ALUMNAE NEWS
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THE NORTH CAROLINA
State Normal and Industrial College
Culture Scholarship Service Self- Support
offers to Women a Liberal Education, Equipment for Womanly Service, Professional Training for Remunerative Employment
Five well-planned courses leading to degrees in Arts, Science, Pedagogy, Music, and Home Economics.
Special courses in Pedagogy; in Manual Arts; in Do- mestic Science, Household Art and Economics; in Music; and in the Commercial Branches.
Teachers and Graduates of other colleges provided for in both regular and special courses.
Equipment modern, including furnished dormitories, library, laboratories, literary society halls, gymnasium, music rooms, teachers' training school, infirmary, model laundry, central heating plant, and open air recreation grounds.
Dormitories furnished by the State. Board at actual cost. E.xpenses — board, laundry, tuition, and text-books — $195.00 a year. Tuition free to those who pledge themselves to become teachers.
Fall Term Opened in September.
Summer Term Begins in June
For catalogue and other information address
JULIUS I. FOUST, President, Greensboro, N. C.
t* A*** •$>*%*?**t* A *%*%**■* »•* »%***•'• A A»*« »%«■*■♦ A********* A A A A A AAA A AA AAA A AAA AAA A AAAAAA AA AA A AAA A AA AA A AAA-
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The recent announcement has been made of the engagement of Louise Glass, 1903- 1904, to Mr. Louis Nelson Bibrell, of Green- ville, N. C.
Irene Lacy, 1903-1904, now Mrs. Charles G. Rose, of TayetteviUe, was chairman of the entertainment committee for the meeting of the State Federation of Women's Clubs, recently held in Fayetteville.
Mrs Claude Kiser, of Greensboiro, nee Mamie A Moore, 1900-1901, recently re- turned from an automobile trip through Florida. She and Mr. Kiser accompanied Mr. and Mrs. H. E. Cartland in Mr. Cart- land's ear and went as far south as St. Augustine.
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SPECIAL TO TEACHERS
DURING the past three years we have located our members in SI states. Our patrons inclnde the best schools and colleges through the south- west. We locate a large number of the State Nor- mal Alumnae, [nformationfor the asking.
SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL BUREAU RALEIQH, NORTH CAROLINA
THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS
THE STATE'S
INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE
FOR MEN
Courses offered in Agriculture and allied sciences ; in Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering; in Textile Arts ; and in Industrial Chemistry.
FOR CATALOGUES, ADDRESS
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"Ideas are worth more than acres, and the possesor of ideas will always hold in financial bondage those whose chief posses- sion is acres of land." — Charles D. Mclver.
ALUMNAE NEWS
OF THE STATE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE
Vol. III. No. 3.
GREENSBORO, N. C, OCTOBER, 1914
Price, 25 Cents a Year
THE PLACE OF THE WOMAN'S
COLLEGE IN AMERICAN
EDUCATION
1914 Alumnae Address Delivered by Dr. Eleanor Lord, Dean of Goucher College
In looking over an address presented to this Association a year ago today, I was par- ticularly interested to note tlie recognition on the part of the speaker, and, by implica- tion, the recognition by the alert, thinking women of North Carolina that there must inevitably be some response from educators to the changing social, economic and politi- cal status of women in this present age. No system of training for men or women can continue to be vital and dynamic if it is allowed to ' ' set ' ', so to speak, in a perma- nent mould, to become stereotyped; the dan- ger of educational sehlerosis is something to be dreaded, indeed. In any transitional age one portion of the community may be rush- ing headlong into revolution and threatening the foundations of society, utterly intolerant of restraint, while the ' ' moss back conserva- tives'' may be clinging tenaciously to the past as if its traditions and methods pos- sessed some miraculous potency, accruing from mere antiquity. But while conserva- tism always possesses a steadying power to check the speed of ultra-radicalism, the obstinacy of the chronic "stand-patter" will never set back the wheels of time nor pro- mote real progress. The zeal of the rampant agitator may literally eat him up, but when the new movement, whatever it may chance to be, settles down to a normal, steady pace, its sanest promoters will be found to be aggressive rather than retrogressive or even static in 'their point of view.
I have not come here to discourse on fem- inism or on its most acute phase at the pres- ent moment, woman's suilrage. I have read and thought much about the lesser and the larger issues, but I do not pretend to know what feminism is all about or to foretell whither we are tending in this absorbing sex war that seems to be threatening the civilized world. At the same time I fail to see how anyone who has the educational interests of young women at heart can fail to perceive that a tremendous burden of responsibility rests upon the schools and par- ticularly upon the higher educational insti- tutions where women at an impressionable age, with the future immediately before them as home-makers, mothers, teachers, so- cial workers, club women, wage earners and probably in the near future voters, are to receive the training and inspiration for their life work. For the great majority of girls and boys, too, the high school represents the last and highest agency for such training; and the steady and rapid trend towards vocational training in these schools, by which the graduates may be better equipped to earn a livelihood and enabled to enter with
better technical qualifications into farming, manufacturing, trades, housekeeping, etc., is most significant of a quickened conscience on the part of lawmakers as well as educators.
But even the best high school training can- not do more than lay the foundations for expert skill in the more common occupations. For the liigher professions additional years of training are needed; hence the technical schools that have sprung up all over the world for the training of experts in the highly skilled professions, such as medicine, law, engineering, and, of course, teaching. Along with this almost passionate zest for practi- cal training that will yield immediate results in wage-earning capacity and creative ac- complishment, there has gone, as it seems to me, a somewhat extravagant and dispropor- tionate exaltation of the practical at the expense of liberalizing culture. .Scientiiic efficiency, maximum earning capacity, the di- rect and short cut to success in the business and in the professional world — these phrases have come to be fetishes, so to speak, and there is no doubt but that they have pro- foundly affected — I might even say unbal- anced— the average person 's judgment of educational values. Doubtless this atti- tude towards things is more noticeable in its bearings upon the educational standards for men than on those for women; but the pres- sure which has steadily been brought to bear upon the existing colleges for women to modify their courses of study along voca- tional lines, to retire the classics from active service, to disparage the humanities and exalt the sciences, particularly domestic sci- ence— all these tendencies indicate to a clianging viewpoint.
That the colleges for women, imperfect as they may still be, conservative as most of them still are about modification of the tra- ditional curriculum, are ministering to a defi_- nite educational need felt by the young wom- en of this country, is abundantly shown by the enormous and steady increasie in the enroll- ment of the colleges which admit women stu- dents. Why this flocking of girls already at the marriageable age in thousands to the col- leges? Why this willingness to postpone marriage or entrance into professional life or into society for four years? If the col- leges were attracting merely young women whose social chances were negligible or who are driven by economic necessity to become self-supporting, the case would be different. But an hour 's visit at any woman 's college in the country would convince the most super- ficial observer that besides these two classes there is a very considerable showing of girls who, a quarter of a century ago, would have been in "young ladies' 'seminaries' or fin- ishing schools ' '. What is the real signifi- cance of all this? Is it not in the main fhat society, consciousl,v or uuconsciousl,v, has changed its requirements for success, and tliat while a parlor ornament or an accom- plished debutante might conceivably be "fin- ished" or polished off at a boarding school,
the well rounded, well poised, efficient mem- ber of modern society must drink deeper and longer at the fountain of liberal culture?
The question is not primarily one of sex — unless we accept the dictum of the feminists that not until men and women have been thoroughly leveled will women attain to the development of free personality. Mr. W. L. George, the English apologist for feminism, maintains as the reason why women have not succeeded more generally in the arts is that they have not been allowed the necessary training or atmosphere and that :families have been reluctant to spend as much on their daughters ' preparation as on their sons' professional training. Mr. E. S. Mar- tin, in a somewhat whimsical critique of Mr. George 's position, in the January Atlantic Monthly, remarks that a large proportion of the fathers are feminists at heart when it comes 1;o their daughters. ' ' The father ", he says, ' ' is all for securing for his daughters, as far as he can, all that is worth having. Hardly can any sex-selfishness squeeze in i between him and his girls. He wants them to lose no good thing that may lawfully be coming to them."
It was long ago proved that women can take on at least as much culture as men, pursue research with at least as much pa- tience and thoroughness as men and handle the material they have dug out as effectively, as brilliantly or as ponderously as their learn- ed brothers. In the pioneer days of college education for women neither a milk diet nor homeopathic doses of strong meat were found necessary, and those who held their breath lest the physical strength of these young female scholastics should fail, came to realize that they must have been measuring their endurance in accordance with early Victorian standards.
The first head of the hydra. Prejudice, having been disposed of. the educators be- came preoccupied with the redetermination of the sphere of women and then with the worry as to whether the colleges were fitting women for this predestined sphere — a matter which at no time, so far as I know, ever troubled the heads, hearts or consciences of the manufacturers of curricula in the col- leges for men.
True, much has been said of late about the inadequacy of the college pabidum as nour- ishment of captains of industry, ward bosses and stock brokers, but never was the question raised as to man's peculiar requirements as an efficient husband and father, economic provider or protector of the altar and the hearth. Never, I say. has the sphere of men as males received the dispassionate and se- rious consideration whicli, by analogy, it deserves.
For generations all men and most women have been reiterating that the sphere of woman is the home and that their chief, some even have implied, their exclusive function was the rearing of children — this to include, it was somewhat grudgingly allowed, train-
ALUMNAE NEWS
iiig ill moials, manners and the alphabet.
I think that the suffragists have saved me the time and trouble of straightening out that important matter. It all seems quite simple now. Nobody need waste breath in proving that the sexes have about equal responsibilities towards the race, the sanctity of the family, the purity of the home, the perfection of the environment, the protection ur the narrow limits of the individual house- hold and the ever expanding civic home area from all forms of impurity and corruption. Whether political equality is won for women tomorrow or next day, equality of interest and responsibility for the safety, happiness and proper education in citizenship of every- body 's children is today pretty clearly recog- nized. And this interest is so intense and this responsibility so heavy, that if ever we finish discussing whether women have a right to do this or that and whether, granted the right, they would appreciate the newly won privileges, we shall find onr time, whether we are men or women, fairly well occupied with co-operation in the serious business of living. I mean that this will be true of in- telligent, conscientious, thoroughly socialized men and women. What these same men and women do to earn their bread and butter either within or without the four walls of the house; and whether their occupations are viewed as professions or as revolutions with- in a sphere; and whether the woman in the home receives a salary as housekeeper or is satisfied with the simple scriptural reward that her husband shall praise her in the gates and her children rise up and call her blessed; and, again, whether the college course must be adjusted to prepare deliberately and specifically for the so-called "walk in life" — these considerations are quite beside the point, as it seems to me, when it comes to working out the requirements for the bach- elor 's degree.
I cannot bring myself to believe that the college course leading to the A. B. degree has for its immediate object the training of the student of either sex for any mere pro- fessional calling.
And now, having cleared the way somewhat for the main issue by elimination, shall we consider what is the true function of the col- lege as distinguished from the preparatory school or the professional school.
The A. B. degree is necessarily a conven- tion— it always has been; and its chief value now as in the middle ages is to serve as a symbol of scholastic accomplishment along certain fixed lines and in accordance with a predetermined standard. In the American colonies, where the newly founded colleges followed English precedents for the most part, there was no immediate thought of pro- viding university opportimities either for an aristocracy of learning or for the average man ; but in nearly every case the purpose of the founders was the proper training of Christian ministers. It may be said then that the curriculum of early American col- leges was to this extent vocational, but with the later differentiation into schools of the- ology, law, medicine, etc., the bachelor's de- gree came to represent non-professional training; and since technical schools were a late innovation the non-scientific studies com- prising chiefly the classics, mathematics, phi- losophy (mental and moral), history, modern
languages, elementary sciences, under the designation of natural philosophy, slowly fil- tered into the curriculum and in the last tivo decades of the nineteenth century the social sciences and psychology made a somewhat apologetic appearance. Last upon the scene come the vocational subjects clamoring for recognition among the groups leading to the A. B. degree. Such has been the drift towards the so-called practical subjects that by implication the older studies, the classics, mathematics and philosophy, tend to be classed as utterly unrelated to life, and the word ' ' cultural ' ' begins to sound not only old-fashioned, but synonymous with useless. But is this clamor for modification of the curriculum in favor of vocational subjects logical or defensible?
Let me say at the outset, that I am very far from being averse to vocational training in its proper place; but because I believe so fervently that the life is more than bread and the body than raiment, I also hold that those, whether men or women, who are to live on a high plane and furnish ideals, in- centives and guidance to their own children, to their fellow-citizens and to future gen- erations, need trained minds and trained hearts more than they need trained hands.
Herbert Spencer long ago put the case when he said: "To prepare for complete living is the function which education has to discharge. ' ' And he proceeded to classify the activities which constitute human life thus: "(1) Those which directly minister to self-preservation; (2) those which by se- curing the necessities of life indirectly min- ister to self-preservation; (3) the rearing and discipline of offspring; (4) the mainte- nance of proper social and political relations; (.5) miscellaneous activities which make up the leisure part of life. ' '
For the first two activities, training may conceivably be acquired with considerably less schooling than the colleges afford. Not so many years ago it might have been main- tained that the rearing and disciplining of offspring could be very satisfactorily per- formed without the aid of the colleges. To- day these functions of paramount importance are coming to demand the highest possible educational preparation, if they are to be properly fulfilled. The last two activities, including as they do the broadest functions of the socialized individual and of the indi- vidual as master of his own leisure, are ob- viously dependent for fullest realization upon the training of our institutions for higher education.
Therefore. I must maintain that the func- tion of the college, symbolized by its bach- elor's degree, in distinction from the lower schools on the one hand and the professinal or technical schools on the other, is that of ministering to the realization of life's func- tions in the highest, broadest, deepest sense.
The large majority of boys and girls leave school before they reach even the high school grades. It is wise then that in this brief period of preparation they be taught as nuich as possible which will fit them to use hands and heads efficiently in those occupa- tions into which they must enter immediately. The grammar and high schools are the places where manual training, cooking, dressmaking, stenography and typewriting belong unless young breadwinners can take advantage of
the special or normal schools where such vo- cational subjects are taught more thoroughly and in a more advanced manner than is pos- sible in the high schools.
If college graduates feel the lack of special training in domestic science or business methods or pedagogy, let them go to the technical schools where these subjects are taught, just as the prospective doctor or lawyer or engineer goes on from the prelim- inary and fundamental courses of the college to the university. Let us keep the functions of the college single and simple and let us not lose sight of the fact that its business is not primarily to turn out bankers or store- keepers or housewives or milliners, but effi- cient men and women. Nevertheless it does at the same time aim to lay foundations for professional stud}- and to furnish the mental •grip which shall enable the graduate to grapple successfully with the technicalities of any vocation which it may be his destiny to pursue.
Turning now from the tlieoretical or, per- haps one should say, idealistic considerations of human efficiency, let us come down to the actual conditions out of which our present academic problem arises. A very practical way of testing the efficiency of the curricu- lum in colleges which confer the A. B. degree is to inquire first what recent graduates are actually doing with their trained minds, and, second, with what success tliey are responding to the demands of these vocations.
The ooccupations followed by men are too numerous and too varied to need recapitula- tion. Since I am particularly concerned with the colleges for women, I shall invite your attention to a few statistics as to occu- pations of graduates of two colleges, Bryn Mawr and Goucher. I have selected these institutions because both have persistently and consistently protested against the en- croachment of purely vocational subjects in the curriculum, because the number of grad- uates of the two institutions is very nearly equal, and because I happen to have the sta- tistics of both at hand for nearly the same period of time. The statistics for Bryn Mawr were compiled in 1913, those, for Gou- cher in 1912, the total number of graduates with the A. B. degree being, respectively, 1219 and 1195. Classified by occupations, the graduates fall into three main groups: home-makers, teachers and unmarried women engaged in other remunerative occupations.
Of the Bryn Mawr graduates about thirty- three per cent, are married, and about twenty-nine per cent, are engaged in re- munerative occupations, about twenty-two per cent, of these being teachers and sevent per cent, being classified as physicians, law- yers, philanthropists and social workers, sec- retaries, journalists, librarians, artists, busi- ness managers, missionaries, etc. Of the Goucher graduates thirty-five per cent, are married, twenty-two per cent, are teachers and about ten per cent, are paid workers in the above mentioned occupations. The re- maining unmarried graduates of both col- leges were not uniformly classified but prob- ably include students, home-makers, unpaid social workers and club workers.*
t Now about 10 per cent.
* The distinction between paid and unpaid work is not ver.v clearly made.
ALUMNAE NEWS
These figures point to three distinct fac- tors which must be clearly recognized by all who are concerned with higher education to- day: (1) the steady march of women, for better or for worse, towards economic inde- pendence; (2) the marked development of social responsibility; (3) the new conceptions of citizenship. These are tendencies not to be ignored by closing the eyes; and the col- leges must consider whether the present cur- riculum is the best possible for the training of parents, teachers, thinkers and organizers or whether it needs modification or radical changes in favor of technical or vocational subjects.
Unfortunatel.y, statistics as to the success of women graduates are not yet available; it is perhaps a little early to look for con- vincing figures, but various tests have been applied to the graduates of colleges for men covering a long period of time and thousands of eases. President Foster of Reed College has made an illuminating comparative study of the requirements for the A. B. degree in more than one hundred American colleges and universities and of the success in life of graduates of certain typical institutions.* He groups his statistics under these heads: state universities, privately controlled univer- sities, privately controlled colleges for men and colleges for women. The greatest possi- ble irregularity in curricula prevails except in the colleges for women, where there is an equally striking uniformity. Most institu- tions in all these classes require about sixty year hours for the bachelor's degree. The amount of fixed requirements varies from two to seventy-two hours, but the average in institutions of good standing is approximate- ly twenty-five hours; and since in the ''group system ' ' the number of hours rather than the sub.i'ect is fixed for "majors" and "min- ors", the proportion of required to elective courses may be estimated roughly as about one to three. As to favorite subjects for fixed requirements, English, mathematics, modern languages and sciences prevail in all classes of institutions and history is rarely omitted. Psychology, logic, philosophy, eth- ics and the Bible find comparatively little recognition as required studies in the state universities, fare somewhat better in the col- leges for men and are required to some extent in all the colleges for women. Greek is required in only five out of forty-three uni- versities, eight out of fifty colleges for men and no colleges for women. Latin is re- quired in thirteen universities, in fifteen col- leges for men and in three for women. Five universities and eight colleges require both. As compared with earlier custom, the ten- dency has been of course to oust the classics; reduce mathematics and increase_ the require- ments in modern languages and science. Let us see whether this procedure seems justified by the outcome. Several attempts have been made to test the efficiency of the colleges by counting the number of men in ' ' Who 's Who in America ' ' who are college graduates and investigating their course of study while in college ; but such a standard of success is not entirely satisfactory, since as President Fos- ter points out, "prominence overshadows in- conspicuous worth and certain callings are still unduly weighted. ' '
♦William T. Foster: <'ollege Curriculum."
'Administration of the
A study of the class of 1894, Harvard Col- lege, was made in UUtl, the judges who su- pervised the selection of successful men being the dean of the college, the secretary of the Alumni Association, a professor of Teachers' College, Columbia, and a member of the class. Graduates whose success apjieared to have been unduly aided by hereditary wealth or social position were excluded from the count. The records of the twenty-three men selected were compared with the records of twenty- three men selected at random from the same class. The result of this comparison showed that the better scholars had been the most successful in life; that these had spe- cialized in a significantly greater degree than other students and that nearly fifty per cent, of them took more work in classics than was the case in the random group. Also, the random or less successful group took twenty- five per cent, more science than the success- ful group. These findings agree with Presi- dent Lowell's statistics of twenty classes.
A similar calculation made for Bowdoin College shows that fifty successful men be- tween 1890-1900 specialized in classics to a greater extent than fifty chosen at random.
In view of the present attitude towards Greek and Latin, these statistics are striking and significant. Of late an occasional sug- gestion of warning is noticeable in the aca- demic press that the sciences and the techni- cal 'branches divorced from the classics are not showing the results claimed by their champions.
President Thomas of Bryn Mawr in an address delivered in 1908, made the state- ment that ' ' so far women tend to elect the great disciplinary studies which men neglect because they are intrinsically more difficult and seem at first sight less practical". Per- sonal observation leads me to think that the young women who occasionally demur from required work in mathematics, mathematical sciences and Latin are almost invariably lacking in mental control, self-discipline, power to analyze or to think logically, just as those who evade physical training are apt to be lazy or awkward or undeveloped per- sons who most need steady, synthetic co-ordi- nation of brain and muscle.
The author of that stimulating little book, ' ' The College Student and His Problems ' ', giving advice upon the choice of a college, says to the prospective student : ' ' You wish to come into some efficient knowledge of yourself, to secure a reasonable mastery of your powers, to change the rather flimsy and nebulous and gelatinous mass called your brain into something with clearness of out- line and firmness of grasp, to substitute a steady and powerful mental stride for a rather shambling mental gait, to put grip and grit in place of mental flabbiness and to lay well either the general or the special foundations for the activities of later life."
In response to such needs of the young stu- dent there has been recently a noticeable trend away from excessive freedom of elec- tion and purposeless scattering on the one hand and extreme specialization on the other. The standard colleges today require that a reasonable proportion of the student 's time, chiefly in the first two years, be spent on basic courses, history, mathematics, English, laboratory science, and a sufficient amount of modern languages to afford a reading knowl-
edge and drill in principles of grammar. The ' ' group system ' ', giving a choice of one or two main subjects along lines of individ- ual taste or aptitude and requiring a con- tinuous advance in these subjects for the last two years, find more and more favor as a compromise between lack of I'oncentratioii and over-specialization. A third tendency seems to be an effort to secure balance by selection of one or more related subjects (minors), as for example, mathematics and sciences or history and sociology; or subjects contrasted in content or disciplinary value. Usually this takes the form of balancing hu- manistic with scientific subjects.
It must be kept in mind that sixty hours, i. e., an average of fifteen hours a week, even including outside preparation for class exercLses, is a very limited time; and it be- hooves the student and the instructor to make each hour count to the utmost. This seems to me to be an argument against al- lowing mere mechanical dexterity, such as typewriting or piano practice or egg beating, to displace solid mental discipline. If by domestic science is meant cooking and serv- ing meals and dressmaking, these have no place in the college curriculum. Time and labor saving devices multiply and a trained mind can manipulate a vacuum cleanep or teach a servant to keep the kitchen sink clean or even work out a well-balanced dietary for the family without having had a domestic science course in college. But if domestic science means biology, hygiene, chemistry, bacteriology, psychology, economics and so- ciology, law as related to domestic relations, property and banking, then I am for do- mestic science. A Wellesley graduate, de- scribing her domestic experiences in the ' ' Woman 's Home Companion ' ', compares her enjoyment of social intercourse with the discontent of a less cultured neighbor who complained of having to sit ' ' like a bump on a log ' ' while men talk of big things. She adds, ' ' I may love to cook, but thank good- ness I am not 'kitchen minded'. My range of interests makes me an all-round companion to my husband and I think that is intensely worth while. ' '
After all, the value of the A. B. degree is not merely a matter of sixty hours, however well chosen. Two other factors must have due consideration before the bachelor's di- ploma becomes a true symbol of successful training and achievement; and this is my last point. Have we not concentrated at- tention too much upon the curriculum re- quirements and left out the human element of success or failure, viz., the receptivity of the student and the conscious purposefulness of his study and the vitalizing and human- izing power of teachers who are scholars but not book worms and who are above every- thing else men and women in close touch with humanity, able to effect the socializa- tion of their students by correlating their subjects with the practical issues of life. What we need in order to make the bache- lor's degree mean something available for practical life is the humanizing of the sci- ences and the scientific presentation of the humanities. It is as ditlicult to lay do\vn hard and fast rules for the highest mental training as it would be in the case of spirit-
[ Continued on page 7 ]
ALUMNAE NEWS
ALUMNAE NEWS
Published quarterly by the Alumnae Association of
the State Normal and Industrial College
at Greensboro, N. C.
MRS. David Stern, Editor
Miss I.AURA Hill Coit, Busintss Manager
Subscription price, 26 cents a year
All business communications should be addressed to Miss Laura Hill Coit, Business Manager, State Normal and Industrial College, Greensboro, N. C.
Admitted as second-class matter at the postoffice in Greensboro, N. C, June 29th, 1S12
GREENSBORO, N. C, OCTOBER, 1914
Alumnae ABSociation (inc.) President— Mrs. David Stern. Vice-President — Miss Frances Woniblc. Secretary-Treasurer— Miss L,aura H. Coit. Board of Trustees— Miss Julia Dameron. Miss
Maude Bunn, Miss Florence Pannill, Mrs. R.
Murphy Williams, Miss Leila White, Miss
Nettie M. Allen, Miss Daisy Waitt, Miss Verta
Idol, Mrs. J. R. Young.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
According to tbe -nishes expressed by the alumnae at the 1914 commencement meeting, there will be a Normal Alumnae Banquet at Charlotte during the Teachers' Assembly. It is very necessary that the committee arrang- ing for the banquet know in advance the number for whom to prepare. Blanche Aus- tin, 710 West Seventh Street, Charlotte, will receive the names of those expecting to at- tend. Please send $1.00 to her, with a note stating your intention to be present. It is the purpose of the committee to make the banquet as attractive as possible. The place will be the old Presbyterian College din- ing room. Toasts will be given.
The alumnae have often voiced the feeling that a gathering for them during the Assem- bly would mean much to them. The oppor- tunity for such a gathering is now offered. The committee hopes that they will respond promptly by remittances to Blanche Austin.
MEMORIAL SERVICES FOR MISS KIRKLAND
Tribute From President J. 1. Foust and
Address by Dr. Melton Clark on
Founder's Day
Gteensboro Daily News
Services in memory of Miss Sue May Kirk- land, late lady principal of the State Nor- mal and Industrial College, were held Octo- ber 4th, in the College auditorium.
The service was attended principally by students, alumnae and faculty. A simple musical program of old songs was rendered, beautiful among which was the singing by a quartet of Tennyson 's ' ' Crossing the Bar". President Foust presided and spoke as follows:
' ' Since we met here one year ago to cele- lirate the founding of this college, one who held an important position at its opening and who, for 22 years, exerted an influence that it
is difficult to estimate, has passed from us to the great beyond.
"It is almost quite beyond us to fully appreciate and understand the struggle and hopes long deferred of President Mclver, Miss Karkland, and the others associated with them when they were laying' the broad and deep foundations for a great college where the young women of this state might be given an opportunity to catch that larger vision of work and of service. The atmos- phere of this place from the time the doors were first opened for the reception of stu- dents to the present day has been surcharged with a broad and liberal state pride, with the spirit of self-sacrifice, with a devotion to duty and with an intelligent loyalty that is worthy of all praise. These conditions have not come of themselves but they are ours today because the founders of this in- stitution planted them here. For that rea- son I always approach this anniversary oc- casion with a sort of deep reverence and feel that you and I should reconsecrate ourselves for the purpose of -making real the vision which inspired and guided these first work- ers. It is in this spirit and for this purpose that we have assembled this afternoon. If we can catch something of the fine spirit of fidelity, of loyalty and of unfaltering faith which characterized our departed fellow- worker and friend it will not be in vain that we have come together.
"I never came in contact with Miss Kirk- land without being impressed ly her devoted loyalty to this college and all of its interests. It is no exaggeration to say that Miss Kirk- land loved the Normal College. In a democ- racy like ours there is no power which forces any individual into a particular vocation. And yet, after the choice has been made, un- compromising loyalty is demanded. Her loy- alty is not that weak kind which accepts con- ditions without question and without reason. She had firm and steady convictions with ref- erence to what was best and wisest under given circumstances. When a decision had, however, been reached and a given policy adopted with reference to the management of the college, she never wavered in her deter- mination to carry out the policy agreed npon and adopted. She accepted it whole-heart- edly.
"Many are the times which I have heard her remark : ' I know we have the best body of students in the world. They may at times be thoughtless, they often do things that they should not do, but at heart they are true and sincere.' This same attitude extended to the humblest servant on the place. She had lived and labored in these buildings and on this campus until everybody and everything was not only interesting to her, but drew out her deep and abiding sympathy.
"Not less prominent was her definite and wholesome optimism. In this world of dis- appointment and misunderstanding there are those delightful spirits who make us all more hopeful by their presence. T never conferred with Miss Kirkland about the affairs at this college without being helped. No matter how gloomv the dav, she could always see and point nut to you a ray of sunshine. This would have been impossible if she had not interpreted the acts of the people with whom she came in contact charitablv and with broad toleration. If the conduct of anv stu-
dent were capable of two interpretations she invariably gave that student the benefit of any doubt that might arise in her mind. Had she adopted the opposite plan it would have been impossible for her to have lived and labored among and with the students with increasing happiness from year to year. ' '
Still another characteristic referred to was Miss Kirkland 's sympathy for young women — a sympathy which, while not parading it- self, always was true and quick to under- stand. He closed with a tribute to a life that had left such a rich inheritance for the institution as has her own.
Dr. Melton Clark, Miss Kirkland 's pastor, paid a brief tribute to Miss Kirkland and expressed, too, the first spirit of helpfulness that had touched him from her. For his talk he chose to call before the minds of the students their dependence upon the past, their duty thereby and the richness of their inheritance from such lives as the one of Miss Kirkland.
There is no such quantity as the self-made man or self-made woman, said Dr. Clark. All people, no matter what their accomplish- ments may have been, have been dependent on the lives and deeds of people who lived before them. Upon the sacrifices of fathers and mothers the youth of today in the schools are given their opportunities; upon the suf- fering pain of their forebears they have been brought to the high place they occupy.
Every mother has expected, too, that her child fulfill the ideal of her heart, and every mother, when she held her babe in her arms, had a definite high ideal for that babe to fit into. To secure that she labors and suffers and endures pain and anxiety and care.
In quite a beautiful way he pictured the future to them, when they should be called upon to a high service, when, as the prince awoke the princess in the legend story, they should be awakened and move into a sphere of wider activities and responsibilities.
This was the first of the Pounder's Day exercises. October .5th at 11 o'clock an ad- dress was made by President E. K. G-raham, of the University. In the evening at 8:30 Judge Walter Clark sooke at the dedication of the Woman's Building. The day was ob- served as a holidav.
Alumnae Notes
Anna Meade Michaux, '92- '94, has re- signed as supervising teacher in the Train- ing School. She is to be married this fall to Eev. .1. S. Williams, of Asheville.
Mrs. G. W. Alston, nee Laura .Tune King, '92- '93, has a daughter, Marion, in the Col- lege this year. Marion graduated at the East Carolina Teachers' Training School last spring. She is a most welcome addition to our body of students. Mrs. Alston visited the College in September. We hope to see her here often.
Zella McCulloch Cheek, '93, called at the College recently in company with her brother, a teacher in Austin College, Texas.
Bertha M. Lee, '93, is spending the year at her home in Mocksville.
Mrs. Stella Middleton Cowan, '96, spent the summer with her sister, Mrs. Sudie Mid- dleton Thorpe, '98, at her attractive sum- mer home at Montreal, N. C.
ALU M N A E NEWS
Mary An-ington, '95, lias been at the Training School this fall as supervising teacher in one of the primary grades.
Mary Page, '94- '9.), is prinicpal of one of the Ealeigh schools in which the following are teachers: "Willie White, '08; Leona Love, '05- '06; Margaret Ciirrie, '03- '06; Annie Ft-nner, '04- '06; and Irma Carraway, '97.
Sallie J. Davis, '96, spent some days in Greensboro w-ith her mother at the old home this summer. Miss Davis has completed a home of her own in Greenville, where she can have her mother with her much of the time. Dr. D. L. Bryant, for so many years a beloved member of our faculty, visited Mrs. Davis for a week this summer. Dr. Bryant took much interest in going over the entire College and grounds, and expressed much satisfaction in noting evidences of our growth. She is teaching Physical Geography in the Chicago City Schools. We were so pleased to have her with us and to find her so entirely unchanged, save that she seems younger and more enthusiastic than ever.
We learn with great regret of the death of Mr. E. M. Davis, of Tarboro, husband of Emma Harris, '96.
Mrs. Walter Goodman, nee Lucy V. Brown, '96- '98, visited her sister at the College in September.
Mrs. B. B. Boyd, nee Ina Hobbs, '95- '98, has moved to Mooresville since the death of her husband. She and her children are liv- ing near Mrs. Paschal Boyd, nee Lizzie Dial, '95- '96.
Sallie Mclntire, "96- '97, now Mrs. .Justice, of Teaeheys, is postmistress at her home town.
Bessie Harding, '98, is living in Washing- ton, N. C.
Alice E. D. Brown, '99- '00, and Fannie Brown are teaching in Winston.
The following card was recently received from Lucille Pugh, '99- '02: "Lucille Pugh announces the removal of her offices to Sixty-eight William Street, where she will continue the general practice of the law. Xew York. August ]5, 1914."
Alice G. Daniel, '00, spent part of her sum- mer at Montreat.
Lelia .T. Tuttle, '00, of Shanghai, China, is spending a year's furlough in this country.
Birdie McKinney, '01, taught Latin in our Summer Session.
Anne Wilson, '01 -'02, is bookkeeper and stenographer for Lowenbein, Eutenberg Co., of Asheville.
Bettie Tripp, '02, is spending the winter with her mother who is in poor health. Miss Tripp has a niece, Leta. Tripp, among the new students at the College this fall.
The most recent addition to the list of Normal Alumnae serving as Eural Supervis- ors is that of Havens Carroll, '03- '05. She is to work in Edgecombe County, with Tar- boro as headquarters. We are sure that Miss Carroll wiirmake a success of this work.
Ella Graham, '03- '04, is at home on fur- lough. Her home is in Kwanju, Korea, where she does evangelistic work among the women. She spoke several times at the Mon- treat Conference this summer. We hope to have her make an address to the Normal stu- dents this fall.
Mrs. Warren H. Stuart, nee Annie Ches- nutt, '00- '04, of Hangchow, China, is at
home on furlough. She and her husband made addresses at Montreat tl)is summer. They are now in New York studying at Co- lumbia and at Dr. White's Bible School.
Elizabeth Smith, '04- '05, has joined the Red Cross nurses. She was nursing in Erie, Pa., this summer.
Pearl Barnard Younce, '03- '05, sends the following from Oregon:
"I will send you a few facts concerning eastern Oregon. I also enclose cheek for one dollar for my subscription to the Alumnae News for one or two years, whatever the price is. If the items I send are interesting enough I would like for them to be pub- lished in the Alumnae News. Although I am more than three thousand miles away, I still feel a great interest in my Alma Mater. Eastern Oregon is a great grain and fruit producing country. The large combine har- vesters are used on most all of the large grain ranches. The Corn Cob Ranch, where I live, contains over ten thousand acres of land. There are more than seven hundred head of hogs on this ranch. The Duroc, .Tersey and Berkshire hogs seem to be the most profitable kind raised in this section of Oregon. Cat- tle are very profitably raised. Beef cattle average eighty and ninety dollars per head. Cattle and sheep are raised almost entirely on bunch grass. Corn is just beginning to be cultivated. Stock is fed on barley, wheat and alfalfa. You do not find many real poor people. All have comfortable homes and other things in proportion. We have six months' public school in all the school districts, and in the towns eight and nine months. All teachers draw at least fifty dollars per month, and a great many get sixty and seventy dollars per month. All certificates are first grade state certificates, good for one, three and five years. Teachers' institutes are held every year for two or three weeks. Examinations for certificates are held in June, October and February. ' '
The Presbyterian Mission on the Congo has a new recruit in the person of Frances Dixon Crane, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Crane. Mrs. Crane was Louise Dixon, '05. She writes that the baby was baptized along with several little negro babies, and that she behaved better than any of the group.
Isabelle C. "Whitted, '04- '05, spent the summer at Montreat with her aunt, Mrs. Ear.
Oeland Washburn, '04- '06, resigned her place as stenographer at the College to ac- cept work at a bank in Shelby.
Mrs. Watt Richardson, nee Mary Benbow, '06, was our near neighbor for a while this fall, as she spent some time at the home of her aunt, Mrs. Crawford, who lives opposite the campus. Eobert Benbow, now quite a boyish baby, took his daily naps under the trees of the campus on the special invitation of Dr. Foust.
May Ransom Williams, '05. was married on October 7th to Mr. Hernm L. Hicks.
Mary Coffey, '05. was with us as a student during the Summer Session.
.Tosie Dameron. '05, has a private class in voice in Eocky Mount. She is serving also as director of the church choir.
Tola "Wliite, '07, now Mrs. L. K. Thomp- son, of Greensboro, has an attractive homo on Tate Street. She enjoys a well-kept gar- den, in which she spends part of her time.
We received good news from our workers in the Masonic Orphanage this summer. This was sent to President Foust :
"Again the Normal (College girls who have work at tlie Oxford (Jrplianage for the sum- mer wisli to let you hear from them. We are nine strong: Misses Minnie Kimball, '01- '03; Bessie Ives, '08; Bessie Watson, '12- '13; Meta Liles, '06; Elizabeth Tripp, '02; Mabel Gracber, '04; Florence .Mitchell, '13; Koliorta Carter, '09-']2; and Carrie Grae- ber, '06. Our college spirit is alive and active. We had a meeting of our club the otlier day and decided to aid, in some small way, the girls who go from here to the Normal College this fall. We want them to know that our hearts are with them and that they are going to the best ]ilace in North (Jarolina. ' '
Mabel Howell, '07, is now a stenographer in the office of the Agricultural Department in Ealeigh.
Ruby Gray, '07- '10, is teaching in Salis- bury again this year.
Blanche Austin, '07, is helping Miss Mary O. Graham make plans for the reunion of the Normal alumnae at the meeting of the Teachers' Assembly in Charlotte at Thanks- giving.
Belle Hampton, '07, is now living in Hen- dersonville, N. C, as her family have moved to that tow'n from Greensboro.
Mary Robinson, '07, has completed her work for the B. S. degree at the College.
Florence Landis, '09, is teaching in Greensboro. For the past three years she taught at Valle Crucis.
Claude Umstead, '09, is teaching in Salis- bury.
Sibyl Gates, '09-'!], has entered St. .Tohn 's Hospital. Brooklyn, N. Y., to take training as a nurse.
Emily May Redditt, '09- '10, will be mar- ried to Mr. Wilbur H. Ross on October 28th.
Allen Hart, 'OS-']], made a visit to the College just before the opening of the fall session. She is teaching in Weldon.
Mary Bruner. "09-']]. is teaching in Sum- merfield.
Mary Wood McKenzie, 'OS-']], continues her work in Salisbury.
Mary McCulloch, '10, is studying art again this winter.
Margaret Kerr Scott, '10-']]. sends the following:
"It seems that I'll never get time to write the article you wanted. .\s it is, I am going to write you a letter telling you of my work and letting you use that part of it which you wish.
"First. I'll give you some general facts concerning the work. It was started by Dr. Seaman A. Knapp, of Washington. D. C. as a result of several years of planning. He had thought that the country girl had never had a fair showing — there were organiza- tions for the country men. women, and boys. Imt nothing for the girls. His planning re- sulted in the forming of Girls' Tomato Clulis. The rules governing the work in North Caro- lina are as follows:
"1. Girls enrolling may be from 10 to ].^ vears of age.
"2. A few older girls may be enrolled in each club, but ninv not compete for prizes. These women shall be subject to the ^anie rule*: and regulations governing the
ALUMNAE NEWS
gills' work. Club labels will be allowed them only on condition that work comes up to the standard.
"S. Each girl must plant 1-10 acre of tomatoes, snap beans, cucumbers, or some other garden vegetable which she is to market Iresh, use at home, or can.
' ' 4. Girls may hire their land broken, but are expected to do the cultivation, pruning and canning, charging up their accounts at ten cents an hour for all work done by them- selves or others. Mothers' co-operation is asked on days when the canning is too heavy for one person.
' ' 5. Each member must keep a daily record of her work on special blanks which will be furnished — how long she worked, how much fertilizer she used, how she combated disease, etc.
•'G. Each member must read instructions sent her and try to follow them closely.
' • 7. All money cleared on her tenth acre is to be banked in the girl's name that she may spend it as she will. We can learn to spend wisely only by having money to spend. Fathers are asked to agree to this before girls shall be enrolled.
"Guilford was the first of the North Caro- lina counties to have the work. The next year, under the direction of Mr. I. O. Schaub, who had charge of the Boys' Corn Clubs, with Mrs. Charles McKimmon, as assistant, thir- teen counties were organized. Alamance, my home county,, was one of these thirteen. She was the banner county this first year. There were so many calls tor the work from other counties that Mrs. McKinmion was given full charge for the next year. The work has grown so rapidly that she had to have a field assistant. Because my home training and that which 1 got at the State Normal, coupled with my two years' experience as leader of the Tomato Clubs in Alamance, had fitted me for such work, I was offered the position. ' ' Since I became field assistant to Mrs. McKimmon last November, I have visited twenty-four of our thirty counties. In these counties 1 have performed different duties. ]u the first I came to secure funds from the county commissioners and the County Board of Education for the work; in some I have secured women to take charge of the work in their counties; in others I have gone to the different schools to talk to the girls and or- ganize clubs; and in still others the visits have been to inspect the work already done and to give instructions.
"As 1 have said before, we have thirty counties enrolled this year with about fifteen hundred girls enrolled. Some of the counties that have been in tlie work several years have several collaborators. Miss Mary Owen Gra- ham has charge of the work in Mecklenburg, Miss Edna Reinhardt, State Normal, '03, in Alamance, etc.
"We have just held a canning school in Ealeigh, at which all the collaborators (sev- enty-nine) were taught the best methods of canning and preserving fruits and vegetables, of cultivating tomatoes, etc. We had experts in each line to talk and demonstrate their sub.iects.
"During canning season I, with two field agents who work during July and August, go to each of these thirty counties and start the girls to work. Tlie canning season has
already opened in the eastern counties. We hope to have sixty counties enrolled next year. Nearly every one of our counties has asked for the work, but the funds are lim- ited."
Moffit Sinclair, '10- '12, substituted during August for the regular College stenographer. She is teaching shorthand in the City Schools of Fayetteville.
Zella Bradford, '11- '12, and her sisters spent the summer at the Boyd Cottage at Montreal.
Grace Eaton, '12, and Dora Coats, '12, attended our Summer Session.
Elizabeth Camp, '10- '12, has entered the training course tor nurses at the Grady Hos- pital, Atlanta, Ga.
Lola Taylor, '10- '12, writes from Wichita, Kansas :
' ■ 1 am still with my work and enjoy it as much as i did at first. I have served my term in the diet kitchen and I am now on night duty.
■ ' 1 had a letter from Alverda Caudill and she is keeping house for her aunt who is ill. Alverda wrote me once that she was thinking of attending the summer school at the Nor- mal.
' ' There is quite an excitement here in Kansas this year over harvesting. It is the first real good crop the farmers have had for a few years, and everybody is interested. The town is full of harvest hands, but the farmers are coming in for them. I do not get my vacation until harvest is over. I get my vacation in August, from the tenth to the twenty -fourth, and think I shall spend most of the two weeks with a friend in Oklahoma. All of us girls get our vacation when we ask for it. Our new hospital will soon be fin- ished and then we will have fifty girls. We only have twenty-eight girls now."
Mary K. Brown, '12; Jane Summerell, '10; Willie White, '08; Hattie Burch, '12; Winnie McWhorter, '10, attended the Summer Ses- sion at Columbia University.
Alfreda Pittard, '10- '12, is teaching at St. Pauls again this winter.
Janie Lee Hart, '11- '13, taught at Manteo the past year.
Mary Louise Brown, '10, assisted in the institute work in Roxboro this summer.
Clara Lambe Craven, '10, is at home at ■103 N. Road St., Elizabeth City, N. C.
Fannie Higgins, '10- '13, is teaching in a two-teacher school near Weaverville.
Leah Boddie, '12, is resting this winter from her teaching. She is at home in Dur- ham.
We are sorry to learn that Annie M. Cher- ry, '12, had typhoid fever this summer.
Nettie Fleming, '12, is teaching in Wil- mington.
Mary K. Van Poole, '12, is spending the winter in Salisbury at her home.
Alice T. Morrison, '12, was married on June 24th to Rev. Edmund Lucien Malone, of Gadsden, Alabama. Mr, Malone is rec- tor of the Episcopal Church in Gadsden.
Fay Davenport, '12, after graduating from the Physical Education Department at Wel- lesley, has accepted work in Wisconsin.
Lucy Hamilton, '12. is now Mrs. G. C. Little, of Newton.
Jamie Bryan, '12, is teaching in High Point.
Kate Styron, '12, had planned to spend the winter at Teachers' College studying for her degree. We regret to learn that her father suffered a stroke of paralysis recently. This illness made it necessary for Miss Sty- ron to resume her teaching this winter, and to postpone her work at Columbia to a later date.
Hattie Burch, '12, is now a regular stu- dent at Columbia University. She is thor- oughly enjoying her work.
Lucille Elliott, Mary K. Brown and Mar- garet Johnson, all of 1912, are teaching in the Salisbury schools and are boarding at the home of Johnsie Coif, '97- '99.
Rose and Lily Batterham, '11, have a sis- ter, Margaret, in College this fall.
Nellie Maxwell, '11-'12, taught in Cum- berland County last year.
We regreat to learn of the continued ill health of Phoebe Higgins, '09-'12.
Margaret Stevenson, '12- '13, taught in lotla State High School in Macon County, last year.
Cassie Goodson, '11- '12, is now Mrs. Nicholas Pace, of Kittrell.
Janey Mitchell, '11-'13, taught in Wood- ard, N. C, last year.
Corinna Mial, '13, taught French in our Summer Session.
Nell Johnston, '13, is teaching in Salis- bury.
Mazie McLean, '12- '13, is teaching at Eagle Springs this year.
Louise Gill, '12, attended Trinity com- mencement to witness her brother 's gradua- tion this spring.
Sadie Graver, 'll-']2, is now Mrs. B. F. Sink, of Mt. Jackson, Va.
Carrie Toomer, '13, is dietitian at the .James Walker Hemorial Hospital in Wil- mington.
Annie Scott, '14, has entered the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia as a student. Annie Bostian, '14, is teaching the second grade in Salisbury. She writes that a very successful county institute was held in Salisbury in August. Supt. A. T. Allen and Miss Bernice Turner, '03- 'OS, were the con- ductors.
Laura Anderson, '12- '14, was married this summer to Mr. Farthing, of Durham.
Gertrude Zachary, '07- '13, reports an in- teresting school year in these lines : ' ' In- deed 1 am very glad to know that you had a successful commencement. I always watch the newspapers for reports from the College and I have enjoyed reading about the last commencement very much. The Alumnae News has also been a great pleasure to me this winter. My work, too, has been very interesting. As you know, I taught in Bla- den County in a section where little educa- tional work has been done. For several years previous to the school year of 1913- 1914, the public fund had been used to run a school for a few families in the neighborhood and the children who most needed help had been crowded out. I had the privilege of or- ganizing the first Woman 's Betterment Asso- ciation ever formed in the district and the second one in the county. Although this Association had only a few members, it ac- complished helpful improvements for the chil- dren, and furnished the community with its first example of organized effort for neigh-
ALUMNAE NEWS
uorhood advancement. The greatest improve- ment which the members of the Association made was to place a pump on the school grounds, thereby preventing the necessity of the children using water from a surface spring, as they had always had to do. Broken stove-pipes and window-panes were replaced by new ones. An excellent blackboard was put in the school house. The Association donated enough money to secure the State and county appropriations for a rural library. Several other improvements were also made in the grounds, and a substantial sum of money placed in the local bank to the credit of the Betterment Association for the fur- ther benefit of the children. The pupils were eager to learn. There was not one of them that did not show the results of a more or less earnest endeavor at the close of school. Let me say right here that no child was forced away. I taught a puhlic school — much to the disgust and chagrin of two committeemen. Some of the children had to travel over a road that would make our worst mountain highway look like a boule- vard.
"The mountains are beautiful now, cov- ered as they are with laurel blossoms."
Bertha Stanbury, '14, is assistant in the mathematics department at the College.
Iris Holt, '14; Ethie Garrett, '14, and Lil- lian Hunt, '14, are teaching in High Point.
Anne Watkins, '14, had a delightful visit to Texas this summer. She is teaching in Wadesboro this fall. '
Mary Baldwin Mitchell, '09, and Fannie Starr Mitchell, '14, are teaching in Waynes- ville. They, with their mother, are keeping house in that beautiful mountain town, and are enjoying the family reunion. They are much missed from our College circle.
Sallie Boddie, '14. is teaching Domestic Science in the Pomona Schools. She looks in upon us often, and is always welcome.
THE PLACE OF THE WOMA^'S COL- LEGE IN AHERICAN EDUCATION
[ Continued from page .3 ]
nal culture. Xot all persons who go to church and Sunday school, read the Bible and sing psalms are spiritually well trained :iny more than are all holders of college de- grees perfectly equipped for life. Tn both cases the educational machinery, the organ- ized group of learners, the means of develop- ment arc provided: the teacher, the wisdom books, the contact with helpful personalities; but there must be found the quickening spirit in the churches and in the colleges, and the responsive spirit in the disciple and tiif student in order to produce both spirit- ual and intellectual power and practical effi- ciency in the individual against the time when he shall be called to apply his spiritual or his mental- training to life.
A certain writer upon the spirit of the uni- versity once said: "An institution which stakes its whole pow-er and credit in society upon refinement and intelligence not evinced in any one particular form of efficiency will inevitably disappear more and more from connection with a world of flesh and blood into a kindred cloudland of unrealities and abstractions. "
For obvious reasons, I have not attempted to construct an ideal curriculum wliii'h should lead to the bachelor's degree, but I have at- tempted to explain the true functiim of the college as distinguished from the uuiversity and the technical scliool, as I understand it, and to review the present tendencies in ad- .iusting the college curriculiun both for men and for women to meet the needs of modern life, with some comment upon the success of the old regime. I have tried to show that the aim of collegiate training is not to equip for the pursuits that "pay", but rather to fit for the life callings of parenthood, teach- ing and social service by educating the min<l rather than the fingers and by develojiing sanity of judgment, breadth of vision, cour- age and power to grapple with problems which must after all be solved largely by the few fortunate but responsible men and wo- men, who, by a slow, steady sifting process from childhood to maturity have been found worthy to enter into these high vocations. This may seem to you ideal rather than prac- tical, but I firmly believe that unless the col- leges realize that their A. B. degree mu-t represent not merely hours of time and bal- anced grouping of subjects, but dynamic teaching of these subjects, a college diploma will have no more value for life than it has for commerce. "It is the letter that killeth but it is the spirit giveth life. ' '
AMERICAN SAMOA
The following sketch was sent for the Alumnae News at the request of the editors by Mrs. A. M. Noble, nee Ella Myatt, '04- '05:
About thirteen and one-half degrees south of the equator, under sunny, tropical skies, is a group of islands known, collectively, as Samoa or Navigator 's Islands. Very little is know:n of these islands by people living within the bounds of the United States, ytt more than half of them are owned and governed by Uncle Sam.
There are ten distinct islands, exclusive of knolls and islets, comprising the group. The two largest, IIpolu and Savaii, and two smaller islands, Manono and Apolina, belong to Germany and are known as German Samoa. Rose Island, Aunuu, Manua (which embraces three islands), and Tutuila, belong to the United States, and are known as American Samoa. It is of the latter group tliat this short article will deal.
All of these islands, but one, are of vol- canic formation, and are very motmtainous, some peaks rising to an altitude of more than 2,000 feet. Dense, tropical vegetation covers the mountains and almost entirely furnishes food supplies for the many semi-civilized, copper colored natives.
Rose Island, the smallest of the group, is a barren, coral knoll, entirely uninhabited, save by a variety of species of sea-fowls, which build their nests in the sand.
Aunuu, the next smallest, contains between five and six hundred acres, most of which is rich, fertile soil. There is only one vil- lage on the island, with a population of 17.5 natives. Not a single white person lives on this island. The natives of this village have the distinction of producing the finest taros
raised in Samoa. The oranges and bananas from this island are among the best to be found in the entire group.
The three islands known as Manua are, Ofu, Ulesega and Manua. They are in close proximity, being separated only by a narrow channel of water, which the natives easily ford during low tide. It is here that about 2,000 happy, indigent natives make their home, and enjoy the blessings that nature has provided for tliem, in their nnmolestetl primitive state.
The largest and most important island of the group under the American flag, is Tutuila. Being eighteen miles in length, and from five to six miles wide at the widest part, it comprises about fifty square miles of territory. It contains the beautiful and ex- cellent harbor of Pago Pago, by far the finest in the South Seas. This basin-shaped harbor is completely lank locked, and pre- sents wonderful scenery, being entirely sur- rounded by lofty, verdant mountains, that rise almost perpendicular from the water's edge to a height of 1,600 feet. There is ample room for any one of the American fleets to anchor safely within these placid waters. It is on the banks of this harbor that the United States has established an ex- tensive naval and coaling station. One man- of-war, with a full complement of men and officers, is stationed here at all times. The commander of the station ship is governor of the islands and officially the head of the •Samoan government. Including the inhabi- tants of all the islands, American Samoa has a population of 7,000 natives, .SOO half-castes and 200 whites.
Mrs. G. S. Praps, nee Ellen Saunders, 1898, sends an interesting letter from her home in College Station, Texas. Mrs. Fraps lives on the campus of the Texas Agricul- tural and Mechanical College, as her husband is connected with the college as State Chem- ist:
' ' Our college life is very pleasant. We are five miles from Bryan, the nearest town. A trolley runs between Bryan and the col- lege, and the college children go to Bryan to school. * We have to do all our shopping in Bryan, as there are no stores on the cam- pus. All the professors live on the campus in homes belonging to the state. We have a very pleasant time together. There is an afternoon Five Hundred Club and a Bridge- Club, both of which meet once a week, also a Married Ladies' Dancing Club. There is also a Ivceum course, foot ball, baseball, track meet, and a moving picture show every vSaturday afternoon. There are between eight and nine hundred cadets here at present. We have had as many as a thousand. I wish you could see the beautiful wild flowers of Texas. I never saw- anything like them. There are whole fields of the same kind of flowers — blue bonnets. Indian blankets, and others. The buildings are very pretty. The new main building, which cost .$22.5.000.00, has just been completed. Another pretty building is the new mess hall. The cadets have band music by which they march to their meals. Dr. Fraps is the State Chemist. He does not teach at all, but his book, which was published last sunnner, on "The Principles of .Agricultural Chemistry', is being used in thi-i rollegc. "
ALUMNAE NEWS
THE NORTH CAROLINA
i state Normal and Industrial College I
Culture Scholarship Service Self- Support
offers to Women a Liberal Education, Equipment for Womanly Service, Professional Training for Remunerative Employment
Five well-planned courses leading to degrees in Arts, Science, Pedagogy, Music, and Home Economics.
Special courses in Pedagog)'; in Manual Arts; in Do- mestic Science, Household Art and Economics; in Music; and in the Commercial Branches.
Teachers and Graduates of other colleges provided for in both regular and special courses.
Equipment modern, including furnished dormitories, library, laboratories, literary society halls, gymnasium, music rooms, teachers' training school, infirmary, model laundry, central heating plant, and open air recreation grounds.
Dormitories furnished by the State. Board at actual cost. Expenses — board, laundry, tuilion, and text-books — $195.00 a year. Tuition free to those who pledge themselves to become teachers.
Fall Term Opened in September
Summer Term Begins in June
For catalogue and other information, address
JULIUS I. FOUST, President, Greensboro, N. C.
;„r„;..%.«„vt.AA
HOOK & ROGERS
ARCHITECTS
GHarloUe, Nortti Carolina
Wills Book and Stationery Co.
Booksellers : Stationers : Office Outfitters
306 South Elm St. Telephone 194
Greensboro, N. C.
W. Perry Reaves. M. D.
Charles R. Reaves. M. D.
DRS. REAVES & REAVES EYE. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT
OFFICE AND INFIRMARY
McADOO BUILDING
NEXT TO P05T0FFICE 'PHONE 30
GREENSBORO, N. C.
J. Van Lindley Nursery Company
NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS
Greensboro and Pomona : North Carolina
JOS. J. STONE & CO. printers Binders
GREENSBORO, N. C.
THREE CHEERS FOR ROCKINQHAM
There was an enthusiastic meeting of the Normal girls in Eoekingham County at Went- ■vTorth, August 20, 191i.
The meeting was called to order by the President, and Miss Mary Gwynn was asked to act as Secretary pro tem.
Miss Janie Stacey stated the object of the meeting, viz. : That ive had gathered for the purpose of diseusing plans for the com- ing year, especially of raising money for the Mclver Loan Fund. After much discussion it was decided to adopt the plan of having an entertainment which is to be worked up by the various towns next summer and be given at the Teachers' Summer School at Wentworth.
E
NGRAVED VISITING CARDS and WEDDING INVITATIONS
Bbst Quality Correct forms
steel Die Embossed Stationery General Printing and Binding
SAMPLES AND PRICES ON APPLICATION
EDWARDS & BROUQHTON PTQ. CO.
Steel Pie and Copperplate Engravers
RALEIGH, IT. C.
SPECIAL TO TEACHERS
DURING the past three years we have located our members in 81 .^itates. Our patrons include the best schools and collepres through the south- west. We locate a large number of the State Nor- mal Alumnae. Information foy the asking.
SOUTHERN EDUCATIONAL BUREAU
RALEIQH, NORTH CAROLINA
THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS
THE STATE'S
INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE
FOR MEN
Courses offered in Agriculture and allied sciences ; in Civil, Electrical and Mechanical Engineering ; in Textile Arts ; and in Industrial Chemistry.
FOR C.\TALOGl'ES, ADDRESS
E. B. OWEN, Registrar.
Od6li Hardware GoiiiDany
HARDWARE AND MILL SUPPLIES
MftNTELS, GRATES AND TILES Builders' Finisliina tlarriware
GREENSBORO, N. O.
"Ideas are worth more than acres, and the possesor of ideas will always hold in financial bondage those whose chief posses- sion is acres of land." — Charles D. Mclver.
II
ALUMNAE NEWS
OF THE STATE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE
Vol. III. No. 4.
GREENSBORO, N. C, MAY, 1915
Price, 25 Cents a Year
REPORT ON STANDARDIZATION OF COLLEGES
By Miss Julia Damerun
The question of where one shall go to col- lege is one of grave significance and impor- tance, for the choice of one's college deter- mines the standards and ideals which are to influence znost ponerfullv the entire life. Let us quote from the London Times. — ' ' We take with us in our lives and memories the very best of the university, and we are to represent that very best in every community into which we enter. The standards that the university has set for us will continue to be our guides. They can never grow old or old-fashioned. They are like the classics of literature which treat of the great fun- damental truths of human life, what Sainte- Beuve called ' contemporaries of every age '. ' ' Since these things are so, it is very important that we select a college with high standards, that we have our characters formed in a col- lege that stands for accuracy and thorough- ness, for sincerity and truth.
In respect to material things, such as foods and drugs, the United States assists us in making our choice by its pure food and pure drug laws. Such regulations are approved by every honest citizen, for the desire to pro- tect and strengthen the body is a worthy one, but "the life is more than the food, and the body than the raiment ' '. How much greater crime it is then to adulterate the mind and soul than to adulterate the body! Tet, in spite of this truth, the ques- tion of national supervision of institutions of higher learning is one of most recent de- velopment, or to be more exact, the prob- lem of national supervision is now being de- veloped. As an illustration of the interest that is now being shown in this matter, let us note in part what ex-President William H. Taft said before the Department of Su- perintendence of the National Educational Association last February in Cincinnati:
''What we need in the country is an oppor- tunity for standardization and comparison of school systems in the different states and cities. This, I think, we might have by estaljlishing what Washington recommended — a national university in Washington.
"The Bureau of Education might well be enlarged into a university, which should not be a teaclfing university, but one with a corps of experts who could offer to the people of all the states and the people of all local communities the opportunity of having their respective school systems examined and reported on as to proper scope, efBciency, thoroughness, and economy. The same university should hold periodical exam- inations in convenient parts of the country, which any person imght. upon the payment of a small fee. take. and. if successful, receive a certificate equivalent to a degree in certain established courses.
"All this would be voluntary: but if the sys- tem were impartial, thorough, and wisely severe, as it should be, the value of the reports and the value of the certificates would become great. They would assure the people of a community that they were getting their money's worth from a school system officially approved by such a uni- versity, by assuring them that the graduates of their school could obtain degrees from such ex- aminations. Thus we should soon have a stand- ardization of our school systems of the highest value.
The pressure of the taxpayers upon their par- IK-ular school authorities to apply for an exami- nation and report would be so great that it would soon become equivalent to a compulsorv system. It would stimulate school authorities t'o earnest work. It would eliminate shoddy pretense and snow, would minimize exploiting and nuhlicitv methods, and would give a proof of excellence and tes'taMe"'"''" ^^ standing that would be incon-
Moreover, the Association of Collegiate Alumnae is making a special effort .iust now to secure national supervision and standard- ization of schools. The urgent need of this inspection and standardization is shown by tlie following letter which was printed in the Nation during last February: ' 'To the Editor of the Nation :
"Sir: The recent announcement in a well- known English church paper that the degree of LL. D. had been conferred upon a certain
h'/hifit -in V°i!^"'^'"' P'^'-P'^rting to have its habitat in Washington. D. C, led me to make certain inquiries by way of improving mv ac- quaintance with American institutions of learn- ing I found no mention of this particular es- abhshiiient in the list of colleges and universi- ties published in the last annual report of the Commissionei- of Education. But a letter to the Bureau of Education brought the information that the university' in question is dulv char- tered in the District of Columbia, and that 'most A\.^'°t^ 's '^°°<' *!■ the correspondence method'. In 1912 the Carnegie Foundation ap pears to have reported on it as follows- 'The
-— University, which is established in a
dwelling house in Washington, certified in 1908 that Its assets, including bills receivable, amount- ed to $4d0 . It also had a 'library of 5 000 books, office furniture— desks, chairs, and type- writers . • ^
"But the iistounding thing is that, according to iny official informant, 'the sole requirement tor becoming a college or university in the Dis- trict of Columbia is that any five persons sign a document stating it to be their intention so to incorporate . I have small care or pity for the guileless innocents. British or American, who are deluded by the proffer of degrees from 'universi- ties thus constituted: but it is no wonder that foreigners look askance at degrees from even our best universities, when the national government permits such a scandalous act to foster frauds under the shadow of the Capitol. Can nothing be done to obliterate this shame?
E. T. M." The University of Chicago, December 17, 1914.
Being cognizant of the need of a national standardization and classification of colleges, we begin to question what has been done toward solving this problem by our national government. Let us quote from a paper on "Classification of Colleges", bv Miss Eliza- beth A. Colton:
"There has never been an authorized national classification of colleges. From 1867 to 1910, inclusive, the Commissioner of Education grouped colleges for women, it is true, into two divisions— A and B.. And 'Division A' did single out the few standard colleges for women: but 'Division B' included every grade of institution bearing the name 'college' from the weakest kind of pre- paratory school to institutions doing approxi- mately three years of college work. That these divisions were not meant as real classifications of colleges may be gathered from the following state- ment in the 1911 Report of the Commissioner of Education, vol. I. p. 43:
" 'The Bureau of Education has but recently undertaken to share in the evaluation of the work and standards of institutions of higher education. The appnintnient of a specialist in higher educa- tion and the organization of the Division of Higher Education (1910) are 'the first steps' in the fulfillment of a carefully worked out plan of the Bureau for the prolonged, difficult, and delicate task of ascertaining exactly the worth of degrees granted by the widely varying institu- tions in the United States.'
"Attempting to carry out this plan the Special- ist in Higher Education prepared in 1911 a 'ten- tative and semi-confidential' classification of col- leges: but the publication of this in its revised
form was for political reasons slopped by order of l-'resident Taft.
Furthermore, let us digress at this point
and quote tlie following paragraph from this
same paper by Miss Colton:
"A word of warning is needed, too, in regard to the classification of colleges by the Board of
S^.ffh "V- ;' .""'.^''="'?'''^' Episcopal Church, South. I nfortunalely, its 'Class A' has oftei
.V , which included only 'standard' colleges for women Methodist colleges when advertising
themselves as in 'Class A', should always sa? Methodist Class A' : for several 'A-grade' Meth- ?hlf j-°i '".'* ''"■ «■"""" granted degrees in 1914 that did not represent as much as two years of real college work. The Methodist Board 'of Edu- cation however, is now at work on a scheme of
disHnet7„n°'i ;'"''■'' ^"".•"•'■■"P' to showTome distinction between its 'standard' Class -I col- efes ""r,'/^ .more or less 'nominal' Class A col-
'D^vision V f'' n""' " °-'' '""S" » national Division .\ of colleges, it is to be hoped that those wishing to refer to standard colleges wH feges'''"'""' ^«'">'l'"-<i colleges' and not 'A co"
Though the need of national standardiza- tion and supervision is of interest to us, we are more concerned with the question of what North Carolina is doing to better her condi- tion. This present academic vear has been and still is being one of activitv in this line Early last fall Dr. .T. Y. .Joyner, State Su- perintendent of Public Instruction, sent a letter to the presidents of the higher insti- tutions of learning in North Carolina, ask- ing that they cooperate with the State Board of E.xaminers in securing a classification of the colleges by Dr. S. P. Capen, specialist of higher education for the United States Bureau of Education. Dr. Capen is now at work in the state, and if the colleges invite him to inspect them— for he will visit only those institutions that ask him— we shall soon have an authoritative classification of North Carolina colleges. We hope and be- lieve that the colleges of our state will make use of this opportunity, for, in the words of the North Carolina High School Bulletin: There is nothing in the plan that can work to the disadvantage of any institution that IS really honest with itself (and let ns be- lieve they all are), but there is much in it that will prove really helpful to everv insti- tution that wants to know .iust where it stands when judged by impartial and sound standards."
Since the United States Bureau of Educa- tion was forbidden in 1911 to publish its clas- sification of colleges, we have been forced to accept as standard colleges those which have been recognized by certain associations of col- leges and secondary schools formed through- out our country and by other organizations of educators. The most important of these organizations are The Association of Col- leges and Secondary Schools of the Southern States. The North Central Association of Col- leges and Secondary Schools, The New Eng- land Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, The Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools of the Middle States and Maryland, The Association of Collegiate Alumnae, The College Entrance Examination Board, and the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. They have set
8
ALUMNAE
I THE NORTH CAROLINA
! State Normal
Culture Scholar.
offers to Women a Liberal E Professional Trainin
Five well-planned courses leading to degrees Science, Pedagogy, Music, and Home Economics
Special courses in Pedagogy; in Manual Arts mestic Science, Household Art and Economics; i and in the Commercial Branches.
Teachers and Graduates of other colleges prov in both regular and special courses.
Fall Term Opened in September
For catalofft
JULIUS I. FOU
HOOK & ROGERS
ARCHITECTS
GHarlolie, Nortti Garollna
Wills Book and Stationery Co.
Booksellers .- Stationers .- Office Outfitters
306 South Elm St. Telephone 194 Greensboro, N. C.
W. Perry Reaves. M. D
Charles R. Reaves. M. D.
DR5. REAVES & REAVES EYE. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT
OFFICE AND INFIRMARY
McADOO BUILDING
NEXT TO P05T0FFICE 'PHONE 30
GREENSBORO. N. C.
J. Van Lindley Nursery Company
NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS
Greensboro and Pomona ; North Carolina
JOS, J, STONE & CO. printers Binders
Greensboro. N. C.
There v, Normal g worth, A
The m. President to act as
Miss J; meeting the purpi ing year Mclver it ^vas di an entert by the v given at Went wo V
E'
SPECfW
DURING llie past three years we have located our ineinbers in HI state's. Our patrons include the best scliools and coUe,a:es through the south- west. We locate a large number of the State Nor- mal Alumnae, hi formation Joy the asking.
ALUMNAE NEWS
OF THE STATE NORMAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE
Price, 25 Cents a Year
;- - carefully ivorkert out plan of the Bureau for the prolonged, difficult, and delicate task of ascertaininj exactlv the worth of degrees granted by the widelv varying institu- tions m the United States.'
• '.'-^'tf.niP'ins to carry out this plan the Special- ist m Higher Education prepared in 1911 a 'ten- tative and semi-confidential' classification of col- leges: but the publication of this in its revised
STreTilfent" T.S,'''"' ^"'""^ ^"""'^^ ''^ """ Furthermore, let us digress at this point and quote the following paragraph from this same paper by Miss Colton:
t„ ,1^ ^™''''.';f •>^.arning is needed, too, in regard to the classification of colleges bv the Board of Education of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. Unfortunafely, its 'Class A' has often been confounded with the old national -DivisoS A. which included only 'standard' colleges for women Jlethodist colleges wh?n advfrtisin"
v";^'.,"' ^f '" '•^'"^^ ^'. should alwa" say Methodist Class A'; for several 'A-grade' lleth ttTZ\'? *"'■ ''°"'=° granted de^eerin 1914 that did not represent as much as two vears of real college work. The Jlethodist Board" of Idu cation however is now at work on a scheme of classification which will attempt to show soi^e distinction between its 'standard' Class A c?l eges and its more or less 'nominal' cLL A col
'DivisioM'"o°r *^"' ''■ "° '■"'o'er a 'national division A of colleges, it is to be hoped that those wishing to refer to standard colleges win leSfs'/'"^ '"""^"'^ "^""^S*^' aud Bot^'l T,;"
Though the need of national standardiza- tion and supervision is of interest to us we are more concerned with the question of what Aorth Carolina is doing to better her condi- tion. This present academic year has been and still IS being one of activity in this line Early last fall Dr. .J. Y. Joyner, State Su- perintendent of Public Instruction, sent a letter to the presidents of the higher insti- tutions of learning in North Carolina, ask- ing that they cooperate with the State Board of Examiners in securing a classification of the eoUeges by Dr. S. P. Capen, specialist of higher education for the United States Bureau of Education. Dr. Capen is now at work m the state, and if the colleges invite him to inspect them— for he wUl visit only those institutions that ask him— we shall soon have an authoritative classification of Aorth Carolina colleges. We hope and be- lieve that the eoUeges of our state will make use of this opportunity, for, in the words of the North Carolina High School Bulletin- There is nothing in the plan that can work to the disadvantage of any institution that IS really honest with itself (and let us be- lieve they all are), but there is much in it that will prove really helpful to every insti- tution that wants to know iust where it stands when judged by impartial and sound standards. ' '
Since the United States Bureau of Educa- tion was forbidden in 1911 to publish its clas- sification of colleges, we have been forced to accept as standard colleges those which have been recognized by certain associations of col- leges and secondary schools formed thron<Jh- out our country and by other organizations of educators. The most important of these organizations are The Association of Col- leges and Secondary Schools of the Southern States, The Xorth Central Association of Col- leges and Secondary Schools, The Xew Eng- land Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, The Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools of the Middle States and Maryland, The Association of Collegiate Alumnae, The College Entrance E.xamination Board, and the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. They have set
^^r