oe ait He 5 wei etd 418 na Set abst aus 7 Saar y Use aasess ideality Tailed a 4 a noah Spsstoseees tS see ees es hit | | é Tail Mite ; ce aber: jeans pV ‘fi fit i ay! LY A iby be '" he a5s stk. iV st at) AE Tel) mtn ' ea ECAC OC Kir OUN DA TIGN Pub i. C Ad FOUNS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA First SERIES ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS —— VotuMmE 1, Parts I, II, III 1943 THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS LOS ANGELES 7, CALIFORNIA hi 1943 AULAN HANCOCK FOUNDATIOM PUBLICATIONS ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VotumeE 1, Parts I, II, Il 1943 THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS LOS ANGELES 7, CALIFORNIA 1943 aANIAN IND Kanon’ NST, a> f 1. CONTENTS General Account of the Scientific Work of the Velero III in the Eastern Pacific, 1931-41, Part I, Historical Introduction, Yelero III, Personnel, Dya@xMcleanuEraserts «(Blates s=116))\.<<2ceces eee oe oe ee General Account of the Scientific Work of the Velero III in the Eastern Pacific, 1931-41, Part II, Geographical and Biological Associations, by CrMicleanviraser: sn (Plates 1/2128) ee eer ee ee eee ea General Account of the Scientific Work of the Velero III in the Eastern Pacific, 1931-41, Part III, A Ten-Year List of the Velero III Collecting Stations, by C. McLean Fraser. (Charts 1-115) ......0..-...--.0c-0-cc0----0se-osoes Appendix: Collecting Stations of the Allan Hancock Foundation for THEM ViCAT AIO A Den Bes. reek se cc Wel 2. Semi ae, La Oe he a eae PAGES 259-424 425-432 433-445 Corrections Table of Contents, Part II, Clipperton Island, not Clippfrton 1 72. . For Fig. 53 read Fig. 54 . For Fig. 54 read Fig. 55 . For Fig. 55 read Fig. 53 . Topolobampo Harbor not Topalobampo Harbor For Port Luis Obispo read Port San Luis Obispo . Cabo Blanco not Cabo Blanca ee QE ee eae theo ff ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoLuME 1 NuMBER 1 GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE SCIENTIFIC WORK OF THE VELERO III IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC, 1931-41 PART I Historical Introduction, Velero III, Personnel as” 9 BY i "McLEAN FRASER PROFESSOR OF roone EMERITUS UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA MEMBER OF ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS OF 1934 AND 1941 THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS Cra ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 1943 Ti : Olo Tf hy 33 20 1946 22 cosew “Arona A PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT CONCERNING RERORTS ON SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions Meier ee ee MOTOR CRUISER VELERO III Under the direction of Captain Allan Hancock, master owner, VELERO ut has been making expeditions to tropical American waters since 1931. By systematically covering the coast line of Mexico, Central America, northern South America, and the Gala- pagos Islands with a series of stations now numbering 775, the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions are summarizing effectively the work of the last hundred years of marine exploration in this area. VELERO 111 is an all-steel Diesel cruiser, 195 feet in length, with a cruising radius of 12,000 miles, capable of operating independent of supplies for a three months’ period. Laboratory facilities, pho- tographic darkroom, 4 auxiliary craft, dredging and sounding equipment, modern navigation aids, live tanks, commodius quar- ters for 14 scientists in addition to a crew of 18 make vELERO UI ideally equipped for undertaking marine biological exploration. ge ae . oe : £ 7 : ; F as id ’ - aa a a 7 + a _ — : iy~i : > 7 - lia 7 a - ; ® : 7 rat ios we 1 S = Bl is vo 7 ri : a j 7 7 " o : ‘eS -) ; - 8 tf 7 , a : : rn & mA . ; ; 7. / > 1% : : ; * s - ‘ . hi : - e - a) ; i Pe : nee ys 7 7 : : : - AL ‘ 7 . ma) 7 ’ 4 - x f %,, : - : : ; ¢ - 7 ' . 7 7 : } + = , : _ - ; . . " i i = 7 U a a 7 .— | ‘= : : yo 7 7 " - ; es in 7 . > aa : 7 : 7 7 ! ci 7 - - 7 7 Le 7 7 - -a* a! : ‘ ia . » 7 7 om 7 > 7 : : : : ay : 7 >), A ? ] F) oa — io ea , : 7 * ‘ ’ H , ‘ - i? , 7 _ aw a I Fish boa € Cape San F Per Breeding ony anayes (Phalacrocorax migainvillei) at Santa Rosa Island The photographs on this were taken by W Chas, Swett, who has ae- companied each Hancock ruse and whose photo- graphs «will be used to illustrate the Allan Han cock Pacific Expeditions series 1 | 1 Pacific Ocean has re 1 the pe I ittentior of the eatest naturali of all t b ith Hu it, whouin 179941804 crc I Ande fer a nding the Am I | posterity t comprehen unt the ocean phic an rologic fe ( tit oast of I 1 1 Peru. In 1835 Da ulin c {| Cape H Ir ic B Ided I} 1 | pertinent observations uy ori f life the ¢ I Island I fatl f y in America, Louis Aga the re oard Ha r i . llow f . adie fa triou iI tir ie U.S. ] ries Steam Albat 1891. De r ed to tk | } YT apt 8 a ind aby I 1 r f li il zone 1 for t nt tigatior The cru por d by St 1 Ur 18° i nged of representatives of the Califors Academy of Scier n 1905-¢ hole ; ( tain of the Mexican 1s alsc 1 1 ntern t b Il ion I my \ ned Until the t f th Har I nt egation n tebrat al I I ide it peara he 1 f North A I n that € n tl 1 wil more lete 1 } 5 ; ; eal t Th I r S ( t tior \W I I } n the \ R 1 Ne } | ( I [ef De I D » ( t ) Dr. I 14 J lit I I 1 fooetessni I I 5 ( n I \ Har | I 1 i 1 } ( tp } H VU ( Vv 1 i 4 LLAN HANCOCK | IFIC EXPEDITIONS Vor E | ( I ( f $. Apa H hee I ( \fan Nan ( (Mach By Tet S.¢ In pre Votume II Zoo.ocy 1 AINEW BRITTLE STAR FROM THE GALAPAGOS ISLAND. E I NE 4 (With one plate.) Paper, 2 1935 2. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW BLENNIOID FISH OF THE GENUS 4 FROM HE PACIFIC COAST OF PANAMA, Groxce S. Meyer 1 Eant D. Rei. 4 4 P. ( 193¢ AJNEW GENUS OF DISTOMES Tre WITH LYMPHATIC VESSELS, H. W Miner. 12 pp. (With one plate Paper, 7 1937 { PIRASITIC COPEPODS TAKEN DURING THE THIRD HANCOCK EXPEDITIO! io) ri GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, Ciarres Braancu Wit 8 py W ne f Pay (f. 1937 SdME MONOGENETIC TREMATODES FROM THI GALAPAGOS ISLANDS AND THI IGHBORING PACIFIC, Frank G. Meserve. 64 pp. (With 7 plat Deser idv genus and 22 specic which 20 are new 2.00 ¢ PUREE NEW TREMATODES FROM THe GALAPAGOS MARINE IGUANA I ut | Ghoerr, 16 pp. (With j De r new genera and two new speci / Votume III Borany ] MDSSES OF THE G. ALLAN HANCOCK EXPEDITION OF 1934 COLLECTED BY WM RPETAYLOR, Wintias Canrsect STEERE 12 pp. (With one plate.) Paper, 25c 1936, » MVXOPHYCEAR OF THE G. ALLAN HANCOCK EXPEDITION OF 1934 COLL rED BY WM. R. TAYLOR, Francis Drover, 14 pp. (With two pla ) Paper, 75 193¢ LICHENS OF THE G. ALLAN HANCOCK EXPEDITION OF 1934 COLLECTED BY WM R| TAYLOR, Carrout 4, PLANKTON ALLAN Paoer Witttam Donor. 14 pp. Paper, 75¢ DIATOMS OF THE GULF OI HANCOCK EXPEDITION OF 1936, W, E 7c, 1937 Votume IV—Zoo.ocy 1. HYDROIDS OF THE 1934 HANCOCK EXPEDITION, ¢ 100 pp. (With 15 plates.) (De 173 scribe pecic For copies of these publications, information concerning exché CALIFORNIA ALLED 1936 16 pr MacLean Fraser of which 73 are new.) inges, and OBTAINED BY THE ¢ (With one plate.) \pproximately $2.50 information concerning research work on the collections, address Irene McCulloch, The University of Southern Cali- fornia, 3551 University Avenue, Los Angeles, California. SULLA POUL? “WIUIOJ TR Wo sapidas ‘Ayaro YANog JO AVUSAOALUY) aY_T “IsHojooOz FNNAHNASAIZ “> Ga] “OF [PHO|OOZ OFaiq] uvg “IsMo[Olediay ‘sNIMMIg “gq “D sppuueue ayonbo ‘Aya19 Sa}ispavd APOjVa4] PUY IpojpuLau ‘eysvAq OS [PoISojoo7Z OFaIq] UNS “Juapisoal *HaMoOrIOAAY “PY “HY ON JO Allsioaru,) ‘AsiBojouseivd ‘waLNvEY “Ay aTOuvEy apayp FULD “URS FYSNOUL WWIIAL PUY jissof ‘saduaing jo Awaproy yy JO Ayss9aAtuy) “Astueiog ‘WOTAV], Ha IOUNVY “WAY BIUIOJ ES “Asooiuoajed puv isisojoas ‘Nrawiapy “9 oa] saysy DIIDISNAD *SJIASUL *PIUAOJI]R> Suniienby qequiaig uopusjuuiodns ‘aivag NIATY WIMYANOG JO AISIMATUL) PY], “I!S0j00z “HAAvE) *g NHOf[ P2IDISNI2 “UINISNJY [BUONBN seqwig powuy DAaIajIOd “VIQuUIN]OD SOLIQOMOAUL QULIBUE JO JOIVIND “ALIINHOS “'T OATYV AL yshig jo Aitsiastu oydessoueras0 “wasvay NvaTOPY “OD | sesso scwrcoes | SMO[[O} SB aIL paiuasaidat suonninsur ay) pur ‘uonesiseaut jo spyay jeioads sayy suontpedxa 942 JO aioW 410 BUG Ut payedionied dary OYM Ua ay) Jo awWog ~BIep pur suow idads SUINda|[OD puke BurAsasqo jo asodind ay 10} sasinso a 41 parurdurosar ALY suonninsut [] Sundesoidos sysnuaio 9] JO [RIOl Vy SomAnoe Joleur ayi ‘smoyiey 00Z Surpasoxa ou syidap o1 “Sulspaip Mojjeys puke Auroaljoo sioys ya ‘oBeyod Youy sodedyyesy aya ul wey2 yo QO] “play aya ut Apeosye iuads uaaq aavy sdep Cot FAQ) “ODIXOPY “BMUIOF ED JO Fyne) oY) O2 OAV ASP] O42 “Nt pur 1Openoy iuadelpr } SHSIA YIM “O06 ydiyoay sodedeyer) oy) ovaTaa Aq apeud Uoaq aavy ‘saded asayi uo pareasny *saszz29 LofpUL vi(2 90} HOY SB SuULARY INO} Ys1y ayy “WI A A NE ee \ PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT CONCERNING REPORTS ON SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions MOTOR CRUISER VELERO HI Under the direction of Captain Allan Hancock, master owner, veLero 11 has been making expeditions to tropical American waters since 1931. By systematically covering the coast line of Mexico, Central America, northern South America, and the Gala- pagos Islands with a series of stations now numbering 775, the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions are summarizing effectively the work of the last hundred years of marine exploration in this area, Vevero ut is an all-steel Diesel cruiser, 195 feet in length, with a cruising radius of 12,000 miles, capable of operating independent of supplies for a three months’ period. Laboratory facilities, pho- tographic darkroom, 4 auxiliary craft, dredging and sounding | equipment, modern navigation aids, live tanks, commodius quar- ters for 14 scientists in addition to a crew of 18 make veLero ut } ideally equipped for undertaking marine biological exploration. FRONTISPIECE Dr. Allan Hancock, Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Director of the Hancock Foundation for Scientific Research of The University of Southern California. (Photograph by Lansdowne, Los Angeles.) Dr. Allan Hancock GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE SCIENTIFIC WORK OF THE VELERO III IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC, 1931-41 ParT [ Historical Introduction, Velero III, Personnel By C. McLEAN FRASER THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS ALLAN Hancock PAcIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoLuME 1, NUMBER 1 IsSUED JULY, 1943 THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA CONTENTS FRONTISPIECE—Dr. Allan Hancock FEISPORICAL INTRODUCTION. 9:00 <6) | eanin 2 MS dean YB 1 BriEF ACCOUNT OF PREVIOUS EXPEDITIONS . . . . 1 PREPARATION FOR THE ALLAN HANcocK Paciric EXPEDITIONS . . . . 9 Tue VELERO III : : : , . aie Wea tena Pane ee PERSONNEL Onin) eae eee te eet 0 Per as Re RPO Tore eh en eS SHORE INTIS A Ve reds pie hte ns lin Gelhy nee uma pond et a ae ACKNOWLEDGMENTS : : : LAS a he gy Sry aPC AY 47 PRPLEANATION OF PLAPES [:5. 4. a0 ie. 2s. 40) 4G) |) LOUNGE 26235 GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE SCIENTIFIC WORK OF THE VELERO Ill IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC HIstTorIcAL INTRODUCTION Brief Account of Previous Expeditions Previous to the year 1931 the possibilities afforded by the Eastern Tropical Pacific for successful marine biological investigation were little appreciated, or, if they were appreciated, opportunities to explore these possibilities were few and far between. For centuries the waters of this region have been navigated, but for long little notice was taken of anything of biological interest concerning the organisms inhabiting this vast marine expanse, across which were carried the riches of the Orient, often much detoured en route. The buccaneers became well acquainted with the configuration of the coast, since it was necessary to be familiar with the geographic fea- tures in order that safe anchorage might be available in which to lurk when looking for rich galleons to plunder, or to sort and divide the booty when the plundering was successfully carried out. When buccaneering passed into history, it was natural that the geographical information ob- tained, and to some extent disseminated, should be turned to good account as a basis for exploration of some of the commercially valuable natural resources. Even during buccaneering days some observations looking to such exploitation must have been made on such conspicuous species as the fishes, whales, turtles, and tortoises; but, when the days of piracy were over, these resources became quite important in and around the Galapa- gos Islands, later in the Gulf of California, and to a lesser extent along other parts of the coast. Commonly, the ships engaged in the industrial ventures arising out of this exploitation remained at sea for a long period of time. Many, if not most, of these fishermen doubtless had little interest in anything apart from their vocation, but some of them had sufficient curiosity to observe some of the plants and animals that came within their field of vision, particularly when they were ashore. In time some of these observations were reported, biologists became interested enough to provide for the collection of the more easily obtained specimens, and, on occasion, ar- rangements were made for naturalists to accompany some of the expedi- tions. In general, the collecting was confined to the shore or to the land not far from shore; but, in time, this collecting provided much informa- C1] Pe ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 tion on such land forms as birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects, and such shore forms as mollusks and crustacea. The plant collecting was confined, almost entirely, to the terrestrial species. When the results of this collecting were reported, a wider interest in the Eastern Tropical Pacific was aroused, and scientific expeditions were organized to carry investigation further; for by this time the sea had become definitely established as a suitable medium for biological investigation, although, as yet, ecological relationships and detailed distribution came into con- sideration very little. For that reason, the itinerary usually provided for but a short stay in any locality, and there was little variety added to the type of information obtained, even though the amount of information was materially increased. With some significant exceptions then, the expeditions previous to 1931 supplied little information on organisms living farther out in the sea than the low-water mark, unless these organisms were exploited for commercial purposes. In the case of the exceptions, e.g., some of the Albatross expeditions, when dredging was done, it was done in deeper water, or when bottom samples were taken, they were also from the deep. The most fertile area in the ocean, lying between the low-tide mark and the 100-fathom line, was almost untouched. It was into this rich faunal and floral area that the Velero III entered in 1931, and it is in this area that most of the biological investigation has been continued for these ten years, with special emphasis on the Gulf of California and the Galapagos. Since this exploration was started, some other expeditions have spent some time in the Eastern Pacific doing very serviceable work, but the region is so extensive that there is little likelihood of overlapping, or danger of overcrowding for generations to come. As yet, there has not been time to appraise in detail the results of these recent expeditions; hence they will not be further mentioned in this report. They will all report for themselves in the near future. The observations made during many of these earlier expeditions have little bearing on the work of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, and no attempt has been made to make a complete list of them. A reference to a few of the more important, selected without prejudice, of these expedi- tions that have paid particular attention to the Galapagos, and/or the Gulf of California, will serve to give some idea of the nature of the explorations. The remainder of the Eastern Tropical Pacific has been almost entirely neglected by these, comparatively speaking, casual ex- plorations. No. | FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 3 The history of the Galapagos Islands dates back to 1535, when Fray Tomas de Berlanga, Bishop of Panama, visited the islands, but appar- ently they remained little known until the buccaneers made use of them during the period between 1675 and 1775. When the last of the buc- caneers disappeared, their place was taken by the whalers, who continued operations here until 1858. The whalers, and probably also the bucca- neers, made use of the large tortoises (galapagos) for food, thus begin- ning the slaughter that lasted for long, and has led to the near extermina- tion of these animals. In the meantime, in 1831, Ecuador secured possession of the islands and proceeded to establish a penal colony that remained in existence for some time, during which horses, donkeys, cattle, and goats were intro- duced, and their descendants, since gone wild, have done much to disturb the biological equilibrium of the islands. In 1832 a small settlement was established on Charles Island, on the shore at Post Office Bay, where an oil rendering plant gave an added impetus to the slaughter of galapagos, and probably accounted for the total extermination of these tortoises on Charles Island. This settlement has long since disappeared, but the office, the oil-drum lighthouse (now no longer lighted), and the “Barrel Post Office” still remain as evidences of habitation. In 1869, Manuel Cobos started a settlement on Chatham Island, which has developed into “Pro- greso,” the only sizable settlement in the Galapagos. In 1826 the yacht Discoverer set out from Valparaiso with the pio- neer conchologist Hugh Cuming aboard. Included in the itinerary, ac- cording to the Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science for 1856, were five of the Galagapos Islands, which were reached in 1827. For so early a cruise, that of the Discoverer is remarkable in that dredging in shallow water was accomplished. Cuming’s collections of Crustacea and Mollusca were extensive and contained a high proportion of species new to science. In 1830, Alcide d’Orbigny spent three months, February through April, between Valparaiso and Arica, stopping at Cobija en route. After extensive travel overland, he returned to the coast in July, 1833, and proceeded to Callao via Islay, remaining in the environs of Lima until September of that year. The historical account of his voyages, in three volumes, appeared between 1835 and 1844. The reports on specimens collected by him form the basis of all subsequent work in marine zoology of coastal Peru. From the scientific angle, the year 1835 stands out by itself, for in that year the Beagle sailed northward along the coast of Chile and Peru 4 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS voL. 1 and west to the Galapagos, with Charles Darwin on board. One month, September 15 to October 15, was spent among the islands, a short time indeed ; but Darwin could make more accurate observations on natural phenomena in a month than most other people could in a much longer period. Without flourish or exaggeration he gave in the Voyages of the Beagle a simple, unvarnished description of what he saw and heard that for clarity and exactitude remains unequaled. His observations were confined mainly to the terrestrial species, the birds taking much of his attention, but the marine iguana could not go unobserved. Marine shells from the beaches and fish from the sea comprise his contribution to marine zoology. In 1859 the Austrian frigate Novara, commanded by Commodore B. von Wiillerstorf-Urbair, left Valparaiso for Europe via Cape Horn on the last leg of a three-year voyage around the world. One of the scien- tists, Dr. Karl Scherzer, made a leisurely journey home via the Isthmus of Panama, stopping at Coquimbo, Caldera, Cobija, Iquique, Arica, Port d’Islay, Chala, Pisco, Chinchas, Callao, Lima, Lambajeque, Payta, and Taboga Island. The narrative describing this cruise appeared in 1861. In 1872 the Hassler, Louis Agassiz in charge, visited the Galapagos briefly on a cruise from Boston to San Francisco via Cape Horn. An account of the expedition appears in Nature (London) for 1872, and a popular article by Elizabeth Agassiz in the Atlantic Monthly of the same year. It might be well to mention the voyage of the Peterel, Commander W. E. Cookson, in June, 1875, during which Abingdon, Charles, and Albemarle (Tagus and Iguana coves) were visited and birds, reptiles, myriapods, arachnids, insects, fishes, mollusks, crustaceans, and echino- derms were collected. Reports on the collections by various authors ap- peared in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, in 1877. In the following year, 1876, W. J. Fisher of San Francisco chartered a small vessel to make an investigation of the shores of Lower California, as well as of the islands near these shores, and the Gulf of California as far south as the Tres Marias Islands, in the interest of natural history. The mollusks were written up by Robert E. C. Stearns in Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Volume XVIII, 1894, but there is no information available as to what was done with the other collections. In 1883 the Italian frigate Vettor Pisani spent six months, from January until June, along the west coast of South America between Valparaiso and the Gulf of Guayaquil, collecting marine invertebrates No. | FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 5 at Coquimbo, Calderas, Mexillones, Callao, and Puna. In 1884 the months of January and February were spent in the Gulf of Panama and in March the Galapagos Islands were visited. An extensive list of the Crustacea collected appears in the Bulletin of the Nature Society of Naples for 1889. In the early months of 1888—January to May—the United States Fish Commission Steamer 4/datross, Lieutenant Z. L. Tanner command- ing, with Charles H. Townsend on board, made a cruise northward from the Strait of Magellan to Panama, to the Galapagos Islands, to Acapulco, Mexico, into the Gulf of California, and along the coast of Lower Cali- fornia, collecting at several stations in the Galapagos, and north of Aca- pulco, en route. Much of the collecting was done with the beam trawl in shallow water (as little as 54% fathoms). There was much shore and land collecting. The dredge was used for only eight hauls. An account of the cruise by Lieutenant Commander Tanner appeared in the Commis- sioner’s Report, United States Fish Commission for 1887, published in 1891. Again in 1889—February to April—the Albatross, Lieutenant Z. L. Tanner commanding, with C. H. Townsend and C. H. Gilbert on board, did some exploring in this general region. The route lay south from San Diego along the west coast of Lower California, out to the Revilla Gigedo Islands, back to Cape San Lucas, into the Gulf of California, and back to San Diego via the west coast of Lower California. Here again the beam trawl was in general use in water less than 100 fathoms. Very little dredging was done. Fish made up an important part of most of the catches. The Report of Commander Tanner appeared in the same publication in 1892. In 1891 marine investigation on the 4/batross was in charge of Alex- ander Agassiz, with C. H. Townsend assisting, and Lieutenant Z. L. Tanner in command of the ship. Operations were carried on off the west coast of Central America, the Galapagos Islands, the west coast of Mexi- co, and the Gulf of California. This time much more dredging was done, but nearly all in deep water; out of the 100 stations, only 8 were in less than 100 fathoms, and none was in less than 50 fathoms. Pelagic collect- ing occupied much time, and numerous observations were made on topog- raphy, currents, temperatures, specific gravity, and bottom configuration. Agassiz gave a general sketch of the Expedition in the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, XXIII, 1891, and Com- mander Tanner’s Report appeared in 1893. 6 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. l In 1898, under the patronage of Timothy Hopkins, Menlo Park, California, the Schooner Julia E. Whalen, Captain William C. Noyes, set out on the Hopkins-Stanford Galapagos Expedition, with Edmund Heller and R. E. Snodgrass in charge of operations that lasted for ten months—October 30, 1898, to August 30, 1899. On the way, Guadalupe, Clarion, and Cocos islands were visited, and in the Galapagos, Cul- pepper, Wenman, Albemarle, Narborough, James, North Seymour, South Seymour, Duncan, Charles, Hood, Chatham, Barrington, Bindloe, Abingdon, and Tower islands. Except for some echinoderms, crustaceans, and mollusks collected along shore, and insects collected in the interior, all attention was applied to vertebrates. The itinerary was recorded by Edmund Heller in his paper on Reptiles (XII) of the expedition, pub- lished in the Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Science, V, in 1903: In 1904 Alexander Agassiz took charge of another expedition to the Eastern Tropical and Subtropical Pacific—October, 1904, to March, 1905. All dredge and trawl hauls were made in deep water. There were only six of them at a depth of less than 1,000 fathoms—2 off Panama, 1 off Aguja Point, Peru, and 3 in the vicinity of Hood Island, Galapagos. Of these, one was at 100 fathoms, one at 300 fathoms, and one at 500 fathoms. As in the previous cruise, much pelagic collecting was done. In 1905-1906, a party headed by Joseph R. Slevin, representing the California Academy of Sciences, made a cruise to the Galapagos Islands in the schooner Academy, R. H. Beck, Master and Chief of party. The cruise lasted from June 28, 1905, to November 29, 1906. Over a year was spent in the Galapagos, a greater length of time than that of any other expedition. All the larger islands and almost all of the smaller islands were visited. On the way to the Galapagos calls were made at sev- eral locations on the outer coast of Lower California, and at Socorro Island, Clipperton Island, and Cocos Island. Evidently the main object of the expedition was to study the galapagos in detail in order to deter- mine all the specific differences existing in these tortoises from the dif- ferent islands. No other expedition has made even an approach to the number of shells brought out. Apart from these, valuable and extensive collections, especially birds and reptiles, were obtained. The vertebrate marine fauna received some attention, but any that the invertebrate marine fauna or the marine flora received was merely incidental. ‘Che ac- count of the expedition by Joseph R. Slevin was not published by the Academy until 1931. (Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, XVII, pp. 1-162.) No. | FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 7 In 1906-1908 Dr. Robert E. Coker of the U.S. Fish Commission made an extensive survey of the fisheries resources of Peru at the invita- tion of the Peruvian government. Collecting along the coast between latitudes 3° 30’ and 17° S. was accomplished, both ashore, on sand beaches and salt marshes with the seine, and in shallow water, to a depth of several fathoms, with dredge and trawl. The collections were large, the Crustacea alone numbering 80 species. Reports on the findings of the survey, published in the Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum for 1909-10, not only served as a basis for the regulation of fisheries by the Peruvian government, but aided in the rehabilitation of the guano indus- try as well. In 1911—February 23 to April 29—the Albatross, with C. H. Townsend on board, cruised along the coast of Lower California, calling at Guadalupe Island, and in the Gulf of California. There was much shore collecting but comparatively little dredging. There were four hauls in less than 400 fathoms, but only one of them in less than 250 fathoms. In the year 1921, the California Academy of Sciences sent an expedi- tion to the Gulf of California. The collecting was entirely terrestrial, but a good map of the Gulf of California was published, with information as to anchorages, etc. The Report was published in 1923 in the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (4), XII, No. 6. In 1923, William Beebe, with several associates, on the yacht Noma, spent 100 hours in the Galapagos. Observations were mainly on the ter- restrial fauna—birds, reptiles, and insects—and on fish, although marine invertebrates were collected and reported upon. The popular account was published as Galapagos, World’s End, in 1924. The scientific accounts appeared in Zoologica, V, 1924. In 1925, William Beebe again visited the Galapagos, this time on the steam yacht Arcturus and with a larger scientific staff. The Arcturus was in the Pacific from March 28, 1925, to June 21, 1925. The route was from Panama to the Galapagos Islands, to Balboa, to Cocos Island, to Galapagos Islands, to Balboa. Much attention was given to fishes, birds, and insects, and there was extensive plankton collecting. The diving helmet was used in shallow water. Some dredging was done, but this mostly in deeper water. The popular account, including the “Log of the Arcturus,” was published as “Arcturus Adventure’ in 1926. The scien- tific accounts comprise volumes VII and VIII of Zoologica, 1926 and 1927. In 1925, the steam yacht St. George, with Dr. Cyril Crossland, nat- uralist, aboard, visited the islands of Taboga, Gorgona, and the Galapa- 8 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 gos en route to the Marquesas. An important contribution to the geology of the region, by Chubb, appears in the Geological Magazine (London) for 1925, and the Crossland report, stressing the marine ecology and coral formations in the regions visited, appeared in the T'ransactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh for 1927. In 1929, Gifford Pinchot, in his trip to the South Seas, traveled through the Pacific area from Panama to the islands of the South Seas, with other scientists on board. In his book To the South Seas, he gives some general information about the species (mostly terrestrial) to be found in the Galapagos, but little new or of scientific interest concerning the marine fauna. In 1930, the scientific portion of the Astor Expedition to the Galapa- gos Islands, in the Nourmahal, was organized by C. H. Townsend, who had for his assistants Kermit Roosevelt and Henry K. Svenson. The work done was largely confined to Indefatigable Island. Birds, reptiles, insects, and plants were collected, but there was no special marine investigation. The general Report was published in the Bulletin of the New York Zo- ological Society, in July, August, 1930. NO. | FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 9 Preparation for the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions This brief account is sufficient to indicate that, from a scientific view- point, the shallow-water area along the coast of the mainland and of the numerous islands of the Eastern Tropical and Subtropical Pacific had received but little attention, when, in 1931, Captain Allan Hancock, in the newly commissioned Velero III, turned his attention to the explo- ration of this area. The venture was the result of no hasty decision, for, directly or in- directly, there were years of preparation for this very expedition, but even the Captain, as on December 3 he set his course southward from Los Angeles Harbor, could scarcely have dreamed of the immensity of the project that would develop from this unpretentious embarkation. Looking back over ten years of operation, it is an easy matter to see the manner in which the whole plan has unfolded and developed. It is only after having obtained a full appreciation of the comprehensiveness of the work that has been done, and the results that have been obtained, that due credit can be given to the man who had the foresight to plan the first expedition and, as experience indicated, to continue the expansion of the project, always ready and willing to “take occasion by the hand” in mak- ing the most of his own experience and the experience of the scientists who were brought from hither and yon to assist in carrying out the ex- ploration, year after year, to the greatest advantage. This is not the place to refer to Captain Hancock’s multifarious ac- tivities. That has been done and can be done by others who have more carefully followed these activities; but it is appropriate here to say some- thing concerning the development of his enthusiasm and aptitude for navigation and marine investigation. To make the story complete, it is necessary to say it. (Illustrations, plates 1-3.) The story begins back in boyhood days on the Rancho La Brea, when Allan Hancock built for himself and his brother Bertram a punt, still intact beside the old ranch house, with which to explore the tar pits. This is of importance because it is the first association of navigation and biology in Allan’s experience. The La Brea pits were soon to become famous as the great depository of fossil remains, in which, of course, Allan took much interest. This interest in the La Brea fossils has developed to in- clude animal life in general, especially as it appears in its own habitat. The other side of the association, navigation, has developed and has been nurtured until it has become one of the Captain’s major activities. 10 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 PLATE 1 Capt. Hancock and his younger brother exploring one of the larger pools of Rancho La Brea in his first boat, a punt built about 1890. The Cricket, a 54-foot boat. PLATE 2 Velero I, a 99-foot cruiser, after her lengthening by the inser- tion of a 21-foot section amidships. The Velero II, a 125-foot cruiser. PLATE 3 S. S. Oaxaca, operated by Capt. Hancock between San Pedro and Mazatlan, Mexico, and used by him on Galapagos and Alaskan cruises prior to the advent of the Velero III. Capt. Hancock on the bridge of the motor cruiser Velero ITI. PLATE 4 Velero III of Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 1931-42, approximately 195-foot cruiser. — Hanwha. Fig. 1 Punt in La Brea Tar Pits \ \ \ Fig. 2 Cricket IFLATE 2 Fig.3 Velero I Fig. 4 Velero II PLATE 3 Figs. 5 Oaxaca; 6 Captain Allan Hancock PLATE 4 Ill 949794 L314 EE OO PuaTE 5 Fig. 10 Dredge boat in operation PLATE 6 Fig. 11 Old dredge boat Fig. 12 Motor launch LATE er “fi Fig. 14 Deck load of animals ‘PLATE 8 = ering gear showing ste se Fig. 15 Pilot hou ator board fig. 16 Chart table and indic No. 1 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 12 14 16 PLAEE 5 Winch of the small dredge boat being operated by Alec Campbell, engineer aboard the Velero III. Dredge boat, deck of Velero III. Dredge boat converted from auxiliary launch, in operation in Gulf of California waters. PLATE 6 Whale boat converted into an efficient dredger for use at moderate depths. Dr. Schmitt and Dr. Fraser occupy posi- tions adjacent to the dredging table. Ship’s launch used for deep-sea fishing and in transporting scientists from the Velero III to shore. PLATE-7 View of the boat deck of Velero III from the wharf at San Diego showing animal cages, scientists’ working space, and auxiliary craft under cover. The exploration cruiser Velero III at dockside with a deck- load of live animals for the San Diego Zoological Society. PLATE 8 The bridge of Velero III showing from left to right auto- matic windshield wiper, ship’s telegraph, and gyroscopic steering device, and radio beacon detector. The chart room of Velero III showing panel indicator board, telephone, electric ship’s log, and other navigational aids on the commodious chart table. 19 20 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 As the plan for marine exploration has developed step by step, and as practically all of the Captain’s other activities have developed, navigation plans and facilities developed step by step. Each successive vessel, owned or built, must show an increase in magnitude or in efficiency or in both, as experience in navigation goes on “from strength to strength.”’ To test his mettle in sailing on the open ocean, Allan Hancock, in partnership with his friend, Hancock Banning, purchased the Cricket, a 54-foot boat, large enough to travel extensively in the waters between Los Angeles and Santa Catalina Island. Later Allan became sole possessor. The range of operation was somewhat limited, and inevitably the Cricket soon had to give place to a larger, speedier rival. The Captain had a new vessel built to his own design, the Velero I, a 78-foot cruiser, with 300 horsepower to take it along at a speed of 11 knots. In 1915 the Velero I was put into commission, the fastest and trimmest cruiser on the coast. Although it sailed with a crew of two, the Captain and an engine-room assistant, it was eminently suitable for ex- ploring any or all of the Channel Islands, or all of the waters between Point Conception and San Diego. The satisfaction in sailing this craft was not complete for long. The engine room and galley were cramped for space, and in other respects there was much lack of room; hence, after two years of service, in 1917 the Velero I was put on the ways and cut in two, so that a 21-foot section could be introduced between the two parts. Now the vessel, with a length of 99 feet, had more generous engine-room and galley space, and a fair- sized recreation hall. ‘The additional equipment included a complete wire- less apparatus. While World War I was raging, the field of operation was not extended; but, after the war was over, the Channel area was no longer sufficient. Mexico called, and the Captain answered. Although Lower California and the Gulf of California lie so near southern California, there was a woeful lack of information about any portion of this area, unless, possibly, the ports of occasional call. To ac- quire such information and to learn something of the conditions for navi- gation, Captain Hancock planned an expedition to that part of Mexico in which the shore line and suitable locations for anchorage could be investi- gated. On January 30, 1921, the Velero I left the home port on a 3,000-mile cruise, southward along the west coast of Lower California and into the Gulf of California, as far as Tiburon Island. This cruise was important for its immediate intrinsic value, but even more so because the informa- NO. 1 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC ZN tion obtained had so much to do with the success of the later expeditions into the same region for more definitely scientific exploration. Satisfactory as this cruise was, it was only enough to whet the appe- tite for more. To satisfy this appetite even temporarily, a larger vessel was required, and so the Velero II was designed and constructed in 1922. This 125-foot, 195-ton cruiser, equipped with twin Winton-Diesel, six- cylinder engines, developed a speed of ten knots, with a cruising radius of 5,000 miles. With the Velero II in commission, a much more extensive expedition was soon initiated, and this one had a somewhat stronger biological tinge than the previous expedition. Calls were made at Guadalupe Island, Cerros Island, Magdalena Bay, Cape San Lucas, Clarion Island, Socorro Island, Clipperton Island, several points in the Gulf of California, Maz- atlan and other points on the mainland coast of Mexico, La Union, El Salvador, and Panama, and, on the return, Cape San Lucas and Mazat- lan. As a follow-up of this cruise, Captain Hancock purchased the Haci- enda Barron, a short distance inland from Mazatlan, with the idea of introducing more modern methods of agriculture into this region. This is mentioned because it had much to do with the next distinct develop- ment in navigation. There was little to be gained by an increase in agricultural produc- tion in western Mexico unless some means were provided to carry the produce, still in good condition, to northern markets. To overcome this difficulty the steamer Oaxaca was purchased from the British Admiralty. The Oaxaca was much larger and more powerful than Velero IT. It was 255 feet in length, with a beam of 35 feet, and a normal draft of 18 feet 6 inches, gross tonnage 1,683, normal horsepower 1,800, extreme speed 16 knots, normal cruising speed 12.5 knots, cruising radius 4;500 miles. There were large cargo space and passenger accommodation. Air-cooled facilities for the preservation of fruit and vegetables were installed, and, for easier navigation, a gyro compass, and a ‘“‘Metal Mike.” The ship was put into service as a produce transport, operating under the West Coast Transportation Company. As to its vocation nothing more need be said, as it was its avocation that is of scientific interest. Produce transport is a seasonal occupation. In off seasons, the Oaxaca could be, and actually was, used for extended expeditions. For some time, Captain Hancock had been nurturing the desire to sponsor a scientific expedition to the Galapagos Islands. Now, with the 22 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 1 Oaxaca, he was well equipped to do so. At this time the California Acad- emy of Sciences was particularly eager to obtain specimens of some of the characteristic species of animals of the Galapagos. The synchronism was perfect. On November 27, 1927, the Oaxaca, with a crew of 35 men and a passenger list of 12, left San Pedro, Galapagos bound, on a seven weeks’ cruise. Joseph Slevin, who was with the Academy party in 1905, and Frank Tose represented the California Academy of Sciences. The route followed the mainland coast to Panama, and then, by way of Cocos Island, to the Galapagos. The principal faunal attraction consisted of birds and reptiles, but observations were made more or less incidentally on many of the other groups. For this first visit to the Galapagos, the islands put on a special display of fireworks. From the channel between Albemarle and Narborough the ship’s company had a grandstand view of the violent volcanic eruption on Narborough Island. In the following summer, after carrying a load of freight to New Westminster, B.C., the Oaxaca was outfitted for a cruise in Alaskan waters, and a pilot familiar with local waters was engaged. Northward, the trip ended at Skagway. On the return, owing to faulty beacon mark- ing, the Oaxaca piled up on Burnt Island Reef in Wrangel Narrows. Later she was released and with some temporary repairs was taken south to Vancouver for a thorough examination. The damage was extensive and rather than contract for repairs that would not give assurance that the ship could be made seaworthy, she was sold without further ado. The Velero II was still available for cruising, and she continued in use for that purpose, but she was scarcely large enough or well enough equipped for the longer scientific expeditions that the Captain now had in mind. An association with the late Dr. Harry Wegeforth, who was doing so much to increase interest in the Zoological Gardens in Balboa Park, San Diego, could not fail to arouse enthusiasm in the expansion of this institution. Hence there was another incentive to visit the southern seas and southern lands, to bring back animals alive for the San Diego Zoo. No mention has been made of the extra time that Captain Hancock had put in with the Merchant Marine, to gain experience and to obtain the necessary papers to permit him to take command, as Master, of ships of any size on any ocean. With his familiarity with navigation in the Eastern Pacific and with his experience in sponsoring expeditions, it is not surprising that he had some very definite ideas as to the essentials necessary to provide a ship NO. 1 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 23 that, with safety and convenience, would meet any emergency likely to arise in carrying out the expanding program of marine exploration that he had in mind. Now was the time to put these ideas to the test in building a new cruiser, which became Velero III, with Naval Architect, G. Bruce New- by, commissioned to carry out the plans. In June, 1930, the keel was laid in the Craig Shipbuilding Yards at Long Beach. The work was carried out expeditiously, so that everything was ready for launching on April 2, 1931, and it was not long until the Velero III was ready for her trial trip to San Francisco, on which she embarked July 11, 1931. Her per- formance was well up to expectations, but before starting on her first long cruise in the interest of science shorter cruises were made to the Channel Islands, San Francisco, San Diego, Guadalupe Island, and Cer- ros Island. Every test was met so successfully that there was no necessity of any further delay in starting out on the First Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition. How well the Velero III behaved on these expeditions is told elsewhere in this volume. 24 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 THE VELERO III Plates 4-16 The Velero III is a steel, Diesel-propelled cruiser, 195’ 114” in over- all length, with 30’ beam and 11’ 9” draft. Her dead weight is 1,300 tons and she has a net cargo capacity of 293 tons. She is driven by twin, air-injection, full Diesel, six-cylinder, four-cycle Winton engines; each, developing 850 horsepower at 250 R.P.M.., is directly connected to a propeller shaft. There are fuel oil capacity of 54,000 gallons and water capacity of 18,000 gallons, which gives a cruising radius of 9,500 miles at 14 knots. The trimness of her lines can be better appreciated from a photograph than from any description that might be given. Within the compass of the hull, the ship may be said to consist of a flying bridge, an upper deck divided into fo’c’s’le deck forward and boat deck aft, a main deck, a lower or A deck, and a hold or B deck. To give some idea of the structure and equipment of the ship, these deck levels will be described in turn. Flying bridge. ‘The bridge is provided with steering pedestal and steering wheel of the electric contact type, magnetic binnacle, gyro re- peater, two telegraphs, rudder indicator, speaking tubes, public address system to after deck, searchlight mountable on either port or starboard base, and the customary running lights. Fo’c’s'le deck. The forward extension of the boat deck, at a little lower level, is the fo’c’s’le deck, with fore mast reaching 39 feet above deck. This mast has an 18-foot yard arm and a cargo boom. The deck is provided with anchors (four of them, 1,764, 1,596, 1,428, and 448 pounds), anchor windlass with 20-horsepower motor, winch, and cable drum, with the necessary equipment for their operation, and on the star- board side, a set of three screens for sorting the dredge material. Boat deck. Well forward on the boat deck is the pilothouse, with its eleven windows forming an arc to give wide range of vision. In one window is set a clear vision screen. The forward portion of the pilothouse is provided with Sperry gyro metal mike, electric and hand steering gear, gyroscopic and magnetic compasses, radio direction finder, rudder indi- cator, telegraph, signal bell, buzzer, speaking tube to the engine room, and field glasses. The after part is supplied with chart table, chart lockers, indicator board, with running light switches, water-tight door indicators, and electric ship’s log, flag locker, fathometer, automatic course recorder, gyrocompass alarm, chronometer, desks, and cupboards. To the left of the chart table is located the compass of the ‘“‘Southern Cross,” the plane used NO. 1 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 25 by the late Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith in making the pioneer flight across the Pacific, sponsored by Captain Hancock. In the floor of the pilothouse is located a trapdoor, through which entrance may be gained from the galley below in the event heavy seas prevent use of the outside passages. Immediately aft of the pilot room are the Captain’s quarters. Aft the Captain’s quarters, the fidley is above the engine room, and is largely taken up with the skylights, the two stacks, and four cowl venti- lators. Aft the fidley is the electric hoist for lifting the motor boats. Far- ther aft is the radio house, provided with three complete transmitting units, long, intermediate, and short-wave, a standard receiving set, a loud speaker, table, drawers, instrument table, two bunks, cabinet, and wash basin. Immediately aft the radio house is a recess that has been used as a laboratory and at other times for stores. A short distance aft again are another outdoor laboratory or sorting table, over which may be stretched a canvas for protection from the tropi- cal sun, an electric drying cupboard, an 1,800-gallon gasoline tank for fueling the launches, and the mainmast, the same height as the foremast, the two of them serving as supports for wireless antennae. After these there is considerable deck area, a portion of which is taken up by the life raft (8’ 0” by 4’ 6”). All of the available space here is commonly taken up on the return voyage by live animal cages. To port is the electrically operated sounding cable of 280 fathoms, used for water and mud samples. Much of the deck space, both port and starboard, is taken up with the chocks and davits for the auxiliary craft, and with the boats themselves, when they are in place. There are two twin-screw, 26-foot motor boats, two single-screw, 20-foot metal life boats, and three 14-foot skiffs, each of which can be used with one of the four outboard motors, one of which is electric, operating from storage batteries. The four larger boats are raised or lowered by mechanical davits, run by a 15-horsepower motor, and the three smaller by ordinary hand davits. Main deck. Forward on the main deck, i.e., below the fo’c’s’le deck, from the peak aft are tanks of oil for calming rough seas, emergency anchor cable, Bo’s’n’s locker, and carpenter shop, after which there is a hatch to the stores below. From the carpenter shop a passage extends aft to the cross passage forward of the dining saloon. On the port side of this passage are paint locker, two staterooms, a shower and toilet, and a small deck locker; on the starboard are laundry, equipped with electric washing machine, two staterooms, and a lamp locker. The cross passage opens to the outside deck passages. 26 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 23 Fig. 24 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS voL. 1 PLATE 9 Pilot house of Velero III showing the ship’s telegraph, gyro- scopic and magnetic compasses, steering wheel, and radio beacon detector. Radio equipment of the Velero III consisting of long, short, and intermediate wave transmitters and receiving sets. PLATE 10 Dining room of Velero III showing ship model complete in every detail and capable of propulsion by means of storage batteries. General view of recreation hall of the Yelero III showing the open type of construction exposing steel girders and con- duits. The companionway to the right leads to the staterooms. PEATE 1 Engine room of Velero III showing twin Winton-Diesel en- gines and their controls. Engine room of Velero III showing two of the auxiliary generators and other mechanical installations. PLATE 12 Members of the crew of Velero III at the controls of the dredging winch located on the bow of the vessel. The guide wheel registers the number of fathoms of cable out. Dr. Hubert Lyman Clark of Harvard University sorting a collection of echinoderms obtained at a shore collecting sta- tion in the open-air laboratory located on the after deck of Velero III. 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Fig. 50 San Nicolas Island, Dutch Harbor Fig. 52 San Nicolas Island looking southward PLATE 23 PiaTE 24 Fig. 53 China Point SE end of San Clemente Island Fig. 54 Pyramid Cove, San Clemente Island Fig. 55 San Clemente, south side looking NW from China Point PuatTe 25 = a a TS — Fig. 57 Santa Catalina Island, Velero III in White Cove PLATE 26 Fig. 59 Point Fermin, San Pedro Ss: PLATE Zi a a southward Fig. 60 Corona del Mar, California, looking PLATE 28 Fig. 62 Laguna, California, looking northward Fig. 63 Laguna, California, looking northward PLATE 29 2 Daler. ie z : - m= Bits Fig. 64 Guadalupe Island, north end Fig. 65 Guadalupe Island, south end PuateE 30 4 Li se ye ¢ y= i? wv ae he Fig. 67 East San Benito Island PiaTE 31 Fig. 69 Village east side of Cedros Island PLATE 32 Fig. 70 Algae, Cedros Island, South Bay Fig. 71 Cedros Island, South Bay <<< —— Fig. 72 Kelp beds, Thurloe Bay, Lower California, Mexico Fig. 73 Turtle Bay, Lower California, Mexico Fig. 74 (right) Asuncién Island, Lower California, Mexico Pirates 34, 35 Fig. 76 Turtle Bay, Lower California . Fig. 77 Turtle Bay, Lower California 7 | ae! \ =t a : sa : : a ae Pirates 34, 35 ge) RR Fig. 76 Turtle Bay, Lower California Fig. 77 Turtle Bay, Lower California PLATE 360 NO. 2 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 93 PLATE 22 A view of the northwest side of Santa Barbara Island from a point near the summit. Colonies of California sea lions and an occasional sea elephant inhabit the rocky inlets, while beds of kelp extend for a mile or more off shore. Chart 29, p. 384. (Photographs, figs. 47, 52-55, L. A. Museum—Channel Islands Biol. Survey.) North end of Santa Barbara Island as viewed from the southeast. (Photographs, figs. 48, 50, 51, by Marian B. Hollenbach.) Landing at Santa Barbara Island, California. Stores for a biological survey party of the Los Angeles Museum are being hoisted by means of a temporary scaffolding. Pedestrians take a steep and narrow trail to the summit. PLATE 23 Dutch Harbor, San Nicolas Island, as seen from the east. Chart 30, p. 385. Surf breaking on the mile-long spit at the east end of San Nicolas Island. Here two currents meet, and the spray may be clearly seen for many miles on either side of the island. Chart 30, p. 385. Looking toward the south end of San Nicolas Island from a point near the center of the island. The effects of overgrazing and consequent erosion are clearly seen in the picture. PLATE 24 View of Pyramid Cove, San Clemente Island, showing the surf through which the members of the biological survey party of the Los Angeles Museum were landed from the Velero IJ. Chart 31, p. 385. The south side of San Clemente Island, California, looking northwest from China Point. China Point, the extreme southeast end of San Clemente Island, Cali- fornia, showing the effect of wave action on a level plateau. PLATE 25 The southeast end of Santa Catalina Island, from Pebble Beach to Seal Rocks, has been much blasted to obtain a granitic rock used for building breakwaters. The slope of the island, naturally abrupt at this point, has been greatly steepened by these operations. Evidence that Santa Catalina Island is not rising is found in the absence of elevated beaches and former shore lines. Charts 27, 28, pp. 382, 383. The Velero III as she appeared at what was perhaps her most fre- quented anchorage, at White Cove, south of Long Point, Santa Catalina Island. The wharf, outbuildings, and reservoir were used in connection with the operations of an old mine. PLATE 26 Point San Vicente light as seen from a few hundred yards off shore. The precipitous bluff exposes Tertiary sediments. The Palos Verdes hills represent an uplifted Channel Island, several former shore lines being clearly visible. Chart 25, p. 380. Rocky beach at Point Fermin, California, showing coarse rock shingle and wave-worn sections of uplifted Tertiary deposits. (Photograph by C. McLean Fraser.) PLATE 27 Shore line south of Corona del Mar, California, showing the numerous reefs on which collecting was accomplished, as well as outlying sea stacks and arches. (Photograph by C. McLean Fraser.) Beach south of Corona del Mar, California, a favorite collecting ground for marine zoologists. Chart 26, p. 381. (Photograph by C. McLean Fraser.) 94 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 a 72 73 74 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS voL. 1 PLATE 28 Rocky shore south of Laguna Beach, California, looking north. Chart 26, p. 381. (Photograph by C. McLean Fraser.) Shore line north of Laguna Beach, California, consisting of a number of shallow bays separated by cliffed promontories. (Photograph by C. McLean Fraser.) PLATE 29 Guadalupe Island dwellings constructed of native volcanic rock. The Mexican government maintains a garrison for the protection of the elephant seal herd on the other side of the island. Chart 13, p. 371. The south end of Guadalupe Island affords a glimpse of the effects of volcanism. A cap of lava overlies the stratified deposits of earlier geological periods. It is as if one were viewing the inside of the rim of a crater, the major portion of which had been worn away, allowing access to the crater by the sea. PLATE 30 A portion of a herd of nearly 1,500 of the northern elephant seal, bask- ing on a lava beach at the foot of a talus slope. Behind them the shore of Guadalupe Island rises precipitously to a height of 4,500 feet. The protected west shore of East San Benito Island, breeding ground for thousands of California sea lions. The sandy slopes to the right afford nesting places for western gulls and California brown pelicans. Chart 39, p. 391. PLATE 31 Wreck of a south-bound tanker aground almost at the foot of the light- house on West San Benito Island. An ancient shore line is distinguish- able at a higher level. The village on the east side of Cedros Island, located on an alluvial fan which represents the third and last of 3 periods of fan formation, the long slope in the distance being the first. (The principal occupation of the inhabitants is the canning of lobster and abalone which abound on near-by rocky shores.) PLATE 32 Algae on shore, South Bay, Cedros Island, Mexico. The conspicuous form with the branching stalk is Eisenia. The finer growth in the fore- ground is eel grass (Zostera). (Photograph by Wm. R. Taylor.) The landing at South Bay, Cedros Island, a region of great interest to the geologist, who reports that its formations are precretaceous meta- morphics and quaternary volcanics. Chart 40, p. 392. PLATE 33 Beds of Macrocystis off shore, Thurloe Bay, Lower California, Mexico. Thurloe Bay marks the southern limit of large kelp beds. The rocks in the foreground represent a series of tilted sediments. (Photograph by Wm. R. Taylor.) Turtle Bay, Lower California, Mexico, showing conglomerate rock in the background and beds of kelp among which collecting was accomp- lished on an early Hancock Expedition. Chart 42, p. 393. Rocky coast of Asuncion Island, Lower California, a favorite breeding ground of the California sea lion. The incessant barking of thousands of these animals made sleep impossible aboard the Velero III anchored a mile off shore. NO. 2 Fig. 75 Fig. 76 Fig. 77 Fig. 78 Fig. 79 FRASER : SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 95 PLATES 34, 35 Panorama of Turtle Bay, Lower California, showing Japanese fishing fleet at anchor in the middle distance and Expedition scientists pre- paring to launch skiff with outboard motor. The harbor entrance is shown at the right. A view looking across the harbor of Turtle Bay, Lower California, from the north shore, showing a portion of the Japanese fishing fleet at anchor in the middle distance. A view of Turtle Bay, Lower California, to the south looking across mud flats toward the beach, which was a favorite collecting ground for edible clams or cockles (Chione). PLATE 36 The sea stacks at Cape San Lucas, an important landmark to navigators crossing the Gulf of California. The rocks are seen from the east, or Gulf side, the open Pacific lying beyond them. Chart 45, p. 394. Cape San Lucas as seen from the south appears to be a continuous mass of granite. However, when seen from either west or east, it resolves itself into a number of well-separated stacks and arches allowing pass- age of the sea between. 96 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 1 Gulf of California—W est Coast Plates 37-60; Charts 48-62 The Gulf of California is an area of major importance in the work of the Allan Hancock Foundation, since it was the main base of operations for three of the winter expeditions, those of 1936, 1937, and 1940. In the attention paid to it, however, it falls relatively short of that paid to the Galapagos Islands, for, although slightly more time has been spent in the Gulf of California, the area included is more than twice as great as that included in the Galapagos area. The Gulf, separated from the Pacific Ocean by the peninsula of Lower California, is 650 miles long from southeast to northwest and 50 to 120 miles wide. Gales from the northwest in the winter months and from the southeast in the summer months are not infrequent. In several places, especially in the channels between the islands and the mainland, the currents are strong and erratic, and for such an extensive coast line anchorages, safe in all weather, are comparatively few. There are few indications of foul ground such as are commonly present in the open ocean. Nevertheless, in fair weather and under favorable conditions generally, suitable spots for collecting can be found along the shore and on the sea bottom in almost all parts of the Gulf. The east coast of Lower California, or the west coast of the Gulf, is most commonly high and precipitous, with mountains often rising abruptly close to the shore. There are sandy beaches, but they are seldom of any great length. Depth increases rapidly offshore, but there are nu- merous islands, often separated from the mainland and from each other by navigable channels. The coast itself, as well as the adjacent islands, has little precipitation; and, while there are some fertile valleys and ar- royos, general barrenness is evident. From the head of the Gulf southward, the east coast is very different from the west coast. Although there are still the high mountains in the background, the immediate foreground is, in the main, low and sandy; and, with the exception of those some distance from shore, most of the islands are in the nature of deltas. Physical, chemical, and meteorological conditions change materially from the entrance of the Gulf to the head, and with these changes there is, of course, a change in the flora and fauna. The lower portion is tropi- cal, with warm water and corresponding fauna, indicated, for instance, by the presence of coral masses. Toward the head it becomes much colder and less saline, and the tropical species are replaced by those that inhabit Oe een eeGV NO.2 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 163 The results obtained in the bay and near the entrance have not been so good as those from the channel between Medidor and Pacora islands. Five miles off the entrance to Bahia Honda is Isla Canal de Afuera, and 6% miles southwest of this, the relatively large island, Isla Coiba, with a length of 2114 miles and a width of 13 miles. South of the western part of the Isla Coiba and 31% miles from it is the triangular island, Isla Jicaron, 334 miles by 3 miles; and 14 mile south of this again Isla Jicarita, 1 mile by % mile. The northeast side of Jicarita is low and quite arid; the south shore is a perpendicular bluff and the west is much similar, although there are some small coves with a background of palm trees. There are one shore station on rock, with coral masses, on the northeast- ern part of the island, and dredging stations, one east of the northern part of the island, one to the west of the island, and one at the western en- trance of the channel between Jicarita and Jicarén. From Punta Jabali southeastward there is a wide bight, extending 50 miles to Punta Mariato, with a large bay, Bahia Montijo, largely shut off from the open ocean by Isla Cebaco, extending northward 17 miles from the central portion. The first 15 miles of the shore of the bight is relatively rugged, but most of the remainder, especially that around Bahia Montijo, is quite low. Punta Mariato is the southwestern point of a rectangular peninsula that lies between Bahia Montijo and the approach to the Gulf of Pana- ma. The south shore extends 56 miles from Punta Mariato to Cape Mala, the southeastern point. The first portion is bold, but the remainder is low, although the deep water comes in quite close to the shore through- out the whole distance. The west coast of the Gulf of Panama, extending from Cape Mala to the entrance to the Panama Canal, consists of two bights, a larger one, 25 miles across and 40 miles deep, and a much smaller one, 17 miles across and 8 miles deep, which forms the western part of Panama Bay. The whole coast is low, and the near-by water shallow. There are no signifi- cant, secondary irregularities. South of the Balboa entrance to the Panama Canal, and 9 miles from it, are the two islands, Taboga and Taboguilla, 2 miles apart, with other islets and rocks in the neighborhood. Taboga is 214 miles long and 114 miles wide, almost divided into two parts by a cove on each side. ‘Ta- boguilla is 1 mile long and 24 mile wide. Both islands are wooded. Shore collecting in tide pools, on rocks, and on coral masses on Taboga and 164 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 dredging in shallow water, 5 fathoms as a maximum, have been the only activities here. Balboa, situated at the head of the narrowed approach to the Panama Canal, is the Pacific port for the Canal Zone, a strip of land, 10 miles wide, extending across the isthmus of Panama to Cristobal on the Carib- bean Sea. At Balboa there is a wide tide range, said to be over 20 feet at some of the spring tides. Some collecting has been done from the piles of the wharf at low tide. Visits have been made to the laboratory on Barro Colorado Island in Gatun Lake, but the collecting here has been incidental. Some bats have been obtained from a cave near the Madden Dam. Balboa, Canal Zone Plate 84; Chart 82 Ashore there is no separation between Balboa and Panama City, but along the shore there is a point of land between the two, and Panama faces on Panama Harbor to the east of the city. It is something to see a real city, after leaving the last one, San Diego, so far behind. The fish market provided the only specimens obtained here. Separating the present Panama Harbor from the harbor of the Old Town of Panama, destroyed by Morgan, is another small point of land. There are collecting stations on the rocks adjacent to the harbor of the Old Town. From Old Panama the coast line forms a 75-mile crescent to Punta Brava, at the entrance to Bahia San Miguel. The coast is low, and, al- though there are several small bays and estuaries, the water is too shallow for them to be of much use in navigation. The water deepens gradually even some distance out from shore. ‘Che vegetation is now becoming more extensive, as this is the approach to the belt of tropical rain forests. Lying off the southern half of this crescent, 10 miles as a minimum, ts the Archipelago De Las Perlas, extending 30 miles north and south and 20 miles east and west. Isla del Rey, 15 miles long and 7% miles wide, is the largest of the group. There is no deep water between them and the mainland. Bahia San Miguel, 14% miles wide at the entrance, between Punta Brava and Punta Garachiné, is very irregular, with bays and estuaries straggling off from it. It extends about 20 miles to the eastward. From Punta Garachiné the coast continues south-southeastward to Punta Pinas, 36 miles, with but one significant point, Punta Caracoles, along the way. The coast here is bolder, and the offshore water deepens rapidly. NO.2 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 165 Punta Pifias is at the tip of a slender, southerly projecting peninsula that serves as a perfect protection for Bahia Pifias, a small bay, 144 miles across at the entrance, extending northward for 214 miles, to form an excellent, safe anchorage. Here there are shore stations on rocks and in coral masses and dredging stations in 3 to 35 fathoms, in sand, mud, rock, shell, and coralline. After Bahia Pifias the coast line continues the same general trend, 25 miles, to the Panama-Colombia boundary, and another 28 miles to Cape Marzo, at the entrance to Octavia Bay. Before reaching the cape, however, there is a definite indentation facing the northwest, Humboldt Bay. Colombia Plates 87, 88; Charts 83-87 Cape Marzo is bold and rocky, with a reef and detached rocks ex- tending 3 miles south of it. It forms the western extremity of Octavia Bay, the coast of which extends northward, eastward, and southeastward to Point Cruces, 15 miles from Cape Marzo. The 2-mile northward ex- tension of the bay is well sheltered. Collecting on the shingle and in the coral masses of the extending peninsula and dredging in 30 to 75 fathoms were the only activities here. In the shallower hauls there were sand and gravel, but in the deep ones only gravel and mud. Point Cruces is much similar to Cape Marzo, at the tip of a southerly extending peninsula, with rocky islets offshore. It forms the western boundary of the Gulf of Cupica, extending 22 miles to Solano Point, but receding behind these points to form Cupica Bay to the north and Solano Bay to the south. Cupica Bay is 5% miles wide and extends northward 314 miles. The peninsula to the west of it serves as an excellent shelter, and the anchorage is a safe one. There are one shore station here, on the inside of the rocky point, and one electric light station. From Solano Point the coast line extends southward for 7 miles, to pass into another bight, extending 36 miles to Alusea Point. Fourteen miles from the north end of this bight there is a small fiordlike inlet, Port Utria, receding northward 3 miles, almost parallel to the coast. At the entrance it is but 14 mile wide, but farther in it may be twice that. It is separated to the westward from the open sea by a high, narrow peninsula, with two islets and some isolated rocks off its extremity. It forms a safe, well-protected anchorage. The shores of the peninsula and 166 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 the islets are rocky, but the eastern shore of the port is mainly a sandy beach, extending outward to form a sandspit. Back of the shore the eleva- tion increases rapidly; and, as this is well within the tropical rain-forest region, the hillsides are heavily wooded and the undergrowth is dense. Cocoanut palms, bananas, and papayas are grown in inhabited areas. Port Utria has provided the stage for much endeavor. Three visits have been made to it, and 28 stations have been established in the vicinity. The shore stations are on the rocky shores of both the peninsula and the islands, and here too there are plenty of coral masses. In dredging in 10-50 fathoms the hauls made at and outside the entrance, and in the deeper water off the islands, were in mud; but nearer shore, outside the islands, and the channels between the islands, there are sand, shell, and rock, and here the fauna in evidence is much richer. Sea urchins and cake urchins are plentiful. Black and green sea snakes are very abundant. The coast line from Alusea Point, 8 miles, to Cape Corrientes serves as the seaward face of a conspicuous, densely wooded promontory, with deep water coming close to shore. There is a 3-mile southern face to the promontory, east of which the coast turns north for a short distance to form the western shore of semicircular Cabita Bay, 34% miles wide and 114 miles deep. The high rocky coast ends with the peninsula, and the east shore is the beginning of a long stretch of low coast, with sandy beaches or mud flats and numerous estuaries. In the vicinity of Cabita Bay the jungle must reach nearly the maximum of impenetrability. The rocky shore of the peninsula and the sandy beach at the head of the bay have provided some specimens, but any attempts at dredging have been largely abortive. The bottom consists of such finely divided mud or silt that it has not enough consistency to trip the bottom-sampler. Possibly no other place explored offered such poor marine collecting. From Cabita Bay the coast passes directly southward and then slightly westward to Chirambira Point, on one of the islands in the delta of the San Juan River, 72 miles from Cape Corrientes. The main mouth of the river is 10 or 12 miles farther south. Directly west of the mouth of this river, 250 miles, is the 1-mile long, barren, high, perpendicular rock, Malpelo Island. There are three soli- tary rocks exposed north of the island, North Rocks, and five south of the island, South Rocks. The island is a pinnacle, 846 feet high, above water, that comes up from the bottom of what otherwise is a sea, mostly more than 1,000 fathoms in depth. A landing has been made on this island to do some shore collecting, but no attempt was made at dredging. NO.2 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 167 South of the mouth of the San Juan River, for a long way, the type of the coast line changes but little. It is 20 miles southeastward to Buena- ventura Bay, 80 miles southwest from this, 35 miles westward, and 32 miles south-southwest to the entrance of Ensenada Tumaco, which is 23 miles wide at the entrance. It is 18 miles southwest of this, and then 14 miles southeast to the boundary between Colombia and Ecuador. Ecuador Plates 89-92; Charts 89, 90 Lying 16 miles off the islands in the delta of the Sangnianga River, in the western trend of this part of the coast, is Gorgona island, 5 miles long north-northeast and south-southwest, and 114 miles wide, with three noticeable peaks, the highest 1,296 feet. In its ruggedness, in its lush vege- tation, and in its abundant precipitation, it bears some resemblance to Cocos Island. Just a quarter of a mile south of Gorgona is the smaller island, Gor- gonilla, about a mile in length, with a precipitous shore except for a palm- laden beach near its northwest point. La Roca, a saillike or shiplike rock, 114 miles south of Gorgonilla, is a conspicuous landmark that can be seen from the south for a long distance. Three calls have been made at Gorgona Island, and 24 collecting sta- tions established. The shore collecting has been largely confined to the north end and the east side, as far south as Watering Bay, some of it in the fresh-water stream there, mostly though on the rocks, and in the crevices and caves that abound around the northeast point. Coral masses are relatively abundant and easily obtained. For dredging, the east side of the island is not very good. The water deepens rapidly and the bottom is mostly mud, but not the silt variety near the mainland. Some mud brought up from 150 fathoms, northeast of the island, surely took the palm for real stickiness. North of the island, in rock and gravel, it is much better. Along the west side the water remains shallow much far- ther out, and in 30 fathoms or less the bottom is mostly shell. Sometimes the masses of shell are all dead and then the hauls are not so valuable. Farther south, toward Gorgonilla, the bottom is rocky, rough with corals, some of which may readily be seen in the clear, shallow water. In the channel between Gorgona and Gorgonilla the mud again appears. From the Colombia-Ecuador boundary the coast extends southward, 80 miles, to Galera Point. Here the nature of the coast line begins to 168 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 show a change, but it is a very gradual one. An occasional cliff or bluff appears to break the monotony of the low, level shore, but there are still many estuaries, deltas, and mud flats. Galera Point is the northwest point of a high, rocky promontory, ex- tending southward 11 miles to Cape San Francisco. It much resembles the promontory at Cape Corrientes, but the face is convex rather than concave. It is the most northerly of the westerly projecting points in Ecuador. Behind the cape there is a bay, San Francisco Bay, which is much similar to Cabita Bay. There is a northern projection—a narrower, shallower portion, runing farther inland. A small river, or stream, comes down to this portion, but at low tide is pretty well shut off from it by a sandbar. Near the mouth are clusters of graceful trees, outliers of the denser forests farther back. East of the mouth of the river is an extensive sand beach, behind which the native village of San Francisco is situated. Seining has been done in the mouth of the stream, and shore collecting on the rocky shore of the projecting peninsula. As in other places in this region, dredging in the mud is not effective. The only place to get worth- while material is in shallow water over the reef, where dredging is any- thing but a smooth procedure. From Cape San Francisco there is a wide bight, 65 miles, to Cape Pasado and then a less extensive one, 50 miles, to Cape San Lorenzo. The southern shore of the latter bight runs directly westward; and in it, 15 miles from Cape San Lorenzo, is the small indentation, Manta Bay, on which is located the town of Manta, the port for Montechristi, where the finest Panama hats are made. Coral masses have been collected in Manta Bay, and the rocky shores and the reefs have provided some mate- rial, but no dredging has been done in the vicinity. La Plata Island lies 16 miles southwest of Cape San Lorenzo. It is 3% miles long, northwest to southeast, and 114 miles wide. It reaches a height of 615 feet, and, in general, the shores are precipitous, although there is a somewhat more gentle slope in a ravine that passes down to a beach on the east shore. It is quite unlike Gorgona Island, since much of it is arid, although there is enough vegetation to support some cattle and numerous white goats. Shore collecting on the rocks and dredging in 10-15 fathoms near shore, and in 45-55 fathoms farther out, in mud, indicate the activities here. The shallow-water dredging is quite profit- able, but the deeper dredging is too reminiscent of the coastal areas im- mediately to the northward to be satisfactory. No.2 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 169 Directly south of Cape San Lorenzo, 33 miles, with a bight in the coast intervening, is a point off which Salango Island lies. ‘There is a bar between the island and the mainland, but there is good anchorage north- east of the island. The island is 2 miles in circumference, high and covered with luxuriant vegetation. There are four dredging stations in sand near the anchorage, but no shore stations. Thirty-eight miles south-southwest of Salango Island is Punta Santa Elena. There is a deep bight between, the southern portion of which forms Santa Elena Bay. Its eastern limit may be considered to be Centi- nella Point, 11 miles from Punta Santa Elena, and its depth is 3 miles. It is all shallow, with seldom more than 10 fathoms of water. Punta Santa Elena is the tip of an abrupt, bare hill, 424 feet high, abrupt toward the land as well as toward the sea, for the remainder of the shore is low. The village of Salinas is situated on the shore 2 miles east of the point, and La Libertad, the port of Santa Elena, 1 mile inland, is 4 miles farther east than Salinas. The shore has been explored off La Libertad, off Salinas, and along the open coast south of Punta Santa Elena. It is a suitable area for diving and dipping by electric light. Dredging in the open part of the bay, in sand, provides little; off Salinas it is somewhat better, but the real thrill comes in dredging in rough, rocky bottom at the entrance north of Punta Santa Elena, where almost every class of marine organism may be repre- sented in a single haul. Gorgonids, echinoderms, and mollusks are par- ticularly abundant. Mantas appeared to be more abundant off the point than anywhere else in the eastern tropical Pacific. Punta Santa Elena is the northwestern extremity extending south- westward, between Santa Elena Bay and the Gulf of Guayaquil. The southwestern shore between Punta Santa Elena and Cape Morrow, 58 miles, faces on the outer part of the gulf. The Gulf of Guayaquil is very large as gulfs and bays along the Pa- cific coast of South America go. The entrance from Punta Santa Elena, Ecuador, to Cape Blanco, Peru, is nearly 90 miles across, and from this entrance line to the mouth of the Guayas River it is over 100 miles. At the entrance to the inner part of the gulf, from Morro Point to Payana Point, it is still 36 miles wide. In the gulf there are several islands, the largest of which is Puna Island, 29 miles long and 8 to 13 miles wide, which lies to the southeastward of the peninsula already mentioned. There is one shore station just north of the eastern point of the island, 170 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS voL. 1 near the Village of Puna, where pilots are taken aboard by ships going up the river. ‘There are some small islands lying off Salinas Point, the southwest tip of Puna Island, the most conspicuous of which is Santa Clara Island, 12 miles out, near the center of the channel. It is surrounded by reefs and breakers. The lighthouse on the summit of the island, 256 feet high, and the light itself at night are visible for 22 miles out to sea. On more than one occasion the Velero III has gone across the gulf and up the River Guaymas 40 miles to Guayaquil, but these trips were side issues as far as marine collecting is concerned; so the route need not be considered here. ga Te NO. 2 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 . 156a . 156b 5 BYE ig. 158 Fig. Fig. 159 160 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC sya PLATE 69 The White Friars, Mexico, a series of guano-covered rocks located near Acapulco and the site of a tremendous bird rookery. (Photographed by Wm. R. Taylor.) Morro de Petatalan, a conspicuous headland along the Guerrero Coast of Mexico and principal landmark in locating the White Friars, a series of bird rocks from which this picture was taken. The birds are Brewster’s boobies. Chart 71, p. 405. PLATE 70 Fresh-water lagoon at Sihuatenejo, Mexico, in which several species of fish were netted by the expedition of 1931. Chart 71, p. 405, Station 3. PLATE 71 View of Acapulco Harbor, Mexico, showing Velero III in the center and U.S.S. Wright at anchor to the left. Chart 15, p. 373. Narrow entrance to the landlocked harbor of Acapulco, Mexico. PLATE 72 The harbor at Acapulco, Mexico, viewed from a promontory on the north side of the bay. The old fortress may be seen at the end of the peninsula in the middle distance. The city has built up considerably since the picture was taken in 1932. Chart 15, p. 373. Salina Cruz, located on the Gulf of Tehuantepec opposite the narrowest point of the Mexican Isthmus, and Pacific terminus of the shortest rail- road across Mexico. Chart 15, p. 373. PLATE 73 Tangola Tangola Bay, Mexico, showing the sand beach and _ rock shingle on which marine collecting was accomplished. The bay is lo- cated at the northern limit of the Gulf of Tehuantepec. (Photograph by Wm. R. Taylor.) Chart 73, p. 405. q Chacahua Bay, Mexico, looking across the estuary of the lagoon toward the rocky promontory which provides such shelter as the bay affords. (Photograph by Wm. R. Taylor.) Chacahua Bay, Mexico, seen from the southeast. The conspicuous head at the left is Pt. Galero, elevation 190 feet. The lagoon entrance lies immediately to its right. Chart 72, p. 405. PLATE 74 These spectacular sea stacks occur off the northwest end of Clarion Island and are the remnants of a former continuation of the bluff to the right in a westerly direction. The largest is Monument Rock. Chart 47, D595: Braithwaite Bay, Socorro Island, as seen from the deck of Velero III. Mt. Everman, elevation 3,707 feet, is seen in the right background. Chart 46, p. 395. PLATE 75 The coral sand beach at Sulphur Bay, Clarion Island, Mexico, where Hancock Expedition members landed on the rocky spit shown at the left of the picture. Plant growth consists principally of cactus, although a few low trees offer nesting sites to birds. Chart 47, p. 395. Clipperton Island, only coral atoll in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. A 65-foot rock resembling a ship rises from the shallow lagoon. A few coconut trees are the only life visible. Chart 14, p. 372. 172 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS voL. 1 PLATE 76 View of the volcano Viejo or Chinandega, elevation over 5,000 feet, located 17 miles from the city of Corinto, Nicaragua. The fringe of mangroves is characteristic of the Central American shore line of Guate- mala, Nicaragua, and San Salvador. Port Parker, Costa Rica, presents a barren aspect in the dry season. A further touch of desolation is added by the black patches which repre- sent burned areas. Numerous brush fires were raging at the time of the visit of the Hancock Expedition of 1939. Port Parker, Costa Rica, located well within the zone of Papagayos, or windstorms. Velero III scientists worked in the lee of the small island, which is one of a series of stacks joined to the north shore of the bay. PLATE 77 The beach at Gulf of Dulce, Costa Rica, showing lava reefs which make surf landing perilous. The dense jungle contains a few trees of notable height. Chart 77, p. 407. Expedition members shown accoutered for field work in photography, mammalogy, herpetology, and botany, and marine zoologists already at work on the volcanic rock shingle which juts into the Gulf of Dulce, Costa Rica, at Matapalo Head. PLATE 78 Lava rocks extending into the surf at Matapalo Head, Gulf of Dulce, Costa Rica. (Photograph by Wm. R. Taylor.) Precipitous shore of Cocos Island, Costa Rica. The island affords but two landing places, Chatham Bay and Wafer Bay. Except for the water courses, which are the natural highways throughout the island, the interior is difficult of access. Chart 78, p. 408. PLATE 79 Fresh-water stream at Wafer Bay, Cocos Island, Costa Rica. It was here that seine hauls were made for fishes occurring in the brackish water resulting from the mixture of salt and fresh water with the in- coming tide. Shacks of treasure-seekers are located to the right of the picture. (Photograph by W. L. Schmitt.) The surf at Chatham Bay, Cocos Island, Costa Rica, showing Nuez Island in the right background. PLATE 80 Nuez Island, a satellite of larger Cocos Island, Costa Rica. Both are covered with dense tropical vegetation of a brilliant green color. The picture is taken from the deck of Velero IJI anchored in Chatham Bay. Estuary at Puerto Culebra, Costa Rica, showing punt used to negotiate the narrow channels, often overgrown with mangrove thickets. Chart 76, p. 407. PLATE 81 Puerto Culebra, Costa Rica, seen from behind a dense growth of colum- nar cacti. Skiff among coral heads exposed at an especially low tide on one of the islands of the Secas group, Panama, a favorite collecting ground for Velero III parties. Chart 79, p. 408. PLATE 69 Fig. 148 The White Friars, Mexico Fig. 149 Morro de Petatlan, Mexico Puate 70 Fig. 150 Lagoon at Sihuatenejo, Mexico | | | i Fig. 151 Acapulco, Mexico, harbor Fig. 152 Acapulco, Mexico, harbor PLATE 71 PLATE 72 54 + DM alina Cruz, Mexico a PiLateE 73 Fig. 155 Tangola Tangola, Mexico Fig. 156a Chacahua, Mexico, lagoon entrance Fig. 156b Chacahua Bay PuatE 74 4 Fig. 157 Clarion Island, Mexico Fig. 158 Braithwaite Bay, Socorro Island, Mexico Puate 75 ie we Fig. 159 Clarion Island, Sulphur Bay Fig. 160 Clipperton Island PLATE 76 Fig. 162 Port Parker, Costa Rica PuatTEe 77 . Fig . 164 Gulf of Dulce, Costa Rica ~ Fig. 165 Gulf of Dulce, Costa Rica Pirate 78 Fig. 166 Gulf of Dulce, Costa Rica Fig. 167 Cocos Island, Costa Rica Fig. 168 Wafer Bay, Cocos Island, Costa Rica Fig. 169 Chatham Bay, Cocos Island, Costa Rica PiaTE 80 Fig. 1 F NP - TEBE GRES ig. 171 Puerto Culebra, Costa Rica wh ate 4 ; = ==> : 70 Nuez Island and Cocos Island, Costa Rica = PLATE 81 Fig. 172 Puerto Culebra, Costa Rica Fig. 173 Secas Islands, Panama, coral heads PLATE 82 aS BS s We ree Ane Ree Di ee Fig. 175 Bahia Honda, P PLate 83 Fig. 176a Panama, Jicarita Island Fig. 177 Panama, Taboga PLATE 84 Fig. 178 Panama City, Panama Fig. 179 Balboa, Canal Zone Puate 85 Fig. 180 Gatun Lake from Barro Colorado Island i 2 = as _——.—— 25 = = a -* ee —_ — a ere eae = > — = SRS a ee Ee Fig. 181 Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone BIquioO “9D ‘purysy opadyey (09/2q) +81 “31a vureued ‘Avg seulg (7/414) 81 Sty eueurdg ‘Avg seurq (7/27) 781 old PLATE 86 ee a ‘4 Fig. 186 Port Utria, Colombia PLATE 87 PLaTE 88 BIQUIOJOD ‘puR[S] BUOSIOH sgt ‘Sly BIqUIO[OD ‘puL[sy BUOSION /gT ‘SIy PLaTE 89 Fig. 189 Village, Cape San Francisco, Ecuador See eee e Te reba Fig. 190 Lagoon, Cape San Francisco, Ecuador Pruates 90, 91 Fig. 191 Panorama, Punta Brava, Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador ST oe Fig. 192 La Plata Island, Ecuador Arnona Fig. 193 La Libertad, Ecuador Prates 90, 91 Fig. 191 Panorama, Punta Brava, Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador Fig. 19 7) Fig. 192 La Plata Island, Ecuador — : 3 La Libertad, Ecuador PLATE 92 Fig. 195 Guayaquil, Ecuador Fig. 194 Manta, Ecuador Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 176 a,b 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 197 PLATE 82 The spacious harbor of Bahia Honda, Panama, seen from a slight ele- vation on the mainland in the northeast portion of the bay. The village lies on an island to the left, and is not shown in the picture. Native huts on the north shore of Bahia Honda, Panama, the homes of Panamanian fishermen. Collecting of marine invertebrates, particularly crustaceans, was accomplished in a small-rock shingle at the far end of the beach. Chart 80, p. 409. PLATE 83 Two views of the exposed reef which extends for a mile or more along the shores of Jicarita Island, Panama, and probably represents an up- lifted shore line. Jicarita Island is much smaller than, and is situated south of Jicaron Island. Chart 81, p. 409. (Photographs by Wm. R. Taylor.) The village on Taboga Island, Panama, is not large, but it commands directly the Pacific approach to the Panama Canal. Dredging in the vicinity of Taboga Island was the only offshore operation carried on by the Velero III within the Bay of Panama. Chart 82, p. 410. PLATE 84 Water front at Panama City, Panama, taken from near the president’s palace. The small boats in the foreground are fishing vessels and fruit boats which bring their produce to the market in the early morning hours. Chart 82, p. 410. The Velero III alongside the dock in Balboa, Canal Zone. Vessels mak- ing the transit of the Canal pass up the channel directly astern. The clear spaces shown on the hills in the background represent recently burned-over areas. Chart 82, p. 410. PLATE 85 Gatun Lake in the Canal Zone seen from the head of the stairway lead- ing to the Barro Colorado Island laboratories. The route of the canal crosses the picture from left to right about a mile beyond the small island in the center of the picture. (Photograph by W. L. Schmitt.) The New York Zoological Society’s Laboratory of Tropical Research is located on Barro Colorado Island in the Canal Zone. The laboratory is reached by crossing Gatun Lake from the Frijoles Railroad Station on the Trans-Isthmian Railroad. The principal laboratory building is shown at the head of the stairway. (Photograph by W. L. Schmitt.) PLATE 86 Stream behind village at Pifias Bay, Panama, showing dense growth of tropical jungle. Chart 82, p. 410. A glimpse of Panamanian shore line at Pifias Bay. The promontory which forms the southern boundary of the bay is shown beyond the figures of the native boys, who in turn are standing beside a large mortar used in grinding flour. The island of Malpelo, Colombia, a solid mass of granite rising from the deep floor of the Bay of Panama. Here Hancock Expedition parties secured examples of the rare lizard, Diploglossus hancocki, and of the abundant land crab, Gecarcinus malpelensis. It is desired to make a special acknowledgment to Dr. John S. Garth for his contribution of photographs used in the following figures: 82, 83, 87, 93, 97, 98, 104, 105, 106, 117, 120, 123, 124, 125, 133, 134, 139, 140, 141, 146, 147a, 149, 152, 157, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 182, 183, 187, 188, 195, 196, 197, 202, 204, 210, 214, 240, 242, 247, 248, 249, 257, 258. 198 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 185 186 LS . 188 189 190 ig. 191 Fig. Fig. Fig. 192 193 194 ig. 195 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 1 PLATE 87 The entrance to Port Utria, Colombia, is narrow, but deep. Hills are clothed with the luxuriant foliage of the tropical rain forest which ex- tends to the water’s edge. The few sand beaches are backed with groves of coconut palms beneath which are located native dwellings. Chart 85, p. 411. Beneath the roots of the coconut palm trees at Port Utria, Colombia, were found giant burrowing land crabs, while the forest in the interior abounded with tropical birds and butterflies. Rainfall in this region is almost incessant. Chart 85, p. 411. PLATE 88 Sea arch located at the north end of Gorgona Island, Colombia. It is one of a series of sea stacks composed of basaltic lava. Chart 87, p. 412. Rocky beach at Gorgona Island, Colombia, overgrown with dense tropical foliage. Chart 87, p. 412. PLATE 89 The village of Cape San Francisco, Ecuador, as little touched by civili- zation as any visited by the Velero III. Elevation of the bamboo and thatched houses to the second-story level is practiced in view of the abundant rainfall and consequent rapid runoff from the hillsides above in rainy periods. The lagoon at Cape San Francisco communicates with the sea by a narrow estuary which is navigable to small craft at high tide. Ecua- dorian fishermen sail their tiny fishing vessels into the lagoon and beach them during stormy weather. Chart 88, p. 412. PLATES 90, 91 (A panorama.) Punta Brava, most westerly promontory of the Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador. Several ancient shore lines are seen on the promontories in the background. The reef in the foreground was an exceedingly profitable collecting locality for the marine zoologists. (Photographs by W. L. Schmitt.) Hancock Expedition members launching a native canoe through the surf at La Plata Island, Ecuador. Chart 90, p. 412. La Libertad, Ecuador, seaport of the Santa Elena Peninsula, at which ocean-going tankers take on oil from refineries located across the penin- sula at Ancon. Native dwellings are constructed of bamboo and thatch and are invariably elevated. Chart 89, p. 412. PLATE 92 Manta, Ecuador, a thriving seaport town of the province of Manibi. Houses are made for the most part of bamboo, which is known locally as Guayaquil cane. Cathedral spires dominate the landscape. Chart 90, p. 412. The city of Guayaquil, located on the Guayas River about 40 miles from its mouth. It is the largest city in Ecuador, and from it a railroad leads to Quito, the capital, 300 miles inland and 9,000 feet high. NO.2 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 199 Peru Plates 93-104; Charts 91-97 From Payana Point outward the south-southeastern shore forms the coast line of Peru. Fifteen or 16 miles from Payana Point the appearance of the coastal landscape changes very materially. ‘The rich, green vegeta- tion of the shores of the inner gulf and the north shore almost ceases. What there is, is low and scattered. It is 66 miles from Malpelo Point to Cape Blanco. There is one shore station 24 miles southwest of Malpelo Point and 9 miles from Zorritos Light. South of Cape Blanco, 25 miles, is Parinas Point, the most westerly point of South America. The intervening coast is made up of two small bights, with Lobos Point between. Here and far south along the coast from here are numerous small bays that serve as anchorages for the many oil towns and villages on or near the coast. From Parinas Point the coast stretches southwestward to Port Paita and westward again a short distance to Paita Point, 27 miles from Pari- nas Point. Paita Point is the northwest extremity of a 10-mile peninsula with Foca Point at the southwest extremity. Most of these points along this part of the coast form cliffs, often sandy, or bluffs higher than the coast and extending inland. From Foca Point the trend of the coast for 30 miles is southeast to the entrance of a semicircular bay, Sechura Bay, 12 miles across the en- trance to Pizura Point; or the whole indentation from Foca Point to Pizura Point may be called Sechura Bay. There are two dredging stations in the bay, both in 10 fathoms or less in sand and broken shell, the one 18 miles southeast of Foca Point and the other 10 miles northeast of Pizura Point. Ten miles south of Pizura Point, where the oil fields are left behind, is Aguja Point, from which the coast line forms a regular convexity facing south for about 15 miles and then forms a regular, low-lying coast extending to the southeastward to Eten Head. Thirty-three miles south- east of Aguja Point and 9 miles offshore is Lobos de Tierra Island, 5% miles long from north to south and 14 to 2 miles wide, with numerous islets and shoals offshore. The greatest height is 325 feet. South and somewhat east of this, 28 miles, and 50 miles directly west of Eten Head are the Lobos de Afuera. There are two islands close to- gether and several islets. They are barren, covered with guano, the most northerly of the “Bird Islands of Peru.’”’ Much of the shore is inacces- sible, but there is anchorage in a bay to the northwest and in one to the 200 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 southeast. The birds here are the main attraction, but some shore collect- ing and dredging in shallow water and rock in both north and south bays have been done. For more than 100 miles in a south-southeasterly trend, from Eten Head to Huafiape Hill, the coast line might be described as wavy, as there are no prominent points and no deep recessions. The coast is low, mostly with a sand beach, but this is occasionally broken by sand cliffs. Six miles west of south from the point that projects from Huafiape Hill are the Huafape Islands, two of them, with some outlying islets and rocks. The islands are small but are high and rocky. Some collections have been made along the rocky shore by making use of a skiff. With the exception of 30 miles of coast, 45 miles from Huanape Hill, where there are several definite indentations, separated by project- ing points, the coast south of Huafiape Hill, for 135 miles, to Salinas Promontory is much the same in nature and trend as that north of the Hill. Salinas Promontory projects directly westward. It is 6 miles wide at the face, between Bajas Point to the north and Salinas Point to the west. Eastward of Bajas Point is the fair-sized Salinas Bay. Huara Islands, a chain of small islets, lie 14 miles to the southwest. From Salinas Point there is a 53-mile sweep of the coast, southwest- ward, southward, and finally westward to Callao Point, off which is the island, San Lorenzo, which forms the southwest boundary of Callao Bay, the entrance of which extends 11 miles from Cape San Lorenzo, the northern tip of the island, to Bernal Point on the mainland to the north- east. Callao, the principal Peruvian port, 8 miles from Lima, the capital city, is situated at the head of the bay, facing the northwest. Callao Point projects a mile or so from the mainland; it is narrow, and the connection with the mainland is but 200 yards wide. From the point a shoal, Camotal Bank, extends westward for 134 miles, narrowing the real channel between the Bank and San Lorenzo Island, the Bo- queron, to little more than half a mile. From the east shore of the bay, just north of Callao, at the mouth of the River Rimac, is another large bank, extending a mile seaward. Except for these banks the bay is free of dangers. San Lorenzo Island, 4% miles long, northwest to southeast, and 1 mile wide, with 1,220 feet as the greatest elevation, is separated from Callao Point by the Boqueron. There are several islands, islets, and rocks offshore, particularly off the south end. The largest of these is Fronton No.2 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 201 Island, 34 mile long and slightly more than 144 mile wide. A bank from the main island extends around Fronton Island, as it does around some of the other small islands. There is a shore station on the breakwater at Callao, but in this vi- cinity all the dredging has been done around Fronton Island and the adjacent portion of San Lorenzo Island. West of Callao Bay, 37 miles from Bernal Point, is a small cluster of rocks, Hormigas de Afuera, guano covered and without vegetation. Here are two dredging stations, in 45 fathoms, mud and shell. From Callao Point the coast line continues in the same general di- rection for 120 miles and then swings westward, 10 miles, to Paracas Point, with a southward indentation east of the point to form Paracas Bay, so that the Paracas Peninsula is cut nearly halfway through at the base. The peninsula is 7 miles wide at the face between Point Paracas and Point Huacas. North of the peninsula, 10 miles, are the three small Chincha Islands, North, Middle, and South islands. The South Island is the smallest, and the Middle Island is but slightly smaller than the North Island. These islands are most definitely the ‘Bird Islands of Peru.” So much guano has been exported that the height of the islands has materially decreased. Here again, the birds have been the big attraction, but there have been some shore collecting and considerable dredging. In shallow water, in sand, shell, and rock, fair results have been obtained, but in the deeper water, in mud, there is little but hosts of nematodes. From Point Huacas the coast trends to the southeast and south, 20 miles, to Carretas Head, which extends southward to shut off the nor- thern part of Independencia Bay. This large bay is 15 miles long, but is narrowed to 10 miles at the entrance between Carretas Head and Que- mado Point. It is largely shut off from the open sea in its southern por- tion by the islands Viejas and Santa Rosa, but there is a wide channel, Trujillana Channel, between Viejas Island and Carretas Head. Here the water is much deeper than in most of the bay itself, where it is seldom more than 20 fathoms. There are shore stations in rock and in sand on the mainland side of the bay south of Tungo Village and on the rocky shore on the east side of the island. Lobster traps have been set and dipping has been effective. There have been about 20 dredging stations off Tungo Village and south of this, east of Viejas Island, in the middle of the bay, in the central and southern portions, and in Trujillana Channel. In the shallow water in 202 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 sand, shell, and rock results have been good, but in the mud it is mainly nematodes again. Seventy-two miles southeast of Quemado Point is Beware (Santa Ana) Point, at the northwestern entrance to Port San Nicolas, a bay 9 miles wide at the entrance, between Beware Point and San Nicolas (Harmless) Point. This latter point projects sufficiently to form a semi- circular bay, 2 miles wide, that forms the southeastern extension of the larger bay. There are one shore station on the rocks near Point San Nico- las and one dredging station about 34 mile east of this, near the south shore of the bay, in 10-25 fathoms, mud. Southeast of San Nicolas Point is another indentation similar to that north of it, the southern extension, in particular, being similar. This is Port San Juan. The southwest point is San Juan Point, 8 miles southeast of Point San Nicolas. There are two shore stations on the rocks on the south shore of the bay, 2 dipping stations with electric light, and several dredging stations in the southern part of the bay and off Point San Juan, 10-45 fathoms, in sand, shell, rock, and mud. Port San Juan is the southern limit of the Velero III exploration. NO. 2 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 . 206 . 207 FRASER : SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 203 PLATE 93 (A panorama.) An extensive view of the seaward side of Lobos de Afuera Islands, Peru, showing the lighthouse at the extreme left and a cove in which landings may be made in calm weather only. The nest- ing birds are pelicans. (A panorama.) Pelican rookery at Lobos de Afuera Islands, Peru. These are the northernmost of Peru’s guano islands and are notable for the total absence of the white-breasted cormorant which occurs so abund- antly on the more southerly islands. Chart 92, p. 413; Chart 93, p. 414. PLATE 94 The landing place at Lobos de Afuera Islands, Peru, a deep and quiet cove in which live the lighthouse keeper and the guardian of the island, representatives of the Peruvian Guano Administration. Chart 92 p. 413. The principal rookery at Lobos de Afuera contains about 200,000 of the Peruvian pelican. Most of the adult birds were at sea fishing at the time this picture was taken. Chart 92, p. 413. PLATE 95 The island of Huafiape, most productive guano island with possible ex- ception of the Chinchas group. Over 3,000,000 guanayes, or cormorants, nest on the slopes of this island. Young guanayes just learning to swim may be seen in the lower right-hand corner. Landing place at Huafiape Island, Peru. The considerable rise and fall of the tide makes necessary the rope ladder and the extensible wooden stairway. A small army of several thousand workers descend upon the island every three years and shovel off the accumulated bird excrement. PLATE 96 (A panorama.) A portion of a rookery of over 3,000,000 white-breasted cormorants nesting on the island of Huafiape, Peru. Terraces have been built to afford a maximum of level nesting territory. The seaward shore of Mazorca Island is precipitous and rocky. Every available nesting site is occupied by a pair of piqueros, or boobies, but because of the inaccessibility of the nesting sites their guano cannot be reclaimed. PLATE 97 Mazorca Island, Peru, seen from the deck of the Velero JII. Officials of the Guano Administration are about to greet the Expedition and invite its scientists ashore. The Island of Mazorca, basaltic monolith surmounted by a lighthouse and radio station. The buildings in the foreground are occupied by workers of the Peruvian Guano Administration and are reached by means of the hanging ladders. PLATE 98 The water front at Callao, Peru, showing small fishing vessels which can be propelled either by oar or by sail. Large ocean-going vessels tie up at Callao wharves, some of which may be seen at the left back- ground. The Peruvian coast line south of Callao, marked by sea stacks in various stages of disintegration as represented by the flattened islands at the left, the peninsula in the center, and the outlying rocks, Chart 94, p. 414. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. . 208 . 209 . 210 . 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 1 PLATE 99 The ruins at Pachacamac, visited by hundreds of tourists annually and included in the itinerary of a party from the Velero III at the time of 1938 cruise to Lima, Peru. Expedition photographer surrounded by white-breasted cormorants at Chinchas Islands, Peru. Elevation of Middle Chinchas is said to have been lowered over 100 feet in the removing of its crown of solid guano. PLATE 100 (A panorama.) The north island of the Ballestas group, Peru, taken from near the summit of the south island. The Velero III may be dimly seen immediately above a large patch of nesting birds located over the sea cave which is a prominent feature of the middle island. The Ballestas Islands, among the most eroded of the Peruvian guano islands. They support guanayes and piqueros in about equal numbers, the guanayes preferring the more level, the piqueros the more sloping, localities as shown on the promontory to the right. In the distance rises the cloud-enveloped summit of the island of San Gallan. PLATE 101 From the summit of Mazorca Island a magnificent panorama of ocean, rocky shore, and mist-filled valleys unfolds, the Peruvian Andes serv- ing as a backdrop. The birds in the immediate foreground are piqueros, those on the lower slopes guanayes, or white-breasted cormorants. View of Independencia Bay, Peru, taken from the east side of Vieja Island, looking south. The Humboldt penguin burrows into the recent conglomerate stratum of the beach in the foreground. In the left back- ground is the Peruvian mainland. Chart 96, p. 415. PLATES 102, 103 (A panorama.) A view of the peninsula which forms the southern boundary of San Juan Bay, Peru, southernmost locality visited by the Velero III. The Peruvian sea lion inhabits the rocky coves shown at the right of the picture, the Andean condor flying above the precipitous bluffs. Chart 97, p. 416. Rugged coast encountered off San Juan Bay, Peru, showing rookeries of the Peruvian sea lion, and large beds of kelp. The rocks in the distance make navigation exceedingly hazardous. San Juan Bay, Peru, most southerly point visited by the Allan Hancock Expeditions. The Expedition launch is about to land at a seal hunters’ camp. A desolate portion of the Peru coast line is shown on the other side of the bay. PLATE 104 View of Viejas Island, Peru, looking across the southern channel of Independencia Bay from Santa Rosa Islands. The Santa Rosa Islands are a much eroded, uplifted plain, the summit of which affords nest- ing sites for thousands of white-breasted cormorants. Chart 96, p. 415. The various islands of the Santa Rosa group are connected by sus- pension bridges which greatly facilitate the work of the guano har- vesters. The islands are the remnants of an uplifted, wave-cut bench. The Santa Rosa Islands, located at the southern end of Independencia Bay, Peru, and devoted exclusively to the culture of the guanaye or cormorant. Across the channel may be seen the southern end of Viejas Island, the summit of which is shrouded in mist. PLATE 93 at Soy i Se a ee Arayoor uvoryad ‘niag ‘spurjsy : “ Blanyy ap soqgoy (74/14) L6l ‘Sq niog , ‘spue|s] Bianyy ap soqoy 96] ‘SIy PLATE 94 Figs. 198, 199 Lobos de Afuera Islands, Peru, landing and rookery PLATE Fig. 200 Huamnape Island, Peru Fig. 201 Huanape Island, Peru, landing 2/3) PLATE 96 Fig. 202 Panorama, Huafape Island, Peru Fig. 203 Mazorca Island, Peru, rookery and piqueros PLATE 97 Fig. 204 Mazorca Island, Peru Fig. 205 Mazorca Island, Peru PLATE 98 at fn te Peon Spay} P + Fig. 206 Callao, Peru, waterfront Fig. 207 Peruvian coastline south of Callao Fig. 208 Pachacamac, Peru, ruins Fig. 209 Chinchas Islands, Peru PLATE 99 Pirate 100 Fig. 211 Ballestas Islands, Peru PLATE 101 7 d Islands, Peru Fig. 213 Independencia Bay, Peru Priates 102, 103 Fig. 214 Panorama, San Juan Bay, Peru Fig. 215 San Juan Bay, Peru, sea lion rookery Fig. 216 San Juan Bay, Peru, sea lion hunters’ camp | Piates 102, 103 Fig. 214 Panorama, San Juan Bay, Peru I 1g. 215 San Juan Bay I eru ea lion rookery i ¢ , ¢ am , > s J £ 216 San Juan Bay Pert sea lio 1unte Cz 1p PiLate 104 Figs. 217, 218 Santa Rosa Islands; 219 Vieja Island from Santa Rosa Islands, Peru NO.2 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 217 The Galapagos Islands Plates 105-128; Charts 98-115 Apart from Culpepper and Wenman islands, which are outliers to the northwest, the Galapagos Islands form quite a compact archipelago, 600 miles from the coast of Ecuador, lying between 0° 40’ North and 1° 30’ South, and between 89° 15’ West and 91° 45’ West. Nearly all the large islands have Spanish as well as English names; one of them has two Spanish names and one English. The main islands are arranged in three crescents lying in the same general direction. There is a northern crescent, with which Culpepper and Wenman may be included, consisting of Abingdon (Pinta), Bindloe (Marchena), and Tower; a central crescent, including the part of Albe- marle (Isabela) north of Perry Isthmus, James (San Salvador), Inde- fatigable (Santa Cruz), Barrington (Santa Fe), and Chatham (San Cristobal) ; and a southern crescent, consisting of Narborough (Fernan-: dina), the southern portion of Albemarle, Charles (Floreana or Santa Maria), and Hood (Espafiola). The several small islands are usually adjacent to the larger ones. All the islands are volcanic in origin, and some of them still show signs of activity or have been active recently. All the larger islands have the same general appearance. Each has one or more volcanic cones, the highest of them up to 5,000 feet. The coastal areas and lower portions of the slopes are dry and barren, the naked lava flows showing, or with more or less complete covering of cactus and prickly or spiny shrubbery, with leaves small or absent, practically devoid of green coloration. Far- ther up the slopes there may be some moisture or even an occasional spring, while the mountain tops themselves are often beclouded or be- fogged, and so get a share of moisture. In these higher areas the vegeta- tion gets a better chance, and sugar cane, vegetables, and certain fruits, such as bananas and papayas, do very well. The soil formed from the eroded lava is evidently fertile when water is available. Several of the islands have been inhabited at various times, and some of them are inhabited at present. In ordinary years conditions for a com- fortable life in certain locations are quite favorable, but in an unusually dry year existence may become precarious. At various times horses, donkeys, cattle, and goats have been taken to the islands, and there are still many of them which have gone wild. On some of the islands the goats, in particular, seem to have thrived to the detriment of other stock and indigenous animals that require the same 218 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 type of food. The abundance of fish in the near-by seas is possibly the greatest attraction nowadays. Culpepper Island, 1° 39’ North, 91° 49’ West, marks the north- western limit of the Galapagos Archipelago. It is a small island, 2 miles long, with the greatest elevation 550 feet. It is reported to be quite in- accessible. The Velero III has not visited the island, but passed it, in plain sight, about 10 miles to the westward. Wenman Island is 20 miles south and east of Culpepper, almost equi- distant, 75 miles, from Albemarle and Abingdon islands. It is really a group of three islands, but appears as one even at no great distance. The main island is precipitous, 830 feet high, with a flat top. Although vol- canic, the main island appearing to be about half the cone of a large vol- cano, the rock appears to be laid down in uniform layers, probably formed from successive flows. Although the gaps between the separate islands give some degree of shelter, there is no suitable anchorage. A shore station on the ledges of rock provided much good material, and birds, marine iguanas, lizards, etc., are plentiful. Dredging opposite the channel between the large island and the smaller island to the north of it, in 100-150 fathoms, in nullipores and worm-tubes, gave good re- sults, although the dead material was large as compared with the living material. Abingdon Island, the northwestern island of the three main islands of the northern crescent, is 614 miles long, north and south, 5 miles wide, 1,950 feet high. The shores are precipitous, but in some places there is a sea-level ledge at the foot of the precipice. There are numerous rocks or rocky islets lying offshore. The only reasonable anchorage is 114 miles north of Cape Chalmers (the southwestern extremity) on the west side of the island. There is a shore station near this anchorage. Bindloe Island is of much the same type as Abingdon, 8 miles long, northwest to southeast, and 5 miles wide, but with greatest height only 500 feet. It lies 1314 miles to the southeast of Abingdon Island. Here also the best protection is to the southwest of the island. There are one shore station on the rocks and two dredging stations in shallow water, in sand and rock, and a greater number of tangle stations in water up to 20 fathoms, rock. Tower Island, 27 miles east of Bindloe, is a smaller island, 4 miles long, east and west, and 3 miles wide, not much like the other two. It is low (100 feet) and is far from being as rugged. Its most characteristic feature is Darwin Bay, a break in the south shore near the east end of NO.2 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 219 the island, 14 mile wide at the entrance, but 114 miles wide farther in and nearly circular, with the water deepening rapidly from all the shore and becoming very deep. Most of the shore is rocky, but there is a beach on the north side of the bay. There are a small pond near the beach and a much larger one, apparently filling, or partly filling, an old crater, about a mile north of the north shore of the bay. There are shore stations on the rocks, in the sand, at the shore lagoon and the crater lagoon, several for collecting coral masses, for diving, and for dipping under the electric light; and there are dredging stations in sand, rock, and coral, from 5 to 70 fathoms. In 1933 the Velero III rediscovered the Galapagos Fur Seal at Tower Island. Sea lions are common here as well as at many of the other islands. Narborough Island really belongs to the southern crescent; but, as it faces the concavity of Albemarle and is but 3 miles from it in the north- ern portion, it may well be taken here. It is almost the same in length and breadth, 16 or 17 miles, and it has but one large volcanic cone, 4,320 feet, not far from the center of the island. ‘The slopes are quite steep in the upper portion, but more gradual in the portion toward the sea, so that a large part of the island is comparatively low. There has been violent ac- tivity on this island more recently than on any of the others, as recently as 1926. The lava flows to the east, southeast, and south of the main cone seem so fresh that they might have just cooled. There are numerous indentations along the northeast shore of the island, almost, or entirely, shut off to form salt-water lagoons, some of which are much filled with mangroves. Sea lions and turtles are partial to these lagoons. The marine iguanas are numerous along this shore. The shore and land birds are plentiful but are not different from those on the other islands. One shore station is made to include collecting along the ragged rocks, in the tide pools, in the lagoons, and among the mangroves. Albemarle Island is the largest in the archipelago, and in some re- spects the most interesting. It is shaped somewhat like a sock, with the foot a little broader than the leg. While the greacest length from north to south is about 75 miles, the leg, measured from the top to the heel, northwest to southeast, is 65 miles; and the foot, from the heel to the toe, northeast to southwest, is 45 miles. The greatest width of the leg is 18 miles, and of the foot 22 miles. Where the leg joins the foot, there is a strong constriction, Perry Isthmus, to a width of 5 miles, from Elizabeth Bay on the west coast to Cartago Bay on the east coast. 220 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. l Perhaps no other area in the world, at least within easy reach, equals Albemarle Island as a demonstration of the various phases of volcanism. The other islands give some good illustrations, but, in this respect, Albe- marle stands supreme. It consists, in the main, of five large volcanoes, or volcanic cones: three in the leg, 4,000, 4,000, and 3,780 feet; and two in the foot, 4,230 and 5,000 feet. Perry Isthmus is of low altitude, but the other valleys are much higher. Some of these cones are still active, but not violently so. In many places the lava flows are still exposed from the crater rims down to the sea. On all slopes of the large cones there are innumerable cones and craters of all sizes. They are most pronounced on the north- western slope of the northern volcano and on the western slope of the most southwesterly one. Adjacent to the sea, on the northwestern part of the island, many of the craters are incomplete, the seaward portion miss- ing. Probably by some catastrophic action after the cones were formed, great portions, sometimes as much as half the cone, were split off, leaving a vertical section exposed. When the section is directly through the blow- hole, it may give a perfect demonstration of the way in which the cone was built up, layer after layer in such noticeable stratification that it appears to be diagrammatic. When a large crater is exposed, it may show secondary or even tertiary cones within the crater. The northeastern slope is much more gradual, down to Albemarle Point, the northeastern point of the island. This is true also of the south- eastern slope. The western slope of the southwestern cone, extending down to Cape Christopher, has so many cones, crowded and interspersed, that the ap- pearance is fantastic in the extreme. It would be impossible to count these cones except from the air, and even then there are so many secondary and tertiary cones, some of them rather small, that it would be a difficult mat- ter. Apparently most of the cones have been formed from the fluid or semifluid lava, as there appear to be few, if any, ash or cinder cones. Because of all this seismic activity it is quite impossible to give in a few words any general description of the shores of such a large island. A large proportion of it is raggedly rugged, but it may be high or low. It is so rugged and so much of it is exposed so directly to the heavy surf, the Cape Christopher area, for example, that it is unsafe to try to make shore under any circumstances. There are numerous reefs and rocky ledges, but few sandy beaches. There is one small one south of Albemarle Point, at the northeast corner of the island, and some small ones in Cartago Bay, but here the mangrove has spread out so much that there is little of them NO.2 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 221 exposed. There is a bay at each end of Perry Isthmus, Elizabeth Bay to the west and Cartago Bay to the east, and a bay on the west coast, Banks Bay, just south of Cape Berkeley, the northwest point of the island. There is no very safe anchorage in any of these; but there is one in Tagus Cove—a small, funnel-shaped inlet, shut off from the open sea by the north end of Narborough Island. There are several small islands near the coast, the most noticeable being Redondo Rock, 14 miles off the north shore; White Rock, white with guano, off the entrance to Cartago Bay; and Crossman Islets and Tortuga Island, off the southeast convexity of the island. Near the head of Tagus Cove there is a saline lake in an old crater. There are many collecting stations on or near Albemarle Island. Near the northeast point of the island, Albemarle Point, there has been col- lecting along the rough, rocky shore, in the tide pools, and among the mangroves in the small lagoon. There are an abundance of birds, some marine iguanas, and sea lions. One attempt at dredging in the shallow water was not much of a success. South of Cape Berkeley, at the northern entrance to Banks Bay, the rocky shore has been explored, and again at Black Bight at the southern entrance of this bay. Here also there has been dredging in 12 fathoms, rock. A short distance north of the northern entrance to Tagus Cove, there is a reef near the shore, with the surface exposed only at low spring tide. This has provided some good collecting. Tagus Cove has been a favored location; there have been 26 stations in or near it. The shore stations are on the rocks on both sides of the cove. On the west shore there are some interesting aggregations of solitary corals, forming almost as dense masses as the colonial corals do. There is one station on the shore of the near-by saline lake. At anchorage the electric light reveals a most interesting marine world. The plankton is plentiful and varied ; many of the specimens are large enough to be seen readily. The large, graceful flying fish provide much of the visible motion to the picture, which may be quite a peaceful one until the ubiquitous shark intrudes. The dredging stations from near the head of the cove to well out in the channel between Albemarle and Narborough provide a gradation from sandy bottom, in 10 fathoms or less, near the head, where such sand- loving species as A mphioxus are found, out through a coralline and nulli- pore bottom in 10-50 fathoms to the channel depths of 75 fathoms in rock. There is one shore station 2 miles south of Tagus Cove, and there are no more until Cape Christopher. Here the shore is so rocky and broken and the surf is so violent that the collection is a scanty one. 222, ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS vor? On the east coast Cartago Bay provides all of the stations. Most of the shore stations are near where the rock and sand meet, near the north- ern entrance of the bay, but there is one station on the south side near the head. There is so much mangrove growing out from the shore in much of the bay that it is a dificult matter to make even a near approach to the shore. Much of the main part of the bay is shallow, with sandy bottom liberally sprinkled with patches of rock, and is not very satisfactory for dredging. At the entrance to the bay, and farther out, there is a nullipore bottom, and farther out still, near White Rock, there is mud. The electric light has been used several times at anchorage, but the plankton is not so interesting or so varied as it is at T'agus Cove. James Island, 10 miles east of Albemarle and 10 miles south of the equator, is nearly rectangular, with greatest length from east to west, 20 miles, north to south, 12 miles. It has one high peak, 2,700 feet, near the center of the island; but other cones of considerable size make it quite rugged, particularly on the western slope, but not so much so as some sections of Albemarle. In the northeast the slope is more gradual, and there is a rather large area of low altitude near shore. The western slope, in general, is green and well wooded, the trees larger than on the other islands. On the western slope of the main peak, at a height of about 1,000 feet, there is a crater that contains a saline lake, from which salt has been obtained. The northern and eastern slopes are much more arid. The basal rock is a rough lava of the “aa” type, but over this, in places, there have been what appears to be three distinct, liquid lava flows: one, possibly the oldest, is reddish brown, somewhat like the basal lava in appearance; an- other is light gray; and the third is almost black. These give a distinctive appearance to that side of the island. There are two sizable bays extending into the shore of the island, James Bay on the west side and Sulivan Bay at the north end of the east side. Off the northern portion of the west side is Albany Island, separated from James by a deep channel, 14 mile wide; and off the northeast corner of the island is a somewhat larger island than Albany, Bartholomew Island, the channel between, at its narrowest, being less than 300 yards wide. As it extends to the northeast, it forms part of the boundary of Sulivan Bay. Bartholomew is a picturesque little island. It consists of two main portions, east and west, joined by a neck of land, bordered by a sand beach on each side, the south beach backed by sand dunes. Most of the central portion of this neck is occupied by a mangrove lagoon. The larger, eastern NO.2 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 223 portion reaches a height of 340 feet, as a volcanic cone, much of the base of which, toward the sea, has disappeared. The numerous small cones and craters give it the appearance of the southwestern portion of Albe- marle in miniature. Many of the smaller craters broaden as they go down and have fine volcanic ash in them, as though they had recently been used as fireplaces. They may be as small as 10 feet high and 4 or 5 feet across the mouth of the crater. The western portion is lower; but toward the Sulivan Bay side a single, huge rock, 50 or 60 feet high, narrowed almost to a point above, but otherwise precipitous with almost perpendicular sides, is broken off sheer from the remainder and makes a very distinct and picturesque land- mark. It forms the central figure of a picture which, seen from out in Sul- ivan Bay, is possibly the most attractive in the Galapagos. Except for the small sand beaches on Bartholomew Island and one on the shore of James Bay, the shore is wholly rocky and rugged. Just back of the beach at James Bay there is a lagoon, where a flock of flamingoes make their home. In the James Bay region there are shore stations south of the south- west entrance of the bay on rocky ledges, on rock in the southern portion of the bay, on the beach near the lagoon, and on the shore of the lagoon itself. One is situated on the shore of the salt lake in the interior. There are three dredging stations off the north entrance of the bay between the main shore and Albany Island, from 30 to 75 fathoms, the deeper water being well in the channel, where there are rock and shell. The results have been satisfactory. All other stations are in the Sulivan Bay area. Shore stations near the rock column on Bartholomew Island, on the shores of the narrow part of the channel, and along the main shore of James Island near the entrance to the channel, where large coral masses were obtained on the ragged, rocky shore, provided good collecting; but the beach on the south side of the neck of land and the lagoon were not so good. There is good dredging in Sulivan Bay in the shallower water, in rock bottom, when the rock is not too rough, as it is liable to be farther out in deeper water off the entrance. Jervis (Rabida) Island is a small, rugged, barren island, 4 miles south of James Island, with very little vegetation. Although it is only 134 miles long, it has a height of 1,050 feet. It is not readily accessible, but in fair weather a landing may be made on the northwestern side of the island. The island has not been visited. Dredging in 145 fathoms was attempted without success at a point 4 miles east of the northern part of the island. 224 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 Indefatigable Island is the central island of the archipelago, 10 miles from James, 10 miles from Barrington, 15 miles from Albemarle, and 27 miles from Charles. It is the second largest island in the group, some- what rectangular, 23 miles from east to west, 18 miles from north to south, with an additional narrow projection extending northward 5 miles toward South Seymour Island. It has but one important elevation, near the center, 2,296 feet. The smaller cones are not very numerous. ‘The slope in the upper part is more rapid, but there is a flattening in all direc- tions toward the coast. The lower portions are arid, of the regular Galapagos type; but on the steeper parts of the slopes, although it does not reach the summit, there is much greener vegetation. There is little sandy beach, or beach of any kind; almost all of the shore is rugged and rocky. There are two bays, Conway Bay to the north- west and Academy Bay near the center of the south shore. Of the islands lying off the coast, the largest is Duncan (Pinzon), 6 miles to the west- ward. It is somewhat ellipsoidal, 3 miles by 2 miles, with a height of 1,300 feet, with dense, almost impenetrable vegetation. It has been a prominent feature in several expeditions, largely because of the extensive and inten- sive galapago hunting that has taken place. Now the Duncan Island species is almost, if not entirely, extinct. Some inland collecting has been done here and some coral masses have been obtained. North Seymour and South Seymour islands with the Daphne group will be considered later. Eden Island lies at the southwestern entrance to Conway Bay, and Gordon Rocks lie 114 miles east of the eastern point of the island. In the Conway Bay region there are shore stations on the mud flats of Eden Island, on the rocks of the main island shore near by, and near the northern entrance to the bay; a dipping station at the anchorage; and one dredging station in 8 fathoms, sand, near the center of the bay. There are several stations in the vicinity of Academy Bay, some shore stations on the north shore of the bay, at the landing and east of it; electric light stations at the anchorage; dredging stations, well inshore in 8 to 12 fathoms and farther out in 15 to 25 fathoms (where algae are unusually abundant for the Galapagos). There are a coral mass station at the shore at Gordon Rocks and three dredging stations not far away, in 20-45 fath- oms, rock. There is one deep station, 15 miles east of Gordon Rocks, in 392 fathoms, sand. Mention has been made of the slender northward extension of In- defatigable Island. This projection reaches out past the boundary of the NO. 2 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 225 island, but it is cut through by two narrow channels, to leave South Sey- mour and North Seymour islands, extending for another 54% miles north- ward. The islands are both low and flat, with much of the surface easily traveled, but there are areas of broken lava rock and low boulders that make it rough. The vegetation is sparse, cactus being most conspicuous, made more sparse by the activities of the numerous goats that roam the islands, or, at least, South Seymour. South Seymour is the home of a large species of land iguana, of a reddish brown color that blends very well with the color of the lava rock where it lives. There are strong tide rips and crosscurrents around and north of the islands. Most of the shore is rocky, but on the west shore of South Sey- mour there is a sand beach, probably the largest and finest in the archi- pelago, with the most conspicuous faunal feature, the large burrowing hermit crab, which leaves trails everywhere in the sand when the tide is out. On the shores of a small bay (which has been named Velero Bay) near the north end of the west coast of South Seymour, there is an in- teresting fossil-bearing stratum exposed. Two rocky islets, Daphne Major and Daphne Minor, lie offshore to the westward, a short distance from South Seymour. They are precipi- tous and conspicuous. It is only with difficulty that a landing can be made on either of them. They increase the channel area in this region. Collecting in the Seymour Island region has been confined to the west side of the islands and the adjacent waters. There are shore stations on the rocks of North Seymour, in Velero Bay, on the rocks and on the sand beach of South Seymour; inland collecting; several electric light stations ; and dredging stations in shallow water, mostly in sand or in sand with rock patches, all along the west coast of both islands and in deeper water, up to 80 fathoms, in shell and rock in the channel between the Daphne Islands and South Seymour. The results from the deeper dredging have been gratifying, since several species were obtained here that did not ap- pear in any of the other Galapagos collections. Barrington Island, 10 miles southeast of Indefatigable Island, is a rugged island, 6 miles long, east and west, and 314 miles wide, with a height of 900 feet. Its shores are so precipitous that landing is difficult except at the southern end of the east coast, and even here the anchorage is poor. On the southeast shore there are shore stations on the rocks and among the coral masses, and a diving station in 2 fathoms. There are one dredging station in shallow water near by and others in deeper water, 45 to 75 fathoms, 2 miles and 6 miles north of the island. 226 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 Chatham Island, 27 miles east of Barrington, lies with its main axis 24 miles long, northeast and southwest, and is 8 miles wide, with two main peaks nearer the west end, 2,490 and 1,927 feet, with a saddleback connecting them. There are other cones of considerable height, making both ends of the island descend quite abruptly to the sea. There is a better fresh-water supply on this island than on any of the others in the archipelago, so that there is richer vegetation, particularly toward the summit of the hills. Some land is under cultivation, and there is a town, Progreso, the capital of the Galapagos, located on the saddleback between the two summits, 5 miles from the shore at Wreck Bay. ‘The coast is more irregular than it is on the other islands, as there are more projecting points and indenting bays, some small islands, and many outlying rocks and reefs. The most conspicuous, rocky islet, Kicker Rock, at the entrance to Stephens Bay, 2 miles off Bassa Point, looks as though it were composed of a few very large boulders. It is 486 feet high. Dal- rymple Rock, 62 feet high, off Lido Point at the entrance to Wreck Bay, also stands out clearly. Of the bays, three should be mentioned. Wreck Bay (Porto Chico) is on the north shore, near Wreck Point, the western tip of the island. Here there is a safe and well-protected anchorage, but there are so many shoals and reefs on each side of the entrance that the passage may be diff- cult in bad weather. It is the main port of the island, the only port of call for vessels coming to the islands from Guayaquil. This is one place in the Galapagos where one may see a wharf or pier. Lido Point stands out prominently at the northeast entrance. From Lido Point to Bassa Point, the western limit of Stephens Bay (Puerto Grande), there is a ragged coast line. Stephens Bay offers a good anchorage, with safe approach. The entrance, from Bassa Point to Finger Point, is 5 miles across, and the depth of the bay is 2 miles. There is a farther extension of the bay to form Sappho Cove, but here the bottom is strewn with large boulders, and, in consequence, the cove is not suited for anchorage. On the south side of the island there is a bay or, better, an open road- stead, Freshwater Bay, into which a fresh-water stream empties after a fall over a lava cliff. There is little or no shelter for boats. On Chatham Island there are two inland stations—one on the shore of El Junco Lake, not far from Progreso, and the other 44 mile upstream from Freshwater Bay. The shore stations, all on rock, are located at Bassa Point, in Wreck Bay, west of Wreck Bay, toward Wreck Point, NO.2 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 227 and in Freshwater Bay. The dredging stations are at the entrance of Stephens Bay, farther out than Kicker Rock, in 32-40 fathoms, sand and coralline, and in shallower water, 8-12 fathoms, at the entrance to Sappho Cove, where the large boulders on the bottom made dredging difficult. Here gorgonids are at their largest and best. There is one station, about 3 miles offshore at Freshwater Bay, in 400 fathoms, coarse sand. In the southern crescent, Narborough Island and the southern part of Albemarle have already been discussed. As no dredging, and very little shore collecting, has been done at or near either of them, they do not come into the distribution picture. The two remaining islands, Charles and Hood, have received much attention. They show very well the greater effect of the Humboldt Current than do the islands in the other two crescents. In the swing of the Humboldt Current north and south in seasonal succession, these islands are seldom, if ever, outside the influ- ence of the current. Charles Island lies midway between Albemarle and Hood islands, 35 miles from each, 27 miles south of Indefatigable Island. It is about 10 miles long, east to west, and 7 miles wide. There are two rather large volcanic cones, 1,500 and 1,780 feet, toward the southern coast, both visible from the western approach to Black Beach Anchorage. The slope to the north shore is quite gradual, and there are few secondary cones. There are some springs on the island, but they do not supply enough wa- ter for irrigation, except to a limited extent. In very dry seasons, like that in 1934, they may nearly dry up. There is vegetation on much of the island, with a greater relative number of trees and shrubs, as compared with cactus, than on some of the other islands. There is suitable stock fodder; cattle, goats, pigs, and donkeys are said to be somewhat abundant on the island. What few sand beaches there are, at Black Beach, Post Office Bay, etc., are very small. The south shore is high and abrupt, the remainder lower and more irregular, with rocky points, islets, and reefs outlying. The chief islands, none of them large, are Onslow Island, off Cormorant Point to the north, and Caldwell and Gardner islands to the southeast. The bays are rather insignificant, none of them offering much protection in a storm; but, since storms are rare, they serve as good anchorages. Black Beach Bay on the west coast, just north of Saddle Point, is a small bight, with a pocket, sand beach that is protected by the rocks enough to make a good landing place. There is much algal growth in shallow water near the rocky shore, but farther out the bottom is sandy. 228 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 Post Office Bay is on the north coast, just east of Daylight Point, the northwest point of the island. It is 114 miles across at the entrance and extends inshore 34 mile. The inner part of the bay is pretty well free of obstructions, but there are shoals and reefs at both sides of the entrance. Lying just east of the point (not named on the chart) that bounds Post Office Bay to the east is Cormorant Bay, extending 34 mile to Cor- morant Point. At the head it is divided into two by a projecting point near its center. Back of the head of the bay there is a salt-water lagoon, inhabited by a flock of flamingoes. There has been some inland collecting, particularly at the springs near Black Beach and near the south side of the island. There are nu- merous shore stations on the west coast south of Saddle Point, on the rocks and in the tide pools around the point that forms the southern limit of Black Beach, on the north shore of Black Beach, at the head of Cor- morant Bay, on the shore of the salt lagoon east of Cormorant Point, and on Onslow Island, where coral masses were obtained. There are several electric light stations in Black Beach Anchorage and in Post Office Bay. There are dredging stations in shallow water, 4-6 fathoms, and farther out in 35-40 fathoms, in and off Black Beach Bay, several in Post Office Bay, and one in Cormorant Bay. Northwest of Post Office Bay there are three stations, 5 miles from Daylight Point in 40-45 fathoms, 7 miles in 65-70 fathoms, and 10 miles in 250 fathoms. Between Charles, Indefatigable, and Albemarle islands there is a wide open space in which there have been but few soundings and much fewer bottom indications. This makes dredging here a matter of groping in the dark. ‘To make matters worse, there are strong currents, varying so much in direction and force that the dredge may be carried as many as three different directions in sinking from the surface to the bottom in the deeper portions of this area. There may be quiet periods with little current, but the currents have not been studied; so it is impossible to know when the quiet periods are likely to come. In spite of the difficul- ties, some stations have been established in this area, most of them be- tween Charles and Indefatigable but one between Charles and Albemarle, in depths ranging from 60 to 200 fathoms. In some of them the material obtained was not very extensive, but there was always something of great interest from the distribution standpoint. Hood Island, the most southerly of the islands of the archipelago, is elliptical in shape, the long axis, 8 miles, running east and west, and 5 miles wide. It has no high volcanic cones, the highest being 640 feet. The NO.2 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 229 slope to the north and northeast is gradual. There is more vegetation on it than on some of the others. Most of the shore is rocky, but there is a long, sandy beach facing Gardner Bay. There is only one outlying island of any size, Gardner Island, lying 34, mile east of the northeastern portion of Hood Island. There is deep enough water in the channel for large vessels to pass through, but off the northern entrance, in Gardner Bay, Magicienne Rock is but 14 feet below the surface, and right in the channel is a small island, Osborn Island. The water is very shallow between Osborn and Hood, but is deeper between Osborn and Gardner. Gardner Island itself is steep and rocky on its western side, but the descent to the beach to the northeast is low. Gardner Bay, the only significant bay off Hood Island, lies between Hood and Gardner islands. The Gardner Bay region has a rich fauna, possibly as rich as any explored in the Galapagos, and, in consequence, much collecting has been done here. There are shore stations on Gardner Island, on Osborn Island, and on the main island at the head of Gardner Bay and at the northwest entrance to the bay. There are diving stations off the Hood Island shore and electric light stations at the anchorage in Gardner Bay. There are dredging stations in many parts of the bay from shallow water, 2-4 fath- oms at the head to 30-50 fathoms at the entrance, and farther out in 50-100 and 140-160 fathoms, mostly in sand but some rock. There is one station 8 miles southeast of the island in 300 fathoms, sand and rock. Little has been said concerning the distribution of such species as the galapago, the sea lion, the marine iguana, and various sea and land birds among the islands; but these have been written up at length in so many reports that it does not seem necessary to go into detail concerning them here. Observations have been made on them and these have been recorded. In general, though, these do not come within the range of marine biology. The Galapagos Archipelago has been, and is, of very great interest. Even the preliminary exploration of the marine fauna and flora has proved to be much worth while. As the material collected is being exam- ined, a more definite basis for further work is being established. 230 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 1 PLATE 105 Hancock Expedition members landed at Wenman Island, Galapagos, by means of the rocky shelf shown in the foreground, and made their way precariously up the almost perpendicular basaltic lava cliffs to the flattened summit of the headland. The island is the nesting site of fork-tailed gulls, man-o’-war birds, and boobies. (Photograph by H. W. Manter.) The precipitous sides of Wenman Island, Galapagos, suggest that it is the remnant of a volcanic crater. The landing was effected inside the flat-topped headland shown at the center of the picture. Dredging operations were conducted at a depth of 100 to 150 fathoms near by. Chart 100, p. 417. PLATE 106 Marchena or Bindloe Island, Galapagos, showing lava flows which seem so fresh that they might have cooled but yesterday. They have blotted out every vestige of plant life, except perhaps on the distant summits, which appeared to have escaped burial in this manner. On the black lava sand at Marchena or Bindloe Island was discovered the signal of distress erected by shipwrecked mariners of the sloop Dinamita. Their desiccated bodies had been found ten days previously by Portuguese fishermen. Chart 99, p. 417. PLATE 107 Tide pools at Darwin Bay, Tower Island, Galapagos. The mud flats at the right were inhabited by fiddler crabs, while frigate birds nested on the rocks to both right and left. The lava is fractured into rectangular blocks. (Photograph by W. L. Schmitt.) Chart 98, p. 416. Marine collectors at work on a rocky beach at Darwin Bay, Tower Island, Galapagos. The headland marking the northern limit of the entrance to Darwin Bay is shown in the distance, and between it and the shore are two rocky reefs which prevent the ship’s launch from coming farther inshore. (Photograph by W. L. Schmitt.) PLATE 108 The landing place at Darwin Bay, Tower Island, consisting of an arching beach and a small lagoon behind which rise the basaltic walls of the rim of a volcanic crater. The Velero III anchored in 27 fathoms in Darwin Bay, scarcely 150 yards from shore. The bay represents the cone of a mile-wide crater, a portion of which has weathered away, admitting the sea. PLATE 109 Lava shores of Narborough Island, Galapagos, showing mangrove thickets in the distance. (Photograph by Wm. R. Taylor.) Chart 101, p. 418. The island of Narborough, located across a narrow channel from Tagus Cove. It is shield volcano 4,000 feet high and without the ir- regularities of shape which characterize the other islands. Volcanic activity has been observed at Narborough as recently as 1927. PLATE 110 Crater Lake, Albemarle Island, Galapagos. Tagus Cove may be seen to the left, at a considerably lower level. (Photograph by H. W. Manter.) NO. 2 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 231 232 233 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 231 Two miles south of Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island, lies what is prob- ably the largest crater lake in the archipelago. Although a mile or more in length, it does not appear on any chart and must be located anew by each expedition by means of directions handed down by preceding expeditions. PLATE 111 Lava beach north of Tagus Cove, Galapagos. A grove of mangrove trees indicates a lagoon on the right. One of the five large volcanoes of Albemarle Island rises majestically in the distance. Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island, the most protected anchorage in the islands, but unfortunately too small to hold many vessels at one time. Visiting ships have left their names whitewashed against the dark lava rocks. Tagus Cove is the home of the Galapagos penguin and the flightless cormorant. Chart 102, p. 418. PLATE 112 The area around Christopher Point, Albemarle Island, is perhaps the most desolate in the entire Galapagos. Here many small spatter cones may be explored within a mile radius, provided one is fortunate in arriving in one of those rare periods in which a landing can be made. (Photograph by Wm. R. Taylor.) One of the most massive single formations in the Galapagos archi- pelago is this perpendicular headland at Cape Berkeley, Albemarle Island. It is composed of volcanic ash and shows landslides resulting from the undercutting. A fairly safe anchorage for the tuna fleet is found close in at its base. (Photograph by H. W. Manter.) PEALE 113 Members of the 1938 Hancock Expedition explore a huge crack in the misshapen mass of pahoe hoe lava at Cartago Bay, on the east side of Albemarle Island. Mangrove trees form an almost impenetrable barrier between the sand beach and the lava rock. The Velero III anchored in Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island. The suc- cessive beds of volcanic ash of which the island is composed are no- where seen better than along the south rim of the cove. PLATE 114 Academy Bay, Indefatigable Island, showing houses in the middle dis- tance which were occupied prior to 1938 by a Danish-American family named Rader. A garrison of Ecuadorian soldiers was stationed at the fort, which is known locally as Puerto Ayora. Chart 106, p. 420. The large rock shingle at Barrington Island, Galapagos, was a profit- able collecting ground for early Hancock Expeditions. The cactus- studded interior of the island is the home of land iguanas, hawks, and doves. Chart 106, p. 420. (Photograph by W. L. Schmitt.) PLATE 115 Conway Bay, Indefatigable Island, showing stretches of coral sand separated by rocky promontories representing ancient lava flows. Such beaches are the homes of the ghost crab Ocypode. Chart 107, p. 420. Conway Bay, Indefatigable Island, Galapagos, showing Eden and Guy Faulkes islands in the distance. The reef in the foreground was a col- lecting station of the marine zoologists. Chart 107, p. 420. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 1 PLATE 116 Interior of a crater at Daphne Major Island, Galapagos. The floor of the crater is of sand and is occupied by families of nesting blue-footed boobies. Inlet at Academy Bay, Indefatigable Island, Galapagos, showing per- pendicular lava cliffs and the two principal cactus types, Opuntia and Pachycereus. Chart 108, p. 421. (Photograph by Wm. R. Taylor.) PLATE 117 South Seymour Island, which extends northward from Indefatigable Island, separated from it by a narrow channel. Its flora is similar to that of the parent island, dominant forms being the bursera tree and Opuntia cactus. The veldt-like interior of South Seymour Island, Galapagos, showing bursera trees growing among lava boulders. (Photograph by C. Mc- Lean Fraser.) PEATE 118 A view from South Seymour Island showing the many cones of Inde- fatigable Island. The beach in the foreground is marked with the tracks of the green sea turtle and the holes dug by the female turtle for egg-laying purposes. Chart 106, p. 420. North Seymour Island showing land iguanas from South Seymour Island being landed in a transplantation experiment, there being no land iguanas previously on North Seymour. A nameless island, composed largely of sand, may be seen in the right background. It lies in the narrow channel separating North and South Seymour islands. Chart 106, p. 420. PLATE 119 Agaves, or Century plants, line the red clay road which leads from Wreck Bay, Chatham Island, to Progreso, three miles to the interior. Here the plants appear to grow wild, but at higher elevations they form neat hedgerows separating the plantations. Chart 113, p. 423. Village of Progreso, situated at an elevation of over 1,000 feet in the interior of Chatham Island, Galapagos. The houses are built of cane imported from the mainland, and many of them are elevated from the ground in the manner of houses of the Santa Elena Peninsula. The population of Progreso is said to be around 300. Chart 113, p. 423. PLATE 120 The few buildings located at Wreck Bay, Chatham Island, consist of headquarters for the governor and his military aides, and a lighthouse. They are built of bamboo, or “Guayaquil cane,’ the same type of con- struction found in the maritime provinces of Ecuador. Chart 113, p. 423. Wreck Bay, Chatham Island, the principal port of the Galapagos and home of the military governor. A treacherous reef at the harbor en- trance obliges vessels the size of Velero III to anchor outside, while small sailing vessels may anchor near the wharf. PLATE 121 Post Office Bay, Charles Island, a favorite collecting ground for Velero IIT scientists. Within a short radius may be found sandy beach, rocky shore, brackish lagoon, and a sizable cave in which were trapped many of the now extinct Charles Island tortoise. Chart 111, p. 422. Captain Allan Hancock standing beside the barrel post office at Post Office Bay, Charles Island, perhaps the best-known single feature in the Galapagos Islands. This old barrel, or one like it, has been in con- tinuous use since the days of Gloucester whalers, 150 years or more ago. Prate 105 Fig. 220 Wenman Island, Galapagos, landing Fig. 22 Wenman Island, Galapagos PLATE 106 Fig. 222 Marchena Island, Galapagos Fig. 223 Marchena Island, Galapagos Piate 107 ” a5 Fig. 224 Darwin Bay, Tower Island, Galapagos Fig. 225 Darwin Bay, Tower Island, Galapagos PiaTe 108 Fig. 226 Darwin Bay, Tower Island, landing place, Galapagos ~ eae a See x Fig. 227 Darwin Bay, Tower Island, Galapagos Piate 109 Puate 110 Fig. 230 Tagus Cove and Crater Lake, Albemarle Island Fig. 231 Panorama of Crater Lake south of Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island Piate 111! Fig. 233 Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island Pirate 112 Fig. 235 Cape Berkeley, Albemarle Island PuLaTE 113 Fig. 236 Cartago Bay, Albemarle oes st LOE LTT Fig. 237 Tagus Cove, Albemarle Puate 114 Fig. 238 Academy Bay, Indefatigable Island Fig. 239 Barrington Island, Galapagos PLATE 115 wrt, ' Fig. 241 Reef in Conway Bay, Indefatigable Island PLate 116 sodede[ey ‘purysy r0fepy auyded 77 “S14 MA] eres Sal Puate 117 Fig. 244 South Seymour Island from Indefatigable Fig. 245 South Seymour Island Piate 118 Fig. 246 South Seymour Island looking toward Indefatigable Fig. 247 North Seymour Island PLATE 119 Fig. 248 Chatham Island Fig. 249 Chatham Island, village of Progreso PLaTE 120 — s — m —_ - : 2 a. - ~~ — Fig. 251 Chatham Island, Wreck Bay > Fig. 252 Post Office Bay, Charles Island tne BiTTER # BOs. ee . ~— XN +e aS ee A Fig. 253 Captain Hancock at barrel post office PLATE 121 Prater 122 St Figs. 254-256 Charles Island, vicinity of Black Beach Pruate 123 Fig. 257 Charles Island, lagoon, Post Office Bay Fig. 258 Hood Island, Galapagos PLaTE 124 ae Es Fig. 259 James Bay, James Island, looking north Fig. 260 James Bay, James Island Piate 125 Toad Pe Be Fig. 261 Interior of James Island Fig. 262 Crater lake of James Island Priates 126, 127 y : Fig. 263 Panorama, Sulivan Bay, James Island WS ete Seat - _— Fig. 264 Landing, Sulivan Bay, James Island i van Bay, James Island Suli ’ Fig. 265 Sea stack ———— tates 126, 127 s \ Fig. 263 Panorama, Sulivan Bay, James Island a , James Island pape ev ee Fig. 264 Landing, Sulivan Bay Fig. 265 Sea stack, Sulivan Bay, James Island Piate 128 Fig. 266 James Island, Galapagos seen from Bartholomew Island Fig. 267 Spatter cones, Bartholomew Island he ae. ae NO. 2 Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 FRASER : SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 257 PLATE 122 Craters of Charles Island, Galapagos, top the gentle rise from Black Beach Anchorage, on the east side of the island. A three-mile trail led to Friedo, home of Dr. Ritter, and a seven-mile trail to Paradiso, home of the Baroness Wagner-Bosquet. Black Beach, Charles Island, anchorage most frequented by Velero JII in the Galapagos Islands. Shore collecting was accomplished on the rocky beaches in the foreground, and Black Beach served as a start- ing point for numerous treks to the interior. Chart 110, p. 422. The highlands of Charles Island, Galapagos, above an elevation of 1,000 feet, are covered with brush tangles formed by bursera trees and other vegetation, including citrus groves planted by early settlers, which have now gone wild. Such rank vegetation is found only in the belt of fog, or “garua” as it is locally known. (Photograph by W. L. Schmitt.) PLATE 123 Lagoon at Post Office Bay, Charles Island, Galapagos, showing fla- mingos which feed upon a pink alga which grows beneath the surface. Fiddler crabs occur around the margins of the lagoon. The shadowy forms on the distant hills are bursera trees. (Photograph by W. L. Schmitt. ) View of the east coast of Hood Island, Galapagos, looking north toward Osborn Island and Gardner Bay. An albatross rookery occupies the level portion of the promontory in the middle distance during a portion of the year. Chart 114, p. 424. PLATE 124 View looking across James Bay, James Island, from the abandoned habitations located at the south side of the Bay. An apparently fresh lava flow is seen in the middle distance. A trail leads off to the right to a crater lake mentioned by Darwin. Chart 103, p. 419. The headland which marks the northern limit of James Bay, James Island, Galapagos, has been cut by wave action, the perpendicular cliff exposing a cross section of the lava cap which covers this portion of the island. The Expedition launch is shown in the foreground. (Photograph by W. L. Schmitt.) PLATE 125 The interior of James Island contains some of the tallest trees which are to be found in the archipelago, although those of southern Albe- marle in the region of Villamiel are said to be larger. An Expedition member stands on the trail leading from the beach to the crater lake. (Photograph by W. L. Schmitt.) The crater lake at James Bay, James Island, was visited by Darwin over 100 years ago. It has been a source of salt to visitors to the Gala- pagos Islands for an even longer period. The bottom of the crater was reached by a cable car, cable and windlass now lying rusted and useless. (Photograph by W. L. Schmitt.) PLATES 126, 127 Panorama of Sulivan Bay, Galapagos, showing, from left to right, summit, landing place, and sea stack of Bartholomew Island; landing place, lava flows, and craters of James Island. In taking the picture the camera described an arc of almost 180 degrees, or from southeast of the anchorage to almost northwest. (Photograph by Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt. ) 258 Fig. 264 Fig. 265 Fig. 266 Fig. 267 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 1 Curving strand opposite the constriction cut by Sulivan Bay, James Island, into Bartholomew Island, which forms its southern boundary. The channel separating Bartholomew and James islands passes be- tween the lava cone in the right background and the dark promontory in the left center and may be seen above the row of mangrove trees. Chart 105, p. 419. The sea stack at Sulivan Bay, James Island, one of the most conspicu- ous landmarks in the entire Galapagos group. It is located on Bartholo- mew Island, which forms the southern shore of the bay. A narrow channel separates Bartholomew Island from James Island itself. Chart 105, p. 419. PLATE 128 View of James Island, Galapagos, from the summit of Bartholomew Island. Sulivan Bay is shown at the right, dominated by a lava stack and a comparatively recent lava flow. The small arm of the sea which cuts off Bartholomew Island from James Island may be seen just be- yond the promontory to the left. (Photograph by Wm. R. Taylor.) View of James Island from Bartholomew Island showing numerous small spatter cones with which the smaller island is studded. Chart 105, p. 419. (Photograph by Wm. R. Taylor.) note f ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VotuME 1 NUMBER 3 GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE SCIENTIFIC WORK OF THE VELERO III IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC, 1931-41 ParT III A Ten-Year List of the Velero IIT Collecting Stations (ae 1-115) A “BY C McLEAN FRASER PROFESSOR OF ZOOLOGY EMERITUS UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA MEMBER OF ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS OF 1934 AND 1941 An Appendix of Collecting Stations of the Allan Hancock Foundation for the Year 1942 THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 1943 bo JAI N 2.91946 Yariona nyse GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE SCIENTIFIC WORK OF THE VELERO ITI IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC, 1931-41 Part III A Ten-Year List of the Velero IIT Collecting Stations (Charts 1-115) By C. MCLEAN FRASER An Appendix of Collecting Stations of the Allan Hancock Foundation for the Year 1942 THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS ALLAN Hancock PAcIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOLUME 1, NUMBER 3 IssUED DECEMBER, 1943 THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PRESS Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA COME EN TS A TEN-YEAR List oF THE Velero III COLLECTING STATIONS . . 259 EXPLANATION OF CHART ILEUSTRATIONS "2 2000 uo 6... 261 ee OIION COTEARTS Fol ee a cs ee hs ye Sw, es Oe ALLAN Hancock Pactric ExpEDITION OF 1931-32 . . . . . 272 COLLECTING STATIONS: 5 AS oa aR mh" a ae Ah PU lt Ke ha 27 Siege Pa. Ast jis Lets OR ee. ee cae ALY te wee ee ROG DL es, SER Ne 8 a okt Rn MRR ye) | Ao |G oi am a PE = EN MID REAR! obs) 255) DE ican silks dat ARR on ces ssn Gh, chi Agee ater ee OSS he TE ee RN od CS RS ee ic ne ee pe Bee ae wei | ce pe Ae, ee ee ee AAD ys ceyu pear a cive psi ice Aken Agtteapic= bic, 5° (:Saiyy \ucdae leap cele are RIS PEAT TRE Tee Sg ai den A ye hel Gerrsr OF SUMMER. OF 1934.00. 6s ke ee Pe lage CRUISES OFF CALIFORNIA CoasT .. . 312, 318, 319, 324, 327, 336, 350 Pe meUnION CHARTS RY 4 GV a oy a ok A RG AN APPENDIX OF COLLECTING STATIONS OF THE ALLAN HANCOCK FOUNDATION FOR THE YEAR 1942 ......... . 425 : - ad ih ls _ y it a x [=m 7 re ~~ : vu 4, as Me ae ie : Tne GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE SCIENTIFIC WORK OF THE VELERO III IN THE EASTERN PACIFIC A TEN- YEAR LIsT OF THE Velero III CoLLEctTING STATIONS The Velero III has now been in use for Pacific Exploration for ten years. A list of the collecting stations occupied during these ten years, with appropriate data concerning these, is here presented. The information supplied is a compilation of data, the basis for which has been supplied by the officers of the ship and various members of the Pacific Expeditions. The officers have provided exact geographic positions (latitude and longitude) and depths, in many cases, particularly in the last three years. The Expedition members have made note of positions, depths, and types of bottom, as well as other items of interest very neces- sary in making up the list. Of these Expedition members, Mr. John Garth, of the Foundation staff, who has been on all the longer cruises, Mr. Fred Ziesenhenne, also of the Foundation staff, who has been on nearly all the cruises, and Dr. Waldo L. Schmitt, of the National Museum staff, who has been on several of them, have provided the greater proportion of the information, without which the list could not have been compiled. The primary objective of the Pacific Expeditions has been marine biological investigation, and it is with this investigation that this list of stations is almost entirely concerned. Most of the stations, especially in the later years, have been dredging stations, although stations where shore collecting has been done are numerous. In many instances members of a shore party have made obser- vations on terrestrial fauna and flora, but seldom has any of these obser- vations been given a station number, unless collections definitely associated with marine investigation were made. A smaller number of stations represents dipping by using the cargo light at night, when the ship was at anchor, diving, seining, et cetera. Much fishing has been done for taxonomic and life history work, and for work on fish parasites, but ordinarily the fish boat wanders too far afield to place it with a station number. The Velero III exploration is not confined to biological investigation. Observations in physical and chemical oceanography, in geology, and in sedimentation have been made, but the stations occupied, although they have been given numbers, are not included in this list. Ethnology has been [ 259] 260 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Vor; i much to the fore, but most of the records here are photographic. The locations are usually associated with the shore stations, but they are not referred to in this list. In the first long cruise, 1931-32, collecting for the Foundation was rather incidental and was confined to shore and inland collecting near each anchorage used. These stopping places have been numbered in order and the geographic position is given for each; however, the numbers have not the same meaning as the numbers for the later stations. For that reason, numbering for actual collecting stations was again started at “1” on the next cruise, and these have been continued in chronological order since that time. On the second cruise, starting in late December, 1932, shore collecting was still the chief means of obtaining specimens, although diving, sein- ing, setting lobster traps, and collecting coral heads brought good results. Dredging by hand from a motorboat helped out materially. On the third cruise, December, 1933, to March, 1934, better equip- ment for dredging really started a new era. One of the ship’s motorboats was fitted up with a power winch, shearlegs, and sorting table and was provided with 250 fathoms of steel cable for dredging. This worked very well and has been used, with some slight changes, ever since. In 1938 the Velero III was equipped for dredging, and this equipment has been used extensively for dredging in deeper water and in shallower water, as well, if the bottom is not too rough. For shore stations and for those where the motorboat is used, readings of latitude and longitude have not been taken directly, but have been determined from the position of the starting point as shown on the hydro- graphic charts. They are not of uniform accuracy, as the charts vary much in scale. Since the Velero III has been in action for dredging, the exact position can readily be determined, and it has been so determined at the beginning and the end of the haul. The depth (fathometer reading) also is taken at these times. When the small dredge is used, the haul is usually short, and two or more are often taken in a restricted area with depth and bottom similar over the area, in which case both or all of these hauls have been included as a single station. When the large dredge is used from the Velero III, the hauls are usually longer; however, if more than one haul is made in a restricted area, with depth and bottom similar throughout, the same station number is used throughout, but the hauls are distinguished by letters, a, b, et cetera, following the number. No.3 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 261 CHarT ILLUSTRATIONS Since to make use of the location of a station as given in latitude and longitude, it is necessary to have recourse to hydrographic charts, a less definite location may be sufficient in many cases, more particularly for one who is familiar with the coast. Consequently, the position of each station relative to some geographic feature, e.g., island or bay, is given as well as the latitude and longitude. When the list of collecting stations of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expe- ditions was in progress of compilation, the position of each station with its number was marked on a hydrographic chart. A distinctive color was used for the stations established each year. This provided a visual record of all the stations of such a nature that it is possible to see at a glance the extent of the collecting in each area shown on each chart in each year that this area has been visited. It has done more than this in indicating where it would be most profitable to do further work. It is out of the question to reproduce these three dozen charts in this publication, but much of the visual aid may be obtained by reproducing numerous small sections of the charts where collecting has been concen- trated. his has been done in such a way that the position of all the stations, except a very few isolated ones, is indicated. Tracings were made directly from the marked charts (the chart number and the latitude and longitude indicated in each case), and these have been prepared for re- production by Mr. Anker Petersen of the Foundation staff. Charts 1 to 10 explain the ten expeditions of the Velero III and are called Expedition charts. Number 11 gives the orientation of charts 12 to 18 in connection with the collecting stations of the Velero III in Eastern Pacific waters. Charts 19 to 115 are called Distribution charts. (See pp. 368-424 for the list and their localities. ) 262 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Vo. 1 130° SR OP PI NS UNITECO states CALeon eon © we wOtwcie & we oe | COLOMBIA } OF fi | f Ui if f fi fF i ti ‘ Lf f) i ( 4 fe f ALLAN HANCOCK EXPEDITIONS CRUISE OF 1931-2 TO MEXICO, PANAMA, MALPELO L., GALAPAGOS, COCOS L, e NICARAGUA ABOARD THE VELERO Ill ees ns aE EXPEDITION CHART 1 December 3, 1931, to February 27, 1932 Stations 1-23, pp. 272-273 The term Expedition Chart for charts numbered 1-10 has been used here to empha- size the actual areas visited by the Velero III and to avoid possible confusion. Official numbers of the Hydrographic charts of the Hydrographic Office of the U.S. Navy appear on the lower right-hand corner as a part of the chart. No.3 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 263 uNITeos ata Asiuevon & - As omnes nM == ALLAN HANCOCK EXPEDITIONS oe / | ECUADOR, GALAPAGOS. « COSTA RICA ABOARD THE VELERO til 1 =, hO bee ri emeentae EXPEDITION CHART 2 December 29, 1932, to March 23, 1933 Stations 1-33 to 127-33, pp. 274-280 CRUISE OF 1933 or TO MEXICO. PANAMA. MALPELO I a " a -, by ome: ROOD 1. 264 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 1 UNITED sweomure socoate | Cinton | weet x Lviaczvece \ whee COLOMBIA ‘, . Liccuacok Ni Dy rrinseow Gnas ALLAN HANCOCK EXPEDITIONS CRUISE OF 1954 TO MEXICO, GALAPAGOS, ECUADOR. COLOMBIA. PANAMA, « COSTA RICA ABOARD THE VELERO III EXPEDITION CHART 3 December 30, 1933, to March 14, 1934 Stations 128-34 to 288-34, pp. 280-288 , FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 265 corpreaton 6 ' © Qvenwcrocml HI COLOMBIA ALLAN HANCOCK EXPEDITIONS CRUISE OF 1934-5 TO MEXICO,GALAPAGOS, ECUADOR, PERU, COLOMBIA, « PANAMA ABOARD THE VELERO Ill EXPEDITION CHART 4 November 23, 1934, to April 12, 1935 Stations 306-35 to 487-35, pp. 289-297 ALLAN HANCOCK EXPEDITIONS CRUISE OF 1956 TO THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA, MEXICO. ABOARD THE-VELERO 111 EXPEDITION CHART 5 February 14, 1936, to March 26, 1936 Stations 488-36 to 609-36, pp. 297-304 No.3 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 267 CRUISE OF 1937 TO THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA, MEXICO, ABOARD THE VELERO Ill February 26, 1937, to April 8, 1937 Stations 610-37 to 752-37, pp. 304-311 268 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Vou. 1 TATES ) 4 eUADALURE d \ < z >) a sales soconno §. JC RARIOM , & 2 CLrPPERTOM fF. Casas © eek WMALPELO Le [Res Goneomh 4, 0 eras ALLAN HANCOCK EXPEDITIONS CRUISE OF 193 TO COCOS, GALAPAGOS , BIRD ISLES OF PERU, COAST OF PERU, ECUADOR ,COLOMBIA*PANAMA EXPEDITION CHART 7 January 3, 1938, to March 13, 1938 Stations 760-38 to 871-38, pp. 312-318 No.3 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 269 UNITED STATES GUADALUPE - of a ¢ 3 = e M exic i Sone, = eee Cre aE waka = CLARION 4 nda % ee CLIPPERTOM ft. = = m cen BSS ce fe Seat WAALPRLO Le Goacon . > wenman + py fS ABINGDON 1 Co ynmnice t 3g Towle James & S BtYMooR A. trv > fi SAM FELIX kL OP * SAM ANBROSIO 1, ovncanQ CHATHAM EVpareiuerom 1. ‘ SUAM TLENANOLZ Oe EXPEDITION CHART 8 Allan Hancock Expeditions of 1939 to west coast of Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama, March 12 to April 1, 1939, in the Pacific Ocean, stations 915-39 to 956-39. Allan Hancock Atlantic Expedition, in the Atlantic Ocean, from Cristo- bal, Canal Zone, to Port of Spain, Trinidad, April 3 to April 26, 1939, stations A1- A59. In the Pacific Ocean, May 2 to May 9, 1939, dredging in the vicinity of Taboga Island, Panama, White Friars, Tenacatita Bay, Magdalena Island, and Tres Marias Islands, Mexico, stations 957-39 to 974-39. (Pp. 320-323.) 270 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Vo.. 1 EXPEDITION CHART 9 Allan Hancock Expeditions, cruise of 1940, west coast of Lower California, Mexico, and Gulf of California, west and east coasts, January 17 to February 20, 1940, stations 1030-40 to 1119-40, pp. 328-336. No.3 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC = 271 s SS SS _& | bea tot a & SS ae | t I 10) \ l l ! > ot = ee 7 Sewanee ae aad aoe — EXPEDITION CHART 10 Allan Hancock Expeditions, cruise of 1941, to San Diego Bay, California, and Cedros and San Benito islands, Mexico, February 22 to March 2, 1941, stations 1238-41 to 1265-41, pp. 347-350. Vo.. 1 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 272 M OT 65 48 ~N 02 £€ § puvjs] sooo ‘Aegwmemeyy +$-2 ST Z£61 “G2 BOTY BySOT) M +66L N 258 auoZ [eueD ‘voqieg 1£-Le +1 Buleueg M 2b 95 68 =N ST 61 0 pues] amoy ‘Avg uIMieq +7-61 §1 M 0206 § 02420 pues] Inoursag yINog JosaAQA = BI-bL ZT M OT ££ 06 S 20 pue|s] aqesuesapuy ‘keg Aemuoy = $I-ZI_—sdT M 80 ZS 06 =§ 20 ZI 0 pues] souef ‘Aegqsowmef 71-6 Of M Iv 22 16 =~§ £1 9T 0 puv]s] apiemaqiy Ao snsey, 6-4 6 M 9S 62 06 «= 9b OTT purjs] sajieyD ‘yoveg yorejg =—ssf-T 8 76 “uel M 0£ 68 S Or Lv 0 pues] weIpeyD ‘Avg suaydayg TE Z spuv[sy sogedyyjsy M +v6L N L8 auoz [eueD ‘eoqyeq L2-£% 9 M OVIE TS N SEDL eueueg ‘epuoy eiyeg CZ-1Z § BuBuBg M 96 66 N IS 91 oorxayy ‘oondvoay = SI-tl Sob M s£ 101. N ZE Zt ooxayy ‘Avg ofauvjenyig ZI-Il §£ M SZ 0S +Ol N OS 9T 61 oorxayy ‘Avg eynvoeuay, 01-6 2 M IT £2 N 92 901 OoIxayy] ‘Ue]}Eze yy 8-2 I I£6I ‘99q OOTX9 [A] surivag £31]0I07 avq 101jv19 ce6r-1€6l HO NOILIGHdXY OIWIOVd MOOONVWH NV'TIV 273 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 M OT IT SIE N OF 12 82 BIUIOFI[ED JaMoT ‘ysvod 3saAQ ‘puL]s] sorpay 4 £7 M SI ZS tIT N Ob 6€ LZ BIUIOFI[ED JaMoT YsvoD ysaAQ ‘Avg ap31n J, +7 7 M Ob 9T +1ET N 90 22 = BLUAOZITED AIMOT YsvoD 3saAA ‘puL|s] UgIoUnsY €Z 1Z M OT IZ OIF ~N ST SZ 42 BIUIOFI[ED JO FIND ‘puvysy ojuvg nysrdsqy OZ-LZT = 0Z M O£ TS SOL N 02 2S 12 oorxayy] “‘pueysy [oqes] 91 61 M SZ 0S tO N OS 91 6T oorxayy ‘Avg eynvoeua J, ST 81 M 9566 N TS 91 oorxayy ‘oopndeoy = I-27 LT OOIX9TJ Moot BON © 22 St ENZvIVIIN ‘OJULIOD 6-9 91 BNZBIBOIN] 7661 “G9 shutsva g 471)0907 aq uorjvis Vou. 1 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 274 ‘yoy ‘ai0yg MA $0 00 18S £7 ZT Z Jopenog ‘Avg vualy Burg ‘BAvig JUlOg 1Z ££-61 ‘UO; 3]qed IvaU ural] ‘swmoyI}Z MA Sb 8S 08 S tt IE Z Jopenog ‘peyaqry eT 1Z ££-81 WqSrT o1joayq ‘aseioyouejw = MA ZT SS 08 «= § $0 ZT Z Jopenog ‘pexoqrT eT HO — 02 ELLE "yooy ‘atoyg «SMA 42 SS 08~=—S LT EL Z Jopenog ‘pewaqry vy Jo y3nog 02 £f-91 ‘[[2ys ‘pueg ‘swoyiey Or AA OF 9S 08 § OF 40Z Jopenog ‘peyeqry &T HO 4 €£-ST ‘sayojed yoOI YYIAA pues “sumoy es iE=G M ce 9S 08 S0e- Gk ZS JOpLvnogay ‘AUG eualy bURS “eked eT ¥O A €E-tl WYSTT 91I}09 [7 ‘adeioyoue WV M cl SS 08 S $0 ZI 2 IOpenoy ‘pellaqry eT BO 6I ¢S-¢l1 ‘purg ‘swowpseyt =A OF £S 08 = § ST ZEZ Jopenog ‘pewoqry ey Iw yowaq yO oT ce-cl ‘WYSV] WAjoapq ‘esvioyouwjyw = AA ZT SS 08 = § $0 ZZ Jopenog ‘ptzaqry &T ¥O 81 £E-11 ‘yooy ‘atoyg = MA SZ 00 18 ST Jopenoy Julog bualgy B3URg Fo YING 81 ££-01 ‘pues ‘suomeys-¢ M $0 $$ 08 § OF ZZ Jopenog ‘peiaqry &T HO 81 ££-6 WS] WsaPq ‘aserogoueiw = MA ZT SS 08 = S $0 ZT Z Jopenog ‘peyoqry eT HO LT ££-8 Jopenoy ‘yoy “Sunoayjooatoyg = MAE TBO UN OOS £& vucued jo Avg‘purys] ojadjepy OT coy BIquIo]OF) Suyjoajjoo puke] pueaioyg MAE OL CN OLS 8 auoZ [Bury ‘eoqieg eI ££-9 ‘Burj0a]]00 pue] puvaroyg =A OF TE 08 N SE th L vueued ‘epuoy eryeg = OT. £E-S BuwBUuEg *‘SUI}I9|[09 puR] pue alcyg M 90 96 N St SI oorxay ‘Avg ejosue 7, ejosue 7, 9 €f-+ ‘SuNoajjoo puey puearoyg = MA BT TOT ON OZE LT oorxayy] ‘ABg uepeiad + gc-6 “Suyj0a][09 pue] puke alogg = MA: «6b FOL N SS LI 6 ooixayy ‘Avg ejneovUa T, £ ee-2 €or ‘uel “wi0ys Ul susmmToads yO2q = AA «OF 80 EIT N SZ 8S SZ elUIOFeD JaMOT Gulog ooluenf{ ueg Yosaturgp —aTE €E-1 OOIX9 JI ZL61 (9d SyADWMIY SHu1LMvIg 47110207 IWVq wUolDvis ft6l JO NOILIGHdX4 OIMIOVd WOOONVH NVTIV 275 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 ‘yoy “Yoo Jayory aysoddo ajogg = =s MA “OT ‘TE 68 ~—S_ «Ob 6b 0 purjs] weyeyo ‘Avg suaqdaig =o EE EZ "yoy ‘smOmIey> AA SS ZE 68 § Ob OS 0 puvys] weyeyy ‘keg youn josey Of ~— EET WYSIT ojoay ‘asesopouy = MA 6b LZ 06~— SS 85 HE CT puvjsy sapeyS ‘Avg ayQwog = 62 €£-0b puejs] ‘u00SeR] JO 9104S M 60 92 06 S 8S tI. IT sajreyg ‘Aeg juesrow10D vou ‘uoOSeT oSurwe] J 62 €£-6¢ ‘yooy ‘al0ysg M 0S SZ 06 «#©§ 6S HET pue|s] sapieVyD UIOg JURIOUIIOD Jo ysvayyNog 62 €E-8E VYSTT o1jo9]q ‘asei1oyouy M 6+ LZ 06 S 8S tI T purysy sajreyo ‘Aeg aoe 3s0g 8Z €E-LE *YI[O Wory adedaas UT M SZ +2 06 S SZ 02 T purjs] sajieyy ‘s,jause AA ssouoieg 8Z €E-9¢ “‘BuNI2][0D pur] M SE 82 06 S ST T pueysy sapreyg ‘s.19y3 Ny 82 SEESE VST oj09/q ‘aseioyouy M 6+ LZ 06 S 8S +1 I purysy sajreyD ‘Avg ado sod LZ SE-bE ‘yooy *e10ysg M Cr 62 06 S 9:97 t purys] saivyD ‘yovog yor| gq L@ ££-£E VST o1j09;q ‘“aseioyouy M 9S 62 06 S 9b OT T puts] soreyD ‘eseioyouy yoveg youlg 92 €E-ZE “BUIAIG, “SUIOIILS + M ST 6£ 68 S- cS. dé. 1 pueysy poopy ‘Avg Jaupiey O16 Co-TE ‘yooy ‘“atoyg) = MA ST «66 68 = § ZS CZ TT puvjs] pooy ‘Avg Joupivy 92 €£-0£ VYSVT o11j090/q “adesioqouy M OF 6£ 68 CIGT= Ze. 1 pues] pooyy ‘Avg Jaupiey SZ €£-67 “SUIAIC] "SWIOYILF Z MA OT OF 68 S 0F cc T puv|sy pooy ‘Avg Jaupiey 4 ££-872 "yoy ‘ar0ys MA SS 6£ 68 S OL &ZT pues] poopy ‘Aeg Jaupiey SZ €E-LZ VST o1j090/q ‘asvioyouy MA OF 6£ 68 Quctce i pues] pooy ‘Aeg Jaupiey +2 €£-97Z “pues ‘suloyjyes 7 MA OF 6£ 68 Sasorta I puey|sy pooy ‘Avg Jaupirey +2 €¢-S? ‘yoo ‘purysy usogs¢ ‘a10yg MA ST GE 68 GEZG 7e Tl pues] pooy ‘Avg Joupiey +2 €$-bZ "sarod rj[nu ‘yooyy “sMIOy LF OT M ST SO T8 SEGA! Jopenog ‘purysy vivid XT yO (“4 ££-£7 *3U1}09]]09 pu] pue a10y4g M OT SO 18 S 9L I Jopenog ‘purs] eje[g &T Zo €£-2Z ‘Buryd2[[09 pue] pue aroyg) = MA 60 ZS: O8-~=—§ SO SET Jopenog ‘pue|s] osuryes (ad ££-1Z WS] W409/q ‘asesoyouejW = MA ZI S$ 08 § $0 212 Jopenog ‘pryaqry &T HO 1Z €£-02 spuvy]sy sofedeyeg £e6q “uel SysDIUIY shutsvag 471]0207 avq uouvis VoErr! ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 276 VSI] OsQ09;q ‘aseioyouy M It 22 16 S £1 91 0 pue]s] ajivwmaq|y ‘aAod snse y 8 €£-+9 ‘yooy ‘swoywyzZT AMA Sh +216 § Ss ZI 0 pues] ajivmoqry Iystg yorig 8 ££-£9 ‘yoy ‘atoyg) = =M Of 7216) «6S Ss ZI 0 purjs] arewoq ry Iysrg youlg 8 €£-79 WYSVT WI]q ‘asvioysuy = MM Ib 72 16 = § £1 91 0 pues] ajrewaqy ‘aAoD snse Jy, L €£-19 VYSIT soa; q ‘aseioyouy M 6+ LZ 06 S285 tit pues] sajreyyD ‘Avg ajc ysog 9 €¢-09 ‘yooy ‘suomey ET AM OF 9706 STE tI pues] sajivyD ‘Avg juesowsoy ¥O 9 ££-6S ‘yooy ‘etoyg = MA 97 «97 06S S Le HT TT puvjs] sajivyD ‘Avg jue10WLI0D 9 ££-8S ‘yoo1 ‘pueg ‘swmompey> AMA 8b S706 § SZ STI purjs] sajieyD ‘Avg ao1yO 30g 9 EE-LS pue|s] *yooy, *e1oys M 8 92 06 S §S tL I sajieyy ‘Avg JueIOWIOD yo ‘Aeg osurweypy is €£-9¢ ‘yooy ‘smomjey 09 =A OE LE 06~—~=«S «OF C0 T pue]s] sajieyS fo Bayon, S €£-SS ‘yooy ‘somes OIE = AA 02 02 06~= «= § 6S 0 puvs] a[qesyesapuy fo Nog S €£-S WS W1j09/q ‘ase1oyouy = MA Sb 02 «06~—S SS SS SH 0 puvys] ajqesyejapuy ‘Avg Awapeoy + E£-ES ‘pooy ‘a10yg = MA IT 02 :06~—S tI S40 purjs] ajqesnejepuy ‘Avg Awapeow => f£-cs *‘pueg ‘sulou3es OI-p M OL 02 06 S SE St 0 puv|s] ajqesnesapuy ‘Avg Awaproy + SE-1S YS O141}09/q ‘oseroyouy M St 02 06 S SS Sb 0 pues] a[qesyesjapuy ‘Aeg Awapeoy ¢ ££-06 "yoy “et0ygS = MA 82 02 «06~—Ss Ss: ST SH 0 puejs] a[qesnejopuy ‘Avg Awepeoy g ££-6b ‘poy ‘eloyg AAC 06—‘é‘SS:s SECTS CO puejs] uojsurieg re €£-8b ‘SUIAIg ‘swomeyzZ MM 72006 § Sf IS 0 pues] uoysurieg Z ff-Lb “WoOY “SuUIOyILF OT-p M 70 06~=S§ SE TS 0 puvjs] uojsutieg Z €£-9b “U1a}se JOUMOT, AA 06 =«6S os 0 pues] uoSurieg YO I €£-Sb ‘apt 3 weadjsd M OF 62 68 § $$ $$ 0 purys] weyjeyD ‘Avg 1ajyemysel J I €$-tb f£6l “Gq *purg ‘yooy ‘swOyIey ZT MA 02 O£ 68 = “OF 84:0 puvys] weyjeygy ‘Aeg suaqdajg Te €f-£t efor ‘uel SyLvULIY Shursva g 471007 I0qQ uo1jvis 217 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC . . FRASER No. 3 ‘pues ‘smomeys—T M 0S 02 06 S§ Sz sz 0 pur|s] inowag yng HO 81 ££-b8 ‘WqSrT ojoajq ‘asesoysuy = MAC *0Ht—é«*S:«O_'HZ_'*O pues] inowkeg ynog HO LT ££-£8 ‘si9]PPlq ‘sey PH “puejs] uapy azsoddo a10yg = MA OF ££ 06 ~=S (02 SEO pues] a[qesnejapuy ‘Avg Aemuoy =— {Ts £§-BZ8 "YOON “puvysi [[euis foaroyg AA ST ZE 06 S§ SZ TE 0 puejsy ajqesnejopuy ‘Avg Aemuoy LI ££-Z8 ‘pug ‘suomyey9 =A ££ 06 S§ OF ZE 0 pues] aqesnesapuy ‘Avg Avmuoy 91 ££-18 ‘[E1OD “JazwAs MoTeYS = MA “OOS:« EH :06-~=—S_~0Z SZ —O puejsy] uvoung ST ££-08 ‘Bunoa]]09 puejuy ==» «MA “0S «Eb 06~=—«§ (02 SZ 0 puejsy ueoung ST ££-6L WSTT ojoalq asvsoyouy = MA OT ££ 06 «6S EO purys] aqesnejopuy ‘Avg Aemuoy ST So-8h ‘WY4SrT ojoa]q ‘asesoyouy = MA $7 «SS :06-~=— SS 85 SEO puvjs] aiemaqiy ‘Avg osewey = $T. €E-LL ‘pues ‘alogg YON = AA SS «LS 06-~—s SS: “COL HE 0 pues] ajiemaqiy ‘Avg osejieD +1 €£-9L YS] o1jo9/q ‘“aseioyouy M +255 06 § 85 SE 0 pueys] ajrewaqy ‘Avg oSeyieD €T €E-SL ‘sayojed Yyoor WWM puvg ‘suoyIes9-¢ MA Sb LS 06 S 8E FE 0 pues] apiewaqry ‘Avg osewey = + E-bL ‘saaoi1sueul ‘pues ‘yooy ‘aioyg YON =6 AA SS LS 06~—=—S “OF HE (0 puvjs] ajivmaqyy ‘Avg osvz1eD EI €£-£L WYSIT oMO9}q ‘ase1oyouy = MA $2 «SS 06S 8S SEO puels] ajiemaqyy ‘Avg osvyey = ZT. ££-ZL ‘pues ‘yooy ‘atoyg) =A 02 «TS 06-~=— SS: 9S *TT 0 puvysy samef ‘eg souef = ZT EE-1L ‘IYSIT ojo9;q ‘aSvsroyouy = AA 80 275 06 ~=— S20 ZT 0 puvjsy sauef ‘keg sowef = ZT ££-OL ‘ajduies pnyy “Joyem MofeyS = AAET 6 CN O60 0 puejs] ajiewaqiy Wulog aj1ewaq.y IT ££-869 ‘spot opm poy “arogg «=e MA ES 6 CN (600 pues] aprewmaqiy Iulog ajreweqiy Ir ££-69 "yooy ‘toys = MA SE SE T6)) 6S ST £0 0 pue|sy ajremaqyy ‘Aajaysag adeD Fo yynog Or ££-89 ‘WSIT O09;q ‘asvioyouy = AA Th 27 16S ET OT 0 purjs] ajrewmaq)y ‘aoD snse 7, 6 ££-L9 ‘vxiuuidvivg *yod 19\Sqo] 0} payoeye dvij yovos payieg ‘swoy3ey ¢-Z M Ib 216 SLI 9T 0 purys] ajremaqyy ‘aaoD snse yz, 6 €£-299 ‘sarodt]jnu ‘pueg ‘swoyyes 0Z-0T M Iv 22 16 =6§ LE OT OO pues] arewaq|y ‘Ao snse J, 6 ££-99 oOd Ja M +2 16 = S «OF STO purlsy eiemaq y [ITH snse J, Jo y10u ‘faoy 6 ££-S9 ££6T “GA syivuay shutwwag £41]090T aq uoyvis Vot. 1 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 278 WS] W}00/q ‘eBesoyouy =A Zh 9S 68) «=6ON ST OL OO puvjs] Jomoy, ‘Avg uraieg 97 €£-ZOT *[BIOZ *19}BMA MOT]EYS M tI LS 68 N 8I 61 0 pues] JamMoy ‘Avg uimieqg 92 €f-P LOL ‘yooy ‘atoyg = MA FT LS 68 )=ON 81 GT ‘0 puvjs] Jamoy, ‘Avg ured 92 €£-101 3ST oa[q ‘aseioyouy = AA Zp 9S 68) =6ON ST 61 OO puvjs] Jomoy, ‘Avg uIMieg SZ €£-001 ‘sajsuey, ‘smoyiey+-€ AM 0S 95 68 N +2 610 puryjs] Jamoy, ‘Keg ured SZ ££-66 ‘poy ‘al0yg = AA tT OLS 68)«=6ON 81 61:0 puvjs] Jamoy, ‘Keg urmieqd SZ ££-36 *[e1o0y “IOJEM MOT[eEYUS M tI IES 68 N ST 61 0 pues] IogMOT, ‘keg UIMIEG b LA ££-L6 ‘yooy ‘layem Moyeyg = AA tT LS 68 ~«=60N 81 61 0 puvs] Jomoy, ‘Avg urmieg +7 ££-96 *sdevi} qs ‘aIOYSEO M LS 9¢ 68 N 87 6I 0 puejsy IgMOT, ‘Keg UIMIEG £~ £l-BS6 *19Je1ID ur oye] jo 3104s M VAI) LS 68 N St 02 0 pueysy IIMOT, ‘ABT UIMIE CG $Z £o-S6 *[e10D “IOJBEM MolT[TeUS M +1 LS 68 N ST 61 0 pues] IIMO T, ‘keg UIMIv CG co ££-+6 "yovog uoosey ‘al0ug = MA Sb 9S 68 N 82 61 0 puvjsy Jomoy ‘Avg urmieg cz ££-£6 ‘VYSTT 911}99/7 ‘aseIoyouy M cr 9¢ 68 N St 61 0 pues] IoMOT, ‘keg UIMIEG vA ££-26 ‘VYSTT o11j09/q ‘adeioyouy MA Cr 9S 68 N SI 61 0 puv[s] JoMoy, ‘Avg uUIMIeqd 0Z €£-16 "yooy ‘a10yg MA Ly 06 N O€ SE 0 pue|s] uopsurqy 02 ££-06 W4SIT oljoajq eseioyouy = MAC (06s SOO“ ZC puvjs] snowdag yINog YO 61 ££-68 *sjood Jaye MySay M STI 6L 06 S Sb +2 0 pues] InowA9g q3nog 61 €£-e8s ‘pues ‘yooy ‘ar0ygwsaAd MA ST 61 :06~=«S St 42 (0 pues] InowAag yynog 61 ££-88 [194s ‘pueg ‘somes ST AA Ob 61 06 = S 02 &2 0 pues] inowAag yynog HO 61 ££-L8 WWSV] Wjoe1q “eseioysuy MA 02 06 «=6—§ 02 12 0 pues] inowAeg y3n0g HO 81 €£-98 ‘yooy ‘a10ygG) = AA SZ 61 06~—S ST EZ 0 puvys] inowAag yI0N SI €E-BS8 ‘yooy ‘at0yg =A SZ 81 06~—=S ST £2 0 pur|s] 1nowAag qION 8I €£-S8 €£61 “429A SYADUIY sbuisvag 4]1]0207 IG Uo01vj{g 279 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 ‘yooy ‘aroyg) = MA ST ZZ «TOT «ON (OF ‘TE LI oorKa ‘Avg Ue LI ££-021 "19yeM ysl = MA ST 90: 96)=SON (OT 94 ST oorxay ‘Avg ejoZue y, vjosur yj, 91 ££-611 ‘pues ‘yooy ‘ar0yg) = MA ST 90 96)=SON (OS “Sh ST oorxayy ‘Avg vjodur 7, ejosur 7, 91 ££-8IT OIX9 TY ‘ysnojs Jo YJNow ye Suulag MA OZ Ob S8 N OZ SE OF BOY &ISOD ‘eiga[ND Wog £1 €£-L1T "[]9y4s ‘pueg ‘swoyIe; Z M O£ 2b S58 ON SE EE OT Bory BISOD ‘BIgajND jog Fo y3Nos ‘Avg soov0D €1 €£-9II ‘ysnojs Suojy ‘atoyg = AA 02 Ob S8 ON 02 SZ OT BOTY BISOD ‘eaqa[ng Wog ZI §§-STT BONY] BJSOT) *[PI0D “IOJVM MOT[eYS M $S IE 18 N 9b tv L euUeUued ‘epuoyy viqeg OL £E-tll ‘purg ‘smoyjeyg-¢ AA IS ZE 18 N 8l Sb vuvued ‘epuoyy eiyeg 6 ££-£1T ‘jood sayemysalg =6 AA OL ££ 18) ON ST SH L eurvurd ‘epuoyy eryeg 6 €£-Z11 ‘yooy ‘aloyg = MA COT «EE TS ON ST SH L euvued ‘epuoy eryeg 6 €£-I1I "meo1}s JayeMyserj ‘puey ‘uonerg [eorsojorg «= AA Sb £S 6L ON «SE ST 6 auoZ [euRSD ‘pur|s] oprs0joD o1ieg 9 €£-O1T Bsueueg “WedIIS JAJVMYSAIT = MA 81 6S 98) «=ON 9S ZE S puvjs] soo0D ‘Avg weyjeqD £ ££-601 ‘pues ‘swmoywjey+-~ AMA SZ 00 28 N Sb Ze S purjs] sov0D ‘Avg Jaze AA z €£-801 ‘yooy “e10yg) = MA OL 00 Z8_ON Sb ES pue|s] soo0D ‘Avg Jaze AA Z €£-LOT WYSrT o1j0a]q ‘asdvioyouy = MA COOL «6S LZ8) ON (02 ££ S purjs] soo0D ‘Avg wegieyD I €£-901 “yO “a10US M OL 00 L8 N St AS S pue|sy $0907) ‘Avg TIFEMA T €e-SsoL C£61 “AL WYSrT W41j0a1q ‘adeioyouy = AA COT 6S LZ8) ON (O02 ££ S pues] sov0D ‘Avg wempey) 82 ££-+01 *"WIE9I}S J9}BMYSol AA Sa GG 98) Ne OS oe Ss pues] so00p ‘Avg weyjeyy 82 ££-£OT BOTY BISOT) ££6T “Gen SYsDULIY shutsvag 441]020T7 Iq uoyvis Vor ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 280 "yoor ySnoy ‘smomeys9 MM $2 601 N 0+ OF (sourry Of) puvysy uoyeddyy ¥O 9 be-Zh1 ‘ajsuryg ‘a10yg = MA “OT th IT = N OS 02 81 pues] ore ‘eg anydjng § bE-IbT ‘JEON “JVM MOTTEYS == AA OT bh FIT N OS 02 81 pues] wore] ‘keg inydjng § +£-O+T ‘uooSe| Arp ‘pues ‘yooy ‘aioyg = MA COL th $IT ON 0S 02 81 pues] uore]D ‘Avg anqdjng § +£-681 ‘sajsuey, ‘sarodyjnN ‘swoyyeyQs-0F AA SE th IL N Sb 6T 8I pues] uoriey ‘Keg anydjng ¢ bE-8E1 ‘sarodi][nN ‘suoyjey £6 AA SZ Sb tIT N SO GF 8 pues] vores ‘Avg inqdjng S vE-LEL ‘salodi[nN ‘swmomeyze MQ Ob th tIT N SO 02 81 pues] vores ‘Avg inydjng s +E-9ET ‘pues ‘smomeycsZ = AA SZ th tTT N 02 02 81 pur|s] wole]D ‘eg inydjng s HE-SET ‘satodi[nu ‘yooy ‘smomey+T AA 02 th tIT N SE 02 8I puejs] wolie|D ‘Avg inydjng s bE-rE1 ‘purg ‘smoyyesoz =A SE OS OIL N Zt 81 pues] o11090g ‘Avg ayemyseig + +E-EET ‘saiodrjnu ‘pues ‘yooy ‘swoyjey Ob M ST 9S OIL N ST Ib 81 puv|sy o11000g ‘Avg ayremyelg + +£-ZEI *[B109 psi0go7]120g *IOJEM MorTeYys M 0S 9S OTT N St cr 8I pue|s] O11I090$ ‘keg de MYUVICIG ¢ PS-TSt ‘sjood app ‘ajsurys adie] ‘yooy “aroyg = MA «0S «9S OTT N Sb Ch 8I puv]s] 011090g ‘Avg ayremyierg 3 +E-08T ‘saiodr[nu ‘pueg ‘suoyzey 8I-pl AA fT 9S OIL N OF 2b 81 pur|s] 011090g ‘Aug aye yy IeIg 3 +£-621 *sIaplnoq puke sauo}s ad1e] YIM YOY ‘a10ys M 0S 9S OIL N St 2b 8I pur]s] o11090g ‘Avg ayIeMyyeIg Z +E-871 OOIX9 TA +f6r ‘uel t€6I JO NOILIGAdXA OINIOVd YOOONVH NVTTV ‘uooZe’T yo yynow ye ‘aioyg = AA ST «OT ZIT ON OF Lb 42 BIUIOFI[BD Jomo] ‘Avg vie] e}ULS IZ €£-L21 ‘pues AeiIny ‘swoyies ¢Z-¢ M OF £1 ZIT N Sr +7 BIUIOJI[VD JaMoT ‘Avg eiieyA e}ULS IZ €£-971 *[B109 sajtIog ‘JoyeM MOTTeYS == AA SE ES SOT N OF IS IZ oarxayy ‘pueysy [aqes] 61 ££-SZI "yooy ‘210g = MA SE £5 SOT N O€ IS IZ oorxayy ‘puelsy [2qvs] 61 €£-bZ1 ‘ar0ys Woz UT BuTIDa][09 pueT MA LZ 8v POT N 0S 9I 61 oorxay ‘Avg eipvoruay, gf = F£-E2T ‘phur ‘purg ‘swomeyOl-p AMA Ov 8b 4OL N ZI LT 6t oorxayy ‘Aeg evovuay, gf €£-2zI ‘pues ‘yoy “Aeq ay} Jo peay ‘asoyg = MA LZ 8b FOL ON OS 9T OF oorxay ‘Avg eyvowuay, LT = ££ -IZT LO “APY SYADLULIN sHu1svd g £71j0I07 aq wUo1vig 281 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 *19}8 MYSsaly "yooy ‘a10y4s *yooy ‘al0ys ‘gee ‘YOOY “suMOy ey; ¢ ‘JYSTT Olj09/q ‘aseroqouy *yooy ‘a10yg YS] oj09/q ‘aseioyouy "119qs ‘pueg ‘suoyie} ST-OT "YOY ‘SWIOMIF OOT-08 *BOZOAIG ‘sarodrjjnu ‘yoy “suoyieF 09-05 ey Cath: ie od | *sdaAOISUBUL ‘sjood apy ‘yaoi BAeT ‘a10yg [RIOD *19}BM MOT[eYS ‘VWSTT o11}09/q ‘aseioyouy "yoy, *a10y§ ‘sarodi[nu ‘yoy ‘suo EF OZ ‘sailodi[[nu ‘yooy ‘suloy}eF $Z-ZT *solodr[nu [e109 ‘yooy *swoYyies OF ‘sjood ap ‘yv0y *a10Yyg ‘sayojed yOoI WIM pueg ‘suOyIeys /-9 *yooy “a10yS *saqn} WIOM ‘sa1odijjnu ‘[e10d “*suoyIe} OST-OOT sysDUay Sb 8b 06 06 06 06 06 16 T6 16 16 16 16 16 16 T6 16 16 16 16 16 T6 T6 16 NI NDNNNDNAINNN DUD nM Z 4ZA4AAINDNDDIDOD Shura g 81 TI puvys] sopreyD “suridg sranry 8I +£-491 9¢ OT T pues] sojivyy ‘qoveg yorlg gi +£-£91 9€ OTT pur|s] sajieyD ‘qovag yorlg 8T ve-c9l Or OT T pues] sajreyD ‘yovog yorlg HO LT vE-L9OT 9v OT T pues] sajreyD “yoeog yovjg YO 9T be-09T Sb 2S 0 purjs] ajiewoq;y Qurog Jaydoyst1yD Fo YON oT vE-6ST fl 91 0 puejs] arewoqy ‘aao0D snse 7, ST +E-8S1 80 91 0 puvys] apiewmaqiy SAoD snse yz, ST bE-LST 0S 91 0 puvls] a[remaqiy “AoD snsey, yO ST vE-9S1 Sb 91 0 purys] aivwagiy ‘aAo0D snsey, yo ST bE-SST Or ST O pues] aivwoaqy [ITH snsey Jo you jooy ST vE-bST LI. 0 pues] Ysno1oqieyy fo yurod yseayVION +1 $E-SST 80 9T 0 pue[sy a[fewoq 7 A0D snse f, +I VvE-CSI €l 91 0 pues] ejieuaq;y ‘aAoD snse 7, €I +E-1ST 90 91 0 pue]sy a1eulaq,y ‘aAo0g snse J, €I +S-0SI th 91 0 puv|s] ajiewoaqy ‘aaoD snse 7, eI +£-6t1 It oT 0 pue|sy o[Fewoq| V7 ‘QA0D sn3e T, eT tE-8tl 8£ 9T O purjsy ajivewiaqiy ‘aAo0g snse 7, or +£-Lbl 60 0 pues] aiwwoq;y Qurog ajiewoaq,y ral HE-9bT St 80 0 pues] e[teuog| 7 Suiog o[fewog yy cl be-Stl Or cc I pueysy UeWIUO AA It ve-btl OF 2 T pue[sy uemUus\A PO IT be-ftl spuBysy sogedeyey peor ‘uel A}1]0I0T Iq 101]0]§ Vor.4 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 282 ‘pny ‘swiomeyze =A th £5 06~=«S LS tf 0 pur|s] ajreuoqy ‘Avg oder) YO SZ bE-S8I ‘uooSe] puke yoy ‘aloyg = AMA “OOF *TS :06~— SS SE ZT 0 pues] some ‘Avg sou +2 +£-+81 "[]2Ys ‘Yooy ‘swoyiey0/-0S AM 80 25 06 SS Sb OT 0 spuvys] soul pue Aueqiy waaMjog +2 +S-£81 "PUBS ASIVOD ‘SUIOYILF OF M tI 2 06 =§ 9S OT O puvjs] sour [ ‘keg sowefl yO +2 +£-Z81 ‘yooy ‘swomeyoz MAM ZI 726 06 § 20 IT 0 puvjsy sowef ‘keg some fl yO +2 +£-18T *]EIOD “JajeM MOTTRYS AMA ZI SE 06 § 20 LT 0 puv|sy sowef ‘keg uvarjng £Z +£-081 ‘yoo vary ‘aioyG =M Sh tf 060 «6S «LTO pue|s] sowef ieou ‘purjsy Mowojoqueg £Z +£-6L1 ‘yoor ysnoy ‘swomeyop MM SE 06 S 910 pues] sowie ‘Keg uvarjng £Z +£-8L1 ‘saqojed pues yIIM yooy ‘swmoywyQZ-¢ MA ST SE 06 S§ OF 9T 0 puvjs] sowef ‘Avg uvarjng £Z PE-LLI WQS] o1j09/q ‘adeIoyouy M 02 06 S 02 +2 0 pueysy InowAag yNos YO Ze +E-9LT ‘apoghoQ ‘pueg ‘aroyg = MACiZ (06S §:O (“47 *O puv[s[ inowxsg yInN0g = Z@Z_—S HE-BSLT “yo0y “eros M SZ 61 06 S st £2 0 pue|sy InowAag qiioN HA +E-SLI *SuUI}09] [09 pur] ‘pues ‘yooy ‘azoysisa4a = OZ (06~Ss S.::*OO «“42 «+0 puvys] anowrfag y3ynog zz bE-bLI ‘saqojed yoo1 WIM pues ‘smoyeyo AMA SZ 6106 = § OT Sz 0 puvys] snowAag yynos FO cz +E-EL1 *‘spruos103 ‘slap[nog ‘yooy “suIOmIeF ZT =A Ob 62 68 = S OF LH O puejsy weypeyD ‘Aeg suaydayg 12 +£-ZL1 ‘SAUT][B109 ‘puURS DUTY “SWIOIILF Ob-SE AMA OT OF 68 § OF 9b 0 purys] wepeyo ‘Aeg suaydaig YO 1Z vE-TLT *SIUI[[P109 ‘pues DUTY ‘sUIOyILT ZF M If 68 S 0€ Lb 0 pues] wemieyy ‘Avg suaydajig 1Z +£-0LT ‘aed[e “yoor ‘pueg ‘swoyjesysz-Ss—t MM LZ 61 06 SS 8I 94 0 pues] aqesnesapuy ‘Avg Awaproy 0z +£-691 ‘yooy ‘ar0yS = TT 02 06~=«=§ FT St 0 puv|s] afqesnesapuy ‘Aeg Awoapeoy 0z +£-891 ‘yooy ‘swmoyjIeystT AM 80 8706 SLE tT T pues] sapieyD ‘Avg auyO sog 61 $E-L9T ‘oom ‘9t0ggS) MA SS 62 06-~=—S§ BE LTT purys] sapieyD ‘yovag youlg 61 +£-991 ‘purjug S§s MA SZ 42 06~«=S§ SZ OZ T puels] sajiey ‘s,toude AA ssouoieg 8T +£-S9T Poot ‘uel SYADULIY shurswwag 44110207 ajvq 101;019 283 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 ‘pooy ‘aloyg = AMA 0:00: T8-—s—s GS EZ ZT Z Jopenog ‘eualy vjuRg JUIOg Jo y3Nog 8 +£-L0Z ‘uinssesivg Sunvoly MQ 0S $$ 08 S§ 9F O12 Jopenog ‘peyeqry ey yo ‘Avg euayy eyueg 8 $£-902 ‘]]2ys ‘pueg ‘swomjeyZI-§ AMA 0S $$ 08 § 9E OLZ Jopenog ‘peyioqry eT yo ‘Avg eualy ejueg 8 +£-S0Z Jopenoy vE6T “G9 ‘pues ‘swoyyeyog AMA SI 6 68 S§ OF OZT pur[s] pooyy ‘Avg Jaupiey If +£-10Z *‘yooy ‘suoI3eF0Z M Ob OF 68 S$ OZ IZT puvjs] poopy ‘Avg Jaupiey If $£-£0Z ‘yoy ‘aloyg = MA ST 6£ 68 )~=—§ ZS CZ pues] pooy ‘Avg Joupiey ‘purys] ulogs¢o Ig +£-Z0Z *‘YOOY “SUIOYILF $¢-SZ M S50 06 06 «=©S§ SS IZ T puejs] pooy ‘Avg Jaupiey Oo If +f 10Z ‘yooy ‘suoyjesOp-SZ M ST OF 06 S§ 9S ITT puejs] sajieyD “yovag yorlg HO Of +£-002 ‘yooy ‘ar0yg) SMA SS 62 06~=—S§ BE LTT purys] sajievyD ‘yorag yorlg Of +£-661 ‘pues ‘smmoyjeys9-s¢ MA ££ 06 § OF 60T pues] sajieyD ‘Avg 20tyQC 3sog Jo saMy}ION 62 +£-861 ‘yooy ‘sMOmIEFOP-SE MOL TE 06 SST ITT puejs] sajieyD ‘Avg a0ujQ 3sog HO 6z +£-L61 *yoor ysnoy ‘swoyIeFOI-8 AMA IT 82 06 S$ 9S HIT puejs] sojieyD ‘keg aoe 3sog 62 $£-961 ‘pues ‘yooy ‘suoyjey08-0L MA $f 06 § 650 puejs] sojreyD Fo YON 6z $£-S61 12109 “19IVIQD «=e MA L097: 06—CS «OT ~XHCST puejs] sajieyD Jo y310u “puvysy MojsuC, lz t£-+61 ‘aeBe ‘yoor ‘pueg ‘swoyjeyOt-§ AA ZE L706 S Lb ett purys] sajivyD ‘Avg au isog lz $£-£61 ‘yoor ysnoy ‘swowjeyOcI AA 6£06 S +0T pue|s] ajivueq|y Jo pua yyNOs fo yseq lz $£-Z61 *pueg ‘suloyjies O/ M O£ 06 S ss 0 pues] ajiewoaq]y Jo pua yyNOs Fo seq 97 +E-161 ‘sasodijjnu ‘purg ‘suroyiey 09-85 M 0£ 06 § ci) pueys] apiewaq)]y JO pua qyNos fo ysvy 92 +£-061 [RIOD *1a}eM MOT[LYS M £2 IS 06 CeLS=Z5e0 purys] ajivwaqy ‘Avg odejieD 62 +£-681 ‘pues ‘yooy ‘aloysyWoN =A SS LS 06~—=—§ ~*OL HE OO pues] ajivwaqy ‘Avg o8vj1eD SZ $£-881 ‘soqojed yoo yJIM puvg ‘swomesOI-g MA IT LS 06 S§ 81 9 0 puejs] ajivmoqy ‘Avg osvjzieD SZ +£-L8I ‘sorodi][nu ‘pues asivoy ‘swoyyeyz7g AA If ZS 06 SS ZI +E 0 purjsy ajaevmaqiy ‘Avg oSeeD YO SZ +£-981 $£6y ‘uel sysvuay shuisvag 471]0207 IwWq uoyvis Vot. 1 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 284 erIquiojoy) ‘pues ‘pny M +1 8L N07 952 ‘spuv|s] B[[IU0dI0D pue euosI0y usaMjag ZI +E-87Z *[eIO-) *suOyIeF 9-¢ M OL +1 82 ~«ON LS @ BIqUO]O_D ‘pue]s] BU0SION FO et vE-L7~ ‘sarodr[nu ‘JaAeIg) *suWOM eT OZ M +1 8L NOS LS Z BIQUIO[O_D ‘puRs] BUDZIODN FO Zl +£-97Z “s[[ays peap adie] ‘swoyiwyOt-8 AMA Sb el 8L N SS 85 Z BIQUIO]O_ ‘purjs] BU0SIOD YO ra b£-S7Z T]2Ys Jaavsy ‘swomesOT AMA 0% ET 8L N Sb 65 Z BIQUIO[OD ‘puR|s] BU0SION YO = ZIT. bE-b22 *S[[9YS [[EUUS YIM pues “smOyreF CE M OF ff 8L = N OS 00 € BIqUIO[OD ‘pur|s] vUOBION FO ct HL-£07 ‘JEIOD ‘19ywAM MOTTRYS AMA OF TT 8L N OF 65 Z BIQUIO[O_D “pue|s] BUOSI0L ra bE-22Z *[[2Y8 ‘Yooy “suoyeT OZ M OL 8Z NSZIE BIQUIO]OZD ‘puL|s] BUDSIODN YO ZI 4-122 *aARvis ‘pny ‘SWIONIEF OST M 60 8L N SZ 10 € BIQUIO]OZ_D ‘puR]s] BUOSION FO AI 46-072 ‘PNY ‘SMIONIF Cp M SS OL 8ZL =sN 10 ¢ BIQUIO[OD ‘puLRIs] BUDZION FO A +£-61Z ‘yooy “aloyg = MA SH IT 8L)«ON (OF 00 € BIqUIO[O_D ‘pur|s] eU0SION FO rat b£-81Z BIquIo]O7) ‘Joor ‘yooy ‘smomeyZ MM 0S 8008 N 060 Jopenog ‘oostouriy ueg ade FO I +E-LIZ ‘yonyy ‘swomeyoz MM 4008 N OS SE 0 Jopenog ‘Keg oosiouesy ueg II bE-91Z ‘sligep ‘pny, ‘swoyeT Z M 0+ SO 08 N Ob 8E 0 Jopenoy ‘Aeg oostouely ues Il $£-SIZ *yoor ‘pnyyy ‘swmoyIey Z M Of 90 08 N OF 6£ 0 Jopenoy ‘oostourig ueg aded FO Il $E-b1Z "sarodry[nu ‘yooy “swmoyIes OT-L M ST SO 18 S Sc ST T Jopenog ‘purjs] veg &T JO OT VE-£172 “pny ‘yooy ‘smOyeF $¢-Sh M ST +0 18 S SEE Jopenoy ‘pur|sy e3e[/q &T JO OT $E-C1~ “yooy “e10gs MA OT SO T8 S 1} Jopenoy ‘puels] 838] q &T or vE-1I2 *spruodi103 ‘s]jays ‘yooy *swoyieF /-¢ M 8S 08 SS2 1 Z Jopenog ‘Aeg eua[q ejuesg ‘9104s qyNos IeaNy 6 +£-01Z *‘spluosi103 ‘s]Jays adie] ‘Yooy ‘swomeZOI-§ AA ST 0018 § 02 802 Jopenog ‘Avg euayy eueg HO 6 +£-602 "s][9YS [[BWs ‘pues ‘suo g-/ M SE 9S 08 S Sb 60 2 Jopenog ‘Avg eualy Bjueg 6 $£-802 bE6l “Gea SYADULIY shursvag 47110207 30qQ Uo01jvI19 285 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 *yooY ‘sUIOmILF OZ-ST M SS ZE T8 N 91 te Z ewueueg ‘epuoy eryeg (Gb b£-6b2 *1[2Ys ‘pny, *suoyIeF OE-SZ M LO ££ 18 N ty L eueueg ‘epuoy eiyeg ‘eq jo juIod y3nNos YO lo 45-8bZ *TeIO- “toyeBAA MOTTeYS M 65 ce 18 = N Cf fb ZL euued ‘epuoy eiyeg eA bt-Lr7e ‘joorsAyooy = MA Ob 2E TS ON ST Eb ZL eueueg ‘epuoy eiqeg IZ b£-9b7 *salodr{jnu T[ays ‘YoY “suIOYIeF ¢Z-ST M &2 SE 18 NOLL eueueg ‘epuoy eiqeg yo ‘purysy e1ooeg HO TZ. +£-SHe ‘pout 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“HIOy “e10YS M 02 02 LL ~=ON OT 68 S$ BIqUIO]OD “VII3/) 340g +1 $E-Cl7~ “POY “SuOyIeF OT M Te 22" ON 82 S BIQUIO[OD ‘sajuaTII0D adeD FO eT E-TE? “poy “swmoyies ST-OT M SS 0€ LL N O02 82S (sayuati10D aded) Avg eiqey af +£-0£2 *‘pueg ‘WiedI}s IvaU a10YS IAGRE OG LE IN O0Gl6C09 BIQUIO]OD ‘(sa}UaTIIOD aden) Avg evqeD §I +£-677 sysDULIY PEGE “GN 471j]0907 310q u011015 VoL. 1 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 286 ‘pueg ‘smoqieyczZ MM Ob 82 TOL N OF OF LI OdIXaTA] ‘URI AP OLIOJAY FO SIA € $E-L9Z “yIOy “swmuoyyey io M OF Le TOL N O£ fet OOTXI [I ‘ued ap O1IIOJAT jo qynog £ 2-992 "]]2ys ‘pues preyy ‘smomeyOT-¢ AA bf LZ TOT N Sb TE LT oorxayyy ‘Avg uepieiad ¢ $£-S9Z “spruoSiod ‘yooy ‘smomIe}coZ = MA SS 62 TOL N OS O€ LI OoTxaY] ‘SIBIIY AY AA JO YING Z $£-+9Z ‘pny ‘smomeyog AM Ob TE TOL N SE 82 LI oorxafl ‘SIBIIY AYAA BO Z $£-£92 ‘Phy ‘smMomIe; OPT-OOL AA ££ TOL N ST 82 LI OdTXaJAl ‘SIVITY AIT AA HO Sayruy ¢ (a $£-Z9Z "JEIOD ‘Joy MOTTEYS =A $27 $0 96 =N LE Sb ST oorxa yy] ‘Avg ejosue y, ejosue y, 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OZ M OF OF 06 N OS LTO pues] e0]purg HO £ Se-LOEe *YOOI BART *fooy M €£ 06 N Sb 02 0 pues] eo[purg 4 S£-90£ spuvysy sogedsyesy PE61 “29d SYADUIY shursvag 7 £]1]090T aq uoyvig Sa ee St6l HO NOILLIGHdXH OIWIOVd YOODNVH NVTIV Voi. 1 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 290 ‘pues ‘yooy ‘alogG =O (06~Ss« Ss 0 «487 :«CO0 pue|s] Inowsag y3ynog ai SE-OSE [24s ‘pueg ‘swoyiesstT MA 0S 02 06 = § SZ sz 0 puejs] InowiA9g yINog YO as SE-6b§ ‘[]2yYs ‘pues ‘yooy ‘swomeysotT AA O01 02 06 = = § ST +20 puvjs] InowAag WON HO €I S£-8bE ‘]]24s ‘oor ‘pug ‘swompeyg AL 0S 6106 S $20 puels] mnowAag yIJON YO a SE-LbE "1124s ‘pny ‘suoyzesz ¢¢ M 0S 12 06 S SZ +2 0 spurs] suydrg pure inowdsag yyNog UIaMjag el C£-9bE “[]2gs ‘Poy *suuoyyes OF M Or IZ 06 S 0S +2 0 Spuvy[s]T auyded pue InowAag UusdMjIg om § So-Ste *[BIOZD “1ayvM MOT[EYS M SE FE 06 S LI 0 pue]s] sawef Ivau ‘purjsy Mawojoyjieg cl CE-trE ‘yooy a10yg MA £1 S606 =6«6S— LT OO puvys] soul ‘Avg uvarng Fal SE-EbE ‘yooy ‘atoyg = MA SE HE 06~=~=6SSCLT OO puvjs] sowie ivou ‘puvysy Mawojoyeg rat S£-TbE ‘IBS |e pal ‘sayozud pues YJIM yooy ‘smoyIey0Z AA 0Z SE 06 S§ OF 9T 0 puvjsj sou ‘Aeg uearjng A SE-IbE ‘sajSuey, "yoy ‘swmoyyeyg AA OL SE 06 S$ 02 LI 0 puvjs] sauef ‘Avg uearng ral SE-ObE ‘sopsuRy, ‘aesye ‘yooy ‘swomIeyOT AA OT SE 06 = § 02 ZT 0 puvjs] sowef ‘keg uevarng or S£-6£E ‘sajsuey, ‘pues pue yoy ‘smOyIeZ Os AA SS +E 06 S§ OF 9T 0 puv|s] sowef ‘keg uevarjng ra SE-8SE ‘aese ‘yooy ‘swiomeys-~¢ AMA OL SE 06 S§ LITO pue|s] sowef ‘Aeg uevarng zl SE-LEE ‘sede pai ‘yooy ‘swoyiey0Z M 02 SE 06 S§ OF 91 0 puvjs] sawef ‘keg uvarng Zl SE-9EE ‘yooy ‘aloyg = MA ZT SE 06~=—§ 20 ZT 0 puv|s] sow f ‘Aeg uevarjng Il SE-SEE pue|sy soul M 05 06 S$ ST +0 ‘Avg sauef ‘a1oys Worf Saplut Z ayv'T JoyeID II SE-bEE ‘saspa] Ayooy ‘al0yg = AA Sb £5 06~— SS «COT *9T 0 purys] saute f Jo ysvoo ysa AQ IT SE-EEE ‘yooy “ar0ug MA SZ IZ 16 «60S OO Oépu]S] ajieuaqiy ‘aao0D snsv yz, Jo yynos sayru Z Or SE-ZEE ‘azoys Ivau ‘ayeqT yes AA SE 7216 § 9S STO puels] ajrewoqyy ‘aao0D snse J, Ol SE-TEE ‘saiodijnu ‘pueg ‘swoy3es Z] M 6E& 722 16 S 91 91 0 puejs] aJiewaq|y ‘aAo0D sn3e y, OL S£-OLSE ‘soiodi[[nu ‘pueg ‘swoyjes Z] M 8E& 22 16 S 80 91 0 puvry]s] ajiewiaqly ‘eA0D snse y, Or S£-67E $E6I ‘22 SYAVUIY shurswIg 4410207 IWVq = Uuouvis 291 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 SS 8 —— 90 ee eee "yooy “suoy Ie; ¢ M OVIT ZL § LO ZI niag ‘ov][eD eau ‘pueysy uojuoly YO iy S£-OLE ‘yoy ‘smomeyo MA OF IT LL § SZ LO ZI niag ‘ovl[vD 1vou ‘puvyjs] uo}uo1y YO at S£-69£ “yIOXY “SUIOYIEF a M AS Zl LL S O¢ L0 cl Niod ‘OR][eO Ivou ‘puvys] OZUd10'T fo qynos TI SE-89E ‘pnyy ‘swomezyse MA SHITE LL § Sb 90 ZI niag ‘ov][eD Ivau ‘pue]s] OZUsIOT fo yng Or SE-L9E ‘yooy ‘smomeyg AA SO ZI LL~ § SS 90 ZI niad ‘Ov[[eD Ivau ‘puvys] OZUIIOT Jo yINOG Ol S£-99E *‘yooy ‘swuoyIes OT AN LO TL LE 8 Sz 90 ct nag ‘ov][eD Ivau ‘purys] ozus10T YO OT SE-S9E ‘pueg MM SbZE LL S§ 2S SO ZI nia ‘ovl[eD Ivau ‘purys] ozus10T YO OT SE-b9E niog Scot ‘uel ‘1ajyeM Ysery ‘atloyg = MA Sb ES 6L) SS OF thZ Jopenog “puejsy pung £7 SE-£9E sopenoy nn Re a ae es ‘aedye ‘djay ‘yooy ‘smoyjeyoz AA 8S 6£ 68 § L0 2ZT purys] pooy ‘Avg Jaupivy 61 SE-Z9E ‘aed|e ‘purg ‘suoyIes ZT M SS 6£ 68 § OF ZT pur|s] poopy ‘Avg Jaupiey 61 SE-19E “PURS AIIYAA “SUIOYILF ¢ M CF Ge 68 4 =«39§$ 2s Zot pues] pooyy ‘Avg Jaupiey 61 S£-09E ‘yooy 2104S Ss MA ST 6£ 68) = § ZS CZ pur|sy pooyy ‘Avg Jaupiey Ur! purysy usloqsg 61 S£-6SE *yooy ‘a10y4g M £2 0b 68 =§ OF 7 TI Avg Joupiey ye ‘puvysy pooyy LI SE-8SE ‘|eI0D “1ayeM MOT[EYS MA ST 6£ 68 § 81 ZT puvys] pooy ‘Avg Jaupiey LI SE LSE *SajSUR IT, "YOY “SUIOYILF CT-ZT M £2 0b 68 =—§ 02 ZT Avg Jaupievy ye “purs] poopy LI S£-9SE "SajSURT, "YOY “SWIOYIS ZT Mc LS 65-68 SS 0c Zz t puv|s] poopy vou ‘purys] Jaupiey FO LI SE-SSE aye] Joaroyg = MAti«E:«CSHB—C«‘*CS:«*OO'E’:=CONS:'«COO purys] weqeyD ‘axe’ count 1q 91 SE-B bss "yooy ‘atoyg) = MA SE 9E 648 )~=—oS. SS «£5 :O purysy weqeyd ‘Avg yoor AA ST SE-bSE “yoo ‘pueg ‘suloYIe; OZ M ST O£ 68 38S Sb Lb 0 pueysy weqeyy ‘Avg suaydayg ST SE-ESE pueys] ‘sa]due T, ‘pues ‘yooy ‘suoyiey ¢¢ M OF TE 68 S 0S 8b 0 weyeyd ‘sXkeg suaydajg pure yoo1 AA UaaMjog ST SE-ZSE ‘syoor ayqeuiny, ‘aioyg =A ST £1 06~)=6§ OF 6 T puvys] sajieyD ‘qovog yoelg FO yng +1 SE-1SE £6 ‘29 SYADUIY Shura g 471)0207 awwq wuUouvig Vor: 1 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 292 “yoy, “e104 AA Ov £4 08) =6§ OF SS 9 niag ‘spuv[s] vionyy ap soqoT LI SE-16E Nilod ‘114s ‘smomeyt+e AA St CZ 9L~ § OF BE ET ‘spuv[st EqOUIYS a]PprIyy Pue WON woaaajog ST S£-06€ ‘day ‘pueg ‘suioyj}eF QT-8 M OF +2 9L ~=«OS ST 6€ ST niag ‘puvjs] BYoUIyD apply HO ST S£-68E ‘pues ‘djayy ‘suoyiey g-¢ M 0+ +2 9L ~~ OS ST 6E ET niog ‘puejs] BYUIYD ePPIA HO ST S£-88E *‘pueg ‘smoyies ¢ M 0b v2 9L ‘pueg ‘smoyiwyg MM Ob 2 9L ‘spodoijses ‘oeS[e pay “SWOYIVF OT-6 0c 60 9Z ‘squid Japids ‘yooy “su0yyeF ¢ 02 60 9L Sb 80 9L Sb 80 9L ST 6& €T nag ‘purys] PYOUTYD e[PPHA BO ST SE-L8E ST 6£ &T niag ‘pury[sy PGourYyD a|PPHA BO ST SE-98E fT tT niag ‘Avg elouapuadapuy +1 SE-S8E €I tI niag ‘Avg elouapuadapuy +1 SE-b8E ‘satsued vas ‘pueg ‘suloqies ¢-¢ ‘pues ‘yo0y *suIOYIL; ¢ el tT niag ‘Aeg elouapuadapuy +1 SE-S8 SS £1 tT niag ‘Aeg erouapuadapuy +1 S£-Z8E S S M S M S M S M S ‘pues ‘yooy ‘swomeys = =M Sh 809L S$ tt tt niog ‘Aeg erouspusdapuy =— +] SE-18E ‘pues ‘yooy ‘swoyIF ZT M LO 60 9Z S Ob +I tI niag ‘keg erouapuedapuy tI SE-BOSE ‘yooy ‘atoyg =A OE 80 9L~—SS 80 HT tT niag ‘Avg verouapuadapuy +I SE-08E ‘pnyl ‘SMIOyIeF OZ M OF 60 9Z S 60 91 $1 naog ‘Aeg elouapuadapyy] ‘purysy sefatA Jo yseq CI SE-6LE ‘phon ‘yooy ‘smomeyOZ M Ob OL 9L SS 91 tt Mag ‘keg erouapuadapuy ‘puejsy sefar, Jo yseq at SE-8LE ‘yooy ‘smousey ZT = AA SZ IT 9L-~—S (OS ST $T «Mag ‘Avg erouapuedapuy ‘purjs] sefara jo yseq a SE-LLE ‘yooY “sMOyIF / M SE IL OL S SE SI tL Nsog ‘Aeg eiouspuadapuy ‘pueysy sefara fo yseq €I CE-9LE ‘yooy ‘sdei3 19}sqo'T M OV ZE9L = OS +L +1 naog ‘Aeg erouapusdapuy ‘purysy sefar, jo sey €T CE-BSLE “pueg ‘eloyg M Ov ct OL S tI +1 niag ‘Avg evrouapuadapuy ‘purjsy sefor, fo 3seq eT SE-SLE ‘pnw ‘pueg ‘swoyieF ZT M Chol 45) 50S aor niog ‘Aeg e1ouapuedapuy] ‘purysy sefar, YO ZI SE-bLE ‘pug ‘swoyief ZI M rAGY? S $0 SI tI niog ‘Aeg erouapuadapuy ‘purysy selarA HO ZI SE-ELE ‘yoor ‘pueg ‘swomeyg AA SE ZI 9L § SO ST $1 Ddag ‘Avg erouapuadapuy ‘purys] seforA Jo seq ra SE-CLE *yool ‘purg ‘smoyieF ¢ M SE CE OL § $0 SI tT Neg ‘Aeg elouapuadapuy ‘puvjsy sefor, Jo yseq cl Co-ELe Scot ‘uel SYAVULIY shuiswwag £41]D20T ayvq = uojvyig 293 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 ‘yooy ‘aroygG = MA 07 ~XIZ LLCO COT’: «68 SF BIQUIO[OD ‘eII3(:) Og £Z SE-EIb *(vuoavd) [RIOD “I9}VM MOTTRYG MOS TET 8L N 852 BIquio[OD ‘pur]s] euos104 ez S£-ZIb *(v4ogojj190q) [e1OD *1a}VM MOTTEYG =A OS TT 8L N 8S Z BIQUIO]OD ‘pue|s] euosI0D cz SE-TI+ ‘JPARI “wWOmLJT MOS TI 8L N 892 puv|s] euos10y ‘yovaq Apuvs YO (dd S£-OIb ‘sorodi[NN ‘smomjeyoZ AM OF OL 8L N ZOE BIQUIO[OD ‘puL]s] BUDSIOD Yulog YON YO tz $£-60b *‘pnur Aig ‘smoyieyos-s9 MM £0 84 =N 0€ TOs BIqUIO[OD ‘puR]s] BUDZIOD Gulog AayuoW HO cz $£-80+ ‘pny ‘smomwezyoze AA OL 8L N LEZ BIquIO][OD ‘pukls] euOZIOD ‘ulog AayuoW] YO wz $£-LOb ‘sorodi[ON ‘swowpeyzz A O01 8L N L5Z _— BIQuIOJOD ‘pur|s] eUOFI0H YuIog AaYUOP HO 7 —«SE-90F ‘pues ‘yooy ‘atoyg = MA OF TL 8L NN 85 2 BIqUIO]O_D “pue|s] Buos10H he S£-SOb ‘so[Suey, ‘yooy ‘suiomeyg AMA ST IT 8L N I06 BIQUIO]O_ ‘puL|s] BUDSION YO 1Z S€-b0F BIqUIO]O') ‘sTayeoig WIM Foy OMA Sb th 08 ~=S Eb 95:0 Jopenog “e}UBA] FO ISAAK 0z S£-£0b ‘pues “woyeyT AMA 81 th 08 § LI 95 0 Jopenog ‘Avg vyueyy 61 S£-Z0b ‘pues “womeyT MM +08 § OF 95 0 Jopenog ‘Avg eur 61 SE-10¥ ‘pues ‘yooy ‘alogg) =A 81 th 08 § OF 95 0 Jopenog ‘Avg eye 61 S£-00b ‘pues ‘smomeyg AM 8b SE 08 S$ ZI SET Jopenog ‘puvys] osurjeg 8T S£-66£ ‘pueg ‘swomeyg AA ZS 7S 08 § SI SET Jopenog “‘pueys] osurleg 8T S£-86E “pueg ‘suoTey ¢ M 2S 2S 08 SST SET Jopenoy ‘purys] osuryeg 8 SE-L6E “pues ‘yooy ‘sulOyIeF ZT] M SS TS 08 SHOT os 1 Jopenog ‘puejsy osurles ST 6£-96¢ Jopenoy ‘YOON “SwWOTLS OT-+T MA OS Th 08 § ZI 95 9 niag ‘spuvys] vianyy ap soqgoT ‘keg yinog LI SE-S6E ‘yoy ‘smomeyzt =A fh 08) =«6§ 40:95 9 Nia ‘spueys] elanyy ep sogoy ‘keg yynog LI SE-b6E ‘yooy ‘swmomeyZT = =AA 8f fb 08 § SESS 9 Niag ‘spue|s] eranzy ap sogoy ‘Avg yon LI SE-£6E “pues ‘suoyiey7z-02 M ES £608 S$ 40 SS 9 niag ‘spuvjs] vlanyy ap soqoT ‘keg q0N LI S£-26E Se6t ‘uel SYADULIY shurswwag 411]0907 IwWgq wUuouvjs Vorsl ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 294 *[RIOD *19}BM MOTELS *SWIOYIVF Z ‘a[Suryg ‘puryst uo ‘a10y4g *JaAvIS auUY ‘pNUl Og ‘sMOTIF 0S *JaAvis ‘pueg ‘suOyIe; Cp ‘pnw jog ‘swoyIes ¢/ *[PABID ‘pus aSILOD ‘SUIOYILF C£-OF ‘VYSIT ooo] q ‘aseioyouy "yoy ‘e104 AYN, -SwOuw se st ‘pues aSIBOD ‘SWIOYIeF ZI REIN, SHsOMIUS 2 *pnu ‘pues ‘yoy “‘suloyieF OZ "1194s “pay ‘swoyres cE SPAM ATOS = SUOTEL OY ‘pues ‘pnyy ‘swioyjes Cg *[R1OD *19}eM MOT][LYS *‘pueg ‘a10ys ‘PHY ‘SwWOyIeF OT ‘PAY ‘swompe; OS ‘PHY “swoypey OS ‘PHY ‘swoWpes op *(v4040]]120q) [e1OQ ‘suLOyIeF ¢ SYMDIULIY M OT ZL N os 9 M OL Tb ZL N OSn9 M Sf Ib LL N OS 6b 9 MA cy LL N Sv LVS M 0b Te LL ON 00 Lt 9 MOF fb LL N Sb Lb 9 M 0S 0b LL = ON OF 8b 9 M OT ££ LL = N OL OV 9 M Ov 0 ZL = N OT 68 9 M OF Ie LL) ON (02 68 S$ M OL Ie LL ON O02 65 § M 0f 17 LL ON SZ 68 § M 0S Te LL ON 02 68 § M Of co LL ON SE 8S S M0f I¢ LL N 8s $ MST I¢ZLZ N Se M 0c 12 LL) «ON (OT 6S S M 0 02 ZL «ON SS 68 § M ST 02 ZL «6ON OF ZS S MSs 0c ZL N OL ZS S MSS 02 ZL NOD ZS S M 0S 02 ZL =ON S2@ ZS S M 02 172 ZL «ON (OF 685 S$ SOutsDvag BIQUIO[OD ‘Avg BIAe}IO BIqWO[OD ‘Avg BIALIIG BIqUIO][OZ ‘Avg BIARIDO BIqUIO]OD ‘Avg BIAL}IIO BIQUIO[O_ ‘syI0y BIAZIIO YO BIQUIO[OD ‘Avg eIAR}IIGO BIQUIO]O_ ‘Avg BIAL}IO BIqUO]OD ‘Avg vordng BIqUIO[OD ‘Avg evordng BIQUIO[OD ‘eI1IQ 110g BIQUIO[OD ‘B11 0g BIqWO]OD ‘e111 10g BIGUIO]OD “B1I3/) 310g HO BIQUIO]}OD ‘eI 40d YO BIqWO]OD ‘B1I3() 40g HO BIGUIO]OD “B11 310d HO BIQUIO]OD ‘e113. 110g BIQUIO]OD ‘eI WOg BIQUIO][OD ‘e139 Og BIqUIOIOD ‘eI 40d BO BIGUIO]OD ‘eI 40d FO BIQUIOJOD “1 4Od HO BIQWO]OD ‘eI Wog 4710207 87 SE-SEb 8Z SE-bSb LZ SE-EE+b lz S£-Eb he SE-1 Eb lz S£-Of+ lz S£-6eb 92 S£-8%b 92 SE-Lob SZ $£-9%b SZ SE-STb SZ SE-beb SZ SE-$7b SZ $£-2b SZ SE-1Zb SZ S£-0%b +c S£-61b +7 SE-8Ib +z SE-LIb +Z S£-9Ib +2 SE-BS Th +7 SE-SIb Z S¢-bI+ $6 “uel avqi = uouvys 295 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 ‘saodrjnu ‘pueg ‘swoyjeyz7t = AMA ST 10 28 N 0S LS ZL Buivued ‘spuesy sevag 9 SE-9Sb *sjood pue Wieadjs Jo}eMysel M SS 10 2 N OE 85 Z euleueg ‘spue]s] seoag 9 CE-SSb ‘JRIOD ‘sey apry, ‘a10gg = M Sb 00728 NOL LS ZL euleurd ‘spuv|s] seoag 9 SE-4S+ WYqSTT oljoayq caseioysuy =O ZB ST. 85: L, Bueue ‘spuels] svoag § SE-£Sb ‘stood pue WPdII}JS I9JBM Ysol yy M gs 10 c3 N O¢ 8S L eueued ‘spurs] SBII§ S SE-CSt+ ‘purg ‘swoweyZ7T =96M 0S 10728 «=ON OF LS ZL euleurg ‘spur|s] svoag S SE-1S ‘saiodrjnu T1248 “smuOuyey tI M cE 10 78 N LS iL BPUWIPURd ‘spue|s] SB90§ g S£-OS+ ‘saiodijjnu ‘puvg ‘swomeycog AA SE 10728 N STELSL vureueg ‘spur]s] svoag S $£-6bb ‘salodrjjnu ‘pueg ‘swoyjey ZT M St 00 28 N Sv ZS L ewvurg ‘spurys] seoag ¢ SE-8tb ‘[e1OD “JayeM MOTTeYGS =60MA SH 00 78 SON COT LS L eulvued ‘spueys] seoag + S£-Lbb ‘yooy "eoyg) =o MA S710 28 «ON OLS LL eulvued ‘spue|s] seoag b+ SE-99+br ‘puejur ‘jaay ‘aloyg = MA S67 10 78 SCN OLS L eueueg ‘spue|sy seoag + = S£-B9bb ‘yooy “a10yg— sis MA SH IE 6L ON ST LS 8 eweueg ‘AID emeueg zZ S£-Stb S£61 “G2 [RIOD ‘swomeyt-Z M 0S OL 8L NOE CEL vueueg ‘keg seyld 62 $£-bbhb ‘pny ‘swomezyoz MM OF £1 8L N SI +E ZL eueueg ‘Avg seul 62 S£-Stb "pues asivoo ‘yooy ‘sMOUuIeFSE-0F AMA OP SIT 8L N Sb EEL vuueg ‘Aeg seul 6z $£-Ztb ‘phul jog ‘swmOyIeS ZF M 0+ £1 8L N 8I+EZ vuvueg ‘Avg seul 6z SE-Itbb “pau AYOIG “SWIOYILF CT M 0 ZI 8L NOS SEL evueueg ‘Arg seuld 67 S£-Obb ‘pues ‘pnyy ‘swowyeyozg = M 02 £1 8L NSO SEL vuvueg ‘Avg seul 6Z SE-6Sb ‘pues asivoD ‘swoyjeysg AM 02 £1 8L N OL £f Z vuvueg ‘Avg seylg 62 S£-8Eb "]e10D “JayeM MOTTeYS = MA SE “OT BL 0SCONN SZ EEL vueueg ‘Avg seurg 82 SE-LEb ‘yoy ‘el0yg) Ss MA OT ZI 8L)=SCON 80 HE Z vuvurg ‘Avg seylg 82 S£-9Eb BuBuBg C£6T uel SYADULIY shuiswag £71j020T 3DGQ wuoyvis VoL. 1 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 296 ‘pues asivoy ‘smOyIeyS{T MA 02 fh S8 N £I £0 IT Bory bIsoD ‘Avg seuryeg II SE-8Lb ‘pues asivody ‘suomIeTZ MA OF Fb S8 N 02 £0 IT Bony BISO_ ‘Avg seuryeg II SE-LLb ‘pnyy ‘swomezyg AA Lb fb S8 N CE £0 IT Bony bIsoOD ‘Avg seurleg IT SE-9Lb ‘PHY ‘swmomjesyoZ MM Ob th S8 N SZ +0 TT vory Byso_ ‘Avg seules II SE-SLb ‘quoyspueg ‘aloyg AM Sb ZbS8 N 20 TT Bory bySO_D ‘Avg seur[es Or SE-bLb RIOD ‘rayeMTeyYgS MA 6b S8 N SS $$ OF Bory bISOD “ayieg 0g 6 SE-ELb ‘1194S ‘smOomeZ OE MA Sb 8b S8 N OS LS OT Bory bIso_D “Iayieg 310g 6 S$-ZLb ‘pny ‘swmoweZOL AA SO 6b S8 N OT 95 OF vary bIsO_D ‘Jaye W0g 6 SE-ILb ‘pnui‘purg‘smomeyo¢ AM 6b S8 N SE LS OT Bory BISOD ‘Iayieg Wog 6 S£-OLb ‘]]2Ys ‘pues ‘swomeyOr AM $0 6b S8 N OT 9S OF BONY BISOD “Iayieg Wog 6 S£-69¢ ‘1124s ‘pueg ‘swomeyo¢ MM 66 S8 N SE LS OL Bory BISOD ‘aye Mog 6 S£-89b ‘ede ‘yooy “swmomyeyZ MA 02 6b S8 N SS SS OT Bory BISO_ ‘IayIVg Mog 6 SE-L9b *yooy ‘QOUBI}UA J PULSI [[eUIg “aI0yYS MA Lb 8b S58 N 95 OT Bory BISOD “Iayieg Wog 6 S£-99b ‘ayeys ‘aroyg = MA COE «£5 S$) ON StH 96 OF Bory b3soD ‘vouelg eAelq 8 S£-S9b ye10D ‘ar0yG MA COES SBC: OO: SS:“OONL Bory e3soD ‘eouerlg eAel[q 8 $£-+9b OFT] AIVIT [24S ‘swomezsoz AM Sb LS SS N Sb ES OT Bory eIsO_ ‘vourlg vAelq 8 SE-£9b ‘pues ‘pny ‘smoyey dp AA 95 68 N Sb 9S OT Bory eIso_ ‘vourlg eAelq 8 S£-79 ‘aed[e ‘pues ‘pny ‘swomieyst AA OS £5 $8 N Sb 9S OT Bory eIsoD “eourlg Arig 8 SE-19b ‘s[[ays ‘pueg ‘sumiomjeys-¢ MM 0S 7658 N 95 OF Bory BISOD “vouLlg eAelq 8 S£-09+ ‘aede ‘yooy ‘smoyeye-~7 M OF £5 $8 N Sb 9S OL Bory e3so_ ‘vouelg eAelq 8 $£-6S+ BOTY BISOT) ‘pues ‘pny ‘swoyzeyoz7-¢ MA 72078 NSS LSL vueue ‘Sspue]s] Sevag 9 SE-8Sb ‘yoor ‘pueg ‘swomeyZT AA ST 1078 NOS LS L eueued ‘spurjs] seoag 9 SE-LSb SE6T “F9A SyxvULIY shu1siva g 47110207 ajvq u01jv1g 207 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 “PAYAL “SUIOUIEF 08 MA Ob te 601 N SS Te &@ BIUIOFVD JaMoy ‘Avg apresy 8T 9£-96b “pues ‘suloyiey ST-OT M Lv 601 N Of 9S 2 BIUIOFTED JOMOT “Vua|[eg ezZaqeD Jo YON 8T 9£-S6b “PHY “StI0 yes Sc AA OT cS OTT N SE CS 2% BIUIOFIED JaMoyT ‘svon’yT uvg aded fo yseq 81 9€-b6b ELE Oe ie | ‘djay ‘pueg ‘swoyiey cy M SS Tv IIT N 02 8E +2 BIUIOFIIVD IaMOT ‘ooso Ty, JUTOg HO 9I 96-S6+b ‘PHU UsaIg) ‘smoyeF Sh =A SS 8E TIT N OF 81 t2 VIUIOFILD 1oMOT ‘oso yy, UIOd HO gt 9£-C6b "djay “yoo, “suroyiey ST-OT M OF 8b STITT N SS 62 BIUIOJI[LD Jamo ‘Avg o1esoy ST 96-I6b ‘poameas ‘puvg ‘suOYyIey CZ M 0S 9S SIT N SE 61 OF BIUIOFILD JaMo7T ‘Avg unuand uvg ST 9£-06b ‘poameas ‘pueg ‘smOYyIeF ZT M SE 9S STE N SS 02 OF BIUIOJI[VD Jamo7T ‘Avg unuangd ueg ST 96-684 ‘poaaivas ‘pues ‘smoyjeyc-— AA OZ LS STI N lz OF BIUIOFI]VD 1aMOT ‘Avg uUaNH uLg ST 9£-88h BIUJOJI[BT) JOMOT JO JSBOT) ISIAK 9£61 ‘Gay OOTX9 [AJ 961 AO NOILIGHdXa OIWIOVd WOOONVH NVTIV ‘spuutg ‘u0oBeT AMA SE IS +01 N SI 61 oorxey ‘Avg eyyvovUaT, ST S£-L8b ‘aed]e “jays ‘purg ‘swoyyes OT M 0s +01 N SI 61 oorxay] ‘Avg vyyeoeuay, ST SE-98b "11248 ‘pueg ‘swomzeyo =A 00S 401 N_ 81 6F oorxay ‘Avg veneovua Ty, ST S£-S8b ‘pny ‘swomweyg AA 0S 401 N_ 81 61 oorxey ‘Avg eyyeovua Ty, ST $£-b8+ ‘pues ‘pny ‘smoyieyjg9 AA 0S FOI N 8I 61 oorxayy ‘Avg vj}vovUA T, ST SE-E8b ‘pues ‘pny ‘swomeyor MA 0S +01 N 81 61 oorxeyy ‘Avg eyyvovuay, ST S£-Z8b OdTX9 TJ ‘uoNeIaZ9A ‘s]Jayg “sWOmIe}9 AMA SO th SS N £E £0 IT BOY SOD ‘Avg svul[es IT SE-18b "UONLITIA ‘S]]aYS “sWIOyILF ZT M 0b ++ $8) ON OL 40 IT Bory BISO_D ‘Avg seulleg at S£-08b ‘puvg ‘smomeyZ MA OL ++ S8 NOS ZO TT Bory vysoD ‘Avg svulleg II S£-6Lb SE6T “GT SxADULIY surswwag 4110907 aq Uuoyvjig Vot. 1 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 298 PIUIOFI[BD JO FINS ‘purjsy ‘saaoisuew puryag ‘aloyg = AA 72 OIL N SE 92 +2 ojueg nyt1Idsqy ‘eg seuayjeg Jo yyNosaaoy = Z@Z_—sOE- TTS BIUIOFI[ED JO F[ND ‘purys] ‘yoor‘puvg ‘aroyg = AA s2Z~*COTT:sCON, SE «97 42 ojurg nyiidsy ‘Avg seualjeg Jo yynos aa0y = ZZ_—OE-OTS BruIOFTeS ‘pues ‘pny ‘swomjey+zZ MA ST 2Z OIL N SS £2 +2 JO [ND ‘puvys] oyueg nyridsq joysamMy = ZZ“ “60S BIUIOFIED ‘PHU YOY T ‘smomeyOS MA SS $27 OIL N 02 t2 +2 JOF[ND ‘purysy] ojuvg nyrsidsq ‘eg Jariqey uvrg 7 9£-80S BIUIOFILD ‘pues ‘pnyy ‘swomeyse =A «EZ «OIL N SE 42 $2 JO3[ND ‘purjsy opurg nysidsy ‘Avg jariqegueg 7 ~—-9E-L0S PTUIOST|LD [124s uaxorg ‘swomey+-T = AA OT IZ T AA OF 6T OTT N 2 +2 BIUIOJI[ED JO FIND ‘JauuvyD ozuasoyT ueg 1Z 9£-909 BIUIOFIIED ‘uoose] UraI0yS =» AA-«SS «OZ ~OOTT: «ON SZ SZ $2 «JO FIND ‘purys] oyueg nyrsidsq ‘Keg jaliqey ueg 0z 96-09 96 “IEW SYAVULIE SOULLDI A71]0I0'7 IVD u01j0]9 305 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 BIUIOFLD WYSry ojoajq ‘aderoyouy = MA «SS -«*TZ ~*OTL «ON OL $2 $2 «FO F[ND ‘purys] oouvg njyriidsg ‘Avg jariqey urg 9 LE-9£9 BIUIOFI[ED ‘sysny[oy ‘a10gg = AA SS 02 *OIL ~N SZ SZ $2 JOF[ND ‘purjs] oyueg nyardsq ‘Keg jaraqeyH urg 9 Le-ese9 BIUIOFI[LD ‘uoosey ‘aloyg = MA SS «OZ «*OTT:«SON SZ SZ $2 «JO FIND ‘purysy ojuvg nyrsidsy ‘Avg jarqey urg 9 LE-SE9 BIUIOFIILD "]RIOD “ayeM MOTTEYGS = AA SS OZ OIL N SZ SZ $2 = JOF[ND ‘puvysy oyurg nywidsy ‘Avg jariqey urg 9 LE->£9 BIUIOFIED ‘QUI[[BIOD ‘sMOyITF8T AM SS IZ OIE N OL +2 $2 JORND ‘purysy ojuvg nzrardsy ‘Avg Jariqey urg 9 LE-££9 BIUIOFITED “pou Apues “stro ey +72 M £Z~ OT N c¢ 5 4 +2 jo F[Ny ‘pueysy ours nyiidsq ‘keg JeHIqey ues 9 L¢-7£9 BIUIOJIILD ‘pueg ‘a10yg) = AA COT 81 OIL «ON OS ZI tz Jamo7T ‘keg zed eT 4ysry yurog eiatig YO 9 LE 189 BIUIOFITe) WSJ oa]q “asvioquy = AAC6T.“*OTT:SON “Ob ZI 42 Jamoy ‘Avg zvg eT Iyqsry Wulog vjaI1g YO S LE-0¢9 *]]2Y8 Uayo1g “suOyIe} Ob AA SE 8b GOL N OS 8b £Z BIUIOJI[VD IaMOT ‘soJaN]] So] ap Epeuasug S L&-629 ‘OUI[[BIOD “SWIOIILFZI-OL AA SO 6b GOL N 02 8b £2 VIUIOJI[ED IaMOT ‘soyanJ] So] ap epeuasug S L£-829 ‘puvg ‘swoyieyg MM SZ 6b 60T N SS 8S £2 BIUIOFI[ED JaMoyT ‘soj1anyjA] so] ap epeussug S LE-L29 ‘pues ‘yooy ‘a104g = AA *OOT':«Gb GOT =N OF 65 £2 BIUIOFI[LD JaMOT ‘sojJanyj] so] ap epvuasugq S L&-929 WYSIT o1joajq ‘asvioyouy = MA SE 8b 601 N 658 £2 BIUIOFI[LD JaMoT ‘sojany] So] ap epeussuy + LE-Sz9 ‘purg ‘swoyjeyOZT MA 0S OF 601 N_ 10 §Z BIUIOJI[ED JO J[ND “yurg epso0y ssuuy + LE-+79 ‘sjood apr ‘yo0y ‘a10ygS) = AA «OZ «*OS «GOL =N 02 £€S 7 BIUIOFI[LD JaMoyT ‘vualjeg ezaqed + LE-£29 ‘WS os}0a]q ‘asvioyouy = MA-:«OZ «OS 601 N 02 £5 2 BIUIOJFI[ED JaMoT ‘vualjeg ezaqey € L£-@29 ‘sjood apy ‘yooy ‘a10yg = AA «0Z «OOS «GOT ~N 02 £5 7 BIUIOFI[LD JaMoT ‘vuayjeg ezaqey ¢ LE-129 ‘pus Avid aurg ‘swoyjeysZ MM Sb 6b 601 N OS £5 2 VIUIOJI[LD JaMoOT “eualjeg Vzaqvy jo seq € L£-029 }SBOT) 389 AA —BIUAOFI[ BT) jo JIND L¢ee6l “Ie SYMDULIY shurivag 411]0I907 3WVqQ wUouvis Vorst ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 306 ‘ajsurys ‘aloyG =A CHE «OTT: SON «(OS 6b 42 BIUIOFI[LS JO F[ND ‘puejs] oosfoursy ueg 6 LE-ZS9 ‘png Apueg ‘swoyje~yo9 AM OZ IE OIL N SZ Lb FZ PLUIOFIED Jo F[Ny ‘puvjs] oostouvsy uvg fo ysey 6 LE-1S9 ‘pues asivoy ‘swoyIey/p AA OZ ZE OTL N SE Lb $e BIUIOFI[LD Jo [NH ‘purjs] oostouvsy uvg jo yey 6 L£-0S9 IST ONoI[q ‘ase1oyouy = AA SS SE OIL N ~~ 8b +2 BIUIOFI[ES FO F[ND ‘puels] oostoursy uevg 8 LE-6b9 BIUIOFI[eD) ‘pues ‘swoyjey09 MM Or TE OIL N OS OS 42 JO FIND ‘puvjs] oostouvsy ueg fo YON 8 LE-8+9 BIUIOFIeD [RIOD ‘suiomeZ7~ = = M Sb ff OTT N OF TS 2 JO J[ND ‘purys] oostouesy ues jo yION 8 LS-L+9 ‘asuryg ‘aioyg = MA CDE:«*COT'T,:sSON,: OOS: Gb 42 BIUIOFI[ED FO F[ND ‘puvys] Oostoursy uvg 8 LE-9+9 BIUIOFILD ‘uoosey ‘aroyg = MA SS 02 OTL N SZ SZ 4% JO F[NH ‘purjsy oyueg nyrsrdsg ‘Avg Jarqey ueg 8 LE-S+9 BIUIOFI[BD JO 112qs ‘PH ‘swowpey sp AA Ob $2 OTT N Sb 9Z 4% = FIND ‘purysy oyuvg nyridsq ‘Avg seualjeg YO 8 LE-bb9 BIUIOFI[ED Jo ‘aUT[eIOD ‘swoyyeyg M 02 22 OIL N ST L242 = FIND ‘pueysy ojueg nyrsidsq ‘Avg seualjeg HO 8 LE-£+9 BIUIOFI[BD JO ‘aUT][eIOD “swMOIeSST MA SO EZ OIL N LzZve FIND ‘puejsy oyueg nyrsrdsqy ‘Avg seuayjeg HO 8 LE-e9 BIUIOFIeD ‘syuvjd pueT MA SS OZ OIL N SS SZ t@ JOFIND ‘puvjs] oyueg nyridsy ‘Avg jatiqey ueg L LE-1b9 ‘pnurApues ‘swomeyog MAM 12 OIL N 02 IZ +2 BIUIOFI[LD JO F[NE ‘JouULYD OZUsIOT ues YO fi LE-0b9 ‘avdye ‘aurjesoo ‘pueg ‘swoyIeys-¢ AMA Ob BT OIL N SS IZ +2 BIUIOFI[ES JO FIND ‘JauuvyD ozusi0T uvg l LE-6£9 BIUIOFI[VD ‘[EIOD “JawAL MOT[LYS MA SS OZ OIL N SZ SZ +2 JOF[NH ‘purysy oouvg njrardsqy ‘Avg jariqey urs jé LE-8£9 BIUIOFILD "$9j2autjv) “UOOSET MA SS 02 OIL N SZ SZ +2 JOF[ND ‘purjs] ojuvg nyrsidsq ‘Keg Jatiqey urg L LE-L£9 LE61 “JPN SYADULIY shuisva g AjUvI0T IwVGQ “ovis 307 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 ‘puvg ‘swomey+T MM OL LZ TIL N O€ 92 BIUIOFILD JaMOT Gurog oyd[ng HO +1 Lé-vL9 14s ‘smomeyocT AM Sb LO TIT N S$ LS SZ ULLUIOF TED Fo F[NH ‘purys] uauiey “Avg seuyeg +1 LE-£L9 *puejur “weodjs 19yVM Ysag = MAT «TTT «ON SO 08 SZ BIUIOFI[LD JaMo7T ‘Oplpuoosy oan as LE-ZL9 "YIYS Wosf Su ON ‘swomyZ-—T AA 61 TIT N SO 0S Sz BIUIOFIL JaMOT ‘Oplpuoosy ong as LE-1L9 ‘aoueijua UooseT ‘aloyg = MA tsCST.«STE SON «S005 SZ BIUIOFI]VD JaMOT ‘Oprpuoosy ong ra LE-0L9 ‘pues ‘smomjeyte AM ST OT TIT N SO Lb SZ BIUIOFI[LD 1aMoT ‘Oprpuoosy OWING YO ZI L£-699 ‘pues ‘pny ‘swoyzeyoz MM 8 TIL N 0S 8b SZ BIULOFI[BD J9MOT ‘Oprpuoosy oan ra L£-899 BIUIOFIED ‘PNY ‘smomey09 =A Ob ST TIT N OS TS SZ JIMOT ‘puL]s] Used Ho “opipuoosy ojong ra LE-L99 “Pr “SWOYIEF OST “‘puejs] uae YO M OF IT TIT N SS 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BART ‘a700$ M ST £f 6L = N OF 94 8 eueued ‘purjs] esoqe J, Z 6£-196 ‘aUT]]BI09 ‘pueg “suIOyI} ¢-Z MA OF 2f 6L «ON OF 9b 8 euvued ‘purjs] esoqe , c 6£-096 ‘purs ‘pny *smOM Vy ¢-Z M 0 6L N Bt 8 ruvueg ‘pur|s] esoqe J, Z 65-656 "[B109 vsogojj220g “JayeM MOTTeYS MA ST Ef 6L N SE Lb 8 euvued ‘purs] esoqe ], 4 6£-856 ‘sjood apa “yooy “a0yg = MA ST EE 6L ON SE Le 8 vuvued ‘purlspesoqey, 2 66-156 6£6T ALIN SYIDULIY Shura g 41110907 Iq wuoynig *UONANIII}UL JNOYIM anuUOD sJaquINU UONeIs DYIOeg 94} UOTIe}S JO JOS MOU B JOUIG ‘S19}eM URIqqIIeD UI YJUOU dUO puads ‘suonejs our} 0} patjdde sem ‘6¢-Ty qyIM Suruurdaq ‘siaquinu =o}: UOI}VIO]dxa DYIOeg WOIF passaiZIp JJ 04aja 4 ayy uIod sty) IV Voi. 1 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 324 6f6I HO SHSINYD YHNWNAS YOOONVH NVTIV siapnog §=s/2 WW MOE £0 61 +tIt Ot WV MM ZZ +0 GIT puvjs] eieqieg = 0f 6 £-586 ; ceIT «ON Sb $2 £€ got N 8S te ff == auegyo'gm Se siapnog) §=8h WV M05 2061l Sst tb WY M S¢+ £0 6II puvjs] vivqieg 0g c-d S36 N 82 22 §& £636 N O€ 2 £& BIULG JO *g “TU 545 6£-+86 siapnog) th WV AM 8b 20 6IT Sst 6£ WV AA 00 £0 6II puv|s] vivqieg = QE I-d £0:6 oN 20 2 ££ 5:8 ON ST @ §€ PUES FOSS GTS ___ 66-486 Siapjnoq ‘saguodg Qf Wd MM Sb 60611 $82 OL Wd MM 02 60 6II pues] eieqieg §=©6Z ~~ HE-£86 OS: ¢ N_ 0£ tv of CLE N Of£ fb £¢ eJURS jo ‘ANN "TU 34ST Siapjnog ‘sasuodg 0g Wd AM £1 80 6IE 082 18 Wd MM ZO 80 6IT purjs] eieqieg 62 6-286 €s:% oN &S LE £€ SZ ON Sb LE £€ BURG JO "AANN “IW OT saduods ‘pueskeig 18 Wd M05 00 611 +t 9L 4Wd A ST 00 6IT purjs] kieqieg —6Z z-d Is:T N 80 SE tT ON Ob v€ ££ BURG JO'N ‘TU 35 6£-186 sasuods ‘pueskeiy 88 Wd M05 00611 SI? 9 4Wd AM Of 00 6IT puvs] vivqieg = 6Z I-d ee a Sr:cl ON Of HE £& 82-2I N Ob VE SF BUR JO "N ‘Tu SS 6$-186 ‘purs youlg “sus O¢-OT MA ST ZO 6IT N 0¢ 62 €& puvjs] vieqieg bIURS JOIMGWON 82 6 £-086 "pues You] g ‘SWF [p-8E MA Of £0 6IT N Ss Le €€ pues] a (IBNS) TMD JOS —8BZ_—_—E-6LE "YOY “SWS 87-12 M SE ZO 6IT N SE Lz purjs] ae Tost (IBS) IMD Josey —-8Z_——GE-8LE PROP ICES ONE AA ST ZO 6TT N S0 62 ££ puels] ereqieg BURG JOWIOG YON = 8Z_— GE-LLE "pues ay AA “SUF OZ-ST AA 0S 10 6IT Na lece purjs] BIBqIeg bJULS JO YON 8Z 6£-9L6 "PUBS aITY AA ‘SUF /Z-SZ M 0+ 00 6IT NoSise cs purjs] vieqivg vyueg Josey 2 6£-SL6 BIUJOFIIBT) 6£61 Avy SYAVULIY, “SUL UL TT, 017180 “Iq: ‘Sly MATT u01,180g A71j0907T Jv4aUuay 3jvq u01jv1g dQ ab6paiq unnog abpaiq 325 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 spodoryoesgq ‘pueg = ¢h LE M O€ 02 8IT purys] eureyeD ejueg = ZT. 6£-666 NuGsaceace 2A0D MOTITAA BO pues pue pny, Th 9¢ M 00 IZ 8IT purjs] eure = ZT. 6-866 N SO £&@ £€€ BIULS ‘IAD IY AA auras Yoveg “pny M 00 22 8IT purjsy eure = ZT. 6£-L66 N SZ & €€ BIULS ‘9AOD YAMA suad vas ‘pny Sp SE M 05 OF 6IT pues] zn1g vjueg ZT. 6£-966 N ST 20 + ‘loqivy Siauosiig dUT][B109 ‘purs Or M Of 65 611 purjs] esoy OT 6£-566 N Ob 65 ££ eyes ‘Avg siaypoog pnw Avis ‘jays uax01g «= +TT Wd MST SS 61 O8f LZI Wd MM St +S 6IT purls] znip viucg YO sO: 6£-+66 It'b N O€ 8S £€§ LI:b N Of 85 §& pnur‘faeiy szZI Wd MOE fh 61 OLZ Off Wd MM OE Eb 6IT purjs] esoy BIuRS YO OL 6£-£66 Ize N 00 9S €€ Sf:Z =ON OE 9S §€€ pour ‘faariy Off Wd M OF OP GIT STE Of Wd MM 00 Zt 6IT pues] esoy ejuegS YO OT 6£-266 00:7 3 N OF 9S £& LSsi N 00 9S £€& Sivys aHIIIq ‘ST]PYS ST WV MM Sv 9T 02E 09E 81 WY N 80 8S £& Ore N 00 8S ££ JansIyl ues Jo's 6£61 ‘sny SYAVULIY “SULT | Wty, UOUIsOg “Iq “SULT = aut 01]180q 4j1vI07 vsauay aq Uuouvis dQ abpaiq unrog abpasq Vor ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 326 yoy = 08 Wd MOOTE SIT OLT $8 Wd AM SO TE SIT PUL]S] SOIpaZ JO “AA we 6£-T 101 80: ¢ N 8S ££ 82 te N 22 +f 82 ‘yuvg Jaduey jo pua ‘Nn pues useld aug TL Wd MSI SE SIL ZLZ 98 Wd MM S> ££ SIT spurs] 0z g-a ZS N St ZI 82 Seb 8 8=0N Ob ZI 82 oyuag uvs YO 6£-O010T puesuaeaisoaurng «866 Wd M SOE SIE OLE 76 Wd JM 07 £€ SIT spuejs] 02 I-d Sib N Sb 21 8@ ee N S0-ZE Sz oyusg ues YO 6£-O10T djay ‘puvs ‘yoy SE M 0S ££ SIT Spuels] O}Ueg ULg “AA 61 6£-6001 N 0b 8F 82 pue "q Jo Spua *g UIaMjag sajqqad Tg Nd MS SE SIL 00F ZS Wd M 94S ZE SIT 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310q u01v19 dQ abpaiq unrog abpaiq SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER: No. 3 fe ee EES ee djay yjias oT MA 02 £2 8IT PuL]Ss] aUsMII[D ues Sc 6£-+c0T yoo. ‘sseid [aq N SS 8b ZE ‘Qa09 prumeikg pues Avis auly = OTT S$ AA 00 £@ 8IT pues] auetmiajy ueg SZ 6£-E20T N 00 Lb Zé ‘2A0D press JO pau usa LT OST M 0S 12 8IT pues] a}UoWa]D urg sé 6£-ccOT N SE 9b ZE ‘QA0p prueisg FO pues ‘yoy 3104s M SZ SE 8IT pues] auema[D ue +z 6£-1Z01 N 00 ZO ££ ‘TOqie]] SOMYIION pues feisy OST Sel AA O£ OF 8IT pues] +Z 6£-0Z0T pnu‘pueg 00¢ 0S2 M 00 Zb 8It puevyst +2 6£-610T N OF +0 ff a}UIW9[) UBS JO *N [[2ys uayorq ‘pueg OST 0s M 00 2b SIT pues] a}UaWa[D ues £Z 6£-810T N St¥ 00 £€ ‘QA09 SUOS|IAA BHO 10}}30q daaig ‘YOY = OST SO MA OT Zé 8IT puv[s] aueWe[D URS £Z 6£-LI0T N SO 10 €¢& ‘QA0D SUOS|IAA HO sasuodg fg] 09 MA OF ZE 8IT puvjsj auawie]D ues £~ 6£-910T N OF 10 ££ ‘QA0D SUOS|IAA HO yoop Aap ur JJ] 04319 4 AA 00 €T 8IT pues] [Purse y, Or 6£-STOL yo [[NY wos; sdutdes9g N OL 9b €€ ‘prvddrys s,S1eic Dee eee ee En Eee pues ‘y00y ai10y4s MA OF ZS LIT Ivy [ap euolo;D IL 6S-+101 sjaar ‘yooy a10ys M 02 722 8IT pueg asansnj10g Or 6£-£10T N 02 tb £& [94s ‘pueg = 69 S$ M OL 92 811 puvjs] o}UamIa[D URS 6 6£-Z10T N SS Sb ZE ‘QA0D prureskg Jo “g BIUIOJILT) 6£61T “AON ee ae Re eS ee SYADULIY ‘SULT = aut yy 017150 ‘s1q) ‘Su@y aut u0141SOg 471]0207] [D49uUIH ajvq 014019 ¢Q 2b6paisq unog abpasq es eee 6£6I dO SHSINYUD YALNIM YWOOONVH NVTIV OO —————— ee —— = pnuusiy 18 Wd M9 60ZIT LOI 2 Wd M 9001 ZIT Avg vusjepseW HO 61 Ob-ZE0r a $S:% oN $5 9% 42 +2:% ON $1 LZ +2 = pueskeIyn ¢2 WY MIZELCIE O§F €& WY MZ €£I ZIT Avg erin vues YO 61 S-d LS:Il N £& 2b +2 87:11 N 9b Zb 42 Ob-T£0T pueskeig §2 WY MCS ELCIE Ist @ WY MM 9E tT ZIT Avg vey eiueg yO 6 $-d LUIT N 9b 2b $2 OS:01 N 2b €b 42 Or-IE0T saqn}miom 77 WY M 9ZPT ZIT 991 8 WV M 86 tI ZIT Avg ene euegS yO 6T ¢-d ‘pues Avin Se:0T N fb &b +2 0Z:01 N 9% tb +2 Ob-TE0T saqn}uomM gt WY M8E+rl Zl 61 7 WV MA 8Prdl ZIT Avg eneyewuegyQ 61 z-d ‘pues Avin £101 N 92 tb tz +556 N 00 +b tz Ob-T£0T saqn}monA 72 WY M 8b zit sts Sst WY M Of tI ZIT Aeg eueypyeureg yo 61 I-d Lv:6 N 00 tb +z 0f:6 N ZI fb tz Ob-TE0T pnu‘pueskeig 92 Wd MCS tI 8 TE Wd MM LP ts ttt AegepinL yO sgt OF-0s0t Lv?Z = =N ZI 6€ LZ LUZ N SO 6€ Lz ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 328 BIUIOJI]V) JOAMOT JO 3SBOT) ISIAA 091X9 JAI 0F61 HO NOILIGCHdXY OIIDVd MOOONVH NVTTV Or6T ‘uel PLN 092 Ter MA 02 61 8IT puejsy BUullejeS eUuRS Or 6£-6c0T N 0€ £@ ‘2A0D ATU AA JO "A yoor ‘pny SZ £8 M Of ST 8IT pues] euljeiey) eyuLesg or 6£-820T N Sd 81 &€ JO pue “AS JO a pout uselt) ost OvT MA 00 +T 8IT pueysy eurejey or 6£-LZ0T N ST ST €& Byues JO “AS “tars pnus‘sasuods = Iz SIT M SZ 8 8IT purlsE 6 6£-9Z0T N O£€ 68 Zé a}UIWa[-) UPS JO "MAN 6£6T 29d sjood apn ‘yo0y a10q§ M SS +2 8IT "SJ a}UaUIa]D URS “A0D 4 6£-SZOT N O£ 8b ZE prmeiXg ‘iu ‘9A0_ asioyy 6£61 “AON SysDUIY ‘Sub y= auty u011S0g AIG] ‘Sub uty u01j1s0g 44110207] vsauay awvq uo1yvis ¢pQ abpasq uonog abpaiq $29 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO 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N OP ZE €z 90:1T N SS LE £Z OF-LE0T auljeioo‘pueg Ost WY MAM 22 82 60 66 +5 WY MM 00 OF 601 pepiursy, ve] ap voog 1Z I-d Sf:01 N 00 8£ £2 02:01 N 22 8& £2 Or-LE0T aseioyouy aoe} M St SZ 601 sinJurgaposouy = =0Z ~—sOF-9E0T ye 3Y4SVT 91909] -Ing N Sb OT & pues ‘aurjeiop «684 SCC CMA SE (OF GOT) «=080Z7—S—(—sC«iOLsi(GésSCWWd—Ssé« SMA: ST.:«*OOE:s«COON. yueg epioy wouut = 0_—Ss« OHS EOT é zis N SE 10 & Sr:Z N 00 ZO £&z SIB3S 9[}I1Ig ‘AUT][eIOD $6 Wd M St Ld 601 6L L9 Wd M CZ 62 601 yurg epslos) 13jnO 02 c-d See 17:2 N O€ 10 £&@ Lril N SO 10 £2 Ob-bSO1 pues ‘suljeioy =8+9 Wd MM SS 82 601 $9 6S Wd AM SS 82 601 yueg eploy 133nQ (0% I-d cok WN OL 10, £2 AR N +S 00 £2 Ob-bE0T JSBOT) JSOAA—BIUIO;IBT) JO [NSD sdwiiys aoe} M 00 ZI ZIT Avg vuajepsey] gO 61 Ob-££0T -ing N 00 81 +2 Or6r ‘uel SYLDUULIY ‘Sut = aut 01]1S0q 16 ML MCL CLA 01]180q 471)0207 jvsauay 3yvq u01101§ CQ abpaiq umog abpasq Vor. i ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 330 vance ae Ls M Sb EE CIT PURIST eIpIeNH elap pes —8Z_——OF-SSOT N 0S t£ 62 -UY ‘puR{s] d}1UvID Jo°N Petes Oe 82 AA 00 96 $11 Pues] eIprend ej ap —8Z_—dOF-FSOT N SE SE 62 Jasuy ‘orsnjay owang PON 2104s M SE VE CTT pues] eiprengsy &| ap 87 Ov-ESOT N Lt cf 62 jesuy ‘orsnyzay ojong pry 9 M OF VE ETT PueIs] VIPIVNe) &] ep Le Ob-cSOT N LI 2E€ 6¢ josuy ‘orsnjay owang 1194S 1d M &S &€ EIT PUB[S] BIPIVNe) el ep Le Ob-TSOT N £2 €€ 62 jasuy ‘orsnzay orang geek alo Z MA Lb ££ EIT Pues] erpueny ejap ZZ _—_—OF-0SOT N 20 dE 62 jasuy ‘orsnyay owang oad AYDOY 210q$ M SE vE ETT Roe repel eer Le O+-6+0T N Lb 2 62 jasuy ‘orsnyayy oyang pues ‘jays ZZ TT M LS Sf Ett RUS Seren) Ekep 97 Ob-8+0T N €& 2E 62 jesuy ‘orsnjoy orang POL "PUBS 3104S M oH &T SIT pues] BIpieny ev] ap 9Z 0+-Lt0I N LS Tf 62 jesuy ‘orsnjay ouiang ajsurys e104S$ M 80 +e EIt eae) FD bah O24 ATS) 2) 1) 92 Ob-9+b0I N 10 2& 62 jasuy ‘orsnjay ou1ang JSBOT) ISOAA—BIUIOJI[BT) JO FIND ajsurys e10ys M SP LI crt pue]sy uornq! 7, x4 Ob-StOT eee N SE Sb 82 Jo a1oys *S [Me1} Weog “pues 9T A AA O¢ 8I elt puels] UOINTT, FO °S 4 Ov-t+0T N Sb tb 82 Surjou pue suiddiq ¢ z MA SO 6I ZIT pue]s] uornqt! 7, VA O+-f+0T N O€ £b 8Z Jo's ‘puels] SJouin {, Orer ‘uel SYADULIY ‘SUL y = aulty, u011S0g AIG] “Sul AULT, u014180q fy1jvI07 [v4aUuayH 3j0q u0yvys dQ abpaiq unrog abpaiq 351 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER: No. 3 SIEJSJIYSEG Sh Or M 8b 82 FIT yooy Sesuoy YO Tt Ob-L90T N 00 £€§ 0€ yoy 2104S M SE LZ +IT yooy sesuoy 1 0b-9901 N 00 ZO T€ aseioyouy does MA SZ 7 t1t Avg esezuoryy = 0 OS 9OT 38 WYBIT 91a] q -INg N ST Ly 62 ‘pue[s] Pre IITA BO PLA 02 Or M Of £2 FIT Avg esvzuory O€ 0+-b90T N SZ 6b 62 ‘pueys] pleiiiM BO ajsuryg 2104S M O£ £2 +11 Avg esezuoyy = =0f ~—s OF- £90 N SZ 8b 62 ‘purest PlPTITA pny 91 M O€ £2 FIT Avg edvzuos) O€ Ob-Z90T N Sb 6b 62 ‘WuIog P1LI[IAA BO PIA Or O¢ M OF 9 +IT Avg esezuory 0£ Ov-190T N 00 0S 62 Qurog PlPI[IIM HO aseioyouy aoe Ff M $2 ce IT Avg Bdezuoy 6c Or-090T ye WS 9109; -IN§ N ST Lb 62 ‘JUI0d P4PIITMA HO 124s ‘pueg cL Wd MOE OE EIT O12 £8 Wd AM Ol OF EIT = purls] erpivny ev] ap jaz 6z Ob-6S01 Og-k - NST te 6¢ SO:T N IE v& 62 -uy ‘orsnyoy ouang HO Syool [jews ‘pueg +6 WY MM 6S O£ £1t soz 89 WY AM Of O€ EIT purist erpaeny x ap jas 62 Ob-8S50T Lvill N Sv €& 62 97:1. N SE bE 62 -uy ‘orsnyoy oang YO jaavisApueg 1 WY MSI TE SILT €0t 95 WY MM ZE OF STE purisyerpaengejapjad 62 g-d SO:IT N Sb £& 62 8:01 N Sb €& 62 -uy ‘orsnjay 09nd YO OF-ZS0T yoy TS WY MSE OE ETT O61 TS WY AM SE OF €II purjs[eipieny epepjas = 6Z z-a SZ:01 N Ov ££ 62 +101 N Ob £& 62 -uy ‘orsnjay O19Ng HO Or-ZLS01 s4ajsvag aj) ‘aaeiIy Is WY AM Ov OF EIT 96 +S WV AM SZIE €IL purys] eipreny ev] ap jas 62 -a 05:6 N Sb €& 62 0£:6 N Sb €& 62 -uy ‘orsngay O19Ng YO Ob-ZS01 aurjeioo ‘pueg = TT 9 M LZ SE EIT ~~ “S|ST VILaJA puke eIpreny 8Z = O-9SOT N Lt Cy 62 Ee] 3p jasuy Uda MI Or6T ‘uel SYADULIY ‘SUL = auld u01]1S0g ‘41qQ) ‘Sub aut yy u01J1S0g 47110207] [v49uUay avg uounis dQ abpasq unrog abpaiq Vot. 1 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 332 jaar ‘yooy Jaar ‘YOY I1?qs ‘purg 1194s ‘pues pues ‘pnyy aes[e ‘pues pues ‘pny pues ‘pny 1194s “pues BEES pry pnw umoig pnw umoig SYLDULIY ct eT TT OT ai IT Or 1c ve “SULT 9104S MA 02 £S CIT N Sv ST Of ei0US M 02 €£$ crt N Sv ST OF Wd M00 9t EIE cét &t Wad AX 05 ST ett 10: T N ZS 68 0€ Lyect ON St 00 TE Wd MOS ST ETE Shot HIT Wd MA ST 9T EIT Lect ON ST 00 Tf Le-cl_ N Ob 00 TE WY M Sd 8f &It ste TT WV M SS Zé SIT oC: 6 N 0S 81 TE 10:6 N SE 8t TE € M ST 6€ EIT N $0 6f Té Wd M OFT 6E ETE SLT ITT Wd AM ST 6€ €IT 60: N 0S 8f TE 63°F N SO 6F Té Wd MSO 6f €TE O8F TT Wd M SO 6€ SIT Sv:P N Sb 8f TE cet N 00 6F TE Wd MST 6f &It O0¢2 OF Wd AM 00 6€ €IT Liv N 00 6f Te A N ST 61 Tf JSBOT) JSBA—BIUIOJI[BT) JO FIND Hz M 0S 6b IT N 00 10 Tf € MA Of 6b FIT N 0s 10 Té WY MST 8 oI O8F 12 WY AM SI 8 FIT St: 6 N St 90 TE Ot: 6 N Of£ 90 TE WY M00 82 tIt O8f 0S WV M 00 82 tIT Or: 8 N 00 90 Té ST8 N O£ 90 TE aut. u0141S0g “4IQ] “SUL AULT, u0141S0g ¢Q abpaiq unrvog abpasq yooy SesuoD YO e1ouos ‘Aeg eooda 7, v Ob-LLOT B1ouos ‘feg evoo0da yj, ¢ O+-9Z0T puvys] Sad10a5y aprsuy ¢ c-a Ob-4SZ0T pue|s] sadioay apisuy 3 T-d Ov-BSZ0T B1IOUOG £ Ob-rZOT urog AyI0y HO BIOU0S £ Ob-fL0T ‘Suro Ax90Y HO e10Uu0sg a, ¢-d Juiog AyI0Y HO Or-ZZ0T e.10U0S z 7-a uriog y90y YO Ob-ZLOT e10u0g 6 }-d Juiog 4yD0y HO O+-ZZL0T Aeg adtjaq ues cA Ot-TZOT Aegadyayueg 2 OF-OL01 yooy Sesuon FO T 0+-690T T O+-890T OF6T “497 fy1jvI07 JvsaUusayH awvq 101019 333 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 pues 8T St M 20 £0 TIT BOO ‘OdsTOURIY L O+-Z80T N ST 9S Le ueg ap epeuasuq pues ‘pny 8T WV MA Lv £0 Itt Cv~ St WV M 20 £0 ITT B1OUOG ‘OoSTOURI Z Ob-B980T SttE—- NSS SS. 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Ov-O1TT Ni Sz S242 ‘Avg [aliqeuy uerg sumeudiq Z % M SS 02 OIT puvjsy oyueg nyidsy = pO G6OTT N SZ S@ +2 ‘Aeg [atiqey) ues a surys a10ys M SS 02 OL puvys] ojueg NjtTasq eT Ob-S0IT N S@ S@ +2 ‘Avg [atiqey ues pnuruseip SE Wad MSb7ZO0Il +t 60 Wd OM &£S Cz OI puv|sy oyueg n3raidsqy £1 Ob-LOTT It ¢ N 61 92 +2 £o:$~ —N-65: 90-02 ‘Avg Jaliqey ueg YO puessfeiy fh Wd MSZ8E 0Il 912 th Wd M £0 8é OTT purjs] = €T. Ob-90TT 6v:7I ON SZ Lb te Of:ZT N Ob Lb +2 oostoueI yy UBS HO pnuusiy git WY M00 8S OIF 09 Let WY M 00 8S OTT wuIOg [BINIVy eI Ob-SOTT 05:8 N 82 82 SZ OLe - GN 0g Ze Se JO “YS TW + yoo a104s M O0€ 20 IIT Avg apia, ensy rat Ob-bOTT N $0 TE SZ aulag a104gs M O€ ZO IIT Aeg apiaa ensy = ZT. 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Souyay SOSOnvIs! OLN3G Nv avi4st 34M tvawno' viosyn V1 76 139N WN.011 MSI NoSd Chart 13 Vot. 1 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 372 AVE NY TIV Lad’, (0 ee Suvidd SLI xX 3a W OTTINYZNb ml ‘IT NOLYAddIND 8 VLILVIVN 35.4 £01 ‘LT OYYOSOS S /AbO1} "EL ROIEVIAD o oSlt Chart 14 373 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 INVISLSODOO, | ‘id VOI8NG 337N0 40 51ND WAOZINIO 31ND he {VIIY VLGOD; \ OAVO Vdd dO 31ND VNOVUYVIIN ; Bpvoasnos 40 33ND 3 : yOaWMIVS 73> Svan N } YN QANOH wiv tvag, Oad3LNVNH aL JO 37n9d : SVYUNAGNOH 43O 431NS M'.06 M66 ODIXAW OSs Chart 15 374 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 1 B_GULF OF PANAMA RC, @ Q > S stearita Yo ic roe e MALPELO }. C. SAN FRANCISCO Chart 16 No.3 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 375 *LaPLata 1. SSacannos ;: 5 B Fa STA. ELENA Ab 3 GULF OF fa GUAYAQUIL’ FUERA is. p E R U HUANAPE 1.8 HORMIGAS de} AFUERA 13. - Nene CHINCHA IS. 7 INDEPENDENCIA BAY 5° PORT SAN JUAN 6. Chart 17 376 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Vou. 1 THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS (BELONGING TO ECUADOR) Coumpiled from the lniest information SOUNDINGS In PATHOMS WEIGHTS IN FRET Onderlined Agures 1 the water in brackets, thud) tndunte the height. above she plane of high water. of the adjacmt land or rock DARDOR AND #PECIAL CHARTS There are epecial chars af all places of whieh tho names aze undmiined thus Jpvena Care ows Cacarel. $ rand. dt deck gx gray. wh white bead ore comrec, fae. fine. rhs rocky RRS alla ww ~ Natucal Scale gizg at Lat 0 0 Rw Br) on ~) iP No \ytt ~ < ~ (on) 951i L51@ X v9l1@e 24929061 ? be 29 > bm a4eR)¢1 Ay oO 4M S AY Ee a % 7 @zi61 IN, uw, & Ay CLI Qlre® Yua® big _ 20M 99116211 D0aId y o Beuc 0 qISI® , wie el Sing Sue Ly sup dy, O 606@ 4911@ Y £811 @ SID Eeo2 ms 10v!1@ Ay be 8211) rHI@© g M0781 Chart 27 No.3 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO II, EASTERN PACIFIC 118°] 20'w \S) @1154 y ae) @872.900 oO @1000 ee) LONG POINT Oo @i71 ie 899 @ 1002 S @1153 4% “4 7] @ico1 08 IL 1359 1357 Sy Whites Cove 4 : @1167.@ 1158 @999 Chart 28 383 3525) 1360@ @1029 Chart S112 384 Chart 29 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 1 144¢@ @iis4a @98! atb @l44b ®i77 90W) O97 HW46 $7 @975 @i45 979® 6) : | BO ze 978 SANTA BARBARA ISLAND Chart 510! No.3 FRASER: SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 385 ICOLAS Os @uze ISLAND Chart 30 1187 40’W 118°)20'W @019 @i020 (@) aN &) Xp 4 1238 @'0i¢ Oo,O0” S By ay ° @102¢ 10223@ @%#a @w22 @914 b ®wi2 Chart 5101 Chart 31 386 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VoL. 1 S342 a CORT E'S SriSeeenca ouets. =< Chart 510! 387 SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC FRASER No. 3 ~, N “, NVG YENNVL \ lols 3HeqD Y ‘ 4 "A rr an . rid Nes ese omene M,0210611 - tes ‘a bHI® ye VOHEI® sts *. . . =s \SI® ea te ‘\ - ‘ Fa oe Ne txous a“ bay Chart 33 388 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS 1179 WS 1210 LA JOLLA SAN o\ DIEGO e A, i 3% om 32°h0'N TS, PT. LOMA @i241a @i241b \ CORONADO, Q ISLANDS Chart 34 Voi. 1 No. 3 Chart 35 Chart 36 FRASER : SCIENTIFIC WORK, VELERO III, EASTERN PACIFIC 389 BAHIA TOBOS SANTOS CALIFORNIA ®4a8 BAHIA SAN QUINTIN © 489 ©490 Chart 1149 390 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS Vox: 1 LOWER 3 CALIFORNIA BAHIA ©491 ROSARIO 610 ©c6tl Chart 1193 Chart 37 LAGOON] HEAD OS IANUELA LAGOON 282N. 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Titles of papers, plate and chart illustrations are in boldface. A Ten-Year List of the Velero III Collecting Stations, 259 Abalone Point, Laguna Beach, California, 337, 357 Abingdon (Pinta) Island, Galapagos, 4, 6, 217, 218, 278, 368, 417 Abreojos Point, 52, 67, 312 Academy, 6 Academy Bay, Indefatigable Island, Galapagos, 224, 231, 232, 276, 282, 289, 314, 315, 368, 421 Acajutla, 155 Acapulco (City of), Mexico, 5, 153, W/L, 272,273, 528 Acapulco Harbor, 153, 171 Acapulco heads, 153 Acknowledgments, 47 Adair Bay, 135 Agassiz, Alexander, 5, 6 Agassiz, Elizabeth, 4 Agassiz, Louis, 4 Agua (Volcano), 155 Agua Verde Bay, Mexico, 101, 107, 108, 299, 303, 307, 334, 335, 366, 398 Aguja Point, Peru, 6, 199 Ahome Point, 138 Albany Island, Galapagos, 222, 223, 282 419 Albatross Expeditions, 2, 5, 7 Albemarle (Isabela) Island, Galapagos 4, 6, 22, 217-224, 227-228, 230, 231, 277, 281, 283, 368, 418 Albemarle Point, 220, 221, 277, 281 Allan Hancock Foundation, 43, 49, 96 Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions of 1931-1932, 272; 1933, 274; 1934, 280; 1935, 289; 1936, 297; 1937, 304; 1938, 312; 1939, 320; 1940, 328; 1941, 347 Cruises of Summer 1934, 288 Cruises off California Coast, 312, 318, 319, 324, 327, 336, 350 Almejas Bay, 68 Alusea Point, Colombia, 165, 166 Amapala (Honduras), 156 An Account of Collecting Stations, 55 Anacapa, East, Middle, West islands, 56, 72 Anacapa islands, California, 56, 57, 58, 72, 318, 350, 363, 366, 378 Anacapa Light, 350 Anacapa Passage, 57, 72, 343, 378 Anaheim Landing, California, 425 Anaheim Slough, California, 59, 320 Ancon, Ecuador, 198 Andes, Peruvian, 204 Angel de la Guardia Island, Mexico, 52, 104, 105, 107, 133, 134, 300, 301, 330, 331, 333, 367, 371, 400, 401 Angeles Bay, Gulf of California, Mexico, 105, 133, 300, 309, 367, 400 Angeles Channel, Gulf of California, Mexico, 309 Appendix, 425 Arago State Park, Oregon, 427, 429 Arch Rock, Corona del Mar, California, 365 Arch Rock, Santa Cruz Island, California, 353 Archipelago De Las Perlas, 164 Arcturus, 7 Arcturus Adventure, 7 Arena Point, 98 Arica, 3, 4 Arranca Barba Point, 157 Arroyo de San Luis, 98, 329 Astor Expedition, 8 Asuncion Island, 67, 94, 273 Atlantic Monthly, 4 Avalon, Catalina Island, California, 60, 341, 346, 359 Avalon Bay, 339 Avila, 72 Bahia Catalina, Sonora, Mexico, 138, 334 Bahia Charco Azul (David Bay), 161 Bahia Chinche, 162 Bahia Honda, Panama, 161, 162, 163, 197, 272, 274, 279, 285, 317, 322, 367, 374, 409 Bahia Legamo, 162 Bahia Montijo, 163 Bahia Pifias, 165 Bahia San Miguel, 164 Bahia San Quentin (Quintin), 389 Bajas Point, 200 Balboa, California, 346 Balboa, Canal Zone, 164 Balboa, Canal Zone, 7, 50, 51, 53, 163, 164, 197, 272, 274, 322, 374, 410 Balboa Island, California, 425 Balboa Park, California, 22 Balboa Peninsula, 425 Ballenas Bay, Espiritu Santo Island, 107, 298, 299, 304, 306 Ballenas Bay, West Coast, Mexico, 67 [ 433 ] 434 INDEX Ballenas Channel, 104, 105, 400 Ballestas Islands, Peru, 204 Banco Point, 160 Banderas Bay, 140 Bando Point, 63 Bandon, Oregon, 427 Banks Bay, Galapagos, 221 Banning, Hancock, 20 Baroness Wagner’s, Charles Island, 257, 275, 282 Barrel Post Office, 3, 232 Barrington Island (Santa Fe), Galapa- gos, 6, 217, 224, 225, 226, 231, 276, 315, 368, 420 Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, 164, 197, 279 Bartholomew Island, Galapagos, 222, 223, 257, 258, 282, 290, 419 Bassa Point, Galapagos, 226 Bat Islands, 158 Beagle, 3,4 Bechers (Becher’s) Bay, Santa Rosa Island, 57, 72, 318, 325, 326 Beck, R. H., 6 Beebe, Wm., 7 Belmont Pier, 340 Ben Weston Point, Santa Catalina Island, California, 354 Bennett Point, San Miguel Island, California, 360, 361, 362 Bernal Point, 200, 201 Beware (Santa Ana) Point, 202 Bindloe (Marchena) Island, Galapagos, 6, 217, 218, 230, 289, 368, 417 Bird Islands, Peru, 52, 199, 201 Bird Rock, Santa Catalina Island, 343 Bird Rocks, Peru, 52 Bishop Rock, 386 Bishop Rock, San Clemente Island, California, 62 Black Beach, Charles Island, Galapagos, 227, 228, 257, 272, 275, 281, 282, 283, 289, 291, 314 Black Beach Anchorage, Charles Island, Galapagos, 228, 257, 275, 368, 422 Black Beach Bay, Galapagos, 227, 228 Black Bight, Albemarle Island, Galapagos, 221, 276 Black Rock, Cape Corrientes, Mexico, 152, 312 Black Warrior Lagoon, 64 Bluff Cove, 58, 320 Bluff Cove Point, 104, 105 Boca de la Trinidad, 98, 329, 366, 396 Boiler Bay, Oregon, 428 Boqueron, 200 Boston, Mass., 4 Bowen Point, Santa Cruz Island, 343 Braithwaite Bay, Socorro Island, 69, 70, 171, 280, 288, 321, 395 Brief Account of Previous Expe- ditions, 1 Brothers Point, 151 Brummel Islands, 159 Buena Point, Port Culebra, 158, 286 Buena-ventura Bay, 167 Bulletin, Museum Comparative Zoology, 5 Bulletin, Nature Society of Naples, 5 Bulletin, New York Zoological Society, 8 Burica Point, 161, 373 Burnt Island Reef, 22 Cabeza Ballena, 97, 297, 305 Cabita Bay, Colombia, 166, 168, 285, 367, 412 Cabo Arco, 137 Cabo Blanco (Blanca), 159, 160 Cabo Falso, 68, 69, 97, 371, 394 Cabo Haro, 137, 138 Cacique Point, 158, 159 Caldera, 4 Calderas, 5 Caldwell Island, Galapagos, 227 California, South of San Francisco, 55, 370, 377 Callao, Peru, 3, 4, 5, 47, 200, 201, 203, 291, 315, 368, 375, 414 Callao Bay, 200, 201, 414 Callao Point, 200, 201, 414 Camotal Bank, 200 Campbell, Alex, 19 Canal Zone, 164, 410 Candelero Point, 101 Cape Arago State Park, Oregon, 427, 429, 430 Cape Bennett, San Miguel Island, 325 Cape Berkeley, Albemarle Island, 221, 231, 277 Cape Blanco, Oregon, 427 Cape Blanco, Peru, 169, 199 Cape Chalmers, Galapagos, 218 Cape Christopher, Galapagos, 220, 221 Cape Colnett, 63 Cape Corrientes, Colombia, 161, 166, 168, 285, 374, 412 Cape Corrientes, Mexico, 71, 139, 140, 151, 371 Cape Corso, 68 Cape Elena, Costa Rica, 157, 158, 406 Cape Henslow, 69 Cape Horn, 4 Cape Lobos, 136, 367, 403 Cape Mala, 163, 374 Cape Marzo, 165 Cape Middleton, 69 Cape Morrow, 169 INDEX 435 Cape Pasado, 168 Cape Pearce, 69 Cape Pulmo, 98 Cape Rule, Socorro Island, Mexico, 69, 70, 288, 321 Cape San Agustin, 65, 66 Cape San Eugenio, 64, 65, 66, 67 Cape San Francisco, Ecuador, 168, 198, 284, 317, 374, 412 Cape San Lazaro, 67, 68 Cape San Lorenzo, 168, 169, 200 Cape San Lucas, 5, 21, 52, 95, 97, 139, 297, 304, 366, 394 Cape San Quentin (Quintin), 63, 64 Cape Tepoca, 135, 136, 367, 403 Cape Tortolo, 67 Cape Velas, 158, 159 Cape Vicente, 58 Cardwell Point, San Miguel Island, 362, 363 Caribbean Coast, 53 Caribbean Sea, 164, 374 Carmel Bay, California, 55, 319, 366, 377 Carmen Island, Gulf of California, Mexico, 101, 108, 398 Carretas Head, 201 Cartago Bay, Albemarle Island, Gala- pagos, 219-222, 231, 277, 282, 283, 314 Castle Rock, San Clemente, California, 355 Cat Rock, Anacapa Island, 350 Catalina Channel, Santa Catalina Island, California, 359 Catalina Harbor, 60 Catalina Head, 354 Catalina Islands, Costa Rica, 159 Cavern Point, Santa Cruz Island, 353 Cedros Island (Cerros), 21, 23, 50, 52, 53, 64, 65, 66, 69, 94, 273, 288, 312, 326, 348, 349, 350, 366, 371, 392 Cedros Mountain, 65 Centinella Point, 169 Central America, 5 Central American Coast, 155 Ceralbo Channel, 99 Ceralbo Island, 99 Cerros (Cedros) Island, 21 Chacahua Bay, 53, 153, 171, 312, 321, 367, 405 Chacahua Lagoon, 153 Chala, 4 Champerico, 155 Channel Islands, 20, 23, 54, 93 Charles Island (Floreana or Santa Maria), Galapagos, 3, 6, 217, 224, 227, 228, 232, 257, 276, 281, 282, 283, 314, 421, 422 Charleston, Oregon, 427, 428, 431 Chatham Bay, Cocos Island, 161, 172, 272, 279, 313, 367, 408 Chatham (San Cristobal) Island, Gala- pagos, 3, 6, 217, 226, 232, 275, 276, 282, 368, 423 Chiapas, Mexico, 154, 312 Chile, 3 China Point, 93 Chincha Islands (Middle, North, South), 201 Chincha Islands, Peru, 201, 203, 204, 316, 368, 375, 415 Chinchas, 4 Chinese Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, California, 57 Chirambira Point, Colombia, 166 Chivato Point, 103 Chivos Island, 139, 149 Christopher Point, Albemarle Island, Galapagos, 231, 281 Church Rock, Santa Catalina Island, California, 354, 355, 357, 363 Clarion Island, Mexico, 6, 21, 50, 51, 52 53, 70, 171, 280, 288, 320, 321, 366, 372, 395 Clark, Hubert Lyman, 26 Clements, Thomas R., 35 Cleopha Island, 140 Clipperton Island, 6, 21, 50, 51, 70, 71, 171, 280, 372 Clipperton Island, 70 Clipperton Rock, 71 Coast Pilot, 49 Cobija, 3, 4 Cobos, Manuel, 3 Cocos Bay, Costa Rica, 159, 279 Cocos Island, 6, 7, 22, 50, 52, 156, 161, 167, 172, 279, 373, 408 Coker, Dr. Robert, 7 Colima (State of), Mexico, 152, 404 Colima Peaks, 152 Colnett Point, 161 Colombia, 50, 53, 165, 167, 198, 274, 284, 293, 317, 367, 374, 410, 411, 412 Colon, Canal Zone, 374 Colorado Point, 102, 103 Colorado River, 52, 97, 106, 134, 135 Concepcion Bay, 102, 103, 108, 303, 308, 367, 371, 399 Consag Rock (Ship Rock), Gulf of California, Mexico, 52, 106, 134, 149, 310, 331, 332, 367, 402 Conway Bay, Indefatigable Island, Galapagos, 224, 231, 272, 277, 368, 420 Cookson, W. E., 4 Coos Bay, Oregon, 427, 428, 429, 431 436 Coquimbo, 4, 5 Coral Beach, 339 Corinto, Nicaragua, 156, 157, 172, 273, 323 Corinto Harbor, 156 Cormorant Bay, Galapagos, 228, 276, 368, 423 Cormorant Point, Charles Island, Gala- pagos, 227, 228, 275 Cornwallis Bay, Socorro Island, 69, 70, 288 Corona del Mar, California, 59, 93, 327, 365, 425, 426 Coronado Islands (Los Coronados, West Coast of Mexico), 62, 388 Coronado Islands, Middle, North, South, 62, 63 Coronados Island, Gulf of California, Mexico, 102, 299, 366, 398 Cortes Bank, San Clemente Island, 61, 62, 355, 356, 357, 366, 386 Costa Rica, 157, 160, 161, 172, 272, 279, 286, 296, 313, 321, 367, 373, 407 Costa Rica—Cocos Island, 156 County Quarry, Santa Catalina, California, 326 Coyote Bay, 102, 103, 303, 308 Coyote Point, 99, 100 Coyote Rocks, 100 Crater Lake, Albemarle Island, 230 Crater Lake, Isabel Island, Mexico, 150 Crater Lake, James Island, 290 Creston Island, 139, 149 Crew, Velero IIT, 43 Cricket, 10, 20, 43 Cristobal, Panama, 164 Crook Point, San Miguel Island, California, 362 Crossland, Dr. Cyril, 7 Crossman Islets, Galapagos, 221 Culpepper Island, Galapagos, 6, 51, 217, 218, 417 Cuming, Hugh, 3 ae a Colombia, 165, 294, 367, Cuylers Cove, San Miguel Island, California, 72 Cuylers Harbor, 58, 72 Cypress Point, 55 Dakin Cove, 60 Dalrymple Rock, Galapagos, 226 Dana Point, California, 59 Danzante Island, 101, 108 Daphne Islands, Galapagos, 224, 225, 290, 314, 368, 420 Daphne Islands, Major, Minor, 225, 232, 314 Darwin, Charles, 4 INDEX Darwin Bay, Tower Island, Galapa- gos, 218, 230, 272, 278, 313, 368, 416 David Bay, 161 Daylight Point, Charles Island, Galapagos, 228 Depoe Bay, Oregon, 428, 430 Descarte Point, 157 Dewey Channel, 53, 66, 349, 393 Diggs (Point), Mexico, 105 Discoverer, 3 Distribution Charts, 366 d’Orbigny, Alcide, 3 Duncan (Pinzon) Island, Galapagos, 6, 224, 277, 368, 420 Dutch Harbor, San Nicolas Island, 61, 93, 344, 345 Eagle Bank, Santa Catalina Island, 341 East Anacapa Island, 72 East Point, Santa Rosa Island, California, 352, 359, 360 East San Benito Island, Mexico, 66, 94, 312, 348 Ecuador, 3, 50, 51, 52, 167, 168, 217, 274, 283, 291, 293, 317, 374, 375, 412 Eden Island, Galapagos, 224, 231, 420 Eighth Expedition, 44, 269 Elderberry Canyon, Santa Rosa Island, California, 72 Elena Bay, 157, 406 Elizabeth Bay, Albemarle Island, Galapagos, 219, 221 El Junco Lake, Chatham Island, Galapagos, 226, 291 EI Salvador, 21, 155, 373 El Segundo, 338 Emerald Bay, Santa Catalina, 320 Emerald Cove, 60 Empire Dock, Oregon, 429 Empire Landing, Santa Catalina, 358, 359 Ensenada, Mexico, 63, 389 Ensenada de Anpe, 100 Ensenada de Los Muertos, 99, 305 Ensenada de San Francisco, Sonora, Mexico, 137, 311, 333, 334, 367, 403 Ensenada Tumaco, Colombia, 167 Entrada Point, 68 Escondido Bay, 108 Espiritu Santo Island, 50, 99, 100, 107, 273, 298, 335, 366, 397 Esteban Island, 137 Eten Head, 199, 200 Expedition Charts, 262 False Point, 64 Farallon, San Ignacio Bay, Sinaloa, Mexico, 311 Farallones, Middle, North, Southeast, 55 Farallones, San Francisco, California, | | INDEX Fermin (Point), Mexico, 105 Fifth Expedition, 44, 266 Finger Point, Galapagos, 226 First Expedition, 44, 262 Fisher, W. J., 4 Flamingo Bay, 276 Flamingo Lagoon, Charles Island, Galapagos, 275 Flat Rock Point, Redondo, California, 364, 365, 426 Foca Point, 199 Fossil Point, Coos Bay, Oregon, 427, 429, 431 Fourth Expedition, 44, 265 Fourth of July Cove, Santa Catalina Island, California, 60 Fraile Bay, 297, 298, 311, 335, 366, 396 Fraser, C. McLean, 19, 35 Fraser Point, Santa Cruz Island, 351, 352 Freshwater Bay, Chatham Island, Galapagos, 226, 227, 276, 315 Fronton Island, 201, 291, 414 Fuego (Volcano), 155 Galapagos, World’s End,7 Galapagos Archipelago, 21, 49, 50, 52, 96, 217, 218, 229, 281, 289 Galapagos Islands, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 50, OL, 02, 96, 217,272, 2/55 281,313; 367, 368, 376 Galera Point, 167, 168 Galleto Point, 103 Gardner Bay, Hood Island, Galapagos, 229, 257, 275, 283, 291, 315, 368, 424 Gardner Island, 227, 229, 424 Garth, John, 44, 45, 197, 259 Gatun Lake, 164, 197 General Account of the Scientific Work of the Velero III in the Eastern Pacific 1931-41 Part I Historical Introduction, Velero III, Personnel (1-48) Part II Geographical and Biologi- cal Associations (49-258) Part III A Ten-Year List of the Velero III Collecting Stations and An Appendix of the Collecting Stations of the Allan Hancock Foundation for the Year 1942 (259-431) Geographical and Biological Associa- tions, 49 Geological Magazine, 8 Georges Bay, 135, 402 Georges Island, 134, 135, 149, 310, 332, 367, 402 Gilbert, C. H., 5 Goat Harbor, Santa Catalina Island, 358 437 Golden Gate, 50, 55 Golden Gate Bridge, 55, 72 Gonzaga Bay, 105, 134, 331, 367, 402 Gorda Bay, 159 Gorda Point, 97, 98, 159, 336 Gordon Rocks, Indefatigable Island, 224, 289 Gorgona Island, Colombia, 7, 167, 168, 198, 284, 293, 317, 367, 412 Gorgonilla Island, 167, 284 Grand Canyon, 108 Maer Island, 104, 107, 133, 134, 330, 1 Grayson Cove, 70 Guadalupe Island, 6, 7, 21, 23, 47, 52, 65, 66, 94, 312, 371 Guatemala, 52, 151, 154, 155, 172, 313, 321, 367, 373, 406 Guatulco Bay, 153 Guayaquil (City of), 47, 51, 52, 170, 198 Guayaquil Bay, 4 Guayas River, Ecuador, 169, 198 Guaymas, river, 170 pierre Sonora, 137, 138, 149, 371, Guaymas Bay, 137, 329, 367 Guaymas Harbor, 137, 138, 333, 334 Guerrero, 153, 171, 405 Guianas, 50, 53 Guionos Point, 159 Gulf of California, 1, 4, 5, 7, 20, 21, 35, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 69, 95, 96, 107, 108, 136, 139, 149, 297, 367, 370, 371, 403 Gulf of California—East Coast, 135, 310, 329, 332 Gulf of California—West Coast, 96, 305, 311, 329, 330, 334 Gulf of Culebra, 159, 373, 407 Gulf of Cupica, Colombia, 165 Gulf of Dulce, Costa Rica, 160, 172, 322, 367, 373, 407 Gulf of Farallones, 55 Gulf of Fonseca, 155, 156 Gulf of Guayaquil, 4, 169, 375 Gulf of Honduras, 373 Gulf of Mexico, 154 Gulf of Nicoya (Gulfo de), 159, 160, 373 Gulf of Panama, 5, 163, 367, 374 Gulf oF Papaseye: 156, 157, 158, 373, 40 Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico, 154, 171, 373 Gull Island (Sutil), 57, 60, 72, 324, 343, 344, 352, 364 Guy Faulkes Island, 231 Hacienda Barron, 21 438 INDEX Halfmoon Bay, California, 55, 318 Hallmark Dock, Oregon, 427, 429 Hancock, Captain Allan, 9, 10, 20, 21, 22, 35, 42, 43, 232 Hassler, 4 Heller, Edmund, 6 Herradura Point, 159 Historical Introduction, 1 Honduras, 155, 373 Hood (Espafiola) Island, Galapagos, 6, 217, 227, 228, 229, 257, 291, 315, 368, 424 Hopkins, Timothy, 6 Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, 426 Hopkins-Stanford Galapagos Expedi- tion, 6 Hormigas de Afuera Island, Peru, 201, 316, 375 Horse Cove, San Clemente Island, California, 61, 328 Howland’s Landing, Santa Catalina Island, California, 342 Huafiape Hill, 200 Huafiape Islands, Peru, 200, 203, 316, 375 Huara Islands, 200 Hueneme Canyon, California, 56, 351 Hughes Point, Mexico, 68, 287 Humboldt Bay, 165 Humboldt Current, 35, 227 Huntington Beach, 59, 337, 341, 347 Iguana Cove, 4 Ildefonso Island, Gulf of California, Mexico, 102, 308, 367, 399 Indefatigable (Santa Cruz) Island, Galapagos, 8, 217, 224, 225, 227, 228, 231, 232, 276, 314, 368, 420, 421 Independencia Bay, Peru, 52, 201, 204, 292, 316, 368, 375, 415 Inner Gorda Bank, Gulf of California, Mexico, 98, 305, 312, 329, 336, 396 Inner Islet, 65 International Boundary, 62, 67 Iquique, 4 Isabel Island, Mexico, 53, 139, 150, 273, 280, 287, 311, 318, 323, 367, 371, 404 Isla Blanca, 159 Isla Burica, 161 Isla Canal de Afuera, 163 Isla Cebaco, 163 Isla Centinela, 162 Isla Coiba, 163 Isla de Pajaros, 138 Isla del Rey, 164 Isla Fronton, 414 Isla Jicarita, 163, 197, 409 Isla Jicaron, 163, 197, 409 Isla Ladrones, Panama, 322 Isla Medidor, 162, 163, 322 Isla Pacora, 162, 163 Isla Partida, 99, 100, 104, 133, 161, 301, 333, 367, 400 Isla Raza, 104, 105, 133, 333 Isla San Lorenzo, 414 Isla Talon, 162 Islands off the West Coast of Lower California, 65 Islas Contreras, 162 Islas Ladrones, 162 Islay, 3 Isthmus, Mexican, 171 Isthmus Cove, Catalina Island, 60, 341, 342, 358 Isthmus of Panama, 4 Isthmus of Tehuantepec, 154 Jalisco, 139 James Bay, James Island, Galapagos, 222, 223, 251, 272, 277, 282, 368, 19 James (San Salvador) Island, Galapagos, 6, 217, 222, 223, 224, 257, 258, 290, 368, 419 Jervis (Rabida) Island, 223, 314, 419 Jicarita Island, Panama, 163, 197, 285, 367, 374, 409 Jicaron Island, 163, 197, 409 Jiquilisco Bay, 155 Johnsons Landing, 53 Judith Rock, San Miguel Island, 362 Julia E. Whalen, 6 July Cove, 354 Kelp Point, 67 Kicker Rock, Chatham Island, 226, 227 La Brea fossils, 9 La Brea Tar pits, 9, 10 Lagoon Head (Morro de Santo Domingo), 64, 366, 390 Lagoon Head Anchorage, 64, 304 La Guna, 138 Laguna Beach, California, 59, 94, 320, 345 Laguna Point, 377 La Jolla, California, 59, 61, 345, 366, 388 Lake Managua, 156 La Libertad, Ecuador, 50, 169, 198, 274, 275 La Libertad, El Salvador, 155 La Paz (City), 100, 108 La Paz Bay, 99, 100, 107, 366, 397 La Paz Harbor, 100 La Plata Island, Ecuador, 168, 198, 275, 284, 367, 375, 412 La Playa, Santa Elena Bay, Ecuador, 274 INDEX 439 La Roca, 167 La Union, El Salvador, 21, 156 Lambajeque, 4 Las Animas Bay, 104, 105 Las Animas Point, 104 Las Tres Marias Islands, 139, 404 Lewis Landing, 425 Libertad Anchorage, 136 Lido Island, 425 Lido Point, 226 Lima (City), Peru, 3, 4, 200, 204 Little Bat Islands, 158 Llorena Point, 160 Lobos de Afuera, Peru, 199, 203, 293, 316, 367, 375, 413, 414 Lobos de Tierra Island, 199, 368, 414 Lobos Point, Peru, 199 Lobos Point, Sonora, Mexico, 68, 310 Long Beach, California, 340, 381, 426 Long Point, Santa Catalina Island, 60, 93, 318, 319, 326, 339, 340, 353, 354, 358, 359, 361, 362, 363, 364, 366, 383 Lorenzo Island, 291 Los Angeles Harbor, California, 59, 370 Los Candeleros, 101 Los Frailes, 98, 107, 311 Los Frailes Bay, 98 Lower California, 4, 20, 52, 63, 65, 68 Lower California—West Coast, 62, 370, 371, 389, 390, 394, 396, 397, 399, 400, 402 ; Madden Dam, Canal Zone, 164 Madden Dam Road, Canal Zone, 322 Magdalena Bay (Santa Maria Bay), 21, 53, 66, 67, 68, 328, 329, 371, 394 Magdalena Island, 140, 323 Magicienne Rock, 229 Mala Point, Port Culebra, Costa Rica, 158, 286 Malpelo Island, Colombia, 50, 166, 197, 274, 374 Malpelo Point, 199 Mangles Anchorage, 102, 299, 366, 398 Mangles Point, 102 Manhattan Beach, 58 Manibi, 198 Manta (City), 168, 198 Manta Bay, Ecuador, 168, 293, 367, 412 Manuela Lagoon, 64, 304, 390 Manzanillo, 152, 372 Manzanillo Bay, 152 Marchena, 230 Marcial Point, 335 Marcy Channel, 68 Maria Madre Island, 139, 140 Maria Magdalena Island, Mexico, 404 Maria Point, 64 Marquesas, 8 Matapalo Head, 160, 172 Mazatlan, 10, 21, 50, 139, 149, 272, 371 Mazorca Island, 203, 204 Mechudo Head, 100 Medidor Island, Panama, 162, 163, 285, 322, 409 Mejia Island, 104, 134, 331, 401 Menlo Park, California, 6 Mexican Isthmus, 171 Mexico, 5, 20, 21, 50, 53, 272, 273, 274, 279, 286, 288, 297, 312, 318, 320, 323, 326, 328, 348, 367, 370, 371, 372, 373, 402, 404 Mexico from Cape Corrientes to Guatemalan Boundary, 151 Mexillones, 5 Middle Bay, Oregon, 429 Middle Chincha Island, Peru, 201, 204, 292 Middle Farallon Island, California, 55, 318 Middle Island, Anacapa, 56 Middle San Benito Island, 66, 304, 312 Miga Point, 159 Mission Bay, 59, 345 Monkey Point, Gorgona Island, Colombia, 293 Monotombo, 156 Montechristi, 168 Montecito, 354 Monterey Bay, 55, 366, 370, 377, 426 Monterey Canyon, 55 Monument Point, 136 Monument Rock, 70, 171 Monypenny Point, 156 Morro de Petatlan, 152, 153, 171, 286 Morro de Santo Domingo (Lagoon Head), 64 Morro Hermoso, 153 Morro Point, 169 Mount Evermann, 69, 171 Mt. San Pedro Martir, 134 Mount Viejo (Chinandego), 156, 172 Mount Walker, 160 Muertos Bay, 98, 366, 397 Mugu Canyon, 56 Mugu Point, 366 Mulege, 108 Murcielago Bay, 158 Narborough (Fernandina) Island, Galapagos, 6, 22, 217, 219, 221, 227, 230, 281, 368, 418 Natividad Island, 53, 66, 349, 366, 393 Nature, 4 Navidad Bay, 151 Navidad Head, Tenacatita Bay, 150, 151, 152, 287 440 Negritos Island, 159 New Westminster, British Columbia, 22 Newby, G. Bruce, 23 Newport Bay, 425, 426 Newport Beach, 59, 337, 341 Newport Breakwater, 346 Newport Channel, 346 Newport Harbor, 59, 337, 365, 381, 425 Newport Inlet, 426 Nicaragua, 155, 156, 157, 172, 273, 323, 373 Ninth Expedition, 45, 270 Noma,7 Nopolo Point, 100, 101 North Bay, Lobos de Afuera, Peru, 293 North Bay, Oregon, 429 North Bay, San Francisco Island, 299 North Chincha Island, Peru, 292, 316 North Farallon, 55 North Point, Gorgona Island, Colombia, 293 North Point, Guadalupe Island, 65 North Rocks, Colombia, 166 North Santa Barbara Island, 324 North Seymour Island, 6, 224, 225, 232, 278, 282, 290, 314, 420 North Viradores, 158 Northern Channel Islands, 56, 370 Northwest Harbor, San Clemente Island, 61, 327 Nourmahal, 8 Novara, 4 Noyes, Wm. C., 6 Nuez Island, Cocos Island, 161, 172, 313, 408 Oaxaca, 10, 21, 22 Oaxaca (State of), 154, 405 Occasional Papers, California Academy of Sciences, 6 Ocean Park, Oregon, 429 Octavia Bay, Colombia, 165, 294, 367, 411 Octavia Rocks, 294 Old Town of Panama, 164 Olive Mill Road, 354 Oneal Rock, 69 Onslow Island, 227, 228, 283, 314, 368, 423 Oregon Field Collecting Trip of 1942, 427 Osborn Bank, 61 Osborn Island, 229, 257, 283, 291 Outer Gorda Bank, 98, 311, 329, 396 Outer Guadalupe Island, 312 Outer Islet, 65 Pachacamac, 204 Pacific Grove (City of), California, 426 INDEX Pacific Ocean, 96, 171 Pacora Island, Panama, 162, 163, 285 Paita Point, 199 Palmas Bay, 98, 396 Palmilla Point, 97, 98 Palos Verdes, 93, 380 Panama, 5, 6, 7, 21, 50, 53, 139, 161, 164, 272, 274, 279, 285, 295, 317, 322, 367, 374, 409, 410 Panama and the Canal Zone, 162 Panama Bay, 163, 197, 410 Panama Canal, 50, 53, 154, 163, 164, 197 Panama City, 164, 197, 295, 322 Panama Harbor, 164 Panama Isthmus, 164 Paracas Bay, 201 Paracas Peninsula, 201 Paracas Point, 201 Parinas Point, 199 Patos Island, 136, 310 Payana Point, 169, 199 Payta, 4 Pebble Beach, Santa Catalina Island, 93 Pelican Bay, Santa Cruz Island, 57, 353 Pelican Harbor, 72 Perico Point, 98, 99, 101 Perry Isthmus, 217, 219, 220, 221 Personnel, 43 Peru, 3, 52, 199, 291, 315, 367, 375, 413, 414, 415, 416 Pescadero Point, 55, 98 Petatlan Bay, Mexico, 152, 274, 279, 286, 287, 367, 372, 405 Peterel,4 Petersen, Anker, 261 Pichilinque Harbor, 100, 107, 298 Pieta Point Light (see Prieta Point) Pillar Point, Halfmoon Bay, California, 55, 318 Pifias Bay, Colombia, 410 Pifias Bay, Panama, 197, 295, 367, 410 Pinchot, Gifford, 8 Pisco, 4 Pitt Head, 161 Pizura Point, 199 Platanal Point, 160 Platt Harbor, Santa Cruz Island, 353 Platt Point, 353 Playa Blanca Bay, Costa Rica, 157 296, 367, 406 Playa de los Dolores, 138 Playa del Rey, 58, 344 Point Ahome, 138 Point Arena de la Ventana, 99 Point Arguello, 56, 319, 425 Point Baja, 63, 64 Point Bennett, San Miguel Island, 58, 72, 319, 362 INDEX 441 Point Brava, Santa Elena Bay, Ecuador, 274 Point Concepcion, 102 Point Conception, California, 20, 53, 56, 58, 370 Point Cruces, Colombia, 165 Point Descanso, 62, 63 Point Diggs, 105 Point Doble, 137 Point Dume, 56, 58, 351 Point Fermin, California, 58, 59, 60, 93, 319, 344, 345, 366 Point Fermin, Mexico, 105 Point Final, 105 Point Galero, 171 Point Gorda, 99 Point Huacas, 201 Point Hueneme, 56, 351 Point La Jolla, 59 Point Lobos, 55 Point Loma, 53, 59, 62, 347, 348, 388 Point Mala, 158 Point Mugu, 351, 377 Point Piaxtla, Sinaloa, Mexico, 52, 139, 311 Point Pinos, 55, 319 Point Reyes, 55 Point Sacate, 157 Point San Antonio, 64, 137 Point San Eugenio, 366, 393 Point San Felipe, 105, 106 Point San Luis, 55, 56, 318 Point San Nicolas, 202 Point San Pasquel, 101 Point San Pedro, 55 Point San Rosarito, 64 Point San Vicente, 93 Point Santa Cruz, 55 Point Telmo, 100 Point Tierra Firma, 102 Point Tosco, 68, 297 Point Vicente, 58, 59, 93, 338 Pointa Punta, 414 Pond Island, 104, 134, 301, 333, 400 Pond Lagoon, 52 Port Angeles, 154 Port Ballena, 99 Port Culebra, Costa Rica, 71, 158, 279, 286, 367, 407 Port d’Islay, 4 Port Luis Obispo, 72 Port of Corinto, 156 Port Paita, 199 Port Parker, Costa Rica, 157, 172, 296, 321, 322, 367, 406 Port San Bartholomé, 67, 393 Port San Blas, 140 Port San Juan, 50, 202, 368, 375, 416 Port San Luis, 56 Port San Nicolas, 202, 368, 416 Port Utria, 165, 166, 198, 285, 293, 294, 317, 367, 411 Porto Chico, Galapagos, 226 Portuguese Bend, California, 59, 319, 320, 327, 338, 425 Post Office Bay, Charles Island, Galapagos, 3, 227, 228, 232, 257, 275, 276, 282, 283, 368, 422 Potrero Grande Bay, 158 Preparation for Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 9 Prieta Point, 100, 107, 298 Prieta Point Light, La Paz, Mexico, 298, 305 Prince’s Island, 72 Prisoner’s Harbor (Santa Cruz Island), 57, 72, 318, 325, 326, 353 Proceedings, California Academy of Sciences, 7 Proceedings, USNM, 4, 7 Proceedings, Washington Academy of Sciences, 6 Proceedings, Zoological Society of London, 4 Progreso, 3, 226, 232 Puerto Ayora, 231 Puerto Culebra, 172 Puerto Escondido, 101,108, 303, 307, 334, 366, 398 Puerto Grande, Galapagos, 226 Puerto Refugio, 104, 105, 133, 134, 300, 309, 330, 331, 367 Puerto San Carlos, Sonora, Mexico, 137, 149, 334 Pulpito Point, 102, 307, 308, 398 Puna (Village of), 5, 52, 170 Puna Island, 169, 170, 291 Punta Arenas, 159 Punta Baja, 101, 138 Punta Blanca, 157, 158 Punta Brava, 164, 198 Punta Burica, 156, 160, 161 Punta Caracoles, 164 Punta Chiquirin, 156 Punta Coyote, 101 Punta Doble, 137 Punta Galera, 153 Punta Garachiné, 164 Punta Gorda, 152 Punta Guarida, 161, 162 Punta Jabali, 162, 163 Punta Judas, 159, 160 Punta Mariato, 163 Punta Mita, 140 Punta Pifias, 164, 165 Punta Santa Elena, 169 442 Puntarenas, 159 Pyramid Cove, San Clemente, 61, 93, 320, 327 Pyramid Rock, Clarion Island, Mexico, 70 Quemado Point, 201, 202 Quinones Point, 159 Quito, 198 Rancho La Brea, 9, 19 Ranger Bank, Cedros Island, Mexico, 53, 66, 326, 348, 366, 391 Red Bluff Point, 136 Redondo, California, 58, 380 Redondo Beach, 58, 338 Redondo Canyon, 58 Redondo Point, Mexico, 68 Redondo Rock, Galapagos, 221 Remedios Bay, 105 Remedios Point, 105 Report, U.S. Fish Commission, 5 Revilla Gigedo Islands, 69 Revilla Gigedo Islands, 5, 50, 51, 52, 70 Ribbon Rock, Santa Catalina Island, 354 Rio Janiero, 428 Ritters’, Charles Island, Galapagos, 257, 275, 281 River Guaymas, 170 River Rimac, 200 Roca Partida, 70 Rock Point, Sonora, 104 Rocky Bluff, 135 Rocky Point, Clarion Island, 70 Rocky Point, Sonora, 134, 135, 310, 332, 367, 402 Rocky Point Bay, 135 Roosevelt, Kermit, 8 Rosario Bay, 64, 297, 304, 366, 390 Round Top Mountain, 133 Rugged Point, 69 Saddle Point, 227, 228 Salango Island, Ecuador, 169, 275, 293, 367, 375, 412 Salina Cruz, 154, 171 Salinas (village of), 169 Salinas Bay, Carmen Island, Mexico, 101, 108, 307 Salinas Bay, Costa Rica, 156, 157, 296, 297, 367, 406 Salinas Bay, Peru, 200 Salinas Island, 157 Salinas Point, 170, 200 Salinas Promontory, 200 Salinas River, 55, 319 Sal Si Puedes Channel, 133 Sal Si Puedes Point, Costa Rica, 160 San Antonito Point, 102 San Basilio Bay, 102 San Benedicto Island, 70 INDEX San Benito Islands, East, Middle, West, 52, 53, 65, 66, 94, 326, 336, 348, 349, 366, 391 San Carlos Bay, 138, 367, 403 San Clemente Island, 53, 61, 62, 93, 327, 328, 355, 356, 366, 385 San Cosme Point, 101 San Diego (city of), 5, 20, 23, 62, 99, 139, 164, 370, 388 San Diego Bay, 59, 62, 347, 348, 388 San Diego Islet, 100 San Esteban Island, 149, 301, 310, 333, 367, 403 San Eugenio Point, 349, 371 San Felipe Bay, 105, 134, 332, 367, 402 San Francisco, California, 4, 23, 50, 53 San Francisco (village of), 168 San Francisco Bay, 55, 72, 370 San Francisco Bay, Ecuador, 168, 284, 317, 367 San Francisco Bay, Panama, 322 San Francisco Island, Gulf of Cali- fornia, Mexico, 100, 299, 306, 307, 335, 366, 397 San Francisquito Bay, Mexico, 103, 104, 133, 299, 300, 367, 399 San Francisquito Point, 103, 104, 133 San Gabriel Bay, Espiritu Santo Island, Mexico, 99, 107, 298, 303, 304, 305, 306, 335, 397 San Gabriel Point, 103 San Gallan Island, 204 San Ignacio Bay, Sinaloa, 138, 311 San Ignacio Farallon, 138, 149, 311, 367, 403 San Ignacio Point, 138 San Ignacio River, 135 San Jaime Bank, 68, 304, 394 San Jose, Guatemala, 155 San Jose Channel, 100 San Jose del Cabo Bay, 97, 336, 366, 396 San Jose Island, Mexico, 100, 397 San Jose Light, Guatemala, 321, 367 San Jose Point, 313 San Jose River, 97 San Jose Valley, 97 San Jose Village, 97 San Juan Bay, Peru, 52, 204, 315, 316 San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua, 156 San Juan Nepomezeino Island, 100 San Juan Point, 202 San Juan River, Colombia, 166, 167 San Juanico Bay, 67, 68, 274, 304, 366, 394 San Juanico Point, 274 San Juanito Island, 139, 140 San Lorenzo Channel, 99, 298, 304, 306, 335, 366, 397 INDEX 443 San Lorenzo Islands, Mexico, 104, 133 Santa Elena Bay, 169, 283, 284, 367, 412 San Lorenzo Islands, Peru, 200, 201, 414 Santa Elena Peninsula, 198, 232, 274 San Lorenzo Point, 99, 100 San Lucas Bay, 97, 394 San Luis Gonzales Bay, 105 San Luis Island, 105, 134, 310, 367, 402 San Luis Obispo Bay, 55, 56, 318 San Marcial Point, 100, 101 San Marcial Reef, 101 San Marcial Rock, 101 San Marcos Island, 103, 108, 302, 303, 367, 399 San Miguel Island, 56, 57, 72, 318, 319, 325, 351, 366, 379 San Miguel Passage, 57, 58, 325, 379 San Miguel Point, 63, 136, 137 San Nicolas Bay, Mexico, 102 San Nicolas Bay, Peru, 315, 375 San Nicolas Island, California, 61, 62, 93, 336, 337, 344, 345, 356, 366, 385 San Nicolas Point (Harmless), 202 San Pedro Bay, 58, 59, 366, 381 San Pedro Breakwater, 340, 344, 346, 347, 426 San Pedro Channel, 60, 341, 345, 346, 366, 381, 382, 383 San Pedro Harbor, 10, 59 San Pedro Nolasco Island, 52, 137, 149, 302, 310, 311, 333, 367, 403 San Pedro Point, Mexico, 103 San Pedro Point, Santa Cruz Island, California, 103, 352, 353, 363 San Quentin Bay, 64, 297, 366, 389 San Quentin Bight, 64 San Rafael Bay, 104 San Salvador, 172 San Vicente Light, 93 Sandy Point, Santa Rosa, 363 Sangnianga River, 167 Santa Ana (Beware), Peru, 202 Santa Antonita Point, 102 Santa Barbara, 56 Santa Barbara Channel, 56, 58, 378, 379, 385 Santa Barbara Island, California, 53, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 93, 319, 324, 339, 341, 361, 362, 366, 384 Santa Barbara Passage, 382 Santa Catalina Island, 20, 53, 59, 60, 61, 93, 328, 339, 341, 342, 343, 344, 363, 364, 366, 382, 383 Santa Clara Island, Ecuador, 170 Santa Cruz Bay, 153 Santa Cruz Channel, 57, 326, 378, 379 Santa Cruz Island, 56, 57, 72, 318, 319, 326, 343, 344, 353, 364, 366, 378 Santa Cruz Islet, 100 Santa Elena (port of), 169 Santa Elena Point, Ecuador, 274, 283, 375, 412 Santa Inez Bay, 103 Santa Inez Islands, 103 Santa Inez Point, 103 Santa Lucia Bay, 153 Santa Margarita Island, 68 Santa Maria, 72 Santa Maria Bay (Magdalena Bay), 53, 66, 68, 280, 287, 312, 328, 366, 394 Santa Maria Island, 138 Santa Maria Point, 138 Santa Monica Bay, 58, 366, 380 Santa Monica Mountains, 72 Santa Rosa Channel, 72 Santa Rosa Island, California, 56, 57, 72, 318, 325, 351, 360, 366, 379 Santa Rosa Islands, Peru, 201, 204 Santa Rosalia, 103 Santa Rosalia Bay, 64 Santa Teresa Bay, 103 Santa Teresa Point, 102, 103 Santo Tomas Point, 63 Sappho Cove, 226, 227 Sargents Point, 106, 136 Scammon Lagoon, 64 Scherzer, Dr. Karl, 4 Schmitt, Waldo, 19, 35, 45, 46, 259 Scientists, 43 Scorpion Anchorage (Santa Cruz Island), 57 Seal Beach, 59, 340, 347 Seal Rocks, Gulf of California, 136 Seal Rocks, Santa Catalina Island, 93, 364 Sebastian Vizcaino Bay, 64, 65, 393 Secas Islands, 162, 172, 286, 295, 296, 317, 322, 367, 374, 408 oe Bay, Peru, 199, 316, 367, 375, 13 Second Expedition, 44, 263 Seventh Expedition, 44, 268 Seymour Islands, Galapagos, 225, 290, 368, 420 Shag Rock, 70 Ship Rock (Consag Rock), Gulf of California, Mexico, 106 Ship Rock, Santa Catalina Island, California, 342 Shoal Point, 135 Sierra de la Giganta, 108 Sihuatenejo (Sihuatanejo), 171 Sihuatenejo Bay, 152, 272 Sinaloa, Mexico, 139, 150 Siuslaw-Lane, Oregon, 428 444 Sixth Expedition, 44, 267 Skagway, Alaska, 22 Skunk Point, 72, 360 Slevin, Jos. R., 6, 22 Smuggler’s Cove, Santa Cruz Island, 57, 352 Snodgrass, R. E., 6 Socorro Island, 6, 21, 50, 51, 52, 53, 69, 70, 171, 280, 288, 321, 366, 372, 395 Solano Bay, Colombia, 165 Solano Point, 165 Sonora, 137, 149, 329, 332, 403 South Bay, Cedros Island, 53, 65, 94, 288 South Bay, Lobos de Afuera Island, Peru, 293 South Bay Landing, Cedros Island, 349 South Channel Islands, 61 South Coronado Island, Mexico, 63, 318 South Island, 105 South Point, Santa Rosa Island, 351, 352, 360, 361, 362 South Rocks, Colombia, 166 South Seymour Island, Galapagos, 6, DDA O25 23ONO1 2, Dil 21, 28a; 290, 314, 420 South Slough, Oregon, 430, 431 South Viradores Island, Port Culebra, Costa Rica, 158, 286 Southeast Farallon, 55 eeeeee Channel Islands, 58, 59, 61, 37 Squaw Island, Oregon, 429 S.S. Oaxaca, 10, 21, 22 State of Chiapas, 154 State of Guerrero, 153 State of Oaxaca, 154 State of Sinaloa, 139, 150 Stearns, Robert E. C., 4 Stephens Bay, Puerto Grande, Chatham Island, Galapagos, 226, 227, 272, 275, 276, 282, 291, 314 St. George, 7 Strait of Magellan, 5 Suchiate Bar, 154, 155 Sulivan Bay, James Island, Galapagos, ae 223, 257, 258, 282, 290, 314, 368, Sulphur Bay, Clarion Island, Mexico, 70, 171, 280, 288, 320, 321 Sunset Bay, Oregon, 427 Sunset Beach, 59 Sutil (Gull Island), 60 Svensen, Henry K., 8 Table Mountain, 62 Taboga Island, Panama, 4, 7, 163, 197, 323, 367, 410 Taboguilla Island, 163 INDEX Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island, Galapa- gos, 4, 221, 222, 230, 231, 272, 276, 277, 281, 289, 290, 368, 418 Tagus Hill, 277, 281 Tangola Tangola Bay, Mexico, 153, 154, 171, 274, 279, 286, 367, 405 Tangola Tangola Island, 154 Tanner, Lieutenant Z. L., 5 ‘Tanner Bank, San Clemente Island, 62, 356, 357, 366, 386, 387 Tehuantepec Railroad, 154 Tenacatita, Mexico, 50 Tenacatita Bay, Mexico, 150, 151, 152, 272, 273, 274, 280, 287, 297, 323, 367, 372, 404 Tenacatita Head, 150 Tenth Expedition, 45, 271 ‘Tepoca Bay, Sonora, Mexico, 136, 332, 333 Terminal Island, 327 The Galapagos Islands, 217, 376 The Revilla Gigedo Islands, 69 The Velero III, 24 The Voyages of Velero III, 50 Third Expedition, 44, 264 Thurloe Bay, 67, 94, 288, 366, 393 Thurloe Head, 67, 287, 288 Tiburon Island, 20, 52, 136, 137, 149, 301, 302, 310, 329, 330, 367, 371, 403 Tierra Firma Point, 101 To the South Seas, 8 Tobago Island, 50, 53 tote eases Bay, 53, 63, 65, 366, 370, 3 Todos Santos Islands, 63, 348 Topolobampo Harbor, 138, 139, 149 Tortuga Island, Galapagos, 221 Tortuga Island, Gulf of California, 103, 108, 302, 308, 309, 367, 399 Tose, Frank, 22 ‘Tower Island, Galapagos, 6, 217, 218, 219, 230, 416 ‘Townsend, Charles H., 5, 7, 8 Transactions, Royal Society of Edin- burgh, 8 Tres Marias Islands, 4, 367, 371, 404 Trinidad, 50, 53 Trujillana Channel, Independencia Bay, 201, 316 Tungo Village, 201 Turner’s Island, 136, 137, 329, 330 Turtle Bay, 53, 67, 94, 95, 273, 328, 366, 393 Tyler Bight, San Miguel Island, 318 Valparaiso, 3, 4 Vancouver, 22 Velero Bay, South Seymour Island, Galapagos, 225, 314 INDEX Velero I, 1U, 20 Velero IT, 10, 21, 22 Velero III, 2, 9, 10, 19, 23, 24, 26, 43, 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 59, 62, 72, 93, 94, 98, 105, 106, 108, 134, 135, 139, 149, 150, 152, 153, 156, 170, 171, 172, 197, 198, 202, 218, 219, 230, 231, 259, 260, 323 Venezuela, 50, 53 Ventana Bay, 99 Vettor Pisant, 4 Vieja (Viejas) Island, Peru, 201, 294, 292, 415 Viejo (Chinandega) Volcano, Nicaragua, 172 Viradores Islands, 286 Voyages of the Beagle, 4 Wafer Bay, Cocos Island, 161, 172, 279, 313, 367 Watering Bay, Gorgona Island, 167, 317 Wegeforth, Dr. Harry, 22, 48 Wenman Island, 6, 51, 217, 218, 230, 281, 368, 417 West Coast of Lower California, 297, 304, 312, 328, 336 West Cove, Concepcion Bay, Mexico, 308 West Cove, San Clemente Island, California, 61 West Island (Anacapa Island), 56, 57 West Point, Santa Cruz Island, 364 West San Benito Island, 66, 94, 312 445 Whalen, Julia E., 6 White Cove, Santa Catalina Island, California, 53, 60, 93, 320, 325, 326, 328, 339, 341, 357, 358, 359, 361, 363, 366, 383 White Friars Islands, Mexico (Potoci), 152, 153, 171, 286, 287, 312, 323, 367, 372, 405 White Rock, Galapagos, 221 White Rock, Gulf of California, 221, 222, 301 Willard Bay, 105 Willard (Willard’s) Point, Gonzaga Bay, Mexico, 105, 137, 310, 331, 402 Willow (Willow’s) Anchorage, Santa Cruz Island, 57, 72, 343 Willow Cove, Santa Catalina Island, 325, 358, 361, 362 Wilson ( Wilson’s) Cove, San Clemente Island, 53, 61, 320, 327, 347, 355, 356 Winchester Bay, Oregon, 427, 428 Wrangel Narrows, Alaska, 22 Wreck Bay (Porto Chico), Chatham Island, 226, 232, 275, 291 Wreck Point, 226 Wiillerstorf-Urbair, B. von, 4 Yaquina Bay, Oregon, 428 Yaquina Head Light, 428 Ziesenhenne, Fred, 45, 46, 259 Zoologica, 7 Zorritos Light, Peru, 199, 316 ‘i ee ah oes i i , oe Wy naa im oe ine 3 wie Ce i mM! % ei) J 7, { AS hi ie aM aides hy ae oe i N a ui it it i uae : ows Sf\A ie fier a ure v7) fe ae Z roy eres i , in a By , : aL ¥ ah av D { ys ‘Y i, ae i} i U ; 4 Ai inks a ie Ail in m ¢ 8 ae i th) oes K - KAS Wy i 2 a te ret me hay) ae : has fi 4 hy af r Pi 9B ‘ f a} bot e " COUN yd Pata | ag in as? 09, i Deer tine On Wo 18 Wad Frage ay . 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