violation of these requirements he will De liable to a fine of 25 per cent of the value of said product. Art. 66. 1. When the forest product is to he transported by land or by river from one town to another, within the same province, the carrier must be provided with a manifest, signed by the concessioner or his representative and authenticated by the forestry official residing in the town where the timber or other forest product was cut or gathered, and in case there should be no such official there, then by the president or alcalde. Upon the arrival of said product at its destination, it can not be disposed of until the forms as provided for in the foregoing conditions are com- plied with. 2. The concessioner shall not remove said product in case it is to be carried by land or river from one province to another without having first paid its value in the internal-revenue office of the province in which the forest is situated. 3. The concessioner may remove said product after having the manifest indorsed by the forestry official to the effect that it has been paid for, and said manifest must accompany the person in charge of above transportation. 4. Should said product be transported by sea and shipped from one point to another in the archipelago the payment may, at the option of the concessioner, be made in the office of internal revenue at the place of origin or destination. 5. In the first case, where payment has been made at place of origin, the conces- sioner will be governed by section 3, in that the cargo must be accompanied by the manifest, upon which has been noted the receipt of the letter of payment. 6. In the second instance, he must be provided with the manifest given by the forestry official or by the president or alcalde of the town of departure; the conces- sioner being held responsible for any difference which may be found at the inspection at port of arrival. 7. The person in charge of forest products transported by sea will, within five days of arrival at port of destination, present the manifest to the nearest forestry official. 46 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLAND8. 8. Failure to carry out the above requirement will render the party so offending liable to a discretionary penalty, which shall not exceed $100. Art. 67. 1. The chief forestry official of the district or section shall, after inspec- tion, give the order to unload, after the manifest has been presented showing that said product has been paid for. If this verification of the cargo shows that the figures agree with the manifest, it shall be delivered to the interested party, noting on same the said fact. 2. If an excess of cargo should be found and should not exceed 10 per cent of cargo, payment of full amount of cargo only shall be paid by the concessioner; but if such excess should be found to be more than 10 per cent, a penalty, as indicated in article 72, shall be paid by the concessioner in addition to full payment on cargo as found at inspection. 3. If the product has not been paid for, the order of payment shall be given to the concessioner, made out for the amount as shown on the provisional manifest, and upon payment of which, as shown by the presentation of the letter of payment, the order to unload is given, and subsequent proceedings shall conform with that laid down in the preceding paragraph. 4. If the concessioner should, at the termination of his voyage, dispose of said product without having first obtained the order to discharge he shall incur a penalty of 25 per cent of the value of same, in addition to other penalties to which he may be liable for other violations. 5. In order to move said product after it has been unloaded, the owners or persons in charge must be provided with a manifest indorsed by the official who inspected at the time of loading. In no instance shall the order to unload be used in place of the manifest in order to move the said product. Art. 68. If payment on said product should be delayed more than one month, counting from the date of the order of payment, a penalty of 50 per cent of its value will be incurred. Art. 69. In case of accidents or of damage to ships, or where the product is carried in mail vessels which can not be delayed in port, said product may be unloaded at once, having previously given a satisfactory bond or cash deposit, fixed in each case by the chief forestry official of the district. Art. 70. 1. When a cargo of a forest product is to be exported to China, Australia, or any other point outside of the archipelago, the concessioner before loading shall pay into the internal-revenue office a sum equal to $2 for each ton of capacity registered by the vessel in which the shipment is to be made, as a guarantee of payment of the value of said product. 2. After the deposit is made loading may begin under a designated forestry official who will make out the official statement of the product loaded. 3. This having been finished, the ship may begin her voyage, and the concessioner should repair to the nearest forestry official in order to obtain the order of payment, and having proven same by presenting the letter of payment an order will be made out which will enable him to withdraw his deposit and be free from all responsibility to this bureau for said cargo. 4. In case the manifest is not shown the forest product shall be detained and a fine of from 1 to 5 per cent of the value of the products imposed. Art. 71. 1. Presidents or alcaldes of the towns who officially authenticate mani- fests which contain inaccuracies prejudicial to the state shall incur a fine of not less than $5. 2. Where a forestry official is unable to act, the president or alcalde of the town who fails, when called upon by a concessioner, to inspect and measure the wood or other forest product, either in person or by sending another official belonging to the municipality, shall incur a fine of not less than $5. Art. 72. Violations of these regulations as to time and manner of utilizing the pub- lic forest products, where no damage has been caused, will be punished by a discretion- ary fine which shall not exceed $100. In case damage has been caused the party so offending shall be held responsible and pay for same, and shall pay in addition a fine of from 10 to 25 per cent of said damage, according to the nature of the case. In cases of grave violations of these regulations by any concessioner or his repre- sentatives or employees the license may be withdrawn after due notice to the party in interest. Art. 73. 1. All cutting or harvesting of the products of the public forests without license shall be considered fraudulent, and will be punished as follows: If the products be not timber, and subject to payment, the delinquent will be com- pelled to pay the value of the same and damages, and also a fine for the first offense of from 25 to 50 per cent of said value, 50 to 75 per cent for the second offense, and 100 per cent for the third offense, with confiscation and loss of products. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 4f 2. If the product is timber, and whether subject to payment or not, the delinquent shall pay the value of the same and damage, and also a fine of 1 cent for each 10 cubic decimeters for the first offense, 2 cents per 10 cubic decimeters for the second offense and for the third offense 2£ cents per cubic decimeter, with confiscation and loss of said timber. A R .T*. 7 \ Unauthorized clearing of public lands, especially bv fire, is absolutely prohibited. Offenders shall t>e punished T)v a fine of $20 per hectare for the ground so burnt over, and m case of insolvency shall serve a term in prison to correspond to- the time required to liquidate said fine at the rate of $2.50 per day; said term of imprisonment shall not exceed sixty days. The land unlawfully occupied must be immediately abandoned, this for the first offense; for the second offense $30 per hec- tare and the immediate abandonment of the property, and in case of insolvency imprisonment as above described for a term not to exceed ninety days. For the third offense, $50 per hectare and immediate abandonment of the property In case of insolvency imprisonment as above described not to exceed one hundred and eighty days. This penalty shall not be increased for subsequent offenses, but if it should be* proven that the burning was done through malice the offender shall be punished according to the penal code. Art. 75. 1. Persons owning lands containing trees suitable for lumber, firewood or other forest products shall immediately present certified copies of their title deedi at this office for registration. 2. Forest products taken from private lands whose owners have not complied with these requirements shall be considered unlawfully taken. Art. 76. In order that forestry officials may exercise an intelligent supervision, over the utilization of forest products, all said products of land owned by towns or by private individuals, and which leave the jurisdiction where said lands are situ- ated, shall be accompanied by a statement, signed by the owner or administrator of the estate and by the president or alcalde of the town, in which statement shall be described the number, class, and amount of forest product and the place where cut or gathered, and shall also show a receipt from the forestry bureau of registra- tion of title to said land. Failure to present this statement will render the owner of said forest product liable- to the penalties incurred by parties fraudulently taking forest products from the for- ests of the state. Art. 77. The officer in charge of the forestry bureau is charged with the duty of preparing the blank forms necessary for the enforcement of the foregoing regulations and distributing the same as the necessities of the service may require By command of Major-General MacArthur: _. K. H. Chowder, Lieutenant-Colonel Thirty-ninth Infantry, V. K V., Secretary. FORESTS OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The Philippine Islands lie between 4° 45' and 21° north latitude and between 116° and 127° east longitude, with an area of 119,542 square miles. The islands are all mountainous, some of the high peaks having an altitude close to 9,000 feet above the sea. In many of the islands the steep mountain slopes begin close to the seacoast, and to the casual observer the entire area is woodland. It has been estimated that of the 73,000,000 acres in the islands more than 6.000,000 are under cultiva- tion. (Jordana, 1890.) We find various estimates for the forest area by former officials. The official geographic statistics of 1876 fix the forest areaat 51,537,243 acres. Fernando Castro estimated the forest area in 1890 at 48,112,920 acres. This includes all woodland, private as well as public land. As one travels over the islands he is constantly struck with the large population to the square mile and the scarcity of timber close to the main traveled routes and centers of population. As one leaves the main traveled routes vast virgin forests are met with, rich in valuable hard woods, dyewoods, gums, and other products, waiting for the skill and enterprise of the American capitalist. On the island of Cebu, 48 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. where we find a population of 290 to the square mile, not a merchant- able stick of timber is evident, with the exception of a small tract of forest left in the northern end of this island, which forest must there- fore be carefully looked after. The island of Panay, with a population of 150 to the square mile, is almost denuded of good timber. In Luzon, where the population averages 78 to the square mile, we find no timber in the vicinity of centers of population. As we travel over the only line of railwa3 r in the islands, from Manila to Dagupan, a distance of 120 miles, we fail to see a single merchantable stick within several miles of the road. But there are tracts in various parts of Luzon where much valuable timber remains. In the northern end of the island, in Cagayan and Isabela provinces, there are at least 2,000,000 acres of valuable forest remaining. The entire east coast of Luzon, from the northern end as far south as Atimonan, comprising several million acres, is practically a virgin forest. In northwestern Luzon very little merchantable tim- ber is left, with the exception of the slopes above 3,000 feet, where we find a species of pine (Pinus insularin) flourishing, all ages mingled together. The maximum pines seen were close to 4 feet in diameter and more than 100 feet in height. Here the pine obtains a diameter of 12 inches in about twenty years. Almost every acre of these north- western mountains is burnt over each year by the savages, but the larger pines seem to survive these repeated scorchings. Through central Luzon the timber has been cut away, leaving small tracts of fairly good forest in a few places. In southern Luzon, in Tayabas and the Camarines, we find some large tracts fairly well covered with a variety of valuable tree species. As we enter the southwestern islands, extending from Mindoro through to Paragua, we leave the more traveled routes, and find a sparselv settled region where the virgin forests have been apparently untouched. In this group you will find upward of 4,000,000 acres of virgin forest extending from the water's edge to the summits of the mountains. Some cutting has been done in this region, but it has amounted to a mere thinning of the edges of the forest. This group of islands is celebrated for the great quantity of narra, or Philippine mahogany, molave, ipil, and calantas (the Philippine cedar). Here we find valuable hard woods 4 or 5 feet in diameter with magnificent clear trunks for 80 feet up to the first limb. As a rule we find all over the . islands that the largest trees have not been felled, owing to the lack of facilities for handling heavy timbers. Veiy little cleared land is found in Mindoro. Its reputation as a death trap for white men will change as a few hundred square miles are cleared of timber and its rich soil . devoted to agriculture. A vigorous thinning of at least 50 per cent of the present forest growth of Mindoro and Paragua would make them much more salubrious than at present. The island of Mindanao, with an area of more than 23,000,000 acres, is almost entirely covered by forest. The vast majority of the population of this island is found in coast towns, with the exception of the region in the north surrounding the Laguna de Lanao, where we find a large population of Moros. Very little timber has been cut in this island owing to the scarcity of labor and the distance to market. It would be sate to estimate at least 10,000,000 acres of virgin forest for this island alone. The southern part of this island, in the region southeast of Cotabato, is noted for its gutta-percha, rubber, and other gums. More than $300,000 was paid at Cotabato for these gums last year, REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 49 all of which product was shipped to Singapore. There are a number of rivers in this island sufficiently large for log-driving purposes. Of the other larger islands we~find valuable forests in the islands of Leyte and Saniar. The island of Negros has been cut over rather thoroughly for a great many years, and it will not be long before it will be in the same condition as the island of Cebu, if the forests are not protected. This island (Negros), prior to June, 1901, was under a separate government with its own forestry service. The forestry bureau at Manila now has jurisdiction in this island, and will promptly introduce the forestry officials trained at Manila, enforce there the forestry regulations, and protect what is left of their forests. We may safely estimate that there are at least 20,000,000 acres of virgin forest in these islands, with an average of at least 15,000 feet board measure of valuable hardwood to the acre. Up to the present date the Bureau has listed titi5 native tree species, of several hundred of which little more is known than their names! During the past year about lt>0 different native woods have entered the market, the most valuable of which for construction purposes is niolave. Molave, ipil. yacal, and dungon are remarkable for their durability and strength. The qualities of a few of these woods are very well known to the natives, and the specifications for the main timbers in house construction carefully provide that the timbers used shall be some of these mentioned. In addition to their value in ordi- nary construction they have exceptional qualities when used as paving blocks. Two of the bridges in Manila were paved with molave blocks about six years ago have been subjected to the heaviest traffic in the city, and, apparently, at the present date, not a single block has been splintered. The calantas. or Philippine cedar, is almost entirely used in making cigar boxes. Narra, tindalo, acle, and luan are used principally as furniture woods. Betis, aranga, and dungon are generally used as piles, for which there is a great demand in the Manila market. The other important construction woods are baticulin, batitinan, amuguis, guijo. apitong, panao, sacat, balacat, malabulac! and malasantol. TIMBER USED IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS FROM JULY 1, 11)00, TO APRIL 30, 1901. There are various sources of supply for the timber market of the Philippines, namely, public lands of the islands, private woodlands, and importations from the United States and other foreign countries. A more detailed statement of the amount of forest products taken from public lands during this period will be found in the appendix. The total amount of timber taken from public lands for this period is found to be j ^75 405 Timber from private woodlands for the name period ' 97' $08 Importations by private parties ][] 355* 7^4 Amount shipped to the Philippines bv the Quartermaster's "Department tor the use of the government from July 1, 1900, to April 23, 1901 713 642 I he total amount of firewood used is 1 629' 635 (None but lower grade woods permitted to be used" "for thiHpurpose") ' ' A very small total, when we consider the vast forests from which they are extracted and the great demand for timber in the islands. Much of this native timber was cut as early as 1890, but not brought 11064—01 4 50 REPORT OF FORE8TRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. to market on account of the revolution. It was onl} r during the past year that the timber cut since 1896 could be brought to market. Up to the present time it has been impossible to cut enough timber for the actual necessities, forcing the government to send to America for the timber needed for storehouses for the troops, for bridges, and other public works. The amount of timber per capita used in these islands is less than 1 per cent of the corresponding amount used in the United States. The total amount used, including importations, is much less than the annual growth of forest in the province of Cagayan alone, and when we consider that the logging parties are small and are cutting in over 40 different provinces and islands, not much danger is to be apprehended that any loss of our present capital will result. At least 50 per cent of the timber cut on public lands has been used by the government in the construction of its many barracks, store- houses, bridges, and other public works. Native property owners throughout the islands have been unable to rebuild their homes, find- ing it impossible to get material. When peace prevails in the islands more men will be employed in the forests, and it will take three or four years for the native and other residents of the islands to cut only such timber as is absolutely necessary for construction. The engineers and builders in Hongkong and other ports of the Orient prefer the Philip- pine timber to that of the other islands of the East Indies, but have been unable to secure an} r cargoes lately, owing to the scarcity of sup- ply and great local demand, and in response to an inquiry from them as to when they could secure some of this timber, I replied that it would not be possible to obtain any within three years, unless they paid a price far higher than that they wish to give at the present time. It is also to be noted that no native wood has been exported since the organization of the present bureau. For the next four months a decreased output of timber will be noted, due to the fact that the south- west monsoon and the typhoon season is on and transportation by sea somewhat uncertain. The rains have commenced and will stop loggers in some parts of the islands. PRIVATE WOODLANDS. The forestry regulations provide that owners of woodlands may cut and market their timber after registration of titles to these lands in the central office at Manila. A printed form is then issued to the owner of the land stating that this registration has been made; his title is returned, and on it also is noted the fact of registration. He is also informed that this registration is no guaranty of title. Parties cutting timber on their own woodland without having regis- tered their titles are obliged to pay the government valuation on the timber in addition to a fine. All land is considered public land until a title is shown — a title which has formerly been registered in some register of property as provided by Spanish law. Seventy-four tracts of woodland have been registered up to date, aggregating a total area of about 125,000 acres; more than 120,000 acres of this total are found in the island of Luzon. In February last the nationalities of owners of 68 woodland tracts were as follows: Spanish German English Filipino „ REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 51 After announcement of the passage of what was known as the Spooner amendment, quite a number of titles were presented and six onlv were found eligible for registration. l T p to the present date titles to woodlands owned by religious orders have not been presented for registration. It is believed that the aggre- gate of these holdings by the religious orders will not exceed 400,000 acres. It is believed that the total holdings of woodland by private parties will not exceed 1,000,000 acres. These private holders have shown a disposition to retain their properties ana utilize them for their own use. The native especially shows a disposition to cling to his land, and is averse to selling, although a high price is occasionally offered to him. From July 1, 1000. to April 30, l!>01, the following utilizations of forest products on private woodland have been noted: Tim»>er - - cubic feet. . 97, 808 Firewood vu i } [ v met ers. . ltt, 0,S4 Charcoal ( lo.... 4,550 Each shipment of forest products from private woodlands must be accompanied by a certificate of the president of the nearest town that this product was taken from such a party's private land. The regula- tions referring to private woodlands are as follows: Akt. 75. Persons owning lands containing: trees suitable for lumber, firewood, or other forest products, shall immediately present certified copies of their title deeds at this office for registration. 2. Forest products taken from private lands whose owners have not complied with these requirements shall be considered unlawfully taken. Art. 7tf. In order that forestry officials may 'exercise an intelligent supervision over the utilization of forest products, all said products of lands owned by towns or by private individuals, and which leave the jurisdiction where said lands are situated, shall be accompanied by a statement signed by the owner or administrator of the estate and by the president or alcalde of the 'town, in which statement shall be described the number, class, and amount of forest product and the place where cut or gathered, and shall also show a receipt from the forestry bureau of registration of said title to said land. Failure to present this statement will render the owner of said forest product liable to the penalties incurred by parties fraudulently taking forest products from the forests of the state. PRICES OF NATIVE TIMBER. More than J)() per cent of the native timber is used for construction purposes. The price of timber in the log at the end of the first haul varies from tfo to 70 cents (Mexican) per cubic foot. Transportation to the Manila market is from 40 to 50 cents (Mexican) per cubic foot where parties do not use their own boats. The prices of the superior or first- group woods is very uncertain, varying from #1.50 to more than #2.50 (Mexican) per cubic foot. When special sizes in the higher grade timbers are required, as much as #5 and #0 have been paid per cubic foot; this for timbers to be used in house construction. The finest hard woods for furniture (narra, tindalo, ach\ camagon, lauan) can often be purchased at a smaller price than is paid for a few special varieties of native woods that are of particular value (molave, ipil. yacab betis) in house construction. Under the Spanish administration the price of timber at the end of the first haul was about '2D cents (Mexican) and much was laid down in Manila for 50 cents (Mexican) per cubic foot, and even less. The government price on its timber, as per forestry regulations, 52 REPORT OF FORE8TRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. must be paid before the timber leaves for the market. This money is paid into the nearest internal-revenue office. The government valuation of its timber and firewood has been close to 5 per cent of the current market price. The government valuation of other forest products has been uniformly 10 per cent of the current market price. The demand for timber for house construction is strong and will continue as peace is restored and people return to their homos in the provinces and commence rebuilding. The China market for Philippine woods is very good, but it will be some years before the people in the ports of the Orient will be willing to pay the prices current in the market in Manila. The demand for certain of our fine hard woods by furniture and cabinet makers in the United State* will arise as soon as these woods become known. We have a number of varieties of tine hard woods which should appeal to these furniture makers. In the course of a year or two, when American appliances and skill are at work in the forests, we should be able to place cargoes of these varieties on board ship for not more than §1 (Mexican) per cubic foot. Transportation to the United States costs between ${) and $15 gold per 1,000 B. M. Almost any lengths can be obtained and diameters up to 5 and feet. During Spanish times the large trees were left untouched owing to the lack of facilities for handling them. Occa- sionally a tree (> or 7 feet in diameter would be felled and one slab taken from it, from which to make a table. Many of these tine table tops can be seen throughout the islands, some of them more than 7 feet in diameter. Ordinarily the native loggers are paid at a fixed price per cubic foot laid down at tide water or on railroad. There are four sawmills in the city of Manila and hundreds of carpenter shops where the Chinamen rip out boards by hand and make a fair profit. Parties desiring to purchase a few hard-wood boards to make a little rough furniture will often pay from 25 to 50 cents (Mexican) per running foot for the same. CAN THE FORESTS OF THE PHILIPPINES BE DEVASTATED? Not if a proper number of trained officials are provided and the present forestry regulations are enforced. The following safeguards against forest devastation in the Philip- pines are worthy of consideration: First. The physical obstacles. Second. The forest regulations. Third. Supervision of forestry officials. Fourth. Local demand for but few of the many hundred native woods. The physical obstacles will not be appreciated without a few months' observation on the ground. The real difficulties appear only after the work in the field has commenced and apparentlv all contingencies provided tor. To begin with, there are no roads into the best forest tracts; the rivers are full of snags and impediments to their use as driveways. Road construction in the jungle is difficult, expensive, and hazardous. Many of the most valuable woods will not float, thus necessitating REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 53 the use of bamboo rafts, or placing alternate logs of light specific gravity between heavy ones. On the logging road the only animal available for transportation in these islands is the earabao, an animal of but moderate strength who readily succumbs to overwork or disease. A plague of rinderpest has carried off thousands of these animals during the past two years, leav- ing many communities in a most helpless condition. There are iiq appliances in the island suitable for handling large and heavy logs, and if such appliances should be secured, skilled w r hite labor must be employed until the native can be properly trained to their use. Many of the natives are good workmen, quick and clever, and in time will be able to do much of the skilled work that for the next few vears must be done by white men. The great mass of the natives, especially those living near large forest tracts, seem disinclined to con- stant and heavy labor and can not be depended upon to remain any length of time at their work. Much depends on the kind of treatment received from the employer; the wage paid does not seem of as much importance to the natives as consideration for their whims. The aver- age laborer while in the woods can be counted on to cut and square from 5 to 8 cubic feet a day. It will take a couple of years to make even a few good roads and improve the driveways, install appliances for handling large logs and teach the natives how to use them, and then if the native is found will- ing to work, lumber companies might be able to get out what they consider a paying quantity of timber. Then when they are ready to extract this timber, the regulations throw around them many restrictions which will prevent any wholesale devastation. The greatest safeguard is found in that article of the regulations which provides that the felling of any tree species of the superior or 'y first group (35 leading woods) of less diameter than 40 centimeters (15 J inches) is absolutely prohibited. Regulations provide that the timber to be felled be first selected; provide 4 also that only certain of the low-grade woods can be cut by those holding gratuitous licenses and those cutting firewood for the market. Regulations prohibit the felling of the gutta-percha, rubber, and other trees producing valuable gums. They also provide that when the trees are felled and piled notice must be sent to the nearest forestry official, which official shall measure, appraise, and see that the govern- ment valuation is paid on this timber before it is removed. When this timber reaches the market it is again inspected by an official who carefully revises the classification of the first official, meas- ures each log a second time, and sees that the government is paid its full value for its timber. Each log receives a bureau stamp as soon as it leaves the forest. The forestry official is strictly charged to supervise the work of the logger to see that only the proper trees are felled and that the timber is so hauled through the forest as to cause the least damage to the younger growth. He reports at once any violation of the forestry regulations. The regulations provide the forestry officials with the power to fine, and to stop the movement of forest products to the market, if any of its provisions are violated. 54 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. RECOMMENDATIONS. Two great obstacles are encountered in providing for a forestry serv- ice of these islands, namely, a lack of properly trained officials and, second, a great variety of unknown tree species. The United States this year inaugurates the scientific exploitation of 50,000,000 acres of public forest land. The few foresters now in the States will be offered inducements to enter that service. Fift\ r trained foresters would find ample work in the Philippine for- ests at the present time, but it is doubtful if appeals to the forestry service in Germany, India, and Java would result in securing half a dozen men. The great objection offered by these men, as I have stated before, will be that no provision is made for retirement for disability or for age. Life in the Tropics, and especially in a tropical forest, is not without considerable danger, and a foreigner can hardly be expected to leave the forestry service in his own country to go to strange lands where pernicious malaria or dysentery may incapacitate him within a few months after his arrival. These forests can be properly cared for as soon as trained foresters are provided. It is believed that a personal visit to Germany, India, and Java by some one interested in this service, and with authority to employ, would result in securing a few men. The next difficulty will be found in finding a market for the several hundred varieties of native woods found within a comparatively small area in almost any part of these islands. The first step in this direction is now being made. One hundred varieties of native woods have been selected, polished, and labeled, and shipped to the United States, where they are to be placed on exhibition at the Pan-American Exposition at Buffalo, and later to be permanently placed in the Agricultural Department at Washington. The exhibi- tion of these hard woods will interest our furniture makers, and may tend to divert buyers from Central and South America to the Philip- pines. A vast amount of hard wood is imported into the United States each year at a high price. There is no reason why many of the Philip- pine varieties of fine quality should not find a ready market with the furniture makers. Many fine varieties of native woods are not popular in the Philip- pines on account of their nonresistance to the white ant and climate, which objections would not be met with in the United States. The regulations provide for the felling of all trees by selection. Objections will be made by the lumbermen that there is no market for the 400 or 500 varieties of tree species thus selected. The duty of finding a market for such varieties thus devolves upon the forestry bureau. There are at present samples of more than 450 varieties of native tree species in the office at Manila. Each month will find more varieties added to this number, and in time, after investigation of the quality of these woods as to strength and durability, more varieties will become popular in the market. The forestry school should be inaugurated as soon as possible at Manila for the purpose of training the present forestry officials. Very respectfully, George P. Ahern, Captain Ninth U. S. Infantry, in Charge of Bureau. The Secretary of War. REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 55 Statement of utilization of forest products from public lands, Philippine Islands, from July 1, 1900, to April 30, 1901. Firewood. Month and year. Timber, Group first. Group second Charcoal 1900. Cubic ft ft. July 90.793 August 82,041 September 103, 60S October 1 W. 758 November 180,341 December 218, 345 Total ! 861 . SS 210, 14 March 23 547.83 April 29 336.30 Total . 2.515.32 820. 38 23.72 3. 56 165.47 1,393.12 84 413 92 total.. Grand Mav 3,765.54 : 968.83 | 42.52 92. 79 533.81 2,669.19 147,139.44 21 i. 799, 06 June ' -_ j 25, 434. 61 Total . 199,373 11 ; j 1 Mexican. Statistics of sums collected on forest products from public lands, Philippine Islands , July to December, 1900. Province. Antique Albay Bataan Batangas ...• Bulacan Cagayan Camarines North ('a marines South Caniz Catanduancs Cavite Cebu Cotabato Davao Iloilo Isabela de Basilan Jolo Laguna Leyte Manila Timber. \ Firewood. $887. 81 1,009.58 764. 73 3, 439. 67 8, 008. 90 1,187.89 3, 408. 14 334. 40 35.18 40.83 215. 35 1,509.20 1,078.93 19. 32 29. 93 407. 21 169.38 $1.56 950. 81 109.64 385. 72 20. 30 50.70 7.47 112.77 88.21 1.00 6.00 301 . 07 4.50 4.72 80.45 31.80 Charcoal. Rubber. Bark. $10.00 $0.75 .90 24.10 73.00 56 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Statistics of sums collected on forest products from public lands, etc. — Continued. Province. Marinduque Masbate Mindoro Morong Nueva Ecija Negros Pampanga.. Pangasinan Romblon ... Samar Sorsogon ... Surigao Tarlac Tayabas Zam bales... Zamboanga. Total Province. Antique Albay Bataan Batangas Bulaean Cagayan Camarines North Camarines South Capiz Catanduanes Cavite Cebu Cotabato Davao Iloilo Isabela de Basilan Jolo Laguna Leyte Manila Marinduque Masbate Mindoro Morong Nueva Ecija Negros Pampanga.. Pangasinan Romblon . . . Samar Sorsogon .. Surigao Tarlac Tayabas . . . Zambales . . Zamboanga Timber. $3, 1G2. 58 760.16 254.45 1,154.32 2, 457. 56 7, 540. 09 1,113.88 1 , 798. 12 414.00 1,922.62 128.47 6, 7?9. 17 1,900.99 1,992.66 Firewood. 841.30 420.40 62.00 208.70 158. 49 .63 1,636.69 159. 10 5.50 Charcoal. i Rubber. $24.07 1.60 $313. 10 3.40 Bark. £4.40 1.88 8.30 181.60 15.80 73.60 112.92 70.88 1.96 53,925.52 i 5,306.29 Dye wood. Gum mastic. $44. 20 $19.60 18.75 : Vegetable ! Fi oil. < * ines ' $22. 19 12.90 44. 43 1(50. 32 3.03 16.14 3.92 ; 304.39 ; 1,217.62 5.14 .50 1.18 32. 56 129. 11 .50 Total Sum paid the government of Negros for timber 368. 34 Total (Mexican) $18. 80 13.00 1,250.22 18.80 24.34 1.07 32. 10 26. 01 14. 82 318. 58 70. 34 38.51 105. 83 5. 69 103. 72 60.11 44.03 1 , 276. 07 Total. $1.56 887.81 1 , 982. 58 942. 22 3, 869. 82 8, 189. 52 1,241.62 3, 435. 21 128. 91 334.40 128.21 (50. 58 221 . 35 1,241.72 •2,192.80 1,083.43 19.32 35.83 520. 72 330. 29 41.30 3,(531.39 829. 73 495. 25 1 , 338. 82 2, 493. 69 9,816.76 1 , 343. 32 1 , 858. 53 414.00 2, 210. 05 149.96 6, 9(57. 49 2, 159. 30 2,12(5.07 1.96 62, 725. 52 976. 42 61,749.10 Native tvcods brought to market in the Philippine Islands from July lto December 31, 1900. Names of timber. Cubic feet. Names of timber. Cubic feet. Superior group 113,479 Superior group— Continued. Teca. Tindalo. First group Calantas (28,457 cubic feet). Cam agon. Dunaron. 20, 427 Ypil j Yacal. Molave (28,709 cubic feet) . Narra (28,149 cubic feet). | Acle. Anubing. Bansalaguin. Baticuling (5,624 cubic feet). REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLAND8. 57 Xatire woods brought to market in the Philippine Islands, etc. — Continued. Names of timber. Cubic feet. i Names of timber. 1 Cubic feet. . ... _^ _m First group— Continued. Third group— Continued. 1 Batitinan (4,877 cubic feet). Laco-laeo. | Bavueo. | Lauan (101.025 cubic feet). 1 i Beds (4,551 cubic feet). *' Lumbang. Calamansanay. | Luyusin. i Cubi. 1 Magtalisav. t Lancte amuguis (19,788 cubic feet).! ' Malaanang. i Second group ! 148,142 ! Malaclmc. i i Aranga. Malac-inalac. I Banaba. Maladuron. Bancal. i Malagao-gao. ■ Bauuvo. | Malapalicpic-bito. i Bildo. 1; Malasapit. pungonlate. Malasapsap. Guijo (73,041 cubic feet). Malatalang. Lanutan. ;; Malatumhagn. ■ Macaasin. Mambog. Malacadios. Manicnie. Malacatmon. Maobo. Malaruhat. ! Mayapis. Mangachapuy. Miao. Mangasinorn. j Odling. Nato. 1 Pagatpat. Pasac. i i I'alaepalac. Supa. i ; Palosapis. Tangilc. I'aluinbuyeii. Tucan-ealao. |i Panmntulin. Third group 367,8(17 I! Pamisalcn. A • » • ■ "■- ( 1 J Abilo. II Panao (30,171 cubic feet). Aclengparang. l! Panalalian. Agiotin. j i.i Paraya. AJosajos. 1 ! Putian. Alintatao. 1 Sacat (28,333 cubic feet). Almaciga. j Sali papa. Alnion. ! Sambulanau. Alupay. f Tacaran. Amugan. ! Tagontoii. Anagap. ; Tambabas. Ana tan. j Tailing. Anoccp. j Toog. Anubiong. Unip. Anubling. Aninapla. ! Fourth group 203, 921 Anam. Anunang. Anilao. Antipolo. Bagonantol. Balacat (36,180 cubic feet). A palaug. i Apitong (59,333 cubic feet), Balaybayan. Apupuyot. Balibago. Ata-ata. i Balueot. Bagaluga. Hainan. Baguilumboy. Hanalo. Balavon. Bignay. Balete. i Bilucao. Balinhasay. i Binavuvo. Balobo. i Bocboc. Bauate. i Bogo. Batctc. Calumpang. Bayoc. ]>a]>dap. Bayucan. Himbabao. Biualuan. i Ligaa. Binuang. 1 Malabago. Bitoc. Malabulac (20,571 cubic feet). Bitanhol. | Malabunga. Bulao. ! Mala papaya. Runglas. j Malasamat. Bunuan. Malasantol (04,694 cubic feet). Cabaoy. Malatubig. Calumangog. Pingol. Calungatingan. i Putab. Calunipit. Salab. Cunang. Dalhing. i i Tanag. 1 Uban. Dalinsi, i 8,050 Dao. Bacao (7,751 cubic feet). Ditaa. Bacauan. (iatasan. (iuyong-guyong. Libato puti. Hagad-had. Total 8f)l , 88(5 Hinlalaong. 58 REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. Native woods Irrought to market in the Philippine Islands, etc. — Continued RECAPITULATION. Varieties. Cubic- feet; Value. Superior group First group Second group.. Third group ,.. Fourth group.. Fifth group Total 9 113,479 515, 887. 06 10 20, -127 2, 042. 70 20 148, 142 1 1 , 851 . 36 91 307,807 1 1 , 036. 01 30 203, 921 4, 078. 42 3 8,050 80. 50 163 861,886 : 44,976.05 Increased charges, result of second inspection $8, 949. 47 Amount by timber 53, 925. 52 Firewood '. 5. 306. 29 342. 00 148. 45 89. 23 rew Charcoal Rubber . Bark Dyewood 308. 34 Gum mastic 1 , 250. 22 Vegetable oil is. 80 Fines 1 . 276. 07 General total 62, 725. 52 Sum refunded the government of Negros for timber 976. 42 Total til , 749. 10 Statement of licenses issued from July 1, 1900, to May 14, 1901. Station of for estrv official. Aparri Laoag Aringay Bagnio Dagupan Lubig Tarlac Angeles San Fernando . Arayat Calumpit Omni Malabon Manila Batangas Guinajanga ... Pasacao Legaspi Iloilo Province, Cagayan and Island Cala- yan. Abra Isabela Ilocos, North Ilocos, South Union Benguet Pangasinan Zam bales Neuva Eeija Principe Tarlac j-Pampanga Bulacan Bataan Manila Morong Laguna Cavitc Batangas Tayabas Camarincs , North Camarines, South Albav Sorsogon Lubany and Marinduque (islands). Romblon, Sibuyan, and Tablas (islands). Burias (islands) Ticas (island) Masbate (island) Iloilo, Panay, and Gui- maras. Capiz, Panay Concepcion, Panay, and Pan de Alucan. Timber. 30 2 *> i 4 20 15 2 31 37 17 29 8 12 1 3 24 4 5 5 4 3 5 1 •> Am 13 10 1 1 7 12 1 1 Fire- wood. R » bh "-\ ,«J'S. Gratui- tous. 1 Amount. 3 i 47 i 1 ■ ') 1 3 1 i 2 3 1 3 •) ! 11 8 < 15 12 *> I 43 1 ! 18 «) 1 « 44 11 '■ 48 3 , 20 31 00 _ - .. ... 1 15 11 ; 23 4 1 i 10 3 , 4 •) 5 19 10 53 1 5 3 1 • 9 o ] 8 3 7 3 ') o 9 1 »> o 1 6 1 3 23 28 <> REPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 59 Statement of licenses issued from July 1, 1900, to May 14, 1901— Continued. Station of for- estry official. Province. Timber. .^V Rubber. .?>;*: wood. wood. Gratui- tous. Amount. Cebu I Cebu and (islands) Ca- \ motes. ■ Levte. Maripipi, Caman- ciay. and Bihran. Catbalogan ! Samar Zamboanga, Mindanao i Surigao, Mindanao. Bucas. and Dinagat. Matti. Mindanao i Davao. Mindanao I Basilan ( islands) 4 3 1 2 3 l ; l I 3 . 3 1 • > O Total amount 348 lt»9 32 10 21 10 5 10 1 8 ft 3 580 Stat ement 19 41 1 1 t; l i l l (549 14,248 1 , 908 3W 91 (i 13, loO 2 (», 104 12.4(>3 l^ft 92 32 56 50 45 97 51 79 98 23 50 1 49, 898 80 71 (.2 65 25 1 123,475 acres. t*™«i^ (5H w » ortl «» d tr "<^ registered were as follows: Spanish, 7: an"^^ an.endment quite a number of titles were presented Land of religious orders not yet presented for registration. NOTES ON GEOGRAPHY AND POPULATION IN THE PHILIPPINES. Philippine Islands: Magellan landed in Celm 1521; Manila occupied 1505 bv Sal- T ' o c^'^'.f.f n ,° rth tn L>1 ° ,lorth; Jon^ritude, 110° east to 127° east. Chart* show 948 to 1 , / 25 islands. Areas given by Philippine Commission, 119,542 square miles. ' ' 1874-Yidal-Area-Map-Coella 71,989,^85 Map, Ilydrographic Olhee « 78 345 415 Per annual statement ".*."."." .".'."." .\\".\" 7S\ OO^ 495 (;ko(!kai»iiic statistics. 1870 — Area City property . Cultivated hind 09, Cncultivated land ]2 Forest land ~>1, 1890 — Jordana, area approximated .*..". 1>9 Area cultivated land ..........] \( 1 890— Fernando Castro, f< >rest area '.'. ~. '. ~. '.'. ~. '.'.'.'.'. I '. 48' Land occupied by Moros and independent tribes .... . .... * . . . * * \ 24 Acres. 750, 245 432, 025 0.32,041 158,740 587, 248 100,000 1 75, 000 112,920 700, 0(H) 60 BBPORT OF FORESTRY BUREAU, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Geographic statistics — Continued. Luzon Mindanao ... Samar Negron Panay Mindoro Paragua Leyte Cebu Bohol Masbate CatanduaneH Square miles. Popula- tion. Popula- tion per square mile. 47, 238 36,237 3, 676, 000 78 5,040 4,854 4,708 3, 972 200,753 391,777 734,889 U72,711 250,000 270, 491 504,000 248,000 3 19, 517 35, 633 40 80 156 3,937 2, 713 1,742 1,439 1,290 (W0 15 100 290 172 14 52 1 Includes Marinduque, Lubang, and Ilin. 2 Not including north Paragua. :< Includes Ticao, 940 square miles. Islands between 100 and 4,500 square miles 13 Smaller islands mentioned 58 Population as given by commission 8, 000, 000 Population per square mile 67 State of Montana, rich in agricultural, mining, and timber land, shows by last census population of I J per square mile. Philippine Islands have a population per square mile forty-five times greater than that of Montana. o < < Ul < cr o < o 2 -J < O 05 O Z z < _J o h- i o < UJ CD o z O O or u. <*> o O o < I CM o < -J z < Z g < c/) O < o or < o < -J z < 3E q < co Q < O < er I- < co cr < o o < CO < or < o z o co 8 -J o z Q < o -I in o o < -I a: < < z o I- < Q < O a: O a) O O z -J < X CD 6 < CC < I- < Z o < a < o cc -J < cc O I- z a> o o _J o z _l < X o < CO < CC < o o z 1 ■'j 'i i .*■ z o N D UJ o z > o o < -J cr < O o -J o < X oo o o N D a < o GO O O z a a. a: * O z 2 < u. O > o UJ I en a cc < o GO D O O z a a. tr O 2 V ,M ~" '•'■*%■>-," I . *» ^. -V> ,-.. .^ ■- /- * • -- *•• *\.-* ;^* ^ ' 1 X . ^ o z > o or CL o < > • **-: ^ > \ 2 < a. 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C/> UJ z CL UJ I < O tr ui I I- z o o z a: O CO CNJ O o N D -1 u Z u CO •^h u. c O £ UJ •o o a> z 6 > p. o o s-l cr a CL ««-« •» o O v «-> z o < GO • or Q Z o o UJ -I < u. O O z UJ cr UJ o. o. 3 CO ■ O z z < UJ > cc Q z o o UJ -J < u. O Q Z UJ cc UJ o CO o z z < d z < o CO -I < UJ z UJ O UJ -J < O CO CO » o Z THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN DATE DUE tl UM^RSI]r*pFM«H|0*N IIUL 1 !> ' 3 9015 03873 4524 UN., vr .4ICH LIBRARY 1 I ^ | i s__J nforestry. Special report. MAR Q 1049 J J '**•-•*••*••< / / "f o^\ r T mr