DDDnnDnoaDDnnDDDDDDanoDnDDDDaDDD D D D D D D : B <^°'«^**^ D D D a sA*\ \a\ D D D > gl f*ifr KB m D D X ^^\ffl /^ ^ D D ■p ^w\**Xw ** D D D '•^^»*' D D D D D ° 1 D D D D UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS D D D D LIBRARY D D D D D D D D O D D D D D D D D P D D O D D D D n D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D a D o D D D D D D D D D Q D D DDaDDaDDDnDDDDDDDDDnnDnnnDaaaaDD nr^» f ^iHE,'. J, i^; 1>I^Eme% DEE Journal IBOROB W. YORK, Editor. CHICAGO, ILL,, JANUARY 2, 1902, :'4M'^i FORTY-SECOND YEAR No. I. i'4M'4M'-*i mM!m^M'^ ^'4^^i5it'43f'4!if^f^|^|^|^|^'4l ^ AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL- Jan. 2, 19C2 ITBLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK 8 COMPANY 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III. Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago as Second- Class Mail-Matter. EDITORIAL STAFF. Geobge W. Yore, - - Editor-in-Chief. Dr. C. C. Miller, It, E.E. Hastt. •(Department Prof. A. J. Cook, i Editors. IMPORTANT NOTICES. The Subscription Price of this Journal is 81.110 a year, in the United States, Can- ada, and Mexico ; all other countries in the Postal Union, 50 c8nts a year extra for post- age. Sample copy free. The "Wrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates the end of the month to which your subscription is paid. For instance, "decOl" on your label shows that it is paid to the end of December, 1901. Subscription Receipts. — We do not send a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip- tion, but change the date on your wrapper- label, which shows you that the money has been received and duly credited. Advertising Rates will be given upon ap- plication. National Bee Keepers' Association OBJECTS: To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey. To prosecute dishonest honev-dealers. BOARD OF DIRECTORS. E. Whitcomb, W. Z. Hutchinson, A. I. Root, E. T. Abbott, P. H. Elwood, E. K. Root, Thos. G. Newman, G. M. Doolittle, W. F. Marks, J. M. Hambaugh, C. P. Dadant, Dr. C. C. Miller. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Ernest R. Root, President. R. C. Aikin, Vice-President. Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio. EnGENE Secos, General Manager and Treas- urer, Forest City, Iowa. Membership Dues, $1.00 a year. H^" If more convenient, Dues may be sent to the office of the American Bee Journal, when they will be forwarded to Mr. Secor, who will mail individual receipts. A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very pretty thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to wear on liis coat-lapel. It often serves to in- troduce the subject of honey, and frequently leads to a sale. Note. — One reader writes: *' I have every reason to be- lieve that it would be a very good ideaforevery bee-keeper to wear one [of the buttons] as it will cause people to ask questions about the busy bee, and many a con- versation thus started would wind up with the sale of more or less honey; at any rate it would give the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to enlighten many a person in regard to honey and bees." The picture shown herewith is a reproduc- tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur- nishing to bee-keepers. It has a pin on the underside to fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents ; two for 10 cents ; or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the office o{ the American Bee Journal. j&is.js,^s,:i£,^s.je^Vi,js,Mi.:ie,M^iA^jL A Weekly Budget. )i Mr. Friedemann Greixer, of Ontario Co., N. Y.. writing us Dec. 2, 1901, said: '■We are having a hard winter-time. Our bees went into the cellar just in time. Our ounloor-wintered colonies are seen to — so we feel easy."' The Apiaky of Mr. W. P. Turner is shown on the first page this week. When sending the photograph, Mr. Turner wrote as follows : I send a picture of my apiary located live miles northeast from the heart of a city, con- nected by electric street-car lines. The view is taken from the car-line looking northwest. The hives are fronting south, and are all pat- terns, but the frames are of the Langstroth type, and will fit in any of the hives. Your humble servant stands in the fore- ground, is 57 years old, and has kept bees more or less the past 2S years in connection with farming. But in March, 1900, he aban- doned the farm and came to this resort, and built the house on the extreme left, as partly shown in the picture. The good wife and oldest daughter are seen standing in front of the same. (Our other daughter happened to be away when the artist called to take the picture.) Our only son, Chas. L., and his family, are seen in the automobile coming down tlie street from the west. He and his cousin, F. I. Ellis, are the inventors and builders of said wagon. One or the other, or both of them, use it every day. They prom- ised me an auto-delivery wagon at a future date. Their residences are shown at the ex- treme right — first is Charles' and next is Ellis'. The carpenter shop and honey-house are south — just outside of the picture, by, or near, the solar wax-extractor shown ; also about 15 more colonies of bees are located between my shop and the barn. The hives, 55 in all, stand 12 feet apart each way. I hope to have, by the end of another year, the little lot filled up, two in a place. The past has not been a very good year for honey, although I am well pleased with the results. I can wholesale honey here at 15 cents for comb, in 24-pound cases, and ex- tracted at 10 cents, a pound, put up in I'.j- pound Mason jars. I used gloves the past season for the first time, and liked them well, as they keep the propolis off my hands, and save my awkward fingers a few stings. I turned the nozzle of my Cornell smoker around, and think it perfect, as I can shoot the smoke right down on the frames, or in at the entrance, without any trouble. I have made, with a Barnes' combined machine. SO hives and supers complete, except sections and pattern-slats; also .iO winter-eases that viU insure bees against winter loss, since Jan. 1. inoi. I have used all the leading supers with varied succc'^s, and find I have to use separators on both sides of the sections, to insure nice, straight sections. My supers are made with followers and wedges at one end and side; when the wedges are removed the sections are easily taken out. I am sorry I did not think to show my "hive-jack'' and " uncapping-box " in the picture. The former is fine for holding hives, supers, and covers, for painting, and costs about "5 cents to make it. The latter is the best thing for uncapping I have seen, and costs about .*3.00. The more I read the "old reliable " Ameri- can Bee Journal the better I like it. W. P. Turner. Y'ou might describe your hive-jack and un- capping-box for the benefit of the readers of the American Bee Journal. as a. FREE Premium A Foster StylograDhic PEN This pen consists of a liar«f rubber holder, tapering to a round point, and writes as- smoothly as a lead-pencil. The point and n«edle of the pen are made of platina. alloyed with iridium — substances of great durability which are not affected by the action of any kind of ink. They hold sufficient ink to write 10,000 words, and do not Ieal< or blot. As they make a line of uni> form M'idlli at all times they are unequaled tor ruling purposes. Pens are furnished in neat paper boxes. Each pen is ac- companied with full directions^ filler and cleaner. Best Manifolding Pen on THE Market. 19,000 Postmasters use this kind of a pen. The Editor of the American Bee Journal uses the " Foster." You should have one also. How to Get a "Foster"^ FREE. Send two new subscribers to the American Bee Journal for one year, with ?2.00; or send §1.90 for the Pen and your own subscription to the American Bee Journal for one year; or, for $1.00 we will mail the pea alone. Address, » QEORQE W. YORK & CO. 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III. The Emerson Binder This Emerson stiff-board Binder with cloth back for the American Bee Journal we mail for but 60 cents; or we will send it with the Bee I (Exact size of the Pen.) Journal for one year— both for only $1.40. It is a fine thing- to preserve the copies of the Jour- nal as fast as they are received. If you have this "Emerson" no further binding- is neces- ^"^* QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILI* t^ •^1861 '^ A '/N AMERICA ^'-^ 4 2d YEAR. CHICAGO, ILL, JANUARY 2, 1902, No.l. The Forty-Second Voluine of the American Bee Journal is beftiin with this issue. Getting old, isn't it ; Hut some thin^ts "improve with age," it is said. We trust it may be so in this case. We can not malie any great promises as to the future, but we expect not only to do all in our power to maintain the pace already attained, but hope to make even a better record during 15102. With the hearty support of so many sympa- thetic readers, and with a deteruiinatiou to keep the American Bee Journal in the front rank, we look forward with high hopes to the New Year, and trust that it may bring richest blessings to all, whether readers of these pages or not. ■*■ E-xpressions of Appreciation of the American Bee Journal have been so abundant and hearty during the past tew weeks, that we may be pardoned for taking a little space to thank most sincerely those who — whether renewing their subscriptions or requesting a discontinuance — have written us so kindly and so graciously. Many people think that the world at large is often cold and unfeeling, but we are glad to know that "the world of bee-people" is seldom other than appreciative of honest effort and devoted toil. And to receive so many tokens of such enthusiastic esteem for the American Bee Journal is a source of great encouragement to those who plan and work to make its weekly visits a help and a bless- ing to all who read it. So we desire to take this opportunity to thauk most cordially all who have helped, in whatever way, to bring joy and gladness to this office, and to assure them that the ex- pressions of appreciation, as well as the more substantial things that more often accom- panied them, are greatly prized, and will aid in lightening the labors, as well as the hearts, of all whose united effort creates weekly the old American Bee Journal. Selection of Drones. — In Le Ruoher Beige are given some words of counsel as to rearing queens, from the noted French queen- rearer, M. Girard-Pabou. If the same pains had been taken to breed only from colonies giving best results that have been taken to breed for looks, there can be little doubt as to the progress that would have been made. Some pay little attention to the production of drones, which, for best results, should be lulcrated only in two or three choice colonicB. ('. I'. Dadant says the inlluence of the male is greater than that of the female. Destroy carefully before their hirth all drones in colo- nies other than the choice ones, and from 10 to H o'clock close with excluder-zinc the en- trances of all colonies from which we do not want drones to lly to meet the young (lueens. Honey Tooth-Wash to remove tartar from the teeth: According to Le Miroir, dentists use the following: Muriatic acid, 1 part; water, 1 part; honey, 2 parts. Cure of Bee-Dysentery.— It is well known that a good (light is a cure for dysen- tery in l^ees, but generally little is done to oblige bees to tly except to wait till the weather is warm enough. Loyalstone (in the Australian Bee-Keepers' Review) goes at the matter somewhat heroically, as follows: On a warm day remove all bees from the hive, except the frame the queen is on, to a distance of 50 yards from the hive — then shake the bees off the frames, allowing them to fly back to their hive. Two such treat- ments, with about one hour's interval be- tween them, will generally cure this disease. AVasps and Bees Compared. Mr. H. W. Brice has been investigating, and gives some notes in the British Bee Journal. Like the queen-bee, the queen-wasp is impregnated once for life. L'nlike the queen-bee, the queens of the wasp ( Vespa vahjarh) can be, and are, fertilized in confinement. In a state of nature they are fecundated within or in close proximity to the nest. The male wasp can live to fertilize several queens. At the mating season there are more queens than male wasps. While the larva of the bee takes in its food by absorption, the larva of the wasp is fed by the mouth, perhaps through the entire period, certainly after the first three days. ^ Changing Brood from one colony to another is practiced by many, but not always in the same way. Some think it advisable early in the season to take brood from strong colonies and give to the weak. Others think it advisable to take from the weak and give to the strong. Justification for these two practices so diametrically opposed to each other may be found in the different condi- tions. In a region where the honey season is long, or where a heavy honey-flow comes late in the season, taking away brood from a strong colony will result in a smaller return from that colony, but that loss will be more than made up by the gain from a weaker col- ony, which, without such help, would have given little or no return. For it must be re- meml)cred that a strong colony does not merely yield in direct proportion to its strength, as compared with a weaker colony. That is, a colony of .50,0r snckins-tulx's. It will bo remembered that tho glossonioter whicli I invented some years since, and which secured a medal at the Paris (France) lO.xposition, makes it easy for us to deter- mine what bees possoss(!s the lonji'est tongues. In this instru- ment a s(|uare of fjlass is stretchod diagonally from theedgeof a similar-sized lim- wire K'auze to within one-half of an inch of tho opposite end. Tho two triangular ed;jos of this enclosed space consisted of wood. Tiie fourth lialf-incli space was also closed witli a wooden door. Ity smearing' the glass with nec- tar and placing tho instrument in tho hive, it was easy to seo which bees possessed the longer tongues. If desired, the K'iiss can be ruled, and the distance of I'ach line from the ^anze marked. I liavo no doubt that with this glossometer, coupled with care iu breeding, any apiarist might soon secure bees with much longer tongues than he would otherwise have in his apiary. All are free to make and use this glossometer. fjos Angeles Co., Calif., Oct. 2S. James La Barre— Originator of V-Sliaped Top-Bar. BY ,IOUN R. SC11.MIUT. Mi;. JAMES LA BARRE, a bee-keeper from the wilds of Kentucky .is not only an accoraplishod bee-master but also a masti'r of long-distance walking, he havinu; walked from Covington, Ky,, to Washing- ton, D. C, a distance of over 600 miles in 23 days. This was not done for the mere satisfaction of a foolish notion, or accomplishing a senseless bet, but for the pur- pose of obtaining justice ; and, secondly, the means of liveli- hood .justly due him for his ser- vices to his country during those long, bitter days of the Civil War. Through hatred and jealousy, an officer of the company iu which he served, caused a seri- ous charge to be placed against him. for which he was promptly court-martialed without even a chance to defend himself. Years after the close of the War. La Harre applied for a pension, and was immediately confronted with the court-mar- tial, and his application was •■turned down.'" His untiring endeavor to clear his name of the so-called injustice done him, led to bis going to Washington on foot, to plead his cause be- fore Congress. The case was unheard, owing to the short session of that body last fall, but undismayed by th .lAMES LA BARHE. failure, and with the able assistance of Hon. Shattuc. he will endeavor to be more successful this fall, and vows he will not give up until the unjust charge is removed, and, if necessary, ex- pected to start from his home in Kentucky, again on foot late in October, in order to be present whi-n the body met. Mr. La Karre is a bee-keeper of extremely keen observa- tion, and one of many practical ideas ; his extensive knowl- edge of the bees having lieen gleaned through this method, as he reads little from choice. It is not generally known that it was he who first con- ceived the idea of a V-shaped top-bar as a comb-guide. Early in the Go's he accidentally noticed that the bees in a box-hive, in building their lirst comb, extended it along a strip of wood whi<'li had been nailed on thi' liiHldo of the box to cover a crack. Quick lo see Iho point, he applied V-shaped Htrlps whi'ri' he wanted the combs built, and the bees, true to their rjaturo, used those ns starting points. In IK77, while visiting the latn Chasi. V. Miith. he rnoii- lioned the matter, and aske as well. It is also well to proceed slowly when stepping upon an untried "structure." LARGE YIELDS— A CORRECTION. On page 637 (Oct. 3), there is recorded a yield of 340 pounds of section honey, all nicely cappi'd and marketable, together with lU pounds of honey in sections partly filled, making 3-iOas a total of section-honey from one colony. And the producer, Mr. ,Tohn Lenney, wishes to know if " this is not the best record that you have ever heard from one colony:" to which the edlKU' replies in a foot-note: ■' Yours is certainly a good yield of honey, but we believ(^ Mr. Doolittle once se- cured oHH pounds of comb honey fi'om one colony in one sea- son.'" The correction I wish to make is that the 566 pounds which my colony gave was extracted honey. (Correction ac- cepted.— Ed.) My highest yield of comb lioney from a single colony in one Season was 3U9 pounds, hence Mr. Lenney's colony went ahead of mine 8 I pounds, of marketalde honey (as my 809 pounds was all nicely finished), or -t L jiounds in all. And un- less I have failed to note or remember, Mr. Lenney's 3-4t) pounds of marki'table section honey from one colony in oni' .season is the largest yield ever reported, and he should have the credit of it. and of standing " at the head," until some one can rightfully claim that place with a larger yield. HONEY TRICES— BEING MISUNDERSTOOD. It sei'ms at times, that, try as Iiard as I may to make a thing plain, some will misunderstand what I write, and I "fell to wondering" whether the trouble was on my pai't. or on the part of the reader. Very likely on the part of both. f(U' such is generally the Ciise. My mind was called afresh to this mat- ter in reading page 749, (Nov. 21). There I am credited with advising, in Gleanings, that the producer retail\\\s honey at 12 cents a ])Ound where the market quotations will lead us to expect that some commission merchant in a distant city would sell the same at 13 to 15 cents: and nearly a column of space was taken to prove that such advice was wrong. Well, had I ever given such advice it would have been wrong, and surely Editor Root would not have endorsed such a wrong thing by putting at the head of tliat article, or "c(]n- versatioii.'' the words "orthodox advice,'' as he did, this show- ing that E. R. Root understood the matter in the light of scW- itig at w/iolesale (not at retail), as I intended to advise. I have always considered it worth 2i4 cents a pound to retail honey by the section, where the same was peddled from house to house, as we would infer tlial Mr. J. L.'IIyde proposes to do with the 700 pounds he will sell out of his lUOL), "by a little push of it to families in my vicinity." I'ushiiig it around to families cannot very well mean aught but a retail trade, and hence, in this case I would advise a price of 14J^ cents with a prospect of honey selling at 18 to 15 cents aliroad. In the conversation alluded to in Gleanings (pages 781-2 — Aug. 15), the reader will note that the honey was all graded and cased, which meant the selling by the case at least, and selling by the case is generally considered as a wholesale affair, even though but a single case is taken. Then I spoke of prices at our nearest railroad station, which, it seems to me. could not possibly be construed into a retail affair. And again, I spoke of selling outright, which means the disposing of the whole crop in a lump: yet not- withstanding. Mr. Hyde interprets all ol this as meaning "the market price at 1'2 cents retail." Then, having misunderstood, he goes on to argue how such advice as I gave would bring the price of comb honey down to H cents a pound as "the established price." And " Mr. Hustler " readily sees " why men should not jump at everything that is printed in the bee-papers." When a man starts into a line of reasoning based on false premises, it is quite easy to see sometliing wliich is not a reality, and a some- thing which would never have " seen the liglit '' had said man made sure he was right in his premise at the start. No, no: Doolittle would never advise doing anything to lower the jirice of honey, so long as the honey-producer stands to a disadvantage when compared with most of the products of others; nor would he advise ^ver selling at wholesale where the producer can retail his product at a price enough higher to compensate amply for the labor of retailing. HONEY ON COMMISSION — A MISTAKE. Then I think Mr. Hyde makes a mistake where he con- cludes 300 pounds of honey " is not enough to sell on commis- sion,"' by which I take it he means that 30U pounds would be too small an amount to ship to a commission merchant in some distant city. Some of the very best sales commission mer- chants have ever made for me — sales from one to three cents above market quotations — have been where I have shippel them only from 100 to 200 pounds. In fact, the records of these transactions for the past 23 years show that in no case where I have shipped commission merchants 1000 pounds or more of honey has he sold the same at as good an average price as has the same man or firm where I have shipoed only from 100 to 200 pounds at a shipment. And the freight is no more per hundreil pounds in a single hundred pound ship- ment, than it is where ten or twenty-five hundred is shipped, as it is always reckoned at so much a hundred pounds, as far as I have had freight-rates quoted to me ; with no restrictions as to the number of hundred pounds that must be sent at one shipment. My idea as to why a small shipment sells for a better prici^ than a large one is, that many of the small grocery men can dispose of the whole of a small lot of honey, where they could not do so with a larger lot; and as the commission merchant is better pleased at not breaking up a shipment, the smaller lots go first, while the prices are generally at their height, or their best: and the larger shipments are only In-oken up later on, or sold as a whole, and so sell at the reduced price that generally obtains afti'r the holidays are over. Then, again, the smalle.r lot is more in the line of a retail trade with the commission merchant, and as the smaller groc<'r can get just what he wants in the small lot. he pur- chases the same, even though he pays a littl(> more for it. So don't think that where a bee-keeper has from 100 to 500 pounds more than his home market calls for, that it will not pay to ship the same on commission, for it will pay in two ways : First, it will bring as much, or more, than a large lot in market : and, second, the sending of it away often saves the breaking down of the home market, through the lowering of prices. Onondago Co., N. Y. Why Not Help a Little— both your neig^hbor bee-keep- ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending' to us the names and addresses of such as you may know do not now g-et this journal ? We wJU be g^lad to send them sample copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper, and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe, send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of the premiums we are constantly offering' as rewards for such effort. .*-•-* Our Wood Binder (or Holder) is made to take all the copies of the American Bee Journal for a year. It is sent by mail for 20 cents. Full directions accompany. The Bee Journals can be inserted as soon as they are received, and thus preserved for future reference. Upon receipt of $1.00 for your Bee Journal subscription a full year in advance, we will mail you a Wood Binder free — if you will mentioni Jan. 1902. AMERICAN BEE JOUPNAL I The Buffalo Convention. | ^ Report of the Proceeding's of the Thirty-Second Annual S^ |5 Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' Asso- ^ ^ elation, held at Buffalo, New York, «'• vS Sept. 10, 11 and 12, 1901. ^ (Contiuued from pajje H22.J Prof. M. 15. Waite, of the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C, also delivered an address on "The Rela- tion of Bees to the Orchard," but a copy of it has not been secured for pub- lication. Pres. Watrous then called upon Prof. S. A. Beach, of the New York Agricultural F^xperiment Station at Geneva, who read the following paper, on Spraying in Bloom. Spraying commercial orchards to prevent attacks of injurious insects and diseases is a practice of compara- tively recent origin. According to Lodeman (Lodeman, "The Spraying of Plants," 63, (>5). the tirst published record of successful treatment for the coddling moth by spraying with Paris green, is in the Report of the Western New York Horticultural Society for 1879, and the first publication of a regular experiment station to give the results of using Paris green against this insect, is the Annual Report of the New York State Station at Geneva for 1885. In the period from 1S8T to 1894, through the efforts of the United States Department of Agriculture and various agricultural experiment stations, it was demonstrated that by the use of certain fungicides, notably the Bor- deaux mixture, some of the most seri- ous orchard diseases, such as apple scab, pear scab, quince leaf and fruit_ spot, and plum leaf spot, might be' kept under control. During the latter part of this period some fruit-growers commenced the practice of spraying orchards systematically to prevent cer- tain diseases. In the treatment of apple, pear, and quince orchards Paris green, or an equivalent arsenical poison, came to be usually combined with the Bordeaux mixture so as to apply both an insecticide and a fungi- cide in one treatment. As early as 1889, Cook, then entomol- ogist for the Michigan Agricultural College, stated that bees might be pois- oned with Paris green sprayed upon fruit-trees when in bloom. He urged that spraying should not be practiced during the blooming season, and that, if necessary, such a requirement should be made bv law. (A. J. Cook, Bui. 53, Mich. Ex. Sta.:4, S.) After that, whenever experiment- station writers published directions upon this point, they uniformly advised against spraying in bloom. In 1896, Webster published the results of experi- ments conducted at the Ohio Experi- ment Station in 1892 and 1894, by which it was proved that bees are liable to be poisoned by working on blossoms sprayed with Paris green or with Bor- deaux mixture and Paris green. He reports that shortly after some trees were sprayed, one of the colonies of bees located near by became extinct. Arsenic was not only found in the abdomens of the bees, but it was also found in the dead brood in the hive. (F. M. Webster, Bui. 68, Ohio Ex. Sta.: 52.) We have already noticed that even prior to 1895 some fruit-growers had adopted the practice of spraying their orchards for the prevention of fungus diseases, and of combining with such treatment the application of arsenical poisons to kill the insect enemies. Such was their success that their ex- ample was soon followed by many others, and within the next three of four years spraying came to be gener- ally regarded as a necessary operation in successful orchard management. But some of the fruitgrowers experi- enced more or less difficulty in trying to follow the instructions of the experi- ment stations as to when the spraying should be done, especially in treating large apple orchards. In this eastern section of the country, the apple orchard, as a rule, constitutes but a portion of the farm, the remaining por- tion being devoted to other crops. At the time when spraying should be done, other important farm work also de- mands attention. This is especially felt when the season has been unfavor- able for field-work. Under such cir- cumstances, when the fruit-grower was crowded with work, the practice of spraying apple-trees in bloom has had its origin. It was tried at first from considerations of necessity or conven- ience rather than from any idea of the superiority of this plan of treatment over that recommended by the experi- ment stations. Orchardists who had not completed the spraying of their trees before the blossoming season be- gan, continued to spray in some in- stances after the blossoms opened. They chose to take the risk of injuring the crop by spraying in bloom rather than risk injury from diseases and in- sects. Later, the idea that the best time of all for spraying is when the trees are in full bloom gained consider- able headway. As soon as they found that fruit- growers were beginning to spray orchards when in bloom, the beekeep- ers at once became much concerned over the effect of such a practice on their business. The publications of experi- ment stations and of the United States Department of Agriculture assured them the bees were liable to be poisoned by working on blossoms which had been sprayed with insecticides. In New York State the bee-keepers set to work vigorously, and by 1898 secured the enactment of a law which still stands on the statute books, making it a misdemeanor to apply any poisonous substance in any way to fruit-trees in bloom. (Chap. 325, Laws of 1898.) Some of the fruit-growers had by this time become so thoroughly convinced that better results could be obtained by spraying apple orchards in bloom than by spraying at any other time, that they strongly opposed the passage of the law and afterwards tried to get it repealed. Unsuccessful in this, but still confident that their views were correct, they kept at work until an amendment to the law was finally se- cured, whereby the experiment stations at Cornell University and at (ieneva were permitted to spray plants in bloom for the purpose of testing such treatment in comparison with the treatment commonly advised. Accord- ingly, in 1900, work on certain phases of this subject was undertaken by both of the stations named above. The re- sults, so far as published, are given in Bulletin 196 of the CJeneva station, to which publication those who are espe- cially interested are referred. One of the questions bearing upon the subject of spraying in bloom which is sometimes asked is, whether treating the open blossoms with the spray mix- tures does not directly help to set the fruit. An understanding of the way fruit sets will conduce to a clearer idea of what influence the spray mixtures may reasonably be expected to have in this direction. An apple-blossom cut through the middle shows different parts as here illustrated : (The follow- ing 6 illustrations are from Bulletin 196 of the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N. Y.) The outer green portion which covers the bud is called the calyx. When the blossom opens, the calyx turns back- ward. It persists on the fruit where it may be seen bv examining the blossom end of the apple. Next, within the calyx are the showy fiower-leaves. Neither these nor the calyx are essen- tial to the setting of fruit. Up to the time the blossom opens, they give pro- tection to the very delicate central organs, but they may then be cut away without interfering with the setting of the fruit. The essential organs are the stamen and pistil. The pistil oc- cupies the very center of the flower. It divides above into five green threads which at the proper time exude from their tips a sticky fluid. Below it con- tains the little egg-cells which, when fertilized, develop into seeds. The stamens are thread-like and tipped with yellow sacks of powder called pol- len. They surround the pistil. When the pollen alights upon the sticky tip of the pistil— i. e.. upon the stigmatic surface, if conditions are favorable — it sends out a sprout in a way somewhat analogous to the sprouting of grain in warm, moist soil. This pollen-tube grows downward through the soft tis- sues till it reaches the egg-cell, which is then fecundated and thus stimulated to continue growing into seed. This, in brief, is the way feltilization of the apple takes place. If fertiliza- tion does not take place, there is no further development and the entire flower withers and falls away. Since the essential organs are composed of very tender tissues, it is not surprising that injury may follow when they are hit by the spray mixtures. Neither is AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 2, 1902. it strang-e that Bordeaux mixture should prevent the germination of the pollen. The Bordeaux mixture holds its position as a leading fungicide, be- cause it prevents the growth of fun- gous spores. The germination of pollen is more nearly analogous to the germination of fungous spores than to the germination of grain cited above. Since the Bordeaux mixture is deadly to one, it may be expected to have a similar effect upon the other. That it does have such an effect is proved by laboratory experiments which formed a part of the investigations previously mentioned. Theordinary combination of Bordeaux mixture with an arsenical poison prevented the growth of pollen in laboratory cultures, as also did even lime alone, while in corresponding cul- tures, in which these substances were not present, the pollen germinated and pollen-tubes grew. Bordeaux mixture alone — 1 to 11 formula — was added to cultures in varying proportions, and the effect was remarkable. With 200 parts of it in 10,000 parts of the culture media, the growth of pollen was practic- ally prohibited, for the pollen did not grow except in rare instances ; 100 parts in 10,000 in some cultures, but not in all, wholly prevented the ger- mination of the pollen : sometimes 50 parts in 10,000 gave a similar result, and even the very slight proportion of 2 parts in 10,000 in some cases showed an unmistakably adverse influence on pollen-germination. Since pollen must alight upon the stigmatic surface, and there germinate before fertilization can take place, these results are highly significant to the fruit-grower. From the facts which have been pre- sented it is clear that applying the spray mixtures on the open blossoms, instead of assisting directly to set the fruit, may wholly prevent it. But some fruit-growers feel sure that spraying in bloom has caused a posi- tive improvement in their apple crop. How can such results be accounted for? One of the worst diseases in New York apple orchards is the scab. Does spraying in bloom give some degree of protection against this disease? It is well known that the amount of dam- age from this disease varies greatly in different seasons. In 1896, for example, the apple crop was remarkably free from injury from the scab, even on trees which had never been sprayed. In 1898, on the contrary, in Western New York, the scab became virulent so early in the season that in many cases it killed a considerable portion of the blossoms, and later continued the destruction on the immature fruit. The apple-blossoms grow in clusters having perhaps from 5 to 7 in the clus- ter, although the number may vary considerably. They do not all open at the same time. The one in the center opens first and is normally the strong- est and forms the largest ifruit. Those immediately around the central one open next in order, and lastly the out- side blossoms of the cluster open. The whole process generally takes from a week to 10 days in this part of the country. It varies with weather con- ditions. When the last ones are open- ing, the central blossom has usually passed out of bloom. Not only is there this difference in the time when the different flowers in a cluster open, but also in the same way tree-clusters which are less exposed to the heat of the sun are correspondingly retarded in bloom- ing. Consequently, all of the clusters on a tree do not begin blooming at the same time. It appears, therefore, that there is no one time when all the apple- blossoms on a tree are open. Of those which are open, some are sure to escape being hit in the center when thespray- 1 ing is done in an ordinary way. When there is an abundance of bloom, and when the apple-scab be- comes destructive as early in the sea- son as the time when the blossoms are opening — as was the case in 1898 — spraying once in bloom might not de- stroy enough of the blossoms to reduce the crop of fruit seriously and yet give a degree of protection against the scab which would result in improvement in the amount and character of the crop ; but it has not yet been demonstrated by rigid experiments that even in such a season spraying in bloom gives supe- rior results to those which may be ob- tained by spraying just before and just after the blooming season. In order to get conclusive evidence on this point, it will be necessarj- to continue the experiments till a season arrives when the conditions are somewhat similar to those which obtained in Western New York in 1898. Does spraying in bloom ever bring about an improvement in the crop by thinning the fruit ? In the experiments reported in the bulletin already cited, it was found that apple-blossoms which were treated with the spray — the ordinary combina- tion of Bordeaux mixture and an arsen- ical poison — in the early part of the blooming season, generally failed to set fruit. Blossoms whicii had been open several days before they were hit by the spray seemed to have reached a stage where such treatment did not interfere with the setting of the fruit. Some results which are apparently con- flicting, may be reconciled by a clear understanding of this point. It appears that there is a difference between the older blossoms and the newer ones as to their susceptibility to injury from spray mixtures. Experiments were also made in which portions of trees were sprayed repeat- edly during the blooming season, thus hitting the new blossoms as they open from day to day. As a consequence, scarcely any blossoms set fruit, nearly all being destroyed by the treatment. One spraying, if well done, may be expected to destroy a large portion of the freshly-opened blossoms, and, thus thin the fruit. Such a result was in fact obtained in some of the experi- ments with apples in 1900, and with pears in 1901. In case there is a light bloom, it seems that spraying at a time when most of the blossoms are freshly opened, may cause the loss of a considerable portion of the crop. Some fruit-growers who have tried it have become convinced that spraying under such conditions has caused them very serious loss. In the experiments in which spray- ing in bloom has thinned the fruit, the amount of marketable fruit has not always decreased. Such results are similar to those obtained where 'the fruit has been thinned by hand. This suggests the practical question, whether the process of spraying plants in bloom may be used as an economical method of thinning the fruit. Our ex- periments on this point have not been carried far enough to give conclusive results. In our investigations we have tried to find out what effect the application of the ordinary spray mixtures to open blossoms has upon the blossoms and upon the crop of fruit. There is an- other phase of the subject which inter- ests the fruit-grower, and that is the extent to which bees and other insects are needed for cross-pollination in order to secure a good setting of fruit. It has been proven that with some va- rieties cross-pollination must occur be- fore any fruit can be formed. Others are fully capable of setting fruit with- out cross-pollination. Between these two extremes are found many imper- fectly self-sterile varieties, among which are all gradations between self- sterility and self-fertility, with corres- ponding independence of or depen- dence upon cross-pollination for the setting of fruit. Even some varieties which are classed as self-fertile, may produce better fruit when cross-polli- nated than when self-pollinated. Pollen is naturally distributed from one blossom to another by the agency of either winds or insects. Some kinds of pollen are easily distributed by winds ; others are not adapted to wind- distribution, but are easily carried by insects. Apple-pollen belongs to this- latter class. Whether or not the fruit- grower may secure better crops when insects aid in distributing the pollen, must be determined by learning the needs in this direction for each particu- lar variety of fruit which he grows. In case he is growing self-sterile or im- perfectly self-fertile varieties having pollen not readily distributed by winds, the poisoning of bees and other insects which visit the blossoms would work him injury. He then would have a common interest with the bee-keeper in preserving the lives of the insect visitors of the flowers. A considerable amount of work has been done for the purpose of determin- ing which ones among our cultivated varieties are self-fertile, and which are imperfectly self-fertile or self-sterile. At some experiment stations further investigations on this subject are in progress. Much yet remains to be done, however, in order that full and satisfactory information on this im- portant point may be available to the fruit-grower. Another question which is worthy of attention in relation to the subject of spraying in bloom is the eft'ect of fungi- cides upon bees. We have seen that if spraying in bloom results in an im- provement of the crop of apples, such improvement may come in part from protection against the attacks of the scab fungus, and in part from thinning the fruit. Neither Paris green nor any other recognized insect poison is needed to secure these results. They may be obtained by using Bordeaux mixture alone. It is desirable, there- fore, to know whether there is any dan- ger of poisoning bees by spraying blossoms with fungicides alone. It is worthy of remark in this connection, that in all of the extensive use of Bor- deaux mixture it has not )'et been known to poison insects. Finally, from what has been said, it appears that the desirability of spraying in bloom is a subject concerning which more infor- mation is needed in order to reach a decision which may be accepted by all Jan. 2, 1902 AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL as being- correct. Among- the ques- tions which should be investigated further are these : 1. May bees be poisoned by spraying open blossoms with l!ordeau.\ mixture or other fungicides not combined with any recognized insect poison ? 2. Does spraying just before and just after blooming give as good protection against injurious insects and diseases as a corresponding number of treat- ments, one of which is made during the blooming season ? 3. At what stage of blooming has the process of fertilization progressed so far as to escape danger from the ap- plication of spray mixtures? 4. What cultivated varieties may be expected to show improvement in fruit- production as a result of crosspoUina- tion secured through the agency of insect visitors ? The following conclusions must be accepted as now well estatjlished : 1. Bees may be poisoned by applica- tions of arsenical poisons to open blos- soms. The brood in the hive may like- wise be poisoned. 3. The application of ordinary spray mixtures to open blossoms may stop the further development of the blos- som, either through the corrosive action of the spray upon the pistil, or by pre- venting the germination of pollen on the stigmatic surface. 3. With apple and pear trees, having an abundance of blossoms, spraying once in the blooming season has thin- ned the fruit; spraying repeatedly, so as to hit the lilossoms as they opened from day to day, has practically de- stroyed the crop of fruit. 4. The productiveness of many of the varieties of fruit which are more or less self-sterile, is increased by cross- pollination secured through the visits of insects to the blossoms. S. A. Beach. (Continued next week.) }s,.is*Mi,js,js^ja,.is,ja,js,ja,:^^)t * The Afterthought. * The "Old Reliable" seen through New and Unreliable Glasses. By B. E. HASTY. Sta. B Rural, Toledo, O. AMTS AND BKES. Yes. Mr. Working, it's possible thiit ants may roll a qui'en- Cfll — may do worse, may grappli' and destroy a iiuceii. The number of species of ants are immense, and no two species alilve; so it won't do to judge of tlie whole by tlie species we may liappeu to liave l^nown. Perchance the ants we have known never ineddle with grain : hut there are ants that will carry it off by the bushel. The ants most of us have known are comparatively harmless to bees : but there are ants so ferocious tliat bees, unless effectively protected, can not survive near tbem at all. Bees show anger when multitudes (if little ants, too small to g-rapple with, get scattered among them in opening an ant-int'ested hive. And if ants abound, don't rub a bee-hive with anything that ants like, preparatory to liiving a swarm in it.- Myriads of the little nuisance will go right in : and the bees, if I mistake not, will go out. I may be wrong, but my impression is that ants, bulk for bulk, are much stronger than bees, so that when big enough to be grappled with they are always too strong to hi- handled. Also, they are very hard and smooth, and afford no flat surfaces, so that getting a sting into one of them is a practical impossi- bility, likely. Page CibO. THE UNIVERSAL NEED OF AN EDUCATION. Both parents and children the country over are still some- what infected with the pestilent idea that there is no use of very much education unless one is going to be a teacher or something in the professional line. Thanks to Prof. Cook for his attack on that idea, page 682. Specially need a rich education in order to lie comfortable while digging a ditch or breaking stone. I would also put in strongly : Education pro- longs life. Multitudes of people, scarcely old" yet. die of a mild, chronic wretchedness. Time and age have rendered the former routine of their lives impossible, and they have nothing to be interested in. Digestion cannot go on properly — we might almost say no other bodily function can go on properly — while the mind is in a state of wretchedness. The net re- sult is that the body deteriorates and ages more in one year than it would need to do in two years; and soon something trifling carries you to the grave. FEEDING BEES "GARDEN SASS.'" And so Louisiana wants to set his bees to eating vegetables. As the extreme South has no wintering trouble except starva- tion, teaching the bees to eat " garden sass " would be in the nature of a panacea. He finds they eat somewhat at baked sweet potatoes. Let. him feed 'em a big lot more — and then tell us instead of expecting us to teil him. Possibly the Cali- fornians can go him one lietter by feeding cooked sugar-beets. The Italians are already in the van by raising watermelon patches and feeding melons sliced on the ground. And Dr. Peiro — hut then he's no ■• garden sass.'" Page 712. TWO KINDS OF DRONES FROM ONE QUEEN. Two kinds of drones from the same mother is not exactly evidence in favor of absolute purity, we grant. I think it is very common, however — so common that such a cjueen is not called impure. We say instead that the Italian (not far back) is a mixed race, anyhow. Page 716. " HOAD-TRAI'" FOR HABBIT8. Iowa comes to the front with bad roads that serve the useful purpose of rabbit-trap. P.unnies think they can eet across to the other side and get awfully taken in. But — Iiicik out there 1 You'll get trapped, loo, if ynu don't exercl-ie i-aro in getting the game from the trap. About the first re- port we've had in favor of a clay road at its prettiest. Page 717. VKT(-II NOT A GOOD HONEY-PLANT. Glad to hear from the man who raised vetches by the acre for years — I. Hiller, Washington State. It seems that (like cowpeas) bees work on the steins, not on thi' flowers— but no surplus from that, not even results enough to stimulate brood- rearing. The consensus of a number of reports seems to be that it is rare to see a bee on the flower of the vetch. Page 717. CALIFORNIA VS. AU.STRALI.A. I am surprised at the Australian Bee-Bulletin for inquiring why California beats Australia in honey. Xext they'll be ask- ing why British Colonial government isn't so good as American State government. Page 71b. THOSE STONE SHADE-BOARDS. Stone shade-boards ! And they're pretty, and well liked, and only cost a few cents each. If Jlr. A. E. Willcutt will cut us all a supply and arrange to send them by mail, we'll propose him three cheers. Pages 722 and 727. SOME "LONG smellers'' IN OHIO. Why, Mr. York, you ought to be willing to credit the bees with longer ••smellers" than we'uns have. When Wood County oil and gas was in its prime W(> often smelled it unmis- takably plain and strong 3t) mill's away. We are due north, so only an occasional turn of the soft south wind would bring it. On one or more occasions I waked up in the night and smelled it without going out-of-doors. As a matter of an opin- ion I am well persuaded that, on just such a moist and gentle south wind, and at morn, before the currents of the day have got started up, bees could smell a forest of basswood in bloom much more than 30 miles — many times over as far as they could afford to go to it. Page 7 2-1. A MINIMUM OF UNFINISHED SECTIONS. On page 727, Mr. Doolittle writes well on the minimum of unfinished sections. For years I have had very little trouble from that source. Wonder if it's locality, or strain, or kind of super. It is certainly not any fussing on my part to prevent it — and I think that locality plays on the wrong side. Strain and style remain : and I guess it's both combined. Good hybrids of long standing, and the (now unusual) two- story wide-frame. Four bait-sections all in one frame — two above and two below — and that frami' put to the warm side of the middle. Always 40 or -IS sections put on at once. Notice: Let no beginner copy at wholesale till he asks his bees whether they like that sort of thing. Mine do. In a poor, lean field, which, nevertheless, has possiliilities all the season long, it's just the lazy man's hallelujah arraugi'ment — put it on in June and take it oft' in November. BREEDING FRO.M THE BEST. Dr. Miller's answer to South Carolina on page 729 is right. (Breed from both.) But still, if you have excellent bees, and are trying to make them better, the longer line of unbroken excellence yon can get the more hopeful the last queen ought to be as a breeder. This on general principles — not drawn from any particular set of casts. 10 AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 2, 1902 \ Questions and Answers. CONDUCTKD BY DR. C. C. MILLBR. Mairenso, Ul. (The Qneations may be mailed to the Bee Jonrnal ofBce, or to Dr. Miller direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the Doctor to send answers by mail. — Editor.1 Clarifying Beeswax. Some foundation I bought two years ago I have melted and sold as wax, not having need for more foundation ; but this does not have the golden yellow appearance as wax which it had as foundation, and which the purchaser of the wax insists it must have, or cut the price heavily. It was strained through muslin when melted; it is not dirty, but has a very cloud.v appearance. I have seen reference to the tise of sulphuric acid for producing the golden yellow color, but I tried it and it made the color worse than before, and the wax was inclined to be meally and crumble easily. Iowa. AxswKR. — Try cooling it slowly. If you have not had much experience with beeswax it is possible that when you have it melted you allow it to cool very rapidly. The result is that the particles of impurity have not time to settle, and are frozen in wherever they happen to be, giving a more or less dirty and cloudy appearance. While the wax is very hot, there will be more or less movement among the parti- cles, somewhat after the nature of boiling, and there will be no settling of impurities so long as it is in this condition. After it becomes cool enough so there is no movement akin to boiling among the particles, try to keep it in this liquid condition a long time, and by the time it begins to assume the solid condition the particles of impurity will have had time to settle. A small quantity is harder to manage than a larger quantity. If the quantity is small, you can help matters by having water in the vessel vpith the wax, for a gallon of water with a gallon of wax will stay hot longer than the gallon of wax alone. Let the wax stand on the stove and let the fire die out in the evening, and in the morning you may find it clarified. Keeping the wax covered will keep it hot longer. If the quantity is small enough, a good place to put it is in the oven of a cook-stove just before the fire dies out in the evening. Put the stove-handle in the oven and shut the oven door. Hunting the stove-handle in the morning will help to keep you from forgetting to take out the wax. Long-Tongued Bees-Mating in Confinement German Bees vs. Other Races. Blacli or 1. Have the expectations of those who purchased i' i'i;lii!l. Ill llic lioui- wlicn Mm lilild ('liilil, too yommtoiuaku its wants Known, lii'M KiillVnnjr, its little I'licc drawn willi .■i:j(iny, in tlic lioiii' when the yood wilV worn and liiid, needs an linn to lean on ; at all sneli times, when tile cidlin.n' ol' ii doctor means a danjreroiis delay, besides Rreal sull'erin.n' and a heavy bill, lliero is uotliinj;' else so i^ood as a bottle ol' WATKINS' VegetabSe Anodyne Liniment. W'c ivcuivu muuhcrlfss IrttiTs likr tliusu: SAVED THE CHILDREN. ClakaCity. Minn., June 14. \'.m. \Vn liiid tlvp ell tlihfn sick with ill|>l>tlit*i-la last winter and niii li th.iii all tliroiik'Ii ill i"ie week without any doctor. Wnll^lm \ fU«^'l»l»l*^' AimmI.\ lie Liiilmi'iit sliuuUI boused nt once ns s<>i>ii n nn\ svrtintoms tippfiir. Wt- ini.xed two tea«pnonfiiIs of \\'iii kin I,iniiiii-nt witli two of vini'tJiir at'd one of suit. Hum- siim- nl (h niixturo oiit-'u an liuur ulso rubbud the Linlniuiit on iiiil--ldr ol im'.I OTTU rioi'Kic. HORSES WOULD HAVE DIED. SmrsiiKWAXA, Ind.. June 18. 1901. I hnvr usf>d WntkluH* Veicftnbli' AuMil^iU' Lliilnifiit tor uli ycin -i iind lliid it the best remedy tor vt»\lv In liorii-H 1 ever k I sii\'rd two horsfs with it that would have dl'd. ('uiimd si lii^'lily L-iiuut'li of it. 4 HENltY CATTO.N. Tlie best, thing made for Cholera Morbus, diarrhea, flux, riu'uniatism, cuts, cramps, strains, burus, colic, niunips, sure throat, lUphtheria. frosted limbs, etc. For horses ami cattle it cures sprains, cuts, scrateiies. bruises, sweeny, colic, etc. Of course when you read this advertisement you may not fpol the need, but the need of it may arise at any moment iif ilit'day or uipht, and then its worth cannot be counted ill 1 1 'liars and cents. Order it the next time our agent calls, ill- if we li;ive no a;rent in your county, send us your name and mldress at once, and we will see that yt>u are supplied. FREE! FREE! FREE! We semi out a beautiful WO patre illustrated Home Doctor and Cook IJook absolutely tree, and want to place your name on 1 u. inebt. from > our view poiut. Sent any where for lUc. UcUuble Iiic-b. A: ISrtlr. Cu.,lfo:k B £ , (|uiuey,lUo FREE FOR A MONTH .... If you are interested in Sheep in any way you cannot afford to be without the best Sheep Paper published in the United States. %Vool Markets and Sheep has a hobby which is the sheep-breeder and his industry, first,foremost and all the time. Are you Interested ? Write to-day. WOOL MARKETS AND SHEEP. CHICAGO, ILL Please mention Bee Journal v.-iiea writing If you want the Bee-Book That covers the whole Apicultural Field more completely than any other published, send f 1.25 to Prof. A, J. Cook.Claremont, Cal., FOR HIS " Bee=Keeper's Guide." Liberal Discounts to the Trade. Please mention Bee Journal when writing. iplflBEEDOM BOILEI^ Ilia laO-T^.;- -^ ■>-wi'^^ Sulphuric Acid to Cleanse Beeswax. Asked tt8 to Uie Htrentctli noccleil, filcanings in Hee-Culture says; SonictiirieB a .l-pcrcent solution will do the work; I lu-ii us Ktronir us is rei|uired. That is lo sii.v, one piirt raw acid (o 10 parts water: liiit if tlic wax is very dirty or lilaek you may r(*(|uire to use as liitjii as 25 percent. Use a<'id i-noutrli to Bi't llie yellow color. It is cheap; lliid wlieii you have secured the proper color you liiii iiiiil< cent more per pound than Alfalfa prices, ffr Cash must accompany each order. You can order half of each kind of ^ honey, if you so desire. The cans are two in a box, and freight is not ^| prepaid. ^ Order the Above Honey and then Sell It. >: We would suggest that those bee-keepers who did not produce ^! ' enough honey for their home demand this year, just order some of the ^ I above, and sell it. And others, who want to earn some money, can get £; this honey and work up a demand for it almost anj'where. ^'. :^ QEORQE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, III. S'. HEADQUARTERS FOR Bee=Supplies. ROOT'S GOODS AT THEIR FACTORY PRICES. Distributor of same for THE SOUTH, TEN. NESSEE, KENTUCKY, WEST VIR- GINIA, ILLINOIS and OHIO. Complete stock for 1902 now on hand. The freights from Cincinnati are the lowest. Prompt service is what I practice. Sat- isfaction guaranteed. Catalog mailed free — send for same. The Standard Honey-Jars, Langstroth Hives, etc., at lowest prices. You will save money by bujing from "e. c. H. W. WEBER, 2146-214.S Central Ave.. CINCINNATI, riHIO. Successor to Chas. F.Muth & Son and A. Muth. Please mention Bee Journal when writing advertisers. Schley Didn't Need ;iin vindicaticin: nor dof^w PiiuM Fnncp. TliP \vlir>l( truth iii^v 1'^ told ^^i eitli'T without iniurintz tlicm. ^'\^iK noVK.N writK kkm'kco., Arn:uN..>M(ii. Please mention Bee Journal -when -writing GREIDER'S FINE CATALOGUE of piize winninff poultry for 1902, prinlen silver or smmps lor tbiB not«dbook. It. II. i;KKIl>KK, Florin. To. 51D8t Mention the American Bee Journal. POULTRY PAPER. Send 25 cents for a year's subscription to our Journal, and we will send book, Plans for Poultry-Houses, free. Six mouths trial subscrip- tion to Journal, 10 cents. Inland Poultry Journal, Indianapolis, Ind 29Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal. STRONGEST Bull. Chicken- S'lliI to the Fiirnierat Wholcsiilo Fully Wnrninled. Catalog Free. UakrirfyM C C M ft F f ^J^°^ wtusaau r Cllllb ■ f^P,^- WlVAIMMUri COUJ^D SPRI.VO FENCK CO. Box H'J frincbeHter, IndiaDa, U. S, pass against a third person who cuts the tree and takes possession of them on a subsetjuent license from the owner of the soil. The two licensees stand on an equal footing; and he who first lakes possession becomes the owner. — Ferguson vs. Miller, 1 Cow. (New York), 343. This ca^e has been commented on adversely, and critics say it is bad law. The better law on this point is promulgated by the Vermont Supreme Court in Adams vs. Burton, 43 Ver- mont. 36, where it is held that one who has obtained a tacit consent from the owner of the soil to cut down a bee-tree thereon, and get the honey, has, while in the act of cutting down the tree, a superior right over a third person to whom the owner has given subse- quent consent, but without revoking the former's authority. The court said : "These parties stand, as between themselves and as respects the legal principles applicable to the case, in precisely the same position as though neither had any authority from the owner of the tree, and both were trespassers upon his rights, or as though there were no individual owner of the tree. How, then, would the case stand ? No principle is better settled than that a person in possession of property can maintain trespass against any one who interferes with such possession who can not show a better right or title." With regard to swarms not wild, but issu- ing from colonies in the possession of a bee- keeper, Mr. Fisher says : If bees temporarily escape from the hive of the owner, who keeps tliem in sight, and marks the tree into which they enter, and is otherwise able to identify them, they belong to him, and not to the owner of the soil. In such a case the property draws after it pos- session sufficient to enable the owner of the bees to maintain trespass and recover dam- ages against a third person who fells the tree, destroys the bees, and takes the honey, not- withstanding such owner himself is liable to trespass for entering on the land of another for a similar purpose without authority. The right of ownership continues; and, though he can not pursue and take them without being liable to trespass, still this ditticulty does not operate as an abandonment of the bees to their liberty by nature. Hence, the dictum that " Wif otfixf /• uf t/ie sui! is entitled to the tree and all within it" is true only so far asrepects an unreclaimed swarm. 47Dtf Please mention the Bee Journal. A Kink in Queen-Rearing. A little kink I got this year for rearing ([ueens early in the season and late in the fall, when bees will do really good work in any other way, was this: Remove the old i1m) Hikli'iy luiiii''>i I'ltiiiitx 'it.ri;ri'rruifiit«'(l wuTcr ri-^. Ill lliM li(-Hthyhti-ni of li4)nt> iiit; iukI vfiillliitiiin iH wliiit makeit llliefiiire lliilili Iiiiiibutorn liaUliMir.-. iiMiiitii Wfii«o Hr«iMl«'r«» tiiki.'n<"i'l '-nra lilI.'ilil.kM. OiirfniTnUl /mscoiiKilriH hiin- iIh »t niliml [iliotoyTiiiiUii of tlio Suro I Inrdi al ivorknii.M'.fnlli-f li<.nt»t iH^-'Hi-y l"f'"""» "" ^' " ""i;''H" ''«vo It I.. 1 lit tin-l It (■■ \ "U. WniB nl t>im-. ii'Mniwliiif in-nri-"( \u.,t*t. Sare Hatcb lDcubatorCo.,Clay Ccnter.NebMorColuuibus.O. Please mention Bee Journal when -writlnj^ DO YOU READ -THIC- Modern Farmer If not, why not ? You jret it a whole year for 25 cents. Your money back, if not satisfied. Sample Copy Free. (iet two of your farmer friends to take it a year, send us SO cents, and get yours free. Send their names for sam- ples. Address, MODERN FARMER, 9Ctf ST. JOSEPH, MO. Please mention Bee Journal ■when ■writing. Tlie American Poultry Journal 325 Dearborn Street, Chicago, III. A loilf Mfll ^^^^ '^ over a quarter of a r^ UV^Ui ii rtr pipe heating sysifm. A' patent safety l.imp and nurs- i^-^ e»y. Our $10 proposition. K I arfte size, on free tri&j. "^ Write at once for tree book- , 1ft, or senj 10 cents for bnok and a leading poutlry paper for one vear. Httwli'pyp lneuhotor<«.l>pp 17.\"eiT(nn,Ia, Please mention Bee Journal wuen writing. II M^ In flat and made up— at very low price, {vti SOCtf O. C. MASTIN, Trent, S. D. flease mention Bee journal when writing. The Rural Californian Tells all .ibout Bees in California. The yields and Price of Honey; the Pasturag-e and Nectar- ProdnciHg- Plants; the Bee-Ranches and how they are conducted. In fact the entire field is fully covered by an expert bee-man. Besides this the paper also tells vou all about California Ag-riculture and Horticulture. $1.00 per year; 6 mouths, 50 cents. Sample copies, 10 cents. THE RURAL CALIFORNIAN, 218 North Main Street, - Los Angeles, Cal. •-'"?se mention Bee Jotimal when wntina BARNES' FOOT POWER JflACHIRERY — 1^^. i*^>«— T Read what J. I. Pare.vt, of Charlton, N. Y., says; " We cut with one of your Com- bined Machines, last winter, 50 chaff hives with 7-in. cap, 100 honey racks, 500 brood- frames, 2,000 honev boxes, and a ?reat deal of other work. This winter we have double the amount of bee-hives, etc., to make, and we expect to do it with this Saw. It will do all you say it will." Catalog- and price-list free. Address, W. K. & John Barnes, 995 Ruby St., Rockford, 111. Please mention Bee Journal when wrltme haniUiil, all from \\w niinui c|iMien, [ ni-.WT yi!l liiivi' Hcen ii iiiiifonii iiiirnlior of ImnilH from liny ori" i|iiiM'niif tlwi e.vlrtt-ycllow nlofk. — (JliMiniiii^H in Ho(;-<_'ultiire. Good Year for Bees. Tills lias biHMi a ;;oo(I yriir- hen* for ticcs anil honey. Most of tlu; lioiioy lias hccii liirlit, very little dark lioney in my croii. My bees averafXeti over llH) poiiiuls to the eolony, aiul I have disposctl of almost all of it at a t^ood price in tlie horm^ market. M. Best. Lucas Co.. Ohio, Dee. I(i. A California Report. My crop from l^tj oolonles (in fair condi- tion) was 22,514 pounds of extracted honey, with an liiereuse of 10 colonies. I now have 2tW eolouies. I make my increase in the valley out of a low grade of lioney. I keep down increase in tlie mountains by ^Ivinj^ room and ventilation. My crop sold in the retail way at h to 7 cents a pound. S. y. CONKLE. Orange Co., Calif., Dec. 3. Report for 1901. My bees did well the past season, yielding an average of about 70 pounds of comb honey per colony. H. G. Wykoff. Warren Co., Iowa, Dec. 12. Results of the Past Season. Last spring I had 30 colonies of bees, and I secured lUlO pounds of comb honey and 12U0 pounds of extracted, besides increasing to 49 colonies. JonN Eenigenburg. Cook Co., 111., Dec. 15. Not a Good Season for Bees. I met with a bad accident a little over a year ago. My horse ran away and I broke my hip at the joint. I can not walk a step without crutches. The surgeon tells me that I can walk pretty well in auother year, but I am afraid he is mistaken, as it has been over a year since it was broken, and I can not step on it yet. I have to hire a man to take care of my bees. I put 50 colonies, apparently in good order, into the cellar Dec. 4. The ])ast was not a very good season for honey here, being too dry. I had about 1300 pounds of nice honey, which sold at 12 cents per pound. I like the American Bee Journal very much, and don't want to do without it as long as I keep bees. W. L. Mitchell. Whiteside Co., 111., Dec. 14. Bees Did Well. My bees did well this year for this part of the country. I have about 110 colonies, and had a little over three tons of honey in one- pound sections. Two eolouies produced a little over 200 pounds each. Wm. M. Dick. Ford Co., 111., Dec. 14. First Summer With Bees. This is my first summer with bees: I got plenty of stings, but no honey. I also had some experience with transferring and rob- bing. I have three colonies of bees, the third being very late, and reared a good deal of brood in September and October. -I thought tbej' must be fed, so I made sugar syrup and fed it in a Boardmau feeder, placing the feeder in the center of the entrance. This left space on both sides of the feeder, and it wasn't ver}' long before the other two colonies were rob- bing the feeder, and the hive, too. Altliough Snoring Stopped W J *^4l«F prevented and cause •r ■ by a n(jat and simple device which aiTord*; no inconvenience to user. Failure Is Impossible. It also prevents sleeping with open, moutK, which habit ruins so many throats and vocal cords and in many cases brink's on diseases of nose, throat andlunk's. NO MEDICINE. Correspondence confidential in plain sealed envelope. Address, SNOR.Q-DONT, A- 23 H2 Monroe St.. Chicago, III. Please 'nention Bee Journal ■when ■writing. CYPHERS INCUBATOR World's Standard Hatcher. ' I'm'U on ~'G (idv, Kxi)erimentStatinDS. in \J. S., Canada, Australia and New Zealand; also hy America's leading poultryinen and thousands of others, (lnar.'intefd tu ^jive sati si action or j)ri('erctunded. Tlie Orleliial anJ Only Genuine Non-Moisture Incubator, fully covered by patent. Gold Medal and highestaward at I'an-Anieriean. October. \Wl. Illustrated 32-pape cir- culiir Iri'i?, d>ini>lett' tatalML'Mc. VM'< pag-es. 8x11 inches, niaiied for lUcents. Ask ru-iiri'st oilirt- tor book No. &0. < YIMIKICN INCl'H.VTtHf (OMPANY, BafTnlo, N.Y., tblcai;o, lil., But.tua, dla^s., .New York, N'. Y. flease mention Bee Journal ■when ■writing. GOOD SEEDS C H EL A P ^ Best in ihe World. None so low in price. Larsest illustrated j seed cat.ilogue ever printed, FREE. En- 1 I graving of every variety. Price only ll cent per pkg, and up. A lot of extra I I packages, rare sorts, presented FREE ' with every order. Send name and address by card or letter. LR. H. SHUMWAY, Rockford, Illinois. Please mention Bee Journal ■when ■writing. 200'Egg Incubator for $ 1 2-80 Perfect in construction and action. Hatches every fertile epF. Write for catalogue to-day. GEO. H. STAHL.Quincy.lll. 45A20t Mention tbe American Bee Journal. f allfrtfriia I It you care to know of its ^ctlllUrilld 1 Fruits, Flowers, Climate or Resources, send for a sample copj of Call. fomia's Favorite Paper — The Pacific Rural Press, The leading Horticultural and Agricultural paper of the Pacific Coast. Published weekly, handsomely illustrated, $2.00 per annum. Sam- ple copy free. PACIFIC RURAL PRESS, 330 Market Street, - San Francisco, Cal Please tueution Bee Journal when writing Advertisers. 14 AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL Jan. 2, 19C2. The Novelty Pocket= Knife. Vour Name and Address on one side — Three Bees on the other side. HOWARD M. MELBEEp HONEYVILLE, O. [This Cut is tiik i-'ULi^ Size of the Knife.] Your Name on the Knife.— Wheo oiderlug-, be sure to say just what name and address you wish put on the Knite. The Novelty Knife is indeed a novelty The novelty lies in the handle. It is made beautifully of indestructible celluloid, which is as transparent as g-lass. Un- derneath the celluloid, on one side of the handle is placed the name and residence of the subscriber, and on the other side pictures of a Queen, Drone, and Worker, as shown here. The Material entering- into this celebrated knife is of the rery best quality; the blades are hand-forged out of the very finest English razor-steel, and we war- rant every blade. The bolsters are made of German silver, and will never rust or corrode. The rivets are hardened German silver wire; the linings are plate brass; the back springs of Sheffield spring-steel, and the finish of the handle as described above. It will last a last-time, with proper usage. Why Own the Novelty Knife ? In case a good knife is lost, the chances are the owner will never recover it; but if the " Novelty " is lost, having name and address of owner, the finder will return it; otherwise to try to destroy the name and ad- dress, would destroy the knife. If traveling, and you meet with a serious accident, and are so for. tunate as to have one of the " Novelties," your Pocket-Knife will serve as an identifier; and in case of death, your relatives will at once be notified of the accident. How appropriate this knife is for a present! What more lasting memento could a mother give to a son, a wife to a husband, a sister to a brother, or a ladv to a gentleman, the knife having the name of the recipient on one side? The accompanying cu' gi ves a faint idea, but cannot fully convey an exact representation of this,beautiful knife, as the " Novelty " must be seen to be appreciated. How to Get this Valuable Knife.— We send it postpaid for $1.25, or give it as a Premium to the one sending us \ hkee new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $.^00.) We will club the Novelty Knife and the Bee Journal for one year, both for $1.90. GEORGE W, YORK L CO, St., Chicago, 111. *S*Please alloT^ ■•bout two weeks for your knife order to be lilieo. Dittmer's Foundation ! Retail— Wholesale— Jobbing. I use a PROCESS that produces EVERY ESSENTIAL necessary to make it the BEST and MOST desirable in all respects. My PRO- CESS and AUTOMATIC MACHINES are my own inventions, which enable me to SELL FOUNDATION and Work fax Into Fonnilatioii For Casli at prices that are the lowest. Catalog giving Full Line of Supplies, with prices and samples, tree on application BEESWAX WANTED. GUS, DITTMER, Augusta, Wis, Please mention Bee journal when ■writing BEE-SUPPLIEST^ Alannfacturers' prices. Complete stock. Sen for our catalog. FRED. W. MUTH & CO. S.W.Cor. Front i Walnut Sts. CINCINNATI, 0. The Handsomest Calendar of the season (in ten colors) sis beauti- ful heads (on six sheets, 10x12 inches), reproductions of paintings by Moran, issued by General Passenger Depart- ment, Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, will be sent on receipt of twenty-five cents. Address, F. A. Miller, General Passenger Agent, Chi- cago. 51A3t A Cool Million of Snowy Wisconsin Sections AND l.ooo BEE-MIVES ready for shipment. Send for circular. R, H. SCHMIDT & CO., lAot SUEBOYGAN, WIS. J^ease mentioii Bee Journal when 'writing with the "incompftralilH' BORDEAUX NOZZLE^ md oar world V beHl outfit you are a1 k luta mnBt<;r of the Hituatlon. Insects anii di3-l leas« fall before this all confjuerioE outflt.J^ ■ See the book. It Is free. Write for il nnw.v I THE HEMINO CO., SALFH, OHIO. ft ' We8t«rn Agts., Henioo & Hubbell, Chicago, i, 4'>A13t Please mention the Bee Journal. A New Game. — A new ffuessinf? game is to show some illustration, or give a name either of them made familiar through adver- tising, and guess who uses the illustration, or what line of goods is handled by the adver- tiser named. If one were to mention the name Shumway, almost every one would say at once, " Seeds," so thoroughly have the two been advertised for more than 30 years. Mr. Shnmway's announcement appears else- where in this issue, and is headed. "■ Good Seeds Cheap." It contains a special offer, and mentions his new catalog. Write for it to-day. Address. R. H. Shumway, Rockford, 111., and please mention this paper. Handy Farm Wagons mai:e the work easier for liMtli the man ami team. The tires heint' \vi(le Ihey d jteut into the irruiiiKi ; the labor of loadintr is reduced manv times. hecatise of the short lift. The.v are etiuipped with «inr fam- ous Klcetrlc Steel Wheel*, eitherstraiirht iirstaL,'- trer spolies. Wheels any height from :it loCu irit-hes. White hickory axles, steel iiotinds. ( inn nintfcil to carry 4000 I lis. Why not ^et started littlil liv jinttiiiu' in one of these wafons. We make tnii- steel wlieels to tit any wat'on. Write for the catalog. Itistree. ELECTRIC WHEEL CO., BOX 16, QtlNCV, ILL. Please mention Bee Journal ■when ■writing: I contracted the hive-entrance so that only one bee could enter at a lime, there was no fifjhting, and the hive was soon empty. I fed asain, and the robbery was repeated, so I piled hay in front of the hive and fed under this: but the bees crawled ri^ht into the hay. I then poured several pails of water over the hay, and the trouble ceased. After this I fed >!2.00 worth of sugar. The two colonies had their combs full. Tlie third colony got rather slow about carrying it in, so I think they have enough for winter. I feci this sugar in the open. I have received the Emerson binder, and must say that it is the best way to get the full worth of the .Journal ; easy to refer back and find articles which you lieed just now and don't quite remember. I have a fullshectof lined paper in the back of my binder, in which I keep a memorandum of articles that I will need later on. Theodore Fluegge. Dupage Co., 111., Dec. 16. Hone,y-Loeust. I enclose some leaves and a blossom for naming. The bark is very smooth, and the tree has a fine foliage. Frogs and toads can be found in creeks, springs, old wells, and in crab-holes near marshes. They sometimes freeze, which makes them Ijlind, or partly so. A fish may be frozen as hard as a stick, but will swim after being in water awhile, but the eyes are damaged. I am much pleased with tlie American Bee .Journal. F. DuR.\NT. Winnebago Co., Wis., Dec. 12. [The specimen sent for identification is the honey-locust — Gleditschia triaeanthos — and, belongs to the Leguiiiinosiv family. Prof. Cook, in the Bee-Keepers' Guide, page 363, calls attention to the honey-locust as an ex- cellent nectar-producing plant, along with others of the same family. These plants blossom early in the year, in May and June, and the bees produce a fair quality of honey- from them. — C. L. W.ii.TON.] Bees Flying— No Snow. The ground is bare and no frost in it. The- last few days the temperature has stood at 5.> and 60 degrees, and my bees are flying. We have not liad snow enough yet to track a cat. To be sure, all through November it was very cold. For the last two years we have not had snow enough to go sleighing. Henrt M. Bartlett. Plymouth Co., Mass., Dec. 14. Enjoys Her Bees. I enjoy the pictures of the apiaries, and will try to send one of my apiary. My bees are in good order, and well packed for winter. I have them on the summer stands with blan- kets over the brood-combs instead of the gum-cloth, and bags of open canvas tilled with dry leaves on ttie blankets. I have never lost a colony from cold. My bees are a great pleasure to me. Mrs. E. G. Bradford. Newcastle Co., Dela., Dec. 10. Eaply Winter is Warm. The weather is (|uite warm to-day, and bee& are fiying. If the winter continues this way there will be no loss of bees from freezing, that's positive, but when we have a warm, open winter we also have a jjoor season for honey the following summer. W. W. McNeal. Scioto Co., Ohio, Dec. 13. Did Well Witli Bees. I have done remarkably well with my bees, this year, and am satisfied with the results of the season, 40 pounds to the colony being my average. I have sold all I had to spare right here in my home market for 15 cents per sec- tion. I do not produce any other kind of honey. When my customers buy the sections. Jan. 2, l')l)2. AMERICAN BEE JOUPN*Jl, 15 ilirwt. from tliu liivos, tliuy Uniiw tliey iiru >;i!Min(; piiir liiuicy, unci no iniiilaUe. I wiiiilil iiol li(^ wilhoul, the Anici'lean Beo, Jouniiil lor llirdc Mini'B its cost. I ahviiys hail with ik^litclil. lis wui'lily visits, unit i;nii- orally rend il tlirout;!! from lictjinninir to imuI before I sto]), anil Ihuii ro-reud it in u day or two. K. I*. Davis. Lamar Co., Tivv., I)(v. II. Not a Glowing Report. My report is not very ^;Iowin^f tliis season. From ;t'-' eolonies I t,'ot r.Ml pounds ot scetion honey and -l"> swarms, wliieli nniUes 77 colo- nies to pnt into liie liec-eellar. I ani Imping for a better season next year. There was a great amount of bloom but no honey in it. Fll.VNK K. Knaim'. Wadena Co., Minn., Nov. SI. A California Interview. I saw a keeper of bees from the hills the other day who was much dieeouray:ed at the low price of honey. lie can't afford to keep posted by tak hi},' a bee-paper. Don't Ije dis- couraged yet, fellow bee-keeper; wait for the New i'ork bee-disease. '• Why, what, what is that i" Black brood, of course, '• Never heard of it." Why, it spreads taster than foul brood. Foul-brood germs are mostly carried in honey, wax, hive-parts, etc., while black-brood germs are supposed to go miles in the very nectar-yielding flowers. "Holy smoke; if it ever gets out herein California it will ruin us. Raise the price of sage honey, sure pop." E. Aiiciiibali). Los Angeles Co., Calif., Dec. 9. WHAT OUR PATRONS SAY Oet [SO Chi rks from .')0 etrtrs often. I HATCH EVERY GOOD EGG EVERY TIME. 50 Egg Size $5 %'^tf!l I Never tietscut of order. Needs i latiiight. Kegulales perfectly. Hest oa earth. Uprinefleld, OUo. THE- The Bee-Keeper's Guide; Or, Jflaniial ol the Apiary, BY PROE A- J, COOK, 460 Pages-ieth (1899) Edition— 18 th Thou- sand—$1.25 postpaid. A description of the book here is quite unnec- essary—it is simply the most complete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully Illustrated, and all written in the most fasciuat- ng^ style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction. No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, without The Bee-Keepers' Guide. This 16th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, in neat and sub- stantial cloth binding, we propose to GIVE awat to our present subscribers, for the work of g'et- tlng NEW subscribers for the American Bee Journal. Given tor TWO New Subscribers. The following offer is made to present sub- scribers only, and no premium is also given to the two new subscribers — simply the Bee Jour- nal for one year: Send us two new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy of Prof. Cook's book FREE as a premium. Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club It with the Bee Journal for a year— both for only fl.75. But surely anybody can get only TWO NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let every body try for it. Will YOU have one ? GEORGE W. YORK & CO., 144 & 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO, ILL- CONVENTION NOTICES. ninneHotu. The Southern MinncHota Bec- Kceperh' AHRociaticjii will hold ilH next annual Cdiiveiitidii in Uie Coviiily ConimisKionerH' room at Uie Court tliiuse in Winona, Jan. Zl and 22. A good program has been arranged, and a larifi; attendance is expected. All are invited. E. U. Hn-iMAN. Wisconsin —The Wisconsin State Bee-Keep- ers' Association will hold itH annjal convention In the Stale Capitol, at Madison, Feb. .^ and *., l'*(i>. This promises to be a large convention. All are invited to attend. There will be excur- sion rales of 1 ', fare for the round-trip, g^ood for all of the first week in February. N. K. Fkancf., Pres. Ada L. Pickard, Sec. California.— The California State Bee-Keepers' Association will hold its annual convention iu the Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles, Jan. 15 and Id, Uki2. We will try to have a good pro- gram. Come and exchange your bright ideas with your neighbors, and get some of the moss rubbed off your back, J. F. McIntvkk, Sec. C. S. Stubulkfield, Pres. SWEET CLOVER And Several Other Clover Seeds. We have made arraosfements so that we can furnish Seed of several of the Clovers by freight or express, at the following prices, cash with the order: Sits lOBs 2SHS SO!* Sweet Clover (white) $.75 $1.20 $2.J0 $4.50 Sweet Clover (yellow) 90 1.70 4.00 7.50 Alsike Clover 90 1.70 3.75 7.00 WhiteClover 1.00 1.90 4.50 8.S0 Alfalfa Clover 80 1.40 3.25 6.00 Prices subject to market changes. Single pound 5 cents more than the S-pound rate, and 10 cents extra for postage and sack. Add 25 cents to your order, for cartage, if wanted by freight, or 10 cents > if wanted by mail. GEORGE W. YORK & CO. 144 & 146 Erie Street, - CHICAGO, ILL. Gonit) and E,x- iraGtedtioneu! Slate price, kind and quantity. R. A. BURNETT & CO.. 190 S. Water St.. Chicago 33Atf Please mention the Bee Journal. Wanted — Honey. Car Lots or otherwise; will pay hifrhest mar- ket price, spot cash. Address, stating quantity, quality, and price desired at your station. Will send man to receive when lot is large enough to justify. THOS. C. STANLEY & SON, 31Atf Fairfield, III. Please mention Bee Jotirnal when ■writing Comb Honey and Bees- wax. State price de- livered in Cincinnati. G. H.W.WEBER, 43Atf 2146-2148 Central Ave., Cincinnati, O. Please mention Bee Journal "when 'writing. 1901 — Bee-Keepers' Supplies I We can furnish you with The A. I. Root Go's goods at wholesale or retail at their prices. We can save you freight, and ship promptly. Market price Said lor beeswax. Send for our liMn catalog. [. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Wayne Co.. Mich Please m,ention Bee Journal -whexi -writins. regarding the oldes and most improved and original Bingham Bee-Smoker For 23 Yeaks the Best on Earth. 25Atf T. F. BINGHAM. Farwell, Mich. Please mention Bee Journal ■when ■writing- ** Snor-o-(lont " is a new device to pre- vent people (not poultry) from sleeping with open mouths. Sleeping with open mouth is the.A'r.sf cause of a large percentage of all nose, throat and lung troubles. It can be prevented only by some mechanical agency. Snor-o-dont does it completely, and stops all snoring instantly. Read the advertisement. Send for circulars tiftifif. fi/. >K .«!1< >fe >t< .»!< .">K .'Kstet* I fiONE>y AND BEESWAX 5 :^>?^ >;^ >j^^ >^• >Tf >?f >j*' >?*• >pr >^ >^ ^ MARKET QUOTATIONS. Chicago, Dec. 2).— The honey market in of a slow nature with little change in price of any (^>t the gradeR. Choice gradeH of white comb honey, 1-mr^l.Sc: good to No. 1, 13^r<*14c; light ambers, 12!4ftil3c; dark gradL-s, including buck- wheat, lOf" 12c. Extracted, white, S'Affplc; am- ber, 5''«(^5'tc; dark, 5'".S!^c; the scale of prrces varying according lo flavor, body and package. Beeswax steady at 2mc. R. A. BuknbttA Co. New York, Dec. 19.— Corah honey continueHio be in good demand, and while the market \h not overstocked, arrivals of white honey are sufli- cienlly large to meet the demand, while buck- wheat is rather scarce. We quote: t^ancy white, 15c; No. 1, 14c; No. 2, 12f'i>i3c; and buckwheat, from lOr" 12c. Extracted remains dull and in- active with plenty of supply of all kinds. In order to move round lots, it is even necessary to shade the ([uotatrous, which are: White,6^"054c; amber, 5H'"''^c'; dark, 5'a(5l^c; Southern, ?5(q>f,(}c gallon, according to quality. Beeswax firm at 2MC. HiLDRBTH & SBOBLKBN. Cincinnati, Dec. 20.— The honey market ia rather dull on account of the wa/m weather. Extracted sells only to manufacturers from 5Cat6c; better grades alfalfa water-white from 6(g>7c; white clover from Mf&jOc. Fancy white comb honey sells from 13J^^15!^c. C. H. W. Weber. Albany, N. Y., Dec. 20.— Honey in good de mand now, as this is the most satisfactory time to sell. Groceryraen are stocking up and will buy lines, when late they only buy enough ta piece out. Fancy white comb, ISralOc; mixed, 14(a*l5c; buckwheat, 12tol3c. Extracted, white,. bj4(ail%c; mixed, (.raj(,>4c. H.R.Wright. Omaha, Dec. 20 — New comb honey is arriving by express in small quantities from Iowa and Colorado, and selling at $3 5o per case in a re- tail way. California extracted honey is being offered carlots at 4M@4?^c per pound, f.o.b. Cal- ifornia shipping-points, but we have not heard of any sales having been made thus far. The production of extracted honey seems to be quite large this year in Colorado, Utah and Califor- nia. Pevcke Bros. Boston, Dec. 20.— The demand for honey is easing up, somewhat due in part to the holiday season at which time it is much neglected. Our market at the present time runs 16c for strictly fancy in cartons; No. 1, 14(§H5c: No. 2, 12^'a 13c. Extracted, light amber, TJ^'aSHc; amber, 7c. Blake, Scott & L,be. Des Moines, Dec. 20.— There is very little doing here in new crop of honey. Some small lots of near-by produced comb honey are on the market and selling in a retail way at $3.50 to $3.75 per case. We do not look for much trade in this line before Sept. 1. Our market does not consume a great deal of extracted honey. Peycke Bros, & Chaney. Detroit, Dec. 20.— Fancy white comb honey, 14@15c; No. 1, 13@14c; no 'dark to quote. Ex- tracted, white, 6^»7c. Beeswax, 25to26c. M. H. Hunt & Son. San Francisco, Dec. is.— White comb, 1I@ 125^ cents; amber, 8@10c; dark, 6@7 cents. Ex- tracted, white, 5M@6c; light amber, m@5c\ amber, 4@ — . The steamer American, sailing from this port on the 14th lost., for New York, carried as part cargo 720 cases honey, including 200 cases taken on at Seattle. Spot stocks are not heavy. Val- ues are steady. The extreme southern part of the State has long been noted for its fine honey, but there is some extracted now on market from Monterey county which will compare favorably with the choicest honey ever produced in this or any other portion of the globe. Kansas City, Dec. 20.— Up to the present time only small lots of new comb honey have been on the market, and these met with ready sale on the basis of I5@ltic per pound for fancy white. For next week heavier receipts are ex- pected and quotations are issued at $o.l0@$3.25 per case for large lots, which would be equal to about 14@i45^c; the demand being quite brisk, a firm market is anticipated. Inquiries for ex- tracted are a little more numerous, but large buyers still seem to have their ideas too low. In a small way 5>^(«j6c is quotable. Peycke Bros. Please mention Bee Journal when writing advertisers. 16 AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL Jan. 2, 1902. We have a Large Stock on hand and can ship promptly. SEND US YOUR ORDERS FOR Hives, Extraciors OR ANYTHING YOU WANT IN THE BEE-KEEPING LINE. WE MAKE ONLY THE BEST. ' Our Falcon Sections and New Process Founda- tion are ahead of everythiug-, and cost no more than other makes. New Catalog and copy of The American Bee-Keeper free. Address, THE W. T. FflLGONER MFG. GO., JAMESTOWN, N. Y. 9^ W. M. Gerkish, East Notingham, N. H., carries a full line of our goods at catalog prices. Order of him and save freight. Please mention Bee Journal "when ■writing Queen-Clipping Device Free.... The MoNETTE Queen-Clipping Device is a fine thing for use in catching and clipping Queens wings. We mail it for 25 cents; or will send it FREE as a pre- mium for sending us ONE NEW subscriber to the Bee Journal ror a year at $1.00; or for $1.10 we will mail the Bee Jonrnal one yeai and the Clipping Device. Address, GEORGE W. YORK & COMPANY. Chicago, la Everything used by bee-keepers. POUDER'S HONEY -JARS. Prompt service. Low Freight Rates. NEW CATALOG FREE. WALTER S.FOUDER. SI2 MASS. AVE. INDIANAPOLIS. INO. A New Bee-Keeper's Song- — "Buckwheat Cakes and Honey n Words by EUGENE SECOR. Music by GEORQE W. YORK. This song was written specially for the Buffalo convention, and was sung there. It is written for organ or piano, as have been all the songs written for bee-keepers. Every home should have a copy of it, as well as a copy of "THE HUM OF THE BEES in the APPLE-TREE BLOOM" Written by Eugene Secok and Dr. C. C. Miller. Prices — Either song will be mailed for 10 cents (stamps or silver), or both for only 15 cents. Or, for SI. 00 strictly in advance payment of a year's sub- scriptixjn to the American Bee Journal, we will mail both of these songs free, if asked Joy. QEORQE W. YORK & CO. 144 & 146 Erie St., - CHICAGO, ILL. Please mention Bee Journal when writing advertisers. : yalrDadant's Foundation -^>>* 24ttl year We guarantee ^^ satisfaction. '^'^ What more can anybody do? BEAUTY. PURITY. FIRMNESS, No SAaOINO, No LOSS. PATENT WEED-PROCESS SHEBTINQ. ■^5^ Why does it sell so well ? Because it has always given better satis- faction than any other. Because In 23 years there have not been any complaints, but thousands of compli- ments. Send name for our Catalog, Samples of Foundation and Veil Material. We sell the best Veils, cotton or silk. BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES OF ALL KINDS. Very fine pure-bred BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK Chickens and Eggs for sale at very low prices. Langslroth on the Honey-Bee— RG\/ised, The classic in Bee-Culture — Price, $1.25, by mail. Beeswax wanted at all times. 1 CHAS. DADANT & SON, Hamilton, Hancock C«., III. civ^v^'yv'v^^^'y'yy^T T^v^ Please mention Bee Journal when writing. Grand Clubbing Offers. One-dollar Magazines: S. S, Times, American Boy, The Household, Good Housekeepidg-, The Designer. Gleanings in Bee-Culture $1.00 Review oi Reviews (new) 2.50 Success 1 00 S, S. Times i.oo fiood Housekeeping i oo Post Fountain Pen 2.50 9.00 All sent to one or separate addresses,! year, 5.00 Special Combinations. Eegular Price. Gleanings and Success $2.00 Gleanings, Success, and any one of our dollar magazines (see list above; 3.00 " " and any two of our dollar magazines 4.00 *' " and any three of our dollar magazines 5.00 " " and the Review of Reviews (new) 4.50 *' " and Current Literature (new) 5.00 " " and the New England Magazine 5.00 . *' " Review of Reviews (new), and any one of our dollar magazines 5.50 " " and S.S. Times o.OO " *' Review of Reviews (new), and S.S. Times s 50 " " North American Review (new), and Review of Reviews (new) 1.50 Other Combinations can be made from llie Table Below, Every order must include Gleanings. Our Price. $1.25 1.75 2.25 2.75 2 25 2.25 2 25 2 75 3.00 4.00 4.25 Xo. 1, * 25 cents Poultry Keeper Rel. Poultry Jour. Poultry Monthly. Am. Poultry Jour. Poultry Topics. Farm and Home. Farm it Fireside. Aq. Epitomist. Prairie Farmer. Green'sF't Grower Am. Issue Ant-Sa- loon LeagueOrgan N0.2 • 30 cents Ohio Farmer. Practical " American Boy Farm Poultry. Farm Journal 5 years. No. 3. * 75 cents Rural N. -Yorker Nat'l Stockman and Farmer. Woman's Home Companion. S. S. Times. The Household. Good Housekpg. The Designer. No. 4 * $1.00 American Gardening. Christian Herald. ■'Review of Reviews. ^Current Literature. "^N. E. Magazine. * Orders for these 3 must be for new sub- scribers. Country Gentleman. New or renewal not more than 3 months in arrears. Post Pen. No. 5. $1.25. Youth's Com- panion New sub. only.} No. 6. $2.50. Scientific Amer- ican. # These prices are not the publishers' prices for these papers, but they are our special reduced prices when taken in connection with Gi-kanings. In many cases they are iust one-half the reg- ular rate. How to get the Price for any or all of the Papers Named Above; 1. Gleanings in Bee-Culture, one year, $1.00. 2. If you want only one additional paper, add the price found in the top of the column in which that paper appears. 3. If you want several papers in addition to Gleanings, each one may be had at the price named at the top of the column. For instance: Gleanings, S.S. Times (3d col.) and Rural New-Yorker (3ci col.) will cost you $2.5t-i. 4. You may select as many papers from each column as you wish. 5. Every order sent us must include Gleanings. (.. We will send all papers or pen to one or separate addresses, as desired. THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. GEORGE W. YORK & CO. 144 A 146 Erie Street, CHICAGO ILL., are headquarters for ROOT'S BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN CHICAGO. Send to them for their free Catalog. lijAtwe^i/v Dee Journal -QBORae W. YORK, Editor. CHICAGO, ILL,, JANUARY 9, 1902, FORTY-SECOND YEAR No. 2. 18 AMERICAN BEE jOURNAL. Jan. 9, 1902 PrsLISHED WEEKLY BY GEORGE W. YORK S COMPANY 144 & 146 Erie St., Chicago, 111. Entered at the Post-Offioe at Chicago as Second- Class Majl-Matter. EDITORIAL STAFF. George W. Yore, - - Editor-in-Chief. Dr. C. C. Miller, 1 T^ E.E. Hastt. 't Department Prof. A. J. Cook, ) E'^""''^- IMPORTANT NOTICES. The Subscription Price of this Journal is ?1. 00 a year, in the United States. Can- ada, and Mexico; all other countries in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year extra for post- age. Sample copy free. The AVrapper-Label Date of this paper indicates the end of the month to which your subscription is paid. For instance. " decOl " on your label shows that it is paid to the end of December, 1901. Bubscription Receipts. — We do not send a receipt for money sent us to pay subscrip- tion, but change the date on your wrapper- label, which shows you that the money has been received and duly credited. Advertising Rates will be given upon ap- plication. National Bee Keepers' Association OBJECTS: To promote and protect the interests of its members. To prevent the adulteration of honey. To prosecute dishonest honey-dealers. BOARD OF DIRECTORS. E. Whitcomb, W. Z. Hutchinson, A. I. Root, E. T. Abbott, P. H. Elwood, E. R. Root, Thos. G. Newman, G. M. Doolittle, W. F. Marks, J. M. Hambaugh, C. P. Dadant, Dr. C. C. Miller, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. Ernest R. Root, President. R. C. AiKiN, Vice-President. Dr. a. B. Mason, Secretary, Toledo, Ohio. Eugene Secor, General Manag-er and Treas- nrer. Forest City, Iowa. Membership Dues, $1.00 a year. 2^** If more convenient, Dues may be sent to the office of the American BeQ Journal, when thej will be forwarded to Mr. Secor, who will mail individual receipts. A Celluloid Queen-Button is a very prelt3' thing for a bee-keeper or honey-seller to wear on his coat-lapel. It often serves to in- troduce the subject of honey, and frequently leads to a sale. Note.— One reader writes: " I have every reason to be- lieve that it would be a very g'ood idea for every bee-keeper to wear one [of the buttons] as it will cause people to ask questions about the busy bee, and many a con- versation thus started would wind up with the sale of more or less honey; at any rate it would (five the bee-keeper a superior opportunity to enlighten many a person in regard to honey and bees." The picture shown herewith is a reproduc- tion of a motto queen-button that we are fur- nishing" to bee-keepers. It has a pin on the underside to fasten it. Price, by mail, 6 cents; two for 10 cents; or 6 for 25 cents. Send all orders to the oflica of the American Bee Journal. I Weekly Budget. I Mr. Wm. RrssELL, writing us Dec. 30, said ; '■ Perhaps the most important event of the late convention of the Minnesota. Bee-Keepers' Association was the raising of the clues to one dollar per year, ant tlie Apiary, BY PROE A. J- COOK- 460 Fag6B-16th (1899) Edition— ISth Thou- sand—$1. 25 postpaid. A description of the book here is quite unnec- essary— it is simply the most complete scientific and practical bee-book published to-day. Fully Illustrated, and all written in the most fascinat- ng style. The author is also too well-known to the whole bee-world to require any introduction* No bee-keeper is fully equipped, or his library complete, without The Bke-Keepers' Guide. This 16th and latest edition of Prof. Cook's magnificent book of 460 pages, in neat and sub- stantial cloth binding, we propose to give away to our present subscribers, for the work of get- ting NEW subscribers for the American Bee Journal. Given tor TWO New Subscribers. The following offer is made to present sub- scribers only, and no premium is also given to the two NEW subscribers— simply the Bee Jour- nal for one year: Send us two new subscribers to the Bee Journal (with $2.00), and we will mail you a copy of Prof. Cook's book FREE as a premium. Prof. Cook's book alone sent for $1.25, or we club it with the Bee Journal for a year— both for only $1.75. But surely anybody can get only TWO NEW SUBSCRIBERS to the Bee Journal for a year, and thus get the book as a premium. Let every body try for it. Will YOU have one ? GEORGE W. YORK & CO.. 144 & 146 Erie Street CHICAGO, ILL. ^1861 '^ >"^ .-/N AMERICA /^^ 4 2d YEAR. CHICAGO, ILL, JANUARY 9, 1902, No. 2. ^ Editorial. % i I<\)iil Brood Ijiiws in l-^voi'y State slioukl l)e deinatutt'd by Itee-keepers. It is not necessary to wait until the disease lias a strong foothold. It is much better to keep the disease out than to try to eradicate it after it has bettun its work. Most commendable work has been done by the inspectors of foul brood in Canada and some of the States where foul brood had taken np a residence. Does any one doubt that it would have been economy to have been at the same expense and labor before rather than after the estab- lishment of the disease i Iniprovenient of Stock. — In a careful consideration of this subject in Revue Inter- nationale, it is said that when we have found a queen of exceptional qualities, every care must be taken to give the queen and her projjeny the best chance possible for health and vigor, the chief care being- to see that there is never any scarcity of food in the shape of honey of good quality. In the opin- ion of the French writer sugar syrup can not replace honey, and it sugar syrup alone be consumed the eggs will be of inferior quality, and a mediocre generation of workers will result. So it is unwise economy to take away from a colony too much of its honey. Xo Set Program at bee-conventions seems to be getting to be the rule rather than the exception. Good thing. A written paper, no matter liow good, may be spoiled in the re!\ding, and in general will be enjoyed just as well when read at home in a bee-paper. But the bright thoughts that are brought out in a live discussion are the things that make it worth while to go to a bee-convention. If, however, the time is to be taken up entirely with no set program, depending upon the question-box for subjects, it is of prime im- portance that there i)e a wide-awake presiding otticer, or the discussions will sometimes run away with him, taking up much time with matters of little importance. Inspector Rankin's Report. — This report, as published on page S23 (1901), shows not only that much work has been done by Mr. Rankin in Michigan, but that still more work is needed. It is a somewhat alarming statement that more than half the apiaries visited by the inspector were invaded by foul brood. The case does not look so bad when it is remembered tlial he would \k likely to visit only those apiaries that were suspected. Still, the fact remains that he found I lil Infected apiaries in the State, and out of S2S(i colonies inspected, he found the number of diseased colonies to be about one in eight. How many infected colonies in the State were not found at all by Mr. Rankin can be only a matter of surmise, but it is not hard to believe that the nundier may be consider- able after reading the inspector's statement that many bee-keepers whose apiaries are troubled by the disease seemed to have no idea that they had any serious trouble on their hands; and it is quite po.ssible that in many cases the owners of diseased colonies do not suspect the presence of the scourge. Bees Supporting a Hired Hand. — As showing what a colon.v of bees may do in exceptional cases, the following from G. M. Doolittle, in Gleanings in Bee-Culture, is in- teresting: I wish to tell you about something which pleased me during 1872. I bouglit an ex- tractor, and, being determined to give the bees the care they needed, and knowing that the time thi bees needed the most attention came in haying-time, I hired a man to take my place in the hay-field. It so happened that he commenced work on the day bass- wood commenced to bloom. Previously I had hived a prime swarm, and concluded to devote them to extracted honey. The man worked 10 days at ?1.?.5 a day, and I extracted honey enough from that colony during those It! days to pay the man for his work. I tell you this to show that, when properly managed, in a fairly good season, one awarm is equivalent to a man at worlv in the hay-field, and so it will not pay to neglect a whole apiary to go into the field to work, as many would-be bee- keepers so generally do, and afterward growl about the bees not paying them. Selling by Case or by Weight. — The Rocky- Mountain Bee .lournal thinks injustice was done Colorado liee-keepers in a late num- ber of this journal by the Editor and R. A. Burnett & Co., in the strictures that were made against selling honey by the case. There is certainly no desire to do any injustice to the good bee-keepers of Colorado, whom this journal holds in high esteem. So far as they are concerned, the matter is put in a very dif- ferent light by a full understanding of the case, and in order to that end it is a pleasure to give here in full the following from the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal: The Colorado State Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion has adopted the following standard of weights per case in the grading and classifica- tion of comb honey : " No. 1. — Cases of separatored honey to average 21 pounds net per case of 24 .sections, with a minimum weight of not less than 20 pounds for any single case; cases of half- separatored honey to average not less than 21", iiounds net per case of 21 sections, with a minimum weight of 20'', pounds for any single case; cases of unsejiaratored honey to average not less than 22'^ pounds net per case of 24 sections, with a niiniiiiimi weight of 21',.; pounds for any single case." " No. 2. — Cases of separatored honey to average not less than is pounds net per case of 24 sections; cases of half-.separatore*! honey to average not less than li) pounds net per case of 24 seetir)ns ; cases of un.separatored honey to average not less than 20 pounds per case of 24 sections." Thus it will be seen that the objections of the BurjiettCo.. as to short weight, fall flat. The lightest weight of sections admissible In the No. 1 grade is 14 ounces, so we fail to see where the '.t and 12 ounce sections can get in. I'nder our rules light-weights are sold as culls, and every bee-keeper is anxious to avoid producing them. The common practice all over the country in retailing comb honey is to sell by the sec- tion, and not by weight. The retailer likes to buy by the pound, but invariably sells by the section, and is thus enabled to make more than a legitimate profit, and it comes out of the producer. We fail to see the injustice of compelling the retailer to purchase by the piece, so long as he sells by the piece, espe- cially when the weights are guaranteed, as in the case of buying of members of the Colo- rado Association. As tlie language stands, the remarks of the American Bee Journal jilainly infer the charge that the object in selling by the case is a dishonest one. but we are charitable enough to believe that such a meaning was not in- tended. There are dishonest people in every calling in life, and those among bee-keepers who desire to be dishonest will find ways to accomplish their trickery whether they sell by the case or weight. Selling by the case is growing in favor, and where all parties are disposed to be fair and honest there has been no trouble nor cause of complaint. It is a matter that rests largeh' upon individual honor and self-respect, and the same is true throughout all the business world. Under the Colorado rules wegrade by color, finish and weight, and when a case of No. 1 or No. 2 is offered, we know, if it is graded correctly, how it looks and the least it can weigh. We base prices upon the minimum weiglrt only. The advantage, if any, accrues to the buyer, and the slight loss to the pro- ducer, if any, is much less than the cost of weighing. The Burnett Co. is one of the few thor- oughly honest and reliable commission-houses in the great inland metropolis, and their opinions are entitled to serious consideration, but the system of selling comb honey by the case is too well grounded in Colorado to be discarded at their simple behest. The American Bee Journal hereby apolo- gizes to the Colorado beekeepers for even the seemhiij of injustice, at the same time dis- claiming any unkind intent. Like many another case, the misunderstanding comes from a difference in the use of terms, or per- haps to be more exact in this case, because the same term may be used to mean two different things. What does selling "by the ease,'" 20 AMERICAN BEE lOURNAL Jan. 9, 1902. •'bj' the piece.'' meaa ! There was a little quiet amusement in the late Chicago conven- tion when, after Mr. R. A. Burnett had said he never sold honey " by the ease," a member "called him down" by saying Mr. Burnett had sold thousands of cases of honey " by the case.'' It was true that all the honey was weighed, and so it was sold by weight, but in a certain sense it was also sold " by the case," for it was not sold " by the section," nor " by the car-load,'" but " by the case." When the grocer retails section honey, he either sells it "by weight" or "by the piece.'' When retailed "by weight," it is universally understood that each section is weighed ; and as universally it is understood that when sold " by the piece "' there is no weighing, and the weight is not considered. As " by the piece " has meant without regard to weight, so "by the case" has had the same meaning. But Colorado bee-keepers now have a new mean- ing for " by the case," a meaning which they have a right to use, only it needs to be ex- plained to the uninitiated, for, according to their rules, weight is distinctly considered, and they are practically i^i'Vintj by vrif/hf. If any one will turn to page 7.59 (1001), he will see that what is said there had no reference to selling by Colorado rules, which distinctly have reference to weight, for the thing spe- cially mentioned on page 759 is, " so much per case of 2i sections, without reference to the actual weight of honey contained in the case." Selling by the case, with a certainty of 21 pounds for every case, is a very dillerent thing. If it is true that by the Colorado system there may be a gain to the buyer, with no real loss to the seller, it is hard to find fault with it. But why not buy and sell by actual weight ? There should be a uniform method, and "by the case" can hardly become the general method. ♦ Cold-Water Paint for Hives.— L. T. Chambers writes in thp Australian Bee-Bul- letin ; For years I have been trying and looking for experiments in the way of discovering a paint which will be inexpensive and yet dur- able, and I am happy to say that at last I have found what is needed. Cold-water paint needs simply mixing with water in place of oil, saving the cost of the oil. The powder of which it is composed is no dearer than white-lead, but will spread much further, and will adhere to any surface with more tenacity than oil paint, being unaffected by weather, and at the same time it is water- proof as well as tire-proof. Nothing is said as to the composition of this powder, and it remains to be seen what others may think of its value. Does a Queen Carry Foul Brood ?— Le Rucher Beige quotes a writer in the Ameri- can Bee Journal, who says it is the workers and never the queen which carry foul brood from an infected to a healthy colony. Editor Wathelet insists that a queen may carry the spores to a healthy colony, and warns against putting into such colony a queen from one that is diseased. A Knotty Problem is what the .\meri- can Bee-Keeper calls the problem of nomina- ting and electing officers of the National Asso- ciation. About right. I The Buffalo Convention. ^/ffy(fyff>(fVf>(t\(fy(fy(f>(f>rfy(fVfMf>(f\(f>(fy(f\(fi(fyrfy(f\(fyffMfH*?^ (Contiaued from page 9.) Pres. Watrous then called upon Prof. H. W. Colling-wood, editor of the Rural New-Yorker, who delivered an address on, The Pomologist and the Fruit- Qrower. I am not a bee-keeper, although I help keep my neighbors' bees. I don't pretend to be a pomolog-ist. I'm a plain fruit-grower, far enough along to realize that, with all his proud dominion over the lower forces of nature, man cannot produce the finest and most perfect fruits without the help of his friend, the bee. That, I believe, will be the conclusion of every fruit- grower who will really study the ques- tion. The relation between the fruit-grower and the bee itself are physical, mental and moral. Interfere with a bees' no- tion of duty and right, and she at once administers a stinging rebuke to those faint-hearted humans who permit others to interfere with their homes and privileges. Perhaps some of you have heard of the young man who said he called his sweetheart " honey," and in 24 hours she broke out in an attack of the hives. The mental relations appear when a thoughtful man studies the wonderful life and habits of the bee, and the social order that prevails inside the hive. That man must admit that even the civilization that has been inspired by human wisdom falls short of this in some essentials of justice and equity. The moral aspect appears when, in the latter part of summer, the bees swarm to your fruits, and you try to follow out the principle of the Golden Rule in your relations with the bee-keeper. You learn then how much easier it is to be a bear than it is to forbear. One must learn to use the memory of ser- vices rendered as oil for the rusty ma- chinery of patience. There are two worthy citizens who upset the theories of the scientific men — Jack Frost and Mr. Honey-Bee. Ice and honey are two crops which remove no fertility from the soil. A man might cut ice on his neighbor's pond for years, and make a fortune by doing so, yet all his work would " cut no ice " in the great American game of robbing the soil. The pond will not be injured in the least. In like manner my neigh- bors' bees may take a ton of honey from my fruit-trees, and it may sell at a good price, yet my farm has not lost five cents' worth of plant food, nor would I have been a cent better off if the bees had not taken an ounce of the nectar, but had simply acted as dry- I nurses to my baby fruits without pay or reward. Both frost and bee bring unnumbered blessings to man, yet most of us will spend more time growl- ing at some little injury which they do as they pass on, than we will in praise and thankfulness for all the benefits they heap upon us. I have known fruit-growers and pomologists who, when they found the bee sucking some cracked and worthless old fruit, for- got that the bee did more than they in the making of these fruits. If they were in the bee's place they would probably demand 75 percent of the fin- est fruit in the orchard as payment for their labor. Such folks make me think of the housekeeper who found fault with the minister. The good man came into the house of sickness with a message of divine hope and love and faith. He cheered the hearts of all ; and yet when he went away the house- keeper found fault with him because he forgot to wipe his feet on the door mat, and tracked some mud on her kitchen floor. What a world this would be if we could learn to judge others, not by their little weaknesses, but by their great acts of loving service ! If one would look for the ideal rela- tions between the fruit-grower and the bee-keeper he would find them inside the modern cucumber-house. The cucumber is " cool " way down to the courtship of its flowers. Matrimonial agents are required, and formerly these were men who went about with long^ brushes dusting the pollen upon these bashful flowers. It has been found that bees will do this better than the men, and most cucumber-houses now have their colonies of bees. Inside the glass house the grower has no desire to throw stones at the bee-keeper, be- cause they both wear the same clothes; and the man who can not get on har- moniously with himself has no busi- ness out of jail. I say that, well know- ing that some of the darkest life trage- dies in the world's history have been caused by the evil side of a man's na- ture obtaining mastery for the moment over the good. In the orchard or fruit- farm the conditions are very different. Here a man inay feed the bees which belong to somebody else, and he does not, like the cucumber-grower, see that the bees actually save him the wages of a workman, which would be nearly as necessary without the bees. Most men do not, I think, fully understand who the bee is and what he really does. Let Its state his case fairly. I under- stand, of course, that common facts about the bee must be an old story to those who are here. The greatest value of such a meeting is the fact that one may talk over your heads or through you to the thousands who may never join either society, and yet who will profit by your work. Jan. 9, 1902. AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL 21 THK HKK AS A CITIZEN. Man has never tamed the bee as he ha.s the horse or dop or ox. These aiiinials have surrendered their free- dom, and tamely submit to man'.s dicta- tion, cliaii^inj,' even their shape and vital functions at his will. Turn them loose, and after a few hours of clumsy freedom they will come back and be^;^ to be taken under shelter into slavery. Kven man himself loses the savage independence and love of liberty he knew when free as the hills, and at the behest of civilization puts his neck un- der the heel of those who are morally his inferior. Not so the bee. He has never surrendered the freedom that poes with wild things and wild life. Man coaxes and partly directs him, but he is still untamed, and still retains the courage and fearlessness which civili- zation takes from the heart of most animals, including man. L,eft to itself, the swarm of bees will not come beg- ging shelter from man, but gladly and fearlessly Hy olT into the wilderness, to live as it ancestors lived. The bee starts with the scope and purpose of its life-work clear. It does not need to go to school. From the first gleam of consciousness the bee knows that it is born to toil, without reward, without hope of posterity. In- stinct, heredity, spirit, call it what you will, drives the bee on to labor without ceasing, without holidays or hours of lazy ease, and for what ? Simply for the future — that dim, mysterious time for which he is ever prompted to pro- vide. I said that the mental side of this question will present itself to any thoughtfu-1 man. Truly, the lesson of the hive goes deep into the human heart and soul. THE BEE AS A WORKER. As a boy I was brought up on the " busy bee '■ theory. The old man who considered himself responsible for my industrial training gave me to under- stand that the bee is a tireless worker who toils for the love of it and never quits. He wasn't trying to get me in- terested in the study of natural history — he was trying to get me to realize that some one loved to work, and he knew that he didn't. I am sorry to break down this ideal of childhood, for I have searched hard to find something that has no blood of the shirk in its veins. I can't tell my children the old story, for they will soon know that most bees in New Jersey appear to start work at 7:30 to 8 a.m., and knock off at 4 p.m. On wet days they usually quit entirely. This is much like the average hired man, who will take ad- vantage of a light sprinkle to come in and sweep up the barn floor. The bee ■works on Sunday, while the hired man rides his bicycle. When the bee does start he keeps at his work, while the hired man stops to look at the clock. When you tear down the childish ideal of the busy bee, and find that it has some of the bad habits of mortals, you do not destroy the whole picture. That would be true with some men ; but with the bee it only brings to view a higher ideal than ever. The bee does a fair day's work, and then goes home and puts in a part of the night. A man. after doing his work in the field, will hardly help his wife wash the dishes after supper, but the bee works like a slave through the darkness at the wonderful task of manufacturing honey. The short day of hard and consistent work furnishes enough for the hive-workers. If all men worked as the bee does, with as fair and just a division of labor, what a world we should have. The short, hopeful day's work would be sullicient if the idle and the rich would cease to live on the earnings of the overworked poor. The society in the hive permits but few drones, and kills them off as the winter comes on, while human society in- creases the number. Thus, as we grow older, we find that the bee is not the poor, aimless drudge we thought him, but rather one who lets his wits save his wings. THE BEE'S GOOD WORK. We can easily forgive the bee his short working days when we consider the good he does. There is no question about the debt fruit-growers owe him. People talk about the wind and other insects in fertilizing our Bowers; but I am confident that any man who will really take the time and pains to inves- tigate for himself will see that the bee is nearly the whole story. I have seen the certain results of his good work in a neighbor's orchard. Those bees " broke the trees " down just as truly as though they had climbed on the trees by the million and pulled at them. The appearance of those trees after a few years of bee-keeping would have convinced any fair-minded man that our little buzzing friends are true part- ners of the fruit-grower. It has been said that the bee does not do this work because he wants to. He is pictured as a greedy, selfish fel- low, born into the world with a single idea, who dusts his jacket with pollen, and does his work as dry-nurse simply as an incident. Nature puts the brushes on his legs and stomach, and he cannot help using them. Here, again, he is not unlike men. Most of us fight and slave and toil for our own selfish ends. We try to shake the good intentions out of our jacket, and a large proportion of the good we do in this world is done as a side incident, as we press on to accomplish something for ourselves. To my mind this is only another illustration of the wise and beautiful provision of Nature to lead the bee on from flower to flower with some motive of personal gain, and in this way compel him to do his work for pomology. I would that humans who toil, even past the allotted years of man's life, after wealth and power, might as surely leave behind them perfect fruits for the toil of others. The stout legs of the bee, as he crawls from flower to flower, kick life into the baby fruits. Surely, with this in mind, the pomologist can have nothing to "kick " about. But ambition and the gratification of personal desires, lead both bees and men to scatter evil as well as good. All wings, except those of angels, attract, and will carry the germs of evil if they rub against it. It is quite likely that the bees will carry the germs of pear- blight from one tree to another — per- haps in quantities suSicient to spread the disease. Let us admit that ; and yet no pear-grower who knows his business would have the bees stay en- tirely away from his trees. The bee also injures fruit to a certain extent. There may be times when he actually leads in this bad work. When hcdocg, he is starved to it. If he were fed at home, as every other farm animal would be at such a time, he would sel- dom do the mischief. In ordinary sea- sons I find little fault with the bee for sucking this cracked and broken fruit. We really ought to thank him this year for delivering us from the temptation to pack these worthless culls in the middle of the barrel. Our bee-keeping friends tell us that there is always some rascal that goes ahead with a punch, and tjreaks the skin before the bee will suck the juice. The yellow-jacket is said to be the culprit, and he is a safe one, for no one cares to argue the point with him. I don't like this hiding be- hind a yellow jacket. It is too much like the way some of these Christian nations have acted in China. Li Hun^ Chang and other yellow jackets before him have robbed the Chinese people for centuries, but that is no excuse for the looting and stealing on the part of the white men. Should not the bee- keeper feed his bees when their natural food is scarce and they really injure fruit? When I forget to feed my dog at home, and he runs to the neighbor's back yard for food which might feed the pig, have I a right to complain if the neighbor lives up to his legal privi- lege? My neighbor ought to remember that it was my dog's bark that tanned the hide of the tramp who frightened his children ; but some neighbors are not built that way. They are like some pomologists who object when the bee tries to take paj' for his services in a few rotten fruit. There are human be- ings who will run out of the best of homes. In fact, the more 3'ou feed them the more they run. Bees are much like humans in many respects. It is quite likely that a systematic method of feed- ing during honey-dearths in summer would eventually pay the bee keeper, just as many diary-men have become convinced against their wills that it pays to feed grain to cows at good pasture. THE BEE AS A LAWYER. Before the law the bee appears to have clearer rights than any other domestic animal. Recent legal deci- sions have made the bee's position very clear. In one noted case the bees flew into the orchard and unquestionably worked upon or damaged broken fruit. The jury finally decided, and I think justly, that the bees committed no real damage ; yet had a cow or a hog broken into that orchard and eaten that same fruit, the owners would certainly have been liable for damages. After reading the literature on the subject with great care, I think I am justified in saying that the bee has fuller and more complete legal protec- tion than any other domestic animal. Why should not this be so, since, even in its wild state, untrained or directed by men, the bee is led by its very in- stinct to labor for the benefit of hu- manity? Certainly, no wild animal works for men as the bee does, and no domestic animal accomplished so much without direct harness or guidance. Invoking the law against bees is run- ning up against a hard proposition. Laws have been passed against spray- ing fruit-trees while in bloom. They are intended to give the bee legal pro- tection. These laws have actually led some tough old fellows to spray at just 22 AiMERICAN BEE JOURNAL Jan. 9, 3 902 that time, so as to kill the bees. Some men are so perverted that they see a wrong and coddle it as a "personal right." These laws have helped the fruit-grower more than the bee-keeper, because they have led the scientific men to investigate and tell us why it is a mistake to spray too early. It appears to have been settled that, before the law, bees are to be consid- ered domestic animals — not naturally inclined to be offensive. A fair synop- sis of the bee's legal status is about as follows : 1. Bees kept by a regular bee-keeper have become absolute property as domestic animals, and therefore enjoy legal rights. 2. The bee is not naturally savage. It is no more likely to commit serious damage and mischief than dogs, cats, cows or horses. 3. The law looks with most favor upon the animals which are most use- ful to man. No animal is of more ac- tual service to man in proportion to his size and the mischief it commits than the bee. 4. After bees have been kept in a cer- tain situation for a reasonable time without serious injury, it can not be said that it is dangerous to keep them there. 5. The bee-keeper becomes liable for injuries done by bees, only on the ground of actual or presumed negli- gence. This seems to give the bee a clear field to go ahead about his business in his own waj'. It must be said that this strong legal position of the bee is largely due to the fact that bee-keepers have picked up some of the strong traits of the bees. When one of their number is attacked, they do not sew up their pockets and run off with their share of the honey, and as much more as they can get. They fly at once to the defense of their comrade, and make, not an individual, but a society matter of it. The fruit-grower will obtain little satisfaction in a lawsuit against the bee or the bee-keeper. The bee is too good a friend of the judge. The rela- tions between these two classes should be settled, not by the scales but by the Golden Rule. Every man who receives a benefit should remember where the benefit comes from. The beekeeper might say with truth : " It is true that my bees feed upon my neighbor's trees ; but they have not injured his farm, be- cause they took no fertility away ! He has no reason to kick, because they kick life into his fruit-buds." This is all true enough, but it isonly one side. The fruit-grower may say : " These bees have increased my crop of fruit, but have they not been well paid for their work? I fed them, and the money in their owner's pocket comes from my farm I " Two classes of men with interests which lap and nick in this way should never fight ; for when one of them hits the other in the nose he is sure to blacken his own eye. They should recognize their mutual dependence, and treat each other fairly. The bee- keeper may say that the law gives him a right to put his hives close to an- other's dwelling. Still, if that location is offensive to his neighbor, the law which is higher than the decision of any human judge should lead him to put them elsewhere. I have heard of an old farmer who insisted on keeping an old, brindled calf tied on his lawn. The calf was in every way offensive to his neighbors, and he had ample space for it behind his barn ; but he thrust that calf under the very noses of his neighbors, because the law said he had a right to do as he pleased with his own. That man, like many others, figures that such magnifying of his legal rights gave increased dignity to his personal rights : and what a foolish mistake he made ! The man who will use his legal privileges as an offensive weapon against others, when it should be drawn only in defense of true prin- ciples, is not a true pomologist or bee- keeper. I regard the raising of fine fruits, and the training and rearing of bees, as the highest types of soil culture, and hence of human industry. He who can direct and watch the slow development of the perfect fruit, and lovingly guard it from plant disease and injurious in- sects through the long road to perfect maturity ; and he who can patiently and skillfully guide and train the honey-bee through its long summer's work — such men ennoble and dignify labor. Their work may be hard and con- stant. Their hands may be hard and rough ; but the callous on the palm is not a badge of servitude, but an honor- able scar from labor's battlefield. Such men are not mere drudges, with body and spirit broken on the hard wheel of labor; but, dealing with the fine and most delicate problems of Nature, they keep step with the Creator; they are in direct partnership with God himself; and, as such partners, they, of all men, should be guided by the wisdom and justice of the Golden Rule. H. W. COLLINGWOOD. R. M. Kellogg, of Michigan — I am not unmindful that it is now 11 o'clock. I was intensely interested in the last address, not so much at what has been revealed to us, as to the work that is going on. AVe do not know so much about pollination of fruit as we should, but we are learning fast. It is not so many years ago, if we were to go to a well-informed farmer and tell him that the plants that he cultivated were male and female, he would open his eyes and say. " Is that so ? " He knew nothing about the organism of plants; but I might say that within the last four years that subject has made more rapid strides than in the previous many years. I have never owned a bee, but, fortunately, my neighbors have. Now, I have never seen an insect so well fitted for the work of helping the pomologist as that little, busy bee. Why did God create the bee and arm it with that little fuzz all over its body and its eyebrows '! Why was this done? And why did he put the nectar down in the bottom among the pistils, where the bees must dig to get it ? Why was all this done, if it were not that there must be some agency to carry the pollen from one flower to another ? I know of no other agency. They tell us that the wind does that. Will you tell us, then, how this pollen can be supplied in sufficient abundance, unless there is a magnet to draw it to that particular flower ? (Jod made the bee for that particular ]jurpose. Now I suspect that we don't know as much about pollen as we should. I notice that lately a large number of postal cards were sent to different fruit-grow- ers inquiring about self-fertilizing ability of the Kieffer pear, and the answer came back that this pear is self-fertilizing in some instances, and not in others. I apprehend that this is a mere physical condition of the trees, and in the meantime we must have something to carry the pollen. The bee always carries its pollen- brush. It will throw its arm over and brush it all off and put it on its thigh, and as it digs down it gets it all over its eyebrows. Now, on mv farm, I had within three miles of me, colonies of bees. I never had any fruit injured by the bees. I have stood there and seen them at work, and the whole trees per- fectly roaring with the bees at work all through the spring, but where I now live, I am sorry to say,^ I do not know of a colony of bees within miles. I had never seen, until the other day, a honey-bee on the farm, and I know that our fruits are not perfectly polli- nated as they would be if bees were there. I am going to secure the pres- ence of bees. I know that they cut a figure. I want to tell you one thing about spraying plants in bloom. I never spray my trees in bloom, but I did have a little misfortune. You have all learned that it is absolutely neces- sary' to tell a hired man at least six times what you want done, and then go and see that he does it. Now, I have a patch of strawberries which I take great pains to make perfect, and every spring we spray our strawberries. I have a cart fixed up that sprays three rows at a time, and it sprays them very thoroughly. I set the hired man to spraying, and he also sprayed my speci- men patch, and of all the knotty, de- formed fruit that you ever saw, I got them off that patch. The spraying had killed the pollen. I think there is no question but that the bees are killed by spraying. Dr. Miller— T think, Mr. President, that, considering- the charges made against the bees, we are ready to rest the case. Pres. Watrous — I will say for the benefit of some who have thought the bee-keepers hadn't had a fair show, it was my understanding that the pro- gram was arranged through a friendly consultation of the officers of the two societies, and that everything has been just as fair as possible. I want to say that I believe the results have been very good. I hope so. Dr. Mason — I think the bee-keepers feel that we have made no mistake in. selecting these gentlemen who talked to you to-night, to present our case. Pres. Watrous— I think not. Adjournment of the joint session. After the adjournment Pres. Root called for a meeting of the National Bee-Keepers' Association present to finish up the business of the conven- tion. Fifth Annual Report of General Man = ager of the National Bee=Keep- ers' Association. THE UTTBR VS. UTTER CASE. In my last annual report I stated that the celebrated case of Utter vs. Utter, in Orange County, New York, had been appealed to the County Court. It will be recalled by most of the mem- Jan. 'J, 1902. AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL 23 bcrs, that in the trial before a Justice of the Peace, wherein it was char^jed that the bees had injured a iieach-grow- er's fruit, the Justice had decided affainst the t)ee-l.()0 (ieijr(,'u \V. Yiirk. KcporLinir Conven- tion of I'.liKI liine-lialf the cost) 70.(KJ Attornev.s in KucheMer case ........ .'jD.WJ InilexeilCard ('aljinel for Names of Meinljers X.'i\ I'riulink' reports, law-cases concern- ing bce-koepcrs' rights 7.00 MeinliLTsliip < aids and Letter File . . 2.25 I'OBta^'i'Stiinips 18.00 Kenewal Blanks 4.2.5 .iiiii Letter Heads 2.7.5 Salary of (leneral Jlanager 117 OO Tola! Expenditures * 470.;i'J RECAPITULATION. Receipts and balance on hand I'.IOO. ..* 1,19.5.01! Expenditures for lliul 47t!.3!» Balance on hand ? 718.67 Note —The amount received does not repre- sent membership, as m.iny State atd local so- cieties join in a budy at S\) cents per member. IN CONCLUSION. For five years I have rendered this Association such services as my limited abilities fitted me to perform. Other and more congenial work has been neglected that I might discharge the duties of General Manager in a man- ner to satisfy my own conscience. While some of the work has been hard. I have found many sympathizing friends and kind treatment generally. To all who so generously contributed to make this the largest and strongest bee-keeper's society in America, I ten- der my most grateful thanks; but I must beg to be relieved from the cares of this responsible office. I wish to turn over the insignia of office and all its emoluments to my successor — a stronger, wiser, less busy, more useful man. Fraternally yours. Eugene Secor. General Manager. Forest Citv, Iowa, Dec. 26, 1901. Langstroth on the Honey-Bee. This is one of the standard books on bee-culture, and ought to be in the library of every bee-keeper. It is bound substantially in cloth, and contains over 500 pages, being revised by those large, practical bee-keepers, so well- known to all the readers of the Ameri- can Bee Journal — Chas. Dadant & Son. Each subject is clearly and thoroly ex- plained, so that by following the in- structions of this book one cannot fail to be wonderfully helped on the way to success with bees. The book we mail for $1 it -with the American Bee one year — both for $1.75 ; mail it as a premium for THREE NEW subscribers Journal for one year, with S3. 00. This is a splendid chance to get a grand bee-book for a very little money or work. .25, or club Journal for or, vye will sending us to the Bee 24 AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 9, 1902. EUGENE SECOR, General Manager National Bee-Keepers' Association. THE SCORE-CARD FOR JUDGING APIARIAN EXHIBITS as revised by the Special Committee appointed at tiie Convention of the National Bee-Keepers' Association, at Buffalo, N.Y., 1901. ►J oii tlici lrii(ftli of time (liiriiiK wliii-h these cappltiKS havcHieen allowed to drain in a iiroperiy-niade cappinK-ciin. Hut thore is no doiihl that, to lli(^ M|)laiist who pxlrai-ts thonsaiids of pounds, the anioniit of honey k'ft in tin,' eapphiRS. even after the most thoroii;;h draining', represents a value whieh ho cannot afford to lose. Whenever tho apiarist ships his heeswax, drippiri<; with lioney, as I have so often s(^en it, he certainly does not appreciate tlie amount that ho conid save with little exortion. WluMi we extract lioney. we allow the cajipinKs to drain for a lonf; time. When the tinw comes to render tlu! wax, we lirst wash the entire mass iu hot water. Any kctth^ or iiollnr tluit is used to render IxM^swax will do for this purpose An amount of watc^r sullii'ient to soali the cappiufis is lirst put in. The cappiiifis are then can'fuliy hrol to 12 cents or loss per gallon. But in the apple-growing district 26 AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 9, 1902 like the locality that we inhabit, cider is too plentiful, and the making of cider-vinegar too common to leave much room for u large sale of honev-vinegar. Yet, we always have on hand a barrel or so of vinegar, made from honey and wine mixed, to supply a limited number of customers who have learned to appreciate it. Hancock Co., 111. Questions and Answers, i CONDUCTED BT OR. O. O. AI2Z,Z,EH, Afai-ang-o, ni. (The Qnestlons may be mailed to the Bee Journal office, or to Dr. Miller direct, when he will answer them here. Please do not ask the Doctor to send answers bj mail.— Editor.] A Question on Breeding. I got a queen last summer and her bees were all fine look- ing ones, and I reared several queens from her. Oneof mv ni'igh- bors reared several from her. and 1 do not know wliether he got a queen that seemed jiurely mated or not. but I got onlv one, and he said that all of his that he had looked at were just as I said mine was. Some of my liees had not a band oil them, and some were nice bees, from the same queen. Only one seemed purely mated: her bees were all dandies, and she was the only yellow queen that liatched from the queen I got. Is there such a thing as a bee cropping out of an old cross of 20 years back ? I did not rear any other queens last summer hat were impurely mated. Iowa. Answer.— x\tavisni. or breeding-back, is well known to exist in the human race and other animals, and I know of no reason why it might not exist among bees. But going back 20 years would be going back anywhere from seven to twentv or more generations, and that would be going back pretty far. Neither is there anything, I think, in the case you mention that cannot be accounted for without any atavism. Sowing Sweet Clover for Cattle, Bees and Seed. 1. I am thinking like everything, and I'll stand it like a major. Why Not Help a Little— both your neig-hbor bee-keep- ers and the old American Bee Journal — by sending- to us the names and addresses of such as you may know do not now get this journal? "We will be glad to send them sample copies, so that they may become acquainted with the paper, and subscribe for it, thus putting themselves in the line of success with bees. Perhaps you can get them to subscribe, Send in their dollars, and secure for your trouble some of the premiums we are constantly offering as rewards for such effort. Jan. 9, 1002. iM