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COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT

ALL ABOUT
AIREDALES

by
R. M. PALMER

EIGHTH EDITION

THIS BOOK
Can Be Purchased From bases
R. M. PALMER, 8447 RENTON AVE., SEATTLE, WASHINGTON...

PRESS NOTICES

‘All About Airedales, * * * an interesting and valuable
addition to the library of breeders and owners of this fancy. * * *
Gives useful information for all terrier breeders.’’—American Kennel :
Club Gazette, New York.

“Brim full of valuable information for every Airedale fancier.
The American text book for this breed. _The largest and best book
published on the Airedale.’—Field and Fancy, New York.

“Every person who owns an Airedale should read this book. Mr,
Palmer, the author, is the man who first pumped the ‘air’ into the
Airedale.’’—United Kennel Club, Chicago.

“This book certainly tells everything about Airedales, * * #*
Every Airedale fancier should havea copy of it.The Dog Fancier,
Battle Creek, Michigan.

“We are indebted to Mr. Palmer for a copy of his book, ‘All
About Airedales.’ We thought we had followed the Airedale game
pretty closely since they first came over in 1881, but this book just
goes to show what a specialist, and one imbued’ with the real in-
stincts of a breed, may do if he has the energy. Mr. Palmer has
the necessary dynamic force and what he has collected in this
volume is a caution to snakes, as they would say where the Airedale
comes from. Mr. Palmer starts him out of the obscurity of the
unknown and a rabble of breeds, and does not let go of him until he -
has told everything the dog ever did, is entitled to do, or its possi-
bilities. We didn’t think there was scope for another Airedale book,
but with true Western broadness, Mr. Palmer saw further and has
knocked together such a fund of information about the breed and
how to rear it and show it and train it and hunt it or keep it at home,
as we never dreamed possible. Besides, the information about care
and so on is just as applicable to other breeds of like nature. Mr.
Palmer is an old setter man and we rather think we had the pleasure
of first talking over the breed of Airedales with him when he called
on us at Boston years ago, before he owned an Airedale. What a
change since then! At that time we don’t suppose there was an
Airedale west of Chicago, now look at them—scattered over the
widest country, hunting big game, as we always maintained they
should. But get this book—we fooled away an afternoon over the
blamed thing.’—H. w. Lacy, in American Stockkeeper, 30 Broad
Street, Boston, Massachusetts.

“Read it from cover to cover before putting it down. * * * Jf
wondered as I read it, how anyone could give the public so much
valuable information for so little money. If I could not get another
book, it would be priceless to me. I’m glad you wrote it.’’—H. T.
Treacy (Zanoni Kennels), Crestwood, New York.

Price, cloth binding, $1.60; paper cover, $1.10 (post-paid).

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MR. R. M. PAL

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

A Book of General Information Valuable to Dog
Lovers and Owners, Breeders and Fanciers,
Illustrated from Selected Photographs of
Noted Dogs and Rare Scenes— The
Airedale Terrier Reviewed

By
Rr’Me PALMER, A. B.

(AMHERST COLLEGE, ’87)

|
: Dedicated to

TAIL lovers and unselfish fanciers of the Airedale, whose
interest in the breed may prove to be such as to endow its
permanency with the best continual development possible to
attain, which will for all time maintain the TAiredale in its
premier position as the BEST DOG ON EARTH.

CoPpyRIGHT, 1911-1913-1916-1919

By R. M. PALMER, MANAGER

3-A PUBLISHING COMPANY
Seattle, Washington

First Edition + = 2 June, 1911
Second Edition J os January, 1912
Third Edition 2 . January, 1913
Fourth Edition

“ January, 1914
Fifth Edition L October, 1915

Sixth Edition — - October, 1916
Seventh Edition _ : October, 1918

Eighth Edition _ L . October, 1919

PUBLISHED By
R. M. PALMER

SEATTLE, WASH.

SSNS

Barkerend Rival

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~ TOPICAL LIST OF CONTENTS.
x

YW CHAPTER I. PAGE 9

ORIGIN AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIREDALE TERRIER—
Early History. A Sporting Dog. When the Breed W'as First Recognized. Traits
of Character. Guardianship. Widespread Popularity. Their Use in Alaska.
The work of Mr. Paul Rainey’s Airedales in British East Africa. Acute
Hearing. Airedales in America. Three Airedales and a Cougar.

CHAPTER II. PAGE 27

PHYSIQUE AND STANDARD TYPE OF THE AIREDALE TERRIER—Impressive
Individuality. The Size Question. Weight Discussed Importance of Quality.
Count Henry De Bylandt’s Standard of Points.

CHAPTER III. PAGE 37
THE KENNEL; HOW TO ARRANGE IT—The Chain and Its Proper Use. Treat-
ment for Poison. Safety in Care and Location of Kennel. The Sanitary
Kennel, How Planned. Fencing Yards. No Bedding Needed. Cleanliness.
How to Kennel Quarrelsome Dogs. Dog Collars, the Best Kind.

- CHAPTER IV. PAGE 43

FEEDING—Diet. When to Feed. What to Feed. What to Avoid. <A Suitable
Kennel Food. No Cooking Needed. Quantity to Feed. Approximate Cost.
How to Feed a Kennel of Dogs.

CHAPTER V. PAGE 51
BREEDING—History Shows Its Steady Progress. A Pleasant Recreation and
Unselfish Hobby. Perpetuating Averages. Type a Constant Study. The
Sire, How Cared For. The Dam. The Principle Governing the Best Matings.
When to Mate. Care at Whelping Time. Proper Diet for the Brood Matron.
CHAPTER VI. PAGE 61
PUPPIES; THIER CARE; HOW TO FEED AND RAISE THEM SUCCESSFULLY
—Color and Coats. How to Handle and Care For. Docking Tails, When and
How to Do It. Vermifuge, When Given. Weaning and Feeding Puppies.
Diet for Puppies. Bone Growth and Proper Nournishment to Avoid Rickets.
How to Crate for Shipment. Ears, Their Care During Growth.
CHAPTER VII. PAGE 77
HEALTHY ATREDALFS—-How Kept. House and Yard Breaking. First Lessons.
Punishment, How Administered. Fights, How Separated. Photographing
Airedales, Some Helpful Suggestions.

‘ CHAPTER VIII. PAGE 95
DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT—How to Give a Dog Medicine. Intestina}
Parasites, How Removed. The Round and Tape Worm. Remedies. Rickets,
Cause of and Cure. Mange, How Treated. Inflamed Eyes, What to Use.
Cankered Ears; Sore Ears, How Healed. Wounds and Injuries. Salmon
Poisoning. Fleas, How Rid Of. Distemper, How Successfully Treated. Dew
Claws, How Removed. Table of Doses Commonly Used Medicines.
’ CHAPTER IX. PAGE 111
SHOWING AIREDALES—Value of Shows. First Appearance of the Breed at
Shows. Registering, Conditioning and Trimming, What to Do. Helpful Sug-
gestions About Showing and Handling. List of Champion Airedales.
CHAPTER X. PAGE 123
AIREDALES VS. HOUNDS—Relative Merits. The Hound’s Limitations and
Handicaps. Substitutes for the Airedale Tried. The Airedale as a Trailer,
Discussed by Experienced Big-Game Hunters,
CHAPTER XI. PAGE 133
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT FOR SPORT—Importance of Obedience. De-
pendable Retrievers. Vermin Killing and Big-Game Hunting. Cleverness and
Courage. Pulling Porcupine Quills. How to Pack a Hunting Dog.
CHAPTER XII... PAGE.143

AfFREDALES IN CANADA.
AIREDALE ANECDOTES

Most interesting, and a classic poem. Advertising.

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS

Cover—Frontispiece—Barkerend Rival Page
MM aVeR eb yl ehol Cia AeS Ae ORE IE cic CiGl Oe PENCIL OI OAD DOOD. OO O00 CWI OC 2
ISf hale alelsehicul WA oem acon cdo dor docoecddoedadandooaécd 4
Walkke=D) Cll) ELI 2 naieles loys oof csle, otoueiols (ai eueteapayretalotate = terelict Ache testers wictenateseie 8
Otterhounds ..... REE AE NE Pate reltereie SEO ON POL a eter aloo. = 10
A Trustworthy Guardian ..... Seb qattade vadheUanekelia Rapelicliottere\ce top cites ltatayis tenredoate Wee IA
Mr. Paul Rainey’s Pack of Hunting aes in British East Africa 14
Wior kine; Aimed ale siyen, + ci cterstcrs sue ststelallenell an sienevotetoneVabaysiael teltateke te Pact, Lh
Champion Kine wNoObblerSs DOU DIG sterectetcradatatavoreleteletst-taials font etatetere 18
Peterson’s Leader ‘“Lake-Dell Whiskers” .......m.........+6- 26
Head Study—Bilmer Ruler .............0...00-> RAE epee he eee 28
Champion esirch Clitte tO Oras: siete ieirehsysderatueheneneteaceetenet ie teliolerae sno aves silt
Champroni se Olam EAS Py alohe sotsteters ane leteleretn tet ae ieleclolalenaiaitatetsloheltele 33
(CHnenanonora, Chnonkiroha, (Clothe eae poe ooe cane Oomn On oe dso Roo DeAe 36
Plain HOT ROMMEL OSriacie Secs aie este tricis shone shatttens res alebene iatelonsawelraieealete ie 38
The Author and Some: Mennell Havoritesiic cite sisls's(slelsteistenselelialey =n 41
The hype elit MerOGUWCES! AWWHIMMICES! sictenetatclals ole slelielelsiclsielerehelanemcnatene 42
Champion daaker Dell oD aimSell ierercrthsaatene) siexctere tel shaeicheyenstetelauatcneneitelsins 43
Retrievine) Ducksmywith an’ VAired allen sia.. = ctsn-tsqeretols alejeteheleyoneier siete 49
Champion Master Briar ...... Sashohakoua eats veto iederedevotere hafelinictonenstek oes 50
Champion Red Raven’s Head ..:.:2......- BO Mite eon bi
Little Girlvand s5-montuis-Ol1d) PUpp yz ae aciecicwwie clelouct skeheteneiokeleleteleiahs 61
BettyeMianvel band eeler (Charees i a.peusppueletateleisisistovsienere ster ellskere tates 63
Wihate brick Dida tora rench! /b Uildy aor strmtreieieneie rst sters tetareiite af seine Oh
Sone Chi mSwmevenersccsc toils 'o.lcceheas lon eavchebene one cuslateterexerepel ote nichctstets toteschatonete 70
AVGAULATO SLOPE OULETY, 4.55 clatate cfealetchere ssveueieifelclotalePeue sitoteretel cnctele ke teheienerens 72
IPE mavee {yyiile, Jeblsy J2EWl Sa anpansbopadcooGbooG GENS sueheotevenetens a teetere eats
ASPUDDYSTAaArs Ab LEAansitione Stace west iot-ieveielecls serstatodelsioioialstoters 15
Sit Up—Lake Dell Rags Asking for Her Just Reward ........ 78
The vAUredales a Ss pOLtSMands IV OLT eos ta fenaenafebennotcvetolevelekeycearsterel alsieie 79
Minedale: Retrie viilne sQulaily er acycverscn vuntey shel etskelohere tale alereunycioteiorehslcue ets Ok
Airedales Like Water (Lake Dell Rags playing) ............ 83
Big-Game Huntine “Camp in Montana ec. <is,01- sicistelene = eicle a) ebelene 85
Airedales at Work on Big Game in Alaska .................. 90
AMMEN X ChE Se NEOMVCM th coy alts, oka crete clicker tic kaieleie ket che tow alleh at aneNeKalsvenavetaltalsctsltar atts 93
Champ vor! MU WME O WS eke ie ele apelets cr odelountatalsnet slots) ata irotsapiahenclenenciaterene 110
ROB 1 SEUGY povetagenavere eire's, eve; aieesehere s\co./s tac ebealis| ite lovayiol otel sleliobe (hakeliohe sale taieite 111
CGhampilonstoL Bothy ContimenGse- cpwemuctetetalstelelslerens)aicjelel aistelialsiail tars 115
Upland sShoocinie: wath vam PAired ale. stare: vlc tedejstatena a tauetelelerelotaien shale 117
The Hunting Pack in Mountains of Montana ................ alae”
Then idealmBie- Game VEuntin eg VP ack 3k! cctensadlel eioetate cues ceenenedeaene 122
Coon Hunting with an Airedale on Puget Sound ............. 126

Airedales Tree Barking—Mountain Lion Hunting in Montana 129
Staunch on Point

ag AVG! liao Gira] alesse. sane latnetad eoSeke Mebane tote a redane emptonatakema seep & 132
EAL Ne Wenavces chs) eke nie rue venens gored ep reece lanes hobene tote hene Reehehewed seta le Ret Retene ee etevehe 133
AMinredales- “Ww orkine {on Wala Ducks) cy. ctarietelalevelsieietets ele tels ielersiclene 135
Black, Bear’ [reed sby vAImed alesis scasveletsstensletclohetelsbedele: 1's) ose sis: cilrne se 139
MOAWIAEED “DOR Virs. veccuastotohete eve tateie eoctehevaboponencbeiicrets lobeterelere vole ‘ols, ss cerainonene 142
Mr: Ps Bawden, with -lhmes, Wav Ori tesina scale ctsieke oie ecto aetene iets 143
Bircheclitfe) Selected! Wee tic ctetetate recs raver tardavebelehelete (altel v tess) s rue ABE ES.5 Se 145.
Av TE OTE Ve UIE; dave alacere cilese' iso feliels iro ove ser tienen erenetonenehoret sia rcheloreteraranele i 146
Pa AANDAE SLY C Sieiave ctiss teasers cele oc sen cte olshe neve cenentredalieln ee) stele ket theletennetenntens 150
Helping’ the Family on Wash Day .........cc.0 agete vel hatekete Aers’ sual lous
Will Know Better Next Lime. g ereccr sis letce vere cwrcl eke, cher aveeleneremeteteteas 155

Briar and His Playmates

All About Airedales

INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER

In writing and compiling this book of information pertain-
ing particularly to Airedale Terriers, the writer has aimed to
present to the cog-loving public a book that will be equally
valuable to the novice who is a fancier of other breeds as well.
The book does not attempt to give an extended history of the
breed as a whole or of noted individual Airedales, for this has
been admirably done by others, notably Messrs. Holland Buck-
ley, James Watson, N. William Haynes and F. M. Jowett, all
most valuable in their respective works.

The author of this book during a period covering twenty
years aS an active dog fancier, has observed the apparent lack
of helpful Suggestions in many dog books, which he gives here-
in as the result of years of successful ownership, breeding and
practical experience. The old adage, ‘‘experience is the best
teacher,” in the case of dogs is only too true and it is the hope
of the writer that the amateur fancier will avoid many
stumbling blocks in his or her own experience by profiting from
some of the information here given, much of which while
seemingly simple, will be found to be such as to help many to
avoid mistakes which are always most disappointing if not
costly. This work is intended partially to satisfy a long-felt
want in giving the thousands of fanciers of this breed, who
have never raised or owned a dog of any sort before, something
to help them along in furthering the usefulness, education and
personal pleasure in the ownership of the Airedale.

Its title is not to be considered too ambitious in the use of
the word “ALL,” for no book could possibly be compiled that
would include “all” that could be written regarding Airedales.
The title selected aptly indicates that the book’s text is entirely
devoted to the Airedale in depicting its diversified character-
istics.

The author is in constant receipt of personal letters from
Airedale fanciers in all parts of America and many foreign
lands, with most complimentary comments on what the reading
of this book has been for them, and he desires to herein
express his appreciation of same and trusts the new editions,
which are periodically made necessary because of the wide-
spread popularity of the publication, will continue to assist
others in an intelligent and successful ownership of both good
and better Airedales.

No book is large enough to reproduce photographs of the
thousands of good Airedales, past and present. Those selected
show the Airedale in many of its interesting capabilities and
also a few of the most representative Champion Airedales yet

8 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

produced, such that the reader can by them see pictured what
has been recognized as the best individual type.

In publishing this edition, the author is reminded that
‘“‘All About Airedales’’ was the pioneer exclusively Airedale
book published in America and unless the breed had proved
itself dependable and fully up to what its friends claimed for
it, the book would have been forgotten before the completion
of this ten years of its distribution, but the Airedale today as
a breed is stronger and more firmly established and growing
into wider favor than ever before and the constantly increasing
demand for ‘All About Airedales’” from all over the world
indicates its character as a book of enduring merit.

=

Mr. H. W. Essclstyn’s Sporting Airedale Lake Dell Jack.

N. B.—The successful raising of Airedale puppies is so
greatly assisted and made easy by having this book to refer to,
many breeders place copies of the book with purchasers of
stock. Special rates will be given any breeder who wishes to
use the book for this purpose. Address: R. M. Palmer, 8447
Renton Avenue, Seattle, Washington, U.S. A.

CHAPTER I.

ORIGIN AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
AIREDALE TERRIER

Origin.

When authorities differ, ’tis folly to be wise: It is enough
to state that the Airedale originated in Yorkshire, England.
some fifty years ago, and eventually the breed being so much
associated with the district through which the Aire River runs,
took the name of the Aire-dale Terrier. This particular section
of England was a manufacturing district, and the Yorkshire-
man, always prone to a bit of sport, wanted in his dog not only
a keen-bitten all-terrier dog, one that would never flinch in a
pinch, but also one that could make himself practically useful
in all sorts-of hunting pursuits, whether nosing out mink or
water-rats, retrieving waterfowl, or taking the trail of the
oiter, or winding the scent of upland game birds. Years ago
when in conversation with the noted international. judge, Mr.
George Raper, who has for years been breeding some of the
best known Airedales in England, and whose Yorkshire home
has been always right where the Airedale originated, he
remarked that those who were responsible for the making of
the breed had but meager knowledge of what constituted their
make-up, for they seemingly ‘‘just grew”? into being, from a
general pot-pouri of the sporting dogs in the dale of the Aire,
- which comprised all sorts and conditions of a dog useful to the
poacher in his lone and stealthy encroachments upon privileged
territory of the game preserves of his Lordship. Airedales were
sent in to range the enclosed field, to drive the hares and
rabbits out through the gates, there to be quickly netted. In
those days the old-fashioned rough Scotch terrier was popular
and used on vermin, also the old English wire haired black and
tan terrier is said to have entered into the crosses which were
made with Otterhound blood, which latter blood was linked
with the terrier production, to gain the wonderful nose and
scenting powers of this noted strain of old English hounds. The
Otterhound had also the rough and wiry coat, most suitable to
maintain in this then newly made hunting-terrier a sound,
water, weather and brush resisting jacket. It is from this
source that the Airedale of the present day gets his strongly
inherent and wonderful scenting instincts, and his fondness for
all sport that demands water-work and intense ambition in
hunting and trailing.

10

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

os

ide

Otterhounds
From “Modern Dogs” (Rawdon B. Lee)

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS ial

While it is seen from this brief outline of the accredited
origin of the Airedale, that it was made up of two or three
Or more breeds, not unlike many another recognized breed in
dogdom of today, it should be borne in mind that he is not
a mongrel because of it, as the Yorkshireman fancier used in
the breed’s make-up other recognized terrier breeds and the
Otterhound, all in themselves pure as breeds went in those
days, for their accepted purpose in getting the final result,
which was then known as the Yorkshire-waterside-terrier, and
also the Working-terrier,

The past forty years of steady progress and improvement
made in Airedale breeding has shown its ability to breed-on
and retain the features of distinctive type and characteristics.
Had the origin of the Airedale been otherwise than sound,
sensible matings from breeds of decently pure blood, the result
would have never bred-on and remained what it has always
been and is today, a type of hunting terrier, which embodies, as
cne writer puts it, “‘elegance, unison of build, thoroughness in
dash and intensity of purpose; with such contour in his breedy
appearance, and his known adaptability in all climates under
any and every condition where he is called upon as a real
companion to man.”’ As early as 1885, the Airedale was rec-
ognized as a distinct and separate breed, and individuals were
registered as such in what is the oldest organization of its
kind in the world, the Kennel Club of England. Having briefly
answered the question ‘‘What is an Airedale Terrier?’’ one
which is so often heard, we will now turn our attention to the
breed’s general characteristics.

Characteristics.

While recognized by both the English Kennel Club and
American Kennel Club under the name of Airedale Terrier, al-
ready the name Airedale is so distinctive and special a cogno-
men, as differing from the names of other breeds, that as time
wears on, it would seem that the unnecessary Terrier append-
age will be eliminated from even the Kennel Club list. An Aire-
dale in character is in a class entirely by itself. No other ter-
rier breed approaches his capabilities, and he possesses all the
best qualifications of the other terrier breeds, even to a greater
degree of perfection and satisfaction, and besides has those
truly remarkable traits of the brainy hunting dog, that inspire
profound admiration, respect and devotion, wherever he is
given a decent chance to show himself in critica! situations,
emergencies of mortal combat, and, in what has likely endeared
his character to the world more than anything else, an absolute
dependence and reliability accompanied by unstinted devotion
to his master, even-tempered and indomitable courage, faith-
fulness and true affection for family and master of sucn

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

12

uerparvny AYQWOMISRAL VW

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS 13

superior caliber, that posterity will be heralding his praises
centuries hence.

Guardianship.

While accepting friendly advances that are made to him, he
does not reciprocate, and he recognizes but one master. A
friend who has once won his confidence and respect, he never
forgets, though years intervening have elapsed. Mr. H. Reeder,
in Country Life of America, tells of an example of the discrim-
ination used by the Airedale in exercising guardianship in-
stincts: ‘‘While camping in the Northern woods, he was called
suddenly into town, and left his Airedale Betsy with a
neighboring camper. Betsy had no scruples about accepting
the man’s hospitality and shared his bread and roof until
evening, but as darkness gathered she took unceremonious
leave, and trotting back to her master’s bungalow, stretched
out comfortably at the top of the veranda steps. The neighbor
feared she might get lost and followed. She arose at his
approach and ran down the path to meet him with every sign
of welcome. It occurred to him that he might as well take a
look around, and he made for the veranda, intending to go
through the bungalow. The minute he moved toward it,
Betsy sprang to the top of the steps and faced him with an
ominous growl. Surprised at the sudden change of front, and
a bit alarmed, he tried to pet her, but she drew back with an
unmistakable snarl and he deemed it prudent to retreat. Imme-
diately she followed him down and became friendly again. He
repeated the experiment, but once more she barred his way, so
he abandoned the idea-of going in and left her to guard the
place. Had the beast been endowed with speech she could not
have made him understand more clearly the stand she took:
She was perfectly willing to be friendly, but enly as it did not
“interfere with her duties.’’

The Airedale shows a decided fondness for children. He is
the ideal playmate for the little girl and pal for the boy on all
his romps, always awaiting the favor of his little master’s
attentions. Hide and seek, or finding a ball, he will play by
the hour. It is a common occurrence to see an Airedale insep-
arable from the baby carriage when its precious load is out for
a sunning, and the writer has known many that would not be
tempted to leave their infant charge by any diversion, but
faithfully and incessantly guard the little one as long as per-
mitted to do so. There is no breed of dog so desirable to
raise a child with or one in which so much trust can be placed.
The illustration on the preceding page shows but one of many
similar situations, with the Airedale ready to play the heroic
part of guardian and life-saver. In this instance, the occurrence
is at the seaside. The little child was possessed of a dangerous
fondness for approaching too near the water. The Airedale,

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

(soun}oLqd UoljoyW Avurey jo Asoz1n0D)

‘sSoq oy} £q PoTIOM SI IL PtomMA ‘punory 0} doy, cory, Wiory dung 0} pavdoa'T s104 pu sed],
QUID Sofepealy OME—VoMAZY ISA USHA Ul ssoqd Suyuny porq-uvolsoury Jo Yavg s,Aourey [ned “AW

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS 15

eyer alert in an emergency, takes immediate control of the
situation and with his firm grip and sure but gentle insistence,
holds the screaming child safely, until the fond mother is
attracted to the scene, which is fortunately caught by her
cleverness with a pocket camera.

Widespread Popularity.

The Airedale has not proved to be an over-estimated breed,
nor one that was destined to come and go, as so many others
have done, only to be read about in the annals of canine
history: Airedales were seemingly created to fill a well defined
want and need for just such a dog as they are. Their popular-
ity has been increasing the world over as years have rolled by.
They were not destined to be localized in some one country for
a limited fancy to enjoy: The world is too eager to get hold of
and enjoy all-the real good things, while it passes through
this brief mortal existence and the open secret of what a won-
derful breed had been developed in this breed was bound to
spread to all lands, and human nature being much the same
everywhere one goes, even to the remotest parts of the earth,
the Airedale is filling his place in the life demanded of him.

In Alaska, with temperature at 50 degrees below zero, they
are used to haul the hunter’s and miner’s provisions from
town to camp, Mr. Chas. Emsweiler, a hunting guide of Seward,
stating that his brace have carried for miles three to four
hundred pounds of moose; or, they are trailing and holding at
bay big game for the fortunate hunter who has been lucky
enough to come into possession of one or more. In the tropics
of Africa, during Col. Roosevelt’s hunting trips, we heard
tidings of the Airedale there, always ready for the fray, and
among the various breeds of hunting dogs accompanying Mr.
Paul Rainey in his hunting explorations in British East Africa,
the cleverest and most courageous work was done by two Aire-
dales. Through the courtesy of Mr. Rainey’s representative,
Mr. Rice, in charge of the motion-pictures, one of the most
exciting scenes pictured in same is illustrated here. Mr.
Rainey has always declared that the American hunting dog
Was equal in contending with the fiercest of wild beasts. He
took with him on his expedition a pack consisting of hounds for
trailing, wolf hounds and two Airedale Terriers for the killers,
all bred and trained in Mississippi bear hunting. The notable
stamina of these dogs on the hunt and their courage in the
face of powerful and to them strange animals, demonstrated
the truth of Mr. Rainey’s contention, as wiil be conceded by
any dog fancier who sees these pictures. It is generally
believed that dogs cannot climb trees, yet one of the most
thrilling of the scenes of this expedition shows a leopard posed
al. the top of a tree in majestic grace, as a place of refuge from
the pack in close pursuit, until these two Airedales clumb up

16 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

t ‘ eo as dea SS

Working Airedales, Owned by Chas. Emsweiser, Alaska

(1) Lake-Dell Vie and Lake-Dell Tackler hauling camp supplies.
(2) Alaska Grizzly bear killed near Seward, brought to bay by
Vie and Tackler (in background).

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS 17

tc him, and, snapping at his feet and haunches, force him to
leap from the top of the tree to earth, where the other dogs
mix in a melee with the animal. This is one of many interesting
and exciting incidents shown in the Rainey films. The illustra-
tion of this rare scene is an instantaneous reproduction of the
moment the leopard leaps from the top of the tree, the two
Airedales dimly visible close to the top where the animal had
sought a safe retreat. In the moving pictures the quickness
with which the Airedales climb the tree and go up through the
branches is remarkable, and they are the only dogs attempting
to do this of all the pack. In another scene, when hunting
lions, the Airedale is shown as the only dog with enough
courage to dash into the thicket where the lion has sought
refuge and rout it out for another chase by the pack, that has
surrounded the thicket and are baying their prey. These feats
of dare-devil gameness now shown throughout the world in
these motion-pictures have given the exceptional prowess of
the Airedale most merited publicity. In Mexico, the Canal
Zone and South America they are likewise in demand by those
who have the opportunity of knowing them and are a dare-
devil companion for the rough life of the country, as well as
for lion and boar hunting, which latter tests the courage of a
dog to the limit, for a wild boar will cut up his antagonist if
given the chance more than any other wild animal. Then again
in the Philippines and the Orient we hear of them giving good
accounts of themselves, and on the continent of Europe, in
the English and American armies they have established world-
wide fame for their cleverness as most dependable message-
bearers, for post duty and as sentinels on outpost duty with
scouting service.

Airedales in India.

The following letter from Mr. T. C. H. Shaw, prominent
as a breeder and judge of Airedales in far-away India, is
another evidence of the wide-spread popularity of the breed:

“Rawalpuidi, Punjab, India, June 3, 1918.

“Dear Sir: Kindly send me one copy of “All About Aire-
dales,’’ latest edition. I am at present trying to form an “All
India Airedale Terrier Club” as the breed is coming up by
leaps and bounds in favor. I also hope to later write a book
on this breed in India. Most of my Airedales I keep purely
for exhibition, but I have noticed their wonderful intelligence
and that they make great pals. My kennels (the Donnybrooks)
are the premier kennels of this breed in India. I hold the
Indian record for the largest number of first prizes won in
India in this breed by one dog and the first Indian made
champion and this was done by my old dog Champion Simon of
Donnybrook. He is mad on the gun too. I have here also the

18 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

International Champion King Nobbler’s Double
(Courtesy Mr. Norman Mackenzie)

IEinglish Champion Donnybrook Felday Countess (great gran-
dam of Ch. Rhosdu Royalist). She is a wonderful watch dog
and a demon in water and after ducks. Champion Simon was
bred in India. There are Donnybrooks all over India nearly.
Ai present I have about seven of my Airedales away on service
at different centers of war, some in Mesopotamia, some to
Palestine. Most of these have gone out with officers of Indian

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS 19

regiments as pals, guards, etc., and I hope they will get service
medals. I must say I get good fun hunting jackals with my
Airedales and I have had these pulled down singly by
my dogs.”

Police Dogs.

As Police Dogs their wonderful feats of cunning and brain
work are chronicled occasionally in the press. In this sphere
ot usefulness, the Airedale is readily trained to be both pro-
tecting guard to patrolmen and a quick assistant in stopping
an escaping fugitive who dodges into a dark avenue of escape
beyond the reach of a revolver’s range. Airedales become very
proficient in knowing quickly their duty in stopping the fugi-
tive an officer is pursuing and when hidden will follow the
trail into hiding places and hold at bay the culprit until forced
out by the arresting officers. Such use of Airedales is grow-
ing rapidly in the larger cities and giving most satisfactory
results. Being much quicker in action than trail or blood-
hounds they are more valuable in criminal service and when
given the same detailed training become most proficient. Their
undaunted courage in being ever ready to search premises for
petty thieves, burglars or criminals, make them the most
dependable breed for police service. In France they are used
te prevent suicides from drowning, and in a public contest held
in Germany, which included all breeds, doing the same rescue
service, the Airedales took first honors over all contestants in
other breeds.

Acute Hearing.

In England, their native land, by experiments in determin-
ing the comparative degree of the Airedale’s exceptionally
sensitive hearing, by Scotland Yard, they have discovered that
the Airedale can detect sound at a distance of hundreds of
yards farther than the most acute human ear. These scientific
tests have been reported from time to time in the English press.
This keen faculty the witer has seen illustrated frequently with
his own dogs: One instance in particular was that of a family
companion, who while apparently dozing on the floor of the
house living room, would suddenly start up and rush to window
or door, all aroused over the detection of her master’s
approaching, when he was three to five hundred yards away
on cement paving, beyond any possible distance of the hearing
of the human ear. This incident was so repeatedly tested by
those who witnessed it frequently, that the results of English
experiments are readily to be given full credence. The use of
this faculty is put into practical service in the English army,
by training Airedales not to bark at strange sounds at night in
trench warfare but to utter a low growl and in this manner

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

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ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS 21

give warnings of stealthy approachings of an enemy, not
detectable by the human ear.

A Profitable Breed.

‘Airedales have become in England and America the most
profitable breed in a commercial way, if one can judge anything
by the generous values that are being paid for noted indi-
viduals. There have been a number of purchases of English-
bred Airedales at prices ranging from $500 to $2000 and $3000
each, within the last few years, so there is from this standpoint
no longer any disputing the value of what breeders have
produced in careful attention to improvement of individual
type.

Airedales in America.

In America the fancy for the Airedale is a general and
wide-spread one, as they are found in every State and Territory
in the United States and every Province of Canada. They are
the faithful companion of the tender child at home in family
life, and a trusty guard for its safety.

The city fancier enjoys his companionship at home or in
cross-country tramps, when the Airedale is always busy and
ready to find something of interest, whether varmints or
shaking a mountain beaver or treeing some noisy squirrel or
grouse, or even roading a bevy of quail, all for the fun of it.
If a swim is at hand, he is the first to enjoy it, and stands
ready to retrieve anything; or, if at the shore, handles him-
self most dexteriously in the surf, and in shoal waters the
writer has witnessed an Airedale fish for hours at a time,
running up and down the flats, following the little darting fin
bearers, with head under water seemingly as often as out.

This suggests the relating of a ‘‘real’’ fish story, concerning
a hunting Airedale owned by the writer, by name of Lake-Dell
Gotch. He had been out for a season’s work and the hunter
who was using him, frequently used boiled fresh salmon for his
dog-feed, taking these from the abundant supply in the valley
streams. He secured them by spearing the fish in shallow
water. Gotch always wanted to go along and watched eagerly
the process. He soon was to be seen wading and chasing
some good sized fish toward the bank, and by comicai
maneuvers gradually get him into the pocket of some edge,
until by a quick grab he caught him by the tail, and rushed
cut with the fish for dry land. At first his failures to always
land the fish were amusing, and they would frequently flop
back into the water until he learned to carry them a safe
distance from the stream. One evening on reaching camp,
Gotch had disappeared, and he did not turn up the next day.
That evening some timber cruisers passed us and told us one of

22 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

our dogs was down by the river fishing. When we found him
he was barking merrily off in the woods, guarding a pile of at
least fifty handsome big salmon, and having a hard time to
keep the live ones from flopping away. He was a happy dog, .
and proud of his labors.

The farmer and rancher has found in him a dog that com-
bines more than any other breed everything that is useful in a
dog. He loves to continually hunt for and exterminate all
vermin and pests to poultry, and the stray cat is but a tussel
of a second and he has it disposed of. The sheepherder and
cattleman finds in the Airedale the one dog they can depend
upon at all times to quickly sound the alarm of molesting
maurauders being about, and are willing assistants in driving
away the howling and mischievous coyotes and, when it is
possible to corner one, will single-handed kill it with despatch.
The Airedale will drive sheep or cattle like a collie. Coons
and the bob-cat they dearly love to hunt and kill as well, and
when the rancher finds his place regularly visited only too
early for his slumber by coons in the chicken coop or a visit
from the destructive skunk, if he is without an Airedale on his
place, he begins to think it’s about time he had one, for
nothing ever destroys bird or animal life on farm or ranch
without an Airedale knowing it and he loses no time in the
dispensing of the enemy instanter, and all so naturally and
willingly, without guidance or suggestion. They are wonderful
retrievers from water or on land.

In the United States Forest Service throughout the West,
the Rangers have rather generally adopted the Airedale as
their companion-dog for their life in the wilds.

The mountain hunter and trapper have come to find in the
Airedale a dog par excellence for their life. The slightest
movement in an adjoining thicket, he hears and detects
instantly, or he scents distant game long before one has any
idea of its presence, leading his master still-hunting to it, or
if allowed his freedom, going off with a bound and a pace that
no other dog can surpass, out of sight and hearing until he has
rounded up his quarry and has a bear at bay in some recess, or
cougar treed, or bob-cat cornered, when with unceasing and
noisy tongue he tells the story to the otherwise peaceful hills
and dales, that he is there to stay hours if needed until his
hunter-master comes to put an end to the wild prey of his
finding. Instances are reported of the Airedale staying with
big game treed for two days’ time and more before found. The
writer once had a yearling Airedale stay twenty-four hours
until found with his first black bear.

The persistence and undaunted courage of the Airedale is
well illustrated by the experience of the former U. S. Hunter
for the State of Washington, P. C. Peterson, who in the winter
of 1908 had been out for a day’s hunt to locate a cougar
(mountain lion). After a day’s hard hunting with his three

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS 23

Airedales and several hounds, a severe snowstorm came on,
which, together with the approaching night, compelled him to
retreat homewards. En route the dogs treed the cougar several
miles from home and, as it was getting pitch-dark, and snow
blinding, he could not see the prey, but only hear his snarls in
the top of a mighty cedar. With great difficulty he finally
got the dogs away from the thicket and hurried home. When
about half way, he discovered one of his best Airedales, Pedro,
was missing and a hasty search for him was of no avail. He
was almost lost himself in controlling the other dogs, and had
to abandon the search and reach safety himself. Being a man
devoted to his Airedales and their courage, as soon as the three
days’ blizzard had abated, and Pedro had not returned, he
retraced his travels to the scene of the cougar’s retreat, in
hopes of possibly still finding the dog, only to find when once
there but mute evidence where with snow packed down ten
feet in depth, Pedro had gamely made his last sad stand in
listening to the ‘“‘call of the wild’’ while maintaining his lonely
vigil and guard, but which alone he could not survive with the
handicap of snow too deep to withstand the severity of the
elements.

“On the kennel floor the chain lies
Where it lay a year ago,
Rusty, knotted, wound in cobweb,
Where cold spiders hide below.
Creaking on its unused hinges
Swings the loose door to and fro,
And the kennel door is mildewed,
Dampened by the sifting snow.
Now there is no dog to care for,
Silence only when I eall,’’ ete.—Morris.

As Airedales have grown more and more into public favor,
they have fortunately had the benefit of the patronage of well-
to-do fanciers, who are always on the alert to get hold of any
really good new dog in the breed.

Each season, the rivalry will continue in securing fame for
the leading Airedales of the day. Heretofore many of the
best champion Airedales have been imported from England,
but the American-bred winners are appearing more frequently
and it is only a matter of time until some of the greatest dogs
in the breed from the standpoint of perfection in type will be
bred in the United States and Canada. Singularly enough in
England leading authorities in 1915 accorded to the bitch
Champion Dargle Deputy the distinction of being the best
Airedale in England. That Canada is coming to the front, in
the importation and breeding of ‘Airedales, is a fact becoming
known to all, but as yet the public may not generally be aware
of the class of Airedales which are being used in our neighbor-

24 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

ing country. Mr. Norman Mackenzie of Regina, Canada,
among others, during 1915, brought out a notable importation
in the dog, Champion King Nobbler’s Double, and has in recent
years brought to merited international championship the im-
ported dog Polam Maxim.

So much attention has been given to improving the breed’s
general appearance, that whereas in its early days the Aire-
dale was a shaggy, rough-looking customer, as homely a canine
as ever seen, the modern type of Airedale is as smart and toppy
as any of the terrier breeds. This fact is peculiarly creditable
and praiseworthy in view of the necessity all through its
development of maintaining the characteristics of the original
purpose of the breed, namely, in having a thoroughly game
fighting dog, one endowed with a most powerful physique,
size and stature for endurance and hard work and also the
rarest hunting instincts. The Airedale originated as a working
terrier and a hunting dog he will always be, as all terrier
breeds had lacked the scenting powers of the hound blood until
iz was so successfully introduced and maintained in this breed.

A First Impression.

The following letter is an amusing account of a first
impression of the appearance of an Airedale puppy, received
by W. W. Titus, well known as a veteran field trial handler
and fancier of sporting dogs:

“Dear Sir: The rag and bone and hank of hair came all
right and don’t you forget it. My nigger came home with a grin
on him so wide he could hardly get through a twelve-foot gate.
‘Bos,’ said he, ‘some dem yere Yankees dun sent you a fices.’
But this is neither here nor there. ‘Frills,’ as we call her,
though not a yard wide, is all hair. She was the scariest dog
I ever saw, but after awhile she lost her wildness, and now
wants to follow everywhere. If she has any breeding, let’s
hear it—judging from her looks she must have run altogether
to breeding. If I can keep my nigger from tying her to a stick
to wash windows with I believe she will grow into a full-sized
dog some day. Thanking you for your kind attention and inci-
dentally for selecting for me such a handsome specimen of the
Airedale breed, I am most humbly yours,

W. W. TITUS, Kennel Review.”

Not unlike the modern mechanical tool with its dozen uses,
so the Airedale in dog flesh has filled the human craving for
an all-around dog, one that combines enough distinctive and
inherited traits of character that he can be developed to meet
every use, whether the requirement be such as to call on his
purely terrier aggressiveness and killing powers or his natural
ambitious hunting instincts, be it for feathered game or the
pursuit of big g.me.

ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS 25

Such a breed with its every-varying sporting tendencies is
certainly one which the world has much room for and its
widespread and universal popularity has but begun, for the
Airedale fills every want and need that the human race can ask
a thoroughbred dog to serve: He embodies a naturally quiet
and reserved temperament with one that is up and coming the
moment there is anything doing. It is exceptional to find the
noisy temperament in the Airedale, like some other varieties of
the terrier family. They are naturally mute except when
excited to something worth while. He is game to the core,
does not carry a grouch about with him and is ready to fight
to the death when occasion demands, and no dog lives, of
equal weight, that is a match for an Airedale once aroused:
Airedales are peculiar in this matter of being aroused to a
situation of perhaps imposition from another dog before their
fighting blood is up. They will be most indifferent and yet
ever ready, and the instant they are attacked, they are all
there in a second with actions so quick and forceful that
lightning seems slow in comparison, for with punishing jaw
and great strength they are seldom bested. Don’t ever worry
about the safety of your Airedale when attacked by a street
dog; he will take care of himself and if in unequal battle, he
will find some clever way to cover. The writer had occasion to
know of a case in point: Two Airedale pals, Guard and
Caesar, one an exceptionally small specimen, yet chuck-full of
fearless grit, and the other a slow, sober, but large, husky
individual, were attacked on the street by a termendous brute
of a Mallimuth, one of the eighty-pound sort. These Northern
dogs are wolf-like in nature, have sharp cutting teeth, and a
coat with the density of a bear’s hide. They are powerfully
built and are always dangerous assailants to man or beast.
The two Airedales realized the utter hopelessness of meeting
him in the usual form of battle and instinctively seemed to
understand each other’s predicament at once, for while the
larger dog fastened onto a throat hold, the little chap took the
hind quarters, and when found, they had the Mallimuth
stretched out tight, hors de combat, and they had held him
there some time and would have certainly killed him had they
not been discovered and driven apart.

The following letter illustrates an incident of the gameness
of three Airedales in a tough encounter with a cougar:

“North Bend, Wash., Jan. 9, 1912.

Dear Sir: * * * The next morning I started for North
Bend, Jack and Togo carrying their packs of camp necessities,
and only got into the edge of the clearing when I missed
Whiskers. I called to him several times only to find out that
he was on the track of a cougar that had passed within one
hundred yards of the cabin during the night, and as the snow
was very hard it took me several minutes before I discovered

26 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

the cougar track. I turned Jack and Togo loose and they
soon caught up with Whiskers, and in less than one hour I
heard the three dogs coming towards me in full cry. A half-
grown deer ran by me, and next after the deer came the cougar
and the three Airedales. When, seeing me, the cougar turned
back in the direction he had come from, but Jack was there,
first in the lead. He flew right at the cougar’s throat and the
cougar, going pretty fast, turned clean over, when, quicker
than I write these lines, Togo and Whiskers had him by the
hind quarters. Just about that time I got my little Mauser
pistol into action, and the first shot broke the cougar’s neck.

P. C. PETERSON.”

Petersen’s Leader ‘‘Lake Dell Whiskers’’

Showing type of one of the gamest and most experienced hunting
Airedales that ever lived. This dog was hunted nine years until
finally killed in his last encounter with bear.

CHAPTER II.

PHYSIQUE AND STANDARD TYPE OF THE ATREDALE
TERRIER.

Appearance.

The Airedale of today is distinctively a terrier paragon. His
physical individuality is impressive at first sight, as all know
who have had occasion to lead one or two through a city’s
streets and had the constant interested inquiries from
strangers to answer, who want to know all about them. Aire-
dales should have a clean-cut terrier appearance, handsome in
the placement of their richly contrasted coloring, coupled
with a characteristic dignity of bearing and self-contained
activity.

The Airedale is an upstanding dog, proud of bearing, ever
alert and interested without the semblance of a toy or light
weight in his build, showing much prowess, zeal and vigor in
abundance, curbed only by his excellent temper, and as sound a
jacket as the present-day breeder can give him, in density and
hardness of coat and color to suit the dog’s lineage and popular
favor. His running gear must be uniformly put together, to
permit of great speed in the chase, requiring the toughest of
feet, chest deep and ribs well sprung to give great lung
capacity. Withal a dog of good station, which embodies
effective power in combat.

Size and Weight.

Size and its accompanying unmistakable embodiment of
power and invincible strength is a natural first impression of a
good Airedale. This size question has been a changeable one
in the ‘Airedale’s development from its early days. In December,
1879, Mr. Reginald Knight, of Chappel Allerton, Leeds, Eng-
land, then recognized as ‘the leading exponent of the welfare
of the breed, furnished Mr. Vero Shaw an estimate of the breed
for the “Book of the Dog,” and gave a standard, which was
signed up by seven of the leading fanciers of that day in
England. Weight was given as 40 to 55 pounds for dogs, and
85 to 50 pounds for bitches. This was in the days when the
influence of the Otter Hound crossing and recrossing, back
and forth with terrier blood had maintained the hound size
largely, with also its houndy ears and ungainly appearance. It
is well to bear in mind that the Airedale was not produced
from one mating, or any succession of limited matings and

28 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

crosses, but rather required years to develop and establish
its constantly improving form, due to the ambition of judicious
breeders and fanciers to constantly build up and strengthen
terrier characteristics: This eventually seemed to carry the
fancy to the other extreme, for it was not so many years before
the Kennel Club of England, to satisfy the fanciers of the
breed, that were showing the breed and advancing it into one
of the most profitable show-breeds in England, was influenced
to formulate in its standard requirements the size question to
a maximum limit of 45 pounds for a dog, as a guide post. This
had the influence of breeding ultra-terrier types until show
winners fell altogether too far short of this weight, and under-
sized, small specimens became common. It is here seen that
in its native land the weight limits of the breed are stretching
upwards, for as one English writer and exhibitor expresses it,
“Tf the Airedale is to be allowed to win on a low weight he
will be bred down to the Irish, and who knows perhaps become

Head Study—(1034 inches in length)

merged in him. I should be very sorry to see him get smaller,
and think the question of weight should have much more
consideration with judges than it now has’ (referring to what
had been a tendency to advance the small type of Airedale
in England and America, against the present growing popu-
larity of the larger type).

That standard size and weight is today a very elastic
requirement in England is evident by the following from the
pen of the editor of ‘Our Dogs’: “The standard descripiton
and code of points of the Airedale Terrier has been formulated
merely as a guide to breeders, exhibitors and judges, and not
as the laws of the Medes and Persians, an irrevocable and un-
alterable statute. If the latter, then it means that an Airedale
Terrier 44% lb. weight, however moderate in merit, is eligible

PHYSIQUE AND STANDARD TYPE 29

to compete and win prizes and Club emoluments, but one 45%
lb. weight (between which the eye could detect no difference
and for all practical purposes there is no real difference) is a
monstrosity and ineligible to compete. Such is, of course
absurd.”’

Nowadays, the tendency seems pendulum-like to be swing-
ing in the other direction, for the undersized Airedale proved
an abomination and a most disappointing climax in the breed-
ing for show dogs that brought it about, and there is reason
to believe that the Airedale’s size everywhere will in the future
be maintained in representative and winning types in dogs that
weigh between 45 and 55 pounds and bitches about 5
pounds less,

When we bear in mind that show judging is always on the
comparative basis and not technically scored by standard
points, one can readily understand the varying opinions pos-
sible in what constitutes the best ideal for size. Weight in
itself is too uncertain a factor in determining the desired size
of an Airedale. Of more importance is height at shoulders,
stolidity of build, large bone formation in leg structure, giving
power to good station, strength in neck and shoulders, com-
pactness of body and a perfect muscular development.

During 1919, Field and Fancy (New York), America’s
leading Airedale weekly, invited open discussion and letters
from prominent Airedale owners on the subject of weight in
Airedales. It brought out many interesting opinions. Space is
given in this chapter for two excerpts, as pertinent to the
subject matter, one by the author and the other by Mr. W. E.
Baker, Jr., of New York, prominent as a breeder and judge of
the breed, whose writings are sound and substantial.

Type Not Weight.

“Editor, Field and Fancy: It is a pleasure for me to take a pen
in hand on the subject of Airedales, for when twenty years ago I
began to befriend the breed with an occasional article to your
paper and others, I little realized that the breed would by now
have established itself as numerically the largest owned breed in
this country. Recently I was .scanning a copy of a prominent
Western paper devoted to out-of-door life and recreation, and in
it a novice had the temerity to ask the Kennel Editor what breed
of dogs was the ‘best’ to own. His reply was that there were forty
fair answers to the question, all of them right, but dog for dog,
the Airedale had the most brains, and knew how to use them
better than any other breed in existence.

“So when your letter came along asking me for my opinion of
the controversy which your issue of April 26 entitled ‘Weight in
Airedales,’ I felt a good deal like the editor above quoted. I see
nothing in the matter to get excited over, as it is a subject that
has come up for discussion periodically about once a year in our
kennel publications for a decade past. Bickering over it avails
nothing, for the fact is there is no important divergence of opinion
among those who Know a first class Airedale when they see one.

“Weight is not a suitable word to use in the consideration of the
subject. This was aptly illustrated some years ago when Dr.
Henry Jarrett was judging a Seattle show I had the management
of. There was a cup up for the biggest Airedale to be decided by
weight. Out West here, then and now, the hunters like the big

30 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

ones and have an idea that they cannot be bred and raised too
large, so ‘Bill’ Bailey wanted to see how big a specimen could
be found to win the cup he had donated. Among many, the com-
petition centered on a 11-months-old puppy a boy had brought in
from a ranch where he had had his freedom (and the puppy was in
poor flesh). This Airedale weighed 78 pounds. A butcher produced
the winner in Landrail (bred by Dr. R. M. Dodds of Mankato,
Minn,), and when I weighed this dog he balanced the scales at 82
pounds, and yet was not in appearance an extra large dog, but a
heavy set, big-boned dog, deep in body and loin and heavy in flesh.

“Airedales that would not weigh over 55 pounds might seem to
the eye to be more sizable than this dog, and the 78 pound pup
looked bigger all over. Another extreme case of weight came
under my notice two years ago when a 10-months-old male puppy
came in from the country for shipment to a big’ game hunter. This
pup was, by the way (take notice you skeptics of inbreeding), one
of a litter whose sire and dam were litter brother and sister,
raised together on a ranch and accidentally mated when first
matured at 12 months of age. He was a monstrosity for both
weight and size, the big all over kind, and on the scales (at 10
months) weighed 88 pounds. By this time he could easily tip them
over 100 pounds. He was an absolutely purebred Airedale from
healthy ‘hunting stock, and his sire and dam were of average size,
but the litter were all big specimens. The inbreeding had evi-
dently coupled and strengthened the dominant size-tendencies in
the ancestry and good feeding and country life did the rest of it.
None of these three extra large specimens of the breed maintained
any attractive balance of Airedale type, but coarseness all over
was manifest.

“When, however a large dog does maintain uniform symmetry
and balance in his structural type, then his owner has something
worth while and the breed has simply proved its perpetuation of
what its inherited tendencies must always be. For, bear in mind
that when the breed was: originated Otter Hound blood predom-
inated in its make-up, and its influence toward size is still the
strongest element in the breed’s reproduction. This is also aided
by a popular tendency among breeders to always breed to a large
sized sire. Time cannot erase the spots in a leopard’s coat, nor
will it ever change the tendency toward size in Airedale breeding.

“Please note I use the word ‘size’ not ‘weight,’ for weight is no
criterion to go by. I can put 10 pounds on any Airedale in a
month if in average flesh, so weight varies too easily to be a
dependable guide, other than giving a ‘mind’s idea’ of what a 45
to 50 pound Airedale should perhaps appear to look like. But many
a good, fat, chunky, undersized specimen can easily tip the scales
to the requirement of the English standard, which American spe-
oa clubs seem to have been too eager to copy—namely 40 to 45
pounds.

“Having always favored size in Airedale type, I am glad to here
state that this is not for! itself alone. A sporting Airedale does
not have to be a big’ one to be a dead game dog in the use for
the breed in all classes of hunting. I have bred and seen too many
Airedales that were not large specimens, that were all one could
ask for in this matter of usefulness. But right here let me counsel
your Airedale readers to go slow in zealously acclaiming that size
is the much desired equation in Airedale breeding. There are so
many more important considerations in Airedale type that experi-
enced fanciers, give size only a passing consideration. To elucidate
a bit, I would say, above all, a first-class ‘show dog’ must have
superior standard type in head points, symmetry and texture of
coat, general style and showiness, involving grace in action and
attractive general ensemble, that denotes ‘quality.’ The weakest
general shortcoming in the breed today is texture of coat, an
otherwise good show dog is exhibited in stripped condition of coat
—artificial entirely—and wins maybe championship honors and
eventually is bred to and reproduces poor coats continually.
Judges should give the gate to all entries of dogs showing a doc-
tored coat and correct this, for if a poor-coated dog gets by others
will follow him,

“Now a large sized Airedale may have these requirements that

a winner has got to possess. As I am personally more familiar
with the champion Airedales I have seen and known on the Pacific

PHYSIQUE AND STANDARD TYPE 31

Coast than those in the East, I will mention the following show
champions, every one of which were large sized Airedales, and
dogs that have been used and produced good stock, among their
get being champions and winners: King Oorang, Matlock Bob,
Motor Dace, Bilmer Bingo, Koote-nai Chinook, Thayerdale Tenny.

“In champion bitches we have had McConnell’s Queen, Kil-
larney Marion, two extra large ones, that would weigh 50 to 55
pounds almost any time.

“This is enough to make it clear that a large-sized Airedale is
not to be denied championship honors as a show dog, if he has the
requirements that he must have to win not only at one show but
at the many and under several judges.

“So again let me say, that size is only one of the many good
things an Airedale can have. A really high-class show dog that
has it is lucky, for with size one rarely finds the very elements
that a show winner must maintain. A large sized Airedale too
easily tends to undue length of body, a homely coarseness of head
and a plodding action. A show dog must have the reverse of all
this—compactness and symmetry of build, a ‘balanced type,’ all
parts in proportion to size and contour and that real action a show
dog needs to set it all off with grace. As in other things there is

Champion Birchcliffe Oorang (Imported)
(Courtesy Mr. Norman Mackenzie, Esq.)

eo ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

a tendency for big thing's to move slowly. There is a mistaken
idea that is current namely, mating bitches to large dogs to main-
tain stamina in the brood. This is a fallacy, for the average
medium-sized sire that has desired ‘balanced type’ of selected re-
finement, produces the good large ones just as often, and maybe
oftener, than the sire whose size is his chief claim for distinction.
Size is easily grown in any puppy that has a healthy heritage, no
matter what the size of immediate parentage. It is a case of
knowing how to feed and raise the puppy properly.

“There will always be two distinct kinds of Airedales: (1) The
show animal; (2) the utility Airedale. There may be 1 in a 100
of the show Airedale, though I am inclined to believe that a really
high class show Airedale is even a rarer commodity than this pro-
portion; of the other 99 per cent, a good two-thirds would rank as
the ‘real dog’ for which the breed stands and the remainder are
the usual ‘discard,’ better lost than found. R. M. PALMER.”

“Editor, Field and Fancy: As to the particular point or ques-
tion of size, which you have asked my opinion on, this is to my
mind a very minor consideration in judging the Airedale in the
ring, or in the construction of any particular dog as to whether
he is a good dog or not.

“In the Standard and Scale of Points, a number of points are
given, though not particularly and properly specified in the
standard under the general term of character. To my mind this
means the disposition of the dog. In the show ring, shown by his
behavior and expression. In the home, shown by his brains or
sense, obedience and ability and willingness to mind his own busi-
ness and yet when the need arises to be game to a finish. An Aire-
dale should be a quiet, sensible unobtrusive dog, with a one-man
disposition, and should not be quarrelsome and pugnacious with
other dogs, and should at the same time be totally unafraid. A
dog with a nasty quarrelsome disposition, either in or out of a
show ring, is distinctly lacking in Airedale character.

“T have heard fanciers say they did not care if their dogs did not
have sense enough to come in out of the rain, if they were good
looking enough to win. Such an Airedale in my opinion is utterly
worthless, no matter how good looking he might be and he should
be penalized in the show ring for lack of character in so far as it
is possible, by the dog’s action in the ring to determine his dispo-
sition. This, then, is to my mind, the first essential in a good dog
in or out of a show ring.

“The second consideration in a good dog is that no matter what
size he may be for that size he should have plenty of good bone
and substance and hard flesh and muscle. In other words, be able
to do any amount of work he might be called on to do. In the
show ring he should have hard, firm flesh and muscle and a
general air of preparedness.

“The third consideration is that an Airedale must have a big?
strong jaw. I do not mean whiskers, and it does not need to be
long, but it must be a really strong jaw.

“The fourth consideration is that an Airedale must have a hard
coat. This is an absolute essential. As far as} I am personally
concerned an Airedale with a soft coat is doomed, no matter how
good he may be otherwise. I wish Airedales had to be shown
absolutely as nature made them. Then the dogs with real coats
might more easily be distinguished in the show ring. An Airedale
should have a soft undercoat, and a hard, wiry coat growing
through this, and only growing about an inch and a half long. A
real coated Airedale does not carry much whiskers, has no silky
hairs on his skull; his coat lies close and straight or with a very
slight ripple, and he looks neat and tidy at any time. If a show
dog, his coat can be kept in good condition with only an occasional
plucking once or twice a year. Any other kind of coat is wrong.
The unfortunate part of the coat question is that the expert ton-
sorial artist can make a poor coated dog temporarily appear like
a good coated dog, and ‘take in’ not only the uninitiated, but
many of the self-considered cognoscenti. But the man that 1s
thoroughly acquainted with the real thing in coats need not
worrys The use of clippers, the coat that has been plucked a
certain length of time ahead and newly grown in and the look

PHYSIQUE AND STANDARD TYPE 33

and feel of it, and particularly any amount of light colored and
fluffy whiskers give it away.

“If I have made myself plain, it appears then, that a good Aire-
dale must have brains, good bones and substance, a strong jaw,
and a hard coat. If he has these four things, and was as homely
as sin, he is a good Airedale, and he can be as handsome as Apollo,
and lack any one of these four essential qualities and be a rotten
Airedale, and the question of size doesn’t enter into the.matter at
all. He can be big, medium or small, and still be a good one or a
rotten faker. A real Airedale or an honest Airedale if you prefer,
is one that looks good at any time in its natural state. . .
This is the only sort to breed to, and the only sort to try to preed
that should win.

“Now, to go a bit more into the question of size. Suppose we
have a good Airedale—an ‘honest’ dog with the four essentials. It
is obvious we must have some limit to size—both ways. Other-
wise we would have to, to be fair, double our classes in the show
ring by weight or eventually have two breeds. I am, therefore, in
favor of the medium sized dog, neither too large nor too small. And
this works out usually in the end—as oversize carries its own
penalties of coarseness and lack of terrier quality or character,
while the undersized dogs usually lack bone and substance and

Champion ‘“Polam Maxim” (Imported)
(Courtesy Mr. Norman Mackenzie)

34 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

jaw power. When extremes meet in the judging ring and both
are good, and there is no medium-sized dog in the same class,
why, you walk up and take your choice. It isn’t a question of
size. It is which is the best dog, and size doesn’t enter the matter
at all as far as I can see. Though I must say frankly, that a good
big ’un is mighty appealing.

“The coat question is a far more serious matter ‘than the
question of size. To see dogs win championships that grow coats
like a sheep, if given half a chance, and to see dogs turned down
for ‘too much coat,’ when the dog that beats them is stripped down
to nothing, practically, is enough to discourage a saint. To see
dogs that would have curls all over them if the hair was left alone
for ten days, and to hear their owners rave about wavy coats is
enough to make anyone ask, ‘What’s the use?’ (Iff an Airedale
fancier wants to know the kind of coat an Airedale ought to have
let him) look at a Welsh Terrier). Why, we have even had the
ridiculous spectacle of a soft-coated Airedale winning for the best
in the show at Westminster.

“And then, there are the small ear fanciers. Preserve us from
a Fox Terrier ear on an Airedale. It is wrong. The Airedale ear
should be carried distinctly to the side and should be quite large
in proportion to the size of the dog, but not hounds, even in
suggestion.

“And then, there are the ‘narrow head’ fanciers, that skin and
Sweat their poor dog’s head down to nothing. For the love of
Mike, don’t let us ruin the Airedale. Leave some room for brains.
Airedales today haven’t half the intelligence or sense that they
had in the good old days of Twig and Rosebud. I know it. Let’s
be reasonable about heads, and let’s look for a little more expres-
sion and less ‘narrowness.’

“And next we have the ‘color faddist,’ with his deep red tan
and black back. By all means let’s have a nice bright tan and a
black well diversified saddle—but not if it carries with it, as it
often does, a soft coat. What harm is a little red up the back?
They all have it sooner or later.

“And I might keep on and mention fronts aud teeth, etc., etc.,
for why stop at size? WwW. E. BAKER yh eee

Importance of Quality.

What is known as “‘quality,’”’ a more or less indescribable
characteristic, should be a prominent factor in a typical Aire-
dale. This ‘‘quality’’ seems to be that something in the en-
semble of the make-up: of a dog that pleases and attracts at
first glance. The handsome show-setter shows it at once, and
so must the terrier. The factor of “quality’’ in an Airedale is
an embodiment of all that one wishes to find in a classy
terrier, vivation, showiness, and the like, all set off by as
perfect a type as one can get.

Most of the Airedale Specialty Clubs in America have
copied the standard requirements for the breed as adopted by
The Kennel Club of England. A very comprehensive and suit-
able standard description of what the ideal Airedale Terrier
should be is found in Count Henry De Bylandt’s ‘‘Dogs of All
Nations’? (London, 1905).

PHYSIQUE AND STANDARD TYPE 35

Standard Description.

General Appearance—Squarely built, same length as height. He
is the largest variety of the Terrier.

Head—Long.,

Skull—F lat, not too broad between the ears and narrowing
slightly to the eyes, free from wrinkles.

Stop—Hardly visible.

Eyes—Small, dark in color, not prominent but full of Terrier
expression,

Nose—Black, nostrils open.

Cheeks—F ree from fullness.

Lips—Tight.

Jaws—Deep and powerful, well filled up before the eyes.

Teeth—Strong and level.

Ears—V shaped, with a side carriage, but not out of proportion
to the size of the dog.

Neck—Of moderate length and thickness, gradually widening
towards the shoulders and free from throatiness.

Shoulders—Long and sloping well into the the back; shoulder
blades flat.

Chest—Deep but not broad.

Back—Short, strong and straight.

Ribs—Well sprung.

Hind-quarters—Strong and muscular with no droop.

Legs—Perfectly straight, with plenty of bone; hocks well let
down.

Feet—Small and round, with good depth of pad.

Tail—Set on high and carried gaily, and not curled over the
back; always docked to about 7 (or 10) inches.

Coat—Hard and wiry, but not so long as to appear ragged. It
should also lie straight and close, covering the dog well all
over the body and legs.

Color—The head and ears (with the exception of dark mark-
ings on each side of skull) should be tan, the ears being of
a darker shade than the rest, the legs up to the thighs and
elbows being also tan; the body black or dark grizzle.

Height at Shoulders—From 20 to 24 inches.

Weight—Dogs from 40 to 50 lbs., bitches slightly less. The size
is a very important point, as light dog's are condemnable.

(Disqualifying Points—White marks or patches on the body
and an uneven mouth, either overshot or undershot).

Many of the leading show winners of the day have a slight
white marking on the chest, not enough to be a patch or prom-
inent as such. This slight tendency of white appearing in a small
spot on chest seems to be nothing unusual in real good specimens
and is not regarded as of sufficient importance to disqualify, under
the accepted merits of the type desired in the breed today.

_ Scale of Points.

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PURO GEL me artet up enone asa ole tenes vilnds: weave eretcte whe tape “elsiele kbhers 'sjle 100

36 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Mr. Henry Hanna, an authority in England on Airedale
breeding, in reviewing prominent individual Airedales which
were shown in 1914, is quoted in the English Kennel Gazette,
Viz.:
““As to the breed generally, I am glad to say that there is
a marked improvement in coat, color and body. The light
biscuit tan that ran through some good Airedales for the past
few years was traceable to certain blood, but while it was
often accompanied by high quality it was wrong and con-
trary to the distinct standard set up by every club. I am also
of the opinion that we have seen this year fewer flat-ribbed
and light-bodied specimens even among the lower ranks. The
great factors to be aimed at in breeding typical Airedales are
body, coat, loins and bone, but many of the modern exhibitors
never look past the dog’s head and ears. There is not the
same craze for the long foreface that often seems dispropor-
tionate to the skull and even to the dog himself. I hope that
the days of the flat-catcher are coming to an end with his
Irish Terrier ears and abnormally long ‘donkey’ head. By all
means let us have a handsome typical head, but let us look at
the back of it for the real substance of such a Terrier as the
Airedale, who must combine substance, strength and agility
with a weather-resisting double coat of sound color, and made
of hair, not wool.”

Gate 2S
Champion Crofton Ch
(Courtesy Mr. John M. Williams)

0 Si

CHAPTER III.

THE KENNEL, HOW TO ARRANGE IT.

The Chain.

If you are to keep but one dog for family companionship
and guard, no kennel is needed, for it’s inhuman to chain an
Airedale up alone to a sleeping box. Should the situation re-
quire it in the limited room of a city backyard and occasional
epidemics of the carnal fiend dog poisoner, the most satisfac-
tory plan to adopt is to string a heavy wire ten or twenty feet
in length, with a solid metal ring sliding its length, to which
is attached the swivel chain. This affords ample exercise for
any dog and has saved many a dog’s accidental poisoning.
Chaining a dog up regularly tends to spoil his otherwise good
disposition and his jumping continually at the limit of chain
throws his shoulders and elbows out, giving him an unsightly
appearance and front.

Never chain a dog to a fence or box near a fence, as many
a dog has lost his life by jumping, when chained, over a fence.

The Poison Question.

Dog poison is not to be generally feared except where
poison is purposely set for predatory animals and in cities for
rats. To be always prepared for an accidental case of poison,
it is well to have at hand some sulphate of zinc and a bottle of
wine of ipecac. Give a grown dog twenty grains of the zinc in
a teaspoonful of water. In a few minutes give a teaspoonful
of wine of ipecac. This will produce vomiting. If the owner
sees to it that your dog or dogs are not a menace in any
manner to your neighbors, danger from poison is eliminated.
Generally speaking, too much liberty is given a dog and more
than is conducive to his best welfare. It is a mistake to allow
a well bred dog to roam the streets of the town with all sorts,
or to have the liberty of using a neighbor’s lawn and garden
as their self-selected playground. Stale waste barrels are
frequently the cause of poison, which is put out to exterminate
rats. In cases of poison from picking up “rough on rats,”
symptoms of which are foaming at the mouth and intense mus-
cular contractions, the immediate use of heated lard poured
into the stomach, either half or a cupful, according to size
and age, will save the dog’s life. Keep your dog at home and
only at liberty when one of the family is with him and you
need never fear the poisoned bait.

38 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

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Plan of Kennel

THE KENNEL, HOW TO ARRANGE IT 39

Kenneling.

If you are to have more than one dog, a pair we will say,
and more, provide a warm house, affording shade in the hot
weather and ample protection from winter weather, free from
draughts, with a fairly roomy runway yard. The kennel should

be placed in such a position as to be least disturbed by passers-
by, and never on the fence line.

The sketch for plan of kennel shown herein is simple and
one that is adapted for two or a dozen dogs, of varying ages.
Do not expect to keep Airedales inside of an exercise yard or
runway which is fenced with poultry-wire netting or board
fencing. They are most certain to learn even while young to
go through most any wire netting, and if the mesh is too heavy
for their teeth to tear, they soon learn to climb it, like
going up a ladder. The writer has seen Airedales go over
fences ten feet in height. They are naturally great jumpers,
and when mature can get over most anything, except just one
kind of a fence, and that is a picket fence, built with the
joist on the outside of the yard and the pickets inside. The
upper joints should be set two feet down from top of pickets,
which gives no foot-hold for a dog wishing to jump over the
pointed pickets. After one unsuccessful attempt there will be
no more jumping. Base of all yard fences must have boards
eighteen inches deep in ground to stop disposition to dig holes
under and out. In kennel plan given, note that a goodly por-
tion of the area inside the house is an earth floor, which
affords cool shade in summer and dry ground in winter. The
kennel should preferably be located on high ground or a slope,
with plenty of windows for light and ventilation. The sleeping
bench or floor is better limited in area, as it is naturally kept
cleaner if so. Airedales need no bedding of any sort except in
particularly cold weather. Cedar shavings or sawdust is excel-
lent for bedding, except in wet climates, when unless changed
often it becomes damp. Ashes are too hard on the coats. There
is nothing better than straw, but it must be renewed regularly,
as if left it crumbles up to a fine litter which is a most fertile
breeding nest for insects, particularly fleas. If you keep the
Kennel sleeping floors sprayed and free from dust your dogs.
will not be bothered with fleas in the kennel. In summer wet
the ground down often, and the result is the same. Fleas thrive
in fine litter and dust. If your growing puppies are sleeping
in boxes with straw bedding, powder the bottom of the boxes
with insect powder, or powdered sulphur, and you will find
them free from the annoyance of continually scratching for
fleas, which develops skin trouble.

A most suitable and convenient arrangement for a kennel
enclosure is to build a bench along the outside wall of some
outbuilding, two feet off ground, over which build a sloping

40 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES
roof with overhang. This affords dry resting quarters in bad
weather and dry and cool ground under bench in good weather.

Airedales do not need large runways, but thrive in limited
exercising yards, and grown dogs should be kenneled in pairs,
rarely more together. Study the dispositions of your dogs and
kennel them accordingly. It sometimes happens that puppies
will fight over food badly even when kenneled in pairs. When
such is the case, the best corrective plan is to place the
aggressor in with a friendly older dog cr bitch, when the pup’s
ardor is silenced by the difference in age and ability. Airedales
have to be watched carefully at meal times, for it is oftentimes
easier to avoid a scrap than to stop it after it is well under way.
Chain up at feeding time any older dog that is too greedy and
bosses others away from food pan. Puppies particularly are
liable to injure each other badly by fighting, and it should
never be encouraged.

Kennel stalls and yards should be cleaned daily and no
manure allowed to remain, as it is a breeder of disease in
attracting flies. Much of a dog’s daily life is spent lying about
on the ground and his quarters should be kept clean, or his
coat soon becomes foul with disease germs of gestated vermin
and insect life. Paint sleeping floor with crude petroleum and
spray occasionally with creolin or Zenoleum solution.

Dog Collars, the Best Kind.

The collar is an important item, as those who depend on
the average assortment of ornamental collars for sale by
tradesmen generally get a poorly adapted collar for a dog as
powerful and strong as the Airedale. Ornamental collars serve
their purpose in pleasing the eye, like fancy dress, but if more
common sense were used in the matter of dog collars there
would be fewer annoyances of lost dogs from the show benches,
due to broken and bent rings and poor fastenings. The best
collar for an Airedale is the rolled leather collar, one in which
the fastening end of the strap passes through hooking ring to
reach buckle. If this is not obtainable, the next best and the
one sensible and durable collar to provide is this one—a home-
made production. Purchase from any notion supply store a
strong book strap, which gives you two straps plus a handle (at
cost of a few cents for small size). Discard the handle and cut
straps to proper length, making necessary holes for buckling
with a punch or nail. Get a nickel’s worth of three-quarter
inch iron rings at a hardware store. Slip one on each strap,
and the best collar in the world for practical service has been
made ata minimum cost. This collar holds, and the ring does
not pull out or collar get cut by ornaments. The best collar
for breaking in a puppy is made by taking a leather strap
about one yard long, pass it under chest behind elbows, put
both ends through an iron ring, cross the ends and pass them

THE KENNEL, HOW TO ARRANGE IT “41

over shoulders and down under neck where the strap is
buckled to suitable length. This collar has the advantage of
not pulling directly on neck and choking. Padlocks on collars
are sources of great annoyance. Keys to them get lost, and
they do not protect against the knife blade of the dog thief.
The only other collar which it is well to have is the spike
collar. The purpose of this collar, and its singular usefulness,
lies in its hypnotic effect in breaking up a, dog’s fighting
tendencies, if a dog happens to be prone to-it. It is only
seidom that an Airedale is prone to street fighting and when
the disposition is so developed it is due to some fault of the
owner. An Airedale naturally prefers not to pick a quarrel.
yet if attacked he always will give a good account of himself.
When a dog is on the street a good deal and exposed to the
aitacks of all kinds, including the vicious, the use of the spike
collar on your own dog is desired. Its appearance has the
effect of keeping the most viciously inclined to prefer peace
for the time, and even when placed on a fighting dog has a
similar effect. It seems to dispel all preliminary arguments.

Author and Some Kennel Favorites—Champion Matlock Bob
(left) and Champion Lake-Dell Damsel (right)

THE TYPE THAT PRODUCES WINNERS

Illustrating type of sire and brood matron desired in successful
breeding, notably in head, foreface, muzzle, placement
of ears, legs, bones, and feet.

Lake-Dell Ruby

CHAPTER IV.

FEEDING.

Diet,

Airedales being constitutionally so hardy a breed thrive on
most any diet when once successfully raised. If fortunate
enough to enjoy the life of a family home, the varied diet of
table scraps, with its
assortments of bones,
vegetables, meat and
cereal products make a
healthy menu, and the
only caution necessary
is against over-feeding.
Grown dogs should be
fed moderately morn-
ing and night in winter
months, and but once
aecday? date night” in
warm weather. The
family guard that gets
ample exercise daily
will keep himself in
good condition, espe-
cially if a bucket of

Champion Lake-Dell Damsel cold water is acces-
(American-bred) sible. Avoid fish, chop

and chicken bones. The angle of fish and chop bones, if
poorly masticated, are sharp enough to obstruct stomach and
intestine, and turkey bones, being hollow and brittle, rarely
get chewed fine enough to digest well and will cause serious
trouble. Feed some milk now and then, also well-cooked liver.
A dog that eats immoderately, even ravenously, and bloats after
eating, needs attention with vermifuge (see Chapter VIII). It
is always better for a dog to be a bit under-fed than over-fed.
The daily diet should have considerable variety in its selection.

For the household companion the use of dog cakes will be
found most convenient as they are wholesome and a meal of
dog cakes for growing puppies daily or occasionally will be
found beneficial. An economical and desirable method of their
use is to soak them with water and when well broken mix with
bran. Dog cakes or biscuits are carefully prepared, keep indef-
initely, nourishing and easily assimilated. Their ground form

44 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

and puppy meal are excellent for puppies. Those advertised in
this book will be found reliable and satisfactory in every way.

The writer has made a careful study of kennel feeding for
twenty years, and exprimented with all sorts of food. The
result of these observations will likely prove of value to many,
whether new fanciers or old hands, for it is never too late to
learn something in these twentieth century eye-opening days.

If one is to keep more than one or two dogs, the task of
providing for daily food is a serious consideration and has to
be systematically planned, for the monthly»feed bills of a
kennel of a dozen or more dogs become a steady liability that
demands strict economy. In kennels wherein the number fed
runs up to fifty and even one hundred heads to feed, this
subject becomes of still greater importance. A considerate
owner of valuable Airedales wishes them fed sufficiently and
yet not wastefully.

Many kennels have access to restaurant scraps, stale waste
bread and the trimmings from meat markets and boil this up
with various cereal mixtures. If dogs are exercised well, and
they are not over-fed with it, this diet suffices, though it is
dangerous. Its danger lies in there frequently being not only
“the substance of things hoped for, but the evidence of things
unseen,’ and occasional ptomaine poisoning may be expected
from it. Copious use of bran is needed to mix it into a suitable
kennel food.

Such a diet tends to overheating the blood, and with dogs
confined to kennel life is liable to bring on skin trouble which
is easier to avoid than to cure. Airedales are active dogs and
incline to eat too lustily of rich rations. The dog that has
liberty at all times in town life will generally keep himself in
good condition, due to the natural aperients and waste prod-
ucts he consumes at nature’s bidding. No matter what the
diet, a dog must consume a certain amount of waste product
to be healthy and well. When a dog nibbles grass, or devours
stable manure, it is to offset too rich a filling-up from some
excellent meal he has had access to, in which protein elements
have dominated too heartily. To cure it, give a lighter diet,
less meat and more of the waste or nitrogenous rations. A
word as to potatoes here: They are a starvation diet for a
dog, and do not seem to digest or assimilate in their boiled
form. As they are mostly water, a dog does not need them in
a diet,

Milk and Its Uses.

Milk alone is not a sufficient food for growing puppies or
grown dogs. As it contains 87 per cent water, a large quantity
must constitute the diet in order to give the dog the necessary
supply of nutriment. Used to flavor a pan of regular food it iis
excellent as an addition, but fed too liberally alone, its use

FEEDING 45

tends to bloated stomachs which cause the conditions in which
worms thrive and become so deleterious by their inroads upon
the assimilative system of the animal.

Buttermilk is a most healthful and sustaining food reliance.
If the fresh article is not obtainable, use the evaporated product
securable from any poultry supply house. It is sold by various
trade names, given by its preparers, and is a boon to the
owners of dogs as a most valuable adjunct and dependence for
food supply. The writer has used evaporated buttermilk since
its first appearance in commercial form and finds it a most
satisfactory kennel food and dependence. The cereal mash
recommended in this chapter is mixed right into this diluted
buttermilk (instead of water only) and dogs are kept in prime
condition from its use. The lactic acid therefrom seems to
eliminate largely the growth of intestinal parasites, such that
little dosing for worms is needed.- The product advertised in
this book will be found reliable.

Sour milk in the thickened clabber state is also excellent
and one meal a day of this to puppies by itself will be found
beneficial. If it scours the system too much, omit for a day or
so and then continue.

Suitable Kennel Foods.

We will now consider the diet suitable for kennel feed and
that for those who keep Airedales in numbers away from city
and town life, such as in the country on farms or ranches or in
mountain hunting. Economy of unnecessary expenditure of
money is the chief factor, for the hunter who takes a pack of
ten or a dozen dogs into the mountains must oftimes pack all
of his dog feed with him.

The writer has now tested for a long time and had others
use and test as a regular kennel food and field diet for dogs
past six months old the following. It is something new to
many dog owners and is certainly the acme of perfection for a
diet; is satisfying, sustaining and a maintainer of healthy
physique at all times. Until the writer by original experiment-
ing with this kennel diet proved its efficacy it had been con-
sidered necessary to depend on prepared and cooked foods for
dogs. The success of uncooked cereal products as dog feed is
now established and the idea has been first formulated in
this book and is original with the writer.

Take a measure each of rolled or finely ground oats, bran,
and soy bean meal, a half measure of powdered bone meal (and
occasionally powdered charcoal), mix together dry; add salt
and hot or cold water enough to thoroughly soak up the mix-
ture, but not enough to float it. Give grown dogs a quart
measure or more (whatever quantity is eaten up clean) and to
each pan as fed add a little canned milk (diluted), one can
being sufficient to use in feeding six dogs. Rolled oats with

46 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

bran, and a small proportion of fish meal is also an entirely
suitable food which dogs like when once accustomed to it. The
condition of bowels should be regulated by the relative propor-
tion of bran used.

This food is fed entirely uncooked and dogs thrive on it. If
boiled fats and bones, or milk, be added to the mixture, it
helps in giving a change, but for dogs that must live on a
simple, plain diet each day, this mixture keeps the system in
good condition, supporting the hardiest kind of work and yet
it is not over-heating in kennel life.

It is a good plan to feed the mixture dry, if the wet mixture
is devoured too fast. Eating it dry requires more mastication
and mixing with mouth saliva.

The rolled oats are such as are used for family table. Oats
as an animal food is one of the most nourishing of all cereals
raised, as seen in the work a horse will do with it as the chief
food.

Soy bean meal is the concentrated form of the imported
Manchurian soy bean, from which it is made. It resembles a
coarse oil meal, but while oil meals average about 25 per cent
protein nutriment, this soy bean meal runs up to about 36
per cent.

The United States Farmers’ Bulletins state that ‘‘excepting
the peanut, there is no other raw vegetable product known
which contains such a high percentage of protein and fat in
such a highly digestible form as the soy bean.” ‘‘The seed can
be fed to best advantage when ground into meal and is almost
without equal as a concentrated feed.’’ Also, ‘‘a bushel of soy
beans is at least twice as valuable for feed as a bushel of
corn.’’

All foodstuffs contain a certain percentage of water. ‘‘Ash
is what is left when the combustible part of the feeding stuff
is burned away. It consists chiefly of lime, magnesia potash,
etc., and is used largely in making bones. From the ash con-
stituents of the food the digestive organs of the animal select
those which the animal needs and the rest is voided in the
manure.” ‘The fat of food is either stored up in the body as
fat or burned to furnish heat and energy.’’ ‘‘Carbohydrates
form the largest part of all vegetable foods, being stored up
as fat in the animal or burned in the system to produce heat
and energy. They are one of the principal sources of animal
fat.’”’ “Protein is the name of a group of materials containing
nitrogen. Protein materials are often designated as flesh form-
ers, because they furnish the materials for the lean flesh, but
they also enter largely into the composition of blood, skin,
muscles, tendons, nerves, hair, etc. For the formation of these
materials protein is absolutely indispensable.’’ ‘‘The sources
of heat and energy in the animal, then, are the protein, fat, and
carbohydrates of the food, and the fat and protein of the body,
for the fat and protein of the body may be burned like that in

FEEDING 47

the food. The value of the fat for producing heat is nearly
two and a half times that of carbohydrates or protein. The
sources of fat in the body are the fat, carbohydrates, and prob-
ably the protein of the food, and the exclusive source of protein
in the body is the protein in the food.’’

The following comparative analysis of the consistency of
foods named gives an intelligent idea of the dependence to be
placed upon each, alone or in combination:

Corn Soy Round of

Oats Meal Bean Bran Milk Beef

WisitiOrae oe sete atk Il. U5. 8.7 11.9 87.2 60.7
INS ia aod Se 1.4 5.4 5.8 a By an 8
Proteins .... 11.8 9.2 36.3 18.4 3.6 10.
Hibre' st 22 Ab: 9.5 1.9 3.9 9.0 4. tect 4 es
Carbohydrates 59.7 68.7 re | 53.9 4.9 eta

TELUS? sectavden recs 5. 3.8 18. 4, oak 12.8

In localities where soy-bean meal is not securable, the use
of the commercial poultry egg-mash, as sold by poultry supply
houses can be used and will be found a wholesome and nutri-
tious diet, as these mashes are generally well balanced mixtures
oi good ground cereal meals, in suitable proportions.

Large hard bones are injurious, if left for a dog to chew
on, as he soon wears his teeth down on them. Mutton bones
are excellent, and the softer beef bones, but not the ribs.
Cracklins are not a wholesome diet, as they contain little nutri-
ment of real value and tend to impoverish the blood and bring
on skin trouble.

Cured beef scraps, fish meal or blood meal (such as used
for poultry) are better. These should, however, always be
looked over carefully, to take out all grit, and well scalded with
boiling water.

No Cooking Needed.

It is readily seen that this diet for the kennel eliminates
the necessity of the daily cooking of food, always more or less
of an annoyance, winter or summer. Dogs do not need cooked
food, when one stops to consider that in their former wild
wolf-like life they never had it. We have been too ready to
accustom them to the human habit of having cooked rations,
and it is now proved beyond argument that the uncooked diet
herein described is a healthy diet for a dog in kennel life or
when engaged in the most taxing of daily physical work after
the age of three months.

Importance of Bone Meal.

The writer wishes to lay particular stress on the importance
of the use of bone meal (finely ground) in a dogs’ diet. Dogs
crave it and this strong natural instinct should be indulged,
particularly with the rearing of puppies. Its use supplies the

48 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

system with needed nutrition, and a dog’s digestive fluids seem
to be particularly suited to its assimilation. Furthermore, the
writer has observed that with bones or bone meal as a part of
the diet, a dog’s intestinal tract is free from the mucous coat-
ing, in which intestinal parasites gestate, grow and thrive.
Plenty of bones to chew on keeps the teeth free from tartar
and promotes a sound and healthy condition of the teeth.

How to Feed.

Always separate dogs at feeding times, especially Airedales,
as even ‘‘pals’ will get unruly over a toothsome panful. The
safest plan, if your stall room will not permit of separating
them singly, is to chain up at feeding time’ those disposed to
make trouble and take away all leavings, especially bones.

Approximate Cost.

The cost of kennel feed is in this manner reduced to a
minimum, fuel, no small item, entirely eliminated, also the
daily necessity of the meat market, with its present high prices
of meat. From fifty cents to one dollar per month per head
is the average cost of feeding a kennel of Airedales in any
number on this diet, and the best part of it is their excellent
physical condition, hard in muscle, right in flesh, always feeling
active and alert, and no sick or ailing dogs.

What these dog owners, among the hundreds that are
using the diet recommended herein, say for it is noteworthy.

“Dear Sir: Since reading your book, I have fed and raised
all my Airedales on rolled oats, soy bean meal and bran, some-
times fed raw and sometimes boiled, with a little meat or fish.
I feed three times a day. The pups do fine on it, and the way
they fight over it, they must like it.

“Dungeness, Wash., January, HOM. AL. WYLDE.”’

“Dear Sir: I have been using the dog food you so kindly
advised me about for the past nine months and I find it the
most desirable dog food I have ever used in my kennels in the
past ten years, since I have been breeding setters. My four
dcgs are in the best possible condition, both in coat and gen-
eral health, and I want to say right now if coat and condition
could win prizes, I would take from first novice to best in the
show. The credit I give to your ‘method’ of feeding.

“Seattle, January 11, 1918. D. W. ALVERSON.”

FEEDING 4

i]

—$—<——_.._________.._..

Retrieving Ducks with an Airedale

Culbertson Interloper at work; the property of Mr. H. V. Shaw,
Edmonton, Canada. Mr. Shaw is the pioneer breeder of Airedales
in) the Canadian Northwest and an ardent sportsman in hunting
game with his Airedales.

50 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Champion Master Briar

One of the most influential sires in the improvement of the breed
in England and America, whose blood is a prominent factor in
many of the present-day champions and winners.

CHAPTER V.

BREEDING.

History Shows Its Steady Progress.

Since the days of Pompeii, when
dogs were then, as now, ofttimes
family idols, such that their like-
nesses are today seen in the costly
mosaic wall decorations, as re-
vealed in the archives of the
homes of inhabitants of that
period which the recovery of the

buried treasures of the long hid-

Champion Red Raven’s’ den city has unearthed, the fancy

Head for the caring and the breeding of
such dogs as different nations
have found occasion to cherish has been a steadily advancing
interest for the human race, varying in degree of intelligent
development in accordance with the enlightenment of the
nation. Hach nation has its favorite breed, peculiarly adapted
for its usage or fancy. This indisputable human tendency in
every corner of the globe to find something in the companion-
ship of dog-life, of more than common interest, is noteworthy
as being responsible for the breeding of the many distinct
varieties of the present day up to their varying stages of
perfection.

Kings and queens, lords and princes, merchants and mill-
hands, indians and esquimaux, and all other elements of the
great body of citizenship that make up the nations of the
world have for centuries been vieing with each other in the
zest of rivalry for intelligent improvement in the breeding of
their favorite breeds. The human race everywhere is prone to
pleasurable recreation and sport. Fondness for the companion-
ship of dogs was followed by their being made useful in vari-
ous pursuits, from the early days when “the dogs of war’”’
were chronicled in Roman annals, to the development of their
game-hunting instincts in all countries, or their use in the
sled teams of the North, and it is to the sled-dogs of the north-
ern countries that the world owes an everlasting debt as hav-
ing made travel possible and wealth untold in extent within
human reach.

The underlying reason for this universal interest in the
advancement of the breeding of dogs is plain. Humanity

52 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

craves varying forms of recreation, and in so many of these
the companionship or usefulness of a dog is so much in demand
and necessary. The dynasties of the Orient have devoted much
pleasurable recreation to perfecting breeds that appeal to the
limitations of the rarest pets for companionship, and this for
centuries. The continental European nations have likewise
perfected a large number of breeds, for both companionship
and sport. The English-speaking people of the world have
shown their zeal in breeding to a higher stage of perfection a
larger number of breeds than any other nationalities.

Wherever one goes, the world over, you find the wealthy
classes taking pleasure in supporting and maintaining large
kennels and the middle classes breeding within their limita-
tions, and singularly enough the greatest strides in perfecting
the standards of the breeds is attributable to the fanciers
among the middle classes, whose ambitions seem ever keen to
produce something better all the time.

Recreation and a Hobby.

Who is more to be pitied in his unhappy state than the
man without a hobby? Many find their hobby in fancy stock
raising, cattle, horses, etc., for racing or exhibition. Our
communities are annually supporting in their patronage of
fairs and exhibitions the progress made in competitive breed-
ing, for all sorts of livestock. Poultry breeding likewise has
become a science. The discerning breeding of one’s favorite
breed in dogs has become also a recreative pleasure and
pastime that appeals to one and all alike whether indulged in
on an extensive scale on a country estate or within the con-
fines of city life. Therefore what hobby deserves higher popu-
larity than the unselfish pastime of improving a standard
breed of dogs, especially when made profitable in the successful
achievement of its aims or ambitions?

The history of the advancement in the betterment of dog
breeding shows that it has included among its devotees the
acknowledged leading lights of the world, in royalty, letters,
arts, professions of science and pedagogy, and scions of the
business world.

In that classic tale ‘“Stickeen, The Story of a Dog,” by
John Muir, America’s most famous naturalist, is seen what
can be found in a dog’s character by keen human observation
and the closing lines of the author, ‘“‘To me Stickeen is im-
mortal,’ reveals an estimate of what under emergencies de-
veloped in his close association with a worthy dog.

Prof. George Herbert Palmer, formerly Professor of Phil-
osophy at Harvard University, wrote the following ethical com-
parison and estimate of a dog’s worth to mankind:

“A good dog has a nobleness which calls out respect and
honor as well as liking. In us all, there are two opposing

BREEDING 53

tendencies, one of which the cat embodies, the other the dog.
On the one hand we each study our own comfort, convenience
and advancement, using those about us as means to these ends
of our own. While on the other hand we often give ourselves
up to some worthy cause or person and find all our powers
brought out best through loyal devotion to it or him. This
is the way with the cat and dog. The cat is so frank in the
use of everybody and things about her for her own use that
she becomes positively interesting, and her dependence fascin-
ates. But the dog is just a skinful of devotion and when he
has once given himself to his master, hardship, neglect, or
even harsh words will not stop his utter loss of himself in his
master’s interest. I always feel myself humiliated in the
presence of a noble dog.’’

A Definite Purpose.

Airedales are destined to always interest those who wish
to become familiar with a breed perfected as it already is to a
higher state of versatility than any other known breed.

In breeding Airedales one must continually have a
defined purpose in considering and deciding on each mating.
If the breeder finds that the purchaser of his surplus stock
desires show type, he should spare no expense in getting a
constantly improved type in this respect. If the demands on
the kennel are for general utility and working or hunting
stock, the matings should be planned with this end chiefly
in view.

Mr. J..A. Graham, in “‘Sporting Dogs,’’ writes: ‘‘There is
an inexorable law—which tends unceasingly to a reproduction
of the average quality of a breed. It constantly pulls upward
to the average and constantly pulls down. Perpetuating aver-
ages is not only threatening but it is ever present and eternal.
It is the law which the ‘breeder must recognize and reckon
with. His wonderful winners will come along occasionally,
but he must understand that whatever his breeding stock, he
does very well if he gets results up to a good standard.’’

There is much variance in the temperaments found in
Airedales, similarly as in Pointers and Setters. In some Aire-
dales the terrier characteristics predominate, in others they
are less in evidence and the quieter disposition is prominent,
with the desire to hunt strongly manifested. Show dogs are
not bred from the more houndy types. If one wants to breed
show winners, it is first necessary for the breeder to be a
constant and accurate student of the winning type, and then
breed for it by acquiring such individuals as appoach the
ideal. The breeder is losing too much valuable time in trying
to breed up mediocre stock to an approach to show type, by
eradicating faults that may predominate in his stock. It is
more profitable to immediately have available for use some

54 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

distinctly good show type, by purchase from a breeder who has
been successful in winning with his dogs at leading shows
where strong competition is met with. Some of the most noted
show champions in Airedales have been grand hunting dogs as
well, and proved their gameness wherever tried. Other noted
individuals have likely never had the chance to show their
qualifications in hunting but would likely have proved them-
selves had they been given the chance, for their offspring, as it
is bred on, invariably shows the characteristics of the breed.

One can’t lay down any iron-clad rule for successful breed-
ing, for it must necessarily be a matter of experience in Ob-
serving results. Certain sires are particularly successful in
reproducing their own splendid characteristics, while the pro-
duce of others gains more of the individuality of the dam. In
the West the preponderance in the demand for Airedales is
from those who, while they are capable of appreciating real
good type in contrast to ordinary specimens, demand in an
Airedale primarily a dog whose breeding endows him with the
fundamental useful characteristics. The leading eastern and
western breeders are all the time acquiring by purchase im-
ported individuals of prominent reputation to enhance the
value and comparative merits in the standard type of their
stock, whereas the individual who is to use the Airedale for
his practical utility may look more to hunting ambition, keen
scenting powers, a robust physique, large size yet built for
speed in the chase, an easy mover, alertness at all times, good
bone, a dense enduring coat and withal a dog of intense grit
and the brains that an Airedale always carries with it. Such
an Airedale when sent to one attracted to the breed by what
he may have read about its sterling worth, and one who has
perhaps owned other disappointing breeds, ‘‘makes good,”
and one can readily account for the tremendous demand for
this class of Airedale the world over by the fact that the
Airedale continually and consistently ‘‘makes good’? wherever
given a chance to show his wonderful versatility in adapting
himself to any situation.

Breeding should thus always have its object and by selec-
tion be made dependable. If you want hunting dogs, you will

be more likely to get the best results from breeding to the
tried and proved hunting Airedale, than chancing a litter from
a dog of great reputation as a sire of winners. But for the
steady improvement and bettering of type in which all Aire-
dale fanciers are so keenly interested, we can’t get too much of
the breeding from dogs who have made great reputations in
all parts of the world, for such superiority of individualism
and type is the only source for the breed’s constant better-
ment and advancement. ‘‘Every dog has his day’’ is only too
true, and breeders must be quick to grasp opportunities to get
the breeding of famous dogs as they are made available, and

BREEDING 55

thus acquire for their own future use improvements in type
and keep on doing likewise, as other future opportunities de-
velop. Bear always in mind that the results of your matings
will tend to perpetuate all strong dominant characteristics of
the immediate parentage and for the next preceding two or
three generations of ancestors and where dominant features of
type or character are found in both sire and dam, these will
be accentuated in the progeny.

The Sire.

A stud dog is generally fertile as a sire at ten or eleven
months of age. If a dog commends himself sufficiently to
use him in breeding, his life should be planned with this in
view. If good enough to send to shows, he should be kept
before the public eye. If a keen hunter, he should be hunted
as much as possible and worked on any sort of field work, to
develop his education in this line. Close confinement is in-
jurious to a stud dog, as his temper becomes irritable, and he
perhaps soon develops a bad habit of amusing himself daily
by running up and down his kennel yard run, and barking at
any possible object of interest. Freedom and companionship
is of more vital importance for a good sire than for the brood
matron, though her temperament is likewise best developed
by association and companionship.

Line Breeding and Inbreeding.

Line breeding has been the underlying strength in per-
petuating -Airedale characteristics. Follow back most any
present-day pedigree and you will find one of the chief foun-
tain heads on each side of the parentage to be Champion
Master Briar. Again the matings of his famous son, Champion
Clonmell Monarch, are continually doubled up in “line breed-
ing,’’ which is the mating of half brother to half sister or
even closer consanguinity, as in this pedigree, for example:
Strathallen Solace (Clonmell Monarch x Clonmell Winnefreda)
mated to his half sister Clonmell St. Catherine (Clonmell Mon-
arch x Clonmell Kitty), produced the Crystal Palace winner,
Cherry Royal. Again, Ch. Tone Masterpiece (Master Briar x
Houston Nell), mated to his half sister Tone Betty (Master
Briar x Walton Nellie), produced Champion Tone Chief, at one
time the most noted Airedale in England. Champion Master
Briar mated to his own granddaughter Enchantress (she hav-
ing a double cross of line breeding of the blood of Ch. Clonmel]
Marvel) produced one of the best Airedales that ever lived,
Champion Mistress Royal.

The reason for this is plain. The intelligent breeder wants
to maintain all he can of the type and character of a noted
sire or dam. In mating half-brother and sister, that have the

56 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

same sire but from different dams, the produce having the
strengthening double cross of their grandsire will naturally
retain a more distinctive influence of this parentage of their
ancestry in their physical type. Such breeding has been re-
sponsible for the maintenance and enhancement of particularly
good type in many matings in Airedales. It is simply the
doubling up of the influence that an extra good sire or dam will
exert in the additional percentage of ancestral breeding or
inheritance involved. Even closer inbreeding is occasionally
advocated by enthusiasts on the subject, such as brother and
sister, where the object is to retain strong characteristics that
both brother and sister have to a marked degree, when neither
has any bad defects. The same may be said of breeding the
sire to his offspring. Some claim this will produce the very
best, and look upon whiat are known as cold matings, namely,
mating individuals of totally different ancestry as risky experi-
ments. This is a subject that there must always be a wide
divergence of views concerning. The breeder who succeeds
even with close inbreeding points to an illustrious result as
being a case of ‘‘nothing succeeds like success.’? While unques-
tionably successful at times, in cases that have come under the
writer’s observation, only a small percentage of the produce
is normally vigorous and satisfactory, whereas in line-breeding,
the physical robustness is not impaired and type is materially
strengthened. The best reputation to judge a sire by is to
follow closely the career of some fair representatives of his
progeny from two or more bitches.

So eminent a student and authority on this subject as
James Watson advocated inbreeding, to-wit: ‘The inbreeding
I advocate is inbreeding to ancestry type, irrespective of con-
sanguinity, that, coupled with soundness of constitution in the
dog and his relations. If you cannot get this type in any out-
side kennel backed up by ancestry, stick to your own dogs.
If you go outside and introduce something foreign, something
different from your own, you will _ muddle things by
crossing what you have in your dogs.” ‘An outside sire is
probably far more likely to transmit the qualities you would
especially seek to avoid than to give you the benefit of his
desirable points.”

Desirable dominating features are to be carefully ait
vated and should be permanently retained by continual special-
ized selections, or in Mr. Watson’s words, ‘‘To establish type,
you must concentrate.”

The Dam.

Study your brood matron well and with full knowledge of
her points of deficiency contrasted with the standard require-
ments of the ideal, mate her to a sire that is particularly strong

BREEDING 57

where her type can be improved. For example, if a brood bitch
is soft and fluffy in coat, mate her to an extra sound coated
male. If light in bone, then to a heavy-boned dog. If light
or large in eye, then select a stud with dark and small eye. If
she is weak in muzzle and foreface, but yet has good length
or head, when mated to a dog particularly strong in jaw and
foreface, the litter will tend to show the improvement desired.
Light eyes seem to be a commonly found deficiency in the
Airedale and some of the champion sires East and West have
had the light eye, but this slight deficiency in the hands of
careful breeders will steadily be more and more eliminated.

It is safer to cling to breeding one knows the tendencies
of and try only occasionally outside or cold blood in the use
of a stud dog whose parentage is little known.

The brood matron should be selected with great care. In-
tense nervous temperaments are not to be desired. They suc-
ceed better in the show ring or in the life of the hunting pack.
The ideal brood matron is a most valuable asset to a kennel..
She should be extra good in size, as perfect in type as obtain-
able and if experienced in the game field so much the better;
docile in temperament, the kind that will let her pups eat all
her food pan without resentment. There is a great difference
in the ability and disposition of brood matrons in caring for
their litters.

Airedales are commonly prolific breeders, some bitches
whelping ten to twelve each litter, while others average eight
or nine for several litters. One well-kKnown dam (Bearwood
Bloom) whelped three litters within twelve months and raised
thirty-five puppies from the three. This is out of the ordinary.

An Airedale bitch matures as a rule later than other breeds
and her first breeding season generally does not appear until
twelve to fifteen months of age, and with some individuals not
until eighteen months of age. It is customary for a bitch to
come in season four months to the day regularly from the date
of her first period, except when mated, and then it is usual for
her to come in again when her litter is six months old. In-
stances are not infrequent, however, in which the brood matron
has another litter to care for in six months from the date of
her previous litter. Individuals differ and have to be watched.

When your bitch begins to menstruate, she should be
chained up in some safe place, preferably a loft or room up
off the ground. Such an arrangement avoids all accidental
misalliances, which while harmless as far as any influence or
marking of future litters is concerned, result in a needless
waste of time and opportunity considering the comparatively
limited period of a matron’s years of breeding, generally eight
or nine years. The confinement also keeps away the annoy-
ance of uninvited strange dogs.

58 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

If the bitch is to be bred, she should be mated on or about
the twelfth day. One good mating is generally sufficient, but
to avoid misses, it is a good plan to mate her again two days
following first mating. When a bitch resents the advances of
a stud, she is not ready for breeding. Some require patience
in time allowed to become friendiy with her mate. A stud
should not be left in confinement with bitch more than one
hour’s time. Most bitches should be held by collar securely
to avoid strains. In a week’s time after being mated, she is
usually safe again. To be sure, try her on-lead, in company
with other dogs. If she snaps at their advances, she is safe,
but should not be given too much liberty.

If the bitch is not mated, her confinement period should be
twenty-one to twenty-five days. Individuals vary greatly in
this respect.

Too many breeders are unmindful of the care of the brood
matron after mating, with the resultant disappointment of later
on losing either a goodly portion or all of the litter. The
mortality of Airedale puppies is undoubtedly great and it is
doubtful if one-half of the number of puppies whelped each
year live to maturity, as from various causes, their chances
are slim to successfully tide over the many pitfalls to be en-
countered when in the hands of inexperienced owners. Not
long ago, the writer noticed an advertisement from the largest
kennel on high-class Airedales in America, wanting an assistant
whose duties should be simply the raising of puppies. One
common mistake is to keep the brood matron too closely con-
fined to either a kennel or a back yard. When limited to such
a daily life, while she may whelp a litter large in number, a
good half or more will prove to be weaklings and likely die
off the first week. The brood matron that is given plenty of
daily exercise, hunting, etc., keeps her system in the best of
shape, out-of-door life giving her circulatory system plenty of
red blood-corpuscles and in consequence her puppies are strong
and vigorous and she can raise every pup she whelps, while a
bitch kept too close up, confined to the household a good deal
and allowed to get too fat will whelp small puny pups, the
weakest of which are lost soon after whelping. When one is
by this neglect wasting good material, breeding is better placed
into more careful hands. This is the cause of so many large
kennels failing to raise ~uppies successfully. There are so
many bitches tc care for. they are not given much exercise and
live a life of close confinement, which always leads to condi-
tions that do not support strong litters. Red blood-corpuscles
are nurtured Lest by a healthy free out-of-door life, in which
fatty tissues do not secrete too much at the expense of the
ofispring. ‘The sinall breeder and fancier who breeds only an
occasionai litter cr two kas a better chance of raising strong

BREEDING 59

robust puppies than the breeder who ha3 raore litters on head
all the time than he can properly provide and care for.

A strong robust bitch can be mated her first season and
thereafter once a year with no impairment to her health, if
given proper care and attention. <A bitch that is to be bred
regularly for kennel use, can’t be shown to advantage very
cften, as following the weaning of each litter, a bitch sheds
her coat, and the growth of her new coat requires due time,
so she would be in show condition in this respect but about
half of each year.

The period of gestation is sixty-three to sixty-five days.
She should be fed moderately strong with meat and bone food
during pregnancy and treated with vermifuge if needed.
Within a week of her whelping time, she should be given quar-
ters, away from all other dogs.

Whelping Quarters.

The whelping quarters should preferably be roomy, with
exercising yard adjoining. If in warm weather, it is better to
allow her to make her own nest on the ground under cover,
where she will dig out a hole of moderate depth instinctively
and thus nurse the litter with greater ease, by being able to
get over them better. The coolness of the ground keeps the
pups from getting over warm in hot weather and is far safer
than a slippery floor of wood, on which puppies can’t get a
footing to nurse. Do not use straw in hot weather in whelping
quarters, aS puppies will by working their noses down into it,
smother from lack of sufficient air. If in the cooler months
of the year, she should be given a corner on some floor well
above the ground, spread straw down three or four inches
deep, and then tack burlaps over it, enclosing the nest with
twelve-inch boards, allowing at least five feet square. Bed
with coarse planings in which has been mixed a little
slacked powdered lime, which should be freely dusted over
floor of the enclosure where litter is to be kept. Hang burlaps
down from above to keep the cold drafts off. If very cold
weather is encountered at such a period, hang one or two
barn lanterns inside the pen high enough up to be out of the
bitch’s immediate way. These kept lighted will take the chill
off of the pen, and give enough heat to overcome most cold
snaps. Heated kennels are, of course, a luxury, but not neces-
sary. A good brood bitch is the best heat generator for her
litter and she will bring them through any kind of weather
if cared for and fed. In winter, success in keeping puppies
from being chilled is assured by confining bitch to good sized
and ventilated dry-goods box, in which her body-heat keeps
litter warm, with temperature well below freezing. She needs
no assistance at time of whelping, except a pan of fresh water
available. The day before whelping, a bitch refuses all food.

60 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

A litter of ten is whelped in about ten hours, though at times
on the following day another puppy will be added to a litter.
After whelping, it is well to have a pan of milk accessible, and
she should, from then on, be fed regularly boiled rolled oats
and rich milk in the morning, and plenty of a mixed diet
three times each day. A meat and broth diet makes nutriti-
ous milk for the nursing litter and the puppies grow up
strong and healthy. A bitch fed regularly and liberally on this
diet will nurse her entire litter until two and three months of
age. If you slacken her diet, you must feed the pups entirely
so much the sooner. Some breeders advocate early feeding,
beginning when the litter is three weeks old. The writer has
had many years of experience and tried both methods and has
invariably had better results by feeding the bitch strong and
the pups not earlier than four or five weeks, or in some cases
even six weeks of age.

Let the litter eat from the mother’s food pan each time
she is fed and the intestinal assimilation of the puppies is
gradually in this manner strengthened by the digestive prop-
erties of the mother’s milk added to the food. Puppies when
a month or five weeks old should be getting nicely accustomed
to solid food rations. There need be no special weaning period,
as the litter is getting its regular nourishment additional to
nursing, for several weeks before the dam’s milk supply
ceases. This method maintains a better disposition in the
dam towards her puppies and avoids too strenuous use of her
glands and averts sore breasts.

Should the brood bitch from accident or other cause lose
her litter, and have to be dried up, her breasts should be
rubbed daily with camphorated oil or vinegar and water, and
she should be fed dry food. Caked breasts are due to care-
lessness and inattention to a bitch’s full breast. Milking full
breasts is sometimes necessary to bring relief. Secure one
puppy from another litter of similar age and all trouble soon
ceases. When puppies are past a month old, a brood bitch’s
breasts sometimes become quite sore from scratches of the
vigorous puppies in their efforts to get a full flow of milk.
When this is the case, take the bitch away from the pups
and put any good healing salve on the affected parts (witch
hazel salve is good) and allow her to nurse pups but once or
twice daily for a couple of days, until she is right again.

Quarters where litter is kept should be provided with a
large box or bench, high enough off the ground to permit the
mother to get up away from litter when desired for rest.

CHAPTER VI.

PUPPIES: THEIR CARE, HOW TO FEED AND RAISE
THEM SUCCESSFULLY.

Color and Coat.

Airedale puppies when
born are black in color,
with tan feet and general-
ly a small tan spot over
eyes and a little tan at
muzzle. The experienced
eye can detect the future
coat and color the first
day. The light or dark
shade of tan, as it may be,
changes but little, but the
placement of the tan
markings gradually con-
tinues to extend itself
during the first six or
seven months until the
head, ears and legs be-

Five-months-old Puppy, nicely come nearly all tan and

trained to show on lead. the shoulders and thighs

(Courtesy P. Bawden) tan up to a joining of the

body or _ saddle _ color,

which may be grizzle or badger black or solid black. Many

of the winning types of Airedales only a few years ago, and

the majority of early notables in the breed, were of the lighter

and grizzle colors, sometimes grayish blues; some fanciers

today prefer the grizzle color to the darker shades, but in

recent years there has been a popular demand for the darker
saddle and rich red tan.

This is largely a matter of personal fancy and taste. Our
well-known American judge, Mr. Theodore Offerman, writes of
asking, while in England, an officiating judge at a leading
skow there, how they judged the bad colored ones, and re-
ceived the reply, ‘‘All things being equal, the black-backed
ones would win, but a good Airedale couldn’t be a bad-colored
one.’’

The puppy’s coat when a day old indicates much of its
future character. The rough ones are seen in the kinky and
wrinkled coats and the shorter and smoother coats are in
evidence at the start. Occasionally Airedale litters have puppies

62 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

with noticeably smooth coats. The permanently short, smooth
coat is likely due to a reversion to inherited terrier blood.
Such pups are not valued as show types, but when used in
breeding to offset the other extreme, namely a shaggy coat in
which is profusely mingled soft, silky ‘‘fluff,’? it becomes a
valuable factor in correcting what may be the only serious
defect in an otherwise excellent individual type.

Care of Litter.

The less a litter is handled, the better for all concerned.
The puppies should never be handled with cold hands or lifted
by the legs or nape of neck. Always hold in palm of hand.
The brood bitch herself is their best caretaker, and her in-
stinctive guardianship looks after all their needs, cleaning them
continually with her tongue, and disposing of all fouling of
their nest.

If the litter after the first day is quiet, conclude they were
born with ample vigor and started off in life well nourished,
which is the best asset for a litter. When a litter is not car-
ried nine weeks loss of weaklings is to be expected. When a
puppy is not getting enough nourishment or is cold or ailing,
it cries until its condition is righted. Some believe in raising
a surplus pup or two on a nursing bottle. Once tried is
enough for most anyone, as it is a day and night task, and
generally results in over-feeding and the loss of the puppy.

Should the litter by accident be exposed to chill the first
day or two, and a pup be found pushed aside and stiffened out
with no evidence of life remaining in it, take it to the oven of
the kitchen stove, and wrap it up in warm clothing, being
careful to see that it does not get burned, and it is almost
miraculous how heat will resuscitate the apparently hopeless
little one, and soon the pup, if strong otherwise, will be breath-
ing and crying for food.

A good mother, heavily fed on a meat diet while carrying
her litter, will raise every pup she whelps, no matter how large
the litter, especially if a cow happens to be handy and she is
also fed a moderate milk and cooked rolled oats diet. Some
matrons will lose half of their litter during first ten days.
This may be due to the scant care of the matron after being
mated, or in cases of young bitches, the supply of milk in
glands is deficient. To stimulate a full supply of milk in
glands, feed copiously cooked rolled oats and rich milk two
or three weeks before whelping and continue while litter is
being nursed. Daily exercise of the mother is necessary, as the
specially rich diet given to assist her litter is a very heating
one to the blood, and unless plenty of regular exercise is given
her while nursing litter, the skin is likely to break out in
spots, due to an over-heated system.

PUPPIES: THEIR CARE 63

Should one have reasons for not wishing to raise more than
six or seven of a litter, it is necessary to either provide in
advance for a foster mother or dispose of the surplus in some ©
humane manner. Any sort of a bitch that is due to whelp
within a week previous to your litter is worth buying to raise
extra pups with, and the change is easily arranged by being
careful to see that the foster mother acquiesces and accepts
the new foundlings, before leaving them with her. It is always
safer to first discard all of her litter, and after she has been
without her nursing pups for a couple of days she is made far
more comfortable by having other puppies to nurse than by
having to be dried up.

The writer once had a setter bitch adopt a single puppy
whose dam was taken from it because of illness. The setter

Betty Marvel and her charges. Which does she like best?

had no litter of her own at the time, but it happened to be
about the time her litter would have been due had she whelped,
and she took complete possession of the foundling, nursed it
most carefully and cared for it as if her own. The remarkable
feature here was the fact that the milk glands seemingly at
once developed a sufficient supply of milk to support her
mothering instinct. Such cases are out of the ordinary.

The most humane method for the disposal of surplus pups
is to either stun them, or bucket them, by taking one pail half

?

64 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

full of water and after placing them therein putting another
pail that fits in over the water air-tight. Leave them a long
time, as it not infrequently happens that the ash barrel will
unexpectedly show signs of life in its refuse, from the contents
of the pail being thrown out too soon, as fresh air, even in an
ash barrel, is a wonderful resuscitator of a day-old pup.

The straw of the nest should be padded well up around the
edges to keep the puppies from getting behind the mother’s
back and there smothered or chilled. Caution: Visit litter
often the first day of whelping to see that’ no puppies get
smothered. Removing puppies when dry to warm quarters in
cevered box or basket until matron is entirely through whelp-
ing is a good custom. Shake powdered sulphur all over the
floor of the nest as it keeps the fleas from accumulating
therein. Puppies that survive the first three days are safe for
the first four or five weeks under ordinarily favorable condi-
tions. The litter is therefore best let alone, and do not handle
much. Bitches are capable of showing eccentricities in the
care of litters and should be annoyed and disturbed as little
as possible. If left on their own responsibilities they seem to
do better, and the writer has known of instances where too
much attention to a litter has resulted in a case seemingly of
the bitch concluding that her services are not needed. and she
quits their care and leaves them to the tender mercies of the
helping owner. A brood matron is intensely proud of her family
of little ones, and they are safe at all times under her sole
charge. It seems hardly necessary to caution an owner to
keep all other mature dogs away from a litter, yet if one is
not careful, losses will occur by advances from other dogs,
especially other bitches, that are frequently disposed to be
jealous of the newcomers and will try to possess or kill them.

Docking Tails.

The first real care the litter will need, which the mother
can’t supply, is the docking of the tails. An Airedale not
docked is an abomination to the eyesight and does not pass
muster anywhere. If a terrier, then the breed must have the
accepted form, similarly as a hackney is molded in appearance
and gait to suit fashion or custom. Docking should be done
when tle litter is two or three weeks old. A sharp pair of
scissors is all that is needed for the task. First remove the
bitch to other quarters. Then have each pup held by an
assistant if convenient, and cut off squarely a little less than
one-half of the length of tail at the time. The scissors should
be slanted a bit, top blade toward point of tail. There will be
but little or no loss of blood and no fatalities if left alone tc
the mother’s tongue for treatment. Never put on salve or any
healing aids. In less than a week they will be nicely healed.

PUPPIES: THEIR CARE 65

Docking may be done successfully at any age, but it is not so
easy atask. If ever necessary in a matured dog, use a pair of
concave game cutting shears, freshly sharpened, or a very
sharp chisel and mallet. The bleeding from this operation is
profuse and best retarded by a bandage, which the dog will
work off in a day or so. Then keep him confined in separate
quarters until healed, for a tender tail makes a dog irritable.
In all docking, the cut should be a good clean one, and not
one to draw any tendons, which tends to either result in a
drooped tail or to make it squirrel-like, depending upon which
set of tendons is disturbed. In rare cases of crooked tails,
docking is the only remedy, even though the result be a very
short appendage. The common error to make in docking is
to take off too much, and get the tail too short. A properly
docked tail will, during puppy days, look unseemingly long,
and only when the animal is well past a year old and has his
full growth and development can one judge as to the sym-
metrical length of the docked tail. The English fashion is
for an exceptionally long tail, while the American custom has
been to cut them too short. The fashion is settling down now
to a tail of good medium length, and taking off a little less
than half as pups will give the right length, and if you err at
all, err on the safe side, and then months later it is a simple
matter to shorten it more to fashion or taste, whereas a tail
that is docked too short must always so remain, a blemish in
the individual’s appearance. The tail when carried erect in a
matured dog should at its end be about level with the top of
skull. :

Vermifuge, When Given.

The next attention of importance which the litter needs is
when about a month or six weeks old. Each puppy should
then be given vermifuge to help expel the commonly found
round or tape worm, which infest puppy life in all breeds of
dogs no matter how careful and cleanly one may be with the
brood bitch and her quarters. If the litter is not treated in
this manner, your troubles will begin right here, and it is a
whole lot easier to avoid trouble in the beginning than to be
pestered with the complications of the illnesses to which wormy
pups are prone later on. Some breeders give vermifuge at
two weeks of age successfully, but it should be in very limited
doses. Three or four weeks is early enough for ordinary lit-
ters, and a good custom is to give first vermifuge treatment
after the litter has been pan-fed for a couple of weeks and
shows signs of good assimilation of food. Use what has been
found effective and safe by others of your acquaintance in
any of the vermifuge preparations, specially put up for the
purpose and advertised, as far safer and better than home-

66 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

made preparations, which are generally the result of hearsay
prescription, the strength of which is generally more adapted
for a horse than a tender pup of weaning age. The writer
was once advised to give a teaspoonful of turpentine to a
puppy by a dog fancier who claimed to have used the dose
most successfully. Before giving the dose, an inquiry deter-
mined that a dose one-fourth this amount was most too liberal,
and the recommended dose was enough to impair the condition
of the kidneys. There is but one successful method of raising
pups and that is to keep a supply of vermifuge on hand all
the time, and keep constantly after them; and don’t expect
to eradicate tapeworm with vermifuge that is prepared spe-
cially for the round worm. Reference to Chapter VIII will
give valuable information on this phase of this subject. After
giving vermifuge, it is important to examine feces and see the
results if any. Vermifuge should be repeated every two weeks
regularly until the puppy is three months old and thereafter
at stated intervals of rarely less than once each month. The
common error with all new hands is to assume their puppies
are \all right because they look so well and seem so well
nourished and healthy. They little dream that underlying
these seemingly outward signs of physical perfection, there is
a tussle on within the stomach’s walls and the mesenteric
system, which takes on the semblance of a fight for life, the
worm fighting to get all the nutriment its colonies of parasites
need to live, thrive and increase on from the limited supply
the puppy gets and the worms are bound to get all they need
before the pup gets its needful assimilation of nutriment. The
worms are always there, for what purpose no sage has yet
told us. Extermination is thus the only course, as they are
certainly a constant pest to all breeders and dogs as well, and
the only protection one has is to everlastingly keep after them
as urged herein. The writer recommends the use of the liquid
vermifuge as safest, as in it the worm killing and poisonous
medium is in solution with castor oil. If pills or capsules are
used, always follow same one hour later with a dose of castor
oil or salts.

Weaning and Feeding Puppies.

When the litter is one month old, the owner must use his
or her judgment as to when the puppies need additional
nourishment. If the dam has been fed daily as suggested, she
will keep the litter strong and fat until almost six weeks old,
but if her nourishment begins to slacken or she gets irritable
in the care of her litter, begin to feed puppies once a day for
a week, then twice and three times daily. It is of great bene-
fit to allow puppies to nurse as long as possible after being
pan-fed, for the mother’s milk is the best aid to digestion and

PUPPIES: THEIR CARE 67

assimilation. The writer first uses rolled oats mush and milk
and the broth from boiled beef and mutton, lean at first, and
later on stronger in fats, in which bread is soaked. The use
of canned mutton broth is excellent diluted to proper strength.
One should be careful not to place it before the puppies until
cool enough. Feed not more than four or five pups to a shal-
low pan, replenishing as they clean it up. This is the easiest
way to get backward pups into lapping liquid food. They will
balk at first, but dipping their noses into it will soon get them
interested.

This is not only an ideal diet and food for pups, but is a
wonderful diet for promoting rapid growth and development.
The best physical development the writer ever saw in a litter
of Airedales was one which had never tasted cow’s milk, bread
or cereals in any form. They were weaned on soup, and fed
boiled meats, bones and fats, regularly two or three times each

What Brick did to'a French Bull

Mr. Henry Jewett Greene’s (Worcester, Mass.) Airedale puppy,
Winner at N. E. Show, at seven months of age resenting the
intrusion of a French Bull on his home premises.

day until five months old, and in stature they were the equal
of the average Airedale at eight months of age. Such boiled
food should be salted. The reason for the results is evident.
A dog in its native state craves and subsists largely on animal
food, and is a scant vegetarian, so puppies should thrive en-
tirely on their natural diet. In the life of wild animals, and
with many good matrons, at weaning time, when the nursing
milk supply begins to dry up, the mother returns to her
nest, having hunted up flesh food of some kind, and after
grinding it well up with her good teeth, has the faculty of
retaining it in her stomach until partially digested, and then

68 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

calls her young about her by silent sign, vomiting the contents
of her stomach up for their hearty appetites. This is fre-
quently seen in Airedales, and is evidence of a fine brood bitch.
If a breeder of Airedales wants to raise the big-boned, big-
statured, the big-all-over kind, follow the above method
rigidly and you will succeed without half trying.

When using milk, the chill should be taken off from it, aim-
ing to get it about the temperature of the stomach. If cow’s
milk is not available, the condensed canned article is just as
serviceable, in fact better than skimmed cow’s milk or cow’s
milk, which in summer time is likely to have turned a bit
sour. Canned milk having been pasteurized is freer from
bacterial life and a most wholesome diet for dogs. The con-
densed article should be properly thinned with warm water,
as it is too rich fed without considerable diluting. To one
part of milk add one of water. The use of puppy meal when
the litter is being weaned, given with milk, will be found very
satisfactory. Watch the litter for the first two or three days
and observe carefully if the change of diet is assimilating
properly. This is always readily detected by noticing the
feces. If there is any continued tendency to looseness of the
bowels, matterated, or grayish feces, give each a dose of castor
oil, followed by a lighter diet. Over-feeding puppies causes
much unnecessary trouble. Feed little and often and never
allow them to bloat, but rather regulate the quantity of food
given by a good healthy appetite decently satisfied, allowing
for each puppy fed a measure of food equal to an estimate of
the size of the stomach. Always take feed pan away, if not
cleaned up, and do not leave food about to become stale, or
sour and fly-blown.

Fresh cow’s milk, warm from the cow, is excellent for
puppies at weaning age, for a week or two, but should not be
continued too long until something more substantial is added
thereto. Once or twice a week a fill-up of buttermilk or sour
milk clabber is excellent for growing pups and the whole
kennel, and frees the system of conditions in which intestinal
parasites thrive.

It is not unusual to find one puppy declining to eat when
the others eat heartily. Separate such a puppy from the litter,
giving castor oil and nothing to eat for six hours, then broth

and a very slight diet for a day, aiming to rest the system.
The use of subnitrate of bismuth is here indicated. The con-
dition is an intestinal disturbance, due to toxine poison created
by mal-assimilation of food. After the castor oil cleansing
give two or three times daily one compound tablet of charcoal,
pepsin and bismuth (or magnesia, pepsin and bismuth), or once
daily a pinch of flower of sulphur, in food, until the feces
become normal again.

PUPPIES: THEIR CARE 69

The most dependable diet for the second month is boiled
rolled oats. When cooked, stiffen with bran, and add finely
ground bone meal and bread crusts, with enough milk to make
it attractive. Increase the solids gradually until three-fourths
of the ration, and the milk used is but a covering for it, to
make it more tasty. Raw eggs well stirred into this ration
once a day are a splendid dependence during the first month
of pan feeding. Puppies should be fed three times daily until
three months old. Do not feed too rich food; it bloats the
stomach and causes indigestion, and makes conditions most
favorable for intestinal worms. Add to this diet once or twice
a week finely powdered charcoal and your pups will thrive, if
not fed over much. By the time a litter is two months old,
if they have been properly cared for in their feeding, they
should be doing nicely on three moderate rations each day,
active and lively, not too fat, and relish every bit of food placed
before them of the diet named. It is better to add a broth of
boiled beef or mutton, fats in place of the milk if obtainable.
One bundle of good fats boiled down from day to day will last
almost a week, and makes a strengthening diet to alternate
with milk, and is a good tisSue and straight bone builder.

Bone Growth and Nourishment.

What is known as rickets in puppies seems to be a general
weakening of the muscles of the knee or pastern joint of the
fore legs, causing the leg to be weak at the joint, turning the
knee in and the foot well out or down flat on the pastern. At
the same time the forearm gets seemingly weak and bows out,
and the bone will eventually curve and remain owt as a perma-
nent deformity, unless the trouble is averted from the start.

Pups that are infested with tapeworm are particularly sub-
ject to rickets, and the tendency will begin to appear in them
at one or two months of age or thereafter. It is far easier to
provide against its development than to give it the care and
treatment necessary to right it when once the weakness has
developed. (See Chapter VIII.) It is naturaHy caused by
insufficient nourishment to the bones and niuscle tissues.
Pups raised on boiled meat, bones and soups do not have it.
If ground bone is not obtainable, the diet recommended to
avert it is to add to the cereal mixture already outlined, two
or three times a week, a spoonful of precipitated, phosphate of
lime. This is the consistency of burned bone, and is what the
growing pup needs to support bone growth. A pup’s chewing
on bones will not get enough to support his bone growth, so it
is better to be doubly sure and add this white powder regularly
to his feed pan, two or three times each week. Puppies some-
times get completely off their legs, due to the lack of proper
nutriment for bone growth. “A stitch in time saves nine.”’

70 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Bones they love to knaw on, and they benefit their grow-
ing teeth. Hard bread crusts are excellent for young pups to
chew on. Dog cakes should be soaked some in water. A
splendid relish for frequent use and change in the diet of
pups during the entire first year of their growth is fresh
buttermilk, not too much at a time, but at stated intervals
during week, or daily. Thick sour milk is excellent occasion-
ally, but not too often. Pups that eat ravenously and are
always greedy, bloating heavily after eating, show signs of
worms, and should be given vermifuge after a fast of twelve
hours for a couple of treatments on alternate days.

Exercise. ;

(Puppies exercise themselves in play enough for their needs.
It is a mistake to give growing pups long, hard runs following
horses or teams. They need the nourishment required to sup-
port such excessive exercise for their growth, rather than to
have such a tax on their system. Accustom them to freedom
of exercise before feeding, and to their natural inclination to
rest after eating.

The Collar and Lead.

During the third month fit a good leading collar to a
puppy, and in kennels, always accustom a puppy to a collar

Something Here

T. C. Craig’s Airedale, ‘‘Fighting Joe Hooker’’ (by Ch. Red Raven),

locating a coon in hollow stump after a few minutes’ active trail-

ing. (From the Champion Red Raven blood in the Northwest were

developed some of the cleverest natural hunting and dead-
game Airedales).

PUPPIES: THEIR CARE ie

and lead before shipment to a purchaser, as it saves great
’ embarrassment and annoyance to the new owner, if his puppy
leads off freely, rather than to receive one that hugs the side-
walk and has to be either carried or dragged along through a
city’s streets. It is a simple matter to accustom the puppy
when young to proper leading. Some will be quite obdurate
and ‘balk, and even timid, when first secured. Pet the timid
ones, hold onto the balky ones, and keep them steadily at
following a tight lead, until they discover it is easier to follow
than to hold back. One or two lessons are usually sufficient,
and it is well to encourage plenty of pulling on the lead and a
regular daily hitch-up, until perfectly broken to it. The as-
sistance of a child’s delight to lead and run with a puppy is
most valuable here, as the child ingratiates a spirit of play
into the training that the puppy soon emulates. Some adopt a
less considerate method but equally as effective in the end,
by simply chaining the young puppy up to a wall or kennel
and let him pull and sulk until his ambitions in this direction
are completely subdued. This is well enough as a method
for a grown dog that has never been on chain, for they are at
times dangerous to be near and quite difficult to hold, espe-
cially a strong, husky Airedale, and it sometimes takes hours
to break a grown dog that has never had a collar and lead on
him while young.

Timidness Corrected.

Some puppies are naturally inclined to be quite timid and
shy when young, and seem slow in outgrowing the disposition.
These frequently make wonderful game killers when mature
and in the freedom of the hunting life quite forget their shy-
ness. There are pups that are difficult to even call or catch
at times, about a kennel, and the writer has found after trying
many methods of correction that the only trusty one is to
chain such an individual up for days at a time, in a place
where there is plenty of passing, and noise, and mingling with
the habitues of the place, particularly strangers. The first
few days will be spent by the individual in cowering fright,
but continued life on the chain will gradually bring more and
more courage within its limitation, and in a week or two the
pup may acquire an entirely different disposition. Such timidity
is due to a lack of confidence in surrounding conditions, and a.
disposition to escape to a place of imaginary safety. The
restraint forced by the chain checks the liberty of retreat, and
brings the individual out all right.

It is important to instill confidence into growing puppies.
If one meets with situations which tend to frighten a puppy,
take him in hand and by showing him the needlessness of fear,
much is gained for the dog’s disposition. This is particularly

72 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

beneficial in certain temperaments showing the finer sensitive
traits of disposition. Too much confinement is bad, as it
dwarfs their otherwise active mental development. Too much
liberty is also, on the other hand, injurious, especially in city
life, where a puppy will soon acquire the habits of a tramp dog
and be causing his owner all kinds of annoyance and expense
in getting him back again when astray, a fault which the owner
alone is responsible for in making possible.

A guard for poultry

Accustom to Poultry While Young.

A puppy when accustomed to lead should be taken on lead
at first among poultry, and admonished for any keenness to
interest himself in chasing chickens. The first correction is
generally quite enough, though in some cases more checking
is necessary. All hunting dogs are prone in disposition to
chase chickens and birds, as it is their natural instinct. The
only proper time to correct the error with poultry is to be there
with discipline the first offense, and correct it quickly on the
spot. A chicken-killing dog is not easily cured, though there
are many methods of bringing about a correction of this most
annoying habit.

Analyzed, the trouble lies in an over-indulgence of an
intensely self-willed individual to catch and kill every living
thing that moves, except their own species. Airedales are such
ratural killers that chicken killing once indulged in is a strong
attraction to them, and they become as determined in the
habit as cockers, setters or pointers. Whipping severely with
a dog amenable to command and obedience will sometimes
check the tendency, but not often. A plan based more on a
study of their mentality will more often bring better results.
The old method of tieing the killed chicken securely to the
collar of the dog that killed it and leaving it there for several

PUPPIES: THEIR CARE 73

days, meanwhile exposing him to more live birds, will in most
cases bring about a temporary cure, as the mental desire for
interesting himself in chickens is so completely satiated that
he quits his keenness for them, especially after having carried
au eight-pound rooster on his neck for a couple of weeks.
This method will succeed as well as any. The spike and choke
collar may help with certain temperaments, but most Aire-
dales are not to be succumbed by abuse or pain in getting
after what they have their mind centered upon, for the game-
ness of the breed is so great that they know no such thing
as pain or fear, when once aroused over a killing operation.

The writer once had a matured dog come to his place
that soon showed his fondness for killing every chicken that
crossed his path. Punishment was of no avail. He would
simply stand all the punishment offered and immediately get
up and go desperately after any poultry in sight, seeming to
have a positive mania for the determination to allow nothing
to get away from him. This case was studied carefully. The
dog’s close confinement in kennel yards gave him little else to
think of, but the watching of chickens in neighboring yards,
and it excited him when the birds got lively. This dog finally
went to a large ranch to assist in exterminating coyotes, coons
and bob-cats. The rancher was duly warned of the dog’s
chicken-killing propensities, but said he would take his chances
on that if he ‘‘made good’’ with the larger game. The change
of environment and getting the dog’s ambitions at once cen-
tered on killing something in the game line was of more
interest to his mentality and had its due effect, for this dog,
after one coyote hunt, was given full liberty of the entire ranch
with chickens and ducks about him all the time, and though
* under no restraint the rancher informed me he never once dis-
turbed a fowl on the place, from which we must conclude that
if the Airedale’s determined mental interest is centered in the
right direction it will sometimes effect a cure. The only sure
way.is to start with the young puppy, and curb its first mis-
takes, and all future trouble is averted.

An Airedale can be raised with kittens and cats on their
home place and become perfectly accustomed to them, in fact,
play most considerately with them, and yet let a strange cat
come into their domain he will kill it instantly. The terrier
instinct everywhere is an enemy to cat life, and the Airedale
is no exception, but an Airedale raised with a cat as a ‘‘pal’’
will not permit it to be molested by any intruding dogs.

How to Crate an Airedale for Shipment.

The box or crate should be plenty high enough for the
dog to stand up easily and sit up. It need not be wider than
barely necessary room for him to turn around in, but half

74 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

ee —————

again as long as the dog. The bottom should be punctured
with holes for drainage and plenty of straw put in. The feed
tin should be nailed tight to one corner and filled with soaked
dog biscuit and a cloth sack to hold food enough for trip
nailed securely to one outside end of crate. A dog travels
better without water on a short journey. lt only wets down
his bedding, if put in, and does more harm than good in making
the dog uncomfortable inside as well as out. Always nail
water can to side of crate a few inches above the floor bedding.
A. good shipping diet is a loaf of bread and a nice boiled bone
with lean meat to chew on in his lonely hours of travel. Al-
ways put a collar on a dog being shipped, and a chain attached
thereto, but do not fasten the other end, as a dog will most
likely strangle himself in becoming twisted up with it or seri-
ously injure a leg. The top of box should be well covered, to
protect from bad weather, and have both sides slatted down
about one-third the way from the top. An Airedale shipped
in this manner will travel a week at a time in perfect safety
and comfort.

Warm Sleeping Quarters.
To be successful in raising puppies, it is essential that
their resting and sleeping quarters shall be warm and dry.

Playing with his pal
(Courtesy Mr. H. J. Greene)
Airedale puppies when raised with kittens become very fond of
them and will not harm them even when grown. Illustration shows

the 5-month-old puppy Jack Scott and Snow Ball playing on
their owner's lawn.

PUPPIES: THEIR CARE 75

Bedding should be changed once each week. The writer has
feund that a barrel, the larger the size the better, makes the
- best sort of a resting and sleeping pen. The barrel is free
from draughts and holds the animal heat when occupied by
two or more puppies, according to size. Sprinkle powdered
sulphur on the floor of the barrel, after a block or two have
been set to keep it from rolling, then bed it with fresh straw
and nail a small board across the lower portion of opening to
keep the straw within. In cold weather, tack on a curtain
made of burlap sacking, which should just clear the bottom
board. Puppies that live in warm quarters with plenty of fresh
air and sunlight grow vigorously.

Attention should be given to the arrangement of the yard
in which a growing litter is confined. A dry board and pro-
tected platform of easy access should be provided, for when
the ground is cold and damp, young puppies are pretty sure
to develop goitre from constantly lying and resting on it.
Fresh water should always be available.

Ears, Their Care During Growth.

The fact of the ears of an Airedale having when mature a
high-set forward carriage makes their care during puppyhood
and the formative period an important one to look after. For
the first two or three months, the small and best type of ears
generally hang backward or outward from the skull. As the

A puppy’s ears at transition stage

(1) Three and a half months old puppy, showing irregular
placement of left ear before the assistance of plaster to strengthen
weak muscle.

(2) Two weeks later. The muscle of left ear having been
strengthened, holds ear up in proper place, uniform with right ear.

76 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

skull grows in size the placement of the ears begin to get
more permanent, and at three or four months of age will
generally begin to drop forward into place. At this stage of
development of the ear, it is common to find one ear coming
over into the proper place, and the other ear hanging back
irregularly. This is due to the principal muscle of the ear
not as yet having developed strength enough to hold it up. If
the case is one that needs assistance, take surgical plaster, cut
in one-inch pieces, and stick several pieces on the inner side of
ear, across the weak muscle. As the plaster dries off, put on
additional plaster strips and in a week or two remove the
plaster and see if the muscle has strengthened enough to put
the ear in place. Generally a couple of weeks will do the trick
(see illustration) but in some cases it requires much patience
and many weeks. It is important to attend to this in puppy-
hood, for when mature the muscles have become set in their
pcsitions and are not so easily changed. Do not handle the
ears or fold or pull them as they should be left alone to grow
strong in their final placement.

A puppy that has during the second month the desired
and proper placement of an evenly set pair of ears will when
mature have the same placement, though meanwhile during
the growth of skull they may be occasionally very irregularly
held.

Dudley or Butterfly Nose.

The flesh tint sometimes found in the skin covering nostrils
of dogs is termed “butterfly” or ‘‘dudley.’”’ When prominent
it becomes a blemish in a dog’s appearance and expression.
It is more common to bulldogs and bull terriers than other
breeds but is not uncommon in other terrier breeds. It
appears in certain Strains of Airedales and is entirely absent
in other strains. When detected in a litter, the mating should
not be repeated. If the flesh tint takes the form of irregular
striping, it is likely to be permanent. If, however, only the
front end of nostrils fail to develop the platk pigment of nose,
the condition can be assisted by treatment during puppyhood.
Rub warm glycerine into the flesh tinted portion thoroughly
daily, and in less than a month’s time the skin will darken
very perceptibly.

CHAPTER VII.

HEALTHY AIREDALES; HOW KEPT; HOUSE AND YARD
BREAKING; THEIR VALUE.

Having adopted the recommendations given in previous
chapters pertaining to kenneling and feeding, the owner of one
or more Airedales will appreciate that keeping a dog healthy
and well mannered is of as much importance for our considera-
tion as his care when sick, which should be a very rare condi-
tion to have to deal with in an Airedale.

Sensible consideration is the chief requisite. If you have
used your Airedale for a day’s duck retrieving in cold water,
see that he has a warm fire to dry off by at night and a good
meal. Allowing an ambitious dog to go off on long swims
after wounded fowls, most hopeless to catch, is a useless tax
on a dog’s system. After a hard day’s hunting in the moun-
tains, see that he gets as good a meal and bed as the hunting
party at night, and he will hunt all the better for it the next
day. Sleeping out on cold, wet ground brings on rheumatism,
which is much easier to avoid than treat successfully.

Exercise, Bathing and Grooming.

Airedales in any number in a kennel should have their
regular hour each day for freedom and exercise, and the best
time for this is the early morning, especially in the heated
months. Many wash their dogs regularly, and in doing so
have available for kennel use all sorts of disinfectant solu-
tions and strong soaps. Unless a dog is being prepared for
the show ring or for some special purpose, don’t wash him.
An Airedale does not need artificial bathing. Better take
them once or twice a week for a good long run and swim in
some open - Water, no matter what the weather, if the run
home is a good lively one. Airedales in kennel life get along
perfectly well without any bathing whatever, and will be much
less liable to colds and ailments. Especially in summer time
swimming is most advisable. For dogs that are subject to
skin affections and for the improvement of coats when in
poor condition, use soluble sulphur and lime dip:

Constant grooming in the way of combing and brushing a
coat is the best way of keeping it in nice condition.

Companionship Desirable.

Begin with the young puppy and have the dog with you
both in and out of doors as much as possible, for companion-

78

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Sit Up

Lake-Dell Rags, asking for her just reward

HHALTHY AIREDALES—HOW KEPT 79

The Airedale, a sportman’s dog

(1) H. V. Shaw’s Interloper delivering a retrieved duck.
(2) A nice bag of Wilson snipe shot over an Airedale.

80 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

ship in all walks of life is the chief developer of what is best
in a dog’s character. The Airedale particularly is such a
brainy dog that it is almost inhuman to confine one for any
length of time to solitary kennel life. An Airedale more than
any other dog seemingly shows his appreciation of close com-
panionship by clever doings. ‘‘When you own an Airedale,
you will always have at least one friend, and whether you are
rich or poor, he will gladly eat of what you have left. He will
without a moment’s hesitation give his life to save yours.”

House Breaking.

The necessity of beginning young with puppies to get them
thoroughly accustomed to the lead has been explained in
Chapter VI. When the puppy is advanced enough so that he
leads freely and well, accustom him to the rooms of the house,
but keep him on lead at all times in-doors, and should oc-
casion require it, if he is left alone for a short or long time,
tie him up in some corner, which he will get used to and asso-
ciate as his “rest corner.’’ The reason for keeping the young-
ster entirely under restraint while getting house-broken is
that puppies delight to play freely in-doors, and are no re-
spectors of rugs, pillows, clothes, and will do serious damage
to household things and thus very unnecessarily get into bad
grace with the lady of the house. They should be taken out
of doors frequently, and always released from lead, so that
their mental training will be to associate in their mind that
out-of-doors means freedom, and in-doors restraint. After a
few days or weeks it is surprising how intelligent the young-
sters become, and they soon form neat and clean habits and
are most trustworthy, when not on lead, but the usual custom
of allowing the puppy his liberty in-doors as well as out brings
on the necessity of needless punishment. I repeat, accustom
the puppy to restraint in-doors, and he will almost ask for any
desired freedom out-of-doors when needed, for a dog is natural-
ly clean in habits.

Training and Yard Breaking.

The one underlying principle involved in successfully teach-
ing an Airedale various accomplishments is obedience induced
along the lines of pleasure and reward. This simple system is
the method employed in most all animal training, wherein
much seeming cleverness is exhibited in remarkable tricks and
performances. While many stage exhibits when shown in
number have the influence also of the whip, or fear of it,
always over them, there is that more important element of
praise and reward, for an accomplishment; especially in in-
telligent dog nature, there is a mental fondness for even a

HEALTHY AIREDALES—HOW KEPT 81

Airedale Retrieving Quail

(1) “Fetch.”
(2) “Give.” An autumn day’s sport with Lake-Dell Leader
and upland game.

$2 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

slight sign of praise and reward, for which the individual will
do anything, which by custom he has been made to under-
stand is desired, to please his master or mistress. Even the
performing seals and other animals in a circus go through
their daily stunts and receive as their incentive what appeals
to them most, some tempting morsel of food. Without it,
there would be no way of interesting the animals in their
varied accomplishments.

This, then, is the fundamental requirement of teaching
your Airedale any accomplishments. It must also be accom-
panied by having instilled into your dog perfect confidence
and affection for the master and teacher. The method to
employ should be the taking of a few minutes each day, which
the owner can spare from his or her leisure time, and if but
once a day, make the time a regular fixture, always to be
kept, as the most important engagement, at least for the
puppy, in every day. The youngster will soon look forward
to this daily schooling and anticipate its coming. The pupil
should always be taken on lead to a room or basement, or
quiet place out-of-doors, where nothing else, such as the
presence of another person or dog, will attract his interest
and attention, for the speedy success of efforts to teach him
depend on keeping his interest for the nonce centered com-
pletely on the suggestions given him. Provide yourself with
a few tid-bits to his liking, and keep them in your pocket.
During the period devoted to training, allow no one to feed or
handle your dog. The Australian sheep dogs that are world
famous for their wonderful feats of intelligent work are
so carefully handled and trained that only their keeper is
allowed to speak to them or feed them. Their watchfulness |
of a herder’s slightest suggestion makes them keen for their ;
work.

First Lessons.

One of the first useful habits of obedience which he should
carry through life is that of “lie down.” One of the most
annoying habits any dog can have is that of not being under
positive and immediate control, when in-doors, or when ex-
cited, delighting to show his interest in one and all by jumping
up, generally with muddy or dusty feet, on clean clothes and
dresses of his friends and admirers. This is a bad habit alto-
gether too common in most dogs that have never been taught
better manners, for a dog can be equally as well mannered as
its master, if so guided. While mentioning this bad habit, I
will state that the quickest remedy for its correction is to im-
mediately tread a bit firmly on his hind toes, and it will not
occur many times again. But to return to our pupil. He
must be taught to drop down flat instantly at command. In

83

HEALTHY AIREDALES—HOW KEPT

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84 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

teaching, all commands that are to be obeyed must be repeated
quietly and often, to the pupil, while the effort is being made
to show the pupil what is wanted. Whatever word of com-
mand the teacher is going to use must be repeated several
times and during the assistance given to enforce its gradual
obedience. ‘‘Charge,”’ ‘‘Lie Down,” ‘Drop,’’ ‘Drop Down,”
and a sharp hisp are all used, according to preference. Take
the pupil and, repeating the command “Lie Down,” gently but
firmly push him backward until he is properly lying down.
Hold him firmly until his struggles to get away cease, and
after a minute of reluctant acquiescence release the hold with
the command ‘‘Get Up” or “Up.’’ Praise him immediately
with much petting and a reward of some little bite to eat.
After a moment’s rest repeat, going through the same stages.
Keep this up for four or five efforts the first time, and in-
crease the lesson a bit each day, though not long enough to
tire or discourage either pupil or teacher. Training a dog
requires a great deal of patience on the part of the teacher,
holding one’s temper, as quickness in resentment of seeming
stupidity or wilfulness will lose more ground gained than any
other influence. You must keep absolutely the confidence of
your pupil at all times. After the second or third lesson in
this command, the teacher will find the puppy almost anticipat-
ing the command and quite willing to drop down without any
material pressure of the hands, though before taking the hand
suggestion away entirely, a simple touch of the hand is enough.
Soon, this is eliminated and the pupil drops instantly at com-
mand. Always see that the obedience is immediate and not
half way. If any liberty is granted in this direction it will be
taken too freely. Whenever there is disobedience in not doing
what the pupil has already done once or more times success-
fully and satisfactorily, don’t scold or punish, but simply under
identically the same conditions as you started in with, take
the pupil back and go through the early stages again and
increase these faster, of course, until the obedience is positive
and satisfactory. One or two weeks time is all that is re-
quired to permanently teach any young dog this most useful
habit of obeying the command ‘“‘Down.”’ One can even be able
to whisper the command and have it obeyed, but never fail to
have the reward of some kind for the willingness to obey, even
if but a hand pat. A dog properly taught this command will
“Lie Down’’ at command no matter under what surroundings
he is in, and at any distance within hearing from his master.
Obedience to the command ‘Heel Up” is also most important
for an Airedale to know. This command should be taught by
adopting the same methods of suggesting it in regular daily
lessons as previously described. An umbrella or cane, with
hook handle, is of much assistance in holding the pupil exactly
where the teacher wishes to have the pupil understand the

oO

HEALTHY AIREDALES—HOW KEPT

command is to be obeyed, namely, just at the side, with head
preferably a little in advance of the knee. Hold the pupil
exactly there and repeat the command frequently as he is led
along. Reward the progress made and permit of his release
only after the command ‘“‘Get Away” has been given, with
which is to be associated unrestrained freedom. What is nicer
to see than a well-mannered Airedale on a crowded street fol-
lowing his owner absolutely at HEEL, with no wish to interest
himself in passing dogs, until released from his obedience? In
these days in city life, when the speeding motor cars so quickly
end a dog’s life that is accidentally caught in the roadway,
this habit of obeying the command HEEL is most necessary,
and every dog that is to be much of a companion in city or
town life should be thoroughly schooled in these first few
commands of ‘‘Down,’”’ ‘“‘Get Up,’’ ‘‘Heel’’ and ‘‘Get Away.’’
They will save one a great deal of annoyance, and it is a
simple matter to exact implicit obedience, no matter how stub-
born and self-willed the pupil. The younger these lessons are
begun, the better the results and more quickly accomplished.
A dog just past three months old is the right age to begin to
school thoroughly in the progress to be made in house and
yard training.

The methods of training which are frequently used with
other breeds, with such excellent results and which involve

C. Cobb’s big-game hunting Airedales in camp, after a
successful hunt.

86 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

the use of the force tactics, whether collar or other methods,
are not suited at all for success with an Airedale. The Aire-
dale is an exceptionally sensitive dog to punishment or force,
and yet embodying, as he does, the utmost gameness and
courage cannot be so well coerced into obedience by the force
and pain methods, as by the more humane methods of pleasure
and reward, and its more happy-mannered results. This is
termed the natural or pleasure system, as opposed to the force
system, which latter is much in vogue in curbing and training
setter and pointers. The performance of any. dog trained by
the pleasure system is so far superior to that of the “‘have to
do it, whether I want to or not” force system that there is no
room for argument. The Airedale is adapted temperamentally
to the pleasure system, and any use of the methods of the force
system (with which the writer is most familiar in years of
having broken his setters with its use) are likely to prove most
unsatisfactory.

Punishment.

Punishment is something that should be employed when
the occasion demands in the proper manner. It is most im-
portant that it should never be administered except in the
right way. Punish seldom, but when you do, do it thoroughly
and well. A leather strap is excellent to use, or a limber stick,
but the latter is too likely to break. Never call a dog to you
to punish him for disobedience; always go to the dog, and be
certain to repeat between spells of chastisement the command
disobeyed, which the dog has been taught and knows the
meaning of.

Coming When Called; Other Accomplishments.

A dog should be accustomed to come when called and come
on the run. This is easily accomplished, by making it a
custom whenever feeding a dog to always use the whistle
which one wishes to have as the call. He will soon associate
the hearing of this particular whistle with pleasure, and always
respond to it quickly in preference to any other call.

Any of the other many tricks and accomplishments that
dogs are taught can be easily taught an Airedale by following
the suggestions and methods outlined in this chapter. The
writer once owned a particularly smart dog, that had been
taught when a puppy a great many household tricks, which
were most amusing in their way and the source of much en-
tertainment to friends and visitors. These tricks consisted of
the usual commands, of down, play dead, sitting up, shaking
hands, seeking to find, bringing, getting one’s hat, gloves or
slippers as the. command might be, and one other, that of
shutting a door, when left open. This dog was most popular

HEALTHY AIREDALES—HOW KEPT 87

4

with all his admiring friends and was finally owned by a
prominent dentist, who was prone to keep him in his offices
for the entertainment of waiting and nervous patients. On
one occasion, after showing off some of his accomplishments
before an admiring audience, the door was left ajar, and
Drake was told to ‘‘shut the door,’ whereupon with a bound
he landed with his forefeet on the door with such force that
its shutting ‘broke every pane of glass in it, much to the ex-
citement and consternation of the visitors and considerable
embarrassment for his new master,

An Airedale is so brainy that they learn quickly and are
willing and able to do anything one wishes them to do, if the
owner but takes the time necessary to show them what is
desired. There is no breed more intelligent than the Airedale
and few their equal.

Longevity.

There is no reason why an Airedale, well cared for, should
not prove himself actively useful in any of the pursuits in life
for which he is used for the first ten years of his life. After
this come the gradual declining years of advancing age.

Value of an Airedale.

We frequently hear the inquiry: ‘‘What is an Airedale
worth?’’ and a brief consideration here of what constitutes
value in an Airedale is deserving. Value in anything depends
largely upon for what purpose it can profitably be used. An
Airedale puppy at shipping age is generally conceded to be
worth from $25 to $50 and more, depending upon the quality
of its breeding, the public reputation of its parentage and the
purpose for which the puppy in question is to be used. The
successful raising of the puppy, until a year or so old, doubles.
its purchase price value. A dog that succeeds in winning at
public shows increases in value very rapidly, the result of
public admiration and demand by fanciers for his partic-
ular type and individuality, and the added value for his
use in breeding. A winning show dog or bitch is worth from
$250 up to $1,000 and more, depending on the extent of his
or her career and prospects as a stock dog of value to a
breeder. ‘‘Why is an Airedale worth so much?” is easy to
answer. The public demand for the best that can be bred is
greater than the supply of those that money can buy. For
example, take the case of a promising show winner, that sells
his first season for $200 or more. If a dog, and he is taken to
a section where continued wins can make him famous as a
leading show winner, his use at stud, the result of advertising
and the dog’s public reputation, at even very moderate fees,
pays for his purchase price frequently the first year, and many
a successful sire and stud has earned two and three times his

88 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

purchase price the first two years of his career before the
public. If a bitch, the reputation won by her public competi-
tion at once places a strong demand on her pups, and when
successfully bred, her litter sells for enough to pay for her
purchase price, and all subsequent litters represent net profits
ou. her investment in addition to her sale value as an individ-
ual. Can you think of anything that makes money for an
owner faster than a successful brood bitch, in Airedales? For
example: A female puppy purchased, we will say, at $25,
when a year old, may have cost its owner all told, including
feed and care, $35, and a mating to some noted sire $25
more, or a total investment of some $60. Add $5 to this sum
for advertising litter and $10 for feeding the lot until sold
(quite liberal enough) and the public demand does the rest,
and purchases the entire litter, if properly handled, for an
average of $200. This good brood bitch continues to present
her fortunate owner with a litter or two each year, until she
will have had at least five litters, we will say, none of which
will show a less return than the first litter, which brings the
financial return from one Airedale to a sum between $900 and
$1000 on an investment that may vary from $25 to $200. Is
it any wonder, then, that the breed is getting the reputation of
being the most profitable one on earth? And with such
results, big prices of celebrated dogs are more than justified,
for they bring the returns.

Again, we will look at another field of usefulness for the
puppy that is purchased we will say at $25, and successfully
raised by the mountain hunter or trapper in one of the Western

states in which the bounties on predatory animals are the in-
ducement for many a sturdy lover of outdoor life to maintain
his existence from his successes in hunting. With the assist-
ance of this Airedale when educated to its life, the hunter is
enabled to get returns which were not possible for him as a
trapper without a dog. Bounties of $25 for cougar, $5 for
cats, one or two dollars for coyote and other such payments
paid in most states, enable him to add a good $200 at least and
sometimes twice this to his annual income. In addition, the
sales of pelts to the fur market, the world over, make him a
comfortable living, in all of which the Airedale forms the most
important aid and makes a much larger financial income possi-
ble. Ask such a successful hunter, as the writer has repeatedly
done, what price he will accept for his faithful and perfectly
trained Airedale, and you will generally find it a case of ‘‘no
price,’ or a prohibitive one, for an experienced hunting Aire-
dale is intrinsically worth more than a trained setter or pointer,
as the Airedale’s experience is toward a commercial end, in
addition to the element of sport, so if $100 or $200 is the
accepted popular price of a trained setter, a trained Airedale

HEALTHY AIREDALES—HOW KEPT 89

is worth this and more, for his work actually earns this sum
for his owner each year, when properly applied.

So, it is seen, no matter what walk in life we follow the
Airedale, we find his existence capable of bringing to his ad-
miring owners large financial returns, considering his cost, and
much more than the average return from any other livestock
individual, be it cow, sheep or horse, with far less cost for
‘“keep,’? and always something more than a mere animal,
which should prove to the satisfaction of all, the sound and
dependable commercial value of the Airedale. Other breeds
there are that have a share of public popularity and a fancier’s
value, too, but none are capable of being able to also add so
much to the owner’s financial income in practical usefulness,
either protecting livestock, safe-guarding poultry, or the best
assistant to the hunter, and at the same time a profitable
breeder and show dog.

Dog Fights, How Separated.

It sometimes happens that dogs get into a quarrel over a
disputed bone, or get mixed with some stranger, when one’s
desire is to separate them as soon as practicable, without
injury to either. For example, we will suppose a mongrel bull
has got an unrelenting hold on your Airedale, and you see
promise of a broken limb or a long drawn out tangle, how can
you separate them with least trouble and danger? In the first
place, if possible, get hold of the tail of one or the other and
have someone else do likewise with the other dog, lifting hind
quarters off the ground. If water is handier than anything
else, a bucketful will likely separate them, but sometimes this
is futile. The surest thing is to light a match and hold it at
the nose of the dog which has the hold. A lighted piece of
paper is better and instantly separates them. Do not kick or
beat either one, as this barbaric method is positively useless
when applied to dead-game dogs.

The writer once had a grown Airedale sent to him that had
become a vicious fighter due to lack of proper discipline
when young. He would attack and kill any dog within reach.
He was sent out big-game hunting with a pack of other dogs,
whose handler broke him quickly by putting a muzzle on him,
and in his first attack he was severely punished, and scolded
until obedience was manifest. Then with muzzle removed he
mixed with pack and fought with them on game with no more
trouble to them or strange dogs met with.

Photographing Airedales.

To secure a real good picture of a dog is a most difficult
task, as all can testify who have tried. A few suggestions here
will be helpful for the inexperienced. It is natural for most

Airedales at Work on Big Game in Alaska

(1) Black bear in dense thicket near Seward, held by the ag-
gressive fighting of Airedale “Tackler,”’ long enough for photo-
graphing by Emsweiler. é

(2) Tackler, Vic and two pups fighting Wolverine, near Sewara.
(While illustrations are hardly more than silhouettes, the rarity
of these pictures will be appreciated by those who have tried to
take action pictures of wild animals.)

:

HEALTHY AIREDALES—HOW KEPT Jal

———

anyone who wishes a good picture of a dog to suppose that a
regular photographer is the proper party to take it, but except
in rare cases the result is most unsatisfactory, as the photog-
rapher is not generally sufficiently acquainted with the type
of a breed from a fancier‘s standpoint to know when a dog is
in a good position. To secure a good photograph of any dog,
the operator of the camera must know his subject and even be
a student of the type of the breed. Dog photography is the
most uncertain in securing acceptable results of all work in
this line. It must necessarily be instantaneous work. If a small
camera is used, which in many cases are productive of excel-
lent results, it is best to use one with a universal focus.
Guessing a distance or focus is very uncertain. The work
should always be done out of doors in strong, clear light. The
camera must have a good finder, and the best camera to use
is the reflex camera, in which you see your object all the time,
and focus accordingly. Studio pictures are rarely successful,
except with excellent subjects, that are easy to get into typical
positions. The heat of a studio gets the dog to panting, with
tongue out and mouth open, and the dog indoors lacks the
animation desired in a picture. ‘The assistance of someone
who knows the breed well is most valuable in handling the
dog on lead in such a manner as to get him into a good posi-
tion. The best pictures are likely to be taken when the subject
gets interested in the sight of some other dog or preferably
a cat. Attempting to pose a terrier for a picture is fruitless,
for the animation desired, attention keen, with ears up in
place, mouth shut and tail well up, can only be secured by
strategy. It is much better to secure this intent position off
the lead if possible and while it may tax the patience of the
operator, it can be successfully done by taking plenty of time
and not getting the dog too much excited over the effort.
Don’t forget the fundamental requirement of a good picture
for light, to have the sun at your back and never try taking
the picture with the dog between the camera and the sun. If
possible get a light background, such as a roadway or planking,
so that the feet will show. Do not get the legs lined up,
but have all four show. A dog that is fond of retrieving any-
thing thrown can be caught in a watchful position readily.
Avoid getting too close as it will foreshorten the part of the
dog nearest the camera. Use Sigma plates for best results,
timed according to strength of light. To get the opportunity,
the light and scene, of Airedales at work on game, in encounter
or holding big game at bay is a very difficult feat, as condi-
tions are generally such as to forestall satisfactory results.
For example, a bear when pursued by Airedales takes to the
densest of thickets and wilds, in which light hardly penetrates,
and on the approach of man, it requires a wonderfully aggres-
sive Airedale to be able to stop the bear’s egress long enough

92 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

to get a snapshot with either camera or rifle. The illustration
herein of a bear held at bay in an Alaskan tangle by one
Airedale is for these reasons a rare picture. Though the detail
is lacking, it is just possible to make out the Airedale’s figure
in the lower right-hand corner, with the outline of the bear
very plainly visible in the central background. When one |
stops to realize what a very critical moment the camera reveals
in this picture, its rarity is apparent.

It is frequently desirable to remove the background from a
picture. This is readily done by the use of liquid opaque,
put on with a fine brush on the film side of the negative. Be
careful to follow the exact lines of all edges of the subject,
for the faking of a picture is rarely done well enough not to
show. This is most frequently seen in lowering the line of
the muzzle.

Many of the illustrations in this book are exceedingly fine
pictures from every standpoint, while others used could have
been greatly improved had the camera man better understood
the tact required.

Most every big-game hunter has tried in vain to get a
good photograph of his dog in action when on game. The
difficulties attendant are countless, for such a scene as is
shown in the illustration ‘‘An Exciting Moment,’”’ on the previ-
ous page, embodies more necessary conditions than the reader
can realize without having maybe been one of those who has
carried a camera hundreds of miles for such an opportunity.
The incident pictured is the successful climax of a bear hunt
near Danville, Washington. Two dogs had been trailing the
bear for some hours and by their aggressiveness had finally
stopped him in the thicket in the background of the picture.
What took place next in less time than it takes to read about
it is better told in the following letter:

R. M. Palmer, Seattle. Dear Sir: I am glad you appreci-
ate the picture. It took lots of hard work to get one worth
while. We spoiled a dozen plates and this was the only one
that there was anything to be seen on. The bear was on a
logged-off piece of land with dense undergrowth with no trees
big enough for the bear to climb. Another dog outside the
picture on left had just made a dash at the bear. I was behind
a big, turned-up tree root with camera, while my partner
chased the bear out of the thicket seen in the background.
One bullet from a 25-20 ended the sport.

J. C. STUTZ, Danville, Wash.

Inasmuch as some ‘‘knowing”’ hunters when first seeing
this picture expressed their opinion that the bear must have
been either in a trap or wounded to make the picture possible

the writer secured credentials for it in a sworn statement,
which precludes any criticism of nature faking, to-wit:

93

HEALTHY AIREDALES——HOW KEPT

‘o[epaITy US U}IM UOJSUIYSeM UI Ivoq Yov[q suyuny
qUOMOW, Sunpoxy uy

94 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Affidavit.

STATE OF WASHINGTON, County of Ferry, ss.

J. C. Stutz and F. J. Marchand, residents of Danville,
Washington, being first duly sworn on oath depose and say:
That they were both present and instrumental in the taking
of photograph, showing Airedale Terrier DOLLY GREY at-
tacking or holding bear in the month of September, 1910, near
Danville, Wash., and that immediately after said photograph
was taken the bear was killed by J. C. Stutz, one of the afore-
said affiants. That the bear shown in photograph was not
held by a trap, nor wounded in any manner at the time ex-
posure for the picture was made, but had only just emerged
from the thicket in background of picture, being stopped by
the aggressiveness of the Airedale’s attack. The bear when
killed weighed about 200 pounds, and was of the black bear
species.

F. F. MARCHAND.

J.C. ShULZ,
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 21st day of Octo-
ber, 1911. H. M. GENIN,
(Notarial Seal) Notary Public in and for the State of

Washington, residing at Danville.

CHAPTER VIII.

DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT.

Airedales are naturally exceptionally healthy dogs and
many ailments which other breeds are commonly subject to,
rarely bother an Airedale. The purpose of this chapter is to
give some practical and useful suggestions to those who in
emergencies are not able to call in the aid of the professional
veterinary surgeon, and who are so situated that they have to
ofttimes be their own dog doctor. There are a few diseases
which the owner of an Airedale may occasionally meet with
and wish to know how to successfully treat and cure. In the
care of these, the suggestions and information herein given
will be found most helpful, as being the result of many years
of successful practical personal experience and observation.

How to Give a Dog Medicine.

The kennel should have a medicine chest or shelf and it is
surprising how many articles will accumulate therein. One
essential aid to have on hand is a long-necked bottle, which is
particularly helpful as an easy means of giving liquids. By
using such a bottle, placed well back into the flews of the
cheek, the dogs mouth being held shut, the liquid contents of
the bottle run down the throat freely and easily. In handling
a dog for the giving of medicine, it is well to go about it ina
manner least excitable to the individual. This is best done by
standing on the right side of your patient, and with the left
hand passed over the shoulders and under the jaw, use the
left thumb and fingers in opening the mouth. Place thumb
and fingers back of the teeth, which gives one perfect safety
from a possible accidental pinch, as the thumb and fingers are
a complete wedge of the opened mouth, and the right hand is
then free to use for the placement of medicine down the
throat. In all cases, where possible, give medicine in the form
of soluble gelatine capsules, as one has little difficulty with
their use in getting medicine down the throat and swallowed,
for by holding the mouth shut tight after placing a capsule
well back in the throat, the dog is unable to throw the capsule
forward with the tongue, and will swallow it, especially if
hastened in the operation by tapping the outside of throat.

Intestinal Parasites; How Removed.

Most of the ailments common with Airedales are during
their first year, and the extermination of parasitic worm life
is the most important preventative of a sick dog. Beginning

96 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

during the second month of a puppy’s life, one should carefully
scrutinize the feces of all puppies and ascertain if they are
infested with worms, either round or the tape worm. Fre-
quently a puppy will be full of worms, and yet rarely show
signs in its feces. It is best to give a puppy a dose of liquid
vermifuge when one month or six weeks old and repeat each
two weeks for a month and then treat once each month. One
very common mistake is the giving of vermifuge suited only for
the removal of the round worm, and not at all suitable for
expelling the tape worm, with the result that the dog’s condi-
tion remains unsatisfactory until the mistake is discovered.
Some remedies expel both forms of these parasites, and other
remedies are specially prepared for the removal of each kind.

If you detect signs of the long curled (pointed at each
erd) round worms in the feces, usually accompanied by slimy
or mattery stools, the dog should be treated with any one of
the standard vermifuge preparations suited to remove the
round worm. Santonine and calomel pills are dependable,
also a simple initial treatment is to give each puppy gelatin
capsules (5 grain size) filled with turpentine followed an hour
later by tablespoonful of castor oil.

Mixing powdered charcoal in food for a day or two before
treatment for worms is particularly helpful in removing much
of the accumulated mucuous in the intestinal tract.

The presence of tape worm, decidedly the most deleterious
to the dog’s system with young or old, and in fact to be con-
sidered an actual plague in dog life, is readily detected by
observing if the feces have clinging to them little short seg-
ments, white and active when first dropped. These are some-
times erroneously called pin worms. A dog having tape worm
is frequently troubled with sore spots on the skin, particularly
near base of tail, and shows much restlessness in knawing
his skin and tail. Tape worm segments vary in size, depending
on size of the dog and the length of time the infested tajye
worm growth has remained in the intestinal tract. Some are
barely one-third of an inch in length while again segments
will be found an inch and more in length. Washed out in
water they are seen to be flat and in a regular succession of
joined or broken segmentary parasitic life. The head of this
worm is a small black spot and unless the treatment is thor-
ough cnough to kill the parasite, so that the head releases its
attached hold on the walls of the intestine, the worm life
develops again. It is thus important to watch the results of
treatment for tape worm and see if the head has been expelled.
The standard vermifuges advertised for the particular purpose
of removing this worst of all pests in a dog should always be
kept on hand in the medicine chest. Particularly in the treat-
ment for removal of tape worm, one should tie a growing dog
up, and (except for water) allow the animal to have nothing

DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT om

enter the stomach for 36 hours prior to giving medicine. A
dose of epsom salts or pan of milk to which has been added a
tablespoon of sulphur is also helpful in emptying the contents
of the intestines, to starve the worm life to a condition which
will quickly absorb the poisonous remedy administered. A
dog thus fasted is in fit condition to rid itself of the tape worm
when the medicine given passes through the intestinal tract,
and it is not infrequent that, in particularly bad cases, within
an hour strings of tape worms, yards in length, will be passed.
It is important not to feed a dog under three hours after
treating for tape worm, and then with liquid or bland rations,
as tape worm remedies are intensely cathartic, and the diges-
tive system should not be taxed with much solid food at first.

If one is where remedies for this ailment cannot at once be
obtained, in their prepared forms, good results can be secured
by giving turpentine and sweet oil mixed in proportion to one
of the former to two parts of the latter. Give puppies one
teaspoonful and increase the dose for older dogs to two spoons-
ful. This remedy should be used sparingly. However, in an
emergency this dose will promptly do its work; ten drops of
turpetine mixed with a spoonful of castor oil, to which add
five drops of creolin, is a very effective vermifuge.

Areca nut is a commonly used remedy, the dose for grown

dogs being two grains for every pound he weighs; and for
puppies past two months old, one grain to the pound weight
of the dog; after fasting 24 to 36 hours and always followed
by a dose of castor oil, an hour or two after administering the
Areca nut. In the powdered form it is very bitter, but in
capsules is very effective, and expels both round and tape
worm. :
The writer uses it in preference to other remedies. After
12 or 24 hours fasting prepare the intestinal system by giving
sulphur, molasses and a little milk. Then 12 hours later mix
the powdered Areca nut with domestic cooking oil and give in
food pan stirred up in a little milk or an egg. Food should not
be given sooner than three to six hours following. A teaspoon-
ful of Areca nut for a litter of six or eight puppies is safe, and
one teaspoonful of the powdered nut for a fully grown
Airedale.

Extract of Male Fern is another dependable remedy for
tape worm. Give 10 to 30 drops mixed with sweet oil or beaten
up in an egg, and followed an hour later by a dose of castor
oil. A good plan is to mix 2 oz. Extract of Male Fern in a
bottle with 6 oz. of olive oil. Shake well before using and for
adult dogs past six months, give one teaspoonful after fasting
24 to 36 hours.

If a young puppy once gets thoroughly infested with tape
worm its ailments will multiply fast, for a wormy puppy does
not get its proper nutriment and its membraneous intestinal

98 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

yn

tissue becomes inflamed, causing indigestion, white coated:
tongue and pale gums, colds, running at the eyes, coughs, ploat-
ing after eating, and thinness of flesh. The coat looks un-
kempt, and the legs soon begin to show signs of rickets in the.
form of bowing out, and weakness at the joints.

In grown dogs the presence of tape worm is frequently
indicated by a retching bronchial cough, very similar to the
cough preceding distemper, and at times mistaken for it.

If vermifuge pills or capsules are used, it is important to
follow same an hour or so later with a dose of castor oil, even
with medicine marked ‘‘No physic required,’’ for many puppies
have died from these poisonous remedies remaining in the
system too long. Be on the safe side and follow their use
with physic.

Rickets.

This condition is common in puppy life, when there has
been negligence in not removing tape worm from the system,
or when the diet lacks the necessary sustenance for bone
growth and nutriment for proper formation and growth of
muscular tissue.

Rickets is about what the name implies, a weakened con-
dition of the muscles, joints and finally crooked bone forma-
tion, which if allowed to become advanced in its development
gives the dog a rickety and unsteady gait in moving about, in
which he often falls and becomes quite helpless.

It first manifests itself in the knee joints of the forelegs,
which begin to swell and knee-in, the pasterns turning out
and the forearm beginning to bow out. In wormy pups this
condition will be noticed the second and third months. At
times if the hindquarters are affected, the muscles in the thigh
become inert and the dog drags his hind parts after him, and
is unable to get up and steady itself on its legs. This condition
is due to a temporary partial paralysis that is brought on from
weakened parts or inroads of the tape worm, which seriously
affect.the kidneys.

Rickets yield to treatment readily, if taken in time, and
while at times the recovery is slow, it is certain of cure, if
the patient is considerately dealt with and faithfully attended.
After treatment and removal of tape worm as directed in this
chapter, the dog should be confined to dry and warm quarters,
free from the annoyance of other dogs. Feed three times
daily a moderate amount of boiled meats and bones. Give
daily, cod liver oil to which should be added a pinch of calcium
phosphate of lime; dose according to age, not exceeding one
tablespoonful morning and night. If the dog is weak in the
loin and loses control of his hindquarters and legs, give two
or three times daily one or two tablets (according to age) of
Pape’s Diuretic and continue until cured, enlarging scope of

DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT 99

diet only after limbs are strong and straight again. (Pape’s
Diuretic can be secured from any druggist.) The writer has
seen a grown dog so badly infested with tape worm that when
it had been removed, the hind parts were completely paralyzed
and the dog unable to move. In less than a week of the treat-
ment recommended herein the dog was up and around and
well again.

It is much easier to avoid the conditions that develop
rickety pups than to have to patiently treat for the recovery
and cure of the dogs when afflicted with it. In Chapter VI
the diet to depend upon for avoiding the development of
rickets is given: Briefly, feed plenty of fats and boiled meats,
plenty of bones to chew on, and mix regularly with food pre-
cipitated phosphate of lime or powdered bone meal.

Mange.

Singularly enough, most all cases of supposed mange or
eczema are little more than the effect of an impoverished con-
dition of the blood of the system, due to the inroads of worms
in absorbing most of the food nutrition. The writer had oc-

casion to see one Airedale that had been treated unsuccess-
fully for mange and eczema for two years’ time. After once
the worms were expelled (tape), the skin healed quickly with
the assistance of one of the usual remedies which previously
had been used in vain.

Genuine mange is a very unpleasant ailment, and is not
common in Airedales, owing to their thick protecting coat, but
at times it may be contracted from the infected skin of other
dogs, or from being kenneled where the contagion exists, such
as sleeping where a mangy dog has slept. It is generally first
detected in the skin behind the ears or in armpits. As soon
as sure signs of it are manifest in mattery sore spots, rapid
loss of coat, and its tendency to spread over the skin of the
animal, treat skin with any one of the following remedies:
To a pint of crude petroleum, add 5 per cent Formaldyhide, 10
per cent Avenarius Carbolineum, and a little Zenoleum. Add
enough motor oil to thin mixture, then rub thoroughly into
coat all over body with a brush (the dobbing brush of a show
set). If mange is present, it will soon disappear. After two
or three days wash dog off with cleansing tar soap.

Mix up a pound or two of flower of sulphur with lard
enough so that there is no color of the llard left in evidence,
then add a cup or two of ordinary coal oil, mixing thoroughly
and just thin enough to go on well. Rub the dog all over
with this mixture and leave it on for several days. Lard
serves as the carrying agent of the cleansing and curing prop-
erties of the sulphur and coal oil. This simple remedy will

100 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

cure the most persistent case of mange, and if one treatment
does not entirely cure, repeat, and then wash with any good
cleansing soap.

Another most valuable mange cure and one that is thor-
ough and quick, though a bit more costly, is alcohol three
parts and cade oil one part. This solution should be applied
and rubbed in well on the sore spots and left on. Do not
wash while applying this remedy daily. Its quick healing prop-
erties are remarkable and most efficient.

The ordinary commercial sheep dip is effective used as a
cleansing wash, and very good results are to be had from use
of soluble sulphur compound in water as a daily wash.

Eczema.

Eczema is the result of an impoverished condition of the
blood, and causes most aggravating scratching of the inflamed
parts. Treatment should consist of a complete change of diet
and exercise in moderation, plenty of boiled vegetables, sul-
phur in molasses put in food regularly twice a week. Mix up
a strong solution of epsom salts and water, and with soft
brush rub the solution into the inflamed skin all over the
body. Treat any positive sore spot occasionally with the fol-
lowing ‘‘yellow salve,’’ viz.: Ac. Salicyl, 4% oz.; Ac. Boric, 1 02.;
Sulphur, 1 0z.; Vaseline, 3 oz.; Lanolin, 3 oz.

Eczema is a condition which is proverbially slow to be
eliminated from the system. The writer has observed the
quickest results from the use of blood tonic capsules, which
reach the building up of the blood corpuscles. Goff’s Blood
Capsules at the cost of one dollar per box will be found very
beneficial.

Inflamed Eyes.

This salve is also valuable in treatment of mattery eyes
and lids. Rub it on lids and drop saturated solution of boracic
acid into eyes daily. (Particularly beneficial in distemper).

Cankered Ears.

This condition sometimes develops from irritant dirt get-
ting into the inner ear, which creates a foul state, with a
virulent smelling discharge. Cleanse the ear carefuly with a
soft cloth and warm water, using pure castile soap. Before
thoroughly dry, take a handful of Mule Team Borax and
shake well down into ear without further washing. Shake
more borax into the ear and the next day or two, and they
will soon clear up and be perfectly healed.

Sore Ear Points; Split or Bitten Ears.

Airedales are frequently troubled with slit ear points, the

result of encounters, scratches from game killed, or from

DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT 101

contact while hunting in thick coverts. Airedales that have
the hound ear with a growth of long coat thereon are not
usually bothered with this trouble, only those with the more
essentially terrier ear. ‘These when split become very sore,
and by constant shaking of the head bleed freely. Treatment:
Clean the sore edge with warm water and soap; then cleanse
with Peroxide of Hydrogen. After drying, take nitrate of
silver points and cauterize the exposed tissue, repeating the
operation once or twice a week, until completely healed.
(Salves and other healing ingredients are useless in the treat-
ment of this annoying trouble.)

In cases of torn or bitten ears, after the profuse bleeding
has subsided, imbed the raw edge in absorbent cotton, on
which is first placed a mixture of boracic acid powder and
tannic acid powder, in proportions of one-half of each, or
Squib’s Compound Alum Powder, and after one day, remove
the absorbent cotton, having first soaked it well in warm
water, cleanse with peroxide and shake the healing powder on
raw parts or cracks daily, and the ear will speedily heal. Keep
healing powder in a convenient shaker (old salt shaker.)
Wounds and Injuries.

In cases where the outer skin is badly torn, draw it to-
gether with thread and one or two stitches. Bathe copiously
with Peroxide of Hydrogen and keep clean. If the wound is
where the dog’s tongue can cleanse it and lap it continually,
the healing will be complete and healthy, as there is no nurse
so good an attendant to injured parts as a dog’s tongue, and
singularly enough Airedales will frequently cleanse a wound off
one for the other and care for them most assiduously. It is
best to let them be so treated. If wound is where dog cannot
cleanse it, treat with Squib’s Compound Alum Powder as di-
rected in previous paragraph.

Sore milk glands, in the brood matron, should be rubbed
daily with camphorated oil, and treat a caked breast, if skin
is broken, with ‘‘yellow salve’’ given in this chapter.

Bowels.

The intestinal tract is the seat of many ailments. One
common to dogs is the fouling of stomach from stale or putrid
food. This creates a condition similar to ptomaine poisoning
and a dog becomes very weak, with loss of all appetite, fever
generally present and drooling from the mouth. The treat-
ment should be castor oil to physic, followed by 5-grain
capsules (three times daily) of Bismuth and Salol, with Pape’s
Diuretic tablet morning and night. After two or three days
of this treatment and the return of appetite, discontinue and
feed broths and eggs until strength returns.

Looseness of bowels and grayish feces are indicative of
intestinal mal-assimilation of food. Give castor oil and then

102 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

follow with tablets three times daily, compound of charcoal,
bismuth and pepsin. Diet should be very plain and simple,
until well; no solid foods. Salol is also a very good soothing
remedy for inflamed bowel conditions, in 3-grain doses, three
times daily.

Salmon Poisoning.

In the West, particularly in the Northwestern and Pacific
Coast States, Airedales are exposed at times to what is termed
“‘Salmoning,”’ or a condition of the intestinal system brought
about by eating stale raw salmon, which develops a ptomaine
poisoning of the system, and is very dangerous to life, many
hunting Airedales having succumbed to its frequent fatal re-
sults. One who is hunting near salmon streams has his
dogs exposed to it continually, as stale fish seems to be a very
attractive ration to any dog. The first symptom to be watched
for is a rather continued looseness of the bowels, loss of
normal appetite and general weakness. The dog should be
purged at once with castor oil, followed by a drench of fresh
tallow, and then given every day at night for two or three
days some good liver pill, or preferably calomel, two or three
grains. Follow this with the use of charcoal, bismuth and
pepsin tablets, or salol, bismuth and pepsin in capsules, three
times daily. Feed beef tea. If treated by this method soon
enough the dog’s life may be saved, but if the last stages of
virulent intestinal inflammation and continuous nausea have
developed, there is little hope for a recovery, as the animal
steadily sinks and nothing can seemingly stay the ravages of
the disease.

Prof. E. F. Pernot, M. S., State Bacteriologist for the
Oregon State Board of Health, has made exhaustive experi-
ments with numerous dogs affected by salmon poison, and a
full detailed account of these experiments is published in a
bulletin (Volume 5, No. 2), copies of which can be had by
applying to Prof. E. F. Pernot, 1011 Selling Building, Portland,
Oregon. As these experiments have been a most thorough
scientific analysis of this disease, the following brief excerpts
are quoted therefrom:

“Trout and salmon trout are well known to be particularly
virulent and the salmon after leaving the sea water and ascend-
ing the fresh water streams become virulent after inhabiting
fresh water for some time, but the salmon taken directly from
the sea or salt water do not cause the disease when eaten by
dogs.

“A dog that has been well salmoned and recovers from the
disease is immunized against subsequent attacks, as shown by
the experiments with the dog ‘Spottie. This has been con-
firmed by many owners of dogs, that if a salmoned dog re-
covers from ‘a severe attack of the disease, it never occurs
again.

DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT 103

“The first noticeable symptoms of this disease occurs in-
variably nine days after the fish has been eaten. The dog
becomes mopish, desires to lie down and refuses to take food.
If the temperature be taken previous to appearance of symptom
it first will be found to rise from normal to 101-102 F., to
1¢5.3 on the seventh day, gradually decreasing from the eighth
day to sub-normal, where it remains slightly fluctuating until
death, but never rising to the normal or maximum again. Dur-
ing the course of low temperature the dog appears to be cold
and curls up as if it were suffering with abdominal pains. No
food is taken after the first symptoms appear, but there is a
constant desire to drink which, if allowed, is followed by
vomiting.

“The most effective time for administering the calomel is
about the third day after the first symptoms have been ob-
served, or after the dog has appeared very sick and vomiting.
Our experience has been that if the calomel is given in the last
stages of the disease it causes intense suffering, owing to the
highly inflamed condition of the intestines, and the dog being
in such a weak, emanciated condition, usually dies from exhaus-
tion in a short time.

“The efficiency of calomel as a specific for salmon poison-
ing has been repeatedly verified by dog owners. Reports have
been received from the same owner of six recoveries out of
eight cases, two of the dogs that died having other compli-
cations.”’

Some owners who hunt their dogs in salmon districts pin
much faith to immunizing their dogs before exposure to trout
or salmon streams, by feeding salmon and trout, together
with plenty of fresh tallow. Some use bacon. The effect
of this diet seems to be to lighten the influence of the disease
on the dog’s system, such that not unlike a dog’s once having
had a mild case of distemper, he is immune to further ex-
posure to the contraction of it again.

Whatever treatment is used, there seems to be a concensus.
of opinion that fresh tallow or lard should be given, following
purgatives. Quinine as a tonic daily is also beneficial.

Fleas; How to Get Rid of Them.

Fleas are said to be the medium for the spread of many
ailments in dogs. If a dog is diseased the little flea is cer-
tainly capable of being a germ carrier and can spread them
around in lively fashion. It is therefore of utmost importance
to keep the kennel free from their annoyance. It is a simple
matter if one adopts the right method. Fleas thrive and breed
freely in dusty bedding, dusty ground and dirty coats. Keep the
kennels swept clean, and never allow the bedding to get old
and dusty. In summer months, wash kennels out frequently
and by sprinkling keep the ground from getting too dusty. If
you notice your dog scratches much, examine his coat care-
fully, particularly on the breast and groin, and if fleas are

104 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

present, they are readily seen. Take the dog out of doors, on
lead, and having secured him, use a cloth dipped in a cup of
benzine or coal oil, rubbing the coat all over with it, being
careful in young puppies not to wet the skin, and always being
careful not to spill any into the dog’s coat, as coal oil will at
times injure the hair root follicles. Simply rubbing well over
the outside of the coat will kill every flea. The dog should
then be given a long run, allowed to roll in dust, given a
swim or a good wash, comb the coat out or brush out when
dry, as a dormant flea has a special aptitude for quickening
its pulse.

For dogs kept in a kennel yard (puppies and brood ma-
trons), with a shoe dobbing brush, rub onto breast and groin,
back of ears, base of neck and tail, crude petroleum, to which
is added a little Carbolineum. This mixture is sticky stuff
and keeps fleas away longer than other treatments and pre-
vents their breeding and hatching.

Kennel flooring should be kept powdered with fresh slacked
lime and if planings are used for bedding, mix powdered lime
in with it. Fleas will not remain on floors frequently limed.
Paint sleeping bench with crude petroleum and spray with
Zenoleum.

Goitre.

The thyroid gland on either side of the larynx at times
develops a painless swelling and enlargement called goitre,
due to unnecessary exposure, to draughts or a dog’s lying on
cold and damp ground when his system is particularly sus-
ceptible to taking cold. Puppies that are kept for the first
month or two on a cold cement basement floor are pretty sure
to develop goitre. There is generally little real danger from
a goitre, except young puppies, but it is a serious blemish to a
dog’s appearance, when particularly noticeable. A_ slight
goitre will generally be outgrown and absorb itself. The dog
should be kept in the best of physical condition, purgatives
given once or twice a week, and cod liver oil occasionally
(every alternate day) is most helpful. Treatment: Shave
neck and paint daily with tincture of iodine. Give daily the
saturated solution of Iodide of Potash. Start with one drop
and increase dose one drop daily until fifteen drops are given.

Distemper.

Fortunately as yet Airedales, as a breed, are not partic-
ularly subject to this dread disease, which is so fatal in many
other less sturdy and hardy breeds. Distemper exists in all
countries, and appears generally in the spring and early fall.
months of the year. Authorities agree that it is not com-
municable to man but is very contagious in dogs. Most author-
ities agree that a dog need not have distemper, and the owner
of a dog whose health has been carefully safeguarded in com-

DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT 105

plying with the advice given previously herein need have little
to fear from this malady, but should your dog contract it as
Airedales at times do at shows (especially puppies), observe
carefully the directions given in the following treatise on this
disease:

Distemper, at its inception, shows a disturbed and inflamed
condition of the mucous membraneous tissues of the alimentary
canal. Its first usual symptom is a hard bronchial cough, with
some retching, irritated by excitement or nervousness, caused
by the stomach’s disturbed membraneous condition, as affected
by the developing disease.

The first thing to do when distemper is suspected and this
cough appears, even if the dog is otherwise in apparently good
health, is to confine the dog in some inside warm quarters,
where air is good and floor dry. In being neglectful about
confining the dog, when this bronchial trouble first develops,
the owner is coupling up a lot of unnecessary trouble later on
as the disease develops. Thinking because the dog is lively
that this cough is nothing more than a slight throat irritation
or cold is a serious mistake, especially if the dog is allowed
to sleep out in all kinds of weather, which conditions soon
develop acute bronchial troubles, generally pneumonia, and in
most every case pneumonia is fatal in dog life. The next im-
portant move is to administer vermifuge (especially to expel
the tape worm if suspected), as the patient will be severely
handicapped if the intestinal tract is not free from parasites.

Distemper develops much more slowly than generally
thought. The primary infection of the disease can be allayed
by prompt and efficient attention, while the secondary infec-
tions manifest themselves in different ways and develop condi-
tions which may prove fatal. <A dog is first noticed to be “off
his feed.’’ Soon the cough is noticed in the morning and at
night. In @ week or ten days’ time his eyes likely begin to
run and show a granulation and sticky discharge. The nose
will in certain forms of the disease also discharge thick
purulent yellow mucus.

Much depends on a dog’s natural robustness of health, as to
what extent distemper will develop and advance in its various
stages. If a dog is particularly strong and vigorous, he may
be off his regulation diet for a few days and show no partic-
ular signs of illnes, not even a cough, and though known to
have been exposed to this contagion, is over it and immune,
for all dogs once having had distemper seem to be forever im-
mune to a second attack. When a dog reaches the mucus-
discharge stage of the disease, the owner can expect a month
or more of close confinement, involving regular nursing and
eareful attention.

Isolation of the patient is of great importance, kept con-
fined and free from any activity and excitement due to the

106 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

———

company of other dogs, as fever is always present in distemper
and the quieter the patient is kept the better. Be sure and do
this when cough first appears, for if this first move is made
promptly and faithfully adhered to, your dog will have but a
mild case and thus be saved all of the deleterious effects of the
ravages of the worse forms of the disease, and more than
likely in a couple of weeks be over it.

Treatment.

The use of canine distemper virus is advisable if the as-
sistance of a competent veterinarian is to be had. This is
administered subcutaneously by means of any hypodermic
syringe. Parke, Davis & Company issue an instructive pamph-
let on Canine Distemper Vaccine both as a preventative and
as acurative. This treatment is in accord with the present-day
advancement in the scientific prevention of disease and its
cure. While not a ‘“‘sure cure,’ as records have shown the
mortality to have been 21.9 per cent, this treatment is to be
commended.

If at first the dog is seemingly prostrated, one good dose
of castor oil is a helpful beginning, followed by liver pills.
If the dog refuses food for a couple of days, it will do him no
harm whatever to let him go without food. The early stages
of this disease are accompanied by such intestinal conditions
that food is a real menace to the dog’s condition. Do not
urge or force food. His natural hunger and desire for food is
the best indication of when his system is in fit shape to
receive it.

As soon as the dog begins to show unmistakable signs of
the symptoms of distemper cited, and has been tied up, begin
giving daily the following tablet, which will allay the worst
tendencies of the disease, and often in themselves effect a com-
plete recovery: Compound tablet, bismuth, charcoal and
pepsin (or capsules, salol 9 gr., bismuth 10 gr., and pepsin
3% gr.), obtainable from any druggist. Give pups one each,
three or four times daily, and grown dogs two tablets three
times daily. Their effect is in the way of soothing the in-
flamed intestinal parts, removing the toxine poisons and to
assist the weakened condition of food digestion and assimila-
tion.

The writer has found in his personal experience this plan
of treatment dependable and if the vaccine method is not
available or used, successful recoveries will be attained by
adhering rigidly to these directions, for Airedales decently
eared for in healthy, warm quarters, very rarely succumb to
. this disease, or are sick more than a few days.

In distemper the feces are usually greenish, rank and
strong smelling, indicating a decidedly unhealthy condition of

DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT 10%

the bowels, in the cause of which both stomach indigestion and
lack of intestinal digestion or mal-assimilation share. This
condition, if allowed to remain without care, results in the
ulcerous and intestinal form of the disease which commonly
develops when owners are too anxious to keep their dog eating
good rich food. There is no necessity for this form of the
disease ever developing, and it is one of the worst forms of
the disease, when advanced, and in many cases ends fatally.
The capsules or tablets above described will soothe and tone
up the inflamed intestinal condition and make a dog’s appetite
for food good again, and gradually bring about the conditions
which permit healthy, well-formed feces. When this is accom-
plished, more than half the battle is fought and won, and
the use of salol and bismuth or charcoal should then be limited.
As long as a dog is running off in a diarrhetic condition, the
distemper germ seems to thrive, and is capable of producing
all sorts of gastrical and intestinal troubles which are very
difficult to cure.

Diet.

The best diet for puppies and for mature dogs that refuse
their regular food, during distemper, and are loose in the
bowels, is boiled milk.

In feeding give a sick dog simple but nourishing food in
moderate quantity, the aim being to keep up the strength.
Cod liver oil daily is good when convalescent; also fresh beef
cut fine on bread and egg-nogs when the patient is very weak
Avoid alcoholic stimulants, except in the last stages of the
disease. :

If the patient becomes much weakened by the ravages of
the disease, and is in need of a good daily tonic, give quinine.
Puppies one grain twice daily and grown dogs two grains daily.
Quinine should be given sparingly to dogs of high-strung and
nervous temperaments. The object in general is to sufficiently
bolster up the weakened organism in order that it may suc-
cessfully throw off the accumulating toxine poisons which per-
meate the system. After the salol or bismuth capsules have
shown good results, it is well to stimulate the kidneys, espe-
cially if the cough is continuous. The use of Papes Diuretic
tablets will be found beneficial in cleansing the system.

Should a dog have developed the purulent mucus-discharge
or acute bronchial stages before treatment as recommended
herein has been followed, lose no time in making q beginning,
and if the conditions are serious, secure the aid of a competent
veterinary, preferably one who has had some experience in
canine practice. While it is possible to direct the care of the
advanced stages of the disease, those inexperienced in the care
and treatment of a very sick dog would become discouraged
before the period of the disease had half expired, for a dog

108 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

once down with distemper added to which pneumonia has set
in, and virulent membraneous discharges, is going to be a very
sick dog for a month or two.

When the nasal passages are badly clogged up with mucus,
spray with an atomizer twice daily, using peroxide of hydrogen
or oil of eucalyptus.

A dog rarely ever dies from distemper per se. The com-
plications which develop in the weakened system are invari-
ably the direct cause of death.

A blanket sewed onto the patient that shows sign of
quick breathing and pneumonia is a necessary aid. Poulticing
is excellent, especially with antiphygistene.

Don’t pour food down a sick dog, when he hasn’t ability
to either hold or digest it. It only makes him worse.

Don’t exercise a distemper patient.

Don’t get anxious if your dog does not eat for two days.
It is better for him not to. He won’t die of starvation.

Don’t allow him to get his feet wet.

Don’t wash a dog when convalescent from distemper, no
matter how foul he may be. Powder him with flour or Fuller’s
Earth. Brush, comb and clean.

Don’t give your dog his liberty as soon as he begins to
feel better. Keep him there until well. A relapse is sometimes
fatal.

The writer has found the mortality practically nil in his
own experience in caring for Airedales during distemper as
here recommended.

Chorea.

This malady (similar to St. Vitus dance) is a condition
brought on by an impaired system, affecting the nervous organ-
ism, and its first symptoms are uncontrollable twitchings of
the muscles of the limbs, jaw or skull beats. It is generally
the consequence of distemper, where the individual has had a
long and hard siege of it, and the constitution much under- °
mined. Bathing or even a chill from wetting of feet in a
convalescent dog from distemper will at times bring it on.
Any treatment is far from yielding satisfactory results. In
cases where its attack but slightly inconveniences the dog,
general tonic and stimulative treatment will help its control,
but in severe cases it is more humane to chloroform the suf-
ferer, or give small capsule of Prussic Acid, which is a hu-
mane method of ending a life of constant suffering or
weakness. . S| |

Dew-Claws. | | > en

Dew-claws or a superfluous claw attached to inside of
hocks or pastern by skin or loose tissues are sometimes found
on Airedales as in other breeds. They should be clipped off

DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT 109

close to the hock as soon as discovered with a pair of sharp
scissors or wire cutters.

Naval Hernia.

This is a protrusion of the intestine at the navel opening
of the abdominal wall, and is of the nature of a rupture, though
never seemingly to seriously affect the dogs’ physical condi-
tion or hunting ability. If but a small protrusion it is well
enough to let it alone, and nature seems to form a bit denser
skin protection over it. If the protrusion is large enough to
be a menace to the dog’s health, have a veterinary surgeon
operate, which operation is a simple one, it being necessary
to put the intestine back in place and put one or two stitches
in the abdominal wall opening, which soon heals. Hernia is
commonly found in dogs, and seems to be an inheritance.
Prolapsus of the Vagina.

This is a falling down or protrusion of the inner walls
and is caused by a strain at or previous to the breeding season
of a bitch. Some pack the walls back into place with ab-
sorbent cotton, and when the protrusion is very bad, an ope-
ration by a veterinary surgeon is advisable, but in ordinary
cases the following will be found to be entirely successful:
Insert daily, soluble capsules (six or eight grains) of com-
pound alum. This puckers the membraneous tissues, and
assists the muscle tissues in re-establishing their natural state.
Parts should be pushed back into place daily.

Table of Doses.

The following table of doses of some of the principal drugs
will be valuable for occasional reference:

Castor Oil, 1%4 to 2 oz., as a laxative, the best ‘“‘first aid’’
reliance.

Syrup of Buckthorn, Va to 2 oz., as a laxative.

Epsom Salts, 1 to 4 drachms, as a laxative.

Powdered Sulphur, 1 to 3 drachms, as a laxative, given in
milk or mollases, or both.

Calomel, 2 to 4 grains, followed by salts twelve hours later.

Areca Nut (powdered), 1 to 2 grains for each one pound
dog weighs, best given in molasses or cooking oil and milk,
or white of an egg, followed by castor oil two hours later,
or salts.

Santonin, 1 to 5 grains. For puppies, 1 to 3 grains two
or three times a day for two days, then follow with castor oil.
For removal of round worms. (Combined with calomel it is
very effective).

Extract of Male Fern, 10 to 30 drops, always in oil. Very
powerful remedy for tape worm, use sparingly, and followed
by castor oil.

110 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Oil of Turpentine, 10 to 30 drops, given with same pre-
caution as Male Fern, in capsules with 5 drops Creolin.

Thymol: A reliable expeller of all intestinal parasites.
Dose for puppies, 2 grains in capsules. Grown dogs 5 grains
in capsules, always followed by salts.

Sulphate of Quinine, 1 to 2 grains, as a tonic.

Salicylate of Sodium, 5 to 15 grains; valuable remedy in
acute rheumatism.

Subnitrate of Bismuth or Salol, 3 to 10 grains; useful in
gastritis and dysentery; given in combination in 5-grain
capsules.

Champion Illuminator

CHAPTER IX.

SHOWING AIREDALES.

Dog shows will always be one of
the most important functions for
which a dog’s career is planned, be.
cause they so largely benefit his
usefulness, in bringing the individ-
ual’s merits into competition before
the public, making it thus possible
to establish a widely known and ad-
vertised fame and reputation, in-
creasing his appreciable value, and
furnishing to all fanciers and breed-
ers an annual incentive in a con-
tinual chain of public competitions
and show fixtures, that incite con-
stantly increasing ambitions, which
steadily enhance a breed’s welfare.
The public generally are most inter-
ested in what fies can see and study according to their own
notions. In the realm of trade the display window is the most
important equation for a succesful merchant. The best of
anything, if kept out of sight, does not get its due recognition
and commensurate value, for public interest must be stimu-
lated by a free acquaintance and knowledge in the personal
seeing and inspection of what attracts. It is therefore incum-
bent on one interested in the success of any breed of dogs to
exhibit same at every possible opportunity, and not keep what
are considered to be good ones at home.

Airedale fanciers have so far shown an increasing and
commendable interest in bringing their favorite breed before
the public eye each year since they were first shown in any
number in America. While as early as 1881 in a rough-haired
terrier class, Airedales were shown by M. C. H. Mason and
Mr. Harry W. Lacy, pioneer importers of the breed, they were
not taken hold of and exhibited much at shows until the late
nineties, but since then and for the past decade Airedale classes
at all the leading shows throughout the country have taken
their place among the principal breeds exhibited, until at
present nearly one hundred of the breed are annually shown
at the largest show, that of the Westminster Kennel Club,
New York, and as evidence of Airedales becoming the leading
breed in America the present registration of Airedales exceed
other breeds in number except Boston Terriers, and they seem

112 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

to be overtaking the Bostons steadily. It was in 1898 that this
show first opened classes for the breed. In England the Aire-
dale has been a popular and prominent show breed. As early
as 1875, V. Shaw speaks of their being shown at local shows,
and at the present day the breed maintains its hold on public
favor and support in large entries at all principal shows. It
is this kind of interest that continually tends to popularize a
breed, as the public interest is kept alive and keenly awake to
the standard merits shown in the competition of notable dogs,
whose ranks are replenished each year with new and famous
imported winners and American-bred celebrities.

Airedale fanciers cannot lend their individual aid in any
more effective manner toward steadily keeping the breed to the
front before the American public, than by losing no opportunity
of exhibiting dogs at shows within reach, not with an idea of
carrying off prizes, but to swell the number of dogs exhibited
so that the breed will have a creditable showing. It is sur-
prising what an interest in the breed is created at every show,
in which a good entry is made. There is always a first time
for everyone to become acquainted with the breed’s attractive
characteristics, and at a public show such experiences and
converts are common and most beneficial to one and all inter-
ested fanciers in steadily enlarging the field of the breed’s
popularity.

Registering.

Before entering a dog for exhibition at any show one
should have the dog registered in the Kennel Club of the
country under whose auspices the show is given. This is a
simple matter and needs but a request by mail to have a regis-
tration blank mailed to the owner, who in turn copies down
the pedigree and other information desired about the dog’s
breeding and returns it for entry in the Stud Book, on the pay-
ment of a usual fee of $1.00. The number of the registration
is then mailed to the owner in form of a certificate. The
registering of a dog is most beneficial independent of showing
a dog, in that the registry always preserves a record of one’s
breeding for reference and gives a kennel a reputation of hav-
ing recognized and registered stock, regarding the genuineness
of which there can be no future question or doubt.

When a dog’s breeding has once been registered, the loss
of the owner’s copy of pedigree is easily replaced by sending
for a certified copy of the same from the Stud Book records.
There is increased stability in the appearance of any pedigree
in which the greater portion of the dogs named are shown to
be registered dogs. The requirements for registration vary
with the different stud books, some requiring three known
generations and others four known generations of ancestry
and certificates from the owners of sire and dam at the time

SHOWING AIREDALES 113

of mating, certifying to the correctness of the pedigree claimed.
In order to exhibit a dog at a show given under the auspices
of the American Kennel Club it is necessary to register (or
list) a dog in A. K. C. Stud Book. This is the oldest stud book
record in America, having registered nearly 275,000 dogs up
to January, 1920. Other stud book records and registrations
are kept by the Canadian Kennel Club, the Field Dog Stud
Book, and United Kennel Club.

When wishing to register an Airedale in either one of these
stud books, write the Secretary, asking for registration blanks,
addressing

Secretary American Kennel Club, 221 Fourth Avenue, New
York City.

Secretary Canadian Kennel Club, Toronto, Canadia.

Secretary Field Dog Stud Book, Masonic Temple, Chicago,
Illinois.

United Kennel Club, 3410 Beach Avenue, Chicago, illinois.

A very useful form of registration is that furnished by
the United Kennel Club, especially for owners not particularly
interested in exhibiting Airedales at shows, in which event
registration in club under whose auspices show is held is
desirable. For those not in the show game, the U. K. Club
furnishes a dependable form of registration at the norainal
cost of 25 cents each, and registers each puppy in a iitter for
the total of $1.00 per litter. Its system certificates and
certified pedigrees are all that can be desired.

Conditioning.

In preparing an Airedale for exhibition at any show one
should make a start soon enough to have the advantage of all
favorable conditions. An Airedale is naturally an easy dog to
condition for a show. In order that he may be shown in ex-
cellent form, exercise and good feeding are essential. A show
dog should not be heavy in flesh but hard in muscle, the result
of outdoor exercise. Swimming in salt water brings the coat
into excellent condition. Except for one good cleaning wash,
do not wash an Airedale in preparing him for show. The
coat should be combed out carefully and brushed with a
good stiff coarse brush every day for a month or six weeks
pefore a show. This removes the dead or old coat and brings
out in sharp relief the new coat. Mix flax seed meal in with
food for two weeks before show, or if eggs are plentiful,
ad” these (raw) to the dog’s diet, and the coat will glisten
with a sparkle most attractive in appearance. The coat should
be cleaned out and brushed with Fuller’s Harth, especially
each day at a show and previous thereto.

Trimming.

The special preparation of the coat to materially improve

the dog’s typical appearance is called trimming, and is uni-

114 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

versally practiced and recognized as necessary to place the dog
in competition in suitable shape, to have his individual type
appear to best advantage. It is a simple process and needs
but a little study and experience for anyone to become adept
at it. In England and at all the leading American shows, ter-
riers are put down in competition trimmed to various stages
of perfection. Some are overdone, but the majority are greatly
improved in their show appearance by it. The aim is to remove
the rough edges in full-coated dogs, especially about the head
and neck. Briefly, to properly trim an Airedale, pluck with
thumb and finger the skull from eye-brows back to neck, also
long coat of neck, cheeks, neck fringe or frill and under the
jaw out to about half way from the flews to muzzle. By
plucking is meant the removing of the outer coat, a little at
a time, leaving the under coat smooth and uniform in texture.
This should be done some days before a show, and edges of
joining with body coat evened up. The idea is to show the
excellent type of head in an Airedale, exaggerating in appear-
ance a bit the length of the head, with a full, wide fore-face
and depth of jaw, which the whiskers left ip place emphasize.
In place of plucking with thumb and finger, plucking-combs
can be used, or clippers, but one must be an expert with their
use to trim neatly and not too much, as a cut coat does not
look well. Never use scissors on an Airedale’s coat. Old
coat and fluff is removed readily by using a piece of a band
saw. One strip (cut) makes six or eight good stripping combs,
at a trifling cost. A full-coated Airedale, in order to be
shown in attractive coat, should be stripped of the outer coat
two or three months before a show, giving the new coat a
good growth by show time. Clipping the body coat is not
advisable, as it tends to strengthen the growth of any tend-
ency to fluff in a coat.

While under certain show rules there is a disposition to
penalize trimming, the intent is seemingly to bar faking, which
in England crept into the show-game, in the dyeing of coats
to a desired color, etc. Legitimate plucking and trimming is
now recognized as an aim to improve the dog’s show appear-
ance, much after the accepted custom of humanity preferring
to have the benefit of the accepted and conventional neatness
of a barber’s skill, rather than allow nature’s tendencies to go
uncurbed. No deception of importance is possible in legiti-
mate trimming before the experienced eye of an accredited
terrier judge, as the general type of dog is undisturbed and a
dog of poor type, even if well trimmed, cannot win against a
better type, either inadequately trimmed or not trimmed at all.
Diet and elbow grease are the best conditioners of a naturally
good coat.

SHOWING AIREDALES 115

Champions of Both Continents
(1) Champion Master Royal. (2) Champion York Sceptre.

116 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Showing and Handling.

The preparing of a dog for good manners when being shown
in the ring at a show is something that needs much attention.

The individual should have been early accustomed to lead
freely and strongly, pulling well, associating pleasure and
action with the idea of being led, and when desired, accustomed
to stand eargerly at attention. Snapping the finger or some-
thing thrown, or the scent of a piece of well-cooked liver, are
good aids to get the attention desired, having the dog ac-
customed when not moving to stand facing handler on loose
lead, alert and watchful of motions of the free hand of handler.
Many a real good typy dog has failed to win simply because he
is a poor mover and shower in the ring, being unaccustomed
to what is wanted in making him appear well. The more
action and life a dog exhibits while on lead, the better he will
appear in the ring, as a judge can only judge of what he sees
at the time and can’t give undue allowance for what imaginary
good points the dog might have to show, if better handled.
The ears are important, and the dog should be accustomed to
holding them well up in attentive position. His legs and feet
should be kept in uniform and typical position, head and neck
well up always. Most important of all, bear in mind in
handling a dog in the show ring, that it is the dog that is
being shown to best advantage and nothing else. Keep the
dog you are handling always in full view of the eyes of the
judge, as he is there to get a critical estimate of the dog in a
very brief space of time and wishes to see all he can of him
and in constant comparison with others in competition, so if
the dog is behind the handler or another dog and not at all
times in good position to show his type off to favorable ad-
vantage, the dog is materially handicapped. A good habit to
get into is to keep the dog always between the handler and
the judges, no matter in what part of the ring you are placed.
A good handler rarely ever takes his eye off the dog he is
handling until the awards are distributed. Give the dog all
the help you can, aS he may need it, and always accept a
favorable or unfavorable decision by the judge with equanim-
ity, as being the honest conviction of his judgment, and if not
quite pleasing, try again under some other judge at another
show. The awards at a dog show are, after all, but one man’s
judgment on the dogs in competition, and while one judge
may have much public reputation as a judge and accepted
authority, the best of them at times overlook something good
and make mistakes, as humian nature is the same everywhere
and not infallible. By the time the dog has been passed upon
by three or four different judges in varying competition at
different shows, the owner will know to a certainty the limita-
tions and winning capacity of his entry, and will have learned

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SHOWING AIREDALES

118 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

much as to type and comparative merits in the breed exhibited,
if inclined to be a close observer.

The care of a dog at a show is an important matter and one
which if neglected is liable to bring on troublesome ailments.
The tendency is to feed altogether too much, in view of the
necessary confinement on chain in the stall. Meat is com-
monly fed to dogs not accustomed to it. It is better to feed
only one moderate meal, at night, when things begin to quiet
down a bit, and give water sparingly (but twice daily) as it
only makes a dog uncomfortable, when not at liberty. Exer-
cise regularly, and keep your dog on chain even when exercis-
ing, to avoid accident. The Airedale is capable of taking care
of himself well enough, but precaution is advisable. The
constant tugging at collar and chain, due to excitement from
the passing public and dogs, tests to the utmost the strength
of kennel fastenings. Be certain that your dog has a
collar that will not slip or part, and a good strong swivel
chain, with fastenings at both ends. The dog on bench should
be tied short enough to prevent fighting with dog in adjoining
stall, and to avert jumping off bench, and hanging. Many a
dog has been lost permanently by negligence of the owner in
not carefully observing these necessary provisions.

Champion Airedales.

The title of ‘“‘Champion,’’ the highest honor and distinguish-
ment in a show-dog’s career, is awarded to dogs that are suc-
cessful enough in their show days to make the necessary win-
nings. In England at certain of the larger shows, the E. K.
C. awards a Champion Certificate to the winning dog and
bitch. Before a dog gains the title he must win the Champion-
ship Certificate three times. Under the American and Cana-
dian Kennel Club rules, a dog must be the winner in the
Winners’ Class enough times to win a total of fifteen (A. K. C.)
and ten (C. K. C.) Championship points, before being recorded
as a Champion. The number of points allotted to each show
is regulated by the total number of exhibits and the section
of the country in which a show is held, the aim being to have
the character of competition govern, the larger the show, the
more Champion points allowed.

A dog that has gained the title of Champion is to be
regarded as a dog having possessed in exhibition form superior
standard type of the breed and as such a valuable asset in
ancestral lineage.

While Champions do not dependably beget Champions in
breeding, it is noteworthy that many of the famous Champion
sires have become sires of Champions as well. A Champion
stud naturally is mated to more bitches of superior merit than
other good sires, and thus has favored opportunities to pro-

SHOWING AIREDALES 119

duce stock of merit. The following Champions sired dogs
that became Champions to the number indicated:

Clonmel Monarch (9), Master Briar (5), Crompton Oorang
(5), York Masterpiece (4), Bolton Woods Briar (4), Red
Raven (3), Rock Salt (3), The New King (3), Endcliffe Crack
(3), Matlock Bob (2), The Gamecock (2), Crompton Performer
(2), Master Royal (2), Rockley Oorang (2), Midland Royal
(Cul)

On the other hand, many notable sires that were not them-
selves Champions proved their prepotent value in type, in that
their get became Champions. For example:

Elruge Monarch was the sire of 5 Champions, Odsal Crack
(4), Crompton Marvel (4), Floriform (3), Wyndhill Vandal
(3), Rock Ferry Test (2), Hindman Briar (2), Briarwood (2),
Briar Test (2).

The Hunting Pack
Cc, Cobb and his Airedales in the mountains of Montana.

120 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

AIREDALE CHAMPIONS

List of Airedales that have been awarded the title of
Champion, for having made the required number of ‘‘wins’’
at dog shows held under the auspices of either the Kennel
Club of England, the American Kennel Club or the Canadian
Kennel Club.

(In revising this list to 1919, the author wishes to ac-
knowledge the valuable assistance of Mr. Nelson H. Acheson,

of Seattle, and Mr. Geo. H. Dieust, of Denver).

Abbey King Nobbler 161928 Colne Hedgley Flicker 126501
Abrecorn Goid Edge Colne Lucky Baldwin 71660
Adios Tempest 151264 Colne Nut Brown Maiden 8242
Afton Queen Oorang 191589 Colne Walton Flyaway 8243
Aireshire Lad 110096 Courtland Isabel 104014
Alban Lass 407-P Courtland Kitty 104015
Almonte Peggy Can. Crofton Chum 380-S—198921
Arthington Tinner 1266-C Crompton Almida 1592-J
Attleborough Lassie Crompton Oorang 1591-J
Auckland Lucky Stone 10808 Crompton Performer 638-L
Culmington Nettle 562-M
Babs 121996 Culmington Vixen 445-N
Bachelors Boy Can. Columbus 9108
Bachelors Masterpiece Can.
Barkerend Lillian 55695 Dany Craig Commander Shia
Baughfell Briar 169935 Dany Craig King 671-L
Beau Bell Scrapper Dargle Deputy 382-S
Bilmer Bingo 182455 Delph Girl 73252—1251-G
Bilmer Fol de Rol 226017 Derryfield Nell 120492
Bingley Biossom 165195 Dunbarton Lass 60636
Bircheliffe Oorang Can. Dunbarton Rattler 234-3
Bolton W'oods Blossom 79338 Dunbarton Sceptre 1261-H
Bolton Woods Briar 76088 Dunbarton Sunflower 1262-H
Bolton Woods Rush 381-R
Bothwell Sorceress 151862 Elms Primus 224431
Briars Masterpiece 109205 El Sur Roseben 158917
Brickfield Molly 170256 Endecliffe Commander 135910
Briergate Bright Beauty 224419 Endcliffe Crack 92029
Briergate Bright Light 184247 Endcliffe Radiance 112107
Briergate Rex Persaltum 197791 Endcliffe Victoria 115116
Broadland’s Bashful 1270-C
Broadland’s Royal Descendant Farleigh Mikado 80680
1667-E Felday Countess 541-Q
Brush Felden Flower Girl 633-li
Buck’s Sunflower 91309 Ferryhill Flyer 93-R
Flo 106310
Caerphilly Performer 1627-S Flornell Oorang 2238-R
Cherry Tree Queen 203799 Freeman Terror 539-M—134384
Chesney Cherry Circle 197082
Cholmondeley Briar 82967 Geelong Cadet 184608
Clonmel Bedrock 1003-E—100376 Gold Heels 159572
Clonmel Cadet 157413 Greystone Growler 10895
Clonmel Chorister A121994—323-E
Clonmel Command 147087 Harry Jones 117843
Clonmel Coronation 100377 Hasting’s Clipper 54761
Clonmel Imperious 257-R—156304 Hasting’s Mona 54763
Clonmel Isonomy 147088 Heathcote Enchantress 196785
Clonmel Kitty 984-B Hedgeley Flare 131158
Clonmel Marvel 985-B—51612 Hedgley Flash 119486
Clonmel Master Magic Hedgeley Flicker 126501
879-S—165589 Highgate Kitty 69791
Clonmel Mesalliance 137076 Highgate Kitty Jr. 107518
Clonmel Monarch 855-E—61021 His Highness 173807
Clonmel Rough and Ready 142460 Huckleberry Lass 1393-J

AIREDALE CHAMPIONS

———_——————ESESEESeSeeSeSsSSSSSSSSSSSSsSssssee

Illuminator 295-N
Ingafield Wild Rose 116679
Ingaflora 98395
Judge Dexter 124044
Kenmare Caprice 190316
Kenmare Conjuror 185580
Kenmare Sorceress 144241
Killarney Christmas Bells Can.

Killarney Marion Can.
Killarney Regent
Killarney Tittle Tattle
King Nobblers Double
15442—190852

King Oorang 147494
Kirks Patricia

Kismet Flashlight 92651
Tismet Rockferry Pounder 83018
Kootenai Chinook 160417
Kootenai Firebrand 166013
Kootenai Radiance 137831
Lady Alice 72291
Lady Tempest 77188 .
Lake-Dell Damsel 131381
Lance Corporal Smythe 526-M
Lancroft’s Dawn 154603
Larchmere Bittersweet 120014
Larchmere Flashlight 120913

Larchmere Mistress Magnet 135096

Larchmere Surprise 132934
Legram’s Lass

Legram’s Prince 104-G
Legram’s Princess 1269-H
Lillian Jones 117845
Longhill Doris 127317
Longhill Peggy 109178
Majestic 11747
Master Briar 1261-B

Master Royal
93908-A—1271-H—C. K. C.

Matlock Bob 117733
McConnell’s Queen 158312
Midland Master G. Can.
Midland Royal 1606-3
Miss Masterpiece 1274-H
Mistress Royal 133-3
Motor Dace 111707
Normanton Tipit 220392
Oakwell Monarch

Otley Chevin 1281-0
Pilgrim Yellow Jacket 126411
Polam Maxim 258029
Polam Milkmaid 177237
Prince Hal 85612
Prince of York 144287
Princess Royston Tess 103713
Queen of Lyons 182208
Rebound Oorang

Red Raven 105646

a PAA
Red Sunlight 79555
Ridgecote Anticipation 114097
Riding Master 122108
Rhosddu Royalist 260731—258-V
Rock King 132-3
Rockley Oorang 452-N
Rock Prince 69790
Rock Salt 1347-D
Rockferry Vixen 1345-D
Rover III 13825
Rowsley Regina 93991
Royal Regent 1582-3
Rustic Kitty
Sandown Deiph Girl 73252
Scamp Rock Oorang 168644
Selil’s Debutante 138586
Silver Birch Banker Can.
Sitting Bull 119580
Soo Floradora 178783
Soudan Stamboul 151449
Soudan Swiveller 150891
Springbrook Diamond 455-N
Springbrook Sceptre 149988
Springbank Sunshine 394-R
Sweet Moreen 682-L
Tanglewood Una 115895
Thayerdale Tenny 134096
The Gamecock 99702
The Marchioness 104222
The New King 65826
The Norseman 121995
Tintern Tip Top 203798
Tintern Royalist 432-P—135457
Tommy Tucker II
Tone Chief 1601-3
Tone Crack 1350-D
Tone Jerry 1825-C
Tone Masterpiece 1165-E
Tone Regent 1679-F
Unexpected 147086
Vickery Aman Gem 212612
Vickery Rainbow 180387
Vickery Soubrette 168293
Vickery Vesta 156188
Vixen III
Watland’s Marvel 118-M
Wissahicken Chief 122107
Woodman Doll 49-N
Wyndhill Diana 99703
Wyndhill Tackle 88887
Wynton Tyke 104056
York Master Key 183701
York Masterpiece 80148
York Ryburn Swell 184814
York Sceptre 80150
York The Conqueror 85935
York The Haymaker 124409
York the Hayseed 93784
York Victoria 91704
Young King Nobbler 174664

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

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CHAPTER X.

AIREDALES VS. HOUNDS.

Hunting the larger game animals with dogs will always
be keenly attractive to sportsmen the world over. Its rec-
reation takes one into an environment that no other sport
offers, as the hunter’s life is at all times imbued with the
splendors of nature in their primeval state. For centuries
back mankind has been prone to hunt wild game, and as civil-
ization has advanced, the development of the instincts of
hunting dogs to a high state of perfection has been note-
worthy. ‘‘Following the hounds’’ has been a sport for Royalty
and gentry alike. In the pursuit of wild game animals in
America, the assistance of dogs is a necessity, for in thick
timber, brush lands and mountainous regions still hunting
could avail but little, and more than half the sport is in follow-
ing the varying experiences of a good bunch of hunting dogs,
with its inspiring language, as constantly in vogue, through the
barking of the pack when on trail, or giving tongue as it is
termed. All who have once had the good fortune to hunt big
game with Airedales, with or without hounds, know what
an inspiring outing it is. It has for the most part now come
to be a matter of taking the dogs to likely districts for the
finding of game, and then when they take the trail in full
ery keep within hearing distance, and from experience in asso-
ciation with’ one’s dogs know what sort of game is being fol-
lowed, and when it is at bay. It requires great physical en-
durance on the part of the hunter as well as the dogs and oft-
times great exposure. Big game when pursued by dogs is
rarely dangerous, for the constant worrying gameness of the
dogs gives the pursued animals no time for offensive tactics.
Bear and cougar when close pressed seek refuge in either dense
thickets or tall trees, bob-cats and coons likewise. Grizzlies
and the Kodiak bear of Alaska are exceptions to this disposi-
tion, but are very successfully hunted with dependable dogs,
that do not flinch and are capable of keeping out of harm’s
way. In fact, the only safe method of hunting the most
dangerous of the bear species is to have two or three trusty
Airedales to keep the animal so much occupied that the
hunter has ample opportunity to place a fatal shot. While
hunters differ in their ideas as to whether it is best to hunt
Airedales with hounds or by themselves, the concensus of
opinion seems to be to have the ‘“‘mixed pack.’’ When there
are more than three or four Airedales in a hunting pack, say
eight or ten Airedales, the Airedale are included to develop

124 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

too much courage and with their keenness for the encounters
do not show their usual caution in keeping out of harm’s way,
such that the younger and smaller dogs get injured more fre-
quently than when the proportion of Airedales is less. The
influence of hounds seems to hold the ardor of Airedales in
check, and with two or three good hounds in a pack, Aire-
dales do their work most satisfactorily. _

There is a marked difference in the temperaments of the
hound as contrasted with the Airedale, which is shown in
their behavior over big game that has been killed. Hounds are
easily whipped off from the scramble over their prey and most
any sign of force is sufficient to get hounds off, when they
cease to have much further interest in the game killed. One
can’t go into a bunch of Airedales that are pulling and hauling
on a bear or cougar and scold and whip them off so easily. In
fact they are better handled by an entirely different method.
Their intense game blood is aroused by such a situation to the
point of great and almost uncontrollable excitement. If the
hunter gets in among them and diverts them by talking to
them, it is the easier method to separate and quiet them to
normal condition again. Using force on an Aidedale or several
of them when in this high state of nervous excitement is a bit
dangerous, aS young dogs are prone to be most jealous.

There has been much public discussion of the relative
merits of Airedales vs. Hounds in respect to their comparative
ability in the matter of trailing and hunting big game. Most
of the arguments and disputes which have been published on
the subject have been engendered by some fancier making too
big a claim for the Airedale. Those who breed and know the
Airedale and hunt continually with them, know his full capa-
bilities, and also his limitations, and are the first to disclaim
the sometimes expressed public belief that the Airedale as a
hunting dog is more of a Hound than anything else.

The difference between the character of the Airedale and
that of the Hound is such a wide and distinct one that it seems
needless to go very deeply into the subject, and yet the strik-
ing characteristics may be briefly stated with interest to some
who wish information on this very inquiry, ““How does the
Airedale as a hunter and trailer compare with the Hound?”

The Hound is essentially a trailer, and little more. He is
by build not constituted to be an aggressive fighter, though
there are hounds that are, but these are generally not the
pure-bred article. In fighting at close quarters, apart from
their lack of cleverness in knowing how to successfully tackle
quick and effectively, they are exposed to undue punishment
by the shortness of their coat and its lack of protection, and
also their long pendulous ears are exposed to frequent tears
and bad usage. Quickness in encounters they usually lack, as
they are naturally slow in motion, and their best service is

AIREDALES VS. HOUNDS 125

centered in the unfailing use of wonderful scenting powers.
There are experienced hounds that will work out for the
hunter trails which may be proved to be two or three days
old. Such work is essentially the Hound’s work, and not that
of the Airedale.

On the other hand, all hunters of wild animals, both small
and large, before the advent of the Airedale, were handi-
capped in having to depend solely on the Hound, and tried
unsuccessfully to develop what was wanted, viz.: a clever, hard-
fighting, fearless terrier, of powerful size, and one preferably
that could do some trailing. Many leading hunters produced a
dog of these accomplishments, from their own cross-breeding,
but these results established no breed, and could not breed on.
Their days were numbered, and while valiant as individuals,
all such soon passed along. Some years ago, while conversing
with Mr. Philip B. Stewart of Colorado Springs, a stalwart
friend and supporter of all the best that’s in the Airedale,
this subject came up for discussion, and I recall Mr. Stewart's
account of the most serviceable hunting dog in John Goff’s
pack, when on that notably Rocky Mountain hunt with Col.
Roosevelt and party, as being a nondescript bull and some-
thing else mixed, but a literal living wonder for courage and
aggressiveness, trailing and combat. It was not long after,
that this celebrated Rocky Mountain hunter, John Goff, began
to hear enough of the Airedale to interest himself in trying a
few of them, with the result that today his noted pack always
contains the Airedale. Here is a letter and some excerpts from
an article in Outdoor Life, which appeared in a discussion the
author had covering this very subject:

“Editor Outdoor Life: Your letter regarding the Airedale
Terrier has just been received. I left here (Cody, Wyo.) on
March 4 (1910) on a hunt in Colorado and Utah, and have just
arrived home. In regard to the Airedale’s nose, you can inform
Mr. Simonds that he had been misinformed. There is no com-
parison between the nose of the Airedale and that of the
Hound. The Airedale has a good nose for hot trailing, but
when a trail is ten hours old he can’t do anything with it.

“T have owned a great many hounds that would work out
a trail three days old. I have two dogs now that will run
a trail so cold that an Airedale can’t tell what they are
trailing, and they are just common hounds. But the Aire-
dale is hard to beat for hot trailing and fighting.

JOHN GOFF.”

Such a testimonial of the comparative value of the Aire-
dale and the Hound from as dependable authority on the sub-
ject speaks volumes in itself.

The most noted big game hunting packs in the West have
Airedales, and investigation will show that in cases where they
have been fortunate to get good Airedales and not the poorer

126 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Coon Hunting with an Airedale on Puget Sound

Lake-Dell Dick (62 lbs.) following scent over windfall above
a ravine. This picture was taken from bottom of ravine soon after
the coon was seen to cross the log; the Airedale in pursuit was
caught by the camera in action of following the scent. This wind-
fall is some 200 feet above the shores of Puget Sound, seen in the
background.

AIREDALES VS. HOUNDS 127

sort, the Airedale is not content with being a following-dog.
Most of them insist on taking the lead and quickly take the
scent, and being particularly swift trailers and hunters, are
usually the first to tree or hold at bay.

Those who know the Airedale do not claim him to be a
hound; far from it, as they are better than the Hound. Until
the advent of the Airedale the Hound was the only dependable
trailing dog. Now, the Airedale is not only a trailer but
something more, a hard-fighting terrier, game to the core, with
a thick coat that is a natural protection. This question is
simply a case of what inheritance, experience and education
develops when one has a good Airedale, for the green kennel-
raised Airedale is at first useless in the hunting pack. Give
the Airedale a decent chance to learn, and the majority of
them will learn so fast that other breeds will sit up and take
notice.

Another one of the best known big game hunting packs in
America, one which is hard at its pursuit of predatory animals
every month in the year, is the pack in charge of the former
U. S. Government Hunter for the State of Washington, P. C.
Peterson, a life-time hunter in all parts of the world and one
of the most successful big game hunters on the North American
continent. Mr. Peterson has a mixed pack of Hounds and
Airedales, and with him the usefulness of a dog is strictly a
commercial proposition. If he earns his way, he gets a place
in the pack. The following letter to the author is self-
explanatory:

U.S. Forest Service, North Bend, Wash., May 20, 1910.

Dear Sir: Replying to your question about the Airedale
as a trailer, compared to the hounds: I have hunted Airedales
in my pack for nearly three years and recommend them. My
leading dog, Whiskers, is an Airedale. I raised him in the
mountains with me and he is now four years old. This Aire-
dale will take a bear scent six or seven hours old, and alone,
unassisted by any hound, follow it faster than the average
hound and stay with the trail until the bear is at bay or treed.
He has at times stayed with a bear thirty hours until found.
He gives tongue on trail like a hound, and is very fast. The
Airedale is equally as good a trailer on cougar as the hound,
but on bobcats the trailing is more difficult, back-tracking,
circling and such, in which work the very slow, careful, cold-
tracking, pure-bred foxhound, like my Fanny, is the best. I
just got back from my trip in the Olympics, where I got seven
bears, three cougars and fourteen bobcats.

P. C. PETERSON.
Here is another:

Gazelle, California, November 10, 1909.
Dear Sir: I promised to let you know about my Airedale,
“Rough Rock,’ in trailing. November 5 I gave him his first
bear track alone. It was rather an old track and difficult to

128 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

work, but he worked hard for an hour and fifteen minutes jn
heavy snow, brush and scrub oak before he jumped his bear.
He put him over two mountain ridges before he treed.
J. W. GREGG.
And another:

Dear Sir: It has been nearly a year since I received the
Airedale, ‘“Jack.’’ I have used him for a “‘stopper’’ dog on
deer, and he has as yet to lose his first one. I have hunted
him on bear and lion (I do not use hounds) and he, in com-
pany with two of Matlock Bob’s pups, from Klootch, has done
excellent trailing and treeing. It may please you to know that
these young dogs run very fast, taking the scent from the
bushes and bark on trail. These two young dogs treed a
cougar when seven months old and stayed with him all night.

H. M. LEIGHTON.

The following estimate by a big game hunter of experience
in the use of Hounds and Airedales gives much valuable infor-
mation regarding their practical use:

Scotia, California, December 28, 1912.

Dear Sir: You ask me how Airedales compare to hounds in
hunting big game? I have become very. much interested in
the Airedale breed as a serviceable and utility dog. I am not
interested in the bench shows.

I find all of the qualities in the Airedale that man can wish
to find in a dumb friend; I use them for any purpose that a
man can use a dog, though chiefly as a hunting dog. On
bear I use three Airedales and one hound, and I have never
yet had them whipped out, and I have never had one get away,
only where they ran out of hearing and got lost from me.
In such cases they generally stay out about two days. The
hound is no benefit to the Airedales only in trailing. The
Airedale is not fond of trailing and only his love for the fight
makes him a trailer. They soon learn to have confidence in
the hound’s superior trailing qualities and soon learn to trail,
but will not follow as persistently without the hound as with
him; they have a splendid nose, equally as good as the average
bred hound. They want to fight and are most scientific in
their fighting methods. They never cross one another when
fighting bear, generally coming in from opposite directions.
When a bear turns and pursues, the dog on the opposite side
soon attracts the bear’s attention; when he turns to pursue that
one, another snaps him. This kind of fighting never lasts but a
few minutes until Mr. Bruin is ready to climb the first tree he
can get to, and he will not back down at the approach of the
hunter, as is often the case with other dogs. The Airedale’s
wonderful action and gameness make him the best close fighter
on bear of any of the canine family by a large percentage. On
the other hand, with hounds (I have run them for 15 years)
you have the trailing qualities but not the fighting abilities,
and most of the bear that tree are treed by the noise, and very
often back down at the approach of the hunter, scaring the
hounds away from the foot of the tree and making another

AIREDALES VS. HOUNDS

bo

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Tree Barking

dales

hunting cougars

Dogs that Tree and Stay

ire

Treed by Ai

ions

L

ain

Two Mount
C. Cobb’s Airedales, Briar Test and High License,

Montana

in

130 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

probably long run. Jump a big fat one and very likely you
get your hounds whipped out, for they are not game fighters
and have neither the action nor the scientific methods of fight-
ing that the Airedale has. If a bear stops on the ground the
hounds will approach him, crowding side by side; sometimes
one, a little bolder than the others, in front. If the bear chases
him he will turn to run and, always looking back over his
shoulder, as a result he runs against brush (for these battles
generally take place in the worst jungles that are to be found
in a mile square) and get caught. The others have not the
instinct nor the close-fighting qualities to get in and give him
immediate relief. If the hound succeeds in getting loose it is
a safe bet that he will never get close enough to get caught
again. The finer bred your hounds are, the more is this
the case.

I prefer the medium-size Airedale for the hunting pack.
In fact my two best are a little under size, Model II (35 lbs.)
and Bull Creek Marvel (33 Ibs.)). Their small size adds to
their action and they are not handicapped in the heavy sallal
brush as the large dogs are. They require little training, just
give them plenty of work and they will figure it out the best
way themselves. I generally start the young dogs with a
hound running coon when they are about ten months old,
though Lake-Dell King and Lake-Dell Model fought a bear for
seven hours alone when they were ten months old; they have
been known to stay on trail and at tree for 27 hours. Some
give tongue when trailing and some do not. Marvel is an ex-
cellent tonguer and tree barker, though hardly loud enough to
enable one to follow well in a rough country. If they have
plenty of work with an experienced pack they will do to put in
any kind of work at from 20 to 24 months old. I have one that
I use as a slow trailer on deer and as a bird dog; as a slow
trailer she can’t be beat, and I have never had any narrow
escapes or even been in any great danger from wounded deer,
but if such should happen, I ask no better assistance for im-
mediate relief than my Airedale; on quail she finds live,
crippled and dead birds almost as well as a setter, and retrieves
equally well. My next neighbor has one which I sold him a
year ago; he used her for retrieving duck this winter and she
did admirably well. Another neighbor has one of the same
litter which he has used exclusively on quail and it is cer-
tainly a great satisfaction to shoot over her. I also know of
them being used as stock dogs and doing their work admirably,
and easily controlled; and for wild hogs (there are a few in
this country), and they are almost as dangerous as bear. As
a hunting dog I can certainly vouch for the Airedale, for I
have tried almost every breed; though I strongly advise run-
ning them with hounds. THOS. C. CRAIG.

Prefers Airedales to Hounds.

Mr. R. M. Palmer: In regard to my opinion of Airedales
vs. Hounds will say that I started hunting November ist with
eight Airedales and finished May 20th. During that time 1
caught eight bear, four lions, thirty-two cats and seventeen

AIREDALES VS. HOUNDS 131

coons, and had the dogs, much to my sorrow, catch five porcu-
pines on the ground.

Four of the bears were small ones. JI shot their lower
jaws off, shoved them out of the trees and let the dogs kill
them. All of the cats and coons treed and we made them
jump out and the pack soon finished them. I never lost one
animal that the dogs had a fair chance after. My best dogs
will pick up a varmint’s track five or six hours old and
run it to a finish. JI don’t care for hounds as this is a
very rough country and most of my hunting is done on the
slopes of Mount Shasta in immense lava beds. A hound
picks up a track that is sometimes a day old and he soon gets
out of hearing as you are unable to keep up and it is only a
chance if you ever find them; also with a good many bears, I
have found that a hound would run them all right but when
he got up he would stand off and only bark, and the bear would
keep on traveling, and if I was unable to head him off and
get in a shot it got away. With the Airedales, when they get
up, they either make him tree or stop him or get killed trying.

Probably there are lots of hounds that are fighters but I
have never found one that suited me. Very truly yours,

A. P. DEACON.

The Airedale as one of the most wonderful trailing breeds
has come to stay and is destined to ‘‘breed on.’’ His constant
use is bound to still further develop his proficiency to even
a more acceptable and remarkable degree, for it is but a com-
paratively limited number of years that he has been used to
any extent by North American big game hunters. Previous
to his advent all had been, off and on, trying to cross hounds
with terriers to get such a dog as the Airedale is, but now
with the established ‘breed perfected for their use, possessing
such dependable characteristics, the next decade or two will
find them the best known big game hunting dog in the world,
and, I repeat, ‘“‘they have come to stay,’’ and are within the
reach and use of one and all.

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

132

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CHAPTER XI.
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT FOR SPORT

Airedales, Useful in Hunting.
When the growing puppy

has been thoroughly yard-

broken he is ready to be
guided and coached for his
future use in the pursuit of
sport. He should be abso-
lutely obedient to _ the
customary commands of
“Down,” ‘“‘Heel Up,” and
“Get Away,” for after one
gets well into any further
development with him
oe a “gee, there is no time or fit oc-

: casion to begin with the

“Pals” rudiments of the individ-

ual’s education already de-

seribed in Chapter VII, and the obedience to these commands

is always necessary to properly control Airedales when in
number in the hunting fields.

If one is to use the Airedale for sport with the shotgun,
on upland game, or on water fowl, the sooner the youngster
is interested in game bird life the better. The disposition to
chase all birds is in the Airedale, and the puppy should be
given his full liberty at this. It will not be long before he
detects the difference between the scent of a game bird and
others. When he is seen to be following scent, begin to
caution him and by talking to him quietly and maybe teaching
him to stop at the word ‘‘whoa,’’ the Airedale will soon be
found to be excellent material to work upon in this direction.
Training a dog to work satisfactorily to the gun is an easy
matter if one is adept in handling a dog’s particular tempera-
ment.

The Airedale has such a good nose that if steadily ac-
customed to hunting feathered game most satisfactorily results
can be attained in making him a dependable game dog. He
will stop on scent of close lying birds, and by exercising control
over him can be used in snipe, quail or pheasant shooting to
much advantage.

Mr. H. W. HEsselstyn, a gentleman of extended experience
in handling and developing hunting dogs, particularly pointers
and setters, writes the following regarding his observations
and experience with the Airedale:

134 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

“Dear Sir: I have owned a good many dogs. Some were
good in one line of work and some in another. When I lo-
cated on my Washington poultry ranch I decided to try out
one of the ‘wonderful all-around dogs,’ that I had heard and
read so much about—-the Airedale. I thought that some one
was drawing a pretty long bow. ButI found that the Airedale
more than made good; with me it is once an Airedale, always
an Airedale. As a water retriever they have no peer. On
upland birds they require but very little training, as they love
the work. They have a wonderful nose and I think an Aire-
dale, with the same training that a setter or, pointer receives,
would hold his own. They are not extremely wide rangers.
A wide ranger is all right in field trials, but would be useless
in the country we have to work in—on Puget Sound. I do not
think that the straight force method would work as well
with the Airedale as a combination of natural and force
system. The Airedale is so intelligent and so very anxious
and willing to learn that I think the best results can be
obtained by using ‘tthe spike collar only as a last resort,
when the dog refuses to obey an order you are sure he
knows the meaning of. I was afraid the Terrier blood in
the Airedale would give him a hard mouth in retrieving
upland birds, but such is not the case. To ilustrate what an
easy mouth they can use: Some time ago my dog, ‘Lake-Dell
Leader,’ came on the run from the far end of my place. By
his actions I knew that he had something in his mouth that he
wanted to give me. I reached out my hand, and he very
carefully put an egg in my hand, then started back, and took
me to where one of my high-flying White Leghorns had gone
over the fence and stolen her nest. There were six eggs left
in the nest. Since that time I always take Leader when I go
through the yards, telling him to look for eggs. He works
carefully back and forth in the ferns in the back of the yards
and has retrieved many an egg, and has yet to crack the first
one. On quail that he has retrieved for me, he hardly dis-
turbed a feather. Anyone who has seen an Airedale at work
on big game knows he has no equal. One thing I have noticed
about an Airedale is that they seem to be so pleased and
interested when given some work that is to be their work—
driving stock, work with the chickens, carrying mail from the
mail-box, anything that is their particular job—and the more
work they have the better they like it. To sum it all up, the
Airedale—with half a show—will do the work of any kind of
dog, and make good in any place.”

Gunshyness, How Avoided and Cured.

Young dogs should not be frightened by the discharge of
firearms near them and never be shot over until first accus-
tomed in a proper way to the gun. Many an otherwise splen-
did prospect has been ruined by the ignorance and short-
sightedness of an owner in making a mistake in the beginning.
No matter how sensitive an individual disposition you have to
deal with, even of the really timid sort, if one starts right with

Airedales Working on Wild Ducks

(1) Dr. A. P. Deacon sending one of his Airedales after a
wounded duck near Willows, California.

(2) “Stormy Weather” retrieving from Quill Lake, Canada.

136 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

the gun problem you are bound to succeed. But taking a timid
puppy to the traps and having him scared to death by the
cannonading of the firearms, or shooting off guns about his
kennel home, when his attention is not diverted by an interest
in something to his liking, is in effect the same as a deliberate
plan of making a young dog needlessly gunshy, though some
there are that will withstand even this heroic treatment and
come out of it with heedless courage. The one underlying
principle that must be thoroughly kept in mind to accustom a
young dog to the sound of the discharge of firearms, is to be
certain that the young dog is intently intereSted in the object
of the sport, such as bird life and its chasing, or animal life
and the excitement of its trailing or treeing. When the young
dog is thoroughly imbued with the excitement of its nature in
pursuing game in this manner, then, and only then, is the
right time to first fire a gun over or near him. The surprise
is then completely absorbed in the mental excitement over the
game, and your dog associates the explosion as being con-
nected with his own mental interest in game life. This ethical
view of accustoming a young dog to firearms is the underlying
principle involved in all theories upon this subject, which are
numerous. Once understood, it is easy to see that its success
is always assured. Curing gunshyness in a dog that has been
started off wrong is a much more difficult task than avoiding
its occurrence. There is but one humane and successful method
for its accomplishment, and that is the one suggested herein.
Get your subject thoroughly interested in a mental way in the
excitement of some game, and then use the gun, moderately
at first, and if discretion and patience is used the result is
certain. The author once had a seemingly hopeless gunshy
setter. After studying the case a great deal, the above system
was alone responsible for his complete cure. An Airedale is
just as much subject to gunshyness as any other breed if
improperly introduced to the sound of the gun. Make this
start correctly and there will be no trouble thereafter.

Retrieving.

Whatever game the Airedale is to be used on under the
shotgun, retrieving is essentially a dependence that the breed
naturally inclines toward. In beginning the education of an
Airedale that is to be used in retrieving, the principles outlined
in Chapter VII should be followed rigidly. A roll of cloth,
rolled hard, about the size of a game bird, is the best thing to
use for yard training to retrieve. A ball is objectionable, as
too hard, or, if soft the dog is inclined to squeeze the object
brought. Playful retrieving is a good enough beginning but
the required obedience to command FETCH should be insisted
upon. In perfecting this, there is but one dependable method
to adopt, and that is a partial force system, by which is meant

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 137

one that need not necessarily administer pain as penalty for
refusal but yet one in which the insistence on obedience to
command is demanded and secured. If the dog in question
is so fully imbued with the wish to retrieve that there is no
tendency to refuse, there need be no force tactics, and this is
the case with almost all Airedales. In the case of some more
stubborn temperaments, or those who wish to obey only when
so inclined, the following method will outline the best means
of exacting implicit obedience in the matter of making a
forced retriever, such that no matter where the command is
given it will be obeyed, as having compulsion associated with
it by early teaching.

Daily Lessons.

Have a regular time each day, not longer in duration than
twenty minutes or half an hour. The dog is always handled
with a lead. The left hand handles the mouth; always stand
on the right side of the dog, facing in the same direction the
dog does. Holding roll in right hand, give the command
FETCH. (The pupil will not heed the command.) Then, with
the left hand force open the mouth quickly and insert the cloth
roll, repeating the word HOLD. After enforcing the holding
of the cloth roll, release the roll on command GIVE. Praise
the effort and repeat many times, rewarding the progress made
with a tid-bit. By easy and patient stages of progress the
cloth is gradually held a bit farther away from the muzzle
until the pupil reaches for it, on command FETCH, each time,
and holds until told to GIVE. Extending this reaching inclin-
ation down toward the floor and finally from off the palm of
hand rested on floor, the pupil will quickly FETCH the roll off
the ground, and bring it for delivery (always as yet on lead).
Liberty allowed in perfecting a forced retriever is impossible
at this stage, for the first time you meet with a refusal to obey,
it is necessary to return to the beginning, and by easy stages
force by pinching the lips a bit in enforcement of the opening
of mouth. Intimidating the pupil is not desired or necessary.
Simple sternness, careful handling, and plenty of praise and
reward for successful efforts will bring the results, but dis-
obedience to command should not be permitted at any stage,
for this absolute requirement of instant obedience to com-
mand is the underlying secret of the success of the entire sys-
tem, which from custom eventually becomes a reliance that
makes the sort of retriever that never refuses to FETCH when
told. As soon as the pupil will FETCH promptly the length
of the lead, begin to steadily increase the distance (at liberty
now), and from having made the lessons a daily fixture and
continuing them even after the pupil is most dependable in his
performances, results of the desired kind will be attained. In-
teresting a young dog to “‘seek bird’’ at command, by the use

138 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

of nose to find hidden objects is another valuable aid in his
development.

A Lost Duck.

The writer once had an amusing experience with a dog
that he had educated on this system of forced retrieving,
which is but one of many incidents to show that a brainy dog
at times has more good sense and judgment than his master.
It was after a morning’s flight of ducks on the marshes of the
Sumas Prairie had subsided, and the subject of conversation
with a companion hunter was forced retrieving and its ad-
vantages. My companion suddenly remembered a duck lost
in the middle of a pond-hole a week previously which had
not been retrieved, as his dog would not go out for it.
There was nothing to do but to prove the theory in practice,
so both of us repaired to the locality of the lost duck. There
it was, out in the middle, quietly resting upon the placid water.
To get the trained forced retriever to go out to it, something
was thrown out toward its vicinity and the command FETCH
given. Instantly the dog went out, but had hardly ap-
proached the spot when he turned in his wake and returned
to shore. The laugh was immediately on dog and the writer.
Had the dog been a “pleasure retriever’ only, the incident
would have necessarily ended then and there. The pupil
had, however, been thoroughly well grounded in his lessons
and knew that a positive refusal was not to be permitted, so
another trial was given the dog. This time, the writer gave
the command FETCH and watched progress from the shore.
When the dog came within a few feet of the duck, he turned
and looked at his master with an expression of the eyes almost
saying, “If you really want it I will bring it in’; whereupon,
with the order repeated, the dog reach for and took the tip
end of one wing in his mouth and literally towed it to shore,
but before the shore was reached the stench from the carcass
was enough to drive away all personal interest in its posses-
sion. The laugh was then promptly upon the other fellow,
and there was no room to further doubt the ethics of forced
retrieving or the ability of this particular retriever.

Preparation for Vermin Killing and Big Game Hunting.
Another sphere for the usefulness of the Airedale and
essentially one for which he is perfectly qualified is vermin
killing and big game hunting. The principle involved in suc-
cessfully perfecting his development in these is beginning
slowly with a puppy and never advancing one’s expectations
beyond the dog’s capabilities. A good plan is to give a puppy,
three or four months old, rats to kill and become much jnter-
ested in. Confine them in a tight room, at first, until the
youngster becomes accomplished and quick in the work of
killing with despatch. Next, encourage the chasing of stray

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 139

Black Bear Treed by Airedales

Illustration shows the eager gameness displayed by Airedales in
forcing a captive bear to seek safety in climbing tree.

140 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

cats and treeing them. If coons are to be found, it is a good
plan to take a young dog, when past six months old, out with
some experienced coon dog and give him the experience of a
hunt. Don’t expect much heavy work in killing, until an
Airedale is past a year old. A puppy that has been accustomed
to vermin killing during the first year of its life takes readily
to hunting big game, when old enough, and most any green
and inexperienced Airedale when not too far advanced in age
has an inherent fondness to get out and hunt vigorously when
near the haunts of game, especially if in the company of older
and experienced dogs at first. The writer has always made a
practice of sending a young dog, when almost a year old,
that was to be fitted for big game hunting, off for one season
of steady hunting with some good hunter who has experi-
enced dogs and let his practical experiences be his education in
this particular sport. There may be some little danger at
first if young dogs are inclined to be a bit too courageous and
at times when working on bear for their first time they get in
too close and get bad cuffs which tears them up abit but rarely
ever fatally. In company with other dogs there is but little
risk.

The Airedale’s cleverness in keeping out of harm’s way is
most exceptional, and in this respect they excel any other
breed of hunting dogs, and no breed possesses such unfailing
and ever present courage in dexterously handling most diffi-
cult emergencies, encountered particularly in bear hunting, and
many a present day hunter owes his life to the courage of his
Airedales, when other dogs in his pack weaken; their dead-
game faithfulness in sticking by and diverting an infuriated
bear that has a hunter in a bad pocket being today probably.
the strongest asset of the Airedale as a breed for hunting work.

Pulling Porcupine Quills from Dogs.

Inasmuch as those who hunt Airedales where porcupines
abound are at first bothered with their dogs killing them
and getting the quills badly into face and mouth, the helpful
advice of an experienced hunter will assist many in being
properly prepared to help out in such a contingency. Mr. C.
Cobb, taxidermist of Kalispell, Montana, recommends the fol-
lowing: Carry in your hip pocket a half-pint flask of acid
vinegar and a pair of five-inch flat-nosed pliers. Pour the
vinegar over the nose and mouth, where the quills are. The
vinegar will soak down the quill and immediately stop the
quill from working in any farther, also causing the quill to
release its hold and thus be pulled out very easily. The acid
in the vinegar seems to soften the quills. A dog should be
choked down and held during the operation, which once ex-
perienced they submit to without much resistance.

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 141

Females Compared to Males.

The question is often asked, ‘“‘Is the female as capable in
hunting as the male?’ The reply is unquestionably that the
female Airedale is fully as capable, if not more so, than the
male in every test of courage and gameness, and trailing of
big game. The females in all breeds seem to by nature have
a most dependable hunting ambition, and in actual combat are
most fearless when aroused. The breeding season of a female
is an annoyance when in company with other dogs, especially
when conditions are not convenient for her care, as in mountain
life. For companionship and personal use in occasional hunt-
ing, the female is much the preferable to own, but for the reg-
ular hunting pack the males are better adapted and give the
most satisfactory results.

Hunting Methods Used.

Some work the Airedale always within reach on still-
hunting and slow-trailing methods, but the majority of big
game hunters who use Airedales, accustom them to a free and
wide liberty of range, depending on their barking when on
trail to determine their whereabouts, and as in all big game
hunting, trailing-bark is readily distinguishable from the bark
when game is at bay or treed. This method seems to be
destined to be the accepted one, especially for covering lots
of territory.

How to “Pack”? a Hunting Dog.

Airedales are readily trained to carry a ‘‘pack’’ in hunting
trips through timber and mountainous regions, and when not
overloaded their natural great strength is in this manner put
to valuable use when pack horses are not available. Ten miles
a day over rough country is a fair daily average. A 40-pound
dog carries 15 pounds, a 65-pound dog 20 pounds and an 80-
pound dog 30 pounds all day without fatigue. The ‘‘pack’’
should not be bulky, preferably feed. Divide the material car-
ried into two equal parts and put same into small (flour)
sacks. Put these into an ordinary jute feed sack, tying the
open end. In the middle, three or four inches from one edge,
cut a hole large enough to slip over the dog’s head. When
put on tie the ends beneath the chest.

Coupling Dogs.

When coupling dogs together in timbered sections, do not
use chain couplings, but good stout cord, for the reason that
at times dogs will start on fresh scent when coupled and get
fast in some tangle while lost. If tied with rope, they will
gnaw it until free and thus return to camp.

ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

142

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Mr. P. Bawden, with three of his fav-
ovites, Swale Lady, Caerphilly Betty
and Caerphilly Heroine.

CHAPTER XII.

THE AIREDALE IN CANADA.

By Mr. P. Bawden, Ridgetown, Ontario, Director and ex-
President Canadian Kennel Club, and Owner of
: the Caerphilly Kennels.

The history of the Airedale in Canada goes back to about
1900 and I have it on good authority that the first of the
breed imported into Canada was through one of the Hendries
of Hamilton. The first breeder to take up Airedales to any
extent was the late C. W. Lauren, Esq., of Montreal, who
imported many well known English winners and the success
of the breed in Canada owes much to his enterprise. Among
many of the good ones he imported might be mentioned the
Champions Master Royal, Mistress Royal, Tone Masterpiece
and Rockley Oorang. Mr. McKey, of Hamilton, was also one
of the pioneer fanciers of the breed. Mr. S. Black, of Toronto,
for some years was an extensive breeder and did some win-
ning. Mr. J. W. Bain, of Toronto, president of the Canadian
Airedale Club, has owned many good ones, Champion Culming-
ton Nettle being prominent among them, a bitch that was
shown against all comers without defeat. Mr. Bain became
one of our best amateur judges. The Caerphilly Kennel started
in 1906 with a Floriform bitch and has steadily increased its

144 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

breeding stock, owning numerous winners and importations
of note. The noted sire Caerphilly Marvel brought much fav-
orable publicity to this kennel, ending his career in 1916 at
eleven years of age: He left a record to be proud of: His
progeny are known from coast to coast: He sired the best
Canadian-bred dog puppy at Toronto, also, Marvel’s Double,
the big winner at Detroit Auto Show in April, 1916, securing
many special prizes, among them cup for best in show. Marvel’s
Double was sold for $250 to Mr. Kenny of Detroit.

During 1915 and 1916 a great deal of improvement was
made in this popular breed in Canada and many good dogs
have sprung up and while all are not prize winners, they
are a great improvement on the dogs formerly shown, and it
is an exception to see a really poor specimen at our shows. It
looks promising for the future, as breeders are paying more
attention to the bitch end of the game. Formerly anything
that was an Airedale was mated to some well-known stud dog,
with the result that there were many indifferent specimens ~
thrown on the public, and soft coats and light eyes were
prominent.

So much has been written on the origin of the Airedale
that the writer refrains from enlarging on what has been
written, but it may not be out of place to quote from one of
the best authorities of the old school, ‘‘Stonehenge,’’ in his
“Dogs of the British Isles’: He states one of the first of
the breed to receive recognition was the bitch Fracture, owned
by Judge L. P. C. Astley in 1885, and at that time the best of
her breed. This bitch, according to Stonehenge, is spoken of
as having a good nose, very fond of water, and possessing a
fair amount of intelligence, good on rats and rabbits. He
states that it is almost impossible to trace the origin of the
breed to any particular source, except that it is ‘‘generally
admitted’ to be a mixture of Scottish, Dandie, Bedlington and
Bull terrier crosses mixed with Otterhound.

Mr. Norman Mackenzie, of Regina, is about the most en-
thusiastic Airedaler we have, his importation, King Nobblers
Double, having now become both American and Canadian
Champion during the last year of fearless showing, meeting
the best and coming out with a few exceptions on the top of
the heap. Another good one Mr. Mackenzie has is his latest
importation, International Champion Polam Maxim, considered
a well-balanced terrier.

A dog that was much admired during 1915 was Morning
Admiration, owned by E. W. Bellinger, of Toronto. This dog
was easily the best Canadian-bred dog out and also did very
well at New York. Had he a bit more size, experts say, he
would have topped the lot. The usual number of new breeders
spring up each year; starting out with a cheap bitch, mated to

THE AIREDALE IN CANADA 145

some well-known stud dog, they consider themselves full-
fledged Airedalers, but their term is usually short-lived, as
the public prefer to pay a fair price for a good specimen, with
the result that the best breeders still find a steady demand
for their offerings.

In the past two or three years new breeders who have be-
come prominent in getting hold of good specimens, can be
menticned, Jos. Russell, M. P. P., Toronto, Fred J. Blake, Al-
monte, Ont., Gordon Higbee, Fonthill, Ont., P. R. Hilborn,
Preston, Ont. There are a number of others in Canada, too,

“Birchcliffe Selected’’

An excellent natural photograph of a typical Airedale, a first
prize winner at New York Show. Owned by Mr. Bawden, Ridge-
town, Canada

but these géntlemen have gone to considerable expense in
importing bitches, in whelp to noted sires, besides bringing
out other stock which will help considerably to improve the
Airedale in Canada.

Mr. Walter Berwick, of Shelburne, Ont., owner of the
Dufferin Kennels, has done much for the breed. It would pu
an oversight to close this article without mentioning Lieut.-
Col. Ussher, late of Toronto. He was the breeder and owner
of Champion Graystone Growler and other good ones. Col.
Ruttan, of Port Arthur, Ont., went in strong for the Caerphilly
strain and showed with much success.

The Canadian West is favored in having many Airedale
enthusiasts. British Columbia is full of them, with McConnell
of Vancouver breeding good ones each season. Mr. Geo. Gil-
lespie of Victoria started in well with some notable importa-
tions from the Clonmel Kennels over a decade ago, and other
younger breeders are keeping the breed to the front, partic-
ularly Mrs. A. L. Brownlie, Victoria, owner of Capilano Chi-
nook, and A. E. Grant, South Vancouver, owner of the winner
at several shows, Champion Killarney Marion.

146 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

It is quite evident that the Airedale is the most popular
breed in Canada today and is destined to remain so, as long
as its breeders keep the practical usefulness of the breed
intact and also keep pace with the rapid advance in perfection
of individual type, which only careful study and most suc-
cessful matings can produce.

A Family Party of Canadian-breds.

AIREDALE ANECDOTES

There is no other breed that is destined to have so much
written concerning it as the Airedale, for its use in so
many varied callings in life constantly brings before the
public tales of the cleverness of the breed. The oft-discussed
question, does a dog ‘‘think’’? is amply answered in many
experiences with Airedales, for the Airedale is most certainly
“a dog that thinks.’’ The following anecdotes are duly ac-
credited experiences mostly within the acquaintance of the
author, and some of them have been published previously in
the journals mentioned, with articles furnished by the author.
They are of interest to all fanciers of the breed, as illustrating
in some special manner the successful use of the breed, whether
in big-game hunting or its cleverness shown in odd experi-
ences.

In an illustrated article on ‘“‘The Working Airedale’’ in
Recreation (March, 1908) compiled by the author, which
article was the first of its kind to be published, the following
is of interest:

Field Sport With an Airedale.

“One of the first imported Airedales to prove himself a
fine working dog in the West was Waterside Wizard, and the
blood of this dog is prominent in many of the best working
Airedales in the West today. J. A. Kerr relates how he found
this dog Wizard capable of remarkably intelligent work in
field shooting. He hunted over this dog for a number of
days and speaks of his great accuracy in trailing grey squirrels
and locating them positively in tall trees. This dog was also
trained on quail and he would hunt a hedge row or stubble so
well and fast, locating the birds cautiously when they were
near him, that he was nearly the equal of a setter. Wizard
excelled as a retriever and his get shows this strong char-
acteristic.”

Hunting Big Game in California.

Rough Rock, the hero of the following anecdotes, was a
June, 1904, puppy and for the first twenty months of his life
was a family pet and child’s playmate, an undersized Airedale,
weighing iess than 40 pounds, by Timrock ex. Lady Marvel.

In February, 1906, he was sent to J. W. Gregg, a big-
game hunter, in the Shasta Mountain region of California. Mr.
Gregg had for years hunted with a pack of cross-bred hounds,
and long wished for a terrier that could not only kill in single

148 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

combat anything of reasonable size, but one that would tree
and ‘‘stay with’ at bay large game, and also a dog possessing
enough nose to trail independent of the hounds. His experi-
ence with this, his first Airedale, is noteworthy as exhibiting
the merits of the breed.

“Mr. R. M. Palmer: JI received Rough Rock in due time
and must say he is the greatest piece of dog flesh I have
ever run across.

“His first work was to hunt gophers in the alfalfa fields.
Then I caught a full-grown coyote in a steel trap, and I
liberated his foot. and put him into a 50-pound apple box,
and unbeknown to Rough Rock placed the box out in the
alfalfa field, where Roughy went each morning to hunt
gophers. Then I climbed up into my barn where I could see
the fun. He dug gophers a short time before he smelled the
coyote, and the way he flew at that box was not slow, and
he soon had the box torn open and pulled the coyote out,
and such a fight I never saw before. First one on top
and then the other. Not a sound was made, only the hurried
breathing to tell one that it was a life and death struggle.
Once the coyote tore loose and made a dash for liberty,
but the pr. soon caught him by the ham, and again they
were locked in a death struggle, and in a few minutes
Roughy had his first coyote killed. He stood and looked at
it a minute, then trotted off to a ditch, took a drink and took
one more look at the coyote and went back to his work digging
out gophers.

“T have had him out on only one hunt. We were out
three days and killed one cougar, two bears (one black and
one brown) and one fisher. Roughy ran from start to finish
ahead of the hounds, barked at the tree and fought as hard
as he could. I notice that he can climb over rocks that the
pack has to go around. He never has time to play with the
young hounds, but tries to get them to hunt with him. I saw
him bring them a squirrel today that he had worked at least
an hour to dig out. He delights to help drive the cattle and
always wants to help with wild horses, or when branding
calves. He is all attention at all times. I never saw a dog
that wanted to work or tried to help as he does.”

Also Mr. Gregg writes: ‘‘Yesterday I was moving cattle,
had a collie pup and Rough Rock with me. The shepherd pup
saw a coyote and ran it over a ridge, but soon came back
hunting me, the coyote chasing him. Rough came up just in
time and joined the chase. The coyote was enjoying himself
too much to notice Roughy coming like an avenging angel to
the rescue of the pup, and before the coyote was aware of his
presence Roughy had him by the ham. The motions of the
pair in the mix-up that followed were so rapid that one could

AIREDALE ANECDOTES 149

hardly tell coyote from dog, but soon Roughy had him by the
throat and hung there until the coyote was dead.’’ (We often
hear the inquiry, can an Airedale kill a coyote without the
assistance of other dogs? This is only one of numerous in-
stances of its being done within my acquaintance. If the
coyote is caught there is no question about an Airedale doing
the killing, but they are not so easily caught except by the
use of speedy dogs to outrun or turn them.)

Mr. Gregg further writes:

“Since I wrote you last, Rough Rock has had varied experi-
ences. He helped to kill six bears, some of them he treed
alone before the hounds caught up with him, as he outruns all
the other dogs, either on a cold or a hot trail, and the rougher
the ground the farther he is ahead. He is the most reckless
devil I ever saw. I have seen him swing onto the ribs of a
bear on a down-hill run and it did not seem to me that his feet
touched the ground once in ten yards. [I have seen small
bears cuff him and roll him ten feet, but he was back again,
fighting like a demon.

About two weeks ago I was out on the range. Rough Rock
was with me. On my return home I missed him, so I took
some of the other dogs and went back to where I last saw
him. By careful work I found where he had been following a .
coon track and the other dogs finally gathered around a big
oak. I dug a hole near the ground and could hear Roughy
barking inside. I dug out a lot of rotten wood and then
a big dead coon, which had completely stopped the hole
up, so that the dog could not get out. As soon as the hole
was opened he came out and I then pulled out two more dead
coons, both full grown females. He must have had a ‘hot
time.’

“My two children were out riding today, looking over the
cattle, and Roughy was along. They heard him barking in a
clump of oaks and found he had a lynx (California bay-lynx)
in a small oak. When it jumped out of the tree Roughy at-
tacked it. After a hard fight, Roughy killed it alone and the
children tied a halter rope to it and dragged it home.

“November, 1907.—I have had a week of successful hunt-
ing in which Rough Rock has cut a conspicuous figure. In
our first kill, my ‘start dog’ was caught by the bear and
badly crippled, so I had to depend on Rough Rock altogether
as a starter, and he proved himself a No. 1 start dog. He has
stayed under a tree for two days and nights, keeping the bear
up the tree. He has treed two bears and one mountain lion
alone in the past week. He would rather tree lynx than eat,
and at a guess, would say that he has treed twenty in the last
six months. Show him once and he remembers. He is per-
fectly broken off of deer, will sometimes stop and look at

150 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

them, but never runs them. At night when I pick up the milk
buckets he is off for the cows and drives them up slowly, and
no matter where I am, he is always on hand ready to help.’’—
J. W. Gregg, Gazelle, California.

Hunting in Washington.

In the pursuit of big game in the State of Washington,
experiences with the Airedale are similar. Mr. A. EB. Mc-
Sorley, formerly of Elma, has hunted the Airedale much in
company with hounds. He writes: “I killed two wildcats
yesterday and enjoyed a fine chase. We had three Airedales
and three hounds and I tell you we had some fine music. * * *
Last week we took Ruler out with a couple of hounds after a
big bear. They gave him a hot chase all day, in and out of
hearing, but the timber and brush was so dense we could not
get near enough for a shot. Night coming on, we had to go
home without the dogs. The next afternoon a farmer came
to town with the hounds. He had heard the dogs baying and
barking in the woods near his place, and went out there and
killed the bear they had kept treed all night. He had at-
tempted to skin the bear, but the Airedale would not let him
touch it. I hitched up my rig and drove out with him five
miles and found Ruler a mighty glad dog to see me and be
released from his vigil.

“The dogs trailed a bob-cat the other day for several
hours. Hearing them making toward the head of the gulch,
I took Lady Marvel with me and crossed to where the cat
would have to come and no sooner got there than Marvel saw
it coming along a wind-fall and she closed in with it at once
and after a hard fight killed it alone. As the other dogs came
up trailing, I held them, to see if she could make the kill
herself, which she certainly did with utmost gameness.”’

Lady Marvel
An old-timer, a winner in 1903 and a real sporting Airedale.

_ AIREDALE ANECDOTES tet

A Household Assistant.

Mr. J. E. Zeiner, of Asotin, Wash., believes in an Airedale
doing his full share of the family household duties and on
wash-day the services of his ‘‘Rastus’”’ are employed in running
the washing machine, which duty he performs with ready
willingness.

Rastus Helping the Family on Wash-day

An Airedale as a Life-saver.

Current press reports relate the following incident as
eececurring in Dayion, Ohio: A little girl had become lost from
her mother in the city’s crowded streets, but was accompanied
by an Airedale, carrying a bundle in his mouth. When
crossing a crowded street, an automobile came whizzing by.
The Airedale grasped the child’s dress and pulled her cut of
danger, but the machine struck the dog and sent him spinning
iuto the street. The dog soon regained his feet and trotted
limpingly along with his ward. It was afterwards learned
that the dog was owned by C. J. Bulpin, a well known Airedale
fancier of that city. Although the dog was considerably
shaken up by his collisinn with the auto, his injuries were not
serious. The dog was Wachusett Flashlight, and Mr. Bulpin
sintes that on two occasions this dog has rescued children
from drowning.

How ‘‘Rags’’ Handled the Boar.

L. R. Colt, of Lakeside, Washington, has had a number
of Airedales on his Chelan ranch. He states that they have
actually cleaned his large place up so thoroughly in extermi-
nating vermin that there is nothing left save his poultry

152 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

and stock. Not long since he was entertaining a visiting
delegation from the State Agricultural College, and as the
visitors wished to inspect his hogs, they adjourned to the
barns, accompanied by the “monarch of all he surveys,’ Mr.
Colt’s Airedale, ‘‘Rags.’’? After looking over the choice pork-
ers, the stall of a boar was opened and the big fellow
inspected and admired. Being of the vicious sort, the old
boar was not encouraged to make friends and on leaving
his quarters, the stall gate was left open by mistake. It was
but a minute before the big fellow was charging all occupants
of the stables and had things flying about lively. It seemed
impossible to control him, when without a word of command
or direction up came the Airedale, Rags, and, comprehend-
ing the situation at a glance, he closed in on the boar, took
him firmly by one ear and most vigorously led him back to
his stall. The boar seemed conquered at once and became
most amenable to his new master. All remarked on the
sagacity of the Airedale in this feat of cleverness.

Manners at Meal Times, Etc.

R. R. Upper, of Orillia, Wash., tells us that his Airedale,
Lake-Dell Peggy, besides other clever stunts, has one of daily
occurrence, which is this: At milking time she goes at once
and hunts up her feed pan, bringing it in her mouth, holding
it by the rim, and waits patiently by while the cows are milked,
when she places her pan beside the full pail and silently asks
for her portion, which, of course, she never fails to get.

Among other amusing habits on the ranch this same Aire-
dale, Peggy, has cultivated, is her dexterity in catching field
moles: As a puppy after many failures to dig them out, she
of her own “thinking” decided on a plan, which was this:
Coming to a fresh mole mound, she would stealthily watch it,
like a cat watching a mouse hole, and the instant the dirt
mound was seen to move a little, she would spring and grab,
dirt pile and all, and in this way caught the mole, too. A
ranch dog like Peggy likes to exhibit her knowledge of new
finds. One day she went out to the plowman in the field and
earefully laid an egg down on the ground near him, and
seemed much excited over the incident. It being almost lunch
time, he took the egg and followed her lead back some dis-
tance to the varn, where in great excitement Peggy led him to
a newly discovered stolen nest with a large number of eggs in
it, from which she had taken the one to exhibit her find.

An Airedale Better Than a Gun.

Several years ago the author when calling upon Mr. Harry
W. Lacy, in Boston, who is today recognized as a leading judge
of national reputation and a firm friend of the Airedale,
asked Mr. Lacy what he thought of the breed. His reply was

AIREDALE ANECDOTES 153

brief, in that with his affliction (deafness) ) ‘she would rather
have an Airedale at his heels when among strangers than any
other breed of dogs.’’

Illustrative of this deep-seated disposition of always being
ready to guard the person of his master, Mr. W. B. Bailey
writes:

“T was taking a puppy I had sold, on chain Thursday night,
Jan. 6, 1911, about 9 o’clock, from my place to the Northern
Pacific depot, to ship her to her new owner. The route was
on the: railroad tracks through the yards about a mile and a
half. I had passed one fellow, who turned and followed me.
As I did not like his looks, I hurried on and had not gone more
than fifty yards, when the pup (only seven months old) started
to growl. It was pitch-dark. I could see nothing, but pres-
ently a fellow came up out of the ditch and ordered me to
‘throw up your hands.’ Just then the dog made a leap at him.
I let go the chain and yelled ‘Get him, Jess!’ and ran. From
the fact that he did not take a shot at me or the dog, I am of
the opinion that the dog gave him so much to think of so
suddenly, that he lost his nerve. However that may have
been, the Airedale saved my watch and a few dollars. Score
one more for the Airedale. If this had been the old dog, I
would not have been surprised, as he is certainly ‘some dog,’
but it was out of common for a seven-month-old pup.’’

An Airedale to Guard Chicks.

We have all heard of the faithful sheep dog, and his
brainy methods employed to keep his flock moving to his sat-
isfaction, but here is one for an Airedale (Lake-Dell Racket),
who, when farmed out for a season, of her own accord immedi-
ately took much interest in the rancher’s flock of poultry. He
soon noticed her driving them away from forbidden territory
in a garden spot and when the little chicks insisted on getting
out of the yard, she would take them up tenderly and free
them at the place of their escape and see that they went back
again. One day the rancher had been away and on his return
he could see Racket very busy with the poultry. The gate
of the corral had been left open, and the whole flock seemed
possessed to get out, much to her annoyance. He was so much
amused with her guardianship that he sat down on a log on
the side hill and watched the performance. After several
failures, she finally drove them all into their yard, and then,
in order to keep them there, lay down directly across the
entrance and drove back every transgressor, until on his return
the closed gate put an end to the necessity of her watchfulness,
much to her delight.

154

Discriminating.

Mr. N. C. Westerfield, of Oregon City, relates a story about
his Airedale, Governor Kibby, displaying such watchfulness
over his poultry yards that whenever one of the White Leg-
horns would fly into the Buff Rock yards, he would make the
offense known in no unmistakable manner to the household
and, on being taken to the yard. drive the offender out.

As a Detective.

The following clipping from the American Stockkeeper
(Boston) shows that in Europe the trailing.instincts of the
Airedale have been developed to a remarkable degree by con-
sistent use and education, to-wit:

““A writer in the Paris Herald, in writing of the Berlin
police dogs, speaks of the breeds selected for this work being
the German Sheepdogs, Airedale Terriers and Doberman Pin-
schers. Major Klein handles this branch of the ‘polizei’:ser-
vice, and in mentioning incidents of their usefulness, has the
following anecdote to relate of the Airedale Frika: ‘One of
her cleverest accomplishments was the finding of a chest which
had contained papers worth 60,000 marks, stolen from the
Osterode residence of a Berlin merchant. After having the
scent given her, Frika went straight to the house of a certain
shoemaker. The man was not at home, but the dog was al-
lowed to go through his rooms. In a few minutes Frika left
the house and ran directly to the edge of a small lake near
by. She made repeated efforts to plunge into the water, but
was prevented from so doing until her master concluded there
might be “‘something it it” and in a few minutes she had
located the missing strong box, which had been sunk in the
lake near the bank. The shoemaker, who was arrested, at
first denied his guilt but finally confessed.’ ”’

Does a Dog Reason?

The writer once received a grown Airedale at his kennel
from the mountain districts of Idaho, where the dog had been
accustomed to his freedom. He was confined in a kennel, sur-
rounded by a picket fence, which no dog had successfully
jumped. Loose on the place was another grown dog, Victor
by name. Beyond the usual salutations between strange dogs,
nothing had been noticed in their disposition of regard one for
the other. In the evening Victor was heard making an un-
usual fuss at the kitchen door, whining and crying. His
keeper went to the door and admonished him to keep still, and
was called a second time by his unusual disturbance, planning
to whip the dog for his annoyance. When reaching the door,
Victor immediately receded and kept whining, as much as to
say, “Come with me quick.” ‘Thinking the dog’s actions
strange, he lighted his lantern and followed the dog to see
what such unusual actions might mean. Victor led him

_ AIREDALE ANECDOTES 155.

around two buildings, a distance of some two hundred feet
amid great excitement, and took him to where the new oc-
cupant of the kennel was hung by the neck between two
pickets, voiceless and with but one or two more minutes to
live. The keeper quickly released the Airedale from his pre-
dicament and his life was saved. There was little reason to
expect Victor to interest himself in this dog’s fatal predica-
ment, as he had never known the dog until the evening of the
accident. Question: Does a dog’s mind reason?

Willing to Assist.

J. F. Williams, Monroe street hotel proprietor of Detroit,
is the proud owner of an Airedale Terrier. In addition to being
well bred, a good looker and having great intelligence, the
dog “Bud,” as he is called, has won Mr. Williams’ heart by a.
great display of loyalty and courage. Mr. Williams reside on
Dexter Boulevard, way out in the thinly settled section of this
fashionable drive of Detroit. Saturday night, October 20, he
started for home after midnight with ‘‘Bud,’’ going out on a
Grand River avenue car. Getting off at Quincy street, dog and
owner proceeded across toward home. About a block off Grand
River two negroes approached, asking Mr. Williams the time.
As one of them spoke Mr. Williams noticed he had a big ugly
looking knife in his hand, and assuming their intentions were
not of the best, Mr. Williams stepped back and called “Bud,”
who was close by in the road. The Airedale came right up on
the scene and immediately jumped at the throat of the armed
negro, upsetting him. They tussled for a few moments, when
the negro got up and ran. ‘‘Bud’’ immediately gave his atten-
tion to the second hold-up man, who had stood still, and Mr.
Williams says, “what Bud did to him was a sin.”

This hunting Airedale has made the frequent mistake of mixing
with a porcupine and gotten “quilled”

156 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Using Airedales to Capture Mountain Lions Alive.

Mr. C. Cobb relates the following in ‘‘Dogs of America’’:

“Tracking and capturing live mountain lions with Airedale
Terriers is a sport that is not known in the East. Of course,
one reason for this is that there are no mountain lions in the
Bast. After that reason has been given, it is like the fellow
without money, the other nine hundred and ninety-nine reasons
why he is not a millionaire don’t count.

“The hunt of which I write took place on January 8. The
telephone bell rang and when I picked up the receiver my
friend at the other end, about fifteen miles out of town, told
me he had just discovered fresh lion tracks and asked me to
bring the dogs out. To come out meant catching the train
with the dogs in twenty-five minutes. But the train has a
habit of being late, and the snow was heavy, so I went home
and got my snowshoes and a little stuff that I had ready and
the two old dogs, Briar Test and High License. The dogs
were eager to be off, sensing something. The air was bully
and crisp and we hiked to the station. The train was on time.
I had just time to pass the pair to the baggageman and climb
aboard. After a thirty-minute run we climbed out. There
was a hike of five miles to where the track had been picked
up. But the going was good and with snowshoes we made it
in a short time.

“When I saw the tracks I knew they were made by a
couple of small lions, and felt we had an easy time ahead.
We followed the tracks over a stony ridge and down into a
thicket. Here the lions had broken through and we saw the
tracks were very fresh. A little farther on the dogs showed
signs of breaking, and then Briar Test and High License tried
their best to slip their collars. Thinking it was time to let
them go, I freed them. Away they went at a terrific speed.
The first thought was that they had winded a deer and was
about to blow the horn when High License cut loose as though
in great pain. Her pain, however, was just plain everday
chagrin or jealousy or whatever you want to call it, because
she was unable to keep up with her mate, who had the scent
perfectly and was chasing the lions by it. We hurried on,
but it is hard going and tiring running on snowshoes. I got
one of my shoes under something and did a fall that filled my
mittens full of snow. Little things, however, are lost sight of
when chasing dogs after big game. The dogs were soon
out of hearing and after a time we stopped. We listened,
with the wind in our favor, and then got the faint bark
that told us our game had been treed.

“Like a pair of fools we started on a useless run, because
the dogs would have stayed where they were for twenty-four
hours if we didn’t get up to them. But then a person will do

AIREDALE ANECDOTES 157

ee

a lot of foolish things under excitement. We were hiking for
some time before we came up in full view. If you never treed
anything bigger than a coon, you don’t know the satisfaction
of being tired out and coming up and seeing the game sitting
up in the air, tired, too, and treed after a long chase. There
they were, a pair of half-grown lions. They were perched in
the tree about twenty feet off the ground looking down on the
Airedales that sat there tired and joyful at the bottom, unable
to climb, but willing to take any chance if the others only
would come down.

“Whenever you find a story of a mountain lion tackling
persons, put it down as fiction. Their principal food in this
country is deer. It is estimated that a grown lion will average
one deer a week, and he kills for the lust of killing. He will
kill whether he is hungry or not. The average sized lion is
about eight feet from tip to tip and weighs about 180 pounds.
I have known them to measure nine feet ten inches and to
weigh 225 pounds.

“With a pole about ten feet long with a bit of branch left
on as a hook over which to hang a noose I climbed up the
tree and when I could reach a cat I slipped the noose over his
head. Jake at the bottom of the tree gave the rope a jerk and
it tightened. Then I put over another loop and it was drawn
taut. With two ropes on him we jerked him out of the tree.
I tied my rope to a tree and Jake held him until he was still.
Over on his back, a pole down his belly and his hind and fore
legs and head tied to pole and he was ready for traveling.
Then the second cat was treated the same way. We rigged a
sleigh out of fir boughs and the two cats were dragged back
to town. ‘A good afternoon’s sport and some profit.”

His Master’s Scent.

Dr. P. J. Noer (The Noer Hospital, Wabeno, Wisconsin)
writes of a very interesting experience, illustrative of the
keen scent and in this case associated with memory, of an Aire-
dale, Pete, he had purchased from C. H. Sweetser, of Seattle.
Pete had been raised as the family and hunting companion of
his former owner and was two years old at the time he was
shipped to his new home in Wisconsin. It may be said here
that he was particularly attached to his first and only master
up to the time of his disposal. After Dr. Noer had had the
dog for a few days and he was quite reconciled and accustomed
to his new home and owner, one day in the doctor’s mail
there arrived a letter from Mr. Sweetser. ‘While reading the
letter,’ Dr. Noer writes, ‘I was interrupted and dropped the
hand containing the letter to my side. Pete, who was near,
came up to me from behind and sniffed the letter and while
doing so gave such unmistakable manifestation of delight,
jumping about, whining and barking, that there could be no

158 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

other explanation of the source of his pleasure, and there is no
question in my mind but that Pete recognized his former
master’s scent on the letter from him. A little later I re-
peated the ‘performance’ in the presence of my wife, and she
also felt sure from Pete’s unusual actions, which he had not
previously shown us, that Pete recognized his former master’s
scent.” (Attention is called to the fact that this letter had
been handled by dozens of different mail clerks in its post
route covering a 2000-mile journey.)

Briar Answers the Telephone,

Dr. J. W. Marshall, of Owen Sound, Ontario, owns a clever
Airedale he calls Briar: He writes he is the best known dog -
in the town: When he is on the street you will hear everyone
calling Briar: He performs some of the most human tricks
imaginable. For instance, only yesterday the office nurse
left the receiver down on one of our office telephones and
forgot it. After awhile, Briar came whining and bothering
me as I was working on a patient: He does this same thing
every day when the town clock strikes the five-minute bell
signalling the approach of noon. Briar knows this is the warn-
ing to go to dinner and he is then at my feet whining until I
get on my coat. Well, yesterday, he was doing this at 10 a. m.,
so I drove him back to his nest. He came the second time.
I drove him away explaining to him that the bell had not
struck, scolding him for it. He came the third time, so I
turned and he led me to the phone and jumped up on the
chair and put his nose to the receiver, which was hanging
down. I put it up, patted him ‘“‘good dog,’’ and he went and
lay down until the bell rang. I have taught him to respect

Briar and His Playmate

AIREDALE ANECDOTES 158

a cat wherever he meets one, and his daily playmate is our
office pussy. He does scores of funny things: He will salute
a soldier at any time, and set up a great howl when we put
“God Save the King’’ cn the phonograph. We can play the
thing all day and he will lie unconcerned as an oyster, but put
“God Save the King’’ on, and I will bet a Ten, it will not
get to the third note, till he is howling.

As a Sheep-Dog.

Mr. C. G. Boller, of Vina, California, uses Airedales to
attend and drive his large flocks of sheep on the range, and
the following expresses his estimation of them and his experi-
ence with his dogs: ‘‘The Airedale without doubt is the
smartest dog living today. I have never tried to teach Tuk
anything but hunt and have never seen her equal. Ruler I
have taught lots of things. He is a good hunter, drives sheep,
retrieves ducks, trees wildcats, and anything I have started to
teach him he has learned. Last fall the herder lost two lambs
in the mountains. One got it into his head he was going to
get away, so into the creek he jumped. It was a good big
stream and he swam across to the other side and into a deep
hole and there he was lodged against a high bank and there
was no way to get at him to bring him back. Ruler was
taking in the situation and was told to go and get the lamb.
In he went and he took hold of the lamb’s neck very carefully
and brought him back as though he were a duck. I brought
one of his pups into the house the other evening, sat him on a
chair and gave him a stick to hold in his mouth. I puta
string on his neck so as to know him when [I got home. The
following evening my wife told me that the pup had been
packing sticks around all day and bringing the wood into the
house for her.’’

Wolfhounds vs. Airedales.

Mr. Tyler Henshaw tells of an experience of two of his
Airedales which aptly illustrates what Airedales are capable
of in mortal combat when circumstances forced upon them the
conditions relatcd. Mz: Henshaw’s brother, it seems, had been
using Russian Wolfhounds to protect the livestock on his large
ranch in Mendocine County, California, and expressed himself
as skeptical about the gameness of the Airedale in coyote
killing and other predatory animals, so the two bitches, Lake-
Dell Trip and Vixen, both daughters of Lady Marvel, a partic-
ularly game Airedale on big-game hunting, were sent up to
the ranch to be tried cut. On arrival they were given a
kennel alongside two large Wolfhounds that were kept con-
fined because of their viciousness. Much talk was occasioned
by the advent of the Airedales and speculation as to their
comparative fighting abilities with the large and experienced

160 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

Wolfhounds, for the Airedales were nothing much to look at,
being the hunting type, and in weight 45 pounds for Trip and
about 50 for Vixen. After all predictions had been made,
their keeper, to his utter surprise, the next morning after their
arrival, found that during the night previous the Wolfhounds
had torn their way through the wire fencing, and had mixed
it with Trip and Vixen, and one of the Wolfhounds was found
dead in the kennel yard of the Airedales and the other in a
dying condition in the next pen. What a battle it must have
been? As there were no spectatcrs to intervene, this acci-
dental test of the wonderful fighting abilities of the Airedale
and their gameness to the limit of physical test is noteworthy.
The two Airedales, barring being slashed some by the punish-
ing Wolfhound teeth, were quite fit after their encounter and
are two individuals of remarkably docile and gentle disposi-
tion, but as quick as lightning when in action.”

Ted Guards His ‘‘Pal.”’

Detroit Press: ‘‘A keen west wind, biting cold, swept the
broad expanse of Lafayette avenue, today; a wind so cold
that even the sunlight had little of heat to offer, but though
he shivers and suffers from its effects it is all the same to
‘Ted,’ the big Airedale, for his little friend is dead.

“All last night he kept guard over the body of the little
fox terrier which was his special care and, though exhausted
and in evident pain from the intense cold, he refused to leave
the corner at Hubbard avenue and Lafayette boulevard, where
his ‘pal’ was killed. Other dogs of the neighborhood have
come with their offerings of sympathy and have tried in their
dog fashion to assuage the sorrow of ‘Ted,’ but their efforts
have been in vain. One and all have been driven away from
the tiny form which lies at the roadside. Playfellows they had
been for months past, the Airedale and the small fox terrier
boasting no home and no pedigree.

“The children of the neighborhood who had marked the
great friendship which existed between the two dogs had
tried with inducements of food and marks of affection to tempt
‘Ted’ away so that the body of the other dog could be removed,
but no amount of persuasion could get ‘Ted’ from the friend
he guarded. In life he was the protector of the smaller animal,
and in death he evidently resolved that no further harm would
be allowed to come his way.

“A passing automobile came too swiftly on the little dog,
yesterday afternoon. Injured, he crawled into the cover of
the bushes at the side of the road to die. All the wailing of
his larger friend could not save his life, and though the form
was still and cold ‘Ted’ refused to believe that his playfellow
was gone. Those who came with a show of bringing relief

AIREDALE ANECDOTES 161

to the little dog were welcomed by ‘Ted,’ but anyone who
showed any disposition to remove it from his sight soon saw
his ill-will by a snarl and strong attack.

“Only Ted’s obedience to his master’s call brought an
end to the situation after a two days’ vigil, and now Ted
makes his pilgrimage daily to the scene of his little pal’s
disaster and takes seeming comfort in the scant scent of what
was for him everything that friendship in dog life could be.’’

Was It an Airedale?

While Congressman William Kent was campaigning in the
mountains of Mendocino County, California, he stopped at a
wayside inn one evening, joined the group of mountaineers
round the big fireplace, and listened to the general conversa-
tion, which in that section is limited to two topics—sheepdogs
and deerhounds. :

“The best I ever knew,’ observed one of the settlers, ‘‘was
a kind of mixture of hound, shepherd an’ waterspan’el; an’ a
Injun owned it. If he tuck out his rifle the dog wouldn’t run
nothing but deer. If he tuck out his shotgun it wouldn’t look
at nothin’ but quail or grouse. One day he took out his fish-
pole. The dog glanced at it an’ went to diggin’ bait.

“The Injun usen to make good money hirin’ it out to fellers
that come up fum the city a-huntin’ deer, gettin’ his five dollars
a day. He’d go ’long with the dog, beat up a canon, jump a
deer an’ chase it up where the fellers could get a shot at it—
Injun yippin’ right ’long with the dog. After a while it got old
an’ fat an’ couldn’t run no more; so the Injun used to hire
himself out to do it. He wasn’t so fast as the dog, but he
was surer, ‘cause he savvied a little better which way to herd
‘em.”’

“Td like to see that Indian,’’ observed Kent. “Is he
around here?”

“No,” the old man shook his head regretfully. ‘‘You see,
deer got scarce after a while an’ the Injun got to chasin’
jackrabbits—so they had to kill him.”

162 ALL ABOUT AIREDALES

‘*A CLASSIC”

Ladd Public Schools,
G. Frank Townley, Superintendent,
Ladd, Illinois, March 20, 1917.
To Mr. R. M. Palmer, Seattle, Washington.
Dear Mr. ‘‘Lake-Dell’’:

Ef y’ read this ’ere effusion thru, you’ll say ‘‘He’s got his

nerve.”’
An’ I’m willin’ to admit yer right, it’s jest what I’ll deserve.
But, I’m all worked up with readin’ that ‘‘bully’’ good book uv

yours. :
On th’ Airedale, an’ his virtues, his breedin’, ills, an’ cures.
Shure, it seems a kind uv natur’] in one from Hrin’s bog,
To join y’ when y’ sing th’ praise uv man’s best fren’ th’ dog,
Ever since I wuz a “‘spalpeen’”’ I have owned ’most every kind,
An’ some were good, an’ some were bad, an’ some were—never

mind.
It doesn’t take a thorobred to love an’ understand
The man who is his master, an’ to lick that master’s hand,
An’ that’s why th’ Missoury man, a lookin’ at his houn’
Gave out a note uv warnin’ “Quit kickin’ my dawg aroun’.”’

O, thar ain’t no better company, at hum, or as y’ walk

Than that little active “crittur’? who can do ’most all but talk;
If y’ look for faithful service he’s never known t’ fail,

He answers y’ with lovin’ eyes, an’ waggin’ uv his tail.

But really Mr. Palmer, this is what I meant to say:

I have never owned an Airedale, an’ p’raps I never may,
I do not want a mongrel, ‘but, to own a ‘‘crack-a-jack’’
Means a.mighty pile o’ siller, just th’ very thing I lack.

But, th’ pictur’s uv th’ ‘“‘champeens,’’ an’ yer own real doggy
notes

Make me feel as if I’m huntin’ cougars, bob-tails, an’ coyotes,

So, I’m makin’ bold t’ ask y’ (Ef y’ ‘answer well an’ good,

If not, I’m takin’ no offense, let that be understood.)

Do y’ ever, in a litter come across a little pup

That, judgin’ by th’ standard would hardly measure up
To rank among the ‘‘champeens,’”’ tho to th’ purple bred,
Because uv some slight blemish in eye, or coat, or head?

If y’ do (I'd like a female) p’raps you’d see yer way
Te tell me what y’ think she’s worth, so that p’raps I may
At last possess an Airedale, an’ one that’s really good,
For she’ll have th’ LAKE-DELL breedin’ an‘ nothin’ counta
like blood.
Yours unblushingly,
G. FRANK TOWNLEY.

Ladd, Illinois, June 6, 1917.
Dear Mr. Palmer: For some time I have been planning to write you
about our doggie, Lake-Dell Merry, but the closing days of school kept me
very busy and so I let the matter go over,
Well, from the day when she landed, she has been a source of pleasure
to me and my family. She has her own way and is developing into a
splendid animal, You certainly have not overrated the natural intelligence
of the Airedale, etc. G. FRANK TOWNLEY.

THE PALMER AIREDALES

ieee asehl We breed the
ae ; standard, large, use-
ful Airedale, the
ideal ‘‘pal’’ at home,
the incomparable
hunting companion
afield, and the un-
equalled protector of
property, family or
livestock. There is a
wide variance in tem-
peraments of differ-
ent strains of the
Airedale.

If you want The
Trustworthy Sort get

¥ are = a lLake- Dell = bred
READY Airedale.

‘‘lake-Dell’’ Airedales have been the Silver Cup win-
ners in Canada at Victoria, Vancouver and Calgary shows,
and on'the Pacific Coast at Seattle, Tacoma, Spokane,
Everett, Portland, Oakland, Venice, Santa Cruz and San
Francisco shows, in the keenest of competition, and were
the cup winners for best Airedale puppy at Seattle show,
1917 and 1919.

PUPPIES FOR SALE AT
REASONABLE PRICES

LAKE-DELL KENNEL

R. M. PALMER (Owner)
8447 Renton Avenue Seattle, Washington

(Registered in American and United Kennel Clubs)

“START WITH THE BEST”’

MAIL YOUR ORDER

For all Airedale Necessities to

The Randall-McLoughlin Co. of Seattle, U.S. A., and
YOUR POSTMAN

will deliver to your door all mailable articles desired to keep your
Airedale in first-class condition. Some of our new and up-to-date
offerings are:

INVICTA DOG MEAL

This is manufactured exclusively by the Randall-McLaughlin Co. and
contains the cereal elements of diet recommended in the Chapter on
Feeding of this book. It is specially prepared under sanitary condi-
tions in our new factory—a balance cereal ration, perfectly mixed with
cooked meat and is

READY TO FEED

One tried—always used. Fed as moist mash with warm water,
buttermilk or soups. 10-lb. sacks, 75 cents; 25-lb sacks, $1.50 (plus
expressage).

CONDENSED BUTTERMILK

Buttermilk is the most healthful daily dependence in dog feeding.
Its lactic acidity and fats maintain perfect food assimilation and keep
system free from intestinal parasites. Puppies grow strong and robust
with its use. Having buttermilk always available is made possible
by Condensed Buttermilk, which keeps indefinitely in any climate.
Used to mix up food mash with. 5-gallon kegs (dilutes 40 to 1).
Price $4.00 (plus expressage).

INVICTA WHITE BONE MEAL

Developes splendid growth in puppies—makes straight legs and
avoids rickets. 10-lb. sacks, 60 cents (plus expressage).

LIME AND SULPHUR COMPOUND

Diluted in warm water, stops your dog from scratching—Cools
overheated systems—Cures mange and keeps the dog in nice coat.
Per package, 50 cents postpaid.

A complete stock of the world celebrated ‘‘Spratt’s Patent’’ prep-
arations is available at all times. Each one is reliable. (Send for
list, given in full in our catalogue).

The following are in constant demand and needed by all dog
owners:

Spratt’s Tonic and Condition Tablets (to build up after sickness
and to condition the system for exhibiting). Price per package,
60 cents postpaid.

Spratt’s Worn Capsules (Expels round, maw and tapeworm).
Price per package, 60 cents postpaid.

Spratt’s Alterative Cooling Tablets (For heated blood, etc.) Price
per package, 60 cents postpaid.

Spratt’s Chronic Skin Disease Tablets (For obstinate cases of
Manage and eczema). Price, 60 cents postpaid.

Also Spratt’s Dog Cakes, Puppy Cakes, and Puppy Meal. Shipped
by express C. O. D. (any quantity).

Address

The Randall-McLoughlin Co.

(Factory and Office)

320 Westlake North, Seattle, Washington, U. S. A.

The ONLY WEEKLY PAPER IN AMERICA
DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY TO DOGS

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Its articles are handled fearlessly, truthfully
and without reserve. Its reviews are not gov-
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OUTDOOR LIFE

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If you want to know what is going on in the KENNEL WORLD, sub-
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Brings to you each month for a year a wide-awake dog journal, with the
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