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THE GALATHEIDEA
(CRUSTACEA ANOMURA) OF THE
ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION
WITH A REVIEW OF THE
PORCELLANIDAE OF THE
WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC

PLATE 1 ee
Pre

aA
By JANET HAIG WC
t

h

Tue UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS
ALLAN Hancock ATLANTIC EXPEDITION
Report NUMBER 8
IssUED JULY 9, 1956
Price 90 CENTS
Tue UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS
Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA

THE GALATHEIDEA (CRUSTACEA ANOMURA)
OF THE ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION
WITH A REVIEW OF THE PORCELLANIDAE
OF THE WESTERN NORTH ATLANTIC

By JANET Haic

INTRODUCTION

During its cruise into Caribbean waters in April, 1939, the Velero
III under the command of Captain Allan Hancock amassed a large
collection of anomuran Crustacea. The Galatheidea, which are the
subject of the present report, are represented in this collection by three
species of the family Galatheidae and 23 of the family Porcellanidae.
All of them were taken in the littoral or at depths not exceeding 41
fathoms. It is interesting to compare the Galatheidea collected in the
Caribbean by the Atlantis in the same and preceding year, from 150 to
over 1600 fathoms (Chace, 1942). From that expedition the Chiro-
stylidae and Galatheidae were represented by 48 species, and the Por-
cellanidae by a single deep-water form.

In addition to the Velero III material, a few specimens from south-
ern Florida are included in this report. They were collected by L. A.
Burry in 1945, J. S. Garth in 1946, and L. O. Miles in 1949-50, and
are now housed in the Hancock Foundation. All but the 1950 collecting
stations were assigned Hancock station numbers.

Also included is a porcellanid collected in Santa Marta, Colombia,
by I. Vigeland on his return to Europe from Chile where he took part in
the Lund University Chile Expedition of 1948-49. The specimen has
been returned along with the other Anomura from this expedition, all
of which were examined by the writer.

For the geographical account and station records of the Allan
Hancock Atlantic Expedition of 1939, the reader is referred to Garth
(1945).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author particularly wishes to express her appreciation to Dr.
Fenner A. Chace, Jr., who loaned considerable material from the U. S.
National Museum for comparative purposes and made many helpful
suggestions. Dr. John S. Garth of the Hancock Foundation read the

[1]

2 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

manuscript and offered encouragement and advice. Dr. Alceu Lemos de
Castro, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, provided information on a
Brazilian crab. Mr. W. I. Follett of the California Academy of Sciences
advised the author on certain problems of nomenclature. The illustra-
tions of Pachycheles chacei are the work of Glennis Sayers, Hancock
Foundation staff artist. Finally, thanks are due to the administration of
the Hancock Foundation for permission to undertake and time to
complete this report.

Galatheidae
GALATHEA Fabricius, 1793
Galathea rostrata A. Milne Edwards

Galathea rostrata A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 47 (type locality, Blake
Sta. 39, 16 mi NW of Islas Jolbos). A. Milne Edwards and
Bouvier, 1894, p. 252, text-fig. 1; 1897, p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 1-5.
Benedict, 1902, p. 303. Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 402, pl. 29,
fig. 4. Chace, 1942, p. 30.

Previous records.—

North Carolina, vicinity of Beaufort, 14 fms: Fish Hawk (Hay and

Shore). Gulf of Mexico, off Florida, 13-50 fms: Bache (A. Milne

Edwards and Bouvier, 1897) ; 16 mi NW of Islas Jolbos [N of Yuca-

tan], 14 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards). Incertae sedis, off Touton,

12-18 fms: (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1897).

Material examined.—

A73-45. 134 mi ENE of Hillsboro Light, Florida; June 5, 1945; 21
fms; coll. L. A. Burry. 19ov.

Measurements.—The single specimen measured 4.0 mm.
Remarks.—Chace (1942, p. 30) listed the main characters separating

Galathea rostrata from G. agassizi A. Milne Edwards, the only other

western Atlantic member of the genus.

MUNIDA Leach, 1820
Munida pusilla Benedict

Munida pusilla Benedict, 1902, p. 268, text-fig. 16 (type locality, 4/ba-
tross Sta. 2405, Gulf of Mexico off Florida). Chace, 1942, p. 33.
Previous records.—
Florida, off S end, 56 fms: Albatross. Gulf of Mexico, off Florida, 24-
30 fms, and N of Yucatan, 24 fms: Albatross. New Providence Island.
Off Venezuela, 73 fms: Albatross. (All records by Benedict)

NO. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 3

Material examined.—
A14-39. 2 mi SW of Cabo de la Vela, Colombia; Apr. 8, 1939; 21-22
fms. 1¢.
Measurements.—The single male specimen in the collection meas-
ured 8.8 mm.
Munida irrasa A. Milne Edwards
Munida irrasa A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 49 (type localities, Blake
Stase (32). 36, 5051132; 192), 2325 241, 253. 72725) andeZ10))-
Benedict, 1902, pp. 251, 310. Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 402, pl.
28, fig. 8. Chace, 1942, pp. 33, 46.
Munida cariboea A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 49.
Munida caribaea A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1894, p. 256; 1897,
p. 25, pl. 1, figs. 16-20; pl. 2, fig. 1. Young, 1900, p. 403.
Previous records.—
North Carolina, 23 mi off Cape Lookout, 47 and 66 fms: Fish Hawk
(Hay and Shore). Florida, Sombrero Key, 72 fms, and Sand Key, 80-
128 fms: W. Stimpson (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1897). Gulf
of Mexico, 26°31’N x 85°53’ W [off Florida], 119 fms, 23°32’N x
88°05’W, 95 fms, and 23°13’N x 89°16’W [N of Yucatan], 84 fms:
Blake (A. Milne Edwards). 21°14’N, 100 fms: W. Stimpson (A.
Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1897). Cuba, 180-260 fms: Atlantis
(Chace). St. Croix, 115 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards). Dominica,
138 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards). St. Lucia, 116 fms: Blake (A.
Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1897). St. Vincent, 88 fms: Blake (A.
Milne Edwards). Barbados, 76-94 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards) ;
100 fms: Hassler (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1897). Carriacou,
163 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards). Grenada, 92 fms: Blake (A.
Milne Edwards).
Material examined.—
A79-45. 4.5 mi NE of Hillsboro Light, Florida; June 9, 1945; 108-
116 fms; coll. L. A. Burry. 29ov.
A74-45. 3 mi NEx E of Hillsboro Light, Florida; June 5, 1945; 67-
83 fms; coll. L. A. Burry. 2.
A14-39. 2 mi SW of Cabo de la Vela, Colombia; Apr 8, 1939; 21-22
fms. 15°, 9° (7 ov), 2 fragmented specimens.
A43-39. 7 mi N of Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 21, 1939; 40-41
fms. 10°, 52 (3 ov).
Measurements.—Males, 5.9 to 15.5 mm; non-ovigerous females, 6.8
to 10.4 mm; ovigerous females, 7.1 to 14.6 mm.

+ ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Remarks.—The known bathymetric range of this species is 30-260
fathoms, according to Chace (1942). A number of Velero III specimens
were taken from water as shallow as 21 fathoms. A few of the indi-
viduals had a carapace length somewhat greater than the maximum
given by Chace.

Munida angulata Benedict

Munida angulata Benedict, 1902, p. 252, text-fig. 4 (type locality,
Albatross Sta. 2406, Gulf of Mexico off Florida). Chace, 1942,
Be, 39:
Previous records.—
Gulf of Mexico off Florida, 24-27 fms: Albatross (Benedict).
Material examined.—
A14-39. 2 mi SW of Cabo de la Vela, Colombia; Apr 8, 1939; 21-22
fms. 20, 7Qov.
A18-39. 8 mi SW of Sint Nicolaas Baai, Aruba; Apr 10, 1939; 23-24
fms. 23, 242 (13 ov).
A44-39. 4 mi N of Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 21, 1939; 21-22
fms. 12’, 82 (6 ov).
Measurements.—Males, 3.2 to 7.3 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.9
to 7.4 mm; ovigerous females, 4.7 to 7.5 mm.

Porcellanidae
Distribution

From preliminary identifications of the Porcellanidae collected
during the Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition, it soon became apparent
that nearly every species known from the Caribbean region was repre-
sented. Therefore it was decided to include all the Caribbean species in
this report. Actually, every porcellanid known from the western North
Atlantic is to be found in the area of the Caribbean or eastern Gulf of
Mexico, and most of them seem to have their center of distribution in
this region. Several are common as far north as Beaufort, North
Carolina.

Only three species have ranges extending northward into cold water.
Petrolisthes armatus was taken once in Long Island Sound, and Poly-
onyx gibbesi (new name for Polyonyx macrocheles (Gibbes) ; see p.
29) is known as far north as Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Crab larvae
are carried by the Gulf Stream to the shores of New England, where
most do not survive the cold winters (Faxon, 1897); the occurrence

NO. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 5

there of adult Petrolisthes armatus was probably accidental, but Poly-
onyx gibbesi appears to be well established in the New England area,
probably because of the protection afforded by Chaetopterus tubes. The
third species, Porcellana sigsbeiana, which has been taken off Massachu-
setts, is an archibenthal form and thus would be acclimated to cold
water in all parts of its range.

Several western North Atlantic porcellanids range into southern
Brazil, and there are very few known Brazilian forms which do not
also occur in the Caribbean. However, the anomuran fauna of the west-
ern South Atlantic is still inadequately known, and it was thought
inadvisable to expand the scope of this report to include Porcellanidae
which have been recorded from this area only.

Five tropical Atlantic porcellanids also occur in the Pacific. Petro-
listhes tridentatus, P. galathinus, and Megalobrachium poeyi are known
there from very few records, while Petrolisthes armatus and P. margin-
atus appear, on the basis of present knowledge, to have more extensive
ranges in the Pacific than in the Atlantic.

Much remains to be learned of the distribution of the western North
Atlantic Porcellanidae. Certain areas have not been well explored ;
records are completely lacking for the region between Trinidad and
Mamanguape, including the Guianas and the entire northern coast of
Brazil, and are scanty for the western Gulf of Mexico and for the
Central and South American mainland bordering the Caribbean Sea.

Systematics

As Chace (1942, p. 99) has pointed out, the porcellanid genera are
greatly in need of revision on a world-wide basis. The huge conglomerate
lumped together in Petrolisthes contains many aberrant forms and, as
Chace suggests, should probably be subdivided. Pisosoma is not a well-
defined group and there are several species which exhibit characters of
both this genus and Petrolisthes (Ortmann, 1897, p. 295). Although
Porcellanopsis and Megalobrachium as interpreted by Chace (1942, pp.
99-101) are quite distinct as far as their western Atlantic members are
concerned, examination of some Pacific coast forms leads the present
writer to believe that their generic limits will have to be modified to
some extent.

In this report, Pisosoma riisei Stimpson is transferred to Pachycheles,
Petrolisthes jugosus Streets to Pisosoma, and Porcellana rosea Rathbun
to Porcellanopsis. The three species seem to fit more satisfactorily into
these genera as defined in Chace’s key (1942, pp. 100-101), on which
the following key to the western Atlantic genera is based.

ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Key TO THE WESTERN ATLANTIC GENERA
(After Chace, 1942)

Form elongate, “hippa’’-like; telson much longer than broad;
movable portion of antenna removed from orbit by pro-
longation of basal segment, but frequently obscurely so
: ; Euceramus

Form ee Leeate: ee ie iroader than long, never
much longer than broad ee

Lateral wall of carapace broken up into two or more pieces,
separated by membranous interspaces; front triangular or
transverse in dorsal view, never with projecting teeth;
carapace more or less subquadrate; chelipeds very robust
and thick) Ay we a & “a? Pachycheles

Lateral wall of carapace nearly ala entire; if not, the front
distinctly tridentate in dorsal view sc Vio anks

Basal antennal segment small, not joining margin of carapace,
so that movable segments have free access to orbit .

Basal antennal segment strongly produced forward and broadly
in contact with margin of carapace, so that movable por-
tion is far removed from orbit ae

Front not prominent in dorsal view, either fecbiy convex or
faintly trilobate; carpus of chelipeds thick and usually
heavily sculptured; hand thick . . . Pusosoma

Front rather prominent in dorsal view, usually roughly tri-
angular; chelipeds depressed and usually not heavily
sculptured . . . . + . Petrolisthes

Dactyls of ambulatory legs tne in a simple spine, usually
with small, movable accessory spinules on lower margin

Dactyls of ambulatory legs armed with from two to four
strong, fixed spines; carapace distinctly broader than long

‘ d Polyonyx

Peout saonely eidencete in ica view; carapace usually
longer than broad; chelipeds not robust or grossly sculp-
tured ‘ at att cas

Front trilobate or simply eran silans in gia view; carapace
usually broader than iad chelipeds thick and grossly
sculptured : ‘

Carapace elongate, about one- Seen fenwes hae Broa: a
strong spine on lateral margin . . . Minyocerus

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 7

Carapace only slightly longer than broad; at most a spine-
tipped lobe on lateral margin at epibranchial angle

Porcellana

8. Front by bate in rel view; chelipeds and ambula-

tory legs not nodular, but chela, at least, is granular and

longitudinally ridged . . . . Megalobrachium

Front strongly tridentate in frontal view; chelipeds and carpus

and propodus of ambulatory legs decorated with tuber-

culate or granular nodules . . . Porcellanopsis

EUCERAMUS Stimpson, 1860

Euceramus praelongus Stimpson

Euceramus praelongus Stimpson, 1860, pp. 444, 445 (type locality,
Beaufort, North Carolina). Kingsley, 1878, p. 325; 1880, p.
408. Benedict, 1901, p. 138, pl. 3, fig. 12. Hay and Shore, 1918,
p. 405, pl. 29, fig. 3. Glassell, 1938, p. 426. Pearse et al., 1942,
p. 185:
Previous records.—
North Carolina, Beaufort, 4-8 fms: W. Stimpson and T. Gill (Stimp-
son); Beaufort, 7 fms: H. E. Webster (Kingsley, 1880); off Bird
Shoal and Shackleford Bank: (Pearse et al.) ; Lookout Bight: Fish
Hawk (Hay and Shore). South Carolina, Charleston: (Glassell).
Florida, off W coast, 3 fms: Fish Hawk (Glassell) ; Sarasota Bay and
Florida Bay: H. E. Webster (Kingsley, 1880).
Material examined.—None.
Remarks.—This rare species is known to a depth of 8 fathoms.

PACHYCHELES Stimpson, 1858
Key TO THE WESTERN NortTH ATLANTIC SPECIES

1. Telson of abdomen with 7 plates. Chelipeds finely granulate
and sometimes covered with a pile of soft hairs . serratus

Telson of abdomen with 5 plates . . 2
2. Chelipeds naked and completely covered eh fre aie
We geieh Wane Wiss Ak 2 chacet
@heliveds not as ehace ; Soy. pate WiSguees ee ene
3. Chelipeds thickly covered ea Ae poetics sin oe) wpllosus
No stiff bristles on chelipeds . . . : ie

4, Chelipeds smooth except for rugosity on outer margin of carpus
Buf hatchet cv ay : nes riiset
Chelipeds tee over ee siiFace Me OL en A elas BT)

8 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

5. Chelipeds with high longitudinal Bice in between which are

rows of deep pits . . . rugimanus
Chelipeds with longitudinal rows ae faces flattened tubercles 6

6. Fingers of chelipeds not gaping nor full of pubescence; space

between tubercles of chelipeds glabrous or nearly so;

tubercles low, rows irregular . . . . ackleianus

Fingers of major cheliped gaping and full of pubescence; space

between tubercles filled with pubescence; tubercles heavy,

in reeulan rows: . "ss 8) es" ) anonilifer

Pachycheles serratus (Benedict)

Pisosoma serrata Benedict, 1901, p. 135, pl. 3, fig. 7 (type locality,
Mayaguez, Puerto Rico).
Pachycheles serrata Schmitt, 1935, pp. 184, 185 (part).

Previous records.—

Puerto Rico, Mayaguez: Fish Hawk (Benedict). St. Thomas:
(Schmitt).

Material examined.—

A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 10, 19ov.
A57-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 27, 1939; shore. 2¢.

Measurements.—Males, 5.0 to 5.4 mm; ovigerous female, 6.0 mm.

Remarks.—Pachycheles serratus is very similar in appearance to
P. chacei, described in this paper; the only trenchant difference is the
occurrence of seven plates in the telson of the abdomen of P. serratus,
and only five in that of P. chacei. This character is not mentioned in
Benedict’s brief description of Pisosoma serrata or apparent from his
illustration of the animal’s dorsal surface, and consequently it was
dificult to determine whether Benedict’s species was the seven- or the
five-plated form. According to Dr. Fenner A. Chace, Jr., Benedict’s
type material cannot be located in the U. S. National Museum’s collec-
tions.

Nevertheless, the writer feels that P. serratus can be safely assumed
to be the form with the seven-plated telson. This opinion is based on the
following characters, derived from Benedict’s illustration and/or men-
tioned in his description, which apply only to specimens having the seven-
plated telson: a, the orbits are deeper and more rounded than in P.
chacei; b, the arrangement of the carpal teeth is slightly different; c,
the granules in the middle of the carpus are depressed ; d, there is a crest
on the manus of both chelipeds; e, there is no tooth on the cutting edge
of the movable dactyl of the major cheliped; f, the walking legs are

NO. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 9

more hairy than in P. chacei. These differences were apparent in all the
material examined, including the four examples collected by Velero III
and twelve borrowed from the U.S. National Museum.

All the material examined had traces, at least, of hair on the manus,
and in some specimens the manus was covered with a thick pile of fine
hairs. This character was not mentioned by Benedict and is not evident
from his illustration, which was apparently made from a specimen with-
out a distinct pile of hairs.

The only other western Atlantic Pachycheles in which the telson of
the abdomen has seven plates seems to be P. greeleyi (Rathbun), known
at present only from Brazil. The latter species resembles both P. serra-
tus and P. chacei in having granulate chelipeds and a similar arrange-
ment of teeth on the anterior margin of the carpus, but is unlike them
in several respects: it is more coarsely granulate, has a more rugose
carapace and walking legs, and differs in the shape of the fingers and
the size and arrangement of the teeth on their cutting edges.

Pachycheles chacei, new species
Plate 1

Pachycheles serrata Schmitt, 1935, pp. 184, 185 (part). Not P. serratus
(Benedict ).

Holotype.—Ovigerous female, AHF 3917, from Sta. A50-39, Bahia
Caledonia, Panama, Apr 26, 1939, shore, collected by Velero III.

Paratypes.—

A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 26’, 29ov.
Cartagena, Colombia; Colegio de ‘San Pedro Apostal.” 20,
190v. (U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 53413.)

Measurements—Length of holotype, 3.7 mm; width, 4.1 mm.
Length of paratypes: males, 3.1 to 4.4 mm; ovigerous females, 3.5 to
4.5 mm.

Diagnosis —Chelipeds entirely covered with granules, devoid of
hairs. Carpus with a row of about eight teeth on anterior margin. Telson
of abdomen with five plates.

Description ——Carapace slightly broader than long, subquadrate,
the regions not distinct; faintly squamose on lateral and posterior mar-
gins, otherwise smooth; devoid of hairs. Front narrow, faintly convex
in dorsal view. Orbits rather shallow; inner orbital angle nearly rec-
tangular, outer orbital angle only slightly projecting. Lateral wall of
carapace lightly rugose; posterior portion divided into one large and
two small pieces, separated by membranous interspaces. Merus of outer
maxillipeds smooth or lightly punctate.

10 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Chelipeds robust, unequal, devoid of hairs. Merus rugose on dorsal
and smooth on ventral surface; a projection on distal half of anterior
margin, covered with rough granules. Carpus covered on dorsal surface
with coarse granules, which are larger toward outer margin; nearly
smooth on ventral surface; anterior margin thin and raised into a crest,
along which is a row of about five to eight pointed or rounded teeth, the
proximal ones crowded closer together. Manus of major cheliped thick,
heavy, without a crest on outer margin; completely and evenly covered
with large, coarse granules, which are more flattened on the ventral
surface; fixed dactyl with about four large, low teeth on cutting edge,
the proximal one the largest; movable dactyl with a large projecting
tooth at proximal end of cutting edge, followed by about four low teeth.
Manus of minor cheliped without a crest on outer margin; completely
and evenly covered with coarse granules, smaller than those on manus
of major cheliped; granules more flattened on ventral surface; dactyls
with tips crossing; cutting edge of movable dactyl with a large, pro-
jecting tooth followed by a row of about six to nine low teeth, finely
serrate on edges; cutting edges of fixed dactyl with a row of about nine
similar teeth.

Walking legs very faintly rugose, almost devoid of hairs. Lower
surface of propodus with three small spines at distal and one near prox-
imal end. Lower surface of dactyl with a row of three small spines.

Telson of abdomen with five plates.

Remarks.—Schmitt (1935) included Cartagena, Colombia, among
known localities for Pachycheles serratus (Benedict). This record was
based on material of P. chacei in the U. S. National Museum; the
specimens were examined by the writer and are here designated para-
types.

Pachycheles chacei is similar in general appearance to only two other
western north Atlantic porcellanids, Pisosoma angustifrons Benedict and
Pachycheles serratus (Benedict). From Pisosoma angustifrons it may be
distinguished immediately by the generic character of the divided side
walls of the carapace. It is close to Pachycheles serratus but differs in
several respects: there are five plates in the telson of the abdomen, in-
stead of seven; the orbits are somewhat shallower and less rounded than
in P. serratus, and the front is narrower in proportion to the carapace
width; the carapace is devoid of hairs, whereas in P. serratus it is
sparsely hairy, especially on the frontal region; the chelipeds are also
devoid of hairs, instead of being sparsely or thickly hairy; the teeth on
the anterior margin of the carpus are not divided by three notches into

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 11

groups, as in P. serratus, but are more or less evenly distributed ; the
granules in the middle of the carpus are not depressed ; the outer side of
the manus of both chelipeds is rounded, without any trace of a crest; the
movable dactyl of the major cheliped has a large projecting tooth at the
proximal end of the cutting edge, which is lacking in P. serratus; the
merus of the outer maxillipeds is smooth or faintly punctate, whereas it
is lightly rugose in P. serratus; and the walking legs are much less hairy
than in P. serratus.
The species is named for Dr. Fenner A. Chace, Jr.

Pachycheles pilosus (Milne Edwards)

Porcellana pilosa Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 255 (type locality, vicinity
of Charleston, South Carolina). White, 1847, p. 64. Stimpson,
1858, p. 228. Kingsley, 1880, p. 406. Benedict, 1901, p. 137, pl.
3, fig. 11. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 294.

?Pachycheles panamensis Ortmann, 1897, p. 293. Rankin, 1898, p. 231:
Not P. panamensis Faxon.

Pachycheles pilosus Schmitt, 1924a, p. 76; 1924b, p. 90; 1935, pp. 183,
184; 1936, p. 375. Monod, 1939, p. 559.

Previous records.—

South Carolina, vicinity of Charleston: (Milne Edwards). Florida,
Sarasota Bay and Key West: H. E. Webster (Kingsley). West Indies:
Scrivener (White). ? Bahamas: (Ortmann); Salt Cay: Northrop
(Rankin). Puerto Rico: Fish Hawk (Benedict); Punta Ballena and
Guayanilla Harbor: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids. (Schmitt,
1935). St. Thomas: (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier). Guadaloupe:
R. Lami (Monod). Barbados: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped.
(Schmitt, 1924b). Aruba: P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936). Curacao:
C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 19422). Bonaire: P. Hummelinck
(Schmitt, 1936).
Material examined.—

A16-39. Punt Basora, Aruba; Apr 10, 1939; shore. 19ov.

A41-39. Buccoo Reef, Tobago Island; Apr 20, 1939; shore. 70°, 6Qov.

Measurements.—Males, 4.8 to 7.1 mm; ovigerous females, 4.9 to
7.2 mm.

Remarks.—Pachycheles pilosus has been taken in corals. It is known
to a depth of 4 fathoms (Schmitt, 1935).

Specimens from the Bahamas identified by Ortmann (1897) as
Pachycheles panamensis Faxon should probably be referred to P. pilosus,
the only western north Atlantic form that resembles Faxon’s species.
Aside from Ortmann’s record (based on the same specimens as Rankin,
1898), P. panamensis has been reported only from the Pacific coast.

12 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Pachycheles riisei (Stimpson), n. comb.

Pisosoma riisei Stimpson, 1858, p. 228 (nomen nudum); 1859, p. 75
(type locality, St. Thomas). Rathbun, 1900, p. 146. Schmitt,
1924b, p. 89; 1935, p. 188, text-fig. 48.

Pisosoma glabra Kingsley, 1880, p. 406, pl. 14, fig. 2 (type locality, Key
West, Florida). Benedict, 1901, p. 135, pl. 3, fig. 5.

Pisisoma riisei Ortmann, 1897, p. 295.

Pisisoma glabra Ortmann, 1897, p. 295.

Pisosoma riisei? Nobili, 1898, p. 2.

Pisosoma reisei Young, 1900, p. 395.

Pisosoma risei Moreira, 1920, pp. 128, 132.

Previous records.—

Florida, Key West: H. E. Webster (Kingsley). Puerto Rico: Fish

Hawk (Benedict). St. Thomas: A. H. Riise (Stimpson, 1859); P.

Duchassaing de Fonbressin (Nobili). Barbados: Univ. Iowa Barbados-

Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Brazil, Maceio, Alagoas: A. W.

Greeley (Rathbun) ; Ilha Trindade: Barroso (Moreira).

Material examined.—None from the Hancock collections.
Remarks.—In the opinion of the writer, who examined specimens
loaned by the U. S. National Museum, this species belongs in the genus

Pachycheles rather than in Pisosoma where it has always been placed.

The side walls of the carapace are subdivided, as in all members of the

genus Pachycheles. It is very close to Pachycheles biocellatus (Locking-

ton) of the west coast.
This crab occurs in the littoral, and has been taken from coral heads.

Pachycheles rugimanus A. Milne Edwards

Pachycheles rugimanus A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 36 (type localities,
Contoy and W of Florida). Benedict, 1901, p. 136, pl. 3, fig.
9. Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 404, pl. 29, fig. 2. A. Milne Edwards
and Bouvier, 1923, p. 296, pl. 4, fig. 3. Schmitt, 1935, p. 184,
text-fig. 46.
Previous records.—
North Carolina, off Beaufort, 14 fms, and off Cape Lookout, 47 fms:
Fish Hawk (Hay and Shore). Florida, 13 fms: Bache (A. Milne
Edwards). Mexico, Contoy, 12-18 fms: W. Stimpson (A. Milne
Edwards). St. Thomas: (Schmitt).
Material examined.—None from the Hancock collections.
Remarks.—To a depth of 79 fathoms (Schmitt).

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 13

Pachycheles ackleianus A. Milne Edwards

?Porcellana parrai Guérin, 1855, pl. 2, fig. 3 (type locality, Cuba) ;
HSS 7a paxvis Sob, p. xl, pL 2enigasd:

Pachycheles ackleianus A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 36 (type localities,
Blake Sta. 11, off W coast of Florida, and Sta. 39, Jolbos Is-
lands). Benedict, 1901, p. 136. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier,
1923, p. 295, pl. 2, fig. 12; pl. 4, fig. 2. Schmutt, 1924b, ps 90;
1935, p. 184.

Pachycheles ackleyanus A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1894, p. 291.

?Pisosoma angustifrons Boone, 1930, p. 70, pl. 18. Not P. angustifrons
Benedict.

Previous records.—

Florida, Tampa Bay: (Schmitt, 1935); 26°00’N x 82°57/30”W

[Gulf of Mexico], 24 fms: Albatross (Benedict) ; 24°43’N x 83°75’W

[N of Dry Tortugas], 37 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards) ; ? S of

Sand Key off Key West, 20 fms: 4ra (Boone). Mexico, Jolbos Islands

[N of Yucatan], 14 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards). ? Cuba: (Gueér-

in). Jamaica: (Schmitt, 1935). St. Thomas: (A. Milne Edwards and

Bouvier, 1923). Barbados: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped.

(Schmitt, 1924b).

Material examined—None from the Hancock collections.

Remarks.—Pachycheles ackleianus has been taken from sponges and
coral heads; it is known to a depth of 37 fathoms.

Porcellana parrai Guérin from Cuba has not been identified with
any of the known Caribbean forms. Since the figure bears some resem-
blance to Pachycheles ackleianus, Guérin’s species is tentatively placed
here.

The specimens called Pisosoma angustifrons by Boone (1930) are
certainly not that species, judging from the description and figure, and
should probably be referred to Pachycheles ackleianus.

Pachycheles monilifer (Dana)

Porcellana rugosimanus White, 1847, p. 63 (nomen nudum).

Porcellana monilifera Dana, 1852, p. 413; 1855, pl. 26, fig. 3 (type
locality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).

Pachycheles moniliferus Stimpson, 1858, p. 228. Smith, 1869, p. 38.
Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 259. Ortmann, 1897, p. 294. Moreira, 1901,
pp. 32, 91. A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 295.

14 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Pachycheles maniliferus Cano, 1889, p. 97.
Pachycheles monilifer Rathbun, 1900, p. 148. Moreira, 1920, p. 126,
footnote.

Previous records.—

Mexico, Contoy, 12-18 fms: W. Stimpson (A, Milne Edwards and
Bouvier). Brazil, Mamanguape: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun) ; Pernam-
buco: Vettor Pisani (Cano); Pernambuco at Ilha de Nogueira and
Boa Viagem, Pernambuco: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun) ; Bahia: (Mor-
eira, 1901); Rio de Janeiro: U. S. Expl. Exped. (Dana); Rio de
Janeiro: (Ortmann) ; vicinity of Rio de Janeiro: (Moreira, 1920).

Material examined.—

A94-46. Outer Hillsboro Reef, Florida; Apr 4, 1946; 0-3 ft; coll.
J. S. Garth. 16, 190v.

A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 60, 49.

A28-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; 2 fms. 1 young.

A30-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; shore. 1¢.

Measurements.—Males, 2.8 to 8.6 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.4
to 3.6 mm; ovigerous female, 9.0 mm.

Remarks.—This species has been taken in the littoral and to depths
of 18 fathoms. Moreira (1920) encountered it among Fucus in the
vicinity of Rio de Janeiro; the young specimen from St. A28-39 was
also taken from algae. The present material is the first reported outside
of Brazil, except for the single record of A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier
(1923).

As the writer has stated elsewhere (Haig, 1955, p. 42), White’s
Porcellana rugosimanus (nomen nudum), which was_ erroneously
ascribed to Chile, should be referred to Pachycheles monilifer.

PISOSOMA Stimpson, 1858
Key TO THE WESTERN NorTH ATLANTIC SPECIES

1. Carpus of chelipeds without longitudinal ridges; chelipeds
completely covered with rounded granules . angustifrons

Carpus of chelipeds with three rugose, longitudinal ridges 2
2. Teeth on carpus of chelipeds blunt, entire; no longitudinal
groove on outer margin of hand; ambulatory legs thickly
Hairy tsk ke os 2) ie) = ouracacensé
Teeth on carpus of chelipeds pointed, denticulate ; outer margin
of hand with a longitudinal groove; ambulatory legs
Sparsely hairy =. «© = «5... © = » gugosum

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 15

Pisosoma angustifrons Benedict

Pisosoma angustifrons Benedict, 1901, p. 135, pl. 3, fig. 6 (type locality,
Trinidad). Schmitt, 1924a, p. 74; 1936, p. 374. Monod, 1939,
p. 559. Not Boone, 1930, p. 70, pl. 18.
Previous records.—
Guadaloupe: R. Lami (Monod). Curacao: C. J. van der Horst
(Schmitt, 19242). Bonaire: P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936). Trini-
dad: Albatross (Benedict).
Material examined.—
A20-39. Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 13, 1939; shore. 1c, 29
(1 ov), 14 young.
A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 2c, 5?
(4 ov), 7 young.
A30-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; shore. 1<.
Measurements.—Males, 3.2 to 5.0 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.3
and 5.0 mm; ovigerous females, 3.2 to 7.1 mm; young, to 2.3 mm.
Remarks.—Pisosoma angustifrons has been taken in the littoral,
among stones; it has been found associated with Maeandra and gor-
gonian corals, and with the anemone Zoanthus sociatus.

Pisosoma curacaoense Schmitt

Pisosoma curacaoensis Schmitt, 1924a, p. 75, pl. 8, figs. 1-3 (type local-
ity, Spanish Bay, Curacao) ; 1935, p. 188; 1936, p. 374.
Previous records.—
Puerto Rico, San Juan Harbor: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids.
(Schmitt, 1935). Curacao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a).
Bonaire: P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936).
Material examined.—
A16-39. Punt Basora, Aruba; Apr 10, 1939; shore. 350, 362 (28
ov).
A20-39. Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 13, 1939; shore. 4, 39
(2 ov).
Measurements.—Males, 1.7 to 4.5 mm; non-ovigerous females, 1.3
to 2.6 mm; ovigerous females, 2.0 to 5.8 mm.
Remarks.—P. curacaoense has been taken in the littoral, among
stones and in colonies of Zoanthus sociatus.
Of males in the present material with both chelipeds attached,
26 per cent had a brush of pubescence on the outer surface of the hand
of both chelipeds, 52 per cent on one cheliped only, and 22 per cent on

16 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

neither. Of females, 92 per cent had pubescence on both chelipeds, 4 per
cent on one, and 4 per cent on neither. This bears out the opinion of
Schmitt (1924a) that the possession of pubescence on the hand of both
chelipeds is predominantly a female character in this species.

Pisosoma jugosum (Streets), n. comb.

Petrolisthes jugosus Streets, 1872, p. 134 (type locality, Saint Martin
Island). Kingsley, 1880, p. 405. Benedict, 1901, p. 134. Schmitt,
1924a, p. 74; 1924b, p. 88; 1935, pp. 185, 186; 1936, p. 374.
Petrolisthes (Pisisoma) jugosus Ortmann, 1897, p. 295.

Previous records.—

Florida, Charlotte Harbor: (Schmitt, 1935) ; Key West: H. E. Web-
ster (Kingsley). Puerto Rico, Caballo Blanco and Ponce: Fish Hawk
(Benedict) ; Guayanilla Harbor: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids.
(Schmitt, 1935). St. Thomas: (Benedict). St. Martin: Van Rijgersma
(Streets). Barbados: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt,
1924b). Curacao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a). Bonaire:
P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936).

Material examined.—

A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 19ov.

A56-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 27, 1939; shoal. 19.

A57-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 27, 1939; shore. 1c.

A46-39. Vista Alegre, Curacao; Apr 23, 1939; shore. 1o', 19ov.

A20-39. Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 13, 1939; shore. 8¢, 89
(3 ov).

A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 1o¢, 29
(1 ov).

A41-39. Buccoo Reef, Tobago Island; Apr 20, 1939; shore. 2Qov.

Measurements.—Males, 1.6 to 3.8 mm; non-ovigerous females, 1.8
to 3.2 mm; ovigerous females, 2.7 to 3.5 mm.

Remarks.—Pisosoma jugosum has been found in the littoral, under
stones and associated with Zoanthus sociatus and corals including
Maeandra.

The species is here transferred, with some hesitation, to Pisosoma
because it seems to conform more closely to the characters of this genus,
having thick, heavily channeled carpi and the front transverse when
viewed from above. Ortmann (1897) also placed the species in Pisosoma
which, however, he did not consider generically distinct from Petro-
listhes.

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA

PETROLISTHES Stimpson, 1858

Key To THE WESTERN NortTH ATLANTIC SPECIES
(Based on Schmitt, 1935)

Carpus of chelipeds entire

Carpus toothed on anterior margin i

Front without a distinct lobiform tooth at inner eel aisles
distal extremity of posterior margin of carpus ending in a
blunt angle or low obtuse tooth . . . quadratus

Front with a distinct lobiform tooth at inner orbital angles;
distal extremity of posterior margin of carpus ending in a
sharp spine) «s,s sh 5. tridentatus

Lateral wall of carapace entire; fant not with 3 equally pro-
jecting teeth; telson of abdomen with 7 plates

Lateral wall of carapace finely broken into pieces; front with 3
equally projecting teeth; telson of abdomen with 5 plates

Carpus of chelipeds armed with 3 low, wide-set, spine-tipped
teeth

Carpus armed with 4 eae or spines fe ap

Carapace paola rugose ; epibranchial spine aye

Pe ae se ; armatus
Bice iy: carapace more or less ated not rugose; no epi-
branchial spine .. . . . politus

Carpus armed with 4 apenecting spines; lateral margins of
carapace armed with a row of small spines; margin of
front spinuliferous; carapace rugose . . tortugensis

Carpus armed with 4 teeth or lobes; no spines (except epi-
branchial spine) on lateral margins of carapace ;

Carapace very rough with prominent, transverse piliferous
rugae 3.5 % . . galathinus

Carapace more or i eh nee prominent rugae

Front triangularly produced, its margin spinuliferous ; margins
of chelae spinuliferous ; carapace not pubescent . amoenus

Front with a median, produced lobe, its margin not spinulifer-
ous; carapace pubescent . . . . marginatus

Orbital margin straight, shallow, eolene: front greatly pro-
duced; walking legs not hairy . . ~. vanderhorsti

Orbital margin deeply concave; front not greatly produced ;
walking legs hairy . . . . . . ~~ nodosus

Ws

18 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Petrolisthes quadratus Benedict

Petrolisthes quadratus Benedict, 1901, p. 134, pl. 3, figs. 4, 4a (type
locality, Ponce, Puerto Rico). Schmitt, 1924a, p. 73; 1935, pp.
185, 187.
?Petrolisthes near quadratus Schmitt, 1939, p. 28.
Previous records.—
Puerto Rico, Ponce: Fish Hawk (Benedict). ? Isla Vieja Providencia:
Presidential Cruise of 1938 (Schmitt, 1939). Curacao: C. J. van der
Horst (Schmitt, 1942a).
Material examined.—
A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 19ov.
A16-39. Punt Basora, Aruba: Apr 10, 1939; shore. 2¢', 19, 1 young.
A46-39. Vista Alegre, Curacao; Apr 23, 1939; shore. 19.
A30-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; shore. 19ov.
Measurements.—Males, 3.9 and 4.0 mm; non-ovigerous females,
4.2 and 4.5 mm; ovigerous females, 3.7 and 7.4 mm; young, 2.9 mm.
Remarks—Known from the littoral. The female from Bahia
Caledonia differs from the rest of the material examined in having a
brush of pubescence on the outer surface of the left hand. The right
cheliped is missing.

Petrolisthes tridentatus Stimpson

Petrolisthes tridentatus Stimpson, 1858, p. 227 (nomen nudum) ; 1859,
p. 75, pl. 1, fig. 4 (type locality, Barbados). Rankin, 1898, p.
238. Young, 1900, p. 394. Benedict, 1901, p. 134, pl. 3, fig. 2.
A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 291. Schmitt, 1924b,
p. 88; 1935, pp. 185, 187, text-fig. 47; 1939, p. 28.
Previous records.—
Bahamas, New Providence Island and Salt Cay: Northrop (Rankin).
St. Thomas: A. H. Riise (Stimpson, 1859); (A. Milne Edwards and
Bouvier). Antigua: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt,
1924b). Barbados: T. Gill (Stimpson, 1859); Univ. Iowa Barbados-
Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Trinidad: (Benedict). Isla Vieja
Providencia: Presidential Cruise of 1938 (Schmitt, 1939).
Material examined.—
A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 19ov.
A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 19.
A30-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; shore. 16.
Measurements.—Male, 6.5 mm; female, 3.9 mm; ovigerous female,
4.1 mm.

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 19

Remarks.—Known from the littoral. This species was reported by
Schmitt (1935) from the Pacific, at Isla Taboguilla, Panama.

Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes)

Porcellana armata Gibbes, 1850, p. 190 (type locality, Florida) ; 1854,
p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 4; Gundlach, 1887, p. 130. Not Dana, 1852, p.
426; 1855, pl. 26, fig. 14.

Porcellana gundlachii Guérin, 1855, pl. 2, fig. 6 (type locality, Cuba) ;
1857a, p. xvi; 1857b, p. xxxix, pl. 2, fig. 6.

Petrolisthes armatus Stimpson, 1858, p. 227; 1859, p. 73. Kingsley,
1880, p. 406. Smith, 1880, p. 266. Henderson, 1888, p. 105.
Benedict, 1892, p. 77; 1901, p. 133. Ortmann, 1893, p. 51;
1897, p. 280. Rankin, 1898, p. 238; 1900, p. 533. Rathbun,
1899, pp. 628, 629; 1900, p. 145; 1905, p. 13; 1920, p. 11.
Young, 1900, p. 393. Verrill, 1908b, p. 434, pl. 27, fig. 3; pl.
28, fig. 4. Boone, 1930, p. 73, pl. 19. Schmitt, 1935, pp. 185,
186. Hedgpeth, 1950, p. 79.

Porcellana leporina Heller, 1862, p. 523 (type locality, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil) ; 1865, p. 78, pl. 6, fig. 7.

Petrolisthes leporinus Smith, 1869, p. 38.

Percellana armata Martens, 1872, p. 121, pl. 5, fig. 11.

Percellana gundlachi Martens, 1872, p. 122, pl. 5, fig. 12.

Petrolisthes similis Henderson, 1888, p. 108 (fide Faxon, 1895, p. 70,
footnote ).

Petrolisthes armata Heilprin, 1888, p. 320.

Petrolisthes marginatus Nobili, 1897, p. 4. Not P. marginatus Stimpson.

?Petrolisthes iheringi Ortmann, 1897, p. 286, pl. 17, fig. 3 (type local-
ity, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil).

Petrolisthes lamarcki var. asiaticus Borradaile, 1898, p. 464 (part).
Moreira, 1901, pp. 33, 92 (part). Not P. lamarcki (Leach).

Petrolisthes armatus var. pallidus Verrill, 1908a, p. 291 (type locality,
Bermuda) ; 1908b, p. 434.

?Porcellana polita? A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 293, pl.
1, fig. 7. Not Petrolisthes politus (Gray).

Previous records.—

Connecticut, Stony Creek near New Haven: A, E. Verrill (Smith,

1880). Florida: (Gibbes, 1850); Edgmont Key: (Verrill, 1908b) ;

Sarasota, Charlotte, and Florida Bays: H. E. Webster (Kingsley) ;

Pigeon Key: (Boone) ; Key West: Packard (Kingsley) ; Key West:

(Verrill, 1908b). Texas, Port Aransas: (Hedgpeth). Bermudas:

20 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Challenger (Henderson); A. Heilprin (Heilprin); Plankton-Exped.

Humboldt-Stiftung (Ortmann, 1893); New York Univ. Exped.

(Rankin, 1900). Bahamas: (Ortmann, 1897); Salt Cay: Northrop

(Rankin, 1898). Cuba: (Guérin); J. Gundlach (Martens) ; Cape

Cruz, 3 fms: Ara (Boone). Jamaica: (Benedict, 1892) ; J. E. Duerden

(Rathbun, 1899). Puerto Rico, San Juan: J. Gundlach (Gundlach) ;

San Juan and Bahia Boqueron: Fish Hawk (Benedict, 1901); Ense-

nada, between Ensenada and Guanica, Guanica Harbor, S of Islas Cana

Gorda, and Guayanilla Playa: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids.

(Schmitt, 1935). St. Thomas: A. H. Riise (Stimpson, 1859). Panama:

? Sternbergh and Rowell (Stimpson, 1859); Aspinwall [== Colon]:

Rowell (Stimpson, 1859) ; Colon: (Verrill, 1908b). Curacao: J. Boeke

(Rathbun, 1920). Brazil, Mamanguape, Rio Goyanna, and Maceio:

A. W. Greeley (Rathbun, 1900); Bahia: (Ortmann, 1897); Rio de

Janeiro: Novara (Heller, 1862); States of Bahia, Rio de Janeiro and

Santa Catharina: (Moreira, 1901).

Material examined.—

A111-49. Punta Rassa near San Carlos Bay, opposite Sanibel Island,
Florida; May 15, 1949; shore; coll. L. O. Miles. 16, 29 (1
ov).

A145-49. Marco Island near channel S of Big Marco Pass, Florida;
June 14, 1949; coll. L. O. Miles. 5, 1Q0v.

Marco Island, Florida: Sept 15, 1950; shore; coll. L. O. Miles. 40,
49 (2 ov). Taken off “finger sponge” in lagoon.

N end of Marco Island, Florida; Sept 16, 1950; shore; coll. L. O.
Miles. 7, 69 (2 ov).

Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida; Sept 23, 1950; coll. L. O. Miles.
53°, 132 (9 ov).

A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 2.

Measurements.—Males, 3.5 to 10.7 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.0
to 9.2 mm; ovigerous females, 3.8 to 6.7 mm.

Remarks.—Petrolisthes armatus is found among rocks from shore to
5 fathoms (Schmitt, 1935) and is frequently a member of the coral and
sponge faunas.

This is a species of extremely wide distribution. In the eastern
Pacific it ranges from the Gulf of California to northern Peru, includ-
ing the Galapagos Islands. In addition, it occurs in the Indo-Pacific
along with some closely related species, and there is considerable dis-
agreement among various authors as to the status of the Indo-Pacific
forms. Ortmann (1897) and Borradaile (1898) are two who discuss
this problem. References to Indo-Pacific forms which may apply to
P. armatus are not included in the synonymy above.

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA vA

According to Nobili (1901, p. 12), the specimen earlier identified
by him (1897, p. 4) as Petrolisthes marginatus Stimpson was actually
an anomalous example of P. armatus with four spines on the carpus of
the cheliped instead of three. Among specimens from Florida examined
in connection with this report, several had an extra carpal spine, usually
on one cheliped only.

Petrolisthes politus (Gray)

Porcellana polita Gray, 1831, p. 14 (type locality not designated).
Griffith, 1833, p. 312. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 253. White,
1847, p. 63. Probably not A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923,
p: 295, pl. 1, figs 7:
Porcellaria polita Griffith, 1833, pl. 25, fig. 2.
Porcellana magnifica Gibbes, 1850, p. 191 (type locality, Vera Cruz,
Mexico) ; 1854, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 3.
Petrolisthes politus Stimpson, 1858, p. 227; 1859, p. 74. Nobili, 1897,
p. 4. Schmitt, 1936, p. 374. Monod, 1939, p. 559. Not Stebbing,
1920, p. 261.
Petrolisthes magnifica Benedict, 1893, p. 539. Young, 1900, p. 393.
Schmitt, 1924a, p. 73; 1924b, p. 89.
Petrolisthes magnificus Rathbun, 1920, p. 11.
Petrolisthes polita Schmitt, 1935, pp. 185, 187.
Previous records.—
Florida Keys: (Rathbun). Mexico, Vera Cruz: (Gibbes, 1850). Puerto
Rico, Guanica Harbor: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids. (Schmitt,
1935). St. Thomas: A. H. Riise (Stimpson, 1859). Antigua: Univ.
Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Guadaloupe: R.
Lami (Monod). Barbados: T. Gill (Stimpson, 1859); W. H. and
A. H. Brown (Benedict); Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped.
(Schmitt, 1924b). Panama, Colén: E. Festa (Nobili). Curacao: J.
Boeke (Rathbun); C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a). Bonaire:
J. Boeke (Rathbun) ; P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936).
Material examined.—
A46-39. Vista Alegre, Curacao; Apr 23, 1939; shore. 16¢, 129
(8 ov).
A41-39. Buccoo Reef, Tobago Island; Apr 20, 1939; shore. 10,
19o0v.
Measurements.—Males, 4.1 to 9.1 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.9
to 8.1 mm; ovigerous females, 4.9 to 9.3 mm.
Remarks.—The species occurs in the littoral among rocks; up to a

depth of 110 fathoms (Schmitt, 1935).

22 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

As noted by Monod (1939), the individual questionably called
Porcellana polita by A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier (1923, p. 293,
pl. 1, fig. 7) is more likely Petrolisthes armatus because of the presence
in their specimen of an epibranchial spine, which is lacking in Petro-
listhes politus.

Rathbun (1910, p. 600) listed P. politus among species occurring
on the Pacific coast, but the only record in the literature which might be
construed as Pacific seems to be the general locality ‘“Panama’”’ given by
Nobili (1897, p. 4), who had material from the Atlantic side of the
isthmus.

Petrolisthes tortugensis Glassell

Petrolisthes tortugensis Glassell, 1945, p. 228, text-fig. 2 (type locality,
in and around Tortugas, Florida).

Previous records.—

Florida, in and around Tortugas: W. L. Schmitt (Glassell).

Material examined.—

A44-39, 4 mi N of Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 21, 1939; 21-
22 fms. 1, 5°.

Measurements.—Male, ca. 4.5 mm (fragmented) ; females, 4.4 to
6.4 mm.

Remarks.—Glassell’s specimens were collected in Porites coral from
low water to 11 fathoms. The Velero III material was taken with dead
coral at 21 to 22 fathoms, thus doubling the known depth range of the
species.

The name tortugensis, referring to Tortugas, Florida, remains equal-
ly appropriate with the second recovery of the species near Isla La
Tortuga, Venezuela.

Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc)

Porcellana galathina Bosc, 1801 (or 1802), p. 233, pl. 6, fig. 2 (type
locality unknown) ; 1830, p. 299, pl. 6, fig. 2. Latreille, 1802
(or 1803), p. 76; 1819, p. 5, pl. M10, fig. 4. Desmarest, 1825,
p. 199. Gray, 1831, p. 14. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 258, foot-
note. White, 1847, p. 62. Gibbes, 1854, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 1. Guérin,
1857a, p. xvi; 1857b, p. xxxix. Not Say, 1818, p. 458.

Porcellana sexspinosa Gibbes, 1850, p. 190 (type locality, Key West,
Florida).

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 23

Porcellana boscii? Dana, 1852, p. 421; 1855, pl. 26, fig. 11. Not Petro-
listhes bosci Savigny.

Porcellana danae Gibbes, 1854, p. 11 (new name for Porcellana boscit
of Dana).

Porcellana egregia Guérin, 1855, pl. 2, fig. 1 (type locality, Cuba) ;
L35/b pl. 2, figs 1:

Petrolisthes sexspinosus Stimpson, 1858, p. 227; 1859, p. 73. Kingsley,
1880, p. 405. Smith, 1887, p. 638. Benedict, 1892, p. 77; 1901,
p. 133. Rathbun, 1900, p. 145.

Petrolisthes occidentalis Stimpson, 1859, p. 73 (type locality, Panama).

Petrolisthes brasiliensis Smith, 1869, p. 38 (new name for Porcellana
boscii of Dana). Cano, 1889, pp. 96, 97.

Petrolisthes danae Kingsley, 1880, p. 405, footnote. Ortmann, 1892, p.
264.

Petrolisthes bhaziliensis Cano, 1889, p. 257.

?Petrolisthes sp. Benedict, 1892, p. 77 (“Near sexspinosus’’).

Petrolisthes galathinus Nobili, 1897, p. 4. Ortmann, 1897, p. 283.
Moreira, 1901, pp. 34, 93; 1920, p. 132. Hay and Shore, 1918,
p. 404, pl. 29, fig. 1. Rathbun, 1920, p. 11. A. Milne Edwards
and Bouvier, 1923, p. 289, pl. 1, figs. 1-2. Schmitt, 1924a, p.
73: 1924b, p. 88; 1935, pp. 185, 186; 1936, p. 374; 1939, p. 28.
Boone, 1930, p. 76, pl. 20. Pearse, 1951, p. 143, Not Boone,
1932, p. 45, nor Hult, 1938, p. 10.

Petrolisthes galatinus Nobili, 1898, p. 2.

?Petrolisthes 2sexspinosus Rathbun, 1899, p. 628.

Previous records.—

North Carolina, off Cape Hatteras, 16 fms: Albatross (Smith, 1887) ;

off New River Inlet and off mouth of Cape Fear River, 6-7 fms: Fish

Hawk (Hay and Shore); off New River Inlet: L. G. Williams

(Pearse). South Carolina: (Gibbes, 1854). Florida, Sarasota Bay,

Florida Bay, Harbor Key, and Key West: H. E. Webster (Kingsley) ;

Key West: Wurdemann (Gibbes, 1850); Florida Keys: Wurdemann

and Whitehurst (Stimpson, 1859). Mexico, Contoy, 12-18 fms: (A.

Milne Edwards and Bouvier). West Indies?: (White). Cuba: (Guér-

in) ; Cualeo Reales: (Boone, 1930). Jamaica: (Benedict, 1892) ; J. E.

Duerden (Rathbun, 1899). Puerto Rico, San Juan, Mayaguez Harbor,

Boquerén, Ensenada Honda, and Caballo Blanco: Fish Hawk (Bene-

dict, 1901) ; Parguera, Salinas Cove, Guanica Harbor, Punta Ballena,

and Tallaboa: Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids. (Schmitt, 1935).

Culebra: (Schmitt, 1935). Antilles: (Latreille, 1802-3). St. Thomas:

P. Duchassaing de Fonbressin (Nobili, 1898) ; (Schmitt, 1935). Flan-

24 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

negan Passage [E of St. Thomas], 27 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards
and Bouvier). Barbados: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped.
(Schmitt, 1924b). Isla Vieja Providencia: Presidential Cruise of 1938
(Schmitt, 1939). Panama, Colén: E. Festa (Nobili, 1897), Aruba:
P. Hummelinck (Schmitt, 1936). Curacao: J. Boeke (Rathbun, 1920) ;
C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a). Bonaire: P. Hummelinck
(Schmitt, 1936). Brazil: (Ortmann, 1892); Mamanguape: A. W.
Greeley (Rathbun, 1900); Pernambuco: Vettor Pisani (Cano) ; Boa
Viagem, Pernambuco, and Maceié, Alagoas: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun,
1900) ; Bahia: (Moreira, 1901); Rio de Janeiro: U. S. Expl. Exped.
(Dana) ; Ilha Trindade: Barroso (Moreira, 1920).

Material examined.—

Marco Island, Florida; Sept 15, 1950; shore; coll. L. O. Miles. 2¢,
59 (2 ov). Taken off “finger sponge” in lagoon.

N end of Marco Island, Florida; Sept 16, 1950; shore; coll. L. O.
Miles. 190v.

Lower Matecumbe Key, Florida; Sept 23, 1950; coll. L. O. Miles.
e219.

A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 19ov.

A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 26’, 59.

A35-39. Port-of-Spain, Trinidad; Apr 18, 1939; 1-3 fms. 19.

Measurements——Males, 3.1 to 7.1 mm; non-ovigerous females, 3.7
to 8.9 mm; ovigerous females, 5.5 to 8.5 mm.

Remarks—Petrolisthes galathinus has been taken to a depth of 27
fathoms, and in the littoral among rocks and in sponges, corals, and
colonies of the anemone Zoanthus sociatus.

In addition to its extensive range in the Atlantic, the species has
been reported from the Pacific side of Panama as Petrolisthes occiden-
talis (several authors) and as P. galathinus (Boone, 1931; Schmitt,
1935)

Gibbes (1854, pp. 8-10) reviewed the complicated early history of
the synonymy of P. galathinus. Guérin-Méneville did the same in the
French edition of Sagra’s work on Cuba (Guérin, 1857b, pp. xxxix-xh,
footnote), although his discussion did not appear in the Spanish edition
of the same work. Guérin-Meéneville’s account reveals that although he
was critical of the way in which some of the earlier authors treated the
species, he himself was guilty of misstatements and carelessness in citing
the work of others. For example, he said that Bosc, in his original
description (1801-2), reported the species from the Antilles; but Bosc
actually stated “On ignore son pays natal” and it was Latreille (1802-
3) who attributed it to the Antilles.

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 25

Bose (1801-2) named Porcellana galathina on p. 233 but gave its
complete description on pp. 231-232 under the general discussion of
Porcellana. In the description he stated that the carapace was “couvert
de stries transverses”’ but in the brief diagnosis accompanying the Latin
name on p. 233 he said “strié longitudinalement.” In the second edition
of the same work (1830) an almost identical account appeared, there
being only a few minor changes and additions; the full description was
on pp. 298-99 and the name and diagnosis on p. 299, where the error in
regard to the striations was repeated.

Guérin (1857b) criticized Desmarest for suppressing the extensive
description of the species in Bosc (1801-2) when preparing the second
edition of Bosc’s work (1830), and for substituting some erroneous
material “by an inconceivable inadvertence, or to avoid research,” and
assumed that these errors were probably derived from Leach (1820).
Actually, as mentioned above, the second edition of Bosc was taken
almost word for word from the first (including the portion which
Guérin-Méneville stated was omitted). It appears that Guérin-Méne-
ville looked at only the general account in the first edition of Bosc, and
only the diagnosis in the second edition, before making his ill-considered
remarks.

Petrolisthes amoenus (Guérin)

Porcellana amoena Guérin, 1855, pl. 2, fig. 2 (type locality, Cuba) ;
1857a, p. xvi; 1857b, p. xxxix, pl. 2, fig. 2.
?Petrolisthes serratus Henderson, 1888, p. 107, pl. 11, figs. 2, 2a (type
locality, off Bahia, Brazil). Rathbun, 1900, p. 145. Moreira,
1901, pp. 34, 94.
Petrolisthes 2amoenus Benedict, 1901, p. 135, pl. 3, fig. 3.
Petrolisthes amoenus Schmitt, 1924a, p. 74; 1924b, p. 89; 1935, p. 185;
1936, p. 374. Not Boone, 1932, p. 41, text-figs. 11-12.
Previous records.—
Cuba: (Guérin). Puerto Rico, Ponce: Fish Hawk (Benedict). Barba-
dos: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b). Curacao:
C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 19242). Bonaire: P. Hummelinck
(Schmitt, 1936). Brazil, Maceié, Alagoas: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun) ;
off Bahia, 7-20 fms: Challenger (Henderson).
Material examined.—
A41-39. Buccoo Reef, Tobago Island; Apr 20, 1939; shore. 1%, 19.

Measurements.—Male, 4.6 mm; female, 3.9 mm.

26 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Remarks.—Known from shore to 20 fathoms; taken in Porites and
gorgonian coral and in sponges.

Rathbun (1900) considered Petrolisthes serratus Henderson to be
probably identical with P. amoenus.

Boone (1932, p. 41, text-figs. 11-12) reported Petrolisthes amoenus
from the Galapagos Islands; however, her description and figure of an
adult do not agree with this species. The writer has seen a note by S. A.
Glassell, stating that Boone’s specimens belong to one of his undescribed
species.

Petrolisthes marginatus Stimpson

Petrolisthes marginatus Stimpson, 1858, p. 227 (nomen nudum) ; 1859,
p. 74 (type locality, Barbados). Young, 1900, p. 394. Benedict,
1901, p. 134, pl. 3, fig. 1! Schmitt, 1924a, p. 73; 1924b, p. 88);
1935, pp. 185, 187. Not Nobili, 1897, p. 4, fide Nobili, 1901,
DsaikZ:

Petrolisthes galathinus Boone, 1932, p. 45 (not text-fig. 13; perhaps

not text-fig. 14). Not P. galathinus (Bosc).

?Petrolisthes galathinus Hult, 1938, p. 10. Not P. galathinus (Bosc).
Previous records.—

Puerto Rico, Ponce: Fish Hawk (Benedict). Barbados: T. Gill (Stimp-

son, 1859); Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b).

Curacao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a).

Material examined.—

A46-39. Vista Alegre, Curacao; Apr 23, 1939; shore. 19ov.

A41-39. Buccoo Reef, Tobago Island; Apr 20, 1939; shore. 1.
Measurements.—Male, 14.5 mm; ovigerous female, 5.7 mm.
Remarks.—This species is littoral and has been taken under stones

and in coral heads.

In addition to the records given above, Petrolisthes marginatus has
been reported from the following Pacific localities: Isla Flamenco,
Panama, and Bahia de Santa Elena, Ecuador (Nobili, 1901), and
Clipperton Island (Schmitt, 1939). The writer has examined a number
of specimens collected by Velero IIT in Costa Rica, Colombia, Panama,
and the Galapagos Islands.

In the Crustacea laboratory of the Hancock Foundation is a copy
of Boone (1932) originally owned by S. A. Glassell, and with hand-
written annotations made by him. According to Glassell’s notes, the
Galapagos Islands material identified by Boone as Petrolisthes gala-
thinus is actually P. marginatus. Boone’s description (pp. 46-48) fits

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA Zi

both the Galapagan and Caribbean specimens of P. marginatus examined
by the present writer. The Petrolisthes galathinus reported by Hult
(1938) from the Galapagos Islands is probably P. marginatus also.

The following color notes were made from the Tobago Island
specimen by Mr. Anker Petersen, formerly staff artist of the Hancock
Foundation. Terminology is from Ridgway’s ‘Color Standards and
Color Nomenclature” (1912):

Carapace dull Van Dyke red. Antennae scarlet, passing into orange
towards tips. Eyes reddish brown. Chelae same as carapace but lighter.
Tooth ridge of fingers white. Tips of fingers yellow orange. Merus and
carpus of walking legs same as carapace but darker. Propodus reddish
brown at base but gradually passing into bright scarlet. Dactyl pale
scarlet. Entire ventral side dull carmine.

Petrolisthes vanderhorsti Schmitt

Petrolisthes vanderhorsti Schmitt, 1924a, p. 73 (type locality, Caracas
Bay, Curacao) ; 1936, p. 374.

Petrolisthes van der horsti Schmitt, 1924a, pl. 8, fig. 7.

Previous records.—

Curacao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a). Bonaire: P. Hummel-

inck (Schmitt, 1936).

Material examined.—

A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 1Qov.
Measurements.—The single specimen examined measured 5.6 mm.
Remarks.—Petrolisthes vanderhorsti is known from the littoral,

from coral rock and anemones of the genus Maeandra.

Schmitt (1924a) mentioned the finely broken up lateral walls of the
carapace in this species and in P. nodosus, a character which apparently
has not been found in any other member of the genus Petrolisthes.
Among 31 species of Petrolisthes from the east and west American
coasts examined by the writer, only four, including P. vanderhorsti and
P. nodosus, had five plates in the telson of the abdomen, The combina-
tion of five-plated telson, finely divided lateral walls, and tridentate
front might serve to set P. vanderhorsti and P. nodosus apart as a dis-
tinct genus or subgenus, should Petrolisthes be subdivided.

Petrolisthes nodosus Streets

Petrolisthes nodosus Streets, 1872, p. 133 (type locality, Saint Martin
Island). Benedict, 1901, p. 134. Schmitt, 1924a, p. 73, pl. 8,
fig. 8.

Petrolisthes (Pisisoma) nodosus Ortmann, 1897, pp. 295, 296.

28 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Previous records.—
St. Martin: Van Rijgersma (Streets). Curacao: C. J. van der Horst
(Schmitt).
Material examined.—
A20-39. Isla La Tortuga, Venezuela; Apr 13, 1939; shore. 1¢ (im-
mature), 1 young.
A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 12 (im-
mature; soft shell).
Measurements——Male, 2.6 mm; female, 2.5 mm; young, 2.1 mm.
Remarks.—Known from the littoral, among stones. This appears
to be an exceptionally small species.

POLYONYX Stimpson, 1858
Polyonyx gibbesi, new name

Porcellana macrocheles Gibbes, 1850, p. 191 (type locality, coast of
South Carolina) ; 1854, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 5.
Polyonyx macrocheles Stimpson, 1858, p. 229; 1871, p. 120. Kingsley,
1880, p. 408. Smith, 1880, p. 266. Ives, 1891, p. 192. Benedict,
1901, p. 138. Rathbun, 1905, p. 14. Enders, 1905, p. 37. Pearse,
1913, p. 102, pl. 1, text-figs. 1, 2a, 3-5. Sumner et al., 1913, p.
669. Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 405, pl. 29, fig. 8. Schmitt, 1935,
p. 189. Pearse et al., 1942, p. 185.
?Porcellana creplinii Miller, 1862, p. 194, footnote (nomen nudum) ;
1863, p. 47, footnote.
?Porcellana (Polyonyx) creplinii Miiller, 1870, p. 54.
Porcellana (Polyonyx) macrocheles Faxon, 1879, p. 256, pls. 2-3.
Previous records.—
Massachusetts, Woods Hole: (Pearse). Rhode Island, Narragansett
Bay: W. Faxon (Faxon); Newport: A. Agassiz (Faxon). Incertae
sedis, Devils Foot Island: D. H. Tennent (Sumner e¢ al.). North
Carolina, Beaufort and Shark Shoal: H. E. Webster (Kingsley) ;
Beaufort: (Enders; Hay and Shore); Fort Macon: (Pearse e¢ al.).
South Carolina: T. L. Burden (Gibbes, 1850) ; Charleston: (Faxon).
Florida, off Manatee River, 9-12 ft: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
Exped. (Ives); Sarasota Bay: H. E. Webster (Kingsley). Puerto
Rico: (Schmitt).
Material examined.—
A2-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 3, 1939; 1-7 fms. 1¢.
Measurements.—The single male specimen in the collection was 5.2
mm in length.

NO. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 29

Remarks.—The name macrocheles, long in use for this species, is
unfortunately not available, Porcellana macrocheles Gibbes, 1850, being
a primary homonym of Porcellana macrocheles Poeppig, 1836 (=
Petrolisthes violaceus (Guérin), Chile and Peru). Gibbes himself
pointed out (1854, p. 6) that Porcellana macrocheles had already been
employed, but he believed that his own use of the name was valid since
P. macrocheles Poeppig was a synonym of another species. However,
this position is not tenable according to current nomenclatorial practice
(1950, Bull. Zool. Nomen., vol. 4, p. 119). Mr. W. I. Follett of the
California Academy of Sciences kindly verified this fact for the writer.
A new name, Polyonyx gibbesi, is here proposed as a substitute.

Miiller (1862, p. 194, footnote; 1863, p. 47, footnote), in a dis-
cussion of various Brazilian crabs, made the following statement:
“Another Porcellana (P. Creplinii, n. sp.) is still more singular in its
mode of life; it resides in pairs in the tube of Chaetopterus pergament-
aceus.” [Quoted from the 1863 translation. ] This description is enough
to identify it as a Polyonyx; in a later paper (1870, p. 54) Miller
called it Porcellana (Polyonyx) creplinii and gave further notes on its
habits, stating that according to a communication from A. Milne Ed-
wards it is close to Polyonyx biunguiculata (Dana). The crab cannot
be identified to species from the information available. It is not listed in
the catalogues of Brazilian crabs prepared by Smith (1869) and Moreira
(1901). Dr. Alceu Lemos de Castro of the Museu Nacional, Rio de
Janeiro, informed the writer (in /itt.) that he believes it to be identical
with Polyonyx macrocheles (Gibbes), and that he has seen a museum
specimen which was collected at Ilha de Sao Sebastiado, Brazil.

The observation on the coast of Brazil of “two couples of crabs in
the tube of a very long annelid’”’ was noted by van Beneden (1876, p.
20). This may have been Polyonyx gibbesi, although it is as likely to
have been the brachyuran Pinnixa, species of which also occur in Chae-
topterus tubes.

Crabs of this species are occasionally found living free along shore
and in shallow water, under stones or on sand; the Velero III specimen
was taken in 1-7 fathoms on a mud and fine sand bottom. Usually, how-
ever, they occur in tubes of annelids of the genus Chaetopterus. This
commensal relationship has been reported for several other Polyonyx
species in various parts of the world. The habits and behavior of 2,
gibbesi were discussed by Enders (1905) and Pearse (1913).

Although it is primarily a warm-water form, the species appears to
be established as far north as Woods Hole, Massachusetts. According
to Faxon (1879), who collected and described zoeae from Narragansett

30 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Bay, Rhode Island, larvae of several types of crabs are carried by the
Gulf Stream to New England from more southern latitudes, although
few species can survive the winters farther north.

MINYOCERUS Stimpson, 1858

Minyocerus angustus (Dana)

Porcellana angusta Dana, 1852, p. 423; 1855, pl. 26, figs. 12a-c (type
locality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).

Minyocerus angustus Stimpson, 1858, p. 229. Smith, 1869, p. 38. Rath-
bun, 1900, p. 149. Moreira, 1901, p. 32.

Porcellina stellicola Miller, 1862, p. 194, pl. 7, figs. 1-5 (type locality,
Desterro [Florianopolis], Brazil) ; 1863, p. 47, pl. 1, figs. 1-5.

Minyocerus augustus Moreira, 1901, p. 91.

?Porcellana rosamondae Boone, 1930, p. 79, pl. 21 (type locality, Bahia
Limon, Panama).

Previous records.—

? Panama, Bahia Limon: Ara (Boone). Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: U. S.
Expl. Exped. (Dana); Rio Parahyba: A. W. Greeley (Rathbun) ;
State of Santa Catharina: (Moreira); Desterro [Florianopolis] :
(Miller).

Material examined.—

A29-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; 2 fms. 20, 82 (7
ov). Commensal on sea stars, Luidia clathrata (Say).

Measurements.—Males, 4.1 and 4.9 mm; non-ovigerous female,
4.9 mm; ovigerous females, 4.0 to 5.1 mm.

Remarks.—These specimens agree in every way with Dana’s descrip-
tion and also with Rathbun’s specimen from Rio Parahyba, Brazil, with
which they were compared. Only a faint trace remains of the color
pattern described by Rathbun and shown in Miiller’s illustration of an
adult.

Miiller (1862, 1863) stated that these crabs live parasitically on
some species of sea stars. This relationship, which should be termed
commensal rather than parasitic, is noted for the second time with the
recovery of the Velero III material from Luidia clathrata (Say). A
similar situation was reported by Glassell (1938), who described
Minyocerus kirki from Baja California, Mexico, commensal on Luidia
columbia (Gray).

Porcellana rosamondae Boone is tentatively placed here, since its
description and figure agree in most respects with Minyocerus angustus.
The only important differences are that in P. rosamondae the posterior

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA Si

portion of the carapace is wider than the anterior portion, and the
median tooth of the front is much shorter than the two preorbital ones.
The specimen of M. angustus reported by Rathbun (1900) lacked this
median tooth entirely, and in her opinion it had been broken off and not
renewed.

Aside from P. rosamondae, which is probably this species, Minyo-
cerus angustus has previously been reported only from Brazil.

PORCELLANA Lamarck, 1801
Key TO THE WESTERN NortH ATLANTIC SPECIES

1. Median lobe of front rounded, not surpassing internal orbital
angles; chelae without hairs; ea and breadth of cara-
pace about equal . . . . . . stimpsoni

Median lobe of front pointed, surpassing internal orbital
angles; chelae with a fringe of hairs on outer margin;
carapace longer than broad . . 2

2. Inner angle of carpus of cheliped with a broad Tee eabeaacte

ial angle a low, rounded lobe, sometimes spine-tipped

sayana
ine ele of carpus tk a ce spine- eee lobe; epibranch-
ial angle with a sharp spine . . . . sigsbeiana

Porcellana sayana (Leach)

Porcellana galathina Say, 1818, p. 458. Not Petrolisthes galathinus
(Bosc).

Pisidia sayana Leach, 1820, p. 54 (type localities, Georgia and Florida).
Desmarest, 1825, p. 199.

Porcellana sayii Gray, 1831, p. 15.

Porcellana sayana White, 1847, p. 64. Kingsley, 1880, p. 407. Smith,
1887, p. 638. Henderson, 1888, p. 109. Rankin, 1898, p. 237.
Benedict, 1901, p. 137, pl. 3, fig. 10. Andrews, 1911, p. 402,
text-figs. 1-2. Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 403, pl. 29, fig. 7. A.
Milne Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 291, pl. 1, fig. 3. Schmitt,
1924b, p. 90; 1935, p. 189, text-fig. 49. Hedgpeth, 1950, p. 79.
Hildebrand, 1954, p. 271.

Porcellana ocellata Gibbes, 1850, p. 190 (type locality, coast of South
Carolina) ; 1854, p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 2. Stimpson, 1858, p. 229;
1859, p. 77; 1860, p. 444. Kingsley, 1878, p. 325. Benedict,
18925 pie H7.

32 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Porcellana sagrai Guérin, 1855, pl. 2, fig. 5 (type locality, Cuba) ;
1857a, p. xvi; 1857b, ps xxxtx, pl./2, fig: 5.

Percellana sagrai Martens, 1872, p. 122.

?Porcellana robertsoni Henderson, 1888, p. 111, pl. 11, figs. 6, 6a (type
locality, Challenger Sta. 24, off Culebra Island). Young, 1900,
p. 396.

Previous records.—

North Carolina, off Cape Hatteras, 11-27 fms: Albatross (Smith) ;
Beaufort: W. Stimpson and T. Gill (Stimpson, 1860); Beaufort
Harbor and vicinity, and Fort Macon: (Hay and Shore). South
Carolina: (Gibbes, 1850). Georgia and Florida: (Say; Leach). Florida,
Sarasota Bay: H. E. Webster (Kingsley, 1880) ; W Florida, 19 fms:
Bache (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier) ; Florida Keys: Wurdemann
(Stimpson, 1859). Bahamas, New Providence Island: Northrop (Rank-
in). Western Gulf of Mexico, Port Aransas, Texas: (Hedgpeth) ;
Louisiana, Texas, and northern Mexico: H. H. Hildebrand (Hilde-
brand). Mexico, Gulf of Campeche off Alvaro Obregon: (Hilde-
brand). Cuba: (Guérin); J. Gundlach (Martens). Jamaica: (Bene-
dict, 1892; Andrews). Puerto Rico, Bahia Boquerén, 1434 fms: Fish
Hawk (Benedict, 1901); between Cayo Caribe and Cayo Parguera:
Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Ids. (Schmitt, 1935). ? Culebra
Island, 390 fms: Challenger (Henderson). St. Thomas: A. H. Riise
(Stimpson, 1859); Challenger (Henderson). Antigua and Barbados:
Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b).

Material examined.—

A4-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 3, 1939; 8-14 fms. 19.

A14-39. 2 mi SW of Cabo de la Vela, Colombia; Apr 8, 1939; 21-22
fms. 29ov.

A24-39, Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; 2-5 fms. 19.

A27-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; 2-5 fms. 1¢.

A28-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; 2 fms. 1 cheliped.

A32-39. 3 mi N of Isla Coche, Venezuela; Apr 15, 1939; 19-33 fms.
4%, 2Qov.

Measurements——Males, 3.1 to 4.7 mm; non-ovigerous females, 4.0
and 5.4 mm; ovigerous females, 5.1 to 6.3 mm.

Remarks.—Porcellana sayana is known from shallow water to 48
fathoms, and to 390 fathoms if P. robertsoni Henderson is this species
(Schmitt, 1935). Velero IIT specimens were recovered from bottoms of
mud and shell, sand, and sand and shell. They often live commensally
with hermit crabs, particularly Petrochirus bahamensis (Herbst).
Hildebrand (1954) found specimens attached to the decorator crab
Stenocionops furcata (Olivier).

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 33

Notes on the color of living specimens were given by Hay and Shore
(1918) and by Andrews (1911); the latter author found differences
in color pattern in the two sexes.

Porcellana sigsbeiana A. Milne Edwards

Porcellana sigsbeiana A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 35 (type localities,
Blake Stas. 49, off delta of the Mississippi, 118 fms; 36, N of
Yucatan, 84 fms; 142, Flannegan Passage [Virgin Islands], 27
fms). Smith, 1883, p. 25. Benedict, 1901, p. 137. A. Milne
Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 292, pl. 1, fig. 6. Schmitt, 1935,
pp. 189, 190. Chace, 1942, p. 102.

Previous records.—

Massachusetts, off Marthas Vineyard, 134 fms: Albatross (Smith).

North Carolina: (Schmitt). Gulf of Mexico, off delta of the Miss-

issippi, 118 fms, and N of Yucatan, 84 fms: Blake (A. Milne Ed-

wards). Cuba, 195-215 fms: Atlantis (Chace). Flannegan Passage

[ Virgin Islands], 27 fms: Blake (A. Milne Edwards).

Material examined—None from the Hancock collections.
Remarks.—Known from 27 to 215 fathoms.

Porcellana stimpsoni A. Milne Edwards

Porcellana stimpsoni A. Milne Edwards, 1880, p. 35 (type locality,
Woman Key, Florida). Benedict, 1901, p. 137. A. Milne Ed-
wards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 292, pl. 1, figs. 4-5.

Previous records.—
Florida, Woman Key: W. Stimpson (A. Milne Edwards).

Material examined.—None.

MEGALOBRACHIUM Stimpson, 1858
Megalobrachium poeyi (Guérin)

Porcellana poeyi Guérin, 1855, pl. 2, fig. 4 (type locality, Cuba) ;
1857a, p. xvi; 1857b, p. xxxix, pl. 2, fig. 4.

Megalobrachium granuliferum Stimpson, 1858, p. 228 (nomen nu-
dum); 1859, p. 76 (type locality, Barbados and St. Thomas).
Benedict, 1892, p. 77. Rathbun, 1899, p. 628. Doflein, 1899,
p: 182,

Megalobranchium granuliferum Young, 1900, p. 397.

Megalobrachium poeyi Benedict, 1901, p. 136, pl. 3, fig. 8. A. Milne
Edwards and Bouvier, 1923, p. 297. Schmitt, 1924a, p. 76;
1924b, p. 90; 1935, p. 183, text-fig. 45; 1936, p. 375.

34 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Previous records.—

Cuba: (Guérin). Jamaica: (Benedict, 1892); J. E. Duerden (Rath-
bun). Puerto Rico, Salinas Cove and Guanica Harbor: Sci. Surv. Porto
Rico and Virgin Ids. (Schmitt, 1935). St. Thomas: A. H. Riise (Stimp-
son, 1859) ; (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier). Martinique: F. Doflein
(Doflein). Barbados: T. Gill (Stimpson, 1859). Pelican Island [off
Barbados]: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt, 1924b).
Colombia, Savanilla: (Benedict, 1901). Aruba: P. Hummelinck
(Schmitt, 1936). Curacao: C. J. van der Horst (Schmitt, 1924a).

Material examined.—

A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 30, 39
(1 ov).
A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 10, 29.

Measurements.—Males, 2.9 to 6.3 mm; non-ovigerous females, 2.8
to 3.9 mm; ovigerous female, 4.6 mm.

Remarks.—This species occurs in the littoral and to a depth of 25
fathoms (Schmitt, 1935). It has been found among rocks and associated
with corals.

Boone (1931) reported M. poeyi from the Pacific coast for the
first time on the basis of a specimen collected at Isla Taboguilla, Pana-
ma. Two specimens taken by Velero III at Bahia de Salinas, Costa
Rica, and identified by S. A. Glassell, are identical with the Atlantic
examples.

PORCELLANOPSIS Rathbun, 1910
Key TO THE WESTERN NortTH ATLANTIC SPECIES

Lateral margins of carapace without spines; chelipeds, walking
legs, and carapace naked or nearly so; telson of abdomen with 7
Plates Anes year Gurren cee e7 corte ce rn aie Nt eae) OREOO ET

Lateral margins of carapace armed with spines; chelipeds, walking
legs, and lateral margins of carapace hairy; telson of abdomen
With Deplates ve sets ui) yee Sl Pen eit econ) Clan er One

Porcellanopsis rosea (Rathbun), n. comb.

Porcellana rosea Rathbun, 1900, p. 148, pl. 8, fig. 3 (type locality,
Mamanguape, Brazil).
Previous records.—
Brazil, Mamanguape and Pernambuco at Ilha de Nogueira: A. W.
Greeley (Rathbun).

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 35

Material examined.—

Santa Marta, Colombia; Jan 22, 1949; coll. I. Vigeland (Lund Uni-
versity Chile Expedition). 19ov.

A25-39. Isla Cubagua, Venezuela; Apr 14, 1939; shore. 16%, 19.

Measurements.—Male, 3.0 mm; non-ovigerous female, 3.3 mm;
ovigerous female, 4.8 mm. Rathbun’s type specimen was an ovigerous
female 5.7 mm in length.

Remarks.—The Brazilian specimens were collected on stone reefs,
and the Velero III material from coral rock.

Porcellanopsis rosea has not been previously reported from the north
Atlantic. Comparison of the Caribbean material with one of Rathbun’s
Brazilian specimens showed them to be identical.

Porcellanopsis soriata (Say)

Porcellana soriata Say, 1818, p. 456 (type locality, St. Catherine’s Is-
land, Georgia). White, 1847, p. 64. Benedict, 1901, p. i373
Hay and Shore, 1918, p. 404, pl. 29, fig. 6. A. Milne Edwards
and Bouvier, 1923, p. 294, pl. 4, fig. 1. Schmitt, 1924b, p. 90.
Pearse, 1951, p. 143.

Pisidia socia Leach, 1820, p. 55.

Pisidia sociata Desmarest, 1825, p. 199.

Porcellana sociata Gray, 1831, p. 15. Milne Edwards, 1837, p. 258,
footnote. Gibbes, 1850, p. 190; 1854, p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 6. Stimp-
son, 1858, p. 229; 1860, p. 444. Kingsley, 1878, p. 325; 1880,
p. 407. Smith, 1887, p. 638.

Porcellanopsis soriata Chace, 1942, p. 100.

Previous records.—

North Carolina, off Cape Hatteras, 16 fms: Albatross (Smith) ; Beau-

fort: W. Stimpson and T. Gill (Stimpson, 1860) ; Fort Macon: O. W.

Hyman (Hay and Shore) ; Bogue Bank near Fort Macon: (Hay and

Shore) ; off New River Inlet: L. G. Williams (Pearse). South Caro-

lina: (Gibbes, 1850). Georgia, St. Catharine’s Island: (Say). Florida,

Charlotte Harbor, 13 fms: Bache (A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier) ;

24°44’N x 83°26’W [Gulf of Mexico], 37 fms: Blake (A. Milne

Edwards and Bouvier) ; Florida Bay and Harbor Key: H. E. Webster

(Kingsley, 1880); Sombrero [Key]: Bache (A. Milne Edwards and

Bouvier). Mexico, Contoy, 12-18 fms: (A. Milne Edwards and Bou-

vier). Barbados: Univ. Iowa Barbados-Antigua Exped. (Schmitt,

1924b).

36 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

Material examined.—

A50-39. Bahia Caledonia, Panama; Apr 26, 1939; shore. 19.

Measurements.—The single female specimen in the collection meas-
ured 4.0 mm in length.

Remarks.—Porcellanopsis soriata has been taken from shore to 37
fathoms, free-living and associated with corals and sponges. According
to Hay and Shore (1918), it is common in sponges dredged on the
fishing banks near Fort Macon, North Carolina, as many as 30 speci-
mens having been taken from a single sponge.

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 37

LITERATURE CITED

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38 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

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No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 39

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40 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

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No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 41

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OrTMANN, A.

1892. Die Decapoden-Krebse des Strassburger Museums, IV, Theil. Die
Abtheilungen Galatheidea und Paguridea. Zool. Jahrb., System., vol.
6, pp. 241-326, pls. 11-12.

1893. Decapoden und Schizopoden, Ergebnisse der in dem Atlantischen
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1897. Carcinologische Studien. Zool, Jahrb., System., vol. 10, pp. 258-372,
plz:

Pearse, A, S.
1913. On the habits of the crustaceans found in Chaetopterus tubes at
Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Biol. Bul., vol. 24, pp. 102-114, pl. 1,
text-figs. 1-6.
1951. Animals of the Black Rocks. Ix A. S. Pearse and L, G, Williams,
The biota of the reefs off the Carolinas, Jour. Elisha Mitchell Sci.
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Pearse, A. S., H. J. HumM, anp G. W. WHARTON
1942. Ecology of sand beaches at Beaufort, N. C, Ecol. Monog., vol. 12,
pp. 135-190, text-figs. 1-24.

RANKIN, W. M.
1898. The Northrop collection of Crustacea from the Bahamas, Ann. New
York Acad. Sci., vol. 11, pp. 225-254, pls. 29-30.
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Ann. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 12, pp. 521-545, pl. 17.

RaTHBUN, Mary J.

1899. Jamaica Crustacea. Jour. Inst. Jamaica, vol. 2, no, 6, pp. 628-629.

1900. Results of the Branner-Agassiz Expedition to Brazil. I. The decapod
and stomatopod Crustacea. Proc, Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 2, pp.
133-156, pl. &

1905. Fauna of New England. List of the Crustacea, Occas, Papers Boston
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Natl. Mus., vol. 38, pp. 531-620, pls. 36-56.

1920. Stalk-eyed crustaceans of the Dutch West Indies. Rapport betreffende
een voorloopig onderzoek naar den toestand van de Visscherij en de
Industrie van Zeeproducten in de Kolonie Curacao, uitgebracht door
Prof. Dr. J. Boeke. Part 2, pp. 317-349. Gravenhage.

SAY, 01.
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Scumitt, W. L.
1924a. Bijdragen tot de kennis der fauna van Curacao. Resultaten eener reis
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stomatopod Crustacea. Bijdr. Dierk., vol. 23, pp. 61-81, pl. 8, text-figs.

1-7,

42 ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION REPORT

1924b. Report on the Macrura, Anomura and Stomatopoda collected by the
Barbados-Antigua Expedition from the University of Iowa in 1918.
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15, part 2, pp. 125-227, text-figs. 1-80. New York.

1936. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Bonaire, Curacao und Aruba
im Jahre 1930. No. 16. Macruran and anomuran Crustacea from
Bonaire, Curagao and Aruba. Zool, Jahrb., System., vol. 67, pp. 363-
378, pls. 11-13.

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1938 (with introduction and station data). Smithson. Misc. Collect.,
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SmirH, S, I.

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1880. Occasional occurrence of tropical and subtropical species of decapod
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1858. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expedi-
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Streets, T. H.
1872. Notice of some Crustacea from the island of St. Martin, W. L,
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Sumner, F. B., R. C. Ospurn, AND L. J. COLE
1913. A biological survey of the waters of Woods Hole and vicinity. Section
Ill. A catalogue of the marine fauna of Woods Hole and vicinity.
Bul. U. S. Bur. Fisheries, vol. 31 (for 1911), part 2, pp. 549-794,

No. 8 HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA 43

VeRRILL, A, E.
1908a. Geographical distribution; origin of the Bermudian decapod fauna.
Amer. Nat., vol, 42, pp. 289-296, text-figs. 1-7.
1908b. Decapod Crustacea of Bermuda; I,—Brachyura and Anomura. Their
distribution, variations, and habits, Trans. Connecticut Acad. Arts
and Sci., vol. 13, pp. 299-474, pls. 9-28, text-figs. 1-68.

Wass, M. L.
1955. The decapod crustaceans of Alligator Harbor and adjacent inshore
areas of northwestern Florida. Quart. Jour. Florida Acad. Sci., vol.
18, pp. 129-176, text-figs. 1-13.
(This paper was received too late for inclusion in the present study.)

White, A.
1847. List of the specimens of Crustacea in the collection of the British
Museum. (viii) 140 pp. London.

Youne; C.G.
1900. The stalk-eyed Crustacea of British Guiana, West Indies, and
Bermuda. (xix) 514 pp., pls. 1-7. London,

44

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.

ALLAN HANCOCK ATLANTIC EXPEDITION

PLATE 1

Pachycheles chacei, new species
Dorsal view of female holotype, x 7%
Ventral view of major chela, x 7%
Ventral view of minor chela, x 14
Propodus and dactyl of walking leg, x 22%
Telson of abdomen, x 7%
Lateral wall of carapace, x 74

REPORT

No. 8

HAIG: THE ATLANTIC GALATHEIDEA

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