LIBRARY OF THE University of California. Gl ^V OK Class University of California • Berkeley ALASKA VOLUME vin H.A.E. VOL VIII FRONTISPIECE M ,tnr, i ALASKA INSECTS HARRIMAN ALASKA EXPEDITION WITH COOPERATION OF WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ALASKA VOLUME VIII INSECTS PART I By William H. Ashmead, Nathan Banks, A. N. Caudell, O. F. Cook, Rolla P. Currie, Harrison g. Dyar, Justus Watson folsom, O. Heidemann, Trevor Kincaid, Theo. Pergande and E. a. Schwarz or JFORH) NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1904 Copyright, 1904, Edward H. Harriman. PREFACE The entomologist of the Harriman Alaska Expedition was Trevor Kincaid, Professor of Biology in the University of the State of Washington, at Seattle. His zeal and activity may be inferred from the fact that in two months he obtained about 8,000 insects, representing a thousand species. On the return of the Expedition this material was distributed to a dozen spec- ialists, who have worked up the various groups. The resulting papers, 18 in number, are here brought together in two volumes. The collections contained at least half a dozen new genera, 344 new species, and a still larger number previously unknown from Alaska. In most instances the special papers deal only with the ma- terial brought back by the Expedition, but in a few cases, as in the Hymenoptera, the previously known records from Alaska are added, so that the paper presents a summary of existing knowledge of the group. In one little known group (the Myria- poda) the available data for northwestern North America are assembled. The resulting paper, it is believed, will be of great value to future workers in this neglected field. In a few instances authors have treated the types of their new species in a very loose manner, in some cases recording speci- mens from numerous localities, stretching along the coast for more than a thousand miles, as "type specimens" of a single species I The Editor wishes to disclaim responsibility for the nebulous and undifferentiated conception of a type implied in statements of this kind. A number of the papers have been published in the Proceed- ings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, and are here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that they may be quoted as the original. Facing each of these papers in an ex- (v) VI PREFACE planatory page giving a detailed account of the changes made in the present volume. The Introduction, by Professor Kin- caid, and the papers on Myriapoda and Homoptera, are now published for the first time. C. Hart Merriam, Editor. Washington, D. C, May i 1903. CONTENTS PAGE Preface v List of Illustrations ix Introduction. By Trevor Kincaid i Arachnida. By Nathan Banks 35 Myriapoda. ByO. F. Cook 47 Apterygota. By Justus Watson Folsom 83 Orthoptera. By A. N. Caudell 115 Aphidid.e. By Theo. Pergande 119 Homoptera. By William H. Ashmead., 127 Heteroptera. By O. Heidemann 139 Odonata. By Rolla P. Currie 145 Neuropteroid Insects. By Nathan Banks 155 Coleoptera. By E. A. Schwarz 169 Metamorphoses of Alaska Coleoptera. By Trevor Kin- caid 187 Lepidoptera. By Harrison G. Dyar 211 Index 229 (vii) ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES PLATB PAGE I. Insects of Alaska Frontispiece Fig. i. Platarctia subnebulosa Dyar. 2. Bombus mixtuosus Ashm. 3. Volucella facialis Will. 4. Sirex flavicornis Fab. 5. Cychrus angusticollis Fisch. 6. Carabus triincaticollis Fisch. 7. Tenthredo dissimilis Kincaid. 8. Leucorhinia hudso7iica (Selys.). 9. Tipula septentrionalis Loew, short-winged form. 10. Tipula septentrionalis Loew, long -winged form. II. Arachnida 46 III-V. Myriapoda 78-82 VI-X. Apterygota 106-1 1 4 XI, XII. Neuropteroid Insects 166-168 XIII-XVII. Larvae of Coleoptera 202-210 TEXT FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Metlakatla 6 2. Indian village, Fox Point, Southeastern Alaska 8 3. Islands near Sitka 13 4. Forest near Sitka 14 5. Yakutat 17 6-9. Genitalia of Homoptera l35~l37 (ix) THE INSECTS OF ALASKA INTRODUCTION BY TREVOR KINCAID The voyage of the Harriman Alaska Expedition gave an opportunity for an entomological reconnaissance of the coastal regions of Alaska. As no such opportunity had previously oc- curred, and as the writer was the only member of the party especially interested in this branch of science, the duty devolved upon him of securing as large a representation as possible of the insect fauna. Fortunately the conditions were more favor- able than is usually the case in explorations of these northern latitudes. Every convenience that experience could suggest had been provided through the forethought of those in charge of the Expedition, and the work was further facilitated by the careful organization of the party. Moreover, the labors of the collector were only slightly interfered with by unpropitious weather, which is the more remarkable in a region noted for its excessive humidity and long-continued rains. (O 2 ALASKA INSECTS Recognizing the fact that almost nothing was known con- cerning the insect fauna of Alaska outside of the orders Cole- optera and Lepidoptera, a special effort was made to secure representatives of those groups which, from the small size or obscure habits of their members, had not hitherto been collected in the Territory. This endeavor was so successful that the result- ing collection contains by far the most extensive general series of insects ever brought from the region. It will enable ento- mologists to form an idea of the rich field that awaits them in this vast northern possession of the United States. The collection embraced in all more than 5,500 pinned insects, together with a considerable series of Arachnida, Myriapoda, and larval forms preserved in alcohol, making a total of about 8,000 specimens. With this material was combined, after the re- turn of the Expedition, a small series of Alaska insects collected by the writer while with the Fur Seal Commission in 1897, and a few specimens derived from other sources which happened to be present in the collections of the U. S. National Museum. The collections were made between the first of June and the first of August, 1899. Except a small number of specimens obtained in British Columbia, all of the material was collected in Alaska. Most of the stops were made going northward and westward, a few on the return journey. Collections were made at the following localities, which for convenience are arranged in geographical sequence, with date of visit : Lowe Inlet, June 3 ; Fox Point, July 26-27 ; Metlakatla, June 4 ; Farragut Bay, June 5 ; Taku Inlet, June 5-6 ; Juneau, June 6-8 and July 25 ; Muir Inlet, June 8-12 ; Sitka, June 14-17 ; Yakutat Bay, June 18-23 ; Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound, June 25-26 ; Orca, Prince William Sound, June 27 ; Seldovia, Kenai Penin- sula, July 21 ; Kukak Bay, Alaska Peninsula, June 30-July 5 ; Kadiak, July 20; Popof Island, July 7-18. Upon the return of the Expedition the collections were care- fully labeled and the specimens assorted into groups, after which they were transmitted to Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the Division of Entomology of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and Honorary Curator of Insects in the U. S. National Museum, for distribution to specialists for study and report. INTRODUCTION As a result of these investigations there has been published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences a series of sixteen papers based upon the entomological material thus distributed. Two others are here published for the first time. The writer, as entomologist of the Expedition, wishes to thank the various authors for their promptness in reporting upon this material. On bringing together the data derived from these several sources, it was found that the number of species included in the entire collection was approximately 1,000, of which 344 were considered by the specialists to whom they were intrusted to be new to science. Descriptions of these new forms will be found in the following pages. The list also includes over twenty spe- cies hitherto recorded only from Europe, thus adding to the growing list of insects known to exist upon both the American and European continents. The number of previously described species, new species, and total number of species collected, arranged by orders, are here given. Insecta. Described Species. New Species. Total. 8 25 8 1 18 H 154 213 66 9S 6 46 6 9 0 0 0 10 1 63 9 237 3 6 14 34 8 Otlonata TT . , f Heteroptera Hemiptera |HomopPtera 18 24 276 75 335 9 52 Arachnida Total 1 657 344 1,001 An effort was made to record, while in the field, such data as seemed worthy of preservation as a preliminary study of the biology of Alaska insects. It was hoped that some observa- tions might be made bearing upon the adaptations of these forms of life to the peculiar climatic conditions of the coastal regions of Alaska. At Sitka, for instance, the annual precipitation attains the enormous total of 105 inches, and at Unalaska, in the Aleutian Islands, it is but little less. Another feature con- 4 ALASKA INSECTS stantly kept in mind was the relation between the insect fauna and the northern flora. Through the courtesy of the botanists of the Expedition, the writer has been furnished with identi- fications of the plants which he collected incidentally in connec- tion with this work. It is needless to say that the great length of the itinerary, together with the shortness of the stops possible at most of the stations, were hardly propitious for thorough observations along these lines. Such work can only be properly carried forward by resident naturalists with time at their disposal to follow the course of the seasons from one year to another. But such general facts as were observed are set down for the benefit of those who shall subsequently visit these regions and investigate more fully the natural history. The conditions are so different in different parts of the Alaska coast that it seems desirable to summarize briefly, from the entomological standpoint, the special features of each stopping place, including the more important discoveries, and such ob- servations upon the biology of the insects as time and circum- stances permitted. LOWE INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA June j. — The first landing made by the Expedition was at this small settlement on the northern shores of British Colum- bia, where several hours were spent in making collections. The clearings about the village were thickly overgrown with a tangle of plants belonging to species common along the coasts of Wash- ington and Vancouver Island, as the salmon-berry {Riibus sftcc- labilis), wild currant (Ribes bracteosinn), and elder-berry (Sam- bucus racemosns), all of which were in bloom. Several other familiar plants were also in evidence, as the yellow violet ( Viola glabella) and the dwarf cornel (Cornus canadensis). Insects were by no means abundant, but by dint of consider- able sweeping a number of species were brought to light, prin- cipally Diptera, of which group 23 species were taken. About the flowers of the salmon-berry several Syrphida? hovered, in- cluding Sphegina infuscata Loew, Baccha obscuricornis Meig., Platychirus -pcltatus Meig., and Mclanosioma mellinum (L.). INTRODUCTION 5 About the same flowers darted a swarm of Empidae, comprising three species — Rkamphomyia corvina Loew, JE?npis triangula sp. nov. Coq., and Microphorus jlavipilosus sp. nov. Coq. Another insect that was extremely common was Bibio variabilis Loew. In sweeping through the grass and low herbage several interesting Mycetophilidaa were captured, including Diadocidia borealis sp. nov. Coq. and Sciara tridcntata Rubs., the latter originally described from Greenland. Two species of Tipulidaa were taken in the same manner ; one of these, Rhypholophis affinis Lund., is recorded from Greenland, the other, Tricy- phona vitripennis (Doane), from the State of Washington. Very few beetles were in evidence. Amphichroum testaccum occurred in vast numbers at the flowers of the salmon-berry. Hypnoides muscuhis Esch. was found beneath stones along the beach, while Podabrus piniphilus Esch. crawled about among the foliage. Of Hymenoptera, the most conspicuous were the bumble-bees, of which several species were noticed visiting the salmon-berry. A single saw-fly, Tenthredo ferrugineipes Nort., was swept from a branch of elder-berry, while an Ichneumon caught among the grass was found by Mr. Ashmead to represent a new species, Philonygus glacialis Ashmead. METLAKATLA, ALASKA June 4. — A stop of half a day was made at this interesting missionary village, on Annette Island, at the extreme southeast- ern limit of Alaska territory. The vicinity of the settlement is rather favorable for the operations of the entomologist, since it is open and marshy, with scattered clumps of scrub pine {Pinus contortd) and occasional pools and small lakes. In the marshy ground were found in full bloom many of the most characteristic plants of southeastern Alaska, including Pingui- cula vulgaris, Coptis trifolia, Menyanthcs trifoliata, Sieversia calthifolia, Drosera longifolia, Nephrophyllidium cristagalli, Empetrum nigrum, Pubus chamaimorus, Lysichiton kamtschat- ense, Habenaria hyperborea, and Dodccathcon vivipartim. Amidst this array of blossoms Diptera were very numerous, and the net soon yielded over thirty species. At the flowers of ALASKA INSECTS Mcnyanthcs, the principal visitors were Eristalis occidentalis Will., JVcoascia giobosa L., and Mclanostoma mclli num (L.). At Nefhrofhyllidium the only insect taken was Melanostoma mcllinum (L.), while at Sieversia a number of Muscidas were captured, as well as one species of Syrphidae {Melanostoma trichophus Thomson). In the spathes of Lysic/iiton, a beetle (Donacia fcmoralis Kby.) was found at work devouring pollen, and here also occurred the fly, Syrfhus ribesii L. Sweeping brought to light a number of Diptera hidden in the grass and herbage, including five Tipulidae, of which two were FIG. I. fiETLAKATLA. new ( Tijyula strigata Coq. and Tifida gclida Coq.) ; three species of Empidae, all of which were new {Emjz>is fumida Coq., Rhamphomyia glauca Coq., and Rhanijyhoniyia anthracodes Coq.); and two species of Dolichopodidae, Dolichopus longi- manus Loew being especially abundant. Of the Muscidae, the most interesting were Orthoc/uvta pilosa (Zett.), a European species not previously known from America, and CEdoparea glauca Coq., a new species of Sciomyzidaa. With the exception of water beetles, the Coleoptera do not thrive in very marshy places, only six species being found, and these of an uninteresting character, except Stcnus umbralilis Casey, which was new to Alaska, although known from British Columbia. The same may be said of the Heteroptera, since INTRODUCTION J only one, Gcrris rufoscutcllatus, a widespread species, was observed. Of the small number of Hymenoptera captured, the most interesting were two species of ants discovered in a decay- ing pine stump. They were representatives of two genera (Leptothorax yankee kincaidi Pergande and Formica neoru- fbarbis Emery ), and, with the exception of one species, are the first members of this group to be recorded from Alaska. The Formica was subsequently found as far west as Kadiak. Excepting a few bumble-bees {Bomb us juxtus Cr.), no other representatives of this order were seen, aside from two species of saw-flies. One of these {Tcnthrcdo crythromcra Prov.) was already known from Vancouver Island, while the second was a new species of Monophadnus {M. insularis Kincaid). Only two species of Lepidoptera were captured — moths of the families Geometridaj and Tortricidre. Rheumaptera has- tata L. was very common here, as well as at several localities subsequently visited. The second species has been described by Dr. Fernald as Phoxopteris kincaidiana sp. nov. Eight spiders and two Myriapods complete the list of captures at this point. Both of the latter are of interest, one of them {Parajuhis alaskanus Cook) being new to science, while the other, a little hairy Diplopod of the genus Polyxcnus {P. pugetcnsis Kincaid), was originally described from the State of Washington. FOX POINT July 26-2 j. — This name is applied to an Indian village at the extreme southeastern corner of the Alaska mainland. It was once populous, but is now deserted. It was the last station touched at by the Expedition on the return journey. Although the season was well advanced for this section of the country, some summer plants were still in bloom, more especially certain of the Umbellifera;. At these plants 23 species of Diptera were captured, the most notable of which were Syrphidae : Pipiza pisticoides Will., Syrphus velutinus Will., Sphcerophoria sulphuripes (Thomson), Eristalis favipes Walk., Eristalis obscuris Loew, Criorhina armillata O. S., s ALASKA INSECTS Criorhina scitula Will. ; Tachinidae, five species, including Paraphyto borcalis sp. nov. Coq. The bumble-bees collected were of four species — B. oregon- ensis Cr., B. alaskcnsis sp. nov. Ashm., B. mixtiwsus sp. nov. Ashm., and B. dimidiata sp. nov. Ashm. The Sphegoidea were represented by Clytochrysus gracilissimus (Pack.) and Mimcsa fropinqua sp. nov. Kincaid, the Vespoidea by Odyncrus albo- fhalerattis Sauss. Three Ichneumonidae found at the above FIG. 2. INDIAN VILLAGE, FOX POINT mentioned Umbelliferae were determined by Mr. Ashmead "as Rhyssa alaskensis sp. nov., Enicosfiilus purgatus (Say), and Rhogas harrimatii sp. nov. A few beetles were collected, but none of these were of special interest. The same may be said of the Heteroptera, of which only three species were secured. Homoptera were represented by a leaf-hopper, three species of Afihalara, and one of Psylla. Several butterflies were netted as they fluttered along a path- way — the only examples seen of Papilio 7nachaon aliaska Edw. and Vanessa milberti Godt. FARRAGUT BAY June 5. — A short stop was made at this point, but the conditions were unfavorable for collecting. Turning over some of the debris along the shore, eight species of Coleoptera were discovered. One of these proved to be a new species {Kcbria kincaidi Schwarz), while another (Tclcphorus divisus Lee.) INTRODUCTION 9 was new to Alaska, although known to occur in British Co- lumbia. Four interesting Diptera were taken in the same situation with the above — Didyma pullula Van der Wulp, a Tachinid origi- nally described from Mexico; Chirosia glauca Coq., a new species of Anthomyid ; Aptilotus politics (Will.), a Borborid originally described from California; (Edoparca glauca Coq., a new form of the family Sciomyzidae, specimens of which had already been taken at Metlakatla. In addition to these a Syr- phid {Sphcgina infuscatd) was captured at the flowers of a spe- cies of Lupinus. A single caddice-fly found beneath a stone proved to be Asynarchus punctatissi?nus (Walker), a widely distributed representative of the group. JUNEAU June j and July 2$. — A short stay was made at Juneau on June 7, during the northward journey of the Expedition, but the con- ditions were not favorable for the collection of insects. On the return trip a day (July 25) was spent at this locality, and a better opportunity was afforded to study the entomological conditions of the region. At the rear of the town a good collecting ground was found about the shores of a small pond in a deep hollow. Here were growing dense patches of Epilobium spicatum and numerous other plants. Over thirty species of Diptera were captured, including ten species of Syrphidce. Most of the latter had already been collected at other localities, the only exceptions being Syrphus gracilis sp. nov. Coquillett and Xylota barbata Loew. Other interesting Diptera were Rhamphomyia setosa Coq. and Sepsis jlavimana Meigen, the latter a European species not previously known from the American continent. Bumble-bees were quite common on the blossoms of Epilobium spicatum, including Bombus nearcticus Handl., B. viclanopy- gus Nyl., B. oregonensis Cr., and Psithyrus insular is (Smith). Ichneumonoidea were also abundant among the herbage, and yielded ten species, of which eight were new to science, includ- ing a new genus {Hyposyntactus Ashmead). Dragon-flies were common about the edge of the pond, but all were of a single species, Enallagma calverti Morse. IO ALASKA INSECTS The list of insects taken at Juneau is completed by a few- beetles, two moths, a single true-bug, a Neuropteroid insect {Chlorofcrla jxxcifica Banks), and six species of Arachnida. On crossing to Douglas City, on the opposite side of the channel from Juneau, a few additional captures were made, mainly at the blossoms of Achillea millefolium. MUIR INLET, GLACIER BAY June 9-12. — For four days the members of the Expedition explored the shores of Glacier Bay in the vicinity of the Muir Glacier. On the 9th the writer formed one of a party to visit a small island in the bay just opposite the face of the glacier. It was found to consist mainly of glacial debris, and was thickly overgrown with shrubs and flowering plants, including Sedum roseum, Fragaria chiloensis, Astragalus alftinus, Dryas octo- ■fictala, Chamcenerion latifolinm, a species of Taraxacum, and several species of Salix. The stones along the shore of this little island concealed numerous beetles, mostly Carabidae, which scampered away when their hiding places were disturbed. Among the captures made in this way were Nebria mannerheimi Fisch., Nebria metallica Fisch., Pierostichus riparius Dej., Pterostichus luczotl Dej., Bembidium com-filanatum Mann., Bembidium bimaculatum Kby., Amara remotestriata Dej., and Calathus ingratus Dej. On the following day a party was conveyed in a naphtha launch to a point on the shore of the bay several miles from the foot of the glacier. Here a favorable collecting ground was selected and the day was spent in exploring the neighborhood. The soil of the entire region was evidently of recent glacial origin, and in the gravelly debris a growth of coniferous trees was attempting to establish itself. Dense thickets of alder and willow made traveling somewhat difficult. Among the more conspicuous plants in bloom were Caltha falustris, Anemone multifida, Anemone -parvijlora, Dodecatheon pauci/lorum, Aqui- leg/'a formosa, Ranunculus occidentalism Silene acaulis, Arabis ambigua, Pctasiles frigida, and Primula egalihcnsis. The plant whose blossoms seemed to attract the greatest number of insects was Caltha palustris. The visitors were INTRODUCTION mostly Diptera, and among them were the following — Syr- phidse : Melanostoma mellinum (L.), Syr films contumax O. S., Syrfihus glacialis (Johnson), Hclofihilus dychei Will., and Eristalis tenax ; Empidae : Rhamfihomyia setosa Coq., Hil- ar a transfuga Walk. ; Scatophagidre : Scaiofihaga islandica Becker, Cordylura vittifics Loew, Cordylura firceusta Loew : Phoridae : Tr incur a aterrima (Fabr.) ; Anthomyidte : Hycto- desia brunncincrvis (Stein), Homalomyia jlavivaria sp. nov. Coq., and Phorbia biciliata sp. nov. Coq. Resting upon the under surfaces of the leaves of the same plant, but never appear- ing on the flowers, were vast numbers of a species of Psy- chodidce, Pericoma bifiunctala Kin., originally described from Washington and California. The willows also were well supplied with visitors, among which may be mentioned the following — Mycetophilidae : Bolclina gro&nlandica Staeger ; Bibionidae : Bibio variabilis Loew, Dilofihus serraticollis Walk. ; Syrphidae : Syrfihus gla- cialis (Johnson), Melanostoma mellinum (L.) ; Empidce : Rham- fihomyia albofiilosa sp. nov. Coq. In sweeping among the herbage three species of Tipulidae were netted — Tricyphona diaphana Doane, Dicranota argentea Doane, and Tijmla tenc- brosa sp. nov. Coq. Resting among the foliage of the willow bushes were several saw-flies, including Dolerus scriccus Say and Tcnlhredo vari- picta Nort., while at the blossoms of the same plant occurred the bumble-bees Bomb us melanoftygus Nyl. and Psithyrus insular is (Smith). On the afternoon of June 10 an effort was made to climb one of the high hills to the left of the glacier, where the steep slope rises to the height of about two thousand feet. For some dis- tance the hillside was dotted with clumps of alders and dwarf willows. At the blossoms of the latter bumble-bees were com- mon, and here also was taken a single male specimen of Andrena frigida Smith, noteworthy as the first of the solitary bees to be discovered in Alaska. On the same slope were found the first butterflies of the Expedition, Picris nafii bryonies Ochs., as well as two moths, Pctrophora borealis Hulst and Pho.xofitcris kin- caidiana sp. nov. Fernald. ALASKA INSECTS The last day was spent in exploring the district at the west- ern side of the glacier. Among the morainic material left be- hind by the ice in its retreat, numerous plants soon take root, among the very first being the willow-herb ( Chamcenerion lati- folium), the brilliant blossoms of which brighten the shattered rocks. The only insects captured at the flowers of this species were the Syrphid Platychirns aeratus Coq., and, more abun- dantly, Limnophora nobilis Zett. and Span/a edeta Walker, the latter one of the few representatives of the Xylophagidae found in Alaska. Many minute Ichneumonidae also were taken in the sweep net, and several of these were subsequently found to be new. Above the western edge of the glacier, on a ledge of glacial debris, several small ponds were discovered in which a large number of aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera disported them- selves. Of the latter there were two species, Corisa convexa Fieber and Corisa prceusta Fieber. The beetles were of three species, Deroncctes griseostriatus DeG., Hydroporus signatus Dej., and Agabus tristis Aube. Of the last-mentioned species numerous larvae were also secured beneath the debris along the shore. In the same pond were numbers of caddice-fly larvae, but only one adult insect was taken. It has been described by Mr. Banks as Asynarchus fumosus sp. nov. Apterygota were quite common under the stones upon the moraines. Four species were taken, three of which were new to science, Entomobrya kincaidi Folsom, Papirius palmatus Folsom, and Machilis arctica Folsom. The Arachnida were well represented at this point, since fifteen species, including three new forms, were collected without any special effort. Myriapoda were not common, the only species found being Conotyla atrolineata (Bollman). June 14-17- — The neighborhood of Sitka has been perhaps more carefully investigated than any other section of Alaska. Here the Russian naturalists made their most important col- lections, and those who have followed in their footsteps have usually made Sitka their rendezvous. And with very good INTRODUCTION 13 reason, for there is no doubt that the characteristic flora and fauna of the coastal region of southeastern Alaska here attain their most perfect development. After traversing the vast stretch of rocky, and in the main inhospitable, coast line between Vancouver Island and Sitka, it is with a sense of deepest pleasure that the naturalist sets foot within the noble forests of Sitka spruce and follows the winding pathways that traverse the great natural park on the banks of Indian River. For three days the members of the Expedition FIG. 3. ISLANDS NEAR SITKA. had the privilege of delving in this primeval forest in search of biological treasures. To one accustomed to the forests of western Washington, the scenery seemed strangely familiar. The conifers were indeed of different species, but of the same general character, while the underwood was composed of shrubs and flowering plants identical in many cases with those found farther south. There were tangled thickets of salmon-berry (Riibus sficctabilis) and elder-berry (Sambucus), with here and there clumps of the inhospitable devil's club {Panax horridum). Gloomy spots were lighted up by the broad green leaves and yellow spathes of the skunk cabbage (Lysic/u'ton). At the river's edge grew dense growths of willow and wild currant (Ribcs bracteosuni) . Among the less conspicuous vegetation many familiar plants greet the sojourner from the south, for example, the spring-beauty (Claytonia sib/r/ca), mitrewort J4 ALASKA INSECTS (Tiarclla tr if alia la), yellow violet [Viola glabella), and Os- morrhiza nuda. Undoubtedly, of all the plants in bloom at this season the greatest favorite with flower-visiting insects was the salmon- berry. Its long period of blooming, its widely opened blossoms, and its abundant, easily accessible nectar, render it an attractive rendezvous for insects. The pendant form of the flowers is also important, as the flaring corolla sheds the rain, and in this way not only protects the nectaries, but also provides a shelter for visiting insects during the frequent showers. In the short time at our dis- posal it was of course impos- sible to do more than make a hasty collection of the more conspicuous insects, but the re- sults show what a rich harvest awaits more thorough investi- gation. More than 200 species were collected, of which 34 were new to science, several new to America, and many rep- resented additions to the fauna of Alaska. As usual, the Diptera form the predominant feature of the insect fauna, not only in spe- cies, but also in abundance of individuals. At hours when the sun shone the air fairly swarm- ed with Diptera and other flying insects. The most abundant flies were Bibio variabilis and Dilophus scrralicollis, the latter occurring in countless numbers in the blossoms of the salmon- berry. The same flower furnished a harboring place for num- bers of Syrphidae, of which nine species were secured : Chilosia ■plutonia Hunter, Melanostoma mellinum(L.), Plalychirus pelt a- tus (Meigen), Plalychirus albimanus Fabr., Syrphus diversifes Macq., Syrphus amalopis O. S., Baccha obscuricomis Loew., Sphegina infuscata Loew., Brachyopa nolala O. S., Sericomyia IG. 4. FOREST NEAR SITKA. INTRODUCTION 1 5 chalcopyga Loew., Criorhina tricolor sp. nov. Coq., and Eris- talis Occident alts Will. Of these the most abundant were Chilo- sia -plutonia and Sphcgina infuscala. Plalychirus albimanus is a European species and an addition to the American fauna. Perhaps the most striking feature of the dipterous fauna at this point was a large number of species and individuals of the family Empidae. No less than fifteen species were swept from the bushes bordering the pathways. This series includes repre- sentatives of six genera {Empis, Gloma, Aficrop/iorus, Rham- phomyia, Ocydromia, and P/atypa/pus), and of the species ten were new to science. The most abundant species were Empis virgata Coq. and Empis triangula sp. nov. Cov. Among other interesting Uiptera taken at this place may be mentioned the Chironomid named by Mr. Coquillett C/iasma- tonotus univittatus sp. nov., Sciara cxpolita sp. nov. Coq., Bcris annulifera Bigot (the only representative of the Strati- omyidge seen upon the Expedition), eleven species of Antho- myidce, including two previously undescribed, and two species of Lonchajida? {Lonchcca albit arsis Zett. and L. dcutchi Zett.), both additions to the American fauna. No special effort was made to collect Coleoptera, since this order has been thoroughly collected by the Russians and others, but over 50 species were taken, including several new to the fauna of Alaska, namely, Agyrtes longulus Lee, Scri- cosomus incongruus Lee, and Eros Icetus Mots. With the exception of the common white Pieris no butterflies were taken at Sitka, but 17 species of moths appear in the col- lection. Most of them belong to the families Noctuidse and Geometridge. The latter family included one new form, Tephroclistis Jlebilis sp. nov. Hulst. It is evident that the extreme humidity of this and other sec- tions of Alaska is not favorable to the higher Hymenoptera. No fossorial Hymenoptera were found at Sitka, but a wasp ( Vcspa borcalis Kirby) was taken at the blossom of Menzicsia ferruginea. Diligent search among the fallen timber revealed three colonies of ants belonging to the species Eormica ncoru- fbarbis Em., Lasius niger sitkensis Pergande, and Myrmica sulcinodoidcs Em. 16 ALASKA INSECTS The Apoidea were represented almost exclusively by mem- bers of the genus Bombus [B. califomicus Smith and B. alashensis sp. nov. Ashmead). These, together with Psithyrus insularis (Smith), occurred at the blossoms of the salmon-berry. A solitary female specimen of Andrena frigida Smith was swept from the catkin of a willow, and thus furnished a com- panion in the collection for the male of the same species taken a few days previously at the Muir Glacier. Of the Ichneumonoidea, a rather small series was secured, comprising only 17 species ; but of these only five were pre- viously known, the remaining twelve having been described as new by Mr. Ashmead. One of them was made the type of a new genus {Dallatorred). The Tenthredinoidea seem to thrive in these northern regions better than their higher relatives, since sixteen species were ob- tained by sweeping among the shrubbery. The family Lydidce was represented by three species — Itycorsia marginiventris Cr., Ccphalcia nigropectus Cr., and Bactroceros sitkensis sp. nov. Kincaid ; the Selandriidse by Erythraspidcs ashmeadii sp. nov. Kincaid and Ptvcilostomidea maculata Nort. ; the Nematida? by Pachynematus ocreatus Hgtn., Pristiphora lena sp. nov., and Pteronus rivularis sp. nov. Kincaid ; the Tenthredinidas by Dolerus sericeus Say and seven species of Tenth redo: T.fer- rugineipes Cr., T. varipicta Nort., T. evansii Hgtn., T. lineata Prov., T. nigricollis Kby., T. erythromera Prow, and T. mela- 110 soma Hgtn. These large and beautiful saw-flies form a most conspicuous feature of the insect fauna. Of the Neuropteroids eight species were encountered, mostly forms known to exist in other regions of America, the only ex- ception being a caddice-fly described by Mr. Banks as Limne- philus harrimani. The Hemiptera, as was the case at most points, were poorly represented. Of Heteroptera only three were seen — Irbisia sericans Stal., Scolopostethns thompsoni Reuter, and Corisa prceusta Fieber. The Homoptera were more nu- merous, seven species of leaf-hoppers comprising the list, but all of these were previously known from other sections of America. INTRODUCTION 17 Of Apterygota, Mr. Folsom found six species in the collec- tion made at Sitka, three of which were new to science. Ten species of Arachnida, including two new forms, and two Chilopods (Parajulus ahiskanus sp. no v. Cook and Geofhilus alaskanus sp. nov. Cook) complete the list of Sitka Arthropods. YAKUTAT June 18-22. — On June 18 a party landed at the village of Yakutat, and for three days a camp was established upon a sand spit close to the settlement. Although the weather was showery, a diligent effort was made to secure as large a series of insects as the time would permit. The region about Yakutat Bay is densely timbered, and back from the coast rugged hills rise almost from the water's edge FIG. 5. YAKUTAT. and make the interior almost impassable. It was soon discov- ered that very few living things were to be found in this gloomy forest. Most of the life was confined to the narrow zone be- tween high-tide and the edge of the timber, where rich banks of vegetation were spread out in the sunlit spaces. The prin- cipal element in these thickets was the ubiquitous salmon-berry, with here and there patches of devil's club, huckleberry, and wild currant. At intervals the rugged shore gave way to stretches of level sandy ground upon which numerous flowering plants found an opportunity for development, the most notable being the strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis) , tufts of lupine, the l8 ALASKA INSECTS wild pea-vine (Lathyrus maritimus), with isolated clumps of alder and willow. Occasional marshy spots and small ponds supported a different vegetation, including Habenaria, Nephro- phyllidium cristagalli, Caltha palustris, and other aquatic plants. Immediately in front of the village a small island stands out in the bay. Upon this our party found an extensive patch of strawberry plants in full bloom. Here also occurred several tufts of Heraclewn lanatum with the umbels partially opened. This plant is a great favorite with flower-visiting insects, but was not yet sufficiently advanced to welcome any guests. The insect fauna of Yakutat is evidently very closely related to that of Sitka, but not so rich, since the environment is not so diversified. In all 164 species of insects were taken, of which 37 were new to science, but many of these had been already collected at Sitka. As usual the Diptera predominated in the collections, the list in this group comprising 63 species. The Syrphidee were very abundant. Of the eleven species secured here six had already been collected at Sitka, while five appeared here for the first time — Chilosia borcalis sp. nov. Coquillett, Chilosia alaskensis Hunter, Chilosia lasiopthalma Will., Syrphus glacialis (John- son), and Syrphus macularis (Zett.). This latter species, ac- cording to Mr. Coquillett, is a European form not hitherto known from America. Most of the Syrphidse were taken at the flowers of the straw- berry, including Chilosia alaskensis Hunter, Chilosia lasiop- thalma Will., Chilosia borealis sp. nov., Syr fih us amalopis O. S., Syrphus glacialis (Johnson), Sphegina tnfuscata Loew, and Brachyopa notata O. S. The remaining species were swept from the blossoms of the salmon-berry, comprising Syrphus diversifies Macq., Syrphus macularis (Zett.), Melanostoma mellinum (L.), and Chilosia plutonia Hunter. The family Empidee was represented by eleven species, of which the most common was Empis virgata Coq. Eight of these had already been observed at Sitka, but three were unfa- miliar— Empis clauda sp. nov. Coquillett, Gloma obscura Loew, and Rhamphomyia disparilis sp. nov. Coq. INTRODUCTION 19 The Dolichopodidre included Dolichopus •plumvpes (Scop.), previously taken at Sitka, and Porphyrons consobrinus Zett., a European form not previously recorded from the American con- tinent. Other interesting Diptera were : Tclmatogcton alaskcnsis sp. now Coquillett, a strange Chironomid representing a genus not previously known to exist in America ; seven species of Tipu- lida;, including Tipula cineracca sp. nov. Coquillett ; Bohtina t/iops sp. nov. Coq., one of the Mycetoph'ilidae ; Phytomyza Jlavicornis Fallen, a European species of Agromyzidte not pre- viously known from America. The Coleoptera were not abundant, but, by dint of tearing off loose bark and turning over fallen timber, 43 species, mostly Staphylinidae, were gathered. None of these proved to be of special interest, but several were found to be new to the fauna of Alaska, including Stcmis insidaris Casey, Orobanus simu- lator Lee, and Ditylus quadricollis Lee. No butterflies were observed at Yakutat, and very few moths appear in the collection. Only one representative of the Apoidea appeared — Bombus mi.xtuosus sp. nov. Ashmead. Tenthredinidse were compara- tively rare. Five species of Tenthrcdo were secured, but all had been previously found at Sitka, namely, T. varipicta Nort., T. evansii Hgtn., T. jlavomarginis Nort., T. crythromera Prov., and T. mclanosoma Hgtn. Two new Nematids were taken in the sweep net — Pachynematus or onus Kincaid and Ptcronus zebratus Kincaid. The parasitic Hymenoptera com- prised eighteen species of Ichneumonoidea, of which Mr. Ash- mead has described seventeen as new. The Neuropteroids yielded five species, of which three proved new. Spiders were not common, only twelve species appearing in the collection, but of these two have been described as new by Mr. Banks. VIRGIN BAY, PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND June 25-26. — A stop of a little over twenty-four hours at this point was hardly long enough to make extensive collections, hence the list from Virgin Bay includes only 78 species, of which the majority are Diptera. 20 ALASKA INSECTS The region in which our camp was pitched was extremely boggy, with high mountains rising on every hand. The vege- tation was varied, and there is little doubt that the locality supports an extensive insect fauna. The party was landed at a late hour in the afternoon, but as Prince William Sound is near the " land of the midnight sun," the writer started out with ambitious strides to climb one of the great rocky hills which rose from near sea level to an altitude of about three thousand feet. The first part of the route lay through a marsh brilliant with many-colored blossoms, including Iris setosa, Habcnaria hy-pej'borea, Mcnyanthes trifoliata, JVe- ■phroifrhylUdium cristagalli, Pinguicida villosa, and Pcdicularis versicolor. The banks of a small stream were set with thickets of Rubtis sfectabilis and Panax horridum. The lower slopes of the hillside were very steep and thickly clothed with dense coniferous forest. Here and there a grassy open space glittered with the yellow flowers of Sieversia caltkifolia. On climbing above the forest the hill became much rougher and a different series of plants were encountered, the most striking being Anem- one narcissiflora, Arcteranthis cooleyce, and Orchis aristata. Still higher upon the rocky summit occurred the characteristic plants of high altitudes — tiny primroses, delicate Ericaceae, and diminutive Saxifragaceas, while near by were great snow banks filling the depressions where the sun's rays fell with diminished force. In struggling through these drifts several dead or be- numbed insects were picked up from the ice. They had evi- dently been blown by the wind from warmer regions and had been chilled by sudden contact with the frigid air of the snow fields. At the very apex of the hill was a small pond in which were many tiny water-beetles {Hydrofiorns tristis Payk.), while about the margin fluttered pretty caddice-flies, determined by Mr. Banks as Limnefihilus ncbulosus Kirby. Several moths were also taken at this altitude, including Titacis hyferborea sp. nov. Hulst. From the mountain top a magnificent view was had of the surrounding country, notwithstanding the fact that midnight was close at hand. The flowers of Sieversia seemed to attract numerous Diptera, especially Syrphidae, and by sweeping among the patches of INTRODUCTION 21 this plant the following representatives of the family were se- cured: Chilosia occidcntalis Will., Chilosia plutonia Hunter, Melanostoma mellinum (L.), Syrphus amalopis O. S., Syrphus mental is Will., Syrphus diver sipes Macq., Ncoascia globosa Walk., and Brachyopa notata O. S. Several Syrphids were also taken at the flowers of Ncphrophyllidium cristagalli — Myiolcpta bclla Will, and Eristalis occidcntalis Will. Of the 47 species of Diptera captured at Virgin Bay all but 14 had been previously encountered at more southern stations, but among the unfamiliar forms Mr. Coquillett found several of considerable interest, including Ornithodes harrimam\ a Tipulid for which he found it necessary to erect a new genus ; Cylin- drotoma juncta sp. nov. Coq. ; Empis pellucida sp. nov. Coq., and Rhampho my ia macrura sp. nov. Coq., new types of Empidas ; and Ceratopogon hirtulus sp. nov. Coq., an addition to the family Chironomidee. Of Coleoptera very few were collected, and the Hemiptera are represented by a single Capsid. Among the Hymenoptera may be mentioned Bovibus mix- tuosus sp. nov. Ashmead, here seen for the first time, but col- lected later at stations farther west. The specimens were taken at the flowers of Rubus spcctabilis. Upon a promontory jut- ting out into the bay was a considerable patch of Menziesia fer- ruginea, among whose bell-like blossoms Vcspa borcalis Kirby was found busily extracting nectar. Of saw-flies the collection yielded six species, but none of these were of special interest. Several parasitic Hymenoptera were collected, including Ichneu- mon kincaidii sp. nov. Ashmead and Zelotypa alaskensis sp. nov. Ashmead, the latter one of the Proctotrypidas. At this locality Odonata were first noticed in considerable numbers. Two species were on the wing, but of these only one was captured — Leucorhtnia httdsonica (Selys.). ORCA, PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND June 24.-25 and 2J-28. — Short stops, mainly at night, were made at this point, where an extensive salmon cannery has been erected. The district is so mountainous and inaccessible that very few insects were taken. 22 ALASKA INSECTS Several of the species, however, do not appear in the col- lections made at other localities, namely, Rhypholophus jlaveolus sp. nov. Coq., one of the Tipulidce ; Leria fraterna (Loew), one of the Helomyzidge originally described from Alaska ; and three new species of Ichneumonidae. SELDOVIA, KENAI PENINSULA July 21. — On July 21 a small party, including the entomol- ogist, was landed at this settlement with the expectation that an opportunity would be afforded to explore the neighborhood for several days, but circumstances arose rendering it necessary to embark on the steamer the following day. It is a matter for regret that a more adequate opportunity was not offered for making collections at this locality, which promised to yield as rich a series of insects as any visited by the Expedition. The Kenai Peninsula is very rugged and in part heavily tim- bered, but the variety of flowering plants in bloom was surpris- ing. Within a radius of one hundred yards from our camp the writer collected over thirty species of plants in various stages of bloom, including Epilobium spicatum, Rosa sp., Heracleum lanatum, Comarum palustre, Nuphar, Spiraea, Pedicular -is , Achillea millifolium, Liguslicum, Pyrola, Vicia, Lathyrus, Amelanchier, Galium, Potentilla, Aqtiilcgia, Sanguisorba, and Oxytropis. The collection of insects comprised 115 species, but the ma- jority of these had already been seen at other points, either to the southward, at Yakutat and Sitka, or to the westward, at Kukak, Popof Island, and Kadiak. The principal novelties occurred in the Diptera, including Tipitla macrolabis Loew, originally described from Hudson Bay ; Chilosia pulchripes Loew, a European Syrphid new to the American fauna and obtained also at Kukak ; Chilosia tristis Loew ; Lcncozona leucorum (L.), also taken at Popof Island ; Empis br achy soma sp. nov. Coq.; Sepsis jlavimana Meigen, a European species not pre- viously reported from America ; Scatclla setosa sp. nov. Coq. ; and Agromyza lacteipennis Fallen, another addition of Euro- pean insects to American lists. The collection of Coleoptera comprised twenty-two species, INTRODUCTION 23 including several interesting beetles, such as the beautiful Pachyta liturata Kirby and Anaspis rufa Say, both of which were taken at the flowers of Ligusticum scoticum. Of Hymenoptera, as usual, the most conspicuous representa- tives were the bumble-bees, of which no less than five species were taken from the flowers of Bpilobium spicatum, including Bombus coupe ri Cr., B. orcgonensis Cr., B. polaris Curtis, B. sylvicola Kby., and Psithyrus insular is (Smith). None of the other families of bees were represented, so far as discovered, but of the Sphegoidea two examples came to hand, Ectcmnius parvulus (Pack.) and Blcpharipus ater (Cr.), both of which oc- cur upon the flowers of Achillea. The only saw-flies collected belong to the genus Teuthrcdo, of which seven species were taken — T. ferrugincipes Cr., T. varipicta Nort., T. evansii Hgtn., T. Jlavomarginis Nort., T. nigricollis Kirby, T. erytkromera Prov., and T. melanosoma Hgtn. The Kenai Peninsula would seem to be almost the western limit of some of these species of Tcnthrcdo, since very few were found at Kukak, to the westward. Of parasitic Hymenoptera, the collection includes only nine species, of which Mr. Ashmead has described eight as new. Two butterflies and two moths compose the list of Lepidoptera. One of the butterflies was the common Pieris, the other was Chrysophanus dorcas Kirby and occurred in great numbers at the flowers of Comarum palustre. The series of Hemiptera taken at Seldovia was unexpectedly large. Of Heteroptera six species were collected — Mcgalocera rujicornis Fallen, Mcc omnia gilvipes Stal, Lygus prat ens is L., JVysius gronlandicus Zett., Nab talia macilenta, which occurred in multi- tudes upon the umbels of Ueracleum. The reason for this dearth of individuals in the Coleoptera was not obvious, and the only explanation offered is that certain of the rodents which swarm in the tundra use the beetles for food and thus destroy the Coleoptera that ordinarily make their homes upon the ground. For example, the family Carabida? is represented in the collection by unique specimens of Bembidium incertum Mots. , B embtdiummutatumG. & H., Trcchus chalybeus Mann., Pterostichus luczoti Dej., Amara hyferborea Dej., and Cala- thus ingratus Dej. Three beetles new to the fauna of Alaska appear in the Popof Island collections — Mycetoporus Icpidus Erich., Bem- bidium mutatum G. & H., and Rhantus bistriatus Bergst. Helo- phorus auricollis was previously known only from Unalaska. 32 ALASKA INSECTS Chrysomela subsulcata Mann, was recorded from the Pribilof Islands and not elsewhere ; a single specimen was found feed- ing on a dwarf willow bush high up among the hills. The only butterflies observed during our stay were Pieris napi hulda Edw. and Brenthis frigga saga Staud. The latter, of which five specimens were captured, makes its home in the tundra. In habits it is very shy, since it will not fly till almost stepped upon, and then it flutters for a short distance close to the ground, quickly hiding itself in the thick moss. This butter- fly is no doubt in constant danger of being blown away from its island home, and its cautious habits are the result of natural selection, which has operated to eliminate the more adventurous individuals. The list of Popof moths comprises eighteen species, including an Arctian, Platarctia parthenos Harr. ; six Noctuidae : Noctua c-nigrum L., Hadena ducta Gr., Pachnobia alaskce Thunb., Ommatostola pofofcnsis sp. nov. Smith, and Anarte lanuginosa sp. nov. Smith; six Geometridas : Mesoletica variata Schiff., Petrophora montanaia Borkh., Petrophora nemorella Hulst, Tephroclystis perfusca Hulst, Tephroclystis miserula Grt., and Rhcumaptera hastata L. ; two Pyralidee : Scoparia centuriella Schiff. and Cr ambus intermincllus Walk. ; one Pterophoridae : Platyptilia petrodactyla Walk. ; two Tortricidae : Sciaphila moeschleriana Wocke. and Sericoris bipartitana Clem. The Noctuids, almost without exception, were taken upon the umbels of Hcraclewn. The list of Hymenoptera does not include any representatives of the Sphegoidea. The Apoidea includes only members of the genus Bom bus, of which five species were secured — B. coupen Cr., B. oregoncnsis Cr., B. plcuralis Nyl., B. sylvicola Kby., and B. mixtuosus sp. nov. Ashmead. Bumble-bees were observed to play an important role in the fertilization of many flowering plants. They were noted in the act of visiting the blossoms of Geranium crianthum, Lupinus nootkatensis, Polemonum ccer- uleum, Mimulus langsdorffii, Pcdicularis langsdorffii, Castil- leja pallida, and Heracleum lanatum. The number of saw-flies was exceptionally large, comprising 19 species, the gall-producing forms predominating. The list INTRODUCTION 33 includes the following : Pachyncmatus affinis Marlatt, Pachy- nematus gotarus sp. nov., Euura insularis sp. nov., Pontania 5 spp. nov., Pteronus skumagcnsis sp. nov., Dolcrus clderi sp. nov., Pachyprotasis nigrofasciatus Esch., Tcnthrcdo fcrrtiginc- ipcs Cr., T. varipicta Nort., T. mcllina Nort., T. harrimani sp. nov., T. dissimulans sp. nov., T. bivittata sp. nov., Trichio- soma triangulum Kby., and Allantus heraclei sp. nov. The species of Tcnthrcdo were of special interest. At all previous stations the members of this genus had been of species known to be of widespread distribution on the Pacific Coast and else- where. At Popof Island all but three of these familiar forms were lacking and their places were occupied by species hitherto unknown to science. Of the new forms the most striking was Tcnthrcdo dissimulans, which is of a peculiar greenish color, and makes its home upon the umbels of Hcraclcum. Here it lies in wait for unwary visitors, especially Diptera, and being colored in harmony with the greenish flower stalks among which it lives, gives no warning to its victims. All of the Tenthredos were found on the flowers of Hcraclcum, and the same was true of Allantus heraclei. Of parasitic Hymenoptera Mr. Ashmead has determined 55 species from Popof Island, of which only five had been pre- viously described. One genus (Hypocryptus) was new to the American fauna, and the same is true of the species Ischneutes reunitor Nees, a European type of the Braconida?. The Heteroptera of the island included two Capsids and three species of Corisa. The Homoptera were better represented by nine species, of which five were leaf-hoppers ; one (JVectar- ophora cpilobii sp. nov.) belonged to the Aphidae and two to the Psyllidee. The series of Neuropteroids was unexpectedly large, com- prising fourteen species. The list includes two members of the Perlidse, three Ephemeridre, and nine Trichoptera. Several large dragon-flies were observed, but they escaped capture. They were evidently of the same species (sEschna Juncca L.) as an individual captured on the neighboring island of Unga by Professor Ritter. The arachnid fauna was not very extensive, including but 34 ALASKA INSECTS fourteen species, most of them well known. Only two were new, according to Mr. Banks — Cornicularia varices and Mitojius dorsalis. The last mentioned, which is a Phalangid, was found beneath stones at an elevation of 1,700 feet. Only one species of the Myriapoda was seen. Dr. Cook has determined it as Tomotcenia chionofhila (Wood). University of Washington, January 15, 1903. ARACHNIDA OF THE EX PEDITION (35) The following paper on the Arachnida of the Expedition, by Nathan Banks, Division of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Acad- emy of Sciences, vol. u, pp. 477-486, Dec. 20, 1900. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [478] ; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. In the plate the original number and running headline, slightly abbrevi- ated, have been preserved [in brackets] , while the volume designation and serial plate number have been added in the usual place. The original text references to the plate are unchanged. The present head- piece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy's Proceedings and the original title, which was : Papers fro)n the Harriman Alaska Expedition. XI. Entomological Re- sults (j) : Arachnida. No other alterations have been made. Editor. (36) ARACHNIDA OF THE EXPEDITION BY NATHAN BANKS The spiders collected on the Harriman Expedition show con- siderable affinity to those of the State of Washington, but there are some, principally among the small Theridiidse, that are peculiar to Alaska. Dr. Marx, in the Proceedings of the En- tomological Society of Washington (Vol. II, p. 186), gave a list of Arctic spiders, including those known to him from Alaska, in which there were 62 species, many of them undescribed. In the list of 52 species given below are at least six not known to Marx. There are no remarkable forms in the collection. Of the five harvest-spiders collected, three are known from Cali- fornia and Washington, one recently described from the Com- mander Islands, and one which appears to be new. The one Pseudoscorpion is common in the coast regions of Oregon and Washington. Of the two mites, one is peculiar on account of its slenderness and armed hind legs. Besides the 52 species recorded in the list, there are a few specimens of small Theridiidas which can not be treated with- out more material, including the male sex. [477] (37) 38 BANKS [478J ARANEIDA. Family DRASSHLE. Prosthesima niger Banks. Prosthesima niger Banks, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, p. 62, 1896. Two specimens, one from Muir Glacier (June) , and one from Met- lakahtla. Known from State of Washington. Family CLUBIONIM. Clubiona pacifica Banks. Clubiona pacifica Banks, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, p. 65, 1896. Two specimens, one adult from Juneau, and one young from Kukak Bay. Previously known from Washington. Family AGALENHXE. Agalena pacifica Banks. Agalena pacifica Banks, Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, p. 89, 1896. Agalena curta McCook, Amer. Spiders, 111, pi. xxix, figs. 2, 3. A few specimens from Kadiak (July) . Known from California and Washington. Cybseus reticulatus Simon. Cybceus reticulatus Simon, C. R. Soc. Entom. Belg., p. lvi, 1886. Many specimens from Sitka, Yakutat Bay, Kadiak, Popof Island, and Metlakahtla. Previously known from Oregon and Washington. Cybaeus pusillus Simon. Cybceus pusillus Simon, C. R. Soc. Entom. Belg., p. lvii, 1886. Two specimens from Berg Bay (June) . Known from Washington. Family THERIDIIDJE. Theridium sexpunctatum Emerton. Theridium sexpunctatum Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, p. 12, 1882. Theridium marxi Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid. , n, p. 231, 1886. Several specimens from Sitka, Yakutat Bay, Berg Bay, and Kadiak (June and July). Known from New York, New Hampshire, and Washington. Ceratinella sp. Plate XXIX, fig. 5. Cephalothorax, sternum and mandibles reddish ; abdomen black ; legs pale reddish except the patellae, which are pale yellowish ; no ab- dominal plate except a small piece at base of the spinnerets ; P.M.E. [}79] ARACHNIDA 39 once and one-half their diameter apart, twice their diameter from the equal P.S.E. One female from Yakutat : probably new, but better not named in absence of the male. Cornicularia recurvata sp. nov. Plate XXIX, fig. 9. Cephalothorax red-brown, mandibles yellow-brown, sternum and abdomen black, legs pale yellowish. Head of male high, with a re- curved horn in front, tipped with stiff, back-directed hairs ; sternum broad, convex, blunt-pointed between the hind coxa? ; legs slender, an- terior tarsus nearly as long as the metatarsus, which is much shorter than the tibia ; male palpus simple, tibia short, with a short, pointed process on outer tip, hook stout and short, bulb very large, terminating in a short process; no long stylet. Length 1.7 mm. One male from the Muir Glacier ; readily known by the large, re- curved horn. Type. — Cat. no. 526S, U. S. National Museum. Cornicularia varipes sp. nov. Plate XXIX, fig. 4. Cephalothorax reddish, shining, margined with black ; head black- ish, with median and lateral black lines ; mandibles red-brown ; ster- num reddish, scarcely rugulose, maxillae brown ; abdomen black ; legs with femora and tibiae reddish, the former at tip and the latter at base yellowish; metatarsi yellowish; tarsi brown; P.M.E. about their diameter apart and about the same distance from the equal P.S. E. ; A.M.E. smaller, hardly their diameter apart, about their diam- eter from the larger A.S.E. ; between the M.E. is a faint trace of a swelling, quadrangle of M.E., much higher than broad behind ; abdo- men about twice as long as wide, with short hairs. Length 2.6 mm. One female from Popof Island. The colors of the legs will serve to separate it from the other species of the genus until the male is known. Type. — Cat. no. 5269, U. S. National Museum Cornicularia sp. One female, similar to C. cotnmunis Emer., but different by shape of epigynum. Yakutat (June). Lophocarenum sp. One female from Muir Glacier. Gonglydium alascensis sp. nov. Plate XXIX, fig. 3. Cephalothorax, legs and mandibles pale yellowish ; eyes on black 40 BANKS [4 So] spots ; sternum and abdomen black, spinnerets pale. Posterior eye-row slightly procurved; P.M.E. their diameter apart, about as far from the equal P.S.E., which touch the A.S.E. ; A.M.E. smaller, scarcely their diameter apart, and a little further from the larger A.S.E. Legs slender, tibia with two spines above, one near base, one near tip, one spine on patella ; mandibles vertical, scarcely divergent, without teeth in front ; abdomen one and two-thirds as long as broad ; head of male not elevated ; the epigynum, which is rather prominent from side view, shows a broad median septum with an oval cavity each side. Length 2.1 mm. Three specimens from Berg Bay. Type. — Cat. no. 5270, U. S. National Museum. Gonglydium sp. Two females of a pale species from the Muir Glacier ; they may be- long to some species of which the male only is known. The epigynum is an elliptical area with a nearly square cavity in posterior part ; on middle of hind margin is a denticle projecting forward. Gonglydium falsificum (Keys.). Erigone falsificum Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., n, p. 259, 1886. One female from the Muir Glacier agrees well with the description and figure of Keyserling. The male is unknown. Described from Alaska. Erigone coloradensis Keys. Erigone coloradensis Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 168, 1886. A few specimens from Kadiak and Yakutat (June) . Known from Colorado and Washington. Erigone simillima Keys. Erigone simillima Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 170, 1886. Several from Popof Island, and Saldovia, Cook Inlet. Close to the preceding and probably but an extreme form of it. Described from Alaska. Erigone famelica Keys. Plate XXIX, figs. 7, 8. Erigone famelic a Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 186, 1886. A pair from Kadiak (July) , and one from the Muir Glacier. The figure gives a different view of the palpus from that of Keyserling. Described from Alaska. Pedanostethus riparius Keys. Pedanostethus riftarius Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 265, 1886. [481] ARACHNIDA 4 1 Several females from Berg Bay, Yakutat, the Muir Glacier, and Orca (June). Known from Washington and Lake Superior. Linyphia pusilla Keys. Linyphia pusilla Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Thcrid., II, p. 55, 1886. Many specimens from Sitka, Yakutat Bay, Kakiak and Metlakahtla. Europe and northern United States. Linyphia phrygiana Keys. Linyphia phrygiana Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., II, p. 60, 1886. One from Sitka (June). Europe and northern United States. Linyphia reducta Keys. Linyphia reducta Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., n, p. 73, 1886. Two young females from Cook Inlet. Described from Washington. Linyphia sitkaensis Keys. Linyphia sitkcensis Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 86, 1886. One female from Yakutat. Described from Alaska. Labulla altioculata Keys. Labulla altioculata Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 94, 1886. One young specimen from Juneau. Described from Washington. Lepthyphantes alascensis sp. nov. Plate XXIX, fig. 6. Cephalothorax, legs and mandibles pale yellowish ; eyes on black spots ; sternum blackish ; abdomen black, a broad pale stripe on each upper side, spinnerets pale. Posterior eye-row slightly recurved, P.M.E. less than their diameter apart, scarcely farther from the nearly equal P.S.E., A.M.E. smaller, less than their diameter apart, much farther from the larger A.S.E., quadrangle of M.E. much higher than broad behind, S.E. touching. Mandibles long, vertical, plainly diver- gent, with three large teeth on front lower margin. Leg I longest, tibia I longer than metatarsus I, two spines above on all tibial, one near base, one near tip ; one spine on patella above. Abdomen rather high, one-fourth longer than broad ; the epigynum extremely prominent, the finger projecting away from abdomen. Length 2.8 mm. Several specimens from Yakutat. Type. — Cat. no. 5271, U. S. National Museum. Bathyphantes arctica Keys. Bathyphantes arctica Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Therid., 11, p. 85, 18S6. A few specimens from Sitka, Berg Bay, and Kadiak (July). De- scribed from Alaska ; also known from Washington. 42 BANKS [482] Bathyphantes sp. One female of a pale species, with short legs, from Yakutat (June) . Family DICTYNHXE. Amaurobius pictus Simon. Amanrobius pictus Simon, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, p. 3 (sep.), 1884. Two specimens from Cook Inlet and Fox Point (July). Known from California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Family EPEIRID^E. Epeira trifolium Hentz. Epeira trifolium Hentz, Spid. U. S., p. no, 1875. Several specimens from Cook Inlet and Kadiak, June, July. Spread throughout the United States. Epeira patagiata Emerton. Epeira patagiata Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, p. 305, 1884. Many specimens from Kadiak (June, July), Juneau, Kukak Bay (June) , and Popof Island. Europe and northern United States. Epeira displicata Hentz. Epeira displicata Hentz, Spid. U. S., p. 117, 1875. A few specimens from Juneau and Kadiak (July) . Entire United States. Tetragnatha extensa Emerton. Tetragnatha extensa Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad., VI, p. 333, 1884. Many specimens from Kadiak (July) , Fox Point (July) , Sitka, and Metlakahtla (June) . Europe and northern United States. Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz. Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz, Spid. U. S., p. 131, 1875. Many specimens from Kukak Bay, Kadiak (July), Yakutat (June), Popof Island, Metlakahtla (June), and Sitka. All over the United States. Zilla californica Banks. Zilla californica Banks, Jour. N. Y. Entom. Soc, p. 90, 1896. One male from Sitka (June) . Known from California and Wash- ington. [483] ARACHNIDA 43 Family THOMISIDiB. Xysticus borealis Keys. Xysticusborcalis Keyserling, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, p. 668, 1882. A few specimens from Popof Island and Kadiak (July) . Described from Alaska. Misumena vatia Keys. Misumena vatia Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Later., p. ioi, 1880. One pair from Metlakahtla (June). Europe and the United States. Tibellus oblongus Keys. TibcUus oblongus Keyserling, Die Spinn. Amer. Later., p. 196, 1880. A few specimens from Cook Inlet and Kukak Bay (June) . Europe and the northern United States. Family LYCOSHXE. Lycosa albohastata Emerton. Lycosa albohastata Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad., ix, p. 423, 1894. Two specimens from Popof Island. Known from British Columbia. Lycosa pratensis Emerton. Lycosa pratensis Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad., vi, p. 483, 1885. Several specimens from Cook Inlet and Orca (June) . Known from the northern United States. Lycosa quinaria Emerton. Lycosa quinaria Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad., ix, p. 422, 1894. One female from Popof Island appears to belong here. Described from British Columbia. Lycosa sp. One female from Kadiak (July) appears to be near L. 5cam"Em., but does not agree very well. Pardosa groenlandica Thorell. Pardosa grasnlandica Thorell, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., p. 498, 1875. — Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad., ix, p. 423, 1894. Several specimens from the Muir Glacier (June). Known from boreal America. Pardosa glacialis Thorell. Pardosa glacialis Thorell, Ofv. K. Vetensk., Akad. Forh., p. 159, 1872. — Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad., ix, p. 424, 1894. A few specimens from Popof Island. Known from boreal America. 44 BANKS [484] Pardosa uncata Thorell. Pardosa uncata Thorell, Bull. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., in, no. 2, p. 508, 1877. — Emerton, Trans. Conn. Acad., ix, p. 425, 1894. Two specimens from Juneau and Metlakahtla. Known from New Hampshire, Colorado, and British Columbia. Pirata sp. One female of a large species from Berg Bay. It is probably new. PHALANGIDA. Sclerobunus brunneus Banks. Sclcrobunus brunneus Banks, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, p. 152, 1893. Several specimens from Yakutat Bay, Juneau, Cook Inlet, Orca (June) , and Kadiak (July) . Known from Washington. Phlegmacera occidentalis Banks. Phleg?nacera occidentalis Banks, Psyche, p. 51, March, 1894. Several specimens, all very young, from Sitka (June), Berg Bay, Yakutat (June), and Popof Island. Known from Oregon and Wash- ington. Leptobunus borealis Banks. Leptobunus borealis Banks, Arachn. Commander Isl., p. 350, 1899. One specimen from Popof Island. Described from the Commander Islands. Liobunum exilipes (Wood) . Phalangium exi'/ipes Wood, Comm. Essex Inst., VI, p. 23, 1868. Two specimens from Yakutat (June), Kadiak (July). Known from California, Nevada and Washington. Mitopus dorsalis sp. nov. Plate XXIX, fig. 2. Gray : a darker median vase-mark, not reaching end of abdomen ; through this there is a pale median line from the eye-tubercle backward ; cephalothorax and sides of abdomen more or less mottled with pale, dark gray, and black ; venter pale, dotted with gray ; legs pale, indis- tinctly marked with brown at ends of joints, the tarsus on apical half blackish ; palpi lineate with brown. Eye-tubercle near posterior mar- gin of cephalothorax, quite high, with two rows of small teeth above ; on middle of front margin of cephalothorax is a group of small teeth ; rest of cephalothorax and dorsum of abdomen with many scattered denticles, those on the latter mostly in transverse rows ; legs with many black denticles arranged in rows, no false articulations in meta- [485] ARACHNIDA 45 tarsus I, nor in tibia II ; palpi with rows of denticles, the patella and tibia on inner side swollen and there thickly clothed with short, erect spine-like hairs, claw not toothed ; no supra-mandibular spine. Length 5 mm., femur II, 4 mm. Two from Popof Island (one not adult and not fully marked from the mountain top). Type. — Cat. no. 5272, U. S. National Museum. PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA. Ideobisium threveneti (Simon). Obisium threveneti Simon, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, p. 156, 1878. Several examples from Cook Inlet, Lowe Inlet (June), Long Inlet, Popof Island, and Yakutat. Known from California, Oregon and Washington. ACARINA. Gamasus sp. Several specimens from Kadiak on a Necrophorus, and from Sitka ; none in an adult condition, and no males. Holostaspis exilis sp. nov. Plate XXIX, fig. i. $ . Pale yellowish, the legs still paler. Body about twice as long as broad, tapering each way, broadest before third legs, but slightly convex above, clothed with scattered long, simple hairs, more numerous at tip of body ; each side at posterior third of the dorsal shield is a row of four or five round, reddish, impressed dots. Palpi slender ; leg I slender, no claw nor sucker at tip ; leg II with fourth joint thickened and with a large tooth below, and a small one above, the sixth joint with a small tooth at base and a long blunt spine at tip ; legs III with a spur on hind tip of second joint, and one below near middle of third joint ; leg IV with the second joint swollen on an- terior face, and just before tip with a long slender process ; bifid at tip. The peritreme runs directly to the stigmata which are above the third coxae. The sternal plate is very narrow behind, so that the hind coxae are not separated by half their width. Length 2 mm. 2 . What appears to be the female of this species is smaller, more reddish, the abdomen broadly rounded behind, the hind coxae are more widely separated, yet much closer than third coxae, the legs are un- armed ; the dorsal shield shows a slight incision near middle of each side, indicating the division of the immature forms. Length 1.5 mm. Several specimens from Yakutat, Berg Bay, Sitka, and Popof Island. Type. — Cat. no. 5273, U. S. National Museum. PLATE II. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. II, PI. XXIX.] Fig. i. Holostaspis exilis. $ 2. Mi/op its dorsalis. 3. Gonglydium alascensis. 4. Cor?iicularia varipes. 9 5. Ceratinella sp. 6. Lepthyphantes alascensis. £ 7. Erigone famelica, palpus. 8. Erigone famelica, epigynum. 9. Cornieularia recurvata. $ [486] (46) [PR. WASH. A. S., II, PL. XXIX] H. A. E. VOL. VIII. PLATE II ALASKA ARACHNIDS MYRIAPODA OF NORTHWESTERN NORTH AMERICA (47) Of MYRIAPODA OF NORTHWESTERN NORTH AMERICA BY 0. F. COOK The four classes of Arthropoda formerly arranged under the name Myriapoda are no longer believed to constitute a natural group, the agile, carnivorous Chilopoda with one pair of legs on each joint of the body having closer affinities with the true insects than with the slow-moving Diplopoda or thousand-legged ' worms.' The latter subsist on decaying vegetable matter and have two pairs of legs on most of the body segments. Related to the Diplopoda are two other classes of minute animals, the Symphyla and Pauropoda, not yet discovered in Alaska. Class DIPLOPODA. The Diplopoda are a predominately tropical group, though with numerous representatives in the temperate regions, some of which have been reported from rather high latitudes in Scandinavia and also in Siberia, but only three species have been reported from Alaska. Unlike the Insects and Molluscs, the Diplopoda attract little popular attention, and they are neither useful nor injurious to the extent of de- manding investigation for economic reasons. They have, however, a unique scientific value as probably affording a better foundation for distributional studies than any other group. Owing to their retiring habits, slow movements, lack of wings, and inability to withstand ex- (49) 50 COOK posure to unfavorable conditions, they have been unable to extend them- selves in other than the most gradual manner, so that identity, or even similarity, of diplopod faunas affords practically indubitable evidence, not only of land connection, but of existence of continuously favorable conditions, both in space and in time. On this account a comparison of the Diplopoda of northwestern America with those of northeastern Asia may yield valuable evidence regarding the nature and extent of the land connection supposed by many naturalists to have existed for- merly. The Diplopoda of the Harriman Expedition are thus an initial contribution to this phase of the trans-Bering question, though their significance can not be estimated until the Siberian representatives of the group have been studied. The systematic study of the Diplopoda is a difficult and backward province of zoology ; the literature is fragmentary and scattered, and the animals, though quite harmless, are generally avoided by all except the most intelligent and zealous collectors. The Diplopods of the Pacific Coast region have had little attention subsequent to the papers of Wood and Harger, published over thirty years ago, and it has ac- cordingly seemed permissible to insert here some of the preliminary results of a long-deferred examination of the considerable amount of material accumulated at Washington during the last decade. ' As a means of encouraging the collection of Diplopoda in the North- west, analytical keys to the higher groups and general notes likely to facilitate diagnosis have been included in the present report. The characters used for these purposes have been chosen with a view to convenience, and are not in all cases of general application to the Diplopoda of other regions. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE SUBCLASSES OF DIPLOPODA. Body without external armor; the soft skin beset with toothed and barbed bristles Subclass Pselaphognatha. Body with a hardened exoskeleton ; bristles few, inconspicuous, or wanting Subclass Chilognatha. Subclass PSELAPHOGNATHA. The subclass Pselaphognatha contains only the small caterpillar-like Diplopod PoJyxenus and a few related genera. The group is of very general distribution and is probably very old geologically, one of the Carboniferous forms (Palceocampa) being of large size. A species of Polyxcnus from the State of Washington has been described by MYRIAPODA 5* Professor Kincaid.1 The European P. lagurus extends far north, and its American relatives will probably be found in southern Alaska. Subclass CHILOGNATHA. This subclass includes all the remaining Diplopoda, with over a hundred genera and many hundreds of species. There is great diver- sity of form and structure, but all have the body protected by more or less complete chitinized rings. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE WEST AMERICAN ORDERS OF CHILOGNATHA. Body composed of 20 (rarely 19) segments, which are complete chitinous rings, without sutures Order Merocheta. Body composed of 30 (rarely 26 or 28) segments or more ; fusion of primitive sclerites not complete, at least the pedigerous laminae separated by distinct sutures. Males with eight pairs of normal legs in front of the 4-5-jointed gonapods 2 which are the posterior pair of the seventh segment and the anterior pair of the eighth ; head and mouth parts partly reduced, the latter suctorial rather than manducatory. Order Colobognatha. Males with seven more or less normal legs in front of the seventh segment, of which the anterior, and usually both pairs, are transformed into simple or 2-jointed gonapods ; head large, the mouth parts well developed and distinctly manducatory. Segments 1-5 with a single pair of legs each ; pleurae indicated by a longitudinal suture, which is met above by two transverse sutures crossing the dorsal part of the segment ; labrum with a median sinus Order Anocheta. Segment 3 or segment 4 footless, segment 5 with two pairs of legs ; pleura entirely obliterated ; transverse suture single or wanting ; labrum with a median tooth. Pedigerous laminae free; last segment with spinning organs in the form of setiferous papillae Order Coslocheta. Pedigerous laminae adnate; last segment without setiferous papillae Order Zygocheta. 1 Polyxenus fugetensis, Entomological News, ix, p. 192, 1898. This form was also collected by Professor Kincaid at Metlakatla, Alaska, while with the Harri- man Expedition. 2 This term is used in the present paper as a substitute for ' copulatory legs,' In accordance with the excellent suggestion of the German zoologist Dr. C. Verhoeff. 52 COOK Order Merocheta. Diplopoda with 19 or 20 segments, the superficial hardened parts of which are coalesced into complete rings. Eyes are wanting in all members of this order, which nevertheless contains a large proportion of the bright-colored species of the Diplopoda. Nearly all Merocheta have distinct lateral carinas or projections from the segments, on which are located the repugnatorial pores or openings of glands which in members of this order secrete prussic acid.1 It is also characteristic that the pores, which begin on segment 5, are not found on all the other segments but are always absent, at least from segment 6, and usually from several others. The normal or most general pore formula, that which prevails on all the species described below, is 5, 7? 9) 10, 12, I3» l5i l6> lh l8> l9- ANALYTICAL KEY TO WEST AMERICAN FAMILIES OF MEROCHETA. v Body compact, the carinae overlapping or continuous ; claws of an- terior legs of males abruptly curved beyond the middle. Family Xystodesmid^e. Body moniliform, the carinas distinctly separated ; claws slightly and evenly curved. Repugnatorial pores lateral, located in small depressions of the thickened margins of the carinae ; dorsal surface evenly convex, smooth Family Chelodesmid.e. Repugnatorial pores dorsal ; margins of carinae not thickened ; dorsal surface uneven with convex areas or granules. Family Polydesmid^e. Family XYSTODESMLTXE. The family Xystodesmidaa, to which the genus Fo7itaria belongs, is rich in species in eastern North America, but seems to have had no corresponding prosperity on the Pacific Coast. Two species of Fon- taria have been described from California, but none is known from Oregon or Washington, though there is no apparent reason why they should not extend to British Columbia or southern Alaska, since the eastern representatives of the family are found as far north as New York and Michigan, where the climate would seem to be much more unfavorable. The Xystodesmidae are recognizable among North American Mero- cheta by their broad carinae, the margins of which appear nearly con- 1 Science, N.S., xn, No. 301, pp. 516-521, October 5, 1900. MYRIAPODA 53 tinuous because the segments fit into each other with unusual compact- ness. They are also readily separable from the Chelodesmidae, the only West American group with which they could be confused, by the presence of a sharp spine on the lower distal corner of the second joint of the legs. Xystocheir gen. no v. Type. — Xystocheir obtusa sp. now from California. The distinctness of this genus from the East American Font aria is obvious from the totally different structure of the gonapod, which, instead of a single or a double prong arising from a broad base, is long and subconic, and ends in five spines, as described by Wood and shown in the accompanying figures. In addition there are several secondary sexual characters. The coxa of the third leg bears a large upright process ; the coxa of the fourth leg has a broadly conic process on the mesial face at base, and there is a pair of more sharply pointed proc- esses arising from the sternum between the same pair of legs. Smaller conic processes are also to be found on the sterna of segments 6, 8 and 9. All the legs of the male are crassate, and especially the second joint, the lateral face of which is strongly inflated into a large hemi- spherical prominence. The claws are long and are distinctly recurved beyond the middle. XYSTOCHEIR OBTUSA sp. nov. (pi. hi, figs, la-ic.) Type.— No. 795, U. S. Nat. Mus. Collected in California by Capt. Thomas L. Casey. Length of male about 28 mm.; width 5.5 mm.; length of antenna about 5.5 mm., of leg about 5 mm. Color in alcohol fading to olive and olive-buff. Segments with posterior corners but slightly produced, the porifer- ous callus small. Penultimate segment short, the angles of the cari- nas not exceeding those of segment 18. Gonapods with second joint subconic ; lateral spine slender, nearly terete, inserted at nearly the same level as the anterior, its apex pro- jecting distad to opposite the bases of the distal spines. Posterior dis- tal spine narrow, flattened, turned inward and forward ; anterior dis- tal spine narrowly and sharply conic, the apex turned slightly forward. A single male specimen without detailed locality. The small size and blunt carinas distinguish this species from the next. The gona- 54 COOK pods separate it from X. di'ssecta, and probably also from X.furci- fer. XYSTOCHEIR ACUTA sp. no v. Type collected in California by Mr. Carl F. Baker. Length of male about 35 mm., width 6.5 mm. Color in alcohol fading to fawn-color ; dorsum lighter, legs and an- tennae darker. Segments with posterior corners of carince strongly produced, and the projecting corner thickened to increase the size of the poriferous callus. Segment 19 exceeding segment iS, but the pores very minute, as in X. obtusa. Gonapods with second joint oblong, scarcely tapering to near the end ; lateral spine flattened, inserted somewhat above the level of the anterior, its apex scarcely exceeded by the distal spines. Posterior distal spine thin and leaf-like, the apex broadly rounded. Anterior spine relatively smaller than in X. obtusa. This species differs from the preceding in its larger size and some- what more convex dorsum, and in minor details of the gonapods, as described above, but the principal diagnostic feature seems to lie in the longer and much more produced lateral carinas. Several adult specimens of both sexes were received from Mr. Carl F. Baker, and are supposed to have been collected near Palo Alto, California. Another pair was obtained by Prof. Walter C. Blasdale in June, 1891, at Berkeley. XYSTOCHEIR FURCIFER (Karsch). Polydcsmus {Fontana) furcifer Karsch, Troschel's Archiv f. Naturgesch. , xlvii, p. 39, pi. 3, fig. 12, 1881. Fontaria furcifer Tollman, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 123, 1893. Type in the Berlin Museum, collected by Forrer. It is not impossible that this species may prove to be a synonym of X. dissecta (Wood), for although the description says that the gonapods are trifurcate at the base, the figure shows two principal divisions, as claimed by Wood, with a short, broad process from near the base of the posterior, instead of the slender spine of the two preceding species. Karsch's figure also represents the anterior of the two principal di- visions as about twice as long as the process next above it, instead of about half as long as in X. obtusa and X. acuta. MYRIAPODA 55 XYSTOCHEIR DISSECTA (Wood). Polydesmus dissecfus Wood, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., p. 129, 1867. Fontaria dissecta Bollman, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 123, 1893. Wood's original specimens were from Fort Tejon, Kern County, California. It is not known whether they are still in existence, and no recent collections from the same region have been studied. The generic affinities are obvious from the description of the gona- pods, but it has seemed impracticable to identify the animals described above with Wood's species, because the lower or lateral spine, instead of being slender and nearly straight, is characterized as " broad, thin, obtuse and as it were twisted on itself." Family CHELODESMID^. As at present constituted, this family extends throughout tropical and temperate America, where it is richly represented in genera and species. A few Asiatic species described under Oxyurus 1 also probably belong to the same series, which is at present defined by negative rather than by positive characters. The characters given in the following key apply to all the species in the United States, but the alliances of many tropical types are still very uncertain. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE WEST AMERICAN" GENERA OF CHELODESMID.E. Gonapods very long, the anterior branch large and complex, with thin crests and plates ; antennae longer than width of body. Genus Chonaphc. 1 Oxyurus jiavolimbatus L. Koch ( Abh. der k. k. zool. bot. Gesell. Wien, 1877, p. 795, 1878) from Japan, Polydesmus {Oxyurus) cyprius Humbert & Saussure (Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Vienna, xix, p. 6S4), and Oxyurus vestitus C. L. Koch (System der Mjriapoden, p. 139, 1847). Of the last species I have examined specimens belonging to the Berlin Museum, the same individuals studied by Attems. They are generically distinct from the United States species commonly- referred to Leptodesmus, as well as from the Mexican type of this genus. The 6imple probe-like gonapod has been figured by Attems (Denksch. kais. Acad. Wiss. math.-naturw. Classe, lxvii, p. 594, pi. vi, fig. 134, Vienna, 1S98). Koch's O. vestitus was the type of the genus Oxyurus. That this generic name was pre- occupied was known to Bollman and other writers, who supposed, however, that it could be replaced by Leptodesmus. This inference being incorrect, it becomes necessary to rename Koch's genus Oxyurus, for which the term Melapke is pro- posed, in allusion to the characteristic shape of the gonapod. The type of Me- laphe vestita (Koch) came from Constantinople. It is also apparent from Attems's figures that Mclaphc cypria (Humbert & Saussure) may be safely associated as a 6econd species. Melaphe differs from all the Chelodesmidae of the United 56 COOK ((x<£) Gonapods short, both branches simple; antennas shorter than width of body. Gonapods with two slender prongs of nearly equal size and length ; dorsum strongly convex, the carinas inserted at or below the middle line of side Genus Isaphc. Prongs of gonapods very unequal ; dorsum moderately convex, the carinas inserted above the middle line of side. Posterior (lateral) branch of gonapod long, strongly curved, terete, tapering to a slender point ; posterior corners of carinas rounded. Genus Hybaphe. Posterior branch of gonapod falcate, the apex broad and flattened ; posterior corners of carinas distinctly angled. Genus Harpaphe. Chonaphe gen. nov. Type. — Cho7iaphe armata (Harger) from Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Body rather small and slender ; dorsum moderately convex ; carinas inserted higher up and less thickened on the margin than in related Western genera. Antennas filiform, longer than the body is wide ; legs also long and slender in comparison with those of related genera. Gonapods much longer than in allied forms, the laminate-cristate anterior branch much larger than the slender and strongly incurved posterior branch. CHONAPHE ARMATA (Harger) . (pi. iv, figs. 2a, 2b, 2c.) Polydesmus armatus Harger, Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, iv, p. 120, July 13, 1872. Leptodesmns armatus Bollman, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 122, 1893. A specimen apparently referable to this species is included in a col- lection of Washington Myriapoda.1 In addition to the characteristic gonapods there are other conspicuous differences. In habit it is a slen- der, long-legged animal. The dorsal convexity is moderately strong, but the carinas are inserted higher up and are thinner than in the related Western genera. The color of the alcoholic specimen is a uniform dull purplish. It measures about 30 mm. by 4.5 mm. ; antennas 5 mm. ; leg 4.2 mm. Hargcr's measurement is 28 mm. His specimens were States in the very flat dorsum, the thinner margins of the carina?, and the very small last segment. The habit is also characteristic, the carina? being nearly as continuous as in the Xystodesmida?. The femora are unarmed. 'Through the kindness of Prof. C. V. Piper, of Pullman, Washington, I have recently received a small but very interesting collection of Myriapoda. MYRIAPODA 57 from the John Day Valley, Oregon, and are described as having the carinas and last segment yellow. CHONAPHE ERUCA (Wood). Polydcsmus eruca Wood, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 8, 1864; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. , xiii, p. 227, 1865. Strongylosoma eruca Bollman, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 122, 1893. The generic position of this species can not be determined with con- fidence, but there need be no doubt that it belongs with the present series of American genera, rather than with the European genus Strongylosoma Brandt. This disposes of a long-standing anomaly of distribution, since no other species of Strongylosoma, nor anything related to it, is known from North America. The present species is assigned to the genus Chofiaphe on the basis of three female specimens collected by Prof. C. V. Piper at Pullman, Washington, which may prove to be females of Chonaphe armata, though they are distinctly more robust and convex, and with the carinas proportionally much smaller than the females of other species of the related genera. They agree fairly well with Wood's description, except in color, which is very pale grayish, slightly tinged with brownish in one individual. Wood's specimens were also all females, and as they, as well as the type of Harger's species, were from Oregon, the presumption of spe- cific identity is somewhat strengthened, though the degree of sexual dimorphism which this would imply is rather unusual among the Diplopoda. Isaphe gen. nov. Type. — Isaphe convexa, from Idaho. Antenna? subfiliform ; joints 2 to 5 equal, joint 6 slightly longer and thicker than the others ; olfactory cones 4. First segment semielliptic, nearly as broad as the second, about twice as wide as long. Lateral carinas rather narrower than in related genera ; posterior corner rounded, produced only on a few posterior segments. Repugnatorial pores sublateral, opening in small pits of the outer slope of the strongly thickened margins of the carinas ; pore formula normal. Gonapods with basal joint moderately prominent; second joint with a somewhat bulbous base on which are inserted two long, slender, tapering prongs nearly equal in length and size, and strongly connivent at the apex. The dorsal convexity is notably greater than in other West Ameri- 58 cook can genera. The much rounded carina? suggest those of Hybaphe curtipes, but the gonapods are so unlike as to forbid the inference of close relationship. Females have the carinas still further reduced. ISAPHE CONVEXA sp. nov. (pi. iv, figs, la, lb.) Type.— No. 78S, U. S. Nat. Mus. Collected by John B. Leiberg in Kootenai County, Idaho, August, 1890. Length of male about 30 mm. ; width 5.3 mm. ; length of antenna 4.3 mm. ; of leg 4 mm. Color in alcohol brown, darkest across the middle of the segment ; carina yellowish, also a transverse band occupying the middle third of the posterior margin of each segment. The lighter area is larger and less distinctly defined on posterior segments. Surface of segments smooth and shining. Gonapods with extremely long bristles arising from the basal por- tion of the second joint. The prongs are of nearly equal length, the anterior being somewhat more slender, and having a double curve near the base, while the other is simply arcuate. A male and two female specimens were collected by Mr. Leiberg. Hybaphe gen. nov. Type. — Hybaphe tcrsa, from State of Washington. Related to Isaphe and to Harpaphe ; from the former it differs in the less convex dorsum and in the very small and spine-like anterior ramus of the gonapod. The posterior branch is much longer and is much more curved than in Isaphe. From Harpaphe the present genus is distinct in the strongly rounded posterior corners of the carinas, and in the long, strongly decurved, subterete gonapods. HYBAPHE TERSA sp. nov. (pi. iv, fig. 3«.) Type.— No. 7S9, U. S. Nat. Mus. Collected by C. V. Piper at Almota, Washington. Length of male 37 mm. ; width 6 mm. ; length of antenna 5.3 mm. ; length of leg from middle of body 5.5 mm., with claw 6 mm. Color of alcoholic specimen dark grayish-brown ; carinas yellowish ; legs very dull reddish ; antennas much darker reddish, except at the yellowish articulations. MYRIAPODA 59 The yellow areas of the carina; are narrower than in H. curt/pes, especially in the middle and front of the segment ; the dark color of the posterior margin is also more distinct than in that species. HYBAPHE CURTIPES sp. nov. Type. — No. 790, U. S. Nat. Mus. Collected at Pullman, Washing- ton, by C. V. Piper. Length of male about 33 mm. ; width 5 mm. ; length of leg with- out claw 4.4 mm. ; with claw 4.6 mm. ; length of female about 36 mm. ; width 5.7 mm. ; length of leg of female 5 mm. ; claw .3 mm. Color in alcohol grayish or greenish-brown, more or less marbled ; carina? yellow, the yellow area larger and apparently brighter colored than in H. tersa. The small and weak legs of the male of this species are, perhaps, the most conspicuous difference between it and H. tersa. Additional diagnostic features are to be found in the small size of the body, the more convex dorsum, the narrower and more rounded carinas, with a larger yellow area. The reduction of the carinas becomes particularly noticeable on the posterior segments, only a few of which have the corners produced, and that but slightly, in comparison with the large projecting angles of H. tersa. The thickened margin of the carinas, on the other hand, is more pronounced in the present species, and the poriferous cavity is larger ; in other words, the body characters which separate HybapJie tersa from Harpaphe haydenia)ia are accentuated in Hybaphe curtipes. Harpaphe gen. nov. Type. — Harpaphe haydeniana (Harger) from Oregon. Closely related to the two preceding genera, but of larger size and more robust habit. The posterior angles of the carinas, instead of be- ing rounded, are distinctly produced, and the slender, terete, posterior ramus of the gonapods of Isaphe and Hybaphe is replaced in Har- paphe by a very short, robust, flattened and blade-like armature, to which the generic name alludes. Whether the generic is too high a rank to assign to these groups of species can only be determined at a considerably more advanced stage of the study of the Diplopoda of the Northwest. HARPAPHE HAYDENIANA (Wood). (pi. iv, figs. 4«, 4#, 4c.) Polydesmus haydenianus Wood, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., p. 10, 1864 ; Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, xiii, p. 226, 1865. Leptodesmus haydenianus Bollman, Bull. 46, U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 122, 1893. 60 COOK Type collected in Oregon, apparently by the Hayden Expedition. The specimen is probably no longer in existence ; many of the Myria- pods studied by Wood were destroyed by fire in the Smithsonian Insti- tution. This species was secured by the Harriman Expedition at Lowe Inlet, B. C. For comparison the U. S. National Museum has a spec- imen from Portland, Oregon, and several from Comox Lake, Van- couver Island, the male from which the figures were drawn being from this locality. In addition to the notes given below with H. intaminata, it may be said that the dorsum of what is taken to be the true Polydesmus haydeniana is somewhat less convex, much more distinctly rugulose, and of a more distinctly brown color than that of the California specimens. The last segment is abruptly narrowed below the very narrow subcylindric apex, which is tipped with brown. The sides of this segment and the adjacent parts of the anal valves are yellowish. No differences in the gonapods were detected, and it seems strange that nobody has suggested the reduction of intaminata as a synonym of haydeniana. A female specimen collected by Mr. A. D. Hopkins in June, 1902, in a dense forest of the Olympic Mountains (No. 1062), is nearly black in color, with the yellow areas of the carinas smaller than usual and the corners of the posterior carinse somewhat more produced. The last segment is slightly constricted just below the truncate apex, and has a slight prominence on each side above the constriction ; the tip is dark brown. HARPAPHE INTAMINATA (Karsch). Polydesmus (Oxyurus) intaminatus Karsch, Troschel's Archiv f. Naturg., xlvii, p. 41, 1 881. Leptodesmus intaminatus Attems, Denkschr. Kais. Acad. Wien., lxvii, p. 387, pi. vi, fig. 135, 1898. Type in the Berlin Museum; from California. This species may easily prove to be a synonym of H. haydeniana, but from the material studied it appears that California representatives of this genus differ from Oregon specimens in having the dorsal sur- faces smooth and shining, instead of distinctly coriaceous. The yel- low areas of the carinas are also somewhat larger and more brightly colored. The last segment is shorter and not produced at apex ; in color the apex is yellow throughout, but the sides and anal valves are dark. Neither Wood nor Karsch gives definite localities. Attems studied specimens from Sisson, at the base of Mount Shasta, in northern Cali- fornia, and also examined Karsch's type, though he does not say that MYRIAPODA 6l his description and figure were based upon it. Karsch gives a meas- urement of 30 mm. and Attems 34-36 mm. by 5.5 mm. ; but the U. S. National Museum has California specimens 38 mm. by 6 mm., col- lected by Ehrhorn at Mountain View. Family POLYDESMIM. It was formerly customary to refer to this family all the members of the order Merocheta, but as now limited it consists largely of temper- ate forms of rather small size, the more intimate relatives of the cir- cumpolar genus Polydesmus . ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE NORTHWEST AMERICAN GENERA OF POLYDESMID^E. Body composed of nineteen segments ; dorsum convex, rough with several transverse rows of conic granules Genus Scytonotus. Body with twenty segments ; dorsum nearly flat, ornamented with three rows of convex areas Genus Polydesmus. Genus Scytonotus C. L. Koch. Scytonotus C. L. Koch, System der Myriapoden, p. 130, 1847. Young and female specimens of a Scytonotus were collected by the Harriman Expedition at Yakutat Bay, Sitka, and Juneau, but without adult males their relationship to the eastern Scytonotus granulatus can not be determined. The figures of Scytonotus shown in plate in were made from a specimen from the Northwest, in the belief that it was a new species. Subsequently the vial was misplaced, so that the preparation of a comparative description must be deferred. Genus Polydesmus Latreille. Polydesmus Latreille, Hist. Nat. des Crust, et d. Ins., Ill, p. 44, 1802, and vii, p. tj, 1804. It is to be expected that Polydesmus will be found in Alaska, but in the forest region of the southern part, rather than upon the coasts and islands visited by the Harriman Expedition. POLYDESMUS CERASINUS Wood. Polydesmus cerasinus Wood, Proc. Phila. Acad. Sci., 1864, p. 6; Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, XIII, p. 217, 1865. This species was described from Oregon, and specimens apparently referable to it are included in the collection sent by Prof. C. V. Piper, from the State of Washington. 62 COOK Order Colobognatha. The order Colobognatha contains a small series of peculiar Diplo- poda, very different, even in external appearance, from other members of the class. The segments are very short, compact, and numerous. The body is also distinctly flattened, and the projecting sides conceal the legs, so that the Colobognatha are particularly liable to be over- looked as worms, grubs, or slugs. Family POLYZONIIDjE. There are several tropical families of Colobognatha, but the Poly- zoniidae are a north-temperate group common to both hemispheres. The complete distinctness of the Diplopod faunas of the two sides of North America is strikingly exemplified by the fact that while the Eastern Polyzonium ros album is closely similar to the European P. germanicum, there is a new and very distinct genus in the State of Washington to which the attention of collectors in the Northwest should be directed. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE GENERA OF POLYZONIID^E. Segments strongly depressed, the dorsum nearly horizontal ; head broadly rounded ; segments 20 Genus Platyzonium. Segments strongly convex; head conical ; segments 30 to 50. Last segment covered and exceeded by the large, broadly rounded, penultimate segment; segments 30 ....Genus Hypozonium. Last segment exposed and projecting beyond the distinctly emar- ginate posterior edge of the penultimate ; segments variable in number, adults commonly with 40 to 50 Genus Polyzonium. Hypozonium gen. nov. The new member of the Polyzoniidae suggests the European Platyzo- nium getschmannii (Zool. Anzeiger, No. 488, p. 426, 1895), rather than Polyzonitim. The body is more convex than in Plalyzonium, though much less so than in Polyzonium. The body cavity is nearly semicircular in Polyzonium, and about twice as wide as high, but in Hypozonium it is over three times as wide as high, and has the outer corners very narrow. The lateral angles can scarcely be called carinas in the present family, since they are not projections from the sides of cylindrical segments, as in the Merocheta and Ccelocheta, but are a direct result of the dorsoventral compression of the body. Among the Merocheta the power of rolling up spirally depends largely upon the MYRIAPODA 63 shortness of the interlocking parts of the segments, hut the segments of the Polyzoniidae are already extremely short, and the relative flexi- bility of the body in the vertical plane is evidently greater in Hypo- zonium than in the much thicker Polyzonium. An even more striking difference between Polyzonium and Hypo- zonium exists in the fact that the last segment, which in Polyzonium is distinctly visible from above as a narrow projection, is in Hypo- zonium entirely concealed and greatly exceeded by the large trapezoidal penultimate segment. In Polyzonium the penultimate segment is slightly longer, and of the same shape as the others, but in Hypo- zonium it is over three times the normal length, and is not emargi- nate behind, but broadly rounded. The last segment is very minute and is concealed in a recess between the oblique and rather prominent pleurae of the penultimate segment. HYPOZONIUM ANURUM sp. nov. (pi. v, figs, la-id.) Type.— No. 791, U. S. Nat. Museum. Collected at Seattle, Wash- ington, by C. V. Piper. Length about 7 mm. ; width 2.5 mm. ; 30 segments. Color in alcohol a deep brownish-orange, closer examination shows that the tint is not uniform, but is darker and somewhat mottled on the posterior subsegments. The antennae are dark, with a purplish tinge. In form they are ex- tremely robust, more so than in Polyzonium, and much more so than in Platy zonium. The joints are more unequal in size than in Poly- zonium; basal joint short, the sixth much the largest, and the seventh reduced to a stopper-like disk which fits into the end of the sixth and is not visible from the side. Eye-spots farther apart than in Polyzonium ; ocelli three on each side, in a somewhat obliquely vertical row, the upper farther apart than the lower, but not in a direction so divergent as those of Polyzonium. The upper ocellus is concealed under the margin of the first segment. The lateral margins and posterior corners of the segments are much more prominent and rounded than in Polyzonium, where the sides of the body are a nearly even, continuous line. Order Anocheta. Cylindrical Diplopoda, mostly of large size. They differ from all except the Colobognatha in having legs on all the anterior segments, 64 COOK in having one pair instead of two on segment 5. From the Colobog- natha they are distinct in the cylindrical body, with completely hardened segmental rings, in having the mouth-parts well developed and adapted for chewing, and in having the anterior pair of legs of segment 7 modi- fied into gonapods, instead of having eight normal legs in front of the gonapods, as in the Colobognatha. The large cylindrical Myriapods so common in tropical countries belong to two distinct series formerly treated as constituting two colos- sal related genera, Spirobolus and Spirostreptus, but now recognized as having little in common, and assigned to the separate orders, Ano- cheta and Diplocheta. Only the former extends into temperate re- gions, and this only in North America and eastern Asia. And since the Chinese Anocheta are very similar to those of temperate North America, and may have been derived from them, the absence of tem- perate Anocheta from other parts of the Old World, and the relatively great abundance and diversity of the Anocheta of the American trop- ics in comparison with those of the Old World, may be taken as indi- cations of an American origin for the order as a whole, though its cosmopolitan distribution must have been attained at a very remote period. Family SPIROBOLIM. The Anocheta are not separated into families, but there are numer- ous genera, and those of temperate North America are distinct from the tropical genus Spirobolus ', in which they have thus far been in- cluded. ANALYTICAL KEY TO THE NORTH AMERICAN GENERA OF SPIROBOLID^E. Anal valves strongly inflated and evenly convex, the margins not prominent ; second segment not projecting below the lateral cor- ners of the first ; males with claws of anterior legs as long as the distal joint , Genus Onychclus. Anal valves with prominent thickened margins ; second segment with a prominent angle directed downward and forward beyond the lateral corners of the first segment ; males with claws of anterior legs not hypcrtrophied. Body slender, over ten times as long as broad; legs long, projecting beyond the sides of the body ; anterior legs of male with third joint much larger than the second, on pairs 4 to 7 strongly compressed and with a thin ventral edge Genus Arctobolus} 'A new genus, based on Arctobolus onondaga sp. nov. The type, collected at Kirkville, Onondaga County, New York, in June, 1S95, is 65 mm. long by 5.3 MYRIAPODA 65 Body robust, less than eight times as long as broad ; legs short, en- tirely concealed by the body from above ; anterior legs of male with third joint normal and shorter than the second. Genus Tylobolus. Tylobolus gen. nov. Type. — Tylobolus deses sp. nov., from California. Antennae accommodated by a deep excavation in the head and mandibulary stipe ; not concealed under the first segment. First segment scarcely emarginate on each side in front to accom- modate the prominent posterior corner of the head. Second segment below on each side with a thick oblique ventral ridge or keel enlarged in front into a rounded process projecting below the corner of the first segment as a stout rounded corner. Segments with a very slight transverse constriction, the posterior sub- segment scarcely thicker or more convex than the anterior ; repugna- torial pores located in the constriction ; posterior subsegments with a short and indistinct longitudinal groove behind the pore. Anal valves prominent and swollen near the margins. Males with coxa of the third leg produced into a large hook, directed forward ; coxa of fourth leg prominent, the others scarcely so. Gonapods with ventral plate broadly triangular or rounded ; anterior lobes blunt, tuberculate on the anterior face mesad. Posterior gonapods rather simple, strongly curved, ending in a cylindrical pilose spine. The ventral rim of the seventh segment is low, as in Arctobolus. TYLOBOLUS DESES sp. nov. (pi. m, figs. 36] Scherbakof, A. M. 1898a Einige Bemerkungen iiber Apterygogenea, die bei Kiew 1896-1897 gefunden vvurden. Zool. Anz., bd. 21, pp. 57-65, 9 figs. 18983 [Materials for the apterjgogenea fauna in the vicinity of Kief.] 31 pp., 3 pis. Kief. (In Russian.) i8gga Zur Collembolen-Fauna Spitzbergens. Zool. Anz., bd. 22, p. 47, 3 figs. 18993 [Collembola.] 6 pp., 1 pi. Kief. Schott, H. 1891 Nya nordiska Collembola. Ent. tidsk., arg. 12, pp. 191-192, 2 figs. 1894 Zur systematik und verbreitung palaearctischer Collembola. Kongl. sven. vet. akad. hand., bd. 25, no. 11, 100 pp., 7 pis. 1896 North American Apterygogenea. Proc. Cal. acad. sc, ser. 2, vol. 6, pp. 169-196, pis. 16-18. Tomosvary, 0. 1882 Adatok hazank Thysanura-faunajahoz. Math. term, kdzlem, Magyar Ak., vol. 18, pp. 119-130, 1 pi. Tullberg, T. 1871 Forteckning ofver Svenska Podurider. Ofv. k. vet. akad. forh., arg. 28, no. 1, pp. 143-155- 1872 Sveriges Podurider. K. sven. vet. akad. hand., bd. 10, no. 10, 70 pp. 12 pis. 1876 Collembola borealia. Ofv. k. vet. akad. forh., arg. 33. no. 5, pp. 23-42, taf. 8-1 1. Uzel, J. 1891 Thysanura Bohemiae. Sitzber. k. boh. Gesell. Wiss., bd. 2, pp. 3-S2, taf. 1, 2. Wahlgren, E. 1899 Ueber die von der Schwedischen Polarexpedition 1S98 gesammelten Collembolen. Ofv. k. vet. akad. forh., arg. 56, no. 4, pp. 335-340. 1899 Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Collembola-Fauna der ausseren Schiiren. Ent. tidsk., arg. 20, hft. 2-3, pp. 183-193. PLATE VI. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, PI. IV.] Fig. i. Neanura gigantea Tx\\\. (X20). 2. " omata, sp. nov. (X 60). 3. Anurida amorita, sp. nov. (X !§)• 4. Isotofna viridis Bourl., type (X 13)- 5- " " ' var. arctica Schott (X 12). [108] (I06) S., IV, PL. V] H. A. E. VOL. VIII, PLATE VI V../ .**" * . 1ELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON. ALASKA APTERYGOTA v OF THi VNIVER! "<+ Fig. 6 7 8 PLATE VII. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, PI. V.] Machilis arctica, sp. nov. (X8). " " " " antenna (X 30). " " " left maxillary palpus (X 30). " " " right labial palpus (X 30). " " " " left mid leg (X 30). [no] (108) ■ PL. V] E. VOL. Vill, PLATE VI HEUOTYPE CO., BOSTON. ALASKA APTERYGOTA ' • I I 1 PLATE VIII. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, PI. VI.] Fig ii. Neanura gigantea Tull.; eyes of left side (X 127). 12. " " " left postantennal organ (X 434)- 13. " " " left aspect of hind foot (X99)- 14. " ornata sp. nov.; head; eyes indicated by c, e, e (X99)- 15. " " " " left aspect of left antenna (X I27)- 16. " " " " ventral aspect of head (X 60). 17. " " " " metanotal setoe (X434)- iS. " " " " right aspect of left fore foot (X367) • 19. Anurida amorita sp. nov.; eyes and postantennal organ of right side (X200). 20. Anurida amorita sp. nov.; left postantennal organ (X434)- 21. " " " " right " " (X434)- (fiSs- 2° and 21 are from the same individual.) 22. Anurida amorita sp. nov.; dorsal aspect of right antennal organ (X367). 23. Anurida amorita sp. nov.; left mid foot (X 2°°) 24. " " " " right aspect of right fore foot (X 30°) • [112] (no) [PR. WASH. A. S., IV, PL. VI I H. A. E. VOL. VIII, PLATE VIII HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA APTERYGOTA PLATE IX. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, PI. VIL] Fig. 25. Aphorura octopunctata Tull.; right postantennal organ, etc. ( X 367). 26. " " " dorsal aspect of right antennal organ (X434). 27. Aphorura octopunctata Tull.; left aspect of left hind foot ( X 367). 28. " " " left aspect of left anal spine ( X 357)- 29. " dentata sp. nov.; represents arrangement of dorsal pseudo- celli ( X 20). 30. Aphorura dentata sp. nov. ; right postantennal organ ( X 434)* 31. " " " " deeper structure of postantennal organ ( X 434)- 32. Aphorura dentata sp. nov.; base of right antenna ( X I27)- 33. " '• " " dorsal aspect of right antennal organ (X434). 34 Aphorura dentata sp. nov. ; left aspect of right hind foot ( X 200). 35. " " " " dorsal aspect of anal spines ( X 200)/" 36. " " " " right aspect of right anal spine ( X 200). 37. Isoto?na fimetaria (L.) Tull.; antenna ( X 60). 38. " " " " left aspect of right hind foot ( X 434)- 39. " " " " left mucro ( X 434)- 40. " viridis Bourl., var. arctica Schott ; eyes and postantennal or- gan of right side ( X 200). 41. Isotoma viridis Bourl., var. arctica Schott ; left aspect of left fore foot ( X 200). 42. Isotoma viridis Bourl., var. arctica Schott; right aspect of right mucro (X434)- [114] (112) , .. PL. Vlll ■ EUGTYPE CO. ALASKA APTERYGOTA UNIVE1 (5 Fig. 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 5i 54 55 56 57 58 [116] PLATE X. [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. IV, PI. VIII.] Entomobrya kincaidi sp. nov.; eyes of right side (X374)» " " " " left aspect of left hind foot (X 434)- " " " " left aspect of left mucro (X 434)- Tomocerus niger Bourl., type; right aspect of right fore foot (X3^7)- " " " " dental spines (X 200). " " " var. arcticus Schdtt ; eyes of right side (X 367). " " " " „" " right aspect of left hind foot (X 367)- Tomocerus 7iiger Bourl., var. arcticus Schott; dental spines (X200). " " " " " " doubled dental spines (X200). Tomocerus niger Bourl., var. arcticus Schott ; dental spines slightly ab- normal (X 200). Tomocerus niger Bourl., var. americanus Schott ; dental spines (X 200). Papirius palmatus sp. nov.; eyes of left side (X 127). " " " " left aspect of left hind foot (X 367)- " " " " left aspect of left mucro, etc. (X 200). Mackilis arctica sp. nov.; dorsal aspect of head (X 28). " " " " cuticular figure (X43+)- ("4) • L Villi , 'LATE X HELIOTYPE CO. ALASKA APTERYGOTA ./M8ITY J of ^ ^r ORTHOPTERA OF THE EX PEDITION (us) The following paper on the Orthoptera of the Expedition, by A. N. Caudell, Division of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. n, pp. 511-512, Dec. 20, 1900. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [512] ; while the consecu- tive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy's Proceedings and the original title, which was : Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, xv. Entomological Results (q) : Orthoptera. No other alterations have been made. Editor. (116) ORTHOPTERA OF THE EXPEDITION BY A. N. CAUDELL The large collection of insects obtained during the Harri- man Alaska Expedition by Professor Kincaid contained only a single species of Orthoptera, as follows : Melanoplus borealis Fieber. Melanoplus borealis Fieber, Lotos, in, p. 120, 1853. — Scudder, Rev. Mela- nop., p. 270, 1897. Professor Kincaid secured five adults, three males and two females, and nine nymphs, at Kukak Bay, Alaska Peninsula (July 3, 1899). They were all taken within a few feet of a small pool in a sphagnum swamp. This pool, which was about ten feet in diameter, was surrounded by a miscellaneous vege- tation, in which the locusts lived. The specimens were cap- tured by causing them to leap into the water, when they were easily secured. They were preserved in spirits. A large scope of country surrounding this spot was carefully gone over by the collector during the succeeding fortnight and many similar pools visited, but not another locust was seen. This would in- dicate that this species is quite local in its occurrence. [5«] ("7) Il8 CAUDELL [512] The nymphs, which are apparently in the last stage, usually have the outer surface of the posterior femora wholly black on the basal two-thirds, generally relieved by two oblique pale bands, and the inner surface marked by two oblong fuscous spots. This species has been recorded from the Northern United States, Labrador, Greenland, and Norway. APHIDIDiE OF THE EX PEDITION ("9) The following paper on the Aphididae of the Expedition, by Theo. Pergande, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Wash- ington Academy of Sciences, vol. n, pp. 513-517, Dec. 20, 1900. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [514]; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy's Proceedings and the original title, which was : Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, xvi. En- tomological Results (10): Aphididce. No other alterations have been made. Editor. (120) APHIDIDjE of the expedition BY THEO. PERGANDE This paper is based upon a small collection of plant lice ob- tained in Alaska by Professor Trevor Kincaid during the Har- riman Expedition in 1899. The material thus brought together comprises four species, one of them European, while the remaining three appear to be new ; at least I failed to identify them with any of our described forms. It is greatly to be regretted that the migratory female was obtained with only two of them, that no colorational notes were made of the living insects before immersion in alcohol, and that no attempt was made to ascertain the name of the host plants on which they were feeding. The descriptions of the new species will therefore be rather defective and incomplete, though I hope they will enable future students to recognize them. NECTAROPHORA CAUDATA sp. nov. Winged viviparous female : general color apparently green or yel- lowish green. Antennae black; the two basal joints dusky, their base and base of the third pale. Eyes brown. The head, a somewhat lunate spot at the posterior margin of the prothorax, the mesothoracic [513] (121) PERGANDE [5 14] lobes and sternal plate, posterior margin of the scutellum, two small roundish spots on the metathorax, a transverse row of three small linear spots on the first abdominal segment, a narrow, transverse band about the middle of the abdomen, a dorso-lateral row of three trans- verse spots in front of and two smaller spots between the nectaries of a brownish or dusky coloration. Legs brownish yellow, base of femora greenish yellow ; both the femora and tibiae change gradually to a darker brown towards the apex. Tarsi black. Nectaries and tail concolorous with the abdomen, with tip of nectaries blackish. The wings were very much mutilated, though the subcosta appears to have been green- ish or greenish yellow at base and shading gradually to brownish yel- low towards the stigma, which appears to have been greenish or yel- lowish green ; veins black. Length of body about 3.4 mm. ; expanse of wings about 10 mm. ; length of antennae almost 4 mm. ; of the nectaries nearly 0.4 mm. ; and of the tail a little over 0.2 mm. The two basal joints of the antennae, as usual, shortest, each of them slightly over o. 1 mm., the first one being slightly the longest; the third joint measures 0.8 mm. in length, the fourth nearly 0.7, the fifth a little over 0.5 mm., and the sixth with its spur 1.2 mm. in length. The hairs of the antennae and abdomen are very short, simple and sparse, while those of the tibiae are prom- inent and spine-like. The nectaries are slightly tapering and much shorter than usual in this genus, not reaching to the end of the body, while the tail is unusually broad and but slightly constricted beyond the middle. Apterous female : General coloration similar to that of the winged form ; eyes brown, antennae black, the two basal joints pale, the third joint brownish. Legs and nectaries brownish yellow, base of femora greenish, apex of the tibiae, of the nectaries and the tarsi black. There are no markings on the abdomen, except a dorso-lateral row of five or six minute, impressed, dusky dots each side in front of the nectaries. Length, 3.6 to 4 mm. to the tip of the tail; antennae rather short, barely reaching to nectaries and about 3 mm. in length. The third joint measures almost 0.7 mm., the fourth somewhat over 0.4 mm., the fifth 0.4 mm., and the sixth with its spur 0.8 mm. in length. There are from one to four small sensoria a little above the base of the third joint. The nectaries and tail are subequal in length, or with the tail, as in some specimens, distinctly longer than the nectaries; the tail measures about 0.4 mm. in length and is much broader than in the winged form. The winged form of this species resembles, on account of the mark- [515] APHIDID.E 123 ings of its abdomen, Nectaropkora gra?iaria Kirby ; it is, however, larger, with much shorter nectaries and much broader tail, while the apterous form, on account of the short nectaries comes near Nectaro- pkora fulvee Oestl., though it is considerably larger and differs be- sides in the conspicuously broad tail. Taken at Juneau, Alaska. Type. — Cat. no. 5274, U. S. National Museum. NECTAROPHORA INSULARIS sp. nov. Apterous female: General color evidently green. Eyes brown; antennae black, the two basal joints, and the basal two-thirds or more of joints three and four pale. Legs pale, the coxae brown, apex of tibiae, the tarsi and the tip of nectaries dusky to black. The body is marked with a subdorsal row of nine small dusky spots, of which those on the prothorax and mesothorax are elongated ; there are also two me- diodorsal spots on the metathorax ; four still smaller dorso-lateral spots in front of nectaries and four minute ventro-lateral spots. In some of the immature specimens the nectaries are almost black. Length of body to tip of tail 3 to 3.4 mm., antennas rather long, reaching to or beyond tip of tail and about 4 mm. in length. Length of nectaries 0.7 to 0.8 mm. ; tail about 0.3 mm. Length of third an- tennal joint about 0.7 mm. ; fourth joint 0.6 mm. ; fifth joint 0.5 mm., and the sixth, with its spur, 2 to 3 mm. in length, the spur being much longer than joint three. The first joint is very stout and almost twice the length of the second ; the third joint is provided with one to three small sensoria near its base. Nectaries slender, slightly tapering and curving outwards. Hairs of antennae minute and simple, those of the tibiae stout and spine-like, a few of them sometimes slightly thickened at the tip. This species resembles somewhat Nectaropkora pisi Kalt., but is much larger, the legs shorter and stouter, the nectaries shorter and the tail broader. Obtained on St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Type. — Cat. no. 5275, U. S. National Museum. NECTAROPHORA EPILOBII sp. nov. Apterous female: Color apparently dark reddish or brownish. Eyes brown. Head, antennae, nectaries, coxae, terminal third of fem- ora and tibiae, the tarsi and anal lobes black, remaining parts of legs dark yellowish ; tail yellow. There is a black or dusky band on the 124 PERGAXDE [S1^] prothorax and mesothorax, a longitudinal dusky mark each side of the mesothoracic band, transverse rows of minute black dots on the abdo- men, and a large black spot at the base of the nectaries posteriorly. Length of body, exclusive of the tail, 3 to 3.4 mm. Length of an- tennae 3.5 mm.; nectaries 0.7 mm.; tail 0.6 mm. The third joint of the antennae measures 1.2 mm.; the fourth joint 0.6 mm.; the fifth 0.5 mm., and the sixth, with its spur, 1.2 mm. The third antennal joint is provided with a row of nine to ten prom- inent sensorial tubercles near its basal one-third. Nectaries stout and tapering ; tail prominent, almost as long as nectaries, densely covered with sharp points and provided each side with five or six small notches, which give rise to a fine, long and curved hair. Hairs of an- tennae and legs stout and spine-like, those of the body rather long, slender and simple. In general appearance this species resembles very much Nectaro- fhora millefolii Fab., but is larger and not so hairy as that species. Found upon a species of Epilobium on Popof Island, Alaska. Type. — Cat. no. 5276, U. S. National Museum. CLADOBIUS POPULEUS Kalt. Cladobius popideics Kalt., Monog. d. Pflanzenl, 1, p. 116, 1843. {Aphis.) While studying this handsome species and comparing it with the descriptions by Kaltenbach and Koch, I became convinced that it was identical with that described by these authors, notwithstanding both of them speak of the nectaries as being cylindrical, whereas, in fact, they are clavate. This error, or discrepancy was evidently due to the fact that the nectaries of this and probably some other species of this genus are rather more slender than usual and when being carried parallel to the sides of the abdomen, appears to be more or less dis tinctly cylindrical, whereas, in projecting obliquely from the sides of the body their clavate character becomes quite plain. In many of the species of this genus the nectaries are unusually robust and conspic- uously clavate, while in others this character becomes less and less pronounced and may easily lead to errors. Besides this oversight, Koch made evidently additional errors while drawing up his diagnosis of this genus, which, no doubt, was due to impaired eyesight. One of the most notable instances is his statement that joints four to six are of nearly equal length and that the, so-called, seventh joint is very small; in reality joints four, five, and the spur, or seventh joint, are, as stated by Kaltenbach, subequal in length, [517] APHIDID^E 125 whereas, as is usual in the higher groups of Aphidinas, the sixth joint is shorter than either of these joints, and, since our Alaska insect agrees in coloration and other important characters, excepting the nectaries, with Kaltenbach's description, I take it for granted that it belongs to the same species. It may be of interest in this connection to point out that Ptero- com?7ia pilosa Buckton, belongs also to this genus and that his Ptei-ocomma has to be dropped. In examining the type specimen of Ptc7'oco?n7na pilosa, which had been kindly loaned me by Dr. Buckton for study, I was surprised to find that the principal char- acter, the peculiar shape of the wings, on which this genus was founded, does not exist, but that it was the result of poor preparation, by which a peculiar fold along the third discoidal vein was formed, which can be readily traced by gently focusing this part of the wing. It is quite possible that his species may belong to the same species ; at least, it appears to come very near to it. Additional studies of other genera with more or less distinctly clavate nectaries have convinced me that the genus I\felciJioxantkus Buck- ton has also to be dropped and that it must be made a synonym of Cladobius. The clavate character of the nectaries in different species varies considerably, so that it frequently may happen that the clavate character of rather slender nectaries is overlooked, especially if they lay parallel with, or close to the abdomen. The general appearance, however, of these insects, their rather large size, strong pilosity of the body and its members and the minute, blunt tail, will not fail, even if the exact shape of the nectaries cannot be ascertained, to assign them to their proper position. The synonymy of this genus will therefore read : CLADOBIUS Koch. MelcnioxantJius Buckton. Pteroco?7ima Buckton. * * HOMOPTERA OF ALASKA (127) THE HOMOPTERA OF ALASKA BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD INTRODUCTION The insects of the suborder Homoptera found in Alaska, in comparison with those in the other orders taken by the Harri- man Expedition, are few in number and somewhat disappoint- ing, although they add considerably to our knowledge of the Alaska fauna. Few species of rhynchotous insects have been recorded from this territory, and our knowledge is most meager. Dr. C. Stal, in a paper entitled ' Beitrag zur Hemipteren- Fauna Siberiens und des Russischen Nord-Amerika,' pub- lished in 1858, 1 was the first to record any species from Alaska. In this contribution Dr. Stal enumerated, in all, 113 species, of which only thirteen came from Alaska, and nearly all of these were collected at Sitka. Substantially, this was all that was known of the fauna up to the date of the Harriman Expedition. Some of the Rhynchota taken by the Expedition have already been reported upon : (1) The Heteroptera, by O. Heideman ; (2) the Psyllidae, by E. A. Schwarz ; and (3) the 1 Stettin, ent. Zeitg., xix, 1858. (129) 130 ASHMEAD Aphididae, by Theo. Pergande. In studying the remaining un- worked material I have here followed my usual plan, and shall give a complete list of all the species in the suborder Homoptera now known to occur in Alaska, arranged in systematic order. In all, twenty-four species are known in this suborder, ar- ranged under five families and thirteen genera. Of the species, four have a wide distribution in Europe and North America, namely, Enacanthus acuminatus (Fabr.), Deltoccphalus abdomi- nalis (Fabr.), Cicadula seoenotata (Fallen), and C. fasciifrons (Stal), and will ultimately be found to occur in northern Asia. Cicadula Iceta (Uhler) occurs in Colorado and Labrador. SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT. Order RHYNCHOTA. Suborder Homoptera. Superfamily FULGOROIDEA Ashmead.1 Family DELPHACIDiE. Genus Delphax Fabricius. DELPHAX STEJNEGERI Ashmead. Delphax stejnegeri Ashm., Fur Seals and Fur Seal Isl., iv, 340, 1899. Type.— Cat. No. 4046, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea. Additional specimens from Metlakatla, June 4 ; Popof Island, Shumagin Islands, July S ; Farragut Bay, June 5. This species was originally described from a single female specimen taken by Dr. L. Stejneger on Bering Island. Several specimens were taken by the Harriman Expedition, among which are two brachyp- terous males that differ from the female as follows : Length 2.4 mm. The face, except the frontal and the clypeal carina:, the scutellum, except the carinae and the extreme lateral and posterior margins, the depressions on the sides of the pronotum, the mesopleura, except laterally and the sutures, the mesonotum, most of the coxae and most of the abdomen, except the first and second sutures and some- times the extreme lateral margins of dorsal segments, the extreme upper edges of the pygofers and the circular disk, surrounding the cerci, which are pale yellowish, are black ; otherwise, except in the usual sexual difference, it agrees with the female. 1 The Superfamily Cicadoidea is not yet reported from Alaska, but undoubtedly has representatives in the interior. HOMOPTERA I3I DELPHAX HEMIPTERUS Germar. Delphax hemiptera Germar, Svensk. vet. Akad. handl., 24, 1844. — Ger- mar, Mag. d. Ent., IV, 50, 1822. — StAl, Ofvers. kongl. vet. Akad. fdrh., vii, 194, 185 1. Sitka. Superfamily JASSOIDEA Van Duzee. Family BYTHOSCOPIDiE. Genus Idiocerus Lewis. IDIOCERUS STRIOLA Fieber. Idiocerus striola Fieber, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xvm, 453, 1868. — Van Duzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxi, 262, 1894. Sitka. Family CERCOPID^. Subfamily APHROPHORIN^E. Genus Aphrophora Germar. APHROPHORA CORTICEA (Germar). Cercopis corticea Germar, Mag. d. Ent., iv, 50, 1821. Aphrophora corticea Boheman, kongl. vet. Akad. handl., 24, 1847. — StAl, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., xix, 197, 1854 ; DieCicad., 64, 1868. — J. Sahlberg, Nat. Fenn., xn, 80, 1871. — Melichar, Cicad. v. Mittel. Eur., 119, 1896. Sitka. Subfamily TE TTIG ONIIN^E. Tribe Tettigoniini. Genus Euacanthus Lepeletier et Serville. EUACANTHUS ACUMINATUS (Fabricius). Cicada acuminata Fabr., Syst. Rhyng., 76, 1803. — Fallen, Hem. Suec, u, 29, 1826. — Herr.-Schaef., Nom. Ent., 67, 1835. Tettigonia acuminata Fallen, D. Ins., ill, 1 805-1 806. Euacanthus acuminatus Kirschbaum, Cicad. Wiesb. u. Frankf., 73, 1868. — Flor., Rhync. Liol., II, 152, 1861. — J. Sahlberg, Nat. Fenn., xii, ioS, 1868. — Edwards, Syn. Brit. Hemop., II, 1886. — Melichar, Cicad. Hem.-Homop. Mitkl. Europ., 179., 1896. Amblycephalus gennari Marshall, Ent. Mo. Mag., 11, 85, 1865. Fox Point, Southeast Alaska, July ; Metlakatla, July 4. Six specimens. It has also been taken at Fort Wrangell by Pro- fessor W. H. Wickham. 132 ASHMEAD Family JASSIM. Tribe Deltocephalini. Genus Deltocephalus Burmeister. DELTOCEPHALUS ABDOMINALIS (Fabricius). Cercopis bicolor Fabricius, Ent. Syst. , iv, 40, 1 794. Cercopis abdtnninalis Fabricius, Syst. Rhyn., 98, 1803. Cicada abdominalis Fallen, Hem. Suec., 11, 37, 1829. — Zetterstedt, Ins. Lappon., 290, 1840. Jassus {Deltocepliahts) abdo))iinaIis Flor., Rhync. Liol., II, 249, i860. — ■ Germar, Faun. Ins. Eur., fasc. 17, tab. 19. — Kirschbaum, Die Cicad. v. Wiesbaden u. Frankfurt, 129, 1868. DeltocepJialus abdominalis Fieber, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xix, 215, 1869. — J. Sahlberg, Nat. Fenn., xn, 328. — Edwards, Syn. Brit. Homop., 44, 148. — Melichar, Cicad. v. Mittel. Eur., 140, 1896. Popof Island, Shumagin Islands, July 7. DELTOCEPHALUS HARRIMANI sp. nov. Male. — Length to tip of elytra 3.2 mm. Pale or light mushroom brown, the mesonotum with at least three faint pale longitudinal lines, the vertex with a pale median line and a hook-shaped line on each side, the face with 7 or 8 transverse whitish lines interrupted medially ; the thorax beneath, except the sutures and margins of the sclerites, and the abdomen, except the apex of the penultimate and ultimate ventral seg- ments and the apical margins of the dorsal segments, which are pale, are smoky or blackish; the legs are pale, the front femora with a brown annulus at base, the two last joints of the hind tarsi fuscous. Elytra hyaline, the veins pale, the clavus with two oblong brown spots, and an irregular series of brown dashes or spots, extending from the middle discoidal cell forward to and enclosing the middle apical cell. Type.— Cat. No. 6S68, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Seldovia, Kenai Peninsula, July 7. Three specimens. DELTOCEPHALUS EVANSI sp. nov. Male. — Length to tip of elytra, which extend beyond tip of abdomen, 5 mm. Form of D. abdominalis (Fabr.), but slightly smaller and pale greenish, the upper surface of the head, thorax, and the elytra im- maculate, except two fuscous dashes at the middle of the angular head and a slight curved line on each side extending from the dashes toward the eyes ; f rons with 6 or 7 transverse fuscous lines, these becoming shorter and shorter, the seventh being a mere dot ; sutures of the face and lora fuscous ; thorax at sides and beneath and the abdomen black- ish ; some of the abdominal segments at apex are narrowly margined with yellowish white ; while the legs are maculate with fuscous spots. IIOMOPTERA I33 Pemale. — Length to tip of abdomen 4.5 mm., the elytra somewhat abbreviated and not extending to the tip of the abdomen. Differs in color from the male in having the apex of the abdomen, the venter, and legs pale yellowish, the hind tarsi fuscous. Kusilof, July, 1S99 (W. H. Evans). Type.— Cat. No. 6869,11. S. Nat. Mus., from Kusilof, July, 1898 (W. H. Evans). Additional specimens from Metlakatla, July 4. Tribe Cicadulini. Genus Cicadula Zetterstedt. CICADULA SEXNOTATA (Fallen). Cicada sexnotata Fallen, Acta Holm., xxn, 34, 1806. — Kongl. vet. Akad. handl., 33, 1806. — Fallen, Hem. Suec, 11, 47, 1826. Eupteryx sexnotata Curtis, Brit. Ent., xiv, 14, pi. 640, 10. Tettigonia 6-twtata Germ., Faun. Ins. Eur., fasc. 14, tab. 13. Jassus 6-notatus Burmeister, Gen. Ins., 1, no. 17, 1840. — Walker, List Homop. Brit. Mus., in, 878, 1851. — Flor., Rhync. Liol., 11, 341, 1861. — Marshall, Ent. Mo. Mag., 111,125,1867. — Thomson, Opus. Ent., I, 77. Acrosteles 6-notata Fieber, Verh. zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, xvi, 54, 1866. Limnotettix sexnotata J. Sahlberg, Nat. Fenn., xn, 247, 1879. — StAl, Stettin. ent. Zeitg., xix, 194, 1858. — Edwards, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 76, 1888. Cicada alpina Zetterstedt, Ins. Lappon., 297, 1840. Cicadula sexnotata Zetterstedt, Ins. Lappon., 297, 1840. — Scott, Ent. Mo. Mag., xi, 230, 1870. — Fieber, Revue d'Ent., iv, 47, 1885. — Wood- worth, Psyche, v, 75, 1888-90. — Provancher, Pet. Faun. Ent. Can., in, 287, 1890. — Van Duzee, Psyche, vi, 305, 1891-92. — Harrington, Ottawa Nat., vi, 32, 1892. — Southwick, Science, xix, 288, 1892. — Osborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., I, 12, 1892. — Slosson, Ent. News, v, 5, 1894. — Van Duzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxi, 307, 1894. — Meli- char, Cicad. v. Mittel-Eur., p. 309, 1896. Popof Island, Shumagin Ids., July 17; Seldovia, July 21 ; Karluk, Kadiak Island. CICADULA FASCIIFRONS (Stal). Thamnotettix fasciifrons StAl, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., xix, 192, 1858. Cicadu/a fasciifrons Fieber, Revue'd Ent., iv, 48, 57, 1885. — Van Duzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XXI, 308, 1894. Sitka; Popof Island, Shumagin Ids., July 7; Seldovia, July 21 ; Karluk, Kadiak Island. Sixteen specimens. CICADULA L^TA (Uhler). Jassus Icetus Uhler, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., 11, 360, 1876 ; id., ill, 473, 1877. Thamnotettix Icetus Van Duzee, Psyche, VI, 306, 1891-92 ; Can. Ent., xxiv, 268, 1892 ; Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XXI, 303, 1894. Popof Island, Shumagin Islands, July 7. 134 ASHMEAD CICADULA LINEATIFRONS (Stal). Thamnotettix lineatifrons Stal, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., xix, 195, 1858. — Fieber, Revue d' Ent., iv, 85, 1885. — Van Duzee, Trans. Ent. Soc, xxi, 303, 1894. Sitka ; additional specimens from Seldovia, July. CICADULA UNG^E sp. nov. Female. — Length to tip of elytra 5.1 mm. Stature and general appearance of C. Iceta (Uhler), and evidently allied. General color yellowish, the vertex and the face black ; the crown has a yellowish median line which extends forward and connects with a transverse yellowish band on the upper margin of the face, and on each side of this median line is a circular yellowish line enclosing a rounded black spot, which, however, is not entirely separated from the black along the eyes ; cheeks yellowish, with a spot beneath the eyes and an oblique line across the lora black ; thorax at sides and beneath black, the mesonotum along the anterior and posterior margins blackish, the scutellum black except the extreme margins, the prosternum marked with yellow, the mesopleura with a yellow oblique line which is connected with a yellow line along the hind margin ; legs blackish, the joints of the trochanters apically, the front and middle femora at apex and beneath, interrupted by a black spot or band, and the hind femora, except at sides basally, which are black, the black ex- tending into a narrow line, apically, are yellowish ; the hind tibia? are black beneath, with a double row of black dots behind, the joints of tarsi are black apically, with a black line beneath and above. The elytra are yellowish along the costa, the veins being margined with fuscous. Abdomen black, the dorsal segments at apex and along the sides are margined narrowly with yellow, while the terminal ventral segment, except a black spot laterally near the base and along the basal margin, is almost wholly yellow. Type. — Cat. No. 6870, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Unga Island, Shuma- gin Islands, July 2. One specimen. Subfamily TTPHL O CTBIN^. Genus Dicraneura Hardy. DICRANEURA CARNEOLA (Stal). Typh locyba carncola Stal, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., xix, 196, 1858. Dkranoneura wraw/a Woodworth, Psyche, v, 213, 1888-90. Dicraneura earmold Van Duzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxi, 311, 1894. Sitka. HOMOPTERA I35 Genus Chloroneura Walsh. CHLORONEURA PURA (Stal). Typhlocyha pura StAl, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., x, 175, 1858. Empoasca pura Woodworth, Psyche, v, 213, 1888-90. Sitka. Genus Empoasca Walsh. EMPOASCA COMMISSURALIS (Stal). Typhlocyba commissuralis Stal, Stettin, ent. Zeitg., xix, 196, 1858. Empoasca commissuralis Woodworth, Psyche, v, 214, 1888-90. — Van Duzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxi, 310, 1894. Sitka. Superfamily PSTLLOIDEA Ashmead. Family PSYLLID.E. Genus Aphalara Forster. APHALARA SCHWARZI sp. nov. Aphalara sp. Schwarz, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., II, 539, 1900. Fcjnale. — Length to tip of abdomen 2.3 mm., to tip of wings 4.2 mm. General ground color greenish-white, the crown of the head, except narrowly at the margins, the middle of the face, the thorax beneath, except narrowly along the sutures of the sclerites, the coxa?, the femora, except apically and basally, the ventral segments, except apical margins, a dot on each side of the collar, the mesonotum, ex- cept a median streak posteriorly from the transverse grooved line and extending to the scutellum, the depressions at base of metathorax just back of the scutellum, and the dorsum of the abdomen except at the sutures of the segments, dark fuscous or brown ; antennas whitish or pale, with the terminal joint black. Wings hyaline, the front wings with a rather broad transverse fuscous band at the basal third which is con- nected with a fuscous band at the base of the radial cell ; there is another fuscous band extending obliquely across the wings from the tip of the radial cell, and two tri- angular fuscous spots at the apical margin, one enclosing FlG- 6- Genita- the apex of the cubital vein, the other the lower branch sOiwarzi. or fork of the cubitus. JSIale. — Length to tip of abdomen 1.8 mm., to tip of wings 3.1 mm. Agrees well with the female, except that the head, thorax, and abdomen are darker, almost black, the apices of the abdominal segments being very narrowly whitish, the mesopleura having a whitish streak at the middle, the basal margin of the mesonotum being narrowly whitish I36 ASHMEAD and connected with two median dots just in front of the scutellum, while there are two whitish curved lines on the scutellum. Genitalia as in fig. 6. Type.— Cat. No. 6271, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Fox Point, South- eastern Alaska. Additional specimens from Popof Island, July 7 ; Belkofsky, July 29. APHALARA KINCAIDI sp. nov. Male. — Length to tip of abdomen from 1.6 to 1.8 mm., to tip of wings 2.5 to 2.6 mm. General color pale greenish-yellow; there is a large median spot on each lobe of the head above, two dots or lines on the sides of the collar with a puncture beyond near the lateral angles, two triangular spots on the anterior lobe of the mesonotum just back of the collar, four bands on the mesoscutum and the depressions of the scutellum, dark fuscous or black. The antennae, except the basal and apical joints which are black, are whitish. Wings hyaline, with some fuscous along the margin of the radial Fig. 7. Genitalia of ce\\ the cubitus and its forks, the fork of the post- Aphalara kincaidi. ' . ,, , , ' , , , . , cubitus apically, the lower fork of the cubitus and the upper fork of the postcubitus ; the latter is sometimes connected with a fuscous streak, rarely, however, very distinct. Genitalia as in fig. 7. Type. — Cat. No. 6272, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Metlakatla, June 4. Additional specimens from Popof Island, July 9 ; Fox Point, July. APHALARA ALASKENSIS sp. nov. Fernale. — Length to tip of abdomen 2.3 mm., to tip of wings 3.6 mm. Uniformly pale greenish, the tips of the antennas and the claws black, the eyes brown. Wings hyaline, with a fuscous streak along the radial vein, along the upper and lower forks of the cubitus, and at the apex of the upper fork of the post- cubitus, the latter being connected by a fuscous streak with the base of the cubital fork. Male. — Colored as in female, and hardly distinguished from it except for the sexual abdominal differences, and by the less distinct fuscous streak along the nervures, , c 1 r , 1 • 1 • ' Ha of Aphalara the upper fork of the postcubitus not being connected aiaskemis. by a fuscous streak with the base of the cubital fork. Genitalia as in fig. 8. Type.— Cat. No. 6273, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Fox Point, South- eastern Alaska, July. HOMOPTERA I 37 Genus Psylla Geoffroy. PSYLLA ALASKENSIS sp. nov. Fc?7ialc. — Length to tip of abdomen 2.8 mm., to tip of wings about 5 mm. Greenish-yellow ; last four or live joints of antennae, especially toward apex, more or less fuscous ; eyes green ; large spot on each side of collar and the depressions and sutures of scutellum and metathorax more or less fuscous ; median line on anterior lobe of mesonotum and four lines on posterior lobe whitish. Wings pale greenish-hyaline, immaculate, except a faint dusky shade toward the apices. Male. — Length to tip of abdomen 1.8 mm., to tip of wings less than 3 mm. Colored as in female, except the antennal joints 3 to 6 are tipped with black, while the wings are more distinctly dusky at apex. Fig. 9. Geni- Genitalia as in fig. 9. talia oi Psylla Type.— -Cat. No. 6274, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Popof "' Island, Shumagin Ids., July 16. Additional specimens from Fox Point, July 19; Seldovia, July 21. Superfamily APHIDOIDEA Ashmead. Family APHIDID.E. Genus Nectarophora Koch. NECTAROPHORA CAUDATA Pergande. Nectarophora caudata Pergaxde, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11, 513, $, 1900. Type. — Cat. No. 5274, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Juneau. NECTAROPHORA EPILOBII Pergande. Nectarophora epilobii Pergande, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., n, 515, 9, 1900. Type.— -Cat. No. 5276, U. S. Nat. Mus., from Popof Island, Shumagin Ids. NECTAROPHORA INSULARIS Pergande. Nectarophora insnlaris Pergande, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11, 515, 9, 1900. St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Genus Cladobius Koch. CLADOBIUS POPULENS (Kaltenbach). Aphis popidens Kaltenbach, Monogr. d. Pflanzenl., 1, 116, 1843. Cladobius popidens Pergande, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 11, 516, 1900. Superfamily COCCOIDEA Ashmead. No Coccid is yet reported from Alaska, although a species, probably an Aspidiotus, is found on willows. HETEROPTERA OF THE EX PEDITION The following paper on the Heteroptera of the Expedition, by O. Heidemann, Division of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agricul- ture, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. n, pp. 503-506, Dec. 20, 1900. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [504] ; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy's Proceedings and the original title, which was: Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, xill. En- tomological Results (7): Heteroptera. No other alterations have been made. The author desires to record the following corrections : Page 141 [503] : Tenth line from bottom, for ' Megalocrrea ' read Megaloceraa. Ninth line from bottom, for ' Megalocrrea (Trigonotylus) ' read Minis. Page 142 [504] : Second line from top, for ' Leptopterna ferrugata ' read Minis ferrugatus ; insert after ' Suec.,' /. Ninth line from top, for ' p. 1870, 1858,' read xix, p. 187, 1838, O . Twentieth line from bottom, for ' Capsus ater Linnd, Fauna Suec, p. 253, 1761,' substitute the following: Ci/ncx ater Lintie, Syst. Nat., ed. se, p. 447, n58- Fifteenth line from bottom, for ' xix ' read xxi ; for ' 1876-79 ' read 1879. Fifth line from bottom, for ' Lygus ' read Cimex. Page 143 [505] : Second line from top, for ' Lygus (Orthops) ' read Orthops. Eighth line from top, for ' Lygus ' read Cimex. Fifteenth line from top, for ' Paecilocytus ' read Lyg&us. Editor. (140) HETEROPTERA OF THE EXPEDITION BY 0. HEIDEMANN The collection of Hemiptera-Heteroptera of the Harriman Alaska Expedition, made by Prof. T. Kincaid, although small, contains ten species of the family Capsidas, two of Lygaeidae, one each of Aradidae and Nabidae, one of Gerridoe, and three of Corisidae. These species are all well known except one of the family Aradidas. It is interesting to note the wide geo- graphical distribution of some of the European and East Siberian Hemiptera, namely, from Siberia over Bering Island to Alaska and into the American Continent. Family CAPSULE. Megalocraea (Trigonotylus) ruficornis Fallen. Megalocraa {Trigonotylus) ruficornis Fallen, Hem. Suec, I, 133, no. 8, 1829. — Uhler, Hayden, Mont. Surv., p. 409, 1872. — Reuter, Rev. Caps., p. 23, 1875. Seven specimens, five males and two females, from Cook Inlet, Saldovia (July 21). Inhabits all Europe, East Siberia, United States, and Canada. Miris sp. ? A number of immature forms from Cook Inlet, but as no adult is among them the species can not be ascertained. C503] (14O I42 HEIDEMANN [5°4] Leptopterna ferrugata Fallen. Leptopterna ferrtigata Fallen, Hem. Suec, 129, 2, 1829. — Reuter, Rev. Caps., p. 14, 1875. Three females (brachypterous) and one male (macropterous), the latter not quite mature, from Kadiak (July 20). A European species, also known from Siberia. It is most closely allied to the American species Leptopterna amcena Uhler. Mecomma (Leptomerocoris) gilvipes Stal. Mecomma {Leptomerocoris) gilvipes Stal, Stett. Ent. Zeit., p. 1870, 1858. — Reuter, Ofv. Finska Vet. Soc. Forh., xxi, p. 57, 1881. Gymn. Eur., in, pp. 355, 386, 1883. Numerous specimens, males and females, from Popof Island (July 9), Karluk, Kadiak (July 20), Saldovia (July 21), Belkof sky, July 22. This species is originally described from Sitka, Alaska, and is also found in East Siberia. The female is always brachypterous. The species is distinguished from the other European form, Mecomma am- bulatis Fallen, by the more slender second joint of antennae and by the whitish colored hemelytra of the female. Professor Ph. R. Uhler records the latter species also from British America. Capsus ater Linnet Capsus ater Linne, Fauna Suec, p. 253, 1761. — Uhler's List, p. 18, 1886. A single specimen, a male, from Kukak Bay, Alaska Peninsula (July 1). Found in all Europe, Siberia, and boreal America. Irbisia (Leptomerocoris) sericans Stal. Irbisia {Leptomerocoris) sericans Stal, Stett. Ent. Zeit., xix, p. 188, 1858. — Reuter, Ofv. Finska Vet. Soc. Forh., xix, p. 57, 1876-79. Series of macropterous and brachypterous forms, from Sitka, Vir- gin Bay, Kukak Bay, Karluk, Kadiak, Fox Point, Popof Island (June, July), Belkof sky, July 2. The insect is dimorphous. Males and females of both forms. Originally described from Sitka, Alaska. Found on Bering Island, also on Copper Island and Pribilof Islands (Barrett-Hamilton). The same species has been collected by Mr. E. A. Schwarz in Oregon, near Hood River. Other species of this genus extend down the Pacific coast as far as Lower California. Lygus pabulinus Linne. Lygus pabulinus Linne, Fauna Suec, p. 253, 1761. — Uhler's List, p. 18, 1886. Five specimens, male and female, and some immature ones, from Juneau. A European insect ; occurs also in East Siberia and boreal America. [505] HETEROPTERA 143 Lygus (Orthops) scutellatus Uhler. Lygus {Orthops) scutellatus Uhler, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., II, p. 420, 1877. — Distant, Biol. Centr. Amer., Hem.-Heter., p. 274, 1884. Two specimens, females, from Fox Point (July). Described from Colorado ; found throughout the United States and Canada ; also a variety in Mexico. Lygus pratensis Linne. Lygus pratensis Linne, Syst. Nat. Ed., x, 59, 448, 1758. — Fallen, Mon. Cim., p. 83, 1867.— Uhler' s List, p. 18, 1886. Two specimens, male and female, from Saldovia and Kukak Bay (July). The latter belongs to the variety L. campestris Fallen. A most variable insect, found in all Europe, Siberia, United States, and Canada. Pcecilocytus unifasciatus Fabricius. Pcecilocytus unifasciatus Fabricius, Ent. Syst., iv, 158, 178, 1794. — Uhler, List of the Hemiptera of Colorado, p. 38, 1895. Three specimens, two females and one male, from Kukak Bay (July 1), Kadiak (July 20). Inhabits all Europe, Siberia, and boreal America. Family LYGMIDM. Nysius gronlandicus Zetterstedt. Nysius gronlandicus Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp., pp. 262, 263, 1840. — StAl, Enum., iv, p. 121, 1874. Eight specimens, four females and four males, from Saldovia (July 21). This species is described from Greenland and has also been found at Ungava Bay, Hudson Bay Territory, by L. M. Turner (National Museum collection). Scolopostethus thomsoni Reuter. Scolopostethus thomsoni Reuter, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (5), IV, p. 562, 1874. — Horvath, Rev. d'Entom., xn, p. 240, 1893. A single specimen, male, from Sitka (June 16). It is a European species and the only one recorded as occurring also in boreal America. I have seen specimens from California (Argus Mountains), and from Colorado (National Museum collection). The genus is well repre- sented also on this Continent : there have been found two other Amer- ican species, S. diffidens Horv. and 6". atlanticus Horv., and some not yet described. Family ARADID^I. Aradus sp. ? One specimen, a male, from Saldovia (July 21). There seems to be no record of any Aradus found before in Alaska. The specimen 144 HEIDEMANN [5°6] now taken by Professor Kincaid may likely be a new species. It be- longs to the Aradus bctulce group, and is most closely allied to Say's species, Aradus similis, but differs in having the margins of abdomen more parallel, the prolongation of head more elongate, and the scutellum quite differently shaped. The sides are sinuated and the basal inner part of scutellum more transversely elevated. As there is but one specimen, a satisfactory description of a new species can not be given. Family NABIM. Nabis flavo-marginatus Scholz var. sibericus Renter. Nabis flavo-inarginatus var. sibiricus Reuter, Ofv. Finska Vet. Soc. Forh. , xix, p. 6o, 1877. Three specimens, females, from Cook Inlet and Kadiak (July). The species is known from Europe, Siberia, and Greenland. Nabis flavo-marginatus Scholz is also found in Canada (St. John, New Brunswick). Family GERRID^. Gerris rufoscutellatus Latreille. Gem's rufosctitellatiis Latreille, Gen. Crust, et Ins., in, p. 134, 1807. — Uhler's List, p. 26, 1886. Two specimens from Metlakahtla (June 6). The insect is found in Europe, East Siberia, and boreal America. Family CORISIDuE. Corisa germarii Fieber. Corisa germarii Fieber, Species Generis Corisa, 11, p. 38, 1858. — Uhler's List, p. 29, 1886. Nine specimens, four males and five females, from Popof Island. Inhabits Europe, North America, Alaska. Corisa convexa Fieber. Corisa convexa Fieber, Species Generis Corisa, 11, p. 37, 1858. — Uhler's List, p. 29, 1886. Three females, from Popof Island and Berg Bay. Found also in North America and Labrador, near the coast line. Corisa prseusta Fieber. Corisa prausta Fieber, Species Generis Corisa, II, p. 28, 1858. — Uhler's List, p. 29, 1886. Five specimens, one male, the others females, from Muir Glacier (pond on the west side, June 12), Popof Island (June 20), Berg Bay (June 10), Kadiak (July), Sitka. Previously found at Sitka. ODONATA OF THE EXPEDITION (■45) The following paper on the Odonata of the Expedition, by Rolla P. Currie, Aid, Division of Insects, U. S. National Museum, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. in, pp. 217-223, July 13, 1901. It is here re- printed from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagination has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [21SJ; while the consecutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running heading of the Academy's Proceedings and the original title, which was : Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition, xxu. Entomological Results (14): The Odonata. No other alterations have been made. The author desires to record the following corrections : Page 147 [217]: Eleventh line from bottom, for ' three ' read four. Eighth line from bottom, omit 'and.' Seventh line from bottom, insert after ' (Say) ': and Anax Junius (Drury), and change ' eleven ' to twelve. Editor. (146) ODONATA OF THE EXPEDITION BY ROLLA P. CURRIE The Odonata collected by Professor Trevor Kincaid during the Harriman Expedition comprise eight species, represented by eighty-nine specimens. None of these appear to be new ; yet the collection is interesting in that it serves to extend the known range of certain forms and to add to our knowledge of the Odonata fauna of Alaska. No paper on the dragonflies of this territory has been hitherto published ; and only three species, additional to the eight collected by the Harriman Expedition, have been pre- viously reported from Alaska. These are Enallagma annex -urn (Hagen), ALschna sitchensis (Hagen) and sEschna clepsydra (Say), thus making eleven species. Family AGRIONIDyE. Subfamily AGRIONIN^E. LESTES species (?). One female belonging to some species of this genus was taken at Fox Point, July 26-2S. The species of Lestes are separated, mainly, by the characters of the male abdominal appendages, and females taken [217] (i47) I48 CURRIE [2IS] singly cannot always be determined with certainty. The following description of the specimen is given for future reference : Length 34 mm.; abdomen 26; hind wing 20.7; pterostigma 1.7. Blackish-brown. The following parts are pale yellowish, viz : under parts of head, lips, gense (except a few spots), rhinarium, tips of two basal joints of antennae, mid-dorsal thoracic carina, humeral stripe (which is wider below), sides of thorax inferiorly (except 2d lateral suture above and some spots near coxae), and venter of thorax (except middle line which is wider behind) . Abdomen yellowish, marked above with dark metallic green as follows : on segment 1 , a narrow longitudinal median line, widening behind, and divided into two large divaricate spots ; on 2, a mid-dorsal band, divided by a median line which is widened in front, the band widened and orbicular posteriorly (enclosing a pale spot on either side) and connected with the dark apical ring by a short stalk ; 3-5 similar, but the dividing line uniformly narrow, the band forming a point anteriorly and barely reaching the base ; 6 without posterior pale spots, the bands otherwise as in 3-5 ; on 7 and 8 the band is wider, not separated, not stalked behind; on 9 and 10 they narrow posteriorly; the bands on 6-10 are blackish-brown, hardly metallic. Sides of abdomen with indistinct dark markings, these principally apical. Venter dark. Tenth segment with its apical margin triangularly notched above, scarcely elevated. Anal append- ages two-thirds the length of 10, conical, pale, black on apical half. Genital valves pale, their edges dark apically and minutely denticulate ; valvular processes dark, about as long as appendages. Legs pale, the femora without, tibiae within, and the tarsi, black. Pterostigma brown. ENALLAGMA CALVERTI Morse. Enallagma calverti Morse, Psyche, VII, No. 227, p. 208, March, 1895. (Male described.) — Williamsom, Ent. News, xi, No. 5, p. 455, text fig. b, PI. ix, figs. 5, 9 and 10, May, 1900. (Female described and male ap- pendages figured.) Kukak Bay, June 29-July 5; Cook Inlet, July 21 ; Kadiak, July 20; Juneau, July 25 : thirty-three males and nineteen females. These specimens average larger than those I have seen from the United States: Length, $ 30.7 0101.-35 mm., ? 31 .5—35.6 ; abdomen $ 24-27.3, 9 24.S-27.3 ; hind wing $ 18. 7-21.8, 9 20-22.2. In the markings of head, thorax, and abdomen they agree fairly well with E. cyathigerum (Charpentier) as described by Selys1 and exhibit similar variations in the shape and extent of the dorsal abdominal markings, as follows : 1Bull. Acad. Bclg. (2), xli, p. 505, 1S76. [219] THE ODONATA I49 Males: On segment 1, basal spot usually quadrate, narrowed and more or less rounded on sides behind, its hind margin sometimes excised but usually straight or nearly so and generally with a small median triangular projection ; on segment 2, transverse posterior spot : in front, convex and more or less rounded, sometimes pointed medially ; behind^ convex, or straight, or sinuatcd and pointed ; sometimes united with apical margin by a short stalk which varies greatly in length, width and shape ; sometimes connected with an inferior lateral stripe present in some specimens ; on segments 3 to 6, spots more or less pointed anteriorly, widened and usually rounded pos- teriorly, broadly united with apical ring ; spot on segment 3 covering posterior i to i; on 4 covering \ to \ ; on 5, §• to £ ; on 6, f to |. The spot on segment 7 covers apical -| or more. Dorsum of seg- ment 10 entirely black. Other irregularly placed spots are some- times present. Females : Spot on segment 1 similar to that of the males ; on 2 quite variable in shape and size, the narrowed portion not always reaching the anterior margin, sometimes bifid ; posterior widened portion rounded or angulate laterally ; connected directly, or by a short wide stalk, with the apical ring. Spots on segments 3 to 7 similar to those on male but longer, covering apical f or more on all of them. Spot on segment 8 exceedingly variable in shape, broadly or narrowly pointed anteriorly, widened behind, connected with posterior margin directly or by a stalk, in one specimen not reaching posterior margin ; widened portion sometimes connected with a lateral spot or stripe. Spots on segments 9 and 10 covering entire dorsum, narrowing behind. The postocular spots (in both sexes) are large and in most specimens denticulate behind as in E. annexum (Hagen), the denticulations sometimes connected with the blue of rear of head. The male appen- dages agree well with those of calverti as described by Morse and fig- ured by Williamson. These variations seem to be individual rather than geographical, although the males from Juneau all have veiy long dorsal spots on the abdominal segments. This species, described from Nevada, has also been reported from Massachusetts, Maine, Wyoming and Washington. Family ^SCHNID^. Subfamily ^SCHNINJE. ^ESCHNA JUNCEA (Linn.). Libcllula juncca Linn., Syst. Nat., 1, p. 544, n. 10, 1758. sEschnajimcea Kirby, Synonymic Cat., p. 87, 1890. 150 CURRIE [220] One male from Kadiak, July 20 ; one female, Unga Island, July 17, collected by Prof. W. E. Ritter. The National Museum also contains one male and three females from Nushagak River, Alaska, collected by McKay (No. 97). This species occurs throughout the northern portions of Europe, Asia, and North America. The pterostigma is brown, paler in the female specimen. ^ESCHNA CONSTRICTA (Say). sEshna constricta Say, Journ. Ac. Phila., vin, p. n, 1839. JEschna constricta Kirby, Synonymic Cat., p. 88, 1890. — Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xx, p. 249, 1893. — Kellicott, Bull. Ohio State Univ. (4), No. 5, p. 83, March, 1899. — Williamson, 24th Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. and Natural Resources, Ind., 1889, p. 305, PI. iv, fig. 10, PI. VII, figs. 14 & 15, 1900. Two males, Kadiak, July 20, and Cook Inlet, July 21 ; two females, Kadiak, July 20. This is a common species in the United States and has also been re- corded from British Columbia, Kamchatka, and Siberia. The pterostigma in the males is black ; in the females yellowish- brown. Family LIBELLULID^E. Subfamily CORDULINiE. CORDULIA SHURTLEFFI Scudder. Cordnlia shurtleffi Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., x, p. 217, 1866. — Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), xxxi, p. 265, 1871. — Kirby, Synonymic Cat., p. 52, 1890. One female, Kukak Bay, June 29-July 5 ; one female, Fox Point, July 26. A female, labeled 'Alaska' and determined as this species, by Dr. P. P. Calvert, is in the collection of the U. S. National Mu- seum ; it was received from the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, through Professor T. C. Mendenhall, Superintendent. This species has also been reported from Nova Scotia, Great Slave Lake (Fort Resolution), New Hampshire, Maine and Pennsylvania.1 The wings are subfumose in the specimen from Fox Point. SOMATOCHLORA ALBICINCTA (Burmeister). Epophthalmia albicincta Burmeister, Handb. Ent., II, p. 847, 1839. Cordidia albicincta Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am., p. 138, 1861. Cordulia eremita Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., x, p. 215, 1866. — Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xi, p. 300, 1867. Epitheca albicincta Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), xxxi, p. 303, 1871. Somatochlora albicincta Kirby, Synonymic Cat., p. 49, 1890. *Ent. News, ix, p. 184, September, 1898. [2 2l] THE ODONATA 151 Eight males and one female, Kadiak, July 20; one female (L. J. Cole, collector), Kadiak, July 4 ; one male and two females, Kukak Bay, June 29-July 5. Length, $ 47 111111.-49 mm., 9 49-50; abdomen with appendages, * 34-36-8' 9 35~364; hind wing, $ 29.4-31.6, 9 31-32.2; ptero- stigma, #9 2.5-3.5; appendages, $ 3, 9 3.4. The wings in the males are almost clear hyaline ; in the females they vary from a clear hyaline to a distinct subfumose. Triangles on anterior wings free or crossed by one nervule ; on posterior wings, free (crossed by one ner- vule in one male and one female) ; sometimes crossed on right wing, free on left and vice versa. The luteous lateral thoracic spots are sometimes very small or entirely absent. This species was described from Labrador by Burmcister, while Scudder's eremita was from Hermit Lake, in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Kirby, in his synonymic catalogue, gives it also as occurring in Alaska. Subfamily LIBELLULINjE. LEPTETRUM QUADRIMACULATUM (Linn.) Libellula quadrimaculata Linn., Syst. Nat., I, p. 543, 175S. — Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xx, p. 258, 1893. — Kellicott, Bull. Ohio State Univ. (4), No. 5, p. ioo, March, 1899. — Williamson, 24th Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. and Natural Resources, Ind., 1899, p. 331, 1900. Leptetrum quadriniacidatum Kirby, Synonymic Cat., p. 27, 1890. Two males from Fox Point, July 26-28. This species is found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. The wings in these two specimens are not clear hyaline, where unmarked, but have a subfumose tinge. LEUCORHINIA HUDSONICA (Selys). Libellula hudsonica Selys, Revue des Odonates ou Libellules d' Europe, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege, vi, p. 53, 1850. Diplax hudsonica Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am., p. 180, 1861. Leucorhinia hudsonica Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xviii, p. 78, 1875. — Kirby, Synonymic Cat., p. 12, 1890. — Hagen, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xvii, p. 233, PI. x, figs. 13 and 18 a & b, 1890. Leucorhinia hageni Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xvn, p. 36, PI. v, figs. 2-4, 1890. Kukak Bay, June 29-July 5, two males; Virgin Bay, Prince Wil- liam Sound, June 25-26, six males and five females. These specimens agree very well with Calvert's description (Z. hageni) . The color of thoracic dorsum and sides varies in both sexes from yellow to reddish-brown, this variation being, probably, partly 152 CURRIE [22 2] due to difference in age ; the majority of the males are reddish-brown and of the females, yellow. There is considerable variation, also, in the extent of the basal spots of anterior and posterior wings ; in two of the females the triangular spot of hind wings extends to the inner angle of the triangle ; in two other specimens, also females, the first (anterior) spot of front wings does not reach the first antecubital ; in the males the first (anterior) spot of hind wings reaches not more than half way to the first antecubital, except in two specimens and in neither of these does it quite reach it. The dorsal abdominal spots are pointed behind, not always reaching the hind margin of the seg- ments. Several specimens have a small basal spot on segment 8. The venation is quite irregular; 6-8 antecubitals in front wings of males (regularly 7), 7 in females; 6-9 postcubitals. On posterior wings, 5-6 antecubitals, 6-10 postcubitals. Two or three rows of discoidal areolets on front wings. Discoidal triangles of both wings free or crossed by one vein. Internal triangles free or composed of two or three cells. This species has been recorded from Lake Winnipeg, Saskatchewan River and Fort Resolution, British America, from Massachusetts, and from Pictou, Nova Scotia. The following are notes on four species of dragon flies previously reported from Alaska but of which the Harriman Expedition collected no specimens. ENALLAGMA ANNEXUM (Hagen). Agrion annexion Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am., p. 87, 1861. Enallagma cyathigerum race annexion Selys, Bull. Acad. Belg. (2), xli, p. 506, 1876. — Wadsworth, Ent. News, in, No. 1, p. 8, January, 1892. Enallagma annexion Williamson, Ent. News, xi, No. 5, p. 454, text fig. a, PI. ix, figs. 3 and 7, May, 1900. Distribution. — Sitka, Alaska (Hagen) ; Red River and Saskat- chewan, British America; (?) Irkutsk, northern Asia; Vancouver Island ; Hermit Lake, White Mountains, New Hampshire ; Massa- chusetts (Selys) ; Manchester, Maine (Miss Wadsworth) ; Wyoming, California, and Washington (Williamson). yESCHNA SITCHENSIS Hagen. JEschna sitchensis Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am., p. 119, 1861. — Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xvin, p. 33, 1875. — KlRBY, Synonymic Cat., p. 87, 1890. — Hagen, Psyche, v, No. 170, p. 353, June, 1890. Distribution. — Described from Sitka, Alaska, and afterwards re- ported from Saskatchewan, British America. [223] THE ODONATA 153 ^ESCHNA CLEPSYDRA (Say). JEshna clepsydra Say, Journ. Ac. Phila.,vin, p. 12, 1839. JEschna clepsydra Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am., p. 122, 1861. — Kirby, Synonymic Cat., p. 89, 1890. — Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xx, p. 248, 1893. — Kellicott, Bull. Ohio State Univ. (4), No. 5, p. 84, March, 1899. — Williamson, 24th Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. and Natural Resources, Ind., 1899, p. 305, PI. VII, figs. 12 and 13, 1900. AUschna ercmita Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., x, p. 213, 1866. Distribution. — Occurs commonly throughout eastern North Amer- ica ; has also been reported from Dakota and the Saskatchewan in the Great Plains region; and from Irkutsk and the Wilui River, Siberia, and from Finland. ANAX JUNIUS (Drury). Libellula junia Drury, 111. Nat. Hist., 1, pi. 47, fig. 5 ; App. Vol. 11, 1773. sEshna junta Westwood, 111., Exot. Ent., by Drury, Westwood's Ed., p. 116, pi. 47, fig. 5, 1837. JEshna Junius Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vm, p. 10, 1839. jEschna junia Burmeister, Handb. Ent., 11, pt. II, 2d half, p. 841, 1839. — Rambur, Hist. Nat. Ins., Neur., p. 196, 1842. Anax spinifcrus Rambur, Hist. Nat. Ins., Neur., p. 186, pi. 1, fig. 14, 1842. Anax junia Selys, Revue des Odonates ou Libellules d' Europe, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege, vi, p. 328, 1850. Anax Junius Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Am., p. 118, 1861. — Hagen, Verhandl. Zool.-Bot. Gesells. in Wien, xvn, p. 33, 1867. — Brauer, Reise der Oesterr. Fregatte Novara urn die Erde, Zool. Theil II, 1 Abth., A, Neuropt., p. 62, 1868. — Calvert, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xx, p. 249, 1893. — Kellicott, Bull. Ohio State Univ. (4), No. 5, p. 77, March, 1899. — Williamson, 24th Ann. Rep. Dept. Geol. and Natural Resources, Ind., 1899, p. 306, 1900. — Holland, Ent. News, xi, No. 3, p. 382, March, 1900. Distribution. — North America, Cuba, Kamchatka, China and Hawaiian Islands. Dr. Holland, in the last citation, records one young male from the mountains between Mission and Fortymile creeks, Alaska, collected July 25, 1S99, by Rev. S. Hall Young, and one male from Eagle, Alaska, taken August 3, 1S99, by J. Murray Presnall. NEUROPTEROID INSECTS OF THE EXPEDITION ('5:) The following paper on the Neuropteroid Insects of the Expedition, by Nathan Banks, Division of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, was originally published in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, vol. II, pp. 465-476, Dec. 20, 1900. It is here reprinted from the same electrotype plates, so that it may be quoted exactly as if it were the original. The original pagina- tion has been preserved and transferred to the inner or hinge side of the page, where it is enclosed in brackets, thus [466] ; while the con- secutive pagination of the present volume has been added in the usual place. In the plates the original numbers and running headline, slightly abbreviated, have been preserved [in brackets], while the volume designation and serial plate numbers have been added in the usual place. The original text references to the plates are unchanged. The present headpiece and title have been substituted for the running head- ing of the Academy's Proceedings and the original title, which was : Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expeditio7i. x. Entomolog- ical Results (4): Neuropteroid Insects. No other alterations have been made. Editor. (156) NEUROPTEROID INSECTS OF THE EXPEDITION BY NATHAN BANKS The Neuropteroid insects collected by Professor Kincaid on the Harriman Alaska Expedition represent thirty-four species. They may be tabulated as follows : Pseudoneuroptera IJ Perlida; 9 Ephemeridce 2 Neuroptera x Hemerobiidae J Trichoptera 22 Phrvganeidse * Limnephilidas *6 Leptocerida: 3 Rhyacophilidaj 2 Total 34 34 It will thus be seen that the great majority of the species be- long to two families, Perlidae and Limnephilidae. As regards the affinities of the fauna we can deal with only the described species, twenty-five in number. These may be tabulated as follows : Known from Washington State io Known from Colorado 4 Known from Europe 2 Known from Northern United States 6 Known from British America 2 Known from Alaska only 8 [465] (157) 158 BANKS [4-66] Leaving out the species restricted to Alaska (some of which will doubtless be found on the West Coast), it will be seen that the fauna is very similar to that of the State of Washington. The Perlidce are represented chiefly by species of moderate size ; the Trichoptera are represented by many species of large size. As a whole the collection is more brightly colored than those of more temperate latitudes. PSEUDONEUROPTERA. Family PERLHXffi. Chloroperla imbecilla Say. Chloroperla imbecilla Say, LeConte Ed. Compl. Writ., 1, p. 175, 1859. Several specimens from Popof Island and Kukak Bay (July) . Pre- viously known from the Eastern States, Canada, and Washington. Chloroperla pacifica Banks. Chloroperla pacifica Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, p. 313, 1895. Several specimens from Sitka (June) and Juneau (July) . Described from Washington. Chloroperla borealis Banks. Chloroperla borealis Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, p. 313, 1895. One specimen from Sitka (June) . Described from Washington and Colorado. Chloroperla decolorata Walker. Chloroperla decolorata Walker, Brit. Mus. Cat. Neur., p. 170, 1852. Several from Popof Island and Kukak Bay (July). Previously known from British America and Canada. Isopteryx cydippe Newman. Isopteryx cydippe Newman, Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), in, p. 88, 1839. Four specimens from Sitka (June). Occurs in the northeastern States and Canada. Nemoura cinctipes Banks. Nemoura cinctipes Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, p. 21, 1897. Four specimens : Sitka and Yakutat (June) ; Popof Island (July) . Described from Washington. Nemoura sp. One specimen from Sitka (June) . It is a small species, similar to N. depressa Banks, but apparently different. [467] NEUROPTEROID INSECTS 159 Taeniopteryx sp. Two specimens from Sitka (June). A rather large species with unmarked wings, except that the costal area is darker. Leuctra sp. Two specimens from Sitka (June) ; apparently like the eastern Z. ferruginea.) but the genitalia are different. Family EPHEMERDLE. Ephemerella grandis Eaton. Ephemerella grandis Eaton, Riv. Mon. Eph., p. 128, 1886. Several examples from Popof Island (July). Described from Col- orado. Baetis sp. Two adults and a sub-imago : Popof Island (July) . It is pale brown, with yellowish legs and white seta?. NEUROPTERA. Family HEMERQBfflLE. Hemerobius pacificus Banks. Hemerobius pacificus Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, p. 24, 1897. One specimen from Virgin Bay, Prince William Sound (June). Described from Washington. TRICEOPTERA. Family PHRYGANEID^. Neuronia lapponica Hagen. Neuroglia lapponica Hagen, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., p. 852, 1864. Two specimens, from Kukak Bay (July), of a pretty ATcuro7iia which agrees well with this European species in every respect. Not before recorded from the American Continent. Family LIMNEPHILID^. Limnephilus gravidus Hagen. Limnephilus gravidas Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer., p. 257, 1861. Two specimens from Virgin Bay (June). Described from North California ; also occurs in Washington. Limnephilus ornatus Banks. LimnopJiilus ornatus Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, p. 27, 1897. l6o BANKS [468] One specimen from Popof Island (July). Known from New Hampshire and Canada. Limnephilus sitchensis Kolenati. Pis. XXVII, fig. 8 ; XXVIII, fig. 15. Limnephilus sitchensis Kolenati, Gen. e Sp. Trich., 11, p. 276, 1859. Limnophilus pacificus Banks, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, p. 207, 1898. Many specimens from Kukak Bay, Popof Island, Unga and Un- alaska (July). Described from Alaska. My L, pacijicus is from Washington. At the time of its description I had not access to Kolenati's work. Limnephilus harrimani sp. nov. Plate XXVII, figs. 1 and 2. Face yellowish, black hair on sides and yellow in middle ; vertex black, silvery near eyes, black hair above, posterior warts yellow, with black hair, ocelli rather small ; palpi yellow ; antennae with basal joint brown, beyond yellowish, faintly annulate with brown. Prothorax with rather short yellow hair ; rest of thorax black, silvery on middle, with mostly black hair, some yellowish on the sides near base of fore wings ; legs yellowish, spines black ; abdomen brown. Fore wings yellowish hyaline, largely infuscate with pale brown, sometimes broken up into faint pale spots, bases of the apical cells (except first) hyaline, apex of the thyridial area and base of the first subapical cell also hyaline , several large irregular dark brown spots in thyridial cell, area and subapicals ; costal area pale ; radius considerably bent at ptero- stigma, discal cell nearly one-third longer than its pedicel, first and fifth apicals fully their width on discal cell and thyridial area, fourth apical narrow at base. Hind wings hyaline, rather yellowish on tips, yellowish veins and gray fringe ; fourth apical cell narrow at base, third broad and with a brown dot. Length 14 mm. ; expanse 26 mm. Two specimens from Kukak Bay (July) , and Sitka (June) . Type. — Cat. no. 5259, U. S. National Museum. Limnephilus perjurus Hagen. Plate XXVIII, fig. 14. Limnephilus perjuries Hagen, Syn. Neur. N. Amer., p. 258, 1861. Two specimens from Popof Island (July). Described from Alaska. Limnephilus kincaidi sp. nov. Plate XXVII, fig. 5. Face black, with some yellow hair ; vertex black, with black hair above and some yellowish behind ; ocelli rather small ; palpi pale ; antennae with basal joints black, rest yellowish. Prothorax with yellow hair ; rest of thorax black, yellow patagia with yellow hair, yellow hair in middle ; legs bright yellowish, usually black on femora except the tips, spines black ; abdomen black. Fore wings rather dirty yellow- [469] NEUROPTEROID INSECTS l6l ish, sometimes clearer beyond the anastomosis, veins mostly yellowish brown, hair black ; radius considerably bent at the pterostigma, discal cell not much longer than its pedicel, first and fifth apical cells about their width on discal cell and thyridial area, fourth apical narrow at base ; cubitals fractured at the posterior anastomosis. Hind wings hya- line, rather yellowish at the pterostigma, veins pale, fringe black, fourth apical cell plainly narrower at base than third. Length 13 mm. ; ex- panse 25 mm. Three specimens from St. George Island, Bering Sea (July). Type. — Cat. no. 5260, U. S. National Museum. Limnephilus nebulosus Kirby. Plate XXVIII, fig. 12. Limnephihcs nebulosus Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., p. 253, 1837. Four specimens, which apparently belong to this species, from Vir- gin Bay, Prince William Sound (June), and Saldovia and Kukak Bay (July). Described from British America. Limnephilus sp. Two specimens, from Popof Island and Kukak Bay (July), repre- sent a small and probably undescribed species, but the material is not sufficient for study. Asynarchus punctatissimus (Walker). Plate XXVII, fig. 6. Hallesics punctatisshmts Walker, Brit. Mus. Cat. Neur., p. 17, 1852. Four specimens from Popof Island and Farragut Bay (July). Oc- curs in Canada and Nova Scotia. Asynarchus simplex sp. nov. Plate XXVII, fig. 3. Head black, with black hair ; palpi black ; antennas black, narrowly annulate with pale ; ocelli of moderate size. Prothorax with long yellow hair, rest of thorax black, with black hairs in front of wings and yellowish near middle ; legs pale yellowish, except the femora which are black, spines black ; abdomen dark brown. Fore wings infuscated with pale brown, darker on pterostigma and along hind margin, veins brown, some faint pale spots beyond the anastomosis, hairs and fringe nearly black ; radius considerably bent at pterostigma, the discal cell about one-third longer than its pedicel, first and fifth apical cells scarcely their width on discal cell and thyridial area, a brown dot in base of third apical, fourth as wide at base as third, the cubitals fractured at posterior anastomosis. Hind wings hyaline, with yellowish brown veins, pterostigma rather darker, fourth apical cell as wide as third at base. Length 14 mm. ; expanse 27 mm. Two specimens from St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. Type. — Cat. no. 5261, U. S. National Museum. l62 BANKS [47°] Asynarchus fumosus sp. nov. Plate XXVII, figs. 7, 9, 10. Face dark in middle, pale on sides, with yellowish hair ; vertex black, warts black, with mostly yellowish hair ; ocelli small ; palpi pale yel- lowish ; antennae brown, annulate beyond basal joints with yellowish. Prothorax with long yellow hair ; thorax black, with mostly yellowish hair ; legs yellowish, femora infuscate on bases, spines black ; abdo- men brown. Fore wings brown, shining ; veins brown ; rather yel- lowish in base of costal area ; many scattered pale dots, most numerous just below the radius ; a white mark near apex of thyridium, arculus white ; several large whitish hyaline spots as follows : an oblique one in middle of the thyridial area and cell, one each in bases of first, sec- ond, fourth and fifth apical cells, a large one in apex of third apical, and a triangular one in apex of first and second subapicals (sometimes one or several of the discal marks are wanting) ; radius is bent at pterostigma, the discal cell is twice as long as its pedicel, the first apical is rather wide at apex and extends for about its width on discal cell ; the fourth is as wide as the third at base, the fifth extends about its width on thyridial area, the cubitals are fractured at posterior anastomosis. Hind wings hyaline, slightly infuscate on apex, a white dot in base of third apical cell ; the fourth apical is broader at base than third. Length 15 mm. ; expanse 29 mm. Type. — Cat. no. 5262, U. S. National Museum. Several specimens from Berg Bay (June) ; also occurs in Washing- ton State. In one specimen the second apical sector fails to reach the margin in each hind wing. Asynarchus flavicollis sp. nov. Plate XXVIII, figs. 11 and 13. Face yellowish, with yellow hair ; vertex black, posterior warts yel- low, with yellow hair ; ocelli small ; palpi yellow ; antennae yellow- ish, faintly annulate with brown. Prothorax yellow, with yellow hairs ; rest of thorax black, the patagia and meso-scutellum pale ; ab- domen yellowish on base, brown at tip ; legs clear pale yellowish, spurs reddish, spines black. Fore wings whitish hyaline, largely marked with brown, veins mostly yellowish, brown toward tips, the white spaces of wing with white hair, the brown spaces with brown hair ; the brown marks are as follows : space between subcosta and radius, the radial sector and its fork narrowly margined, the third apical cell, the apical half of the fifth apical cell, basal half of the first subapical, all of second and third subapicals, middle of thyridial area, and all but tip of thyridial cell, and along the cubital veins ; the first apical is about its width on discal cell, fourth as wide as third at [471] NEUROPTEROID INSECTS 1 63 base, fifth about its width on thyridial area, upper branch of cubitus fractured at posterior anastomosis, radius bent at pterostigma. Hind wings whitish hyaline, more yellowish at tip, veins yellowish ; fourth apical cell is as wide as third at base. Length 18 mm. ; expanse 34 mm. Two specimens from Yakutat (June) . Type. — Cat. no. 5263, U. S. National Museum. Asynarchus alascensis sp. nov. Plate XXVIII, fig. 16. Face yellowish, with pale yellow hair ; vertex black, with pale yel- low hair ; ocelli large, looking outwards ; posterior warts yellow ; palpi pale ; antenna? yellowish on base, brownish beyond, narrowly annulate with brown, or brown throughout. Prothorax with tufts of long yellow hair ; rest of thorax black, with some yellow hair ; legs yellowish, femora more or less infuscate on bases, spines black ; ab- domen brown. Fore wings dirty yellowish-hyaline, sparingly clothed with yellow hair, black on the veins ; thyridial cell, except base, and first subapical cell, except tip, whitish, with silvery white hair ; veins mostly brown, that closing the thyridial area, a point on thyridium and the arculus white ; radius considerably bent at the pterostigma ; first apical cell fully its width on discal cell ; fifth acute at base, scarcely on thyridial area ; cubitals fractured at posterior anastomosis. Hind wings grayish hyaline, rather yellowish beyond anastomosis ; discal cell only about twice as long as broad at tip, fourth apical about as broad as third at base. Length 14.5 mm. ; expanse 29 mm. Four specimens : Berg Bay and Virgin Bay (June) ; Kukak Bay (>iy). Type. — Cat. no. 5264, U. S. National Museum. In one specimen the silvery marks are scarcely visible. Halesus (?) alascensis sp. nov. Plate XXVIII, figs. 19 and 20. Face yellow, with black hair on sides and yellowish in middle ; ver- tex brown with yellow hair, ocelli small, posterior warts yellowish, black hair behind the eye ; antennae yellowish ; palpi pale, slender. Prothorax yellow, with yellow hair, rest of thorax black, gray on mid- dle, meso- and meta-scutellum yellow, mostly yellow hair ; legs rather dirty yellowish, spines black ; abdomen brown. Fore wings yellowish in anterior half, brown on posterior half, the division marked by a silvery white line above and a black line below, a black spot at base of the fourth apical cell, pterostigma darker than the nearby regions ; veins yellowish ; costal region is very broad, apical margin of wing almost concave, membrane finely rugulose and clothed with fine hairs, 164 BANKS [472] radius much bent at pterostigma, discal cell much longer than pedicel, fourth apical narrower than third at base, the cubitals fractured at pos- terior anastomosis. Hind wings yellowish hyaline, scarcely infuscate on tips, a brown dot in base of third apical cell ; fourth apical acute at base. Length 18 mm. ; expanse 35 mm. One specimen from Yakutat (June). Type. — Cat. no. 5265, U. S. National Museum. Apatania tripunctata sp. nov. Plate XXVII, fig. 4. Head black, with white and yellowish hairs ; palpi and antennae black. Thorax black, with short white hair ; legs yellowish, femora black except the tips ; abdomen black. Wings blackish, darkest be- yond the anastomosis ; veins black, with black hair ; membrane with scattered yellowish hair, fringes black ; three hyaline white spots ; one on veinlet closing the thyridial area, one on thyridium, one at arculus ; hind wings with a white mark at base of the fifth apical cell ; in fore wing the first apical is about twice its width on discal cell fifth apical acute at base and not on thyridial area ; cubitals fractured at the pos- terior anastomosis ; discal cell one-half longer than its pedicel. Length 11 mm.; expanse 21 mm. Several specimens from Yakutat (June) . Type. — Cat. no. 5266, U. S. National Museum. Apatania sp. One specimen of a small black species from Kukak Bay (July) . Family LEPTOCERHXE. Molanna sp. Two specimens of an ordinary-looking species from Popof Island and Kadiak (July). Mystacides nigra (Linne). Phryganea nigra Linne, Syst. Nat. (12), p. 909, 1768. Several specimens from Yukatat (June). Widely distributed in Europe and the northern parts of this country. Heteroplectron sp. One specimen from Popof Island (July). Apparently different from H. californicum. Family RHYACOPHILID^. Glossosoma alascensis sp. nov. Plate XXVIII, figs. 17 and iS. Black; antennae yellowish on basal third (except basal joint) ; legs [473] NEUROPTEROID INSECTS 165 brownish yellow, spurs brown, a few pale weak spines on middle and hind tibia}, in female the middle tibia? and first two joints of tarsi broadened and flattened. Wings infuscate ; veins black ; hair mostly black, yellow in regions of pterostigma and arculus ; fringes gray ; veinlet closing thyridial area, a point on thyridium and the arculus are white ; first apical cell is acute at base, but not pedicellate ; in hind wings the fifth apical is long pedicellate. Male has a broad elongate plate on middle of base of the fifth ventral segment, and from each side at its base is a curved stout tooth, a spine on sixth and seventh segments. Length 8 mm. ; expanse 14.5 mm. Many specimens from Popof Island (July). Type. — Cat. no. 5267, U. S. National Museum. Glossosoma sp. One specimen of a black species from Popof Island (July). PLATE XL [Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., Vol. II, PI. XXVII.] Fig. i. Limnephilus harrimani, insect. 2. Limnephilus harrimani, $ genitalia. 3. Asynarchus simplex, ^genitalia. 4. Apaiauia tripunctata, wing and $ genitalia. 5. Limnephilus kincaidi, $ genitalia. 6. Asynarchus punctattsshnus, $ genitalia. 7. Asynarchus fumosus, $ genitalia. 8. Limnephilus sitchensis, 9 genitalia. 9. Asynarchus fumosus, 9 genitalia. 10. Asynarchus fumosus, insect. [474]