594.0752 | 4 Moll. © The Album of The Hirase Conchological Museum 2 Wel te oft SL hh Ye) aaa al 2 SV ID Naps, ) WONLOATIOS fy yy 2+ A ap, Pry apy £ i NEW YORK, FRIDAY, DEC. 10, 1915. Thye New York Times| A letter written in Conchology English not the less ex- at Least cellent because marked by some unfamiliar Is Peaceful. use of words and turns of expression, has asked and won our sympathetic attention for the Hirase Conchological Museum in Okasaki, Kyo- to, Japan. It is Y. Hrrase himself, the founder of this museum, who writes the letter, and in it he incloses what he calls “‘an album,’’ though it looks like a leaflet, in which he very quaintly and convincingly reveals the true man of science. He tells how he undertook, years ago, the large task of collecting, and making available for study, all the shells to be found on the coasts of Japan and neigh- boring islands. The performance of the task involved an enormous amount of hard work on the part of Mr. HiRAse and the few assistants whom he was able to train and pay, and it necessi- tated not inconsiderable sacrifices, some of which, as is usual, | fell on the pas- slonate collector’s family. His full am- bitions have not yet been achieved, but the museum now has a house of its own —a house that looks rather large and impressive as pictured on the ‘*‘ album mA —and therein are already gathered and classified 3,000 species of Japanese mol- lusks, a third of them, Mr. Hirase says, , his own discoveries. ' Conchology is not the most exciting domain of science, or the most produc- tive, but it has its value, as many wise men have recognized, and many of them have been ardent explorers of this field. Mr. Hirask, as he frankly confesses, wrote to us from motives not entirely disinterested. Like many another votary of science, he finds his investigations and achievements uncomfortably re- stricted by lack of money, and he more than intimates, though delicately, that it | would be a pleasing manifestation of amity if Americans who are amateur or professional conchologists would con- tribute toward the maintenance and ex- 'tension of his collection. | He does not ask for much. - For $2.50 a year one may become a Supporting Member of his society, $5 gets the title of Special Member, and a Life Member pays anything he pleases above $30 at once. Mr, Hirase didn’t think to inclose ‘any bank references, but he makes a noise that sounds like that of a man who is all right. aaa oe ‘oe a” aa | — ed ool MY I | Let fs / / Division of Mollusks Sectionc ] Library The Album of The Hirase Conchological Museum 7 tet OR oy ne BS oS Published by The Hirase Conchological Museum 1915 a Preface It was the twentieth year of Meiji (1857) when Mr. Hirase, president of our museum, moved with his family to Kyoto from his native province, Awaji, the largest island floating on the calm waters of the picturesque Inland Sea. Shortly after that he became a member of the Society of Natural History of Kyoto. In the course of time he was appointed manager of the society, and devoted himself to the duties of the position for many years. It was then that he became intimate with Mr. Marshall R. Gaines of America, Professor of Natural History at the Doshisha College, and acquired his first knowledge and interest in the study of conchology. It was about the same time also that he became well acquainted with Rev. John T. Gulick, an American student of land shells from the Hawaiian Is., who stimulated and deepened the president’s enthusiasm for collecting shells. It is now nearly thirty years since he first decided to take conchology as his special life study, and he has been engaged in collecting specimens ever since. His explorations have extended from Saghalien and the Kurile Is. in the north to Formosa and the Bonin Is. in the south. Filthy dust-heaps and ditches, brooks and rivers, swamps and lakes, dark valleys and deep forests, rocky hills and high mountains, fathomless seas and wide oceans, far away groups of isles and places unpleasing and difficult of access have not escaped his keen eye. The species he has thus collected number as many as 3,500, of which not less than 1.000 have been added for the first time to the list of shells of the world. The species that have been named in honor of the discoverer, such as Aivasea, ffivasiella, etc. are sixty-four. During these years he has corresponded with all noted conchologists of the world, joined the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland, the Malacological Society of London and the Agassiz Association of America; and in 1910 was recommended as a corresponding member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. He has freely offered his duplicates of Japanese species in exchange for foreign specimens; and this offer of his has been so accepted in every direction that he has collected a number of foreign species almost doubling his collection of Japanese shells. It occurred to him that it was like burying treasures under ground merely to pile up in store this valuable collection, beauties of nature, numbering over 10,000. It was also his great regret that whereas the visitor to large towns and cities in the West would meet with various kinds of museums where were shown their own fauna and natural products, and find that these were doing much toward social education, side by side with other educational institutions established for the purpose, we in Japan had only a few museum, and these exhibited ancient fine arts only; and that even the Tokyo Imperial Museum had only a small lot of natural history specimens exhibited in a corner, In the November number of his Corconlogical Magazine, 1907, he finally published his prospectus for the establishment of a conchological museum. After hard striving and diligent labour for years, he secured a site for the museum at a place just opposite and a little south of the Kyoto Zoo. It commands a fine view and is provided with easy communications. Here he successfully established with his own means a conchological museum which was limited to the exhibition of shells or whatever related to shells; and held a most successful opening ceremony on the 22nd of March, 1913. One week later he had the great honour of receiving a party of Royal Guests,— the Imperial Crown Prince and his two brothers, Prince Atsu- nomiya and Prince Takamatsunomiya. The president, employed and educated certain assistants whom he sent to different parts of the empire with the view of collecting land, marine, and fresh-water shells. It can easily be understood that no small amount of money has been spent in these collecting expeditions ; and that he has been giving away a great deal for specimens coming from collectors at different parts of the empire who have been working for his sake. The publication of his conchological magazine also has compelled him to sustain a loss of thousands of yer. Then the construction of his museum demanded a sparing life, and the expenditure of tens of thousands. Thus he can afford to spend no more. But, finding that the admission fees— 5 sez for adults and 3 sew for children, and the sales of articles made of shells or in the shape of shells are not sufficient to maintain the museum, he has been running about in all directions in search of a proper method of maintenance. Unfortunately he suffered from illness connected with the gall-bladder last June. He recovered last November, but he was attacked by the same illness last February, and has heen confined to his bed since. ‘To make the matter worse, disturb- ances breaking out in Europe, our economic circles were depressed ; and consequently he suffered no little loss in the rema nder of his means. The visitors to the museum have greatly decreased in number. Surrounded by these unfavourable circumstances, he has found it more and more difficult to maintain his museum, and yet he is determined to fight against and overcome all obstacles that he may enlarge and promote his work. He is now quite well. We have now published this album of our museum in order to introduce to the public the general views of the buildings, both interior and exterior, and also to appeal his patrons both abroad and at home to favor him kindly with their warm sympathy, and to render him any assistance in their power. The Hirase Conchological Museum. Kyoto, July toth, 1915. 7" - Jt it BA PARRA AEE SCARS RAB ICES SOM LIL AMES OSA SLY . RENT SNH @ORRS To) AR IOME TE ARTSY IETLIC RRL OP RT: Y LRA OY ee ey x EES OWE SL CHRUAS KAP AY © ¥2Y YI SY TKI ARH D MARK C5. EI Se PEO BPH SE He LAIR IC HET BL SH ASS REA & YALE AD SER IFES SC. PRIN PRE. PRK . OR. PET. HEE AT SY He LA MOS F BATE SE PERED BEAL IC bY 2 AEP REECE LPO BAAS LOA EY EF er. EZ Ys 7 OMS MBAS AHN ICBNY GWE (LR AO FA ES A LC RA «fee RA ES OR PY 2 BAGO SILY . BART Poe BB PRE Th Er OS fis LIC SUT Gt Lbs. SETAVIC AEE (OF AE OS OP aE AS AIK L . SEAL ALC Fl RE DAREN LITE Aa — AE ED PB AR ARE LC MMP IC ET BIC DS COR OBA IC LP HEH ADRENAL BRR VY) CURL PE IS AEA Oak fie Bi oS LA ORE My BIC 2) CLA LCT eH th DA AeA L HERMES LIC WRIC DRED EEA TB ICMAT SB CUPP SAMI SL RICCO AR LTA PAR FSC BRGE IC eB SRUMERE > EC BST ft aR Te OBB Ze BEE LARS © MEARE L . SEC BAL HE Es FR eS hy Feed D PISS 1 Fl LB EO RIC b L.A ALAC APO thse fille LAE 4B = HOO PEO ReSBiF LDS. OAR IC IL BA FREE PRT ea eR OFT BRS LY - FRE DSA OWNED UC IC ESE L WERE BAAR GEE LPR ASEIC SAMO TIE bY SEY ARB RR CA UCR LSM S&C . LODE ROR BON ICES SAL MD OST. ii b ALKA M LC ARE PNT EEO 25 > (BE ANS TUTE IC ARO MEE CEE S BBY SS ICEIY . RSI HDOD ASH S Hitt DAAC LERGHOMETEPRIC KIC A BAe S RIC PAC ARAE UL MET 7 He fei CL RR Ee LS. PEAR AS BSE LCR WE FATT ERIND AGL LCR O THRACE L ARSE OPE REL SEER ME fea TPA ME7E YS Be b PETE DIR D7 Rr AR HEZeBE FO TEE CHICAS Ce LEAK . AMD ATA MATHML ¢ (f i ee KB KOH MBAR » AMMAR bE L 6 ANS Sei - LCA RY D0 HY) - ALCP aD STH Me AR LA OMA HE ETOWAH FG ALE te. KE et A+ a i \o ~- AE AS UR Contents Part of the Memorandum-Book. Ditto. The Hirase Conchological Museum and Mr. Y. Hirase, President. Part of the Lower Hall, Part of the Upper Hall, General Distribution of Japanese Land Shells. Tablet of the Group of /lo/a peliomphala. Three species of Pleurotomarin. Japanese Rare Shells. e A Swarm of Svliguaria cumingii. Shell Monsters. Shell Articles; Buttons and Button-Material. A Collection of Showy Old Shells. Cameo Cutting. Application of Shell Forms to making Pictures ; Shell-Flower-Vases. Swords-Scabbards and Rack with Shell Designs. Busts of Natives of Pacific Islands, Their Necklaces, etc. Chalk and Dolls. «Kaioi”. A Helmet and Small Sword-Fittings. Shell-shaped Pottery and Porcelain. General “Abalone”, Lady “Clam”, ete, ; “Kaiawasé”’. Artists and Their Paintings. “Habutai” Silk and Sectional Shell Designs. Store-Room and Laboratory. Part of the Sales-Department. Children’s Exhibit-Room. A Sea-Bottom Model ; A Model of “Shiohigari”. Toys made of Shells or in the Shape of Shells. The Museum Garden. H K Bold AA SSE O— Bh -EMLELAARIAE © HEAR — A. Fah BO — Fh Les RA 38D — EB AAS a RA — BEC DBP) FL AS a MSH IU A PO FO SHAE FL AR ICR ¢ PAT CE D WERE ELA Pi] et A= El AS aft i > XAOPA Bey B eR oh fh 22 HA (CHA AA Hara ae > ERA © dEsiK FA D 7) ah Se pe A He 77 Be Hot LAOS IURERGRALIC 3A FRENE FLAG © FL FLARC FLRESLEBROO pa WAZ EF et Be OS WE TE HEEB 70 BL] 5 EA EE FA) Pk es MOF AS ker Hp AFAR 3 EHP AE YD MBAS O flO — ih Epi AA = ee OS ART id fal SEO — FL FREI RCFE IC EE SS A YG A BET YEA 3 PRO oe bp A te lal On the left, a short Japanese poem compsed and written by General Aritomo Yamagata on his visit to the museum. On the right, a writing of Marquis Yorinori Tokugawa. fe it Wi RR BAO KB LO M MH A it (ON A fe fe O me Se AS MM AOR SE OG aL RE OD — Th. : oo RE TRA DANO CK aera 3. Sve a dye ase ee | Part of the Memorandum-Book in commemoration of The Establishment of the Museum. AIRE RAOWRAA HO —HO Ht i HE LCA AUMGAFAYF ea VARORGAL HMM AOR RR BRO RY YASH PROM MB. 1 2 PHM ROM fl Ww aE & Hk OD — WM. THE HIRASE CONCHOLOGICAL MUSEUM AND MR. Y. HIRASE, PRESIDENT. The museum is situated next door south of the Kyoto Zoo in Okazaki Park, across the clear, calm waters of the canal that comes from Lake Biwa, the largest lake in the Empire. The buildings command very picturesque view: — from the north windows upstairs, we can see the Zoo and the Kyoto Commercial Museum below; when we look up, our eyes meet beautiful Mt. Hiei, the spire of Kurodani Temple, and the splendid red colored gates of the “Otemmon”, the principal gates of Taikyoku Temple; the south windows open to the beautiful garden attached to the museum ; the Higashi-Yama hills beyond are splen- didly covered and decorated with new green, and the Miyako Hotel and the roofs of Chionin Temple peep out of the green branches on the hill side. Zi EUR RE & PSE AB TRL — BB IR SRE LTD AE (LIL ABT DO TIC ic L. MAA OT IC AAA —O AWE RM SY B13 Air BBO Ae BeAr. WINE. Ak (LD) BOT Ah AT TALC \ LELOA ME. BA ORE. MEI OAS AWE WS. FALL BT TERR SALT: BKC \ HINO AB AME FICS Y «STV ICAR Ah 7 Ov. INES OREM CE BAHL. AN \N PART OF THE LOWER HALL. Within the hall of the museum down-stairs, Japanese speciinens are systematically exhibited according to the latest classification. Owing to limited space, over 1,000 species of native land shells and nearly 7,000 foreign are interchangeably replaced and exhibited from time to time. On the walls around are hung illustrations of living shells, designs, and maps of the distribution of shells ; on shelves are shown various articles made of shells or in the shape of shells; in the cases in the middle of the hall are exhibited specimens preserved in alcohol or formalin, transparent specimens, swarms, parasites, symbiosis, specimens illustrating protective coloration, mimicry, variation, useful and noxious species, boring shells, monsters, specimens showing stages of development, and many other exhibits valuable for reference. T be BR A] SED — HP FRE ROA SSAC IC (LAL AS EP A Me BAO PE IC EO “CSR BEAY IC MS. EERE © SHB PE HIE AE S (LPH Fil OIG HTL Se Ae VAC He 2 RAVE Ae Ze LC HAL. DBE AC (LD AE RE? 8 inl. DISS. A Pl ARR UT. BIC (A Ae tthi) . PALO Pil (LHe. OPE. BEAR. See SRE. RE. EAE BR. AGT. AE. FIL. TE. RAMEE SOK BS SAE T - PART OF THE UPPER HALL. In the hall upstairs are shown cameo cuttings, cross sections of shells, polished shells, shell-buttons, pearls, all sorts of shell-fancy-work both from abroad and at home, wooden, hard and lacquer wares, in which shells are used; rare species, monsters, and fossils both from abroad and at home; shells for the game “Kaidi’, boxes for the shells, shells of prejudice, showy specimens for ornaments, busts of natives wearing on their necks shell- necklaces, fresh water aquaria and other objects relating to shells. On the walls are framed and hung royal songs written by Emperor Meiji, paintings of shells by noted modern artists both abroad and at home, portraits of conchologists in every country and an illustration of the game “Kaioi”. The iron fences, the outside walls, the doors at the entrance, the screens, chairs, fans, tea-cups, trays, tea-cakes, and all articles of furniture, are decorated with shells or something in the shape of shells. _E & BR A] SED — Bh EBS (5 PR AOA Mees o> SL OCU AL. RAL. GL. ELSI. TR. OSM. PYAR EEO Foe Fl tn. FEHR © Blank ak ACee. Bak. OMS ak SY) AOD Aare. A. AOR. AR AMON. BMMOA. Ait T: SHAM fe. AHEM FE aE EARS 2 CAL AIHA S BAEC MORE DL. EI LA RAPE TO AK. BURA A RIE D EU fil Aeithl © L-CHAUT. BEFBIIC (1 AD AE D FPA. ASHE [il Ae BY) . SEARED SM. PP RAD BEL Y SEA i. HHT. Ms. SERE. MOAN. MESS LS CH LPMOME LENT SHAH 5 es (2 L. GENERAL DISTRIBUTION OF JAPANESE LAND SHELLS. As the Japanese empire has enlarged, it has become more and more difficult to illustrate the distribution of our land shells on such a comparatively narrow and small tablet, for there is not sufficient space for drawing large enough maps of the empire .The maps of Ou, Hokkaido, and Saghalin are here reduced; and the positions of the Bonin and the Loochoo Is. are changed. A specimen shell is placed on its own locality, and thus how our land species are distributed throughout the empire may be understood at a glance. For example, specimens of Zw/ota peliomphara and its varieties are placed on the maps of Japan Proper, Shikoku, and Kyushu; Mandarina on the Bonin Is., Dolicheulota on Formosa, and Eulota blakeana on Hokkaido, in order to show that species or subspesies of these specimens abound in those districts. A AS mE OR OS Hi — FE (48 4F D #f) RAD AHO MIE T BIC TEO. WARS FAT IC KS ( ZAR YA . eG ARMED UY LAUT. AK D YC (LSU. AL HES. BEARS AH) L. SEER. SUR OF MAC. BR HE IC HEPEO ABARAT B DAE lial \) . ACFE aA FPA Ae — BRATS & LAL SAAT. AND A. DO. FU IC Lt AH 4 x 4 OFT BO pS UAL A & <4 <4 BIA. SIC (2 = 4 <4 Bite Le. AEH IC UH 1 x OME FSasknl. On the left: — This tablet of specimens is intended to show the relation and resemblances of the four species: Lulota peliomphala Pft., L. senckenbergiana Kob., £. lukuana Sowb., and £. callizona Crosse. Dextral “uhadra, the most common in Japan, has a large number of resembling species. These numerous species can be, however, traced to four original ones; and these four are, moreover, so closely related, and bear such resemblance that when many specimens are arranged properly, the cleverest analist can not tell one from another. On the right :— Distribution of land-shells in Japan. The colored part in each map shows the locality of the species, of which a specimen or two are attached to the bottom of the map. FAS EF PAD see ze) AFB TN HAS PES 7k BS ATABMA AP (LAP D&S % Srelbile L. PET SS SLIT RABI HT 3 BShn L. PARES (LEAF VABPA.POANVA TZ E RAF TA TAME CHAE SA SAU UTC ACHE MALS LONY. IPRA S HIE S AeHED SS SL. WEPORE 4 ZEA IC HARE LCI IB ZL DNL. HAS IIE ¢ Att 6 ERE ARAD PI (aay PYERWEVVGRRUMPEYTAMAV TRAY. FNATAREL TA. YVRANTBATAKRVFAFHVVS WEE RAF IA TARA FHW E ODA EAM ALI AZY . HD AR—— > RMT - pit} Mi * & fp vi we [A BA it go L ie OF | l & |- AB 48 320 FEOF SP GE THREE SPECIES OF PLEUROTOMARIA. This genus is mostly found in the seas about the West Indies, Japan and the Molucca Is. It must have existed in great numbers in prehistoric periods, for their fossils are found abandantly in all parts of the world, and the species of fossils collected and determined up to date are over 1,100. It had been believed an extinct genus up to 1856 when a shell of a recent species was found. In 1871, a living species was found by A. Agassiz. The number of species well known to the world was five until Dr. Pilsbry found another new species among the specimens from Tosa, Japan, which our president had sent him for identification, and named it P. /drase? in honor of its discoverer. So there are now six species in all. The characteristic of this shell is a deep slit at the upper edge of the lip. The specimen on the left : — P. salmiana Rolle. The middle : — P. beyrichi Hilgendorf. The right : — P. hirasei Pils, k# R= i FSO) PB (BRA -AEAAM) LG. ARM ry ABS EL A ARB} YI MRO L LO sae 5 ILA. RPA PAE CE OR (LP. guoyana Crosse and Fischer) #8,+ 6 hv. FARE. ry XK (A. Agassiz) kh CAN O/EA ABH LILY. HR HHDSY LseErAZzTy) Th ELSE OEY LAKH O—-FI EF RAE HAC ONTRALRUCHNARARTACENY. HRCA WAd D7eK MO HBS FT. . WMoOotCH azyeaArxe rz ACHE) CZ. salmiana Rolle.) ip he Fete CP. beyrichi Hilgendorf,) A Me SHA Pez AMB) CP. Aivasei Pilsbry.) JAPANESE RARE SHELLS. (x2) A as ER A Gixoniiay) Sain @ ~ Latiaxis-deburghie Rve, | ae = ae ¥ KW LOMAALE EY —HORMART. t > Awe OMDB RAR LR IC OB GE S b FAB AT AA S Tey FARE. BRA ES. MRO EA ATT. SHELL MONSTERS. There are shell monsters as well as monster animals and plants. These monsters are various. J. scalariform:; »%. carinated; 3. acuminated; 4, sinistral; 5, dwarfs; 6. giants, etc, Upper row, left: — Pverocera /ambis whose shape and number of finger-like processes at the outer lip are abnormal, Upper row, right: — Aaliotis gigantea with two series of holes, Middle row, left: — Podinices didyma whose last whorl is abnormal, Middle row, right: — Placunanomia radiata attached to the upper valve of Pecten Jagueatus, the sculpture or radiating ribs of which are reproduced on the upper valve of the former. Lower row, from the left: — Zetiavis japonicus with a bending spire; a sinistral monster of Zibo coronatus, that is, an w/tra-dextral specimen ; a scalariform monster of Avcularia euglipta; Fusus perplexus whose canal is distorted, A FMI BMI A x ze (MOB Bie SLs 7 L. PBI MBA d Y. HME. BERT. JORMA. ZEAE He. PRBS. FLEE 2 LILY. ACME EX IA -C Ad (LORE AMOR EL IS LC. HR DIGWES ¢. Home. 45RD TAS LCT OAFLA Fi L. ERO CHE \) PED Mir BRAKE. 2 0 & OFEASBR EBT 5 OL ATAB. * % “ZERO BME. KED EAB EM. PELHOY » 2 he (TPR RIRAS LALLY THiS MWYANERF EOL RYU EIKMECS LO LC. 42x H EDV AB L Tt SHH & SHELL ARTICLES. (above) Left section, upper part, from the left:— a pin of Rafana thomasiana; broaches of Cris¢aria spatiosa ; cuff- buttons of Cypraca tigris ; buckles of Turbo marmoratus; a charm of Cypraea annulus. Under part, upper row, from the left :— broaches of Ovzla ovum; a cameo of Cypraca arabica; a charm of Cypraea moneta; carved broaches of Haliot’s gigantea; under row, from the left, knives, a fork and a spoon of Meleagrina margaritifera ; rosaries of A/eleagrina maxima. Right section, upper part, from the left :— beads of Cypraea mauritiana ; a cameo and a specimen in the original shape of shells, Middle row, from the left :— a Japanese hair pin for the back-hair made of Haviotis rufescens; broaches of Pteria macropiera ; a Japanese hair bar made of Cassts cornuta, and spoons of Pterta macroptera. Under row, from the left :— dishes of Amusium ‘aponicum, Meleagrina maxima, and Pteria macroptera, BUTTONS AND BUTTON-MATERIAL, (below) Japan has made such rapid progress in manufacturing buttons that she not only keeps out imports, but exports 1,000,000 yen worth annually, Osaka is the centre of the button trade, and other factories in different parts of the empire number more than 150, Vhe best material for the purpose is Great Top Shell, Zvochus niloticus; others of inferior quality are :— Meleagrina margaritifera, Turbo marmoratus, Turbo cornutus, Haliotis gigantea, Meleagrina maxima, Pteria macro- plera, Perna isognomum, Meleagrina martens’, and some fresh-water mussels. The picture shows specimen material, out of which buttons have been cut ; and the method of making buttons, Left section, upper part, from the left:— Perna isognomum; Turbo cornutus; Trochus obeliscus; Haliotis gigan- tea; Turbo argyrostomus. Uuder part, from the left:— Meleagrina martensi; Cristaria spatiosa, Right section, upper part, from the left :— buttons of Cypraea annulus and Argobuccinum tuberculatum in their original forms ; Astraza japonica. Middle :— the order of manufacturing buttons of Zrochus niloticus. Under :— the order of making buttons out of American and Chinese fresh-water species, Ao # in fi 4% ARICA ZARB ROME (T. MEA. ROCA. aE. Bh eG. THLE ES LL. KRY =z. Pez. z AY REY SUH. PAYA. ¥Y A ADs. BREF v ZHI UT. AMORUE lS HAGE OM ARATE L- EPEC 740A BACHE Tod. A COLLECTION OF SHOWY OLD SHELLS. (A set of ten boxes, two folders and a picture-roll) This collection has been preserved with great care as one of their treasures in a certain famous old family of Omi Province, In the boxes, are several interesting contrivances and designs such as waves, flowers, diamond shapes, etc, Each section has an elegant name which is, however, almost insignificant to foreigners, The picture-roll is a very unique book, an illustration of a sea-shore strewn with numerous, beautiful, colored shells; of which the names are respectively indicated, The writing above the roll is a folder illustrating the Bay of Futami. Brilliant colored shells are painted below, and above are written short Japanese poems on the shells below. HATE AC WL A AO Chi AA eS Ho — th) AR (LITIND BRB R ICT SY AGL AOI LC. HOD fag lc NI. (EB. SE SH ORAM AKES LIRA. WA. BHA. bYA.+OAEBA. BH. BOW. FASORRL AZALI L. HHET HL. ICA OPAL “AL SMT AEC LC. FC ARO BA gS EC — 2 AK Ze Me U . LIC RUT: BARE DL BAD [BIC ERD BE (0 fi ARAL L— 7 EM eGLA CE SBRIEY. CAMEO CUTTING. Some kinds of shells have various colored layers, For example, Cyfraea tigris has a thick pale ground, two coats, whitish and purple, under the brown, spotted, smooth outer layer, If these colored layers be well cut, the figures stand out clearly, Such cuttings make good ornaments on tables or mantles, This art of cutting was first tried in Italy in 1820, It is now popular and flourishing in Genoa, Rome, and Paris, In the neigh- bourhood of Naples, a school has been established for training in this art, In the illustration, that upon the left is Cass’s Cornuta with the figure of a Japanese singing girl playing on “{suzumi”’, The middle one:— Cyfraea figris with a cutting of “Kiyomizu” temple. The one on the right :— CyAraea “gris with “Kinkaku” temple, Ey eae, FN FOR ARES (LPRKRIS LU ROBEY MEALODY. PAE RO > (LFS IC Bk ho LO eK STD BURR CA LIC eR. IC SR. tre PCR DPA ce De. ZITA ehh L. WIC HE ABA FI FAY SS SCHISM LIL LOS Ae C BAP LO MH ST Le Ae. IRA ERE TT FAAS CRAIG C7 7. = ROE BEI RISA (LIF EY PEAT (LAI BRed Y Cab A MM Y. A fil (Ln) CAE SY RACE TS A ARIA Ae Hill oH HE. AK SEAR HI ES EECA) OR AHI PTE. APPLICATION OF SHELL FORMS TO MAKING PICTURES. (above) Vhough fancy-work of cut and polished shells is comparatively easy to make, and so is found in abandance, pictures made of shells in their original form are more difficult and hence seldom found, The picture on the tablet here exhibited was designed by a prominent artist, Gyokuzan Asahi of Kyoto, who once exhibited a carving in the late Anylo-Japanese Exposition, and received a Grand Medal, The flower petals are made of Sextus; stemens and pistils of opercula of Zid, and the rocks of Pearl Oysters, /w/sel/a, fresh-water mussels, etc, Close examination will reveal elaborate elegance of workmanship. SHELL-FLOWER-VASES. (below) Upper row, from the left, Ahtrva episcopalis, Charonia tritonis, Tercbra maculata. Middle row, from the left, hanging flower-vases of Cyméium cethiopicum, Pterocera lambis and Murex ramosus. Lower row, from the left, a flower-y ase made of two pieces of body-whorls of Zwro marmoratus, burnished until the nacreous layer appears, The smaller piece is put inside down, and the larger one is put on it, Conus textile; Nautilus pompilius with nacreous layer revealed; Zrbo marmoratus in its original form; Conus striatus and Cymbinm indicum. Bom Fl AO cgaxmeteatiom) FLED BAM te EM RAO IC AIT 2 LAO IIE. AIC (TAM Het 20H. EAA, FLA, RA. PLELAL. $Y. AEA. WR FEZ. TEMPS (LL AKAM AD Rte LORI. ADR LORIE LSE Io (as HP LAND BAKE TM LIS LD) REO MAMA. PMO Ee HOME LT:BbDz TEAR C2 tea L. i U We Ae BIS FAIRS Beth CREAR 1B ENG S WHEL BME ICHET 3 ICBO — rete See SIFY CULMA KEM BOT: SIME SARIES MOM LDL MY CLAM TOIL. MORE (LTA BWLD BBA IL LORIC b TAYE CRA LC LAE SRO BAAS. AMO (Ete TF %eiL BORD b Loe Ao A AOD #E ik EMII-C HE bY ANE. HAMEL. JOSE BR SE CHELIE y 7 yy ROMER URE. KAORI FRAO Sei WAG CRA (LS LOA MAMY KMAAHERe SLO. zr py i ry. BRAD ER Ae (Lt SLO. RROKORKA. =v +i +Y RUMI. SWORDS-SCABBARDS AND RACK WITH SHELL DESIGNS. (With the exception of the long sword, an exhibit belonging to Shonosuke Kishimoto) The scabbards are ornamented by shell-work set in, then completely covered by repeated layers of black lacquer burnished until the shells were again visible. Careful examination reveals elegant workmanship. Clam and Turban shells with their opercula,Turban shell whorls, inner valves of Tellen shells, and young clams all appear ; edges of shells buried in lacquer peep out ih the shape of circles, and upon the scabbard of the shorter sword are Solenotellina olivacea retaining their original shape and yet appearing in the form of waves. The sword-guards and rivets also are ornamented with shells or in shell-designs. The rack is an old piece of lacquer-ware ornamented with pieces of nacreous layers of shells and artistic designs. The saddle is unique, and has been preserved in Count Otani’s family as one of the treasures of the West Nongwan Temple, Its pommel and cantle are covered with a bamboo design of shells. AWAD VBR AML IIA CKO FARE Z BNA) ATI ORL ABR IS L CU S MEN SILAS AM LPH O A RAR ABEL EERO KPA LIL DL. BRILSE AMMO ATG A SLL Ube (LGR O A AHIR ITD 5 LL. ATI ORM UTM LRA SIE A HE UCB AT THE (RY AA. BM. BEECHES 2 CHAK. RRB AMIT. TUE} (LORS AR IC lk AA © HD BRE 7 Y) . RMD CA HOD GEIL SPEAR GASRIC AR BE Bh. LAI LC. RIC BES fs BMORIM AMA SIC RAD. BIE IC BAOMB ANAT: AERO BIY. BUSTS OF NATIVES OF PACIFIC ISLANDS, THEIR NECKLACES AND OTHER SHELL-ARTICLES. Upper row, rom the right, Chains of land shell, yellow Aediccena; the bust of a Samoan woman wearing necklaces of marine shell, :Ver?72; necklaces of Ova made by natives (above), and shell ornaments used by the natives of Micronesia, presented by Dr, John T, Gulick of Hawaii (below); the bust of a Tongna woman wearing a necklace of marine shell, MJarginel/a; a bag having many specimens of Aycu/aria knitted in by New Guinean natives. Middle row, the two axe-shaped bars are contrivances used by New Guinean natives to ward off arrows; between the bars, is a necklace of O/va and a chest-ornament made of round pieces of a Giant Clam by natives of the Solomon Is, Lower row, from the right, necklaces of land shell, Parts/a; a fishing string and a hook, the latter made of Meleagrina maxima, used by Australian natives; a kind of chisel made of a piece of a Giant Clam, thought to have been made in the stone age, (These busts were made by Mr, Seisuke Inouye, a noted doll-maker of Fukuoka, according to the designs of the late Prof. Shogoro Tsuboi) MF AADE HAR C BU a FE IS A A AC PTE LAD MOR LB PSE IE AED BRI LYM ABR RH LM ROBE LED I UC. RD CALPE 7 = EMOTE OT Ate PHF OR MAIC HUTA ERM YY =< Fe THD SBIR. Ae (LE FF 7 MOMMAHEOTI A) vy WA FOR. HAIN 2if=2-4F Fr RbAMsAyerY RIC CH ee US. PARI HAT T: B L AEERMOT ML Pie 4 LAMA OM M.S Fay ¥ 2) or RR RO ive ty r+LAOAM. BMKHiNSs t=2-¥* F PELADRARVUAUARA. AHPHBENOAS HLAPP HORDE. Yee yah BARRO OR. 97 7 Y BLAM A DMM. FEB r 7 7 eS CHES SA ati TL Y) CHALK AND DOLLS. Chalk was formerly called clam-powder in Japan, for it was made from ashes of clam or other shells. It is nowadays mostly made from ashes of oyster shells, Formerly it was used as medicine and as paint for painting pictures or the faces of dolls. Yasé and Uji, near Kyoto, are well known places famous for chalk-making. Four bottles on the right contain chalk ; two doll-heads in front of the bottles are specimens, to which chalk has been applied. To the left of the bottle are a set of dolls called “Marubina”, that is, round dolls, and specimens of “Gosho- Ningyo,”—dolls once used in royal families in Japan, To the left of these are “Fukusuke and Otafuku”,—dolls representing a peaceful, happy couple in olden Japan, On the extreme left, boy-dolls are playing the “Butterfly-Dance”, and behind them a No-dancer doll is play- ing “Hagoromo” or a fairy-dance, one of the most famous of No-dance plays, These dolls all well illustrate the use of chalk in painting, Ww ¢ A SURE LTCRBE SEL. AYREIE (WO FRAKES CR LTS LOS ILE CAMO BALES CRED. BURR CEASA 8 HLoR (LCE BUSAE IC FAO i. BABIES “CSR ASE IS CRE tb BS. OID -CATHHIC HB POA OHK (LHF. ERTS DS (LAR TL ZAMOAMBOW (PME). HA LtA—HOME FRITS SLO MB TES MOR. BIH BATE OD HEA (LD ITE. iW. 5 Bh. FE. ABE O BE. Te OEE DO AABEA TEES UC. we FL A EAI OL CHIE SL DIYT ; “RATOI’, a game of matching the two halves of pictured shells, a pair of boxes called “Kaioke”, and some specimens of shells used in the game, This game was popular among higher class ladies in olden times in Japan, The pair of boxes called “Kaioke”, shell boxes, contained, one the right half, the other the left half, of 260 clam shells. Jretrix mere/rix, as big as a man’s fist, of which some specimens are shown, The number of shells was that of the days in a year, Each clam shell had a different picture on the inside; but that on the inside of the two valves that make up one clam was the same. When the game began, the one in charge of the boxes took her place between them, and opened the box that contained the left halves ; according to the 12 months of the year, she took out 12 valves, and arranged them inside down in a circle in the middle of the room, Then 19 valves were arranged inside down to make the second circle outside the first, next a third circle was made of 26, a 4th of 39, a 5th of 40, a 6th of 47, and so on until a 9th was made of 68, the last three—7th, 8th and 9th— having each 7 valves more than the next inner one, These nine circles showed the ancient Japanese astronomers’ belief that the heaven consisted of 9 layers piled up one over another. When the arrangement of the 360 left halves was finished, ‘the players sat around, Then the box-keeper, opening the other box that contained the right halves, took one out and put it inside down in the centre of the circles, Now each player tried by turn to find the valve to match the one that had just been brought in, The pictures were of no advantage to the players, for all the valves were placed inside down, and the pictures could not be seen, They could, therefore, judge only by the shape, coloring, or markings on the valves, as to which one would match that in the centre. When a player succeeded in matching the two valves, she placed them in front of her knees; and another right valve was brought in to be matched ; lf she failed, she must wait her turn to try again. The one gaining the most entire clams won the game. They were much ashamed of picking up a wrong one to match the valve in the centre, They were very cautious in speech and behaviour ; very modest to one another. During the game they unconsciously mastered good manners and behaviour, and consequently this game was regarded as a moral and socializing sport. It is said that up to the time of the restoration in Japan, these boxes and clams were considered essential articles that the bride of higher class had to take with her to her husband’s home. This picture of “Kaidi” was painted by a noted artist, Seiichi Asahi. The boxes are octagonal, and lacquered with gold designs ; the height is one foot and 3 inches, and the diameter one foot and 2 inches; tied and decorated with red silk braids. The 15 valves exhibited outside down in front of the boxes are specimens once used in the game, — 3inches long and 2 inches and a half high. The inside is pasted with paper, and gold dust is varnished on. FURS RED FEA BERR fl ELE (Lr mB ee Ad IRIS FT (Lt LA ARE O HELIS LC. SEO — AED IC RY C-BKOMBSA ATAAIRY . CAA BEA IC 5 CH DO AARC HAM. EMER EFT LAS FATS LOR RAOAAMHT: 6 AAAS. bos AIRY FOMORH A WU LC ZA ED tp He CBRE IC Rt. I-A SC AE A IE Pe. PRIS ee AC AAS EN. ASIC eed ~. POF ($ SAA. HN (LP. Fe POE EA et EPO. AS fl AAS PUB IC AS. CED RAC ase Li ¢ ROME S TALL. HMA TT BA (LILAC ERE LM LO EAS BAe OAM LAL Yee ARH LZ AeMLICART BAe G. SA AMMAR Hb URE. IRM OIE Lk CLARE EDL BL OA LIC. Adie Freh L THAAD MRA RY CH. AL HATH ZAEHOMES | CHAIR AA LGC SACS ZSARMMAICIET. CCAAATHAA EY BOLL IC SY) CMA T. PHAM O IME A TO. BRM At SRT ANE CB eMLRE CL. MED AB MEER AM Ae BE to LARIAT. HERLO PALI A 5 TT BRIBE CPA LL. EO CEN. RIROK S70 Y . MERRIER. (1 A fifi biti Le RAMA PO—icimM~ LEB. ey WO CAG O fal (Le HE AR FT ~ BATES L CHENG — ROE. Aafia (L USHA EAE A $078 BAIS LC. 3 - RSW. B— RoI. KAO Hew prekened oe SITPRO TI LC. 22 SY. HI LTRPAAMIC MARY ZI PAR) AA—BORR I It WT tI] — DA TY). A HELMET WITH CLAM-SHAPED ORNAMENTS AND SMALL SWORD-FITTINGS ORNAMENTED WITH DESIGNS OF SHELS. (Exhibited by Mr. S. Kishimoto.) The helmet is ornamented with two wooden clams lacquered black. The small sword-fittings and sword-guards also have pieces of clam-shell or designs in the shape of shells. WT WEF SR Be OX is TE RE TS sae, CRARIEZ DEG HH) GED BRIS (LAEATIC BERD ALINE Jy AAA. TURD ELA ISMIS bE a Ae ATT SHELL-SHAPED POTTERY AND PORCELAIN. Upper row, from the left :— a water color porcelain flower-vase with designs of shells in relief (ex- hibited by Mr. Yohei Seif); a clam-shaped pottery dish with lid (exhibited by Mr. Tozan Ito); a pottery flower- vase made in the shape of Cymébiumn wthiopicum (exhibited by Mr. Seizan Kawamura). lower row, from the left:— pieces of pottery made in the shape of /ippopus, Pecten yessoensis, and Haliotis; 12 shell-shaped buttons for suspending pouches; pieces of pottery made in the shape of /a/iotis, Turbo, and Meretrix. FORA RE FA OP th Ae EBM CAE SY ok Pa LAG ESR CVSS Ie Hh) WE EPA OR BE ty COP ORBLE HA) 7 7 ey TERE EHR Cinpey 25 11 EG HB th) PER PRR BE UIE RAE Se. Fey 9B. LA. ARMOR. ARO. MET. BATE O pA ee HUMOUROUS PICTURE ROLLS OF GENERAL “ABALONE”, LADY “CLAM”, ETC., REPRESENTING TURBAN SHELLS, ABALONES, AND CLAMS, (above) Nothing is known with regard to the artist or when they were painted. There is evident proficient both in painting and in composition. Humour is apparent in such personages as Turban “Saburo”, Razor Shell “Mataichi”, etc. The dialogue is very old fashioned. The men have each an abalone or a turban shell on his back, and the ladies wear clam shells. PICTURE-ROLLS OF “KAIAWASE”, A GAME OF COMPARING SHELLS. (below) (from the “Talks of Chunagon Tsutsumi”) “Kaiawase” and ‘“Kaioi” are often regarded as almost the same sport, but in reality they are quite distinct. “Kaiawase” is a game of comparing and judging the superiority of shells which have been brought in by the players. As to details, one should study ‘Talks of Chunagon Tsutsumi”. Briefly speaking, this game was begun by two players, who produced their shells and put them in fornt of the umpire. The latter closely examined the specimens, and judged by the shape, coloring and poems written inside, which was superior. Then these two were followed by two others to be judged in the same way, and so on. (This book was written in 925 A. D, It is said to contain the first Japanese stories, and is attributed to Kanesuké Fujiwara, who lived on the banks of the Kamo River; hence its title “Talks of Chunagon Tsutsumi”, “Tsutsumi” meaning “banks”. It consists of 10 volumes; no. 6 treats of “Kaiawase’’.) ee DT FPS Ae 8 = Ck) TE SAPARIRIC ARETE Bob. TR CSESRIC TS PPK eit OURO =. EG OR—FOHAIADY) CHE LRA ALTE Y - ne? 4 YD sewawme Ick 4. flH—KI) (CF) At Ae LALOR eee TiS < WPEOWRIC LC. RAMSAR EOE Di 4 AAA CHE L. ZreTA L. FI 6) CHERHP. FefM (LEE A a IC RO. CAPE O RE (TUITE F ICEBAR EB AE Ut. TnrBiwd ir) ‘SED ae? (Ih) AICTE. BS He RAAT ROBIE LC. RAR RO AIRE Be 5 tr. FREED S7LY TB. ARAL APOE FICE LAU CEP IAS CRC SHY. LEPC OES AHKILENS “AA” Tey. ‘ Le —— t OR le ee haere Ny oct Seconds, cal a iA 7 Ly ON le * + es ARTISTS AND THEIR PAINTINGS. The most prominent artists in Kyoto have given Mr. Hirase their warm sympathy in his sincere endeavours, and have presentedihim with various fine pictures of shells painted by themselves. These have been framed, and hang on the walls of the upper hall. The artists are as follows : — Keinen Imao, Gyokusen Mochizuki, Shonen Suzuki, Takeshiro Kanokogi, Shunkyo Yamamoto, Kwak6 Tsuji, Kwaigen Ito, Okoku Kijima, and Henry Bowie (an American). The picture of “Daruma”, an old Buddhist priest, on the right, was painted by Mr. Shonen Suzuki, who was so kind as to send it to the president to console him when he was confined to his sick bed. Close examination will reveal that the features are formed of various species of shells. Of the others, one (above) is Mr. Mochizuki’s and the other Mr. Imao’s work. FEMA OAH IL B AGHA (LAA GEO Pte fad ee L. Be OEY C2 AIRS FN * Za SZ LCHEMORM EIU: YU. UEPTIS (LE. AER. SOR EMERO AMA CS 2b JESS 2 ET AGERE. WARES. ARES. PRE. AB. RAGE RAD Ab bY. CALL ACR ME RIA ws IC OREO LSC HE FT ZAR LAABO MT Y- Blew ~ NS QU 4. aap niall HS Seeger l eS net Oh) “HABUTAI” (SILK CLOTH) WITH SHELL-DESIGNS, PRESENTED BY MARQUIS Y. TOKUGAWA, AND SECTIONAL SHELL DESIGNS BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE MUSEUM. The specimens on the left show the external beauty of shells, and those on the right wonderful, strange views of the inside. The outside beauty consists of shapes, markings, brilliant coloration, and carving, while the wonders of the inside are found in elaborate combinations of various sections of shells — longitudinal, inclined, and cross. When we think of the fact that the outside beauties and inside wonders are closely connected with each other in making designs, we can understand that these figures are the best models for Japanese artists and technologists. Upper row of designs, on the left:— Combinations of longitudinal sections of /%s2s; on the right, those of Cypraea. Under row, both are of longitudinal sections of Zzrdo. ARRAS (MOTH. NM hI) RO “FU ia fal 32" D— BE (IO Ca. ABS — BI) ELA BAMO RMT L. ALAMO ALA LITT. PHO IMR. WOH. IO. FEE. BERLICELC HO A LA SO WT CL BT LV CARMONA EO barf (LS ROG AR ET 2 ABIL vA CMT BRO BB: BIIEG 2. AAD LELAC(L RAW EB. ATL ELMERT. FEE (Ae ATE KC HE HETIL Y STORE-ROOM AND LABORATORY. Ce te sees PART OF THE SALES-DEPARTMENT. me A Se \\ NA Sy 2 Be ee CHILDREN’S EXHIBIT-ROOM. It is the president’s great regret that no city or town in Japan is provided with any suitable place, both interesting and instructive, for the pastime of young people. | He therefore opened a children’s room as the first step in his plan of establishing a children’s museum. There are to be exhibited all sorts of dolls and toys, representing the manners and customs of every country, special products, landscape post-cards and various models. The models of the sea-bottom, and of the shell-gathering at low-tide, on the next page, illustrate the nature of his purpose. yy te Te APE [LIRIID APS AC MAE BAD Te BEI AD Aathe L. Te AND ats ICE IS OE eR. UA CREO fin Sank ARE L. RIE LCR IC este tt Lt TA ORBDY.REONAIMAAMO ARATE AUS BEY). JARS ESE. RO RAYE IS LCR AAD BERR BOM Ry PPP (tI CB. A SEA-BOTTOM MODEL. (above) Nothing convenient and suitable for cultivating marine shells is found in the city of Kydéto, for it is more than 30 miles to the nearest sea-shore. So the museum cultivates merely certain fresh-water species. Our president, regretting this, intends to make some models of the sea-bottom similar to that in the illustration to make up for this lack, and also to bring the world under water to the light. A MODEL OF “SHIOHIGARI”, SHELL-GATHERING AT LOW TIDE. (below) In olden times in Japan, in April, in the time of the spring-tide, people went on excursions to the sea-shore, where dry-beds were to be found at the ebb-tide. While the waters flowed far away, they had a good time, catching fish, or shell-fish, | This was called “Shiohigari”, that is, shell-gathering at low tide, an old custom still observed by some near the sea-shore, The model here exhibited shows what a good time these young boys and girls had in the shade of the green pines on the beach, gathering drifted shells on the white sand, Such scenes are often to be met with at Sumiyoshi, Maiko, and Enoshima, a rn Wes OBE & PCT AE CT: DAB IC YC (LUPE AM refi] ES ZO AAT ce SF BAVA TIL AIA ae co Y Tt PE DNCPRARBED Sire fin FEE AOA. HEI IRS AHR a8) IZ BUD PEE Ae BEE LC HEE © HARBOR Bi C276 LAA LOAM T. RHI HAY. wor Me mW FRB C (LiF S VAS AMO. GRFC. FBI AC. ENVIRO. RUE EDR DY. Zeb TIFT B 3 AML ROK. AO bie e AA A ZORI LC. (EH. SEF. LBS EX LS PRIS). TOYS MADE OF SHELLS OR IN THE SHAPE OF SHELLS. Rw Rd RB FLAIR. FURATE. AERA FUER. BEL. RPA. SUH. 7 7. AAO WAS. FLIIE. THE MUSEUM GARDEN. Our present museum buildings are not large enough to exhibit the whole of our large collection, of which only one-third is now shown, Finding it necessary to have an additional building in the future, we have kept a space unoccupied at the back of the museum for the site of such a building, At present flower- beds and artificial hills occupy this site. iA Fal AGE MILO ATA LA SRI LC ERA eA CK STO-—KMS THI. DCE 4 I — RAST BF ZOMEDY. MIC AMO RHI LS DOANE LC. HES CUTIE, TERT. UA CHLA OR Biretole 1 ty. 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