The American Bee-keeper VOLUME X MDCCCC H. E. HILL Editor Fort Pierce Florida THE W. T. FALCONER MANUFACTURING COMPANY Publishers Falconer New York \^<:-f r9oo-r^c_i %f-%^' m. v^ # •■s^ ^ •«^H INDEX Vol. X, A. D. 1900 An Amateur Department 234 Advantage ? Is it an 229 A Floral Snow-drift 6 Are We Brethren? 32 An Underhanded Scheme Discovered 73 Annual Address 81 Are Snow-white Sections Desirable? 89 April Bee-Keepek iiO I Arrangement of Combs in the Brood Chamber. . .93 ' Adulteration in the East 94 Vfter the Adulterators Ill Association and Co-ojjeration 148 August Bke-keeper, The Itil Another Hill's Device IC.H. 182 A Private Matter , r2 A Life of Liberty '.03 A tJraceful Act, Well-Deserved 20h Best Ciueens, Etc 7 Bee-keepers' Institutes 10 Business Courtesy 11 Bees Stampede a Funeral 237 Bees in a Hurricane tit Bees Repel Tax Collectors 8H Beginner's Question 93 Bee Culture in Maine 101 Black Brood, the Italian and 102 B eaching Pollen-Stained Cappings 109 Bee Escapes 156 Biiying and Transferring Bees .178 Brig ht Yellow Bees- wax 214 Bees Sting a Dog to Death.' 216 Cells, Separable , 230 Cell-cups. Litest in, The 227 Cell-building, Confijiag Bees for , 221 Comb Honey 1 Color 26 Convention Report, N. Y. S. A. B. K. S 28 Color Breeding 42 Convention Notes 49 Crippled Queen. A , 62 Cyprian Bees 71 Carniolans, a Good Word for— One Advantage of the Cyprian 93 Cold Weather Prevents Brood-rearing 104 Cement-coated Nails 104 Cuban Bee-keepers, Chief of 105 Candied Comb Honey 123 Clearing Supers of Bees 123 Comb Honey, Tlie Production of 126 Controlling Robbers 143, 162 Candied Comb Honey .... 1 55 Cellar Wintering 166 Characteristics 167 Clip])ing Queens 185 Cocoon Base Cup for Koyal Jelly 194 Carniolans .\gain 204 Do Not Employ Careless People to Handle Honey 21 Deatli of Mrs. M. F. Reeve 30 Dickel vs Dzierzon Theories 43 Downy Misses .... 133 Enter])rise Rewarded 149 E.xperimental Apiary, An 3 "Ebenezer Skies" 4, 48 Five-bandeil Bees 7 Fred S. Emens lU February Bi'.k-keeper. The 41 Foul-brood in Cuba 54, 1 1 1 Fight With Bees 66 _ ' For Free Distribution 109 ^L Filled Combs in the Center of Hive for Winter- ing 202 First Carniolans in Canada 213 '-' Glass Over Sections 8 Getting There 22 '^ Wood Things in the Bee-keepers' Press 30 ' 'TSranulated Honey 70, 91 CTMoney Vinegar 3 *~'Hon. .lean L. Burnett Re-elected 10 3 Hives 132 Hon. Rufus K. Frisby 145 Handling the products of the Hive 183 Honey Crop, The 195 Influence of (Uimate on Honey 11 Introducing a Queen 67 Italians Inferior as Comb Honey Producers 133 Introduding Virgin (Queens 146 Introducing a Queen 173 January Bee-keepeu, The 21 June Bee-keeper, The 132 July KEE-KKEPEH. The 154 Knowledge of Our Locality 42 Locust, The 33 Large Figures Overstated 130 Legs Cut Off With a Saw 201 Laying Workers 205 Migratory Bee-keeping in Pennsylvania ..13 Mangrove Location, A Good 54 March Bee-keei>er 64 Mr. Heise Experiences a Serious Interval 74 Milk Feeding 87 May Bee-keeper, The 106 Marketing Extracted Honey 114 Migratory Bee-keeping in the South 125 Must Use What the Markets Demand 152 Moths and Moth- Worms, About 164 Mel Bonum Apiary 16y Moving a Colony 173 • Moths, To Keep Combs From 181 Management of Bees, The 187 Moving Bees 207 N. Y. S. A. B. K. S 13 Now For Our Third Year 29 Nectar Secretion in White Clover 54 Non-Swarming Experiments 61 New Disease 87 New York Inspectors Appointed 130 Natural Combs 131 Noisy Bees 171 Notes from the Keystone State 164, 189 North Carolina, The Season in 195 None but an Expert 201 Out-Apiaries 121 Our Friends Against Us 153 October Bee-keeper 201 Poppleton, O. O 233 Persevering 2 Philadelphia Honey Market 26 Production of Honey for Profit, The 27 "Paper Bonnets" 46 Prolificacy 63 Preparing for Winter and Spring in Mid-sum- mer 161 Peculiar Experience in Wintering, A 164 Pertinent Paragraphs 175 Prevention of Swarming 154, 188 Preparation for Winter : 189 Pan-American Exposition, .Apiarian Exhibits at 19» Quick Movements : • -22 Queens, Good, Cardinal Prin<;iples in the Production of, 223 Queen-rearing and Queen-buying 222 Queen Cells .225 Quecn-rnaring 82 Queen Fertilizing Her Eggs at Will 91 Queenlessness. How to Know It 94 Quotations From Our Exchanges 127 Robbers and Queenless Colonies 43 Rendering Bees-wax *7, 65 Removing the Old Queen 90 Requeening J^I Swarmed on his Head "p" Some Donts for Beginners 231 Sandy Bend Editor, The * "Swarthmore" ^2 Successful Artificial Increase 23 Superior Stock ^^ ■•Skies" on C'otub Honey Production tH ^iDoki'is, An imiirovenient in 70 South D.ikota Bce-Kcei)Cis TS StrOMf; (Colonies ^1 Secret ol Successful Honey Production IDS Survival of the Fittest 1-^2 Sprini; Losses !■*' See 'I'hat Kiicli Has a (iuecn-Cell Itil Sei)tciulicr HEK-Ktuii'KH, The 1*<1 Sendinn Kkks by Mail 20S Tobacco staples vs. Xails ^' Theilmann (Jatehcs a Sliark •">5 Told by 11 Newspaper Sfj The Man 101, i:« The Bee I"l The Hive ll>2 This and 'J'hat IfiS IJnsea sonable A rticles 30 Uniting Bees Ifi5 Virgin CiuGcns 10> Why Discouraging? 1'.' Writing for Publication :^1 V\ intering Bees in the Cellar A',' V\ ire Screen Separators Etc S'l V\'estcrn Bee-kee])er, The HI Why is Honey Not Used? 114 W inter Protection 144 White Combs for Starters 1S2 \\ ho Shall Fix the Price? lOS U ho Owns the Bees? 20li Zinc Entrance Guard to Protect from Robbers. .H4 Contributors. A. M. Applegatp C. B. Ilowaid, Secv. ('. Thf'ilinann Charles II. Petorson C. A. Hatch C. W. Parker Dr. A. B. Mason Dr. C. C. Miller .... ■'Ebenezer Skies'" Fred S. Emens .... Frank L. Rehn F. Griener 47,49. 87, 10;.\ 12\. 147, Fred Z. Jones. . G. M. Doolittle 90, 10(5, 133, 154. lOl. G. W. Demaree n. E. Hill H. Haffner H. M. Jameson . . . J. O. Grimslev J. F. Heath.' J. W. Tefft John Newton ... M. F. Reeve.. 3, 20, 43, Rev. C. M. Herring R. L. Todd ... . . , ■'Swarthmore" .... S. M. Keeler ... S. Fred H ax ton Willis Snow. ... W. H. Pridgen,30, 03. 8r.' VV. F. Marks \\ . T. St(>veiis()n 1 33 38 43 ()3 148 178 7. 137, 157 r.4. 231 4 48 33 107. 183. 301 333 103 31, 41, 04 0.5, 181, 301, 333 37 0, 23.5. 330 95 304 .339 07. 188 120 104, 144, 104, 189 .52. 103, 189 300 . ..3, 40. 01. 203 ...133, 141 .187 14 108. 140. 19:5 331 . 81 30.5 Illustrations. A Batch of Acme Cells A Florida Snow-drift Apiary of Frank L. Relin An Object Lesson After the Squall A Bad Case of Robbing- . . C. Theilmann Col. G. Garcia Viete C. A. Hatch "Even a Child Can Do It". Fred S. Emens Flora E. Frisbee Frisbee's Honey Show Case "Here She Is!'... Hon. Rufus K. Frisbee Hills' Tnrn-Table Hill's Cell-building I. W. Beckwith Siineezer J. VV. Tefft J. Charles Frisbee J. B. Hall .1. O. Grimsley . ... .... .... Landing of the Pilgrim Sons at Low Tide . Mel Boniim Apiary Natural Comb-building. . O. O. Poppleton Position of the Hands in Clipping Rehn's Apiary in Winter Quarters.. Rev. Chas. M. Herring Separable Cells Senor Carlos Sanz W. F. Marks W. H. Pridgcn \rrangement and His Wax 0 .34 45 .67 143 .44 105 148 186 1 140 149 87 145 107 225 47 08 140 300 339 135 100 131 331 187 25 102 230 105 89 THE A B G OFJEE CULTURE. 1899 Edition The only Cyclopedia on Bees. 2000 Copies sold in Eight Weeks If there is any book on bee-keeping of which bee-keepers hare reason to be proud, it is Root's A B (" of Bee I'ulture. I aui reminded of this by the receipt of a copy of the latest edition, which is jus* out. There is probably no firm iu the whole wide world posses.sing tte facilities and advantages of 'Ihe A. I. Root Co. for getting out a work of this kind. It has plenty of capital and a thorough- ly equipped printing office. More than this, there is an experience of more than a quarter of a century in actual, practical oee-keeping and in publishing a thoroughly progressive, up to-date bee journal. More than anj'one else, an editor has an opportunity for being fully informed regarding ihe actual state of the industry which his journal represents. Thousands of letters from all parts of the country pass under hi» eyes each year. In order that the best pc^sible advantage might be taken of the knowledge thus secured. The Root Co. has been to the expense of keeping the book standing in type. As often as new discoveries or changes are made a corresponding change is made in the subject matter of the A B C. By this method the last edition of the book is up to date. It cannot be otherwise than that the edition just out is decidedly the superior of any previous editions. When a beginner writes and asks me what book he'd better buy, I unhesitatingly tdi him, "Root's A B C of Bee Culture"— and I have a book of my own to sell.— /Editorial in Bee-keepers' Review, October, 1S99. For sale by all dealers in bee keepers' supplies or sent postpaid for $1.20 by THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. ANOTHEHIG orrEk SAY As I have explained in previous ad- vertisements, the publisher of a good Journal can aft'ord to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his .Jour- nal into new hands. I have in the past made several such offers, but here is one that I consider especially liberal. If you are not a subscriber to the BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW, Send me ^-^ ^1.30 ^^-^ And I will have your subscription to the American Bee-Keeper renewed for one year, send you 12 back numbers of the Review, and then the Review for all of 1899. Remember two things: You must be a NEW subscriber to the Review, and the order must be sent to W. Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MICH, bisgayi^e; bay Issued monthly. Terms, fifty cents a year. Address S. H. I^ichmond, editor, Cutler, Dade Co., Fla. Write for sam- ple copy. 12tf Over 1 200 000 copies of success with .. ? 7 : " ^ he Garden and Farm were mailed from the Reed City, Mich., postoffice last year, or more than 1(X),000 copies each issue iSubscription 30 cents per year. Advertising 40 cents per agate line. Success With The Garden and J? aim. Reed City, Mich. S. H. RICHMOND, RBAIj kstates. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railway, Perrine Grant. WANTED Did you know the Western Bee Keeper has changed-hands? C. H Qordon is now Editor and Publisher. Every b e e-k e e p ft, large or small, to send 15c for four months trial; sample copy free. 47 Good Block, Denver, Colorado. Bingham has made all the improvements in made in the last 20 years, undoubtedly he makes the best on earth. Smoke En- gine, 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail, $1..W: 3^ in., 11.10 ; 3 in., 11.00: 2^ in., 90c; 3 in., 70c; Little Wonder, 2-in., 65c; Knife, 80c. T. F. BIKGHAM, Farwell, Mich. MONTHS 10 CTS. ■MTRT4T. PnT?.l V "~~* ON TRIAL POR A I'>ri"-ht, Illustratc-d. Farm, Stoeliind the excluder; therefore all cell- cutting is entirely avoided — bees will sel- dom swarm with a young queen, 3'ou know. All}- [jlan tor the pre\ention of swarm- ing, or for any other purpose, that leaves a colon)- queen less for more than a few hours, is woefully wasteful. But, if no cells are at hand at the time of removing the queen the bees may be allowed to build some from the young brood left be- hind the zinc; then either destro\- all but one cell at the end of the twelfth day (when t!ie excluder should be removed), or the cells may be left as they have been built (behind the zinc) until the young queens have hatched, destroyed each other and but one remains; then remove the queen excluder to allow the reigning virgin a wedding flight. Another plan and altogether the best one, for young queens are always wanted in a large yard, is to start some queen cells in the queenless seclion, a la Doo. little, and have them going along while the laying queen is confined to the single comb. Under the conditions present at this time the best of queens will be reared at no cost and with very little trouble. Take lieed, however, that no cells are left in this compartment long enongh to hatch, for if the}' should there would be swarming galore, at its very most, too; with virgin queens. Now, Mr.Editor,ifthis matter is thought intere.sting to the readers of The Bee-Keep- er I will contiime the subject in the next number and tell how I secure an extra large force of workers and compel them to enter the boxes just at the opening of the honey flow by the U. D. manipula- tion, which does away Avith nearly all the internal performances neces.sary in other plans recommended. In fact, my plan is so simple that one man can prepare an out-yard of one hundred colonies in a single day; furthermore, the apiarist may rest as.sured that there will be no more swarming from the colonies thus prepared than from the same colonies worked for extracted honey. Swarthmore, Pa. [We shall be pleased to have ''Swarth- more" present his methods in detail of preventi'ng swarming, etc , as suggested, and our pieavSure would be increased by his permission to publish his pen produc- tions over his real and full name. With the possible exception of certain peculiar instances the use of a no)/i cfe />/ awe iendi^ to detract from the interest that the read- er would otherwise take in any communi- cation.— Ed.] The Sandy Bend Editor. BV EBENEZER SKIES. 'OOD mornin,' Ebenezer, you haint seen nothen of a stray shoat over this way, her you?' * "Well no, neighbor vSherret, we haven't. Will you not sit down a bit. How's all the folks with you?'' "Tolerable, tolerable, thankee, 'cepten mj' daurter Hannah, .she's got the quin,sy right bad." "Quinsy, eh! a very disagreeable thing. What's she doing for it?" "Oh nothin' much, "cept eatin' a little salt now'n then." "We have had the quinsy several times ourself, and we will tell you what Eliza Jane always does for us. She always gathers some well ripened sumac seeds. That is, when the clusters are at their reddest. Sumac seeds, you know are .sour and astringent. Well, just as soon we feel the quinsy coming on, or, in fact when any of the family gets a bad sore throat, she picks off about a half a pint of seeds and puts them in a pint tin cup and fills it nearl}' full of water and .sets in on the stove, and lets it boil until the water just nicely covers the seeds. She then 1900 TEE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 5 pours this out into a tea cup and adds as much honey as there is of the decoctidu. We believe buckwheat honey is the best. We use it as a jrargle every hour or so. It never fails to give relief. I'll have Eliza Jane tie up some of the seeds for you to take home with you." "Thankee! thankee! It do beat the stars how many things honey kin be used fer. Now ni}' wife Betsy thinks ther's nothin' in the world fer a burn like a paste of flour and honey — put on a rag and tied on, you know." "Yes, and what's better for boil than poultice of soap and honey?" "And hoarhound and honey fer cough or cold." "Yes that's good. But we believe that ihe best expectorant and cough remedy in the world is made from colts-foot, or -wild ginger, hoarhound and honey. Two ounces of colts-foot, one-half ounce hoar- hound put in a pint of water and boiled until it is reduced to a half a pint; strain and dii half a pint of good clover honeyi and bottle. Dose, a teaspoonful every two hours and at bed time." "For croup we don't believe there is any- thing better than honey and alum. Put a teaspoonful of pulverized alum in three tablespoonfuls of honey. Give a tea- spoonful every fifteen or twenty minutes until the youngster throws up the phlegm that is causing the croup." 'Yes, and it do beat the stars what good things the weeman kin make to eat outer honey, too. Betsy kin make the nicest kind of cakes and cookies by usen honey. And last hollow eve }'ou ought to have seen the taffy she made outer boilen down honey and stiren in hickory nut goodies and a little butter and a pinch of salt. ' ' •'That just reminds us of the honey ice cream that Eliza Jane made last Fourth of July. She put a pint of honey in a pan and set it on the fire and scorched it thoroughly. This was then stirred in three quarts of cream, together with a pint of good clover honey, making four quarts in all. This was put in the freezer and frozen. Strange as it may seem the scorched honey gave it a del- icate carame -like flavor. Noother flavor- ing was used." "Yes, I just bet that would beat the stars. And while about it I'm goin' to give you Betsy's receipt for makin' pun en-sass with honey. vShe peels and slices enough punken to make about a gallon when cooked. When its cooked nice and fine she puts in a lump of butter about as big as a hen's egg, a little .salt and a teaspoonful of ginger. Mix this thoroughly and set off" the fire; when it is about half cold she adds a quart of clover or basswood honey. When she puts it in the dish for the table she puts a little milk in it. It beats the stars how the youngsters do gobble it up. But, by liokey, I must be on the move or that shoat will git clear out of the country. So mornin'. Ebenezer " "Good morning, neighbor Shenet; come again." We allowed to give -our friend Hafl&ns another lesson this time, but Uncle Jonathan Sherret staid so long this morn- ing that we have hardly time, and will stand him off until the next time. (To be Continued) ♦ * » A writer in the Canadian Bee Journal tells the editor of a few things in regard to how a bee- paper should be run. Here are two of them: "It should .strictly exclude from its colums all reports of big crops." -;«■ * * "I think that a bee journal should honestly publish failures." We do not know of a bee-paper that does not "honest- ly"' publish failures," but if the world is to have a journal that chronicles only failures, its pages, to be appropriate, should be a sombre blue, with a cover of black crape, and its title, "Blasted Hopes. " < * » Self Culture, a high class monthly, sent with the American Bee-Keeper for |i.oo a 3^ear. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. January A Floral "Snow-Drift." HV H. E. HII^I.. N MAKING a hurried move some distance up the river, in November, the eight-frame, single- story, L hive, which was in u.se as a fertilizing hive, .shown in the accompany- ing picture, being in an isolated nook, was over- looked. Some ten days later, when I returned for it, it was found almo,st com- pletely buried by a solid mass of creani}'- white flowers. The vine is known localh' as Madara-vine, though it is not the During the day, while writing the letter on 'Locality" for the December nimiber of The Bee-Keeper, I ha 1 thouglit much about the vast difference of conditions that obtain at the same time in our own country. In .some parts of the North I knew that the .snow-drifts were fence- high, and as I discovered the buried hive l>eneatli its load of flowers, "Here is a South Florida, 'snow drift,' " thought I — a tropical, floral '"snow-bank," gay with butterflies, sweet with the perfume of Inirsting blossoms and musical with the hum of busy bees. Truly ours is a great country, and the matter of locality in many ways is one that has a most import- ant bearing upon our industry. Then, glancing down the river shore. A 1 I.OKIDA "SNOW DKIl'T." true Madara-vine, and it had entwined itself compactly about everything in the immediate location of the hive. The mass of delicate white blos.somshad come to beautify the place almo.st with the sud- denness of the snow-falls in the North, west, of whirli I had just been reading. I observed a lone cabbage-palm, another of our beautiful nectar-yielding trees, .standing in the water's edge. "What a lovely initial that would make," thought I again. If only The Bee-Keeper had ten thousand subscribers, so that the expense were justified, or, rather, made possible 19U(> THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. for me to hear, what a genuine pleasure it would be to "dish up" all the pretty and interesting subjects that fall in the way of a traveling bee-keeping editor. But this time 1 determined to gratify the in- clination and turned my camera upon the lone "cabbage"' that stood for Indian river, hud "stood" so well out into its waters that its roots were twice each day bathed by the flowing tides. Fort Pierce, Fla., Dec. 20, 1S99. From (i/eaiiiugs in Bee Culture. KIVH-BANDED BEES. Question. — Are Golden Italians what are called by some people five banded bees? Answer.— The worker bees from an imported queen direct from Italy show two colors on the abdomen, next to the thorax. That on each segment nearest the thorax is of a leather color, and that farthest from the thorax being of a brown- ish-black color. This gave birth to the expression, "three-banded bees. " As the breeding toward the yellow progressed, some individual workers were found hav- ing a very narrow stripe of yellow on the fourth segment of the abdomen, and with this stripe came the contention that the Italian was not a pure race of bees but a mongrel or thoroughbred, as the question arose regarding this fourth band thus: "If bees showing three bands are pure, what are those showing j-ellow on four?" As the breeding for the yellow continued, that on all the segments be- came wider and wider, the yellow en- croaching on the black or dark more and more all the while, until individual specimens began showing a very minute stripe on the front edge of the fifth seg- ment, which gave rise to the present term "five-banded." As this yellow on the fifth segment increased, the dark or black stripes on the first, second and third seg- ments \anished altogether; and as pro- gress continued the black finally dis- appeared on the fourth segment also, which made this individual bee appear like a lump of gold as it sported in the sunshine in front of its hive This gave berth to the name "Golden Italians.'- .\nd thus it is that five-banded bees and the Golden Italians are one and the same thing, only the guldens are a little farther advanced in the race towards the yellow line than arc the five-banded. While this is so, the two terms are very largely used indiscriminately, both being applied to the verv vellow bees of todav. Dr. Mason in Bee-Keepers' Rei'ie7f: BH.ST QUEENS, ETC. In The American Bee Keeper Mr. Ed. Jolley says: Dr. Miller says that the queen f om the first sealed cells are the best. My experience is that when a 8 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. January colony in normal condition is deprived of its queen it will, in its haste to replace her. choose a larva that is too old to pro- duce a first-class queen. Queens from the cells that are sealed from one to two days after the first ones will be the best ones — queens that are in every way equal to those ]>roduced by natural swarming. The cells last .sealed are apt to be on lar- vae that are too old; .so that neither the first nor the last are as good as the '•come- betweens." We all know that Dr. Miller and Mr. JoUey are both pretty good authority, but my experience is the same as Mr. Jolley's in cases where a colony is .suddenly de- prived of its queen, and left '.o raise an- other; or where the the queen has been removed for the purpo.se of producimr (jueen-cells. .Some of these first sealed have a look of inferiority: and, with me, have produced inferior queens. CLASS OVER SKCTIONS. Farther on in his article, in speaking of .the desirability of having comb honey sections nice, clean, and white, he .says: 1 have been trying a plan this season which, .so far, has given good .sati.sfaction. I put a piece of glass the size of the section crate overtlie sections. The glass lying flat on the smooth , upper surface of the .sections leaves no room for \no- ])olis. It is not necessary to lift it until the su])er is c mpleted. Vou can look down through the glass and through the interstices of the .sections, and see their progress without disturbing the bees with smoke, breath, or air. I ])ut a cloth o cr the glass in some hives, and leave .some without anything. The bees work equal- ly as well in one as the other. Probably there are manv localities where a gki.ss honey-l)oard like that would be real nice to have, but I 11 guarantee that if Mr. Jolley were to produce honey in my locality he would need to buy his glass by the carload, or scrape the pro- jiolis from the bees" legs before they en- tered till' hive, for they would so fasten the glass to the sections that the easiest way to remove it woulrl be with a ham- mer; but it would be a treat to be able to see the l)ees at work between the sections- Subscribe for the .■\merican Bee-Kee]ier, 50 cents a j'car. The New York Bee-Disea.se, or the di.s- ease now prevailing among the bees of that state, is thus clearly described by the bee inspector. N. D. West, in Glean- ings in Bee Culture: •'We have, I think, more than one kind of disease on the ui'ound, and yet there seems to be a tracing from what I have called pickled brood, all the way along from bad to worse, and in different stages, until at last it so closely resembles foul brood that it is difficult to draw the line between this and the genuine foul brood, although some of the dead brood will be found at times to be flattened down into the cell, and will be about the color of white glue, and will, when a tooth pick is placed in it, draw out from its cell from yi to }:^ of an inch. But you have to hold your tooth pick with an object in view and try to get it to .string out or it wil: not follow the tooth i)ick at all. Some of this becomes coffee- colored, and is rotten in the cell, and will string out .some, but it will not break and .sj)ring back like rubber; neither do the combs, when held close to the nose, give off that offen.sive and sickening odor that I get from what I call the old-time foul brood. The hive, when o))ened, or a comb held close to one's nose will give a kind of sour smell,, or odor; but one of these coffee colored, rotten brijod, when remo\ed from the cell and held close to the nose, ^\ill have a sort of rotten smell only. But take a hive full of brood, three fourths of it good brood and one-fourth of it bad brood, as described above, and place it on top of a pretty good swarm to hatch ; ])lace a queen-excluding /.incl)etween the hives, and keep the (jueen below, and in due time the brood a1)ove the excluder will all be hatched out, and all of the bad brood will be cleaned out of the combs, and no more trace of the bad brood is .seen in these hives that season. This has been my own experience in my own api- aries this season, and these colonies iu the lower hives were slightly affected, as well as the brood placed on lop of the colonies." 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. t) PI-ni.ISHED MONTHLY HY THE W T. FALCONER MANFQ. CO. H. E. HILL, Editor. Terms : Fifty cents a year in advance : 2 copies, S5cts ; 3 copies. $1. jo ; all to be sent to one postoflice. Postage prepaid in the U. S. and Canada ; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal niiion, and 20 cents e.vtra to all other countries. Advertising Rates : Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; Snooper inch. 5 per cent, discount for two insertions: 7 per cent, for 3 insertions ; lo percent for 6 in.sertions ; 20 percent, for 12 insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the month foUowin.a;. ly be addressed to THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, F'alconer, N. Y. ©ir"Articles for publication, or letters exclus- ively ior the editorial department, may be ad- dressed to H. E. HIL,L, Fort Pierce, Florida. 4®" Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription ex- pires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. SS' A led wrapper on your paper indicates tha; yon owe for your suliscription Please give the matter yoiir early attention. The Australian Bee Bulletin reconi- niends, instead of wires a stick the same .size as the bottom-bar. placed horizontally in the middle of the frame, as a stippi irt to brood and extracting combs. The Japanese, it is said, keep fully 2,000 colonies of bees within three miles of Honolulu. The second abundant flow of honey-dew in over 25 years is reported to have occur- red in his locality la.st fall, by F. ing package for honey, and the editor says that in his travels through Wiscon- sin he found all the extensive producers 10 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. January used barrels; that the buyers expect to find it in barrels and prefer it in that way. If the producer and the consumer find the barrel most advantageous, the prefer- ences of the middleman is a matter hard- ly worthy of note. The nineteenth annual convention of ihe Northeastern Ohio and Northwestern Pennsylvania Hee-Keepers' Association will he held in Chapman hall, Andover, Ohio, January 17 and 18, 1900. The program includes a number of very inter- esting subjects, which all bee-keepers and their friends are invited to discuss. A rate of 1 1. 00 a day has been secured for those in attendance, at the Arlington hotel, and it is urged that as many bee- keepers as can conveniently do so will attend. Copies of the program may be had by addressing the .secretar3% Mr. Ed. Jollev, Franklin, I'a. BKE-KKEl'KRS' INSTITUTES. A clerical error in the publication of- fice is responsible for the non-appearance in our last i.ssue of an announcement of the dates of a series of bee-keepers' meet- ings held at various points throughout the state, and the last of wiiich will occur at Geneva on January toth. Through the effort of the New York State .\ssociation of Bee-Keepers' Societies this new departure in educational work lias been undertaken bv the Bureau of Fanners' Institutes of the State of New York, under the directorship of Mr. F. E. Dawley. and much credit is due the State Association for the good work it has ac- complished since its organization in 1S98. The Bee-Keeper regrets the error on its part, and hereby humbly tenders to Tresi- dent Marks due apologies; pledging our best efforts to avoid a repetition of the blunder which precluded the possibility of our a.s.^istirig the good cause on this oc- casif)n. I-UICI). S. EMENS. Mr. 1''. vS. Emeus, whose likeness it is air pleasure to present in connection with an article on the care of comb honey elsewhere in this number of The Bee- Keeper, was born at Varick, Seneca county, N. Y., March 4, 1865, and spent the first twenty years of his life in America on a farm. Since that time he has been occupied in a general store, acting as postmaster at I'ayette, N. Y., during eight years of the period. He has served one term as town clerk, and is a member of the M. E. Church. Mr.Emens began his bee-keeping car- eer at the tender age of ten years, in a small way, and has since been constant- ly engaged in the business very success- fully, harvesting tons of comb honey every year from his apiary of about 60 colonies, which is run exclusively for the produc- tion of comb honey. Mr. Emens has for five successive years been president of the Seneca County Bee- Keepers' Association; and is now serving his second term as vice president of the New York State Association of Bee-Keep- ers' Societies. Lastly, we are pleased to announce, Mr.. Emeus is also a member of The American Bee-Keeper's staffof contributors for 1900, and he is eminently capable of giving us much that sviU be interesting and help- ful during the vear. HON. JEAN I,. 15LKNETT RE ELECTED. -At the risk of being accused of "med- dling with politics, " we openly proclaim our sorrow at finding that we have not a rooster in the office that we might stamp upon this page to crow long and loud for Jean L. Burnett, the bee keepers' friend, recently re-elected from Ontario county, N. Y., to serve another term in the State A.ssembly. President W. F. Marks, of the N. Y. S. A. B. K. S. in a recent letter to The Bee- Keeper, says: "You will remember Mr. Burnett as the champion in the last legislature of our new fotil brood law. Bee keepers of this .state are to be congratulated on his 190(1 THE A2IERICAN BEE-KEEPER. U re-election, as they have found in him a valuable frieml in the Assembly." The i'ollovving extract from the Lyons Republican tells how Mr. Burnett is re- garded at home; which indicates that he is as "solid" with his neighbors as with the bee-keeping public: "Hon. Jean L. Burnett, of Ontario, was re-elected to the Assembly on Tuesday- b}- one of the largest majorities ever given to a candidate in that county. His majority in the county was 2.244. In the city of Geneva alone he received 537 majority, while in his home town of Canandaigua he received 1,042 votes to his opponent's 359, giving him a majority of 683 in his own town. Mr. Burnett's constituents ■evidently appreciate his able services in the Legislature and the}' have showetl their appreciation in a nuinner which is highly complimentary to Mr. Burnett." INFI^UKNCE OF CIJMATE OX HONEV. The following explanation was tendered by President Whitcomb at the Philadel- phia convention of the United States Bee- Keepers' Association in response to the Bee-Keeper's exceptions to some of the remarks attributed to him at Omaha: "In some remarks made at the Omaha convention relative to the influence of climate on honey, I was slightly mis- quoted, as the.se remarks were only in tended to compare the effects of climate on the kinds of honey produced in our climate and not to contrast our own honey with that produced in Florida. Texas and other Southern states. I said that taking white clijver, for instance we were not able to compete in richness, density and flavor with Minnesota. Wisconsin, north- ern New York and Canada. In our own state we have found that the best ]>reui- iunis arc taken by the more northern counties while in heartsease honey the\ were not able to compete with our own locality. I have been a newspaper man for more than twenty years and I know what a controversy through the press means, and have forborne making this explanation until this time, in order to do full justice to the bee-keepers of the South who.se product I am little ac- quainted with, and whom I recognize as producing fine honey of their class, and which we could not hope to produce, or even make a comparison with any other produced anywhere. I am not at all sur- prised that these remarks, going out as they did, should be re.sented, but trust that my explanation will be received in the kindly .spirit in which it is made." From the above it would appear that Mr. Whitcomb has been grossly mis- quoted. Contrast the foregoing with this sentence, which he was reported to have made at Omaha, and which The Bee-Keeper objected to; "Climate has much to do witli the flavor of honey; a warm climate producing that of inferior qual ty, and a colder climate producing honey of much belter flavor." Now it transpires that Mr. Whitcomb was speaking solely of Northern honey; confessing to only a slight knowledge of the product of the Southern states. BUSINESS COURTES^ . Under this heading we could write an article of almost indeiinate length, were we so disposed, for our long experience in business affairs has brought the subject very vividly to our notice many times Courtesy should always be .shown in all matters; it leaves a good impression and is conducive to friendly feelings which coldness and inattention do not beget. We recently experienced one of the most flagrant examples of discourtesy, not to sa}' business idiocy, with which it has been our displeanire to come in contact. We recently sent out to several pul)lications a sugge.stion to exchange advertising space. Almost without exception these were met in a most coui'teous manner. Here is one of t!ie exceptions, and tlie instance to which we refer above, in answer to our letter to a German publica- tion in St. Louis, entitled "Herold des Glanbeus " we received the following: "Gentlemen: Your proposition has been received and was promptly deposited into the waste- basket. When you get ready to pay 'cash' for your advertising we shall be pleased to hear from you. Yours truly, L. B. Blankemeier, Manager." 13 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. .JuiiH(ir(f And this, inind >on, was printed on a postal card, sliowin}? tlial it is their cus- tom to send such a reply to any propo- sition that does not meet with their un- biased ajjproval. For a conii)arison we also print another letter, received in tlu same mail. "Tiiic Christian IIi;i-elves ofyour kind pro])0- sition of tlie i6tii inst. Thanking you for same, 1 am. \'ouis \(.r\' lrul\-, 1*. J}. Hromiield, .AIkt. Advj^. Depl." Now. whicli of these two pa]iers do you suppose will receive our "cash" adver- tising, which by the way is several thous- and dollars a \ v^'ar ? It surely is not diffi- cult to surmis-; (Jne is the letter of a gentleman, the other that of— well we do not doubt b'.l thai our readers are al)le to fdl theblauk. win- i)iscniK.\(', INC? Among the "(rood Things From Other Journals," which Dr. Mason selects for the I'.ee-Keeiiers' Review, the following item is (|uoteil from a pa])er known as "Wurer/.burger Wegwerser;" "A Holl- ander b\ the name of Verholen, for sev- eral years, uilji llie most tenacious per- tinacity, trie.! in Java to domesticate the big Indian l)ee. but all in vain. Kighty- seveii different t-olonies were captured and hived, but every .single colony de- serted its brood and honey, and took il.s ile])arture." The doctor then follows with this editorial from the .\merican Bee Journal, which he is inclined to regard as "still more discouraging, if po.ssible, than the above." "Apis dorsata was discussed in convention by .-\u.stralian bee-keep ers. II. b. Jones read a ])apermoileratelv favoring their introduction Mr. Pender thought they might be valuabie for wax production .Mr. Bradley ^aid he had lived long years in India, and the man who would bring them into .\ustraHa should be prosecuted. They were migra- tory, as bad as wasps, with .stronger col- onies. Mr. Abram told of a gentleman who had gone to expen.se and travel and then decided to let them alone. Mr. Jones said a gentleman in Singapore wa> trying to domesticate them. It begins to look as if a good deal of time and valu- able space had been taken up in talking and writing about a])is dorsata. The Italian bee will likely 'hold the fort' for stmie time yet." W'e share with Dr. Mason the interest be feels in the efforts being made to domesticate dorsata, but are far, very far from sharing the discouragement which the foregoing items seem to have imparted in his case. The editorial was not a re- port of the Australian convention, but a brief tesume of the particular feature in which the Journal was, perhaps, most in- terested. The paramount question anumg bee- keepers of Australia todav is, not to sec- ure more honev Ijut rather to de\elop a market for thatalread\- on hand and now coming in. Uidike .\merica, tiie talk is all "markets," "exports" and "board of exports." An idea of the general situa- tion there existing may Vje gathered from the statement of one of the ]Dartici])ant.-; in the convention to which the Journal refers: "Our bees produce loo much honey now " This remark was delivered during the discussion which followed the reading of ^Ir. Jones' ])a])er "nioderatelv favoring" the introduction of dorsata. ([uoled bv the Journal, and it echoes the sentiment of Australian bee-keepers to- day. Is it any wonder that any project likely 10 increase the production of honey shoidd be unpopular? Increased produc- tion would mean still Icwer jjrices for them. .\s lo the Hollander, and the W'urerz- burger Wegwerser. it is not im])robable that a commendable effort was made to domesticate the giant bee, and his efforts, if as rei)orled, vvoidd be creilitable to the rniled .States government. Fncle Sam 1900 TEE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 13 has not done so ninch for his people in this line as this one lone Dutchman, and we cannot help feeling some regret that the latter did not tr}' two or three more colonies. His faith may have failed him just before the dawn of success. It is possible, of course, that he might never have accomplished his desired end: for, have not seventy times eightv -seven col- onies been experimented with "all in vain," in trying to have queen cells ac- ,cepted,built, and queens fertilized alx>ve .an excluder with a laying queen below? And all these failures in view of the fact •that the plan is an established success — all pursued under exj^licit, printed instruc- tions. What Australia, Ihjlland or China may think or want in relation to this matter is of no concern to America. To be content with mere foreign rumor when the up- builJing of our industr}- is at stake, ill be- comes .American enterprise. It is abso- lute knowledge of the matter and the op- portunity to prolit by whatever good may develop, that is demanded by the agricult- ural intere.sts of //lis country. That we yet remain thus ignorant of tins subject, as Prof. Cook has said, ' is nut creditable to the enterprise of our time." .\nd to quote again. from Langstroth, "It behooves our government to take .such matters in band for the pul),ic u:ood."" Surely we are not to forsake our t'ailh. our long-cherished hope and ambition, through fear of a mere .shadow. New York State Association of Bee Keepers' Societies. The annual meeting of the New York State Association of Bee-Keepers" Societies will be held in the parlors of the Kirk- wood Geneva, X. V., Jainiary lo. 1900, at eleven o'c'ock. ;i. ni. .\11 bee-keepers societies in the state are hereby notified and reque.sted to send delegates. An ur- gent invitation to attend is also extended to everybody interested in apiculture. Bv order President. Migratory Bee-Keeping in Pennsyl- vania. The following extract from a report of a recent meeting of The Philadelphia Bee-Keepers' Association is from The Ledger of that city : It is not uncommon for bee-keepers in Eastern Pennsylvania to move their col- onies to the marsh districts along shore to get the benefit of the stores in the smartweed blooms. vSome go into camit tor this ju.st as sugarmakers do in the wilds of Maine, extracting the combs day by day. coming out at the close of the brief sea.son with barrelfuls of nectar to be fed back, ripened and sealed over when the hives are again on the stands at home. -Mr. P'lower .suggests that in the moving especial thought should be given to hav- ing sufficient ventilation during hot weather. The best method of shipping is to remove the covers and bottoms, and cover the bodies with fine wire cloth. If the bees are to be in the hives more than twent3--four hours, a piece of sponge should be laid on top at one corner, and be kept saturated with water, .so the bees nia\- satisfy their thirst. "Taking into consideration the fact th it there are nearly a million bees in every colony,"' explained the glib venilor of patent hives, "and that each bee has lo make something like 750 trips a day to and from the surplus boxes with his lioney, you will readily see that by adopt- ing this arrangen-.ent you are saving the bees in your five colonies nearly ry.ooo miles of travel on foot every year; for we give the supernatural position, and it stands to reason — " "Say, stranger, I reckon we'll make out with the old uns a while yet,' quoth the prospective victim, .seriously. "I was allers a mite skeery o' these '.supernateral' iixins. anvbow: and I must go."' — ♦•♦ — In India the rhododendron grows to a height of 30 feet. Marigolds and cam- omiles in North Africa reach a height of four or five feet. 14 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. January Freeport, Me., Nov. 2, iSqg. American Bee-Keeper: A short note in regard to honey crop in some parts of Maine from my own observation : E. H. Gammon, Yarmouth, 75 colonies of bees, not any surplus honey. K. F. Wells, New Gloucester, 55 colonies, no surplus, 25 colonies taken up and de- stroyed, no honey to winter on. George Clark, New Gloucester. 10 colonies, very little honey. D. W. Alexander, Rich- mond, 32 colonies, a few colonies with a little surplus, most of them very light for winter. Mr. Grant, Clinton, exhibited at Maine state fair, reports very little comb honey My bees — nine colonies — 40 lbs. comb honey. Several others that I have not visited give varying reports, from 40 lbs. per colony to none« — most of them none. Yours very respectfully, Willis Snow. The Self Culture Magazine (fi.oo a year) with the American Bee-Keeper, ^i.oo a 3' ear. * » » — Money and Beeswax Market Report. Below we give the latest and most authentic report of the Honey and Heeswax market in dif_ A.'rent trade centers: W.\SHINGTON GRADING Kt'LKS. Fancy. — All sections to be well filled; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. I. — All sections well filled, but coml)s un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. . In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber Jind dark, That is. there will be "fancy white," No. I, dark, etc. Chicago, Dec. 15 — We quote best white comb at 15c; an occasional small lot of fancy sells at )6c; off grades of white, 12 @ i4c;anibers,iofS', 12c. Kxtracted, S («i 9c for fancy white, 7 fe 8c for am- ber; 6 (Si 7c for dark grades. Receipts are larger and the demand is not as good as it has been; most of the retailers have laid in a supply to carry them over the Christ- mas time. R. A. Burnett & Co. Ci.NciNNATi, Dec. 15. — There is a good demand for all kinds of extracted honey. White clover and basswood sell at 8 (d\ S'/^c; amber and South- ern, 6 @ 7c, according to quality and package. Fancy comb honey in no-drip shipping cases sells at 15 @ i6c; darker grades hard to .sell at any price. Beeswax, 26c. C. H. W. Weber. Successor to Chas. K. Muth & Son and .\. Muth. Kansas City, Dec. iS. — We quote No. 1 white comb: 13^ @ 14c; No. 2, 13 (S^ 13^^; No. i amber, 13 @ 13KC; No. 2, 12 (Si 13c. Extracted, white lM («i He: amber, 7 (??, 7'/2c; dark, 5^ @ 6c. Bees- wax, 20 @ 22c. C. C. CLEMONS& Co. New York, Dec. 20. — Demand is very good for all grades of comb honey. Receipts are some" what light and not up to former years. We quote: Fancy white, i.sc; No. i, white; 13 @ 14c; amber, II @ 12c; and buckwheat, 9 @. iic, as to quality. Extracted remains firm at following prices: California white, S^sc; light amber, 8c; white clover and basswood, Sc; amber, "jYiC. Very lit- tle trade for extracted buckwheat as yet. South- ern, fancy, 7^c per pound; other grades, as to quality, from 70c to 75c gallon. Beeswax quie^. at 26 @ 27c. HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN. Omaha, Dec. 19. — The November trade has up to the present not been as good as was expected, and shows a falling off from October. It seems that somewhat higher prises this fall are affect- ing the consumptive demand to some extent^ still tlie warm weather yet prevailing in this part of the country may also be responsible for part of it. While trade has been light, prices have been well maintained, nobody being burd- ened with stouk tv) such an amount as to become oppressive. Fancy white still going at I4@ji4}'jC. and light amber i cent less. K.\tracted, white, 8@8J^c.— Peycke Bros. BOOKS FOR BEE=KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long experience, should have at least one good text book upoQ the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee keeping In ordering by mail be sure to add the amount of postage named. Post. Price. Ex. A B O of Bee Culture (A. T. Kootl, cloth, $1 00 20c Bee Keepers' (iuide (Prof. A. J. Cook) 100 15c Langstrothon Honey Bee, rev. (Dadantj. .1 10 15e Quinby's New Bee-Keepinf? (Quinby) 140 lOo Thirty Year.s Among Bees (Alley) 48 2o H ow to .M anage Bees ( V.'indruff) 25 5o Amateur Bee Keeper (Rouse) 20 5o THE W. T. FALCONER MFQ. CO. Jamestown. N. Y. 1900 TEE AMERICA'S' BEE-KEEPER. 15 Incubator Free ON TRIAL. •yHE NEW C. VON CULIN INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every hatchable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. ( Incubator Department Jamestown, N. Y. A monthly journal devoted to the interest of Pet Bt'ok, Pigeons and fancy poultry. Subscription SO cts. Free sample if you mention the Bee-Keeper 1-tf American Pet Stock Journal, Montpelier, Ind. U. S. A. Send for list of 100 standard volumes in * Handsome Library Binding. Every annual subscriber for the International Magazine, (Only $1.00) May have one of these fine books for 20c. to cover packing, postage, etc. Sample copies of the magazine 10c. each. A. T. H. Brower. Publisher, 358 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. 1-tf DIRECT FROM PRODll(Eg,;;;;tR^X°" JOBBER^ Q^I^I^^MER EVERYTHIHO(l^)Fo»?MI^OPy piEAst MENTION ^ GREAT OR SMALL ^ ^'^ *^^^ WRITE FOR CATALOOUE . ENCLOSE 10 aS.TO HELP PkY POSTAGE 1-tf CLUBBING LIST. We will send the Auerican Bee-Keepkb with the — PUB. BOTH American Bee Journal, - $1 00 $1 35 Bee-Keepers' Review, - - 1 00 1 35 Canadian Bee Journal, - 1 00 1 35 Qleanltigs in Bee Culture, - 1 00 1 35 American Quf-en, - - 50 60 Self Culture Magazine, - • 1 00 1 00 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE ■rade Marks Designs .... Copyrights Ac. Anyone sending a sketch and description mar quickly ascertain our opinion free whether au invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Scientific JUnerican. A handsonielv illustrated weekly. I-argest cir- culation of aiiv scientific journal. Terms, fd a vear ; four months, $1. Sold byall newsdealere. MUNN XCo-^^'^-^"-:' New York Branch Office, 625 F St., Washington, B. C. 16 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEl'Eli. January **It is Unique' PETS AND ANIMALS 'I'liis S)ik>ii(lii-ics of aiiiuial liic; (il'"sa;.'acity and failli- fulness little hss than Imiiuui, disidayed by dunili <;ieutiire8. Instructive artil bvoadins the mind of the iiersoii who performs the servii e. THr:sE Two Pictures Free To introduce I'kts .\m> Am.mai.s into new lionns, ve will send it one year for only 50 cents, and t;ive abso- lutely free two aninial pictures, shown here in iiiinia- lure. These are reproductions of the famous painlinu's, " Spoiiintr theGanu-,"and "A Disgrace to tin l''amily." ICacli picture is ia.\18 inches in size, and reprodui-esall the colors of the original jiaintiiiK. Iin(d; stores sell -uch tdctures for from .')0 cents to $1.00 eaih. Reiiu.in- it'.-r. Pets and Animals one year for only fifty c<'nts, with both tlie.se pictures— lOxis inches, in colors— abso- lutely free. This ofter is good for thirty days onlv. (!ei two of your friends to subscribe.send us their names and $1.00, and you will receive our jouriml one year and the pictures without cost. Ad.dress, The Home City Publishing t'oiupany, No. • 15 Gotwald Building. .'^prin;rfield, O. Two Cents a week brings to \-ui The American lan- cief, conducted Viv' J.H. Drevenstedt, tl)3 Only Weekly Poultry Paner in America. iGio 24 pat,'es every week. Tln' best \vi-iters write for it; the best breeders advertise in it. Subscription $1 a year. Sample copies 5 cents. Address, American ^ancie^, ....JOHNSTOWN. N.Y. 1-tf Manij Bohemians HtJ.-^K'OI^AK, Uuiaiia, Neb. application, are Bee-Keepers. Advertife your supplies in tie Saujple copies on 1-tf The Farmers' Institute Roltetiii ■ ■^^ Ih^h V^Bm Occupies a field feculiarly its own. Ne other paper is like it. It is copyrighted. It Contains: Fafls Relating to Agriculture, Tables . Analyses of Foods and Fertilizers; F< r ulas tor Home Making; The I,: Ic i Developments in Scientific Agriculture; Sketches regarding the most noted Inotitctc workers, their farms and their stock, and fine half-tone pictures of them; Thought- ful articles from the best posted agricul- turists, full of meat for the progresssivc farmer. bulletins Briefed: Being the cream of Experiment Station in- vestigation from every State in the Union, prepared expressly for the Bulletin by an expert. This feature alone is worth the subscription price. Keep Posted: The farmers' Institute BuHetin is now issued monthly and the subscri;.tion price s $i per year. Send loc lor a three months' trial subscription. Write now to the farmers' losfitote Bolletin Publisi? (o. ELLIS WOODWORTH, manager Fayetteville, N. Y, All tine Leading Agricultural arMl Scientific Boolts on Sale. IN TENNESSEE There is only one Up-t '-(late journal puhlished in the interest of Agriculture and Manufacture. The West Irnnpssrr Industrial Journal leads all oth rs A VIonthlv In lustiiiil Journal wuh agrowi g ci culation. (las now mcue thn .'5,000 readers. ubscription price 60 eta a year in adviince. Advertising rates made known on ap- l)licition. ^dJi-ess The West Tennessee ludust ial Jourhal, 1-tf I'yris, Tennessee. Home rorum Benefit Order 56 Fif h Avenue, Chicago, III A.«sessinent and ^ccid nt insurance, loi ge plan, for men and women ssessinent r.ites rea-. nable, Keserve fund prov ded for Solicitors warned. Best terras to first-class organizers. /'. /.. McKINNLE, President. 1-tf PR A NK CL K NDh NIJV. Sec. THE CLEVELAND LIVE STOCK NEWS Cleveland, 0 A spcciil pni er for a speeJHl cla.ss. a cliiss nf ui'iiev nmki rs and luoney s|ieii^ULJfe)g Tlie Leadinjr AGRICULTURAL JOUR- NAL of the South. No Farmer, Fruit Grower, Stockraiser, PoultrvmMU, Dairymau, or even Housewife can afford to be without this vakiable paper. Sample copies sent free on application. Advertising rates reasonable. HELXO! Do you want some good POULTRY ? We have some fine White Wonders. R. C. B. Leghorn , H. r. Rocks. Partridge <'ochins, lacit Golden and S. .S. Wyandotfes and fine Toulouse Greese If yni want some of them send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, The Eureka ''oultry Farm, Hamburg, Wis. Established over 18 years. 1-tf A Hniall Poultry Farm l8 Better than a Gold Mine if jou know how tornc the business. There's $ Millions $ in it, ut niueoutof ten fail in it because tber u not kDow Ibe secret of Success witb o;;"t:/grt The Money In Hens. Do you know liow to gret it? Our New I'oultry Book will tell you liow. It tells you all abont poultry ami explains why souie (a tVw ) sin-cr.-il and others (Hi- Tiiany) fail. Tliis invaluable Hook yiven Free as pi •■ Hiinm \^'itl^ our Farm and Poultry paper VV.VYsll»K «;LEANI]NG(S. 3 months for lo <;ents. Adilress I' H. WAYSIDE PUBLISUISG CO., CUntunvillc Conn. BEES AND WINDSTAGKERS. This .Journal treats of Bees. Ameridin Iliresliermdfl Treats of Windstackers and other thresher machinery as does no other journal. Up-to-date threshermen read "The Warmest Baby in the Bunch," That's wliat they call us. Send for SMniple Copy. THE AMERICAN THRESHERMAN, 20 Mendota Block, -tf riadison, Wisconsin. The CONSUMPTION CURED AT LAST. Dear Doctor Koch: Havin? read in iht- X. Y. papers and medical journals of the wonderful cures of your Lymph by inhalation, 1 whs de- try it after PROF. KOCH. had failed to tliey seemed coufrh medi- s topped up my lun^s. I worse all the ing, spitting times, no ap- in my side, said 1 must termined to six doctors cure me; to rely on cines which the tubes of was gettinij time, cough- blood at petite, pains My husband do something soon or I would be in the last stages of consumption and then no one could cure me. Knowing that Prof. Koch was the first man to cure consump- tion I at once put myself under his Lymph inhalation; my improvement was slow for the first month, but gradually I regained my strength. I now do my housework and am in as good heath as an}' one would wish to be. ] would ad- vise any one suffering as I was to try Dr. Koch's Lymph inhalation before it is too late.— Mrs. E. L. Harding, 9 West 64th Wtreet, N. Y. City. P. S. For my throat and stomach trouble I used Koch-o-lene which the doctor furnished me free. Dr. Koch, 116 West 22d St. Dear Sir: As you know 1 was treated for two years for t atarrh and Asthma and a dry scabby nose that would always bleed when I blew it. My lungs were affected as 1 coughed a great deal. I used Koch o-lene and inhaled the oily Lymph into my lungs, to heal them, and destroy the germs. 1 am now as well as any one. — Emil Link, 63 Huron St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Write to the Doctor's New York office, 116 West 22d Street, for a free sample of Koch-o-lene. EGGS I8S3 WINTER .'ind U-aru liow. 2.5 ci<. a vtar. S:iMip!',' conv free. THE POULTRY ITEM, Box lUO, Kricks, Pa. WATCHES, HARNESS, INCUBATORS, ,1^.:. Kivcii as pn-miumi for subscribers. For sample copy and par- 3^/ticulars, adrtres.s THK POULTRY ITEM, Box 200, Fkicks, Pa. Gj^AgcQls wanted. 18 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. January A monthly journal devoted to agricul- tural interest?'. Largest circulation of any agricultural paper in tlie West. It circu- lates in Misi-ouri. Kansas. Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, Prop., 1123 N. St., Lincoln, Neb. 1 tf THE MYSTIC WORKERS OF THE WORLD. Best and Cheai)e8t Fraternal Insurance Order in the Country. Address, 1-5 EDMUND JACKSON, Supreme Secretary, Fulton, 111. ivpwui^ A sample copy of the I LTIIV Texas Stockman and I L/VtlO Farmer, published at San Antonio, Texas, will be mailed free to any address. It will tell you all about Texas. 1-13 The SoDthern \m{ and Ifeptable Reporter, Reaches a majority of the best shippers in the South. No oiher publication reaches half as many shippers. An advertisement brings good results. Try one. J E. SMITH, Publisher, l-tf Monticello, Fla. THE ONLY""°''*'CLASS Published in the State. The (AND UP-TO DATE FARMER.) Published Monthly. 20 Pages. Subscription 50c. Established 1K9". Circulation oOOO Devoted exclusively to Crpiimery and Dairy in- terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. .1. P. ISRAEL, l-tf Publisher. and we will forward post- SEND 50 (ENTS paid, 75 elegant Bristol Calling Cards and a beautiful Aluminum Pocket Card Case for same. Write you name and address j'LAiN to avoid errors. GRANT & C0R5E. 1-2 Lawrence, Kansas. i3/*\[gVS pages. Price, 50 cents. help young viothers. Frances Sheldon Bolton's New Hook on the care of Baby from Birth. 150 Written by a mother to Or, $1.00 per year, inclndiner the above book "Haby" free. Send postal for sample copy of Journal, Itf Address. Mother's Journal, NewHaven,Ct. All About the West. Western Lands, Western f^rms, methods, etc. SendlOcts. for H months trial subscription to Itf The Rural Home, Lawrence, Kan. TFe MILK REPORTER Organ of the Fluid Milk Trade- of the United Slates. .Scientific, Special and (general Features of the trade. Everyone engiiged in the milk, creamery or producing trad*- should see every issue. Only $1 per year. A postnl tjrings a sample cop.v. Do not fail to see it. Address The Milk Reporter Itf Deckerstown. N. J. THE ROYAL TEMPLARS. A Beneficiary Associa- tion, its grade of pay- ments. Scientific and Safe. Both sexes re- ceived in perfect equality. You get just what you pay tor. and only p>iy for what you get. Organ- ized 1^70. Emergency fund maintained. Expense of management low. (Maims paid without expense to beneficiary Send for information. Itf General oflice. MASONIC BUILDING, Buffalo. N. Y. Established 1873. Price S2 per year. :^[L@[^a[D)A A©[^a©tL9[L'ir(y)[^ai'r. h. 0, Painter Alio., I'ublishers. Oldest agricultural iournal in the state. IB four col- umn pages. Extensive experimental grounds and a host of practical writers. l-tf TEfTAGRE FARM! We will give away a good ten-acre fiirra to the l)erson getting the largest number of 8ub.«criberS' for our paper between now and July 1st, 1900. Send for terms to THE GAZETTE, Itf LAUREL HILL, FLORIDA. Western Fruit=Q rower ST. JOSEPH MO. Should be read .by every progressive farmer. Monthly, 50c per year. Not connected with any nursery. Two months trial subscription free. Agents wanted. Address Western Fruit Grower, Box C, St. Joseph, Mo. l-ti 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 19 THE FARMER'S INSTITUTE, Piibli-hed at Mason City, Iowa, is the only farm piiper between i»es Moint-s and St. Paul. (3ver 300 miles. In the heart of best section of the west. Rvrvliody r>rn,sperous. L L KLINEFELTER, Publisher. A 20th Century Newspaper SPIRIT OF THE WEST, ^",ow"i"'' EstaMisheil Ten Years. Published Weekly. Like Admiral Dewey. "Several Days Ahead," Never b-hind the times. Advertising may be sent direct or through any reliable advertising agency. P. S- KELL, Manager. Send 15 cents in postage stamps and receive a copy 'if the beautiful Christmas Number. 12-4t The Fanciers' Review and Fruit Grower, A Ifj-page Monthly devoted to poultry-culture and fruitgrowing. No more practical [laper pub- lished. I'^ach issue worth a year's subscription which is only o(l c nts a year. Three issues for ex- amination 10 fents. BREEDERS' CARDS! One Dollar gets a 40 word card for four (4) months (not three) in The Review. E. C. POWELL, Publisher, i2-4t Chatham, N. Y. The National Fruit Grower. Keeps you posted on Fruit Topics, Prices, Cr 'P Oomlitions. Horticulture. Largest Hor- ticultural Publication west of New York. Issued Monthly. 50 cents per y«ar. .Samples free. 12-4t National Fruit Grower, St. Joseph, nich. EVERYBODY WANTS souiiiEkN mmmi You get the best thought on this subject and its kindred branches in the IRI-STATE FARMER dnd GARDENER Send 10 cents for a trial six months subscription. You will never regret it. TRI-STATE FARMER AND 1-tf GARDENER, Chattanooga, Tenn. THE* DfTDAIf^T Every straw- BnC/ KUKALiai. berry grower will be interested in our reports of extensive variety tests. Every Bee-keeper will be interested in the Bee and Honey Department, edited by J 0. Grimsley. Kvery Gardener will be ioterested and instruct- ed by the writing of a remarkably successful gar- dener, Henry ftnyder. Kv ryone who thinks of moving south wants a truthful descripti(m of Maryland and you can get this here from disinterested writers. Send ten cents for a year's t' ial subscription and you won't want to do without it. Address, THE RURALIST, Gluckheim, Dorchester Oc, Maryland. Tlie live Stock Journal WE GIVE 'EM AWAY ! To learn the science of Breeding, Feeding and Man igement. National circulation, -pecial de- partmcnrs for Draft and t'oach horses. Cattle, Hogs. Shpen, Poultry and Dairy. No stock farm- er can afford to do without it. Sub>cription, SI. 00 a year. Write for free sample copy. Liberal cash com- mission to agents. THE LIVE .STOCK JOURNAL, i2-3t 152 50th Street, Chicago, 111, THE NEW YEAR'S NUMBER southern" FANCIER, the oldest and best conducted Poultry Journal in the South, will contain not less than 50 pages, filled with valuable articles from the foremost poultry writers of the country, and numerous up- to-date illnstratiiins. It will far surpass any poultry imblieation ever issued in the South, SEND FOR ADVERTISING RATES. Subscription 50c a year. Sample copy free. SOUTHERN FANCIER, Atlanta, Ga. To every new subscriber to the Nkw England Fancikr, 56c a year will give a year's subscrip- tion to any one of the following p.ai^rs: The American Bee-Keeper, Poultry Monthly, Reliable Poultry Journal, Poultry Keeper, Southern Poultry Journal, Oh'o Poultry Journal, A hew Hens. Fanciers' Review, Fancy Fowls or any other 50c paper in the United States. Sample copy free. Address NEW ENGLAND FANCIER, Yarmouthport, Hass. Every Reader ?feSerl'"en;ftl"dto^; Free Sample »opv of the PRACTICAL POUL- TRYMAN if he will send name and address on a postal. This is to get you intere.-ted 111 one of the best Poultry Journals published, with the expecta- tion that vou will send 50c for a year's subscription if you find the paper 311st what we say it is— a live, hustling, practical, reliable.semi-monthly journal. You need the paper; we want your support, iry it. Address, PRACTICAL POULTRYMAN, Whitney's Point, N. Y. in the National Farm Jour- nal, if you want to r^ach the people. 30 Words 25 Cts. Over 30 words % cent per word each insertion. National Farm Journal, Shawneetown, 111. l-H Advertise To the Mo. Valley Farmer. Kansas City Mo., and receive for si.x months the lead- ing farm and stock weekly of the West. Stamps accepted. Send 25 (ts. i-ti 20 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. January '' No Library can be Complete without it."-^^^^Vi^,^Sf.o. .enn a riessages and Papers of the Presidents, Edited by the Hon. JAMES D. EIOHARDSON, Under the Direction of Congress- "/ regard ' Messages and Papers of the Pres-idents ' as one of the most solid and val- uable contributions to our poliiical and historical literature.''^ WILLIAM L. WILSON, Ex-Postmaster General A History ov thr Unitkd States should form the nucleus of every Auieriean citizen's library With grave questions of public policy to be settled at ihe ballot box within the next few years, it will be found necessiiry to study closer thian ever those crises from which the nation has in the piist emerged ever tiiuint)hant. This history should bo as authoritative as possible. Ordinarily we g^t the story of our country from the point of view of one man, and one whose ideas have never inSuenced the events of which he wri'es. In .MKSSAr,Krt and Papers op the I'rksidknts we have, word for word from the mahm of our history, the burning sentences which have delcared wars; the thoughtful, profound utterances which have guided the ~hir> of ."State into the ((uiet waters of Prosperity and I'rogress — all of them milestones marking the path of our progre:-8 tow:ird the grand destiny which unfolds before us as a nation. What could be more sul)limo— more prophi'tic — than the words of the immortal Lincoln when he said : " We are not enevnies but friends. We must not be enemies, Though passion may have slr.Tined, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battle- field and p'ltriot grave to every living heart and hoarthstonc all i>Ter this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature." — First huniiinritl Adilrenii. Is it not an advantage — a power — to have TEN VOLUMES of this sort of history at your elbow? Congress had this in mind when authorizing the publication of this great' work, and in appropriatlD? the necessary amount to defray the initial expenses The Hon. Ain.sa'i)I£th K. Sp()i.'K(>iii>, of the t'ongressional Library, bas accepted the position of Gen- eral .Secretary of the couimittoe appointed to distribute the work. The I'ommittee on Distribution has undertaken to distribute the work at a triflu over the cost of manufacture and distribution. If it is encessary to increase the price to meet expenses, it will be done later, but not on applications received atonoe. A postal card request for full particulars, addressed as below, will bring ample descriptive matter and full instructions for making applications. On a\l requests accompanied by One Dollar a set of the books will be laid aside and reserved pend- ing further investigation, and if you decide within ten days not to make a regular application for the work, the amount will be refunded. A Idress AINSWORTH R. SPOFFORD, General Secretary, '""Sll>\'.^"°)?'KsHiNGTON. d. c. BeefSTHrax ITITanted We will pay 26 cents cash or 28 cents in goods, for good quality of Beeswax, freight paid to FALCONER, N. Y. If you have any ship it to us at once. I Prices subjec; to change without notice.) TheW. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. Swine Breeders' Journal 12tf 50c a year. Sample copy sent free Indianapolis, Indiana GIVEN AWAY H 3-BMlilI SpgrtsDiaii's Koife worttt $1.1)0. This cut is one-half its size. Write at once and we will I cll you how we doit. Address The Amateur Sportsman, 27 N. PARK PLACE, NEW YORK. 160=Page Bee=Book FREE. Book Sent Free with American Bee Journal. Every new «u6«cr'6er sending $1.00 for the weekly American Bee Jour~ nal for one year will receive ac'>py of Newman's 160-page "Bees and Honey " free. The old American Bee Journal is great this year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Journal free. Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St,. Chicago, III. The Western Bee=Keeper Is exclusively devoted to Apiculture in the ALFALFA REGIONS, and to SSOCIATION WORK of all kinds among bee-keepers; and also gives the main points of what the other bee papers are saying. MONTHLY, 50c A YEAR. C. H. GORDON, Editor and Publisher, Room 47, Good Block. Denver, Col. If you want to reach 12,000 Pamlies Weekly in New England, use THE MAINE FARMER Augusta, Maine. Only $1.00 a year. 12-4t UNION ^^y;--*"* For Ripp in g- Cross -Cutting, Mitering, Rabbet- ing, Grooving, Bor- ing, Gainins, Scroll Sawing, Kdge Mold- ing, Beading, etc. Full line foot and hand power Ma- chinery. Hendfor Cfi'alogue A. SENECA F.-\LLS MFG. CO., 45 Water St.. Seneca Fall 1-12 s, N.Y G. B. LEWIS CO. Watertown, Wis. Cf\N FURNISH YOU WITH THE VERY FINEST BEE-KEEPERS' SUPPLIES IN THE WORLD. Parties wanting goods before new catalog is issued will please write for quotations. We want every bee-keeper on our list. If you did not re- ceive our catalog last year send us your name and address and we will mail you our new catalog as soon as it is ready. BARNES' Foot Power Machinery This cut represents our Combined Maohine. which is the best machine made for use in the construction of Hives, Sections. Hoxes, etc Sent on trial. Send for Cat- alogue and Price List. W. F. & John Barnes Co., 913 Ruby St., Rockford, III. Please mention American Bee-Keeper. Our Horticultural Visitor Published at Kinmundy. Ill , should visit every fruit-grower. Have you seen a copy. Will send you a sample copy free, also description of a new winter pear. Send your name at once. 12tf FREE BIRD & CAGE ANuORA CAT We will give away 6080 A ni in a Is, Canary Birds, Mocking Birds, Buliniielies, Farrofs, etc., Uqgs, < ngor I Cats .\MUariunis, (iokl t isli. sluHiand Ponies, Rabbits, Piijeon-, Guinea Pig.-., Moiil^t-.vs, Squirrels, etc., togetlier with fancy cages. Wo mean exactly what we say. We will send .von a pair ot beauiitul Angora Cats now all the r .j^c, birds with cage or any other animal you may '.vjut. We liaye been breed- ing for .years, and h ve a tine stock of animals that we are going to give a«ay in the next few week.s. ' We Start You In Business \^\^^^ want aninial.s raised for us as tlic iil i- l.ii;a.- 12-tf OFO. O OOVER. PllHiOV«rv ■)0 <:K\TS iu;ff\i,o, I2-I2t I5KST .^ IlIK Itltl n ■ WANTED ! I'J^,'-..,..'^^: where you are. A RivinK (^'■^il•rlp^ion and prieo. 12-tf TH05. C. STANLEY 6t SON. Falrfi THE AMERiCAN GRANGE BULLSTIH AND SCIENTIFIC FARMER .\.s till* n!ilioii:i) paper (>f I lie Patrons of HiKsbaiidry is f-spt^cially valujible to ev ery metnbcr of the Order. Subscription apeiils want5w and die back numbers for one year, b )ui!d in ono neat volume, frei- with siibs<'ription. We sell leg bands for poultry, ii'id lice- killers. ALso do all kinds of i>rinting. Write your wants. Western Poultry Farm, flarshall, flo i2tf YoM learn all about VirKinia binds, soil. A water, climate, resources, 1 rodiicis, fruit. S mode of eid rival ion. i>ric", ctr . I>v readinK \f the Virfrin'a K.-irni'-r. Send lOu. for three jJ months' subscription o J FARMEK CO., Empcria. Va, *» I ITMg IE) ©1/3^(1 If ©©Uj3Jlg[3 i'ulilished mo>itlily. l)uv ,ted to shenp hus- bamlry in general and Porset sheep in pnr- tii ular. 1 irculaies in 27 states and <'ai;iidn. A splendid advertisiug mediihii. Hubscrii)- tioti fiity cents per year. />ddre.ss i2tf MA. COOPER, Pub., Hasyitigtbn, I'd. Sim® [B§[P(1] 9 A Monthly Journal of 54 pases, devo'ed to Hit (James. Send for a free sample copy. ^QcgHa W, {BoflODIIDQDDDDgjg^ Kditor and ' ublisher. DKKI'.Y. IND. BEGINNERS. '■ -iiiiH-rs should liave a copy of th^ Amateur Hee-Keeper, a 70 page book by Prof. .1. W. llou.'«e ; written especially for amateurs. Second edition just out First edition er'8 supplies without consulting it. For sale by all dealers in bee keepers' supplies or sent postpaid for $1 20 by THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. ANOTIl[k Bid OFfER I SAY ' ^^^^^^^^^ A,. I 1 !..:„.., : . _ .-, i Wil I I Publisher. Every bee-keeper, l.Trge or small, to send 15c for four months trial; sample copy free. 47 Good Block, Denver, Colorado. As I liiiv(> explained in previous ad- verlisements, the publisher of a good Journal can allord to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his Jour- nal into new hands. I have in the past made several such offers, but ht-re is one that 1 consider especially liberal. If you are not a subscriber to the BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW, Send me And I will have your subscription to the American iJee-Keeper renewed for one year, send you 12 back numbers of the Reriew, and then the Renew for all of 1899. Kcmember two things: You must be a NEW subscriber iolhe Rericir, and the ordfr must be sent to W. Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MICH. WANTED BISGAYIVrS BAY Issued monthly. Terms, tiftv cents a year. Address S. H. Richmond, editor Cutler, Dade Co., Fla. Write for sam- ple copy. 12tf Over 1,200,000 ?p«''7"ffucces8Witi, ., ?, , ,7 . ^"«<'arden and Farm were mailed from the Kor-d City, .Mich., postollice last year, or more than J0.partmcnt, Florida East Coast llailway, Perrine Grant. Cutler, Dade Co. Fla. 12tf If Ifi If J141|^ ai4lD JiM|^ Bingham has made all the improvements made in the last 20 years, undoubtedly he makes the best on earth. Smoke En- gine, 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail, SL.IO; 3^ in., $1 10; ;Mn., $1.00: 2i in., 90c: 2 in., 70c; Little Wonder, 2-in., G5c; Knife, 80c. T.F.BINGHAM, Farwell. Mich. K MONTHS \r\ CTS. pifcON TRIAL roa"^ KW A P.ri-ht, Illustrnted. Farm, Stoc k and I?or:Itry paptT. IJ i):i";cs. Ijlberal PremiuTiis to yearly I'^-mers Realm, Syracuse, X.Y/^/^ j*/ OHIO POULTRY JOURNAL DAYTON, OHIO. A Live, Progressive, Up>to-Date /Vlasazine It te:iches how to make poultry pay. It teaches how to breed prizewinners. 50e a year. 12tf Sample Copy 5e READ All the Best Agricultural News. gl.OO a year. Address, CONNECTICUT FARMER, Hartford, Conn. Published Monthly by "^he W. T. Falconer Mfg-. Co. Vol. X FEBRUARY, 1900 No. 2 The January Bee=Keeper. Emphasizing the Good Things in the Last Number. BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. '[^Tp-'OW often I have wished some one would read over my large number of weekly and monthly papers and tell me just what there was in them of value, and just where I could find that value, so I could be spared the amount of reading necessar}' to pick out that which was really valuable, from that which was partially so, or worse still, that which was only chaff. Nearly all writers, and I am no exception, mix in things which are hardly worth the reading, much less reading twice, while the writers are very few, who do not say some very valuable things. Therefore if the valuable could be dished up together, in compact shape what a blessing it would be to the very busy worker among our pets, the bees. Again, by having our attention called a second time to that which was of real value, it would be the more thoroughly stamped on our memory, and the thing would be given added emphasis, so that we would be doubly profited by it. These are thoughts which have been passing through my mind for some time past, and as I had promised to write ten articles for the American BeeKeeper for the year 1900, it came to me that I could not serve the reader better than by gathering up what seemed to me the most valuable thoughts, in reading any number, as soon as it arrived, and telling the readers about it, so they would get these valuable things in the next number. And as I am now reading the January number I will, right here and now, tell the readers as best I may, about some of the things which I consider worthy of more than a passing glance, by way of emphasizing them. DO NOT EMPLOY CARELESS PEOPLE TO HANDLE HONEY. The whole article by F. S. Emens is worthy of a second reading, but the best part of the whole is this: "Do not employ help that will get their fingers against the nice, white cappings, or get the corner of one section against the face side of the comb in another sedlion." And as added emphasis, I would say, see that you do not do it yourself. Nothing ever tried my patience as did the help I hired more than 25 years ago, along the line E. tells us about, and this was the very thing which decided me in the course I have taken in hiring no help at handling section honey, from the time the bees were off from it till it was securely crated ready for market. And even after it is all crated for market some are so careless that they better not be allowed to touch even a single case. Mr. E's words, ' By so doing you will avoid pay- ing wages to help for committing an actual damage to your business," brought very forcibly to my mind how I paid a man, about 25 years ago, |i 50 for a day's TEE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. February work, during which he damaged honey to the amount of about J^S.oo loss to me. But there is now and then a person who can handle honey to fully as good advant- age as the apiarist himself can, and for this reason I consider my decision of 25 years ago as rather too sweeping. But it is well to know your help before }'ou hire them, otherwise you will wish you had done the handling of the seiSlion honey yourself "GETTING THERE" J. F. Heath, ist col., page 2, in telling how much which he finds in the bee papers is beyond his comprehension, asks, "Will we ever 'get there?' " That was the enquiry I often made when reading the writings of Dr. Gallup. A. Grimm, Moses Quinby and many others of the noted writers of a quarter of a century ago. And to the "persevering" ones there can be but one answer, and that is, yes, if you "strive for the mastery" intelligently, as well as "perseveringly." And the "intelligent" part of this matter lies in not trying to begin at the iop of the ladder and climb down. Begin with the A B C of bee-keeping first. In other words, procure some one or more of the many good bee books, and through them thoroughl)' master the elementary part of bee-keeping, and then what you read in the bee papers will not appear as "up in a balloon." but will be riunds of comb and extracted, and at the end of last winter we were all cleaned up. We sold considerable buckwheat at 10 cents a comb: but our trade prefers white clover. Our stock comes from New York state,. New Jerse\' and Pennsylvania." At another store a salesman said, ' We handle New York state wiiite clover in full setftions at 25c.. and last year we disposed of 100 cases of 22 combs each. "We have a steady trade which demand.> the best, and we pay a good ])rice for it. This consignment comes from Union Springs, N. Y." In a third store, a lal)el in the windowr announced: "It's dark in Color Hut Sweet as Koney Can Re 16 cts." Last year a considerable quantity of California extracted honey was disposed of in the Philadelphia market; but nont- is visible thi.^ winter in the large retail stores, and its place appears to be taken I)}- Pennsylvania and New Jersey ])roduc- tions, although nobody keeping an apiary a])pears to be throwing up his hat and cluering about an overplus. Rutledge, Pa., Jan. 14. iqtx). ♦ • ♦ Color. The Part it Plays in the Rearing of Queens. 1)V W. H. TKIIXiKN. ^LTH(3UGH much is being .said against t)reeding for color it i* ^'^■■i evident that lho.se who condemn it are guilty of the same to the extent of keeping up their chosen .standard. As long as bees are kept, color will be one of the main points in making a selection for breeding purpcses. Of course, the mother of the occasional "rousing colonv of liustlers' is highly prized for the work done by her individual force, even if cro.ss-niating causes the additional energv, which is often the case, although tlu- type may be so well fixed that it cannot be detected in the worker progeny, but her useful ne.ss ends with her days, as thc bad qualities more than counter-balance the good ones, usually. WHAT CON.STITUTKS A <;001) OUKliN. She must be tht)roughbred, jjrolific. 1901) THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 27 long-lived and produce gentle, indust- rious workers. One that comes up to these classifications can be relied upon to impart, in varying degrees, the same qualities to her offspring, and especially if handed down for a number of genera- tions, and will become nearer and nearer fixed with each successive one. Perfection in de- velopment and quality usually go together, though in rare instances ap- parently poorly de- veloped (jueens are not lacking in qual- ity, while others on which nature does her best, from all PKincKX. I appearances, are worthless. The occasional introduction of ,new "blood is recouiniended to prevent degen- eration, whicli usually carries with it the 5 ropeusitv to sting in proportion to the improvement in business qualities, even if it be the same .strain from a distant family, Avhile color, once well establi.shed, moves smoothly on. For this reason it is harder to combine the best working qualities with good temper, as a rule, than with color. It is agreed that hybriiU will not do to !)reed from, if fixed characteristics and permanent improvements are the ends in view, and the writer at least, does not know how to determine the purity of «tock without making color play its part, unless the test be carried to the second generation where the mixed blood invariably crops out if present, regardless of the mating of the young queens, Irom such a mother, and even then color is the main factor. Usually when one advises again.st breeding for color he has chosen a well fixed type as to color, and of course has less trouble in getting the color of his standard combined with other desirable qualities than does the man who is breed- ing a strain in which this type is not well fixed, but he does not place much value on a queen unless her progeny comes up to his standard in color. Of course, when the ideal bee of fixed characteristics is reached, there will be nothing more to strive for, but until then many will lend their efforts and energies in the direction of beauty, and work harder than any other class to improve the strain of their choice, ina.smuch as the greater variations lend enchantment and make the work the more interesting. If it is true that other qualities are lack- ing where there is much color every one can make his own selection. I am not saying anything against any particular race but am puzzled to know how color is to be overlooked in making the selection, even if one wants to breed sitnon blacks. Creek, N. C, Jan. 5. 1900. The Production of Honey for Profit. RV G. W. nEM.-\REK. bHE question as to which of the two marketable clas.ses of honey — ■ -^'^ honey in the comb, or honey se- parated fiMin the comb with the honey extractor — is the mo.st profitable to the producer, is more generally di.scussed, perhaps, by writers on profitable bee- keeping, than any other like question pertaining to the business. And yet it occurs to me that the question has not been probed to the bottom in all these years. The cost of prorluction, cost of market- ing, amount of each class produced, com- parative price, etc., are points that have been prettv well covered by the mnnerous writers on the subject. But looking at the question as I do. one of the great — if not the greatest — considerations has been overlooked when discussing this subject. I refer to locality of the apiary. If every locality was precisely the same in honey resources, and seasons of "honey flow'' between March and November, then the question might be practically decided for all honey producers. Let me illustrate 28 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Febr uary the question here, from personal exper- ience. In the past ten years the little white aster has gained fast hold in uiy locality, and my bees, some seasons, gather honey from the aster bloom dur- ing the month of October with the over- flow ot a white clover or linden honey harvest, and yet my bees are incapable of building combs to store the honey that late in the season. Such late gathered honey can only be saved by supplying the bees with extracting combs and taking the honey with the extractor. There are localities, however, where honey is never gathered as a surplus^ except at a time when the bees can build comb to store it in, and in such localities, under proper management, comb honey may be pro- duced as a specially. In my experience of over twenty years in the apiary, the honey extractor has been the 'stay" and "prop" to the bee business with me. Though my crop consists ever}- season of both comb and honey taken from the combs with the extractor, I often in poor seasons for comb honey foresee failure in time to make the best out of poor prospect.s, by removing the section ca.ses and putting in their places extracting supers to catch the light flow of honey that would result in very little in comb building. In concluding this short article, it is clear to ine that ])rofits from the apiar»- must depend largely on the .skill of the apiarist, especially his knowledge of tlie resources of his localitv. Christian burg. Ky., Jan. S, 1900. New York State Association of Bee» Keepers' Societies. Report of their Third Annual Convention. CI^HK third aiimial ineeling of the ^11K ^^^^ ^ "'^'^ '^^■A^^ Association of Bee- -^^ Kee])ers' Societies was held in the parlors of the Kirkwood Hotel at Geneva. N. v., Jan. 10, 1900. Alter the roll call, the first on the pro- gram was a pajier by S. A. Niver, of C'Trotoii, N. Y., on the <;rading of honey; he being absent, the paper was read bv the President, and Mr. Niver was re ap- pointed a committee of one on grading. In the address of President W. F. Marks he .spoke of what had been accom- pli.shed by the Aasociation, mentioning the assistance obtained from the Depart- ment of Agriculture, the appointment of three P'oul Brood Inspectors and the heading off of the repeal of the Fruit Spraying I^aw. He also condemned the method of having our product sold on commis.sion, and advocated selling out- right, the same as manufacturers sell their products. Mr. E. R. Root, of Medina, Ohio, being present was called upon, and devoted his talk rao.stly to the subject of the so-called foul brood in the eastern part of the state, sa^'ing that the A. I. Root Co. had en- gaged Dr. Howard of Texas to study the disease, so as to ascertain exactly what it is. ' Messrs. West and .Stevens, Foul Brood Ins])ectors for the state, al.so Prof. Benton, who had just completed a tour of the in- fected district, were quite unaniuious in believing that the disease is not the old- time foul brood. Mr. S. I). Willard of Geneva, one of the largest fruit'growers in the state, was pres- ent by special invitation. He .seemed to lie very enthusiastic in regard to the spraying of fruit trees while in bloom, and heartily in sympathy with the bee-keep- ers. Mr. Root gave an account of his trip among the bee-kee])ers and sand storiii.s- of Colorado, which was interesting, and sliowed the elements which they have to contend willi, and from which we are free. Prof. Benton delivered a very interest- ing and instructive illustrated lecture on Bees and the Fertilization of I'lowers, which occupied the evening session. The following officers were elected: President— \V. 1-. iMarks. Chapiiiville, X. V. Yice President— I-'. S. Ivniens. Iiayette, X. V. Secretary and Treasurer — C. B. Howard, Romulus, N. Y. C. B. Howard, Sec'y. Geneva, Jan. 10, 1900. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 29 PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE W. T. FALCONER MANFQ. CO. H. E. HILL, Kditor. Terms : Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies, Sscts ; 3 copies. $1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the U. S. and Canada ; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; f2.ooper incli. 5 per cent, di.scount for two insertions; 7 per cent, for 3 insertions ; lo'percent for 6 insertions; 20 per cent, for 12 insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. <®"Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, Falconer, N. Y. .e®°"Articles for publication, or letters exclus- ively for the editorial department, may be ad- dressed to H. E. HILL, Fort Pierce, Florida. 4®" Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription ex- pires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. 4S=- A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter j'our early attention. Where but a few frames are used with division-board, in a large hive, to accom- modate a small colony, it is better to close the entrance on the side upon which the frames are placed, and allow the bees to enter the vacant apartment at the opposite side. The nucleus is thus en- abled to better protect itself against rob- bers. When writing to adverti.sers please do not forget to mention The Ree-Keeper. Dr. Miller, in Am. Bee Journal, .says it is a fact, according to his experience, that white clover does not yield nectar until it has been in bloom ten davs. J. A. Golden, in the Review, recom- mends placing a quantity of slacked lime upon the bottom-board of a hive con- taining bees during the winter. This, he says, by absorbing the moisture, tends to bring about the desirable condition of dryness in the hive. Mr. G. also says that he has learned by experience that honey will cure poisoned flesh. In his own case two applications of honey in two days reduced the swelling; and that three applications cured a case of eczema. A writer in the .Australian Bee Bulletin complains that .several of his former honey customers have engaged in bee-keeping, among them being a doctor and a lawyer. These profes.sional gentlemen, he says, run to him for advice and expect him to help them out of all their bee-keeping difficulties, but if he seeks medical advice for his child, or legal council, he is charged the regular fee. He has therefore de- cided that in the future apicultural advice from his establishment .shall be had for cash onlv. XOW, FOR OUR THIRD VH.^R. In entering upon our third year in editorial charge of The Bee Keeper, as we do with the present numl)er, we de- sire to express our gratitude to tlie many readers who have so substantiall\- shown their friendly interest in the paper. As a result of these courtesies it gives us pleasure to announce that our .subscription list is steadily on the increase, and the acquaintance developed through corres- pondence during the pa.st two years with hundreds of bee-keepers is a pleasure not lightly esteemed. Instead of finding the work "up-hill," as some of our friends .{0 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Feburary seemed to fear we should, there is a pleasure and fascination about it which inereases with each successive month. We therefore enter upon the year beffore us with pleasant anticipations of the fur- tnre, and trust that our readers will re- s])on(l generously to our request for their experiences and ideas, in order that we may make the jiaper more interesting and instructive than ever l)efore. With the co-operation of our readers we shall con- tinue to introduce new features as fast as the advancement is thus rendered possible. We shall he glad to have a letter from each of our readers, and as often as they mav find it convenient to thus favor us. DE.^TH OI" MRS M. V. RICKVIC. We learn with profound sorrow, through a brief note from the Iiereaved husband, of the death of Mrs. Millard V. Reeve, of Rutledge, Pa., which occurred Jan 6, iqoo. Mrs. Reeve was 43 years of age. Three children, aged iS, 14 and 12 years, are left to mourn the loss of a kind, de- voted mother. I\Ir. and INIrs. Reeve would have celebrated the 20th anniver- sary of their marriage next month. We condole deeply with the bereaved familv in their hour of sorrow. I'xsic.ASox.vnr.ic .vrticmcs. A favorile theme with .some of the bee- l^apers just now is that of the unseason- able character of the matter published bv their cotemporaries Dr. Mason, in ReCiew, takes a rather broader view of the matter and .savs that he has a diction- ary and an encyclopedia that are full of "unseasonable" matter: but, like the bee journals, the information is there readv for use when wanteil. Exactly so. The volumes of his journal are as much a work of reference to the studious bee- keeper as are the above named books We do not look foi'. nor expect to find all matters of seasonable intere.st in the la.st number of our journal; nor, indeed, in ail the numbers of the current jear. Who has not found himself turning back five, ten or twenty years in tracing some interest- ing subject or idea? The chief mission of such a periodical publication is to afford a medium for the discu.ssion of subjects pertaining to our business, and to record current developments as they transpire in our industry. These old numbers are hardly less valuable than are those of the present. If the matter is at hand it matters not whether it was pub- lished this year, last year or the 3"ear be- fore. All any one can reasonably expect of his journal is to keep him informed on the important, matters in general up to date. "GOOD THING.S IN THK BEK-KEKPING PRESS." The Progres.sive Bee Keeper, after the .style of the Review, has introduced a department under the above title. The new department is presided over by that observing and practical writer, "Somnam- Imlist,'' who.se intertaining productions have long been regularly published in that journal under the heading, "Way- -side Fra'.nnents." Two full pages are de voted to comments on The Bee-Keeper, and a general I'eference to the volume just closed is thus made in the opening paragraph : "Being posse.s.sed of patriotic streaks prompts me to begin with the journal which in its name enil)races the whole western hemisphere, as well as islands of the sea, The .American Bee-Keeper. It is, as near as possible, true to its name, for its readers have been taken from Canada to Florida, and thence to Mexico, California anay derived from the publisher of his articles, immediately and directly, is lacking in the one element mo.st essential to the attainment of success in his business. The rapid strides made in the science and practice of bee-keeping during the lialf century just past, and the present great proportions of the industry, are con- ditions largely due to the fraternal feeling and unsellish interest taken in its develop- ment l)y many of its promoters. A broad conception of the importance of the work before us is essential to the success of our industry, and the bee-papers afford a medium through which, by mutual ex- change, the producers' ideal may be evolved. It brin.iis to the bee-keepers' home and fireside each month a "conven- tion" of those actively engaged in the same work — -a "convention" in which he is invited to participate, and to which his aid and support are justly due. Let us have a more general response to our repeated requests for the ideas of our readers upon matters affecting our bus- iness. It is the bee keepers themselves, not the editor, that would profit by such a generous flow of ideas, though we are always pleased to examine manuscripts and to pay, when desired by the con- tributor, for any original articles of ex- ceptional m erit that we can use. .SUPHKIOR STOCK. J. F. Mclntyre, one of the nio-t exten- sive producers of honey on the Pacific coast, relates, in Gleanings, some exper- iences and observations which forcibly set forth the great advantages gained through the development by selection of good working stock. With reference to a certain queen which he had purchased some seven years previously he says: "I raised about twenty queens from this one to test the stock. The next season was a dry one, and nuxst bees had to be fed to keep them a'ive; but several colonies out of the twenty filled their supers with honey. Next season. 1S95. I bred from the best of these; and in 1.S96, which was another dry year, this strain again filled their supers when others were starving. I have had many colonies of this strain which I considered ideal bees, and I think they have been improved by breeding from the very best each year. The pre- sent year (1899) was a very drv one but I have one colony of this strain that filled two and one-half supers; and f wrote in my record-book, after the number of this liive, that such bees woul^ make a man rich. Thev are beautiful, pure Italians, light three-banded, queen large and yellow, and very prolific I have raised about 200 young queens from her, and they are all like their mother. Her bees are jrentle. She was one year old la.st Julv, and has never swarmed; and this strain does not swarm half as much as any other strain in my apiary. It is rare :{2 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. FchriKirt) for me to ]>econie enthusiastic over a queen; but when a colony shows a nrirked superiority over 6ix» others in the same apairy. it is a rare thinjj;." In view of th'^ foregoing, it is not al all diflknilt to appreciate the senlinient l)e- hind this ])aragra])'». which constitutes a l^art of the same article: "This subject of superior slock is now to me the most interesting of any con- nected with the business." We beleive that al no time wi'ihin the history of modern bt-e-keeping has so much attention lieen paid to the improve- ment of our stock as duriuu; the past year or two. A number of years ago a great deal was said about ■'the coming bee," and ])ossible methods of imprn\ ement in our slock : but llu- developments of the ])resi.-ul lime ai)j)ear lo have taken tangible form, and bid fair to evolve strains vastly su])LTior to those of the past. This is as it should l)c: and every ])erson interested in bee-culture sliould emulate the example of IMr. ISIcIulyre, by carefully noting the superior traits of thoroughbred stock, which will numifest itself in individual cases, and ])er])e uate these desirable (jualities by breeding from the queens that have thus surpassed the others. These superior traits (piite frequenth- are observed in liybriil slock, but it is noi al all certain that a liybrid molher will tran.s- mil to her daughters the excellent points which she herself may have possessed. In breeding from a Ihoroughbied queen , she will bL- more likely to dui)licate her- self. .\RK Wlv URIiTHKICX? .Xpis dors.ita has a faithful adherent in the .American l'.ee-Keei)er Referring lo I)r M;isou's connnents in the Hee- Keepers' Review, ii is not di.scouraged by Ihf re])orls ihal come as lo the failures to domesiicate the b g bee in other countries. It says: "What .Australia, Holland or China may want in relation to this matter is of no concern lo .America. In .Australia the i)aranu>unl (juestion is. "not lo secure more honey, l)ut rather to develop a market for that already on hau I and now coming in." So ihe .American Bee Keej)- er can understand that Australians may- not want to have more honey gathered. After all, does not the bee keeper in Australia think, "I'd like lo have my crop of honev increased as much as possible, but 1 don't care to have the entire output increased in proportion?" And will the American Bee-Keeper name the bee- keeper in this country who doesn't think exactly the same thing? — American Bee Journal. That there exist am-ong us those who seek only to enhance their personal gai^n for the time being and to discourage ]niblic interest and competition, is probab- ly a fact that is to be deplored. Bee-keep- ing shall never be jjlaced upon sub.stantial fof)ling which it is destined to reach through the influenct- of such persons: and one who would silently meditate as above quoted would be vainly groveling in the shadow of his own selfi.shness, thereby upsetting the ideas and thwart- ing the wiser jilaus of his fraternal friends who are working for his own good. (_)ur industry is yet in its infancy, and while, to some, our views may appear visionary, we hope the younger genera- tion now li\ing ma}- see the pre.sent an- nual production of honey in the I'luted Stales increased five fold "Calamity?" Not at all! Just such a condition of affairs is obviously necessary to awaken an a]5preciation of the great possibilities of our iudustrv, and arouse the latent i)o\ver t)f ils half hearted adher- ants to the work of multiplying by ten the present demand for pure honey. There may be, 'in . ///.v/y^r/Zir, "those wdio thus view our industry from the bottom of a well; but the fewer their numbers in any and all'countries the lighter will be the labors of the vastly greater number who are striving earnestly to establish the culture ot Ihe honey-bee among the rec- ogni/.eil, imporlanl ami profitable indus- tries i>f the world. Australia is today forced to devote some altenlion to the one branch nuist neglected in our business — Ihe development of the market — and while the "crushing over- ])roducliou" may b.;; regarded as a cala- mily, our only fear is tliat the present 1900 TEE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 35 volume of stock on hand is insufficient to bring the happy crisis to the island con- tinent which an added thousand tons would, most likely, do Should a season of failure follow the abundant harvest of last year, Australia's "calamity" will probabl}' consist in a relaxation of the work of its board of exports. America's most crying need is, more honey and united action in extending home consumption; and this united action can be secured only through individual eflFort prompted by a fraternal, unselfisli interest in the general welfare of our pur- suit. — ♦-•-• — PThe Locust. This summer I had a ver}' good oppor- tunity to watch the locust tree as bee pasturage, there being several hundreds of this tree within reach. It comes in pist when most needed, after fruit bloom and a little before clover. When the bees were working on the cuthbert rasp- berry— the best variety for pasturage — the locust blossoms opened and the rasp- berry patches were completely deserted for these trees which roared until dark like swarms and the rank odor of the honey permeated the yard at night but un- fortunately the locust does not last more than a week and the bees went back to the raspberries. These two plants are not to be despised as anmsement for bees, as I had as much as thirty-five pounds in a single colony from these two sources though of course they may has- ten on the swarming impulse. Curiously enough the locust belongs to the same famil}" as the clover. It may perhaps add to the dignity of the has keepers to know that one of the 420 varieties of this tree, the Acacia Seyal is identified as the Shittah tree of the Bible which supplied (Shittim wood. — Cor. Canadian Bee Jour- nal. — ■♦ * » — New York honey dealers are endeavor- ing to secure some of Australia's surplus stock, with which to supply the home demand. Good reading for the new year predom- inates in the January issue of "The Cos- mopolitan." Among the sixteen well- known writers who have contributed to its pages are A. T. Quiller-Couch ("Q"), with a stirring bit of fiction entitled "The Lady of the Ship;" John Luther Long, who has furni.shed a story in a new field, which he entitles "Dizzy Daze;" Kirke La Shelle, who tells of the tricks of "The Theatrical Advance Agent," and Seumas MacManus, who brings forth another of his clever Irish stories under the title of "Pathrick's Proxv." Honey and Beeswax Market Report. Below we give tlie latest and most authentic report of the Honey and Beeswax market in dif- ferent trade centers: WASHIP^GTON CIKAOING RULES. Fancy —All sections to be well filled; combs straight, of even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb nnsoiled by travel-stain, or oth?rwise; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. I — All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the lioltom, or with but few cells unhealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and daric, That is, there will be fancy white," No. I, dark, etc. Chicago, Jan. 20— We quote best white comb at 15c; an occa-ional lot of fancj' .sells at 16c; ofli^ grades of white, 12 @ 14c; amber, 10 @» 12c Ex- tracted S @ 9c, for fancy white; 7 @ 8c for amber,. 6 @, 7c for dark grades. Beeswax 27c. Receipts are larger and the demand is not as good as it has been. - R. A. Bt:RXETr & Co. New Vork Jan. 20 — There is a steady demand for all grades of Comb Honey. The receipts are very heavy. We quote to day: Fancy white, 15 m 16; No. i, white, 13'c (■ai4'2cr. amber, 11 @/ 12c; buckwheat 9® iic. Extracted Honey held steady at the following prices: California white, SJi @ 92; light amber, s id S'iC; white clover, SJ4c; amber, 7}4c. We are asking for extracted buckwheat, 6'^ to 7c for- kegs, and 7 to 7I2C for tins, according to quality, but very little tr,ide. Florida extracted honey, S (a, 8'2c; light amber, -% (oi Sc; amber, 7 @7!4c. Other grades o' southern at 7.S to Soc per gallon, according to (piality. Beeswax demand a little- more active at the following prices; 27 to 280- per It). Francis 11. Leogktt it Co. Let us have your report as to the con- dition of the bees, as early as possible. :34 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Febnia7\^ Davenport, la., has a new monthly paper called "roullry, Bees and Fruit." vSend for .samjjle copies of The Bee- Keeper to distribute among your bee-keep- inc friends. The vSelf Culture Magazine (|i.oo a year) with the American Bee-Keeper, ^i.oo a year. After two seasons of failure, Southern California has encouraging prospects for a good honey crop this year. There will be a joint convention of all bee-keepers' societies of the state of Wis. cousin at Madison, Wis., Feb. 7 and 8. at which time the vState .\.ssociation meets. A verv interesting program has been ar- ranged. United States Bee-Keepers' Assoc'n Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. General Manager and Treasurer— Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest Citj', la. W. M. (Terrish, Rast Nottingham, N. H., keeps acompletf> supply of our goods, and Eastern customers will save freight by orderinii' of him. Thk \V. T, Falconer Mfk. Co. Ml rp/R W •"' cents esK-h for collecting Lr iru U ii;unes. Send lOcenis tor in- structinns and receive free valuable collection of earl.vvegeiable iind fi 'wer seed.-^. 2-2 KEETHSBURO NURSERY. Keethsburg. III. ^,.. Buzzers, Bees and Wind- stackers. This journal treats of bees. The American Thresheriiian treats of windstackers and other thresher machinery as does nn other journal. Up- to-date th'esheruien read '"The Warmest Haby in the Bunch '"-that's what they call us. Send for sample copy. The American, i'hresherman. 20 Mendota Block, Madison, wis, Itf Tlie Brotlaerliood. cf -A-mericaan "STeoa^cien. This fraternal insurance association, organized in 1S!)7, at L>es Moines, Iowa, has already reached a membership of liJ.OOO. with an accumulated re- serve, loaned on real estate mortgages, to the amount of §25,000. It pays accident and old age disability, and had but 7 assessments in is!)'.). Good organizers wanted. Write to G. M. Read, Chief Correspondent, 2tf Des Moines, Iowa. WATCHES, HARNESS, IXCTBATOKS, A' . L'ivcn as preniiunM siih.scrnKTs. Fi.r s:uM|)lc' copy and par- ulars, a'lrtress THK POULTRY ITEM, Box 200. FnirKs. Pa. OZT' -Agents wanted. ,Va. f For papers, maps, I facts, and figures, I se,nd to A. Jeffers, L Norfolk, Va. 3-12 SEND FOR SAMPLE! Of the Tippecanoe Farmer published semi-monthly. QP7 PER YEAR The best Farm paper for the monej' ever pnbli.shed. THE TIPPECANOE FARMER CO. La Fayette. Ind. 2-tf BOOKS FOR BEE=KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long e.xperienee, should have at least one good te.xt book upon the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee keeping In ordering by mail he sure to add the amount of postage named. Post. Price. Ex. A B 0 of Bee Culture (A. I. Root), cloth. $1 00 20o Bee Keepers' Guide (Prof. A.J. Cook) 1 00 15o Langstrothon Honey Bee, rev. (Dadant). .1 10 15c Quinby'sNew Bee-Keeping (Quinby) 140 lOo Thirty Years Among Bees (Alley) 48 9» How to Manage Bees (Vandruflf) 25 5a Amateur Bee Keeper (Rouse) 20 5o THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO. Jamestown. N. Y. 1900 THE AMERICAS BEE-KEKPEli. 35 Incubator Free ON TRIAL. ^HE NEW C. VON CULIN INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every hatchable eg^. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) A monthly journal devoted to the interest of Pet Stock, Pigeons and fancy poultry. Subscription SOots. Freesampleif you mention the Bee-Keeper Jamestown, N. Y. CLUBBING LIST. We will send the American Ber-Kerper with ]-tf American Pet Stock Journal, Montpelier, Ind. U. S. A. the— PUB. BOTH American Bee Journal, $1 00 %\ a5 Bee-Keepers' Rt-view. J 0(1 1 35 Canadian Bee Journal, 1 00 1 35 Gleanings in Hee Culture, t 00 1 as American Quf-en, ."iO 60 Self Culture Magazine. - 1 00 1 00 Send for list of 100 standard volumes in Handsome Library Binding. Every annual subscriber for the International Magazine, (Only $1 00) May have one of these fine books for 20c. to cover packing, postage, etc. Sample copies of the magazine 10c. each. A. T. H. Brewer. Publisher, 1-tf 358 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE DIRECT FROM PR0DHaR^^[wc5N«"''^BB£R^Q"^^t^^ SUPPLY HOUSE VlAKE&STATE PiEAx MENTION ^ (j/^AT OR SMALL «-" ^"^ •'*'^'' WRITE FOR CATALOOUE. ENaoSE 10 CTS.TBHEU'ft.V POSTAGE Trade Marks Decigns Copyrights Ac." Anvone sending a sketrh and description may oulclily ascertain our opinion free whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Pat«nt8 sentfrefi. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents talten through Munn & ( o. receive vpecxal notice, without charge, in the rtfmvj'riiiM^/ sijppi V \ nirrAlBAIA/ special notice, without cnarge, m lue EVERYTHiHGii^hm^ Scientific Jlitierlcan. i-tf A handsomely illustrated weekly, j^a^gest cir- ?^Lf|Tou°/m%^n^!f5"i*«"h7tlinSl4l?r^ MUNN &Co.3«^«-»«'-^' New York Branch Office. 625 F St.. Washington, D. C. 3t? THE AMBliWAN BEE-KEEPER. Fchrutirij 1830-1900 Thk Kvanokmst for 1900 will be stronger mid more helpful thiiu ever us ii home paiier ofreliK" ious tlioiidlit aud work. It has iimoiig its regular contribuiors: Rev. Henry M. Field, 1).D.; Rev. Tharles II. Parkhurst, l>.l>-; Kev. Theodore L. t'uyler, D.D ; Prof. Win. Adams irown; Hev. 8. .VI. Hamilton, I),U.; I'rof. John I'e ^\ itt. D,I).; Hev. S. 15. Koss- iter, l>.I).; Hev. lien ick Johnson, D.L) ; Rev. T. S. Jliunliv, I).l> ; Hev. l'hili|) S. Moxom D.U.; Hev. A. F. Schnuffler, D.I).; Hev. H. S. llolmHS, M.D.; Mr. Hobeit K.Speiir; i>r. Newell Dwight Hiilis; Mine. Zeniiide Hajfozin; Mrs. J. D. tiunell; Mrs. Sus-in'reiill Cerry; .Mrs Julia Keese I'olles; Mrs. Oynthia Morgan S-t. John. Its Departments Cover the Wants of Evei y Member of the Family. Studies in Old Testament Literature by tlie editor. A series of illustrated articles on Presbyterian Manses. A series of spec- ial art cles on the Sunday School. A new serial by Mrs. llnughtdn. A series of articles on the New Biblical Criticism, by Prof. John I)e Witt, D.D., LL.D , Prince- ton. A series of articles on the New Bib- lical Criticism, by the Rev. Joseph Hutch- eson. Rector of the Church of the Epipha- ny, New York City. The CoUeore Depart- ment—Rev. C. VV. E Chapin. The Inter- national Sunday School Lessons, with maps, charts and illustrations. Christian Endeavor, by Rev. H. T. McKwen, D.D. Church Music Department. The Camera — I ucile Wand. Household Department — Ruth Weaiherby. SUBSCRIBE AT ONCE as we will i?end The Kvnngelist to APRIL 1, 1901, to nil new subscribers for 1900. You are los- ing an ismo every week tint yi«u delay. Price f3ayear, 52 numbers; uiinistt-r.-', $2. 2~tf 156 hifth Avenue, New York The Weekly Wisconsin, 6 months trial 25c. Every subscriber under this offer may receive, post paid. " 'J'he Kvening Wisconcin HANDY DICTIONARY." a ueat book of 248 pages, which, besides the dictionary of 200 pages, also contains the homestead laws of all the states, the postal laws, brief cooking recipes, and other use- ful information for the family. This book alone is worth the money. Address The Weekly Wis- consin, Milwaukee, Wis. 2-4t s u R E C U R E is making hundreds of sober .and industrious men every month. It is not injurious, a purely vegetable compound, and is easilv given for some other little ailment, thereby effecting the cure of the liquor habit disease without their knowl- edge of it being done. Hundreds are being cured in this manner that never could have been in- duced to take medicine. WB GUARANTEE t'URK. Prices are reasonable. Trial size $1. Full treatment 85. Editor of American Farmer Magazine, Chicago, III.: "I know that it has eured many who have taken it." I I Address Surecure Remedy Company H Y 178 E. Monroe St. Chicago, 111. Free! Don't Overlook Itl Sample Copy of Agricultural and Live Stock Herald. The best authority oa Belgian Hares published. Also pertains to the agricultural and poultry interest of the west. Finely illustrated. 2-tf Address AGRICULTURE PUBLISHING CO. Denver. Colorado. MPIRE WASHER FREE To Energetic Agents. EIWII I III— WVHOIILII H 111^ 1^ E'^<^^*^ous PROFITS ■ ■■■ 111^ ■■ll^rll^ll ■ llkk WITH LITTLE wo I'EUKEnT SATISFACTKIN CUARANTKKl). «i500 to any one who will Invent u .similar VVANIII.VO MAC'IIIKK that will operate easier or do better work. 'I"ht- Price la I.,i>w. VV rite forcircalars, price and terms to ugeiits. Aildre.s!' Oral ion this Z'aper. THE EMPIRE WASHER CO., JAMESTowaY. THODNITr^NT. a Thrilling story of Kentucky. By JOHN AUQ. , I 1 IV^fVl^ I wiX. WILLIAnS, Ex=Pres. Daughters College, Ky. Ev.TV mother should read this book. All the strong and lovable traits of character that all mothers admire in a son are forcibly brought out in the noble manhood of Thornton, the h-ro of this story. Every son should read it. It will make him braver in defending truth and riRht. Every daughter should read it. It will cause her to iidmire more th« nobility of character that young men should possess. 348 pagt's. I*rice, pap -r cover, 25c. 2-2t Address F. L. ROWE, Pub. 422 Elm St., Cincinnati, Ohio. 1900 TEE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 37 The Leading AGRICULTURAL JOUR- NAL of the South. No Farmer. Fruit Grower, Stocicraiser, Poultryman, Dairyman, or even Housewife can afford to be without this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on application. Advertising rates reasonable. Sello! Do you want some good POULTRY ? We have some fine White Wonders, R. C. B, l/eghoms B. f. Rocks. Partridge Cochins, Black Golden and S. S. Wyandottes and fine Toulouse Geese If you want some of them send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, The Eureka Poultry Farm, Hamburg, Wis. Bstablished over 18 years. 1-tf A small Poultry Farm Is Better than a Gold Mine if you know bow to run the business. There's $ Millions $ in it, bQt nine out of ten fail in it because they do not know the secret of Success with L"w'K Be Money in Hens. 1)0 yon know how to get it? Our New Poultry Book will tell you how. It tells you aU about poultry and explains why some (a few) succeed and otliers (ths many) fail. This invaluable Boolv given Free as pre- mium with our Farm and Poultry paper WAYSIDE «H.EANING8. 3 months for 10 cents. Address P B. WAYSIDE PCBLI8IIOG CO., CUntonvlUe Conn. The Fanciers* Review, Chatham, N. Y. 50 cents a year or, including one Poultry Book named below, 60 cents. 500 Questions and Answers on Poultry keeping. .25 Low Cost Poultry Houses (Plans) 25 Art of Poultry Breeding 25 The Hen Business TA. to Z.) Mrs May Taylor.. .25 TJncle Rastus on Poultry, J.H.Davis 25 300 Pigeon Queries and answers 25 BRREDRRS' CARDS, 81.00 for 40 words four months or 50 words thr e months. An advertiser writes that he sold "22 birds to one man and re- ceived an order for 100 eggs from a card in the Reyifw." PRINTING FOR POULTRYMEN a speeinlty. Samples Free. 12-4t ECCS IN WINTER Are easily obtained under ri^ht conditions and proper attention. Subscribe for our poultry paner and Irarn how. 25 cts. a year. Pnmple cony free. THE POULTEY ITEM, Box l&O, Fricks, Pa. ENCERIAN PENS WRITE WELL ONCE TRIED WEAR LONG ALWAYS USED Samples sent on receipt of retura postage — 2 cents. ^ ^ Established 1860 2tf NEVER NEGLECT A COLD OR COUGH Neglect a Cold or Cous.'h and if La Grippe don't s:et vou. Consumption will. CUSHMAN'S INHALEK cures colds and all diseases of the breath- way passages. You losedolln's In doc- tor bills in not keeping CXISHMAN'S INHAIjER. handy to drive off a cold or couffh or sore throat at Its very first approach. If yoo CRn't gel It at Drneelstg send for It.' * By mull, 50 cents. Send for Rank on Menthol, free. CVSHDIAN DKUGCO., VINCKNNKS, HID., D. 8. A. 2tf mm. The advocate of luter-denominational Comity and the sympathies of Universal Religion. The Organ of the Liberal Congress op Rb- LiGioN. Published weekly, $2.00 per ii,nnum. Send for sample copie-^. Addess 2tf 3939 Langley Avenue, Chicago JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY, Their Agreements and Disagreements By Rabbi Isaac M. Wise, President Hebrew Union 'College; Rabbi Congre- gation Children of Yeshurun ; bditor of the American Israelite. A complete comparative study of the two relig- ions from a liberal stnndpoint. and addressed to layman. Price one dollar, postnge paid. 2 6 Leo Wise & Co., Publishers, Cincinnati, 0. THE NORTH AND WEST. Presbyterian family newspaper, all departments Moderitt)r, Sample, Drs. Cuyler, Burrell, Chapman, Burrows, Gregg, and Donaldson, some of the writers for 1900. A 83 page quarto atlas, giving maps of missionary c luutries and Nt-w Possessions, given with a year's advance subscription at $2.00. 2-3 MINNEAPOLIS, rtlNN. 38 TEE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. February^ A montlily journal devoted to agricul- tural interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural paper in the West. It circu- lates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, Prop., 1123 N. St., Lincoln, Neb. Itf THE MYSTIC WORKERS OF THE WORLD. Best and Cheapest Fraternal Insurance Order in the Country. Address. EDMUND JACKSON, 1-5 Supreme Secretary, Fulton, 111. TEXAS A sample copy of the Texas Stockman and Farmer, published at San Antonio, Texas, will be mailed free to any address. It will tell you all about Texas. ^:/ ; 1-13 Tiie SoDtbern Frail and Vegetable Reporter, lleaches a raajoritv of the best shippers in the South. No other publication reaches half as many shippers. An advertisement brings good results. Try one. J E. SMITH. Publisher, 1-tf Monlicello, Fla. ^ONLY— CLASS Published in the State. The (AND UP-TO DATE FARMKR.) .published Monthly. 20 PaKeg. Subscription ."itK!. EHtublinhed ]H!t7. Circubition 5000 Devoted exclusively to Cri'mnery and Dairy in- terests and diversified fariDing. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. ISRAEL. Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. and we will ^ ^f SEND 50 (ENTS , , , forward post- paid, 7."i elegant ilristol Calling Cards and a beautiful Aluminum Pocket Card Case for same. Write you name and address J'LAIN to avoid errors. H. W. GRANT, 1-2 Lawrence, Kanaas Frances Sheldon Bolton's NevF Book on the care of Baby from Birth. \f^ Written by a mother Co Or, pages. Price, .50 cents. help young motliers. $1.00 per year, including the above book "Haby" free. Send postal for sample copy of Journal, Itf Address, Mother's Journal, J^ew Haven, CX. All About the West. Western Lanes Moini'S and St. Paul. Over 300 miles. In the heart of best section of the west. Evffvb.idy pro-p.-rous. L L KLINEFELTER, Publisher. A 20th Century Newspaper SPIRIT OF THE WEST, """'.^^T' Kstahlli-htil Ten Years. Published Weekly. Like Admiral l)ewey. "Several Days Ahead," Never b>-hind the times. Advertising may be sent direct or through any reliable idvertising agency. P. S. KELL, Manager. Send 15 cents in postage stamps and receive a copy of the beautiful Christmas Number. 12-4t The Fanciers' Review and Fruit Grower, A 16-page Monthly devoted to poultry-culiure and fruitgrowing. No more practical paper pub- lished. Kaeh issue worth a year's subscription which is only .oO cnts a year. Three issues for ex- amination 10 f-ents. BREEDERS' CARDS I One Dollar gets a 40 ■word card for tour (4) months (not three) in The Revikw. E. C POWELL, Publisher, i2-4t Chatham, N. Y. The National Fruit Grower. Keeps you posted on Fruit Topics, Prices, Cr 'p Conditions. Horticulture. Largest Hor- ticultural Publication west of New York. Issued Monthly. 50 cents per year. Samples free. 12-4t National Fruit Grower, St. Joseph, Hich. EVERYBODY WANTS SOUTHERN mmm You fret the best thought on this subject and its kindred branches in the Tki-siATE mmi and GARDENER Send 10 cents for a trial six months subscription. Y'ou will never regret it. TRl-STATE FARMER AND 1-tf GARDENER, Chattanooga, Tenn, THE RURALIST. be7r7 gniwer will be interested in our reports of extensive variety tests. Every Bee-keeper will be interested in the Bee and Honey Department, edited by J 0. Grimsley. Kvery Gardener will be interested and instruct- ed by the writing of a remarkably successful gar- dener, Henry Snyder. Ev ryone who thinks of moving south wants a truthful description of Maryland and you can get this here from disinterested writers. Send ten cents fur a year's t;ial subscription and you won't want to do without it. Address, THE RURALIST, Gluckheim, Dorchester Oc, Maryland. Ttic Live Stock Journal WE dlVE 'EM AWAY ! To learn the science of Breeding, Feeding and Man igement. National circulation. Special de- partments for Draft and (^ach horses. Cattle, Hogs. Sheet), Poultry and Dairy. No stock farm- er can afford to do without it. Subscription, SI. 00 a year. Write for free sample copy. Liberal cash com- mission to agents. THE LIVE STOCK JOURNAL, i2-3t 152 50th Street, Chicago, 111. THE NEW YEAR'S NUMBER SOUTHERN "fancier, the oldest and best conducted Poultry Journal in the South, will contain not less than 50 pages, filled with valuable articles from the foremost poultry writers of the country, and numerous up- to-date illustrations. It will far surpass any poultry publioation ever issued in the South. SEND FOR ADVERTISING RATES. Subscription ;>0e a year. Sample copy free. SOUTHERN FANCIER, Atlanta, Ga. To every new subscriber to the New England Fancier, 50c a year will give a year's subscrip- tion to any one of the following papers: The American Bee-Keeper, Poultry Monthly, Reliable Poultry Journal, Poultry Keeper, Southern Poultry Journal, Ohio Poultry Journal, A Few Hens, Fanciers' Review, Fancy Fowls orany other 50c paper in the United States. Sample copy free. Address NEW ENGLAND FANCIER, Yarmouthport. Hass. E^jt^f^T V>(^{id(^V "^ the American Bee- very KCdUCr Keeper is entitled to a Free Sample Copy of the PRACTICAL POUL- TRYMAN if he will send name and addres.« on a postal. This is to get you interested in one of the best Poultry Journals published, with the expecta- tion that you will send 50c for a year's subscription if you find the paper just what we say it is— a live, hustling, practical, reliable.semi-monthly journal. You need the paper; we want your support. Try it. Address, PRACTICAL POULTRYMAN, Whitney's Point, N. Y; Advertise in the National Farm Jour- nal, if you want to reach the people. 30 Words 25 Cts. Over 30 words 54 cent per word each insertion. National Farm Journal, Shawneetown, 111. 1"6 To the Mo. Valley Farmer. Kansas City Mo., and receive for six months the lead- ing farm and stock weekly of the West. Stamps accepted, 1"" Send 25 (ts. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Febniary PETS AND ANIMALS This Fplciulid iouniiil iiitcrcsl.s tlio wliolc fainih-, eepetiallv the chiUhen, Imliidiiifr tlw se '-of hui'er gruwih"— all "whose hearts :ire|,M)Uiis." It is issue 1 monlhlv; each iuiiiiIht contains isixtci ii lai^o paj.cs. priiLle ANiM.\Lsis liU( no olh»r publication. Its columns combine unique liter- ary features, good and « holosome fiction, scientific and Instructive article.*, interesting ane.-dotes practical sng- gertions. It teaches tliat kindness, thouglitfulness and mercv extended aduinl) creatureennoble^and broadens tJie niind of the person who performs the .service. These Two Pictures Free To introduce Pkts .\m> Amm.\i.s into new homes, we will send it one .vear for onl.v 50 cents, an0 cents toiJl.UO each. Remem- ber. Pets and Anim.\i.s oiu> year for only fifty cents, with both these pictures— 10x18 inches, in colors— abso- latelv free. This offer is gooii for thirty days only. Get Owo of .vour friends to suh.scribe. send us their names and §1.00. and you will receive our Journal one year and Ihe pictures without cost. A wire brood frames. Circulars and samples free. J. VAN DEUSEN &, SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Montgomery County. Sprout Brook. N. Y. Phage mention American Bee Keeper. :imr A Ndtiondl Authority on Horticulture. ^S?^- 12 3 BELT PUB. CO., Dunkirk, N. Y. ^ lEE Jf you want to hear of the very best bee and fruit country in the irorhl senrJ ~.') cents for a i/ear'-s Mibucription to the MISSOURI &' AR- KANSAS FARMER ({• FRUITMAN. Afhlresx: Uo <3. (PI^OIFflTITp ^U^o :Uf K^'.?JS^V© ©airVs iiSI®- Tlie Farmer's and Planter's Guide, Baltimore, Md.. is the only Agricultural Paper with a "(lood Roads" department. This feature alone is worth the price of subscription, which is only 50 cts. per year. 12-lf GEO. O. GOVER, PUBLISHER. THE BKST MEDIUM FOR THE BREED KR. U\ FAIJES. PER YEAR. N. Y. .50 CENTS BUFFALO, 12-I2t mi^ WANTED ! Your HONEY Wo will buy it, no matter where you are. Address, givjnfc' desf-ription and price. 12-tf TH05. C. STANLEY & SON, FalHield, III. THE AMERICAN GRANGE BULLSTIN AND SCIENTIFIC FARMER As the national paper of the Patrons (if Husbandry is especially valuable to e\ ery member of the Order. Subscription a;ir- titular. I irculates in 27 states anl Canada. A splendid advertising medium. Subscrip- tion filty cents per year, /address 12tf M.A. COOPER, Pub., Washuigtov, Pa. \mm(B ? A_ Monthly .Journal of (M pages, devoicd to Pit Games. Send for a free sample copy. i^DcgXIa M„ ©QODDDDDDDDngj©^ Editor and > ublisher, DERI'.Y. IND. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur iiee-Keeper, a 70 page book, by Prof. .1. W. Rouhe ; written especially; for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York ssiys : " It is the finest little book published at the present time." Price 24 cents; by mail, 28c. The little book and the Progressive l^ee-Keeper (a live, progressive, 28-page monthly journal) one year for C5c. Ap- ply to any first-class dealer or address L£AHY MFG. 00., Higginsville, Mo • « I WHY ^iS^^R- f?!*" f'^ 'iH' and its advantages. The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio. ANOTHER BIG OffER As 1 iiave e.xplained in previous ad- vertisements, the publisher of a good Journal can afford to make liberal offers^ for the sake of getting his Jour- nal into new hands. I have in the past made several such offers, but here is one that I consider especially liberal. If you are not a subscriber to the BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW, Send me r-^ ^1.30 "^^ And I will have your subscription to the American Bee-Keeper renewed for one year, send you 12 back numbers of the Rericir, and then the Uerkw for all of 18i)!i. Remember two things: You must be a NEW subscriber to the /?( ?'/(vr, jind the order must be sent to W. Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MICH. Over 1,200.000 SaaSSK were mailed from the Heed * it.v. Aiieh.. |m^tollil:e Ifist vpiii-, orinore than 100,001) eopie.s each iiisiie, Mib>ctiprion 80 cents per year. Advertising 40 cents per agate line. Success With The Garden and Farm, Keed City, Mich. S. H. RICHMOND. RHALi XSSTATK. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railway, Perrvne Grant. Cutler, Dade Co. Fla. 12tf OHIO m\m JOURNAL DAYTON, OHIO. A Live, Progressive, Up=to=Date Magazine It teache.s how to make poultry pay. It teaches how to breed prizewinners. 50e a year. 12tf Sample Copy 5e BISGAYItfS BAY Issued monthly. Terms, tifty cents a year. Address S. K. Richmond, editor. Cutler, Dade Co., Fla. Write for sam- "'• '•']'}■■ 12tf SAY WANTED Did you know the Western Bee Keeper has changed-hands? C. H. Gordon is now Editor and IMihlisher. Everj' b e e-k e e p e r^ large or .small, to send. 15c for four months trial; sample copy free. 47 Good Block, Denver, Colorado. Published Monthly by "^he W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. Vol. X riARCH, 1900 No. 3 The February Bee=Keeper. Emphasizing the Good Things in the Last Number. BV G. M. DOOI.ITTLE. j|BFORE enipha.sizing any of the ~" good things in the February number, it is necessary that I call attention to something which I fear Bro. Heath will not call a good thing. On page 22, near the middle of 2d Col., in quoting Bro. H., I am made to make him say 'quiet movements and careless hand- ling," while what he did say was "quiet movements and careful handling,'" and that is as I intended to quote him. Whether the mistake was mine or that of the typo at The Bee-Keeper office, it is no more than fair to Bro. Heath that the matter be corrected, although the average reader would, without doubt, supply "careful" in place of "careless," when reading, in order to make sense of the matter. TOBACCO STAPLES VS. NAII^S. On page 23, Frank L. Rehn tells us how he holds his bottom-boards tempor- arily to his hives in making nuclei, by using two long nails. This is verj- much better than not fastening them at all, and is just the way I used to work before I found out a better plan; therefore I call the nails a good thing for those who have never used any fasteners of any kind when moving hives. But of late I have used what are termed "tobacco staples" which are as much ahead of nails for temporarily holding hives to the bottom- board, or different parts of hives together, as the nails are ahead of not using any- thing. These staples are nothing more or less than double pointed tacks, on a large scale, the sizes I use being one inch, one and one-fourth inch, and one and one- half inch; the one and one-fourth inch being the size used mostly. In using, place one point against the upper part of the bottom-board and the other point against the bottom part of the hive, using one on each side, when, with one or two light blows with the hammer they are driven in from one-half to two-thirds the length of their points. This draws the bottom-boards up tight against the bottom of the hives and holds them there as would a vise, so that the whole can be picked up together and carried anywhere; into the cellar, loaded on a wagon, etc. , just as you would a hive having a fast bottom. When you wish the bottom movable again, just run a screwdriver, chisel, or something of the kind, between the tobacco staple and the hive, give a little pry, and it conies out very easily, and is ready to use again, over and over, as many times as it is needed. These staples can be pro- cured at almost any hardware store, or purchased through those dealing in bee- keepers' supplies. Then thej'^ are very convenient in mending any hive or board which may become split, and by driving clear up, the pieces are held together so tightly that the board will solit almost as 42 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEJi. Mdi'ch quickl)- anywhere else as it will in the old place. COLOR BREEDING. On page 26. W. H. Pridgen uses these words. "Although much is being said against breeding for color it is evident that those who condemn it are guilty of the same to the extent of keeping up their chosen standard." Here is a point that the advocates of the dark or leather colored Italians have ignored entirely in all of this breeding for color controversy. I claim that the dark Italians have been just as much injured by in and-in breed- ing as have the light or golden Italians. In fact, I have had far more worthless bees of the dark strain than I have of the goldens, and I know of no way of account- ing for it except that they have been bred too closely toward the dark. All should strive to infuse new "blood" into their apiaries as often as every two or three years, where they are breeding closely along any line. Bro. P. is quite right in believing that we cannot well breed along any desired line for a term of years except we are guided more largely from the color stand-point than from any other, for all breeders know that very little, if any, headway, can be made by taking a colony of what are called '"hustlers," which came from no definite pedigree, and trying to secure the desired traits from them, by any selection which can be made, regardless of color. As Bro. P. well says, the queen to give any definite good results "must be a thoroughbred." And the thoroughbred part is very largely a myth, only as it is known from the color standpoint. And for this reason there can be no truer assertion than that made by Bro. P. when he .says "As long as bees are kept, color will be one of the main points in making a .selection for breeding purposes." And he who argues to the contrary, shows that he has not looked into this breeding problem as closely, and as deeply as he might. KNOWLEDGE Ol" OUR LOCALITY. G. W. Demaree, in finishing up his article, on page 28 says, "profits from the apiary nuist depend largely on the .skill of the apiarist; especially his knowledge of the resources of his locality." If every reader of The Bee-Keeper will ponckr over that thought till it is fairly 'burnt'd ' into the mind, he or she will not regret the paltry fifty cents they paid for this paper for the year 1900. Right here is where the larger part of the would-be bee- keepers fail. They do all of their work in the dark as it were, guessing when the harvest of honey is likely to occur, in- .stead oi knoiving to a certainty y« 5/ what flowers produce a surplus, 2i\\^just when those flowers may be expected to open so as to invite the bees to a .suriiptuous feast. The very first work any person is to do who contemplates keeping bees, or who has bees already, but has paid no attention to these matters, is to secure a thorough knowledge of the time and source of the blossoms which give a yield of nectar. But I think I hear some one saying, how can I secure this know- ledge? Very simple matter, but it will take some time. When you find the bees coming in with honey, enough so that the combs are beginning to grow white along the top bars of the frames, by the cells being lengthened out with new wax, then it is time for you to follow the bees to the flowers which are giving this honey or nectar. Go out to the apiary and care- fully walk all around it, walking out ten or more rods from any hives, listening in- tently as you walk, when you will soon find in which direction the bees are going by the .sound. Now look into the air, shading the eyes with the hands, if the day is clear, when you will soon see the course the "multitudes are traveling," and having thus seen, "follow the multi- tudes," the same as you would any multi- tude going to a show, and after a little you will hear the "merry laughter" as the bees hover about on the flowers which are yielding their sweets to those odor invited guests. Having found this out, make a minute of the flowers, and date of their being visited by the beee, which 1900 TEE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 43 you will carefully keep for future refer- ence. Do this same thing again when 3-ou mistrust that new flowers are yielding nectar, and so continue on till you have a list of all which yield nectar and the time of their opening. Now you have a data on which to base your operations in all the years to come as long as you stay in that location, when you can exhibit ' your "^skiir'' by making all of your oper- ations with the bees conform with this knowledge you have of your location. Borodino, N. Y., P'eb. loth 1900. Robbers and Queenless Colonies. BY M. F. REEVE. 1f| H.'\D a recent opportunity of testing 1^ the soundness of the theory that a -^ queenless colony is liable to become the prey of "robbers," and that they will hesitate before plundering a colony having a queen. Having an overflowing colony which had a good breeding queen, I con- cluded to divide, to prevent swarming, early in June. I removed four of the eight frames of honey and brood from the main hive, leaving the queen, and substituted four frames of foundation. The four frames taken out were placed, with adhering bees, in a hive body, and the same plan of alternating pursued. This bod}' with its eio.ht frames was set on top of the old hive and the cover put on. Still the bees were uneasy and made a couple of attempts at swarming. The upper body was then lifted upon a new bottom board with a new cover, the en- trance closed with a strip of wire cloth, and moved to a new stand fifty feet dis- tant the bees being imprisoned all day and night until next morning. The wire gauze gave them plenty of ventilation. The wire was removed, and the bees began flying at once. Robbers quickly discovered that the colony had no queen and began raiding it in clouds. A zinc entrance guard was set on, and the in- mates made a bold defense behind it, chasing the interlopers away. The same day I sent to Delaware for a virgin queen. which was introduced two dajs after- wards and adopted at once without any trouble, and ever since that time the garrison has been able to repel all at- tempts b}- neighboring foragers to carry out its stores. The robbers were stran- gers as I easily established by ''flouring" them from a dredging box as they swarmed outside ol the zinc guards, and then watching the entrances of my six other hives. Not a "floured" bee re- turned to them. Rutledge, Pa. The Dickel vs. Dzierzon Theories. BY C. THEILMANN. ^T a convention of bee-keepers held at Salzburg, Austria, irrefutable facts were brought out by Prof. Dickel in oppcsition to the fallacious non- sperm, in drone eggs, theorj' of Dr. Dzierzon. Prof. Dickel gave the bee-keepers a very- simple method by which each might con- vince himself of the correctness of his premises. For nearly fifty years the Dzierzon theory, based upon his own observations and supported by Prof. Siebold's micro- scopical investigations, was that queens possess the ability to lay either an impreg- nated or unimpregnated egg at will; from the former, queens and workers develop, and from the latter, drones only; and whoever dared to write or say anything to the contrary was either passed unnoticed or laughed at. The American Bee Jour_ nal says, quoting from Deutsche Illus. trierte Bienenzeitung, "The Dzierzon theor}' so far stands as solid as a rock, and it will require more proofs than have yet been brought against it to budge it in the least." The formula given by Prof. Dickel is this: Take eggs from a drone comb, laid by a normal queen, and insert them into worker cells in a colony that has been queenless long enough to become some- what apathetic. The bees will not ac- cept transferred eggs, but will tear them 44 TEE AMERICA!^ BEE-KEEPER. March. out. The development of these eggs will show that workers and queens may he produced from drone eggs. Another: Remove from a drone comb all larvse and replace with just-hatched larvae from a worker comb, and give the one thus pre- pared to a colony under the same con- ditions as before. You will see, then, queens and drones reared from impreg- nated worker eggs, even after they have hatched out. C. THEII^MANN. Dzierzon still holds to his theory and says Dickel is wrong. Though I have been convinced since 1883 that bees can and will rear drones from what are known as worker eggs, laid by a normal queen, and during a good flow of honey I can easily cause them to do so at my pleas- ure— with any swarm. I was first led into the secret of this in July, 1883, when I hived a swarm of full-blooded Cvi)rians, many workers of which returned to the parent colony, leaving the swarm too weak for the production of comb honey, which was my aim at that time. The next day I united with them a second swarm, but all my efforts to prevent them from waging war upon each other were in vain, and they decamped for parts un- known, while I was engaged in caring for other swanus. The following morning I found the empty hives with two nice pieces of comb about as large as my hand — all worker cells — one of which was stocked with eggs on both sides, as far as the comb was sufficiently drawn out. Soon after I had completed my examination another swarm came out, and was hived upon these frames with the .starters of comb that had been deserted the day pre- vious, which they accepted, and went to work with a vigor. About a week later I examined them an found the frames filled with drone comb, except the two ])atches referred to above. The one con- taining the eggs now had three queen cells and about 25 drone and 200 to 300 worker pupae, all capped. The drones were all in enlarged worker cells, not one of which had been missed in the distribu- tion of the eggs as far as the brood ex- tended This convinced me that, while a nor- mal queen never lays drone eggs the first (lay after SAarniing. bees can and do pro- duce drones from what are called "worker eggs." To make sure that I was correct in my conclusion, tests were made on a larger scale, as follows: On July 9, 1899, I prepared two hives with starters in frames, and hived upon them swarms with some of my best one- year old queens. On the nth a swarm with clipped queen issued; the queen was caged and placed at the entrance of a new hive with starters in the frames, on the old stand, where the bees were allowed to return to their mother. A frame with eggs from the stock colonies was immed- iately given them; the queen being left at the entrance until sunset, at which time she was taken away and the swarm re- moved to a new stand; but they became very restless and I returned them to their former position. Upon examination on the 19th I found them entirely destitute 1900 TEE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 45 of brood and eg^s, and another frame with eggs was at once given them. On the 24th four queen cells, two drone larvae and about 300 worker larviv were nearly completed. Number 2 also swarmed on the nth, and was treated in the same way as the first, but did not tear out all the eggs, and on July 24tli had nine queen, ten drone and two worker cells all capped. This swarm, like the first, had also changed stands. swarmed July 14th and was treated the same as number 3 and 4. On July 24th it was found to contain 28 queen, 10 drone and 800 to 900 worker pupae. As there were no drone cells in any of the combs given these five swarms, the drones reared were in enlarged worker cells and the more convinced ine that bees will and do rear drones from what are called "worker eggs." The idea of a normal quten slipping cogs and dropping stitches, and that young ■.'>■■- „ - , "v"'- o*"" ', '^"''5'"''"''*'' ^ » tin basins; all of these when full were set to one side and kept covered so that the cooling process nnght go on slowly, thus preventing the cracking of the cakes. Moulded in new tin the cakes came out nmch brighter tlian when using any old rusty basins, as I have done before. I was greatly pleased wiih the appearance of the wax and so were others. Having some on exhibition at the fair some ex- perienced bee-keepers asked me repeated- ly how I had managed my wax, whether I had varnished it, etc. For that reason I make .special mention of this point. All wax that wouid run from the faucet without tipping the can up, came out perfectly clean and none of the cakes, when cool, had any sediment. That which did not run out was allowed to cool in the can, slightly tipping the can back, to leave the faucet above the top surface of the wax. As soon as hardened sufficiently and yet before the wax had become really cold, the slab about an'inch thick was taken out and dirt and other impurities were scraped off from the bottom. I melted this cake with the next batch each time and thus managed I had only one .small cake of inferior wax in my whole lot of 150 pounds Naples, N. Y., Jan., 1900. That ''an apiary is a place where ihey grow apes," as expressed in the compo.M- tion of a little school girl, is rather con- tradicted by one of our amateur subscrib- ers, who says he has found out that " bee-keeping is no monkey business." 'Skies" on Comb Honey Production. sUR last instructions to Friend Haf- fins was on the management of swarms. We will now give him a short les.son on the production of comb honey: To get bees to build comb and store honey in se6lions is an easy matter, but to produce a really fine article of comb honey is one of the finest points in bee- keeping. The first step toward scientific comb honey production, is the selection of the bees. Any bee that will gather honey will do for extracted honey, but not so for comb. Only those colonies should be selected that are nearest perfect as comb builders, and whose cappings are the whitest. Only such colonies as these must be used as breeders. No drones must be allowed to fly from any colony, except those having these desirable qualities. No queens must be reared from any but colonies having these qualities. If this is done persistently, and every queen destroyed, the work of whose pro- geny falls below the standard you have set, for a few seasons, you will have an apiary of thoroughbred, fancy, comb honey producers — that is, as far as the bees go. But no matter how thoroughly bred the bees, if you are slovenly and careless in your general work with them, or lacking in the details, the product of your apiary will fall below the standard of the fanc}' class. Probably the first thing for the beginner ambitious of becoming a first-class comb honey producer, jto learn, is the impor- tance of keeping the hives level. Too much stress cannot be laid on this point. If you would have perfectly built comb, you must have your hives perfectly level. You may tip them forward during the winter or spring, but keep them level during the summer. It matters little what kind of hive is used, so long as it accommodates a suit- able surplus arrangement. The surplus 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 49 receptacle should be arranged to tighten up from the side with follower and wedge, thus firmly holding the sections together, and leaving no room at the joints for propolis. The next important thing is the liberal use of comb foundation. We believe that it is money well invested to use full sheets of the thinnest make, in the sections. Separators are also indispens- able in the production of fancy comb honey. When separators and full sheets of foundation are used the sections are more uniform in their filling and weight, neater in appearance, easier to handle and pack in the shipping cases, more inviting, and command enough better price in the general market to more than pay for foundation and separator. The next important thing is to know when to put the sections on and when to take them off. Now the old orthodox rule is to put the sections on as soon as the bees begin to whiten the combs along the top bars of the brood nest. Some- times this rule is right, and sometimes not; but you had better follow it until you have learned by a series of yearly observa- tions when to expect your honey flow from this, and when from that, and then have your sections on just in time to ac- commodate them. Just as soon as a su- per of sections is all capped, except the outside row or corner-section, take them off; take the unfinished sections from several supers and put them in one and set them on a colony to be finished. By posting vourself thoroughly on when your honey flows will commence, and the probable duration of each, you can man- age so you will not have a great many unfinished sections left at the end of the season. Another thing is the sections them- selves. If you are going to produce first- class, fancy honey, use nothing but No. I white sections. Absolute cleanliness and neatness must be the rule used in putting your product on the market. Re- move every speck and spot from your sections, as you would a spatter of mud from your Sunday clothes. If you don't, you are leaving a blemish upon your re- putation as a fancy comb honey producer. EBENEZER SKIES. Convention Notes. From the Meeting of the Ontario County Bee=Keeper8' Association. Reported by Secretary K. Greiner. ,HE Ontario County (N. Y.) Bee- Keepers' Association held their annual meeting in Canandaigua Dec. 14 and 15, 1899. The address of President- Marks was attentively listened to. He urged in particular upon those present to take more interest in our meet- ings and if possible try and interest those who now in apathy stay away. Since all the local associations may now enjoy the substantial aid of the State through the Bureau of Farmers' Institutes, it seems that a new era is dawning upon us in reference to the bee- keepers' associations. The presence of noted speakers and others from a distance, that may be procured by this aid, always lends a charm and great influence to meetings, and entices and persuades— it is our experience— many a bee-keeping friend to attend these gatherings. Presi- dent Marks also explained the advantages of selling our honey under the special trade mark and seal of the Association, as had been practiced by several members. He himself has often had call for honey guaranteed by the Association and sealed with their seal. The first paper read before the conven- tion, entitled "Bees versus Man." com- posed and delivered by Mrs S.J.Smith of Manchester, N. Y., was appreciated by all present. Profes.sor F. Benton, Assistant Ento- mologist of the Agricultural Department, Washington, was the center of attraction and made addresses on both days. He spoke of the functions of differernt organs of the bee and her relationship to 50 TBE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. March agricuUure. I make the following notes from his address: The antenna- of the bee are the seat of smell, ue fnll of pits and hairs, making them very sensitive to tonch and may also ]ierform auditory functions. Thi- bee is very particular as to having these organs in the best possible condition, clean and bright. On the threshold of the hive just before the bee leaves for a journey she cleans them by a certain move toward the fore-leg, drawing them through a comb-brush-like contrivance located at the second joint of the leg. Watching a bee when ready to start one generally observes her making this move about as a lazy boy would wipe his eyes before getting out of led at S o'clock in the morning. It seems to be necessary that the antennie are perfectly bright to do good service. The body of the bee, and more so the underside, is thickly covered with hairs, interlacing, featherlike, forming com- pound hairs designed to catch and hold the pollen du.st when the bee is visiting the blossoms. On the third joint of each hindleg is located a nine-rowed brush, which assists in brushing the pollen off from the bee's bod3\ 'J he next section higher up above these brushes forms the pollen-basket. The inside of this is covered with curved hair, which serve to hold the pollen while being carried to the hive. The middle leg packs the pollen into the baskets and form the well known pollen -pellets. After a bee enters the hive with a load of pollen she hunts up a cell suital)le to receive her load, [(ireiner and II. S. Case had ob- served that a pollen -loaded bee did not at once .seek a ced for depositing the pol- len, but seemed to first pau.se for a minute or two and go through with a tremulous or shaking motion for some reason or other, as though she wanted to shake every particle of dust of? from her body ] She then inserts the two hinrllegs into the cell found and by the two spurs located on the middle legs pries the pol- len-pellets lose from the ba.skets. She does not attend to the packing down of the pollen. Younger bees attend to that,, not with their bare feet like the boys in Germany do when putting up sauer- kraut, but with their heads. Differently colored pollen is stored indiscriminately although the bees while gathering con- fine themselves to the pollen of one species of planls. Meeting the accusation sometimes heard, that bees would injure fruit blossoms or the buckwheat bloom. [It seems .strange that in these times of en- lightenment, there should any such non- sense find a lodging place in the head of any person; such a head must indeed be very empty. In Buddha, the Indian Bible, written over 3,000 years ago, the following may be found: "As the bee collects honey and departs without injuring the flower. So let him, who is wise, dwell on earth." It seems then, that there was a better understanding about the matter 3,000 yeairs ago, than some people now have. — The Reporter'] He stated that the anther of e\ ery stamen, of which some blossoms have a great many, contains a million or more grains of pollen and but one grain of these was required for the fertilization of one pistil. Pollen is necessary for both bees and plants; honey is of no u.se whatever to the plant or blossoms, except indirectly in .so far as it .serves to attract bees and in- sects to aid in pollination. After a short recess the question box was opened and conducted by Prof. Ben- ton. 1st question — Do Italian bees cap their cond) honey as white as do the blacks and Carniolans? Answer; No. 2nd question — Is amber honey richer and of better flavor than white? Answer: Questionable. 3rd question — Are we ready to put the seal of the A.s.sociation on dark honey? Dis- cussed pro and con. 4tli question — What is the best way to winter bees, under sealed cover or under quilt and packing? Answer: Quilt and 1900 TEE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 51 packing. 5th question — How to keep moths out of combs? Answer: Place an empty brood chamber on top of a stack of combs, and therein a dish with a little bisulphide of carbon, then cover uptight; the liquid will transform into gas and kill everything living within the stack of hives. 6th question — Have you used drone traps to control swarming exten- sively? Answer: No; seem too much of a hindrance to the worker bees. A paper, read by F. Griener, treated of the cotnb honey super. Different supers were discussed and exhibited. He pre- fers the wide-frame super, wants his sections protected on all four sides; he thinks then there will be no section clean- ing machine necessary. Editor York wonders that the bee- keepers of America are being baffled by as small a thing as a section cleaner, when the case may be all together differ- ent; at least Greiner imagines that such a thing may not be regarded as essential b}- the majority of bee-keepers. On the evening of the first day Prof. Benton gave an illustrated lecture (magic lantern ) on the structure of the honey bee, also spoke of the relationship of the bee to agriculture. The lecture was given in the large and commodious school-hall before a mixed audience; it was instructive and interesting and was listened to closely. Many present ex- pressed their pleasure and gratification, among them the principal and professors of the school. On the second day Mr. Benton related his experience in queen rearing, .spoke about shipping and introducing cages, etc. He had experimented with all manner of artificial queen cups The gauze cells were accepted most readily and were made as follows; Little squares of ordi- nary wire screen were pressed into siiit- able molds; a wire nail was next pushed through each one from the inside, thus forming a handle by which they could be manipulated. The gauze wa? then trim- med off with a pair of shears to about the shape and size of a just-started q leen- cell, then dipped in hot wax ofte«i enough to make each one rather substantial. The cells were fastened to the top bars by pushing the nails into the soft wood after a little royal jelly had been placed into each cell and a young larva. Mr. B. had no trouble to have these cells ac- cepted and built out by the bees. The cells, after the queens had hatched, were gathered up and used again when the occasion demanded it. In using substitutes for royal jelly the Professor had not been very successful , but had succeeded in transferring larvae without any jelly. Mr. Benton pronounced the shipping cage as not well suited for introducing queens, and he favored a cage similar to the one illustrated in Gleanings and the Review about a year ago, made from wire- cloth of rather stiff wires. He described another cage which he had tried. It was made of a wooden disk, perhaps two inches in diameter. A row of holes wag punched through, all the way along with, in one-fourth inch of the periphery. Then wire nails were pushed through the holes, forming a very substantial cage, that would well stand to be pushed part way into the toughest comb. It seemed, however, that worker bees would .some- times reach through the long spaces be- tween the nails and catch hold of the queen's legs before they had become well acquainted. A mutilated queen had thus been sometimes the result. Among other things there were ex- hibited several different _kinds and shades of honey, in tall, no bee-way sections. The sampling took place in the Web.ster House dining hall. It .so hap- pened that the exhibitor was saved the painful necessity of carrying his case of honey back home again; janitors, editors of the local press and some of the bee. keeping friends, who .seemed to take a special liking to this or that kind of the sweet, came in for a share, and so the exhibitor was luckily relieved of his burden. 52 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. March From tin- Maine Farmer. WINTKKING BHKS IN THK CHI.LAU. If the coiidilioiis are all right the cellar is the best place to winter bees. The question then arises, what are the ])roper conditions? The cellar should be dry and free from filth and decaying vegetation. It should be ventilated often and kept dark. it is not well to have much pounding and noise around the hives. The temperature should be kept even, at about 38 or 40° above zero. The hives should be raised several feet above the bottom of the cellar and kept secure from the work of mice. It is well to have several blankets over the brood nest to absorb moisture, and over these blankets, ample ventilation to carrv off the steam. So long as the bees are still they should be profoundly let alone ; but when any hive is noisy i^ should be set outside, on some warm da}*, when the temperature is 50° or more "above zero, and let them have a fly, and then set back. I ])Ut my bees in the cellar about the middle of December and set them out about the middle of March. This can be safely done with my double wall hives ; but with the common thin wall hives it would be un.safe to leave them out so late, and put them out so early, unless they have protection. 1 think my bees are wintering nicely this year for they are profoundly still. In ob.serving the above conditions I hardly know what it is to lose bees in wintering, and they winter on a small amount of honev. — Ri;v. C. ]M. Hhrrinc. The secret of successful spring manage- ment lies in tlie careful retention of the animal heat of the colony in the hive. With snug packing, plenty of stores, a good (jueen, accessible pollen or its .sub- stitute, and guarding a^-aiust the flight of the bees during unfavorable weather, spring lo.s.ses will be greatly reduced. PtmLISHED MONTHLY BV THE W. T. FALCONER MANFQ. CO. H. E. HILL, Editor. Terms : Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies, Sscts.; 3 copies. $1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the U. S. and Canada ; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates : Fifteen cents per line, g words; $2.00 per inch. 5 per cent discount for two insertions; 7 per cent, for 3 insertions ; 10 per cent for 6 insertions; 20 per cent, for 12 insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. •^Matters relating in any way to business sho\ild invariably be addressed to The AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, Falconer, N. Y. 45"Articles for publication, or letters exclu.s- ively (or the editorial department, may be ad- dressed to H. K. HILL, Fort Pierce, Florida. 4S" .Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription ex- pires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. a®" A red wrapper on your paper indicates tha: you owe for your subscription Please give the matter your early attention. 1- K 1 / ,/ Our Spanish exchange, "El Apicultor Chileno," of Chili, has failed to appear for several months. One tiene, ainigos? Some of our bee-keeping exchanges are so late in arriving each month as to actu- ally be "back numbers ' when received. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 53 "When anything about the apiary needs •doing it is an excellent plan to get the necessary tools and do it. To know that a thing needs doing doesn't help matters. For the engraving of Mr. Beckwith's wax squeezer shown in this issue, as also for the cut of Mr. W. H. Pridgen which appeared last month, we are indebted to The Bee-Keepers' Review. The most recent acquisition to our ex- •change list is the American Farmer Mag- .azine, of Chicago, which is certainly a di- rect advance in agricultural publications. It is gotten up in the style of our high- class magazines, is profusely illustrated^ and the gtneral character of its contents such as to commend it to the cultured rural home Mr. W. Drake, of Cambridge, England, is said to have in his possession a specimen of honey comb that is hundreds of years old. It was taken from the heart of a giant bog oak which had lain for an in- definite period buried six feet below the surface of a marsh. Bees, it is said, were also found about the base of the aperture from which the perfect specimen of comb was taken. The United States Bee-Keepers' Associ- ation and the National Bee-Keepers' Union have been united and the amalga- mated society will be known in the future as the ' ' National Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion." Bee-Keepers of the United States cannot better serve the interests of our industry than by supporting the new- organization. A commission man who contributed an article to the Bee-Keepers Review com- plained thai he had found some bee-keep- ers who were very tricky. Somnambulist, in Progres.sive Bee-Keeping, conmients thus in part upon the woes of the commis- sion-man : • ' It has been a sort of a 'tit for tat ' business, the only diflference being, I suspect, that the bee-keeper has had nmch the largest dose The United States Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion has 400 members and a balance of I131.00 in its treasury One thing is clearly evident in regard to this same association : We are greatly over-estimat- ing the value and importance of it, or else the bee-keepers of the country are very slow to recognize a " good thing. " It is hard to be compelled to believe that either is a fact, but such must be the case. Mr. Benj. Parks, of Stuart, Fla., a few days since had occasion to visit Fort Pierce, and honored us with a brief call. Mr. P. is one of Florida's progressive and prosperous apiarists and has one of the finest locations on the coast. When Mr. Parks fails to harvest a good crop of honey it is indeed a poor season for Florida bee- keepers. Having said that he "is progres- sive," it is needless to add that Mr. Parks is a regular reader of the American Bee- Keeper. A writer in the Bee-Keepers' Review, who is a buyer of honey, having said that moths were found in some of the goods purchased in Colorado, it is now being stronglv asserted that the wax moth is un- known in that state. Mr. Aikin, in the same journal, says that combs can stand anywhere in that country and never a moth to bother them . By way of contrast we might say in this connection that in South Florida combs that are left in the extracting room over night are very apt to show webs in the morning, and if left would be completely ruined within a week. Mr. O. O. Poppleton, the veteran bee- keeper of Iowa, Cuba, Florida, etc., is now quite extensively engaged in migratory bee keeping along the east coast of the latter state, and the conduct of his busi- ness is facilitated by the newest in modern appliances. About a year ago Mr. P. had built a commodious transport, which is propelled by a naphtha engine, for u.se in moving his apiaries from place to place ; and now he •'steams" quietly up and o4 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Mil veil 'lown the coast, independent of the winds and weather. In passing Fort Pierce re- cently Mr. Pop])leton stopped off to have a half-hour-chat with the editor, and it was to us a very p]ea.sant event. We shall avail ourself of the first opportunity to show our readers a picture of his new bee- lannch. NECT.^K SKCRHTION .\NIJ WHITK CI,OVKR. The following note from Dr. Miller will explain itself. As suspected by the doc- tor, an erroneous idea might easily be gathered from the paragraph in question. As for ourself, we must confess to have misunderstood the intended meaning : Mr. Kditor : — The statement, page 29, " that white clover does not yield nectar until it has been in bloom ten days," mav be misunderstood. It does not mean that any one blossom does not yield nectar until it has been in bloom ten days. I^ dres not mean that when a field of white clover is found in bloom the bees will not be working there for ten days. Let me explain : Each year I keep a sharp lookout for the^/-.s7 single clover blossom. It may be in some specially favored spot, andtlieremay be only one blossom, or there may be .several. About ten days after the finst blossom is seen, bees may be expected to be working on clover, un- less, indeed, it be one of tho.se seasons when white clover blooms but does not yield honey. C. C. Mii.lhr. 11 HI, imooi) IN cruA. \"ery gloomy reports have been made by some of those who have gone to investi- gate the ajjicultural situation in Cuba, but the bluest of those that have hitherto ar- rived are ])aled by a recent report in the American Hee Journal, from G. Rocken- back. The accounts of his experiences, surmises, predictions, etc., are by far the most gloomy that have lieen wafted from the shores of this tropical isle. He says he has examined about 50 apiaries, every one of which was rotten with foul brood. The stench from some hives when he raised the cover woidd almost knock him down. All drug treatments utterly failed to cure in that country, and the McKvoy method makesitwor.se. He has "no doubt but the whole island is rotten from end to end. "Reliable information in regard to the apicultural outlook in Cuba is now of in" I terest to bee keepers everywhere, and it is I gratifying to note that resident producers I of honey take a much more cheerful view of the situation than the Journal's corres. pondent, whose article clearly shows that he would not be clas.sed. in the language of the hour, as an "up-to-date bee" I keeper." • A c;OOD MANGROVE LOCATION. Last summer when we were looking up a location in the extreme southern por- tion of Florida, a number of persons to whom we referred for information, men- tioned a Frenchman who is located on Key Largo, one of the Florida Keys, as a very successful bee-keeper. The season was then so tar advanced that we did not go farther than the Miama river, as the mangrove, which is the only source of honey on the Kev, was then in full bloom; but we have often thought of the stories of the great success of this lone French- man on the Florida Key. We recently received a letter from a bee-keeper at Cocoanut Grove, Fla., — a Mr. D. R. Keyes — who was in quest of a location where he would have more de. sirable social advantages for himself and family. A brief con espondence followed, and in the course one of Mr. Keyes letters was concluded with this paragraph : " There is a man on Key Largo who keeps about 125 colonies. He recently stated that from one colony last summer he extracted 63 gallons of honey, and that he can easily average 30 gallons per hive. He received a check not long .since for |i 200.00, from a New York house, which he said was his returns for one shipment of honey. The trouble on the Keys .seema to be that after the three-months flow is over there is little for the bees to live ou 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. (luring the rest of the year, and this man has his in two apiaries." During the past five years we have re- ceived hundreds of letters from all parts of the country,from persons desiring to find a good location for bees in Florida, Some- times it would appear that everyone is cast- ing a wistful eye this way, and we always endeavor to give honesta dvice in regard to Florida as a bee-keeping country. There are many drawbacks in this, as in all other countries in which we are acquaint- ed, and it matters not how much experi- ence a man may have had in the North, if he decides to locate in the far South, he must again learn bee-keeping. There would be found lots of obstacles on Key Largo, but without having had personal experience, we have good reason to believe that for honey. Key Largo would be found first-"lass. It should be borne in mind, however, that the insects are very bad, that societ}- is out of the question, and that the hvim of bees would often be drowned by the din of the rolling surf, the howling of the wind and the scream- ing of sea fowl. THEILMANN CATCHES A SH.VKK. Relating to Mr. C. Theilmann whose picture is shown elsewhere in this number of The Bee- Keeper, there is a short story with a long moral, told in a recent issue of the American Bee Journal. Some three or four years ago there was a nest of swindlers engaged in the produce commission business in Chicago — several "nests" in fact — who succeeded in rob- bing unsuspecting bee-keepers of their season's crop of honey. Mr. T. shipped 10,346 pounds of comb hone3- to one of these, doing business under the name of H. C. Bartling & Co. . for which he was to receive 11 '4c per pound, f. o. b. Tlieil- manton, ?>linn., one-third payable upon arrival in Chicago, and the remainder in 60 and 90 days. He .says : "I waited about ten days after shipping, and when no money came I went to Chi- cago, and found that my honey was sold (pretended, or partly hid); I demanded a settlement, when a report was made out, which showed the honey all sold on com- mission. With the freight charges, cart- age and commission deducted form the sales, it netted over |2oo less than the cash sale I had made with the firm before the honey was shipped. But I gladly accept- ed their statement, on which they paid me I250, and promised to pay the rest later on. I got their check certified at their bank, and took further advice from my attorneys, Messrs. Masterson & Haft, then demanded the balance due on the statement, which they refused- to pay. Bartling was then arrested, but the justice of the peace dismissed the case. Then Bartling ari'ested me for stealing the statement his partner gave me. The case was tried before Justice Hoffman, four or five miles out from the center of the city, and was also dismissed. I then was re- arrested for libel, and sued for $[1,500, and would have had to go to jail if I had not had a rich friend in Chicago to go on. my bond. At the same time Bartling was sued for the balance of his .statement be- fore the circuit court, which ended with a decision and a judgment for $7 11. So against Bartling. He asked tor a new trial, which was granted, with the result that the judgment stood good." Bartling later appealed the case to the appellate and supreme court of the state of Illinois, but the rulings of the lower courts were in each instance sustained, and the gentleman 1?) who sought to luxuriate in the great windy, and wicked city upon the proceeds of a country bee- keepers' labor had to choose between pay- ing up or going to jail. Mr. Theilmann says that he decided to do the former, and accordingly settled on Jan. 16, 1900. CLUBBING LIST. We will send the American Beb-Kbkpee with the— PUB- B^*™ American Bee Journal, - $100 f | 3| Bee-Keepers' Review. - ' | XX | ^ Canadian Bee Journal, 1 OU 1 » Gleanings in Bee Culture, - i 00 ^ « American Qu-en. . - - o" ~f Self Culture Magazine. - - 1 (W 1 w 56 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. March [LD¥[E[^^[^^ RQCDiri Outing, the apostle of fresh air and sunshine, ot' healthful exercise and ex- hilarating sports, defies in its March issue, the conventional aspects of winter and dispels its influence. Whilst other pub- lications are rending the feelings with human slaughter in South Africa, it pre- sents the peaceful landscape and the ways of " Big Game in Matabeleland," its for- ests, its flora and its fauna, with illustra- tions that are a revelation. It follows the ' leaping Tuna " in our Pacific Waters; describes the "Irish Wolf Hound," des- tined to play a notable part in ridding the Northwest of a scourge. Takes its Golfing readers around "The Links of the Far West," its aquatic devotees rowing over "' The Pleasant Courses of vSan Francisco Bay," and its Cyclists on an ' Foster Trip through France." Tells of the doughty deeds on the track and field in " Wonder- :u! Athletic Performances," gives a birds- eye view, of "Match Day on the St. Andrew's Links of Old vScotia," and takes its heroine in fiction through a Skiing adventure worthy of the title, ''A Modern Cinderella." Its monthly Review of our sports rings with the vSkaters' flying feet, the Curlers' broom, the clang of Ice Hockey and the swift whirl of Ice Yachtsmen, whilst keeping track of the trotter, the Sports man at the Sliows and the Fisherman ])reparing for his spring excursions. Its arti.sts. imbued with the true spirit of the publication, are liajjpy and skillful exponents of ji. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark, That is, there will be 'fancy white," No. I, dark, etc. Money and Beeswax Market Report. Below we give the latest and most authentic report of the Honey and iieeswax market in dif- ferent trade centers: WASHINGTO.N URAIHNI-, RITl.ES. Fancy. — All sections to be well filled; combs .•*lraight. of even thickness, and firmly attached to all fo\ir sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-slain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. I.— All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. Omaha, Feb. 19.— The demand for honey is fair but steady ; light supply. Price ol comb 14^ (g) 15c per pound ; extracted, 8 @ 8J^c per pound. No supply. Peycke Bros. Chicago, Feb. 19.— The demand for honey is limited to actual want. The supply is equal to if not in excess of the demand. Price of white comb 15c per pound ; Dark loc per pound; White extracted 9c per pound; Dark extracted 6 @ 8c per pound. There is a good demand for beeswax at 2Sc per pound. Supply light. There is no demand for lots of honey but a little trade in a peddling way. Comb honey of the choice grades is selling at steady prices, and there is not too much of it. K. A. BUR.NBTT &. Co., 163 South Water .St. New York. Feb. 24,— The demand Is fairly good for comb honey; quiet on extracted. There is plenty of extracted honey on the market, but very little comb. Price of dark comb honey 9 @ lie; white u @ 15c per pound. Extracted, 6 @ 8V^c per pound Fair demand for beeswax. Moderate supply. Prices 27 @ 2Sc per pound. HiLDRETH & SEGELKEN. Kansas City, F'eb. 19.— There is a good de- mand for both comb and extracted honey. Fair supply of extracted. Price of comb 1272 @ 15c per pound. Extracted, 7 @ Sc per pound. Good de- mand for beeswax at 22 @ 25c per pound. There is very little fancy or No. i comb honej' on the market C. C. Clkm.mons & Co. XHP POVAI ^ Beneficiary Assooia- 1 11L-, rvvf I /AI-, tion. He grade of paj- TPMPI AD^ ments. Sclentifio and 1 L.lTir'L./AI^O. {^ftfe. Both sexes re- ceived in perfect equality. You get just what yo» pay for. and only pMy for what you get. Organ- ized 1870. Emergency fund mamtained. Expense of management low. Claims paid without expense to beneficiary. Send for information. General office. MASONIC BUILDING, Itf Buffalo. N. Y. Established 1873. Price $2 per year. [F'[L®i^a[e)A A@[^D©(y][LTiy)[sa§T. E. 0, Painter & Co,, Publishers. Oldest agricultural journal in the state. 16 four col- umn pages. Extensive experimental grounds and a host of practical writers. DeLand, Pla. Itf United States Bee-Keepers' Assoc'n Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. General Manager and Treasurer — Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, la. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 57 SPECIAL OFFER- We want every fruit, grower to get ac- quainted with the best horticultural paper in the country, and make this unequalled offer- For only $1 we will send to any part of the United States all charges pre- paid The Strawberry (Julturist, 1 year; b New' York, 25 Excelsior, 25 Johnsons Early, 25 Sample, 25 Nick Ohraer Straw- berry Plants— a fine collection. We guar- antee these plants true to name and reach you in first class condition. Send now, don't wait. The ItFiwlieFFi inllomt, SALISBURY, m. When You Set Hens You want the eggs to hatch, the chickens to grow and do well use plenty of Lam- bert's Death to Lice Pow- der on them. Put it in the nest, on the hen, and anywhere you want to; it injures nothing but ver- min. Trial size 10 cents, postpaid. A 64 page Poultry Book and "How to Set a Hen," mailed free. D. J. LAMBERT, Apponaug, R. T. 3-6t. Box 900. THE^IODERN FARMER AND BUSY BEE. Emerstm Taiilor Abbott, Editor. Tae Largest and Finest Stock of (drnioliins in Ameriiji. More Imported Car. Queens on hand than can be ••The rarnTolan ApTaries.'' l^Ol^Harewood Ave.. Washington. D. C- AiE^lfSii PET %mm mmmi 50 Ota. Free sample if you mention the Bee-Keeper American Pet Stock Journal, j.ff Montpelier, Ind. U. 8. A. Send for list of 100 standard volumes in Handfsome Library Binding. Every annual subscriber for the International Magazine, (Only $1 00) May have one of these tine books for 20c. to cover packing, postage, etc. Sample copies of the mag*zine 10c. eacn. A T H. Bruwer. Publisher, 1-tf " 358 Dearborn St., Chicago, lu. lmtlU.IV ^ a » i iil_3 I.MSt &STATE i;3-;^;i.;;5iS===== WRITE FOR CATALOOUE. ENCLOSE lOaS.TOHOP P*.N POSTAGE A LIVE UP-TO-DATE FARM JOURNAL With a General Farm Department, Dairy, Horticulture, Livestock. Poultry, Bees, Veterinary, Home and General News. Edited by one who has had practical experience in every department of farm work. To HUroduce the paper to new readers it will be sent for a short time.to new subscribers, one year for 2nc. Sample copies free. Best advertising medium in the < en- tral west. Adress Modern Farmer, bt Joseph.Mo. 3tf WrV7r? rD)/A\W5 cents each for collecting VTVVL^ Lr/M U names. Send 10 cents tor in- structions and receive free valuable collection of early vegetable and fl'wer seeds. -2- KEETHSBURO NURSERY, Keethsburg. III. 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE Trade Marks Designs • rf^^w - Copyrights &c. Anyone sending a e'^etch a- Y^II-'Ser^^^^ quickly ascertain f-''^ nnt?iitable Communica- rnvention IS P^^^^'^yPal Handbook on Patents tlons strictly confldenuai.n patents. Scientific Hmencan. Arandsomely illustrated weekly Lar^e^t -- ^,^lf?'\'^i;rV^oi';tirS^"io&°al-lnewsd.aler. ■"ESSi ?ffl» F St.. Washington. D. C. 5'^ THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. Mardi TCIE EMIOEyST. 1830-1900 Thk Evangklist for lilOO will be stronger aud more helpful than ever as a home paper of relig- ious thought and work. It has among its regular contributors: Rev. Henry M. Field, D.D.; Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst, D.I).: Rev. Theodore L. Ouyler, D.D.; Prof. Wni. Adams Krown; Rev. S. M. Hamilton. D.D.; Prof. John I'e Witt, D.D.;Rev. S. B.Ross- iter. I>.D.;Rev. Herrick Johnson. D.D.; Rev. T. S. Hamlin, D.l).; Rev. Philip S. Moxom D.D.; Rev. A. F. Schauffler. D.D.; Rev. R. S. Holmes, D.D.; Mr. Robert R. Spear: Dr. Newell Dwight HiHis; Mme. Zensiide Ragozin; Mrs. J. D. Burrell; Mrs. Susan Teall Perry; Mrs Julia Keese Oolles; Mrs. Cynthia Morgan St. John. Its Departments Cover the Wants of Every Member of the Family. Studies in Old Testauient Literature bj' the editor. A series of illustrated articles on Prt'sbyterian Manses. A series of spec- ial articles ou the Sunday School. A new serial by Mrs. Houehton. A series of articles on the New Biblical Criticism, by Prof. John De Witt, D.D., LL.D., Prince- ton. A series of articles on the New Bib- lical Criticism, by the Rev. .Joseph Hutch- eson. Rector of the Church of the Epipha- ny, New York City. The College Depart- ment— Rev. C. W. E. Chapin. Tiie Inter- national Sunday School Lessons, with maps, charts and illustrations. Christian Endeavor, by Rev. H. T. McEwen, D.L). Church Music Department. The Camera — Lucile Wand. Household Department —Ruth Weatherby. SUBSCRIBE AT ONCE aa we will isend The FIvangelist to APRIL 1. 1001, to all new subscribers for IDOO. You are los- ing an issue every week that you delay. Price $3 a year, 52 numbers; ministers, S2. 2-tf 156 Fifth Avenue, New York The Weekly Wisconsin, 6 months trial 25c. Every subscriber under this oflfer may receive, post paid. ■■ The Kvening Wisconcin HANDT DICTIONARY." a neat book of 248 pages, which, besides the dictionary of 200 pages, also contains the homestead iaws of nil the states, the postal laws, brief cooking recipes, and other use- ful information for the family. This book alone is worth the money. Address The Weekly Wis- consin, Milwaukee, Wis. 2-4t s u R E C U R E is making hundreds of sober and industrious men every month. It is not injurious, a purelr vegetable compound, aud is easily given for some other little ailment, thereby effecting the cure of the liquor habit disease without their knowl- edge of it being done. Hundreds are being cured in this manner that never could have been in- duced to take medicine. WE GUARANTEE OURE. Prices are reasonable. Trial size $1. Full treatment 85. Editor of American Farmer Magazine, Chicago, III.: "I know that it has cured many who have taken it." Address Surecure Remedy Company H Y M 178 E. Monroe St. Chicago, 111. Free! Don't Overlook It! Sample Copy of Agricultural and Live Stock Herald. The best authority oq Belgian Hares published. Also pertains to the agricultural and poultry interest of the west. Finely illustrated. 2-tf Address AGRICULTURE PUBLISHING CO. Denver, Colorado. MPIRE WASHER FREE To Energetic Agents.] Elfll IIIL- WVHOIIL.IB I f 1 |_r E'^o'^Mous profitsi ■ III ■■■In ■Wll^#Elhill I llkk with little work. l-KKKKCT S.ATI^KAC'l'KiN ( ; f A K A NTKK ! ». «500 to any one who will invpiit a !«iniilnr \V.4iSIII \«» M \(;I1IK K that will operate easier or do iK'ttcr work. The Hrlf<- is l...w. Write for circulars, price and terms to ..S';;,.1CT'THE EMPIRE WASHER CO,, J«iESTiiw.,N.y. THORNTON: A Thrilling Story of Kentucky. By JOHN AUG. WILLIAHS, Ex-Pres. Daughters College, Ky Every mother should read this book. All the strong and lovable traits of character that all mothers admire in a son are forcibly brought out in the noble manhood of Thornton, the hero of this story. Every son should read it. It will make him braver in defending trutli and right. Every daughter should read it. It will cause her to admire more tlie nobility of character that young men should possess. 318 pages. Price, paper cover, 25c. 3.2t Address F. L. ROWE, Pub. 422 Elm St., Cincinnati, Ohio. I'.KIO THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 58a The Leading AGRICULTURAL JOUR- NAL of the South. No Farmer, Fruit Grower, Stockraiser, Poultryman, Dairyman, or even Housewife can afford to be without this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on application. Advertising rates reasonable. HELLO! Do you want some good POULTRY ? We have some fine White Wonders, R. C. B, Leghorn-, B. P. Rocks, Partridge Cochins. Black Golden and S. S. Wyandottes and fine Toulouse Geese If you want some of them send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, The Eureka Poultry Farm. Hamburg, Wis. Bstablished over 18 years. 1-tf A small Poultry Farm 1« Better than a Gold Mine if you know how to run tbebasinesi. There's $ Millions $ in it, ut Diue out often fail in it because they o Dfit know the secret of Success with ^ui^ The Money in Hens. 1)0 you kiiiiw how to frnt it? Our New Poultry Book will tell you how. It tt-lls you all about poultry and explains why some (a few) succeeil and otliers (the many) fail. Tliis lnvalual)le Book given Free as pif- BQinm with our Farm and Poultry paper WAYSIIJE t;l.EANI>«(*. 3 months for 10 cents. Address 1' H. WAY8I1»C PUBLISULNU CO., C'llntoiivllle Conn. The Fanciers' Review, Chatham, N. Y. 50 cents a j'ear or, including one Poultr}' Book named below, 60 cents. 500 Questions and Answers on Poultry keeping. .25 Low Cost Poultry Houses ( I'lans) 25 Art of Poultry Breeding 25 The Hen Business (A. toZ,) Mrs. May Taylor.. .25 Uncle Rastus on Poultry, J.H.Davis 25 300 Pigeon Queries and answers 25 BREEDERS' CARDS. 81.00 for 40 words four months or 50 words three months. An advertiser writes that he sold "22 birds to one man and re- ceived an order for 100 eggs from a card in the Review." PRINTING FOR POULTRYMEN a specialty. Samples Free. 12-4t EGGS m WINTER Arc easily obtainc I uniU'r riclit cmi'litions and prupir attention. Subserihe for our pnullry papier an.l learn how. 25 cts. a year. Sample copy free. THE POULTRY ITEM, Bo.\ 190, Fbicks, Pa. SPENCERIAN PENS WRITE WELL ONCE TRIED WEAR LONG ALWAYS USED Samples sent on receipt c I return postage — 2 ceiil-,. 2tf NEVER NEGLECT A COLD OR COUGH Neglect a Cold or Coui^h and if La (Jrippe don't net you. Consumption will CUSHMAN'S INHALKR cures colds and all diseases of the breath- ( way passages. You losedollais In doc- tor bills In not keeping CXT SUM AX'S IXIIAL.ER handy to drive off a cold or couKh or aore throat at Its very first approach. If you can't itei It at Drugislsts spnd for It. " By mail, 50 cents. Send for Konk on Dlenthol, free. Cl'SHMAX DKUOCO., VIMENNliS, IND., U. S. A. 2_tf The advocate of luter-denorainational Comity and the sympathies of Universal Religion. The Organ of the Liberal Congress of Rh- iJGioN. Published weekly, S2.00 per annum. Send for sample copies. Addess (U)MflTV P(y)[g[LagK]a[K]© ©@» 2tf 3939 Langley Avenue, Chicago JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY, Their Agreements and Disagreements By Rabbi Isaac M.Wise, President Hebrew Union College; Rabbi Congre- gation Children of Yeshurun ; Editor of the American Israelite. A complete couip.arative study of the two relig- ion!; from a liberal standpoint, and addressed to layman. Price one dollar, postage paid. 2S Leo Wise & Co., Publishers, Cincinnati, 0. WWm AND WEST. Presbyterian family newspaper, all departments. Moderator, Sample, Drs. Cuyler, Burrell, Chapman, Burrows, Gregg, and Donaldson, some of the writers for 1900. A 33 page quarto atlas, giving maps of missionary countries and New Possessions, given with a year's advance subscription at $3.00. 3-3 MINNEAPOLIS, HINN. o8b THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. March A monthly journal devoied to agricul- tural interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural paper in the West, It circu- lates in Mistiouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, Prop., 1123 N. St., Lincoln, Neb. 1 tf THE MYSTIC WORKERS OF THE WORLD. Best and Cheapest Fraternal Insurance Order in the Country. Address, EDMUND JACKSON, 1-5 Supreme Secretary, Fulton, 111. VP'WM/I A sample copy of the I ■■ T ll \ Texas Stockman and I k#\llV Farmer, published at San Antonio, 1 exas, will be mailed free to any address. It will tell yon all about Texas. 1-13 Tlie SoDthern fpoit and Reaches a majority of the best shippers in the South. No other publication reaches half as many shippers. An advertisement brings good results. Vvy one. J. E. SMITH, Publisher, 1-tf Monticello, Fla. THE ONLY°-»'"'CLASS Published in the State. The (AND UP-TO DATE FARMER,) Published Monthly. 20 Pages. Subscription SOc. Kstabli.shed 1897. Circuliition .MKiO. Devoted evcliisively to Ociimery and J):iiry in- terests and diversififid farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. ISRAEL, 1-tf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. (Dm© If you are not a subscriber to the Poultry Industry, send 10 cents, silver, and get this vig- orous up to date poultry jour- nal one whole year. Every copy is worth the year's subscription price. The Poultry Industry [m'^i pages. Price. -50 cents. help young Ttiothers. Frances Sheldon Rolton'a New Book on the care of Baby from Birth. 150' Written by a mother to Or, $1.00 per year, including the above book "Baby" free. Send postal for sample copy of Journal, Itf Address, Mother's Journal, New Haven,Ct. All About the West. Western Lands. Western farm.", methods, etflk SendlOcts. for 3 months trial subscription t^ Itf The Rural Home, Lawrence, Kan. flieMK REPflilTER Organ of the Fluid Milk Trade, of the United States. Scientifi';, Special and General Features of the trade. Everyone eng;iged in the milk, creamery or producing tradi> should see every issue. Only $1 per year. A postnl brings a sample copy Do not fail to see it. Address The Milk Reporter Uf Deckerstown, N. J. ^«i«l»M»I«I»I«l>I>I.I«l»I>I»l»I»l»I*l»les Moiiict^, Iowa. h..s .ilreatly re.n h d a un-mbert^hii' of 15,000, with :iii aeciiinuhitc'i t>- si rve, lua' ed on real estate uioi tgages. to the amount ot Sii.UOO. It pa.'t s »ccideni and old age Uisibility. and had but 7 asses meiits in 1S99. (iood organizers wanted. Writ' to 2tf (i. M. Rf:AD, Chief Correspundent, Des Moines, Iowa. WATCHES, HARNESS, INCUBATORS, kQ. riven as iiremiuiiw for subscribers. For sample co|iy and par- ticulars, address THE POULTRY ITEM, Box 200, Fbicks, Pa. (O^Agents wanted. For paptTS, maps, facts, and figuri'S. 1 se,nd to A. .leffers. [ Norfolk, Va. 2-12 SEND FOR.,, , SAMPLE! Of the Tippecanoe Farmer published semi=nionthly. Qpr PERYEAR The best Farm paper for the money ever publushcd. THE TIPPECANOE FARMER CO. La Fayette. Ind. 2 tf BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long experience, should have at least one good text book upoQ the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee keeiiiiig In ordering by mail he sure to add the amount of postage named. Post. Price. Ex. A B C of Bee Culture (A. I. Root), cloth, $1 00 20c Bee Keepers' Guide (Prof. A. J. Cook) 100 15c Langstroth on Honey Bee, rev. (Dadantj. .1 10 15c Quinby's New Bee-Keeplng (Quinby) 1 40 lOo Thirty Years Among Bees (Alley) 48 2c How to Manage Bees (Vandruff) 25 ,tc Amateur Bee Keeper (Rouse) 20 5c THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO. Jamestown. N. Y. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER. 59 THE FARMER'S INSTITUTE, t'libli-hed :s an i receive a copy of the beautiful Christmiis Number. 12-4t The Fanciers' Review and Fruit Grower, A 16-page Monthly devoted to poultry-culture and fruitgrowing. No more practical paper (lub- lished. Kach issue worth a year's subscripiion which is only .")0 Cf nts a year. Three issues for ex- amination in i-ents. BREEDERS' CARDS! One Dollar gets a 40 word card for four (4) months (not three) in The Revikw. E. C. POWELL, Publisher, i2-4t Chatham, N. Y. The National Fruit Grower. Keeiis you posted on Fruit Topics, Prices. Cri'P t'onditions. Horticulture. Largest Hor- ticultural Publication west of New York. Issued Monthly, 50 cents per year. Samples free. 12-4t National ruit Grower, St. Joseph, flich. EVERYBODY WANTS SOUTHERN m\mm You get tlie best thought on this subject and its kindred branches in the TRI-STATE EARMER dnd GARDENER Send 10 cents for a trial six months subscription. You will never regret it. TRl-STATE FARMER AND 1-tf GARDENER, Chattanooga, Tenn. THK* DfTP A I I^T Every straw- I ME/ KUItiflLIS I . berry grower will be interested in our reports of extensive variety tests. Every Hee-keei'er will be interested in the Ree and Honey Department, edited by J 0. Grimsley. Every Gardener will be interested and instruct- ed by the writing of a remarkably successful gar dener, Henry v->nyder. Kv ryone who thinks of moving south wants a truthful description of Maryland and you can get this here from disinterested writers. Send ten cents for a year's t' ial subscription and you won't want to do without it. Address, THE RURALIST, Gluckheim, Dorchester «Jo., Maryland. me Live Stock Journiil WE GIVE 'EM AWAY ! To learn the science of Breeding, Feeding and Mau'gement, National circulation, -pecial de- partments for Draft and Ooach horses, (battle, H.)gs. Sheep. Poultry and Dairy. No stock farm- er can afford to do without it. Subscription, $1.00 a year. Write for free sample copy. Liberal cash com- mission t'l agents. THE LIVE .STOCK JOURNAL, i2-3t 152 50th Street, Chicago, 111. THE NEW YEAR'S NUMBER OF THE SOUTHERN FANCIER, the oldest and best conducted Poultry Journal in the South, will contain not less than 50 pages, filled with valuable articles from the foremost poultry writers of the country, and numerous up- to-date illustrations. It will far surpass any poultry publication ever issued in the South. SEND OR ADVERTISING RATE5. Subscription .^Oc a year. Sample copy free. SOUTHERN FANCIER, Atlanta, Ga. To every new subscriber to the Nkw England Fancikr, "(Oc a year will give a year's subscrip- tion to any one of the following pajiers: The American Bee-Keeper, Poultry Monthly, Reliable Poultry Journal, Poultry Keeper, Southern Poultrv Journal, Oho Poultry Journal. A Few Hen.'^. JFanciers' Review, Fancy Fowls or any other 50c paper in the United States. Sample copy free. Address NEW ENGLAND ANCIER, Yarmouthport, Hass. C7a.fiT D/ioHfif "f the American Bee- tVery Keaaer Keeperlsentltl-dtoa Free Sample Copy of the PRACTICAL POUL- TRYMAN if he will send name and addres> on a po-^tal. This is to get you interes-ted in one of the best Poultry Journals published, with the expecta- tion that you will send .50c for a year's subscription if you find the paper just what we say it is— a live, hu-tling, practical, reliable.semi-monthly journal. You need the paper; we want your support. Try it. Addres.s, PRACTICAL POULTRYMAN, Whitney's Point, N. Y. in the National Farm Jour- nal, if you want to reach the people. 30 Words 25 Cts. Over 30 words '% cent per word each insertion. National Farm Journal, Shawneetown, II L l"*^ Advertise Send 25 (ts. ing farm and accepted, To the Mo. Valley Farmer, Kansas City Mo., and receive for six months the lead- cock weekly of the West. Stamr i 1-tf I GO THE AMERICAN DEE-KEEPER. Mlieii, imliiiliiit: tiinsc '-of lurjrer giijwth" — all "whose hearts nieiwmiig." It is issueii mfiiithly; each iiuiiilier tdiitaiiis 'sixlei n larf;e pat;es, printed on fine pHperand I eiuitifuUy ilhistrateil. There are clever stories of animal life; of sa^'acity anil faith- falness little less than liiiinaii, displayed by diunli cieatures. Instrnctive aitichs tell of quaint and rare anImalH. Valuable hints alionl the care and kecpin^rof pets appear each month. Pkis and Animals is like no •ther (lublicatiou. Its columns comhine uniq\ie liter- ary features, pood and wholesome tiction. scientific and instructive articles, int'r. stiiiiriiln-idotes pract'Calsng- ge<so- lutely free two animal (lictures, shown here in ininia- mre. These are reproductions of the famous paintings, " Spoiling tlieGame," and "A Disgrace to tin I'amily." Ench picture is 10x18 inches in size, and reproduces all the colors of the original painting. Book stores .sell such pictures for from 50 cents to $1.00 each. Remem- ber. Pet.s and Animals one year for only fifty cents, with both these pictures— 10x18 inches, in colors — abso- lately free. This olfcr is goorl for thirty days only. Get tWr'o of your friends tosnbsirilie.send us their namesand 91.00. and you will receive our journal one year and the pictures without cost. A 1-12 Bingham has made all the improvements in Bee-Smokers ^Koneij Knives made in the last 20 years, undoubtedly he makes tht best on earth. Smoke En- gine, 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail, $l.oO; 3^ in., $1.10; 3-in., $1.00: 2i in., 90c; 2 in., 70c; Little Wonder, 2-in.,"G5c: Knife, SOc. T. F. BIKGHAM, Farwe 5END FOR SAMPLE Of "The Tippecanoe Farmer," publislied semi-monllil.v, only I'EK YEAK. The best Farm Pnper for the Money publishei. Address The Tippecanoe Farmer Co., LAFAYETTE, LXD. Patent Wired Comb Foundation Has no Sag in Brood Frames. Thin Flat Bottom Foundation Has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey Being the cleiiuest is usually worked the Quickest of any Foundation uiiide. The talk iibout wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish a Wired Found- ation t'liit is better, cheapo and nor half the trouble to use that it is t" wire brood frames. Circulars and samples free. J. VAN DEUSEN &. SONS, 8ole .Manufacturers, Montgomery County. SpKOiix Brook. N. Y. P/ea»e mention American Bee Keeper. IFRUTT' A Ndtiondl Authority on Horticulture. SS:?- 12 3 BELT PUB. CO., Dunkirk, N. Y. k iEE Jf i/ou want to hear of the very best bee and fruit country in the world send •.in rents for a ijeurs subscription to the MISSOVUl d' AR- KANSAS FARMER d- FRUnWfAN. Address: U. do (Pl^OlFOTIT^ [pyio The Farmer's and Planter's Guide, Haltiiiioro, Md.. is the only AKricultural Piiper witli a "'(lood Koads" department. This feature alone is worth the jtrice URE CURE RE.viEDY COMPANY. Chicago, III. BIG 30=PAGE POULTRY JOURNAL, ONK YEAR, 2Sc and the back numbers for one year, bound in one neat volume, free with subscription. We sell leg bands for poultry, and lice- killers. Also do ail kinds of printing. Write your wants. Western Poultry Farm, Harshall, Ho. ritf VIRGINIA HOMES. \ *Yo\x lenrn all about Virginia lands, soil, water, climate, resources, iroducts, fruit, mode of cultivalion. price, etc , by rending the Virginia Knrmt-r. Send 10c. for three mimths' subscription io FARMER CO., Emporia. Va. ;i-tf I'ublished monttily. DcVuted to sheep hus- banilry in gtnerni and Dorset sheep in piir- tiiular. irculates in 27 states and Canadn. A splendid advertising medium. Subscrip- tion fiity cents per year. Address M. A. COOPER, Pub., Washington, Fa. 12tf 9 A Monthly Journul of 64 pages, devo ed to Fit Games. Send for m free sample copy. Editor and i ublisher, DERBY. IND. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a TO page book, by Prof. .). W. Iloube ; written especially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York sf.ys : "It is the finest little book published at the present time." Price 24 cents; by mail, 28c. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live, progressive, 28-page monthly journal) one year for G5c. Ap- ply to any first-class dealer or address LEAHY MFG. 00., Higginsville, Mo Incubator Free on trial. The NEW C. YON CULIN INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventihitiou, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every hatchable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y. Another Big Offer! As I have explaint'd in previous advertise- ments, the publi-sher of a good journal can afford to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his journal into new hands. I have in the past made several such offers, but here is one that I consider especially liber- al. If you are not a subscriber to the Bee-keepers' Review, send me $1.30 and 1 will have your subscription to TiiK American Bke-keei'eu renewed for ore year, send you 12 back numbers of THE UEVIEW. and then THE KEVIEWfor all of 1900. Uemember two things : You must be a NEW subscriber to THE RE- VIEW, and the order must be sent to W, Z, HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. BISCAYNE BAY. Issued montlily. Tcrins. (ifly cents a year. .\ddress, S. H. Uinoro.M). editor, Cutler, Dade <'ounty, Florida. Write for sample copy. 12tf Over 1,200,000 '^^:^^ ^!,.' ^^^^ WD l-'.MtM' were mailed fron) the Reed City. Mich., postiillice last year, or more than 100,000 copies each issue. Subscription 30 cents i)er year. Advertising, 40 cents i)er a^ale tine. Success with the (Jarden and Farm. Kced City. Mich. njf If, BINGHAM -■-"'-J lias made all the im- ' provements in h Bee Smokers and ^ Honey Knives made in the last 30 years, undonbtedly ho makes the best on earth. Smoke Engine. 4 iuch stove, cone too large, sent postpaid, per mail $1.50 3^ inch 1.10 Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.00 2^ inch 90 T.F.Bingham, ?!°";^;v v-,-.- I? _ ., ._. . Little Wonder, 2 m. .b.'> Farwell, Mich. Ohio Poultry Joarnal, Dayton, Ohio. A live, progressive, up-to-date Magazine. It teaches how to make jioultry pay. It teaches how to breed prize winners. 50c. a Year. Sample Copies 5c. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best AgiicuUural News. *:i 00 a year. Address, CO.SNECTICUT FARMER, Hartford, Conn. S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railway, Perrine Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. ^'^*-i ANY ONE CAN Be Our Agent and Make Money Little trouble, no work, and good remuneration. Send us ten two- cent stamps to pay postage and we will send vou The Woman's Magazine a whole jear FREE. Our only condition being that you send us the names and addresses of ten of your lady friends who might become an agent or sub- scriber to Che best woman's magazine published. We will mail you our "Easy Agent's Outfit." $10.00 per ciay a small average 100,000 paid circu- lation now. i he Woman's Magazine contains each month two serials- two short stories— " Other Women," an interesting page written by one of the brightest writers in the land. Departments treating on all home matters, including "Personal Talks with Girls " , Woman's Magazine, 112 Tearborn St.,CMcaga When you Set Hens if you want the eggs to hatch, the chickens to grow and do well, use plenty of Lain- bert's Death to Lice Powder on them. Put it in the nest, on the lien, and any- where you want to; it injures nothing but Termin. Trial size 10 cents, postpaid. A t>4 page Poultry Book and ",^How to Set a Flen," mailed free. D. J. LAMBERT, Apponaug, R. T. 3-6t Box 900. To Repair Broken Arti- cles use Remember MAJOR'S RUBBER CEMENT, MAJOR'S LEATHER CEMENT iiZS Warranted Higli Grade 4. ■ &^ We Dare to Describe All Our Sewing Machines, ■ I^K a thing that dealers in clieap rattle-traps dare not do. We I B B ■ sell you a high-grado macliine at le^^s than half factory ' B ^M list, calculating that eacli machine put into a home will ■ '^•^ sell many others for us without great expeuse. This ma- chine—Corolla No. 4- is constructed of the best material in use, every bearing being of steel or case-hardened. Tiie woodwork is of best quality, either Light Antique or Gold- en Oak finish. The motion is easy and light. It does not vibrate. It is a lock-stitch shuttle. The operation of the feed meclianism is positive, giving an accurate 4-motion movement to the feed without the use of springs. It lias a self-lubricating needle-bar, which isalways kept clean, well oiled, and the oil cannot drop on tiie work. The needle is absolutely self-setting. There is but one hole to thread through—the needle's eye. It is thorouglily inspected and tested before leaving the factory, and is strongly crated, each being accompanied by the factory warranty for 10 years. Acce'^sories and Attachments complete free. TERMS: $4.00 cash with or- der; balance C O. D At our remarkaljly clo'^e price tliis ma- chine (usually sold at .1^25 tn$35) will sell itself at sight. Your friends need but to see it tf> buy it. Customers may retain$1.00 from every cash order they send us (remitting .$15.75 net). F.E. ENCELL & CO., 330 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. In answer to numerous requests the above machine will be shippeil to readers of this paper abso- lutely free for examination and approval. We pay all freight charges. Lpon examination if found perfectly satisfactory pay the freight agent the price as advertised, nO morC. Why Honey in Danz. Sections always finds a good Market. READ THE FOLLOWING: There is one case of the Elsie, Mich., lot that we opened this morning, that has 15 s-^ctions. The case was marked "Plain sections, about 12tt) net." This was a very fine case of honey, and brought a good price. We thought we had more of it and showed it to some of our trade, and the re- sult was we took orders from every man who saw it, for two or three cases. Do you know where we can get some more of this? We would like to get a lot of this kind; can use anywhere from 100 to 1000 cases. Columbus, O. The Columbus Commission & Storage Co. With regard to those fences bought of you last year for 100 hives, it is one of the best improvements since I began the bee business, fifty years ago. Last year I had the best comb honey I ever raised. I think bees will commence on sections quicker, work the outsides of the crate just as well as in the middle, and best of all, bees do not travel-stain the combs. Make me enough for 50 hives more, about 400. Rupert, Vt. C. M. Lincoln. Send at once for new editions of Facts About Bees, which tells all about the Danz. Hive and its advantages. The A. I. ROOT CO , Medina, OMO Special Offer We want every fruit grower to get acquainted with the best horticultural paper in the country, and make this unequalled offer: For only $1. we will send to any part of the United States, all charges prei.aid. The Strawberry Cultur- Ist, 1 year; 6 NewYork, 25 Excelsior, 25 Johnson's Early, 25 Sample, 25 Nick Ohmer STRAWBERRY PLANTS — a fine collection. We guarantee tliese plants true to name and reach yoii in first- class condition. Send now, don't wait. The Strawberry Cultmlst, Box A. Salisbury, Md. There are larger bee papers than ours. Diamonds and coal are tlie same, chemically. SEND FOR SAMPLE of " The Tippecanoe Farmer," published semi-monthly, only 25^' p*"!' y^a^'- The best farm paper for the mdiioy puhlislu'd. Address The Tippecanoe Farmer Co., Lafayette, Ind. The Weekly Wisconsin, Six Months' Trial 25c. Every subsoribcr under tliis cilTer may receive, post-paid, ■' 'I'he Kvening Wisconsin HANDY ULCTIONAKY," a neat book of 'itH pages, which, besides the dictionary of '2U0 pages, also contains tlie homestead laws of all the states, the postal laws, brief cooking recipes, and other useful infor- mation for the fcimily. This book alone is worth the money. .Address: The Weekly Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wis. 2-4t Advertising Rulers, Yardsticks, Thermometers. The American Manufacturing Concern, Jamestown. N.Y. Vol. X APRIL, 1900 No. 4 NON-SWARMING EXPERIMENTS. Reply to Mr. Doolittle's Request for Information. BY •SWAKTHMOUE.'" THAT master boe-keeper, Doolittle, having done mo the honor to review my notes in a recent issue of The Bee-keeper, I now venture a reply with fear and tremblinj^': Mr. Doolittle asks why I do nut •'turn the old queen back onto the eight or nine combs again, by quietly removing the zinc, instead of removing the frame and introducing a young queen or a ripe cell," in the method spoken of to pre- vent swarming? I remove the old queen for the reason that should she be allowed to run at large again on the combs of that hive the bees would soon prepare to swarm: when, if a young queen or a cell is in- troduced instead, there will be little danger of a swarm from that colony at all that year. Then besides, bees are apt to work harder with a fresh young queen present — witli nu;, they are es- pecially active soon after the makings of a new queen are given them. Then again, the honey caught in the frames is sooner boosted up into the boxes when a young queen needs room for her eggs. I have never destroyed a good queen, even if past two years of age, for the reason that I consider it a bit of extrav- agance to do so and an act of heartless- n' ss to end the life of any passable cueen. But, on the other hand. I would pinch her in a jiffy if she should happen to show the slightest symptoms of failing. In a colony of moderate strength a two-year-old can do no harm providing she c;jntinues a prolific layer and does not produce too many drones, therefore I keep my older queens in colonies of moderate strength and draw on them often for brood and bees to augment the strength of my actuai working colonies. I never disturb the internal arrange- ments of my working colonies (having young queens) so long as external ap- pearances are satisfactory to me. It is certainly folly to go to all the trouble and expense of equipping colonies of only moderate strringth with honey bees; the bees will seldom occupy them with a will. It is far b,'tter to work half the number of hives in double strength than double the number in half string,! h. By the first-named plan the labor is lessened and the honey is in- creased, both in quantity and quality of finish — half-filled boxes reduced to a more pleasing small number. If by any plan the apiarist can take from two good sized colonies the entire working force of each and throw tiie bees together directly into one set of honey boxes, just at the opening of the flow, the result will be amazing! The U. D. system provides for Mic 62 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April above condition; it also provides for re-quoenlng tlic colonies each year. I do not wish Mr. Doolittle to under- stand that the U. D. system can be inaujfiirated in "one day." The point is, after these methods are once in working order, one day's time will suifice to prepare a yard of one hundred colon- ies for box honey gathering — san^, the anxiety caused by constant fear of swarming and its disastrous results. I did not agree to give a detailed ex- pose of this method until after I had tested it another season ; but, if I find I can safely do so sooner, shall certainly write it all ont for The Bee-keeper. It would aid me in arriving at certain conclusions if bee-keepers at large would do me the favor to follow the few directions given below and report re- sults as soon as possible : Tier two colonies, placing between the hives a honey board (at least one- half inch thick) provided with bee- spaces on both sides of the board ; have the side cleats nailed fast and the end cleats removable and interchangeable. Cut four one-inch auger holes through this board (one in each corner) and cov- er said holes with wire cloth on both sides. (These holes are to equalize the heat and to similize the scent of the two colonies.) Allow the bees in the lower colony to _ fly from the regular hive entrance, be- low, as usual ; remove the -upper cleat in the honey-board, at the rear, to pro- vide an (entrance to the upper hive. Re- sult: The lower colony will use ther(>gular bottom board entrance and the upper col- ony will appropriate the entrance provid- ed at the opposite end, by the removal of the u])i)cr cleat of the honey-board. A few days previous to swarming, or as soon as hanging-out and loaling is evident— or 10 to 15 days previous to the white lioney flow— con line the queen in the upper ijive on a single comb at one side of the hive, behind perforated uietal. until the brood in the remaininj; eight or nine combs has passed the roy- al age. At the end of 10 to 12 days re- move comb and queen to a nucleus hive, filling the space left with an empty comb or a sheet of foundation; push a queen cell down between the frames, put on the honey boxes and close the hive tight and warm. On the afternoon following this operation remove the up- per cleat in the front end of the honey- board and close the entrance to the hive below with a triangular bee escape, whose apex comes well up to the entrance just provided directly above, and thus compel the gathering force of the lower colony to enter the upper hive, aug- menting the force of field workers there. The lower colony will be drained of fly- ing bees to the advantage of the upper colony now equipped with boxes having full sheets of foundation. In three days remove the triangular escape and plug the bottom entrance entirely; cut a small hole through one side cleat of the honey-board into the lower hive ; this entrance the young bees in that com- partment will soon appropriate. If the honey flow continues, at the end of 10 days plug this last entrance with an escape cone and open another the same size just above, into the upper hive, to further augment the working force of the upper colony, which by this time should have a young laying queen on the combs. Watch the honey boxes and provide plenty of super room. Swarthmnre. Pa. A CRIPPLED QUEEN. Her Method of Depositing Eggs and the Conclusions of the Observer. ItV CHAS. H. PKTEHSON. I WISH to take a little space in your valuable paper to tell of a little ex- peri(!nce 1 had last spring in seeing a queen bee deposit eggs in the cells ; and to my mind the experience proved that the queen lays drone or worker eggs 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 63 at will and that she can fertilize the worker eggs without backing into the cell as some claim she must. In May, 1899, as I was looking for queens in my apiary, I came to a colony and, upon taking out the brood comb, I discovered that the eggs were deposited in a peculiar shape. Some were cling- ing to the side of the cell while others were in their proper place, at the bot- tom. Upon seeing the position of the eggs I became anxious to see the queen. On linding her I noticed that she had been in a battle royal at some previous time and had lost most of her legs on the right side. She laid five or sij^ eggs while I was holding the frame, and in no case did she back into the cell to lay, but crawled directly over it and dropped the egg into the cell, and hence the pos- ition of the eggs. At this time there was no drone brood in the hive; all apparently worker brood. I also saw some of her brood that had just hatched, and they were as perfect as any young workers I ever saw. The queen being a cripple, it was impossible for her to back into the cells as other queens do, but had to deposit her eggs as stated above. The point I wish to make is this : That the size of the cell makes no differ- ence as to the queen laying drone or worker eggs, and that she fertilizes the eggs at her will. Crary Mills. N.Y. I PROLIFICACY. . Is it an Inherent Quality, or Determined by the Influence of the Workers Upon the Queen? BY W. H. I'RIDGEN. DOES a queen use her own sweet pleasure in the matter of laying, as seems to be the prevailing idea, or does she simply respond to the wish of the workers in depositing the kind and quantity of eggs, when and where wanted? The workers control in all things, and the queen fills the position of an indis- pensable and highly respected servant rather than that of a supreme ruler. Exchange places with Italian and German queens early in the spring — the Germans being naturally earlier breed- ers— and note the results. The black bees will proceed with brood rearing as though nothing had happened, while the Italians will pursue the even tenor of their ways. Italian queens mated to black drones have the propensity for early breeding transmitted to their off- spring only, their prolificness not being affected by the mating ; but still such bees are famous for their early and rapid breeding, and almost invai'iably come out ahead of their thoroughbi'ed cousins in this respect. Surely the difference must be due to the desires of the work- ers, and not the will of the queens. The same holds good in swapping queens of the same race or strain all purely mated where the difference is due to varying numerical strength or amount c f stores present ; there being no perceptible difference in the progress of either colony caused by the change. Thus far we are only considering good queens and energetic bees with varying characteristics and conditions, some of which will be in the lead one season and others another; those reap-'T ing the harvest that are in the right, conditions as to both brood and bees at the beginning of the flow, which also varies in different seasons. Of course there are worthless queens and bees, and industrious bees cannot change an unprolific queen to a good one and neither can a good queen cause a marked difference in the building up or progress of an inferior colony until her bees predominate. Whether the fault is in the queen herself or her offspring, or both, the final results are the same and she should not be tolerated ; but usually the diffi- culty is in deciding these things before 64 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April a qiioen is well advaneod in age, and es- pocially if with other than her own bees. In early spring is the b(\st time to carefully note the general conditions of different colonics as to strength and stores and watch their progress as the season advances, liaving the queens all the while with their own bees. Permanent improvements come slow- ly, being the results of persistent efforts and the ability to make wise selections, wiiich each bee-keeper should be able to do, as well as being sufficiently skilled in queen rearing to perpetuate the de- sirable (jualities of faitbful old mothers ready to pass off the stage of action. Creek, N. C, March 1, 1900. THE MARCH BEE-KEEPER. Emphasizing the Good Things in the Last Number. BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. THE March number of The Amkhi- CAN Uee-keei'ku has just reached me, and as usual, it has its fac(> washed, hair combed, and looks as bright and happy as it is possible for a bee paper to look. If a bright, cheerful look has anything to do with securing and keeping subscribers, I prophesy an increase in the subscription list for our •Empire State" bee paper. And it lias seemed to me. tiiat of late, all of the American bee pajjers have had a smiling appearanc(\ vvitii clean faces and a l)rifihter appearance than was thit in days of yore. And I know this state of Tilings will continut? .so long as reader, writt'r and publisher work together, as they should, for the ^M»od of the wIkMc fraternity. May it always be so! A ZINC ENTR.\NCE niARI) TO PKOTECT FROM ROHUKKS. On page 43 ]\1. F. K(>eve tells us how robber bees found the (jueen]«'ss half of Ills divided colony and went to "raiding it in clouds." Tliis proves to him tlic "soundness of the theory that a queen- less colony is liable to become the prey of robbers." While there is plenty of proof that queenless colonies are sought out by robbers, and all should under- stand that where any colony is known to be queenless. all precaution should be taken against their being robbed, yet had Mr. Reeve left the queenless part of the division wliich he made, on the old stand, he would not have had the experience which he did. As he manip- ulated the queenless half, he placed them in just the condition to attract robber bees, by first placing the hive top of the old one till they had "made a couple of attempts at swarming," thus drawing oflf the most of the bees over sixteen days old back into the old col- ony, when he closed the entrance with wire cloth and moved this queenless and "defenseless" part of his colony fifty feet away. This threw the colony en- tirely out of a normal condition and plac<'d it in just the condition to invite robbers the first day. and had he been watching during that first day he would have found plenty of robbing going on. if I am not greatly mistaken, without a single robber bee entering the hive. How was this done '? The inside bees, by the commotion resulting from their abnormal condition, were caused to take hone}' till their honey sacs were lilhul, when, liuding themselves pris- oners, they were ready to give of this honey to any bee which would take it. while the scent issuing from tliese con- lincni bees drew outsiders to the place where they could secure honey from the prisoners. .\nd this accounts for the cl()\i('s of raiding bees which were on liaiid the next morning after tin' wire cloth was removed. I'nder very similar conditions I liave bad all tiie honey car- ried from a hive without a single robber bee entering it at all. I have given this so tliat the many rc^aders of The Amer- ican Bee-keeim'.k may not be caught by being led into dividing colonies the wav 190U THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 65 Mr. Reeve did, nor by starting robbing tlirough wire cloth, as can generally be done by managing as he did. But th(; (jood thing that I wish to bring out of Bro. Reeves" article was that "zinc en- trance guard" whicli caused those de- moralized bees to maUe a "bold defense behind it,"" thus driving "the interlop- ers away." Robber bees do not like to squeeze through any hole when there are defenders behind such hole or holes ready to seize them while they are squeezing through, or immediately after tliey are tlirough and while squeezing out again. And for this reason a piece of perforated zinc placed at the front of an "awning" of wood which juts out from one to two inches from the hive in front of the entrance, is an admirable thing to use for the prevention of robbing or to suppress robbing after it has start- ed. As soon as it is placed in front of the entrance, the robbers will all be seen trying to get in where the awning comes up against the hive, rather than out where the perforated metal is; while the loaded robber bees which are in, and the hive bees, go out from the per- forated metal, and the hive bees go in there. That one thing brought out by Mr. Reeve is worth more than the price of this paper one year to any bee-keeper who has not used it before, and for this reason I have used a large share of the space allotted me, in making it, and the robbing in confinement matter plain: or rather in trying to make it plain. "rendering beeswax. ' That article by F. Greiner, found on pages 47-48, regarding rendering beeswax is well worth a careful perusal, for in it are some exceedinglv good things, not the least of which is that in caking wax new bright tin should be used, if you wish wax of nice color and appearance. Then his oil-can, faucet arrangement is fine, for by thus being able to draw off the melted wax. after it has stood in a molten condition for one or two hours, so that no sediment or scum shall ap- pear with the wax, an article can be ob- tained which will give joy to the one producing it. But to my mind the press part njatter can be improved upon, where wax is to be gotten out in a wholesale way by the hot water process. Take a caldron or any other kettle that will hold fiv<^ or more pails, and fill half full of water, placing the same over the fire. While the water is getting hot put your combs and wax into the "strong bag." used by Messrs. Beckwith & Grin- der, or as much of it as you can get in, tying tlie mouth. Now put it in the kettle of water, and with a hoe work the contents of the bag till all is melted and much of the wax worked out. If all of the old comb was not got in at first, draw the mouth of bag to top of water and side of kettle, untie and put in again, and so on till all is in, working with the hoe each time. Now bring bag to top again and tie as close as possible to residue in bag. Previous to this you •should have fitted a suitable sized piece of plank to the bottom of the kettle, nailing this piece, after fitting, to the bottom of a standard of a suitable size and length, this standard having the up- per end fitted or hinged to a 4x4 scant- ling twelve to sixteen feet long. Now fasten a log chain to the ears or bail of the kettle, having it go over the end of the scantling, near which the standard is hinged. Next place the plank fitted to the bottom of the kettle on the bag of refuse, then hinge or fasten the stan- dard to the scantling so that a powerful fulcrum is made of the standard when you put your weight on the long end of the scantling, which is now turned into a lever. Go gently at first, using a rock- ing motion on the lever, bringing more and more power to bear on it, till you think you have given all the pressure the bag will stand. When this is done, hang a weight on the end of the scant- ling where you liad put on the pressure, and leave the thing to cool off till the next morning. The next morning you will find the wax all on top in a hard- 66 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April mod cake, loose from the sides of the kettle, when you can break it to pieces piittinfT it through the oil can purifying process, given by Mr. Greiner., Take out the bag, and if you have done the work as you should, not a particle of wax will be found remaining in the refuse. Given very briefly, this is the plan I have used in getting out wax where I have enough old comb to make a wholesale affair of the matter. With only a moderate amount, or with the general accumulation from an apiary of !00 to 150 colonies, I prefer the solar wax extractor to anything else. •'EBENEZER SKIES." Wonder who "Ebenezer Skies" is ? That must be a nom de plume for we should have heard from a man who could put the pith of comb honey production in so small a space as he does it on pages 48 and 49, before, if he were writ- ing over his real name. But whether it is a nom dc plume or otherwise, his ai't-^ icle tells all there is in comb honey pro- duction in the shortest, or nut-shell space, I ever saw it, and tliose two col- umns will bear reading one, two, three, four, five and six times, in as many days, till each part touched is thoroughly stamped upon the memory. And not the least part is that of the right kind of bees for the production of comb honey. Bees wiiich will not produce comb to perfection nor cap the cells whitely (and the majority of the bees in the country today will not do tliis) are not the bees for successful eomb honey production. Weed the '-scrubs" out of your apiary as carefully as the best dairyman does from his herd of cows, till you have what you want. Don't say it cannot be done — it can be done ; but it takes time and patience, and unless you can use these you are of little account in the ranks of bee-keepers. Then those Level hives. Did you note that ? Go into the apiaries of the land ; look at the hives "sprawling" all about! Is it any won- der so many complain about combs at- tached to separators ? But space for- bids writing more at this time. Read that article the seventh time, for there is ^^lots"" in it. Borodino, N.Y., Marcli 10. 1900. A FIGHT WITH BEES. THE following experience, from the Youth's Companion, might prove valuable as an acquisition to the available capital of the opponents of Apis dorsata. There is but little doubt that the bee which figured in the epi- sode was dorsata ; and by simply clip- ping off the two final paragraphs the story might be used with good effect : Mr. HughC'lifford gives in Blackwood's Magazine a realistic account of a fight with bees. It was in the interior of the state of Penang, in the Malay Peninsula, and took place some nine years ago. Mr. Cliflford was an old jungle traveler, but on this particular journey he met with a new experience. The man who was leading the way stopped sud- denly, and pointed to something ahead. They were standing by a narrow creek with steep banks, and on the opposite bank, about half a dozen yards distant, was a patch of black and yellow pe- culiarly blended. It had a strange, furry appear- ance, with a sort of restless shimmer. Suddenly the patch rose like a cheap black-and- yellow railway rug tossed upward by the wind. A humming sound accompanied its flight, aud a sec- ond later it had precipitated itself upon the travel- ers, a furious flight of revengeful bees. The men turned and fled. Mr. Clifford says: "1 broke headlong through my frightened fol- lowers, tore out of the little belt of jungle and sprinted across a patch of short grass. For a mo- ment I believed that I had given the enemy the slip, and I turned to watch my people, who, with burdens thrown down, came tumbling out of cover, beating the air and screaming lustily. "The next moment i was again in flight. I pull- ed my large felt kat from my head and threshed around with it. Still the bees came on. settling upon my flannel shirt and my coarse jungle trou- sers, and stinging my face and hands and arms mercilessly. "I was panting for breath, sweating at every pore, and beginning to feel something akin to real fear, when I saw the glistening waters of the Ren- gai river. I shouted to my howling men 'Take to the water!" and plunged in. "My Malays came helter-skelter, and with us came the army of bees, stinging as if for life. I was thoroughly winded when I took to the water, and it was impossible to dive for more than a few 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER C7 seconds. When 1 came to the surface they were still thera, and 1 was driven back more than once with panting, sobbing breath. My lungs were bursting and my heart leaping like a wild thing. The possibility of having to choos3 between death by drowning and death by stinging seemed not rj- niote. "Then I heard my boatman call 'Throw a bough for them to land on ! ' I swam to the shore, broke off a bougli and threw it on the surface of the stream, my men doing the same. Then I dived again. When I came up no more bees attacked me and I saw half a dozen branches floating down the stream covered with a struggling mass of insects." BEES IN A HURRICANE. In our issue for September, 1899, we gave a brief account of the visit to our coast, on August 15th, of a West Indian hurricane, which pretty thoroughly dis- pelled the mosquitoes for the time being and tried its hand at manipulating bees. One view of its handiwork was present- ed, with a promise of more. The pres- ent number affords the lirst opportunity we have had to fulfill the promise. With hands like boxing gloves and heads like inflated footballs, the party limped across to the village. Half an hour later one of the number came in — uninjured. He had seen the bees coming and had sat down to await the assault. They cov- ered him from head to foot, but as he offered no resistance, they did not sting him. "I felt," says Mr. Clifford, 'uncommonly foolish as he told of his proceeding. It was anything but agreeable to think that we had had our run, our fight, our suffocation under water, and the pains we were enduring, all for nothing— that we might have avoided tliem all by simplv sitting still." AFTEK THE SQUALL. INTRODUCING A QUEEN. The Method Practiced by One Subscriber. BY .1. W. TKFFT. Read our clubbing list on another page. Place in hive four empty combs: on each side of these a frame of honey and a division board. Upon these place the caged queen in such a way that the bees may have access to tlie candy in the cage. Cover with enameled cloth and chaff cushion. Prepare a second liivc in the same 68 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April iiiannor as abovo, and place in it tlie (|iuH'n, comb and adhorinj? bees from a strong colony which I will call No. 3. Now take the combs one at a time from No. 3 and shake the bees from them, lirst in front of No. 1 and then in front of No. 3 and so oji nntil all the frames have been removed, when all combs containinf? brood are to be replaced in the hive from which they were taken. See that thev have some honey also. In this way all old field-bees will re- turn to the old stand and there will be enoufrh of them to rear a (jueen and care for the brood, while there will be- only yonnji; bees in Nos. 1 and :.'. whicii will release tlie ipiecn. In this wav you make a sure thinjr of introducinji- a valuable ([ueen. .\t the san\e time you save the ok! (juecn. who will build up stronji for winter, while No. 3 will start ((ueen cell.s — all of which should be cut out on the eighth day and eggs given from No. I to r<'ar a new (|ueen fntm. She will be a half-breed and may prove a superior (pieen. The above |>lau never fails. It is the old be(>s that kill a queen — the young bees never do that, and by this method none but young bees stay with the caged queen. Last season, just as I was about to ex- tract, I received a present of two beau- tiful queens from Mr. Henry Alley, which I introduced as above stated, while removing the honey to the ex- tracting house. The two old colonies were very strong in bees and honey, each hive containing 36 L frames, from which I took about 300 pounds of honey and at the same time made an increase of 300 per cent. South Wales, N.Y. Iliiasinucli as Mr. Tefft is a bee-keeper of long experieuce, whose work has been attended with success, we are led to surmise that he sees some advantage in the method advocated, which he failed to state. That the chances for a queen's ac- ceptance are better with young than with old bees, s everywhere admitted ; but wherein lies the vir- tue in the alternate shaking of frames before two hives, is nof. ajiparent. Would not the introduc- tion have been as well accomplished — and on the same principle — had Mr. Tefft prepared hive No. 1 as stated, and then simply have shaken the bees from a half of the combs of No. 3 ? Any further division of colonies, or other apiary work, is an- other subject, having no bearing whatever upon tlie introduction of a queen in (juestion; and tends only to complicate the instructions, should any one desire to test the plan. Another point which remains a trifle obscure is, why the qxieen. which Mr. TetTt proposes to rear in No. ;i "will be a half- breed." Would not such an assertion be on a par with the statement that if an egg of jmre leghorn stock were hatched by a red game hen, the chick would be a half-breed ? It cannot be that Mr. TcfTt has succeeded in clearly expressing himself on this ])oint. — Editok.] CLUBBING LIST. We will send The Amekican Bee-keki'EK witli t'^^"" PRICE BOTH American Hee Journal *1 00 |II 35 Hce-keepers' Review 1 00 1 35 Canadian Hee Journal 1 00 1 35 (ileanings in Bee Culture 100 135 American (^ueen 50 tJO Seif Culture Magazine 100 100 UNITED STATES BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo. Ohio. General Manager and Treasurer— Hon. P^ugene Secor, Korest City, la. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 69 PL'BLISIIISJ) MOXTin.V in' THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Editou. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies S5 cts ; :! copies, $1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepuitl in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents e.\tra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, '.) words; S^3. 00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per cent, for three ins3rtions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the l.ith of each month to insure insertion in the month following. i:^Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The A.MEKiCAN Bee-keeper, Falconer, N.Y. f^~ Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, maybe addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. jfT" Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with this number. VVe hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. ; g" A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. The Bureau of Fore.stry of Onta- rio is laboring zealously to effect the reforestation of the land.s of that province. Those interested should see to it that the linden re- ceives the recognition to which it is entitled. The maple is a valuable and beautiful tree, but there are also others no less so. Mr. John F. Crowder, Fresno, Cal.. according to the Tulare Ad- v(nirc\ has about three thousand colonies of bees ; and the Advance thinks Mr. Crowder is therefore the most extensive bee-keeper in Cen- tral Califoimia. If any one man owns and cortrols a greater num- ber of colon ie.s than three thousand, ''where in the world'' is he ; and "what might his name be ?'" The Wei^tern Bet-heeper. we regret to learn, has joined the silent majori- ty. We hailed its advent with sincere wishes for success, and now as sin- cerely regret its demise. The bee- keeping fraternity stands, no doubt, more greatly in need of other things than an increased list of pub- lications; but the recognition, good- will and charity of the established journals are due the honest efforts of any brother ; and such courte- sies cost the donor but little. Prof. C. F. Hodge, in Gleaninys. minutely details some observations wherein a virgin queen was seen to make two successive flights, each being successful. The second, which occurred fifteen minutes after her return to the hive, probably being occasioned by the removal of the male appendages from the ovi- duct, by the bees, which act he witnessed in both instances. These and other interesting notes were taken by the professor during his vacation, by the use of a miniature colony on a" single section of comb enclosed in a glass box. This, so far as we know, is the first evidence to be adduced that a second mating ever occurs. Rambler, in Gkamng.^, says they have had but three good honey sea- sons during the nine years that he 70 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April has been in California. While his faith in the future of the bee indus- try there appears to be yet vmsliak- en, he accounts for the large yields which have given California the reputation of having produced the largest crop of honey of any state in the union by illustrating the fact that the area. of that state is more than equal to that of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Massa- chusetts, New Hampshire, Maine^ Vermont, Delaware and Ohio. No doubt if all these states were com- bir ed in one, they would, one year with another, record a larger yield of honey than their western com- petitor. : AN IMPROVEMENT IN SMOKERS. Mr. T. F. Bingham, the urbane and enterprising manufacturer of bee-smokers, is out with something new this season. . His well-known and deservedly popular line of smokers are now being made, for those who desire something especi-^ ally nice and serviceable, with stove and nozzle of sheet brass. This is unquestionably an advance step in the smoker line, and will be ap- preciated by those, who havfe hereto- fore experienced the loss of an otherwise good smoker by the rav- ages of rust, where the coating of tin had been burned from the bar- rel. When moving from place to place upon the salt water a tin smoker is especially short lived, and we became convinced some time ago of the necessity of some material not affected by rust, and as a result have for several years been using a smoker made especially for us of copper, and find the difficulty ent tirely overcome. The brass being stiffer and somewhat cheaper, it will doubtless prove equally if not more satisfactory, and we do not hesitate to commend the new article to those contemplating the purchase of a new smoker. In addition to the superior quality of the material,' as stated, the three larger sizes of the Bingham line for 1900 are fitted with a hinged nozzle. ■ A crescent- shaped groove has also been neatly turned out of either side of the bel- lows, which adds greatly to the convenience and comfort of the operator, as the thumb and fingers fit nicely into the depression, and relieve the necessity of a constant grip. . . , •• . GRANULATED HONEY. Bee-keepers generally through- out the country appear to be awak- ening to the importance of some ed- ucational work among the masses in regard to extracted honey.- There is indeed a degree of igno- rance prevalent in the land regard- ing the nature, care and use of honey, both comb and extriicted, that is amazing ; but the particular point that is at present engaging the attention of the producer is that of educating, the people to the use of the candied extracted article. It is quite generally believed that granulated honey is adulterated — that the granules in -the liquid is an adulterant — and the majority of retail •dealers, sharing this igno- rance, are incapable of rendering a true explanation to the prospect- ive buyer, but he will instead most likely, apply the force of his argu- ment to the deliverance ^f his own untarnished name from the menac- ing stigma, laying particular stress upon his personal good faith and innocence in buying the "stuff." This will, of course, be supplement- ed with an apology for having of- fered it to his esteemed patron.- This may appear somewhat over- drawn;' but we have witnessed just such an instance. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 71 It does seem just a trifle strange that in six thousand years (or sixty thousand, as the case may be) peo- ple have not learned that honey will granulate in cold weather, and that .they are yet afraid- of this most wholesome, pure and delicious food after the change has taken place. - ■ It behooves producers of extract- ed honey to work earnestly to dis- abuse the public mind of this popu- lar error, and to disseminate a knowledge of the ease with which honey may be restored to its liquid state when preferred in that condi- tion. Granulated honey is very much preferred by many to -that in liquid form,' and some of our west- ern producers have so educated the trade that their goods are not looked for in any other way — in- deed their honey is not put upon the market vm til after it has granu- lated. Specific instructions for liquifying the contents goes with each retail package. In thiscondi- tion there is no spilling and daub- ing, and the crop is marketed and retailed in the same cleanly and neat manner as an invoice of canned fruits. , . ■ ■ . ■ The subject is one worthy of seri- ous thought and the expenditure of some effort on the part of those in- terested in the development of a permanent' and profitable market for extracted honey. CYPRIAN BEES. Several inquiries i*eceived recent- ly would indicate that interest in the Cyprians is again beiag revived; This is probably due to the' efforts how being put forth ' in ■ certain quarters to popularize this justly "despised race," and the interest must of necessity be pretty w^ell confined to those without experience or having read widely upon the subject. We are aware that the Cyprian is regarded with some favor by as high an authority as Prof. F. den- ton ; but even he assents to the fact that they use theirstings with great energy when thoroughly aroused. It. is our experience that they will do so at all times, and that they appear ■ to be thoroughly aroused whether molested or not. The Cyprian will go farther out of its way in search of some pOor, in- offensive creature to sting, than any bee we know of. To those who are fortunately free from Cyprian venom iii their apia- ries we would say : Have' a • care how ' you experiment with a race whose maliciousness and irritability has called down upon' it- the ebn- demnation of nearly 'every one with whom it has come in- contact. ■ - In this' connection we are remind- ed of an incident recently related by one of the many victims of the Cyprian on the' Pacific coast. The young mail in question was fortun- ately possessed of 'a disposition which, though' slightly inclined to humor, bordered on Mosaic meek- ness. In a letter to the editor of The American Bee-ki^eper he 're- lates the experiences of an after^ noon off thus : ' ' "Those who have had Cyps (Cy- prian bees) -know what they are to sting. For stinging they, are all right. 1 had a number of; col- onies of these, and one afternoon I thought I would' have som'e 'spori With them.^' So I' made a shab- by old '"Paddy" and set him up in the apiary, about twelve fedt from one colony that was particularly cross, r gave Mr. Paddy a slbuch hat and a white handkerchief for a necktie. I then lit my smoker and puffed a little smoke at the entrance of this hive, just as I do when'about to look through a hive', carefuUj*^' THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April raised the lid and smoked inside, about as usual, then i-eplaced th(> cover, and betook myself to the weeds, about 40 feet from the api- ary. I saw them coming for Paddy and I could not help saying, 'poor Paddy, poor Paddy !' Paddy re- mained as a target for the Cyps from 10 o'clock a. m. until 3 p. m., and when I took hmi away he was completely covered with stings and some bees still at work at him though they had lost their stings. The next morning there were two quarts of dead bees in front of this hive alone, to say nothing of the others. This was no surprise, as the stings in Paddy would indicate a greater loss.'' In all seriousness we would say that the California Paddy seems to have been let off very light by the Cyprians on this occasion, consider- ing that there were nearly one hun- dred colonies of them. During our Cyprian experience we would have considered it a very pleasant day ■ when not more than a gallon or so of bees had lost their stings in our clothing and flesh. Our advice is : Let Cyprians alone. W. M. Gcrrlsh. East Nottingham. N. H.. keeps a complete supply of our jfoods. and oastorn customers will save froifjlit by onlerinjij of him. Thk W. T. Fai.conkr jNIfo. Co. The MODERN FARMER and BUSY BEE. K.MEUSO.v Tavlok .\bbott, Editor. A live, up-to-date, farm journal, with a general Farm Department. Dairy, Horticulture, Live Stock. Poultry, Bees, Veterinary, Home and General News. Edited by one wlio has had piactical e.vpt'rience ill t'Vt'ry dL'partiij'.'nt of farm work. To introduce tin- |iii|u'r to new readers it will be sent for a sliort lime, to new subseiiber.s, one year for ■_'.') cents. Sample copies free. Best advertising inedimii in the central west, .\ddresa, MODERN FAH.MKH otf St. Joseph. Mo. LITERARY NOTES. The best otfer of the year is that made l)y Frrmk Lefilic's Popular Monthly, just- ly termed "tlH> monarch of the ten-cent magazines." For a limited period this famous and popular magazine, now .SI. 00 a year, will send free with each yearly subscription, the beautiful "Little Sweethearts" Calendar. This calendar is in six groups of water-color drsigns by Frances Briindage, the famous pain- ter of children, each group in twelve colors, size 10\V2% inches, on fine What- man paper, tied at top with a silk rib- bon ; each sheet contains two months" dates — thus being a complete calendar for 1900. Frank Leslie's Popular Month- ly, edited by Mrs. Frank Leslie, now publishes the best literature and illus- trations that money and energy can ob- tain, from such authors and artists as Hudyard Kipling, William Dean Howells. A. Conan Doyle, Frank R.Stockton, Mary E. Wilkins, Stephen Crane, RuthMcEne- ry Stuart, S. R. Crockett, F. Hopkinson Smith, Joel Chandler Harris, Bret Harte, "Josiah Allen's Wife," Henry James, Will Carleton, Edgar Fawcett and Rev. Dr. Henry van Dyke, A. B. Wentzell. H. Ciiandler Christy, F. Luis Mora, W. Granville Smith, Clifford Carlton, F. W. Read, Ch. Grunwald and others. Pros- pectus for I'.iOU and a pretty folder in colors sent free for the asking. Speci- men copy for three 2 cent stamps. Frank Leslie Piil)iishiMg House. 141-14.^ Fifth Ave.. N.Y. Tile Self Culture Magazine (>fl.00 a year) with The .\merii-an Bee-kei^pcM'. .«l.oo a vear. FEEE SEED Second Annual } DISTRIBUTION to subscribers to The Farmers' Reainn, a 1(1 page ilhi.strated fanu and liorae pajier. 2o<;. pays for i)a])er one year, and ten large jiackets of vege- table and flower seed free, value r>Oc. Particulars free. Farmers' Realm, Syracuse, N.Y. Our advertisements this month arc worthv of verv careful attention. 1900 THE AMERICAN DEE-KEEPER 73 EDITORIAL NOTES. When writing to any of our ad- vertisers please do not fail to say that you saw the advertisement in The American Bee-keeper. This paper is an American bee-journal, but that is not its name. A num- ber of our correspondents in writ- ing to us refer to The American Bee-keeper as the American Bee Journal. There is a publication of that name j^i^blished in Chicago, and ihe two should not be con- founded. The series of Florida freezes in- troduced in 1894 has been continued with remarkable regularity. Dur- ing the night of February 18, 1900, we again had the temperature slight- ly below the freezing point for sev- eral hours, but the damage to bee- keeping interests as far south as Fort Pierce is hardly perceptible. The winter generally, however, has been quite unfavorable for building up the working force, owing to the heavy rains and high winds which have prevailed during the greater part of the time. In a letter dated February 14, to The American Bee-keeper, Mr. M. H. Mendleson, one of the worlds largest bee-keepers, writes from Ventura, Cal., that he fears even a worse season than were 1898 and '99. He truly says "they were bad enough," and adds: "If we get no more rain nine-tenths of the bees will be dead. Many are discour- aged and have gone out of the busi- ness. I am preparing for another dry year.'" We will put aside modesty for once to quote Mr. Mendleson a little farther: "The American Bee-keeper is neatly printed, and having our leading producers as contributors and its interesting editorials makes it a good journal. It is interesting reading.'" south DAKOTA BEE-KEEPERS. Yankton, S. D . January 25, 1900, is the birthplace and birthday of The South Dakota State Bee-keep- ers' Association, a new society of bee-keepers, whose efforts are pledged to promote the interests of apiculture in that state. Mr. Thomas Chantry, the well-known apiarist of Meckling, was unani- mously elected president of the or- ganization, and Mr. E. F. Atwater, of Yankton, secretary. The American Bee-keeper congratu- lates the association upon the wis- dom of its choice in selecting Mr. Chantry as its first leader; and we trust South Dakota may yet pro- duce honey in proportion to its output of bread-stuffs. an underhanded scheme discovered. The enemies of the spraying law, which went into effect July 1, 1898, in New York state, have been at their wits' end to have it repealed, and having failed in this at the last session of the legislature, now seek to render it ineffective by the introduction of an amendment which provides that experiment stations and individuals may "ex- periment." In the event of its pas- sage spraying could be done at any time, under the pretense of an "ex- periment," and the loss to bee- keepers would be as .if no law existed. Every fair-minded and enlightened agriculturist in the state of New York should act at once by writing to his senator and representative, urging its defeat, and thus thwart the deep-laid scheme of misguided persons to not only add to the burdens of New 74 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April York bee-keepers at this time, but to remove by poison the medium necessary to the thorough fertiliza- tion and consequent development of perfect fruit crops. It is to be hoped that the measure will be sprayed liberally, while in the bud, with a mixture of just in- dignation and sound, logical argu- ment directed to the law-makers of the state. MR. IIEISE EXPERIENCES A SERIOUS INTERVAL. Mr. D. W. Heise, the Canadian Bee JournaVs jocular correspondent, appears to have been so much ex- cited by our brief comments on his ridiculous statements, in which he said Apis dortiuta "cannot be do- mesticated," etc., etc., that, in his efforts to say something really sar- castic of The American Bee-keeper in quick response, he unwittingly defeats his own position and lines up with the true advocates of the giant East Indian bee. Hear him : "Is it absohitely necessary for an indi- vidual to make a personal investigation pertaining to any matter or thing before he dare liave faith in it ? Men of prac- tical experience have made extensive experiments, and tiiat at the expendi- ture of considerable monin' for tiie pur- pose of domesticating Apis dorsdta, and liav(! failed. Must the testimony of these men bo treated as rot '? That is all I know^ about it; but you, j\Ir. li. K., dont appeal to know even that much ; when', have have you been all summer with your winter clothc^s on ? "" We believe no man living has made more thorough investigations and conducted more expensive ex- periments in this work than Prof. Frank B-nton, of the United States department of agriculture, who says: •■Colonies placed in frame hives and permitted to fly freely did not desert thes(^ habitations, and far fi-om being ferocious, these colonies were easily handled by proper precautions without even the use of smoke. It was also proved by the quantity of honey and wax present that they are good gathei'- ers. The execution at tliat time of plans to bring these bees to the United States was prevented only by severe illness contracted in India."' We always hold the most pro- found respect for the honest opin- ion of any man, whether it is or is not in accord with our own, and we are glad that Mr. Heise, with us, will no longer treat the experience.^ of such an able entomologist as Professor Benton, ^ '■as rot." When a man, under date of December, 1899, gives public uttsrance to such positive assertions — especi- ally one who, in all probability, never saw a living specimen of Ajns dorsata — and attempts to hold up to ridicule the sincere discussion of so important a subject by a gentle- man of Dr. Mason's years and acknowledged ability, he should not be so greatly surprised to find that his derisive assumptions are some- times received for exactly what they are worth. Memories of Dwight L. Moody. It was the wish of the late Mr. Moody that his biography should be written by his son. Mr. W. R. Moody, who has in liis pos- session all of his father's papers and is preparing a very complete life of the great preacher, has consented to write •especially for The Saturday EvcniiKj Post a series of aniH'dotal papers on liis father's life and work, profusely illus- trated witli hithi'rto unpul)lished photo- graphs. Tlie lirst of thest; papers, entitled ■■INIoody as a Hoy and Business Man,"' will appear in the April 7 number of 'Die Saturduy Evcnliuj Post. In making honey taffy so as not to burn it, cook it very slowly. Don't put it on too hot a place on the stove. Con- stantly stir until it boils. Even on a very slow fire there is danger of burning if the latter precaution is not observed. 1900 THE AMERICAN DEE-KEEPER 75 Looks like a WARDROBE, doesn't it ? It's intended to look that way; that's why it's cased in handsome polished quartered "S oak. 1^ -Sfe:^ r.UT IT'S A BATH-TUB, (folding, oE course). The tub is pivot<'d about two-thirds of the way down, and so perfectly balanced that any one can easily let it down, or raise it back to close it. At the top of the front of the closed tub you will notice two little ornamental carvings or embossments, tipped with fancy brass; they are the ends of the legs. When you let down the tub, they slide out into position to support it and lock them- selves automatically. Bee-keepers mostly live in country houses, where there is no city water supply, and this tub is intended for the family which must be independent of the plumber. There is a convenient device for empty- ing the tub, either into pails or through a waste-pipe. We have only a few of these tubs left; we warrant them to be made in the most perfect and substantial manner possible; an ornament (when closed) to the most elegantly furnished room ; and, as we wish to clear them out to make room for a different line of articles, we offer them at the extremely low price of $18. OO each, which is below what they could now be built for. We Gu.vrantee that any one buying one of these tubs will be satisfied. Wo are reliable and to be trusted; our busi- ness standing and reputation is worth much more to us than very many times .^18.00; so when we make a statement you can believe us. Particulars cheer- fully furnished. The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. Practice Makes Ask your Dealer or write PITKIN'S PAINTS represent years of experience. Fulton and Carpenter Streets. GEO. w. PITKIN Co. Perfect station C, CHICAGO. v ■»••»• v v^ v; Honey and Beeswax Market Report. Below we give the latast and most authentic re- port o£ the Honey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: WASHIXGTOX GRADING RULES. Fancy. — All sections to be well filled, combs straight, of even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed ex- C3pt the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or witli but few cells unsealed; botli wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, tliere will be "Fancy white," "No. 1, dark,'' etc, Chicago, March S.— There is a small trade in choice to fancy white comb honey at \bc.; but aside from this therj is little doing in any other grade, with an uncertain range of prices, for those who have it want to sell and buyers can get reduc- tions from prices asked. Off grades of white 10 (» 18c.; ambers 8 @ lOc; dark, 7 («' 9c; white extracted weak at 8e.; ambers 7 ® 7]4c-; dark 6)4 @ 7c. Beeswax steady at 2,Sc. R. A. Biikxett & Co. Boston, March 20.— Market shows signs of lower prices, and stock not large. Fancy white, 17rofitable em- ployment for all. Also agents; ${> to $20 a week. t'uU particulars for two-cent stamp. 4-7t The Nickellet Co., Lynn, Mass. Although the Farmers' Institute RUllPtin is published at 11.00 UUllvliil pgj. year, for a limited ti nu' the proprietors of that great Agricultural Quarterly will send the paper for Five Years for $1-00 providing you will name this paper when you send in the $1.00. This is a splendid opportunity to get the choicest of agricultural papers at a nominal price. Farmers' Institute Bulletin, Fayetteville, N.Y. 4 tf NEVER NEGLECT A COLD OR COUGH Ni't'lcct .: Colli or Coui:li and If La GrljM"' don't L'<-'t you. CoiiRuniplion will Cir.SIIMAN'^i INHAL.KR cures Colds and nil diseases of the hrcath- way piisxiiccs. Yon losfMiollurs In ilnc- toi' MIlHlii not kceplnK«:lSHMAN'8 IMI.\I.F.K linn.ly cold or roimh or «o ItM very flmt npproa If you cnn't KPl It nl llrninclMri iipnd for It." IIt mnll, so rfiil". Send for Honk nn .llrnlhol, free. '•ISiiflAN llltLOCO., VIMKN.NKS, IND., V. 8. A. CI SIIMAX'8 33^ to drive off a p^ >r<* throut at C. I j DRINK HABIT cured for ,50 cents. SlIHE CUKE REMEDY COMP'Y, Chicago, ill. t HOW TO MAKE MONEY * With POULTRY & PIGEONS. 36 pa-o book on caro, niana-^cmcnt, building and other plans, receipts and other valuable lufi rmation. Jlall- H. H. Fr.iCK, rr.icKS, Pa. UNION COMBINATION SAW. For Ripping, Cross-cutting, Mitering, Rabbet- ing, (irooving. Bor- ing, (Jaining, Scroll Sawing. Edge Mold ing, Reading, etc. Full line foot and HANI) I'OWKH Ma- chinery. Send for Catalogue A. SENECA FALUS MFG. CO., 1-12 46 Water St., Seneca Falls, N .Y. s u R E is making hundreds of TT sober and industrious men every month. It is not injurious, a i)ure- ly vegetable compound, TD and is easily given for some other little ail- ment, thereby effecting the cure of the liijuor ■p habit disease without their knowledge of it being done. Hundreds are being cured in tliis manner that never could liave been induce! to take medicine. We guar- antee cure. I'rices are reasonable. Trial size *1, fnll treatment $5. Editor of American Farmer Magazine, Chicago. 111.: "I know that it has cured many who have taken it." AE t; LEANINGS. 3 months for lo cents. Address P B. WAYSIDE PCBLISIIIAU CO., Clintonvillc Conn. PIEA5E MDfrioN wS f]Ji£J^ OR SMALL ^ ■^'^ ''*'^* WRITE FOR CATALOOUE. ENCL05E 10 aS.TO HEIP PSxY POSTAGE EGGS IN WINTER easily olitaincl under ri^lft conditions and • attcntiou. Subsrrihe for our iiouUry paper arn how. 25 ct.s, n year. Sample cojiy fret-. THE POULTRY ITEM, Box 190, Feicks, Pa. MONTHS m CTS. fcON TRIAL FOR*" _ A I'.riu'ht, Illustrated. Farm, Stoclt and Poultry _ paper. If) p;r^'s. - Viberal Premiums to yearly snbscribers. A'Tonts H anted. Farmers Realm, Syiaciisc,>.\ . THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April E MPIRE WASHER FREE To Energetic Agents. ENORMOUS PROFITS WITH LITTLE WORK PEUFECT SATISFACTION (JUARANTEED. S500 to any one who will Invent a similar WASHIXG_M ACHINE that will operate easier_or do betterwork. The l*rlce I^<»vt'. Writa for eirculars, price and terms to agents. AdUre.. J||£ ^,y,p,|^£ ^ f^^^^^ QQ^^ JaMESTOWN, N. Y. Henlion this Paper. HELLO! Do you want some good POULTRY? We have some fine White Wonders. R. C. B. Leghorns, B. V. Rocks, Partridge Cochins; Black, Golden and S. S. Wyandottes, and fine Toulouse Geese. If you want some of them send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, The Eureka Poultry Farm, Hamburg. lt£ Established over IS years. Wis. TyvrTrnTT A Non-sectarian Journal UiNiilj ofKeligion. The advocate of Inter-denominational comity and the sympathies of Universal Religion. The Organ of the Liberal Congress of Religion Published weekly, ¥2.00 per annum. Send for sample; copies. Address Unity Publishing Co., 2tf 393',) Langley Avenue, Chicago JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY, THEIR AGREEMENTS AND DISAGREEMENTS. i.y liahui Isaac M. W ise, President Hebrew Union College; Rabbi Congrega- tion Children of Yeshuran; Editor of The American Israelite. A complete comparative study of the two relig- ions from a liberal standpoint, and addressed to laymen. Price one dollar, jjostage paid. 2-G Leo Wise & Co., publishers, Cincinnati, O Free! Don't Overlook It ! Sample copy of Agricultural and Livestock Herald. The best authority on Belgian Hares published. .\Iso i)ert!iiiis to the agrifultural and jioultry inter- ests of the we.tt. Finely illutt.aled. Address Agriculture Publishing Co., 2t£ Denver, Colorado. HOMES WANTEDI Fainiru's, both Catholic and Pro- testant, willing to offer a good home to a boy or girl of any age from in- fancy to ten years and who will re- ceive the child as a member of the family and give it such care and training as will fit it for ar life of self-support and usefulness, are in- vited to correspond with State Charities Aid Association, 105 E. 22d St., New York City. The North and West, Presby teria family newspaper, all departments. Moderator, Sample, Drs. Cuyler, Burrell, Chap- man, Burrows, Gregg, and Donaldson, some of the writers for lilOO. A 32-page quarto atlas, giving maps of mission- ary countries and New Possessions, given with a year's advance subscription at f2.0''. 2-3 Minneapolis, Minn. The EVANGELIST. 1830- lOCO. The Evaxgeli.st for ICOO will be stronger and more helpful than ever as a home paper of religi- ous thought and work. It has among its regular contributors: Rev. Dr. Henry M Field, Prof. Wm. Adams " Charles H Parkhurst, Brown, " Theodore L Cuyler, Prof. John DeWitt, S M Hamilton, U.D., " SB Rossiter, Mr. Robert E. Spear, " Herrick Johnson, Dr. Newell D wight T S Hamlin, Hillis. Philip S Moxom, Mme. Zenaide Ragozin. A F iSchauffler, Mrs. J. D. Burrell, R S Holmes. Mrs. Susan Teall Perry. Mrs. Julia Keese CoUes, Mrs. Cynthia Morgan St. John. Its Departments coverthe wants of every member of the family Studies in Old Testament Literature by the editor. A series of illustrated articles on Presby- terian Manses. A series of special articles on tho Sunday School. A new serial by Mrs. Houghton. A series of articles on the New Biblical Criticism, by Prof. John De Witt, D. D., LL. D., Princeton. A series of articles on the New Biblical Criticism, by the Rev. Joseph Hutchcson, Rector of the Church of the Epiphany, New York City. The College Departmeni— Rev. C W E Ch.apin. The International Sunday School Lessons, with maps, charts and illustrations. Christian Endeavor, by Rev. II T McEwen, D. D. Church Music Depart- ment. The Camera — Lueile Wand. Household Department — Ruth Weatherby. Subscribe at Once- You are losing, every week that you delay. Price f3. 00 a year, 52 numbers; ministers, $2.00. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. 2tf 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 79 The Nebraska Farm Journal A monthly journal devoted to agricultural interestb. Largest circulation of any agricultural pa- per in the west. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb. The MYSTIC WORKERS OF THE WORLD. Best and Cheapest Fraternal Insurance Order in the Country. Address, Edmund Jackson, 1-5 Supreme Sec'y, Fulton, 111. The Southern Fruit and Vegetable Eeporter _/q) reaches a majority of the best shippers in the South. No other publication reaches half as many shippers. An advertisement brings good results. Try one. J. E. SMITH, Publisher, Itf Monticello, Fla. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 1897. Circulation 5,000. Devoted exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates mn-io known on application. J. P. Iskael, Itf Publisher, Lincoln. Neb. Frances Sheldon Bolton's new book on the care of baby from birth. 150 Images, price 50 cents. Written by a mother to help young mothers. Or, The Mothers' Journal, $1.00 per year, including the above book, "Baby," free. Send postal for sample copy of Journal. Itf Address, Mothers' Journal, New Haven, Ct. Established 1873. Price *2 per year. FLORIDA AGRICULTURIST. E. O. Painter & Co., publishers. Oldest Agricultural Journal in the state. 16 four- column pages. Extensive experimental grounds and a host of practical writers. DeLand, Fla. Itf BABY! ^""^ ROYAL TEMPLARS. A beneficiary association, its grade of payments. Scientific and safe. Both sexes received in perfect equality. You get just what you pay for, and only pay for what you get. Organized 1870. Emergency fund maintained. Expense of management low. Claims paid without expense to beneficiary. Send for information. General office, Itf Masonic Building, Buffalo, N.Y. The MILK REPORTER Organ of the fluid milk trade of the United States. Scientific, special and general features of the trade. Everyone engaged in the milk, creamery or producing trade should see every issue. Only $1 per year. A postal brings a sample copy; do not fail to see it. Address The Milk Reporter, Itf Deckerstown, N. J. Ter) flcre parm. We will give away a good ten acre farm to the person getting the largest number of subscribers for our paper between now and July 1, 1900.- Send for terms to Tbe GAZETTE. Itf Laurel Hill, Florida. WESTERN FRUIT GROWER, ST. (JOSEPH, MO. Should be read by every progressive farmer. Monthly, 50c. per year. Not connected with any nursery. Two months' trial subscription free. Agents wanted. Address, Western Fruit Grower, Box C, St. Joseph, Mo. 1-6 The Southern parn)er, Athens, Qa. The Leading Agricultural Journal of the South. No farmer, fruit grower, stock raiser, poultry- man, Dairyman or even housewife, can afi'ord to be without this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on application. Advertising rates reasonable Itf "Just tell them that you saw it" in The American Bee-keeper. 80 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April a week brings to you The Anierioan Fan- cier, conducted by J.H. Drevenstedt, the Only Weekly Poultry Paper in America, leto 24 Sages every week. Tlie J)est writers write for it; le best breeders advertise in it. Subscription $1 a year. Sample copies 5 cents. Address, American fancier, ....JOHNSTOWN. N.Y. Many Bohemians '^^^vX^ •^ inthe HospDdar, Omaha, rseb. !->ampje copies on application. Jl, IN TENNESSEE There is only one Up-to-date journal published in the iIlte^e^t of Agriculture aud Mauufacture. The West Tennessee Industrial Journal leads all others. A Monthly Industrial Journal with a growing circulation. Has now more than .5,000 readers. Subscription price 50 cts. a year, in aers : The American Bee-keeper. Poultry Moutlily, Reliable Poultry Journal, Poultry Keeper, Southern Poultry Journal Ohio Poultry Journal, A Few Hens, Fanciers' Review, Fancy Fowls, or any otljcr SOc. paper in the United States. Sample copy free. ,\ddress. NEW ENGLAND FANCIER, Yartnouihport. Mass. RvT?T?V RvAm^I? o^ '^^^ American Bee- XjVJ^KI _CVJ^.ADJ1.K keeper is entitled to a free sample of The Practical Poultryman if he will send nuuie and address on a yjostal. This is to get you interested in one of the best poultry journals published, with the expectation that you will send 50 cents for a year's subscri[)tion if you find the paper just what we say it is — a live, hust- ling, practical, reliable, semi-monthly journal. You need the paper; we want your support. Try it. Address, Practical Poultryman, Whitney's Point, N.Y. Send 25 cents (o The Missouri Valley Farmer, Kansas City. Mo. and receive for s'x months the leading farm and stock weekly of the west. Stamps accepted. Itf ^P -^_ _ -^ ^^ -^ sample copy of the I PKn^ Texas stockman and I iJ/VUw Farmer, published at San Antonio, Te.xas, will be mailed free to any address. It will tell you all about Texas. 1-13 ALL ABOUT THE WEST. Western lands. Western Farms, methods, etc. Send 10 cents for three months trial subscription to Itf The Ruu.vl Home. Lawrence, Kansas. When writing to advertisers say: "I saw your adv't in The American Bee-keeper." a*M*M*i*M*i*i*i*i*i'i«i*M*i*i»i»i'i*i*i*i'^ The •• ^I^I^ ••• ^iSTEVENS Rifles M are guaranteed to be SAFE, SOLID, ACCURATE, From, tlie I $6<,oo " Favorite " I to our most expensive •♦ Ideal." i [ The "IDEAL" No. 44 is a fine rifle. I ONE OF OUR LEADERS, price only $10. I We guarantee it in every respect. Noth- ] ing cheap about it but the price. I Made regularly in .33. .35 and .S3 cal- [ ibre rim-flre. .35-30 STEVEi\S, .33-40. 1 .38-55 and. 44-40 center-flre. I IN SPECIAL. SIZES, $12.00. Send stamp /or complete Catalog and Hand Book. I J. STEVENS ARMS AND TOOL CO., CHICOPEE FALLS, MASS. "'^♦I*I»T*I14« ITeit 14th Street, .... N'en York Cltr, R- One Year 10c. If you are not a subscribar *° The Poultry Industry, «-^,,*- silver, and get this vigorous up-to-date poultry journal one whole year. Every copy is worth the year's subscription price. The Poultry Industry, f" Box 218, Gouverneur, N.Y. Early Queens! Earlier Queens ! ! Earliest Queens !!! Our strain of Italian t^ueens we believe to be unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our locali^n being farther south than that of any other breeder in the United Stales we can ship queens imy day in the year. No ays accident and old age disability, and had but seven assessments in ISU'J. VVrite to G. M Read. Chief Correspondent. Hf Des Moines, Iowa. A BEE COUNTRY. If you want to hear of the very best bee and fruit country in the world SEND 25 CENTS for a year's subscription to the MISSOURI AND ARKANSAS FARMER AND FRUITMAN. li. J. PltUFlTT, Publisher. Kansas City, Mo ?t£ Address: The Farmers' and Planters' Guide, Baltimore, Md.. is the only Agrie\illural paper with a " (iood Koads " department. This feature alone is worth the price of subscription, wliich i.s only 50 cts. per year. 12-tf GEO. O. GOVER. Publisher. FARMERS k; pages, .■)0 cents per year, 12-12t lU'KKAT.O. .NY. The best medium for the breeder. JOURNAL The AMERICAN GEANGE BULLETIN and SCIENTIFIC FARMER as the national paper of tlie Patrons of Husbandry is especially valuable to every member of the Order. Subscription agents wanted in every county in New York. Good pay to good agents. Api)ly at once to GRANGE BULLETIN CO. 127 East Third St., Cincinnati, Ohio Big 30-page POULTRY JOURNAL one year, 25c- and the back numbers for one year, bound in one neat volume, free with subscription. We sell leg-bands for poultry, and lice- killers. Also do all kinds of printing. Write your wants. V/E5TERN POULTRY FARM, i2tf Marshall, Nlo. @99®0 ^90^ 909099090000 99999 ® "1 / • J ^_ • _^ You learn all Q © V irQirilQ abou t Virginia g g I- « lands, soil, water, ^ ® ll^^rY^SS climate, resour- @ ® ' ces, products, ® © @ ^ fruit, mode of cultivation, price etc., by ^ © reading THE VIRGINIA FARMER. O © Send 10c. for three months' svibscription to 9 g3tf FARMER CO., Emporia, Va. % The DORSET C O U R I ER, Published monthly. Devoted to sheep hus- bandry in general and Dorset sheep in particu- lar. Circulates in 27 states and Canada. A splendid advertising medium. Subscription fifty cents per year. Address t2tf W. A. COOPER, Pub., WASHINGTON, PA. Thr Deirby Gamr Bird. A Monthly Journal of 61 pages, devoted to Pit Games. Send for a free sample copy. Alex. W. Cuimiiings, Editor and Publisher. DppllV Tl'lfl BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of Til Amateur Bee-keeper, a 7(1 page book, by Prof. J. W. Kouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "It is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price 24 cents; by mail 28 cents. The little book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, (a live, progressive. 28 page monthly journal ) one year for e.ic. .\))iily to any first-cIass dealer, or LEAHY MFG CO., HigglnsvUle, Mo. Entered at the Postoffice, Falconer, N.Y., as second-class matter. Incubator Free on trial The NEW C. YON CULIN INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every hatchable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y. Another Big Offer! As I hare explained in previous advertise- ments, the publisher of a good journal can afford to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his journal into new hands. I have in the past made several such offers, but here is one that I consider especially liber- al. If you are not a subscriber to the Bee-keepers' KeVieW, send me $1,30 and I will have your subscription to TllE AiMEUiCAN Bke-keeper renewed for ore year, send you 12 back numbers of THE KEVIEW, and then THE REVIEW for alj of 1900. Remember two things : You must be a NEW subscriber to THE RE- VIEW, and the order must be sent to W, Z, HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. BISCAYNE BAY. Issued monthly. Terms, fifty cents a year. Address, S. 11. Rich.mo.nd, editor. Cutler, Dade County, Florida. Write for sample copy. 12tf Over 1,200,000 ^^^r^x^Ll^^S AM) Kau.m" were mailed from the Reed City, Mich., postollico last year, or more than lOO.OOO copies each issue. Subscription 80 cents per year. Advertising, 40 cents per agate line. Success with the (iarden and Farm, Reed City, Mich. KTf If, BINGHAM •*— "-J has made all the im- 5 provements in ^ Bee Smokers and ^ H(iney Knives made in the last 30 years, undoubtedly he makes the best on earth. Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail $1 50 3W inch 1.10 Knife, 80 cents. .S inch 1.00 2!^ inch 90 ■*"/-°';?^^!r'LilVi^Wonder;-2in; 'J' Farwell, Mich. Ohio Poultry Journal, Dayton, Ohio. A live, progressive, up-to-date Magazine. It teaches how to make poultry pay. It teaches how to breed prize winners. 50c. a Year. Sample Copies 5o. 12tf 2 1 Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the bast Agricultural News. $1.00 a year. Address, CONNECTICUT FARMER. Hartford, Conn. S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railway, Perrine Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. i^tf Root's Plain Sections '"^ Fences. Many bee-keepers now using the 4^x4:^'. inch bee- way sections in Dovetailed hives want to try Root's plain sections and fences, but do not like to have any other size than the 4^x4^. For such we recommend the hive shown in tlie illustration herewith. These hives are fully described in our catalog and shown in fig. 303. We have sold more of these than Root's AE64P I 8 Hive. ^^^7 other style the past season. These hives may be ordered of any of the following dealers: The A. I. Root Co., 1024 Missippi St., St. Paul, Minn. The A. I. Root Co., Mechanic Falls, Maine. The A. I. Root Co., 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. Geo. W. York & Co., 118 Michigan Street, Chicago, 111. Walter S. Pouder, 512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Ind. C. H. W. Weber, 2146 Central Ave., Cincinnati Ohio. BuELL Lamberson, 180 Front Street, Portland, Oregon. VicKERY Bros., Evansville, Ind. Jos. Nysewander, Des Moines, la. W. W. Cary, Lyonsville; Mass. M. H. Hunt & Sox, Bell Branch, Mich. Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich. John Nebel & Son, High Hill, Mo. A. F. Mc Adams, Columbus Grove, O. Prothero & Arnold, DuBois, Pa. John H. Back & Son, 235 West Third North St., Salt Lake City, Utah, or THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. Special Offer We want every fruit grower to get acquainted with the best horticultural paper in the country, and make this unequalled offer: For only $1. we will send to any part of the United States, all charges prepaid, The Strawberry Cultur- Ist, I year; 6 NewYork, 25 Excelsior, 25 Johnson's Early, 25 Sample, 25 Nick Ohmer STRAWBERRY PLANTS — a fine collection. We guarantee these plants true to name and reach you in first- class condition. Send now, don't wait. The Strawberry Gulturist, Box A. Salisbury, Md. 'I'here are larger bee papers than ours. Diamonds and coal are the same, chemically. SEND FOR SAMPLE of " The Tippecanoe Farmer," published semi-monthly, only 25c per year. the The best farm paper for money published. Address The Tippecanoe Farmer Co., Lafayette, Ind. The Weekly Wisconsin Six Months' Trial 25c. Every subscriber under this ofTer may receive, post-paid, " The Evening Wisconsin HANDY DICTIONARY," a neat book of 2i8 pages, which, besides the dictionary of 200 pages, also contains the homestead laws of all the states, the postal laws, brief cooking recipes, and other useful infor- mation for the family. This book alone is worth the money. Address: The Weekly Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis. 2-4t Advertising Rulers, Yardsticks, Thermometers. The American Manufacturing Concern, Jamestown, N.Y. INGUBAO^ORB "S 2 « •«3 § CO •a o 0) "^ cj " S ^ Ol s — have been on the market now for several years, but a great many people who raise poultry or would like to be in the poultry business, hesitate to invest in an incubator on account of the many conflicting reports concerning them. One person will recommend a certain machine while another will condemn it. Often it is not the fault of the machine, but failure comes through inattention or ignorance on the part of the person run- ning it. Of course there are a great many incubators that are next to useless, and most of them are a long way from perfec- tion. WE BELEIVE that our New C. Von Culin Incubator is the most perfect machine possible to manufacture. It em- braces all the most valuable ideas of the most experienced poultrymen and is scientifically and substantially constructed. Our machine is not an experiment; it has been thoroughly tested for more than two years with the most satisfactory suc- cess. Ours is a hot air machine, the only successful method of heating. They are furnished complete, with egg tester, thermometer etc., all ready to begin work. We will send Illustrated Catalogue on application. We also make INGUBAll^ORB Owing to the lateness in the season and the fact that we have quite a stock on hand, we are now offering a special dis- count, making the prices less than wholesale. Write for them. We guarantee our goods to be satisfactory; if not no pay is required. Read a few of the TESTIMONIALS. You will find money order for incubator which I had on trial. I am perfectly satisfied with same. WM. C. ROBINSON. So. Glens Falls, N.Y., April 3, 1900. I have as good chicks as were ever taken out of an incubator, and I am well satisfied with the results. I never saw one that worked more perfectly and kept up heat better in cold and changeable weather than you^* machine does. It does everything you claim it will do. THEODORE GROSSMAN, Muncie, Ind., April 2, 1900. I am satisfied you have the best on the market. The chicks I took out of last hatch * * * were the best chicks I ever have seen and now they are four weeks old. I have not had a sick one in. the lot. The chicken men who have been here — and lots come — say they never saw better chicks. * * * It surprises them to see how little oil I have to burn to get out a hatch. The will use five times the oil. JOHN A. GOODWIN. Akron, Ohio, April 3, 1900. Have tried your new 250 egg incubator again and am not sorry, for I only had sixteen eggs left in the trays that did not hatch. CHAS. A. PERKINS. Wethersfield, Conn., March 12, 1900. Will say that the New C. Von Culin requires less attention than any incubator I ever saw and burns less oil. A. C. WHITTIER. Monmouth, Maine, March 27. 1900. I expect to send for two or three brooders next week * * * The best hatch I have heard of in this section was made in a New C. Von Culin, 200 egg size; the next best 89 out of 260 eggs in S ; the P , two hatches, no chicks; the A , 800 eggs, 200 chicks; the R , 200 eggs, 50 chicks; E , 200 eggs, 54; next, 25 chicks. D. H. HIGGINSON. Watkins, N.Y., April 5, 1900. Our machine hatched and we are well pleased with it. M. G. LINCOLN. East Norton, Mass., April 9, 1900. Have two New C. Von Culin incubators in operation; both prove satisfactory and have hatched splendidly. JOHN C. SPRINGER. South Swansea, Mass., April 11, 1900. I have one of your incubators * * it is a good one. I am but too pleased to recommend them. F. A. GRAVES. Hecla Works, N.Y., Feb. 21, 1900. THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO., INCUBATOR DEPARTMENT.) JAMESTOWN, N . Y . Be Our Agent and Make Money Little trouble, no work, and good remuneration. Send us ten two-cent stamps to pay postage and we will send you The Woman's Magazine a whole year FREE. , . Our only condition being that you send us the names and addresses of ten of your lady friends who might become an agent or sub- scriber to Che best woman's magazine published. We will mail you our "Easy Agent's Outfit." $10.00 per oay a small average 100,000 paid circu- lation now. ''HE Woman's Magazine contains each month two serials- two short stories—" Other Women," an interesting page written by one of the brightest writers in the land. Departments treating on all home matters, including "Personal Talks with Girls " Womao's Magazine, 112 Fearborn St.,CIiica^a When you Set Hens if you want the eggs to hatch, the chickens to grow and do well, use plenty of Lam- bert's Death to Lice Powder on them. Put it in the nest, on the hen, and any- where you want to; it injures nothing but vermin. Trial size 10 cents, postpaid. A (!4 page Poultry Book and ".How to Set a Hen," mailed free. D. J. LAMBERT, Apponaug, R. I. 3-6t Box 900. To Repair Broken Arti- cles use Remember MAJOR'S RUBBER CEMENT, MAJOR'S LEATHER CEMENT $16 15 Warranted High Grade We Dare to Describe AH Our Sewing Macliines, I a thing that dealers in ciieap rattle-traps dare not do. We sell you a higii-grade machine at less than half factory ' list, calculating that each machine put into a home will sell many others for us without great expense. This ma- chine—Corolla No. 4— is constructed of the best material in use, every bearing being of steel or case-hardened. The woodwork is of best (piality. eitlier Li^lit Antique or GoM- en Oak finish. The motion is easy and light. It does not vibrate. It is a lock-stitch shuttle. The operation of the feed mecliani-;m is positive, giving an accurate 4-niotion movement to the feed without the u.se of springs. It has a self-lubricating needle-bar, whicli is always kept clean, well oiled, and the oil cannot drop on the work. The needle is absolutely self-setting. There is but one hole to thread through— lh(! npcillo's oye. It is thoroughly inspected and tested before leaving tlii' factory, and is strongly crated, each being accompanied by the factory warranty for 10 years. Accessories and .Mtachmonts complete free. TERMS: .$4.00 casli with or- der; balance C. O. D At our remarkably close price this ma- chine (usually sold at !p2.") to$35) will sell itself at sight. Your friends need but to see it to buy it. Customer.s may retain$l .00 from every cash order thov send ns (reniittinsr .$15,75 net). F.E.ENCELL & CO., :i:iO Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. In answer to n\nuerous requests the above machine will be shipped to readers of this paper abso- lutely free for examination and approval. We pay all freight charges. Upon oxaminution if found perfectly satisfactory pay the freight agent the price as advertised, nO more. K o o Vol. X MAY, 1900 No. 5 ANNUAL ADDRESS. I Delivered by President W. F. Marks, before the N. Y. S. A. B. K. S., at Geneva, N.Y., Jan. 10, 1900. FELLOW members of the New York State As- so' n of Bee-keepers' Societies :-I will ask your forbearance for a few miniites while I bring to your notice the result of our labors, as an or- ganization, since our last meeting, and briefly call your attention to other matters requiring your future attention. In the first place, the aid prom- ised you last year by the director of Farmers' Institutes towards inaugurating a series of bee- keepers' institutes, has been faithfully carried out by the director, Mr. P. E. Dawley; it is for you to say whether these institutes have been in- teresting and instructive, and if it is your desire to have them continued in the future. At your last meeting you demanded the enact- ment by the legislature of a new foul brood law, similar to the Wisconsin law. Such a law was passed as most of you know, and is chapter 223, Laws of 1899. Two bee-inspectors have been ap- pointed under the law: Messrs. N. D. West arid Mortimer Stevens. New questions in relation to the diseased brood have, however, arisen that should receive your thoughtful consideration; as well as the thoughtful consideration of all bee- keepers. According to reliable reports a bee-mal- ad}- of some kind is epidemic in Schoharie County and vicinity. I have no doubt myself but that our Commissioner of Agriculture, through his agents, will take energetic measures to suppress the mala- dy when they become satisfied what it is, and how to handle it; at the same time you should con- sider the matter; it is a matter that will require tact and discretion, and whatever else you may do, perhaps it would also be advisable to name a standing committee on contagious diseases among bees, whose duty it shall be to investigate and study this question, with power to act, or to report at any special or annual meeting, as occasion may demand. It is important that this Association keeps informed in all such matters, in order that it may act intelligently and for the best when cir- cumstances require it. Again, I say, give this matter due consideration. As most of you know, an attempt was made at the last session of the legislature to repeal our spraying law. Chapter 325, Laws of 1898; which fact stands us in hand to be on the alert. I un- derstand petitions were circulated by the oppos- ition and forwarded to the legislature from cer- tain localities in Niagara County, asking for such repeal. If the occasion should arise again it may be necessary for you to circulate counter petitions. I trust you will, one and all, hold yourselves in readiness for any work that is liable to be forced upon us in order to retain this law. I believe there is an old saying that "anything worth having is worth fighting for." We have an excellent spray- ing law; if necessary, let us fight for it. We are backed by the best and largest fruit growers in the state; you must not expect your allies to do all the fighting for you. Let us take our pet, the bee, as a model. In the words of the poet: The bee's a warrior bold, and never saw Foe. wlio could make her from the field withdraw; In single combat, or in army figlit, No bee has ever shown the feather white — Ready, aye ready, any tims to rally. And at a moment's notice forth to sally. The bee's a model citizen — ease, food. Life, all is yielded to the public good; No individual interests weigh a grain Where there are public interests to maintain. Again, I repeat, let us imitate the bee. I would respectfully call your attention to sec- tion 2 of the proposed new constitution of the National Bee-keepers' Association, which reads as follows: "Whenever a local bee-keepers' associ- ation shall decide to unite with this Association as a body, it will be received upon payment by the local secretary of fifty cents per member per an- num; provided that the local association member- ship dues are at least one dollar." This is a step in the right direction, and if adopted should not only encourage the organizationof local societies, as it would admit members of such societies to membership in the National Association at one- half the regular price, but would, I believe, lead to 82 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER May a better and more practical national organization. Keep your eye on the new National Association aiKl prepare to take advantage of this provision of the constitution. Tliero is another subject to which I will briefly i-all your attention: it is an important one. 1 refer to the disposal of the products of our api- aries and farms. No farmer or bee-keeper under our obsolete method of trade is receiving full value for their products. Just let us stop and tliink, for a minute. What other class of products is there, the bulk of which must pass through the liands of commission men before reaching the fonsumer? Wliere are there any successful man- ufacturers who are disposing of their goods through the commission house ? Our products, through the prevailing method of sale, is at the mercy of the most unscrupulous commission man. It is the commission man who sells the lowest who does the business, and who establishes the price of our products. The honest com- mission man; the one who would get full value, is not in it. He, too. is at the mercy of the most unscrupulous member of the craft; and we are no better than their slaves. I want you to understand me, and I will repeat; it is the com- mission man who sells the lowest who estab- lishes the price. Right here I imagine that .someone will bring forward that old gag, "the dealer, if he buys for cash, must buy cheap." Does not the argument, when analyzed, sustain my position ? Of course he must; because he must compete witli that unscrupulous commission man; a man who is loaded up with produce that did not cost him one cent; not even the freight. Stop selling through the commission man and then see what the dealers who will buy for cash will pay. If they cannot get our goods on commission they must pay cash. Having money invested in it, then and not till then, will they try and sustain prices. Last fall a friend, a person who buys thousands of dollars' worth of goods through commission houses every year, told me — and he had just returned from New York City— that he was offered fine choice apples by the commission houses at ^il.OO j>er bbl.; and that very day cold storage dealers were paying $2.25 cash per bbl., and taking all they could get at our station, to my certain knowledge. Someone will say, did they not have to compete witli the commission houses? Of course they would if they sold at tliat time; and it is plainly to be seen tliat they could not have paid very much. But they hold their ap- ples until the commission houses can get no more, then they enter the market. Had the commission houses been unable to get apples on commission at any time, would they have been selling at Jsi.OO ? It seems plain enough; and yet the same holds true in every other product. I have asked many city dealers of wliom they purchased their farm pro- duce, and they invariably said, through commis- sion houses, and gave for their reason that they could in that way buy cheaper than of the farmer; and I remember one instance in particular, where the dealer with a knowing wink and laughing, said, he would rather let the commission men settle with the farmer, and then his conscience would be clear. I have seen it stated, and I believe with good reason, that the securing of a crop was only one-half the labor or cost. This is true in all industries. I have many times wondered why the time at our farmers' institutes was not divided equally between How to produce and How to sell. I tell you, gentlemen, we must adopt different methods of disposing of our pro- ducts. It will take years to bring this about, and the agitation of the question cannot begin too soon. But there is one thing can and sliould be donCi at once. Commission houses, handling as they do, millions of dollars of other people's money, should be put under state and national supervision, the same as banking; why not? Do not forget to save your fancy honey for the Pan-American exposition in 1!)01, it is important that this state make a creditable exhibit. In conclusion let me again urge each of you to lose no opportunity to strengthen your own and to encourage the organization of other bee-keepers' societies, until we have one such society in nearly every county in the state. Take interest and pride in your pursuit, and let us make the New York State Association of Bee-keepers' Societies a model organization in every respect. I thank you for your attention. QUEEN REARING. An Expert Minutely Details His Methods of Conditioning Colonies for the Work — Other Valuable Suggestions. BY W. H. PHIDGEN. IN THEIR wild or primitive state, as well as when kept as our forefathers did, nature aids bees in propag'ating and perpetuating themselves by the law of " the survival of the fittest " to a great extent. Not only by causing the inferior to succumb in times of scarcity and the vigorous to predominate, until there is but little difference in size, color, dispo- sition, hardiness or business qualities among those in the same territory; but it is seldom that a queen is reared by such except under the most favorable conditions. Like everything else, they make mistakes in swarming too much and too late at times and have to suc- cumb because the anticipated flow is not realized, and oven an unfortunate posi- 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 83 tion of the cluster during a prolonged cold spell may turn the scales against an otherwise fortunate colony by causing a loss of a large per cent, of its force ; but usually the difference can be accounted for by other conditions rather than varying qualities of the queens or bees themselves. Left to themselves to survive if they can, they become in time adapted to their environments, and give the best results where the management is on the let alone plan. Unless one studies the traits of the different races and manipu- lates them accordingly, the purchase of queens is a waste of time and money, and there is no better plan for such than to assist nature in supplying the very best queens from the colonies that have from actual service proven themselves to be the best adapted to their seasons, times of harvest and mode of manage- ment, "regardless of race, color or pre- vious condition of servitude." One who has studied the character- istics of the different races can judge somewhat of another's management by the race he prefers, or that gives the best results. Where they are manipulated a great deal, those easiest to handle are preferred and by a wise management may give the largest yields; for this reason some favor one and some another. Let each one experiment until he is fully persuaded which is best for him, and then use the natural oppor- tunities offered in assisting in "the sur- vival of the fittest," and thus offset the bad effect of preserving inferior colonies that would naturally succumb. For, when modern management is brought to bear, and different means are resort- ed to to preserve all colonies, the natural conditions are knocked out of joint, and the way opened for deterioration or improvement. By a judicious selection results can be attained in a short time, that nature alone might be years and years in ac- complishing; but even then they are too slow for one to go crazy over. In the hands of experts the swarming impulse may have been abated to some extent, which is yet to be proven. Usu- ally the failure to swarm can be attributed to other causes than the mode of raising queens. Unless this part of the work be properly done it may check swarming by failure to fur- nish queens or bees equal to the task. For several seasons there have been but few swarms in our apiary, being to some extent ushered from winter right into summer weather, which so forced vegetation in advance of the bees that but few colonies were sufficiently popu- lous to swarm before or at the beginning of the first flows, which were so heavy and sudden as to check swarming where preparations were not already in progress. With the return of favorable condi- tions for early breeding, followed by light and steady prolonged flows, the return of the old-time swarming impulse is anticipated ; and not an opportunity will be wasted in taking advantage of the circumstances to assist nature in doing better than she would unaided. Thwarting nature by weeding out the objectionable, to save cells from any that may chance to swarm, is not advisable; although any sealed or nearly ready to seal, cells may be reason- ably satisfactory, unless there has been a perceptible degeneration. As has been stated in previous articles it is hard to select a good queen in a single season, and a number that come up to our ideal standard in all appear- ances, should be worked at least one season for honay only, and then select from these to breed from. The professionals may bring about, to some extent, favorable conditions for breeding fair queens when they do not exist naturally, or take advantage of them when they do exist, and secure finerqueensthan many reared naturally; but by exercising the same care and with the same amount of labor the naturally reared ones are hard to beat; 84 THE AMEBIC AN I3EE-KEEPER May and those who want a few of the best cannot do better than take advantage of, or bring about swarming to secure them, and especially the inexperienced in queen rearing. As soon as the colony from which cells are desired is suffic- iently populous to protect it, give combs of sealed brood until the brood chamber is crowded with brood and bees, and feed a little each day if no honey is coming in. When this point is reached fill a hive body with full combs of brood from dilTerent colonies that can spare them, and place the body thus prepared over any strong colony, with a queen excluder between, for eight or ten days; then, just at night, lift it off and jjlace it on a bottom board and put on a cover until next morning, at which time put it on the breeders' hive without an ex- cluder between, and during the day examine the combs thus given, and remove every queen cell, if there beany present. Now feed liberally so as to have this set of combs filled as the bees hatch out, and in ten more days shake the bees from them and place them (the combs) over some other colony, to be used in forming nuclei later on. Now drop back to feeding a pint a day, and evidences of preparations for swarming will be present very quickly, or else there will be quite stubborn cases on hand. As it is less trouble to hive a swarm back than to be continually ex- amining the combs for the first sealed cells to" remove the queen, besides the good effect to follow the hiving of the swarm back, I would in this case clip the queen's wing and allow the swarm to return, except just or than if thc^ comb of larva; be given. \\hen thev show 86 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER May restlessness by crawling excitedly about the entrance, flying off a foot or two and returning, they are usually ready to accept cells. This condition can be hastened by shaking them from the combs either in front of or right iiito the hive. Creek, N. C, March 36, 1900. Bees Repel Tax Collectors. Selah Merrill, the American Consul at Jerusalem, in his report, published by the Bureau of Foreign Commerce of the Department of State, speaks interest- ingly on the subject of 'Bee Raising in Palestine." He says that the credit for the development of the industry by the introduction of improved modern appli- ances is due to a family named Balden- sperger, which went from Switzerland to Palestine, in 1849, settling at Artas, a village about seven miles from Jerusalem. Until 1883, however, very little was accomplished. In that year the Balden- spergers adopted the plan of transport- ing their bees from one locality to another, for the purpos(M)f securing the best results from the varieties of orange and lemon blossojus. They had suc- ceeded in establishing the industry on a paying basis, when tiie attention of the government was drawn to their work. and a tax was placed on each hive, which, by an ingenious construction of the tax collector, was made to make a separate hive out of each opening. In this way l'>0 hives in the apiary of the Haldeuspergers became 2,000, subject to taxation. In 1889 the Government secured a judgment against the Bal- denspergers, and their apiaries were advertised for sale; but when S(jld for something like Si. 50 a hive, the govern- ment was unable to deliver the goods, because whenever they attempted to touch the hives, the bees swarmed out and threatened the intruders. A com- promise was effected, the Haldeusper- gers paying one-half of the claim against them. It seems from the Consul's report that the difficulties of successful bee raising are, however, numerous, owing to the ravages of rats, lizards, moths, hornets and men. The last named are the most to be feared. The sheiks demand a percentage of the honey, and if it is not paid they destroy the hives and the bees. Something like ten per cent, of the crop is demanded as a tithe. These things, added to the taxation, make the success of the industry doubtful, and, at least, requiring patience, tact and perseverence. — Washington Post. Told by a Newspaper. A Bee Story. — Up in Lake County Billy Reed had several hives of bees. The other day a big swarm came from the hives of his neighbor, J. S. Dewey, and attacked his bees. There was a furious fight. Mr. Reed heard a great buzzing, and saw the unusual commo- tion around his hives and went to see what was the matter; but he soon wished he hadn't and was quite willing to watch the conflict from a distance. When it was all over, he gathered up dead bees by the hatful. He had man- aged to close the hives, but as many of the attacking bees had already got inside, the fight had gone on there just the same. Apparently, the bees had tried to make the conflict one of exter- mination on one side or the other ; but the attacking bees met with such furious resistance that such of them as were left finally flew away, carrying with them all of Reed's honey they could pack. Nearly all of Reed's bees were killed and a great deal of honey was taken. — Sau Francisco Examiner. One of the greatest secrets of success- ful honey production is that of having a great force of field workers during the lionev liarvest. — Review. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 87 The Boy in the Apiary. Beginners in bee-keeping appear to find greater pleasure in a search for the queen than in any other practice in the apiary. When a boy gets his first hive of bees and has mustered sufficient confidence and courage to open a hive and "find a queen,'' without assistance, he is very much inclined to regard him- self as well advanced in the modern art of apiculture. If he chances to see the veteran manipulating a hive, "he's looking for the queen," comes the soul-absorbing thought immediately, and he begins to scan the combs for this central object of his childish interest. If he gets his eyes upon her he will not fail to promptly acquaint all present with the fact , it not by some quick movement resulting in several stings and a good lesson for himself by a very emphatic "Oh, here she is ; ain't she a big fellow! " "HERE SHE IS!" Were it not for the fact that a few years hence all the responsibilities of thebee-keeping in- dustry will rest upon these young queen-hunters, we should not hesitate to classify them under the head of "Nuisances in the Apiary;" but we are, by reason of thatfact, bound to not only endure the nuisance (?) but to encourage the interest, that they may grow up familiar with general matters relating to the culti- vation of bees. Give the boy a colony of bees, and stimulate his interest in their care by allowing him the profits of his stock. WIRE-SCREEN SEPARATORS, ETC. Some Seasonable Suggestions in Re- gard to a New Disease— Milk Feeding. BY F. GBEIKEK. THERE are but few comb-honey producers at the present day who do not use separators in their supers. A strictly fancy article cannot be produced on a large scale without them ; the bee-keepers of America de- cided that point many years ago. It was also settled beyond a doubt (?) that the loss of honey occurring from dividing supers into so many small chambers, was insignificant; in fact, I have some- times thought that there was an actual gain in "finished honey." In an open super more combs would often be start- ed than in one with separators, but none would be finished, while in the latter 88 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER May sometimes all that were started were linishcd. The use of queen-excludliif? metal was not as universal as now, and when a queen took' a notion to enter an open super, the whole of it was somer times filled with brood. In supers with separators seldom more than two or tiiree sections are spoiled with brood. ]iut then, I did not set out to enume- rate the advantages of the separator super over the open one but to speak of the separator itself. Competition has brought about such a state of alTairs that our comb-honey must now be strictly fancy as to finish : and it is thought that the freer the communication, other things being equal, the better the finish, of the product — the better the sections will be filled out. This seems to be the experi- ence of many of our best honey produ- cers. The fence Separator and the perforated separator are thought to accomplish the object most perfectly, and have already been adf)pted by many within the last two years. If our theory is right ; if it is true that the better the honey the freer the communication, the h^ss obstructive the separator ; then it would seem that a wire-screen separator, allowing the bees to pass through it, would accom])lish the object in a still higher degree. 1 have been afraid to use wire-screen for separators ; but it seems from the testi- mony I have that it answers very nicely and gives perfectly smooth comb- surface. Mr. N. N. Hetsinger. of Marcellus Falls, N. Y., exhibited a super with wire-screen separators (four mesiies per inch) in Geneva, last winter: a super lie has used successfully for a number of years. The separators were -SO arranged as to leave bee-space between the edges of the sections and the .separators ; a feature that is not found in the regular fence or cleated separator-super. If the Betsinger sep- arator ever needs cleaning — a thing it seldom does — it may be cleaned easily with concentrated Ivc, as it han"s loosely between the section holders like a frame in a rabbet. The cost probabl} is greater than that of any other sepa- rator, but they will outlast the wood. To the Bee-keeperfi of New York State : The new Ne\V York bee-disease is, as we had reason to suspect, not a new- disease. It is stated that it spread from nuclei that had been imported from the South, and so, of course, the disease must be there ; and it would be well to investigate the matter for the sake of the general good. But no matter as to this! We in New Y'ork have reason to be on our guard. Although the disease is not foul-brood, from what Inspectors West and Stephens and Prof. Benton say, it is just as destructive and ev overlook. The more this part is emphasized the better the success at- tending the new beginner in apiculture. [t is like the Englishman's acre of ground, which is well enriched, tilled and worked, producing more than three of the Yankee's acres which are gone over in a slipshod way. THE QUEEN FERTILIZINO HER EGGS AT WILL. I have read Chas. H. Peterson's article, found on pages 63-3, over several times, and I cannot help but think he has made a mistake somewhere. He tells about seeing his crippled cjueen lay "five or >ix eggs, while I was holding the frame, and in no case did she back into tiie cell to lay, but crawled directly over it and dropped the egg into the cell.'" This will do verv well while he was holding the comb in a horizontal position : but how could the egg droi* into the cells when the comb was in a perpendicular position, as they always are while in the hive. Queens can only deposit eggs even on the sides of the cells, when the combs are in tiicir natural position, through their backing into the cells enough so that at least the point of tlie abdomen is inserted, and unless his queen did this, the eggs in the cells which he saw could not be from ills crippled queen. The solving of this matter, to my mind, would be this : The bees knew that this jrippled queen was "no good," so they went about superseding her, raised a young queen, -^vhich deposited the eggs which he saw at the bottom of the cells, while the old one managed to deposit a few of her eggs on the sides of the cells. I had a case almost exactly like this a few years ago, and did not run across the young queen till I had looked into the hive three times, after finding eggs stuck on the sides of the cells. I saw these two queens on one occasion on the same comb, within an inch of each other, each doing egg laying the same as though the other was not there. 1 am glad Mr. Peterson gave his experi- ence, as all of these things are good to show the different things bees will do ; but I can hardly accept it as proof of that which he would have us believe, that the queen fertilizes her eggs at will. I am not saying that she may not do this, but I think it would not answer to base our belief that she does do so, on what Mr. Peterson saw. THE WESTERN BEE-KEEPER. I was very much pleased to note what was said about the demise of th<' Western Bee-keeper, page ii9. and that there was one bee paper that could say a good word about a bee- paper born of good intent, struggled a little while to make the bee- keeping world better, and then died from lack of support. Surely, those words of yours, Mr. Editor, "the recog- nition, good-will and charity of the es- tablished journals are due the honest efforts of any brother : and such courtesies cost the donor but little,"' were well chosen. May charity, rather than selfishness, be the rule among the whole bee fraternity I GRANULATED HONEY. I wish to say amen to all that is said on pages 70-71, regarding honey in its granulated form. If the bee-keepers of the land had tried as hard to educate consumers regarding the merits of i 93 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER May granulated honey as they did to put i»nly liquid honey before the public, the call for liquid honey would have been chanffed to tliut of j^ranulated honey, long ago. My customers, for the past five years, have all called for the gran- ulated article, nearly all of them pre- ferring to use it that way, while the convenience of carrying it home in a paper sack, or a box lined with paper, with no leaking or daubing of things with liquid honey, adds to the popular- ity of honey in its granulated form. That's right, Mr. editor, keep the ball a rolling ; educate by all honorable means, in print and elsewhere, and the ''perma- nent and profitable market for extracted honey" will soon be an assured fact. Borodino. N.Y.. April fi, 1900. At the regular meeting of the Wor- cester Market (Jardeners' Association, held recently in Worcester. Mass., "Bees"' was the chief topic discussed, and preliminary steps were taken toward effecting an organization througii which the gardeners and bee- keej)ers iniglit co-dperate in tlie future. The meeting was largely attended and a lively interest was taken in the (juestlons by many prominent horticul- turists, gardeners and l)ec-k('epers. To uny reader who will .send us five (5) new yearly subscribers for The American Bee-keeper, to- gether witli the $2.50 to ])ay for same, the editor will mail a nice untested Italian queen, without charge. These queens are sent di- rect from our apiaries in South Florida, and their safe arrival is guaranteed. George C. Scott, in 'American Bee Journal^ recommends the paint- ing of all small tools, etc., about the apiary, red. The bright color, he finds, will attract the eye, and much inconvenience and possible loss of these necessary implements is thereby avoided. PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE W. T. FALCONEK MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Editor. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies 85 cts ; H copies, f 1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada: 10 cents extra to aU countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, i) words; $2.00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven percent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, fcr six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the montli following. IS^ Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to Thk .\MERiCAX Bee-keeper, Falconer, N.Y. J=^ Articles for publication or letters exclusively for the editorial department, maybe addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. 'IW^ Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that tlieir subscription expires with this number. VVe hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. 'S-W~ A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. Reports to hand from all sources indicate a general good condition of bees this spring. Many are already reporting favorable prospects for a good season and "lots of honey.' According to the theories of several writers this report will seriously damage the honey market for 1900. We are sorry for the result (?) but that's the report. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 93 There are a few in our ranks who persistently seek to criticise the policy or management of contem- porary bee-journals and to vent their ill will toward some individual of the fraternity through The Ameri- can Bee-keeper. Vindictive personalities are of no interest to the public ; and under the present editorial management will not be given j^ublicity in these columns. A A beginner s question. subscribe!', who says he has just invested in a Doolittle feeder, enquires whether the bees will not be liable to build comb in it, should it chance to run short of feed. A feeder is designed only to sup- ply any deficiency in stores which may occur, or for stimulative pur- poses. When the object of its use has been accomplished it should be removed from the hive and frames of comb or foundation be inserted in its place. It would be possible to induce bees to use it, as suggested, only by a good flow from outside sources and intensely crowding the colony. There would be no oc- casion for having the feeder in the hive at the time when comb-building was being pursued with the vigor necessary to cause the bees to util- ize such a narrow space, separated from the othei" combs by walis, as it would be. ARRANGE.MENT OF COMBS IN THE BROOD CHAMBER. A long talk on the subject of se- lecting suitable combs for the brood nest would hardly prove of interest to the bee-keeper of ordinary expe- rience; yet, some observations of gross negligence in this respect lead us to believe that a few sug- gestions would not be altogether amiss. Worker bees are necessary to gather the honey crop, and they cannot be reared in drone combs. It is of the utmost importance that an ample supply of good worker comb is accessible for the use of the queen; and the time frequently wasted — to the absolute detriment of the colony — by the beginner, in "looking for the queen," might be profitably employed in arranging the brood combs to the best advan- tage, and otherwise assisting the development of an adequate force of workers for the harvest. If, for any reason, combs con- taining a quantity of drone cells are found in the brood nest, they should be placed at the outside, raised to the upper story or entirely removed fi"om the hive. The drone cells may be cut from such combs and pieces of worker comb neatly fitted in. It is not alone by the exclusion of drone comb from the brood-nest that the colony's wellbeing is ad- vanced, but by the exercise of careful thought in ascertaining the needs of the case in hand, and a practical application of that thought. A GOOD WORD FOR THE CARNIOLANS ONE ADVANTAGE OF THE CYPRIAN. The following extract from a letter dated April 9, 1900, from Mr. H. M. Jameson, Corona, Cal., reveals a possibility of utilizing to advantage the fiendish trait of the Cyprians. Mr. Jameson, with us. seems to have acquired the notion that Cyprians will sting. Sure they are not Syrians, Mr. H. ? How- ever, here is his new idea: Say, Mr. Hill, theCarniolan bee seern.s to do extra fine here. They breed up strong, and catch the orange bloom. They do not wait for warm weather, like the Italians. They even start their brood-nest in cool weather on the north side of the hive. We are to have a bad season again; but I am rather favorably located. I have mountain and valley range. Tlie orange now and alfalfa all 94 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER May summer. I do not look for much honey, but the bees are all right. I intend starting an out yard and, contrary to your advice, it will be stocked with "Cyps." I want them to stiny off t/ie thieves. Truly yours, H. M. Jameson. QUEENLESS — HOW TO KNOW IT. A number of our readers yet young in the business, have re- cently written us expressing the opinion that one or more of their colonies were queenless. In several instances the conclusions were based upon some exterior appear- ance, peculiar action of the bees, strange humming sounds, etc. Some of these have been answered pri- vately, as requested; and we here take occasion to assure every reader of The Aeerican Bee-keeper of our pleasure in being thus able to render any service of this kind, and trust that none will hesitate to ask our opinion or advice, when it is desired, upon any matter pertain- ing to bee-keeping. Upon this question of queenlessness, address- ing the younger members of the fraternity, to whom it appears a perplexing problem, we would say: Queenlessness may be easily and positively determined early in the season by an examination of the brood combs. If no eggs or larva? are present, it will be known that the colony is without a queen. When, however, a colony has been queenless a sufficient length of time for laying workers to have devel- oped, the presence of eggs and larvae in the combs does not indicate the presence of a queen. Some experience is essential in readily recognizing the work of a laying worker, though it is not at all dif- ficult to the practiced eye of the apiarist. Should the eggs be evenly laid and uniformly placed, one in the center of each cell, the larvae and capped brood in the several stages of development appear in a circular or oblong form upon the surface of the comb, no other evi- dence is required to establish the prosperous condition of the colony and proclaim the possession of a very desirable quality not shown by all queens. The one condition most difficult to determine by the inexperienced is that of a weak colony — one having an insufficient stock of bees to cover and care for a brood-nest proportionate to the laying capacity of the queen. In such a case several eggs are frequently laid in a cell, and the work, in general appearance, in the earlier stages, is not unlike that of a laying worker. In such an instance, how- ever, no eggs will be found in the drone cells, and the cappings will be found less convex than those. over the brood of a laying worker, from which only drones are devel- oped, whether the eggs are placed in worker or drone cells, though a preference for the latter is usually apparent. ADULTERATION IN THE EAST THE NEED OF PURE FOOD LAWS, BOTH STATE AND NATIONAL A WARNING. President E. R. Root, of the National Bee-keepers' Association, in his journal, Glecaiings in Bee- culture, for April 1, has the follow- ing editorial: The following extracts from a private letter from a bee-keeper who is well up in the honey business, and who under- stands thoroughly the buying and selling of honey, tells a rather sad state of af- fairs regarding the Eastern markets. Read it carefully, and then write your senators and representatives, urging them to support any national pure-food measure that may come before them. At the pure-food congress, which as- sembled during the fore part of Febru- ary, preparations were made to draft and present a bill, which will probably come up for consideration in both House and Senate in the near future. Do not 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 95 fail to write at once. The extract from the letter, omlting all names, is as follows : "Gentlemen : — The writer was in New York yesterday, and found the extract- ed honey market in very bad condition. Messrs. have 3,500 double cases in storage and $3,000 borrowed on the same. Messrs. have a big stock consigned, and Mr. has also a very good supply. It appears the National Biscuit Co. have not bought yet this year; when they do it generally makes a big hole in the market. There is a new enterprise started on the East Side, in which they are adulterating by the carload honey that will granulate in three days. It has the appearance of and tastes very much like honey; has about ten per cent, of the pure article in it. Twelve carloads have been turned out in the last sixty days. It sells for 5}4 cents per pound." The National Bee-keepers' Association is doing everything in its power to stem the tide of adulteration of honey; and we hope that, in the near future, it will present some interesting and startling facts. The condition of affairs, revealed in the extract above, should merit the careful consideration of every bee- keeper— especially those who have not joined the National Association, one of the objects of which is to make the mixing of glucose dangerous and un- profitable. Membership costs only a dollar, and one does not know how far that dollar will go when combined with other dollars from bee-keepers far and wide. The state of affairs as indicated above shows that extracted honey may be a glut on the Eastern market "this coming summer ; and if bee-keepers in that portion of the country are wise, they will turn their attention largely to the production of comb honey, which cannot now be bought in the open market for love or money. It is gone, absolutely; but pure, extracted honey is a glut in the same market, just because twelve car- loads of the adulterated stuff has been turned loose within the last sixty days, and which sells at 5^2 cents. I am placing this letter, giving the full facts, names and addresses before General Manager Secor, of the National Bee-keepers' Association, hoping that he may be able to do something to stop the lascals who are perpetrating this ^ wrong on the bee-keepers of the East. The injustice to honest producers resulting from such wholesale adul- teration, must be apparent to all, as it must also be that our plain duty is to stop it. It is not as if we had no representative organiza- tion to deal with such problems; in that case the matter would indeed be serious. We may congratulate ourselves on having an efficient association at this time; and its board and executive staff being composed of men eminently quali- fied to guard our interests with vigilance and tact, should be a source of satisfaction and con- fidence. The case rests with the producers themselves. Shall we ex-- terminate the offenders and reap the full rewards of our labor, or shall we indifferently permit the very foundation of our industry to be stealthily withdrawn by those en- gaged in the illegitimate practice of adulteration? H. M. Jameson, Corona, Cal. , uses a paint for hives made by mix- ing red ochre, kerosene and crude petroleum. Mr. Jameson finds the combination very satisfactory, and says the crude article may be had in his country for $1.50 a barrel. — American Bee Journal. Editor American Bee-keepek: I have four colonies of hybrid bees; they are rather cross. Last fall I packed the four in one large box, facing them toward the south-east. At this writing they have been out but three or four times; have plenty of honey, clean hives and very few died during the long winter. Yours, H. Haffneb. Leeper, Pa., Apr. 13, 1900. J. H. Martin, in Glemiings, says of bee paralysis in California : "There is evi- dently not so much as there was two years ago, and at the end of two more dry years there will not be a complaint." 90 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER May We are roquestod to advise onr readers that the 18!ii» edition of tlie "A B C of Bee Culture" is about exhausted, and anyone expecting to oi'derwill do well to wait for the 1900 edition which is under way. It is being thoroughly revised again this year and a great deal of pains will be taken with the whole book. It is likely to be Sept. 1st or later before the new edition will be ready, but orders may be entered at any time and the new book will be sent as soon as ready. Honey and Beeswax Market Report. Below we give the latest and most authentic re- port of the Honey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: WASHINGTON ttRADING RULES. Fancy. — All sections to be well filled, combs straight, ot even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed ex- cept the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. Tliat is, there will be "Fancy white," "No. 1, dark," etc. Boston April Ki.— Honey market very quiet. Stocks on hand very light yet fully equal to de- mand. Higli prices prevailing have had tendency to check consumption. Nominal price l.Sc. for fancy white, yet would be shaded if purchasers evince disposition to buy. No. 1, 14 @ Kic; extract- ed Sa for fancy white. No beeswax on hand. Blakk, Scott & Lee. Chicago, April 19.— Very little trade in honey of any kind, this is usual at this time of year and stocks are well reduced, so that for fancy white comb of the coming cro]) a good demand "should exist. .\ little choice has sold recently at Kic, but dark and mixed goods are slow of sale. Extracted white a @ ilc, amber 7 ^' 8c. , dark B fti "c, accord- ing to quality and package. All beeswax sells on arrival at 25c. dark @ 28c. yellow. R. A. Burnett & Co. Buffalo, N.Y., April 20.— Supply of honey is very light but demand is excellent for the season. Fancy white comb is very much wanted; advise cleaning all up before berry season; 16 ( (a, 8c. as grade. Demand for beeswax fair, supply light, fancy pure 28 g'j 30c., dark and poor 22 @ 2uc. Batteuson & Co. Detroit, Mich., April 17.— Demand good, supply short, especially of first-class article; price of comb 14 (9 17c. Supply of beeswax medium, market firm at 26 ® 28c. M. H. Hunt & Son. Kansas City, .Mo., .\pril IC— Market well clean- ed up on extracted and corah. Fair demand for comb at 13 (» l.ic, and for e.vtracted at .'> !^ (<> t\>/ie.. Supply of beeswax is light and demand is' good "at 23 Ca- 2(ic. J. p. Hamhlin & Co. Kansas City, .Mo., April 17.— Our market is almost cleaned up on comb honey, and the demand is good at 13(3, Lie; extracted (J ® ,Sc. Good de- mand for beeswax at 22 & 2.50., supply light. C. C. Clemens & Co. Some People take a Bath in the Wash Tub ; still others pay out 50 cents and upward per week for using a bath tub open to Tom, Dick and Harry; but anyone would take a bath oftener and enjoy it much more who had one of our Empire mah Bath Tubs. We described it fulh last month in this paper. Some people saw the point, and some are \<'l undecided — but the stock won't last forever at the price we arc offering them at "I*^ _ Perhaps you live in a town liaving water supply privileges, but you have no room in vour house to give up for a bath room. You can have this tub connected up with liot- and cold-water faucets, same as an ordinary bath tub. the fit- tings coming through the back of case, and, when not in use, it will only occupy 4 sq. feet of Floor Space. It's a beauty, perfectly balanced, per- fectly made, and a permanent improve- ment, and at the price is half given away. This opportunity will soon pass. Write to-day to The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. "HONEY LOVE" is a truly wondeiful queen bee. For two seasons | her colony has stored something over 200 boxes of ' beautifully finislied honey. They have never ', swarmed— they stick to the boxes up" to frost. This i spring they are building up with a rapidity that is amazingi Regardless jf winds they are out early and late. "Honey Love" is Italian- her bees are far from handsome, though— too dark to be pretty. This is her third year and we are anxious to rear as many daugliters as possible while she is yet in her prime. Do you want one at i?1.00? If the daughter you get should prove better than "Honey Love" we will buy her back at $2f>M to breed from another year. "lady fair " is the most beautiful gold- en Italian queen we could find anywhere. This we know for we have had samples of all strains. Do you want a daughter of this lovely creature for *I '! This stock is purely fancy— something to show ofT to your friends after June 1st. The SWARTHMORE ARIARIES. '^ swarthmore, pa 1.900 THE AMEBIC AN BEE-KEEPER 97 PETS AND ANIMALS Tliis splendid inuniul interests tlie wlicile family, especially llie cliildren, iiieludiiig tli<'Se 'of larger giuwtli" — all "whose heaits areiyouiig." It is issue 1 mdiithly; each number contains 'six tem lai>re pii^es, printed on fine ]iai>erand beautifully illustrateil. 'J liere are clever stories of animal life; of sagacity and faith- fulness little less than human, displayed by dnnil) cieatures. Instructive articles tell of quaint and lare animals. Valuable hints about the care and keeping of pets appear each month. Pets akd Animals is liki' no other publication. Its columns combine unique liter- ary features, gootl and wholesome fiction, scicntiticand instructive articles, interestin;; anecdotes practical sug- gestions. It teachestliat kindness, thoughtfuhiess and mercy extended a dum I) creature ennoble-- and liroadcns the mind of the person wlio performs the service. These Two Pictures Free To introduce Pets and Animals into new homes, we will send it one year for only 50 cents, and give abso- lutely free two animal i>ictures, shown here in minia- ture. Tliese are reproductions of the famous paintings, " Spoiling tlie Game," and "A Disgrace to the I'amily." Each picture is 10x18 inches in size, and reproduces all the colors of the original painting. Book stores sell such pictui-es for from 50 cents to §1.00 each. Remem- ber. Pets and Animals one year for only fifty cents, with both these pictures— 10x18 inches, in colors— abso- lutely free. This offer is goo(| for thirty days only. Get two (if your friends to subscribe. send us their names and $1.00. and you will receive our journal one year and the pictures witliout cost. A«>w. Writ j forcirculars, price and terms to agents. Address, Mention this Paper. THE EMPIRE WASHER CO., Jamestown. N.Y. ^ "^ LJ p I I f^ I Do you want some good pure nCL-l-\^. bred pQ(Ji_YRY? We can furnish you ECCS FOR HATCH- ING from line Wliite Wonder fowls. li. C. B. Leg- horns, B. P. Rocks, Partridge Cochins; S. L., Gold- en and Black VVyandottes, Toulouse Geese, Kouen Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want something good send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, wliich is free wh«n you mention this paper. Address, itf The Eureka Poultry Farm, Established 19 years. Hamburg, Wis. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S. TTATTT' V" ^ Non-sectarian Journal U IN ± 1 1 , of Keligion. The advocate of Inter-denominational comity and the sympathies of Universal Religion. The Organ of the Liberal Congress of Religion Publislied weekly, J2.00 per annum. Send for sample copies. Address Unity Publishing Co., 2tf 3939 Langley Avenue, Chicago JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY, THEIR AGREEMENTS AND DISAGREEMENTS. By Haljbi Isaac M. V\ ise, President Hebrew Union College; Rabbi Congrega- tion Children of Yeshuran; Editor of The American Israelite. A complete comparative study of the two relig- ions from a liberal standpoint, and addressed to laymen. Price one dollar, postage paid. 2-6 Leo Wise & Co., publishers, Cincinnati, O Free ! Don't Overlook It ! Sample copy of Agricultural and Livestock Herald. The best authority on Belgian Hares published. Also pertains to the agricultural and poultry inter- ests of the west. Finely illustiated. Address Agriculture Publishing Co., 2tf Denver, Colorado. HOMES WANTEDI Fuinilies, both Catholic and Pro- testant, willing to offer a good home to a boy or girl of any age from in- fancy to ten years and who will re- ceive the child as a member of the family and give it such care and training as will fit it for a life of self-support and usefulness, are in- vited to correspond with State Charities Aid Association, 105 E. 22d St., New York City. The EVANGELIST. 1830-1900. The Evangeli.st for 1900 will be stronger and more helpful than ever as a home paper of religi- ous thought and work. It has among its regular contributors: Rev. Dr. Henry M Field, Prof. Wm. Adams " Charles H Parkhurst, Brown, Theodore L Cuyler, Prof. John BeWitt, S M Hamilton, L).D.. " SB Rossiter, Mr. Robert E. Spear, " Herrick Johnson, Dr. Newell D wight T S Hamlin, Hillis. '■ Philip S Moxom, Mme. Zenaide Ragozin, A F Schauffler, Mrs. J. D. Burrell, " R S Holmes. Mrs. Susan Teall Perry, Mrs. Julia Keese Colles, Mrs. Cynthia Morgan St. John. Its Departments coverthe wants of every member of the family Studies in Old Testament Literature by the editor. A series of illustra*ed articles on Presby- terian Manses. A series of special articles on the Sunday School. A new serial by Mrs. Houghton. A series ot articles on the New Biblical Criticism, by Prof. John De Witt, D. D., LL. D., Princeton. A series of articles on the New Biblical Criticism, by the Rev. Joseph Hutcheson, Rector of the Church of the Epiphany, New York City. The College Department— Rev. C W E Chapin. The International Sunday School Lessons, with maps, charts and illustrations. Christian Endeavor, by Rev. H T McEwen, D. D. Church Music Depart- ment. The Camera— Lucile Wand. Household Department— Ruth Weatherby. Subscribe at Once- Price You are losing, every week that you delay. 13.00 a year, 52 numbers; ministers, $2.00. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. DIREO FROM PRODlCER^.^RctNpi*>?OBBERTt»CQNSUMiER EyERYTHINQ(sf)Fo»?afERifBODY y^KF ESTATE / . (ASSWEWUMOStT^i^^OSEVERyPllkfmSE piEAst MENTION js (jREAT OR SMALL ^ ■^"'* ''*'*'' WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. ENCLOSE 10 CTJ.TO HELP (»' POSTAGE Ever hear of the Empire Folding Bath Tub? Write to The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, NY. and learn the details. It's a great thing! 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 99 The Nebraska Farm Journal A monthly journal devoted to agricultural interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural pa- per in the west. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb. The MYSTIC WORKERS OF THE WORLD. Best and Cheapest Fraternal Insurance Order in the Country. Address, Edmund Jackson, 1-5 Supreme Sec'y, Fulton, III. The Southern Fruit and Vegetable Eeporter VG) reaches a majority of the best shippers in the South. No other publication reaches half as many shippers. An advertisement brings good results. Try one. J. E. SMITH, Publisher, . Monticello, Fla. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 1897. Circulation 5,000. Devoted exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Iskael, Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. BABY! Frances Sheldon Bolton's new book on the care of baby from birth. 150 pages, price 60 cents. Written by a mother to help young mothers. Or, The Mothers' Journal, f 1.00 per year, including the above book, "Baby," free. Send postal for sample copy of Journal. Itf Address, Mothers' Journal, New Haven, Ct. Established 1873. Price *2 per year. FLORIDA AGRICULTURIST. E. O. Painter & Co., publishers. Oldest Agricultural Journal in the state. 16 four- column pages. Extensive experimental grounds and a host of practical writers. DeLand, Fla. Itf THE ROYAL TEMPLARS. A beneficiary a.ssociation, its grade of payments. Scientific and safe. Both sexes received in i)erfcct equality. You get just what you pay for, and only pay for what you get. Organized 1870. Emergency fund maintained. Expense of management low. Claims paid without expense to beneficiary. Send for information. General office, Itf Masonic Building, Buffalo, N.Y. The MILK REPORTER Organ of the fluid milk trade of the United Stales. Scientific, special and general features of the trade. Everyone engaged in the milk, creamery or producing trade should see every issue. Only Jl per year. A postal brings a sample copy; do not fail to see it. Address The Milk Reporter, Itf Deckerstown, N. J. TeQ ficre parm. We will give away a good ten acre farm to the person getting the largest number of subscribers for our paper between now and July 1, 1900. Send for terms to Tbe GAZETTE. Itf Laurel Hill, Florida. WESTERN FRUIT GROWER, ST. dOSEPH, MO. Should be read by every progressive farmer. Monthly, 50c. per year. Not connected with any nuisery. Two months' trial subscription free. Agents wanted. Address, Western Fruit Grower, Box C, St. Joseph, Mo. 1-6 The Southern parroer, Athens, Qa. The Leading Agricultural Journal of the South. No farmer, fruit grower, stock raiser, poultry- man. Dairyman or even housewife, can afford to be without this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on application. AdYcrtising rates reasonable n, "Just tell them that you saw if in The American Bee-keeper. 100 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER May £^g^w%%£^ ^ week brings to you I rlH^ '^"'^® Anierioan Fan- ^^^ill^ cier, couiliu'ted by J.H. DrevenstPiit, tlie Only Weekly Poultry Pancr in America. 10 to 2t papTOs every week. Th" liest writers write for it; the best breeders advertise in it. Subscriptioa $1 a year. Sample copies 5 cents. Address, American fancier, ....JOHNSTOWN. N.Y. Many Bohemians "^v^'-^^ J in tiie Hosp )dar, Omalia. Neb. Sample copies on appliciition. Iti IN TENNESSEE Tliere is only one Up-to-date journal published in the intercf-t of Agriculture and Manufacture. The West Tennessee Industrial Journal leads all others. A Monthly Industrial Journal with a growing circulation. Has now more than 5,000 readers. Subsci i)>tion price ."JO cts. a year, in advance. Advertising rates made known on ap- plication. Address, THE WEST TENNESSEE INDUSTRIAL JOURNAL, l-tt Paris, Tennessee. Home Forum Benefit Order. 56 Fifth Ave., Chicago. III. Assessment and Accident Insurance, lodge plan, for men and women. Assessment rates reasonable; Reserve Fund provided for. Solicitors wanted. Best terms to lirst-class organizers. P. L. McKlXNiE, President. Itf Frank Clendenin, Sec. ADVERTISE in the National Farm Journal if y"" want to reach the. people. 30 words 25 cents. Over 30 words M cent per word each insertion. 1-6 National Farm Journal, Shawneetown, 111. SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE. You get the best thought on this subject and its kindred branches in The Tri-state Farmer and Gardener. Send 10 cents for a trial six months' subscription. You will never regret it. TRI-STATE FARMER AND GARDENER, Chattanooga, Tenn. The Farmers' Institute, published at Mason City, Iowa, is the only farm paper between Des Aloines and St. Paul, over 300 miles, in the heart of best section of the west. Everybody prosperous. L. L. Klinefeltek, Publisher. THE RURALIST- ^.^^^^^[i^-VnL'r^ ested in our reports of extensive variety tests. Every Bee-keeper will be interested in the Bee and Honey Department, edited by J. O. Grimsley. Every Gardener will be interested and instructed by the writing of a remarkably successful gardener, Henry Snyder. Everyone who thinks of moving south wants a truthful description of Maryland and you can get this here, from disinterested writers. Send ten cents for a year's trial subscription and you won't want to do without it. Address, THE KUllALIST, Gluckheim, Dorchester Co., Maryland. We Give 'em Awaj ! To every new subscriber to The New England Fancier, SOc. a year, will give a year's subscription to any one of the following papers : The American Bee-keeper, Poultry Monthly, Reliable Poultry Journal, Poultry Keeper, Southern Poultry Jourpal Ohio Poultry Journal, A Few Hens, Fanciers' Review. Fancy Fowls, or any otter SOc. paper in the United States. Sample copy free. Address, NEW ENGLAND FANCIER, Yarmouthport, Mass. Every Reader I.:^)!!. tTnlXii^t free sample of The Practical Poultryrnan if he will send name ana auaress on a imbiul. This is to get you interested in one of tlie best pcmitry journals published, with the expectation that you will send 50 cents for a year's subscription if you find the paper just what we say it is— a live, hust- ling, practical, reliable, semi-monthly journal. You need the paper; we want your support. Try it. Address, Practical Poultryrnan, Whitney's Point, N.Y. Send 25 cents to The Missouri Valley Farmer. Kansas City, Mo. and receive for six months the leading farm and stock weekly of the west. Stamps accepted. Itf "P A sample copy of the I PYplQ Texas stockman and I U Alio Farmer, published at San Antonio, Texas, will be mailed free to any address. It will tell you all about Texas. 1-13 ALL ABOUT THE WEST. Western lands. Western Farms, methods, etc. Send 10 cents for three months trial subscription to Itf The Rural Home, Lawrence, Kansas. When writing to advertisers say: "I saw your adv't in The American Bee-keeper," UrgestandMostCompleteBugcy[actory on Earth Write for Prices AND ^Catalogue Our Goods Are The Best--^ Our Price the lowest Parry Mfg. (a* '"^'^'"'p°''^ WADU^ of UAIUir We want refined ladies and HUnlV dl nUniLi. gentlemen to work tor us at home. Recreation for the wealthy; profitable em- ployment for all. Also agents; $ti to $20 a week. Full particulars for two-cent stamp. 4-7t The Nickellet Co.. Lynn, Mass. Although the Farmers' Institute RllllPtin ^^ published at $1.00 L/UiivjLiil pgj. year, for a limited time the proprietors of that great Agricultural Quarterly will send the paper for Five Years for $1-00 providing you will name this paper when you send in the $1.00. This is a splendid opportunity to get the choicest of agricultural papers at a nominal price. Farmers' Institute Bulletin, 4 tf Fayetteville, N.Y. NEVER NEGLECT A COLD OR COUGH Ni'ulecL a Cold or Couu'h and if La Cirippe don't iif t, you, r ing, Gaining, Scroll - rf C \\--u Sawing, Edge Mold- i.-^si ing. Beading, etc. *"""// '~V/^ Full line foot and ''3^' HAXD POWER Ma- '.iSS>:~ chinery. Send for Catalogue A. SENECA FALLS MFG. CO., 1-12 45 Water St., Seneca Falls, N.Y. s u R E is making hundreds of TT sober and industrious men every month. It '-' is not injurious, a pure- ly vegetable compound, TD and is easily given for some other little ail- ■'•'• ment, thereby effecting the cure of the liquor fp habit disease without their knowledge of it ^ being done. Hundreds are being cured in this manner that never could have been induced to take medicine. We guar- antee cure. Prices are reasonable. Trial size *1, full treatment $5. Editor of American Farmer Magazine, Chicago, 111.: "I know that it has cured many who have taken it." Address: Surecure Remedy Y 1^8 E. Monroe'St., Company, lyr Chicago, 111. DRINK H A B I T cured for 50 cents. SURE CURE REMEDY COMP'Y, Chicago, ill. If you wish to tell what you have to sell, An ad. in The A. B. K. wiU answer very well. BEE-KEEPERS' ^^ I J r^ r^ I I r^ ^^* we have a large stock of all Kinds. If you ever had any of our make you know that our HIVES, FRAMES, FALCON SECTIONS and SUPPLIES 4^ 4^ 4^ are unexcelled in quality and workmanship. We have a large stock of goods on hand and CAN SHIP PROMPTLY; but we advise ordering early so as to have goods ready to use when wanted. We will send our large Illustrated Catalogue free — it con- tains all the prices. -^ 0^ -^ Have you seen our Improved Process Foundation? Made by an entirely new method; no heating of wax — except for purposes of cleansing — no dipping, but the foundation comes out clear and uniform, equal if not superior to any manufactured. We make EXTRACTORS, SMOKERS etc. and have a large stock. If you have no Catalogue send fori one right away. Address: The W.T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Jamestown, N.Y. TH' YANKEE TRADER, 15 Court Square, Boston, Mass., U. S. A. America's Greatest ♦ Exchange Medium. ♦ What have you to sell or trade ? We advertise it free. The Trader is devoted exclusively to establishing the wants and possessions of the people, and circulates extensively in every state in the Union. On receipt of 10c. we will send a sample copy with coupon, entitl- ing you to a free exchange notice. PUBLISHED MONTHLY, 10c. a copy, $1.00 a year. Yankee Trader Publishing Co,, 15 Court Square, Boston, Mass. One Year 10c. The Poultr 3« Box 218, If you are not a subscribar *« The Poultry Industry, '^""t^X silver, and get this vigorous up-to-date poultry journal one whole year. Every copy is worth the year's subscription price. y Industry, Gouverneur, N.Y. Early Queens! Earlier Queens ! ! Earliest Queens !!! Our strain of Italian Queens we believe to be unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our location being farther south than that of any other breeder in the United States we can ship queens any day in the year. No disease. Warranted Queens $1. six for *5, or $9 per dozen. Safe arrival guaranteed. Southern Bee Company, H. E. HILL, Manager. • Fort Pierce, Indian River, 4tt Florida. How to Earn Flower Seeds and Bulbs. We are supplying first-class seeds and bulbs to numerous flower lovers all over the United States in exchange for work tliey do for us. V\e send a box of our popular flower seeds, 101) packets, over fifty varieties, strictly fresh and pure, which you sell on commission. We also offer you, if you sell seeds for us. a chance to earn a good supply of tuberose and gladiolus bulbs for writing a few letters. L. H. CO BB & CO., ■Ml Perry, Okla. The largest and finest stock of CARNIOLANS in America. More imported Ca'niolan Queens on hand than can be found in all other American apiaries combined. Send for circular. RALPH BE.\TON, "The Carniolan Apiaries," 1801 Harewood Avenue, Washington, D. C. Send for list of 100 standard volumes in Handsome Library Binding. Every annual subscriber for the International Magazine, ^ ^ may have one of these fine books for 20 cents, to cover packing, postage etc. Sample copies of the magazine, 10 cents each. A. T. H. BROVVER, Pu ilisher, Itf 358 Dearborn 1 1., Chicago, 111. BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. This cut represents our Combined Machine, which is the best liiachine made for use in the construction of Hives, Sections, Boxes, etc. Sent on trial. Send for Cata- logue and Price List. 5^ W. F. & John Barnes Co., 913 Ruby St., Rockford, 111. Please mention American Bee-keeper. Poultry, Bees and Fruit is a combination that has been a success with our most prosperous farmers. It is also a monthly journal devoted exclusively to these industries at 35 cents a year. You can get it For 15 cents a Year for a short time to introduce it. Better send stamps to-day and get it for a year. Advertising rates low. .\ddress: 4tf POUITRY, BEES AND FRUIT, Davenport, la. SHINE! The Empire Washer Company, Jamestown, N.Y. makeaSh^ne Cabinet, furnished with foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe rubber— in fact, all articles and materials needed to keep shoes looking their best— and as it is made to be fastened to the wall of toilet room or kitchen, it does away with the vexatious searching after these articles which is altogether too common. A postal will bring you details of this and other good things. I pm!!i!iiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiinmii!imiiiii!iiiiiiiiimmiiiii»iiimni!i!iiiii!miniiii»i'i"ii'i''''"'"""^ The Lamp of Steady Habits The lamp that doesn't flare up or smoke, or cause you to use bad language ; the lamp that looks good when you (^et it and stays good; the lamp that ^you never willingly part with, once you have it; thats tU Hew Rochester, Other lamps may be offered you as " just as good " — they may be, in some respects, but for all around goodness, there's only one. To make sure the lamp offered you is genuuie, look for the name on it; every Wew Rochester lamp has it. We make oil stoves too, just as good as the lamps; in fact, anything in oil or gas fixtures. Tnb Rochester Lamp Co., _ 38 Park Place and 33 Barclay St., New York. l"^'"^"'^TEit | iiiniiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiii]iiiiiiiiwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimHiiiiiiiiiiiii»itiamuiilljliafi aiu MONTROSE BIGYGLEHnIFREE onapprovaltoyouraildress WITHOUT A CENT IN ADVANCE. SEND us YOUR OI?Of#?, sta.e whether you wish ladv-s or man's wheel; (rivecolor. height of frame and gear wanted and WE WILL SHIP TIIE WiIEEL U. O. D. on approval, allowing you to uncrate and ex- amine it luily before you accept it. ]f It is not all ar.d more than we claim for it, and a better wheel than you can pet for any where near the price from any one el-e. refuse it and we will pay all exprets charfjes ourselves. The "MONTROSE" Bicycte ^^ A> cq at our Special Ag'ent's sample price of *^ | Ij'^^^^ is the ,'reatest Ijar^rain in a bicycle ever offered. We guarantee it equal ti any . HI whcil .III the market, and you need rot accei)t it rur pay a cent II .1 1,11 do not liiul It as we represent. We are EXCLl'SIVE BICYCLE 3IA>l'FACTl KKliS and take tliis method of quickly Introducing our 1900 MOWELS. This oiler of a sample wheel at this low price is made to secure a RID ER A G EN T in each town to represent us and take orders. Our agents make nioiioy fast. CBCf ICinATIflNQ Frame, L2, 24 or 26 inch; ladies, £2 inch. Best drCWiiriWil I lUllwi Shelby seamless tubing with forged connec- tions. Hush joints, improved e.\pander device to fasten seat po:;t and liandle bar; Koyal Arch crown; the celebrated Mnvis hubsand hanger— tlie easiest running known; Kecord "A" tires, the Inst ar.d one of the most expensive tires on the market. The genuine $4 McNineer Jlys^ciiic saddle; pedals, tools and accessories the best obtainable. Knauieledln iilaik, maroon or coach green, highly finished and ornamented; special 1 nickeling on all bright parts. We thoroughly test every piece FBEE al that goes into this machine. Our binding year's guav bond with each bic.vcle. to any one sending the $16.60 cash in full with order we will send free a genuine Burdiek 10,000 mile barrel pattern cyclo- or a high grade floor pump. Your money all back if you are not tly satislic-d. PIIEAD WUFFI Q ^® *^*' "O* manufacture the cheap depart- WflCMr ffinkkLdi ment store kind of wheels, such as many new concerns and big supply bouses ach crtise and sell as high grade. We can furnish them, ho>«:ver, at$j to ?7 stri))ped; or .'ii.T.'i to *12.ri0 complete. We do not guarantee nor recom- meiiU them. BEF<6RE EUI?iCt a bicycle of anyone else, no matter who or how cheap, write iim and let us tell you how much we can save you on the same machine. Ifvou IIUASI C 4a DIIV awheel we c.nn a-sist v. uto EAUN A BICYCLE bydis- aro UNflDLb TO DUI trilnitingrataloi-ucsloi-nsa fewdavR. We need one person In each town for this puriKise, We lia\ e several lunidnd SECOND HANI* WHEELS taken in trade which wo willckv:o out at ijiS to laio each; ;il o some shopworn sanipk'S ar.d 'W iiiodils verv cheap. Send for Bargain List. Ot'U KK1>3 .MJlLl'l" Y is un.iucslioncd. We refer to anv bank or business house in Chicago, or any express or railroad coi 11 iiaiiy. We will send you let I its of reference direct from the la'rest banks in Chicago if you wish it. QPlin VnilD nDnCD loJnv. Hus low price and these opecialtemis of shipment without deposit wiU OCnU lUUn UnUEn be withdrawn very soon. E2^Give name of this paper. c/. £.. MEAD CYCLE COMPANY, Chicago, ni. WHEN YOU DROP A DOLLAR it is a good jilaii to look wliere it strikes that you may jiick it up again. \Vheii you invest a dollar for advertising space in Poultry Pointers, ul our special rate, it is just like diiippint; a dollar where you can pick up TWO. \\ rite at once for sample copy, siiecial rates and full )>;irtieulars to r^OULTliV l^OlNTiaiiS C:)ttir-,o. •■itr .' ZW, West Main Street. Ionia. Mich. W. M. Gerrish, East Nottingham, N. H., k«ops a complete supply of our goods, and eastern customers will save freight by ordering of him. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. The Self Culture' Magazine ($1.00 a. year) with The American Bee-keeper, $1.00 a year. Beeswax wanted iQIVEN We will pay 26 cents cash or 28! i Wf A \T cents in goods for good quality of /\ yy J\ \ Beeswax, freight paid to FALCON- -^ ■- » » -*^' * ER, N.Y. If you have any, ship itto us at once. [Prices subject to change without notice.] The W. T. Falconer Mfa:. Go. SWINE BEEEDERS' JOURNAL. 50 cents a year. Sample copy sect free. i2tf Indianapolis, Ind, fl3-6iaiiei! Sportsiaq's Knife wortu $l.!iO. This cut is one-half its size. Write at once and we will icUyouliowwedoit. Address The Amateur Sportsman, 27 N. PARK PLACE, NEW YORK. 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every NEW SUBSCRIBER sending $1.00 for the WEEKLY American Be© Journal forone year will receive a copy Of Newman's 100 page "B es and Honey" free. The old American Bee Journal is great this year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Journal free. Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. If you want to reach 12,000 Families Weekly in New England, use THE MAINE FARMER, Augusta, Maine. Only $1 00 a year. l2-4t r For papers, maps, MAT^fAlV Vq ^'^^^^ *^^ fig;uies, llUUUm, I a. i ^^nd to A Jeffers, ' [Norfolk, Va. 2-13 PROSPEROUS; PAINTERS USE PITKIN'S PilNT^*-- Ask your dealer or Geo. W. PitkiD Co , Fulton and Carpenter Sts., Station C, CHICAGO. BEE SUPPLIES from LEWIS I'hey are the finest. THOUSANDS OF BEE HIVES, MILLIONS OP SECTIONS. Ready for Prompt Shipment. G- B- LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., =====«,= U. S. A. Branch: G. B. LEWIS CO., I'J So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. A smsll Poultry Farm la Better than a Gold Mine iff ou know bow to ran the business. There's $ Millions $ in it, but nine out of ten fail In it because they do not know tb« secret of Success with r^^'K The Money in Hens. Do you know how to get it ? Our New Poultry Book will tell you how. It tells you all about poultry and explains why some (a few) succeed and others (ths many) fail. This invaluable Hook given Free as pre- ininm with our P'arm and Poultry paper WAYslDE til.EANINGS. S months for 10 cents. Address P B. WAY81UE PUBt,lSU£NU CO., CUntonville Conn. Our Horticultural Visitor published at Kinmundy, 111., should visit every fruitgrower. Have you seen a copy? Will send you a sample copy free, also description of a new winter pear. Send your name at once. ]2tf Buzzers, Bees and Wind- stackers. This journal treat of bees. The American Tlireshermaii treats of wiudstackeis and other thresher machinery as does no other journal. Up- to-date threshermen read "The Warmest Baby in the Bunch"— that's what they call us. Send for sample copy. Thk Amehigan Thuesheuman. Itf 2(1 Mcndota Block, Madison, Wis. BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long expenence. shoulii uave at least one good te.\t book upon the subject. The following are doubtless the very bfst works on bee-keeping. In ordering by mail be sure to add the amount of postage named: *^ ^ Postage Price, extra. ABCof Bee Culture (A.I. Rpot). cloth »1 00 20c. Bee-keepers' Guide (Prof. A. J. Cook) 1 00 15c. Langstroth on Honey Bee, rev. (Dadant) 1 10 15c. Quinby's New Bee-keeping (Quinby).. 140 10c. Thirty Years Among Bees (Alley) 48 2c. How to Manage Bees ( Vandruff) 25 5c Amateur Bee-keeper (Rouse) 2) 5c. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Jamestown, N.Y. Patent Wired Comb Foundation luis no Sag in BiooJ Frames. Thin Flat Bottom Foundation has no Fish-bone in S\irplus Honey. Being the cleanest is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation niuiie The talk about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish a Wired Foun- dation that is BKTTEii CHKAl'Eit and not half the trouble to use that it is to wire brood frames. Circulars and sainjiles free. J. VAN DEUSEN &, SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Montgomery County, Spkout Brook, N.Y. Please mention American Bee-keeper. Send for Sample of the Tippecanoe Farmer Published Semi-monthly. 25c. per year only. The best farm paper for the money ever published. The Tippecanoe Farmer Co. , La Fayette, Ind. 2tf The BROTHERHOOD of AMERICAN YEOMEN. This fraternal insurance association, organized in 18!I7. at Des .\Ioines, Iowa, has already reached a membership of 1)000, with an accumulated re- serve, loaned on real estate mortgagts, to the amount of J-2.t,000. It pays accident and old age disability, and had but seven assessments in 18'J!). VV'rite to G. M. Read, Chief Correspondent. 2tf Des Moines, Iowa. A BEE COUNTRY. If you want to hear of the very best bee and fruit country in the world SEND 25 CENTS for a year's subscription to the MISSOURI AND ARKANSAS FARMER AND FRUITMAN. atf Address: K. J. PROFITT, Publisher. Kansas City, Mo The Farmers' and Planters' Guide, Baltimore, .Md., is tlie only Agricultural paper with a " (iood Koads " department. This feature alone is worth tlie price of subscription, which is only 25 cts. per year. 12-tf GEO. O. GOVER, Publisher. FARMERS IC paRcs, 50 cents per year, 12-12t BlTPFALO, N.Y. The best niodium for the breeder. JOURNAL The AMERICAN GRANGE BULLETIN and SCIENTIFIC FARMER as the national paper of the Patrons of Husbandry is especially valuable to every member of the Order. Subscription agents wanted in every county in New York. Good pay to good agents. Apply at once to GRANGE BULLETIN CO. 127 East Third St., Cincinnati, Ohio 12-tC Big 30-page POULTRY JOURNAL one year, 25c- and the back numbers for one year, bound in one neat volume, free with subscription. We sell leg-bands for poultry, and Jice- killers. Also do all kinds of printing. Write your wants. WESTERN POULTRY FARM, i2tf Marshall, N!o. Y'ou learn all Q about Virginia *| lands, soil, water, q climate, resour- Q ces, products, ^ J fruit, mode of cultivation, price etc., by ^Q » reading THE VIRGINIA FARMER. Q ' Send ICc. for three months' subscription to 9 ,stt FARMER CO., Emporia, Va. g I Virginia I hlomes. The DORSET COURIER, Published monthly. Devoted to sheep hus- bandry in general and Dorset sheep in particu- lar. Circulates in 27 states and Canada. A splendid advertising medium. Subscription fifty cents per year. Address i2tf M. A. COOPER, Pub.. WASHINGTON, PA. TThb. Drrby Gamr Biro. A Monthly Journal of 61 pages, devoted to Pit Games. Send for a free sample copy. Alex. W. Cummings, Editor and Publisher. 1 )PT*llV Tllfl BEGINNERS. Beginners sliould have a copy of The Amateur Bee-keeper, a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Kouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "It is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price 24 cents; by mail 28 cents. The little book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, (a live, progressive, 28 page monthly journal.) one year for tioc. Apply to any first-class dealer, or address LEAHY MFG- CO., HigginsvlUe.Mo. Entered at the rostofliee. Falconer, NY., as seoond-olass in tt r Incubator Free on trial The NEW C. YON CDLIN INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It ha tell es every ha tellable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y. Another Big Offer! As 1 have explained in jirevious mlvertise- ments, the publisher of a good journal can ulTord to make liberal offers for the sake of gettint! his journal into new hands. 1 hare in the jiast made several sueh offers, but here is one that 1 consider especially liber- al. If you are not a subscriber to the Bee-keepers' KeVieW, send me $1,30 and I will have your subscription to TnK Amekican Bf.h-keepeii renewed for ot e year, send yon 12 back numbers of Tllli RliVIKW, and then THE KEV lEW for all of 1900. Keiuember two things : Yon must be a NEW subscriber to THE RE- VIEW, and the order ninst be sent to W, Z. HOTOHINSON, Flint, Mich, BISCAYNE BAY, Issued inoiitiily. Terms, fifty cents a yeur Address, S. II. Uicii.mo.nd. editor. Cutler. Dade County. Florida. Write for samjile copy. l",'tf S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Laud Depai'tineut, Florida East Coa.st Railway. Perriuc (J rant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. i^tf If, It If, BINGHAM has made all the im- provements in k Bee Smokers and ^ Honey Knives made in the last 30 years, undoubtedly he malies the best on earth. Smoke Engine. 1 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail $1 50 3^4 inch 1.1'.) Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1 0() 2!^ inch '■»' T.F.Bingham, y-^^^„;,--3:„; -JH Farwell, Mich. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the beat .•Vgricultural News. $1 00 a yeai . Address, C^OXNECTICUT FARMER, Hartford, Conn. To Repair Broken Arti- cles use Major's 4Cciiieiit Remember MA. TOR'S RUBBER CEMENT, MAJOR'S LEATHER ' CEMENT Vol, X Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. JUNE, T9OO No. 6 BEE CULTURE IN MAINE. BY REV. C. M. HEKRTNG. TWENTY-iSEVEN years' experioncn in bee culture has impressed me with the nature and Importance of this business: so that, of the three de- partments of this work, I can speak with considerable confidence. Of the true bee-man, of the most desirable bee. and of the good beehive for northern states, I have my opinion, based upon my long experience ; and of these I will speak briefiy. THE MAN. The common man, with fixed will and purpose, may become successful in time: but to become a master in this art re- quires some natural aptitude for the work. For eminent success in this noble enterprise, nature must furnish the required talent. In this as in all other departments of labor, the man may mistake his calling. Once a neigh- bor of mine — a good farmer — caught tlx^ notion, from a desire of gain, to keep bees ; and it was evident before long that his bees knew him to be a novice; and a coward. With the greatest con- tempt for his unmanly conduct they would chase him from tlieir grounds: and very soon it was seen that he and his bees were not in harmony, lie could not understand the trouble, and began to change his hand. He gave his bees new hives; he put in full sheets of comb foundation ; and so he went through with all the devices of modern times, calling on his neighbors to do his difficult work. Still there was contin- ual defeat. Finally he and his bees parted — some to the woods, and more to the dust. The trouble was in the man ; he lacked gumption. But the real master puts his brains and his heart into his work; and as he studies and works among his pets, he soon finds his mind filled with admira- tion and love for these wonderful crea- tures of his care. His increasing affection for his bees brings him often to the hive, and they know his coming. His love for them "casteth out fear," and he soon finds that their proper treatment, and harmony, go hand in hand. Such, in short, is the man of suitable brain and heart who makes this business a success. THE BEE. All bees, like all stock, are not of (upial value. As with horses, cows and sheep, blood will tell. We find it true of all organic life, that prolonged inter- breeding of the same blood diminishes the vital forces : and also that contin- ual crossing between the different races improves the stock. As it is true among all animals, vegetables and insects, so also of the bees, old varieties will finally run out. .Vbout the first mistake the novice makes in starting his apiary is the notion that all bees are alike ; and from the old box hive, in the country, where the bees are cheap and worthless, he 102 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June seeks his supply. Aftcu- making iiis pur- cliase, he goes lioine, proud of liis bar- gain, and he feels that now he is on the highway to the "land flowing with milk and honey :" but he soon finds that lu; is like the man "who leaped at stars and fastened in tlic miid." His bees are void of vigorous, vital forces and tiiey become an easy prey to the larvai of the miller. If he transfers them to a new hive he has the same patched-up comb and worn-out bees, which will be to him only a bill of expense. As he Hoiinders along in tiiis way, our latitude, where old King Frost holds dominion half the year, we need thick walls and double windows. For out- door wintering the walls of a good hive should be of well-seasoned pine, 1>2 inches thick. Such walls are better than chalT. In case of moisture within, they dry out quickly, while chafT walls, when once becoming wet, retain the moisture. In our climate, when old, stern winter tightens his grip, the' sun delays his coming, the trees crack, the nails snap, and Jack Frost, everywhere busy, assails the hive by night, enters its vacant corners and drapes them with the frosts of death, all the winter suns combined cannot dislodge the enemy. The chaff walls, when once captured, are his protection and defense. Such is my observation in Maine. Another good feature in a hive, for the North, is to have it constructed of such dimensions as to hold the bees in close proximity to their stores. In long, shoal frames bees often starve, in pro- tracted cold weather when there is plenty of honey in remote cold ends and corners of the hive. In this respect the Kidder frame is superior to tlie Laugstroth, beijig shorter and deeper. If bees are win- tered in the cellar almost any thickness of walls, or any dimensions of frames and hives will do good service. Brunswick. iNIaine. REV. ('HAS. M. HEIlllING. with hardly a pound of honey for his trouble, he calls it ''iiard luck,"' until finally his bees hibernate; in the sleep of death. The troul)le is in his bees. They lack blood. The Italians are a well tried race; and these, crossed with several other kinds, nuike the best of workers. TIIK HIVK The beehive is the home and work .shop of a very numerous family. Houses and homes are of endless variety, made to suit the climate. A slight affair may answer for the sunny South ; but for THE ITALIAN AND BLACK BROOD. Some Comments on Dickel and His Theory. BY F. GKKINElt. '" THERE is another feature connected with the New York bee disease or black brood which ought to be t)ri)ught out. It has been obscu'ved by Prof. Benton aiui the foul-brood inspectors of our State that the Italian bee riisists the disease when the native bee succumbs. This difference between the two races 1900 THE AMERICAN B^JE-KEEPEB 103 is so distinct that in some affected yards where tlie bees are of a mixed character, the surviving bees are all of the yellow race. As a producer of comb honey I have not been able to see a sufficient advant- age in it to Italianize all my colonies, and, although I have from year to year introduced new Italian blood, purchas- ing queens of many different breeders, my stock to-day shows much more the character of our native bee than that of the yellow bee. But now, since this black brood has made its appearance in our state and with it the danger of its spreading and visiting our own yards, I feel that it would be a measure of safety to radically change over to the Italian, and that the bee-keepers of our state would act wisely to consider this matter and then make an effort in the direction pointed out. Very many of us bee-keepers here are pretty well satisfied that the Italian is inferior to the native as a comb honey producer, but that should not deter us from adopting this precautionary meas- ure. There is nothing to hinder us from partially engaging in the production of extracted honey; in fact I find it much easier to run our apiaries both for comb and extracted honey instead of comb only. I may have to say something on that subject in the near future. I notice in March number of The Amebican Bee-keeper our old and esteemed friend Thielmann speaking of his experiments and observations along the line of the Dickel theory. As a word of caution and for the benefit of others who may think of testing the matter for themselves I want to say that it requires a great deal of care to conduct experi- ments of that order, lest the results may be misleading. According to Dickel an egg from drone comb, selected for an experiment, must be so fresh that not one bee has had an opportunity to touch it; it must be taken as soon as deposited by the queen. That a far-reaching in- fluence is exerted upon each egg by the first bee that visits it has been proven repeatedly by Dickel and has not been contradicted to my knowledge. In case of the queen, as well as in case of the drone, the sex is decided by this first visit of a worker, and when the sexual development has once begun no after treatment can bring about any change. This peculiar feature of the Dickel theory has not been brought out suffici- ently by other writers, and yet it is a most important one. Mr. Dickel had edited the Nordlinger Biencnzeitung for about two-and-a-half years. During his editorship the circu- lation of the paper has more than doubled, and yet the paper has ceased to exist with Nos. 23 and 34 of the volume of 1899. Dr. Miller, in speaking of the "Death of the Bienenzeitung'''' says the following in a "Straw" in Oleantngs : "Its able editors were succeeded by Herr Dickel, who used its pages to advocate his Dickel theory, and then it died." To tell half the truth is sometimes not tell- ing the truth at all. In this case it leaves the reader with the impression that Mr. Dickel was not an able editor and that the paper ceased to exist be- cause Dickel used its pages to advocate his theory. Neither is true! I have pointed out to Dr. Miller the unfairness of the way he has represented the mat- ter and he attempts to set it right in March Oleanings, but utterly fails to do so. In justice to Mr. Dickel I must say the above. There were reasons why the paper was discontinued which were he- yond the control of Mr. Dickel, who did not own the paper but simply acted as editor. Whether the Dickel theory is right or wrong is another question and we will know more about that some future day. It is stated that Prof. Paulke has made microscopical examinations of 800 eggs taken from drone cells that had not been in the hive over twenty minutes and no trace of sperm was found except per- haps in three, while in the eggs taken 104 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June from worker comb evidence of sperm was found. This, of course. Is a point against Dickel: but, if it is possible, 4f one does succeed in. producing both queen and drone from what is termed unfertilized eggs, or what amounts to the same, from fertilized eggs, then the result of the above examination amounts to nothing. All the scientists with all their microscopes cannot disprove a fact! Naples, N.Y., March 10, 1900. COLD WEATHER PREVENTS BROOD-REARING. BY M. F. RKEVE. COMPLAINTS of the backward spring and losses by continued cold winds were made at the meeting of the Philadelphia Bee-keepers' Association. The extremes of weather were so great as to make it severe upon the bees, very few colonies coming through in prime shape. And then the cold, backward spring had made brood- rearing almost impossible. The gen- eral concensus was that there was not enough brood-rearing to replace the natural losses of old bees, and that when, after a warm rain, the buds burst into bloom, there would be so few bees that the nectar would not be harvested. Vegetation was now up to date: but bees were a month behind. "Spring management" was the main topic; one of the questions was: "Given a Queenless Colony and a Weak Colony with a Qu(U)n, What?" It was agreed that queens at this time of tiic year were either oki or from the Soutli, and worthless for this latitude without a honey flow; it would be dilUcult to get the workers to accept a qu(((!n of any kind. The oldest manipulators said it would be best to unite thcun, alternating the frames. An expert said it was a mistake to rob the strong to build up the weak until after the strong colony had cast a swarm, wiien there would he bees to spare. Field meetings were arranged for May 36th, at Milmont ; June 26th, at Pen- dleton's apiary, Germantown; June 23d, at Sonner's apiary, Palmyra, N. J.; July — , Rehn's apiary, Collingdale, Pa., and sometime in September at the veteran Mark Schofield's place, at Seventy-first Street and Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia. These outings are always enjoyable and the occasion of valuable experi- ence to the amateur as well as profes- sional. Mr. Schofield and Mr. Kruger are near neighbors and both are experts, and each has his own peculiar method of manipulation, extracted honey being their source of revenue ; although each has a distinct business outside of the apiarian line. The former is attached to the leather-colored breed of Italians, and has quite a demand for his queens from this strain. "Keep your colonies strong,"' is the watch-word of each; and their hives are run on the "double- decker'" principle. Their bees are cross; but they get there when the fall flowers are in bloom. The weather became showery on the 17th and 18th, starting everything into growth, and bees into activity gather- ing pollen, although they had been fly- ing oflf and on for two weeks past. It remains to be seen whether the buds will burst into bloom and there will be enough bees to garner the nectar har- vest from the fruit trees. They have been around inspecting the gooseberry bushes. Riitledge, Pa.. Apr. 19, 1900. CEMENT COATED NAILS. A Simple Process Briefly Explained. HY H. M. JAMESON. Many readers of The American Bee- KEEFER, especially those living in local- ities remote from large towns, have at times been in need of cement-coated nails. Even in the larger cities it is at times difficult to obtain just what is desired, while the sizes you may 1.900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 105 want can be purchased at most hard- ware stores uncoated. The outfit re- quired for preparing the nails is an old frying or stew pan and a little rosin. Place the pan containing the nails on the fire ; stir them to get evenly heated. Try a few at first. Have a little pow- dered rosin, say one tablespoonfull to a pound of nails. When the nails begin to turn blue remove from the fire and immediately sift the rosin over the nails, stirring till all are smeared with the molten rosin. Now turn them out on a bench or board and spread out thin. You now have the genuine (so-called) cement-coated nails. One pound of rosin is sufficient to coat one hundred pounds of nails. Will some brother bee- keeper tell us how he succeeds with this method ? Corona, Cal., Apr. 9, 1900. CHIEF OF CUBAN BEE-KEEPERS. REFERENCE has been made before in these columns to Dr. G. Garcia Viete, the gentleman who is re- ported to have harvested 380 tons of honev in a single season. pleasure in presenting herewith a por- trait of Dr. Viete, together with one of Senor Carlos Sanz, who constitute a part of the firm operating this immense apiarian enterprise. Before the Cuban war the doctor kept between 1,500 and 2,000 colonies, as COLONEL G. GARCIA VIETK. The American Bee-keeper takes SENOH CAKLOS SANZ. stated by himself in The Bee-keeper for December, 1899, and he is again rapidly replenishing his former siock. We have also received photos of the large covered apiaries referred to in the article above mentioned, but sincerely regret that they are not sufficiently strong for reproduction in half-tone, as they give pleasing views of the long aisles between the hives and a good idea of the arrangement and magnitude of the business. Dr. Viete held the rank of Colonel, and was Chief of Staflf of the First Army Corps in the recent strife for indepen- dence. He was for some time Chief Health Officer of the city of Cienfuegos, and has but recently been appointed by Governor-general Wood. Director of the civil hospital of that place. During the past year the apiaries have been run for increase, but the collective 106 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June force will be applied to honey gathering upon a return of the harvest season and we should not be at all surprised if some of Dr. Viete's future reports will pale the 7(50,000 pounds which, as his season's crop, created so much comment in the past. We have never met Senor Sanz, and regret that our information concerning his bee-keeping career ends with the fact that he is associated with Col.Viete in the business. The engraving of the Colonel is from an amateur photo, though a good likeness. That these gentlemen are successful and enterprising bee-keepers need not be said; it is self-evident. THE MAY BEE-KEEPER. Emphasizing the Good Things in the Last Number. BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. PERHAPS our heading will not be fully appropriate this time, for I wish to touch on a few things found in the May Bee-keeper which I cannot think of as entirely good. But as I shall also touch on some of the good things, we'll let the head- ing stand without change. SELLING THROUGH THE COMMISSION MAX. On page 83 Bro. Marks "sails into" the commission men in rather a whole- sale and most unmerciful way — that is, from my standpoint he does so. I liave shipped my honey on commission ever isince 1877, and his assertion that "our products, through the prevailing method of sale, is at the mercy of the most unscrupulous commission man," is not the truth, by any means, according to my experience. To be sure, I have run across unscrupulous commission men during that time, and I now know ot some who will drop off honey, or any other products at a lower price, by 2:> per cent, than the goods are really worth, or quoted at. But I cannot allow that these unscrupulous ones "who sell the lowest, establish the price," for all of my experience, covering a period of 33 years, tells me that there are many commission men in the cities of Boston, New York and Philadelphia who do not even so much as "wink" at the prices made by these unscrupu- lous ones. Therefore, Bro. Marks" assertion that "the honest commission man; the one who would get full value, is not in it," is very far from the truth. I could name parties handling honey in each of the cities above mentioned who have sold my honey each year for the past twelve years, at from one to three cents per pound above the prices quoted in the Producers' Price Cun^eiit, and from the same price to one and two cents above the prices quoted in our bee- papers for those same cities. Brother Marks must have had in mind the poor- est specimen of a commission man and compared him with the best dealer when he penned those words, very much as the world takes the poorest specimen of a Christian and holds him up beside the best worldling, when Christianity is to be scoffed at. Don't do it, Bro. Marks ; it isn"t nice. COMMISSION MEN UNDER STATE AND NATIONAL SUPERVISION. But, looking at the commission men in the light in which Bro. Marks did, I cannot, "for the life of me," see how he came to pen these words, found near the close of his address: "But there is one thing can and should be done, at once. Commission houses, handling as they do. millions of dollars of other people's money, should be put under state and national supervision, the same as banking."' Following out that idea, the commission men would rule the state and nation to the same extent that the banks do. which is very nearly to hav- ing their wants all supplied through the sweat and toil of the masses, by the unjust laws they are enabled to secure through our (?) bought representatives. I have not time, nor is this the place to discuss "our banking system," but any 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 107 one who will take the time to study up our National and other Bank Acts, will soon understand how our bankers are among the favored few of our nation, and ^o up into the hundreds of thous- ands, and millions of dollars, without doing scarcely any labor along an econ- omic line, while the bee-keeper toils on day after day only to see much of his earnings going to support these bankers in their fleecing of the people. Again I say to Bro. Marks, Don't do it ! Don't set the commission men after us through state and national supervision, for if you do I cannot vouch even for the honest ones; for when feeding at the government trough the best of men seem to lose their heads. QUEEN BEARING. Bro. Pridgen's article commencing on page 82 is a very readable one and con- tains lots of good things, among which I find him touching on something which I do not remember ever seeing touched upon before. On page 83, near center of last column, he speaks of honey flows being so "heavy and sudden as to check swarming." He here speaks of this matter as coming before preparations have been made for swarming; but with me I have had several years in which swarming was great — in some of them it became almost a mania — when from six to fifteen swarms would be out daily, and just as soon as the honey harvest came on in good earnest, the issuing of swarms would drop off in a day or two to from none to only two or three a day for the first week, and soon cease alto- gether. It is the slow continuous yield of one, two or three pounds of nectar (not honey) a day that keeps an apiary on the swarm, to the disgust of the apiarist. "PURCHASE OF QUEENS A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY." When Bro. Pridgen wrote the words found in the upper part of the first col- umn, on page 83 : "Unless one studies the traits of the different races and manipulates them accordingly, the pur- chase of queens is a waste of time and money," I hardly think he stopped to weigh them fully, as he usually does when he writes, for I do not think he is willing to admit that there has been no improvement in bees during the past fifty years, even where managed on the let-alone plan. I have many testimoni- als telling me that the introduction of my queens into their apiaries, managed on the let-alone plan, has increased the crop of honey more than ten times the value of what was paid for the queens. I am wide awake as to the study and manipulation part, and had these parties used that also, they would have made a corresponding gain ; but unless I am greatly mistaken, any man who is now keping scrub bees (or those who have depended upon "the survival of the fittest"), would not find it a waste of time and money did they purchase a few of Bro. Pridgen's fine queens, and after putting them in their hives, manage them the same as before. Otherwise all our efforts at breeding a superior bee has been labor thrown away, except to those who are given to study and manipulation. RIPE CELLS BEFORE THE PRIME SWARM LEAVES. Near the center of the first column, page 85, Bro. Pridgen touches another thing which every beginner and many older bee-keepers should pay attention to, where he says, "It is occasionally the case that cells are ripe before the prime swarm leaves the hive, and es- pecially if the weather has been un- favorable for some days, and the swarm issues the first day that is suitable." By paying attention to this matter they will not be watching for second swarms from such hives, eight or ten days later, nor will they come to the bee-papers with reports of queens fertile and laying two or three days after maturity. Then by understanding this, colonies can often be prevented from swarming at all by taking away the old queen and cutting all cells as soon as the queen 108 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June from the ripe cell has emerged. Or, in- crease can be prevented by taking queen from the swarm and returning it after all queen cells have been cut, the queen from the ripe cell being now at liberty. These little kinks are all valuable and go toward helping make up tlie full fledged bee-keeper. SECRET OF SUCCESSFUL HONEY PRODUCTION. At the bottom of the last column, page 86, is a [great big] little item, taken from the Review. Turn back and read it again. Do you believe it? If "one of the greatest secrets of success- ful honey production is that of having a great force of field workers during the honey liarvest," is the truth, will it not pay big money to work for that great force? Yet how many who read this really work for such force. Those who do not cannot call themselves a "great success"' at bee-keeping. But tliere is a little item left out which ought to have been included with what is given. Including it, the item would read, "One of the greatest secrets of suc- cessful honey production is that of hav- ing a great force of field workers during honey harvestwithnodi)nt for Mr. , and that Mr. had done the mixing. In reply to the question, "Was this honey represented to you as pure by Mr. ?" Mr. Hakes testified that a few days before he was arrested (he was ar- rested Oct. 11, 1899), he was told that he was selling adulterated honey, and he said that he wrote Mr. a letter, telling him that one man, a stranger, had offered to bet him $2.5 that the honey was not pure, and Mr. Hakes told him that he "would put up the money with him any minute ; but before I would do it I sat down and wrote a letter to Mr. and said to him, "I want to know, now, Mr. , if I am selling pure honey or if I am not.' He wrote me back, stating that 'If my honey goes from me to you, and from you 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 113 directly to your customers, just as you gei it from me. rely upon it, it is strictly pure ; but,' said he. 'I would not bet. ' That is the tirst thing that opened my eyes." At the close of Mr. Halves' testimony the court instructed the jury, and they returned a verdict of guilty, without leaving their seats. I felt pretty well satisfied that Mr. Hakes supposed he was selling pure honey, and I believed that the members of our Association cared more for the conviction of those guilty of selling adul- terated honey, and stopping the prac- tice, than to punish a party who seemed so innocent of fraud as^ Mr. Hakes seemed to be ; and, 6eing under that impression, I asked the Court to impose the lightest penalty the law would allow, which the Court did, fin- ing him $25, which, I believe, was paid by some of Mr. Hakes' friends. As an officer of an organization that has for one of its objects the prevention of adulteration of honey, I was very much interested in this case : and as the evidence seemed to indicate that Mr. was guilty of selling adulterated honey, and that he did the adulterating himself, I have taken some pains to learn if he really was engaged in such business and the tirst thing to hand is Bulletin No. .50. of the Michican Dairy and Food Department, and under the head of '•Honey"' I find this: "No. A, 298. Sample of honey (brand •Pure E.Ktracted Honey') taken from original package at Jackson. Sold (1899) by M. G. Hakes, agent, Jackson. Producer. . ." Then fol- lows a statement of the analysis of the sample and following this are the words, "Glucose flavored with honey." On the same page of the bulletin on which the above appears are three other similar reports in which each sample examined was marked "Pure Extracted Honey. Producer, , ." and on each exhibit is marked. "Glucose flavored with honey." On the next page of the bulletin are two more reports similar to the above in which appears as the "produ- cer" and Mr. Hakes as ••agent." and I believe it is claimed there was about the same amount of adulteration in each sample as in the one for the sale of which Mr. Hakes was convicted — about 57 per cent. In an article, which appeared in the Fanii Journal, of Philadelphia, for Jan- uarv. 1900. in an editorial under the heading, "Food Adulterations," the editor says : "Some important facts on this subject are found in the recently issued bulletin No. 50, of the Dairy and Food Department of the State of Michi- gan. * * * Eight samples of honey var- iously marked as 'Pure Extracted,' 'York State,' etc., were found to be only glucose flavored with honey. Six of these samples claimed to be produced by a person having a name well known and honored among bee-keepers," etc. The other two samples are marked "Produ- cer, Steel-Wedels Co., Chicago, HI." On Feb. 8, 1900, Mr. Wm. A. Selser, chemist, of Philadelphia, makes this report: "This is to certify that I have analyzed the sample of honey sent, marked No. 1, bought of . by L. H. Warren, Jennings, Mo., and found the same to be 53 per cent, to 54 per cent, adulteration of glucose;'" and on the same date Mr. Selser certifies that another sample sent him was "bought of , by L. H War- ren, Jennings, Mo.," was found to con- tain "58 per cent, to 60 per cent, of glucose." Wishing to know what Mr. Warren had to say, I wrote him March 12, ult., and in his reply, dated March 17, 1900, he says, "'I bought seventy sixty-pound cans of extracted honey from , which I received as follows," and gives the number of cans received at different times : Five cans in September, 1899; fifteen cans at each of two ship- ments in November, and thirty-five cans by two shipments in December. Mr. Warren says. "It may seem strange to you that I bought so much, and will explain : The first lot of five cans which I got as a sort of sample, was adulterated very little ; but every lot got worse. A small sample of this lot which I have on hand now, has granulated solid, but streaked ; another lot only looks cloudy. * * * The last lot does not granulate any more than any other glucose. * * * Analysis of this shows 58 per cent, to 60 per cent, glucose. * * * Only about two hundred pounds of this last lot was turned back on me. I had no suspicion of this honey being adulterated until I had disposed of nearly all of it. * * * After I had found out that the honey was not pure, I wrote to asking for a written guarantee of its purity. * * * He wrote back, 'I take pleasure in certifying that I shipped you pure, extracted honey.'" Mr. W^arren is a member of the firm of Warren & Mange, dealers in staple 114 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June and fancy groceries, flour, feed and general merchandise. In a letter written by Mr. , on February 15, 1900, he says that Hakes "never sold honey for me. He bought of me, paying cash in advance. * * * I shipped iiim p^ire honey, and I rather think that he sold it as I shipped it to him. Of course I do not know ; and, so far as my personal interest is concerned, I do not care. * * * I think I have had ample evidence that chemists cannot tell adulterated from pure honey. * * * It appears they guess at it. * * * In view of Mr. Hakes' testimony, as report- ed from his customers, if the honey I sent him was adulterated, it would probably be beneficial'to both producers and consumers if all honey was adul- terated in the same way." Several years ago, perhaps twelve or thirteen, some well-known bee-keepers felt satisfied that Mr. was en- gaged in adulterating honey, and selling it to his customers, and since that time several have complained that the honey purchased of him was adulterat- ed before it reached them, and have stated that the packages they received showed no signs of having been changed or tampered with in any way from the time they were shipped till received by them. A little over six years ago there was an impression that Mr. was en- gaged in adulterating honey ; and a chemical analysis of some honey claimed to have been bought of him, showed that it was adulterated with at least 50 per cent, of glucose, as was shown in Oleanings in Bee Culture at that time. It is possible that this report is too long, and may contain matter that may not have any bearing on or connection with it ; but I thought it might be well in every possible way, to expose the adulterators, whoever they may be, and so put producers, dealers and consumers on their guard against adulterators; and if only a small portion of the statements and affidavits before me are true, one of our number has gone astray, and if so, should be exposed. UNITED STATES BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. Secretary- Ohio. Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Hon. Eugene General Manager and Treasurer Secor, Forest City, la. Know your customer, and suit your package to your trade. — C. A. Hatch in Gleanings. From the Americnn Bee Journal. MARKETING EXTRACTED HONEY — MAKING IT A STAPLE. ****** Must we acknowledge that there is by all odds more of comb honey eaten as a sweet than of extracted ? It surely looks that way. Mr. E. R. Root, in a paper before the Philadelphia conven- tion estimated that the annual product of comb honey was perhaps 50,000,000 pounds and that of extracted probably twice. as much, or 100,000,000. I also glean from the bee-papers of late that there are single firms that consume from 200,000 to 300,000 pounds. If such large quantities be used by single maufacto- ries, surely the great number of firms consuming in baking and the many other uses to which honey is put in the arts, there must be but a small portion of the 100,000,000 pounds that gets to the table as a syrup. Knowing that the great bulk of comb honey is used on the table, and yet it is a very rare article among the masses, we must conclude that extracted is comparatively un- known to the great bulk of consumers of sweets. I began here about eight years ago to sell extracted honey, and a few hundred pounds was all that was sold in the community, but now I can sell almost as many thousands as I then did of hun- dreds. My local trade has increased year by year, until now I can sell almost a carload a year to a village of less than 2,000 inhabitants, together with the surrounding farm community. Even at this rate there are many families who do not use honey and many others that use it only as a luxury now and then. That tiiere is a very large per cent. — yes, the great majority — of our popula- tion who do not use honey, is a fact. Those people who do not would use it if it were as accessible as other sweets, and compared favorably in price. I make this statement without fear of success- ful contradiction. I have proven it right here and others have done the same thing in oth(!r localities. WHY IS HONEY NOT USED ? A business man who is always out of 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 115 certain goods, cannot expect a good trade in that line. Honey is not kept by even tlie majority of stores, eitlier comb or extracted reguldrly, and at prices to compare with otlier sweets of the same grade, wliile the other sweets are in all stores. How long would a store do business if sugar and syrup were not kept in stock, except in cities large enough to run with a limited line in any one store — the various stores making a specialty of certain goods ? A common country or village store, and as well the greater part of city stores, could not hold their customers if they did not keep staple sweets. Honey must be kept in stock and oSered r^gulnrly as other goods to be regularly used. These are self-evident truths. Any one wlio attempts to make a staple sweet of honey, and not keep it iu stock, will surely fail. Failure along this line is common — very common — with grocers as well as bee-keepers, in working up a honey trade. Another reason why people do not buy extracted honey is because it is too ex- pensive— there is too much expense be- tween production and consumption. From here to Chicago the present rate on extracted honey is 97 cents per hun- dred pounds. Suppose I ship ten cases of honey to any dealer there, and charge him 6 c^nts f. o. b. here, he pays 97 cents per hundred gross weight, which is just about even $il3 on the lot. A lot of 1,200 pounds at 6 cents is $73 ; plus $13 freight, and the honey costs on the car at Chicago 7}4 cents per pound. If the buyer in the city puts his money into the honey he will not want to sell again for a bit less than ten per cent, advance, perhaps usually not less than 20 per cent. If he manufacturers in and in large lots be quite small ; were selling to original packages may the margin but if it goes for table use, and he sells in the origin il package to go into fami- lies by the 60-pound can, there can not be less than 30 per cent, added — the wholesale dealer 10, and the retailer 20. Cost of honey — ten cases — on car in Chi- cago, $85 ; plus 30 per cent, for dealers, total §110.50 ; or about 9 1-5 cents per pound it costs the consumer. To repack this honey would cost quite a little, but I scarcely know how much to estimate, much depending upon the equipment for doing the work ; we will drop that item and see about cost of packages. The very cheapest tin pack- age will cost at least one cent per pound while glass packages cost from three to four cents per pound. This makes the cost of the honey about an average of 123^ cents per pound when it gets to the consumer. Extracted honey shipped to market in GO-pound cans and repacked for retail trade costs the consumer at least 12 >2 cents, many times considerably over this — 123^ is very conservative. Now buy six cents worth of granulated sugar, make a syrup by adding a little water, then place this beside twelve cents worth of honey and see how many customers will buy the sugar rather than the honey. Sugar competes with extracted honey and there is no use in ignoring the fact. THK REMEDY IN THE MATTER. The producer must pack his honey in retail packnges and case it in some way that it may be handled cheaply. One great trouble with apiarists themselves is, first putting up honey in barrels or sixty-pound cans, then later repacking it for retail, melting when candied, and also taking back that which candies in stores. All this is piling up cost on the consumer, or reducing the profits of the producer. The producer of extracted honey needs a storage-tank between the extractor and the marketing-package in all cases. After settling, draw from the tank into retail packages, and let it candy as quickly as it will, then sell in the candied condition. Consumers will buy it candied and liquify for themselves, and many want it candied when spread on their bread. People buy new things because they are always wanting "something new," and if "tis new to buy candied honey they will do it and soon learn to melt it. I sell my extracted honey in lard-pails nicely painted and stenciled — that is I used to — now our pails are lithographed. This is the cheapest package, and nice, and with the honey candied there is no drip or leak. In my home market^ the prices are very close to that of granulat- ed sugar, the honey being sold when candied. I do not put Ibiuld honey in stores, and my honey sells right along, and is fast becoming a staple. R. C. Akin, Larimer Co., Col. ITALIAN QUEENS. Untested. 70c. each. Tested. $1.00each. Two-Frame Nuclei (without queen), $2.25; Three- Frame Nuclei (without queen), *3.00. Queens large, yellow and prolific. Circulars free. It E. W. HAAC, Canton, O. 116 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June A GROCER ONCE SAID when a bee-keeper tool: him some fancy comb honey, "I suppose your honey is no sweeter than this," as he pointed to some cheap honey on his shelves. The bee-keeper admitted that it was probably no sweeter, but it would sell much quicker and at a much better price; and it was not long before the grocer wanted this man's honey all of the time. Why not provide your bees with the best fixtures to be had so as to produce fancy honey instead of honey that will have to be sold at a reduced price? Read the experiences of bee-keepers all over the country who have used ROOT'S Plain Sections and Fences, and other supplies. Shipments can be made from our principal agencies all over the United States. Write direct to our nearest agency, or to The A. I. Root Company, Medina, Ohio. Speaking Generally, when a person buys a piece of Furni- ture costing S.'iS.do, the sum might be divided as follows : Manufacturer's price $18. 00 Jobber's commission 7.00 Retail dealer's profit 8.00 Selling price. S33.00 The EMPIRE' FOLDING BATH TUB is worth .^3.3.00. as such things sefl in stores ; but we only ask $18.oo — we make them ! It is tlie best — The most substantially made — ■ The handsomest — The most compact substitute for a Bath ROOM yet invented. Write at once to The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. WHEN YOU DROPaDOLLAR it is a good plan to look where it strikes, that you may pick it up again. When you invest a dollar for advertising space in Poultry Pointers, at our special rate, it is iust like dropping a dollar where you can pick up TWO. \\ rite at once for sample copy, special rates and full particulars to FOUL.TRY F>OINTEKS Offioe. 5tf 30f> West Main Street, Ionia, Mich. W. M. Gerrish, East Nottingham, N. H., keeps a complete supply of our goods, and eastern customers will save freight by ordering of him. The W. T. Faixoner Mfg. Co. The Self Culture Magazine ($1.00 a year) with The American Bee-keeper, $1.00 a year. C" D p" p Those who contemplate starting in the bee-keeping line should correspond with The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO. of Jamestown, N Y. We have had written, by a noted authority on apicultural matters, W. Z. Hutchinson, a treatise on "Successful Bee-keep- ing." Send your name and address, and a two- cent stamp to pay postage, and we will send you a copy of this valua ble little pamphlet free of charge. Anything you may desire to know regarding the best hives and fittings to procure, we will be glad to aid you in. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 117 / / r— I I r^ I Do you want some good pure rtCL.l-\^. bred POL/ LT/?y? We can furnish you ECCS FOR HATCH- ING from fine White Wonder fowls, K. 0. B. Leg- horns, B. P. Rooks. Partridge Cochins; S. L., Gold- en and Black Wyandottes, Toulouse Geese, Rouen Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want something good send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, itf The Eureka Poultry Farm, Established 19 years. Hamburg, Wis. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S. Free! Don't Overlook It ! Sample copy of Agricultural and Livestock Herald. The best authority on Belgian Hares published. Also pertains to the agricultural and poultry inter- ests of the west. Finely illustrated. Address Agriculture Publishing Co., 2tf Denver, Colorado. HOMES WANTED ! Families, both Catholic and Pro- testant, willing to offer a good home to a boy or girl of any age from in- fancy to ten years and who will re- ceive the child as a member of the family and give it such care and training as will fit it for a life of self-support and usefulness, are in- vited to correspond with State Charities Aid Association, 105 E. 22dSt., New York City. eccsTnwinter Are easily obtained under right conditions and proper attention. Subscribe for our poultrj paper and learn how. 25 cts. a year. Sample copy free. THE POULTRY ITEM, Box 190, Feicks, Pa. Second Annual DISTRIBUTION to subscribers to The Farmers' Realm, a 16 page illustrated farm and home paper. 25c. pays for paper one year, and ten large packets of vege- table and flower seed free, value 50c. Particulars free. Farmers' Realm, Syracuse, N.Y. The Nebraska Farm Journal A monthly journal devoted to agricultural interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural pa- per in the west. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb. This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others would notice YOCKadvt. in The Am. Bee-keepbk. FREE SEED, 50 YEARS' RiENCE Marks Designs . . Copyrights &c. Anyone sending a sketch and description may quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest aprency for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Scientific Hmerican. a handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir- culation of any scientific ijournal. Terms, ?d a year ; four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN &Co.36'B'^°=«'-^' New York Branch Office, 625 F St., Washington, O. C. The MODERN FARMER and BUSY BEE. Emeksox Taylor Abbott, Editor. A live, up-to-date, farm journal, . with a pjeneral Farm Department. Dairy, Horticulture, Live Stock, Poultry, Bees, Veterinary, Home and General News. Edited by one who has had practical experience in every department of farm work. To introduce the paper to new readers it will be sent for a short time, to new subscribers, one year for 25 cents. Sample copies free. Best advertising medium in the central west. Address, MODERN FARMER. 3tf St. Joseph, Mo. American Pet Stock Journal. A monthly journal devoted to the interests of Pet Stock. Pigeons and Fancy Poultry. Subscription .50 cts. Free sample it you mention The Bee-kfeeper. American Pet Stock Jouknal, l-tf Montpelier, Ind., U. S. A. The New C. Von Culin INCUBATOR. Poultry keeping combines very nicely with bee- keeping. Tlie New C. Von Culin Incubator, made by the W. T. Falconer Mfg Co.. Jamestown. N.Y.. is what you need to make it successful. Send for Catalogue and read '*WhatThey Say" and yon will know it is the best yet invented. 377 GennisonSt., Grand Rapids. Mich. Jan. 12, ISini. C. Von Culin: Incubator I bought of you has proved itself a wonderful success. b'irst hatch of 200 eggs I got IHCi chicks. Mrs. C. W. DeYoung. 118 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June E MPIRE WASHER FREE To Energetic Agents. ENORMOUS PROFITS WITH LITTLE WORK. PERFECT SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. !§:500 to any one who will invent a similar WASHING MACHINK that will operate easier or do Ijetter work The Price is I>o\v. Writa for circulars, price and teiins to agents. Address. ^||^ ^j^p,p£ mVM CO., JaMESTOWN, N. Y. Mention this Taper. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 1897. Circulation 5,000. Devoted exchisively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Iskakl, Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. BABY! Frances Sheldon Bolton's new book on the care of baby from birth. loO pages, price 5(1 cents. Written by a mother to help young mothers. Or, The Mothers' Journal, $1.00 per year, including the above book, "Baby," free. Send postal for samjjle copy of Journal. Itf Address, Mothers' Journal, New Haven, Ct. ^"^ ROYAL TEMPLARS. A beneficiary association, its grade of payments. Scientific and safe. Both sexes received in perfect equality. You get just what you pay for, and only pay for what you get. Organized 1870. Emergency fund maintained. Expense of management low. Claims paid without expense to beneficiary. Send for information. General office, Itf Masonic Building, Buffalo, N.Y. mm FROM PRODlCER^.gRc;^,o« JOBBmTOCOWSUNER EyERYTHIHG(l!E>o>?BfEKrBODY puAst MENTION -fl OREAT OR SMALL »- t"'* f"*'^" WRITE FOR aiALOOUE. ENa05E 10 OS.TD HOP (W POSTAGE TeQ flcre parm. We will give away a good ten acre farm to the person getting the largest number of subscribers for our paper between now and July 1, 1900. Send for terms to Tbe GAZETTE, Itf Laurel Hill, Florida. "Just tell them that you saw it" in The American Bee-keeper. The Southern parn)er, .^^ -^ Athens, Ga. The Leading Agricultural Journal of the South. No farmer, fruit grower, stock raiser, poultry- man. Dairyman or even housewife, can afford to be without this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on application. Advertising rates reasonable Itf Home Forum Benefit Order. 56 Fifth Ave., .Chicago. 111. Assessment and Accident Insurance, lodge plan, for men and women. Assessment rates reasonable; Reserve Fund provided for. Solicitors wanted. Best terms to first-class organizers. P. L. McKiNNlE, President. Itf Frank Clendenix, Sec. THE RURALIST- ^-^^1^^:^^^ ested in our reports of extensive variety tests. Every Bee-keeper will be interested in the Bee and Honey Department, edited by J. O. Grimsley. Every Gardener will be interested and instructed by the writing of a remarkably successful gardener, Henry Snyder. Everyone who thinks of moving south wants a truthful description of Maryland and you can get this liere. from disinterested writers. Send ten cents for a year's trial subscription and you wont want to do without it. Address, THE KURALIST, Gluekheim, Dorchester Co.. Maryland. We Give 'em Away ! -^ To every new subscriber to The New Enoland Fancier, SOc. a year, will give a year's subscription to any one of the following papers : The American Bee-keeper, Poultry Monthly, Reliable Poultry Journal, Poultry Keeper, Southern Poultry Journal. Ohio Poultry Journal, A Few Hens, Fanciers' Review, Fancy Fowls, or any other 50c. paper in the United States. Sample copy free. Address, NEW ENGLAND FANCIER, Yarmonthport, Mass. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 119 LARCESTANDMoSTCOMPLETEBUGGYfyVCTORY on EaRTH WRITE FOR Prices AND Our Price the Lowest ParryMfc.(o'"''™''p°''=-,„. Many Bohemians Omaha, Neb. are Bee-keepers. Ad- vertise your supplies in the Hospodar, Sample copies on application. It f U'-tr-r-.T>^^ T? T-i A -ri-i7iT» of The American ] ±L,VEE1 HEADER 1^^^^,^^ is entitled Bee- keeper is entitled to a free sample of The Practical Poultryman if he will send name and address on a postal. This is to get you interested in one of the best poultry journals published, with the expectation that you will send 50 cents for a year's subscription if you find the paper just what we say it is — a live, hust- ling, practical, reliable, semi-monthly journal. You need the paper: we want your supjiort. Try it. Address, Practical Poultryman, Whitney's Point, N.Y. Send 25 cents red toun^ dation that is detteu. cheapek and not half the trouble to use that it is to wire brood frames. Circulars and samples free. J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Montgomery County, Spkout Brook. N.Y. Please mention American Bee-keepek. Send for Sample of the Tippecanoe Farmer Published Semi-monthly. Q p" per year only. » ^\j[j. The best farm paper for the money ever published. The Tippecanoe Farmer Co. , La Fayette, Ind. 2tf The BROTHERHOOD of AMERICAN YEOMEN. This fraternal insurance association, organized in 1897 at Des Moines, Iowa, has already reached a membership of 15.000, with an accumulated re- serve, loaned on real estate mortgages, to the amount of $2.5.000. It pays accident and old age disabiUty, and had but seven assessments in 1899. Write to G. M. Read, Chief Correspondent. .,j£ Des Moines, Iowa. The AMERICAN GRANGE BULLETIN and SCIENTIFIC FARMER as the national paper of the Patrons of Husbandry is especially valuable to every member of the Order. Subscription agents wanted in every county in New York. Good pay to good agents. Apply at once to GRANGE BULLETIN CO. 127 EastThird St., Cincinnati, Ohio i:-t[ The Farmers' and Planters' Guide Baltimore. Md., is the only AgricuUur.-il paper with a " Good Roads " department This feature alone is worth the price of subscription, which is only 25 cts. per year. 12.tf GEO. O. GOVER, Publisher. Virginia lomes. Yon learn all a h o u t Virginia H lands, soil, water, orncs. cii""^**- ^''^'""■ ces. ). rod nets, [ fruit, mode of cultivation, price etc., by I reading THE VIRGINIA FARMER. ' Send Ifc. for three months' subscription to [stf FARWJER CO.. Emporia, Va. T:^hei Drrby Gamr Biro. A Monthly Journal of 61 pages, devoted to Pit Games. Send for a free sample copy. Alex. W. Cummings, Editor and Publisher. DerbV, lud. A Pointer to Paint Purchasers- r^r PITKIN'S PAINT PROTECTS &"ror Geo. W. Pitkin Co., Fulton and Carpenter Streets, Station C. CHICAGO. The very best bee-keepers in the United States as well as in oth.-r countries, get their Supplies from The W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Company, of Jamestown, N.Y. They have good reastms for doing so; you should do likewise. Our Sections (Falcon brand) have not yet been equaled. Send for catalogue. ►> -I- •> BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of The Amateur Bee-keeper, a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "It is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price 24 cents; by mail 28 cents. The little book and Tlie Progressive Bee-keeper, (a live, progressive, 28 page monthly journal,) one year for 65c. Apply to any first-class dealer, or address LEAHY MFG- Ca,^iggin8viiie, mo. Superior Stock Queens- ^.[.^e" ^^Tr- ir stock three-band (luoens, mated in a Golden api- ary; or some Golden Five-band Queens, with the chances good for getting five breeders to one crossmated, at 7.i cts. each, favor me with some orders and see how promptly they will be executed. Money order ofhce Wakkektos. W. H.PRIDGEN, titf Creek, (\Varren Co.), N C. Incubator Free on trial. The NEW C. YON CDLIN INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every hatchable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., (Incubator Department) • Jamestown, N. Yj Another Big Offer ! As I have explained in previous advertise- ments, the publisher of a good journal can afford to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his journal into new hands. I have in the past made several such offers, but here is one that I consider especially liber- al. If you are not a subscriber to the Bee-keepers' Review, send me $1.30 and I will have your subscription to The Amekican Bee-keeper renewed for ore year, send yon 12 back numbers of THE REVIEW, and then THE REVIEW for all of 1900. Remember two things : You must be a NEW subscriber to THE RE- VIEW, and the order must be sent to W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. ~BISCAYNE~BAYr Issued monthly. Terms, fifty cents a year. Address, S. H. Richmond, editor, Cutler, Dade County, Florida. Write for sample copy. 13tf S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railway, Perrine Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. i2tf HTf If, BINQHAM -^•^5 has made all the im- 7 provements in L Bee Smokers and ^ Honey Knives made in the last 20 years, undoubtedly^ he makes the best on earth. j. Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail ij-l 50 ; S^i inch 1.10 ; Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.00 2 V^ inch 90 "^/•^'n^^!r'LlmeWond^:-2in; ie^ Farwell, IVIich. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. $1.00 a year. Address, CONNECTICUT FARMER,, Harfford, Conn. To Repair Broken Arti- cles use oi's Cemeiit Remember MAJOR'S RUBBER CEMENT, MAJOR'S LEATHER CEMENT. HELLO! Do you want some eood pure bred POULTRY? We can furnish you ECCS FOR HATCH- ' NC from line White Wonder fowls, R. C. B. Leg- horns. B. P. Kocks, Partridge Cochins; S. L., Gold- en and Black S\ yandottes, Toulouse Geese, Rouen Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want somethin;; good send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, itt The Eureka Poultry Farm, Establislied 19 years. Hamburg, Wis. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S. Free ! Don't Overlook It ! Sample copy of Agricultural and Livestock Herald. The best authority on Belgian Hares published. Also pertains to the agricultural and poultry inter- ests of" the west. Finely illustrated. Address Agriculture Publishing Co., 2tf Denver, Colorado. HOMES wanted! Families, both Catholic and Pro- testant, willing to offer a good home to a boy or girl of any age from in- fancy to ten years and who will re- ceive the child as a member of the family and give it such care and trainina; as will fit it for a life of self-support and usefulness, are in- vited to correspond with State Charities Aid Association, 105 E. 22d St., New York City. ECCS IN WINTER Are easily obtaino'l uuder rig:ht conditions and proper attention. Subscribe for our poultry paper and learn how. 25 cts. a year. Sample copy free. THE POULTRY ITEM, Box 190, Fricks, Pa. FREE SEED, Second Annual DISTRIBUTION to subscribers to The Farmers' Realm, a 16 page illustrated farm and home paper. 2.^e. pays for paper one year, and ten large packets of vege- table and flower seed free, value 50c. Particulars free. Farmers' Realm, Syracuse, N.Y. The Nebraska Farm Journal A montlily journal devoted to agricultural interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural pa- per in the west. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb. This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others would notice YOCBadvt. in The Am. Bee-keeper. 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE Trade Marks Designs , . . . Copyrights &c. Anyone sending a sketch and description may quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Scientific JImcricait, A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir- culation of any scientific journal. Terms, fd a year ; four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN &Co.3«'«'«"«'*^>' New York Branch Office. 626 F St., Washington, B. C. The MODERN FARMER and BUSY BEE. Emerson Taylor Abbott, Editor. A live, up-to-date, farm journal, with a general Farm Department. Dairy, Horticulture, Live Stock, Poultry, Bees, Veterinary, Home and General News. Edited by one who has had practical experience in every department of farm work. To introduce the paper to new readers it will be sent for a short time, to new subscribers, one year for 25 cents. Samjile copies free. Best advertising medium in the central west. Address, MODEU.n t'AKMEK, 3tf St. Joseph, Mo. American Pet Stock Journal. A monthly journal devoted to the interests of Pet Stock, Pigeons and Fancy Poultry. Subscription 50 cts. Free sample if you mention The Beekeeper. American Pet Stock Journal, 1-tf Montpelier, Ind., U. S. A. The NewC. Von Culin INCUBATOR. Poultry-keeping combines very nicely with bee- keeping. The New C. Von Culin Incubator, made by the W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Jamestown, N.Y., is what you need to make it successful. Send for Catalogue and read "What They Say" and you will know it is the best yet invented. 377 GennisonSt., Grand Rapids. Mich. Jan. 12, 18i)'J. C. Von Culin: Incubator I bought of you has proved itself a wonderful success. First hatch of 200 eggs I got 10(1 chicks. Mrs. C. W. DeYoung. BUY YOU R WIRE ^^^ Empir-e Washer and save her strength. Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y., make 'em well and sell 'em cheaply. 25e Gleanings in Bee Culture. Leading bee-keepers find that it pays them to read at least two good bee journals. In addition to The American Bee-keeper why not send us for Gleanings the rest of the year. ^ See what Geo. W. York says of GLEANINGS : "I don't know what has gotten into GLEANINGS the last" two numbers. It is the only bee paper that I allow to interfere with my regular meals; that is, when it comes just before meal time; and when it fails to come until several days after I think it is due, it sort of spoils my appetite. If I only knew who to blame for the delay I might perhaps fe^l differently, but it is very aggravating, to say the least. I think I will have to have my copies delivered by special messenger hereafter." GEO. W. YORK, editor American Bee Journal. Send your order at once and get the issue of July 1st. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. MONTROSE BIGYOLEIiiFREE on approval to your address YflTHOUT A DENTIN ADVAUOE. SESSD US YOUSi ©J^iSEI?, btute^vhethcr you wish lady's or man's ■wheel; prive color, height of frame and gear wanted and WE WILL. 81I1P THE WHEEL C. O. D. on approval, allowing you to unerate and ex- amine it fully before you accept it. If it is not all and moie tlian we claim for it, and a better wheel than you can get for any where near the price fi'om any one else, refuse it .and we will pay all exjness charges ourselves. Tho " M0^TS?OSE " Dicyclo «fe«i /-k =o at our Special Agent's sample price of *^ | ^^' ^ is the greatest bargain in a bicycle ever offered. AVe guarantee it equal to any $40 wheel on the market, and you need not an ci it it I'or inv a cent if you do not lind it as we represent. "VVe are EXt'I>^Sl^■E IJICVtXE MiVNUFAOTURERS and take this method of .juicUIy introducing our 1900 MMDEL8. This oiler of a sample wheel at this low price is made to secure a Rl SiER A G EMT in each town to representus and take orders. Our agents make mon« y fast. eSBC^B(eBff*liTI^iyC Frame, ^2, 24 or scinch ; ladies, 22 inch. Best dr £uEr9l»H 8 IWSliBt Shelby seamless tuLing with forged connec- tions (lush joints, improved expander device to fasten seat post and handle bur; Koyul Arch crown; the celebrated Mavis Imbsand hanger— the easiest running known; lieeord "A" tires, the hvKt and one of the most expensive tires on the market. The genuine $4 Mcsineer IlytrJcnic saddle; pedals, tools and accessories the best obtainable. Enameled in black, maroon or coach green, highly tinished and ornamented; special finished nickeling on all bright parts. We thoroughly test every i)iece of material that goes into tills maclilne. Our bindius year's euar- anteo bond with each bicycle. PBgC to any one sending the $16.50 cash In full with order we will r n£C send free a genuine Burdiok 10,000 mile barrel pattern cyclo- meter; or a high grade floor pump. Your money all back if you are not perfectly satisfied. PUCAD WUCCI C ^^ ^^ ""* manufacture the cheap depart- UnCAr ffllCCLdi mentstorekindof wheels, such as many new concerns and big supply houses advertise and sell as high grade. We can furnish them, ho\^ver, at$5 to 87 strijiped; or i".i.75 to $13.50 complete. We do not guarantee nor recom- meiid them. HEF4MJE '(J a bicycle of any one else, no matter who or how cheaji, write ii« and let us tell you how much we can save you on the same machine. Ifyou IIIIJIDI C 4a miV awheel we can assist ycu to EAltX A BICVCLE by dis- are URADLC 10 PU I tributing cntalognes for usa fewdays. We need one person In each town for this puri)ose. AVe have several hundred SECOXI> 1IAX1> WHEELS taken in trade which we wlllcloseoutat$8 to liilOeach; also some shopworn Siimplcs and 'U9 models very cheap. Send for Bargain List. OriK ItELIAlJILlTY' is unquestioned. We refer to any l),ank or business house in Chicago, or any express or railroaxl conipanv. Wi' will send you letters of reference direct from the largest iianks in Chicago if you wish it. QPUn VnilD nnnCD today. This low price and these special terms of shipment without deposit wm OCnil lUUn UnUCIl be withdrawn very soon, tiroive name of this paper. •/. L. MEAD CYCLE COMPAHY, Chicago, m. Vol. X Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. JULY, 1900 No. 7 OUT-APIARIES. Their Management for the Prevention of Swarming. BY F. GREINER. IT DOES not lie within the scope of tliis article to advise or to discuss ways and means to bring our colon- ies up to the required standard of strength. It is supposed that at least the majority of our colonies have already attained that state of development. The principal drawback in running out-apiaries is that the bees are apt to swarm and that the swarms are apt to go to the woods. It is therefore imper- ative that our management be such as to prevent all swarming. We might run our out-yards for extracted honey, giving plenty of room to both queen and bees, always supplying empty comb etc.; there would then be no swarming. However, we wish to raise comb-honey principally as we can find a more ready sale for it. Giving plenty of room alone does not have the desired effect, and we must adopt a different management. It would be of great advantage to have only ■ young queens in our colonies, we would then not be troubled with swarms out of their season, which appear frequent- ly,when colonies supersede their queens. All swarms that would appear during the regular swarming period we try to head off. We seldom have any indica- tion of swarming in this locality sooner than June 15. Neai'Tng this date we watch a few of the best colonies, and when we find them constructing queen- cells our operation must soon begin. Hives and supers must of course have been gotten in readiness before this time. About June 30 — some years not till June 25 — I go to the colonies most likely to cast swarms. First I give a little, smoke at the entrance, then rap on the hive. I aim to give the bees time to fill themselves with honey. The hive is now opened; it may be set to one side first and an empty hive put it its place. This latter should contain but six L frames or their equivalent, sup- plied with starters only. This super is placed on top over an excluder, which, however, may be taken out after a week's time. The danger of a queen entering the super is generally past after that time, and the excluder may be needed on some other hive, and may be removed. After the bees have all filled themselves they are not apt to offer any resistance, and, without using much smoke, I now shake all the bees from their combs in front of the empty hive. I have an eye out for the queen and note her condition. After she has gone in with the majority of the bees, I place an entrance-guard over the en- trance. Sometimes these shaken-ofl swarms leave their hive after the api- arist has left, and then the bees leave 132 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER July for other quarters. The entrance-guard Is to prevent such an occurrence ; it should be removed when making' tlie next visit. The apiary is gone over in this fasiiion, always selecting the strong- est swarms first to be manipulated as stated. A visit is made each week. If honey is coming in, even but mode- rately, the section cases on these treated colonies will fill up surprisingly, especially if we have filled the sections with comb foundation; and, unless the season continues through a very extend- ed space of time, there will be no trouble with such as to their swarming that season. If buckwJieat is a source to be relied upon, each of these colonics should re- ceive four frames of comb or foundation at the beginning of the buckwheat flow, which will end the manipulations of the brood-chambers of the sliaken- off bees. The question now arises: What bhall we do with the brood-combs we gain from week to week by our shaking-off method ? I utilize them in two different ways, viz.: For increase and for the purpose of getting extracted honey. At the beginning of the season I set apart a number of good colonies to take care of these brood-combs. They need not be the very best colonies, and still they must be populous enough to be able to take care of a full set of combs full of brood, for they are to receive eacli in their turn such a full story of brood as we gain it by shaking off colony after colony. I have said before that 1 always select the most prosperous colonies first for shaking oft', so each successive week we liave some colonies to treat in this fashion — have more brood-combs to dis- pose of. Our nursing stocks, which iiiui received a setof combs full of brood one week, may receive another after a week's time and a third after another week. Even a powerful colony given this brood from week to week, will not think of swarming — they are kept too busy taking care of the young. They become very populous and also store much honey as the brood hatches, which may be extracted after all brood has hatched. Should we have full sets of combs full of white honey, and we have more colonies to shake off, I prac- tive giving a set of these heavy combs instead of a hive full of empty frames. I never hive a young swarm on empty combs— not in my locality. I give either empty frames with starters or solid honey-combs. The honey in the latter will always go up into the sections as soon as the room is needed for breeding; but of course the honey must be of good color or it will spoil the looks of tbe nice white clover or basswood honey the bees may be storing in the sections at the time. Some bee-keepers advocate and prac- tice hiving young swarms — and shaken- off colonies come under the same head- ing— on frames of foundation. Aside from getting perfect combs I can see no advantage in this practice. Foundation in the sections pays well, however. In case I want any increase in the out-apiary I take the colony that has two or three extra bi\)od-chambers and move it to a new location; the uppermost two brood-chambers, neither one containing brood young enough for queen-rearing, I place back on the same stand, giving queen or queen-cell in a protector. Of course we must be sure that the queen is in the part moved. If we have placed an excluder in, a week previous, we can be very positive where the queen is. The queeji must always go to the new location. Extracting combs are given to the divided colonies as well as to all stocks not working in sections. If it should secTH d(!sirable to re inforce any of the shaken-oft' colonies,. a iiive full of brood, after it has stooc over an excluder for two weeks, ans wers the purpose W(>11: I take it, bees and all. and place it over an escape 01 top of the colony to be re-inforced. Naples, June 1, 1900. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 123 CANDIED COMB-HONEY. How it May be Profitably Utilized. BY A. M. APPLEGATE. THIS question has been frequently discussed through the journals, and all the best methods given for saving the honey and wax; but in all these you destroy the comb and leave the honey so inferior in quality that you hardly realize enough out of it and the wax to compensate for the nice straight combs you sometimes have to melt in order to get the honey. The method I will attempt to describe preserves the combs as nice as new, and instead of the second-class honey you have tirst-class vinegar, which will bring you as much money and be as easily disposed of. Besides you are all aware that Inferior honey should not be put on the market at any price. Having provided a barrel with one head out, take the frames containing the candied honey, and where they are sealed comb them with the edge of a wire cloth just enough to expose the honey. Sometimes there will be enough honey in the combs that can be thrown out to pay for uncapping and running them through the extractor first. Then pack the frames containing the combs as snugly as you can in the barrel, not- ing at the time about how much honey they contain so that you will know how much water to add. Having the frames secured in the bottom of the bar- rel so they cannot float, pour in water enough to cover them. You can hurry fermentation by adding a little yeast: or should you already have some fer- menting, add a little of it to the one just prepared. Two pounds of honey to one gallon of water makes very good vinegar: but you should keep it as much stronger as possible so that the water used to rinse the combs after they are through fer- menting and thoroughly soured, may be added, making in all about one gallon of water to every two pounds uf honey. The honey and even the pollen that contains some honey, or has absorbed some of the sweetened water, will be fermented out of the cells. What is not removed in this way will shrink from the cell walls, when dry, and will jar out or be removed by the bees. To re- move the vinegar from the combs tifrn the frames, with the top down, sup- porting them between the thumbs and fingers, let them drop onto some strips across the top of the barrel, gently at first, until the comb is relieved of some of the vinegar ; then immerse them a few times in water, jar the water out in the same way and use it to dilute the vinegar. Any additional rinsing will do no harm, neither is it necessary to have the combs entirely free from the vinegar. I treated black-brood combs in the same way last summer, and thought what little vinegar adhered to the combs was an advantage. Fully one-third of the bees through this section died last summer. The re- mainder seem in good condition for this time of year. Reynoldsville, Pa., Mar. 12, 1900. CLEARING SUPERS OF BEES. BY S. M. KKELER. IN The Bee-keeper for September, 1899. Mr. M. L. Main tells us how to assist bee-escapes in taking off comb-honey by giving honey in the es- capes to set the bees to work. I think this might cause a lot of bees to rush out and hunt all over the yard to find where the supply was coming from, and might not be pleasant to the apiarist while opening hives. I think my plan is one ahead of Mr. Main's with no bother with escapes. My escapes in the honey-room windows are in the right place. I use as little smoke in the hive as possible to accom- plish my object. In the first place I cut or break the supers loose from the brood-frames, give the bees a little 134 THE ame:iican bee-keeper July time to clean up any dripping honey; tlien, when ready to operate, loosen the enameled cloth at the back end and raise it a little and flap it up and down to drive the bees down with puffs of cold air (some one gave us this before, now). Then takeoff the enameled cloth, and give a few puffs of smoke if needed. Set the super off the hive, cover the frames with cloth and quilt, put on a flat hive cover and set super on end, on the front of hive. Now, with smoker and brush hustle them out and down at the hive entrance, where they will run in as fast as they can. The honey is now ready to go to the honey-room to be stacked up crosswise, or with sticks between so the bees can pass out without going up through the whole pile. It takes but a few minutes to take off super and put it in the honey- room. What few bees are carried in with the honey will be out of the cases and out of the honey-room before night. Brother Doolittle"s point of view is well taken in prompting us to more care- ful reading and thinking; and when his "eagle eyes" comedown on our mistakes we must receive it with thanks and in- vite him »to come again. And in so reading an article we often gather some new and good idea that the author ap- parently never thought of. Chenango Bridge, N.Y. [It is an excellent plan to have escajx' cones in the hOney-room, as suggested by Mr. Keeh^r; and we have used pi-ac- tically the same metiiod as outlined above quite extensively. We have pro- duced no comb-honey, however, for several years, and have* therefore had no opportunity of testing Mr. Main's plan; but, theoretically, at least, it is very ni^e — a great improvement on the old smoke-and-brush method. In using smoke, as we Ikiv(> l(!arned by exjxn-i- ence, there is danger of greatly impair- ing th(i flavor of the honey. We luive seen honey, crated soon after having been thus smoked, which imparted a very perceptible odor of smoke upon being opened three months later. The escape, since its introduction, has given better satisfaction; and we had thought. possibly, by Mr. Main's method of using it, it might be entirely satisfactory. In California the plan was to bore a one- and-a-half inch hole in the side of an empty super, place this upon the flat lid- of an adjacent hive, or the one from which it was removed, and upon it the super to be cleared. The smoker-nozzle was then inserted in the hole, and as the bees, in a cloud of smoke, fled up- wards for their lives, they were brushed to the winds. When it is possible to do so. we greatly prefer to entirely dispense with smoke in clearing supers. ]-Editor. Dollars and Queens Exchanged for Ideas. We have several silver dollars of re- cent issues, and also a number of untested Italian queens. These we here- by offer to our readers in exchange for articles for publication. The queens kre as well worth a dollar as are the silver coins, so the contributor may have his choice. From this date and until further notice, we shall send each month, at the option of the contributor, $1.00 in cash, or ap Italian queen, to each of the two contributors whose articles we deem )nost interesting or instructive. For the two second-best articles we will send fifty cents each. All matter submitted in contest will become the property of The American Bee-keepek. Short articles are more desirable than long ones. The names of the winners will be pub- lished in the same number of The Bee- keeper in which the letters appear. Some one will get the cash and queens as surely as the paper is issued. You might as well have some of them while they are going. Write on some "live b(!(>-keeping topic; the expense will be but two cents, and it is not at all im- probable that yo\i shall be one of the four to whom the premiums will be mailed each month. As the editor has this arrangement in charge, it would be as well that all mat- ter pertaining thereto be addressed p<>rsonally to 11. E. lIii.L, Fort Pierce, Florida. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 125 MIGRATORY BEE-KEEPING IN THE SOUTH. JUDGING from the great number of applications we receive from bee- keepers throughout the country who desire to engage with us for a sea- son, in order that they may acquaint themselves with the advantages and dis- advantages of Florida as a bee-keeping country, and the still greater number of young men who write requesting the privilege of studying practical apiculture with us, in the South, there is a wide- to be sure, much pleasure and fascina- tion in the work of visiting one's apiaries along the banks of the beautiful Indian River, with a commodious boat having an extractor and tank aboard, going through the work of extracting, attending to such other matters as may require it, and setting sail for other yards conveniently located along the coast. This is one of the pleasures of the migratory bee-keeper in Florida, and is the one usually contemplated in the di'eams of the inexperienced youth who LANDING OF THE PILGRIM SONS, AT LOW TIDE. spread Interest in Florida, among bee- keepers. While there is much pleasure and sat- isfaction in the thought of being located in a land of perpetual summer, and knowing that our industrious little workers have not to be frozen up and snowed under during a great part of the year, we have, at times, obstacles and conditions hardly less unpleasant, and even more difficult to control. There is, is inclined to seek his fortune through migratory bee-keeping in the far South. It is commendable in any young man that he should formulate future business plans and strive energetically to execute them to the letter. It is only to such that success ever comes; but, even with the most diligent application to a busi- ness so susceptible to the influence of ever-varying conditions, disappointment is not an infrequent result. I 136 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER July The dragon-flies and ants are in them- selves more to be dreaded as destroyers of bees, than are the Northern winters. Frequent storms of a more or less violent nature, and continued high winds not only retard the progress of the bees but inconvenience, if not im- peril, the navigation necessary to their attendance. Myriads of insects — mos- quitos, sandflies etc., are occasionally encountered, to the extreme discomfort of the migratory bee-keeper. It is gen- erally conceded, by those whose liveli- hood is gained through the production of honey, that their business entails much hard work; but the migratory man who had but to attend a permanent apiary for a year would regard it as a blissful season of rest, by way of com- parison with his usual labor. In the picture is shown one of these young apprentices whose ambition to "go South and learn the business" has been gratified, and another young man from the interior of the state, who seeks fame and fortune as an East Coast bee- keeper, and has spent several seasons in our apiary. Arriving at the site selected for an apiary with a load of bees, at low tide, it was necessary, when the boat had been brought as near to the shore as the shoal water would permit, for all hands to jump overboard, carry tlie hives ashore, place them upon a wlieel- barrow and wheel them to their stands. Before the cargo was all discharged, although no complaint was made by the boys, there was to be observed upon their faces that expression which ap- pears to yearn for "home and raotlior " — a visible longing for a safe restoration to the family firesides at Kissimmoe and Buffalo. To the reader, a casual glance at the picture might suggest the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers, with the May- flower in the background; the boat, however, is but the Drone, witii a burden of bees, of which she is being relieved by the two tired students of migratory bee-keeping. THE PRODUCTION OF COMB HONEY. nv JOHN NKWTON. My apiary is run for comb and extracted honey. I usually se- lect the strongest and best colonies for this purpose. As regai-ds the word "best," if the record of the hive should say that they build braces or burr combs, I do not want that col- ony for comb. As I believe breeding has a great deal to do with that — and supers with braces across them are not nice to handle — I would say, pinch such a queen. When spring work has been done, clipping queens, giving room to the crowded queens by scraping honey at the top of the frames, so that those cells will be used for brood by the queen : leveling up hives, etc.; and befoi-e the honey season opens, I see that my supers are*scraped and filled with sections — 4^ \^li\\% — which are filled full of foun- dation of about twelve square feet to the pound, made from the finest wax that can be procured. Separators are used between sections and a perforated follower or divider at the sides, which gives an extra bee- space, which is of great importance in keeping up the necessary heat day and night, at the outside of the outside sections. The divider is just made as one of the separators, with a cleat to provide the extra bee-space, and filled with .5-16 inch holes. I use a two-part super, thus giving tlie bees room to store their surplus, and at the same time not giving them so much room that they will hesitate about entering them, as they will at times if a super were given them to cover the whole liive. Now, everything ready; when the honey season opens and we have select- ed those hives which we desire to run for comb-honey, which should be crowded with bees from side to side ; and, on drawing back the quilt, we see 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 127 that they are filled with new honey, we place on one of these half supers, close down, place on the rim of hive, to keep snug and warm. When swarming commences, hive swarms on old stand in hives in which have been placed five starters about two inches deep, and the rest of the hive filled with dummies. After swarm has returned place parent hive alongside of swarm for five days. After removing to new stand the flying bees, which will go into swarm, will thus strengthen it up and give us the best colonies for comb-honey production. If the swarm is a very large one, or should two go together, the supers are at once taken from the parent hive and placed on swarm with perforated metal board between so the qneen may be confined |to her rightful domain. An average swarm, however, I leave a day or two before putting on supers and this catches the pollen below, thus doing away with it in the sections. If I have placed on perforated metal board. I re- move it as soon as the queen has become established below, as I find the bees do not work so readily in sections if they have to pass through the zinc. During the honey flow hives need close attention to see if more room is needed, or supers need changing from end to center, so as to get end sections as well filled as the center ones. I work on the tiering-up system, always putting the empty super next to the hive. When supers are finished they are taken from the hive by means of the smoker or bee-escape and carried to the store room. The sections are then scraped and graded, packed in no-drip cases, holding one dozen sections; and are then ready for the market. Thamesford, Ont. Jogging Jim : " 'Ello, Slumpy ! Wot's de matter wid yer face an' ban's ? Got de hives?" Slumpy : "No. I got de bees. " — Judge. Quotations from Our Exchanges. From Gleanings in Bee Culture : To get the bees to finish the outside sections in the super, place a piece of tin over the middle brood frames so the bees will pass to the super at the sides and rear end. — W. B. Ranson. Central California has a flourishing association for the marketing of their product. They have started in right, and in line with Arizona and Colorado — no salaried manager and other useless expenses. The sales are made at a min- imum expense to the producer. — J. H. Martin. With regard to the matter of hurrying up the process of granulating honey, the surest way and the cheapest that I know of is to leave the combs smeared with honey at the last extracting. Tip- ping the honey several times a day, just a little, will hasten granulation. — S. T. Pettit. Colonies suffering from foul-brood are usually weak, and this induces bees from other hives to rob them of their honey, and thus carry off the germs of the disease along with their ill-gotten gains. — T. W. Cowan. I wish it might be understood that large yields of honey come not from hives, but can be secured only through an energy and push sufficient to bring large numbers of bees in a hive, and se- cure said large number of bees in time for the honey harvest. In this lies the great secret of successful honey production. — G. M. Doolittle. From the Bee-keepers^ Review. To have strong colonies at the open- ing of the honey-flow, and to keep them strong during the flow, is one of the most important things connected with comb-honey production. A weak colony may give us some extracted 128 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER July honey, but we must not expect any fancy comb honey from a weak colony. —J. F. Otto. While extracted honey may be produc- ed in any movable frame hive, it is best to use a hive adapted to the work. In this hustling age, one who would not "get left" in the race, even in honey raising, must cut all the corners he can. — H. L. Burrell. No matter how plentiful the source of nectar supply, unless the apiarist has his colonies strong at the beginning of the honey flow he will meet with only dis- appointment and failui'e ; hence the whole system of spring management should be directed to the production of strong colonies early in the season. To secure the strongest colonies two things are necessary; namely, plenty of heat and plenty of food. — M. P. Cady. A thing should not be accepted be- cause it is new, nor clung to because it is old; this would bar all progress, and deprive us of all our advantages as thinking beings. — C. A. Hatch. About ten days before the expected flow I place a super full of boxes, with starters, and two or three bait sections on each hive. Before the ilow comes the bees will become accustomed to their new addition and will enter it with a rush when honey comes in freely. When our first super is about full, and all the centre sections sealed, we change the full ones to the outside, and the partly filled ones to the centre, lift this super and place an empty one under. — G. W. McGuire. It is the strong colonies that call for lots of sections, while the weak ones call for only a few; and one can hardly ex- pect a large crop of honey, even in good seasons, when only 30 or 40 per cent, of his colonies are strong enough to enter the sections at the beginning of the season. — Ira Barber. From American Bee Journal. The management of supers during tiie honey flow is a matter requiring good judgment and skill. It will not do to put on a lot of sections and then let the colony do the rest — that is, if you will get the best results. It requires a close watch and a pretty nice estimate of what a colony will do, to know when and how to adjust the supers. — R. C. Aikin. There is comfort in the knowledge so often expressed — experience is the best teacher. I believe a man will best suc- ceed who loves bee-keeping. Other in- dustries can be successfully carried on when followed only for the profit, but I think it necessary to love bee-keeping in order to succeed. — Jacob Huffman. When the reasonable objections have been obviated, and have been substitut- ed by beneficial and substantial improve- ments, then is the house-apiary destined to come rapidly into favor — not only be- cause of the great convenience it affords, but chiefly on account of the beneficial results obtained by the saving of money, time and labor. — B. J. Chrysostom. The bee-keeper whose colonies are robbed by other bees can lay the blame on himself, and himself only. A colony of bees in healthy condition and properly managed should fear nothing from rob- ber bees, except by some accident beyond the conti-ol of the apiarist. — C. P. Dadant. I find that it is a good thing to have hives put up in trees close by the a»piary, as in this way I catch swarms that come off when I am away. — John C. Silver. Large, rugged, and prolific queens will produce the best drones, which I prize j very highly. Always, in September, I remove a few of the queens from colo- nies which produce the largest and best drones, so as to preserve their drones for fall and spring service when there are no other drones. — Geo. W. Riker. Apiculture seems especially adapted to those whose life work is a dull, humdrum routine, that seems to rob life of all zest. 190U THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 129 If more of onr ladies, instead of seeking the office chair, or the position of the school desk — all of which shut out fresh air and sunshine, until pallor and languor point sadly to departing health and vigor — would seek apiculture as an avocation, we might have, instead of pale, wan cheeks, roses and blooming health. — Miss Ada L. Pickard. From Tfic Progressive Bee-keejjcr. We can sell extracted honey candied if we will. Do not tell me the people will not have it so — they will have it so, if we just put it up that way and keep it in the markets. The main trouble is intro- ducing it where the idea is new; but that is easy, for it is so much easier for the grocer that he becomes our voluntary agent in showing and explaining, and just get a customer to try a pail or two, and the thing is done. * * * If my trade increases year by year as it has in the past five years, it will soon take carloads to supply it annually. — R. C. Aikin. Brother Aikin says we can sell candied if we will. Amen to that! In fact, the call for extracted honey about here has changed from liquid to that of candled, during the last ten years. * * * Yes, there is no trouble in selling extracted honey in the candied form, "if we will." — G. M. Doolittle. There are four points that I have come to consider important in working my apiaries: First, pushing the bees in spring, by keeping plenty of feed; second, clipping every queen; third, weeding out the old queens and supply- ing young ones; fourth, keeping an assistant in the apiary every day that I am not there myself. — Mrs. A. J. Barber. I am a large hive man. I believe in strong colonies at all times of the year. Large colonies not only gather large quantities of honey, but require much less work and attention. Now, right in line with strong colonies comes the im- portance of good queens to. fill the largo hives, or " barns," as some call them. I want queens reared by the best methods from industrious stock, queens that have been well fed in their larval state, queens that are large and able. I want no queen that cannot, in this locality (Texas), have twelve frames of brood by the commencement of highest success can only come by lifting others up to the high table-land near or at the mountain top, best told in the words, "Love thy neighbor as thyself," and "Do unto others as you would have others do unto you." The present unsuccessfulness in the world comes through a lack in car- rying out these principles, not only with tiie people but with the pastor as well. SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST. But I cannot help thinking that among the many excellencies found in Bro. Herring's article a little error has crept in. He says, under the head of The Bee, "As is true among all animals, vegetables and insects, so also of the bees; old varieties will finally run out." And, in speaking of the mistakes of the novice in buying bees in box hives, he says, "The bees are cheap and worth- less." In this he runs right counter to the doctrine of the survival of the fittest, which doctrine is often put forth to show why our bees are not as prosper- ous and hardy as they used to be In our fathers' day, when none but "worth- less" (?) blacks were kept. If Mr. Her- ring, or the reader, will take pains to turn to page 103 they will there see near the top of the first column, where our tried and true Greiner has "tried and tried again" to supplant the run-out va- riety with a "well-tried race" — as Mr. Herring calls the Italians — only to find, after all of his endeavors, that his api- ary still has more of the "character" of the "run-out" variety than of the "well- tried" race. And in Mr. (ireincr's next paragraph he says: "Many bee-keepers are well satisfied that the old run-out, worthless variety are superior to the tried and true as comb-honey produ- cers," or words to that effect. But I shall notice this part a little farther on. HIVES. Speaking of hives, Mr. Herring thinks that well-seasoned pine, 1}4 inches thick, gives better results than chaff hives. This may be so for his part of the State of Maine. But this part of the matter 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 133 was not what led me lo touch this Hive for Wintering question. It was to tell the reader of something good along the out-door wintering line that Bro. Her- ring's article brought to mind, which I think I have not spoken of before. When at Providence, R. I., a few win- ters ago, one of the bee-keepers there (and they have some as brainy and bright bee-keepers in and around Provi- dence as are found anywhere in the world) asked me if I would try cork dust in packing bees for winter, using it in place of chaff for packing. He said it should cost me nothing except the freight, as there were hundreds of bushels of it thrown away each year, it coming to that city as a packing for foreign grapes. I assented to the trial part and here wish to say that I have never had bees winter so perfectly out doors as have those furnished with this cork dust for the packing between the walls of the hive, where chaff is usually used. You who live near cities where foreign grapes arrive, speak for this useless cork dust and see how it can be turned fi'om its uselessness in the cities to a utility in packing bees in the country. ITALIANS INFERIOR AS COMB-HONEY PRODUCERS. I now wish to notice Bro. Greiner's words, found in the middle of the first column on page 103, differently from what I noticed them above. He says : "Very many of us bee-keepers here are pretty well satisfied that the Italian is inferior to the native as a comb-honey producer." I wish he would tell us wherein the Italians are inferior. Is it In that part wherein the Italians start out and fill the sections with comb when only a slight flow of honey is on, instead of their using the tactics of the natives of building their combs only a little way, lengthening out the cells and seal- ing tWem, then starting up a little further, with the next flow of nectar, lengthening out the cells and sealing again, and so on, filling the sections a little at time, till the experienced eye can tell at a glance that such sections were filled by ftative bees in a season of light flows of nectar, by their "wash- boardy" appearance? Is it because he has found the claim good, which was made years ago, that the Italians were slow in entering the sections ? If th's is the ease, did he study the traits of the Italians and "manipulate them ac- cordingly," as Bro. Pridgen told us we must do with any race, in order to meet success? Was it becaus^e they capped * their combs so closely to the honey that the same was given a watery appear- ance? If so, did he try purchasing a variety of Italian bees that capped their combs white? Failing in these points would show that he was not as alive to the good points in the Italian bee as to those in the natives. We should like to hear something further in this matter from Mr. Greiner before he condemns Mr. Herring's pet I'ace in such a whole- sale manner. •'DOWNY MISSES." On page 108 I see friend Pridgen has got after me, and, to answer him Yankee fashion, I am going for him to see if we bee-keepers cannot draw a little larger ray of light than has yet been shed on the Introduction part used with those "downy misses" which, he tells us, he used "with the assurance that as few will be rejected as there are cells that fail to hatch and are torn down." If Bro, Pridgen can give us a certain, easy plan whereby these downy misses can be in- troduced to a colony from which a lay- ing queen has just been taken, just as certainly and as easily as a ripe cell can be introduced, he will confer on the readers of The American Bee-keeper more good than Doolittle can by these emphasizing articles in a whole year. Thus, you see, Bro. Pridgen, if you de- sire to do good to the bee-keeping fra- ternity, here's your chance, making the minutia and details of the plan so plain that the novice, or "the wayfaring man, thouo-h a fool, need not err therein." 134 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER July Allow me to say, plainly, that I have not introduced these downy misses to any extent, because I could not make a success of it — no such a success as with ripe cells. With the cells not one in a hundred fail to hatch, and not two in a a hundred fail to be accepted when hatched, where queen-cell protectors are used ; but with the downy misses I cannot do better than lose 75 out of every 100 tried ; and I know of scores of bee-keepers who make as dismal a fail- ure as I do. I have tried placing them carefully on the combs, as Dr. Miller tells us to do, only to have them seized as intruders and thrown out of the hive; have tried dropping them in. honey, rolling them about in it, then dipping them into the hive— honey and all — only to lose them, etc., and the only way I have had any success was in caging them with candy enough in a hole in the cage so it took the bees three days to eat it out, when I generally got them accepted; but by this time they were old virgin queens. Now, Bro. Pridgen. here is a chance of your life; tell us just how it is done. r.()K(»i)iN(i. N.Y., June 9, H'OO. PUHLIMIIED MONTHLY BV THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Editor. Terms: . Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies 85 cts ; 3 copies, 11.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, 1) words; $2.00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per cent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. {[^"Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The Amekica.v Bee-keepeu, Falconer, N.Y. 1^^ Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. t^° Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. 83^ A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. Australia has also a Bee-keepers' Association " National The Bee-keepers' Review is to have a new home, more conveniently located, at Flint, Mich. The National Bee-keepers' Asso- ciation will convene in Chicago, August 28, 29 and 30, 1900. Editor E. R. Root, of Gleanings, has in project a trip througli Flori- da and Cuba during the coming fall or winter. We shall be pleased to see him in the South. It is asserted by many who have had experience that the raising of Belgian hares may be profitably combined with bee-keeping. If any of our readers have had experience in the matter we should be pleased to hear from them on the subject. TJie Bee-keepers' Review has dis- carded its cover of cream and claret for one of old gold and black, very similar in appearance to that of The Bee - KEEPER. The former tasty appearance of our esteemed contem- porary has not suffered in the least by the change. New South Wales, Australia, is reported to have recently received a consignment of bumblebees from New Zealand. The latter country; we believe, got its start in the bumblebee business from America, a shipment of them having been 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 135 piade from this couiitry for service as a pollenating agent in agricult- ural and fruit-growing districts, as none were originally found there. Now that the National Bee- keepers' Association is actively en- gaged in the work of suppressing adulteration of honey, let every producer contribute his dollar, and thereby make it easy to wipe the adulteration business from the Mississippi River otf into the seas east and west, from coast to coast. When this is done the development of our markets for pure hooey will be undertaken. Let's be done with it. The American Apicultiirist once reported Captain Hetherington as saying, -'Usually the man with the least experience is the most posi- tive." There is a world of truth in it. Young experimenters who have met with success in a single trial of some idea new to themselves, should not hastily accept such success as evidence that they were born to enlighten a world of ignorant bee- keepers and • revolutionize their crude methods. A few years of practice may disclose the fact that the ground has been gone over quite thoroughly by others, years before; and perchance, that some equally brilliant mind has well ex- plored the same field. Mr. Doolittle, in American Bee Journal, gives queen shippers a valuable pointer on the selection of attendant bees of the right age. His experience and study of the matter has proven that, in opening a hive, the bees which immediately thrust their heads into the cells of unsealed honey and forthwith begin to fill themselves are of the right age to accompany the queen in the mails. These, he says, are neither too old nor too young. Concluding an editorial comment on the subject the Bee-keepers' Revitto well says: " Fortunately this is an easy way to determine which are the bees of the best age; and, fortunately too, such bees are in the correct position to be picked up very easily." Some correspondence with East- ern honey dealers and commission men elicits the information that there is almost no demand for ex- tracted honey at this time. Buyers, it appears, are inclined to hold ofT, in anticipation of lower prices later on. The present prices are less discouraging to the producer than quotations have been for several years previous to 1899. It will not be difficult to maintain living prices for this season's crop if bee-keeper's will not rush into the cities too early with their product. It is not good business policy to ship when the demand is so inactive. The supply is limited and the market is not stocked; neither does it appear that the buyers are heavily loaded. The best houses in New York City are now advising shippers to with- hold consignments for a while, in their efi'orts to strengthen the mar- ket. Producers should heed the suggestion. This is as it appears to us at this time Speaking of the Ferris wax ex- tractor and its inventor the Bee- heeijers Review says : ' ' Whether the discussion of a year ago in re- gard to the need of pressure in get- ting all the wax out of 'slum-gum' stirred up Mr. Ferris to further invention in that direction, I do. not know. Be that as it may, he has added a screw and follower that can be applied while the ' slum- gum' is still under steam heat. It would seem as though this left 136 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER July nothing further to be desired in the line of wax extractors." There is no doubt that pressure under steam is the principle that •will ultimately solve the matter. Mr. Ferris is working on the right line, and now has a good machine; but those who are inclined to apply their inventive genius to this prob- lem need not be disheartened by the Review's surmise, that there is no- thing left to be desired. While we appreciate the advance made by Mr. Ferris and others of late, there is yet much to be desired in this line. We believe it would be well to agitate the matter yet awhile — until we have an extractor equal in every way to the requirements of such a machine. ARTIFICIAL QUEEN-CELL CUPS. We have received from Mr.W. H. Pridgen, the North Carolina queen- breeder, a sample of his machine- dipped cell-cups. One style is adapted to the Doolittle method of transfering the larvae, as given in "Scientific Queen Rearing, " while a second style is constructed for the receptioD of the cocoons, as used by Mr. Atchley of Texas. Mr. Pridgen has invented a "ma- chine' by means of which he turns out this new commodity at the rate of 2,000 an hour. They are very neatly and uniformly made. We have for some time been working to perfect a device for the same purpose, and, at the present stage of development, believe we shall be able to afford Mr. Pridgen substantial competition in the way of supplying the future trade with artificial cups. THE HAKES ADULTERATION CASE. Since the report of the Hakes adulteration case, given in last number, was put in type, it trans- pires that analysis has shown adul- teration in other honey passing through Mr. Hakes' hands, than that sold him by the reputable bee- keeper whose name several of our exchanges have freely published as connected with the crime. Taken all in all, the case is badly muddled. The department commissioner, it is said, after inspecting the premises of the suspected gentleman — whose name we cannot conscientiously publish without further proof of his guilt — and helping himself to sam- ples of honey, and having them analyzed, completely exonerated him. The later information asserts that some adulterated samples from Mr. Hakes, found in the open mar- ket, came originally from another extensive bee-keeper in Ohio, who bears an untarnished reputation for integrity in all his dealings. From The Bee-keeper's point of view, the publication in full of the report, as has been done, is, to say the least, quite premature. IT IS OFTEN so; WHY IS IT? Why is it that things in general are so often persistently obstinate, in the hands of the ambitious amateur ? Why is it that experienced and successful apiarists minutely detail their methods of performing a piece of work, and the studious novice, with the open book before his anxious eyes, faithfully executes the specific instructions, only to meet' failure and disappointment in re- sults? Why will the beginner impatient- ly count the weeks and months of a long winter in his anxiety to put into practice some book idea which has fired his enthusiasm in "chill November," and after .the cherish- ed privilege has been accorded, wield the pen in denunciation of the idea whose brilliancy lately ap- peared simply transplendent, but is 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 137 now, obviously, "nonsense" ? Why should it be that the tremb- ling, anxious tyro exercises the most exact precision in the per- formance of a task, and forthwith every bee in the hive concurs in a resolution to (>verthrow the whole plan; while the old bee-keeper a couple of miles up the road, without a thought of failure, whistling Yankee Doodle or Old Hundred, instinctively undertakes the same job, with complete success? And the chances are sixteen to one that the latter's mind is meantime labor- ing with the financial situation of his country, or is sojourning in South Africa. Why is it so ? It often is. CONVENTION OF THE NATIONAL BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. Chicago, 111., August 28. 29 and 30— Papers from Noted Bee - keepers, Question Box, etc. Office of Secretary, Stn. B. Toledo, 0. June 19, 1900. Editor American Bee-keeper: Please allow me to remind the readers of The Bee-keeper that the next Convention of the National Bee-keepers' Association will be held at Chicago, 111. on the 28th, 39th and 30th of August next, commenc- ing on Tuesday evening, the 28th. at 7:30. The sessions will be held in Welling- ton Hall, No. 70 North Clark Street, about a block and a half from the office of the American Bee Journal, and about five blocks directly north of the Court House. The hotel at which lodging etc. may be secured is the Revere House, on the southeast corner of Clark and Mich- igan Streets, about half a block from the hall. Lodging will be 50 cents per night, but several will have to occupy the same room, and Mr. York has been assured by the proprietor of the hotel that good beds will be furnished. Each one should secure a lodging place as soon as possible after reaching Chicago. There is usually no trouble in securing enough to eat at reasonable rates. It is expected to have one paper at each session from such noted bee-keepers as Mr. Thomas W. Cowan, of London, Eng.; Mrs. Acklin, of Minn.; Dr. How- ard, of Texas; R. C. Aikin, of Col.; Her- man F. Moore, of 111.; and S. A. Niver of N.Y. The remainder of the time will be used in the asking, answering and discussing of questions. The Question Box will be in charge of such veterans as C. P. Dadant, Dr. Miller and Geo. W. York of 111. ; Hon. R. L. Taylor, of Mich. ; D. W. Heise, of Ont., Canada; Rev. E. G. Abbott, of^Mo.; and O. O. Poppleton, of Florida. I have not yet been able to learn what rates of fare will be charged by the rail- roads, but presume they will be about the same as usual for the G. A. R. En- campment, being one and one-third fare for the round trip from some localities, one fare for round trip from other local- ities, and one cent per mile each way in the Central Passenger Association terri- tory. The rate from any locality may be ascertained at any R. R. station as soon as the agents receive their instruc- tions. A. B. Mason, Sec'y- We still have some of those choice Italian queens which we are sending out for clubs of five yearly subscribers. "HONEY LOVE" is a truly won derful queen bee. For two seasons her colony has stored something over 200 boxes o£ beautifully finished honey. They have never swarmed— they stick to the boxes up to frost. This spring they are building up with a rapidity that is amazing! Regardless of winds they are out early and late. 'Honey Love" is Italian; her bees are far from handsome, though— too dark to be pretty. Tlds is her third year and we are anxious to rear as many daughters as possible while she is yet in her prime. Do you want one at ?1.00? If the daughter you get should prove better than "Honey Love" we will buy her back at $25.00 to breed from another year. "lady FAIR" is the most beautiful Gold- en Italian queen we could find anywhere. This we know for we have had samples of all strains. Do you want a daughter of this lovely creature for *1.00 ? This stock is purely fancy— something to show off to your friends after June 1st. The S\NARTHM0RE APIARIES, 5.1t T-tf SWARTHMORE, PA. 138 THE AMERICAN TiEE-KEEPEIi July MPIRE WASHER FREE To Energetic AgcBts. PRUKECT SATISFACTION (U'AKANTEED. S1500 to any one who will invent a simVlurWASHl-Vr(Mrculnrs, pnce and terms to agents. Addres; Mention this Paper. e I'rice i«t !.,<>«'. V\ ritj li>rcircuiars, iii ii;e anu teruia to THE EMPIRE WASHER CO., Jamestown. N.Y. The Only One of Its Olass I'ublished in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly, 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 1S'.)T. Circulation 5.000. Devoted exclnsively to creamery and dairy in terests and riiyersified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. I'. Ishael, Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. BABY! Frances Sheldon Bolton's new book on the care of baby from birth. 150 paKes, price 5(1 cents. Written by a mother to help young mothers. Or, The Mothers' Journal, *1 00 per year, including the above book, "Baby," frae. Send postal for sample copy of Journal. Itf Address, Mothers' Journal, New Haven, Ot. r»^ ROYAL TEMPLARS. A beneficiary associulioii. its grade ot iiaymonts. Scientific and safe. Both .'^e.ves received in perfect equality. You get just what yon pay for, and only pay for what you get. Organized IhTO. Emergency fund maintained. Expense of management low. Claims paid without expense to benelieiary. Send for information. General offiC3, Itf Masonic Building, Buffalo. N.Y. DIRECT FROM PRODUCER^^SR^pvO" JOBBER™ CONSUMER EVERY THINO SUPPLY HOUSE mmmm pifAsc MENTION ^ OREAT OR SMALL ^ ■^'"* ''*'*'* WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. ENCLOSE 10 QSTD HELP PxY POSTAGE Ter) flcre parm. We will give away a gocul ten acre farm to the person getting the largest number of subscribers for our x>aper between now and July 1. 1000. Send for terms to Tbe GAZETTE, Itf Laurel Hill, Florida. "Just tell them that you saw it" in The American Bee-keeper. The Southern parrT)er, -^ "^ Athens, Ga. The Leading Agricultural Journal of the South. No farmer, fruit grower, stock raiser, poultry- man. Dairyman or even housewife, can afford to be without this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on aijplication. Advertising rates reasonable Itf Home Forum Benefit Order. 56 Fifth Ave., Chicago. 111. Assessment and Accident Insurance, lodge plan, for men and women. Assessment rates reasonable: Reserve Fund provided for. Solicitors wanted Best terms to iirst-class organizers. P. L. McKiNNlE, President, itf Fkaxk Clkndeni.n, Sec. THE RURALIST- ^^^^^-^. ested in our rejiorts ot extensive variety tests. Every Bee-keeper will be interested in the Bee and Honey Department, edited by J. O. Grimsley. Every Gardener will be interested and instructed by the writing of a remarkably successful gardener. Henry Snyder. Everyone who thinks of moving south wants a truthful des'Tijition of Maryland and you can f;et tl'is here, from disinterested writers. Send ten tents foi a year's trial subscription ami you won't want to do without it. Address, THE liUKALISr. Gluckheim, Dorchester Co., Maryland. We Give 'em Away ! -^ To every new subscriber to The New Enolano Fancier, SOc. a year. will give a year's subscription to any one of the following papers : The American Bee-keeper, Poultry Monthly, Keliable Poultry Journal, Poultry Keeper. Soulhcrn Poultry Journal Chio Poultry Journal, A Few Hens, Fanciers' Review. Fancy Fowls, or any other 50c. paper in the United States. Sample copy free, .\ddress. NEW ENGLAND FANCIEE, Yarmouthport, Mass. lyoo THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 139 rURGESTANDMosTCoMPLETEBuGCYf^iCTORY ON Earth Write for Prices AND — ^.^^Catalocue Our Goods Are The Best-^^ Our Price the Lowest Parry Mfc.S'"^''"'p°''^ Incl. Many Botiemians Omaha, Neb. are Bee-keepers. Ad- vertise your supplies in tiie Hospodar, f>ampxe copies on application. 11 f TTat-P-RV 'R-PA-n-fi'Tf °^ '^^^ American Bee- X!iVi1.KY XVJ^-AUJiK ],eep"r is entitled to a free sample of The e*ractical Foultryrran if he will send name and address on a |i(isl J. This is to get you iutcrtsted in one of the best pouiiiy journals published, with the expectation that you will send .iil cents for a year's su'iscription if you find the pa'-er just what we say it is — a hv^. hust- ling pracf' to »20 a week. Full particulars for two cent stamp. i-7t 'I'he Nickellet Co.. Lynn, Mass. Neglect a Gold or Couu'li and if La Griupe don't L't't vou. Consumption wU CU.sHMAN'S IA-HAI..£K cures cciliU and all diseases of the breath- wav piissiiges. You losedolln'S in doc- tor hillsinnot IteepingCl'SElMAN'S INHAIiEK hnnfiy to drive otr e«>lL'i;cr;c Hrmiujftun The Outing Publishing Co., ^ NEW YORK. \ A FREE PATTERN (Ler own selection) to every subscriber. Beautiful col- oiLfl lithographed plalos and Illustrations. Original, latest, artistic, exquisite and strictly up-to-date desigaa 50 * ER, N.Y. If you have any, ship it to us at once. [Prices subject to change without notice.] The W. T. Falconer lllfs. Go. H 3-Biaile6 Spoitsmaii's KQile VOItH $1.!)0. Our Horticultural Visitor published at Kinmundy 111 , should visit every fruit-grower. Have you s en a copy? V\ ill seuimeWondVr:-2in: :C5 Farwell, AAich. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. $1.00 a year.. Address, CONNECTICUT FARMER, Hartford, Conn. tf To Repair Broken Arti- cles use ^'^''J^jbi,^, X^^^jHSSs^ Remember ./ ii, robbers restricted access to combs of honey some distance from the apiary, etc. Our observations will not warrant approval of any method which adds to the confusion or further incites the bees' determination to obtain honey from other than natural sources. When a case of robbing has reached that advanced stage by which it is en- abled to rush in and out of the hive unmolested, we think it the wiser plan to permit them to compleletheir plunder- ing work, and when they have finished and the confusion has subsided, turn over to tlu'in also the combs and brcod. if any. By so doing other weak colonies are not nearly so liable to be attacked. Bill — "They say there is a good di-ai to be learned from the busy bee." Jill — "So there is; but, as a rule, people are not anxious to take points from them." — Yonkcrs SUitcsman. WINTER PROTECTION. Instances where it was Lacking — A Method of Securing Covers. TALKING about winter protection, it appears to be a difficult problem to determine just exactly what is till' bt'st means of bringing colonies through the cold weather in good con- dition. What seems to suit one locality is unsuitabk^ for another. As an in- stance, a neighbor had two colonies of hybrids which were placed on a winter stand a year ago, and were given the protection of a house which was open toward the southward. When the bliz- j zard of P\'bruary last struck this neigh- borhood, over went house, bees and all, and there they laid until Spring. The covers were off, and the snow beat In and covered everything up. Every one expected to see the colonies frozen stiff' and dead. Quite the contrary; they survived apparently uninjured and the way they threw off swarms in May and June was enough to set the youthful owner wild, and at the end of the season there was quite a nice lot of surplus to Vit> sold. Here's another instance : In the same storm. Mrs. E. A. Starr, a well-known Philadelphia newspaper writer, who has an apiary in South Jersey, learned that the covers had blown off several of her hives. She had no chance to visit the place for several weeks and expected when she was able to pay a visit to the farm to find all her bees frozen to death. She was agreeably surprised, however, to discover that the little workers who had had the roof blown off their homes, wiu'e none the worse for their rough experience, although the only protection they had had against zero blasts were the newspapers which their owner had tucked across the top of the frames tinder the covers at the advent of winter. In placing tlic supers containing cover on my own seven colonies at the begin- ning of the present winter, I took the 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 145 precaution, in order to prevent the wind from blowing them away, of fastening them to the bodies with pieces of hoop iron. Two holes were punched in each strip of iron, which was about three inches long, and one screw at each end fastened the iron to the super and body and made everything firm. Rutledge, Pa. recting the reader's particular attention to a few interesting points in regard to the venerable gentleman at the head of this prosperous firm. Mr. Frisbee is now in his eighty-second year, and a local newspaper of recent date says of him : "Although over eighty years of age, Mr. Frisbee retains the vitality of youth L HON. KUFUS K. FKISBEK. See also page 149. HON. RUFUS K. FRISBEE. In addition to that which we have said elsewhere in this number of The Bee-keeper regarding the Frisbee Honey Company and its splendid work in the development of the honey busi- ness in Denver, we have pleasure in di- and may be seen almost daily taking his accustomed walk, drive or wheel ride of from five to ten miles, simply to gratify his exuberant spirits and to get the most out of the invigorating climate of Colorado.'" Mr. Frisbee has served the City of Denver as its Mayor; and away back in I 146 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Aug^ist the sixties held tiie position of State Superintendent of Public Instruction. He was also a prominent banker for some time in Denver ; and today he en- joys the further distinction of being the only exclusive honey merchant. In that city. Mr. Frisbee now anticipates the j)leasure of attending a family reunion, which is to be held at Roxbury, N.Y., in September, and also a visit to his old plantation in Virginia. Taken in con- nection with the fact that Mr. Frisbee has been a successful farmer and apiar- ist in Colorado, and is, we believe, associated with the publication of a Christian Endeayor journal, these things show creditably indeed as the accomplishments of a life which he is yet hopeful may be prolonged for another score of years. Mrs. Flora E. Frisbee is the wife of J. Charles Frisbee, who founded the busines's in 1883. He is a son of the senior member of the firm, Hon. R. K. Frisbee. Their portraits appear in this number. (See frontispiece.) INTRODUCING VIRGIN QUEENS. Something in Regard to This and Other Matters of Interest to Those who Handle Nuclei. BY W. H. PKIBGEX. THE only thing new that Brother Doolittle will draw out on the in- troduction of just-hatched queens to colonies from which laying queens have been taken from one to three days, is my astonishment that any one should meet with the dismal failure he reports. I am slad I have Dr. Miller as a support, inasmuch as Doolittle faih^d; and I am not sure but that I got the idea from him. The next morning, after reading the July Kee-keepkk, I caged some queens and in ten minutes gave to one of the neuclei from which a queen was taken, a virgin that was left in the nursery when distributing those that had hatched during the night among tin* nuclei that had been queenless from one to three days, and two days later I found her as lively as a cricket. Usually I open the hive, give a puff or two of smoke, let the queen crawl down between the combs, give another puff and close the hive; and especially if the weather be at all cool; but it is not uncommon to give the puff or two of smoke at the entrance, allow the queen to crawl in and then give another puff behind her. at a safe distance, not to burn her. For three seasons virgins have been given instead of cells almost exclusively, and I do not have enough of them reject- ed to justify looking through the nuclei until they are expected to be found lay- ing. In fact. I have learned from ex- perience that the greatest loss occurs by disturbing the nuclei just before and after the mating period. It must be that Bro. Doolittle tried giving "downy misses" at a very unfa- vorable time, or else allowed them to get too old. They should not be old enough to be very active: they should be removed from the nursery at least three times a day; and I do not find any too old that emerge during the night, though I usually assort them and give those that show by their color and activity that they are the oldest to colo- nies that have been queenless the longest. It is not uncommon to give queens an hour or two old to colonies that have been queenless two or three days with- out using smoke ; but it is safer to use it, and especially if there is no field work for the bees. When the bees are actively engaged I consider one day of queenlessness sufficient and often risk them the same day the laying queen is removed, to be looked after a day or two later; but at other times I prefer waiting at least two days and then cause the bees to set up quite a roar before allowing them to crawl in. I may be mistaken, but I am of the opinion that the sooner they are given woo THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 147 after the laying queens are removed the better, provided it is going to be done before the bees fully realize their queen- less condition. The virgin partakes of the scent of the colonies before there is any excitement and may be accepted as su- percodure queens; and while I lose only a small per cent, of those given at once, during a i\o-w, I would recommend queenlessness for two days, as a rule ; in other words, simply vary the condi- tions as is recommended in giving ripe cells, not only in the time of queenless- ness, but the amount of smoke used as well. I never handle the young queens, but allow them to crawl from the nurs- ery into wire cages and from the cages into the nuclei. It should be remem- bered that they are too young to run in, as they crawl before running. It may be that the conditions of the nuclei have some bearing on the subject, though I follow the same course, only varying the time of queenlessness to never more than three days, if I can have the young queens ready. I use three full-size frame nuclei and prefer having one comb full of honey and at least enough bees to nicely cover two combs. The bees in a nuclus ans- wering this description are less excitable than a mere handful, and especially on scanty stores, and consequently virgins or cells are more readily accepted by them. The queens are more easily found and less liable to be balled dur- ing manipulations or the mating period , or to fly from the combs while being handled, a thing they often do just before and after they commence to lay, if there are not enough bees surround- ing them to give them a feeling of safety. Besides, such nuclei have eggs enough deposited in a shorter time to keep up the force than do weak ones, and also furnish combs of brood to be used in forming others or to build up weak colonies. In early spring I form enough nuclei in full-sized bodies to hold the combs used in others and after I am don<; multiplying them the combs of brood from the three-frame nuclei that become crowded are given to those being built up, until they reach a pretty safe point for wintering, and then as queens are disposed of late in the season the combs and bees are added to these colonies, which usually winter as well as any. The reference Iiere given to nuclei further than seeing that they are amply supplied with bees and stores, has no bearing on our subject, but is given that some may be benefitted who do not know any easy way of uniting their nuclei to good advantage. Neither do I want to make the impression that any special provisions are necessary to have the "downy misses" accepted, for with me it is done with the same assurance of acceptance as is the case with ripe cells under like conditions. Creek, N. C, July 11, 1900. Pleased with His Premium Queen. Mitchell, Ore., June 18, 1900. Mk. H. E. Hill, Ft. Pierce, Fla. Dear Sir: — The premium queen that you sent me on June 5th has arrived and begun business in a queenless col- ony. She is the finest queen I have ever seen. My wife says I think more of that queen than I do of her, so you may see how well pleased I am with the queen. I think I will send you an order soon for a dozen more. I have a yard of lifty-oue colonies — all common stock. Yt)urs truly, John A. Flock. [We liave more of the same kind of queens to send to our friends who will send in clubs of five yearly subscribers, as did Mr. Flock. It is not the difficult task to. secure new subscribers that many would . imagine. We will gladly send sample copies, and promptly mail the queens. We guarantee the safe arrival of queens as well as the excel- lenc in- come by lessening tiie cost. Methods have been explained, discuss- ed and e.xamined .so often and so fully that a practical man cannot hope for much along that line, to either increas(> the CIO}) or inconu'. But when we have j^ot the crop pro- duced and ready to tix for market, the whole mass of b(>e-keepers are at sea: n(» fixed and uniform method of j^rading- or stvle of package prevails. If a dealiM' orders a certain grade of honey from twelve dirterent producers, he is liable to get one dozen kinds as to grade and package, (n'en if the ijuality is uniform, and it is tlie producer who has to stand the loss to even it up. One or two of the twelve prodncperly authorized person competent to estal)lisli a grade. Our packages, both for coml) and ex- tracted honey, would be uniform ; so that a dealer could buy a carload all alike, and a sample would be a sample of the whole. Packages, being ordennl by the car- load for the Association, could be pur- chased at greatly red\iced prices and shipped to the user at much less cost for freight. IJclow an-giscn. in a condensed form. some of {\w essentials lor co-operation, any feature of which admits of much elaljoration. In order to establish a bee-keepers' and honey exchange there must be enougli beemen of one mind who pro- duce enough of bee-products to make it an object, and the nearer it comes to embracing all of the beemen in the ter- ■S*K *"llA~-. C. A. HATCH. |-itoi-y CDVcred. the bettei' it will work : for it is the outsiders and thos(! who wait to -"see how it works" that make trouble. It is much easier to criticise and lind fault than it is to be a pioneer and bear the brunt of organization and starting the machinery necessary to carry on a successful exchange. This means a giving up of many of our individual rights for the common good. "The greatest good to the great- est number" must always be the motto of successful exchanges, and a willing anil cheerful agreement by the minority to the will of th(! majority. This simi- larity of ideas and onent^ss of purpose must be tin; foundation of associated effort. First, the association of ideas, next the association of individuals hold- ing those ideas, then the association of products and tin; division of the profits 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 149 of the association. All this will cost effort and money, and, in the pioneer stage, may cost even more than the profits; but if the course is maintained, results are sure and certain. Concentration of products is another essential. First, that all may be in- spected and graded according to a uni- form system, for no two individual bee- men grade their honey alike, and buyers have to take all this into account and buy on a margin large enough to pro- vide for all variation in grading. Car lots can thus be shipped at one time thereby getting a rebate on rate of at least one-half. Buyers, also, can in- spect a whole consignment at one place, thereby saving expense to them and en- abling them to put more money into the purchase price. The selling agent can keep better posted on prices and know better how to get the most out of the product, than many individuals with divided interests, scattered over a wide territory, can hope to do. Competition of buyers could be more easily obtained where there is a large amount than where the product is scat- tered over a wide area. Cash sales could often be made, thereby avoiding t*onsignment on commission, which is always more or less unsatisfactory. Uniformity of package is another thing that can be secured by association and mutual agreement. Bee-keepers will never realize* the best prices for their honey until certain kinds of honey are put up in a uniform package the same as dairymen put up their products. To summarize — 1st, Community of thought ; 2d, Association of individuals ; 3d, Concentration of products. Advantages — 1st, Saving of freight rates ; 2d, Uniform grading. 3d, Encouragement of cash buyers; 4th, Relief of individuals from the trouble and annoyance of marketing their own crop; .5th, Stiffening of prices by knowledge of markets etc. — C. A. Hatch, Richland Center, Wis. THE "CASH AND QUEENS" this month go to W. H. Pridgen, F. Greiner, M. F. Reeve and S. M. Keeler. We will have to rule Mr. Doolittle out of this, so as to give new writers a chance. We hope to hear more from our amateur friends, to whose letters special atten- tion will be given. If you have any j)hotographs that will serve to illustrate your contribution, and will send them along, you will be quite sure of getting the cash or a queen — as you prefer. ENTERPRISE REWARDED. THE push, pluck and progi'ess char- acteristic of the West is applied by The Frisbee Honey Company (In- corporated), of Denver, Colo., in a man- ner that cannot fail to interest every one who has the well-being of our pur- suit at heart. FRISBEE'S HONEY SHOW CASE. The Frisbee people have made a study of the production and sale of honey for eighteen years, making a specialty of the justly celebrated product of alfalfa, which is hardly excelled by any variety of honey produced in the world. Absolute purity and the excellence of quality resulting from experienced handling, are doubtless factors which have aided in the developm'ent of their present successful business no less than the very attractive 150 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Aucjiist style which it presents in the retail stores. The retail case herewith shown was devised by the Frisbees for nse in their own trade. The woodwork is hnished in white enamel. Two dozen cans each of the one-fourth, one-half and one- pound size, a twenty-four-pound case of comb-honey and two one-gallon cans are contained in the display, of which they have over four hundred on exhibition in the City of Denver. The quarter-pound size, which retails at five cents, serves to acquaint the prospect- ive buyer with the quality of the goods before investing in a larger quantity, and the firm finds it a great success. The figures on the glass indicate the prices of the various packages. The back of the exhibition case is provided with a door from which the honey is removed as sold, thus leaving the display intact in front. They are now publishing the seventh edition of ten thousand copies of "Food Value of Honey," an illustrated book of .54 pages, printed on nice calenderi*d book paper, and having a beautifully d<»- signed cover, lithographed in colors. These books are distributed free to fam- ilies, and abound in honey recipes, formula and general information relat- ing to honey and its various uses as food and medicine. They attribute their success largely to the educational effect which has resulted from a free use of this book. In addition to this they manufacture a pure honey cough drop of delicious and excellent quality, as we know from personal trial of them. These are on sale at something like forty drug stores in Denver. The Frisbee Company ap- pears to be developing in Denver a business as profitahlo and promising as that which was precluded in Philadel- phia some years ago by th(> deatii of Arthur Todd. It is evident that in this line nuKh'ni methods of honey production iiave paved the way to new and remunera- tive business opportunities. Our many large cities and hundreds of smaller ones afford possibilities for the indefinite extension of this enterprise. No half- hearted trial of the business will ever achieve success. Confidence, determi- nation and experience are necessary; and to such there need be no question as to the successful result. Every bee- keeper and every bee-journal should encourage the enterprise of such toilers for trade in pure honey and its products and thereby extend the present limits of demand. The Frisbee Honey Company affords a splendid example of what others may accomplish. The American Bee- keeper wishes them long life and con- tinued prosperity. They deserve it. PUBLISHED .1IOXTHI,V BY THE W. T. FALCOJfER MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Editor. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies 85 cts. ; 8 copies, ^1.20 : all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, li words; $2.00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seyen per cent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. IC^Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The America X Bee-keepek, Falconer, N.Y. lEF" Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for tlie editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. UilA.. Fort Pierce. Florida. ZW Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that tlieir subscription e.xpires with this number. We hope that yon will not delay favoring us with a renewal. i^W A red wrapper on your paper indicates that j'ou owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. IfHH) THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 151 Whut has the harvest been? Remember the big convention at Chicago an the 28th, 29th and 30th of this month. As the summer waiies so declin- eth many a sturdy hope, now re- posed in fall flowers and buckwheat. Send for sample copies of The American Bee-keeper to distribute among your bee-keeping acquaint- ances, then induce five of them to subscribe, and thereby become en- titled to one of our choice Italian queens, without cost. Current comments in regard to the subject would indicate that bees, poultry and Belgian hares afford a profitable combination in the way of business opportunities for the young man who would pre- fer to avoid the beaten paths in industrial lines. The matter of getting honey and combs in and out of the extracting room without admitting a lot of bees, is a subject that will interest many. We shall try to give an idea next month which renders its accomplishment very simple and practical. The Aaierican Bee-keeper will be sent one year for twenty-five cents to any one presenting certifi- cate of membership in any bee- keepers' society in America. It is ten years old — long since past the experimental stage — its circulation now encircles the globe and is steadily increasing. We know of no other bee- journal which offers a discount of 50 per cent, to , asso- ciation members. If any of our readers on the At- lantic seaboard have a nice article of white clover extracted honey, and would like for variety's sake to have a can of Florida mangrove honey for family use, we should be pleased to exchange a five gallon can with him. Mangrove is a mild- flavored honey, light in color and not so heavy as well-ripened clover. It is regarded by some experts as unsurpassed as a table honey, and some prefer it to the white clover. Speaking of cell-cups having the cocoon base. Dr. Miller, in Glean- ings^ calls attention to the fact that inasmuch as the larva is soon float- ed out of the diminished portion of the cup which is to receive the co- coon, the larval queen has as good a chance for the fullest development as tliose matured in cups having the oval base. While the cups with large bottoms will not answer for the transfer of cocoons, it is appar- ent that the cup constructed for the reception of the cocoon is perfectly adapted to the requirements of those breeders who practice the original Doolittle method, as we ourselves do. In fact, we rather favor the cocoon base when royal jelly and larvae are used. Why, then, should the two styles of base be necessary? Secretary C. R. Russell, of the Worcester County (Mass.) Bee- keepers' Association has sent us a long account of a recent meeting of that body, from a local newspaper. 152 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER August The report shows conclusively that the bee-keepers had a jolly time, and we hope a profitable time was spent, of which there is no occasion for doubt. The reports of such gatherings would be very interest- ing, as well as generally instructive, if their preparation for the press could but be directed by some one conversant with the science and practice of bee-keeping; instead of by some city-bred reporter, who, knowing nothing of the business, is incapable of grasping or portraying any idea or incident intelligently, aside from that which may occur of a ludicrous nature. It is indeed re- markable what unlimited scope the occasional subject of bees, bee- keeping or bee-keepers affords the newspaper man for exercising his wit and wisdom. The frequent meetings of the Worcester Associa- tion, at the apiaries of its members, is after the style of the Philadel- phia bee-keepers, and they are at- tended with much pleasure and profit to those who attend. Mr. H. T. Gifford, in Gleanings^ gives some information in regard to the nature and habits of the red ant which is so destructive to bees in the South. All our published works on bee culture bear evidence of a very limited knowledge of these great pests, whose methods of at- tack render them most difficult to combat. Coming, as they do, ap- parently for the special purpose of slaughtering bees, from the sur- rounding country, and taking up their temporary abode in an old wood-pile, in the long grass, be- tween the walls of a building, in a hollow stump or tree, in a ventilat- ed cover or thickly clustered on the under side of the bottom board, or in the vacant apartment of a con- tracted hive having a weak colony, and their frequent movings from place to place, render the ordinary method of applying bisulphide of carbon, useless. To be effectual the fumes of the carbon must be closely confined ; and with thousands of colonies of ants scattered every- where about in the woods and fields, any one of which is likely to pounce upon the apiary without a moment's warning and entii-ely destroy the colonies attacked in one night, no method of treatment now advocated serves the purpose at all. The man who devises a practical method of guarding against their ravages will immortalize his name in the South. "MUST USE WHAT THE MARKETS DEMAND." Mr. N. E. France, one of the lar- gest producers of honey in this country, in The Bee-keepers' Reme%i\ writes: " If barrels are made of a good quality of staves, kiln-dried and iron-hooped, the barrels then stored in a dry, airy room and the hoops driven up the day barrel is filled, they will never leak. This is our experience for the past twenty years; sending barrels thousands of miles, and to nearly every state east of the Rockies. We must use such packages for honey as our markets demand. The next best package is the 60tb tin can, cased; and where good cooperage cannot be had, and at cheap figures, the boxed tin can package is perhaps as good as any." Saying that a well-coopered and properly prepared barrel " will never leak," is putting it pretty strong; yet Mr. France is a man of experience, and we believe he comes pretty near stating the matter cor- rectly. This matter of packages appears to look quite differently in the eyes of the man who produces honey for a livelihood and the man who buys his product at as low a price as possible and sells it at the woo THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 153 highest possible figure. They can- not see it aiyce, of course; but good barrels are in use, as a shipping- package for honey, to stay, and the middleman must adjust his business accordingly if he will continue to speculate in honey. OUR FRIENDS AGAINST US. A .New York Mall and Express reporter some time since, it is said, met "a man from the country." This man, it is stated, knew another man who lived in the country, and the "other man" was known to produce comb honey extensively by supplying his bees with glucose from an open barrel. A city ac- quaintance of ' ' the man from the country" had an apiary also, and so entirely unaccustomed were the bees to natural flowers that they would shy at a honeysuckle; yet he did a wholesale business in honey. Free access to a supply of liquid glucose was the secret of his suc- cess, which enabled him to do a "wholesale business in honey" with but fifty colonies of bees. City newspapers of the present day are keenly alert for anything and everything that savors of the mysterious or wonderful. The cel- lars and garrets of Christian and heathen lands are ransacked for something to surprise the readei"s of their mammoth Sunday editions. "Interviewing" is the reporter's great hold. The personal responsi- bility for his ideas of the ocean's depths is shifted to the shoulders of the noted diver " interviewed." Some eminent mineralogist or min- ing expert is made to stand between him and personal responsibility while he relates a hair-raising story of the recent discovery of some de- fective flue in the bowels of the earth. He never — hardly ever — fails to quote good authority in laying before his readers the recent very startling revelations through exploits around the celestial bodies while taking temperatures of inter- planetary space for scientific pur- poses, or draws a map of this mun- dane sphere as it will appear a few thousand years hence. He must have what is called in the profession " a nose for news," and be able to round out and convert into a read- able story any traces of something new. He is often required to draw entirely upon his own imagination for readable matter with which to please the managing editor and feed the hungry linotype; that is, if he would hold his job. Is it then any wonder that he should "interview" a man from the country, and learn something start- ling in regard to the mysteries of the little boxes of comb honey of commerce? We think not; and so long as such trashy reading is con- fined to the columns of the news- papers we can probably do no better than to work on, trusting to the developments of our industry to dispel the ignorance which now prevails in regard to bees, honey and bee-keepers' methods. When, however, the agricultural press lends its influence to the propaga- tion of such damaging and exceed- ingly unjust yarns, we draw the line, and in defense of the industry whose interests we cherish as the source of our livelihood, we cannot afford to be unduly modest in ex- posing the actuating cause of such publications. Since they rely for support wholly upon the agricul- tural industry, of which bee- keeping- is but a branch, it appears quite improbable that the motives are malicious. We are then forced to the conclusion that ignorance is responsible for the injustice which they persistently continue to inflict upon the industi'y whose interests they are pledged to guard and 154 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER August support. This Mail and Express item ap- pears to flourish as did the old Wiley "pleasantry" many years ago, and is becoming quite too popular with agricultural papers of the country, and editors who make use of it stand sorely in need of light, which their readers should not hesitate to bestow. Some editors, it is a pleasure to note, gladly accept any information enabling them to make amends for injury inflicted through thought- lessness or ignorance; but there is another class who either refuse or with great reluctance acknowledge an error on their own part, think- ing, no doubt, to thereby avoid a humiliating situation. In Tlte Florida Farmer and Fruit- grovier^ a very prominent agricul- tural paper of the South, under the heading, "The Apiary," this lively brain-child of the Mail and Express hoaxer was the only information (?) given in a recent number. We felt constrained to enter a mild protest in behalf of the slandered industry. Our comments were published in full, but the editor evidently felt it his duty to append, in serious lan- guage, a foot-note, tending to justify continued faith In the origi- nal version. The Farm^ Field and Fireside copied the same slanderous item, and when \h.Q. Atnerican Bee Journal called its attention to the injury such falsehoods work to bee-keeping interests, it was given the laugh for its stupidity in being unable to see the joke. The whole thing was simply a "joke," as the -Farm, Field and Fireside had seen it. He kept on talking, however, until he had clearly demonstrated the fact that he knew little or nothing:: about modern bee-keeping, and spoiled it all. Agricultui'al editors should be informed in the various branches of the industry; and many of them evidently need to brush up a little on "apiculture" before they assume the role of instructor. THE JULY BEE-KEEPER. Emphasizing the Good Things in the Last Number. BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. THE first name we find in reading the July niimber (if The Bee- keeper is that of our old and familiar writer, F. Greiner. While I luive never seen Bro. Greiner in the llesh, still I have learned to love him and call him friend, from the fact that his every effort in writing for the bee- papers seems to be to impart practical information to others so that our pur- suit may be advanced and the world made better by the part he is playing in it. Many are the hints I have obtained from Greiner's writings, which hints, wlien put in practice, have yielded fruit — "some thirty, some sixty and some an hundred fold." Would that all writers could write from as vuiseifish a standpoint as does Brother (Jreiner ! TREVENTION OF SWARMING. 1 hope every reader of The Bee- keeper will read that article of Brother Greiner's until they have it f,ully at their command during every swarming sea- son. I have practiced it much; and where we wish both comb and extracted honey from the same apiary I doubt if there is a better way. of managing bees, whether at the out-apiary or at home. But where we wish to pile up all the comb-honey possible from our bees as well as to secure a moderate increase to make good any loss we may suffer in wintering or otherwise, I have a plan which I prefer to Greiner's, and with- out further emphasizing his, which is the best where both comb and extracted is desired, I will tell the readers of this 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 155 other plan which I use, not only at the out-apiary but at the home-yard as well, for of late years I do not practice natu- ral swarming at all, and very few swarms issue anywhere. When the time arrives to commence operations — this being found out in just the same way Bro. Greiner tells how to do — I go to a strong colony, which we will call No. 1, and shake all of the bees and queen from their combs into a hive prepared as Greiner tells; if I do not have plenty of combs already built and partly filled, or wholly so, with honey. Where I have the combs already built I prefer to use them with this plan rather than have the bees build more. Not only this, but it saves these combs from the moth; and a hive of combs is a great help toward a good yield of comb-honey, where this plan Is used, and especially so where they are filled, or partlj' so, with honey. This prepared hive is placed on the stand of No. 1 before any bees are shaken oflf their combs and the surplus arrangement from the old colony placed thereon. In this way we have a colony as good as one and a half good swarms would make, containing all of the bees and the queen from a populous colony, a hive full of comb and the part- filled sections from No. 1, the whole being ready for work to the best advan- tage during the honey harvest. Next take the combs of brood taken from No. 1 to another populous colony, which we have heretofore called No. 3, having previously moved No. 2 to a new stand a rod or two away. Go to your nucleus or some weak colony and take the comb the queen is on, taking it — bees and all — and shake them off in front of hive on No. 2 stand and let them run in. Now put on the sections and the work is done. At No. 2 you now have a colony composed of a full hive of combs and brood, a good young queen and workers enough to protect her and all the work- ing force from the colony formerly occu- pying the stand of No. 2, which makes a big, strong colony, and, as far as my experience goes, one that will produce a large quantity of honey. The colony moved a rod or two away, now called No. 3, has a hive of combs and brood, thejr old queen, and sections partly filled, but have lost their working force. In from eight to twelve days they are stocked up again with workers and: are also in fine condition for the harvest. , which is now commencing, or in full flow. In this way a large yield of section honey is secured, a moderate increase made, and all done with an assurance of being master of the situation, very much above anything known where allowing natural swarming. CANDIED COMB-HONEY. On page 123 Mr. Applegate gives us something new regarding how to dispose of honey which has candied in the combs, the same being done so that we can reap a good profit from that which we had formerly counted as loss. Many thanks, Bro. Applegate. Where a large amount of solidly candied honey has accumulated in our combs, and we want these combs for early spring use, this plan will be a great blessing and should be remembered by all. But where we are not obliged to use combs of candied honey till hot weather arrives, according to my views, they can be more profitably used than in turning the candied honey into vinegar. Just use them asGreiner suggests, when making shook-off colonies; in fact, use them in any spot or place where frames of comb are wanted, and no trouble will be experienced from the candied honey being wasted by the bees tumbling it out at the entrance or their leaving it in the comb year after year. It is only in cool or cold weather that candied honey is wasted by the bees. In warm weather the heat of the hive and the manipulations of the bees cause it to all liquify, even to the little hard grains which we see thrown out in the spring. In this way I have caused the bees to use combs of honey candied solid with- out waste ; vea, more : they have used 156 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER August them to my advantage by way of turn- ing this honey into bees, or, as in case of shal most interesting or instructive letter for publication, b'ifty cents each for tiie two next best letters. It is not necessary tlnit you say they are sent in competition for the cash or queens; if the matter is found ■•available"' the premiums will be promptly forwarded with our thanks. tf 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 157 Honey and Beeswax Market. Below we give the latest and most authentic re- port of the Honey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: WASHINGTON GUAHIXG Kl'LES. Fancy. — All sections to be well filled, combs straight, ot even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood a.iil comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed ex- cept the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will bo "Fancy white," "No. 1, dark,"' etc. New York, July 17, 1900. There is little stock of comb-honey on the market and practically no demand through our channels, no doubt caused largely on account of risk in shipping during warm weather. W-e usually do little in comb-honey before September, We do not advise the shipment of extracted honey at this time for the reason that there is not much de- mand and quite a liberal supply, although with with our usual trade at this season of the year, it would not take long to clean up. We can hardly report reliable quotations, but must surely look for lower prices than last season. Francis H. Leggett & Co. Boston, July 20, 1900. There is very little of importance to note in the honey market. During the extreme warm weather as usual, the demand is practically nothing, and quotations are necessarily nominal ones. Fancy white will range from Ifi to ITc; A No. 1, 15c; and No. 1 14c., with light supplies. Extracted from ^}4 (s SJ^c, according to quality, with light sup- plies and demand. Blake, Scott & Lee. Chicago, July 20, 1900. The demand for comb-honey is good for this time of the year and the supply about as usual for this season. Best white sells at 15c.; extracted, am- ber 614 ® Tc. Demand for beeswax is good at 27c. for best grades. Prices will rule as quoted above for a short time, but are likely to be lower. There is promise of a good yield. R. A. Burnett »fe Co. Kansas City, Mo., July 20, 1900. Our present stock of comb-honey is just begin- ning to move; the supply is light. Price, 14 fe 14V2 cents; extracted, none. The demand for beeswax is good, with no supply. Prices 22 & 25c. The report from local apiarists is that their production is extremely light, and we think our market will be in good shape for imported shipments. \V. R. Ckomweli, Fri'it a.vd Cider Co., (Successors to C. C. Clemors & Co.) Buffalo, N.Y., July 19, 1900. It is still too early in the season to ship honey, not until September or October, and but little is arriving. Price lor No. 1 comb, 14 @ 15c. Extract- ed, none. The demand for beeswax is good; supply light at 25 (5 30c. No honey wanted till after fruit season, or say October. A few lots of old, selling at 10 (T? 14c. Batterson & Co. President McKinley as an Editor. One of the department heads at Washington re- cently wrote an article for The Ladies' Home Jour- nal which required the President's approval for publication. The President asked that the article be given to him. At the end of the week the man- uscript came back edited in a way which completely won editorial admiration. The President was ap- parently thoroughly conversant with all the marks which editors use in making corrections. Every erasure and interlineation had its proper sign, and each was in the President's own handwriting. PROGRAM OF THE THIRTY-FIRST ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE NATIONAL BEE-KEEPERS' ASS'N. To be Held at Chicago, 111., Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, August 28, 29 and 30, 1900; Sessions to be Held in Wellington Hall, 70 No. Clark St. Tuesday Evening.— Call to order at 7 o'clock. Song, Dr. C. C. Miller, Marengo, 111! "How to Sell Honey," S. A. Niver, Auburn, N.Y. 'Bee-keeping in the City," L. Kreutzinger, Chicago. Question- box. Wednesday Morning 9:30. — Song. Invoca- tion. President's Address, E. R. Root, Medina, O. "Queen Rearing by the Doolittle Method," Mrs. H. C. Acklin, St, Paul, Minn. Question-box. Wednesday Afternoon, 1:30. — Song. "Bee- keepers' Rights and Their Protection by Law," Herman F. Moore, Park Ridge, 111. "Trials of the Commission Man," R. A. Burnett, Chicago, 111. Question-box. Wednesday Evening, 7:,S0. — "Breeding for Longer-tongued Bees," by J. M. Rankin of the Michigan Experiment Station. "Bee-keepers I have Met and Apiaries I have Visited," by E. R. Root, assisted by Dr. C. C. Miller, Dr. A. B. Mason, E. T. Abbott and others. Illustrated by a stereopticon. Thursday Morning, 9:30.— Song. Invocation. "Various Forms of Disease Among Bees, Cause and Cure," Dr. Wm. R. Howard, Ft. Worth, Tex. Report of General Manager, Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest Hill, la. "Pure Food Legislation," Rev. E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo. Question-box. Thursday Afternoon, 1:30. — Song. "Chemis- try of Honey, and How to Detect Its Adulteration," by Thomas VVm. Cowan, Pacific Grove, Cal. "How to Ship Honey to Market and in What Kind of Packages," Geo. W. York, Chicago, 111. Question- box. Thursday Evening. — "Co-operative Organiza- tion Among Bee-keepers," R. C. Aikin, Loveland, Col. "My Trip Through Wisconsin and Minneso- ta," W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Illustrated by a stereopticon. Unfinished business. One prominent feature of the next convention will be the stereopticon work. Messrs. Root and Hutch- inson, with a powerful stereopticon, will project upon the screen some photos of apiaries they have visited in various portions of the United States. The convention will be held in Wellington Hall, 70 North Clark St., about a block and a half from the office of the American Bee Journal, and about five blocks directly north of the Court-house. The hotel at which delegates may secure lodging is the Revere House, about half a block from the conven- tion hall. The rate will be 50 cents per night, good beds will be provided, but several will have to oc- cupy the same room. A room with a single bed will be $2.00 per night and two can share if they wish. Near the hall are first-class restaurants where meals can be secured at reasonable rates. It is assumed that railroad rates during G. A. R. week will be low, probably a cent a mile. Chicago is a central point, and there will undoubtedly be a large attendance; and, considering the attractions, it is earnestly hoped that bee-keepers will turn out in good strong force. E. K. Root, President. Dk. A. B. Mason, Secretary. 158 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEH AlKJUSt LARCESTANDMoSTCoMPLETEBuCCYfACTORY on EaRTH WrITE FOR Prices AND ^^Catalocue Our Goods Are The Best Our Price the lowest Parry MFC.S'"'"''"'p°''=-,n. WORK at HOME We want refined ladies and gentlemen to work for us at home. Recreation for the wealthy; profitable em- ployment for all. Also agents; $t; to $20 a week. Full particulars for two-cent stamp. 4-7t The Nickellet Co.. Lynn, Mass. UNION COMBINATION SAW For Ripping, Cross-cutting, Mitering, Rabbet ing. Grooving. Bor iug, (Jaining. Scroll Sawing. Kiigc Mold ing. Be;iding, etc. Full line foot and HANI) POWEK Ma chinery. Send foi < dialogue A SENECA FALLS MFG CO. 1-15 46 Water St., Seneca Falls, N.Y. /^ I If you are not a subscribsr Un6 *" '^^^ Poultry VoQr ! i^^^^^t^'y- '"-" I VJ^Tli silver, and get this vigorous I up-to-date potiltry journal I I \f^ one whole year. Every i \ /I J, I copy is worth the year's ' subscription price. The Poultry Industry, 3« Box 218, Gouverneur, N.Y. Every Reader ^Lljlr tTntued ufa free sample of The Practical Poultryman if he will send name and address on a postal. This is to get you interested in one of the best poultry journals published, with the e.\pectation that you will send .'iO cents for a year's subscription if you find the paper just what we say it is— a live, hust- ling, practical, reliable, semi-monthly journal. You need the paper: we want your support. Try it. Address, Practical Poultryman, tf Whitney's Point, N.Y. The Self Culture Magazine (81.00 a year) with The American Bee-keeper, SI. 00 a year. NEWUFETEA ALWAYS CURES CONSTIPATION, INDIGE5JTION, SICK HmAD/VCHE, And imparts new life to tjie whole system. At all druggists and dealers, 2.5c, or sent by mail, if your dealer will not supply you. Address, LANOHAn riED. CO., LE ROY, N. Y. Although the Farmers' Institute Bulletin Ls published at $1.00 per year, for a limited time the proprietors of that great Agricultural Quarterly will send the paper for Five Years for $1-00 providing you will name this paper when you send in the $1.00. This is a splendid opportunity to get the choicest of agricultural papers at a nominal price. Farmers' Institute Bulletin, 4 tf Fayetteville, N.Y. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 159 Early Queens! Earlier Queens ! ! Earliest Queens !!! Our strain of Italian Queens we believe to be unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our location being farther south than that of any other breeder in the United J^tates we can ship queens any day in the year. No disease. Warranted Queens $1, six for ?5, or $9 per dozen. Safe arrival guaranteed. Southern Bee Company, H. E. HILL, Manager. Fort Pierce, Indian River, 4tf Florida. BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. This cut represents our Combined Machine, which is the best machine made for use in the construction of Hives, Sections, Boxes, etc. Sent on trial. Send for Cata- logue and Price List. ^ W. P. & John Barnes Co., 913 Ruby St., Rockford, 111. Please mention American Bee-keeper. Poultry, Bees and pi^uit is a combination that has been a success with our most prosperous farmers. It is also a monthly journal devoted exclusively to these industries at 35 cents a year. You can get it for 15 cts. a year for a short time to introduce it. Better send stamps to-day and get it for a year. Advertis- ing rates low. Address: Ponltry, Bees and Fruit. 4tf Davenport, la. NEVER NEGLECT A COLD OR COUGH Neglect a Cold or Cough and if La Grippe don'i get you. Consumption wU" CUSHMAN'S INHAI^ER cures colds and all diseases of the breath- way passages. You loseriollnrs in doc- tor bills in not lieepingCUSKMAN'S INIIAr.KR handy to drive off a cold or congh or nore throat at Its very first approach. If jrou can't get It nt Drngglsts send for It mall, 50 cents* Send for Rook on HenthoU CVSHJIAN IIKUGCO., VINCENNKS, IND., U. t^ When writing to advertisers say: " I saw your adv't in The American Bee-keeper." By free. 8. A. $25,000 to be given away for closest estimate of the 1900 census of the United States. IF YOU SUBSCRIBE FOR FARM NEWS, the greatest of America's farm journals, 50 cents a, year, you may guess at the census and receive free a certificate which if you win will entitle you to participate in $25,000 in 1000 cash prizes. Awards based on the 1900 official census of the United States — e.xclusive of the new island posses- sions. Preserve your certificates carefully. FIRST PRIZE,$15, Second Prize, t Third Prize Fourth Prize Fifth Prize Sixth Prize Seventh Prize Eighth Prize Ninth Prize Tenth Prize Eleventh Prize Twelfth Prize Thirteenth Prize. . 000 5,000 1,000 .500 300 200 100 90 80 75 60 50 40 Fourteenth Prize. . Fifteenth Prize Sixteenth Prize Seventeenth Prize. Eighteenth Prize.. Nineteenth Prize . . Twentieth Prize — 180 Prizes of *6.00. 100 Prizes of 4.00. 100 Prizes of 2.50. 300 Prizes of 2.00. 400 Prizes of 1.00 . $ 35 35 25 25 15 10 10 900 400 250 400 400 1,000 prizes. $25,000 Special, until Aug. 15th, three free guesses with two years' subscription at $1 .OO. If you get up a club of six or more, giving each a guess, you also get a guess for each subscriber. If you wish a number of guesses before the con- test closes we will send ten Postal Due Bills each good for a year's subscription for $5.00 and give twenty guesses free. If two or more tie, prizes will be divided equally. The plan is copyrighted by the Press Publishing Association, and approved by Postoffice Depart- ment. The Press Publishing Association has deposited $25,000 in the Central Savings Bank of Detroit, which cannot be withdrawn until all prizes are paid. Send all subscriptions, guesses and money to Farm News Co., Springfield, Ohio. SHINE! The Empire Washer Company, Jamestown, N.Y. make a Shine Cabinet, furnished with foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe rubber— in fact, all articles and materials needed to keep shoes looking their best— and as it is made to be fastened to the wall of toilet room or kitchen, it does away with the vexatious searching after these articles which is altogether too common. A postal will bring you details of this and other good things. 160 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER August g>lll!tl!ll!!l!!!lllinMt!!fl!!mM!m!l!!imilllinitll»ll»llllinitttlltllimi!llimi»lll!ll»!!l!l»!!lfinilTimf!tl!l!llllllllll»H!liits taken through Munn & Co. receive speciiil notice, without charge, in the Scientific Jlitierican. A handsomely illustrated weekly. I-argcst cir- culation of any scientific journal. Terms, f3 a year ; four months, Jl. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN &Co.36'Broadway. New York Branch Office, S25 F St., Washington, D. C. The New C. Von Cuiin INCUBATOR. Poultry-keeping combines very nicely with bee- keeping. The New C. Von Culin Incubator, made by tlie \V. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Jamestown, N.V., is what you need to make it successful. Send for Catalogue and read "What They Say" and you will know it is the best yet invented. .377 Gennison St., Grand Rapids, Mich. Jan. 12, 1899. C. Von Culin: Incubator 1 bought of you has proved itself a wonderful success. First hatch of 200 eggs I got I'.lii chicks. Mrs. C. W. DeYoung. The Chautauqua Drying Bars is an invention for saving room in crowded kitchens which will surely be appreciated by every housekeeper. The warmest and dryest air in a room is al- ways overhead, and clothes Lung upon these radiating bars, which are attached by a couple of screws to the wall, are not only out of the way but in the best part of the room for drying quickly and thor- oughly. Price $1.00. Made only by The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. Hars are all raised or lowered by one motion. Beeswax wanted QIVEN We will pay 24 cents cash or 26 1 WT A \T cents in goods for good quality of ' /\ VV J\ Y Beeswax, freight paid to FALCON- ■*■ ^ ^ ^ ■*■ ^ *■ ER, N.Y. If you have any, ship it to us at once. [Prices subject to change without notice] Tlie W. T. Falconer Mfs;. Co. 3-Biaiieii Spoitsmaii's Knife wont $1.50. ECCS IN WINTER Are easily obtained under ri:ilit conditions and proper attention. Subscribe for our poultry pauer and learn how. 25 cts. a year. Sample copy fre_\ THE POULTRY ITEM, Box 190, Fricks, Pa. This cut is one-half its size. Write at once and we will I ell you how we do it. Address The Amateur Sportsman, 27 N. PARK PLACE. NEW YORK. 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every NEW SUBSCRIBER sending $1.00 for the WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year will receive a copy of Newman's 160 page "Bees and Honey" free. The old American Bee Journal is great this year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee JoumaHree. Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. Tlie Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 1897. Circulation .5,000. Devoted exclusively to creamery aud dairy in terests and'diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Israel, Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. NorfolLYa. f For papers, maps, ' facts and figures, "i send to A. Jeffers, [Norfolk, Va. 2-12 BEE SUPPLIES from LEWIS They are the finest. THOUSANDS OF BEE HIVES, MILLIONS OF SECTIONS,' Ready for Prompt Shipment. G- B- LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., = — = — = U. S. A. Branch: G. B. LEWIS CO., 19 So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. A small Poultry Farm Is Better than a Gold Mine Uyou know hov to rno the business* There's $ Millions $ in it, bat nine out of ten fail In It because they do not know the secret of Success with L^wVoVetTlie Money In Hens. Do you know how to get it ? Our New Poultry Book will tell you how. It tells you all about poultry and explains why some (a few) succeed and others (the many) fail. This invaluable Book given Free as pre- Biinm with our Farm and Poultry paper WAYSIDE tSJLEANIXGS. 3 months for 10 cents. Address P B. WAYSIVE PCBLISllIKU CO., CUntonviUe Conn, tf When you Set Hens if you want the eggs to hatch, the chickens to grow and do well, use plenty of Lam- bert's Death to Lice Powder on them. Put it in the nest, on the hen, and any- where you want to; it injures nothing but vermin. Trial size 10 cents, postpaid. A i- ary; or some Colden Five-band Queens, with the chances good for getting five breeders to one crossmated, at 7,5 cts. each, favor me with souje orders and see how promptly they will be executed. Mofley order office Wakkenton. W. H.PRIDCEN, Htf Creek, (Warren Co.), N C. WHEN YOU DROPaDOLLAR it is a good plan to look where it strikes, that you may pick it up again. When you invest a dollar for advertising space in Poultry Pointers, at our special rate, it is just like dropping a dollar where you can pick up TWO. ^\'rite at once for sample copy, special rates and full particulars to I-'OUL.TK'L' POINTEKS Office. .5tf :iO(; West Main Street, Ionia, Mich. The very best bee-keepers in the United States as well as in other countries, get their Supplies from The W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Company, of Jamestown, N.Y. They have good reasons for doing so; you should do likewise. Our Sections (Falcon brand) have not yet been equaled. Send for catalogue. ►♦* ►*« • Entered at the PostofiBce, Falconer, X.Y.. as second-class matter. Incubator Free on trial The NEW C. YON CULIN INCUBATOR is the most j)erf ect in Ventilation, Moisture aiid Heat. It hatches every hatchable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y. Another Big Offer ! As 1 have explained in previous advertise- ments, the publisher of a good journal can afford to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his journal into new hands. I have in the past made several such offers, but here is one that I consider especially liber- al. If you are not a subscriber to the Bee-keepers' lieVieW, send me $1.30 and I will have your subscription to The American Bee-keepeu renewed for one year, send you 12 back numbers of THE REVIEW, and then THE REVIEW for all of 1900. Remember two things : You must be a NEW subscriber to THE RE- VIEW, and the order must be sent to W. Z. HaTGHINSON, Flint, Mich. f HOW TO MAKE MONEY With POULTRY & PIGEONS. 36 paqo book ou onrf, mana^cnu'nt,, building ami otlior plans, receipts and other valuable iufi rmation. Hail- ed for a2 ct. stani;i. H. H. Fkick, KniCKS, Pa. S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Land Departui(>nt, Florida East Coast Railway. Perrine Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. i if If, H If, BIFGHAM ) has made all the im- provements in k Bee Smokers and ^ Honey Knives made in the last 20 years, undoubtedly he makes the best on earth. Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, -per mail $1.50 3^ inch 1.10 Knife, SO cents. 3 inch l.Oi 2!^ inch : T.F.Bingham, ? i°^''vi;--y •■,■.• _ .■*^_. . Little Wonder, 2 in. .h Farwell, Mich. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. $1.00 a year. Address, C'O.NN ECTK'UT FARMER, Hartford, Conn tf To Repair Broken Arti- cles use itidjor's Cemeiit Remember f MAJOR'S RUBBER- ^' J CEMENT, 'J MAJOR'S T LEATHER CEMENT fURCESTANDMoSTCoMPLETEBUGCYf^CTORY on EaRTH WrITE FOR Prices AND Catalogue Our Goods Are The Best-^**^ Our Price the Lowest Parry Mfc.S*'"^'^^"'p°' hid. PATENTS GUARANTEED Our fee returned if we faiL Any one sending sketch and description of any invention will promptly receive our opinion free concerning the patent- ability of same. "How to obtain a patent" sent upon request. Patents secured through us advertised for sale at our expense. Patents taken out through us receive special notice^ without charge, in The Patent Record, an iUustrated and widely circulated journal, consulted by Manufacturers and Investors. Send for sample copy FREE. Address, VICTOR J. EVANS & CO., (Patent Attorueys,) Evans Building, - WASHINGTON, D, C, WORK at HOME We want refined ladies and gentlemen to work for us at home. Recreation for the wealthy; profitable em- ployment for all. Also agents; ^U to $20 a week. Full particulars for two-cent stamp. 4-7t The Nickellet Co., Lynn, Mass. UNION COMBINATION SAW. For Ripping, Cross-cutting, Mitering, Rabbet- ing, Grooving, Bor- ing, Gaining, Scroll Sawing, Edge Mold- ing, Beading, etc. Full line foot and HAND POWER Ma- chinery. Send for Catalogue A. SENECA f^ALLS MFG. CO.. 1-12 45 Water St., Seneca Falls, N.Y. There's information in advertisements. One Year 10c. If you are not a subscriber *° The Poultry Industry, «-^,^- silver, and get this vigorous up-to-date poultry journal one whole year. Every copy is worth the year's subscription price. The Poultry Industry, ■■^tf Box 218, Gouverneur, N.Y. UNITED STATES BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. General Manager and Treasurer— Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, la. nnfyiiiii»i!i!iii!!>!iit!miin!iTiiii!!!i»iiimimiitimtmiiinfm!!iiii!!!niMiiiiii!ii!i!ifimmnii!mTiiiiii>iiiiTiiin»ti^^^^ |The Lamp of Steady Habits| The lamp that doesn't flare up or smoke, or cause you to use bad language ; the lamp that looks good when you get it and stays good; the lamp that you never willingly part with, once you have it ; that's be new Rocbeiten Other lamps may be offered you as " just as good " — they may be, in some respects, but for all around goodness, there's only one. To make sure the lamp offered you is genuine, look for the name on it ; every New Rochester lamp has it. We make oil stoves too, just as good as the lamps; in fact, anything in oil or gas fixtures. The Rochester Lamp Co., I 38 Park Place and 33 Barclay St., New York. aMmiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiuiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii»iuiiiiiiiiiiiimui»iiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiimuuiumiiiiaiiiiitiiimiifl SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT Outing ♦ ♦ ♦ FOR 1900 Anillustrated Magazine of SPORT. TRAVEL and ADVENTURE Eo-TEO Bv CASPAR WHITNEY ENLARGED AND IMPROVED BeginnlnK with the April Issue Every Branch of Sport Discussed by Experts. Special Comment by Recog- nized Authorities Tales of Travel and Adventure by the Most En- tertaining and Instructive Writers in this F'ield SOME OF THE CONTRIBUTORS TO THE NEW outing: Rudyard Kipling Gov Theodore Roosevelt Gov. -Gen LeouardWood Ernest Seton-Thoinpson Frederic Remington Heniy Savage Landur John Fox, .Jr. Owen Wlstei Richard Harding Davis C. Grant l.ii Karge Paul Leicester Ford Charles F Luninila Gilbert Parker W A. Fraser F C Se4ous E. T. D. Chambers H. P. Wells W. P. Stephens Walter Camp E Housrh T. S. Van Dyke Dean Sage Dr D. G Elliot Paul Du Challlu Jesse Lynch Wllllann Caspar Whitney AND AMONG TIIK ARTISTS : A B. Frost, Howard Pyle. Walter Appleton Clark, and Frederic Remington The Outing Publishing Co., i NEW YORK. J The EMPIRE PORTABLE FOLDING BATH TUB has been quite fully described in these columns in past issues. We have not mentioned it in the last few issues, but there are still a few left to be dis- posed of at the manufacturer's price, $18.00. If you bought this tub, or a similar one, in any furn- iture store it would co.»t you *;{0.00 at least. They are one of the handsomest and most durable articles ever offered at $18.00. We only desire to secure the bare cost in exchange, as we have sub- stituted other lines in their place in our factory, and want the room they occupy in our warehouses for other goods. Ask us any questions you wish. The EMPIRE WASHER CO., Jamestown, N.Y. Vol. X Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. SEPTEMBER, 1900 No. 9 THE AUGUST BEE-KEEPER. Emphasizing the Good Things in the Last Number. BY G. -M. DOOLITTLE. TWO bright faces greet us on open- ing the August number of The American Bee-keeper. That frontispiece is a marvel of perfection. What would our fathers (who talked about wood-cuts and later of steel engrav- ings) have thought aboui the perfection of engravings from photographs of the present? Surely, ''the world do move!" (rive us more such bright faces, Mr. Editor. preparing for winter and spring in midsummer. S. M. Keeler is the writer of the first article, and talks about something worthy of the attention of every apiar- ist. The art of preparing our bees in July, August and the forepart of Sep- tember, so that they mav winter well, is one of the good things not often touched upon in our bee-papers. This used to be one of the good things Elisha (iallup used to write about in the early seventies; but of late little has been said of the matter. Where brood-rearing is carried forward into September, little fear need be had, as far as the age of bees is concerned, as to thei»' safe win- tering; and plenty of September-reared bees will almost insure safe wintering, other things being proportionately right. And those words. "P"'eed enough in July and August, if necessary to keep up brood-rearing," would be a good sen- tence to have printed in big letters on a sign-board and put up in the apiary for the one who is prone to give no heed to this wintering problem till November, as many of us are apt to do. Thank you, Mr. Keeler, for calling our atten- tion to the matter at this time. see that each has a queen-cell. Brother Greiner is again on hand with a very instructive and practical article ragarding re-queening.- He tells us all how it is done, so that us older ones can catch on to the fullest extent; but for the benefit of the novice I will call attention to a little item that Brother Greiner takes for granted all will under- stand. Those who have been "through the mill" of bee-keeping often think that all the minutiCB need not be told; but my experience when starting, thirty- one years ago, often tells me that it is just this minutkc that beginners wish to know about most of all. In the first quarter of the first col- umn, page 142, Greiner tells us how to make three little colonies out of what is left of the parent colony seven days after it has cast a swarm. After these little colonies are formed, he tells us to "leave them undisturbed till the young queen has become fertile." Bro. Greiner and myself know that there is something more to be done than to simply set off those three parts of his 162 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September Heddon hive, or half stories, upon bot- tom boai'ds, to insure a laying queen in each part. But the novice might not realize that it was necessary to know that each pait had a queen-cell. Of course, there would be such a thing possible that a queen-cell might be in each part, left there when the swarm issued, but the probabilities are that, more often than otherwise, there would be queen-cells in only one part, or two at most. And queens come from queen- cells only. Read the article over again: it will pay you well for a careful perusal the second time. CONTROLIJNG ROBBERS. The article found under this heading, on pages 143 and 144, is without a signa- ture. Who wrote it I cannot even guess. There are many good things in it and many good things left out. For once I will touch on the good things left out. The first good thing left out, as it appears to me, is that robbers are very troublesome only in the spring before either honey or polh-n is to be had from flowers. Moses. Quinby, that pioneer in bee-keeping, once said, "There is no ex- cuse for bees being robbed at any other time than in the spring of the year," and I think he was very nearly correct. After young bees are emerging from the cells plentifully, any colony that is fit to be called by that name, will protect itself from robber-bees, and if it is not fit to be called a colony as late in the sea- son as this, the bee-keeper is at fault, not the bees. The first hot days in early spring are the ones in which every hive is pried into by robbers, and if any colony is weak in old bees, these robbers find it out and pilfer the honey, if possible. If this same persistency to rob was kept up all tiirongh the season, nuclei and weak colonies wonld suffer: and so I say it is a good thing for the apiarist that this only happens in early spring. Another good thing is to know in spring on which side of tiic hive (or in the middle) the bcies an^ clustered be- fore their first flight, or as soon there- after as possible: and immediately in front of the cluster is the place for the entrance. If the bees are clustered on one side of the hive, and the honey is mainly on the other side of the hive, as is generally the case, it is only to invite th(^ robbers to have the entrance on the side where the honey is. This one item alone, gained by reading TheAmkricax Bee-keeper, is worth more than the price of the paper for a year to anyone who is not already familiar with it. Another good thing and. to my mind the best of all, is to fix all weak colonies and all nuclei in any hive as follows (for only weak colonies and nuclei are subject to robbing at any time of the year): Just at night, on some cloudy, cool day (not so cool but that bees can fly), or under a tent, take the combs all out of the hive, then place a frame of honey next one side of the hive. Next to this put the frames of brood they have — one, two or three, and next the last frame a division board, filler or dummy, as they are differently called by different persons when speaking of the same thing. To digress a little: Take a piece of inch or seven-eighths board and make it so it will fit your hive below the rabbeting on which the frames hang loosely, and to the top of this nail the top bar of a frame. Hang it in the hive the same as a frame and you have just as good a division board, filler or dummy as can be made. To return; having your two, three or four frames and your dummy in. say the west part of your hive, make the entrance at the bottom at the extreme east side; and for the two-frame colony give an entrance %'>i% of an inch; for the tliree-frame colony make the entrance % high by % long; for the four-frame colony make the en- tranct % high by one inch long, and you will never have any trouble from robbing at any time of the year, provid- ing said colonies have a queen, some little brood, and bees enough to in any way protect or cover those combs. If a woo THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 163 robber-bee should enter the entrance after so fixed, it must travel over all the vacant space to the dummy, ready to be met by a guard at any time, then go under the dummy where the guards are doing duty the same as at the entrance, and if it succeeds in passing there and reaching a comb, it is a comb having brood in it, not honey, the honey only being reached after passing through all of the hive and all of the bees, clear to the furtho;:- side, and no robber-bee will make such a venture. But here I am again to the limit of my space, and I have not touched on more than one out of five of the things I would like to in the August Kee-kp:eper. Borodino, N.Y., Aug. 11, 1900. THIS AND THAT. Experiences and Suggestions from an Amateur. BY FRED. Z. JUNES. SEEING that you invite short art- icles for publication, I thought perhaps I might have something to say that would he interesting on that line to those who keep a few bees as a side-issue and have not time or inclina- tion to follow out the advanced rules of bee-keeping. I have ten to fifteen colo- nies in Dadant hives, sheltered in a bee-house, which serves to protect them from the severe winter winds. My way of preparing for cold weather is to re- move any supers that may be on hives, and spread over them several thick- nesses of old carpet or bed-quilts; or, in fact, any old thick cloth. Last winter was the most severe known here for a long time, the mercury staying around twenty to thirty degrees below zero for two or three weeks, and I never lost a col- ony, while all my neighbors lost heavily; some being completely cleaned out. This treatment also brings them out strong in the spring. Have produced nothing so far but comb-honey, and still am not troubhid with excessive swarming, get- ting not above '20 per cent, of an in- crease. At first I took to cutting out queen-cells, but later discovered that it was not necessary with these big hives, especially if I am careful to put on supers in time. It is very rarely indeed that they send out a second swarm when left to their own option in the matter. It is self-apparent that I am an advocate of large hives, especially for those bee-keepers who do not follow it as an exclusive business. For those who have time to devote to them, it would undoubtedly pay better, finan- cially, to follow out the modern plans as outlined in ihe bee-literature of the day. Last season I tried a few tall sections with fence separators and am rather in- clined to be pleased with them, although my experience was too limited to form a very correct opinion. Am convinced, though, that it will pay no one to go to the expense of changing their present outfit for plain sections and fence sepa- rators who depend on local markets in small towns for their surplus sales, for the reason that the trade will not pay a fancy price for a fancy article, but pre- fer a grade that they can sell cheap; at least that has been my experience. Most honey producers, I judge, have the most trouble in disposing of their off grades, but it is different here, as the cheap honey goes the more readily. I natural- ly, therefore, try to sell the better grades first. The best price here for fancy clover in 3^x.5 plain sections was 14c., same in store trade af that; off grades bring 9c. to 10c. I want to say a few words in regard to the advisability of keeping bees in a building. You need no hive-covers, which is a considerable saving, and then you can work with the bees any time, regardless of the weather. They also take up less room than where they are outdoors, which is a point of some mo- ment if you are located' in town. Hives will last almost indefinitely when pro- tected this way; and the protection af- forded to the bees from the elements is considerable. Have kept bees both ways 164 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September tmd would not think of goin;>; back to the open-yard plan. If the building is planned right, you have all tools and appliances^ right at your hand to work with instead of being obliged to hunt around for what you need. There are other points of advantage which the use of a bee-house will give to those who once try it. Tidioute, Pa., Jan. 2.'), 1900. NOTES FROM THE KEYSTONE STATE. BY M. F. UEEVE. PENNSYLVANIA BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOC" S. THE Philadelphia Bee-keepers' As- sociation, which claims to be the oldest organization of the kind in the United States, does not care to lose its individuality by becoming the nucleus for a proposed Pennsylvania State Asso- ciation. As a matter of fact, its mem- bership is not res};rlcted to Philadelphia but includes Camden, Merchantville, Palmyra, Collingswood and other New- Jersey towns, and Montgomery and Del- aware Counties in Pennsylvania. Mrs. E. S. Starr, who is working actively in the matter, has been made chairman of a committee, appointed at a bee-keeper's meeting, to obtain copies of the chart<>rs and other data of State Associaations of New York and elsewhere. A consid- erable membership is already promised. The need of a Pennsylvania State Asso- ciation, it is claimed, is becoming more and more apparent as a protective measure. ABOUT MOTHS AND MOTH WOKMS. Have any of the readers of The American Bee-keeper ever heard that "lump indigo" is a preventive of bee- moth ? I never did, until a stranger in the vicinity came over to my place to inquire about queens, and imparted the wonderful secret. "I'll tell you something that nobody knows anything about except myself: If you want to keep away the bee-moth." he said mysteriously, "just leave a lump of indigo inside on the bottom- board of the hive, and I guarantee yon will never have any trouble with the worms or millers.'' I told my informant I had never come across this before in any bee-journal or heard of it, but that I was aware that indigo coloring in sugar syrup was considered dangerous to the brood. He assured me that it was not injurious in lump form except to the moth and its larvaj. Talking about motli-worms, reminds me that last spring I received a lot of empty brood-combs from a Maryland party, which were utilized when the season began, except one hiveful that were overlooked and left in the liouse loft. When they were examined, late in July, they were literally a mass of moth-worms and cocoons. The larvse had even got into the joints of the floor and gone into the chrysalis state. When I got through killing millers and picking out cocoons from the corners of frames and the floor, there was a double handful. These all went into the fire. The hive, filled witii the frames, was placed on top of a strong colony and tlie bees soon cleared out the galleries i made by the worms and smoothed every- thing up. There the combs remained as the best place for them. A peculiar experience in wintering. I don't suppose the experience was 1 peculiar to myself, but the bees certain- ly played queer pranks with the winter covering, last spring. Last fall, in making things snug for the winter, 1 made loose burlap bottoms, which were i tacked around the inside edge of the deep Falconer supers, leaving a sort of bagging projection beneath. The supers were then filled with dry beech leaves and placed on top of the Hill's devices over the colonies and, after fastening the supers securely to the bodies, the bees were left alone for the winter. It was late in the spring before woo THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 165 I had an opportunity to look over things and take off the winter coverings. Well, if the industrious tenants hadn't taken and propolized the Hill's device fast to the burlap bottoms of the supers and built bridge-combs in several hives, reaching from the tops of the frames up to the under sides of the wooden cross- pieces of the Hill frames! Did I throw these bridge combs away or melt them up, after cutting them from the frames? Not much! I uncapped and placed them on dinner plates and gave them to the colonies that made them. After the bees had cleaned out the honey, I saved the empty pieces of comb and fastened them into sections with melted wax. I used them for starters. The wax was as white as snow and they were all right for that. This may not be according to Gunter, but that's no matter. RuTLEGE, Pa., Aug. 8, 1900. UNITING BEES. Also Valuable Suggestions Concerning Cellar Wintering, Temperature, Ar- rangements etc. BY G. M. UOOLITTLE. A CORRESPONDENT writes, saying: •T have some weak colonies of bees which, I fear, will not win- ter as they are. How would it do to unite two of these weak colonies to- gether ? Please tell us about this in The American Bee-keeper." This is the proper thing to do, and the time to do it is the latter part of September or the first of October ; but if you are on the lookout for a warm day it may be done even in November, though it is not best to wait as late as that, as a rule. Two weak colonies kept separate will consume nearly twice the stores which both would united, and very likely perish before spring, while, if put together, they would winter as well as any good colony. To unite such colonies late in the season, the following is a good plan: If one of the queens is known to be inferior to the other, hunt out the inferior one and kill her, so that the best queen may survive; otherwise you need pay no attention to the queens for one of them will soon be killed after uniting. Having the (^ueen matter disposed of, go to the colonies you wish to unite and blow smoke quite freely in at the en- trance, pounding on top of the hive at the same time with the doubled-np fist or with a stick of wood with a cloth wound around it so it will not mar the hive or make too sharp a noise rather than a heavy jar. When both have been treated in this way, wait four or five minutes for the bees to fill them- selves with honey, when one is to be put on a wheelbarrow and wheeled to where the other stands, and both opened. Now select out the combs from both hives which contain the most honey, setting them in one hive. In thus set- ting in it is always best to alternate the frames, whereby the bees are so mixed up, as well as being full of honey, that they have no desire to fight, for each bee touched by another is a stranger, filled with honey. Then, their being full of honey makes them so they are not in- clined to take wing and fliy back to their old home under our manipulation. After the hive is filled, arrange the quilt or honey-board and put on the cover. Next put a wide board down in front of the hive, leading up to the entrance, and pro- ceed to shake the bees off the remaining frames, taking first a frame from one hive and then one from the other, thus mixing the bees as before. After all are in set the wide board up against the front of the hive, sloping over the en- trance so that the next time the bees fly they will bump against it, so to speak, thus causing them to mark their loca- tion anew, so that none will return to their old location and get lost. Also remove all relics of the old hive, so that there is no home-like appearance about the old loca tion to entice them back 166 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September Put the remaining combs away in some safe place for the next season's use, and the work is done. CELLAK WINTERING. Another correspondent writes, saying: "I desire to try cellar wintering with my bees the coming winter, as I have not been very successful in wintering out on the summer stands. Will it do to put the bees in a cellar where per- sons are going in after vegetables every day? And how is it best to arrange the bees in the cellar?" A cellar which will keep vegetables will answer very well for the bees, and the going into it every day need not dis- turb the wintering bees, if the persons entering are cautious about jarring them, or needlessly disturbing the hives in any way; especially if the bees are placed so that the light from the lamp cannot shine direct into the entrance to the hives. If the cellar is kept dark during the winter all that is necessary to do is to turn the entrance of the hives toward the cellar wall; but if the cellar is light, a place in one corner should be partitioned off so as to make the part which is to contain the bees dark. Bees have been wintered well in cellars where the light of day was al- lowed to enter; but, as a rule, bees winter best in a cellar into which no light of the sun ever enters while they are in It. The hives should also be ten to fifteen inches from the cellar floor, the bench or platform on which they stand resting on the ground instead of being nailed to the sleepers above, otherwise the jar caused by any movement on the floor above would disturb the bees and tend to make them uneasy, thus causing more or less loss. Rats and mice should also be excluded from the cellar where bees are to be wintered; for of the two. I would rather chance the jar from children playing over bees than of rats and mice running about and through the hives. Many colonies of bees are lost each year from rats and mice in cellars during the winter. The full entrance to the hives should be given where fast bottom boards are used, and with movable bottom boards, the same should be left on the summer stands and the hives raised two or more inches above the bench or hives on which they rest. Where honey-boards are u?ed, I prefer to remove them, substituting several thicknesses of old carpet, or else a chaff or sawdust cushion two or three inches thick, through which the moisture from the respiration of the bees may escape; but still keep them dry and warm. The bees should be set in, about tlie middle of November and taken out about the time the elm and soft maple blos- soms, or when the first pollen in tlu^ spring is bi'ought in. Some recommend setting in later and taking out earlier; but my experience has been that the sudden changes, both in the late fall and early spring, are very damaging to bees, whether wintered in the cellar or out of doors, and it is best to avoid them where we can as well as not, as is the case in cellar wintering. The right temperature of a cellar to winter bees best is from 43 to 45 degrees, but if fixed as above given, they will do very well as low as 35 to 40 degrees. If the cellar is one where the temperature goes as low as the freezing point and stays there any length of time, I should prefer to leave the bees on their summoi' stands, for a continued temperature at about the freezing point or a little be- low, seems to be very injurious to bees. IJorodino, N.Y. ANOTHER " HILL'S DEVICE." ANY device which will facilitate the reception of honey and the dis- charge of empty combs to and from the extracting room without admit- ting an annoying number of bees, will be of interest to the producer of extracted honey. The length of tiAie that is ne- cessary to carry or wheel the honey in- side, and receive the combs, is ample to admit, through the open doors enough 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 167 of buzzing robbers to make things de- cidedly unpleasant during the latter part of the day. We present herewith a crude sketch of a device calculated to expedite the ex- change of combs of honey for empty combs ; and that without letting in a lot of bees. For the idea we are indebted to Mr. L. G. Hill, of Buffalo, N.Y., who has grown from childhood to old age in the study and practice of bee- keeping. Though we have not tested the arrangement practically, we have no doubt that it will serve the purpose for which it is designed. It is constructed of two circular pieces of one-inch stuff, substantially cleated to give the necessary rigidity, of the HILL'S TURX-TABLE. same diameter as the aperture in the outside wall of the building, cut at a convenient place and height. Another firmly cleated piece, after the plan of a plain door, and of the same size as the opening in the wall, is securely fixed between the circular pieces, which have a journal centrally placed at either end to hold it in an upright position, and upon which it will readily revolve. Eight brackets or braces placed at the outer edges of the upright piece, and securely bolted, top and bottom give additional strength as do alsfi two nar- row uprights placed between the outer edges of the circular pieces, although these are not shown in the drawing. A cleat is fastened on the upper side of the lower shelves (which they virtually are) to prevent a too-early application of centrifugal power in the extracting room. A stop is placed upon each side of the aperture — one on the inside and one upon the outside, against which the swinging door comes in contact when closed. If no bees are about to trouble, the door may be placed transversely and the honey and combs passed through. If "robbers" are numerous, the hive or box containing the honey is placed upon the outer shelf, a few whiffs of smoke applied to scatter them, one impelling motion of the right hand and the honey is on the inside, the combs are on the outside shelf and the door is closed, bee-tight. If any of our readers should carry the idea into effect, we should greatly ap- preciate a report of its workings. CHARACTERISTICS of Different Races of Bees — A Reply to Mr. Doolittle. HY P. GREINEK. THE different races of bees, as we know them today, are probably the result of the prevailing conditions in the different countries where these bees originated. It would be a useless speculation to try and estimate the time it may have taken before the bees adapted themselves to their surround- ings, but when that happened they be- came a fixed race. Constant irritation by wasps and ants and other enemies has resulted in mak- ing the Cyprian bee an irritable, most vicious bee; the opposite condition made the Carniolan bee a very gentle one, etc. The mixing up of already established races of bees may have entered as a fac- tor into the make-up of certain other 168 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September races as now known. Of all the different races and varieties of apis melUfica the American bee- keepers seem to prefer the following three: Italian, Black and Carniolan. Indeed, any of these are very good bees to keep; one race may snit one, another may suit another better. To compare these different bees with one another from the standpoint of the honey-pro- ducer is my object in writing this article, although I do not expect to exhaust the subject. As to their beauty, our bees are more or less attractive, and I should classify them like this : The Italians stand first, the Carniolan second, the Blacks last. There seems to be a slight variation among the Italians, some being more yellow than others ; some have white hairs. The latter are called Albinos, the former Golden Italians. Among the black bees, it is said, is a sub-variety called the large brown bee. I have never been able to find them, and I question the existence of such in Amer- ica. The Carniolan bee is really only a variety of the black bee, a sort of Albino black; but we will consider it here as a race. Naming our three races of bees in their proper order according to their gentleness, the list would be, first, Car- niolan; second, Italian; third. Blacks. According to their prolificness the order is: first, Carniolan; second, blacks; third Italian. Some apiarists may take ex- ception to my classifying our bees thus; for this reason I want to say that an Ital- ian queen may be induced to lay just as many eggs in a given time as a Carnio- lan queen, by manipulating the brood- combs; but if left undisturbed, the Ital- ian bees will fill their brood-nest with honey to such an extent as to prevent the rearing of an excess of brood. This peculiar feature of the Italian bees is probably the reason why they do not enter the section cases as readily as the Blacks and the Carniolans, and it is quite evident that they need different treatment than the latter in order to do their best. The prudent apiarist under- stands this matter, and I would not for a moment on this account hesitate to generally adopt the Italian bee. There being a difference in the pro- lificness of the different races, has in its sequence a difference of their disposi- tion to swarm. The Carniolans, as being the most prolific, will send out the most swarms; the Italians, as the least pro- lific, will swarm the least; although the difference between the Italians and the Blacks in this respect is not so pro- nounced as between the Blacks and Carniolans. I will now name two points wherein the Italians excel the other two races. First, they generally store much more pollen in their combs; second, they are apt to gather more propolis, both being undesirable properties, considered from the comb-honey producers standpoint. Next, let us compare the different bees as to the manner in which they cap or seal their box-honey. The Carniolans stand at the head of the list, almost equalled by the Blacks. They have a way of closing up each cell by leaving a small air-space between the honey and the capping. The Italians are more economical; they fill each cell brim full and the cover or capping rests immediately on the honey. This has an effect similar to that produced by laying a white paper on a dish full of oil, making the otherwise white wax appear dark. All the difference seems to be in the appearance of things; unless, j perhaps, a little more wax is used by the ' Carniolans and Blacks in sealing up. We wish our comb-honey to present the best possible appearance, and so the slight difference means quite a little to the bee-keeper. It m^ans dollars and cents. It is true there ii;, a slight difference be- tween individual colonies, even of the same race; some will cap whiter than others; but the Italians fall away behind, sometimes showing very unsightly combs, althSugh the honey itself may be 1!)00 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 169 just as fine or even finer. In fact, for my own use I prefer it, as it contains less wax. There may be a strain of Italians wtiich produce as fine looking honey as the other races of bees, but so far I have not yet found and tested any, and I am not fully satisfied that they exist. I would have had occasion to again test at least one strain of Italians of this so-called "superior stock'" in the matter of fine work "capping comb- honey" this season, had we only had a honey-flow. I hope to have the oppor- tunity another season. I would also be very glad to pay friend Doolittle his price for an 1899 tested queen; but he is in the same boat I am in — has had no honey, and cannot tell for certain whether or not the bees from these queens actually do that work. He can only say they are from his tested "comb-honey strain.*' But that does not satisfy me; ai least I do not feel justified in paying a high price. I hope friend Doolittle will not draw the inference from what I have said that I was doubting his sincer- ity when he says his "strain of Italian bees will cap their honey as white as the blacks." But may it not be possible that he has forgotten how nicely the black bees do their work? It is well to refresh our memories from time to time with the facts. I further hope friend Doolittle will take into consideration how much misrepresentation is prac- ticed by advertisers upon an unsus- pecting public, which has made many shy to believe all they read. I honestly believe friend Doolittle does not belong to this class of fraudulent advertisers, yet, he will suffer with the unjust in a measure. I do not know that any other queen-breeder has a better reputation than he; and still one of our best honey- producers, a most fair-minded gentle- man, said at our convention last winter, in substance: "I wish I could be in Doolittle's yard during the honey season, just to satisfy myself whether really his Italians cap their honey as white as do the blacks." From this Brother Doo- little may see what the prevailing opinion is hereabout. As to any bees making washboard style honey during a time when thei"e occurs an intermission or dull spell between successive honey flows, I have not observed that one race of bees does any better than another. I don't think, if there is a difference, it can be very striking, or I would have noticed it. I should hardly look for any such difference, for I cannot believe that any bee can gather where there is nothing. The special features which make the Italian bee a favorite with the bee- keepers generally are. 1, their beauty; 2, their manner of clinging to the combs while being handled, making it easy to find queens; 3, their gentleness; 4. their greater vim and determination to keep their combs free from wax moths and protecting their hives better generally. Along all these lines they do excel the other races by a long way. Naples, N.Y., July a^), 1900. MEL BONUM APIARY. OUR frontispiece this month pre- sents the subject of an interest- ing series of letters, "The Evo- lution of an Apiary," contributed by the proprietor, Mr. H. L. Jones, Goodna, Qu'eensland', Australia, to the Austral- asian Bee-keeper. It is interesting to note the progress of our industry around the world; and the case of Mr. Jones corroborates the fact already established that in the hands of the right man very" limited means and a small start frequently outgrow and surpass the more preten- tious business which, though having abundant capital, has not the skill and natural adaptability necessary to success. Mr. Jones' start in bee- keeping consisted of a single colony captured in the woods, in 1880. Owing to limited means the care and increase of his stock was carried on for several years without so much as a smoker, 170 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Septemhcr honey-knife or extractor. The season of 1884 brought him a crop of honey averaging over 228 pounds to the hive from his nine stocks, together with an increase to thirty-five colonies. This seemed to mark a new and prosi>erous era in his career, for a genuine Clark cold-blast smoker and several other useful implements were addetl to the equipment as well as a quantity of api- arian literature. Hives were made of old gin cases and economy rigidly prac- ticed in every way until the business became self-sustaining, when improved appliances were added and the capacity of the plant increased. To-day Mr. Jones is said to be the most extensive breeder of queen bees in the Southern hemisphere, as well as one of the largest producers of honey; a distinction which his energy and enterprise has well won. and of which he may justly feel proud. Mr. Jones says in his earlier days in the business, apieultural literature was scarce in Australia, and as a result he was obliged to attend that very expens- ive school — experience, and adds: "Had I known then as much about the pro- duction of honey as I do now, I should certainly have been richer by some thousands of pounds." He further ob- serves that even to-day, with all the low-priced literature upon the subject of bees, many are content to gi'ope .ftlong in ignorance without it'. In a letter received some months since from Mr. Jones, he expresses his appreciation of The American Bee- verv complimentary way: KEEPER in a for which kindness we thank him. take i)ccasion tu Our readers are invited to take advan- tage of our present arrangement whJL-h provides that one dollar in cash or one Italian queen of choice stock, goes each month to each of the two persons seiul- ing us the most interesting or instructive letter for publication. Fifty cents each for the two next best letters. It is not necessary that you say they are sent in competition for th(> cash or queens: if the matter is found '•available'' the premiums will be promptly forwarded with our thanks. " tf PUBLISHED MONTHLY BV THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Editor. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance; 3 copies 85cts.; S copies, $1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the United S'tates and Can- ada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal Dnion, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, !i words; $2. 00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per cent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the loth of each month to insure insertion in the month following. B^^Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to * The Ambkicax Bee-keeper, Falconer, N.Y. SW Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, maybe addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. SW^ Snbscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with this nunaber. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. SW A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. Messi's. F. Greiner, .M. F. Reeve, C. W. Parker and Fred. Z. Jones get the cash and queens this month. New subscriptions and renewals received this month, accompanied with fifty cents, will be continued until the expiration of volume XI, — fifteen ntonths. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEB 171 We have received quite a number of contributions of late, but would be pleased to have a more general response from our amateur readers throughout the country. Matter for publication should be w^ritten upon one side only of the paper. Number the pages and write any business or matter not intended for publication, on a sep- arate sheet. An exchange says the secret of getting beeswax of a bright yellow color is to "allow it to cool slowly." Our contemporary would increase its prestige with the bee-keeping fraternity by running in a lot of slugs and quads instead of such information (?). Some dealers as well as some of our contemporary journals con- tinue to express the belief that lower prices will rule later in the season. Some assert that there are indica- tions of a large crop having been harvested. It is the individual opinion of The Bee-keeper that the genei^al crop is small and that better prices will prevail. We see nothing to indicate a decline. Some of our contributors, to whom premiums were sent, have kindly reminded us of an earlier assurance that they were not writ- ing for money. We appreciate such courtesies, but cannot suspend an established rule of the paper. If our friends have no personal use for the cash, there may be some char- itable institution which has. When acknowledging the receipt of his premium last month, Mr. S. M. Keeler, Chenango Bridge, N.Y., wrote: "Everything is drying up in this section. We had some I'ain early in July. Very little honey for me this season," Mr. Keeler tells also of a neighboring bee- keeper who, with one hundred col- onies, secured no surplus honey either last year or during the past season. This appears to be one of the seasons in which many have to report short crops or entire fail- ures, while no one claims a heavy yield. Interesting advances have been made in commercial queen-rearing as well as in simplified methods adapted to the needs of the ama- teur. The plan of removing the queen and allowing the bees to use larvae of their own selection, and diminutive cells for their develop- ment, has not given satisfactory results and may now be counted among the things of the past. We are arranging to publish an illus- trated number in the near future to be devoted largely to this subject, giving in detail the latest ideas. Suggestions from our readers will be accepted with gratitude. Information at hand would indi- cate that the honey crop geiierally is short. Some sections have been favored with a fair yield, while many ethers have given nothing. We give below the concluding para- graph from a private letter from H. G. Quirin, Parkertown, Ohio; and many others report a similar experience: "A single swarm in our locality, at the time when white clover ought to have been at its height, would have starved if they had had to depend on what they got from the fields, for a living. As white clover is our main de- pendence, you can readily under- stand what it nieans to have it fail." NOISY BEES. Mr. S. M. Kyle, Bethany, Ore., 172 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September writes : "I have one swarm of bees that makes more rumbling, bum- bling noise than I have ever heard bees make before — nearly equals a sash and door factory. The noise can be heard thirty or forty yards distant. I have seen seventy-five Januaries, and this beats all the bee-music I ever heard. Please ex- plain the cause in The American Bee-keeper." Such a roaring hum would be emit- ted only by a very populous colony. Conditions tending to inci^ease the hum are: A brisk flow of honey, intense heat of a noon-day sun, or the sultry, humid air of eventide. This is the first instance to our knowledge wherein a colony of bees has been guilty of disturbing the peace of a community in such a way; but if the noise is objection- able we would suggest as a remedy, additional room within the hive, with some upward ventilation, and shade. The sound, we believe, be- tokens nothing worse than the pos- sible discomfort of the bees through a lack of shade and ventilation. A PRIVATE MATTER CONCERNING OTHERS (?). The present editor of The Amer- ican Bee-keeper has been deeply interested in its success ever since January, 1891, at which time the first number was issued. To have a "bee-joui^nal so near home," when all apicultural litera- ture had formerly emanated from distant parts of the country, was a source of satisfaction which we took pleasure in working to sustain. Its policy of adhering strictly to bees in the selection of its subject matter, tended to in- tensify our desire to see it succeed. Several years of business dealings with the publisher.s likewise had a tendency to increase our interest in the success of their undertakings. Becoming accidentally acquainted with some of the sly tactics of its opponents to "down" The Bee- keeper and render its publication more difficult and discouraging, acted rather as an incentive to re- doubled efforts in its behalf, than otherwise. A like influence was imparted as we have found later, to many other of its friends, who yet stand with us for ultimate suc- cess; which, by the way, has already been achieved to a gratify- ing extent. Thanks to those friends whose progressive minds seek rather to establish tliQ common brotherhood of mankind, with equal rights and privileges to all, than trample into the dust those who are weak, that added strength may be given to the strong. Friends who could not be brought to recog- nize the benignity (?) of discour- aging humble efforts for the com- mon weal to promote individual gain. The Bee-keeper will soon enter upon its eleventh year of publica- tion. Its steadily increasing list of subscribers and the hundreds of commendatory letters received are encouraging — very encouraging. A contemporary "bee-editor" re- cently wrote in a private letter: "I now find The Bee-keeper equal to the best." Surely, that is kind as well as encouraging; but if it is now equal to the best, it is neces- sary only that those who have allowed their subscription accounts to run behind, pay up, and a year in advance, and The Bee- keeper will become the best. In. looking over the subscription list we find many names which it was our pleasure in former years to secure and forward with the neces- sary amount to place them there. A number of these are now delin- quent. The publication of any periodical is attended with no in- i!)on THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 173 considerable expense. The Bee- keeper already has a list of prompt subscribers sufficient to not only insure its permanency, but to give !iiuch encouragement for the future; yet we desire that every one on the list shall pay up and stay with us. However, if a subscriber is not suf- ficiently interested in the paper to remit fifty cents once a year, his interest will hardly justify the pub- lishers in continuing to send the paper month after month. In mak- insr arrano-ements for the future, then, we will greatly appreciate it if those whose paper is received in a red wrapper will promptly settle ai'rearages and either renew or request their paper discontinued. If it is not convenient to pay at once, kindly write the publishers, so stating. They have no way of knowing who are those desiring the paper continued and those who take no interest in it, except as they are informed by the subscrib- ers themselves. The publishers have no inclination to send the paper to any person not interested therein ; nor, in fact, to any person not sufficiently interested to pay the subscription price. We desire to inaugurate some additional im- provements in the near futui*e, and to begin the new year with a revised list, emb: acing only those who believe The Bee-keeper at fifty cents a year to be a profitable investment. If any of ou;' present readers do not belong to this class, we would say to such. Please acquaint us with the fact — writing direct to the publication office — and your name will be cancelled, with regret, and thanks for past favors. It is desired that as many sub- scriptions as possible shall begin and terminate with the calendar year. To this end we offer to con- tinue all yearly subscriptions re- ceived from this date until January 1, 1901, without extra charge, to December 31, 1901. Thus, all who pay up and renew this month, or those who subscribe at once, will receive The Bee-keeper fifteen months for fifty cents. MOVING A COLONY INTRODUCING A QUEEN. A beginner asks the following questions: 1. "What is the best method of moving a colony of bees about fifty yards? It is not convenient to move it inch by inch, as is recom- mended, for several reasons.'' The "inch by inch" method is rather tedious, even where there are no obstructions to interfere with its practice, in moving a dis- tance of fifty yards. Where but one or two colonies are to moved, we know of no better plan than this: Set all frames containing unsealed brood, queen and nearly all the bees into another hive-body and place it upon the stand where it is desired to have it remain; leaving but a few frames of comb with honey and sealed brood upon the old stand. In the evening of the second day carefully transfer the old hive also to the new location and, having its bottom board removed, set it upon the hive first removed. If a board or other object is set against the front of the hive, causing the bees to note their new location upon first starting out in the morning, but few bees will be lost. 2. "To introduce a queen from another colony in the same yard, is it necessary to have an introducing cage and candy, as with a queen received by mail?" If the queenless colony has no unsealed brood, perhaps the sim- plest method is to set the frame upon which the queen is, with ad- hering bees, as well as two or three other frames from her colony — bees 174 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September and all — in one side of the hive to which the queen is to be given. Place a "dummy" or division board between; leave it for two or three days, when it may be removed and a frame placed in its stead. This plan will usually succeed providing the queenless colony has no queen- cells or unsealed brood. Another simple plan for ordinaz'y cases, when some honey is coming- in from the fields, is as follows: Provided with a light hiving box, smoker and the queen to be intro- duced, proceed to the hive selected for her reception. Remove the old queen and cause the bees to gorge themselves with honey by rapping on the hive and gently smoking the entrance. Now re-open the hive and shake the bees from all the frames into the hiving-box. Cover the hive, and jostle the bees about a little in the box, finally dumping them upon the alighting-board ex- actly as you would do Ai hiving a swamn. As the bees pass into the hive, if the new queen is. ■ released among and permitted to enter with them, the colony will have been re-queened without its apparent knowledge, and much less labor is involved than in practicing the more complex methods usually pursued when a very valuable queeii is to be given. Harry Lathrop formerly I'egardod its important that a bee-space be provided over the frames for wintering. He uses the dovetailed hive, and his combs have no passage-ways through them ; yet. by cutting pieces of carpet to fit inside, resting directly upon the frames, he has found that the bee-space is not neces- sary, as tliostithus covered built up very rapidly and are among the strongest of his stock. While the item purports to reveal sometliing new in ••wintering," the carpet-quilts weie placed on the liives in the spring. (iletvnimis pleads for further experiment before accepting the results as conclusive. LITERARY NOTES. '"THE AMEUICAN BOY" FOR AUGUST. The American Boy for August is full of matter fascinating to boys, containing as it does a rail- road story, a farm story, a roller coaster story, a ■boy soldier" story, the siith chapter of "The Cruise of the Yacht Gazelle," a boat manned by four boys, who took a six-thousand-mile trip in a boat of their own construction; the third chapter of 'A Boy Pusher;" an illustrated account of the little son of Edison, the great inventor; a chapter on "The Boy Traveler," who had remarkable ex- periences in traveling through Europe on foot; an account of a six-year-old grower of cacti; a letter from the Paris Exposition, written by a boy re- porter; two pages devoted to "What Boys are Doing;" an account of a novel newspaper pub- lished by boys; a page of science for boys; an account of how a New Jersey boy earned money with a printing press; accounts of Amateur Jour- nalism Conventions; a page on "The Boy Photo- grapher;" a page devoted to the Belgian hare; one on"Boys in Games and Sport," telling how to make and fly kites anfl build play-houses; several pages devoted to "The Boy Stamp and Coin Collector;" with space devoted to "The Boy Naturalist" and Scores of items in addition of Interest to boys. The paper is inspiring and entertaining even for grown persons, and meets the boys' wants exactly. Over ,one hundred illustrations. $1.00 a year. Sprague Publishing Company, Publishers, Detroit, Mich. A MODERN MAGAZINE. With the new volume and under a new title. Modern Culture Magazine begins a new career! Self Culture Magazine was limited by its title and by the aims of its former management to the needs of a special class. With broader aims and a broader title the new owners bespeak for Modern Culture a broader patronage and a broader field of usefulness. Subscription price only JI.OO per year; four months' trial, 25 cents. Published by Modem Cul- ture Magazine Co., 719-720 Caxton Bldg., Cleveland I ^c. ; light amber, 7 @ 8^c. Southern honey supply very light. Blake, Scott A Lee. Chicago, Aug. 18, 1900. — We have a fair demand for honey, but the supply is not large. We quote white comb at 14 (s' 15c.; extracted — white, at 7 @ 7)4; dark, 6 @ BJ^c. The demand for beeswax is good at 27 ® 28c, : but the supply is below the nor- mal. The prices on all grades of honey as well as beeswax have an upward tendency. R. A. Burnett & Co. Buffalo, N.Y., Aug. 17, IVtOO.^Honey market is somewhat improved. We have a light stock of old honey; but very little new coming in. Comb honey, fancy, old, 13 @ 14c.; fancy new, 15 @ ItJc. Demand for beeswax good the year round; always light supply of fancy. Prices range usually at 28 @ 30c. Would advise very light shipments of new honey, properly packed, shipped by freight only. Batterson & Co. Kansas City, Mo., Aug. 8, 1900.— Our present demand for honey is good, but the supply is light. We quote comb-honey at \3}4 &' 15c.; extracted (■> (a 8c. Demand for beeswax is very good, with a light supply. Price, 25 @ 35c. Our native honey crop is very light, and we have reports from several sections claiming a short crop. W . R. Cromwell Produce Co. (Successors to C. C. Clemens &Co,) Mr. J. M. Hobbs, having no natural shrubs or trees near the apiary for the swarms to light upon, has practiced the plan of sticking several low trees in the ground about two rods from the apiary and keeping them green by the occas- ional addition of twigs, during the season. He has lost only one swarm by absconding, in twenty years. The second annual picnic of the Cayuga and Seneca County Bee- keepers' Societies will be held at Atwater's Glen on Cayuga Lake, Wednesday, September 5, 1900. An interesting program has been per- pared and a good time is expected. 180 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September Early QueensI Earlier Queens ! ! Earliest Queens !!! Our strain of Italian tiuoens wa believ" ti> be nnexceHe I. Our facilities urs unsiirjijiissecl. Our lociitiuD being fiirtlier south than that of any other breeder in the United States we can ship queens any day in the year. No disease. Warranted Viueens $1. six for K. or ?!) per dozen. Safe arrival ([uaranteed. Southern Bee Company, II. E. HILL, Manager. Fort Fierce, Indian Kiver, af Florida. BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. Tliis cut represents our ( iiiubined Machine, which is the best ii;achine made for use in the construction of Hives, Sections. Boxes etc. Sent on trial. Send for Cata- losue and Price List. *^ W. F. & Jon.v Barnes Co., '.ii:-t ituby St.. Kockford. 111. Please mention American Bee-keeper. Poultry, Bees and pruit is a combination that has been a success with our most prosperous farmers. It is also a monthly journal devoted exclusively to these industries .it .35 cents a year. You can get it for 15 cts. a year for a short time to introduce it. Better send stamps to-day and get it for a year. Advertis- ing rates low. Address: Poultry, Bees and Fruit, 4tf Davenport, la. riEVER NEGLECT A COLD OR COUGH Ni'i/leco ;; Cold or Cou^rh and tf La (jrmiie don't L'et you. Consumption will- CUSHMAN'S INHALER cures Ciihls and all diseases of the brenth- way piissiiKes. You losedolln's In rldC- tdrhillslnnntkeeplngCUSKMAN'S INIIAr.RR handy to drive off a cold or poiiKh or sore throat at fts very first nppronch. If jdii ciin't (tel It nl Druggists send for It." ' fiy mnll, .'iO cento. Send for Rook on .llenthol, free* CDSILIIAN IIKtIGCO., TINCKNNUS, INU., U. S. A. tf When writing to advertisers say: " I saw your adv't in TllE Amekic.\x Bee-keepei!." shine: llie Emx)iro Wa.sher Coniiiany. Jamestown, N.Y. make a Sli ue Ca'iinet, furnished witli foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe rubber— in fact, all articles and materials needed to keeii shoes looking their best— and as it is mada to be fastened to the wall of 1 oilet room or kitchen, it does away with the vexatious searching after these articles which is altogether too common. A postal will bring you details of this and other good things. GOLDEN ITALIAN QUEENS, whicli give satisfaction are the kind that H. G. Qnirin sends out. The A. I. Root Co. tell us that our stock is extra fine. Give us a trial order for our Selected Stock and see how well we can please you. All Queens seat PROMPTLY BY RETURN MAIL, with safe delivery guar- anteed. Have bred Queens for twelve years. PRICES OF QUEENS AFTER JUNE: Warranted, each,$ ..5(J; six, $2.75; twelve, *o. Selected warranted, " .T.t; " 4.00; " 7. Tested, - - " 1.00; " 5.00; " !». Selected tested, " 1.50; ■* 8.00. Extra selected tested, the best that money can buy, each ¥3.00. Address all orders to H. G. QUIRIN, Parkertown, Erie Co , Ohio. (Money Order office, Bellevue, Ohio). 7-4t NEW LIFE TEA ALWAYS CURES CONSTIPATION, INDIGE5TION, SICK HEADACHE, And imparts new life to the whole system. At all druggists and dealers, 25c, or sent by mail, if your dealer will not supply you. Address, LANQMAH HED. CO., LE ROY, N. Y. KwPV RtTAT^T^^T? '-'^ '^'''' American Bee- HiVi^.K^ rViKADKK keeper is entitled to a free sample of The Practical Poultryman if he will send name and address on a postal. This is to get you interested in one of the best poultry journals published, with the expectation that you will send .50 cents for a year's subscription if you find the i)!iper just what we say it is — a live, hust- ling, practical, reliable, semi-monthly journal. You need the paper: we want your support. Try it. .Nddress, Practical Poultryman, tf Whitney's Point, N.Y. Modern Culture ($1.00 a year) with The American Bee-keeper, l$1.00 a year. Superior Stock, Every bee-keeper who has had experience with several strains of bees knows that some are far su- perior to others — that there is scrub stock among bees, just as there are scrub horses, cattle, sheep and poultry. Let me give my own experience. Years ago. while living at Rogersville, I made a specialty of rearing nueens for sale. Before engag- ing in this work I bought Italian queens and Itali- anized, not only my own bees, but all within three miles of my dijiary. In buying those queens I think that I patronized nearly every breeder in the United States; and even in those years of inexper- ience I was not long in noting the great difference in the different strains of bees. The queens from one particular breeder produced bees that delighted me greatly. They were just plain, dark, three- banded Italians, but as workers I have never seen them equaled. They seemed possessed of a steady, quiet determination tliat enabled them to lay up surplus ahead of the others. Easier bees to handle I have never seen. It sometimes seemed as though they were too busy attending to their own business to botlier with anything else. Their honey was capped with a snowy whiteness rivaling that of the blacks. In addition to these desirable traits must be added that of wintering well; if any bees canie through the winter it was the colonies of this strain. They came as near being ideal bees as any I have possessed. All this was twenty years ago; and several times since then I have bought queens of this same breeder, and I have always found this strain of bees possessed of those same good qualities — industry, gentleness and hardiness. In addition to this they cap their honey as the blacks do theirs. I have frequently corresponded with this breeder, and with those who have bought queens of him, and I am thoroughly convinced that he has a strain of bees that are far superior to the general run of stock. If I were starting an apiary for the production of honey, I should unhesitating- ly stock it with this strain of bees. This breeder has always advertised in a modest, quiet sort of way. nothing in proportion to what his stock would have warranted, and I have decid- ed that I can help him, and benefit my readers, at a profit to myself, by advertising these bees in a manner befittingly energetic. The price of these queens will be $1.50 each. This may seem like a high price, but the man who pays it will make dollars where this breeder and myself make cents; and when you come to read the con- ditions under which they are sold, it will not seem so high. The queens sent out will all be young queens, just bejiinuing to lay, but, as there are no black bees in the vicinity, it is not likely that any will prove impureJy mated. If any queen should prove impurely mated, another will be sent free of charge. Safe arrival in first-class condition will be guaranteed. Instructions for introducing will be sent to every purchaser, and if these instructions are followed, and the queen is lost, another will be sent free of charge. This is not all; if, at any time within two years, a purchaser, for any reason WHATEVEU, is not satisfied with his bargain, he can return the queen, and his money will be re- funded, and 50 cents extra sent to pay him for his trouble. It will be seen that the purchaser runs Ni> RISK WHATEVER. If a queen does not arrive in good condition, another is sent. If he loses her in introducing, another is sent. If she should prove impurely mated, another is sent. If the queen proves a poor layer, or the stock does not come up to the e.xpectations, or there is ANy reason why the bargain is not satisfactory, the queen can be 'eturned and the money will be refunded, and the customer fairly well paid for his trouble. I could not make this last promise if I did not know that the stock is kealey supehior. I said that the price would be S*l.50 each. There is only one condition under which a queen will be sold for a less price, and that is in connection with an advance subscription to the REVIEW. Any one sending me $1.00 for the REVIEW for UlOO can have one queen for Sl.OO; that is, I will send one queen and the REVIEW for I'JOO (and 12 back numbers, free) for only $2.00. Of course, this special offer is made for the sake of getting the REVIEW into the hands of those who are unac- quainted with its merits. Orders will be strictly in rotation. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. BUY YOU R \NIF~E. ^^^ Empire Washer and save her strength. Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y.. make'^m well and sell 'em cheaply. Wm FROM PRODUCER,0RQ^oR J0BBERTt)CON5UM£R PIEASEMEKTION ^ (jREAT OR SMALL ^ "^'^ ''*'*'' WRiTE FOR CATALOOUE. ENCLOSE lOOS.TDHaPfMr' POSTAGE ^•^^ ROYAL TEMPLARS. A beneficiary association, its grade of payments. >cisntific and safe. Both sexes received in perfect equality. You get just what you pay for, and only pay for what you get. Organized 187C. Emergency fund maintained. Expense of management low. Claims paid without expense to beneficiary. Send for information. General office, Itf Masonic Building. Buffalo. N.Y. HOMES WANTED ! Families, both Catholic and Pro- testant, willing to offer a good home to a boy or girl of any age from in- fancy to ten years and who will re- ceive the child as a member of the family and give it such care and training as will fit it for a life of ■self-support and usefulness, are in- vited to correspond with State Charities Aid Association. ^^ 105 E. 22d St., New York City! This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others would notice vocRadvt, in The Am. Bee-keeper. Gleanings in Bee Culture. Leading bee-keepers find that it pays them to read at least two good bee journals. In addition to The American Bee-keeper why not send us 25c for Gleanings the rest of the year. See what Geo. W. York says of GLEANINGS: "I don't know what has gotten into GLEANINGS the last two numbers. It is the only bee paper that I allow to interfere with my regular meals; that is, when it comes just before meal time; and when it fails to come until several days after I think it is due, it sort of spoils my appetite. If I only knew who to blame for the delay I might perhaps feel differently, but it is very aggravating, to say the least. I think I will have to have my copies delivered by special messenger hereafter. " GEO. W. YORK, editor American Bee Journal. Send your order at once and get the issue of July 1st. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE Trade Marks Designs Copyrights &c. Anyone sending a sketch and description may quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Sciditific Jlinerican. A handsomely Illustrated weekly. Largest cir- culation of any scientific journal. Terms, |3 a year ; four months, fl. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN XCo.36'Broadway. New York Branch Office. 625 F St., Washington, D. C. The New C. Von Culin INCUBATOR. Poultry-keeping combines very nicely with bee- keeping. The New C. Von Culin Incubator, made by the W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Jamestown, N.Y., is what you need to make it successful. Send for Catalogue and read "What They Say" and you will know it is the best yet invented. 377 GennisonSt., Grand Rapids. Mich. Jan. 12, IS'.IS). C. Von Culin: Incubator I bought of you has proved itself a wonderful success. First hatch of 200 eggs I got I'Jti chicks. Mrs. C. W. DeYoung. The Chautauqua Drying Bars is an invention for saving room in crowded kitchens which will surely be appreciated by every housekeeper. The warmest and dryest air in a room is al- ways overhead, and clothes hung upon these radiating bars, which are attached by a couple of screws to the wall, are not only out of the way but in the best part of the room for drying quickly and thor- oughly. Price $1.00. Made only by The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. Bars are all raised or lowered by one motion. Beeswax wanted jQI VEN We will pay 24 cents cash or 26 A Y\T A \T cents in goods for good quality of J\ yy JX \ Beeswax, freight paid to FALCON- -^ *> ' » ^ »^ * ER, N.Y. If you have any, ship itto us at once. [Prices subject to change without notice.] The W. T. Falconer Mfe. Co. fl 3-Biaiiei! Sportsmaii's Knile woitii $1.!)0. ECCS IN WINTER Are easily ol.iaiiiril uiiiler ri,'lit conditions and pro[ior attontion. Subscribe for our poultry paner and learn bow. 25 ets. n year. Fainple copy free. THE POULTRY ITEM, Bos. 190, Frjck's, Pa. j This cut is one-half its size. Write at once an(3 we will j tcU you how we do it. Ad(3fess The Amateur Sportsman, 27 N. PARK PLACE. NEW YORK. 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every NEW subscuiber sending $1.00 for the weekly American Bee Journal for one year will receive a copy of Newman's ItiO page "Bses and Honey" free. The old American Bee Journal is great this year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Joumal free. Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established IH'.iT. Circulation u.UUii. Devoted exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Israel, Itf Publisher, Lincoln Nel-. Norfolk,Ya. ( For papers, maps, ' facts and figures, I send to A. Jeffers, I Norfolk. Va. 2-12 BEE SUPPLIES from LEWIS 'I'hey are the finest. THOUSANES OF BEE HIVES, MILLIONS OF SECTIONS, Ready for Prompt Shipment. G- B- LEWIS CO., Watert wn. Wis., ■- U. S. A. Branch: G. B. LEWIS CO., 1!) So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. A small Poultry Farm is Better than a Gold Mine if you know howtortm the basiness. There's $ Millions $ in it, bat nine out of ten fail in it because they do not know the secret of Success with Poultry or tjw to get Do you know how to get it? Our New Poultry Book will tell you how. It tells you all al>out poultry and explains why some (a few) succeed and others (the many) fail. This invaluable Book given Free as pre- mium with our Farm and Poultry paper W.VYSIDE tiLEANIPJGS. 3 months for 10 cents. Address P B. WAYSIDE PUBLISUING CO., CUntuiivllle Conn. tf The Money in Hens. P" D r7 p" Those who contemplate starting in the bee-keeping line should correspond with The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO. of Jamestown, N Y. We have had written, by a noted authority on apicultural matters, W. Z. Hutchinson, a treatise on "Successful Bee-keep- ing." Send your name and address, and a two- cent stamp to pay postage, and we will send you a copy of this valuable little pamphlet free of charge. Anything you may desire to know regarding the best hives and fittings to procure, we will be glad to aid you in. W. M. Gerrish, East Nottingham, N. li.. Iveeps a complete supply of our goods, and eastern customers will save freight by ordering of him. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. CLUBBING LIST. We will send The American Bee-keeper with the — PRICE BOTH American Bee .lournal $1 00 SI 35 Bee-keepers" Review 1 GO 1 ;f5 Canadian Bee Journal 1 00 1 35 Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 00 1 35 American Queen 50 00 Modern Cultur 1 00 1 00 BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long e.T|oerience, should have at least one good text book upon the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee-keeping. In ordering by mail be sure to add the amount of postage named: Postage Price, extra. A B C of Bee Culture (A. I. Root), cloth SI 00 20c. Bee-keepers' Guide (Prof. A. J. Cook) 1 00 15c. Langstroth on Honey Bee, rev. (Dadant) 1 10 15c. Quinby's New Bee-keeping (Quinby) . . 1 40 10c. Thirty Years Among Bees (Alley) 48 2c. How to Manage Bees (Vandruff) 25 oc Amateur Bee-keeper (Rouse) 20 5c. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Jamestowx, N.Y. Patent Wired Comb Foundation has no Sag in Brood Frames. Thin Flat Bottom Foundation has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey. Being the cleanest is visually worked the quickest of any Foundation made. The talk about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish a Wired Foun- dation that is BETTER, CHEAPER and not half the trouble to use that it is to wire brood frames. Circulars and samples free. J. VAN DEUSEN Sl SONS, Sole Manufacturers. Montgomery County, Sprout Brook, N.Y. Please mention American Bee-keeper. Send for Sample ,of the Tippecanoe Fanner Published Semi-monthly. 25c. per year only. The best farm paper for the money ever published. The Tippecanoe Farmer Co., La Fayette, Ind. 2tf The BROTHERHOOD of AMERICAN YEOMEN. This fraternal insurance association, organized in 18'J7. at Des Moines, Iowa, has already reached a membership of 15,00(1, with an accumulated re- serve, loaned on real estate mortgages, to the amount of $25,000. It pays accident and old age disability, and had but seven assessments in 18'.tH. Write to G. M. Read, Chief Correspondent. 2tf Des Moines, Iowa. HELLO! Do you want some good pure bred POULTRY? We can furnisa you ECCS FOR HATCH- I NC from fine V\ hite VS onder fowls, R. C B. Leg- horns, B. P. Rocks, Partridge Cochins; S. L. (iold- en and Black W'yandottos. Toulouse Geese, Koueii Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want something good send for our illustrated I'atalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, itf The Eureka Poultry Farm, Established lit years. Hamburg, Wis. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S, "Just tell them that you saw it" in The American Bee-keeper. The Nebraska Farm Journal A monthly journal devoted to agricultural interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural pa- per in the west. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb. Virginia omes. You learn all about Virginia H lands, soil, water, Qj'YliOS* climate, resour- _ ces, products, ^ fruit, mode of cultivation, price etc., by ^ ® reading THE VIRGINIA FARMER. & ^ Send 10c. for three months' subscription to B istf FARMER CO., Emporia, Va. % BEGINNERS. should have a copy of The Amateur Bee-keeper, a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "It is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price 24 cents; by mail 28 cents. The little book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, (a live, progressive, 28 page monthly journal,) one year for 65c. Apply to any first-class dealer, or address LEAHY MFG- GO., Higginsville,Mo. TT is too late to complain ■^ when a thing is done. lie sure you get PITKIN'S PAINT Arst and there will be no complaint necessary. If your dealer does not handle it write us direct. GEO. W. PITKIN CO. station C Fulton and Carpenter Sts , Chicago. WHENYOU DRORaDOLLAR it is a good plan to look where it strikes, that you nuiy pick it up again. When you invest a dollar for advertising space in Poultry Pointer^$, at our special ratt', it is just like dropping a dollar where you can pick up TWO. VVrite at once for sample copy, special rates and full particulars to POULTKY F'OINTKRS Office, otf 30t; West Main Street, Ionia', Midi. The very best bee-keepers in the United States as well as in other countries, get their Supj)lies from The AV. T. Falconer Manufacturing Company, of Jamestown, N.Y. They have good reasons for doing so; you should do likewise. Our Sections (Falcon brand) have not yet been equaled. Send for catalogue. ►'- .*, *'•> Entered at the Posto .loj. Falconer, N.Y., as second-:'lass matter. Incubator Free on trial. The NEW C. YON GULIN INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It , hatches every hatchabie egg. Money can be made and | saved with this most perfect incubator. Catalog free. ' Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y ADOtlier Big Offer ! As 1 liavj explained in previous lidvertise- iue;its. tbe jmblisher of a good journal can afftird to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his journal into new hands. 1 have in the p Farwell, Mich. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. « All the best Agricultural News *1 00 a year. l| Address, CONNECTICUT FARMER, Hartford, Conn tt ,1 Vol. X Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. OCTOBER, 1900 No. 10 THE SEPTEMBER BEE-KEEPER. Emphasizing the Good Things in the Last Number. BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. ON opening the wSeptomber number of The American Bee-keeper our eyes alight on a scone wliich at once transports us to the Southern iieniisphere, to a place where the people have long summer days when we are r years, what keen enjoyment has come to me in reading tlie bee-books and papers on these same cold, stormy eve- nings, with tlie room kept warm by the base burner stove, throwing out its mel- low heat from the consumption of coal therein, while the hanging petroleum- burning lamp, with its almo'^t noon-day light, gave a radiance to the page which was only equalled by the radiance in the heart, as the reading gave rise to new plans and new experiments which were to be used the following summer in con- nection with the bees. The soul which sees nothing of fun in these things is to be pitied. But I'll not enlarge on these matters further. Thank yoa, Mr. Editor, for giving ns a glimpse of bee- keeping in the Southern hemisphere tlirough this frontispiece. TO KEEP COMBS FROM MOTHS. Near the middle of the, second column on page 1(34, Mr. M. F. Reeve tells us how he overlooked a hive of combs until the moth-worms had taken posses- sion of them. Finding them tlius, ho removed what worms he could handily, when the hive of combs was set over a strong colony for cleansing and protec- tection. Good! I have had similar ex- periences myself, but never thought to give it in print. And allow me to say, if a colony of bees will thus clean combs after the larvse, of the wax-moth has gotten possession of them, said colony will fully protect combs, if they have access to them, from worms or enemies of all kinds. For this reason, when I have more combs than I have colonies of bees to profitably use tliem during the honey-harvest, and these combs are likely to fall a prey to worms, I set apart one, two or three colonies, or as many as are required, said colonies being those which are too weak to work in sections to good advantage, and to these I give such combs, piling one. two, three or four hives of combs top of these 182 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October colonics, according to tlic niniibcr of combs I have and tiio strength of the colonies. In this way I have no further anxiety in tlie, matter, going to tliese hives for combs as I need tliem or taking them off in the fall in a good state of preservation, ready to be frozen the next winter, thus putting them in shape to keep for a series of years, where iso boxed that no moth-miller can have access to them afterward. Of course, the places for combs during the summer months is in a full colony of bees, where they can be utilized for brood and honey ; but it sometimes happens, through loss of bees or otherwise, we wish to preserve our combs for a year or two for future use, and Mr. Reeve has told us a good way of doing this. WHITE COMB FOR STARTERS. Near the close of his article Mr. Reeve gives us a second hint well worth remembering, when he tells us how he utilizes his white comb for starters in his sections. 1 have thus used all pieces of white comb for the past thirty years, and consider that this saving alone has been a benefit to me, amounting way up into the hundreds of dollars, if not thou- sands. The man or woman who throws pieces of white comb into the wax h<'ap instead of putting them into the sections as bait comb or starters, does not fully understand some of the things which go tiivvard making a success in bee-keep- ing. Hut to fasten thiun in. I lind a heated iron far preferable to the melted wax plan. Just take a piece of any old steel or iron that is from one-eightii to one-fourth of an inch thick and from two to three inches wide, fastened in some way in a wooden handle, so as to [)revent burning tlie hand. Now heat this iron over a lamp or tire till it will melt wax rapidly, when you will lay th(^ hot iron on the under side of the top piece of the section, the section being bottom side up, and as soon as the piece of comb touches it, quickly draw the ii'on, letting the comb rest on the wood, tlu' comb immediatelv l)ccominif a lixture. and so lixed that tln^ bees will not pull or gnaw it off. "ANOTHER HILl/S DEVICE." The cut, found on page 1G~, takes my eye and looks like a good tiling. As I have not yet tried it. it would not be the part of wisdom for me to say further than that I hope many of our practical bee-keepers will try it. But there is something which I know is a good thing, and which would be well to always use in connection with this HilTs turn table, and that good thing is a robber cloth. This is simply a piece of common cotton cloth, a little larger each way than the top of the hive, say, projecting three inches all around the top of the hive, with a stick of hard or heavy wood, say three-fourths of an inch square, fastened to two sides of the cloth. Every apiary needs from two to six of these, and at all times when handling hives of combs or honey, one should be thrown over the top as soon as the bees are gotten off from them, this keeping any robber from getting a taste of stolen honey, which will prevent bees from getting on such a robbing rampage, as often happens where they ar(* allowed access to the combs till they are scattered by a few whifPs of smoke at the entrance to the honey-house. Try these robber-cloths, brother and sister bee-keepers, and you will always be thankful for having vour attention called to such a simple and easily mad<' implement for the apiary. creiner's article. This is full of meat, as usual; but surely, no one will expect me to point out the good things in it after receiving such a thrashing as he gives me in the lattiM' part of it. So I am going to let the good things alone and notije a point on which I cannot think him otherwise than mistaken ; or that he does not qualify his statiunents as he should. I allude to his statement re- garding the proliticness of the Carni- olan queens, and in placing them first on the list as to prolilicness. They 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 183 may be the most prolific queens of the races named: but all of my experience with them goes to prove tliat their pro- liticness is so used that it counts for less in section honey tluiu any other race of bees with which I am acquaint- ed, unless it be the Syrians. The trouble lies in the fact that the queen does not reach nearly to her height of egg-laying powers till the honey-harvest commences, after which she will spread iierself in a most magnificent style. This brings on excessive swarming during the middle or near the close of the honey-harvest, causing nearly all of the honey gathered by the few bees on hand at the beginning of the harvest to be used in the rearing of brood, the bees from which are of little vahie, as th^ most of them help with the exces- sive swarming or become consumers after the honey-harvest is past. All bee-keepers should understand that* proliticness in any queen counts for little or nothing unless this proliticness is used at the right time to produce liosts of bees just in the right time for the harvest. And it is because the pro- lificness of Italian queens can be so used to a better advantage than can the prolificness of any other race or variety that I am wedded to the Italians, and not for their white capping of honej'. as the reader of Mr. Greiner's article would be led to think. If I have ever said that my '•strain "of Italian bees will cap their honey as white as the blacks."' I must have been dreaming, for the whiteness is in favor of the blacks. But my Italians do cap their honey white enough so that it never has to take second place as to price in the markets of Boston, New York or Phila- delphia. But here I am again with my space used up, with more things mark- ed to be touched upon in the September American Bee-keepek. At least two more articles could be written on the good things in the September number without exhausting the matter it con- tains. When I undertook this writing; up of the last number. I did not realize what a big job I had on hand. But I know the magnanimous spirit in the readers of The Bee-Keeper will lead them to excuse. Borodino, N.Y., Sept. 1.5, 1900. HANDLING THE PRODUCTS OF THE HIVE. A Few Hints by F. Greiner. FORTUNATE is he who has comb- honey to market this year. We are having just at present (Aug. :3.5th) a fair honey-flow from buckwheat, and it «eems now that we will not have to feed our bees for winter: but all our hives were so destitute of honey whfui the flow from buckwheat commenced that nearly all the honey buckwheat can possibly yield will be needed by the bees to keep them through the next winter. Other friends; even in this State, have harvested a good crop and perhaps are by this time preparing same for the market. I deem it best not to fit and crate very much honey until it gets cooler. September and October are the months well adapted for the work. For cleaning and scraping the sections of honey I still prefer and use the jack- knife, it has a short, thick, but sharp blade. To do the work, the section is placed on a coarse mesh-wire sieve, which allows all the scrapings to drop through. I often use cheap labor for this work: but to take the filled sec- tions out of their wide frames, section- holders, T supers etc., requires an experienced hand, lest a good many sections would be damaged. Before emptying a full super it is a good practice to first stand same on end right before you on a work-bench in such a manner that the light will shine into all the spaces. Almost at a glance you will be able to see whether any comb has been attached to the separa- t(jr. Some colonies have a disagreeable wav of doing this. If the super has 184 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October [)Vo\\u\\s\\- Ix'cii marked so as to know from which hive it luid been talvon, it is well to note this condition on the hive- record for future reference and "■uiclancc. I cannot now just recall to mind where I have read of detaching these little brace-combs or legs by means of a thin-bladed knife: it was mentioned in a recent number of some bee-paper. In my hands a short thin-bladed compass- saw has always done the work better than a knife. The saw would cut away without denting the capping; the knif<' would only crowd through and not in- frequently injure the capping, especially when the honey was cold. The grading of our honey cannot be done by inexperienced help. I find it impracticable to impart my ideas about this matter to any one not an expert. The crating of the honey is a simple matter after the grading is done, and I need not say much on the subject except that the crating should be done hon- estly. Even the boxes of one grade vary somewhat. The line cannot be drawn so closely but that some boxes will be a little better than others. I hold that the inner tiers should contain just as good honey as is visible on the face. On this point I might say, only a few days ago I happened to be in the post-office of a neighboring town, where I was not known. I chanced to overhear a con- versation between several, as it seemed, prominent business men. One said: "As a class, there are no other people so dishonest as the farmers," etc., relat- ing then some of his experience in buying apphis, tile barrels being faced with good, large apples, but were otherwise filled with trasii. I felt sorry that such a sentiment should prevail among theses people. 1 ventured to approaijh them and asked the gentleman to kindly go over to the grocery across the street and emi)ty out a few of the sixty bas- kets of Burbank plums which I had just delivered there, then come back and tell us wiial he had found in the bt)t- toms of the baskets. However, he would not go; perhaps I blulTed him off. It seems to me. not saying anything about dishonesty, it is a very poor busi- ness policy to face apple barrels, iilmn baskets or honey crates with a superior article, putting trash into the center. Let us all denounce and guard against such a practice. It does not pay in the long run. When I first commenced using plain sections I thought it might be necessary to use cheap dividers in the shipping crates, and accordingly I had quite a number of thousands sliced from beech timber; but I have now come to the con- clusion that they are not as necessary as it at first seemed. I have given uj* their use entirely, although 1 have them and hardly know what use to put them to. Through the (Jrape-growers' Associa- •tion of my town I am often in a position to ship honey in through cars to differ- ent and distant markets. It is my experience that honey in small lots carries much safer when put up in large crates of about two hundred pounds. These crates are provided with project- ing handles so two men can conveniently carry a crate of this kind. But the pro- jecting handles are sometimes trouble- some when it comes to packing baskets j of fruit around them. We have changed the construction of tiie crates in a manner that the handles will drop down out of the way. We now hear no more grumbling of our fruit men, who have sometimes threatened cutting off those handles. We aim to ship our comb-honey before cold weath(>r s(>ts in. Naples, N.V.. Aug. :>.->. IDOU. His Highness, the Bey of Tunis, has conferred on Mr. T. B. Blow, an Eng- lishman, the decoration of the order of Nichem Iftakar. with the rank of officer, in recognition of his services as adviser j on apiculture to the Tunisian govern- ment.— Olecmings. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 185 CLIPPING QUEENS. Wrong and Right Methods of Doing this Work — Editor's Views. THE difTcrtMiee of opiinctn anions' practical boe-keepers regarding- the utility of the various styles of hives and implements is readily explained by the diversity of methods employed in the pursuit of tlie several objects sought. Apparently conflicting ideas of methods frequently result from climatic or other conditions as widely differ(Mit. Practical men usually have some logical reason for their preferences in these matters; yet. it is not improb- able that to most cf us is afforded abundant opportunity, through closer study and practice, to very materially advance our interests. This has been amply demonstrated in our own case. Repeated trials, with the exercise of patient observation, have shown that the lack, of experience and skill were alone responsible for the unsatisfactory results attending first efforts. Well may the reader ask. "What has all this to do with our subject ? " Only this: The foregoing thoughts are a result of reading in the Bee-keepers;' Review the following editorial: Dr. Miller, A. Norton and the editor of (Tlea)iln(is discuss some of the methods of clipping a queen's wing. I have tried the methods that they mention, and several others besides, and have nc^ver found any better way than the one recommended by the editor, viz.: that of simply picking up the queen by the wings, using the thumb and forefinger of the right hand, then transferring lier to the left thumb and forefinger, taking hold of lier by the thorax. As he ex- plains, the thorax has a hard, cliitinous covering, and, with ordinary care, th(>re is no danger of injuring a (pieen in holding her by this part of her body. While holding her in this manner clip her wing with a pair of scissors. The only trouble is that when the fpu'en feels the scissors she is likely to tlirust up a leg. and the careless or nervous opera- tor may cut off a leg as well as a wing. The remedy is not to be nervous or care- less. There is no need of haste. Do the work slowly and deliberately. If a leg comes up in the way. wait un,til it goes down. Whether one is engaged in the pro- duction of comb-honey, extracted honey, queen rearing or rearing bees for sale; whether he operates north or south, east or west; whether he is a bee-keeper for profit or for pleasure only, are mat- ters having no bearing on the methods of clipping a queen's wing. The best method in the hands of one remains always the best in the hands of any and all. There may Ije those who. by long practice, have become more proficient in the use of a faulty method than they would b(> with one much more simple and efficient with which they were un acquainted. Their failure, however, to have acquired dextei-ity in tlu' simpler and better method, indicates nothing against the obviously better plan; nor to prove the superioi-ity of a bungling, dangerous way to which they may have been accustomed. We believe there is a right way and one or more wrong ways of doing anything. That is. understated conditions there is always one method possessing greater merit, or a greater number of advantages than any one of all other methods. This, then, is the •right way" of performing this particu- lar piece of work. The olivious advantages, under cer- tain methodsof handling bees, in having the que(Mi's wings clipped, has led to its extensive practice, and it will doubtless long remain as an establislied custom with bee-keepers. We therefore believe that if there exists any one method of clipping. whicli is really m()r(^ simple, ex- peditious and safe than any other, that method should be advocated. With due respect to the opinions of such able veterans as Messrs. Hutchin- son and Root, we cannot but believe that tlieir public advocacy of so crude and dangerous a method of clipping is dui' only to the fact that they have failed to give a fair test to a decidedly better way. If the proper method is 18(i THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER ()ntoJ)cr acquirod it is not noccssarv that the qnoeifs If^s aro oiuIaiit;;*'r('(l, that she should be rendorod liable to hciiiij l)alled as she is after being: thus liaudled. Nor is it necessary that she shall have rea- son to think she has been seen: nuich less deprived of a \vinj;\ We siiall then assume that any one who takes a (jueen from the comb for tlie simple purpose of ciippinfi her win^j-. is employing a faulty method. EVEX A C^KII.l) (AN DO IT. The best known method of clipping. which requires but little practice, is as follows: An ordinary pocket knife is the only tool necessary. It should have a razor ed^e. If the knife is not very sharp some pressun; will be necessary in order to sever the wing; but with a very k(M'u edge its own weight is sufficient to accomplish the work instantly, without danger of cutting the linger. Stand the frame upon wliich the queen is found, against the side of the I'.ive, or have it otherwise lirnily sup- port(Kl in a conv«Miient j)ositi(Mi. Do not attempt to catch the wing until the quc^en. of lior own accord, assumes an upright position: that is. wait until she I stands or walks witii licad iipwar 1. wliich she will soon tlo. ordinarily. Now. witli tiic knifi' in tln' rii:ht hainl. and llie thuinl) and inilrx linui-r of the left li.li'litlv pressed to^icther. liciitly raise the tip of t!ie left wing with puiiit of tiugi^r and witli a rolling motion, caused by a siinlit contracti(»n of the llniinli and tingei'. engage the tip of the wing. and at the same instant cut off abnut three-.si.\teenths of an inch of th(» ujjper wing thus held. This is acoomplisiiied by simply giving a slight strode of the knife across the wing against the linii. so that she shall not pull nor twist the wing. With a little i>ractice the clij)piug is acciiniplisluMi so easily and (luiekly that the (|neeii iiives no a])pai'eiit sign of knowing that she has lieen toiicheii at all: in fact, only the tip of the wing lias been touched, and a1 the same instant it lias been so clcNerly reinoveil that she continues willioiit iiiteirupliuii to look for vacant cells in which ti> de- posit i-^iii^. Nothing could well lie simpler: even a child, if piMperly in- structed, can clip (|neeus with a knife as well as the experienceil bee-keeper. Drones :ind workers alVoid excellent tm THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 187 l)r;u-tiL'<^ fin- tlu^ l)ngin;n'r, until h(^ lias learned just the propor iiKivoiiKMit. In the picture is slmwii a s(^V('ll-vea^ old l)()y who h.is elipped many queens with a kuil'e. and is here inthcactof clipping;- a valuable breeder. While it probably would not be advisable to allow such a rliild to pick a (pietMi olf the comb with line hand and transfer it to tho other hand, and then >;d at her with a pair of scissors: to do it with a knife. aft(M- some instructions and practice, there is I'OSITIO.X IN' CLIPPING no j:;ood reason why he should not clip two hundred queens in a day without endangering one of them, and doing it as well as an experienced bee-keeper. The twentieth century bee-keeper will smil(! at the thouf^ht of tisin: queens from the comb to clip them, as is yet advocated — and well lie may. THE MANAGEMENT OF BEES. S. FKKU IIAXTOX. AFTER the honey harvest, and be- fore winter sets in. the successful bee-keeper will have examined liis colonies, feedinj^' those in need of stores on sugar syrup or j^ivini( them well-tilkul combs from hives that can spare them. The best lilh^d combs, which are nsually ne.vt th«! walls of hive, should be shifted to the cent(!r, as tlie bees clustes are in single-walh^d hives they are apt to suflfer loss in winter, un- less the hives are placed close together, thus forming a protection for each other, or are so constructed that an outer case can be slipped over the hive and the intervening space filled with cut straw, leaves, or some other packing material. The value of the honey pro- duced by one colony saved, in a fair year, will pay for several cases to pro- t(^ct the hives. Many apiarists winter their bees in cellars, and this is a good plan if the cellar is dry and can, without trotible, be, kept at a temperature of from 45 to 0.5 degroK'S. In th(> early spring the bees begin to rear brood and if there is any honey to be gathered (for in some years this qualitication is necessary), those colon- ies rearing the most brood, and conse- ly the strongest, will gather the most hon(>y and thus yield the greatest profit to their owner. To promote rapid brood production, a little stimulative feeding is very bene- ficial. A half pint of sugar-syrup, fed warm in the middle of the day two or three times a week, will make a marked difference in the state of the colony. When the frames in the center have l)e(n fairly well filled with brood and - <-ggs, the frames should be separated and a couple of outer ones placed in their midst. If they are well filled with honey, the cappings should be broken, causing the bees to remove the honey to another part of the hive and fill those in the center with brood, thus in- creasing the size of the brood-chamber and the strength of the colony. Empty hives should b(^ on hand when the time comes for their use. as swarms will not HMuain clustered mor(» than twoor three 188 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPEB Octohci' Iiours, and many a swarm has liccn lost h(»causo no hive was prepared for it. My apiary is near an orchard, and. to save climbing; and unnecessary work. I have a nail keg fastened to a twenty- foot pole, by means of which I place tiie keg abont the cluster and. having jarred the bees into it. dump them out before the empty hive, and in ten min- utes have the swarm in their new loca- tion. I find that it pays better to use starters instead of full sheets of b''ood foundation in the br.xxl-fraiiK^s. Oakfield. N.V.. .lulv 17. I'.iOO. PREVENTION OF SWARMING. How it is Accomplished in the Produc- tion of Comb Honey. KV .1. W. TEFl''T. THE bee-keeper"s life, providing it is reasonably successful, as one in five hundred may be. certainly lias its advantages and attractions. I live where I please — am not chained to a post; my calling ties me to no office stool, I am no man's slave. I appreciate the liberty from town life and rejoice in the freedom of the farm an:l forest sur- rounding my rural home: awaking (-ach morning to ihe innsic ol humm'iig bees. breathing pun^ air and exercising limbs as well as brain. All happiness must be purchased with a price, though bee- keepers seldom appreciate this fact. A p irt of the price in this instance is in thus living in such a way that to amass a fortune would be impossible: j^et. as it is highly improbable that I should have been able to do this in any other pursuit I may claiin to have mad<' the wiser choice in my sidection. I do not wisii the r(niders of Tmk Americ.\x Hkk- KKKi'KH to get th(^ impressioH that I presume to know all about bees: though I am well aware that I cannot afford to keep bees at all unless I know a gre;it deal about them. I know It does no good for the iinpression to get abroad that an apiarian writer receives pav for is writing, tiiough I noti; yo\ir pri>po- sition in the .luly number to exchange iloUars and (jueeus for ideas. In the .\ugust number .Mr. Doolittle giv(>s his method of presenting swarm- ing, which is capital; though I think I have a better and more simple plan. 1 try to gi\e the (jueen ample accomiiu)- dati(uis in a wide, well-ventilated brood chambei'. Experience has taught me that in order to ol)tain the best results 1 must keep the bees at work in one hive. Empty combs or frames of foundation given at times, as the queen requires room, is my plan — and it is the correct plan. I never take any brood from the hiv'e, for the reason that it would be im- possible to get the best returns if I should do so, in the production of comb honey. To do this, the brood nest must be in the brood chamber, and not in a top story. I start in the early spring with a good queen, having bees enough to cover eight or nine L frames. After the packing has l)een removed and the hive and bees put in order, I replace the enameled cloth — which had been remov- ed the fall previous — over the frames, to retain the heat. Over this the chaff cushion is placed. I sometimes stimu- late the queen by uncapping some of their stores, or otherwise feeding them. As the season advances I crowd the honey to the outside of the hive, by spreading the brood and inserting empty coml)s. This I do from time to time until 1 have thirteen combs in the brood chamber. Finally I take out two combs of honey and replace with empty combs. By this time — say June :20th — I have an army of workers and brood combs full of brood just before the opening of bass- wood bloom. Wiien putting on sections I place my surplus tray * down in front of the iiive. take from the brood chaml)(>r all comb"' containing unsealed bro'od. with adher- ing bees, leaving nine frames of mature brood in the brood chamber. Sometimes I take but two frames from below, leav- * This, we believe, is an iipjier story in wlii(!h widi' frames are used.— Ku 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 189 ing eleven. The frames of brood removed are alternated with frames of sections in the surplus tray, which is placed upon the hive over the brood chamber. Between each frame of brood and sections I use my novelty separator, and as soon as the bees begin work in tlie sections I shake all bees from the frames of brood and give the brood to colonies that need it; but if the colony is too strong I take brood and adhering bees and form nuclei with them. In this way swarming is prevented; I have no swarms at all. South Wales, N.Y. NOTES FROM THE KEYSTONE STATE. M. F. REEVE. THE APRICOT FOR EARLY POLLEN. There is a Russian apricot tree just alongside of my little collection of bees at Rutledge. It bloomed profusely early last spring, long before any other fruit trees, and afforded a source of pollen and nectar for the brood even as early as the willows and gooseberries, it seem- ed to me. The tree was tilled almost at daylight with the musical hum of the host of bees, and up to nightfall they were buzzing among the branches. The effect in the setting of the fruit was, of course, in proportion, but insect pests damaged the crop. I desisted from spraying on account of the possible injury to the workers, which might re- sort to the tree, for moisture even after the fruit had "set," although their supply generally comes from a run about a block away. I would advise the planting of the Russian apricot in local- ities where early pollen is deficient. ALARMED OVER FOUL BROOD. There was considerable alarm among the members of the Philadelphia Bee- keepers' Association at the July " out- ing" at an apiary at Collingdale, when it became noised about that " black brood" had made its appearance in at least two apiaries in suburban Phila- delphia, and fears were expressed that the disease had also gained, a foothold among the colonies of the host. The discovery was made subsequently, how- ever, that the supposed dead brood was very lively and hatched out. all right, ?o the owner demonstrated by exhibiting some of the '•hatching" cells several days later on. It appeared in the dis- cussion at the " outing" that the infec- tion had come from bees purchased from an infected colony of something like 200 hives in the suburbs of Philadelphia. There was a disposition manifested in certain directions to keep the "foul brood " matter quiet, a step which some of the others regarded as a mistake. The host gave a demonstration of queen-rearing by the Alley improved system, which was appreciated by those who saw it. Rutledge, Pa. PREPARATION FOR WINTER. REV. C. M. HERRING. During the warm days in autumn every colony of bees that lacks stores for wintering should be fed on syrup made of the best of sugar, four pounds to one quart of water brought to a boil. Win- tering in a barn chamber or closed-up out-house is not best, for it affords no let-up on warm days. It is much better to have the hives outdoors if they are protected, where a warm change in the weather will give the bees an opportunity to change the locality of their cluster nearer to their stores. It is the let-up in the weather that makes the difference, without which, as in a cold, tight building, the bees unable to move out from the cluster by reason of the cold, to get at their stores, will starve while there is plenty of food in the cold, remote parts of the hive. In the cellar it is not so when kept at a temperature of about 38 degrees. If the cellar is dry, well ventilated and (lark, it is the best place for the bees 190 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October (lurino; tli<> three winter months, hut early in Marcli they siionld he on their summer stands. A closed-up room or huildino;, that is too warm, is equally fatal to bees. Brunswick, Me. PUHLISHED MONTHIA' li V THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Editor. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies 85 cts. ; 3 copies, $1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. PostaEje prepaid in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents extra to all countries in tlie postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, it words; $2.00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per cent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, fcr six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the l.>th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. |:S^Matters relatins» in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The Amehicas Bee-keeper, Falconer, N.Y. t^~ Articles for jmblication. or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. Z'W Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with tliis number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. .JW~ A rjd wr.ipper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. Messrs. F. Gieiner, S. F. Ha.x;- ton, W. H. Pridgen and J. W. Tefft get the cash and queens for Octobei-. Do not neglect to prepare the bees very carefully for the coming ordeal of winter. If you have been unfortunate in not securing a profit- able crop of honey this season, next year may square accounts ; provided the bees are in condition to take advantage of the flow. ' "A $200 Queen,'' or even "u $100 Queen," makes a very catchy headline for a queen -breeder's ad- vertisement. It is a very simple matter for a breeder to place such a valuation upon the queen from which he breeds — in his advertise- ments. We know of a number of breeders at present who claim to be breeding; from such high- priced stock. Reference is frequently made of late, in our exchanges, to the "Hyde method" of cell building. If The Bee-keeper is not behind the times — which we think it is not — Mr. W. H. Pridgen was the first man to advocate the confinement of bees for cell buildingi;. For the sake of uniformity, we use the term by which it appears to be popularly known at present ; but incline to the belief that the honor belongs to Mr. Pridffen. The Western Bee-keeper is in- formed that twenty-four maiden ladies arrived at Denver, Col., on one train, recently, to engage in the culture of bees in that State. Our contemporary is of the opinion that Colorado offers to women in quest of profitable investments for their savings, a very desirable field, as apiarists. California, we believe, would otter even greater induce- ments to such a trainload of aspir- ants for fame in the realm of apiculture. There would be abun- dant opportunities for them to become equal partners in well- 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 191 established apiaries without the expenditure of capital. Editor R. B. Leahy, of the Frog- /■tssioe Bee-keeper, has been taking his annual outing among the bee- keepers of that stretch of country i)etween the Mexican border and the Canadian frontier. In his rounds he visited Texas, and was present at the convention of the Central Texas Association. Speak- ing of this meeting of bee-keepers in the Lone Star State, he says : "I have never met with such an enthusiastic gathering of bee- keepers in my life." The Bee-keeper learns with sorrow of the death of Mr. Doo- little's mother, aged eighty-five years, which occurred in August .last, after an illness of five weeks. Mr. M. F. Reeve, another of our esteemed correspondents, writes ])athetically of the death of his father during the same month. The letters to the editor of these bereav- ed friends, expressive of such deep afiection for their departed parents, elicit our profound sympathy and condolence. In working for the evolution of bees with longer tongues, in order that they may reach the nectar in red clover, thus greatly increasing the source of supply as well as the seed crop, E. E. Hasty tells in Gleanings of his personal efforts to shorten the road to success by working to establish a variety of clover having shorter corolla-tubes. Developments at both ends of the line will be observed with interest by those engaged in agriculture and bee-keeping. posedly defunct organ is before us. It very neai"ly approaches the de- parted Bee-kee2)e)'s' Quarterly in point of preference for its own productions ; the matter being chiefly editorial. Some of these "editorials," however, are verbatim reproductions from The American Bee-keeper and other bee papers, without credit. While we regret that this bright little Westerner is too young to "roast" — for its dis- regard of propriety — we are pleased to note that it has been resuscitat- ed, and wish it great success. As a result of Mr. Doolittle's ingenuity it is quite likely that the bee-keeping world shall be provided with a cell-cup, at an early date, which is practically indestructible. By its adoption, the use of cell- protectors will become entirely un- called for in the queen-rearing apiary. Having queens hatch from holes in a block of wood has some- thing of the sound of a fairy tale; yet this is exactly what Mr. Doo- little has been doing, and we are indebted to him for an account of his experiments in this line, as well as for specimens of the cells from which queens had hatched. We shall give it all in our queen-rearing number. It appears that The Western Bee- keeper "will not down." A copy of the September number of that sup- Mr. Henry Alley, the veteran queen -breeder of Massachusetts, we are pleased to learn, has had great success in business this year. He has adopted a new system in the starting of cells with which the public will be made acquainted a little later. Mr. Alley claims that he is enabled to produce queens sviperior to those reared under nat- ural swarming. Anything giving premise of such results as this will immediitely elicit and retain the interest of every bee-keeper, until such times as Mr. Alley finds it con- 192 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October venient to afford relief, by permit- ting us to put the plan into practice. Mr. Alley will contribute an article to the coming queen -re aring number. Of the various methods recom- mended for the starting of queen- cells, where artificial cups are used, it is doubtful if any will yield as large a percentage of perfect cells as that of confining the bees on combs of honey without brood, for several hours. One great objec- tion to the practice of this plan .is the loss of bees which escape while the cups are being given. After being thus confined they will, of course, "boil" out of the hive as soon as it is opened. We have de- vised a practical method of giving the cups without opening the hive, hence, it is impossible for a single bee to escape. The plan will be illustrated and explained in our queen-rearing number, which we are now arranging to get out. Dr. E. Gallup, in Am. Bee Jour- nal, says San Diego County, Cal., has produced this year about four hundred tons of honey, nearly all of which has been sold in the Ger- man markets at from 5 to 6^ cents a pound. It becomes more clearly evident that the European market is to afford relief from the out- rageous freight rates to Eastern points, to which the producer of the Pacific Slope has heretofore been subject. The question of trans- portation was for some years the gravest problem which confronted the California bee-keepers. It now appears that the excessive charges imposed by railway companies, in carrying the crops to the Eastern markets of our country, is to result beneficially to the producers. "Ill blows the wind," etc. A recent letter from a friend in Ecuador states that he has never seen honey in the markets of that country, and that, after a great deal of inquiry, he ha«i failed to find anyone having any knowledge of bees. Take into consideration the fact that our correspondent dates his letter from Guayaquil, the chief maritime port of the republic, it would appear that the world is not yet overcrowded with bee-keepers. It is not improbable that succeeding generations may see the bee-keeping industry in extensive operation in all parts of the world, with a list of representative journals correspond- ingly increased. There is obviously much room for expansion and im- provement in every department of the business. Some of our apicul- tural editors evidently faw to appreciate the great possibilities before us. The Westet'?i Apiar)/, edited and published by C. H. Gordon, Boulder, Colorado, is the latest candidate for public favor in the field of apicul- tural journalism. It is a sixteen- page monthly, very nicely gotten up and contains very readable mat- ter, both original and selected. This gives Colorado two bee-papers, The Western Bee-keeper and The Western Apiary. The more good journals we have, the better; but it is extremely questionable that both of these shall live to realize their youthful dreams of ultimate success. We see no good reason why a good representative journal should not find suppox't in the West. If both succeed, all the better. It is our wish that they may; but it will doubtless be a case of the survival of the fittest. At the convention of Ontario bee-keepers, Toronto, reported in Canadian Bee Journal, some of im) THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 193 those present were inclined to re- giu'd bee-piiralysis as a result of poison o-athered from the bloom or foliag'e of fruit trees during the spraying season. Uptni this point there is no room for question. Not only are the symptoms of poisoning and paralysis entirely dissimilar, bvit it is a fact that paralysis makrs its appearance with great regu- larity in certain primitive countries, quite remote from cultivated dis- tricts. Messrs. Hall and Arm- strong stated that in their experi- ence a removal of the queen had resulted in a cure of the disease — paralysis. Repeated trials of this treatment in our own apiaries lead to the conclusion that the same dis- appearance of the trouble would have taken place in the same space of time had the queens not been re- moved. It would have ceased only to reappear the following season, as stated by Mr. Hall. A light sprinkling of sulphur overall bees and both sides of the combs was found by Mr. O. O. Poppleton, of Florida, to effect a cure. We gave this treatment a very thorough test some years ago, and found that all affected bees would almost imme- diately die and no further signs would appear. The plan proved to be impracticable, however, as combs thus treated would never be used for breeding purposes again by the Cjueen. APIARIAN EXHIBIT AT THE PAN- AMERICAN EXPOSITION. Mr. Frank A. Converse, superin- tendent the live stock and agricul- tural and dairy products of the Pan -.American Exposition was present at the convention of the National Bee-heepers" Association in Chicago, and addressed the meet- ing in regard to apicultural ex- hibits. Mr. Converse very earnestly expressed the desire that the bee- keepers of the United States should make a display befitting so impor- tant an industry ; and pledged his hearty co-operation in carrying into effect the bee-keepers" plans in this direction. It is now the plan of the management of the exposi- tion to have this apiarian display representative from States. That is, if an individual from California or New York makes an entry, his exhibit will be placed in and become a part of the State exhibit from which the produce comes--California or New Pork. The apiarian exhibit is to be placed in the main agricultural building, where it will be seen by every one. Not all are interested in bees while every visitor to the exposition will visit the agricul- tural building, and, as Mr. Converse says, they will be obliged to see the display whether they ai'e especially interested in it or not. WHO SHALL FIX THE PRICE? The Bee-keepers' Review discusses the question of disposing of the honey crop, giving several columns of good advice to shippers. When shipping on commission, Editor Hutchinson emphasizes the impor- tance of selecting a firm known to be reliable. When we have decided to entrust our product to some re- sponsible firm, Mr. Hutchinson thinks, the matter of price etc., should be left to the discretion of said firm. His idea is that if we have not confidence in the firm's honesty and ability to do the best possible for us, we should not ship there; and if we have this confi- dence, we should not hamper our agent by restricting him. In other words, we should likely fare better by taking advantage of his experi- ence in the business and the knowledge of conditions, which conies to him as a result of his con- 19-1 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October stant contact with the trade. Per contra, H. D. Burrell, in the Amer- ican Bee Journal, in strongly con- tending for better prices for our product, urges the importance of stipulating the price at which it shall be sold, when sent to cominis- sion houses, and cites instances wherein he has greatly profited by so doing. He has found the com- mission man a pretty good fellow; but he is between two fires. He is anxious to secure the highest pos- sible price for his shipper and is no less desirous of pleasing his custo- mer, who, by the way, may be an old patron and friend. Mr. Burrell therefore urges that it be put be- yond the power of the agent to make any reduction from the highest market price, by stipulat- ing the figure at which the honey must sell, if sold at all. The advice in both instances is good, if applied where it fits. The reading bee-keeper knows pretty well the condition of the market and what he shoni'l receive for his honey. Ti.,^. oi.\e who is not iinw^ed would better leave the matter ^o some one who is. THE COCOON BASE CUP FOR ROYAL JELLY. On page 151, August num- ber, we expressed the opinion that cell-cups with cocoon base were perfectly adapted to the require- ments of those breeders who prac- tice transferring royal jelly and larvae according to the Doolittle method. We have quite extensively used both styles of cups in this way, with results very equally balanced; and as a small amount of jelly is rather more conveniently deposited in the center of the cocoon base than in the original style of cup, we were inclined to favor their use exclusively. Refer- ring to this matter Mr. Doolittle, in a private letter, says : ''Now, don't you be deceived in that way, for with some h-aving these deep bases I have proven that not fifty per cent, are accepted; and this after several experiments." We are glad to have this bit of information, for the cell -cup ques- tion is one which has largely en- grossed our attention for several years, and anything which gives promise of aiding in an early per- fection of appliances and simplified methods — methods which, by their evident superiority, shall cause their general adoption — in queen- rearing apiaries, is highly esteemed. If experiments more thorough than those which we have conducted have demonstrated the bees' pre- ferences for any one style of cup, we are glad to know it. We have reared many hundreds of queens during the past ten years by the Doolittle method, using the style of cup recommended in -'Scientific Queen-rearing," though, as we have have recently learned, the cups were not nearly so heavy as those made and used by the originator of the system. We doubt if there are any using Doolittle cups to-day who make them as heavy as does Mr. Doolittle himself. We have used >as been so dry. I trust this will not be the complaint of all." The SEASON in NORTH CAROLINA. Characteristics of Different Races. W. H. IMilDOEX. SOMETIMES the failure to ^e:ure a crop of honey is attribute d to too much rain, and at others t(t too little, and as a great many are reporting iMitire failures it may be interesting to note the conditions and r(>snlts in this section. Old men say tliev never saw a warmer or drier summer. We have had a few light showers and only two good rains since April, and it is estimated that field crops are all cut off at least half upon an average, and still the crop of honey lias been better than I haveevei known. At one time hardly any brood could be found except in newly-formed nuclei, which were lacking in field force, while the removal of full combs and the giving of empty ones had no effect in full colo- nies, further than to supply storage room. Those supplied with three sets of combs neglected brood-rearing as much as any, and for a while I thought we would have all honey and no bees, but being rich in stores, they bnilt up rapid- ly after the rush was over. The flow from spring flowers was good, beginning about May 1st, and lasting thr.\e or four weeks; but the heavy flow was the first of July, from sourwood and one would judge, the bark of the trees, being mainly honey dew, of a light amber color and good flavor. Cotton bloom yielded sufficiently to keep the bees out of mischief up to Aug. 2.5th and there was no tendency to rob up to that time: but now hardly a flower can be found, (ivesything is drying up except wild asters, and nothing sweet can be exposed. Should we have rain in time there is still a chance for another flow from the asters. It is evident from Mr. Oreiner's article beginning on page l(i7 that he has stud- ied well the characteristics of the diflfer- ent races of bees, and I am anxious to see what the emphasizer will say. He has certainly got to meet some stubborn facts. Creek. N. C. Sept. f:!. lUOO. Honey and Beeswax Market. Ni:\v YoitK. Sei>t is. HiOO. —Receipt of couib honey very lii;ht. There is u goo:l demand for all grades and we (luote a.s follows: Fancy white, 15 (n KJc ; No. 1 amber. l;i(<" U'/.c; amber, H!^ te lie; buckwheat imnlassid. lOc: buckwheat gla.ssed or cartons, lie ; white e'/.tractcd in barrels, 7 (a 7!^c.; llnht amber extract.'d in barrels, tJU & Tc; bnck- wlieat extracted in kegs, .jl^ (S; lie. Beeswax in good demand at 28e FitAXCis II. Leggett iV; Co. Kaxs.\s City. Mo., Sept. IT. — Supply of both comb and extracted honey is light and the demand good. Comb, \'A di \^c.■, extracted. (! fe 8c. Condi- tions for beeswax the same at 2.t @ SOc. It looks as t!-.ough the demand would continue strong and r„'ceipts light. .Market in goo.1 stiape for ship- ments. W. K. Cromwell Piiom'CE Co. Boston, Sept. IT — Our honey market is rery strong at the following prices with supplies very light: Fancy 1 lb. cartons ITc: A No. 1 •lo® ICc; No. 1. l.ic; No. 2. Vi % lie; extracted T'^ @ SJ^c . according to ([uality. Can see no reason why these prices should not be well maintained right through the season, and advise shijiping. BL.AKE, SooTT A Lee. 196 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October Chicago, Sept. 1". — The demand is good for all grades of honey, but supply is not heavy. We (juote, for best white comb, 14 (S> l.')c.; amber, 10 & 12c.; e.xtracted, 6 to 8c. Beeswax is scarce and sells at 28c. Prices are fully equal to those obtained last year and it now appears as if this would be a season of high prices. K. A. Burnett & Co. Buffalo, Sept. 17, IDOO.— The demand for honey is improving, but supply is still light. Fancy Comb sells at 1.5(5 Itic; other grades 10 ch Uc. vVe have always a good demand for beeswax while the supply is always moderate. Prices — fancy, 30 6i' Hlc; other grades, 25 (a 28c. lleally fancy 1-lb. comb is wanted and moves well at Ij @ 16c., other grades slower and accord- ingly lower. B.\TTEKsox & Co. LITERARY NOTES. In the October Lculies' Home Journal Edward Bok take.s up the cudgel again against the cramming methods inflicted on school-children, and urges as a step toward a reform of the abuse '"that every parent who lias a child at school will send a note to the teacher that, under no circumstances whatever, will the father and mother permit any home-study by the child. "This may seem to be a very simple thing to do,'' he contends, "but often the simplest things are the most effect- ive. If the teachers of this country should, within the next month, receive thousands of notes from parents to the effect pointed out, which they could — and I can speak for hundreds of teachers when I say that they would gladly do so^— hand to the heads of their schools, it would practically mean a re-adjust- ment of the entire system of study. This may be better understood when it is realized that the entire system of study during school hours in many of the schools is so arranged as to allow for some of the work to be done by the pupils at home. Let this taken-for- granted home study be stopped, and a change would have to be made. The studies at school cannot be increased in number, for already they are too many. The school hours cannot be lengthened, because the tide has set in to shorten them. Hence, some studies would have to be thrown out. if liome study were eliminated. And this i.>i the result desired." The Sutunlay Evcn'uKj Post for Sep- tember :2U is a special double nunibi^r. Tlie cover is by (Jibbs, and is in color. The opening feature, is the lirst install- ment of (Gilbert Parkei's new s(>rial, Tii<> Lane that Had No Turning. Those wlio have read this story pronounces it thi- strongest work that Mr. Parker has yet done. United States Senator A]b(>rt .1. Beveridge, of Indiana, lias a brilliant, paper on Facing the World at Fifty, in which he marshals an imposing array of successes after tin/ half-century mark had been passed. Ma.jor .lames B. Pond contributes two pages of remiscences of Mark Twain, giving for the first timo letters and anecdotes referring to his last lecture tour across the American continent. The short fiction of the number includes complete stories by Ian Maclaren. Lilian Quiller-C'ouch, Gertrude F. Lynch and Madeline Bridges. Honorable Champ Clark has a lively article on Stumping in Old Mis- souri. There are installments of Mooswa of the Boundaries. W. A. Fra- zer's animal story and of The Eagle"s Heart, Hamlin (iarlaiufs novel of tlie farWest. On the page denoted to Men and Women are stories of people prominent in the public eye. The editorial page treats of politics, the census and other current thfunes. The "Publick Occui- rences'" department tells how. through coal and gold the Tnited States has captured the supremacy of the world. Besides tliese attractions tiiere are articles giving the latest, scientific dis- coveries, Secretary Wilson's views of Farming as a ]iusin<'ss. Old-time Min- strel Men, with n<>w stories and anec- dotes: the latest gossi]) about books and literary people, and short articles and sketches. The question whether bees should be subject to ta.xation the same as other property has Ixmmi much discussed ol lat<;. and it has been pointed out witli plausibility, at least, that since bee-men desire protection of the law for hives and their contents and (ieunmd special legislation (spi'aying laws etc.). there can be no valid protest against a reason- able amount of taxation lieing U'vied. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 197 The ABC of Bee Culture. 1900 Edition. The only Encyclopaedia on Bees. 500 Pages. The last edition, 5000 copies, issued in October, 1899, was exliansted in tlic siiort space of one year. Even before tlie edition was out of the press, loOO copies had been sold: and before thirty days had passed, 1000 more copies were taken. We immediately set to work to print a new edition. While the edition of 1S99 was more thoroughly revised than any previous one, thatforlOOO has received even larger additions of new matter, so that the book from beginning to end is almost entirely new. It contains 500 double-column pages. It has been most carefully gone over by Dr. C. C. Miller, who has prepared a new set of comments, and by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona College, Cal. As before, old subjects have been rewritten. Descriptions of obsolete methods have in all cases been stricken out and the very latest put in their place. The new edition will be ready for delivery about November 15. Send your orders at once to get a copy of the first lot from the bindery. Orders filled in rotation. Orders may be sent to the undersigned, or to any dealer in bee-keepers supplies. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE Trade Marks Designs Copyrights &c. Anyone sending a sketch and description may quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an invention is prohnbly patentable. Communica- tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken throush Slunn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir- culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a year : four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN&Co.^^^^-'-v- New York Branch Office, 626 F St., Washington, D. C. The New C. Von Culin BNCUBATOR. Poultry-keeping combines very nicely with bee- keeping. The New C. Von Culin Incubator, made by the \V. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Jamestown, N.Y., is what you need to make it successful. Send for Catalogue and read "What They Say" and you will know it is the best yet invented. 377 GennisonSt., Gi'and Rapids, Mich. Jan. 12, 18i)i,). C. Von Culin: Incubator I bought of you has proved itself a wonderful success. First hatch of 200 eggs I got I'Jti chicks. Mrs. C. W. UeYoung. The Chautauqua Drying Bars is an invention for saving room in crowded kitchens which will surely be appreciated by every housekeeper. The warmest and dryest air in a room is al- ways overhead, and clothes hung upon these radiating bars, which are attached by a couple of screws to the wall, are not only out of the way but in the best part of the room for drying quickly and thor- oughly. Price $1.00. Made only by The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. Bars are all raised or lowered by one motion. 198 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October Early Queens! Earlier Queens ! ! Earliest Queens !!! Our strain of Italian (Queens we believe to be unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our locaiinn being farther south than that of any other breeder in the United States we can sljip queens any day in the year. No disease. Warranted Queens $1. six for ?5, or .f9 per dozen. Safe arrival guaranteed. Southern Bee Company, II. E. HILL, Manager. Fort Pierce, Indian Kiver, ■Itt Florida. BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. Tliis cut represents our Combined Machine, which is the best machine made for use in the construction of Hives, Sections, Boxes etc. Sent on trial. Send for Cata- logue and Price List. W. F. & Joiix Baknes Co., ',118 Kuby St., Kocklord, 111. Please mention American Bee-keeper. Poultry, Bees and F^^uit is a combination that has been a success with our most prosperous farmers. It is also a monthly journal devoted exclusively to these industries at 35 cents a year. You can get it for 15 cts. a year for a short time to introduce it. Better send stamps to-day and get it for a year. Advertis- ing rates low. Address: Poultry, Bees and Fruit, 4tf Davenport, la. NEVER NEGLECT A COLD OR COUGH N'cs;lect ;: (>)ld or Cou'.'h and if La (iriijpe don't '-'('t you. Consumption will CtrsHMAN'S IKHALER cure? colds and nil diseases oi" the breath- way piissnges. You loseciolln's in rinc- tor billsin not keeplngCl'SKM AX'S ^^ INHAI^RK harifly" to drive otf a p^ colli or ooiiKh or sore throat at (> f j Its very tirfit approach. l/.f ir jroii cnn't net II nt Drueclsts send tor it. By m:M, .'lO cpnl)i. Send fur Kmik on .Mpnllinl, free. '.TSII.IU.N DKl'UCO., VIMKKNKS, INU., U. B. A. tl When writing to advertisers say: " I saw your adv't in The Ameiucan Bee-keepeu." SHINE! The Empire Washer C'onipany Jamestown. N.Y. make a Sh ne ('abinet, furnished with foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe rubber — in fact, all articles and materials needed to keep shoes looking their best — and as it is made to be fastened to the wall of toilet room or kitchen, it does away with the vexatious searching after these articles which is altogether too common. A postal will bring you details of this and other good things. GOLDEN ITALIAN QUEENS, which give satisfaction are the kiud that H. U. tjuirin sends out. The A. I. Root Co. tell us that our stock is extra fine. Give us a trial order for our Selected Stock ^ind see how well we can please you. All Queens sent PROMPTLY BY RETURN MAIL, with safe delivery guar- anteed. Have bred Queens for twelve years. PRICES OF QUEENS AFTER JUNE: Warranted, each.fi ..'jO; six, 12.7.5; twelve, $5. Selected warranted, " .7.^; " 4.00; " 7. Tested, - - " 1.00; " 5.00; '• !t. Selected te.sted, " 1.50; " 8.00. Extra selected tested, the best that money can buy, each $;i.OO. Address all orders to H. G. QUIRIN, Parkertown, Erie Co., Ohio. (Money Order office, Bellevue, Ohio). 7-4t 900% tkm^l^ik ^^000 NEW LIFE TEA ALWAYS CURES CONSTIPATION, INDIGE5TION, SICK HEADACHE, And imparts new life to the whole system. At all druggists and dealers, 25c, or sent by mail, if your dealer will not supply you. Address, LANOHA/l HED. CO., LE ROY, N. Y. RvTT'TfV RT?AT»TrT? °^ '^^^ American Bee- Jld\M>KX JXt.AL>tjii keeper is entitled to a free sample of The Practical Poultryman if he will send name and address on a postal. This is to get you interested in one of the best jxiultry journals published, with the expectation that you will send 50 cents for a year's subscription if you find the paper just what we say it is — a live, hust- ling, practical, reliable, semi-monthly journal. You need the paper; we want your support. Try it. .\ddress. Practical Poultryman, tf Whitney's Point, N.Y. Modern Culture (jfl.OO a year) with The American Boe-keep(M-, fl.OO a year. lf)00 THE AMERICAN DEE-KKFA'FAl 199 Superior Stock. Every bee-keeper wlio has liad exparienco with >.i'VL'ral strains o£ bees knows that some are far su- in'iior to otliers— that there is scrub stock among bees, just as there are scrub horses, cattle, sheep and poultry. Let me eive my own experience. Years ago. while living at Rogersville. I made a specialty o£ rearing queens for sale. Before engag- ing in this work I bought Italian queens and Itali- anized, not only my own bees, but all within three miles of my apiary. In buying those queens I think that I patronized nearly every breeder in the United States: and even in those years of inexper- ience I was not long in noting tbe great difference in the different strains of bees. The queens from one particular breeder produced bees that delighted me greatly. They were just plain, dark, three- banded Italians, but as workers I have never seen them equaled. They seemed possessed of a steady, quiet determination that enabled them to lay up surplus ahead of the others. Easier bees to handle I have never seen. It sometimes seemed as though they were too busy attending to their own business to bother witli anything else. Their honey was capped with a snowy wliiteness rivaling that of the blacks. In addition to these desirable traits must be added that of wintering wfeU; if any bees came through the winter it was the colonies of this strain. They came as near being ideal bees as any I have possessed. AH this was twenty years ago; and several times since then I have bought queens of this same breeder, and 1 have always found this strain of bees possessed of those same good qualities— industry, gentleness and hardiness. In addition to this they cap their honey as the blacks do theirs. I have frequently corresponded with this breeder, and with those who have bought queens of him, and I am thoroughly convinced that he has a strain of bees that are far superior to the general run of stock. If I were starting an apiary for the production of honey, I should unhesitating- ly stock it with this strain of bees. This breeder has always advertised in a modest, quiet sort of way. nothing in proportion to what his stock would have warranted, and I have decid- ed that I can help him, and benefit my readers, at BUlf V on- ^ leui \ ing * a profit to myself, by advertising these bees in. a manner befittingly energetic. '\ The price of these queens will be ¥1.50 each. Thi^ may seem like a high price, but the man who pays ~^^ it will make dollars where this breeder and myself \. make cents: and when you come to read the con- ditions under which they arc sold, it will not seem so high. The queens sent out will all be youi queens, just beginning to lay, but, as there are no black bees in the vicinity, it is not likely that any will prove impurely mated. If any queen should prove impurely mated, another will be sent free of charge. Safe arrival in first-class condition will be guaranteed. Instructions for introducing will be sent to every purchaser, and if these instructions are followed, and the queen is lost, another will be sent free of charge. This is not all: if, at any time within two years a purchaser, for any reason WH.\TEVEU, is not satisfied with his bargain, he can return the queen, and his money will be re- funded, and .50 cents extra sent to pay him for his trouble. It will be seen that the purchaser runs xo RISK WHATKVER. If a queen does not arrive in good condition, another is sent. If he loses her in introducing, another is sent. If she should prove impurely mated, another is sent. If the queen proves a poor layer, or the stock does not come up to the expectations, or there is ANY" reason why the bargain is not satisfactory, the (jueen can be returned and the money will be refunded, and the customer fairly well paid for his trouble. I could not make this last promise if- 1 did not know that the stock is really supekiok. I said that the price would be $1.50 each. There is only one condition under which a queen will be sold for a less price, and that is in connection with an advance subscription to the REVIEW. Any one sending me $1.00 for the REVIEW for 1900 can have one queen for $1.00; that is, I will send one queen and the REVIEW for I'JOO (and 12 back numbers, free) for only $2.00. Of course, this special offer is made for the sake of getting the REVIEW into the hands of those who are unac-' quaiuted with its merits. Orders will be strictly Ifl rotation. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. DiREQ FROM PRODUCER EVERYTHinO orJOBBERtoCQMSIMR (MMfymMOMr^i&^oNEmiyptMmE puAst MENTION Ji OREAT OR SMALL '^ ^'* •'*'*'' WRITE FOR OTALOOUE. ENCLOSE 10 CTS.TBHEIP ft»Y POSTAGE ^^^ ROYAL TEMPLARS. A beneficiary association, its grade of payments. Scientific and safe. Both sexes received in perfect equality. You get just what you pay for, and only pay for what you get. Organized 1870. Emergency fund maintained. Expense of management low. Claims paid without expense to beneficiary. Send for information. General office, Itf Masonic Building, Buffalo, N.Y. HOMES WANTED ! Families, both Catholic and Pro- testant, willing to offer a good home to a boy or girl of any age from in- fancy to ten years and who will re- ceive the child as a member of the family and give it such care and training as will fit it for a life of self-support and usefulness, are in- vited to correspond with State Charities Aid Association. 4^ 105 E. 22d St., New York City. This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others would notice YOUHadvt. in The Am. Bee-keeper. BUY YOUR WIFE ^^ Empire Washer and save her strength. Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y., make 'em well and sell 'em cheaply. 200 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Octdher flARCESTANDMoSTCOMPLETEBUGGYf^CTORY on EaRTN WRITE FOR Prices AND -^^s^Catalocue Our Goods Are The Best^^ Our Price the lowest Parry Mfg.S'"^'^"=p° WORK H HOME We want refined ladies and gentlemen to work tor us at liorue. Recreation for the wealthy ; profitable em- ployment for all. Also agents; ^Ci to $20 a week. Full particulars for two-cent stamp. 4-7t The Nickellet Co., Lynn, Mass. If you are not a subscriber UNION COMBINATION SAW For Ripping, Cross-cutting, Mitering, Rabbet- ing, Grooving, Bor- ing, Gaining, Scroll Sawing, Edge Mold ing. Beading, etc. Full line foot and HAND POWER Ma- chinery. Send for Catalot,iie \ SENECA FALLS MFG. CO., 1-12 45 Water St., Seneca Falls, N.Y. Eugene Field's Poemsf* A $7.00 book Tlie book of the century. Hand- somely illustrated by thirty-two of the world's great- est artists. Given Free 1^1 O ^'^ eacl! person interested — subscribing to the Eugene Field Monument Souvenir Fund. Subscribe any amount desir- ed. Subscriptions as low as .•?! will entitle donor to his daintily artistic volume "FIELD FLOWERS" (clotli bound. S.xU), as a certi- ficate of subscription to fund. Book contains a selection of Field's best and most repre- sentative works and is ready for delivery. But for the noble contributions of the world's greatest artists this book could not have been manufactured for less than !?". The Fund created is divided equally between the family of the late Eugene P'ield and the Fund for the building of a monument to the memory of the beloved poet of childhood. Address EUGENE FIELD MONUMENT SOUVENIR FUND, I Also at book stores. J ISO Monroe St., Chicago. If you also wish to send postage, enclose 10 ets. It The Poultry Industry, send ten cents, silver, and get this vigorous up-to-date poultry journal one whole year. Every copy is worth the year's subscription price. Box 218, Gouverneur, N.Y. UNITED STATES BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. General Manager and Treasurer — Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, la. Our readers aro invited to take advan- tao'e of our present arrangement which provides that one dollar in cash or one Italian queen of choice stock, goes each month to eacli of the two persons send- ing us the most interesting or instructive letter for publication. Fifty cents each for the two next best letters. It is not n((cessary that you say they are sent in competition for the cash or queens; if tli(^ matter is found "available" the premiums will be promptly forwarded with our thanks. tf IF YOU ARE A DEALER >^,«^-:^, in a country center 'tis likely you sell a good many pairs of boots during the year. Do you know that you can give a good, siibstantially-made Bootjack with every pair, with your advertisement jiromi- nently printed on it, at a cost to yourself of less than five cents each? They are made of sound liardwood, varnished, are about one inch thick, well put together and will "last a lifetime.'' This is only one of very many things we make of wood for advertising purposes. Correspond with The AMERICAN MFG. CONCERN, Jamestown, N.Y. Beeswax wanted We will pay 24 cents cash or 26 cents in goods for good quality of Beeswax, freight paid to FALCON- ER, N.Y. If you have any, ship it to us at once. [Prices subject to change without notice.] The W. T. Falconer Mfa:. Co. EGGS IN WINTER Are easily obtained under right conditions and attention. Subscribe for our poultry paper and learn bow. 25 cts. a year. Sample copy free. THE POULTRY ITEM, Box 190, Fbicks, Pa. BEAUTIFUL SEA SHELLS FREE. Since coming north I have received many inquir- ies for sea shells, and now I will say. Yes, I can send shells to anyone who wants them, for I have some beautiful ones from the West Indies. I will send a dozen different kinds of shells, no two alike, to anyone who sends a stamp for postage, and will also send a dozen or more brilliant scarlet sea peas from the Bahama Islands if you wish them. Anyone is welcome to send for these pretty things from the sea shore who sends postage. It Mrs. F. A. Warner, Pontiac, Mich. d> 1 r\r\ r\C\r\ absolutely GIVEN AWAY ^) l\J\Jf\J\J\J in *1.00 shares of dividend- bearing stock of company doing an universal busi- ness. Man, woman or youth may be a stockholder and share profits. Our plan is original. No such offer ever made. Send stamp to-uay for particu- lars. AcaibCo., Wilmiiigton, Del. x 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every new subscriber sending $1.00 for tte weekly American Bee Journal for one year will receive a copy of Newman's 160 page "Bees and Honey" free. The old American BoO Joumal is great this year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Journal free. Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established I89T. Circulation 5,000. Dcvoied exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Israel, Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. Norfolk.Ya. f For papers, maps, ' facts and figures, I send to A. Jeffers, L Norfolk, Va. 2-12 BEE SUEPLIES from LEWIS 'I'hey are the finest. TIIOU.-sANLS of bee HIVE'*, MILLIONS OF SECTIONS, , Ready for Prompt Shipment. G- B- LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., —=================—= TJ. S. A. Branch: G. B. LEWIS CO., lit ^o. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. A small Pooltry Farm is Better than a Gold Mine if you know bow to ran the business* There's $ Millions $ in it, bat nine ont of ten fail In it because they do not know the secret of Success with L^^'ioVet The Money in Hens. Do you know how to get it ? Our New Poultry Book will tell you how. It tells you all about poultry and explains why some (a few) succeed and others (the many) fail. This invaluable Book given Free as pre- mium with our Farm and Poultry paper WAYSIDE GLEANINGS. 3 months for 10 cents. Address P B. WAY8IUE PUBL18U1NU CO., CUntonvUle Conn. tt FREE. Those who contemplate starting in the bee-keeping line should correspond with The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO. of Jamestown, NY. We have had written, by a noted authority on apicultural matters, W. Z. Hutchinson, a treatise on "Successful Bee-keep- ing." Send yournameand address, and a two- cent stamp to pay postage, and we will send you a copy of this valuable little pamphlet free of charge. Anything you may desire to know regarding the best hives and fittings to procure, we will be glad to aid you in. W. M. Gerrish, East Nottingham, N. H., keeps a complete supply of our goods, and eastern customers will save freight by ordering of him. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. CLUBBING LIST. We will send The American Bee-keeper with the — PRICE BOTH American Bee Journal $1 00 $1 35 Bee-keepers' Review 1 00 1 H5 Canadian Bee Journal 1 00 1 35 Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 00 1 35 American Queen 50 60 Modem Culture 1 00 1 00 BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long experience, should have at least one good text book upon the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee-keeping. In ordering by mail be sure to add the amount of postage named : Postage Price, extra. A B C of Bee Culture (A.I. Root) , cloth f 1 00 20c. Bee-keepers' Guide (Prof. A. J. Cook) 1 00 15c. Langstroth on Honey Bee, rev. (Dadant) 1 10 15c. Quinby's New Bee-keeping (Quinby) . . 1 40 10c. Thirty Years Among Bees (Alley) 48 2c. How to Manage Bees (Vandruff) 25 5c Amateur Bee-keeper (Rouse) 20 5c. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Jamestown, N.Y. Patent Wired Comb Foundation has no Sag in Brood Frames. Thin Flat Bottom Foundation has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey. Being the cleanest is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made. The talk about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish a Wired Foun- dation that is BETTEB, CHEAPER and not half the trouble to use that it is to wire brood frames. Circulars and samples free. J. VAN DEUSEN &. SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Montgomery County, Sprout Brook, N.Y. Please mention American Bee-keeper. Send for Sample of the Tippecanoe Farmer Published Semi-monthly. 25c, per year only. The best farm paper for the money ever published. The Tippecanoe Farmer Co., La Fayette, Ind. 2tf The BROTHERHOOD of AMERICAN YEOMEN. This fraternal insurance association, organized in 1897, at Des Moines, Iowa, has already reached a membership of 15,000, with an accumulated re- serve, loaned on real estate mortgages, to the amount of $2.5,000. It pays accident and old age disability, and had but seven assessments in 1899. Write to G. M. Read, Chief Correspondent. 2tf Des Moines, Iowa. HELLO! Do you want some good pure bred POULTRY? We can furnish you ECCS FOR HATCH- ING from fine White Wonder fowls, R. C. B^eg- homs, B. p. Rocks, Partridge Cochins; S. Li0INTBRS Office. 5tf oOti West Main Street, Ionia, Mich. The very best bee-keepers in the United States as well as in other countries, get their Supplies from The W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Company, of Jamestown, N.Y. They have good reasons for doing so; you should do likewise. Our Sections l^Falcon brand) have not yet been equaled. Send for catalogue. ►*• •*« •»• I ., as Sijcoiid-.lass lU.ilti r. Incubator Free on trial. The HEW C. YON CULIN INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every liatchable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y. Another big Offer! As I have expljiined in previous advertise- ments, tlie jiublisher ot a goofl journal can afford to make liberal offers for the sake oT getting his journal into new bands. 1 liav ■ in the past made several such offers, hut here is one that I consider especially liber- al. If you are not a subscriber to the Bee-keepers' lieVieW, send me $1.30 and 1 will have your subscription to The American Bee-keepek renewed for ore year, send you 12 back numbers of THE REVFEA', and then THE REVIEWforall of 1900. Remember two things : You must be a NKW subscriber to THE RE- VIEW, and tlie order must be sent to W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. /s- HOW TO MAKE MONEY With POULTRY & PIGEONS. 36 pa;^o book ou care, nmriatcmcnt, Ituilding and o'hLT ^ plans, reo'ipts and other valuable inf.irmaliuu. XlaU- ^t ed for a 2 ct- stamp. H. H. Fuick, Keicks, I'a. tf S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railway, Perriuo Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. i2tf If, K. K, BINGHAM has made all the im- provements ill ^ ^Bee Smokers and ^ Honey Knives made in the hist 30 years, undoubtedly he makes the best on earth. Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail $1 M 3^ inch l.ia Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1 no 2M inch '.H) T.F.Bingham, ??"f w •;,••■ o-'- ;'• _ ..^_. . ' Little Wonder, 2 in. .bj Farwell, Mich. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. $1.00 a year. Address, CONNECTICUT FARMER, Rememberj MAJOR'S RUBBER CEMENTJ MAJOR'S LE.^THER CEMENTi MK. .1. H. HALL, ONTARIO. (See pages 205-209). Vol. X NOVEMBER, 1900 No. 11 THE OCTOBER BEE-KEEPER. Emphasizing the Good Things in the Last Number. BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. LEGS CUT OFF WITH A SAW. NOW, don't think some great cat- astrophe has happened to some poor, unfortunate human being, or that even one of our pet queen bees had her legs amputated when her owner was trying to clip her wings, for nothing of the kind has happened. No. no! The kind of leg cutting which we are about to emphasize is something which will please everybody who tries it. Did the reader notice, on page 184, how friend Greiner cuts off the "legs'" or brace-combs from the separator with a thin-bladed compass saw? If not, go right back to that page and read the matter over again till it is thoroughly stamped in the memory. It seerae so very funny that so many little things slip by us writers for years, we think- ing that everybody must know of these little "tricks of the trade," and so do not speak about them. Almost ever since I can remember I have been in the habit of setting the tilled supers up on end so turned that the sun could shine in between the sections, so as to tell me what proportion of the sections was completed at the bottom, and to see if any of the combs were attached to the separators; but never thought of speak- ing of the matter till I saw it in print (I think in TJie Review) a short time ago. I then saw that I could have told long, long years ago what might have been of help to the fraternity, but had not thought to do so. Then, like Brother Greiner, I was not pleased witli the way the knife had of crowding the brace- combs into the honey while detaching them from the separators, so conceived the idea of taking an old long-bladed, very thin bread-knife, and hurriedly passing it over a coarse rasp, thus giv- ing it what is called a very coarse sickle edge which, if made coarse enough, amounts to the same thing as a saw. The bread-knife has the advantage over the saw, in its being very much thinner. But 1 had never thought to say a word about this way of fixing a knife. Thanks, Bro. Gi'einer, for calling attention to the matter of these brace-combs a sec- ond time and of being the first to tell about the saw for removing "legs" of comb. NONE BUT AN EXPERT. But there is an item on page. 184 that 1 wish to emphasize the other way from what Bro. Greiner puts it. He says, "I find it impracticable to impart my ideas about this matter (grading honey) to anyone not an expert."' Here is son?e- thing I cannot understand. Will Bro. Greiner please tell us how any one is to become! an expert at grading honey if nobody will ever tell him of such things because he is a novice, or inexpiuMenced. as Greiner .puts it? I do not think it THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER November best to "cast poarls before swine," in trying to teach an imbecile how to grade honey, but I do think I have a duty to perform by giving my very best en- deavors toward teaching every bright boy or girl how to become experts at grading honey or grading anything else in the right way, which I have reason to believe I am right about myself. And why? So that these girls and boys may grow up in a way to be of more benefit in the world than I have been, and that thus, by every succeeding generation, this world may be lifted up and up to a higher plain — a plain nearer God. Just set up two or three sections of each of the different grades you wish to sort your honey into, friend Greiner. and tell those inexperienced pei'sons, who are fairly adapted to do things in the world, to sort the honey as you have given them pattern, and see how quickly they will "catch on." Use a little pa- tience and stay by them a little time till they succeed, and then go away by yourself and see what a joy will come, because you have not only helped your- self, but iielped somebody else also, and put them in a way of securing a living for themselves. The masses do not want charity from those who have be- come experts at getting and ke(>ping the good things of this world, but they want justice, through their having a chance equal to their ability to com- ')rehend and use the things which are ■'heirs by right. But I must not dwell longer on friend Greiner's article, though there are several other points I would like to touch upon. STKADY, BR0TIIP:K EDITOK. 1 have read that "Clipping Queens'" article over and over again, and the •:nore I read it the more I wonder if Doo- little could ever become that calm that he could clip Hro. E. R. Root's $200 queen t)ie way he advocates. I have clipped thousands of que(Mis, but I never yet attempted to clip a very valuable queen but what a sort of shaking pro- cess comes over ine. in a nervous anx- iety not to harm the queen. I iiave said over and over again that I would not get nervous when thinking of clip- ping valuable queens; but the matter always turned out in the same way it did when I declared "I would not shake" when I had the fever and ague, for 1 just simply had to shake whether I would or no. So I say "steady" in this, matter, for all are not like the writer of that article; no, nor even like the seven- year-old boy, so nicely pictured for us. Then I wondered what the writer of the article, say nothing about th."^ boy, would do when trying to clip a black queen (remember Bro. Greiner keeps and advocates black bees) or a poor grade of hybrid, which was contin- ually on a "dead run" trying to get on the other, or dark side of the comb. The only way I could ever "engage th(; tip of the wing" of such a queen was to "lay hold" of her very much as a shep- herd lays hold of an unruly sheep which is trying to evade his grasp. But I do advocate the sharp knife plan in prefer- ence to any other, after trying every- tliing which has been recommended. FILLED COMBS IN THE CENTEH OF THE HIVE FOR WINTERING. There are several things in S. Fred. Haxton's article, page 187, which 1 would like to notice, but time and space forbid noticing more than one; and that one reads, "The bet filled combs, which are usually next the walls of the hive, should be shifted to the center, as the bees cluster there during the winter." I would like to ask all of the readers of The Bee-keeper who find this asser- tion about clust<'ring true, to hold up their hands. It is true where the most empty comb is in the center; or. in other words, the he(^s will establish their winter cluster wiiere there is the most empty comb, or where the last brood emerged from, no matter whether that empty coirib be in the center or at one side of the iiives, as is frequently the cast! with small colonies. And this is invariably the case where combs have 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER :203 been manipulated as friend Haxton pro- poses, provided that said manipulation is done early enoiig:h in the season so the bees can establisli their cluster to their Mixing. Therefore, after the manipulation he proposes, the cluster of bees will not be in the center of the hive, as his article carries the idea, but at one side or the other, so the bees must move over on to the full combs after his manipulation, just the same as they would had they not been disturbed. But this fact does not prove that his ideas are wrong regarding the way he Hxes his comb for winter, for they are not. To my mind, after thirty years of experience, the "starvation in winter with plenty of honey in the hive," does not come with the inability of the bees to move to adjacent combs (provided sticks are laid over* the frames where the covering rests on the top of the frames), but through eating their way toward one side of the hive till the stores on that side are all exhausted during some cold spell, when they cannot move en masse over to the opposite side of the hive, where there are stores. This b iing the case, Mr. Haxton's plan of arrang- ing the combs prevents their starving till all the honey in the hive is used up. But the better plan is (and the one I have adopted for years) to place all of the empty and partly empty combs at one side of the hive, and from those to those entirely full at the other, and in this way the bees are moving toward the fullest combs all the while. How- ever, if the hive contains twenty-five or more pounds of stores on the first day of October, in this locality, as it should, there is no danger of the bees starving before they can carry their honey where they wish it in spring, from any part of the hive to the cluster, so that, of late years, I very rarely touch any comb in any good colony having plenty of stores in the fall of the year. A LIFE OF LIBERT V. Here I am again with my space all used up and much more in the October number, which I had marked wheu reading, not touched upon at all; but 1 cannot close without calling the reader's attention to the good things in the first part of Bro. Teflffs article. Read it over again, you who sometimes think of leaving bee-keeping and going into some- thing else, that you may get riches. What do riches amount to, anyway? Many a man or woman would give their millions for a comfortable living, a liv- ing with the liberty Bro. Tefft speaks of, if they could only get away from the environments these millions have thrown around them. It may be that I feel thus because, as Bro. Teflft says, "it is highly improbable that I could have been able to amass a fortune, anyway." But be this as it may, a life of liberty in the open air with the bees, seems sweeter to me than all the gold of Ophir. Borodino, N.Y., Oct. 30, 1900. SENDING EGGS BY MAIL. Extensive Experiments Demonstrate its Practicability — An Article of Especial Interest to Queen-breeders. BY "SVVAKTHMORE." HAVE been so up to my eyes in ex- periments the past summer that I have had little time for any- thing but bees. My attention has been mainly directed toward queen-rearing, and I have much in that line to tell you. First among the new things, I place the advantage of "Eggs by Mail," for queen-breeders. 1 have in my yard a large number of fine, young, mated queens, reared from eggs sent to me by post, from all over the country. Early in the season I began writing cards to all the distant queen-breeders throughout the land, about as follows, viz.: •■What will you charge me for four s(|uare inches of fresh-laid eggs in dry comb, from your finest breeding queen, packed in box and sent by mail — no bees '? " Prices ranged from 2.5c. per square inch down to 25c. per four square ri04 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER November inches. I am not prepared to state just now what I sliould consider a fair rate to pay for "Eggs by Mail." I at once began to receive batches of kk : — If you will decide the following (juestion \ ()u will confer a favoi-: First, I would like the readers of your journal to know that I am an amateur in bee-keeping — the season of 19 00 being my first. About the 20th of June last I lost two swarms of Italian bees in one day which, so far as I have been able to find, nuule an almost direct l^ee-line for McKay's. some thr(^e miles distant, across the St. Croix river, into the United States. Some two weeks previous to this time I had sold to Mr. McKay two first swarms: and upon passing liis place a few days after I had lost the swarms. I called to get the empty hives from which the said swarms werc^ transferred when delivered. Upon going to his yard, I was surprised to see a few Italian bees '•obbing, or removing honey from one of the hives. I watched them until I was satisfied that ihey were coming from the woods, some few hundred yards distant, when I picked up the invaded hives and car- ried them to his barn, which is about twenty-five yard.s from their stands. In a few minutes there was not a bee to be seen. I got into my carriage, and in turning my hor^e around was again surprised to see a swarm — yes, I should say two or three swarms: the air was black with them — coming up the gar- den, and making direct for the hives I was to take. In a few minutes they were all in. or all that could get in, for the swarm was so large the hive would not hold them. I put the hive back on its old stand. In ten days" time this hive sent out a large swarm. Did that swarm have two queens, or did they raise one in that time ? There are no Italian bees within twenty miles of this plac(^ but mine. I imported fiv(^ hives last spring. There is no doubt that the swarm evaded the customs and Uncle Sam received no duty. It would be a good thing for the Chinamen if they might as easily do so. Now, Mr. Editor, it is for you to de- cide who owns the bees and who pays the duty. I would like to know and ask vou to decide. R. L. Todd. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 207 [It is not improbable that our cor- respondent's surmise in regard to two quc^ens liaving entered the liive togetlier is correct. That they rented a queen in ten days is out of tlie question. That is, if we are to understand that the hive contained no brood at the time of entering it, wliich we presume was the case. Our correspondent has answered his own question in regard to tlie duty. As to wlio owns tlie bees, it will doubt- less depend largely upon whether the matter is to be considered from a legal or moral standpoint. The latter is de- cidedly to be chosen in preference to the former: and if Messrs. Todd and McKay are inclined to come together on tills ground, attendant condition will render tiie matter easily adjusted. If, as our correspondent says, there are no Italians within twenty miles of their location, it is very probable that the swarms issued from the hives of either one or the other of the parties directly interested. An inspection of the colonies in each yard at the time would have de- cided the matter. If the evidence is in favor of Mr. Todd"s ownership, he should have his bees; thougli there is little to encourage the thought that they might be recovered by law, and their extradition would, most likely, be at- tended with some difficulty. Better get together, talk it over, remember the golden rule, and decide the matter among yourselves, and not rely upon the decision of " a committee of one" two thousand miles away. Evidence is too meager.] — Editor. MOVING BEES. Their Preparation for Long Hauls and the Winter Repository. Setting Out in the Spring, etc. — Details of the Method Practiced by a Successful Operator. BV F. GHEINKH. FOR many years in the past it has been our custom every spring to take a part of our bees to other pasture fields and then in the fall, or at the approach of winter, to move them back home. My object in bringing them back in the fall has been that I might winter them in my bee-cellar. This I considered less expensive than to winter on the summer stands, making I it necessary to provide winter cases and packing. Moving many colonies back and forth. I have never had serious mishaps — at least never the loss of a colony or any broken combs to lament. I have had hives leak bees occasionally, but 1 have learned to avoid this. It may be of benefit to some of the readers of The American Bee-keeper to know- just how we managed, so I will tell briefly our modus operandi. To begin with, I select only such colonies as are in a prosperous condi- tion, but reject over-populous colonies. I desire to have all the colonies of an out-yard as near as possible of uniform strength; leaving the strongest at home prevents undesirable May-swarms and their loss. The majority of my bees are on the old style hanging or swinging frame without spacers. I generally make all frames of this kind stable by pushing little short sticks of about half the length of the end-bars of frames and of proper width and thickness in between the frames. Often I flo this only at one end of frames, which is sufficient in most cases. I formerly used these sticks of full length of the end-bars of frames, but soon found that shorter sticks answered as well and were easier to adjust and remove. Hives that had their frames not disturbed during the honey season can later be moved on spring-wagons without any further pre- cautions; brace-combs holding the frames securely from swinging. All hives with fixed frames are, of course, always ready on short notice, which feature makes such a hive of especial value to those who do much moving. Having made the frames secure, the next thing is to arrange for proper ventilation. When there is no brood in the hives as, for instance, in the late fall, a wire-screen over the entrance provides all the ventilation needed ; but in the spring, when the bees are much more active, a screen over the whole top 208 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Novcmlter of the hive will be necessary. I have quite a quantity of such screens on hand and ready for use. Each consists of a frame the size of the hive and made out of strips of lumber one inch square. Regular wire-screen is nailed over it. These frames are secured to the hive each by two wire-nails, which are not quite driven home, but left sticking out far enough so they may be drawn easily by a claw-hammer. My hives all have loose bottom-boards, ft is most essential to have them fasten- ed solidly. The VanDusen hive-clamp, which I use, is not suiificient unless each bottom-board is provided with dowel-pins, one on each side. A small wire nail, driven from the under side through the bottom-board and entering the lower edge of the hive by about three-eighths of an inch, is sufficient. When drawn down by the clamp the hive cannot shift back or forth on its bottom-board. We now have our hives in shape to load. The next thing for consideration is the wagon. Bees and honey should always be moved on springs; for heavy loads an ordinary lumber-wagon with a good set of springs, is all right. For long distance moves I would load as aiany colonies upon a wagon as could !ie carried on it with safety. This would necessitate building a suitable rack. I do all my moving with a one- horse wagon and I do not tier up my hives. Eighteen colonies will make a good load for horse and wagon. I have i)uilt a long, low wagon-box and fitted on a light, simple rack whereon I place ihe eighteen colonies without difficulty. The hive cov<>rs and othiu- fixtures may be placed in the box under the hives when it is advisable not to leave them on the hives. Selecting cool days, bees may be moved in day-time just as well as at night; but during hot weather. as. for instanee, when taking bees into ouckwheat pasture, I prefer a moonlight 'light, and I aim to get the be(^s onto their new stands by the time they would otherwise be ready to commence their day's labor. While discussing the subject of mov- ing bees, putting them into winter re- positories or cellars, would also be a proper one for consideration at this time. In order to have this job go off pleas- antly, I prefer leaving on the bottom- boards and closing up the entrances while moving to the cellar.' I rather prefer leaving the bottom-boards on all winter, but place a two-inch rim, the exact size of the hive, under each brood- chamber. I do this several weeks be- fore it is time to cellar the bees. These rims answer another purpose: When moving bees during hot weather, I fasten one of them with the screen- board, as mentioned before, on top of each hive, giving the bees a chance to cluster in the space thus formed. To reduce the size of the entrance, in particular during spring, I use a strip of pine lumber one inch square. It is exactly as long as the entrance and when turned a quarter way and pushed against the hive tight, closes it up and prevents any bees from escaping. These blocks need no fastening, for we handle the hives carefully. When the time has arrived to take the bees to the cellar, which is about the last week in Novem- ber, I hitch myself to my spring wheel- barrow. This is covered four or six fold with an old, clean, wollen horse blanket, which acts as a spring itself and lessens any jar occurring from placing the hives thereon. Two colon- iesare loaded on at a time and wheeled up to the cellar door, or right into the cellar, if same is nearly on a level with the ground. It is pretty hard work for one man to carry a large number of hives into the cellar alone; but I found it very difficult to procure suitable help for such work. Peoph' not familiar with the nature of bees do this work not to my liUing. Tin- wiiacking. knocking. shunming and banging 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 309 around hives raw hands indnlgo In, has so completely disgusted me that I have done all such work myself alone for years. The main point to bo watched is, to set the hives down ivithout a jar. This is not always so easy especially when tiering up four high and placing the three and four hives in position, but I accomplish it by pushing a little plat- form or a box of the right lieiglit against a stack of two hives. Upon this I step with the next hive, holding it against myself. I am then in a favorable posi- tion to place the third liive upon tlie second or the fourth upon tlie third. After all the bees are in, I give them half an hour's time to become quiet, when I go in and remove the entrance blocks and close up the cellar. It should be neither too warm nor too cold when taking bees to cellars. A temperature as near the freezing point as possible is good. Sometimes sharp freezes occur before we take in our bees and during such the hives are apt to freeze to tlie stands. It would not be advi.-able to pry them apart when frozen together solidly; to wait for a thaw, we would many a time miss the best oppor- tunity. To avoid this freezing down as much as possible, I go over the yard some time previous when the hives are not frozen and prop them up with nails or little wooden wedges. They are then in sliape to go in any time when the other conditions arc right. Hives sliould also be dry wIkui taken into th(! cellar; although I have once moved them in when tiiey wiire thickly covered with snow and I could use a hand-sled to move them on. They win- tered fairly well that winter, too. The taking our bees out of tlie cellar is practically the same as taking them in; but I do not find it necessary to close the entrances. For several rea- sons I prefer the night for this work, and I take all colonies out at one time. I generally place each hive upon the same stand it had occupied the season before, but do not think that this is strictly necessary. 1 very seldom take iny bees out of the cellar before pollen may h(» had from the elm. I have something nu)re to say about moving into buckwheat, but will wait till tliis would be more seasonable. Naples, N. Y., Sept. 39, 1900. A GRACEFUL ACT, WELL DESERVED. THAT our younger readers may more fully appreciate the picture which graces this number of The JiEE-KEp:PER, we have pleasure in re- producing a few paragraphs from the Canadian Bee-JoumaVs report of the meeting of the Ontario Bee-keepers' .Association, held at Toronto, in Decem- ber last. Mr. McKnight's motion was evidentlv a spontaneous outgrowth of that same sense of obligation and high esteem to which every man is subject who has been intimately associated wMth the gentleman whom he sought to honor. It is a sense of obligation and esteem which, as we know by actual ex- perience, constantly increases by long and very intimate association. Mr. McKnight : There is a little mat- ter which I would like to bring up. We have a gentleman with us during this convention who is here only by the so- licitation of a great many members. This Association has been a great suc- cess right from the first until now, and that is something creditable. There have been men who have done more than Mr. J. B. Hall has for this Association in a purely business way; but I want to tell you there is not a man belonging to this Association now, or ever did belong, who has made its meetings so interest- ing and practical as our friend Hall. (Applause). He has been the life and soul of our Association meetings for the last nineteen years. Like myself, the world is largely behind him; lie has not iiia.ny years to be here, and I think it would be a graceful thing to do anything in our power to show our appreciation of the value of his services. Altliough h(; does, not say very mucli outside of this Association, Mr. J. B. Hall is known all over the continent of America. I 310 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER November would like to move that this Association make J. B. Hall a life member— that is all. (Loud applause). I would like, if it were in my power, to confer some higher honor upon him, but I know he does not want it; and I am not sure whether he would appreciate even this: hut I know it is our duty to show Mr. Kail some mark of the appreciatiini of the valuable services he has rendered to the bee-keeoing interests of this province. I hope this will not be made a precedent: it would be very little honor if all the old men were associated with him; I would like to see Mr. J. B. liall the one and only life member of this Association during my life-time. Mr. Brown: I have very much pleas- ure in seconding Mr. McKnighVs motion. I can endorse every word he has said with reference to Mr. Hall. The motion was carried by a rising vote, and the singing of '"He's a Jolly Good Fellow,'" after which Mr. Hall briefly and suitably replied. PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Editok. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies 85 cts. ; :! copies, *1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the" postal union, and 21) cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, '.) words; $2 00 per inch. t<'ive per cent, discount for two insertions: seven iijrcent. for three insertions; 10 per cent. f;r six insertions: twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Adveiiisements must be received on or before the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. C^'Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The American Bee-keepek, Falconer, N.Y. I#* Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, maybe addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. l*^ Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. tde~ A. red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the •oatter your early attention. We are sending the premiums this month to "Swarthmore," Greiner, Jameson and Stephenson. It is said that bee-keepers and honey-producf on in Ireland ar.- in- creasing at the rate of thirty per cent, a year. The Bee-keepers' Guide is under- going so thorough a revision at the hands of its author. Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona College, Cal., that it is thought this popular work Avill enter upon the new cen- tury at the head of the list of stand- ard books for bee-keepers. Mr. E. R. Root has for some time past been busily engaged in tho- roughly revising every part, not re- written last year, of the ABC of Bee Culture. The 1899 edition of the "A B C" was very full and complete; but it appears that the new edition is to be a marvel of completeness. General Manager Eugene Secor, Forest City. la., of the National Bee-keepers' Association, is a can- didate for Congress. Bee-keepers would not pause to question the ticket matter, if they were permit- ted to cast their vote for this scholarly champion of bee-keepers' rights. Glean in f/n gives in its issue of September 15th, a nice picture of the o-ranite monument recently 190U THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 211 erected in memory of Rev. L. L. Langstroth, at Dayton, Ohio. The shaft was erected at a cost of $300, which amount was subscribed by admiring bee-keepers throughout the world. A Philadelphia correspondent says New York and Pennsylvania honey — -white clover, in square one- pound sections — is displayed in that city, quoted at ' 'twenty cents per comb." Buckwheat at sixteen cents. "But very few tall sections are in the Philadelphia market," says our correspondent. ''Editor JoUey" is an American authority on bee-keeping matters now quoted by the foreign press. This insinuation may be I'esponsible for the protracted silence of our es- teemed contributor of times past. If he will favor our columns with more of his interesting articles we will set the matter aright before the world. The Ausfralian Bee Bulletin says. • 'Paralysis is mostly a result of close breeding to get color." Its pres- ence in apiaries of black and hybrid stock, the breeding of which has been left entirely to the bees them- selves, as well as in apiaries having a score of different strains of Itali- ans and their black crosses, does not bear out this theory. The queen is the hub and spokes of the apicultural wheel. Contin- ued success without good queens Is impossible. Centered in her there is not only the question of ability to keep her colony up to the necessary standard of strength, but the whole responsibility for the numerous traits of character in- herent in her progeny, which de- cides the fate of the enterprise. The editor of Gleaniugti has un- dertaken the task of measuring the tongues of bees which may be sent to him for that purpose. This is done with a • view to ascertaining their variations in this respect. On September 1st he reported that the lengths varied from fifteen- hundredths of an ii.ch to twenty- hundredths. When Brother Root gets around to measure the tongues of the progeny of the $200 queen, which he recently discovered in his own apiary, it is anticipated that these figures will materially lengthen out. During the past summer a verit- able epidemic of Belgian hare fever swept over this country from ocean to ocean. It was thought that the bee and hare industries would form a harmonious combination which would enable us to retire much ear- lier in life than we would otherwise be able to do. At this writing it appears that the greater part of its victims are convalescent, and laying plans for the addition of more bees or a poultry yard as a more promising acquisition to their stock. Sixteen out of twenty-one colon- ies totally annihilated, over nine hundred pounds of honey devoured, and 376 combs destroyed, is the record of a little out-apiary belong- ing to the Southern Bee Company, near Ft. Pierce, during one week in October. The black bear under- took the management of this yard during the temporary absence of H. E. Hill, with the above results. This is the same apiary which the hurricane of 1899 handled to its liking for several days. .We have photographs of the ruins which will L.ppear in The Bee-keeper in due time. The Canadian Bee Journal gives its readers this bit of information : 212 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Nonemher ' 'To remove propolis from the hands rub well with lard, which loosens the propolis; wash off the lard with soap and water and the hands will be clean." Here is another "kink" from the same journal: "When the nozzle of your smoker becomes clogged and sticky with soot, squirt in with an oil can a few drops of kerosene oil and light with a match. In a few minutes the soot will be burned to a blister, when it can be I'eadily scraped off with a knife, and your smoker will be as good as new." Mr. H. G. Quirin, Parkertown, Ohio, suggests the following remedy for ants, where they trouble in the apiary: "One-half pint crude carbolic acid, half pint turpentine; mix with half bushel air-slacked lime; let it stand a day or two and scatter on the ant-hills, or where they may bother." This mixture may prove valuable where the ants are of the "ant-hill" variety and not scattered over the whole coun- try,, as in South Florida. In this locality it would be a waste of time and material to mix less than a thousand bushels of the preparation at a time, or to plaster less than a half-mile square cf the earth's surface with it. W. S. Hart, of Volusia County, Fla. , writes : ' 'Your predictions as to prices of honey seem destined to be fulfilled, judging by present quo- tations and the eager search for a market supply. If you still hold your crop you will probably profit by your foresight." Mr. Hart re- ports an increase of twenty-four colonies from his seventy-eight, and a crop of 6,250 pounds of honey, with every colony now in prime condition and a good .supply of win- ter stores. Our own apiaries have been run more for queens than for honey during the past season; hence the price of honey will not materi- allly affect our personal interests. Our thanks are due Mr. Adolph G. Horn, Dolgeville, N.Y., for a nice photo of a large swarm of bees, clustered on a tree in his apiary. The picture is rendered doubly in- teresting by the information that the swarm includes one of The Bee- keeper queens, of which he writes: "The queen received of you in May I put in a hive which I had divided a week before, using half of the brood-combs. I have taken forty- eight pounds of comb-honey from the hive, and on August 4th it cast this swarm. It is a big one, too." We shall prize the photo very much and are pleased to know that The Amerian Bee-keeper queens are giving such a good account of themselves. In the October number of The Bee-keeper, page 193, we spoke of the use of dry sulphur as a cure for paralysis, and noted the detri- mental effect of the practice upon the combs thus treated. Mr. O. O. Poppleton, the originator of the plan, advises us that he has now in operation a series of very thorough experiments by which it is sought to obviate this one objection to the use of sulphur. It appeal's that the bees only are sprinkled after having the brood-combs removed. Other new ideas were revealed also, which bid fair to be productive of much good in the handling of colonies dis- eased in this way, but it is too early to speak with assurance, Mr. Poppleton thinks. «t A great deal has been said re- cently in some of our exchanges iH^garding a new method of intro- ducing, by the use of a piece of per- forated cardboard over the candy 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 313 ill the cage. Some appear to think the removal of the cork resulted in a too early release of the queen. The new idea of using perforated cardboard instead of allowing the bees immediate access to the candy, was hailed by some as a great thing. At this writing numerous reports are coming in which show that fail- ure more often results through the use of the new plan than with the older method. It is a pity that facts in practice will continue to so persistently array themselves against beautiful theories. President Chantry, of the South Dakota Bee- beepers' Association, has devised a very convenient mail- ing and introducing cage: A piece l.^x3|- is cut from 5-16 stuff through which three one-inch holes are bored, and the sides covered with section -box material, nailed securely at its edges. One of the end holes is continued through the side-piece and covered on the outside with wire cloth. On the reverse side a knife is run obliquely lengthwise, from end to end through the piece of section inside of the row ofnaiis. I This releases 9, f strip through the center, which serves as a sliding i cover, and is simply pushed far ^ enough to expose the candy suf- ficiently to admit a bee, when intro- ducing. It works like a charm, as we know by experience in handling several of Mr. Chantry's choice queens during the past season. A local item from the New Smyr- na (Fla. ) correspondent in the Jacksonville Times- l^nion, of Oct. 12, 1900, notes the sudden death of Mr. JohnCraycraft, a former highly esteemed contributor to these col- umns, who dated his communica- tions during 1898 from Astor Park, Fla., where he and Mrs. Craycraft then lived. We are without infor- mation regarding this lamented friend farther than that he was the father of Mr. Fred. Craycraft of Havana, Cuba, a young bee-keeper for whom the Spaniards destroyed nearly a thousand colonies of bees during the late war, and to whom reference has frequently been made in The Bee-keeper in the past. The correspondent states that Mr. Cray- craft dropped dead while working over a hive of bees in his apiary at Hawks Park, Fla. We condole with the bereaved ones. FIRST CARNIOLANS IN CANADA. Mr. Jameson's article on the Car- niolan in this number, together with the splendid picture of Mr. J. B. Hall, suggest the reproduction from the Canadian Bee Journal, of a comment at the last meeting of the Ontario Association, by the latter gentleman, which has a bear- ing upon Mr. Jameson's subject. Mr. Hall said: "I am the first man that had Carniolan bees in Canada. I pur- chased a Carniolan queen. She was eighteen days in the mail-bag, and when I received her there were three live bees with her. We looked at her and came to the conclusion that she was not worth much; how- ever, we got her safely introduced and she lived about six weeks; but during that time we raised some queens from her. I have never had a better lot of bees than the daughters of those queens — never, for quantity and quality of honey. Of course, we kept them for a couple of years, and we thought we would like to have a change, and we re- ceived three importations after that; but they were not worth the powder to blow them away. I like Carniolan bees mixed with Italians. My bees are that mixture. Of course, you cannot control these young ladies. They go out visit- 314 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER November ing; and therefore, if I have any other blood, it is by accident, not from design. Well does the editor of The Bee-keeper remember the arrival of that "first Carniolan," and the early demise which followed. Also the tender care bestowed upon the first generation following this initial importation. We are there- fore much interest-^d in this account of the imported Carniolan's off- spring, coming, as it does, fifteen years later. here's a dollar for you. Peculiar and mysterious things sometimes occur in the experience of the observing bee-keeper. The following incident was recently told in our "sanctum" by a reputable neighbor who, besides having suc- cessfully kept bees himself, wag an associate of G. B. Jones and C. G. Ferris well known to the fraternity: Our neighbor had been taking off' section-honey and was brushing the few adhering bees from the sections in the honey-house, and allowing them to escape through an oj)en window. Attached to the ceiling of the room were strips of wood upon which surplus combs were sus- pended. These combs were all old, dry ones, and had been for weeks hanging in their place, overhead. Upon completion of the day's work the said bee-keeper observed a num- ber of bees clustered between the combs above, but paid no jmrticu- lar attention to the matter. Several days later, however, he noticed that the bees were still there; and accordingly instituted an investiga- tion. The result was that he found a queen-cell containing an egg. A miniature colony of bees ap- appeared to have established itself among the combs. What was the cause of the bees taking up their abode such a short distance from their own hive? Where did the egg come from? Another peculiar occurrence is related by Dr. Miller, in Gleardngi^. This i** what the Doctor says of it: "Some new freak is always com- ing up among the bees. Lately I took a comb out of a nucleus, and found it regularly supplied with eggs except a cluster of cells at one end, each containing five to ten eggs. 'Laying workers,' thought I. But all were worker cells; and directly I spied a fine-looking queen. A few days later it was the same thing." What was the probable cause of this action upon the part of the queen? What treatment should be administered to overcome this waste of eggs and brood? There are several hundreds of amateur bee-keepers on our list who will not receive this number in a red wrapper. The one of these who first mails to the editor of The American Bee-keeper a reply to all four of the above questions, and answers them all correctly, according to the judgment of the editor, will receive in return One Dollar ($1.00). BRIGHT YELLOW BEESWAX. Some months since, an exchange observed editorially that the secret of getting wax of a bright yellow color was to allow it to cool slowly. The Bee-keeper for September (page 171) noted the item, and sug- gested that blank space, in a jour- nal which pretended to instruct its readers in practical apiculture, would be preferable to such an er- roneous statement. It appears that our comment, as seen by the Amer- ican Bee Journal J is somewhat am- biguous, and we are requested by our contemporary to rise and explain. After quoting our remarks the Journal inquires: 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 215 Now, will Editor Hill please tell us why? Is it that the information is of so little value that it is a waste of space, or because there is no bee-keeper who does not already know it? Yes, we will try to tell why; though at a loss to understand why such a I'equest should be made by •'the oldest bee-paper in America." After a body of wax has been melted and permitted to remain at a high temperature for a sufficient length of time to allow the coarser particles of foreign matter to set- tle to the bottom, its color cannot be perceptibly affected by the length of time occupied in the pro- cess of cooling. If the wax is the procuct of new comb — comb in which brood has not been reared or otherwise discolored — it will appear more nearly white than yellow; and whether the cooling process occupies fifteen days or fifteen min- utes, it will not be "bright yellow." Wax, such as ordinarily accumu- lates in the apiary — scrapings from top-bars, odd bits of comb, burr- combs, hatched queen-cells, etc., if rendered in a cleanly way, usually yields bright, yellow product. When it has been melted a suffic- iently long time for the particles to settle, it may be set out in a snow storm, or into the refrigirator, and it will still be the some "bright yellow wax" that would result from a slower process of cooling. Wax of a bright yellow color sometimes results in rendering combs that are black with age; but more frequently a product is obtained which ap- proaches brown rather than yellow. The exact cause of this variation in color is yet an open question. When the darker or stained wax comes from the extractor it might be placed in a room the tempera- ture of which could be so controlled that it would not conceal within a week, yet it would not be "bright yellow." The acid treatment must be resorted to to produce this de- sirable color. In brief, "cooling slowly" has nothing to do with the "secret." The beginning of con- gealation is the end of the purifying process; if, perchance, that has not already been reached, as a result of the liquid state having been con- tinued a sufficiently long time for matter of greater or less specific gravity to have separated itself from the body of the wax. No, we did not think that all bee-keepers knew that cooling slowly would produce bright yellow wax. We thought they knew better. LITERARY NOTES. THE WAV TO WIN STRKNGTH. Tiie Romans won their eonpire by attacking their enemies one by one. Besides this, tliey did not at- tack a new enemy until they had conquered the old enemy. They went farther still and, like the English in conquering India, used their late ene- mies as weapons against their new enemies : and this is what we sliould do in learning and practicing games and athletics. It is of little use to try to conquer the whole empire at once. First conquer a part and make it your own. Then pro- ceed to a second part and conquer that; and, if you can, let the parts which you have already con- quered help you to conquer fresh parts. — Eustace H. Miles, in the Saturday Evening Post. KTTCHKN WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Four teaspoonfuls of liquid make one table- spoonful. Four tablespoonfuls of liquid, one gill or a quarter of a cup. A tablespoonful of liquid, half an ounce. A pint of liquid weighs a pound. A quart of sifted flour, one pound. Four kitchen cupfuls of flour, one pound. Three kitchen cupfuls of eornmeal, one pound. One cup of butter, half a pound. A solid pint of chopped meat, one pound. Ten eggs, one pound. A dash of pepper, an eighth of a teaspoonful. A pint of brown sugar, thirteen ounces. Two cupfuls and a half of powdered sugar, one pound. — November Ladies' Home Journal. THE YOUTH'S COMPANION CALENDAR. More thought and expense than ever before have been lavished on the Calendar which the 216 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Nuiiemhcr publishers of The Youth's Companion will present to every one subscribing for the new volume for 1901, since it is to be a souvenir ot the paper's Toth year. It is au exceptionally attractive Calendar, and has been designed and lithographed for The Companion exclusively. The central figure of the Calendar is an ideal portrait of a Puritan maiden of Plymoutl), and the twelve colors in which the Calendar is lithographed reproduce the delicate c!oloring of the artist's original painting with perfect fidelity. After the usefulness of the Calendar is past, the Ijortrait of Priscilla can be cut out and framed and preserved as a beautiful household ornament. This Calendar, which is sold to non-subscribers to The Youth's Companion for 50 cents, will be given to all new subscribers for IflOl, who will also receive, in addition to the fifty-two issues of the uew volume, all the issues of the paper for the re- maining weeks ot ISIOO free from the time of sub- scription. Illustrated announcement of the volume for I'.lOl will be sent free with sample copies of the paper to any address. The Youth's Companion, Boston, Mass. PROGRESS— THE LAW OP MODERN CULTURE. Once cauglit on the wave of progress, its attrac- tion is as irresistible as the force of gravitation. Modern Culture makes another new departure with the November number in the introduction of original verse. Nothing could be daintier or timelier than "Carmen Cordis," by Alice E. Hanscom, or "Indian Summer," by Edmond Vance Oooke, two Cleveland poets, who are achieving distinction in the difficult field of verse. Another attraction in the magazine is an unpublished poem by Francis Scott Keye, the author of "The Star- spangled Banner," "Recollections" of whom are contributed by his granddaughter, Anna Key Bartow "The Camera in Science, Art and Pas- time" is the inviting title of an article by Juan C. Abel, editor of The Photographic Times. "A School for Lovers" is the first installment of a clever story by Ellen Gluey Kirk, the gifted author of "The Story of Margaret Kent." Two hand- somely illustrated articles are "Three Masters in Art — Innes, Martin and Vedder," by N. Hudson Moore and "Some Phases of the American Drama" by Leon Mead. "The Austro-Interspraehen War" is well described by Edwin L. Maxey, D. C. L. "The Lawyer and the Corporation" is the theme of a thoughtful paper by Boyd Winchester, L.L.D. -Uninteresting account of "The American (Jordon," Frederick Townsend Ward, is given by Thomas It. Dawley, Jr.; and the "History of American Car- icature" is told by Ingram A. Pyle. On the whole, this number of Modern Culture is the brightest, most attractive, most thoroughly American mag- azine the publishers have yet given us. Honey and Beeswax Market. Below we give the latest and most authentic re- P''irt of the Honey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: WASHINGTON GRADING RULES. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, of even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb iinsoiled by travel stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed e.v- cept the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be "Fancy white." "No. 1, dark," etc. New York, Oct. 17, 1900.— The demand for honey in all grades is good while the receipts continue light, at the following prices: Fancy white comb, 1.^ @ 16c.; No. 1 white comb, 14 (a loc; buckwheat comb, 10 @ lie; white extracted. 7c.; buckwheat extracted, b]4c.; beeswax, 28c. Francis H. Leggett & Co. Chicago, Oct. 17. — There is a fair demand and the stocks are moderate. Fancy white is scarce and the sup])ly of extracted white is short. Prices are, fancy white comb, lo @ lUc, and off grades i:Uo 14c.; light amber, 11® 12c.; dark 9 @ lOc. Extracted, white. 7J^ («) Mc; amber, 7@ 7Wc.; dark (! @ G]/ic. Beeswax is in good request with a very light supply at present. K. A. Burnett & Co. Boston, Oct. 2^^. — Our honey market continues strong with light receipts. Fancy 1-lb. cartons. 17c.; A No. 1, 15 @ llic; No. 1, 15c.; No. 2, 12@13c. Extracted, 'i}4 @ H\i according to quality. Bees- wax steady at 25 (d 27c. We believe these prices will he maintained throughout the season. Blake, Scott & Lee. Buffalo. Oct. K!. — While the demand for honey is excellent — the best for years— the supply likewise is the lightest known for many seasons. Price of fancy comb, 18c. per lb.; extracted, (i («) 7c. Pure beeswa.x is always in good demand, and supply usually light. Prices, pure, 28 (.c S2c. Buffalo now wants honey; all grades will sell, but fancy mostly wanted. Dark etc., ranges from 14 to 8 and lOc. Batterson & Co. Modern Culture ($1.00 a year) with The American Bee-keeper, .1^1.00 a year. Could You Oblige Us? If any of our readers know of bee- ketrpers in their county or neighborhood who do not subscribe for Thk Amkrican liEK-KEEi'KR, tliev Will coufer a great favor by sending us a list of such names, so that we may forward sample copies. BEES STING A DOG TO DEATH. An English s-etter dog gave battle to a swarm of bees at Shenandoah, Pa., re- cently, and in a short time was blinded and unable to run. The bees were so enraged that when a number of people tried to rescue the dog they were badly stung. The dog fought until he was dead. Then the bees returned to their hives, in Joseph Zuern's yard, close to | the scene of the tight. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 217 Are you interested in the South? The Tri-State Farmer and Gardener, published in Chattanooga, Tenn,, is the leading exponent of Southern farm interests. It is edited by the best and most practical farm writers in the South. Subscription price is 50 cents a year. To anyone sending us 25 cents and mentioning this paper, we will send our paper for one year. Sample copy sent upon application. Address: Tri-State Farmer & Gardener, i!-(>t Chattanooga, Tenn Bee-keepers who also raise Poultry should not fail to read the Practical Poultryman. It is thoroughly reliable, al- ways interesting and practi- cal, and each issue is worth a year's subscription. Sample copy for the asking. Advertising in it pays, be- cause it reaches buyers. PRINTING FOR FANCIERS our specialty. Everybody suited with our work and pleased with our low prices. Samples and price list free. Address, Practical Poultryman, ii-6t Whitney Point, N.Y. NEVER NEGLECT A GOLD OR COUGH N<"„'le<-L a Cold or Couirh and if La (irippe don't iret you. Consumption will- CU.«*HI»IA1V'S I9iHAr.£R cures colds and all diseases of the breath- way p;is<;iges. You losedolln • s in doc- tor hills in not keeping CVSEIWAN'S INII.4I.,F.R hnndy to drive off a cold or coiish or nore throat at Its very first approach. If ynii onn't ii'l it at l>rnsi;lsls sf ml for It." By m^iil, .'ill ccnis. Send for Kuiit; nii illfntlinl, free. 'JtSH.IIA.N IIKUGCO., Vl.NTKX.NKS, INU., U. S. A. tf 00 YOUR HENS PAY? This woman understands her business, 10 Dozen Eggs at 36c. per dozen from 180 hens in one day. That Egg Basket tells the story. Ten Duzeu at C.Ce. per doz. .n one da.\ f oi m 180 hens Our New Book "Helps for PoiiKry Keepers" tells how, explains why so many fail and so few succeed. A Book we can commend with a good conscience as a GREAT HELP to all Poultry Keepers young or old. Describes 60 varieties of fowls, well illustrated, and contains a Poultry Keepers Account showing gainorlossinonthly;onheavy paper worth 2i» cts. This Book Free with oui' Poultry Paper one year for 25o. or Book free with paper 3 months for lOc. Descriptive circulars Free for stamp to pay postage. Wayside Poultry Co., Clintonville. Conn. 11... SPECIAL OFFER. While the regular subscription price for THE MACIC CITY HOOF AND HORN, a weekly Price Current, Live Stock, Farm and Fireside paper, will remain at One Dollar per year yet, in order to more than double our present cir- culation, we have determined, for a brief period, to allow all of our present subscribers to renew their subscriptions by sending the name of a new subscriber with their own for one dollar, thus get- ting two papers for one year for one dollar. And to all who remit at once we will give, free, a copy of B. J. Kendall's Perfected Receipt Book and a copy of The Magic City Hoof and Horn's Statistical and Historical Review of the Magic City. Two or more new subscribers at the same time will be taken at the same rate. This is below the actual cost of the paper, but we are willing to make the low offer in order to increase our list. Allbery Printing Company, ii-6t South Omaha, Nebr. BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. This cut represents our f'ombined Machine, which is the best machine made for use in the construction of Hives, Sections. Boxes, etc. Sent on trial. Send for Cata- logue and Price List. W. F. & John Barnes Co., 91.S Ruby St., Rockford, HI. 218 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Novernher Free Sample Copy of the TIPPECANOE FAEMEK, Semi-monthly, Only 25 cents per year. The best farm paper for the money published in the West. Large circulation. Advertising rates reasonable. TIPPECANOE FARMER CO., Lafayette, Ind. F. M. Smith, Editor. n-et $ Money in $ Poultry. There is much money in raising poultry if properly attended to. Learn how to do it right, get the experience of successful breeders and find a sure way to become independent, by subscribing for Poultry Culture, the best edited and most up-to-date poul- try magazine in America. Price only hi\ cents a year. Address Poultry Culture Co., Kansas City, Mo. r»^ ROYAL TEMPLARS. A beneficiary association. Its grade of payments scientific and safe. Both sexes received in perfect equality. You get just what you pay for, and only pay for what you get. Organized 1870. Emergency fund maintained. Expense of management low. Claims paid without expense to beneficiary. Send for information. General office, Itf Masonic Building, Buffalo, N.Y. NEW LIFE TEA ALWAYS CURES CONSTIPATION, INDIGE5TION, SICK HEADACHE, And imparts new life to the whole system. At all druggists and dealers, 25c, or sent by mail, if your dealer will not supply you. Address, LANQHAH HED. CO.. LE ROY, N.Y. Dairymen, Milk Dealers and Creamery men. If you want a paper wholly devoted to your in- terests subscribe for the Milk Reporter. Every issue contains only Official Statis- tics pertaining to the milk market, including prices, amount carried by different railroad lines and an endless collection of facts and figures. Also special features of the trade, notes and com- ments on recent events pertaining to the business, and in every issue will be valuable instructions or suggestions which will prove an aid to those inter- ested in the products of the dairy from any point of view. Order sample copy and address all communica- tions to The Milk Reporter, jj.,.t Deckertown, N. J. HOMES WANTED ! Families, both Catholic and Pro- testant, willing to offer a good home to a boy or girl of any age from in- fancy to ten years and who will re- ceive the child as a member of the family and give it such care and training as will fit it for a life of self-support and usefulness, are in- vited to correspond with State Charities Aid Association, ^, 105 E. 22d St., New York City. This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others would notice YOi'Kadvt. in The Am. Bee-keei'BB. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 219 If you are in- terested in sheep and the breeding of early lambs, try the Dorsets. If you wish further informa- tion send for a copy of the Dorset Courier, published monthly. Address Courier, „.(;t Washington, Pa. Record your Poland Chinas in The Central Poland China Record. ItULESETC. FREE on application. M'. H. Morris, Sec'y, Indianapolis, Ind. Record your Berkshires in The National Berkshire Record. RULES ETC. FREE on application. E. K. Morris, Sec'y, Indianapolis, Ind. Record your Chester Whites in The Standard Chester White Record. RULES ETC. FREE on application. W. H. Morris, Sec'y, Indianapolis, [nd. Subscribe for the Swine Breeders' Journal. Senji-monthly. 50 cents a year. Morris Printing Co., S;imple (3opy Free. Publishers, Indianapolis, Ind. ^rq^orJOBBERto CONSUMER .lAHE &STATE / — • — »- DlREaFBOMPRODliaR tVERYTHIHG( m SMm/mMf'-^lSS^ON EVERY PUROlASt puASE MEKTioN ^ OREAF OR SMALL ^ ^'* ''*'*'' WRITE FOR aTALOOUE. ENa05E 10 CTS.TD HELP fMT POSTAGE When writing to advertisers say: "I saw your adv't in The American' Bee-keefkr." The Fanciers' Review, GhatliaLn^, N.Y. Fifty cents a year, including any one poultry book nam- ed below, FREE. Review alone, 35c. a year. 500 Questions and Answers on Poultry Keeping oc. Low Cost Poultry Houses (plans) 5c. Art of Poultry Breeding (J. H. Davis) 25c. The Hen Business from A to Z (Mrs. May Taylor) 2oc. Uncle 'Rastus on Poultry (J. H. Davis) 25c. 300 Pigeon Queries Answered 25e. Belgian Hare Breeding, new book 2.5c. ll-6t HOMES in OLD VIRGim It is gradually brought to light that the civil war has made great changes, freed the slaves, and in consequence has made the large land owners poor and finally freed the land from the original holders who would not sell until they were compelled to do so. There are some of the finest lands in the market at very low prices, lands that produce all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits, and berries; fine for stock. You find green truck patches, such as cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale, spinach, etc., growing all the win- ter. The climate is the best all the year around to be found, not too cold nor too warm. Good water. Healthful. Raili"oads running in every direction. If you desii-e to know all about Virgit ia send 10c. for three months subscription of the VIRGINIA FARMER to ii.6t FARMER CO., Emporia, Va. The finest line of Wooden Advertising Novelties, such as Thermometers, Match Safes, Rulers, Yard- sticks, etc. made in the world, is the line manufac- tured by The American Mfg. Concern, .Jamestown. N.Y. 220 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER November The Southern Farmer, Athens, Georgia. The Leading AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL of the South. No Farmer, Fruit Grower, Stock- raiser, Poultryman, Dairyman or even Housewife can afford to be without this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on appli- cation. Advertising Rates Reasonable Our^ Horticultural Visitor^ Kinmundy, Ills., conducted by a practical horticulturist. Read by active fruit and vegetable growers. Old subscribers say they find more practical know- ledge in this Journal than 1 hey do in any other. Send for a free sample copy and see for yourself. M Send for Price List of Nursery Stocic to PARK NURSERY, KINMUNDY, ILL. Established in 1883. See low pricas before buying. ll-(it, SHINE! The Empire Washer Coiujiauy, Jamestown, N.Y. make a Shine Cabinet, furnished with foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe rubber— in fact, all articles and materials needed to kce[) shoes looking their best— and us it is made to be fastened to the wall of toilet room or kitchen, it does away with the vexatious searching after these articles which is altogether too common. A jiostal will bring you details of this and other good things. Buffalo Review, Live Stock, Produce and Horse Interests. TELEGR.\PH SERVICE. Official paper of East Buffalo Stock Yards. Best Agricultural Advertising Medium. Subscription $4. per annum. Buffalo Review Co., Publishers, Buffalo, N.Y. THE IRRIGATION AGE, Is the pioneer journal of its kind in the world, and is devoted to ad- vancing the Irrigation Industry andj Western resources. Irrigation is one of the leading issues of the day and you should be posted on what is being acconiplishetl. Published by J. E. FORREST, 91G West Harrison St., Chicago, 111., $1.00 a year. Send for sample copy. A BATH IS a luxury when UMPIRE taken in an '^ Portable Folding BATH TUB. Used in any room AOKNTS VVantki) Catalogue Frei'. , The empire WASHER CO., jAMESrOWN,N.Y. Stfi Our strain of Italian Queens we believe to be unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our location being farther south than that of any other breeder in the United States we can ship queens any day in the year. No disease. Warranted Queens $1, six for $5, or ^9 per dozen. Safe arrival guaranteed. Southern Bee Company, H. E. HILL, Manager. Fort Pierce, Indian River, itf Florida. Early Queens ! Earlier Queens ! ! Earliest Queens !!! The Modern Farmer and Busy Bee, Edited by Emerson Taylor Abbott, who is well-known among bee-keepers, is push- ing to the front rapidly as a general farm paper. Send for their Premium List and get up a club. They are making some of the most liberal offers ever made by a publisher. Address at once, Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mo. n-tf "Ad" Free. An Investment. We wish to push our circulation over the 10,000 mark and to do this give away advertisements. For a Silver Quarter, Paper one year and 20 word ad. in our popular Breeder's Column for two months. Poultry and Belgian Hares our subject. Ever Hear of the Like? Take it in now for it won't always last. Address Fanciers' Guide, Montpelier, Ind. i j Formerly American Pet Stock Journal, but much niihirKed. Hare Book. 25c. extra. U-tU ^ Boys and Girls -f wanted to get suliscribiTs for the Poultry, Bee & Fruit Journal. A monthly journal that every poultry man, fruit grower, bee-keeper or farmer needs. It Is 3oc. per year. You get it for 2oc. and so make 10c. on each sub- scriber you get. Yon keep your com- mission out before sending money to us. TO HELP YOU we will give a choice of oOc. worth of books from our list of good 10c. books in our paper to each subscriber you get. .'iO cents worth of good read- ing and our 3.ic. monthly journal all for 35c. Send at once and be the first in your locality. Address Poultry, Bee and Fruit Journal, Davenport, Iowa. 4- Men and Women -f FREE Write for Free Premium List Jewelry. Tovs. U.-^eful .\rticles. One of the above First-Class articles will be t;ivcn to any one sending 2jc for one ye.ir's snbsciipllcu to our great Poultry, Agricultural and Home Paj er. Address Poultry and Farm, Box 672, Baltimore, ild. Mention American Bee-keeper when writing. ITALIAN QUEENS from 25c. to $25.00. During the season of I'.iOl we shall undertake, by breeding and selection, to lengthen the tongues of our bees. This will necessitate the rearing of many more queens than we should otherwise have sale for. So if you want a fine queen at your own price send in your order. State the price you wish to pay and we will send you your money's worth. All will be from the finest golden and long tongued stock obtainable. The Swarthmore Apiaries, Swarthmore, Pa. 13th year. E.L.PRATT. Bee-keepers' Supplies, well and accurately made, of the very best and soundest materials; such goods as have gained for us a name and standing second to none, are manufactured and for sale by The W. T. Falconer Mfg.Co., Jamestown, NY- The ABC of Bee Culture. 1900 Edition. The only Encyclopsedia on Bees. 500 Pages. The last edition, 5000 copies, issued in October. 1899, was exhausted in the short space of one year. Even before the edition was out of the press, 1500 copies had been sold: and before thirty days had passed. 1000 more copies were taken. We immediately set to work to print a new edition. While the edition of 1899 was more thoroughly revised than any previous one, that for 1900 has received even larger additions of new matter, so that the book from beginning to end is almost entirely new. It contains 500 double-column pages. It has been most carefully gone over by Dr. C. C. Miller, who has prepared a new set of comments, and by Prof. A. J. Cook, of Pomona College, Cal. As before, old subjects have been rewritten. Descriptions of obsoh^te methods have in all cases be<'n stricken out and the very latest put in their place. The new edition will be ready for delivery about November 15. Send your orders at once to get a copy of the tirst lot from the bindery. Orders filled in rotation. Orders may be sent to the undersigned, or to any dealer in bee-keepersi supplies. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE ■rade Marks Designs Copyrights &c. Anyono seiidlnK a slept rli and description may quickly .iscort.iiii oiii (ipmuni free whether an inveiitidii is indtiMlily (latiMitMble. Comnninioa- tions strictly ointjdeiitiiil. Iliindbookon Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securnig patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Scientific Jinierican. A handsomely illustrated weekly. I^argest cir- culation of aiiy scientific .iournal. Terms, $'i a year: four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN &Co.36^Broadway, (lew York Branch OtTice, 325 F St.. Washington, O. V. The New C. Von Cuiin INCUBATOR. I'oultrykeeping combines very nicely with bee- keeping. The New (,'. Von Culin Incubator, made by the \\' . T. Falconer Mfg fJo., Jamestown. N.Y., is what you need to make it successful. Send for C!atal()gue and read "What 'J'liey Say" and you will know it is the best yet invented. 377 GennisonSt., Grand Rapids, Mich. Jan. 12, IH'.IS). C. Von Culin: Incubator I bought of you has proved itself a wonderful success. First hatch of 200 eggs I got Hm; chicks. Mrs. C. W. DeYoung. The Chautauqua Drying Bars is an invention for saving room ii crowded kitchens which will surely b( appreciated by every housekeeper. Th( warmest and dryest air in a room is al ways overhead, and clothes Lung upoi; these radiating bars, which are attache( by a couple of screws to the wall, are noj only out of the way but in the best par of the room for drying quickly and thor oughly. Price $1.00. Made only by The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y I$ars are all iiiise. H. II. I'nicic, I'iucks, l'.k. S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Laud Department, Florida East Coast Railway. Perrine (Irant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. ' tt If, If, BINGHAM ^ lias inailo all tlie iin- ]jrovoin(>nt.>; in h Bee Smokers and ^ Honey Knives made In tlx' last 30 ynars. niidoubti'illv ho makes the best on earth. Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail $1 .)!l SW inch 1.10 Knife. 80 cents. .3 inch 1.00 2 ^ inch S!0 T. F. Bingham, 7 !"';\v-yo-' 7'- _ ..^=. . Little n onder. 2 in. .1.. Farwell, Mich. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the l>L>st A'jricultural News. $1 1)0 a year . .\ddress fO.NNECTK I'T FARMEU, Hartford. Con If To R€pair Broken Arti- cles use -Jf*^"" Remember MAJOR'S RUBBER CEAIENT, MAJOR'S LEATHER CEMENT. The Empire Portable Folding Bath Tubs. Make yoiiryelf a Christmas present of one and enjoy the luxuiy of cleanliness. St>18.^ The liMPiKK Washer Co., Jamestown, N. Y The only strictly agricultural paper published in this State. The only agricultural paper published ev^ery week. It goes to every post office in State of Tennessee and to many offices in Kentucky, Alabama, (^eorgia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Te.xas, Florida and Louisiana. It is the official organ of the Agricul- tural Department of Tennessee and Live Stock Commission. Subscrip- tion $1.00 per year in advance. 12-6t O R T C U L T U R E Does the word interest you ? If so, send 50 cents for one year's snl)soription to the North American Horticulturist, ('. J. McConnick, Editor. MONROE, MICH. .\n Ilijstrated Monthly, devoted to FRUIT CROWING, FLOWERS, FORESTRY and HOME. A F'irst-class Advertising medium reaching thousands of farmers and fruit growers. The American Bee-keeper is the only bee paper published in the East anri should be supported by all Eastern bee-keepers, especially those in the Empire State. Send in your subscrip- tions—or get up a club. AN EASY WAY TO EARN $25.00 We ■will pay this to anyone sending us 20 new yearly sub- scriptions, a c c o m - panied by the full yearly price for each subscription Send two cent stamp for prospectus, sam- ple copies and par- ticulars Outing Publishing Co. 259 Fifth Ave.. N.Y. 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE Marks . Designs Copyrights &c.' 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In order that you may be sure you are getting stock of a straight pedigree and not disqualified, I have decided that all stock pur- chased of me, that is six months old or over and costing as high as $5 OO per head or more, that 1 will have it registered with The National Belgian Hare Club, of America, without extra charge. I have several of the Best Imported breeding bucks in the country. Fanciers, let me hear from you. J. L. DEVALON, Prop. Hillside Rab- bitry, 2325 17th St., Denver, Col. 12 fit Am eric an Poultry J^eLnin, V. M. Hunger & Sons, DeKalb. II!.. Krc.fulers ot LTwhitePlymouth Rocks, SilvfT aiul White Wvanduttes. White and Hrowii Leghorns, (Tolden iSeabright Bantams, Pearl Guineas, Hron/.e Tnrlveys, JERSEY CATTLE; =»l^o Pedigroeil and imported BELGIAN HARES, of "Champion Fashoda." Chamjiion Dasih." "Champion Yukon," "Clianipion Kdonhoro" and other best imjiorted strain.^. Twenty-five years experience in breeding. stock and Eggs for sale at ail times, ('irenlar and prices on aijplication. MON :^Y IN Poultry If properly attended to there is much money in raising poultry. I-earn how to do it right. Get the e.xperience of old successful breeders and find a sure way of becoming inde- pendent by subscribing for Poultry Culture the best edited and most up-to-date poultry magazine in America. Subscription price only fifty cents a year. Address Poultry Culture Co., i2.Kt KANSAS CITY, MU. Until 1901 Only. Sixty page book, -'How to Make Poultry and Pigeons Pay," also copy of our Illustrated Month- ly Poultry, Pigeon and Pet Stock Paper. Don't forget to send at once if you are interested. Address, The Poultry Item, Flicks, Pa. Box B. lij-it I B e aimless Here is a now and useful device made with both slinnlder straps of one amUmioKS piece offirnt-cUiss irchhiufj, ends of best braided cord; buckles heavy brass, nickle plated and not one stitch of needlework employed in its construction, therefore nothing to rip or wear out prematurely. All elastic goods depreciate with age. Why buy cheap, worthless elastic goods that may have been burdening the shelves of the wholesale and retail merchants for months or years? We manufacture our goods and sell direct from Fdctorii to Wearer. Susi)eDders as well as other garments sirould fit tt e boity. Tn ordering give measurement over shoulder from front to rear button. All goods sent securely x>ackod. postpaid. Sample pair, 2oc.; five pair, $1 \a; youth's lengths, one pair, 20c.; five pair. 'Me. Try the Seamless and you will wear no other. Lawrence Suspender Co., 734 Mass. Street, Lawrence, Kan. 12-Gt A Poultry Paper VEIARS for 3 $1 We will send the Canadian Poul- try Review three years for $1 or to three subscribers one year for $1. Special departments for "Turkeys, Ducks and Geese," -'Poultry Ail- ments," "Bantatns," Incubators and Brooders," "Practical Poultry,'' [under charge of A. G. Gilbert, manager Poultry Department, Gov- ernment Farm, Ottawa] etc. New illustrations, critical show reports, 40 to 48 pages monthly. Single copy 5c. Address, Toronto, Ont. Go South. The Soil, Climate, Markets and many other advantages invite you. For free copies of Monthly Journal, and for Maps, Plats, Facts. Figures and full information, write A. Jeffers, 351 Main Street, ,.,.r.f Norfolk. Va. Fancy Fowls Leading Pouldry Organ of the South. Charles M. Meachain. Editor. Well established and Prosperous 36 to 52 pages. Best 25-cent paper published. Circulation covers entire South. Every Poult r y Breeder should take it. Addn.-ss, enclosing 25 cents in stamps. FANCY FOWLS CO., i2-t!t Hopkinsville, Ky. Here is a medium, Mr. Advertiser, that will pay you. T^e NebrasK^a parm JourQol A Monthly Journal Devoted to Agricultural Interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural paper in the West. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. THE NEBRASAFARM JOURNAL, 1128 N. St., LINCOLN. NEB. GET MAREIED and Get Married QUICKLY! We can help you secure a good wif '? or husband. Don't live a single life. Get mar- ried happily. Send two-cent stamp fur full particulars. Address FARMER and MINER, DENVER, COLO. P. O. box 850. CANADIAN POULTRY NEIWS, A live up-to-date, 16-page monthly devoted to poultry, pigeons and pet stock; con- tains much useful informa- tion as well as general Cana- dian Poultry News. Sub- scription only 30 cents a year, advertising rates very low. Send 30 cents at, onco and ^et the Annual Illustrated Christmas Number, of twenty pages, in colors, before the edition is run out. Don't send American stamps, please. Address ROBT- R- CAMERON, Publisher Canadian Poultry News, 12-Gt Owen Sound, Ont., Can. Pigeon Flying! Tlie leading, brightest and best authority ou Homing Pigeons in America. (Jharles H. Jones, Editor and Publisher, lO So. Broad St., Philadelphia. Sole Manufacturer of National Association hands, also initial, seamless and open bauds for dragoons, carriers and all kinds of toy pigeons — Aluminum Seamless bands for Homers and Toys - - - - };2 50 per 100 Aluminum Seamless bands for Dra- goons and Carriers - - - Seauuess (ierman Silver bands - Opeu bands — German Silver Countermarks Countermarks, Aluminum, vpry light No extra charge for Initials. All bands are registered for future reference. No samples sent unle.ss i)rice of bauds and cost of mailing is remitted. .-\11 kinds of rubber stamps and figures for mark- ing pigeons. Send stamp to the above address for illustrated catalogue for all appliances pertaining to pigeons. i2-(;t A Postal Card. If you want to know something about the live stock ])usiness in the West, send us a postal card with your name and address plainly written on same, and we will mail you a sample copy of the Western Swine Breeder and Live Stock Journal. It is an up-to-date stock publication. WESTERN SWINE BREEDER, i-'';t 107 S. nth street, LINCOLN, NEB. ,son ' • 100 2 00 ' 100 1 00 ' 100 so ' 101) 1 00 ' 100 The Record. The Oldest and Leading Belgian Hare Journal of America and England. R. J. Fi.NLEV, Editor and Publisher, The only journal having an English Belgian Hare Department. One copy worth the yearly subscription. If interested, don't fail to send 2-cent stamp for sample copy at once. Address, R. J. FINLEY, i-.-Bt MACON . MO. \. \ r Ml!. <). O. POPPI.KT* (See page 28H. ) Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. QUEEN-REARING NUMBER Vol. X DECEMBER, 1900 No. 12 CONFINING BEES FOR CELL- BUILDING. Experiences and Suggestions from tlie Originator of the Plan. Uy W. H. PRIDGBV. REPORTS in the different .lournals go to show that but few bee- keepers are suflicientiy expert in imitating natural cells regardless of the method employed in the preparation of the larvae to meet with uniform success in having them accepted, unless a more intense desire for a queen is brought to l)(!ar than exists under the natural im- pulse, or conditions that give the most satisfactory results in cell-building. Immediate acceptance is essential to the production of first-class queens; as a larva once neglected is slower in de- xclopment, and never results in such, lifaiizing this fact, like many others, the writer had to adopt some plan of overcoming the reluctance on the part of the bees in receiving promptly the larvae given, and first gave them to bees made broodless and queenless, by tak- ing away the queen and a day or two later, the brood, as recommended by (itlKU's. This proved to be too slow, and linally the bi'ood and queen were both taken away at once, with the result tiiat the bees had to be confined to pre- vent desertion, by placing a screen at (lie entrance of tiie hive, tiiat turned all in and none out. Three cr four hours Iat(;r prepared cups were given and all were pi'omptly accepted. Inasmuch as confined bees would ac- cept the cups, all that was ?jecessary was to shake the bees from several combs of a normal colony into a hive contain- ing combs of honey and pollen and provided with a wire-screen bottom as a ventilator, was the manner of reason- ing which was put into practice with satisfactory results as to the acceptance and shaping up of the cups, but was rather fussy and slow, in that the queen had to be found to avoid shaking her off into the hive with the cell-starters and the bees had to be shaken or brushed from the combs into their liive after the cups were worked on a few hours and given to other bees to be completed. The next step was to use the cell- builders over an excluder, after all ol the brood in the upper storj' was sealed, by simply placing the upper story on a stand with wire-cloth bottom and shak- ing the bees from a few of the combs to cause the excitement that follows I'ongh handling, in search of the queen, and found that such bees would accept almost any number of cups in from four to six hours, and could be placed back over the excluder to complete them. Now a colony is kept for this part of the work with two stories above the excluder, with a laying queeti below: and whiit> THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Dectmber the combs from which all the brood has hatched, are replaced with others con- taining brood, from time to time, both stories never contain unsealed brood at any one time, and the one is placed on the ventihitor that contains none. When this is done, a comb, containing water, is given; as many spaces between tlie combs provided as batches, of cups are to be given ; the bees shaken from some of the combs in the hive left above the excluder into the one of cell-starters and the latter securely covered to pre- vent the escape of the bees. Do tliis early in the day ; four to six lioui's later give the prepared cups and just before night the cups can be given to any bees prepared for cell-building. and the queenless bees placed bacl< over the excluder by simply handling the hive.^ The plan here given luii- been in prac- tice for two seasons with satisfactory results. Of course, some of the bees escape when the hive is opened to insert the cups, but this has not proven to be a serious matter, as with the arrangement given, they are attempting at the time to escape at the bottom, and by having a cloth between the frames and the cover, it can be gently rolled back and the bees slightly smoked down until the spaces are reached. Am glad to note; that tiie editor has contrived a plan fcjr overcoming this objection. Creek. N. C. QUEEN-REARING AND QUEEN- BUYING. From the Standpoint of a Honey Producer. HV I''. UKKINJSK. Til!'] averajre bi-e-kisepfa- needs a few queens from day to -xiay; some days he may not need any at all -at least so I find it in my experi- rnce. Accordingly I start a new batch of queen-cells every three dayss, A colony nearly ready to swarm, or one about to supersede their old queen are just the thing to rear queens. If a cjlony of this kind is deprived of the queen and is given a frame of brood every four or live days, (juite a number of batches of cells may be built by it, and I think all the queens thus roared will be good. As to the artificial cells, it matters little of what material tiiey are made: the shape also may be varied consider- ably. One may form them of those lumps accumulating along the edges of real old combs. Of course it will facilitate the work if the cells are made as advised by Doolittle. I use a litth- six-toothed rake with teeth about one- inch apart, left in a dish of water for a while so as to become saturated, then dip into melted beeswax or resin and bees- wax. I prefer to make the cups rather shallow and thick at l!he edges, dipping them about the same depth each time. There is no use having the cell-moutli thin and feathery. Cells made heavy can be handled roughly without being in any way mutilated. They can be made quickly and I hardly think there will be any need of their being offered for sale. The bee-keepers can make them so easily themselves. Small larvie, about twenty-four hours old, are easily transferred with a fine camel-hair brush and the royal jelly may also be distributed and placed into the cells by it. Thes(> ar(^ all vei'y simple operations and (|uickly per- formed. By means of the little brush! am enabled to remove and transfer larvie. from drone and worker cells without tearing down the side walls of the cells. It recpiires a steady hand and sharp eyes, and it may be easier performed by first cutting down the cells. ■ If I have no royal jelly on hand I make the lirst transfer without it. After two or tliree days, and for the second batch, a cell of the first lot is sacrificed to obtain the necessary jelly to properly prepare the cups for the 1!)00 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 323 reception of the intended queens. The smaller the larvae, the less jelly is necessary to place in the cups. In order to raise good queens at a time when honey is not coming in fast, the coll builders must always be fed liberally and I would again recommend feeding milk strongly sweetened with sugar. We have at this date. July 4, not yet had any honey-flow and I have found it necessary to feed my cell- builders daily, using milk every other (lay. I thus obtained many well-built, large cells. To factlitate the work of removing the matured cells from the cell-building colony I have a regular brood-frame so arrangetl that bars may be slid in, notches being cut in the end bars just in the right places, so that three bars may be used at one time and one above the other. When I remove one bar with the most mature cells, another one with fresh cells takes its place, etc. A careful record is kept of all the manipulations. Very few honey-producers can afford to buy as many queens as they would like to. It seems the same story as it is with the strawberries: We would like to use a good many, and the only way to have either strawberries or queens, and have them plentifully, is to raise them ourselves. It is also nearer my notion to have these things fresh. Strawberries nor queens can be expected to be any better for having traveled over rough roads for several hundred miles; and so I think it will be more profitable to raise the larger part of our queens ourselves. That we must procure new blood from time to time goes without saying. We may either buy a number of tested or even untested queens each year and then select the best from them; or we may purchase regular breeding queens, the best that money can buy. Naples, N. Y., July 4, 1900. Modern Culture (i$1.00 a year) with The American Bee-keeper, $1.00 a year. CARDINAL PRINCIPLES IN THE PRODUCTION OF GOOD QUEENS. BY G. iM. JUJOLITI'I-K. VERY rarely, indeed, do bees, un- molested by man, rear queens, only under two conditions. The first, and most general, is under the conditions of natural swarming, and the second is where the bees, realizing that their queen is not keeping the comb filled with brood, as she did when in her prime, conclude that, if they would prosper, their mother must be replaced with a young and vigorous queen. And as I said at the start, it is very rare indeed to have queens reared under any other circumstances — with the bees in a natural condition — than the above. And why? Because, where a queen is lost to a colony, it is at some other time than at a period when brood — in the egg and larval form — is in the combs, and consequently, with the death of the queen comes, sooner or later, the death of the colony. There- fore, it would be well to look into the principles which govern queen-rearing (and have so governed, by the God- appointed way) principles which gov- erned and kept bees at their best, up to the present century, during whicii cen- tury man has made the great advance- ment which we have today. The principles under which queen-rearing, during nearly six thotisand years was conducted, was plenty of bees in the colony, thus securing plenty of nurse bees and plenty of warmth for the best development and growth of the larvse and pupae, together with plenty of food, both pollen and honey, coming from the fields. Under these conditions the highest type of queens were generally reared, and in all of our operations at queen-rearing these conditions and prin- ciples should be kept in sight if we would succeed in rearing the best of queens. Let me emphasize the matter a little by partially repeating: Nature designed queen-rearing only during a period that honey, as well as pollen, was being a24 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Deuenihcr gathered from the fields, and we can always consider it safe to go according to the teachings learned by a close observation of our pets, and unsafe to go contrary to the rules and laws which govern the economy of the hive. Con- sequently, if we would rear queens at any other time than when the fields meet all of the requirements, we must meet with these requirements, by sup- plying them from the feeder, or in some similar way. But this part of the matter has been gone over many times, and is doubtless familiar to all but the novice in the business. Therefore 1 will leave it with ihe few hints given, to touch upon a matter which I am led to believe is not so well understood. Now, when in the state of nature, how did tlie bees construct the cells or cradles for their queens? The larger part of the writings on tliis matter would have us believe that the bees enlarged a worker cell containing a lar- va of the right age for queen-rearing, and constructed a queen-cell over it. But a close observation during the past thirty years compels me to say that bees never do this, when swarming or supersedure are conducted under a nor- mal condition. AVell, if they do not do it in this way, how is it done? Always by starting the cell-cup along the edges of the combs, at the bottom or sides, or more frequently in or about some hole or depression of the combs. These cell- cups are made quite heavy at the base by using wax and propolis, and not in- frequently by collection of debris from about the hive, till the completed ceil is so strong that it will tear the comb apart rather than yield itself to the pressure brought to bear in removing it from its place. Such are very different from queen-cells built over larva, as is the case where the apiarist removes a queen to cause the bees to construct queen-cells, and have much to do with rearing first-class queens. How? Principally in that they are larger and more roomy, especially at the base. Into these cell-cups the queen deposits an egg, whether the case is superse- dure or for .swarming, and upon the hatching of this egg the larva is sur- rounded with chyle or royal jelly. ?o that it spreads out all about it in a crescent form, llu; larva lying in the centre. As the larva grows the cell is lengthened, and more food supplied, till, upon sealing over, the cell is nearly half full of royal jelly, and that in shape where the larva can reach its food easily during all the time it is spinning its cocoon, and till it cca.st's to eat more, when passing into the pupal form. If we examine one of these cells immediatelely upon the queens' emerg- ing, we will find a lump of royal jelly nearly or (juite as large as a pea. remaining in the bottom of the cell, and that in a shape of a crescent, showiui: that the queen was not cramped at all when eating her last meal as a larva. Now, look at the base of a queen-cell built over a worker cell, or from a stri}) of worker comb, having the cells cut down, and every other larva killed with the brimstone end of a match, or from strips of drone comb, as many recom- mend, and see how the clumsy larva, half larva and half pupa, so to speak, has to cramp itself to get those last meals, or go without; which last meals are the finishing touches, which go to make the ditference between the really good queen and the only fairly good. And the cell-cups having the worker !)as(!. which arc made artifically, have the same objection. But the editor said I must nut be lengthy, so 1*11 drop thai right here, and leave it for food for thought to those who have not thought on the matter before. Lastly, these naturally built queen-cells will be found to be fully one-sixteenth of an inch larger in diameter than iiueen-cells built over larval on work(ir comb. From the differ- ent forming sticks and cell-cups which have been sent me. I judge that the most of them have been made by measur- IWU THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 235 ing the size of the queen-cells built over larviB on worker comb, for with one exception all were too small. The most of them are only about five-sixteenths of an inch, while three-eights is much nearer the si/.(! of the inside of the cell producing a good queen either from natural swarming or from supersedure. It was from natural swarming cells that L made my lirst forming stick, and if the reader wants to make his stick as it should be, let him make it so it will conform to the bottom three-eights-inch of tlie best formed natural queen-cell he QUEEN-CELLS. The Use of Artificial Cups in Their Construction — How Given to the Bees Without Opening the Hive, Etc. HY THE EIJITOB. THE hive in the foreground of the accompanying illustration will clearly show our cell-building arrangement. In the picture the flat lid has been removed, leaving the honey board exposed to view. Ventilation — which is very important — is secured by setting the hive upon an can liud and he will have it just right. There is much more that could be said on tills subject, but I will leave it here, lioping that each reader will keep up a constant thinking on the carcinal principles of queen-rearing, until the queen-rearing of tomorrow may reach a higher plane than has that of to-day. Borodino, N. Y., Oct. 25. lyoo. It is false economy to form nuclei with too few bees. uivcited ventilating screen, such as we use in moving bees from place to place. It consists of a four-inch rim covered with wire-cloth. The thr,ighteen cups. As a result of this experiment 328 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER December Mr. Doolittle now gives the following directions: "Dip your sticks in wax, give one, (ive, ten or twenty to any col- ony for 48 hours, and you have your cell-cups all right. Now, - start with royal jelly and larvte, and when ripe use a nursery as does Mr. Pridgen, and you have the tiling with very little fuss- ing." We would here invite the atten- tion of the reader to the similarity of the method employed by "Swarthmore" {jfiven elsewhere in this- number. But we will quote Mr. Doolittle a little further, to show the strongest point in favor of these wooden cups: "I cut tlie cells apart with the pruning shears, but the pieces of stick would not go into the cell-protectors, consequently I expected the bees would tear them down, as they do other queen cells where given soon after a laying queen has been taken from a nuclei or colony, when not using the cell-protector. To my surprise, not a single cell has been destroyed. So you will see that in this thing we have cell- cups and cell-protectors combined, as the wood reaches down past where the bees naturally tear the cells open." Judging from the extent of our cor- respondence upon this point, which luis resulted from a communication pub- lished some months since in the Bee- keepers'' Review relating to our prefer- ence for separable cells, instead of hav- ing them non-separable. as they practically are in the method given by Mr. Doolittle, above, we believe it is quite generally known that we prefer the separable kind. We believe, how- ever, that the protection afforded by the wood is a matter too important to be over-looked, where a large number of cjueens are to be reared. Upon receipt of Mr. Doolittle's de- tailed statement of his experiments witli the wooden bar, and its success, our thoughts were immediately and earn- estly given to devising a plan whicli would combine ease of separability with the wooden protection. We regret that space in this number will not per- mit us to give illustrations and a full explanation of its result; but it will fol- low in the near future. We would say brielly, however, that the plan consists of liaving a number of hardwood blocks one-half inch square, through each of which is bored a three-eighth hole, and inserting in each hole a light waxen cup. The whole lot of these blocks is locked upon a flat surface, after f'.e manner in which a piinter locks his formes, and are given to the bees by tin* same method as illustrated and de- scribed elsewhere, above the frames. When the quoins, or wedges are re- leased the cells are free to be handled separately. We have used quite a large number of this style of cups and ceils during the past two months, and have yet to have the first one destroyed b\ the bees. But little wax is necessary in their construction, as the bloqk gives practically an indestructable base. We think so well of the arrangement that we should like to have those of our readers who propose rearing queens next season give it a trial and report. The W. T. Falconer Manufacturi]ig Co. have provided us with blocks which are simply perfection, and we have no doubt that they will be able to supply them to all who may desire to try them, as they will also with the wax cups. Bee-keepers' Convention. Naples, N. Y., Nov. 23. 1900. Pub!ish(>rs Ajucrican Bee-keeper, Geu'tlemen: — There will be a conven- tion on the 13tli and 14th of December, held in Canandaigua. N. Y., by the On- tario County Bee-keepers' Association. It is connected with a Bee-keeper.s' In- stitute. Mr. VV. Z. Hutchinson. Editor Review, will be in attendance. Yours Respectfully, F. Greinek. Secretary Ontario County (N. Y.) Bee- keepers' Association. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 239 IS IT AN ADVANTAGE For a Beginner to Rear His Own Queens ? BY J. (). GltlMSIEV. A^ T some time in life we were all beginners. Some of us were quite young, others more advanced in years; and in our reflections we look back on the past and call to mem- ory our likes and dis- likes. More especially does the mind find a resting place upon the features of the business that tickled our fancy at the time, and in most cases we remember that the growth and development of the queen was first with us. We were beginners in. a business — yes a business — that was to grow in volume, and interest us more and more as the years '-oiled around, and each had an object in view. That is, some of us ex- pected to confine ourselves to the pro- duction of honey, others were laying a foundation for queen-rearing, while a few— a very few — were born naturalists and were studying the life history of our "little pets'" for the great statisfac- tion to themselves and the good they might do for others, in disseminating knowledge that the every-day bee- keeper had not time to acquire from personal experiments. But more to the practical side of it. With the beginner the first queen-rear- ing is done by the d.e-queening method, and in most cases not even discarding the short, stumpy 5ells. By and by he improves by selecting the long, "pea- nut" cells and destroying the others. As time goes on his experience grows until finally he is grafting, a In Doo- little, or Pridgen, and then we find him in a very interesting part of the game, and he begins to fancy himself a breeder. He has other hills to climb, by-paths to clear up, and many things yet to leaj'n. But we are talking about the beginner and will have to go back and see what he is doing. Taken as a rule I will assert that fifty per cent, of the queens reared by be- ginners— on the de-queening plan — are inferior in some respects; many being almost worthless, while, as a rule, the professional queen breeder can supply him with queens, ninety per cent, of which will be first-class. Then, If he wants to keep his colonies strong, and in a condition to bring in the coveted sweets, it would be best to let queen- rearing pass until he had a few surplus c<*l0n4es-to-e-x-perime«t with. There is a time when all bee-keepers should know how to rear queens — it will pay tliep — but just at what time in one's experience the business should be learned, depends much upon circum- stances, and the natural inclination to get down to detail. If we are studying bee-keeping merely as a fancy, or from a naturalist's point of view, then go right in — it is oneof the most fascinating studies connected with the business and the more you learn the more you want to know. By and by, as you become more familiar with the business you will begin to study the drone side of the business, and as you advance other things present themselves — improve- ment in color, improvement in the vari- ous working qualities, such as comb building, etc., and stranger things hap- pen than for longer tongues to be looked for. But as a beginner, with the exception I mention, I would always say: Let it alone. With limited knowledge, valu- able colonies are likely to be destroyed. There are so many things to look to, we should have quite a good store of knowledge as to the habits of workers before undertaking it. Beeville, Tenn., Nov. 1. 1900. Index and title page will be found in this number. Why not have the volume bound? 230 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER December SEPARABLE CELLS. AS viewed by The Bee-keeper, the ready separability of cells is a most desirable feature. Nearly all the methods of having cells con- stucted do, in one sense, admit of their being separated without inconvenience; though with but few is it convenient to detach or ini^ert any particular cell which it may be desired to. The photo herewith presented, from the Bee- keepers' Review, illustrates a plan which we had in use several months with quite satisfactory results. The kerf and held in position by a brad driven in the fold of the tin. Thus the cell blocks were made readily removable at will without the necessity of displac- ing any other cells than those which it was desired to remove. Our chief ob- ject in using the block was to have the cell attached to the top of the nursery cage^which the block really was — when this stage had been reached; as it fitted snugly into the opening at the top, leaving the cell suspended inside, as shown in the cage at the right, from which the wire screen front has been ♦Mips were attaciied to square pieces cut from section-boxes, and the block slipped into grooves along the sides of the supporting bar in the frame. This |)ian would probably have been still in use had not Mr. Pridgtui spoiled it all by suggesting an obviously better way of doing it. Pridgen sent us a sample bar hav- ing tiny T-tiiis placed transversely, the fold of tiic T being inserted in a saw removed to show the cell in position. Where a cage is designed to use the cells without the block, there is really no occasion for their use, providing some means for the convenient separa- tion, attachment and detachment of cells is otherwise afforded. This is all readily accomplished by another of Mr. Pridgen's devices, for a sample of which we are indebted to him. lie has in- serted, at a distance of five-eighths of 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 231 an inch apart, on the undor side of the supportin": bar, two bits of wire driven into the wood, the ends of which pro- trude about three thirty-seconds. The base of a heavy wax cup is simply pressed against these wire points, and the fastening is complete; while any cell may be picked off and another placed in its stead at any time. This is unquestionably the most convenient form of attaching and removing cells yet devised; and will probably become more generally used than any of the others, where a frame is used. SOME DON'TS FOR BEGINNERS. BV int. C. C. iMIIJ.EB. Don't think you can raise queens in the winter. Don't try to start queen-cells much in advance of the time when bees begin to start them for swarming. Don't think that a thimble-full of bees can start good queen-cells. Don't be satisfied to rear queen- cells from anything but the best stock ob- tainable. Don't be satisfied to let the drones take care of themselves without sup- pressing them in all but the very best colonies. Don't allow your nuclei to stand with- out brood so as to start laying workers. Don't take a queen from a nucleus until she has laid enough eggs to estab- lish a fair reputation as a layer. Don't give a cell to a nucleus until it is near hatching, especially if weather is cool. Don't hesitate to smash remorselessly any queen that don't come up to your standard. Don't set your standard too low. Don't fail to recognize that the queen is the main thing in bee-keeping. Don't think that in thirty days you can learn as much about queen-rearing as Doolittle did in thirty years. Don't think that if you don't do any of the above-mentioned things you don't need to be on the lookout for some other foolish thing. Marengo, 111., Sept. 21, 1900. Could You Oblige Us? If any of our readers know of bee- ket-pers in their county or neighborhood who do not subscribe for The American Bee-keeper, they will confer a great favor by sending us a list of such names, so that we may forward sample copies. New Columbia, 111., Nov. 13, 1900. Editor American Bee-keeper. Dear Sir and Friend: — I received the money order, and it was quite a surprise to me as I did not expect anything for the article. Thank you. Yours Respectfully, W. T. Stephenson. ■ PUBLISHED MONTHLV BY THE W. T. FALCONER MANFO. CO. H. E. HILL, Editor. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 85cts.i 3 copies, f 1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents e.\tra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; *2. 00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per cent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 1.5th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. l^"Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The American Bee-keeper, Falconer, N.Y. t^~ Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. SW Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. t^~ A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. 23S THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER December All cheap queens are not inferior, but facilities and care necessary for the production of good queens are expensive. And now, we have to bid an eternal farewell, not alone to the old year, but as well to the century of our birth, and that of modern bee-keeping. In considering the merits of stock, color should be the last to receive attention. "Handsome is that handsome does," very fittingly expresses the matter. "Beauty is iDut skin deep.'' If a queen is found to be incap- able of keeping her colony up to the standard, better pinch her and turn the combs over to a queen that will make profitable use of them. Do not condemn a queen because some or all the workers which accompany her through the mails are not marked according to your- liking. They may be no relation to her. An abundant yield of nectar in the flowers avail eth nothing withr out bees to gather it. The extent of the working force depends more lai'gely upon the prolificacy of the queen than upon all else. Ihe purity of a queen is not told l)y any markings of her own, as one of our correspondents appears to think, bi;t by the markings of , her progeny. Neither is one or two bands on a drone any index of impure blood. Drones, it is said, to be of ser- vice, must reach a certain age. Now, who will enlighten us as to the minimum limit? In rearing queens early in the season, know- ledge on this point might prove of value. In the Bee-keepevH ReHtio for Oc- tober is chronicled the death of Editor Hutchinson's father, aged 8ii years; while the Western Apiary for that month mourns the death of Mrs. C. H. Gordon, wife of the editor. The Bee-keeper condoles with Brothers Hutchinson and Gordon in their sorrow. ' It is with feelings of sincere gratitude toward our many readers who, by their contribution, prompt remittances, kind words to our- selves and others, and in many other ways, have aided us in oui- earnest effort to give them an interesting and instructive bee- paper, that the publishers and the editor of The American Bee- keeper join in extending to each and every one their best wishes for a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. Mr. Will Ward Mitchell, who has long been associated with the Pro- gressire Bti-kceper, has assumed the role of editor of that journal. Mr. Mitchell, during the occasional temporary absence of Editor Leahy, has in the past demonstrated his ability in the line of his new work, cind while we regret the retirement of Mr. Leahy from the editorial chair of our esteemed contempor- ary, we wish and bespeak for his successor great- success. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 233 0. O. POPPLETON. Of the beacon lights of American bee-keeping but few shine more brilliantly than Mr. O. O. Poppie- ton, wliose portrait we are pleased to be able to present in this num- ber; and those "few" only by rea- son of their more extensive writ- ings. Mr. Popple ton is one of the very few with whom honey producing has been a successful and life-long specialty. He has operated quite extensively in Iowa, Cuba and Florida; being at present one of the largest producers of extracted honey in the latter state. The "Long Ideal" is his favorite hive, and is used exclusively. His nap- tha launch; "Thelma, "' is a com- modious transport, built especially for his bee-keeping work, and is a well-known craft along the east coast of Florida. The solar wax- extractor, now so commonly in use throughout the world, is a product of his ingenious mind. Mr. Poppleton is a veritable cyclopaedia of apicultural know- ledge, an accomplished though modest conversationalist and a gentleman whom to know is to esteem most highly; The portrait herewith presented is his latest and best; having been taken in Septem- ber last while on his trip to the National Convention of Bee-keepers at Chicago. If you live in "York State" you should look up the places and dates of the Bee-keepers' Institutes to be held therein this month. One of the time-saving kinks with certain bee-keepers has been to have ready and introduce a vir- gin queen at the time of removing the old queen from the hive, in- stead of giving a cell. Mr. Popple- ton has found that young queens having; been thus cag^ed and intro- duced will not begin to lay nearly so soon as those permitted to emerge from the cell directly among the bees. This being the case, there is instead of a saving a loss of time resulting from the practice. In providing a queen for a queen- less colony, a very common prac- tice is to give it a frame of young larvae or esrgrs. Our amateur friends who have been in the habit of thus treating queenlessness should know that the plan, as ordinarily prac- ticed, is conducive to degeneracy. The primary requisite to the pro- duction of good queens, is the presence of an abundant supply of young bees, to feed and care for the larval queen. Several frames of hatching brood should be given the colony a few days previous to giving the eggs from which it is desired to rear a queen; unless, perchance, the colony has not been queenless a sufficient length of time to lose its nurse-bees. The season of the year when the eyes of the world appear to be trained on Florida, has returned. The volume of inpouring letters re- questing information in regard to bee-keeping advantages of the state, are sometimes more than we can handle. Very many of those who ask for detailed infc>rmation are not even subscribers to The Bee-keeper. To grant all re- quests, as we should be pleased to do, would necessitate a private secretary and a couple of steno- grapers. Subscribers need not hesitate to propound any and all the queries they feel inclined; and if we ai'e unable to keep up with them by private correspondence, we shall endeavor to give informa- tion of general interest through 234 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER December the columns of The Bee-keeper re- garding this or any other country of which we may have some knowledge. The attention of New York state bee-keepers is invited to the notice, published elsewhere in this number, of the Bee-keepers' Institutes to be held this month in Batavia, Canan- daigua, Romulus. Auburn and Johnstown. Every effort has beai made to have this series of insti- tutes very instructive and enter- tain incr, iT.nd it is earnestly desired that atl interested in the wellfare of the pursuit shall lend interest and encouragement by their attendance, when possible. We understand that the list of interesting speakers booked to address the meetings in- cludes the name of W. Z. Hutchin- son, Flint, Mich. In the November number (page 214) we propound four questions, offering one dollar for the first cor- rect solution. This was done with a view to enciting research and the exercise of thought on the part of our amateur readers. At this writing, November 21, several re- sponses have been received; but the dollar still rests impatiently in the pigeon-hole, for the want of correct answers. Instead of offering a new problem this month, we have decided to give oui- readers another chance at the old one. Profes- sional bee-keepers are not to par- ticipate in the competitions for these prizes. We should be pleased to have our amateur friends re- spond freely; and judging by the evident ability of some of those who have already replied, we be- lieve it will be an easy matter for them to pick up several dollars during the coming year. That there is a great difference in the queen progeny of mothers in regard to the length of time be- tween batching and mating, is a point upon which we do not remem- ber to have heard any comment. As a result of some observation, it has been demonstrated that the daughters of one mother became laying queens in from eight to twelve days, while, in the same yard, at the same season, virgins bred from a very desirable mother did not become fertilized under fif- teen to twenty days. Continued breeding from these two queens for several months during the past season proved beyond question, to our mind, that this is a trait very distinctly marked, and an inherent disposition in certain stock. It just appears to be a case of "I'm so shy" on the part of this particu- lar family of fair misses. A most commendable trait of character, in some instances, indeed; yet, not altogether desirable in queen bees — especially when one is behind on his orders. AN AMATEUR DEPARTMENT. Again we are requested to intro- duce an exclusively amateur de- partment, by two of our readers. Again we reply : If our amateur friends will come to the front, and by their contributions and interest support such a department, we shall be pleased to give them space. We are in receipt of some matter at this writing which we shall probably use as a beginning next month; and we cordially invite our amateur friends to gather around the ".-Vmateur Table" and assist in making this department one of the most interesting. We solicit questions upon any and all matters relating to bee-keeping; which will be published, and the other members of the amateur circle permitted to reply to these questions. When a question is re- 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 235 ceived which may be regarded by the editor as being particularly dif- ficult, a cash prize will be offered by him for a correct solution. It is a fact which we regi'et, but of which we have ample evidence, that many who are capable of writ- ing: something of interest, hesitate to do so simply because of the fact that they have had no experience in writing for publication, and be- lieve that their letters would there- fore not be acceptable. To such we would say: Try, just once, and observe the result. Some who have done so during the past year have been surprised — not only to read their communications in print — but to receive a money order from the editor, with his sincere thanks for their interest. The loss of young queens at- tributed to various causes by inex- perienced bee-keepers, is thought by Mr. Quirin to result from a lack of unsealed brood in the hive. He seems very confidant of the neces- sity of a supply of unsealed brood during the time between introduc- ing and mating. We take the liberty of quoting an interesting paragraph from a recent letter received from him on this point. "We will sup- pose that fifty queens are given to nuclei having but little or no un- sealed brood. If no honey is com- ing in, at least half of the queens will be lost; and if all the brood is sealed and a good share of it hatched, more than three-fourths of the queens will be missing, and a good share will be crippled. Some may also be drone-layers. This loss is caused by the bees, as they, having all their brood sealed, with no honey coming in, are, as a rule, idle and consequently irritable. Their irritable mood is vented on the queen. In such cases the queen will fly from the hive and not return; and may occasionally be found flitting hither and thither in a forlorn condition, rather than to return to the hive and be stung to death." Mr. Quirin's long and extensive experience commands consideration, and such notes are always accepted with gratitude by The Bee-keeper. The thought of one person publicly expressed be- gets other thoughts in the minds of many of his readers, aiid in this way the chain is continued in- definitely, with the result that we may all constantly exercise our minds in the consideration of a pleasant subject, and new facts are likewise constantly becoming estab- lished. Now, we should like to know why, in the artificial manipu- lation of this process of exchanging queens, it is that the presence of un- sealed brood is so essential, when, in natural swarming, the condi- tions are so different — there being ordinarily, no unsealed brood in the hive at such a time, as a necessary result of the laying queen having taken her departure several days previous. If the lack of nectar supply is the cause, will light feed- ing within the hive yield the same desirable result as the presence of unsealed brood? We do not think we have lost a single queen in our limited experience, from the cause mentioned and have never given the matter of unsealed brood a thought, even when the nectar sup- ply has been light; though we some- times feed carefully. NEW YORK STATE BEE-KEEPERS. New York Bee-keepers' Institutes will be held as follows: Batavia, December 12th; Canandaigua, December 13th and 14th; Romulus, December 15th; Auburn, December 17th; Johnstown, December 18th. Bee-keepers living in the vicin- ity of these institutes are urged to attend and take an active part in the proceedings. 336 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER December LITERARY NOTES. THK IKL U. UIC'KS 1!I01 ALMANACK Whatever may be said of the scientific causes upon wliich the Hev. Irl K. Hicks bases his yearly forecasts of storm and weather, it is a remarliable fact that specilic warnings of every great storm, flood, colli wave or drouth, have been plainly printed in his now famous Almanac for many years. The latest startling proof of this fact was the destruction of Galveston, Texas, on the very day named by Prof. Hicks in his lilOO Almanac, as one of disaster by storm along the gulf coasts. The 1901 Almanac, by far the finest, most complete and beautiful yet published, is now ready. This remarkable book of near two hundred pages, splendidly illustrated with charts and half-tone e igravin^s, g03s as a premium to every subscril)er wiio pays one dollar a year for Prof. Hicks' jour- nal, vVord and Works. The Almanac alone is sent prepaid for only twenty-five cents. Order from Word and VV^orks Publishing Company, 2201 Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo. We have just received from the publishers, Wil- mer Atkinson Co.. Philadelphia, Biegle Pet Book Number Seven of the Biggie Farm Library. This book has been prepard especially for young people, but will interest everybody. Naturally the greater part of the book is devoted to those almost uni- versal pets and companions of men — the dog and cat. Particularly interestin'.; chapters are devoted to shepherd dogs and their training for field and farm work. But little attention has been paid to the sporting side of dog life. Other chapters are devoted to rabbits, guinea pigs, squirrels, pigeons, bantams, canary birds, ponies goats and other pets. The illustrations are of the kind which really illustrate, nearly all of them having been made from photographs of the animals themselves. There are one hundred and thirty illustrations in all, the book contains one hundred and forty-four pages pirinted on coated paper with good clear type, and handsomely bound. The price is fifty cents by mail. UNCLE TOM'S CABIN. A southern plantation containing the original cabin of "Uncle Tom" is designed as an attraction of great interest in the Midway at the Pan-Ameri- can Exposition next summer. This old relic is the property of the Shelby family, who are loaning it for the occasion. The Old Plantation will repre- sent the better side of southern life as it existed before the war. A spacious mansion, cabins for the slaves, cotton fields with the necessary culti- vating tools and picker's outfit, grinding mills showing how the slaves prepared their meal, in fact everything that properly belonged to a well- regulated southern plantation of fifty years ago. Singing before the cabin door according to tradi- tion by happy, careless negroes will form a pleas- ant and attractive feature of tliis interesting con- cession. Old plantation songs accompanied by skillfull musicians who have thoroughly mastered the banjo, neverfail to please an audience under any circumstances. \\ ith the proper old-time set- ting, which only natural surroundings can give, the interest will be greatly augmented. THE NOVEiMBEK AMERICAN BOT. The thirty-two profusely illustrated pages of the November American Boy are full of stories, his- tory, science and sport, for boys. As usual, the matter is clean, inspiring and helpful to the grow- ing and ambitions boy. The stories are: Weall's Deer; Three Boys in the Mountains; Jack Holli- day — the Boy Who Told Tall Stories; Cruise of the Yacht (iazelle; The Beerli<-k Christian P^ndeavor Society. Other titles of interest are: Joining a College Fraterhity; VVendall Phillips; Boy Singers; Novem- ber in History; Hints About Football; How a Western Boy " Got His Start in Life; The First Thanksgiving Dinner: Something About the Post- office; Squirrels and a Squirrel Hunt; Hints on tlie Study of Insects; The Beginner's Guide to Stamp Collecting; Where to Find Stamps; How Boys Make .Money Out of Binding Books; Boys as Photo- graphers and Printers; Boys as Collectors of Stamiis, Coins and Indian Curios; Boys' Exchange, Puzzles, etc. One Dollar per annum. Sprague Publishing Company, Detroit, Mich. The Christmas Ladies' Home Journal offers a superabundance of literary and artistic features in most attractive form. Among its nearly twoscore contributors are Mrs. Lew Wallace, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, Charles Major, William Perrine, Clifford Howard and Elizabeth Lincoln Gould, while A. B. Frost,3 W. L. Taylor, Reginald B. Birch, Henry Hutt, George Gibbs and as many other illustrators supply its pictorial features. Apart from the articles having special holiday timeliness"of interest, the notable features of the Christmas journal include The Innkeeper's Daughter Who Dissolved a President's Cabinet, What May Happen in the Next Hundred Years, Jerusalem as We See It Today; Two Women's Gifts of Twenty-five Millions, The Little Men Play, a dramatization of Louisa M. Alcott's de- lightful story. Where Children See Saint Nick, The Fourteenth Man, Two Christmas Days at Rock F'arm and the Successors of .Mary the First, The Story of a Young Man, and the Blue River Bear Stories, which ara continued. Edward I>ok has a thoughtful article on Christmas celebration, and there are various articles on women's wear, Cliristmas presents and edibles, while various other practical, helpful themes are ably jiresented. By the Cuitis Publishing Company, Philadelphia. One dollar a year; ten cents a year. THE YOUTH'S CO.MPANION IN 1901. The ends of the earth will be laid under tribute for the litOl volume of the Youth's Companion. Statesmen, diplomats, travelers, trappers, men and women of many vocations will contribute to the entertainment of young and old in Companion homes. Theodore Roosevelt will write upon The Essence of Heroism. The secretary of the treas- ury will answer the question. What is Money? Frank T. Bullen, the old sailor who spins fascinat- ing yarns of life at sea, will contribute a story. W. D. Howells will describe the relations between young contributors and editors. Paul Leicester Ford will write about The Man of the Dictionary- Noah vVebster. There is not space here to begin to tell of the good things already provided for readers of the new volume of The Y'outh's Com- panion— interesting, instructive, inspiring — from the pens of famous men and women. Hlustrated Announcement of the IdOl volume and sample copies of the paper sent free to any address. All new subscribers who send in their subscrip- tions now will receive not only the fifty-two issues of The Com|)anion for 1901, but also all the issues for the remaining weeks of 1900 free from the time of subscription, besides the beautiful Puritan Girl Calendar for 1901, lithographed in twelve colors and gold. The Youth's Companion, Boston, Mass. THK LIGHT OK THE WORLD, Olf OUB SAVIOU IN ART. Cost nearly one hundred thousand dollars to produce. Contains nearly one hundred full-page engravings of our Savior and His Mother by the world's greatest painters. True copies of the 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 237 greatest masterpieces in the art galleries of Europe. Every picfure is as beautiful as a suurise over the hilltops. Contains de- scription of the paintings, biography of the painters, the uames and locations of the gal- leries in Europe where tlie originals may be seen. Also contains a child's department, including a Child's Story of the Christ and His Mother, beauti- fully written to fit each picture. Tliis wonderful book, matchless in its purity and beauty, appeals to every mother's heart, and in every (Uiristiau home where there are children tlieboo'it sells itself. Christian men and women are making money rapidly taking orders. A Christian man or woman can in this community soon make one thousand dollars takinc; orders for Christmas pres.mts. i\lrs. \\'aite, our agent in Massachusetts, has saUl over three i.housand dollars worth of books in a very short time. Mrs. Sackett, our agent in New York, has sold over one thousand and fivj liuniired dol- lars worth of the books in a very short time The book is printeil on velvet-linished jiaper, heauti- fuUy bound in cardinal red and I'olrl and adorned with golden roses and lilies. It is, without doubl, the most beautiful book of the century. Write for terms quickly and get the management of thatter- ritory. You can work on salary or commission, and when you prove your success we will promote you to the position of manager and correspondent, at a permanent salary, to devote your time to attending to agents and the correspondence. Wanted also a state manager to have charge of office in leading city of the state and manage all the business of the state. Send for terms. Ad- dress—The Kritish-Amoriean Co., Corcoran Build- ing,opposite United States Treasury, Wasliingtou, 1). C. Honey and Beeswax Market. Below we give the latest and most authentic re- P'^rt of the Honey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: WASHINGTO.X GUADING KULES. > F.\KCV. — All sections to be well liUed, combs straight, ot even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides: both wood and comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed ex- cept the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be "Fancy white ' "No. 1. dark,'' etc. New Yc)iir<.. Nov. T. WOO.— The recent heavy ar- rivals of Western honey luis caused the prices to ease off considerably. We quote as follows, in 1-lb sjctions: Fancy white, Id&IGc ; No. 1 white, 14(.i loc; No. 2 white, 12' 1.3c.; mixed; lOSai: buck- wheat, lUc. ; buckwheat extracted, .ij-ac. Boeewax, 27®2Sc. Nov. 20. — Receipts of comb and extracted honey are rather light at present, with but little demand. FiiAxcis II. Leggett & Co. CiiiCA(;u, Nov. 17. — We have a fair demand for best grades of white comb and extracted honey but supply of fancy comb is short. Price, fancy comb, 15(n)lfic.; extracted, white. T^SS. Good demand for beeswax; apiary run taken on arrival at 28c. Supply is insufficient. Prices on all kinds of honey higher, unless it is dark and mixed colored comb and buckwheat extracted, li. A. Bukxett& Co. K.vxsAS City, Mo., Nov. 17.— We report a good demand for all grades of honey with light supply, especially in comb honey. Price for comb, 12® loe. , extracted, 8@i'c. Beeswax is in fair demand at 22ft 28c., with light supply. All report short crop. and indications point to an advance in prices before another crop. W.R.Cromwele PKODtrcE Co. Boston, Nov. 19. — We have an ample supply of honey with fair demand. Price of comb. Low 17c.; extracted, 7@8c. The demand for beeswax is light and supply the same at 25(3 27c. Blake, Scott & Lee. Buffalo, Nov. Ifi. — High prices, moderate de- mand and ample sux'ply is our present report. Price of fancy comb, 17® 18c.; extracted, 7(3i8c. Fancy beeswa.x is in fair demand with light supply. Price for fancy, 28® 30c. Sales rather slow at present, doubtless owing to the extreme high prices in all grades of honey. Batterson & Co. BEES STAMPEDE A FUNERAL. According to a special to tlip Philadel- phia North. Aineric in, of August 9: As the hearse containing the body of James Bracken, formerly of New Albany was driven into the Rural Cemetery, near Bradford, Harrison County, Ind., one of the horses attached to it trod on a huge nest of bumble bees. For a few minutes there was a lively scene. The angry bees swarmed from the nest and attacked everything and everybody in sight. They stung the driver of the hearse until he was blinded and fled; they attacked the pall-bearers around the vehicle and drove them away; the widow and mourners in the carriages following were victims of the insects' activity; the attending minister was stung by two of the bees and many of the attending friends were promptly driven from the enclosure. The horses attaciied to the hearse were the first to feel the vengeance of the bees, and were stung so badly that they ran away, but were causht just as the hearse and coffin were about to be overturned. After a vigorous fight that lasted a half hour the bees were driven away, the coffin tak('n from the hearse and the body laid to rest. SWARMED ON HIS HEAD. A special to the Philadelphia Puhlic Ledger, from Shippensburg, Pa., stated that on August 12, while T. M. Goetz was picking peaches, a swarm of bees alighted on his head and face, stinging him terribly. In a short time his face swelled to alarming proportions. 238 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER December The Southern Farmer, Athens, Georgia. The Leading AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL of the South. No Farmer, Fruit Grower, vStock- raiser, Poultrymun, Dairyman or even Housewife can afford to be without this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on appli- cation. Advertising Rates Reasonable Horticultural Visitor^ Kinmundy, His., conducted by a practical horticulturist. Read by active fruit and vegetable growers. Old subscribers say they find more practical know- ledge in this Journal than t hey do in any other. Hend for a free sample copy and see for yourself. w "B Send for Price List of llursery Stocic to PARK NURSERY, KINMUNDY, ILL. Bstablished in 1883. See low prices before buying. ll-6t SHINE! The Empire Washer Company, Jamestown, N.Y. make a Shine Cabinet, furnished with foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe rubber — in fact, all articles and materials needed to keep shoes looking their best — and as it is made to be fastened to the wall of toilet room or kitchen, it does away with the vexatious searching after these articles which is altogether too common. A postal will bring yon details of this and other good things. Buffalo Review. Live Stock, Produce and Horse Interests. TELEGRAI'H SERVICE. Oflicial paper of East BuiTalo Stock Yards. Best Agricultural Advertising Medium. Subscription ^'l- per annuiu. Buffalo Review Co., Publishers, Buffalo, N.Y. THE IRRIGATION AGE. Is the pioneer journal of its kind in the world, and is devoted to ad- vancing the Irrigation Industry and Western resources. Irrigation is one of the leading issues of the day and you should be posted on what is being accomplished. Published by J. E. FORREST, 916 West Harrison St., Chicago, 111. $1.00 a year. Send for sample copy. IS a luxury A BATH when UMPIRE taken in an ^ Portable Folding BATH TUB. L'sed in any room. AgKNT.S W'A.NTEI) Catalogue Free. , The empire WASHER CO., Jamebtown,n.y. lf)00 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 239 If you are in- t e r e sted in sheep and the breeding of early lambs, try the Dorsets. If you wish further informa- tion send for a copy of the Dorset Courier, published monthly. Address Courier, i,.(it Washington, Pa. Record your Poland Chinas in The Central Poland China Record. RULES Ere. FREE on application. W. H. Morris, Sec'y, Indiauapolis, lod. Record your Berkshires in The National Berkshire Record. RULES ETC. FREE on application. E. K. Morris, Sec'y, Indianapolis, Ind. RULES ETC. FREE on application. W. H. Morris, Sec'y, Indianapolis, [nd Subscribe for the Swine Breeders' Semi-monthly. 50 cents a year. Morris Printing Co., Journal. Sample Copy Free. DiREG FROM PRODUCER. Publishers, Indianapolis, Ind. EVERYTHIH ONSAWyWMOMi obJOBBERtoCQNSUMlB FO^KlfBODY puASE MtNTioN js (jREAT OR SMALL ^ "^"'* •'*'*'» WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. ENCLOSE 10 CTS.TO HELP PkY POSTAGE When writing to advertisers say: "I saw your adv't in The Americax Bee-kebpeb." Record your Chester Whites in The Standard Chester White Record. The Fanciers' Keview, CHatHam, N.Y. Fifty cents a year, including any one poultry book nam- ed below, FREE. Review alone, 35c. a year. .500 Questions and Answers on Poultry Keeping 5c. Low Cost Poultry Houses (plans) 5c. Art of Poultry Breeding (J. H. Davis) 25o. The Hen Business from A to Z (Mrs. May Taylor) 25c. Uncle 'Uastus on Poultry (J. H. Davis) 25c. ;{00 Pigeon Queries Answered 25c. Belgian Hare Breeding, new book 25c. 11-tit HOMES in OLD VIEGIFIA It is gi^aduaily brought to light that the civil war has made great changes, freed the slaves, and in consequence has made the large land owners poor and finally freed the land from the original holders who Avould not sell until they were compelled to do so. There are some of the finest lands in the market at very low prices, lands that produce all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits, and berries; fine for stock. You find green truck patches, such as cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale, spinach, etc., growing all the win- ter. The climate is the best all the year around to- be found, not too cold nor too warm. Good water. Healthful. Railroads running in every direction. If you desire to know all about Virgir ia send 10c. for three months subscription of the VIRGINIA FARMER to ii.yt FARMER CO., Emporia, Va. The finest line of Wooden Advertising Novelties, such as Thermometers, Match Safes, Rulers, Yard- sticks, etc. made in the world, is the line manufac- tured by The American Mfg. Concern. .Jamestown, N.Y. 'AO THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER December Free Sample Copy TIPPECANOE FARMEE, Semi-monthly, Only 25 cents per year. The best farm paper for the money published in the West. Large circulation. Advertising rates reasonable. TIPPECANOE FARMER CO., Lafayette, Ind. F. M. Smith, Editor. j^.et $ Money in $ Poultry. There is much money in raising poultry if properly attended to. Learn how to do it right, get the experience of successful breeders and find a sure way to become independent, by subscribing for Poultry Culture, the best edited and most up-to-date poul- try magazine in America. Price only SO cents a year. Address Poultry Culture Co., ll-6t Kansas City, Mo. "^"^ ROYAL TEMPLARS. A beneficiary association. Its grade of payments scientific and safe. Both sexes received in perfect equality. You get just what you pay for, and only pay for what you get. Organized 1870. Emergency fund maintained. E.xpense of management low. Claims paid without expense to beneficiary. Send for information. General oflTice, Itf Masonic Building, Buffalo, N.Y. NEW LIFE TEA ALWAYS CURES CONSTIPATION, INDIGE5TION, SICK HEADACHE, And imparts new life to the whole system. At all druggists and dealers, 25c, or sent by mail, if your dealer will not supply you. Address, LANQHAfl riED. CO., LE ROY, N. Y. Dairymen, Milk Dealers and Creamerymen. If you want a paper wholly devoted to your in- terests subscribe for the Milk Reporter. Every issue contains only Official Statis- tics pertaining to the. milk market, including jirices, amount carried by different railroad lines and an endless collection of facts and figures. Also special features of the trade, notes and com- ments on recent events pertaining to the business, and in every issue will be yaluable instructions or suggestions which will prove an aid to those inter- ested in the products of the dairy from any point of view. Order sample copy and address all communica- tions to The Milk Reporter, (;t Deckei'town, N. J. The Fruit Growers' Journal, is a six column, eigiit-pagc j(>urii:il,.pub- lislicd monthly, at Cobdcn, lilinoLs, The Fruit Growing Center of the West. It is ail all-arouiid liorticultural, agri- cultural journal, and is denoted largely to transportation and markets. Agkm's Wanted. Send two cents tor sample copy. ]2-6t This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others would notice YOUKadvt. in Thk Am. Kee-kkei»ek. Grand Clubbing OfTers. SAMPLECOMBINATIONS. Raj ular Price. 0 ur Price CHeaniDgs, Review of Keviens (new), MtC'lure, and Success . . - . $550 #3 50 " '• " ■■ ■ and Cosmopolitan - - - 0 50 3 60 '• " " Pearsons, and Cosmopolitan - - - 5 uO 3 25 Success. McCliire and Cosmopolicau 4 00 2 75 Pearsons and McC.iire 4 00 2 75 " •■ Cosmopolitan and Pearsons 4 dO 2 50 tinrt Cosmopolitan - - 3 (10 2 00 and Cearsons 3 00 2 00 and McUlures 3 00 2 25 and Muiisevs - - 3 00 2 25 andSiicci'SS - ' 2 00 150 and Cosmoixditan - 2 00 1 50 and Peiirsoas ----- 2 00 1 50 and 'Aouiaii^ Horn ■ < lat'on now. ''he Woman's Magazing contains each month two serials- two short stories— ' Other Women," an interesting iiage written by one of the brightesl writers in the land. Departments treating on all home matters, including "Personal Talks with Girls " Roman's Magazine, 112 leirborn St.,Cliicasi). Tl}e Perfected Von Culir) INCUBATOR i.s known prett_\ well all over the i^uuiitry and has never failed to prove satisfactury when handled by a person of intelligence and with ordinary attention. We guar- antee them to be satisfactory or you needn't pay for theiii. Wliat's more fair tlian this offer,. and doesn't it show that we mean what we say as to its merits? Send for catalogue. The W. T. FALCONER MFC. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.. Jdincxtawii. N.Y. for PERFECT BEE SUPPLIES. Are you interested in the South? The Tri-State Farmer and Gardener, published in Chattaiioo{-a,'renn., is the leading exponent of Southern farm interests. It is edited by the best and most practical farm writers in the South. Subscription price is 50 cents a year. To anyone sending us 25 cents and mentioning this paper, we will send our paper for one year. Sample copy sent upon application. .■Vddress: Tri-State Farmer & Gardener, il-Gt Chattanooga, Tenn Bee-keepers who also raise Poultry should not fail to read the Practical Poultryman. It is thoroughly reliable, al- ways interesting and practi- cal, and each issue is worth a year's subscription. Sample copy for the asking. Advertising in it pays, be- cause it reaches buyers. PRINTING FOR FANCIERS our specialty. Everybody suiteil witli our work and pleased with our low jiiices. Saniple.s and price list free. Address, Practical Poultryman, Il-Gt Whitney Point, N.Y. NEVER NEGLECT A GOLD OR COUGH Nejriect a Cold or Cou^ih and if La (iriope don'l i^et yon. Consuniplion will CrsHMAN'S INHALKR cures. colds and all diseases of the hrentli- way |>;iss;i!jes. Yon losedoll.T s In d(|>roacli. If von Oiin't L-Pi it nt nriicirlsis «<>n(l for It. ' ity mail," .lO cpnls. Seiirt for Bonl; nil .Mpntlinl, free. '.-18II.1IAN ItltUOi'O., VINCKN.NKS, I.NU., U. 8. A. tf DO YOUR HENS PAY? This woman understands her business, 10 Dozen Eggs at 36c. per dozen from 180 hens in one day. That Egg Basket tells the story. Ten Dozen at jfie. per doz. in one day foi m 180 hens Our New i5ook"||eli»f, lor Poiiltrv Keepers 'tells ho« , t x|>lains w lij so many fail and so It w succeed. A Book we can commend with a good conscience as aGRKAT HELP to all Poultry Keepers young or old. Describes 60 varieties of to wis, well illustrated, and contains a Poultiy Keepers Account .showing gain or loss monthly ;on heavy paper worth 2.5 els. This Book Free with our Poultry Paper one year for 35c. or Book free with paper 3 months for JOc. Descriptive circulars Free tor stamp to pay po.stage. Wayside Poultry Co., Clintonville, Conn. SPECIAL OFFER. While the regular subst'ription price for THE MACIC CITY HOOF AND HORN, a weekly Price Current, Live Stock, Farm and Fireside paper, will remain at One Dollar per year yet, in order to more than double our present cir- culation, we have determined, for a brief period, to allow all of our present subscribers to renew their subscriptions by sending the name of anew subscriber with their own for one dollar, thus get- ting two papers for one year for one dollar. And to all who remit at once we will give, free, a copy of B. J. Kendall's Perfected Receipt Book and a copy of The Magic City Hoof and Horn's Statistical and Ilistoiical Review of the Magic City. Two or more new subscribers at the same time will be taken at the same rate. This is below the actual cost of the paper, but we are willing to make the low offer in order to increase our list. Allbery Printing Company, n-«t South Omaha, Nebr. 'i'tc) nur great Poultry, Aaiieiiltnral and Home Pa]:er. )) Address Poultry and Faim, Box 672, Baltimore, ild. Meutioii American Bee-keeper when writing. "Ad" Free. An Investment. We wish to push our circulation over the 10,000 luark and to do this give awa.y advertisements. For a Silver Quarter, }'aper oi e year and 20 word ad. in our popular Breeder's Column for two months Poultry and Belgian Hares our subject. Ever Hear of the Like? Take it in now for it won't always last. Address Fanciers' Guide, Montpelier, Ind. formerly American Pet Stock Journal, but much (fnlarged. Uare Book. 2oc. extra. ll-tit ^ Boys and Girls 4 wanted to get subscribers for the Poultry, Bee & Fruit Journal. A monthly journal that every poultry man, fruit grower, bee-keeper or farmer needs. It is 3ac. per year. You get it for 25c. and so make 10c. on each sub- scriber you get. Yon keep your com- mission out before sending money to us. TO HELP YOU we will give a choice of ;50c. worth of books from our list of good ICc. books in our paper to each subscriber you get. liO cents worth of good read- ing and our ;!,')C. monthly journal all for 35c. Send at once and be the first in your locality. Address Poultry, Bee and Fruit Journal, Davenport, Iowa. -> Men and Women ^ ^^"'^ Queens. Late Our strain of Italians we believe to be unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our location being farther South than that of any other breeder in the United Slates, we can ship queens any day in the year. No disease. Untested queens ll.oo each. Special prices quoted on special queens, and on quantities. We guarantee safe delivery of queens to all parts. Our mating grounds are situated 2^ miles from the mainland, on an island. SOUTHERN BEE COMPANY, Port Pierce, Indian River, H. E. Hill, Mgr. Fla., U. S. A. 12tf "Rome was not built in a day," neither was our reputation. Bee-keepers' Supplies, well and accurately made, of the very best and soundest materials; such goods as have gained for us a name and standing second to none, are manufactured and for sale by The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.. Jamestown, N.Y. You've heard of us. LAR SCIENCE Or POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS. Recent Progress in the Sciences, Hygiene, Health, Etc. Founded in 1866 by the late Dr. James K. Nichols as tlie Boston Journal Of Chemistry au** now comprising Hall's Joumal Of Health- ii'Stablished in 1S54 as a Department. POPULAR SCIENCE (news, etc.) an Illustrated Monthly Magazine, is the Oldest. Leading, Most Infliiental. Prominent and Popular journal of its kind in the eountry. Subscription, $2,00 per year. In advance, $1. 60. This Magazine is exactly what its name Implies Scientific and yet very Popular. It is of great interest to all Students and Lovers of the Natural Sciences, Hygiene, Healtli, Etc. - PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED. FREE FROM TECHNICALITIES. This I'opular montlily contains a large number of short, jiractical and interesting articles on Natuue Study, luventioa, Archaeology, Electricity, Botany, Mineralogy, Astronomy, Entomology, Photography, Microscopy. Chemistry, Hygiene. Sanitation. Health, etc. It is very dilferent from, and much Superior to othar publicatioas witii similar nam?s. Is the Oldest and most e.Ytensively circulated Nature study and Popular Science publication in the United States. Has recently been considerably enlarged and much imi)roved. tWf^fcntinii tli'iK puhJicfttiiin for a smiiplc copy. i^'^Trhil Siil)..( 0 to $UiO.UU each, and tlie^e anim.Tla are easy to raisa. Bcloiau Hares m.ay be raised la an atlic or cellar. or sm.iUcity backyard without dimciiUv. They breed from tea to twelve at a time, six tlinos a year, and sell for seeming! vfnbulous prices, and service olonefroma good bickisyvonh $:;5 Ul. L;i'';e profits are easily and quickly mnde by tliose who begin now. Send no money, simply act atonce, write us to day and be oneof those to pet aflneS.ng Bird or Parrot with cage, a be;unlful pair of Genuine Angora Cats, a complelo Aquarium with fish, shells and pb;nts. Give Ihe name of your nearest exoressofiico and say whatanirnaloraqu.irlum you want and It will be sent exactly acccrding to our ofTer. We pay ex- press charges. This adv.-rtisement menns exactly what It savsand is Rtiniily an enterprising plan to InereaseoMrbuslnessc^ipMcily. AddressliKPf i;,, ANSr.'JAL WORLD, ^'la West 23(1 St., New York. AGENTS Wanted ''washin You can double your uioijey evm-j time you aell one and thoy spII easily. \V(; liavc .sold over 1.50,000 in the la.st fonrtHen years. They arc clicapcr tliaii ever, ("ataloj^iic Free. The Empire Washkr Co., JameHtown, N.Y. BEIGfAN HARE BREEDERS* AND AMATUERS' GUIDE. Aa UD to-date, progressive, new.sy, illustrated iiiotuhly magazine, dev^^ted disiiuctivtly to the Belgian hare indu.stry. C)ri^inal ai tides each mouth by the best rf cognized authority on Bel- gian hare culture ; treating in a practical way ih'ir breeding, iii:inagenieiit 8nd eveiy phase of this profitable and interesting industry. THE LEADING JOURNAL OF ITS KIND. fient six months on irial for -?5 cents. Single vDpics 5 cents, ^-idilrcsf; THE RABBSTRY PUBLISHING COMPANY INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. g Machines. The MANUFACTURING PLANT of THE W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO. ^^ WE are quite sure that the view of our factory wliicli we give on tlie preceding page will be of interest to many of our read- ers and especially those whom we have the pleasure of counting among our customers. We regret that the illustration does not show our works in their entirity, but one can get a fair idea of their size even from this, and next month, or in an early issue, we will give a view taken from the opposite side of the main factory. We have made many additions and improvements during the past few years, so that those of our friends who may have visited us a few years ago would hardly recognize the place now. Our manufactory is 230 feet long, with large additions 50x100 feet besides, and all are three and four stories high. Then there are our stables, dry kilns, saw mill, tin shop, wax foundation factory, storehouses and office, each in en- tirely separate buildings. Alto- o-ether the buildings alone cover about an acre of land, while th- lumber in our yards covers at lea^ five acres. Our mechanical depari ment is especially equipped fc making bee-keepers' supplies in tlu most economical and finished num ner, many of our best and most e> pensive machines having been ii; vented by us and built right in oui factory. We have been in this liin of business, as many of our readci- know, for more than sixteen year- and of course have a knowledge o the business gained by experience a knowledge that benefits our cu- tomers more than we can here explain. PATEltS fiUARANTEID Our fee returned if we fail. Any one sendtog sketch and .'i'^«^"P'«'° f „y invention will promptly receive our opinion free — J*^ P^ ™^|, aMity of same. "How to obtain a patent " sent upon request. Patents eecuredtbrough us advertised for sale at oA- expense. M pI ents tak'en out through us receive ,pec,al noHce^ ^^^o.i charge m The Patbnt-Regord, an illustrated and widely circulated journal, consulted by Manufacturers and Investors. Send for sample (-.ipy FREE. Address, V§€T0R Ja EWMMS & CO., {Patent Attorneys,) Beeswax wanted We will pay 26 cents cash or 28 sents in goods for good quality of Beeswax, freight paid to FALCON- ER, N.Y. If you have any, ship itto js at once. I Pi-ipus subject to cliange without notice] rhe W. T. Falconer Mfa:. Co. EGGS GN WINTER Arei-a^ly u'itainc'i nii^ior ii:ht .-onaitiuiis aa.l iMcr nitoiiiiun. Siibsorihi? for our (jciulirv jmiirr 1 learn liou-. 25 cts. a year. Samplu enpy fre". THE POIXTRY ITEM, P.ox 190, Fkicks, Pa.' Norfolk.Ya, For papers, maps. facts and tigurcs. send to A. Jeffers. Norfolk, Va. 2-13 BEE SUPPLIES from LEWIS 'J'hey are the finest. THOUSANDS OF BEE HIVES, MILLIONS OF SECTIONS, Ready for Prompt Shipment. G- B- LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis.. — =— — — i' II. S. A. Branch: G. B. LEWIS CO., 19 So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every xEw sh'Bscriber sending $1.00 for the weekly American Bee Journal for one year will receive a copy of Newman's 160 page "Bses and Honey" free. The old American Bee Journal is great this year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Joumal free. Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), E'ublished monthly. 20 pages. Subscription oilc. Established l.S!i7. Circulation 5,000. • Devoted exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Iskael, , Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. I I / r~ f I f^ f Do you want some good pure ni=.i-i-\-y. bred POULTRY? We can furnish you ECCS FOR HATCH- ING fiotii fine \\ hite Wonder fowls. It. C. B. Leg- horns. B. P. Kofks. Partriilgo Cocliins: S. L., Gold- en and Black Wyandottes. Toulouse Geese, Itoiien Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want somethim; good send for our illustrated catalogue iind price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, Itf The Eureka Poultry Farm, Established In years. Hamburg, Wis. Dnc of the most Northern poultry farms in the I . S. BEGINNERS. shoiild have a copy of The Amateur Bee-keeper, a 70 page book, by Prof. .). W. Kouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: '"It is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price 24 cents: by mail 28 cents. The little book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, (a live, progressive, 28 page monthly journal,) one year for 6.5c. Apply to any first-class dealer, or address LEAHY MFG- CO., Higgmsvnie.Mo. n* D C" C" Those who contemplate starting I I 1 L^ 1^ • jjj j^jj^ hee-keeping line should correspond with The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO. of Jamestown, N Y. We have had written, by a noted autliority on apicultiiral matters, W. Z. Hutchinson, a treatise on "Successful Bee-keep- ing." Send your name and address, and a two- cent stamp to pay postage, and we will send you a copy of this valuable little pamphlet tree of charge. Anything you may desire to know regarding the best hives and fittings to procure, we will be glud to aid you in. W. M. Gerrisli, East Nottingham. N. [I., iceeps a complete snpply of our o(Ktds. and eastern customers will save freight by (trdering of him. Tjik W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. CLUBBING LIST. Wc will send TilK Ameu;c.4.\ BEK-icKlceKU with tbe PRICE COTH American Bee .lournal 11 (!0 $1 Si Bee-keejiers' Keview 1 00 I ;*.S Canadian Bee .Journal 1 00 1 ,"5 (i leanings ill Bee Culture 1 00 1 'dh .American (^ueen .50 (iO .Modern Culture 100 100 BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS. Every liee-keeiK.'r, and especially if he ha.s not had long experience, should have at least one good text book upon the subject. • The following are doubtless the very best works on bee-keeping. In ordering by mail be sure (o add the amount of j>oslage nameil: Postage Price, extra A B C of Bee Culture (.A. I. Root) , cloth .?! Ofl 20c. Bee-keejiors' (Juide (Prof. A. J. Cook) I 00 1,5c. Langstroth on Honey Bee, rev. (Dadant) 1 10 15c. (iuinby's New Bee-keeping (liuinby) . . 140 10c. Thirty Years .\mong Bees (Alley) 4K 2c. How to Manage Bees (VandrufT) 25 5c Amateur Bee-keeper ( Rouse) 20 nc. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., J.\.ME.ST(»\VN, N.Y. I Lamp of Steady Habits j The lamp that doesn't flare up or smoke, or cause you to use bad language; the lamp that looks good when you get it and stays good; the lamp that you never willingly part with, once you have it ; that's be Hew Rocl)e$ien Other lamps may be offered you as " just as good " — they may be, in some respects, but for all around goodness, there's only one. To make sure the lamp offered you is genuine, look for the name on it ; every New RocSiester lamp has it. We make oil stoves too, just as good as the lamps; in fact, anything in oil or gas fixtures. The Rochester Lamp Co., Park Place and 33 Barclay St., New York. gjuiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiuiitiiuuiuiiitiiiiaiiiiiiiiuuiiiiiiaiiiuimimm^ Patent Wired Oomb Foundation has no Sag in Brood frames. Thin Flat Bottom Foundation Las no Kisli-bone in Surplus Honey. Being tlie cleanest is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made. The talk about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish a Wired Foun- dation that is BETTER. CIIKAPKK and not half the trouble to use that it is to wire brood frames. Circulars and sarajiles free. J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Montgomery County, SruouT BuooK. N.Y. Please mention .A.mkrican Bee-keej'eu. WHEN YOU DROPaDOLLA R it is a good plan to look where it strikes, that you may pick it up again. When you invest a dollar for advertising space in Poultry Pointers, at our special rat*', it is just like dropping a dollar where you can pick uji TWO. \N rite at once for sample copy, special rates and full }iartic\ilars to F'OULvTHY F-OINTEIKS Offioe. ."itf 30(i West Main Street, [onia, Mich. The Nebraska Farm Journal A monthly journal devoted to agricultural interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural pa- per in the west. It circulates in Missouri, Kan.sas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb. UNITED STATES BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. Secretary - Dr. .\. B. Mason. Station 1>. Toledo. Ohio. Genera] Manager ;ind Treasurer Hon. Kugeue Secor, Forest City, la. Among industrial organs, a small paper thai sticks closely to its subject is worth a cartload of the aimless nomads that claim to co 'er the whole liehl. Subscribe now for TnK .\.m. HKK-Kt:i;ri;u. 9|||ft YE.MiLY to c:hristian man § %3%S • *''" wotuan to look after our ^ growing business in their ^ and adjoining counties; to act as Manager @ and Correspondent; work can be done at @ your home. Enclose self-addressed, stamj- q ed envelope for particulars to . ly H. A. Sheh.max, ^ & General Manager. q Corcoran Building, Boys and Girls -f want h1 to get subscribers for the Poultry, Bee & Fruit Journal. A monthly journal that every poultry man, fruit grower, bee-keeper or farmer needs. It is 3.5c. per year. You get it for 25c. and so make 10c. on each sub- scriber you get. Yon keep your com- mission out before sending money to us. TO HELP YOU we will give a choice of 30c. worth of books from our list of good ICc. books in our paper to each, subscriber you get. 30 cents worth of good read- ing and our 35c. monthly journal all for 35c. Send at once and be the first in your locality. Address Poultry, Bee and Fruit Journal, Davenport, Iowa. 4- Men and Women ^ ^Late Queens. Our strain of Italians we believe to be unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our location being farther South than that of any other breeder in the United States, we can ship queens any day in the year. No disease. Untested queens ll.oo each. Special prices quoted on special queens, and on quantities. We guarantee safe delivery of queens to all parts. Our mating grounds are situated 2^2- miles from the mainland, on an island. SOUTHERN BEE COMPANY, Fort Pierce, Indian River, H. E. Hill, Mgr. Fla., U. S. A. 12tf '.( 0 to SH'O.liO each, I and the^e animaU are en^y to raise. Belgian Hares may be raised in an attic or cellar, or small city | back vard without difficultv. They breed from ten to twelve at a time, si.x times a year, and gell for j Beeminglv fabulous prices, and Bcrvko alone from a good bicklswor;h $ri ( 0. Lar-ve pofiis are easily and quickly made bv those wli') bei^ln now. Send no moiK-y, simply act at once, wiito us to day and be oneof those to pet a fine Song Bird or Parrot with cage, a beautiful pair of Genuine Angora Cat 8, a complete Aquarium with fish, shells and pi; ntg. Give the name of your nearest expressoflice and say whataninial oraqunrium you want and it will be sent exactly according to f)ur olTcr. We pay ex- press charges. This advertisement means exactly what It savsand in slniiily an enterprlslUR plan to Increase our business capacity. AddressDKPT 177, ANIMAL WORLD, ^^3 West 23d St., New Vjik. l---.,i U^Jr^-^r^- - L"- ■ -- - '' BEI GUN HARE BREEDERS' AND AMATUERS' GUIDE. An up to-date, progre.ssive, newsy, illustrated Hiontiily magazine, deviated distinctively to the Belgian hare industry. Original articles each month by the be^t recognized authority on Bel- gian hare culture ; tieatiTig in a practical way their breeding, management and every phase of this profitable and interesting industry. THE LEADING JOURNAL OF ITS KIND. fient six montJis'on trial for 25 cents. Siiiglc copu's 5 cents. A cldrcss THE RABBITRY PUBLISHING COMPANY INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. AGENTS Wanted 'wasTlng "Machines. You can double your money every time you sell one and thoy sell easily. We liavo sold over l.')0.0()0 in the last fourteen years. They are cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free. The Empire Washee Co. , Jamestown, N. Y. Grand Clubbing Offers. SAMPLE COMBINATIONS. iiings. Review of Reviews (new), McClure. and Success '■ " " and Cosmopolitan " " Pearsons, and Cosmopolitan Success, McClure and Cosmopolitan . . . . " Pearsons and McClure .... Cosmopolitan, and Pearsons . . . . " anrl Cosmopolitan ------ " and Pearsons .-..-.. Regular Price. Our Price " and McClures '■ and Munseys and Success - - - - and Cosmopolitan and Peiirsons - - - - and \\ omans Horn? Companion $5 50 $3 50 5 50 3 50 5 50 3 25 4 00 2 75 4 00 2 75 4 (JO 2 50 8 (10 2 00 3 00 2 00 3 00 2 25 3 00 2 25 2 00 1 50 2 00 1 5(» 2 00 1 50 2 00 1 50 Christmas Presents. We will send papei's to one or separate addresses as desired. In this way you can easily malre desirable Christ- mas Presents. Other combinations are found in our clubbing list, sent on application. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. Be Our Agent and Make Money Little trouble, no work, and good remuneration. Send L".5 ten two- cent stamps to pay pcstage and we will send you The Woman's Magazine a whole year FREE. Our only condition being that you send us the names and addresses of ten of your lady friends who might become an agent or sub- scriber to the best woman's magazine published. We will mail you our "Easy Agent's Outtit." $10.00 per cay a small average 100,000 paid circu- lation now. The Woman's Magazine contains each month two serials- two short stories—" Other Women." an interesting page written by one of the brightesl writers in the land. Departments treating on all home matters, Including "Personal Talks with Girls " ^Soman's Hagazine, 112 Fearl)oriiSt.,Cliica£o. T\)(2 Perfected Von CuIIq INCUBflTOF^ is kno-wn pretty well all over the country and has never failed to prove satisfactory when handled by a person of intelligence and with ordinary attention. We guar- antee them to be satisfactory or you needn't pay for them. What's more fair than this offer, and doesn't it show that we mean what we say as to its merits? Send for catalogue. The W. T. FALCONER MFC. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. $35 ^^^'^ ^^ Bee-keepers' ^BHv- Supplies FREE! The publishers of The American Bee-keeper will give, absolutely free, Thirty-five Dollars' worth of Sup- plies, which the recipient may select from their 1901 Catalogue. Full particulars upon request. Write at once, if interested. The American Bee-keeper, itf Falconer. N.Y ALUMINUM and Non-metallic LEG BANDS, iri for 15c.; 25, 30c.; 50, .50c.; IdO. iffl.,)0. Speciar prices to dealers. 100 Envelopes 45c.; 250 75c.; .500. fl. 00; 1,000 .1^1.75. (ixO'-j Note Heads, Cards or Shipping Tags same price as envelopes. Send lOc. for six niontlis' trial subscription to AVestern Farm- Big pacliage Lice Killer 50c. ; big pkg. Poultry Compound 5()c. WACLE PUB. CO., Marshall, Mo. PRINTING! Cuts to illustrate. Poultry, 30 pages. i-tit Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. $1.00 a year. Address, CONNECTICUT FARMER, Hartford, Conn tf The American Bee-keeper is the only bee paper publisher) in the East and should be supported by all Eastern bee-keepers, especially those in the Empire State. Send in yonr subscrip- tion?_ — or get u]) a club. PAT m Our fee returned if we fail. Any one sending sketch and description of any invention will promptly receive our opinion free concerning the patent- ability of same. "How to obtain a patent" sent upon request. Patents secured through us advertised for sale at our expense. Patents taken out through us receive special notice^ without charge, in The Patent Record, an illustrated and widely circulated journal, consulted by Manufacturers and Investors. Send for sample copy FREE. Address, VICTOR J. EVANS A CO., {Patent Attorneys,) Ivans Butidingr - WASHINGTON, O, C, Mlt. (i. INI. DOOMTII.E. (See page 0.) Vol. XI JANUARY, 1901 No. 1 UNPAINTED HIVES. BY ARTHUK C. MILLER. MR. DOOLITTLE has for a long time championed nnpainted hives, and has supported his cause with much vigor and persistence. Both on account of his having had so many more years of experience than myself, with many more colonies, and his gen- erally thorough and careful observation, I am somewhat loth to take a position antagonistic to him. For three reasons I object to unpaint- ed hives: First, appearance ; second, economy; third, condition of bees. Generally speaking, unpainted hives go with unpainted buildings, shabby fences, farm implements etc., etc, and I have almost Invariably found that where the hives wei'e unpainted, that man did but indifferently with his bees; in a word, he was "slipshod" in all liis work. (I do not imply that Mr. Doolittle is). W(!ll-painted hives encourage an orderly apiary and that helps to main- tain a spirit of neatness and care in everything pertaining to the business; and if the constant insistence on this by apicultural writers and honey- dealers is any criterion by which to judge, there is certainly need of wider practice of these virtues. As to the economy, I maintain that a coat of thin paint each fall is fas cheaper than a new hive every little while — I cannot say how often, for I gave up the unpainted business before my hives had a chance to deteriorate much. Beside the saving of the hive there is the economy of stores and vital force of the bees; and this brings us to the third phase of the question. Mr. Doolittle's position is that by leaving the pores of the wood open the moisture from the bees will pass out (with mine it o(n.riTi.i;. NOW that we aie in tiie miJst of long winter evening-; it bi'comes till- duty of ail to s])eud thi^se evenings in such a way that tiiey iiuiy be gaining in knowledge along the line of the pursuit they have chosen in life. In no business engagement is this more im- perative than where tlu' cullure of the honey-bet^ is the chosen occupation; and in no way can this be done to any better advantage than in reading the bee- literature of the day. Beside The American Bee-keeper, other papers especially devoted to bee-keeping should be taken and read, and some of the many good bee-books purchased and studied, from which the mind is to be stored with useful knowledge, which can be put into practice as soon as the season of 1901 opens. Wiien I lirst commenced bee-keeping I was greatly benefitted by the writings of L. L. Langstroth, Moses Quinby, E. Gallup. A. I. Root, Adam Grimm and many others of those early writers on this subject; for by their writings I learned my A B C in bee-culture. 1869 was my first year of experience in bee- keeping, by way of putting the things which I had read into practice, and, although a year so poor that those keep- ing bees about me got nothing, I ob- tained twelve pounds of comb-honey and one swarm from the two pur- chased in the spring. The next season I obtained an average of about thirty pounds of surplus from each colony I had in the spring. At the end of the fourth season I chronicled an average of eighty pounds of comb-honey as the surplus for each colony in the spring, and at the end of the eighth year my record was an average yield of 1(56?^ pounds of comb-honey from the sixty- nine colonies of that spring, while the 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER tliroe strongest, in early spring, gave me ;3,)5, 301 and 309 eacli respectively. Diuiiig tiiose eight years I had studied, read and practiced all my wakeful hours ab ut the bees, having keen enjoyment in doing the same: for 1 never spent an hour in ray life in work pertaining to bee-culture without it being a pleasure to n'.e; and this was brought about by those winter evenings when I iirst began to read up on the subject. Hundreds of nights have I lain awake from one to three hours planning how to accomplish some result I desiied to achieve in regard to the practical part of apiculture, which, with the help of what I had read, caused me to accom- plish what I had sought after. I have found that if I would succeed, that, as far as possible, I should read mainly those articles and books which came from the pens of practical bee-keepers, for such were the ones who made a suc- cess of their calling, and told just how they did it. If you wish to learn farm- ing, to whom do you go? to the man whose farm grows up to weeds and bri- ars, or to the man who produces good crops each year '? To the latter, of course ; so you should do in bee-keeping. I know that many of our most prac- tical bee-men do not write for publica- tion, and for this reason we can bring in visiting during the winter, as another help along the line of qualifying our- selves. Then we have our bee-conven- tions, which are held for this special purpose, and while the cost may be con- siderable, yet if we improve the time as we should we can learn more than enough to make that cost good, beside the benelit we derive socially. All of these things are great helps to us, and should be eagerly sought after, as they will be if we have the natural qualilica- tions for the calling which we have chosen. If any person loves something else more than they do to study into bee-keeping, and only do so as a sort of duty, let them be assured that they liave mistaken their calling and the sooner they leave it and go to that wh ch at all times gives them pleasure, the better they will be off, and the better it will be for the world. Borodino, N. Y. THE CELL-STARTING COLONY. A Neat Method of Manipulation Con- cisely Stated. BY "SWABTHMORE." I WISH to briefly outline a method I liave used the past season for cell- getting, which has given me re- markably good results with, very little labor and fuss: Hunt up the queen of a powerful colony and lift her, frame and all, into an upper story; place two empty combs on either side of the one removed and tier the whole above a zinc honey board and allow the hive to stand thus until the brood in the lower half has passed the royal age (twelve days). Late in the afternoon of the twelfth day remove the upper half containing the queen to a new stand at some dis- tance from the old location and allow the bees in the lower half to remain queenless over night. Unless you bestir yourself quite early in the morning place a screen over the entrance of the half containing the queen and put that hive in a cool, shady place; do not re- lease the bees therein contained until the bees in the lower half have been at work on cells for two or three hours. Early the next morning prepare young larvse by your favorite method and place the frame containing them in the middle of the queenless chamber where it should remain undisturbed until the following morning. Now bring back the upper story and place it on top as before, leaving the zinc in place for yet another day. When the cells have been under way thirty-six hours protect them with zinc and divide them among two or three other strong colonies, according to the THE AMEBIC AN BEE-KEEPER Jiiruiari/ number of cells started, for linishing and then return the queen, fi-ames and all, to the hive below and put on the boxes if honey is coming in. If honey has not been coming all the while feed liberally during the entire time stated above and you should have queens equal to the natural swarm kind. Swarthmore, Pa. WHAT TO DO And Things to Think About During the Winter. BY F. GKEINEU. THE months from December to March are the months when we may write about any subject on bees or honey without any fear of being ruled out by the editor. Anything will be seasonable. Now, although th(U'e is scarcely any work we may do in our apiaries, still there is wori< that we can do. It i-s a good plan to get ready for the coming season. But ti)at is not all. Now is the time for bee-lceepers' meejina:s, vis ting neighbors or distant friends engaged in the same pursuit; it is time for reading and for study. lam acquainted with a numb3r of bee- keepers living within few miles of where we hold annual bee-keepers' gatherings, who never attend or participate in any way. I am sure it would be to their interest to do so. Why are they so re- luctant? A bee-keeper may post him- self by reading the bee-journals and the bee-books. He may be so well posted that nobody could teach him any more. He might not think it worth while to spend his time attending such a meeting or become a member of a Bee-keepers" Association, which might cost him fifty cents or possibly a dollar. To such a brother I would say: If we all had felt and acted like that for the years past, would we have a foul brood law. an anti-spray law, anti-adulteration laws, etc.? No indeed! A singh; individual can effect but little; collectively, united, we are a power that can make itself felt. Men in other pursuits form unions for the protection of their 7nutual interests. It would be short sighted- ness if the bee-keepers did not do like- wise. The very name of belonging to a "union'' has some influence and weight sometimes. Two years ago I happened to have some deal with a commission man in Brooklyn. I discovered too late that the man's reputation was not the best and I began to fear I would not be able to get my just dues. As a last re- sort I threatened to put the matter into the hands of a U. S. B. K. Union. A sjDeedy settlement was then made. I never had to call on the National Bee-keepers Association for any assist- ance, but I cheerfully pay my mem heir- ship fee annually as I pay my fire insur- ance premium. I don't expect my buildings will bui'n up, but they may. It costs one dollar annually to be a member of the National Bee-keepers' Association. Our local association charges fifty cents for a similar privi- lege. So for one dollar and fifty cents paid annually I have been a member of two associations for a number of years. The constitution of the National Asso- ciation is now so changed that for one dollar any one may be a member of both associations, providing the local asso- ciation joins in a body and pays fifty cents for each of their members into the trea-jury of the National. It seems to me that all local associations would take advantage of this feature of tlie new constitution. Members of any Bee-keepers' associa- tion are also benefitted in otlier ways. Nearly all publishers of bee-journals grant them a discount of from twenty- five to fifty per cent, on the regular sub- scription price of their bee-papers. In my own case, for instance, I save fully the dollar membership fees in my sub- scriptions alone. Practically, it costs me nothing to be a member of the two associations. 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER In ordor to have good and effective local and state organizations bee-keep- ers slu)nkl give tliein their hearty and substantial support. Thus the ol'iicers, who do all the work gratis, are stimulated to do their best. It is very des-irablc that every bee-keeper attends tiie convention held in his vicinity. If for any reason you cannot be present, it would be some encouragement to those in charge of the affair to receive at least. your membership fee. Will not those who have been or wish to be mem- bers of their local association and can- not be present bear this in mind. Let them write to the secretary or president at once and send in their dues. It does not require very much money to meet our expenses, but we must have some- thing to do it with. Now a word about reading: You may be a bee-keeper of many years' experi- ence and may own a nuniber of the standard works on bees and their man- agement. You may not wish to pur- chase another book this winter and you may have read and re-read those you have. Well, then read them again. Some of them bear reading a number of times. It is of course a good practice to procure a new book from time to time, as new things are constantly be- ing added. Through the courtesy of Mr. W. F. Marks, president of our state organiza- tion, I have been enabled to read one of the later books on bee culture. It is entitled. The Honey-Makers, written by Margaret Warner Morley. It is a most original book. No other bee-book has ever pleased me more than this one. It is written in a unique and pleasing style, very much different from any- thing known heretofore. One can hardly stop reading long enough to eat his meals, so very fascinating is the book. This book should be in the library of every bee-keeper; yes It would form a valuable adjunct to any library, as it would be interesting reading for any intelligent person. It may be read with profit by the minister, the doctor, the lawyer, the merchant, the mechanic, the farmer. The best informed bee- keeper can learn valuable lessons from it. The same author has gotten up an- other bee-book, The Bee People, in- tended for the young people. I am anxious to read it and will do so this winter, when I will report. Many of us honey producers have had very meager returns from our bees this year. Let us study; let us look over the situation and perhaps we may do better next season. Now is the time to think the matter over. In my own locality, it is my opinion, bee-keeping has ceased to be profitable for some time to come. Why? We are in a great measure de- pendent upon basswood bloom for sur- plus honey. The little drips from fruit bloom, raspberry bloom, and clover amount to but little. Now the forest tent caterpillars have taken an undis- puted possession of onr forest. Dur- ing June and July the foliage is being stripped off from most species of trees, in particular of the basswood and maple; by the time the basswood trees should be in bloom their foliage is all gone. These caterpillars are here in such numbers, one may hear a distinct noise when nearing the woods originat- ing from the insects as they are eat- ing. The constantly dropping excre- ments remind one of a rain. As long as this pest is here with us I expect noth- from basswood in the shape of honey secretion. I can see no other way out of this dilemma than to seek new pas- ture fields; move to Cuba, California or Colorado, or some other place where honey flows. That is what I'll do. October 30, 1900. Will you have time to address a few postal cards this winter? If you will, please address one now to the publish- ers of The American Bee-keeper and ask for particulars in regard to their plan for giving away thirty-five dollars worth of supplies. 6 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Jannory MR. G. M. DOOLITTLE. The gentleman whose likeness it is our pleasure to present in this number of The Bee-keeper, needs no introduc- tion to the reading public; for where is the bee-keeper who has read Doolittle's writings (and there are none of the read- ing ones who have not) who does not feel that he knows Mr. Doolittle just as well as anybody. The portrait is by Doust, Syracuse, N. Y., being Mr. Doolittle"s latest photo- graph, taken in October, 1900, and is of especial interest at this time in connec- tion with his reference to the first years of his bee-keeping life, also published in this number under i\n\ heading, "Quali- fying for an Apiarist;"' as it shows the author at the age of fifty-four, and in the thirty-first year of his successful bee-keeping career. SOMETHING NEW IN QUEEN AND DRONE TRAPS. I!Y THE EDITOR. A queen and drone trap is a combined device which thousands of bee-keepers have used with varying degrees of satis- faction. It is often a. great relief at swarming time, when other business calls the bee-keeper away from the apiary, to have a trap which may be placed at the entrance to catch the queen in the event of a swarm issuing during his absence, and there hold her securely until his return. It sometimes transpires, also, that a thrifty bee-keeper finds himself in possession of colonies containing an undesirable quantity of drones. Perhaps one or more hives in the yard are sending out drones of a class that he knows ought to be sup- pressed, at a time when young queens are about. Here, again, a drone trap comes into effective play. If the reader has ever had occasion to use a drone and queen trap, and has ob- served the result of placing it on a hive at a time when workers were busy and drones were flying freely, he need not here be reminded of the confusion at the entrance, caused by the clogging ot the perforated zinc. With the incom- ing drones barred out entirely and clustered upon the zinc, and one, two or three heads eagerly straining through nearly every perforation from the in- side, honey-gathering is greatly hin- dered. The traps we have had in the past have been of great service; but the excellence of their work does not pre- clude advancement along the line of queen and drone traps. It is rarely in- deed that any '-combined" machine or device really "combines" all the elements or factors essential to the best accomplishment of the several purposes for which it is designed. We do not wish to be understood to say that toler- ably satisfactory service may not be had from a combined queen and drone trap. On the contrary, we have confidence to believe that the queen and drone trap shown at the top of the engraving here- with presented, will astonish those who have tried other kinds, and will give this litth^ device a trial — either as queen trap or drone catcher. The engraving merely gives in minia- ture the exterior appearance of the trap. Its construction is upon entirely new lines, and drones or queens, when 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER they come in contact with the perfor- ated zinc whicii bars their exit, natur- ally crawl immediately upwards upon the zinc, through ample openings directly into the chamber from which a return is rendered impossible. Tliezinc which comes in contact with the bottom board of the hive leads directly into this chamber, or apartment, so that they are "trapped" while crawling upwards upon the zinc excluder, in their efforts to escape. Incoming, as well as out- going drones are caught by the same delusive passage, and enter the same "death chamber" without leaving the zinc bar whicli prevents them' from entering the hive. The drone catclier is designed for the sole purpose of catching drones, and while it is improbable that one queen in fifty would escape through it, the possi- bility that she might do so, renders its use as a queen trap unadvisable. It is a drone-catcher, and we confidently be- lieve that no device heretofore placed before the bee-keeping public can approach its drone-catching capacity. The chief aim in its construction has been to overcome the objectionable feature of clogging, which is so con- spicuous in all other drone traps of our acquaintaince. From the entrance of the liive drones are conducted through a spacious opening, several inches in lengtli, into an apartment from which it is almost as difficult to escape as from any of the traps heretofore made; but this step simply places them above and away from the entrance, where they can not interfere witli the free passage of the working force to and from the hive; and upon the perforated zinc which forms the front of the catclier, they freely ascend to the trap proper, without leaving the zinc. From this apartment a return is impossible so long as the law of gravitation endures. In both the queen and drone trap and the drone catclier, the complete capture is effected by means of very delicate aluminum stops which, upon upward pressure, yield to a breath, but are rigidly supported from below. As with the queen trap, whether drones attempt to leave or enter the hive they are promptly arrested and placed by the device where they will not obstruct the perforations in use by the workers. These devices liave been thoroughly tested in our own yards, and their practical utility establislied beyond question. BEE-KEEPING IN WEST FLORIDA. A Letter From a Land Flowing With Malaria and Honey. BY M. W. SHEPHERD. THE territory traversed by the Apalachicola River seems to be more peculiarly adapted to the production of honey than any section of the south that I have visited; and in fact, I might trutlifuUy say, it is fully equal to any place in the states, unless it may be in some of tlie irrigated Alfalfa regions of Colorado. Practically, the country along the river is one vast swamp, covered with water the greater part of the year and covered with a heavy growtli of the famous tupelo gum which produces a honey very light in color, weighing fully twelve pounds per gallon and possessing the property of never granulating. Adjacent to the swamp lands, the ti-ti grows abundantly furnishing a honey but little inferior to the tupelo; yet, on the market, it will not class with the latter. More bees can be kept here in one apiary than any place I ever saw — as many as 600 colonies in one place, and the yield per colony has been fully as good as in yards where a less number is kept. It is said a complete failure in the honey crop is unknown, yet bad weather or the weak condition of the bees may result in a smaller amount being stored some sea- sons than in others. There is a great difference in the opinion of bee-men here in regard to size of hives, the L frame is the stand- THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Jumiityy ard, but how many in the hivo is the question. The number advocating the 8-franie hive is growing less, and the number using the 10-frame is growing larger and some of those who have been in the liusiness for years say that a 12- or 14-frame hive is none too small. From what I know about the business bi-re. and we going to start a new apiary, I would use a 10-frame ^'Drai)er barn," as I believe it a more suitabU^ hive than a smaller one. I don't expect the bee-keepers will rush into this coun- try very soon, but for fear some might pull up stakes and come, regardless of results, I will tell them a few of the drawbacks. The first is the question of health, and I will say that from June 1st to November 1st the country is full of malaria. The only means of getting from place to place is by boat and all supplies must be brought to the apiary through the swamps after being put off the steamboat. Your honey must be gotten from your apiary to wliere the steamboat can get it on board; that means that often you must load your honey on a 'iigliter'" and have it towed through the swamp by a small tug-boat. There are but very few locations wber(! an apiary can be established on the river bank and on ground elevated above over-flow, and if there is such a location the other fellow is ahead of you and got his bees there. In fact, range is almost unlimited, but good dry places to locate an apiary are scarce. A person might build up platforms on which to set his bees, but it has not yet been done that I am aware of. Success and failure are together here as else- where. Men with no experience will buy up two or three hundred colonies of bees and before a year passes there is "but a remnant" left and it is for sale, and the owner swears the business is a fraud. There are some who think the bees need no attention, so give them none, and a failure is the result. Sum- ming it all up I will say that eternal vigilance is the road to success, and in no place is it more true than right here in Western Florida. Marchant, Fla.. Nov. £6, 1900. The editor is requested by the pub- lishers to announce that they will give away thirtv-five dollars' worth of sup- plies, which may be selected from their 1901 catalogue, to Bkk-kkeper readers this season: and also afford each of our present readers an opportunity to pay their subscription far in advance, simply for addressing and si-nding out a few privat' mailing carls. When the W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Co. makes a proposition you may be assured it is purely business, and no catch game. Write to them to-day for full particulars. UEK OR Sl'IDKK ? A special dispatch to the Philadelphia North Amcriciin of Si'ptember 23, from Paterson, N. J., says: Daniel Steinmau, an athlete, died from tlie sting of a bee, after intensa suffering. Physicians «ay the poison affected his heart. Steinman went to Oakland, N. J., a week ago. to camp. One night he awoke with a cry of pain. He said a bee had stung him behind the ear. and he sliowed a small red blotch, but nothing more was thought of the matter. He returned home. A slight pain back of his ear increased in intensitv, despite his wife's efforts to allay it bv liousehold remedies. Stem- man last 'Thursday morning awoke in such agonv that lie could not go to work. Dr Alexander diagnosed the case as blood poisoning. On Friday it was found necessary to administer opiates to in- duce sleep, and Steinman's condition became serious. Every remedy known to science was tried, but without avail. While the dispatch says it was a bee sting, the circumstance indicates a spider's bite. Bees are not in the habit of strolling around and stinging sleepers at night. They have other business to attend to at home. :r o rt- O °^ 3 o QJ C :3 O 03 03^ 0) ■ 01 c -h o C+- c :3" to 10 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER January ANOTHER VIEW. We tak(3 pleasure in presc iitiiig to our readers, as promised last mouth, another view of the W. T. Falconer M"fV. Co.'s factory, showing the west side of the main building. These two views, with the description already given, will give some idea of the changes and improve- ments that have taicen place during the last few years in the appi^arance of this leading manufactory, whicli has aiced so materially in \\\i^. advaiicemciiit of apiculture by supplying hives and appliances of such (juality and accuracy as have not hitherto been approached by other makers. The pictures were made directly from photographs and are therefore "true to life." Next month, space permitting, we will show a group of our employees. Our Amateur Table. TOLD BV A MAX FKOM TEXAS. "Talk about your queer trades," said a man from Texas, "what do you think of bee-tracking as a means of making a living ? I know several profes- sional bee-trackers, who hav* never done anything else in their lives, and their skill is something al- most incredible. What is the work like, do you ask.' Well, I'll explain. Down in Bee County, in ray State, where some of the greatest apiaries iu the world are located, all honay is graded and marked aceordinK to the bloom from which it was obtained. Fur examjde, you may have your clioice of cotton blossom, wild clover, horse mint and teveral other brands, each distinct in flavor. This seems mysterious to a stranger, because the bees range wild over miles of countryside; but it was discovered long ago that the colony from eadi hive or cluster of hives always draws its sweets from some one particular flower and religeously shuns the others. At the beginning of the honey-making season the proprietor of a bee-farm wants to know, of course, how much of each flavor he is going to have, as a basis for calculations; so he sets the tracker to work. The tracker, who is always a na- tive .Mexican, mounts his tough little bronco, rides over to a row of hives, waits until a big, healthy looking bee emerges, and, when it flies away on its daily quest, he gallops along in its wake. Often the feeding ground is miles distant, and the bee takes anything but a bee-line. On the contrary it makes long detours, frisks and frolics through gar- dens, loafs in shady groves and has a good time generally; but it is the rarest thing in the world for it to shake off its 'shadow.' How the .Mexican manages to keep it in sight and distinguish it from other bees it meets en route, I have never bjen able to understand. The business seems ac- tually to aspecial faculty. When the bee finally reaches its destination, tlie tracker makes a mental note of the variety of flower and then re- turns home. Next day he verifies his observation by following another honey-gatherer and then labels the hive and proceeds to the next one. When his task is done the apiary man knows ex- actly what he can depend on iu the several flavors. The trackers are well paid — enough to let them loaf bet\\reen seasons. — N. O. Times-Uemocrat. THE QTEEX BEE. The queen-bee is one of the most interesting creatures in the animal world. The strength of the colony, the output of honey — everything de- pends on the queen. If anything happens to the royal lady the bees do not form a republic, but they go to work to get another queen. It is a sug- gestive fact that in the bee world royalty is a matter of food. To make a queen it is necessary only to lake an egg that under ordinary condi- tions would produce a worker, enlarge the cell, put in more and riclieri'ood and let the queen deve.op. It is to be obsarvdd, however, that it is only a worker larva, never a drone, that can be made info a queen. You may feed a drone forever on royal jelly, as the queen's food is called, and you will only kill him or gee a drone. The queen- cells not only are larger than the other cells, but they are constructed differently — in shape some- thing like a thimble and having a roughish exterior. \\ hen the ([ueen is ready to issue from the cell she gnaws her own way out. The first thing she does after entering her larger domain is, sensibly, to eat. Next, in the true royal spirit, she seeks her ene- mies, her rivals. There is a riglit merry time in a hive while several sovereigns are lighting for their various rights. If she finds another queen-cell from which a rival is shortly to come, she tears it down or gets her adherents to do the work for her. The bees have no tolerance for mutilated or imperfect creatures. Tliey believe in the sur- vival of the fittest, and the weaklings are merci- lessly destroyed and cast out. If a satisfactory queen is hatched out the worker bees usually destroy the other (jueen-cells themselves at once. If two queens are hatched at about the same time, their majesties fight it out between them, and over the body of her prostrate foe the successful one passes to the throne. — New York Press. BEE HUNTIXO. (ilen Kails, N. Y., Nov. 8, IflOO. Editor Amekican Bee-keei'1oii : As the first inspiration of many bee-keepers has been drawn 1901 ■ THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 11 from a bee-hunting experience, it will not be out of place to say a few words about it here. For re- creation, and as an out-door pastime, bee-hunting is most deliglitful. The nsiessary outfit is very simple. A small box with a glass cover will do. The box should be tiglit enough to hold lioney or syrup. We started one September morning with the box half full of honey, an axe, two pails and an amjile hincli. We entered the forest at the nearest point and continued to the top of the mountain. On the left was a vast stretch of unbroken forest. Many an aged giant held a swariu of wild bees within the hollow of its trunk. We were then in a clearing grown up to goldenrod and other weeds. Catching a bee from a flower we clapped her into the bo.x and held the cover secure until she began to fill herself with honey, when it was removed. Pres- ently she took wing, circled around and darted into the woods. Soon she returned accompanied by others, and it was not long until we had a line es- tablished between the box and the tree which was her home in the forest. We then moved the box, with part of the bees, some two hundred yards along the clearing, releasing the remaining bees in the new location, very carefully. Thus we had established a triangle, the base of which was the edge of the woods and the apex, the bee-tree, fiy this means we were able to tell very nearly how fur distant the tree was, and in what direction. AVe then went about a half mile into the woods and again released the bees; still onward they flew, and again we proceeded a like distance. Here, upon being given their freedom, the bees rose over the trees, then dropped suddenly down again. Ky this we knew the tree must be near. We proceeded to tap the trunks of the large trees until one gave forth a hollow sound; and this proved to be the home of the little worker. We took over eighty pounds of the most delicious honey from it— and with only three stings. C. \V. Paukeh. so SAY WE. spring Creek, Pa , Nov. 17. Hello! brother bee-keepers over in Hatch Hollow- Wake upl and don't go to bed before nine o'clock; but let's sit up to the desk one of these long, cool evenings for ona hour each month and make an exposition of our ignorance, knowledge and experi- ments in the management of bees and honey. It looks a little as though we were going to get 1() to 1, although W. J. Bryan was not elected — ■ that is, 1(! cents to I pound of honey; if so, I would suggest that we contrive some way of keeping the bees that each queen can rear in one colony and keep only enough colonies in one Ijcality to gather what honey is within their range. It seems to me that a hive could be made the right size to keep one queen busy in the brood chamber throug'i the season. If such should be the case, we woull not lose the time that the bees consume in swarm- ing and filling the brood-frames at a time when we would like to have them busy in the sections. If any reader of The Bee-keepeh has had experi- ence with such a thought, please tell us what luck you had. and oblige the editor and readers of The BeE-KEEI'ER. I see by jour November issue tliat you are anx- ious for the knowledge or guess-work of your readers in regard to those four questions on page 214. I should say that the egg was deposited there befoie the combs were taken from the hive, and the bees that clustered there had nothing to do with it. My opinion is that the bees had been sep- arated from those in the hive so long that they knew they would not be admitted should they return, so they concluded to take up a vacated homestead. In regard to Ur. Miller's queen: The question can be answered in only one way. She was probably a young, prolific and industrious queen, chock full of eggs, and was anxious to deposit them somewhere ; and consequently dropped them in a cluster of cells at the back end of the hive after having gone over the front yard in good shape. My treatment in such a case would be to give her a dose of No. 10 brood frame. Yours respectfully, A. E. Johnson. THE QUESTIONS ARE EASY. Ringdale, Pa., Nov. .30. Editor Bee-keepeb: Those questions are easy; almost any body could answer theiu. First, as to. what was the cause of the bees taking up their abode so near their own hive: The chances are about five to one that there was a queen in one of the supers. Bees would hardly form in a cluster on combs in a honey-house without a queen, unless it was very cold weather; and any man who was an associate of G. B. Jones and C. G. Ferris would know better than to leave his honey on the hives until cold weather. The little colony probably thought that they were to be hived on starters of foundation ; and in circling around, the queen found the empty combs, and the bees formed in a cluster wl'.ere the queen had lit. Then, being dis- satisfied with their surroundings, they wished to swarm out and started a queen-cell, thinking that by so doing the queen would swarm out with them. The queen laid the egg that was found in the cell. The last two questions are somewhat easier than the first two. There was a laying worker jtresent, and sometliing wrong with the (jueen; probably she was reared from too old a larva. The remedy- give them a J'200 queen. Yours respectfully, WSI. IvEltNAN. ANOTHER SOLUTION OF THE QUESTIONS. Ft. Pierce, Fla., Nov. Ifl. Mr. Editor: According to my judgment most of the bees were young and did not know their way back to the hive. As to where the egg came from would say, one of the bees was probably moving an egg in the hive at the time when it was taken away: and, while still carrying the egg, crawled up and clustered with the other bees on the dry combs. Questions Nos. 3 and 4; The cause of the queen 12 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER January laying the eggs so thick was that she needed room and more bees to take care of the brood. Hoping that some day I may be able to answer such questions correctly, I am, yours respectfully, Gi:o. Saundeus, Jk. QUERIES. YELI^OW WAX AND SI,OW COOLING. 1st. In rendering beeswax, what is responsible for tlie variation of color '? 3nd. Will (lark brown wax become bright yellow if cooled slowly? 3rd. Would wax of a bright yellow color ever result if a hurried process of cooling w^re employed ? ANSWERS. 1st. Wax is readily colored by various sub- stances, and it is easy to incorporate into the wax the coloring matter contained in the pollen and dirt, when the mass of comb is so rapidly heated that the wax melts before the pollen is water- soaked. The same process (and boiling) also causes more or less of the propolis to combine with the wax. The receptacle in which it is melted sometimes affects it. Strongly alkaline water is detrimental. I break the combs up line, submerge and allow to soak for a week or more in acidulated water and then heat slowly in clean water. Do not boil it. 2nd. Not necessarily. 3rd. Not from a "dark brown." Akthih C. Miller. 1st. Age of comb and impurities, such as dirt, the coloring matter it receives from the vessel stored or rendered in, etc. Where cappings or comb containing more or less honey are allowed to stand or steep for any length of time in a rusty iron vessel, the wax will be a dingy yellow; if in corroding brass, a greenish yellow, etc. 2ud. t'ooling slowly helps to clarify wax by allowing all .si]ecks of dirt or foreign substances to more thoroughly settle to the bottom or rise to the top. Hut if the dark brown comes from that im- parted by the vessel stored or rendered in, no amount of time in cooling will change it to a bright yellow. .3rd. Wax, when it first exudes from the wax- pockets of the bee, is wliite and, unless contanii- nated by some foreign substance, would remain white whether cooled slowly or rajiidly in render- ing. After a time, through coming in contact with the vapors of the hive and the cocoons from the brood reared in the waxen cells, the white wax is changed to a yellow color, the yellow shade becom- ing deeper with age; and the rapid or slow cool- ing has nothing to do with this shade, only so far as the latter gives a greater length of time for specks of dirt or rubbish to separate from the wax. By adding a quart of water and a pint of strong vine- gar to every twenty-five pounds of rendered wax, when melting, the dirt will separate from the wax in one-half the time it would otherwi.se. G. M. DOOLITTLE. 1st. The use of iron or rusty tin utensils is liable to darken the color of wax. The keejiing of wax in a melted condition lor some length of time purifies it from foreign substances which may be in it, and because of that often gives the wax a cleaner and brighter appearance ; but I doubt about its causing any appreciable change of color otherwise. 2nd. No. 3rd. If wax has been allowed to remain in a melted condition for a long enough time, the slow or hurried process of cooling makes no difference. O. O. POPPLETOX. 1st. More or less coloring matter and other im- purities from the old cjmbs are responsible for the variation in the color of wax. 2nd. Dark brown wax does not become bright yellow by slow cooling. The impurities are so finely divided and held in suspension that they are not separable without the use of acid; at least I know of no practical way. 3rd. This question can hardly be answered by a simple yes or no. The larger and heavier the impurities are, the less time will be required for these to settle. In hurrying the cooling process many of the smaller particles would surely remain and thus impair the color. Wax made from new combs hurriedly cooled off would still have a brighter color than that made from old combs slowly cooled. F. Gkeinek. 1st. In fixing the responsibility, there are many things to be taken into consideration, as indicated by the foregoing answers. Wax appears to become so effectually stained by contact with old cocoons as to make it impossible to render it yellow by other means than a treatment with sulpl:uric acid. 2nd. Never. 3rd. If the wax has not been stained to deeper or darker color, it would be as yellow if cooled in one minute as if ten days were consumed in the process. The length of time occupied in cooling, after the wax has been kept in a liquid condition by heat, for a few hours, has nothing to do with imparting a yellow color. Editor. The offer of the publishers to give away thirty-five dollars' worth of sup- plies is worth investigating. It's a rare chance. If you miss it you'll miss it. 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 13 PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Editok. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies 85 cts.; 3 copies, *1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage jirepaid in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, H words; $2.00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per cent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 1.5th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. t^"Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The AMEbiiCAX Bee-keeper, Falconer, N.Y. 1C^~ Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. 1^~ Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. £^~ A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. EDITORIAL. Do not fail to read the publish- ers' offer, on another page, of thirty-five dollars worth of bee- keepers' supplies free to Bee-keeper readers. It's an interesting pro- position. We have never had such a quan- tity of excellent matter for publica- tion on hand as at present. We appreciate this interest which our readers are taking in the paper. Let the good work continue. We learn with pleasure, through a private letter from a Canadian friend that Mr. John Newton, Thamesford, Ont., has been elected president of the Ontario Bee-keep- ers' Association. It is an honor of which Mr. Newton is worthy. Don't fail to write for particulars in regard to the bee-keepers' sup- plies which the W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Co. propose to send free to readers of The American Bee-keeper this season. You will probably need some of them in June and Jul3^ Our friend (and every bee-keep- er's friend), G. M. Doolittle of Borodino, N. Y. , may sotm change the. old address so long familiar to bee-keepers. We believe Mr. Doo- little is at present in Arkansas look- ing over the bee-keeping prospect in that state. And still The American Bee- keeper continues to climb steadily up hill. The kind wishes of our friends who prayed that the present editor would not find that he had undertaken an "up-Hill" job' are being very satisfactorily granted. The pleasures, encouragement, hope and determination are ten-fold greater than when we began the work in 1898. The eleventh birth- day of The Bee-keeper, which it celebrates with this number, is the most cheerful and promising in its history. With the good sense, honesty and courtesy which has character- ized its editorials since its incep- tion, The Bee-keejyers' ReDieio, re- ferrirg to our discussion of the sub- ject of clipping queens, in the October number, comments thus: "I have no doubt that, after practicing a while 'on drones and workers, ' as Bro. Hill suggests, one could clip queens successfully in the manner that he describes. I have never tried exactly the plan 14 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER January that he gives, but to all plans of clipping on the comb I have found the objection that the queen be- comes frightened the moment she i'^ touched. It is possible that with sufficient practice this objection can be overcome." Certainly; and a great amount of practice is not required, either. Bee-keepers who have anything in the apiarian line which they de- sire to exhibit at the Pan-American Exposition should correspond with Superintendent O. L. Herschiser, 1106 D. S. Morgan Building, Buf- falo, N. Y. Exhibitions may be made without expense to the exhib- itor, and awards will be made to meritorious displays. The selec- tion of Mr. Herschiser as Superin- tendent of the apiarian exhibits insures to exhibitors the great benefits to be derived from the management of an experienced, painstaking and obliging gentle- man— ^one who is one of our fratern- ity— who will be very glad to give any information that may be asked of him in regard to the matter. Mr. Hers- chiser earnestly re3[uests all who contemplate making an exhibit to correspond with him at the address given above. New York will doubtless make a fine showing at the exposition as will several of the other northern states. Here is an opportunity for Florida, "the land of flowers," to distinguish her capabilities apiculturally. Will she do it? No, not Florida. With this number we have dis- continued the practice of sending the queens and dollars to contribu- tors. We invite all our i^eaders to contribute freely, and we shall pay cash for good article^^, as in the past; but our staff of regular con- tributors for 1901 has been selected and the best that is to be had of sound, practical bee-keeping sense is assured to our readers for the next twelve months. In the amateur department we shall endeavor to encourage inter- est by offering special premiums for good letters and solving ques- tions relating to bees and bee-keep- ing. The questions asked on page 214 of The Bee-keeper for Novem- ber are still open. ' To the dollar already offered we will add: The paid-up amateur bee-keeper who first sends a correct reply to all four questions will have his picture published in the amateur depart- ment— providing he, or she, will send us a photograph from which to have the engraving made. Be- ginners are especially urged to compete. Veterans and specialists are barred. THE BEE-KEEPER FOR 1901. This number opens the eleventh volume. The present and last two or three numbers of The Bee- keeper will forecast the character of the paper during the first year of the new century — 1901. The volume just closed marks a very successful period in the history of the paper, a fact largely due to the friendly interest shown by its readers. In undertaking the pleasant task of managing his department for the fourth year, the editor does so with very encouraging prospects of continued success, in the line of extending the subscription list, and in his ability to give bee-keepers a thoroughly up-to-date journal; for we have secured a staff of regular correspondents who are each c.,nd every one not only successful apiarists, but interesting writers. While we are pleased with the accomplishments of the past year, we shall endeavor to continue to improve the journal just as fast as 1901 I'HE AMERICAN DEE-KEEPER 15 the support will pei'mit; and the publishers have generously offered to compensate these who will co- operate with us in extending that "support" as will be seen by re- ferring to another page. Let every arriateur reader take his place around the "Amateur Table," and by his questions and contributions to that page, add life and interest thereto. We want every young bee-keeper to feel that this is his privilege, and to know that he is welcome — whether man, woman, boy or girl. We are confi- dent that this could be made one of the most interesting and instruct- ive departments of The Bee- keeper. tobacco smoke for introducing QUEENS. The use of tobacco smoke in in- troducing queens has long been used and advocated by Mr. Henry Alley, but it appears that until re- cently its real value has not been generally appreciated. The Bee- keepers' Reiileio now appears to re- gard tobacco smoke, in introducing, with much favor. We have on several occasions used it for this purpose with very satisfactory re- sults. It is a fact, however, that of the many hundreds of queens which we have had occasion to in- troduce in the past ten years, we do not remember of a single failure to have the queen accepted by the bees, regardless of the method of introducing. The tobacco smoke method, though, has been used in instances where it would be unsafe to attempt almost any other plan ; such, for example, as introducing ten or a dozen queens into a single colony, simply separated by divisions of wire-cloth into as many compartments as there were queens. This we have done with perfect suc- cess; and that in a colony made up entirely of old bees, without brood of any kind. The necessity for such a severe test would seldom arise, yet we have found it desir- able to do so at times, and found it practicable. But very little of the smoke is necessary, and it is not advisable to use it at all at a time when robbers are troublesome. If the tobacc:) is placed in the smoker and the fire well started, one very light puff is all that is required. A whiff or two from a pipe or cigar answers the purpose very well. THE WAX "SECRET." Quite to our surprise, the Ameri- can Bee Journal not only declares its sincerity in requesting an ex- planation in regard to our hint that it was foolishness to set forth "slow cooling" as the secret of the bright yellow color often seen in beeswax, but very emphatically de- fends the idea as a truth. We regret that our space will not per- mit a reproduction of the Journal's lengthy comments, which would occupy more than a page; but we cannot refrain from catching a little of its Vesuvian overflow: "As a matter of fact, the slow cooling is a sine qua non in ninety- nine cases out of a hundred, and perhaps necessary in the one-hun- dredth case. As Mr. Hill men- tions, some wax from old combs needs the addition of acid to bring out the bright color; but that does not take away the necessity of slow cooling, and there is practically no bright yellow wax without slow cooling." If any reader of The American Bee-keeper has a quantity of dark beeswax which he desires to trans- form into bright yellow, he will note with pleasure that the secret is now out. Simply melt it and cool it slowly (?). Wax should be kept hot after it 1-6 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Jdtiiuiry is melted, to allow the dirt to separate from the body of wax ; then it shovild be cooled slowly to pre- vent cracks or checks in the cake, and thereby render it more easily removed from the mold. Keeping- it in a thin liquid state by the con- stant application of heat is essen- tial to the purifying process, and renders the product more free from specks of dirt: but all this is foreign to the absurd assertion that slow cooling is the secret of obtaining bright yellow wax. It may be that the editor of this journal lacks experience, as in- ferred by our worthy contemporary ; but we are quite willing to risk our reputation on the assertion that "slow cooling is the secret of get- ting bright yellow wax," as the veriest nonsense, the American Bee Journal to contrary notwith- standing. We have asked the opinion of several of our contributors in i-e- gard to this, and their i-eplies appear in this number. It will be noted that, where the questions were understood correctly, the ver- dict coincides with our own ex- pressed opinion. Editor York should know that vexy many of the business "secrets" of a qvuirter of a century ago are now dead. IIUNDRED-nOLLAR QUEENS. That the practice of placing a fabulous valuation upon breeding queens is becoming very common is a fact which was noted in these col- umns some time ago, calling atten- tion to the ease with which a queen breeder could take advantage of such a drawing card in his advertise- ments as the possession of a hundred- dollar breeding queen. Editor Root of Gleani)i(/s, who goes them one better, by advertising a two hun- dred-dollar breeder, very frankly acknowledges that the thing does have the appearance of a money- making scheme, but is evidently sincere in the opinion that the great superiority of his slo;k justifies the valuation, and says: "If Editor Hill could see what that queen really is, he would be as enthusiastic as I." Brother Root must have had a private tip in regard to our weak points; for if any one thing more than another tends to arouse our enthusiasm it is good stock, but he completely fails to grasp our idea of the matter. The American Bee- keeper would be the last to offer discouragement to the work of im- provement in our stock. In fact, we hold that thei'e is but one branch of our industry which is en- titled to more immediate and thor- ough attention than this. This, however, does not alter the obvious fact that dollars and cents is a most misleading, inconsistant and unfair standard by which to designate merit in breeding stock; and that it only invites deception and im- position for personal gain, among the unscrupulous. Already the opportunity has been recognized and appropriated to the extent of a promise that it will b3 thoroughly vulgarized within a short time. If a breeder pays an excessively high price for a queen in which he recognizes corresponding merit, or if he refuses . a bona-fide offer of such a price, we presume there is no valid reason why he should not be entitled to any benefits which might accrue to him as a result of a public statement of his sagacity. That is one thing; but for a breeder to simply "estimate" the value of his breeding queen away above all reason as an advertising dodge — a practice that has and will continue to result from such an insignificant system of expressing merit in our stock, is another matter. 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 17 Gleanings has been too long in the field to i-equir? any suggestions from this quarter in regard to the purely "fake" schemes existing in the queen business; and we there- fore beg to suggest that Mr. Root consider a view of the question from our point of vantage, and let us know if the obvious necessity for a different yardstick with which to measure the value of our stock does not appear. QUEENS FROM THE MAILS. One of the most interesting dis- cussions at the National Convention was that which followed the paper of Mrs. H. G. Acklin, on the sub- ject of "Queen-rearing by the Doo- little M-thod." Whether or not it is injurious to queens to be con- lined in a small mailing cage and thus transported, is a question which elicited particular attention. Dr. Mason had reason to believe that it was injurious. H. F. Moore thought that where the mail sack is taken from a crane by a flying train, going at the rate of forty miles an hour, the queens would not be worth much after such an ordeal had been passed through. E. Kritchmer knew of one instance where every bee in the cage had been killed by throwing the mail pouch from a fast train. Mr. Pop- pleton stated that he had quit ofdering queens by mail entirely. The inference was, of course, that this resolution of Mr. Poppleton's was a result of the injured condition of the queens he had received in this way; but in personal conversa- tion with him. later, the editor of The Bee-keeper learned that such was not the case; and Mr. Popple- ton expressed regret that his state- ment had not been followed by an explanation setting forth the real cause; which, said he, "is the chance one takes of importing dis- ease." Mr. Hutchinson's experi- ence hid been that there was some- thing about the close confinement of a queen during the laying season which tended to weaken her laying powers. Mr. N. E. France had noticed throughout the state of Wisconsin that the complaint was generally charged against especi- ally tested queeiis, and it was his opinion that sending a laying queen by mail was injurious to her. Frank Coverdale had received a batch of fifty queens from Texas, which turned out just as satisfac- tory as if he had reared them him- self. Mr. E. T. Abbott had been getting queens through the mails for thirteen or fourteen years and had never had an instance of a queen's being injured, excepting in one instance where the bees and queen were all dead. Some which Mr. Abbott had received from Jeru- salem were in every way as good as those reared in his own yard. To take a queen from active egg- laying and confine her in a mailing cage for several days is such a very abrupt change, resulting in a sus- pension of her natural function, that even a casual thought of it impressses one with the probability of its detrimental effect; and, in- deed, it may be that very prolific queens are sometimes injured in this way. We believe, however, that it will rai'ely be found that the injury is permanent. Some of the best queens that we have ever owned have come to us through the mails, during the honey season. Some very inferior ones have like- wise been received. We might be prone to charge this inferiority to the above cause, but the most in- ferior lot of queens that we have ever bought were confined only about twenty-four hours; and then, upon three full frames of brood and bees. There were fifty of them in 18 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER JllUU<<)\l the lot, and but five or six of them proved to be worth keeping, although they were of the high- priced kind. UTTER FOOLISHNESS. Much interest has been shown during the past month or two in a law suit which has been in progress ■ in Orange County, N. Y., wherein two brothers by the name of Utter are engaged. One of the Utter brothers is a fruit grower, the other a bee-keeper. The former avers that his brother's bees have been guilty of puncturing and greatly damaging his peach crop. It appears that the bee-keeping brother is a man of limited means, and was therefore unable to pro- cure such counsel in his defense as the National Bee-keepers' Associa- tion would have quickly provided, had Mr. Utter been a member of that organization and promptly re- ferred the matter to General Man- ager Secor. As it was, the justice before whom the case was first heard rendered judgment against the bee-keeper for twenty-five dol- lars and costs. General Manager Secor, of the National Association, heard of the case, and immediately authorized an appeal to the County Court, pledging one hundred dol- lars to fight the case; as bee-keep- ing interests and common justice demand that a reversal of the jus- tice's decision be secured. With reference to this case the Leti'iston Journal (Me.) well says: A New York judge has dehvered a de- cision that renders the owners of bees Hable for damages for trespass on the property of other peoples This is a case of justice run mad. Should it be sus- tained in the higher courts and extended to other states it would simply kill the bee i'.'dustry. We can control our cat- tle and sheep but we can not control one llight of our bees. It is clearly evi- dent that the fools are not all confined to the common classes. When judges get to rendering such decisions as this it is high time for them to step down and out, so as to make room for some one possessed of common sense. From Glean! )Hjs in. Bee (Julture we learn that the evidence pre- sented in behalf of the plaintiff's claim was of the most absurd char- acter, a sample of which is that witnesses had seen the bees "stand on their hind legp, puncture or probe the fruit, then fly away." Others, it is said, stated that "bees could bore holes through boards, and would therefore puncture fruit..'" The plaintiff himself said that the bees stung his trees and killed them and they ate up his fruit. The edit.n- of the Ritral Ncir Yorl-cr has expressed the hope that bee-keepers would leave no stone unturned to secure a reversal of this absurd decision against the bee-keeper. A contributor to his excellent journal, however, avers that when peaches and plums are ripe enough to eat from the hand bees will puncture them; notwithstand- ing the fact that the most severe and thorough tests, conducted by experimental stations and agricul- tural colleges, have repeatedly dis- proven the statement. Bees have been confined with ripe fruit until they starved to death, time and again; and still certain agricultural editors grasp for the scissors at the sight of the item which states that "Bees Do Rob Fruit," without even hinting at the almost endless chain of evidence to the contrary. There seems to be a singular fascination in these libelous statements against one of the most important requi- sites to . successful fruit growing. Surely the National Bee-keepers' Association has a work to do, and the miserable, half-hearted support which it has met thus far is nothing 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 19 shoi't of a disgrace to the fraternity whose interests it has undertaken to defend. Many of the complaints we receive, of injustice, low prices, commercial and local obstacles of various kinds, bewailing prevailing- conditions, come with very poor grace from persons who have not, and appear to be unwilling to con- tribute a dollar a year in order that these things may be changed. LATER. Goshen, N. Y., Dec. 19.— The case of Utter vs. Utter was conclud- ed to-day. It resulted in a victory for the bee-keeper, JeiTery W., from whom his brother. \Vm Utter sought to recover ^100 damages, claiming that his brother's bees had partially mined his peach crop. Bee-lieepersthrongiiout the country will rejoice to learn of this triumph of justice. Credit for the victory is undoubtedly due the intiuence of Ihe National Bee- keepers' Association, and the etflcient work of its General Manager. Honey and Beeswax Market. Below wo ({Ivo the latist and most authentic re- port of tlie Houey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: WASHIXGTOX GISADING ItUI.ES. Fa.vc'V. — AH sections to be well lilled, combs atraight. of even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed ex- cept the row of cells next the wood. Ho. 1. —All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or witii but tew cells -unsealed: both woo 1 and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is. there will be "Fancy white ' •'No. 1, dark," etc, Chicaco. Dec IT. — We have but very little de- mand for honey at present, while the supply is fair— apparently suflicient to supply the demand. We quote as follows: Fancy comb, Uic; No. 1, 15c.; extracted, tlr./ T'^c. Beeswax is in good de- mand at 2-ic. There is an abundant supply of all grades of honey except fancy white comb, which is limited to small amounts that are promptly sold. R. A. Burnett & Co. Boston, Dec. 17. — Demand for honey is fair with fair supply. Price of comb, 15<5< ITc; extract- ed, i>'41o., Dtc. 21. — Honey is in fair demand at present with light .supply. We quote as follows: Cumb in 24-section case, S'H.50(''$8.75; r2-secti>n case, Sl.HO. Extracted, ('lO-iJOimd cans, 8 7r!'c ]>er lb. Demand for beeswax is light with light supply— just about enough to fill orders. The price of honey is so high that it is cutting the de- mand to some extent. W. R. Ckomweli, PiionucE Co. New York, Dec. 17. — There is a good and steady demand for all grades of comb-honey, but very little coming into this market. If pro lucers liave any on hand we advise marketing it at once. We quote: Fancy white comb, laftilUc; No. 1 comb. He; No. 2 comb, 12 fe 13c.; bnekwheat comb, 11 ® 12c Beeswax firm and in good demand at 2-(c. per pound. No large demand for bnekwheat extracted as yet; some sales being made at .'il^c. F^RANCIS H. Leggett & Co. LITERARY NOTES. EX-PRESTI)EXT CLEVELAXO'S MAGAZINE ARTICLES. Ex-president Cleveland is writing for the Satur- day Evening Post a series of strong articles which will appear in the magazine during the winter months. Some of these papers will deal with political affairs, and others with the personal problems of young men. They will be Mr. Cleve- land's first utterances in any magazine on the questions of the day since he left the White House. Mr. Cleveland's opening paper, which appeared in the Saturday Evening Post of December 23, discusses in a masterly manner a most important phase of our national politics. Outing opens the century with a number on the highest plane of the literature and art of sport, travel, adventure and country life. Some of the articles are entitled as follows: The Moonlight Trails, The Automobile in French Recreative Life. Rifles for Big Game, Portugese East Africa as a Hunting Field, The Old and the New in Harness Training, \\'inter Hunting in the Rockies, The Pioneer Sportsmen of America, Gambel's Par- tridge, the Elusive Game-bird of Arizona; Sports- man's Club of the Middle West and Army and Navy Football. All in all, Outing's January num- ber is an exceptionally strong and pleasing one. With the January number Modern Culture drops the old name, "Self Culture," from its title page and cover and takes its rightful place among the leading literary magazines of the country. It will no longer be associated in the public mind with purely educational periodicals. It has ceased to be a class publication and has become in the broadest sense of the term a magazine of culture. Literature, art and science, history and description are represented in this number by competent writers. John H. Tranter writes an account of the Pan-American Exposition, which, with its elaborate illustrations, will be to many readers the most attractive article in the number. Life in the Philippines before the Spanish war, New Year's Day in Paris and The Romance of Winter are three delightful articles. Fiction is strongly repre- sented by Marion Harland and Charles W. Ches- nutt. The departments are as usual replete with interest. 30 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Jmninry The Southern Farmer, Athens, Georgia. The Leading AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL of the South. No Farmer, Fruit Grower, Stoek- raiser, Poultryman, Dairyman or even Housewife can afford to be without this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on appli- cation. Advertising Rates Reasonable Otite^ Horticultural Visitor^ Kxriniundy, Ills., conducted by a practical horticulturist. Head by active fruit and vegetable growers. Old subscribers say they find more practical know- ledfre in this Journal tlian they do in any other. Send for a free sample copy and see for yourself. Send for Price List of Nursery Stock to PARK NURSERY, KINMUNDY, ILL. Established in 1883. See low prices before buying. 11-Bt SHINE! The Empire Washer Company, Jamestown, N.Y. make a Shine Cabinet, furnished with foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe rubber — in fact, all articles and materials needed to keep shoes looking their best — and as it is made to be fastened to the wall of toilet room or kitchen, it does away with the vexatious searching after these articles which is altogether too common. A postal will bring you details of this and other good things. Buffalo Review. Live Stock, Produce and Horse Interests. TELEGRAI H SERVICE. OfTieial paper of East Buffalo Stock Yards. Best .\gricultuial Advertising Medium. Svdjscrijdiou 1(14. per annum. Buffalo Review Co., Publishers, Buffalo, N.Y. THE IRRIGATION AGE. Is the pioneer journal of its kind in the world, and is devoted to ad- vancing the Irrigation Industry and Western resources. Irrigation is one of the leading issues of the day and you should be posted on what is being accomplished. Published by J. E. FORREST, • 916 West Harrison St., Chicago, II $1.00 a year. Send for sample copy. A BATH nlien UMPIRE taken in an ^ Portable Folding BATH TUB. Used in any room Ar.KXTS Wanted Catalogue Fret'. , The EMPIRE WASHER CO., Jamestown,n.y is a ^jE^i luxury " ™ 1900 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER If you are in- te rested in sheep and tlie breeding of early lambs, try the Dorsets. If yon wish further informa- tion send for a copy of the Dorset Courier, published monthly. Address Courier, ii.,;t Washington, Pa. Record your Poland Chinas in The Central Poland China Record RULES ETC. FREE on ajiiilication. W. II. Morris, Secy, Indianapolis, Intl. Record your Berkshires in The National Berkshire Rejord. RULES ETC. FREE on application. E. K. .Morris, Sec'y. Indianapolis, Ind. Record your Chester Whites in The Standard Chester White Record. RULES ETC. FREE on application. \V. II. .Mcrris Socy, Indianapolis, Ind Subscribe for the Swine Breeders' Semi-monthly. T "I 50 cents a year. J U Ul II dl. Morris Printing Co., Sample Copy Free. Publishers, Indianapolis, Ind. DiREQ FROM PRODI)aH,;ggRQK°" JOMRtqCONSUNER EVERYTHING(J?M^)FogMIOTODy PUA5E MENTION Ji OREAT OR SMALL ^ ^'* ''*•*'* WRITE FOR CATALOOUE. ENCLOSE 10 CTS.TO HELP PxY POSTAGE When writing to advertisers say: "I saw your adv't in The Ameuican Bee-keeper." The Fanciers' Review, Fifty cents a year, including any one poultry book nam- ed below, FREE. Review alone, 35c. a year. 500 Questions and Answers on Poultry Keeping 5c. Low Cost Poultry Houses (plans) 5c. Art of Poultry Breeding (J. H. Davis) 25c. The lien Business from A to Z (Mrs. May Taylor) 25c. Uncle 'Rastus on Poultry (J. IT. Davis) 25c. 300 Pigeon Queries Answered 25e. Belgian Hare Breeding, new book 25c. ll-6t HOMES in OLD VIEGIFIA It is gradually brought to light that the civil war has made great changes, freed the slaves, and in consequence has made the large land owners poor and finally freed the land from the original holders who would not sell until they were compelled to do so. There are some of the finest lands in the market at very low prices, lands that produce all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits, and berries; fine for stock. You find green truck pa'ches, such as cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale, spinach, etc., growing all the win- ter. The climate is the best all the year around to be found, not too cold nor too warm. Good water. Healthful. Railroads running in every direction. If you desire to know all about Virgir ia send 10c. for three months subscription of the VIRGINIA FARMER to ii.6t FARMER CO., Emporia, Va. The finest line of Wooden Advertising Novelties, such as Thermometers, Match Safes, Rulers, Yard- sticks, etc. made in the world, is the line manufac- tured by The American Mfg. Concern, Jamestown, N.Y. c ANAOIAN POULTRY NRWS, A live up-to-date, 16-page inoiitlily devoted to poultry, pigeons and pet stock; con- tains much useful informa- tion as well as general Cana- dian Poultry News. Sub- scription only 30 cents a year, advertising rates very low. Send 30 coiits at once and <>:et tho Annual II ustrated Christ.nas Number, of twenty pages, in colors, before the edition is run out. Don't send American stamps, please. Address ROBT. R. CAMERON, Publisher Cauadian Poultry News, i2-6t Owen Sound, Ont , Can. Pigeon Flying! Tlr^' leading, bri^ilitjst and best authority on Homiug Pigeons in Ameriea. Charles H. Jones, Editor and Puhlislier, 10 So. Broad St., Philadelphia. Sole Manufacturer of National Association bands, also initial, seamless and open bands for dragoons, carriers and all kinds of toy pif^eons — Aluminum Seamless bands for Homers and Toys - - - • ^ Aluminum Seamless bands for Dra- goons and Carriers - Seamless German Silver bands - Open bands— German Silver Countermarks . . . . Countermarks, Aluminum, very light No extra charge for Initials. All bands are registered for future reference. No samples sent unless price of bauds and cost of mailing is remitted. All kinds of rubber stamps and figures for mark- ing piceons. Send stamp to the above address for illustrated catM'ojue for all appliances pertaining to pigeons. 12-Gt 2.^0 .er 100 .•i 0' " 100 2 00 •• 110 1 on " 100 so •• 100 1 (10 " 100 GET MAERIED and Get Married QUIGKLaY! We can help you secure a good wif'^ or husband. Don't live a single life. Get mar- ried happily. Send two-cent stamp for full particulars. Address FARMER and MIKER, DENVER, COLO. P. O. box 850. 12-()t The Record. The Oldest and Leading Belgian Hare Journal of America and England. R. J. Fi.NLEY, Editor and Publisher, The only journal having an English Belgian Hare Department. One copy worth the yearly subscription. If interested, don't fail to send 2-cent stamp for sample copy at once. Address, R. J. FINLEY, MACON , MO. 12-6t A Postal Card. If you want to know something about the live stock business in the West, send us a postal cai'd with your name and address plainly written on same, and we will mail you a sample copy of the Western Swine Breeder and Live Stock Journal. It is an up-to-date stock publication. WESTERN SWINE BREEDER, i2t!i 107 S. nth street, LINCOLN, NEB. Do)i''t forget to inqiiirc into that offer of $35.U0 worth of SuiypUes by the Publishers. Free Sample Copy TIPPECANOE FAEMER, Semi-monthly, Only 25 cents per year. The best farm paper for the money published in the West. Large circulation Advertising rates reasonable. TIPPECANOE FARMER CO., Lafayette, Ind. F. M. Smith, Editor. u.et $Money in $ Poultry. There is much money in raising poultry if jiroperly attended to. Learn how to do it right, get the experience of successful breeders and find a sure way to become independent, by subscribing for Poultry the best edited and most up-to-date poul- try magazine in America. Price only 50 cents a year. Address Poultry Culture Co., ll-f)t Kansas City, Mo. ^"^ ROYAL TEMPLARS. A beneficiary association. Its grade of payments scientific and safe. Both se.xes received in perfect equality. You get just what you pay for, and only pay for what you get. Organized 187(J. Emergency fund maintained. E.xpense of management low. Claims paid without expense to beneficiary. Send for information. General office, Itf Masonic Building, Buffalo, N.Y. NEW LIFE TEA ALWAYS CURES CONSTIFaTJOfHl, INDSGE5TION, SICK H^ADaCHE, And imparts new lifo to the whole system. At all (Irugpists and dealers, 25c, or sent by mail, if your dealer will not supply you. Address, LANQHAH HED. CO., LE ROY, N. Y. Dairymen, Milk Dealers and Creamery men. If you want a paper wholly devoted to your in- terests subscribe for the Milk Reporter. Every issue contains only Official Statis- tics pertaining to the milk market, including prices, amount carried by different railroad lines and an endless collection of facts and figures. Also special features of the trade, notes and com ments on recent events pertaining to the business, and in every issue will be valuable instructions or suggestions which will prove an aid to those inter ested in the products of the dairy from any point of view. Order sample copy and address all communica tions to The Milk Reporter, n.,;t Deckertown, N. J. The Fruit Growers' Journal, is a si.K column, eight-page journal, pub- lished monthly, at Cobden, Illinois, The Fruit Growing Center of the West. It is an all-around horticultural, agri cultural journal, and is devoted largely to transportation and markets. Agents Wanted. Send two cents for sample copy. 12-6t This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others would notice YOURadvt. in The Am. Bee-keepeh Here is a new aiul useful d(>vice made with both shoulder straps of ime conthmoiis piece offirst-chiss wchhliKj, ends of best braided cord: buckUiS heavy brass, nickle plated and not one stitch of needlework employed in its construction, therefore nothing to rip or wear out jjren'aturely. All elastic ^oods depreciate with age. Why buy cheap, worthless elastic goods that may have been burdenin"; the slielv(v^ of the wholesale and. retail merchants for months or years? We manufacture our goods and sell direct from Favtonj to Wearer. Suspenders as well as other ganuents should fit t) e body. In ordLTing give moasuiL^iu .'iit over shoulder f I'oiu front to rear button. All goods sent securely j)acked, postpaid. Sample pair. 2.C.; live pair, *i 15; youth's lengths, one jiair, 2lic.; fave pair. '.lOe. Try the Seamless and you will wear no other. Lawrence Suspender Uo,, 734 Mass. Street, Lawrence, Kan. A Poultry Paper YExARS for 3 We will send the Canadian Poul- try Review three years for $1 or to three subscribers one year for $1. Special departments for "Turkeys, Ducks and Geese," "Poultry Ail- ments," "Bantams," Incubators and Brooders," "Practical Poultry," [under charge of A. G. Gilbert, manager Poultry Department, Gov- ernment Farm, Ottawa] etc. New illustrations, critical show reports, 40 to 48 pages monthly. Single copy 5c. Address, Toronto, Ont. Go South, The Soil, Climate, Markets and many other advantages invite you. For free copies of Monthly Journal, and for Maps, Plats, Facts. Figures and full information, write 35 12-t)t H O R T I C U L T U R E A. Jeifers, 1 Main Street, Norfolk, Va. Does the word interest you ? If so, send .50 cents for one year's siihscinptiiin to the North American Horticulturist, C. J. McCormick, Editor, MONROE, NIICH. An Ilustratod Monthly, tlevuted to FRUIT CROWING, FLOWERS, FORESTRY and HOME. A First-class Advertising nuHliiiin reaching thousands of farmers and fruit growers. Here is a nVedium, Mr. Advertiser, that will pay you. Tbe Nebraska pari^f^ Jo'J'^Oal A Monthly Journal Devoted to Agricultural Interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural paper in the West. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. THE NEBRASAFARM JOURNAL, 1123 N. St., LINCOLN, NEB. pri^^C" QZl/1/7/^/ P^Q' Best Ao:ricii!tural and Homo Paper L^C}:..Tr. ^ . ^..^:Z.\. rrJ^. ^' publish.-d at. tlio national capitol. The AMERICAN FARMER and GARDENER; MONTHLY, 50 CENTS PEE YEAR. SpGCIBl Off©r. By mentioning this paper we will send our Farm and Home Magazine, prepaid, six months on trial upon receipt of TEN cents. The American Farmer and Gardener, Washington, D. C, 12:0t REGISTERED ian Hares! If you want some first-class Reg- istered Belgian Hares, write me. Tn order that you may be sure you are getting stock of a straight pedigree and not disqualified, I have decided that all stock jjur- chased of me, that is six months old or over and costing as high as $5 OO per head or more, that 1 will have it registered with 1 he National Belgian Hare Club, of America, without extra charge. I have several of the Best Imported breeding bucks in the country. Fanciers, let me hear from you. J. L. DEVALON, Prop. HillsideRab- bitry, 2525 17th St., Denver, Col 12 «t AiTi o r i G a n F*oultrtjj Farm, F. M. Muiigercfc Sous, DeKalb, 111., tjreedors t)f Plymouth Rocks, Silver and Wliitc Wyandottes, Wliite and Brown Leghorns, tlolden Seabright Bantams, Pearl Guineas, Bronze Turkeys, JERSEY CATTLE; also Pedigreed and iinported BELGIAN HARES, of 'Champion Fashoda," Chamiiion Dasb," "Chatnpion Yukon," "Cliampion Edenboro" and other best imported strains. Twenty-five years experience in breeding. stock and Eggs for sale at all times. Circular and prices on application. Barred and White MON ElY IN Poultry If properly attended to there is much money in raising poultry. Learn how to do it right. Get the experience of old suco'ssful breeders and find a sure way of boeoming inde- pendent by subscribing for Poultry Culture, tlie bcsit edited and most up-to-date poultry magazine in America. Subscription price on'y lifty cents a year. Address Poultry Culture Co., 13-i!t KANSAS CITY. MO. The only strictly agricultural paper published in this State. The only agricultural paper published , every week. It goes to every j^ost office in State of Tennessee and to many offices in Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It is the official organ of the Agricul- tural Department of Tennessee and Live Stock Commission. Subscrip- tion $l.oo per year in advance. W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. for PERFECT BEE SUPPLIES. Are you interested in the South? The Tri-State Farmer and Gardener, published in Chattanooga, Teiiii., is the leading exponent of Southern farm interests. It is edited by the best and most practical farm writers in the South. Subscription price is 50 cents a year. To anyone sending us 25 cents and mentioning this paper, we will send our paper for one year. Sample copy sent upon application. Address: Tri-State Farmer & Gardener, u-Gt Chattanooga, Tenn Bee-keepers who also raise Poultry should not fail to read the Practical Poultryman. It is thoroughly reliable, al- ways interesting and practi- cal, and each issue is worth a year's subscription. Sample copy for the asking. Advertising in it pays, be- cause it reaches buyers. PRINTING S^OR FANCIERS our si)ecialty. Everybody suited with our work and pleased with our low prices. Samples and price list free. Address, Practical Poultryman, ii-«t V/Mtney Point, N.Y. NEVER NEGLECT A COLD OR COUGH Ncsileot .•; Cold or Couvh and If La (irippt! don't aei you. Consumption will- CU^illMAN'S IXHALKK cure? Cokis and all dlseaMes <>1' the breath- way ():is0 cpiiio. Send for Kook on Itlpnihol, free. ¥l'8ll]UN IIUL'UCO., VlMtXNES, IM)., U. S. A. DO YOUR HENS PAY? This woman understands her business, 10 Dozen Eggs at 36c. per dozen from 180 hens in one day. That Egg Basket tells the story. Ten Dozen at 3fio. per doz. in one day form 180 hens Our New Book "llelpH for Poullry Ret'i)er.»(" tells how, explains why so many fail and so few succeed. A Book we can commend with a good conscience as aGRKAT HELP to all Poultry Keepers young or old. Describes 60 varieties of fowls, well Illustrated, and contains a Poultry Keepers Account showing gain or loss monthly ;on heavy 7>aper worth 25 ots. This Book Free with our I'oiiltry Paper one year for 25o. or Book free wlih paper 3 months for lOc. Descriptive circulars Free for stamp to pay postage. Wayside Poultry Co., ClLutouville, Coim. 1 ■ L SPECIAL OFFER. W'liilo tlie regular subscriiition price tor THE 1V1ACIC CITY HOOF AND HORN, a weekly I'rice Current, Live Stock, Fariu and Fireside paper, will remain at One Dollar per year yet, in order to more than double our present cir- culation, we have determined, for a brief period, to allow all of our present subscribers to renew their subscriptions by sending the name of anew subscriber with their own for one dollar, thus get- ting two papers for one year for one dollar. And to all who remit at once we will give, free, a copy of B. J. Kendall's Perfected Receipt Book and a copy of The Magic City Hoof and Horn's Statistical and nistoiical lie view of the Magic City. Two or more new subscribers at the same time will be taken at the same rate. This is below the actual cost of the paper, but we are willing to make the low offer in order to increase our list. Allbery Printing Company, H-ut South Omaha, Nebr. BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. This cut represents our Combined Machine, which is the best ruachine made for use in the construction of Hives, Sections, Boxes, etc. Sent on trial. Send for Cata- logue and Price List. W. F. & John Baknes Co., 9ia Kuby St., Kockford, Beeswax wanted Wewil pay 27 cents cash or 29 cents in goods for good quality of Beeswax, freight paid to FALCON- ER, N.Y. If you have any, ship itto us at once. [Prices subject to clmnge without n-otiee] The W. T. Falconer Mfa:. Co. EGGS IN WINTER Arc easily oMainul xmder ri^ht conditions an4 p-oper attention. Subscribe Tor our iieultrr planer aud learn how. 25 cis. a year. Pa-nple copy freG, THE POULTRY ITEM, Box 190, Fejcks, Pa- Norfolk.Va. For papers, maps, facts and figures, send to A. Jeffors, Norfolk, Va. 2-12 BEE SUPPLIES from LEWIS Tliey are the finest. THOUSANDS OF BEE HIVES, MILLIONS OF SECTIONS, Ready for Prompt Shipment. G- B- LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., Biaiich: G. B. LEWIS CO., 19 So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every xkw .subscriber sending $1.00 for ti-e weekly American Bee Journal for one year will receive a copy of Newman's 160 page "Bees and Honey" free. The old American Bee Journal is great this year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Joumal free. Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, lU. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c, Established 1897. Circulation 5,000. Devoted exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Israel, Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb, HELLO! Do you want some good pure bred POULTRY? We can furnish you ECCS FOR HATCH- ING from fine White Wonder fowls, II. C. B. Leg- horns, B. P. Rocks, Partridge Cochins; S. L., Gold- en and Black Wyandottes, Toulouse Geese, Rouen Ducks and Mammoth Bronie Turkeys. If you want something good send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, Itf The EMreka Poultry Farm, Established 19 years. Hamburg, Wis. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S. BEGINNERS. should have a copy of The Amateur Bee-keeper, a TO page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "It is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price ti cents; by mail 28 cents. The little book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, (a live, progressive, 28 page monthly journal,) one year for 6oc. Apply to any first-class dealer, or address LEAHY MFG- CO., HiggmsviUe.Mo. P" D P" p" Those who contemplate starting 1 1 1 1^ L^ • jjj ^.jjg bee-keeping line should correspond with The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO, of Jamestown, N Y. We have had written, by a noted authority on apicultural matters, W. Z, Hutchinson, a treatise on "Successful Bee-keep- ing." Send your name and address, and a two- cent stamp to pay postage, and we will send you a copy of this valuable little pamphlet free of charge. Anything you may desire to know regarding the best hives and fittings to procure, we will be glad to aid you in. W. M. Gerrlsh, East Nottingham, N. H., keeps a complete supply of our goods, and eastern customers will save freight by ordering of him. The W, T. Falconer Mfg. Co. CLUBBING LIST. We will send The American Bee-keeper with the — PRICE BOTH American Bee Journal $1 00 $1 35 Bee-keepers' Review 1 00 1 S5 Canadian Bee Journal 100 135 Gleanings in Bee Culture 100 135 American Queen 50 60 Modern Culture 1 00 1 00 BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not bad long experience, should have at least one good text book upon the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee-keeping. In ordering by mail be sure to add the amount of postage named: Postage Price, extra. A B C of Bee Culture (A. I. Root) , cloth f 1 00 20c. Bee-keepers' Guide (Prof. A. J. Cook) 1 00 15c. Langstroth on Honey Bee, rev. (Dadant) 1 10 15c. Quinby's New Bee-keeping (Quinby) . . 1 40 10c. Thirty Years Among Bees (Alley) 48 2c. How to Manage Bees ( Vandruff ) 25 5e Amateur Bee-keeper (Rouse) 20 6c. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Jamestown, N.Y. Incubator Free on trial. The PERFECTED YON CULIN = INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every hatchable egg. • Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator. Prices $7. 00 up Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y. Another big Offer! As I have explained in previous advertise- ments, tlie publisher of a good journal can afford to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his journal into new hands. I have in the past made several such offers, but here is one that I consider especially liber- al. If you are not a subscriber to the Bee-keepers' KeVieW, send me $1.30 and I will have your subscription to The American Bee-keepeu renewed for ore year, send you 12 back numbers of THE REVIEW, and then THE REVIEW for all of 1900. Remember two things : You must be a NEW subscriber to THE RE- VIEW, and the order must be sent to W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. tf HOW TO MAKE MONEY With POULTRY & PIGEONS* 36 pn^o book on care, management, building and other plans, receipts and other valuable inft:rmation. Mail- ed for a 2 ct. stamp. H. II. Fuick, Fkicks, Pa. S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railway, Perrine Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. i2tf KTf If, BINGHAM -^•'•J has made all the ira- J provements in ^ Bee Smokers and ^ Honey Knives made in the last 30 years, undoubtedly he makes the best on earth. Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail $1 50 3^ inch 1.10 Knife, 80 cents. ,S inch 1.00 2\4 inch 90 ■^/■^'n§l!?^!!''LluieWonder:-2in; 11 Farwell, tVlich. SUCCESSFUL PIGEON BREEDING. By J. A. Summers. | A practical book, treating in detail all - points for successful Pigeon Breeding. ■ The book contains : I)escri])tions and cuts of the different well-known varieties; Breeding aud- managenient ; Table for Feeding ; Table of the Properties in the various grain; Raising and Pre])aring Squabs for Market; Breeding Houses ; Dis- eases and Remedies, etc. Price 50 cents po.stpaid. The PoT'Ltuy Item one year and Suc- cessful Pigeon Biseeuing, for only GOc. Address, The Poultry Item, Fricks, Pa. (I^Ql^ worth of Bee-keepers' j;^:.^ Supplies FREE ! The publishers of The American Bee-keeper will give, absolutely free, Thirty-five Dollars' worth of Sup- plies, which the recipient may select from their 1901 Full particulars upon request. Write at once. Catalogue, if interested. itf The American Bee-keeper, Falconer, N.Y. ALUMINUM and Non-metallic LEG BANDS, 12 f(ir 15c.; 2;>, 30c.; .^»0, .^Oc; 100, ."gLOO. Spociai prices to deaUM's. P'RTNTTNfi- ' 100 Envelopes 45c.; 350 7.-)C.; 500 $1. 00; 1,000 .ffLT^. 0x93^ •^^-'-•'-' J-i-li vJ • Note Heads, Cards or Shipping Tags same price as envelopes. [3uts to illustrate. Send 10c. for six months' trial subscription to Western Farm- Poultry, 30 pages. Big package Lice Killer 50c.; big pkg. Poultry Compound 50c. l-t;t WACLE PUB. CO., Marshall, Mo. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. $1.00 a year. (Address, CONNECTICUT FARMER, Hartford, Conn tf The American Bee-keeper istheoniy bee jiapor jiublishefl ia the liast and should be supported by all Eastern bee-keepers, especially those in the Empire State. Send in your subscrip- tion;— Dr get up a club. PATENTS fiUARANTEED Our fee returned if we fail. Any one sending sketch and description of any invention will promptly receive our opinion free concerning the patent- ability of same. "How to obtain a patent" sent upon request. Patents secured through us advertised for sale at our expense. Patents taken out through us receive special notice^ without charge, in The Patent Record, an illustrated and widely circulated journal, consulted by Manufacturers and Investors. Send for sample copy FREE. Address, VICTOR J. EVANS A CO,, (Patent Attorneys,) ^VBns Buiiaing, ' WASHINGTON, D, C, ;"S/IL1ER'S SEEOS I \iljU^2^ '•''^'^ '■'' "■ 'luring staloiiipnt. but, Sal- )f7^iJ"S^zei sgceds bear it out every time. ■ ^ Combinat'on Corn. (11 iiistcoriioiieartli.W illpositivel^ E i levolutinnizocoru grin\iiig. ■^mo. \ Billion OollarCrass ^ ^ (Jieatest marvel of IIjl &Kk » 33 tons of hay per nfic. pii -» eiopeix weeks after sown Catalopriie tells. FOR 80c. STAI^PS iiid thi3Nf)TiCE ivo m:iil t g seed critaluj^, 10 Gr:iin '^iniplesinchidiii,'above, also , ^1 eltz (80 bu. jHT A.) Oats, I ( II bushel i..r A.) Rape, ».^ .— -^-^ Bar' y(173buperA)i>ea(jut, etc.WorthflO.togetastart. John A. Salzei* Seed Co. La Crosse. ' M ■ M ITI The Northwest Magazine. B(3aiitifully printed and illustrated and with over 30,000 monthly circulation among the most progressive Farmers, Fruit Urowers and Agricultural Special- ists of the-great Northwest; Is an Exceptionally Profitable Medium to Advertise In. It goes to nearly (nery postoffico be- tween Wisconsin and the Pacific Coast, and is read by business tnen and every- body. For 1901 advertising rates, address THE NORTHWEST MAGAZINE, St, Paul, Minn. The FANCIERS' ^ i^ We mail tlie followini; rare seod noveUiea. Ipki;. liliK' llliiiid 'I'iMiiiidi Seed, $ 15 1 •• Niiilheiri l.i'iiiiiii hc-d, .J5 1 " Jiatiia-s F:noril(. matter with your fowls when they are sick, and will give you the sure.st cure. Every poultry ■ raiser needs it. Price 2.5 cents, post jiaid. ' Publisheil by the Eureka Mfg. Co.. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 't!!^ East St. Louis, 11 A monthly pouUry paper of from 40 to 60 pages, which keeps at the front as a genuine,- high-class poultry publication. It also issues illus- trations of fowls in their natural colors. It is devoted to poultry raising in all of its branches. Send your address to it for a free copy. The price of the paper per year is 50 cents, six months 25 cents W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. for PERFECT BEE SUPPLIES. Are you interested in the South? The Tri-State Farmer and Gardener, published in ChattanoOt3a, I'enu., is the leading exponent of Sontliern farm interests. It is edited by the best and most practical farm writers in the South. ■ Subscription price is 50 cents a year. Tq anyone sending us 25 cents and mentioning this paper, we will send our pa])er for one year. Sample copy sent upon application. Address: - Tri-State Farmer & Gardener, U-ot Chattanooga, Tenn Bee-keepers who also raise Poultry should not fail to read the Practical Poultryman. It is thoroughly reliable, al- ways interesting and practi- cal, and each issue is worth a year's subscription. Sample copy for the asking. Advertising in it pays, be- cause it reaches buyers. PRINTING FOR FANCIERS our specialty. Everybody suited with our work and pleased with our low prices. Samples and price list free. Address, Practical Poultryman, u-6t Whitney Point, N.Y. NEVER NEGLECT A GOLD OR COUGH Xi'uii'i'o .-; Cold or Cou'-'h and if La (■jriDpc ildii't i.'Ht you. Consumption will ^„ CUSHMAM'S IXriALER cures^i!; colds and all diseases of the breath way |i;isX INHALER liiinriy to drive off a p#? cold or coiiifh or «ore throat at C I Its very tirst approach. !.'. If ynii ciin't itfl it nt DrDsrelsts send for it. By mnll, 50 cpnts. Send for Korili nii .llonllioU free. CUSIinAN IIUL'OCO., VIXCEN.NKtj, l.NU., U. S. A. 00 YOUR HENS PAY? This woman understands her business, 10 Dozen Eggs at 36c. per dozen from 180 hens in one day. That Egg Basket tells the story. Ten Dozen at Wo. pe'^do/, iii one d t\ foim 180 hens Our ^e\v Hook' ||oli»r,ior I'oullrv Ke«'i>«T^ tells how, explains wny so many ran and so lew succeed. A Book we can coinmend with a good conscience as aGKEAT HELP to all Poultry Keepers young or old. Describes 60 varieties of fowls, well illustrated, and contains a Poultry Keepers Account showing gainorlossmonthly.onheavy paper worth 2.5 cts. This Book Free with our Poultry Paper one year for 25 o. or Book free with paper S months for 10c. Descriptive circulars Free for stamp to pay postage. Wayside Poultry Co., Clintonville, Conn. SPECIAL OFFER. While the regular subscription pripe for THE MAGIC CITY HOOF AND HORN, a weekly Price Current, Live Stock. Farm and Fireside paper, will remain at One Dollar per year yet, in order to more than double our present cir- culation, we have deterinined, for a brief period, to allow all of our present subscribers to renew their subscriptions by sending the name of anew subscriber with their own for one dollar, thus get- ting two papers for one year for one dollar. And to all who remit at once we will give, free, a copy of B. J. Kendall's Perfected Receipt iiook and a copy of T.he Magic City Hoof and Horn's Statistical and Historical Review of the Magic City. , Two or more new subscribers at the same time will be taken at the same rate. This is below the actual cost of the paper, but we are willing to make the low offer in order to increase our list. Allbery Printing Company, ii-t;t South Omaha, Nebr. BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. This cut represents our Combined Machine, which is the best machine made for use in the construction of Hives. Sections, Boxes etc. Sent on trial. Send for Cata- logue and Price List. W. F. A John Barn-es Co., 913 Ruby St., Rockford, The Modern Farmer and Busy Bee, Edited by Emerson Taylor Abbott, who is well-known among .bee-keepers, is push- ing to the front rapidly as a general farm paper. Send for their Premium List and get up a club. They are making some of the most liberal offers ever made by a publisher. Address at once, Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mo. n-tf FREE Write for Free Premium List Jewelry, Tovs. rseful Artifles. j\One of the above First-Class articles win be Riven Uto any one sending 2)0 for one year's snbscriptinn (/to onr great Poultry, Agricultural and Home Pa]!er, /) Address Poultry and Farm, Box 672, Baltimore, Md. MuutiOQ American Bee-keeper wlieu writing. "Ad" Free. An Investment. We wish to push onr circulation over the 10,000 mark and to do this give away advertisements. For a Silver Quarter, Paper ore year and 20 word ad, in our popular Breeder's Column lor two months. Poultry and Belgian Hares our subject. Ever Hear of the Like? Take it in now for it won't always last. Address Fanciers' Guide, Montpelier, Ind. Formerly American Pet Stock Journal, but much enlarged. Hare Book, 25c. extra. 11-Ot ^ Boys and Girls -f wanted to get subscribers for the Poultry, Bee & Fruit Journal. A montlily journal that every poultry man, fruit grower, bee-keeper or farmer needs. It is S.ic. per year. You get it for 25c. and so make lOc. on each sub- scriber you get. Yon keep your com- mission out before sending money to us. TO HELP YOU we will give a choice of 30c. worth of books from our list of good ICc. books in our paper to each subscriber you get. 30 cents worth of good read- ing and our ;i5c. monthly journal all for 35c. Send at once and be the first in your locality. Address Poultry, Bee and Fruit Journal, Davenport, Iowa. -^ Men and Women -f Early Late Queens. Our strain of Italians we believe to be unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our location being farther South than that of any other breeder in the United Slates, we can ship queens any day in the year. No disease. Untested queens ll.oo each. Special prices quoted on special queens, and on quantities. We guarantee safe delivery of queens to all parts. Our mating grounds are situated 2^ miles from the mainland, on an island. SOUTHERN BEE COMPANY, Fort Pierce, Indian River, H. E. Hill, Mgr. Fla., U. S. A. 12tf "Rome was not built in a day," neither was our reputation. Bee-keepers' Supplies, well and accurately made, of the very best and soundest materials; such goods as have gained for us a name and standing second to none, are manufactured and for sale by The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. You've heard of us. BIK. ARTHTK C. MILLER. (See page 25.) Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. Vol. XI FEBRUARY, 1901 No. 2 NOTES FROM THE ONTARIO CO. (N.Y.) BEE-KEEPERS'CONVENTION. BY F. GKEIXEK. THE bne-keepers of Ontario County and vicinity convened in Canan- dai^ua, as had been advertised in the bee journals and local papers, on December 13 and 14, 1900. The sessions were well attended, quite a number of counties being represented. An important.change was made in the Constitution, which on the face may seem unimportant, viz.: Voted to raise the membership fee from 50 cents to $1. Half of this amount is, to be sent to the National Bee-keepers' Association; thus each member of the local association will also be a member of the National. The advantages of belonging to the national body were broughr, vividly to the minds of the bee-keepers by the re- cent Utter case. The interest of the bee-keepers and the safety of the pur- suit are at stake. Awake, brother bee- keeper, send in your mite, join the National Association and thus help carry on the war against ignorance and malice. The programme was carried out with some changes. In his address of wel- come Mr. H. L. Case spoke in a very interesting manner. He said: The interest in a business is largely governed by the success of those engag- ed in the pursuit. As a rule the bee- keepers are determined and enthusiastic and even after years of small profits tliey hold on with hope. If it were not for the fascinatidu and love many a one would diop out of the ranks. \Ve are living in an age of great advancement. I remember well, when a boy, my father keepintr many skeps of bees; yet I don't remember at that time that I ever saw a queen bee, and I don't think my father ever did. At times my father would leave me all alone with the sixty or more colonies of bees, and what a time I had — a swarm hanging in the utmost top of a maple tree, another clustered in a crotch of an old apple tree, or amidst tlie wild grape vine in the fence, prime and after-swarms all in confusion, anougli to drive one mad: and only a boy to untie the Gortlian knot. What a dif- ference between then and now! With queen's wings all clipped my boy can take care of an equally large number of colonies with ease. Instead of the un- sightly six-pound box. the neat one-pound section, bee-escape to remove the tilled boxes, etc.. etc. It was a great step in advance when father bought of Air. Langstroth himself the right to make his hive. I can well remember the pleasant old gentleman. At those times, it seems, we had better honey seasons, one colony sometimes yielding twenty to twenty-eight four-pound boxes. As a class we bee keepers ditfer in many respects from other people. W'e are pleasant to meet, we are hobbyists, ex- perimenters, giving freely to the bee- fraternity anything new we may have discovered etc. To close, now, we extend a cordial welcome to all present, visitors, friends, members of the Association. Of the President's address it will suf- fice at this time to say that he outdid himself in all previous eflforts. Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson then spoke on THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Fchruory the production of comb honey. A very important point he made was tliis: As soon as it is advisable to put on tlie honey boxes or supers give a suppr full of drawn comb. This will keep the hon(!y out of the brood-chamber and start the bees rio-jit. Empty sections, or such iillcd with foundation, do not till the bill here. When the bees once get in the habit of storing their honey above, they are apt to continue thus throughout the season; when they form a habit of lillingtlie brood-chamber witii honey at the beginning of the season, they then are slow to enter the sections any time after. Mr. Hutchinson had observed that by giving supers full of drawn comb a case of honey was gained above what other equally as good colo- nies had made supplied with empty sec- tions. The swarms are treated according to the Heddon plan. Mr. Hntciiinson had done a good deal of experimenting witli young swarms, hiving tliem alter- nately on combs, foundations and start- ers. The combs always gave the poorest results with him, and the foundation, aside from insuring perfect combs, proved a total loss. No young swarm is allowed more than five L frames or one section of the Heddon hive. Contraction is only practiced on the young swarms. He has come to the conclusion that it is not always profitable to supply the bees with foundation. During a good flow he claims wax is produced anyhow and if there is no opportunity to use it some- where a large portion of it is lost. And after all he expressed his opinion that good, straight worker combs were not too dear at the expense of the founda- tion. Mr. E. R. Root then gave a talk on bee diseases. He can easily tell foul brood from blaek brood, but cannot so easily tell pickled brood from black brood. When the perforations through the capi)ings have a ragged edge you have foul brood; when not, it is very likely black brood. It seems the disease must be making considerable progress and is distrib\ited ov-cd Queens versus Imported." He holds that we must grow our own queens in order that they may be acclim- ated and adapted to one's locality and mauauement. By cuntinuously produc- ing comb honey the bees, he thinks, will develop into a comb honey strain. If you practice cellar wintering they be- come a strain that will winter well in the cellar etc. He believes that most of the money we have paid out for queens h IS b ^en worse than tiirown away. Mr. Olmstead could not see that it could have any influence upon the progeny of the queen what sort of worlv the wor,iWAKTH5IORE. It is now the Inst of October and I yet have a lot of fine drones in flight on pleasant days. I shall preserve them as long as possible for experimental purpo- ses in securing long-tongued golden bees. I have had no trouble the past season to secure all the drones I wanted from the fine queens. I used several different methods to encourage their production and then took good care to preserve tbem afier I had secured them, If one continually takes away the drone eggs from a colony that feels tlie want of male bees and supplies plenty of empty comb that has been polished up by queenless bees, I believe a shortage in drones should never occur. By tier- ing empty bodies above those colonies containing tlie drone queens and placing from time to time any and all brood and honey one knows not what else to do with, during midsummer time, plenty of drones will be flying at a time when they are much needed. Feeding a little each day at this time will accomplish the same end, but that is a good deal of trouble, while the oJier method works in with the everyday tasks. In urgent cases I sometimes take away a queen for a few days and re-introduce her. Feed all the while before and after and provide plenty of nice drone comb taken from queenless bees. By closing down the ventilation and strengthening with hatching brood most any bees will re- quest their queen to put in some drone eggs before they will stand the jam many days. By grafting patches of drone comb along the bottom of square combs one is apt to secure at least a comb or two containing eggs. By any of the above metiiods young queens will give dione eggs every time if introduced to a colony that has been queenless three or four days. An important point is to preserve your drones after you have secured them and in the meantime bend every effort to produce more. Swarthnjore, Pa. BLACK BROOD. Some Interesting Peculiarities of the Disease Revealed by Experience. BV ,J. H. JOHNSON. IN the fall of 1897 I bought two bar- rels of buckwheat honey from two bee- keepers in New York State (I can give their names if desired). To this honey the bees got access. Next spring (1898) as I was making my round of the apiary, clipping queens' wings, I came upon a colony greatly re- duced in bees and brood; there was brood of a few hands' size, mostly un- sealed, in the center of three frames, but such as I had never seen. The larvfe were of a yellowish or light coffee color, with black-like spots on each and apparently dead. I had read of foul- broftd. Looked for described symptoms. They seemed not to tally. No abnor- mal smell nor yet that ropiness said to be peculiar to foul-brood. So I ad- judged it to be not that disease. Think- ing it to be chilled brood or some other harmelss malady,! proceeded to run the risk of spreading the disease broadcast over the apiary by exchanging the frames of the diseased stock with healthy ones; my object being to build up the stricken colony. It would not build up. For a few weeks the acces- sion of young hatched bees was visible, then all combs were again diseased with the malady. Think I gave more capped brood, but. to no purpose. They grew weaker, scarcely any young bees were hatched. In September I brimstoned them and buried everything except the hive, cover and division boards more than plow deep. In June of same year I discovered No. 2 of black brood. In early spring they seemed strong and I put on surplus boxes. On passing the hive one day in June I perceived their weakened condition. Thinking a swarm had issued, I opened the hive to exam- ine ; but worse than if a swarm had de- camped: I found that peculiar disease. As they were badly diseased and weak. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER February I decided to brimstone tlieni; but as I was very busy tlien, I closed the hive for a time. The hive was neglected until one day in July, when I siw rob- ber bees carrying the supposed diseased honey from the hive. I was horror- stricken. Picliing up tiie hive, I car- ried it to a near-by stream, killed and shook what bees I could into the water and then carried it into the shop. I supposed this to be a reckless act, yet I did it. I no A^ begin to fear and dread the disease. Was it contagious ? To what extent ? I resolved to experiment and to become more alert and careful. I took two diseased frames from, the shop, inserted them in a s^trong four- frame nucleus in the beginning of August. In two weeks they were badly diseased; but as they were strong and had stopped brood-rearing, they fllled their six frames solid with buckwheat honey. I brimstoned them — a needless act, I think — rendered the honey and burned the wax. The apiary was now put up for win- ter. During the winter I thoughtrauch upon the disease. To what extent could it, or would it run ? Had I better quit bee-keeping and commence anew in another locality ? These were questions that passed through ray mind. Spring of 1S99 opened; I looked for disease. Found none in March, April or May. Felt more hopeful; but in June eight cases turned up, with seemingly a few more slightly attacked. ii'ive of these had cast swarms, and when, after five or seven days I came to return them, I found the dreaded malady. I returned only two of the five swarms, resolving to give the remaining three the heroic treatment of brimstone. Tlie parent stocks with returned swarms gathered surplus lioney about like otlier colonies and have had seemingly healthy biood since. Of the three colonies which I intended to brimstone, two reared queens of their own, one of which re- ceived an accession of bees from a stray swarm, built up solid for winter, while the other, being light in stores, was fed sugar i-yrup. liotii have had healthy brood since. The remaining one of the five that had cast swarms, failed to rear a queen, but became heavy with honey, and I brimstoned them. One thing more at this time troubled me. Tliose five swarms from black- broody parent stocks, had they carried the disease to other bees as they min- gled in the air with many other swarms and eventually clustered with them and were divided and hived with them? According to observation afterwards they had not. In early June I had found a sixth colony afflicted with black brood. They were rather reduced in numbers; brood not very badly affected. I tried to build them up. Gave frames of capped brood two or three times. The disease re- mained, but the bees gained in numbers. They seemed to make a heroic fight against the disease; at times making a loud, buzzing noise and fanni;)g violent- ly with their wings: but as they did not prevail against the malady, I brimstoned them. There were yet during the same sea- son, a few days later, two more serious cases — a combination of drone-laying queens with black-brood combined. I brimstoned both. In all cases I used the hives again with good results, after charring them with burning straw. In lltOO I do not know that I found any real case of black-brood, though I saw a few suspicious-looking cases; but Isuppose it was not black-brood, as they did equally well with the rest, excei)t one two-frame nucleus. This had what I feared to be black-brood. I closed it then, being busy. A few weeks later found it queenless, broodless and very few bees. I brimstoned it. SU.MMAKY OF RESULTS. Not a single colony that retained its queen and unsealed brood recovered. Every colony made queenless and was deprived of its unhealed brood, though 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 29 retaining tlieir old brood-nest of corab and honey, recovered. DEDUCTIONS 1st. Tliat tlie malady is not retained by the mature bees, but with the un- sealed brood and with a mixture of honey and black-broody matter gotten by straining or extracting combs contain- ing unsealed brood. 2nd. That colonies with no unsealed brood can use upblaclc-broody hoiiey and cleanse their combs of decayed black- brood, after which they can taise brood and build up. 3rd. That honey stored by black- broody colonies selilom, if ever, by itself alone, carries the disease. Middaghs, Pa., Jan. 1, 1901. [Mr. Johnson keeps, ordinarily, about one hundred colonies. — Ed. J Our Amateur Table. A NUT WITH A DOLLAR IN IT. A peculiar instance of a swarm ab- sconding from colony having a clipped queen, is iclated in one of our ex- changes. In order that all may have a chance as nearly equal as possible, we shall liave to omit the credit for the present. All the queens in a certain apiary had been clipped. One day during the season a swarm issued from one of these colonies having a clipped queen. The apiarist had been anticipating the event and had, as a result, been carefully watching tais colony. He had not, however, been anticipating that it would immediately leave for the woods and there remain, which it did. An ex- amination of the colony elicited the fact that the clipped queen was still in the hive, though most of the bees had de- parted. The weather for a few days previous to the swarming had been un- favoiable for swarming and none had issued. The gentleman who relates th6 story offers a very plausible explanation of the cause and accounts for the condi- tions which would result as did this. Here is an opportunity to do some wholesome thinking during the winter evenings. Only amateur bee-keepers are eligible to compete, and of those only such as are not in arrears. The first ^jorrect reply mailed to the editor of The Amekican Bee-keepeb will take the dollar. The question is : What were the con- ditions which made this occurrence possible and most likely were the cause? SECURING AN ITALIAN-CARNIOLAN CROSS. Leeper, Pa., Dec. 26, li^OO. I have four colonies of Hybrids which I want to transform into Carniolans, aiming to have the young queens mated with Italian drones. How shall I pro- ceed to get the best results? Shall I, after the Carniolans have swarmed, divide the combs into four groups of two each with other empty or full combs and place them on the stands of the hybrids after moving and uniting the original hybrids, also giving some of their brood to the prospective Carniolan colonies, or shall I leave the Carniolan brood-nest intact, only removing as many queen-cells as may be required, replacing the hybrid queens with them? H. Heffner. [The success of your project will de- pend largely upon your ability to sup- press drones of undesirable sorts and provide an ample supply of pure Italians within flight of your queens. Presup- posing the existence of this condition in your vicinity, perhaps you will best succeed as follows : When the Carniolan colony, from which it is desired to breed, begins to construct .|ueen-cells preparatory to swarming, form a half-dozen nuclei from the bees and maturing brood of other colonics. After all the brood in these nuclei is sealed, remove every 30 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Febrnai^j queen-coll and allow them to renvain in this condition for twenty-four hours, when the Carniolan cells may be given. The two extra nuclei are started a* a provision ajjainst a possible loss of one or two of the queens. When tiie young queens r.re laying, the nuclei may be doubled up with the undesirable hybrid colonies, after having deprived them of their qnepns and otherwise conditioning them for the reception of a new mother. Here is another way : and one which might prove more satisfactory, inasmuch as it wiill give you the Advantage of a longer use of tLe superior queens which you desire : By early stimulative feeding induce the best Italian colony to rear a quan- tity of drones, before tliey are Hying from other hives. This will be reaeily accomplished b/ placing one or two good orood-combs in the center of the brood-nest. When drone-brood is well under way, remove the queen with enough bees to form a nucleus; allow them to remain queenless until all brood is sealed, and remove every (|ueen-ccll. Now grafn ten or a dozen larvte from your Carniolan queen into artificial cell- cups and give them to the queenless bees. On the elevcMith day thereafter the colony may be divided into as many nuclei as is desired, and each provided with one of the best-looking cells. In forming nuclei it is important that they be removed to a distant location for a time, or else that they be con lined, with plenty of ventilation, for a day or two before permitting the bees to fly. The plans you suggest will work all right, so far as the rearing of queens is concerned, providing you do not think it an advantage to keep the hybrids at work until you have the you'ng Carni- . olans reared and beginning to lay. — -Ed.] AN IDEA RELATING TO COMP-HONEY rRODUCTION. Stroudsburgi Pa., Jan. 2, 1901. I use dummy boxes to take the place of four-frames in the brood-nest, to get my bees to working in the sections. This method works wull with strong colonies; but I hived two swarms on foui -frames and they each filled a num- ber of sections; and I think they would have done better had 1 allowed them more room In the brood-nest at the start. Swarms have to be hived back for the best results in comb-honey production, and tills would l;e handy lo do if the hive were divided into two parts with perforated zinc and zinc also used at the entrance; to the brood-frames. Three wide frames with sections could be u>ed on one side of the hive, which c )uld be taken out and placed in a full- depth story on top of the frames, and t!ie swarm hived in that half of the hive, m jving the zmc entrance-guard over to that side. This zinc should be removed when a swarm issues. The brood nest can be increased to eight frames by having a movable stick along the bot- tom of the partition. W. D. Walton. [We believe it will be necessary for Mr. Walton to go more fully into details of his plan, in order that a clear under- standing may be had of the arrange- ment. Just vyliat the "dummy boxes" are, will not be generally understood. Do you really think that hiving back is necessary to the best results in produc- ing comb-honey, Mr. Walton? Why not gratify that natural inclination to swarm, and then throw the working force into the sections by the Heddon plan?— Editor.] Spring Creek, Pa., Jan 14, 1001. Editor American Bee-keeper: — As I see Brother Parker has broken the ice for a bee-hunting discussion I will take a hand in the game. I also have spent many pleasant days looking for the little fellows in the woods. Our method of hunting them probably differs, as it does in other business. I have a small box with two compartments; one end has a glass in the lid in which I carry a piece of comb, and, in the other a bottle of honey and a small vial of wheat (lour. I made the box thirty years ago, when only fifteen years old. When I want a day of recreation in the fall of the year I take my box and dinner and start for a likely place. If there are weeds for the bees to work on I have no trouble in getting them started. I always try 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 31 to (iiid a littlo, black fellow, for wIumi I do have to take up with those that have two or three yellow bands, I seldom get honey enough to pass around to the boys that help cut the tree; and then they say bee hunting is a fraud. My method of hunting is: When I get them to work I take a spear of grass and wet one end in my mouth and dip it into the flour and mark a bee. When she leaves the bo\ I look at my watch; when she comes back I can tell very near where she pats up over night. I then close the boK with a few bees in it and m )Vii in t'le direction in which they go. If I don't get near enough the lirst time so that they can make a trip in thre3 minute?, I move again, and when they do rjUirn in three minutes I hnd th;Mn Witliin live to seven ro:ls of the box. A frieni of mine and myself were out hunting one day, two years ago, and found four trees in about six hour-;. I have taken as high as two hundred pounds of as nice honey as I ever saw from one tree. Yours for thirty days, A. E. Johnson. Parkertown, O., Dec. 19, 1900. Editor Bee-Keepkr: The queen- rearing number of The American Bee- BlEEper at hand. I desire to congratu- late you on the same. I shall certainly try some of the methods given. I also note what you say in regard to losing queens wlien unsealed brood is absent. You asK as to whether feeding will not take the place of this unsealed brood. Will say that in my experience it will to a certain extent. We now have permanent feeders attached to all our nuclei and at a time when no honey is coming in we always practice feeding; but we notice that things always go along more smoothly when unsealed larvaj is present. Yours truly, H. G. QuiRiN. propounded in the November number we regret r to note that none of them appear to have correctly solved them all, as was necessary to claim the dol- lar. We have therefore given a new problem this month; and append our own solution to those preceding: First. The reply by Mr. Saunders, in the January number, is in our opinion, correct. Second. It seems the most natural thing in the world under such condi- tions, for this little queenless colony to endeavor to perpetuate their existauce by exercising their egg-laying power. The fact that but one egg was found in the cell, was doubtless due to lack of more mature age, which is necessary to the full development of the laying notion in workers. Third. Messrs. Johnson and Saun- ders (January number) have both, un- doubtedly, the correct idea. Fourth. More room, or more bees to ca?e for the brood — perhaps both. Mr. Johnson, undoubtedly had this idea in mind wlien he suggested "a dose of No. 10 brood frames." A "No 10 brood frame," however, is a Twentieth Cen- tury development in apiarian nomencla- ture, which Mr. Johnson will have to explain. — Ed. the NOVEMBER QUESTIONS. Of the several replies to the questions Typewriters and Cameras, If any reader of The Bee-keeper is contemplating the purchase of a plioto- graphic outfit or a writing machine, I sliould be pleased to have him corres- pond with me before placing an order for either. I am in a position to offer new instruments of the highest grade, direct from the manufacturers, at the lowest possible prices. Respectfully, H. E. Hill. Fort Pierce, Fla. We want each of our subscribers to address a number of postal cards for us during this month. Will you have an evening to spare? If you will, write us for particulars. We'll furnish the cards and make a proposition that will be interesting to you, if you will request it. 32 THE American bee-keeper February SOME QUEENS I KNEW. BY J. O. GKIMSLEY. NOT that I expect to jfive any button-removing experience that would remind you of "The Blunders of a Bashful Man,'" nor that I will tell of any grand receptions by European royalty, do I venture to re- late a little experience with royal blood; but that there are queens — good, bad and indifferent — with which I have been acquainted; I wish to speak. A considerable portion of my time for the past seven years has been spent in experimental work. At first, novice- style, it was more a curiosity, but as time passed it changed into something practical, and became, in reality, ex- perimental. But now for an introduc- tion to some of my royal acquaintances. Two queens that I never will forget — I wish I could forget them for they haunt me — were Italians of my own raising, and, besides being perfect beauties, were very prolific, and their workers were the best I had. But of all the bees I ever had they were the hardest to handle, although they were uniform, three-band, pure Italians, ac- cording to the A. I. Root test. At that time I was hardly more than a novice, and thought I must have gentle bees, or none at all: so after worrying with them for some time, I brought the keen edge of my pen-knife into play, severing their bodies in twain. Oh! that Cogshall could have had those queens; they would not have been treated thus! Another queen I often think of was one of short acquaintance. She was of Carniolan origin, but was so peculiar (her bees were) I became very much interested. Late one afternoon I spent some time looking at the workers as th(^y quietly crawled over the combs, causing air castles to form, only to be wrecked later on. These bees were an intense black, and the hair covering their body was ahnost snow white. Draw on your imagination as to the appearance of snch bees. Well, early next morning — about seven o'clock — this royal lady and her colony pulled out for the mountains, where I suppose she lived in peace— if she didn't starve to death. There were other queens, .however, that will be considered with greater in- terest by Bee-keeper readers. Pro- curing cells by removing the queen and letting bees select the larvae is a popu- lar method with a few who rear queens, but to the close observer it soon comes into disfavor. I reared a great many in that way for myself and neighbors, and I can s:iy without hesitation that they were as fine looking as any queens, it matters not how they were raised. But there is trouble ahead. I care not how beautiful or how large, with me queens reared in that way are a failure. No, not altogether, for about twenty-five per cent, of them will be all right, and keep their colony up in good working order, while the other seventy-five per cent, are not prolific enough to be worth anything, only to look at. I suppose, and the idea with me has bcon for a long time that a neglected or old larvji has the reproduc- tive organs poorly developed. Well, of course, the larva that is treated for a queen from the day (or hour) it hatches has mufh b(!tter development than one neglected for two or three days. And my expcrirui-c with "(Jueens I Knew'' is that bi'os do not always select larvae of the proper age. But the time came when I would have grafted cells or none, sehn-ting tlici youngest larva that could be handled. By this method it was quiie different — fully ninety p«r cent of such queens were as prolific as we could desire. With queens that I knew, the size was nut anything like an index to character; I often found large, fine looking queens almost barren, iwen under favorable circumstances. At one time I was almost convinced that it was best to use royal jelly from about a three-day larva, but further experience imt THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 33 showcHl that the age and amount of jt'lly amounted to little, as the nurse bees take tliat business in hand and feed according to their own notions. You probably want to know what quoeu 1 knew produced the prettiest bees, and that is an easy question. An Albino mated to a Golden drone, mak- inj;; a five-band Albino worker. Oh, what beauties! They were very gentle, and weie good workei'S, The best workers? Wt^ll, that is harder to aiiswer, as I have known quite a number that were extraordinary. But try all I may, I can't pass a colony headed by a Holyland queen mated in an apiary of three-band Italians. These, too, were pretty, but a veil came in handy when I was any where near. Becville, Tenn. PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. The Wonderful Work Which Will Attract Millions of People to Buffalo Next Year. THE Bureau of Publicity of the Pan- American Exposition has just issued a very complete booklet descriptive of the enterprise to be held at Buffalo next year. The booklet contains forty-eight pages with one hundred and twenty-one titles and eighty-two illus- trations. The publicity up to the pres- ent tiiut; has been piecemeil, bringing out the various features as they have developed, but an examination of tliis booklet gives to the reader a very com- prehensive idea of the splendid charac- ter of the Exposition. The total cost of the Exposition, exclu- sive of exhibits, is now estimated at SIO.000.000. Of this amount about $3,003,000 will be expended upon tlie Mid- way. The sum for the Midw.iy is more than the total cost of some very jiretentious expositions, so that by comparison one may gain a very fair idea of the work which Buffalo is carrying rapidly to completion. A beautiful lamlscape comprising three hundred and fifty acres, half a mile wide and a mile ami a • O' (0. 4- 3- C (0- o- IL (0 © >-. a. E ILi! i+- O- CL. 3- o> CD) 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 35 every line of humaia activity. The gates of tfee exposition will oi>eii on May I, 1981. continuing siv months. Buf- falo, a city of nearly 400,000 jKcinilation, one of the most charming cities of the world, void having a climate ten degrees cooler than any other city of the northern states in summer, is j^i-eparing to welcome millions of strangers to its gates next year. pected later in the day; the weather in- stincts of the little cr-eatures apparently leading them to make up time in advance. Wasps an 1 hornets ara said to have the weather instinct over a still longer range. INSECTS AS WEATHER PROPHETS, A great deal of our most {wpular weather lore is wholly superstitious, ascril>ing pro- phetic virtues to the weather of particular days of the week. Saints' days, and even to the mova')le feast days, says the Lo?idfm Ntws. Although it is interesting enough in its way, that kind of weather lore can hardly be taken as a relial)le guide. It is from the habits and instincts of animals, properlj' observed, that we can learn more weather wisdom of the scientific sort than from almost any other source, and, of all animals, insects are among the most inter- esting to study in this connection. Bees are excellent weather prophets. There is a common country saying that "a bee was never caught in a shower," When rain is impending, bees do not go far afield, but ply their labor in the im- mediate neighborhood of their hives. This well-authenticated fact is set forth in the rhyme which t«lls that When bees to distance wing their flight, Days are warm and skies are bright; But when their flight ends near their home, Stormy weather is sure to cohie. Virgil was evidently aware of this bee instinct for coming rain, and describes {in Georgics IV.) the insects as "searching the skias to find out breeding storms." Just before rain the homing bees may be observed entering the hive in large num- bers, while none corns out again. When that is observed, the observer may confi- dently follow the good example and seek shelter. And, again, when bees are seen vigorously at work very early in the morning, unsettled weather may be ex- LITERARY NOTES. Theodosia Burr's remarkable life story is capi- tally toJd by an iKlruiring wntc^r in the February Ladies Home Journal. Such extremes o£ joy aad sorrow as were the lot of "The Beautiful Uaughter of Aarou Burr " come to few women The story of the famous hymn, "Neardr. My tioJ to Thee." and a close view of its brilliant author, are united in "A Woman to u'hoiu Fame Came After Death." How we Ret and keep the correct time is explained in ' The Clock by wnich we Set Our Watches;" and "The Buffaloes of (ioodnight Kanch" is a record of the only Herd of North American bison owned by a wom.in. I.ovirs of "'Oranford ' — and they are legion —will be delighted with the dra- matic version in the Febru.iry -Journal. Tiirouah El ward Bok representative wen and women journalists emphatically settle the oft-disputed question. 'Is the Newspaper Office the Place for a Uirl.'" There sjems to be but one opinion among those who should know most on the subject. "The Problem of the Boy," "\Vhy One Alan Succeeds and His Brother Fails," and ' The Trying Time Between Mother and Daughter" are all thoughtful articles. Architecture, the fashions, culinary matters, and all themes interesting women are amply treated. By the Curtis Publishing Com- pany, Phiadelphia. One dollar a year; ten cents a copy. Outing for February rangas in home sports from "American Figure Skating" to 'A Blue Fishing Partn,3rship" in Florida; and geographically from "Fuegians on a CJuanaco Hunt," to 'Tnclimbed Peaks in the Canadian Rookies " Abroad it em- braces".South African .Antelope Hunting 'and ''Sail and Paddle in the Soutli Seas." Its leading article, '"Wild .Motherhood," by Charles (1. D. Koberts, wjll d'jserves its place as a master study of primal instincts, and for its illustrations by Arthur Heming Somj of the other interesting articles arj: "Theory of Teaching Golf," "An Angling Dsmoaracy," "Fox Hunting in Virginia," "Coon Hunting in Michigan," "Automobile De- ve'opm3nt," "Am3ric»n Gama Preserves," 'Good and Bad Bits," ' The Winter Woods," "The Story of the Sporting Gun," "Upland Shooting in Ore- gon." "vVild Black Ducks for Decoys," and a study of ! 'John Burroughs." the naturalist. The Outing Publishing Company, 239 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Modern Culture Magazine has suffered a griev- ous loss in the djath of its business manager, Mr. Alvah D, Hudson, but the February magazine following his daath suffers neither in timeliness n^r in fullness of interest. "A Koman St. Valen- tine's Day," by William Warner Bishop, and "Love's Little Diary," a beautiful poem by Edgar Fawcett head the list of contents. Sculpture at the Pan-American E.vposition by N. Hudson Moore is beautifully illustrated. "Glimpses of Life in the Philippines" and the second of Marion Har- land's Virginian Tales are delightful and interest- ing. "The House Bahind the Cedars " reaches a tragic ending in this numbar and a new serial, "Beyond tha Pale," by Leo Warren, begins. ' The American Architect's Annual is a very attractive article and "The Circus in Winter tiuarters" will please even "boys grown tall." The Lanier lee- 3(1 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER February tnrps on "ShakPST)pare"s Tiinp" en<\ in this num- ber. "Aaron Burr" and "WasIiinc;ton"s Ablest Ally" are the historical articles, while the uiar- riat^e of (Jueen Wilhelniina lenrls i.iterest to "A Royal Bride " Modern Culture Ma^azin'^ Co., Nos. Tl'.t, T21 Caxton Bnil lin'^, Cleveland, Ohio. PUBLISHED .MONTHLY BV THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, ElJlTOR. Terms: '. Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 85cts. ; 3 copies, *1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada; U) cents extra to all countries in tlie postal union, and 20 cents e.Ktra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, !l words; $3.00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per Cent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Adveiiiseinents must be received on or before the l.')th of eacli month to insure insertion in the month following. ^^Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The A.MEKiCA.N Beb-keepeb, Falconer, N.Y. t^~ Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. fW Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. t^~ A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. P)ease give the matter your early attention. Keep in mind the prize contest. Propolis is now used as an in- gredient in a fine leather polish. It is possible that this product of the apiary will have a commercial value in the future. (tleonhu/s states that Mr. Frank Benton sold twenty- five pounds of it. Note the quantity and quality of orioinal matter in the recent past, present and future numbers of The Bee-keeper; then, if you are in any way dissatisfied with your fifty- cent investment, state your griev- ance to the editor. The Australian Bee Bulletin is authority for the statement that England receives £5,000 worth of honey every month, from countries not her own possessions, and says: "When Imperial Federation is a practical fact, Australian honey should be taken instead of Cali- fornian." In Australia some one has in- vented a press for extracting the honey from cappings. Instead of waiting several days for the honey to drain out, pressure is brought to bear upon them at once. Why could not the Ferris wax extractor be utilized to advantage for this purpose. Then, if only a small amount of cappings are on hand, they are in place, ready for the steam. Thq fourth annual report of the general manager of the National Bee-keepers' Association, issued in December, 1900, gives a very inter- esting account of the year's busi- ness. The treasurer's financial statement shows a balance with which to begin the new year, of $521.15. If space will permit, we shall later give some extracts from this official source, in regard to the excellent work of the association. The office of the TJie American Bee Journal, 118 Michigan street, IWl THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 37 Chicago; was greatly damaged by Are on January l.st. The Jotn-nal^ however, still continues to come to hand with its usual remarkalle regularity. We regret to iearn of bi'other York's misfortune; and trust that his losses may not prove heavy, when an adjustment of the remnant lias been made. Mr. H. H. Robinson, Port Orange, Fla. , .one of the largest producers of honey on the Halifax River, dui'ing a recent cruise down the coast, stopped off to have a bee chat and hand the editor half a dol- lar. Mr. Robinson reports his bees in excellent condition, and a favorable prospect ahead for the opening season. In the matter of peiiodical bee-literatur3, Mr. Robin- son finds The Bee-keeper quite adequate to his needs. The Worcester (Mass.) County Bee-keepers' Association held their annual meeting January 19. Secretary C. R. Russell in his re- port said: "The association was organized AjDril 1-i, 1900 with a membership of twenty-two. Eleven new members have been added to the rolls. Two meetings were held during the summer at the apiaries of two of the members. At both these out-door meetings the attend- ance was large and enthusiasm was manifested. The coming season we hope to have more out-door meet- ings as our experience has proven there is profit to be had from this." Seven joined at the meeting, mak- ing a total membership of forty. The American Bee Journal, in its Issue for January 17th, appears to have reached a stage in the discus- sion of the "yellow wax" matter, where it sees less "amusement" and more logic in our position. Editor York now asserts that his "journal has never pretended to claim for slow cooling anything more than that it allowed the foreign particles time to settle." Why, then, has the journal so emphatically opposed our assertion that slow cooling has nothing to do with rendering dark wax a bright yellow? The settling of foreign particles will not change the color of wax; and if it -.vould, slow cooling does not give the for- eign particles a chance to settle. The constant application of moder- ate heat is very necessary in settling this foreign matter. If truth and facts are the objects of discussion why not renounce and confess a revealed error as freely and openly as we were wont to de- fend it. Mr. E. C. Summerlin, St. Lucie, Fla., recently renewed his subscrip- tion for 1901, at the same time olTering some very encouraging re- marks in regard to the paper. Mr. Summerlin is an experienced bee- keeper, who believes that the south does not receive its share of repre- sentation in apicultural journals; but says The Bee-keeper is more evenly balanced than any of the others in this respect, and that he therefore prefers it to any other bee-paper published. Mr. Summer- lin claims to have learned a lot about bee-keeping through his former mistakes, besides many things otherwis3 acquired. For example, he has learned that the wax-moth, ants and bears, are sub- jects of vastly more moment to the Florida boe-keeper than "the preparation of bees for winter." In his locality, he says, moths have entirely ruined eight or ten sets of combs, as a result of a few days neglect. He has experiemented to some extent in the matter of trapping the moth, by setting a lamp in a wide pan of water and 38 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Fehrunry kerosene during a still summer night; and has in this way caught fully a pint of the offending moths in a single night. He has learned also that hives for the south should be entirely free from any cracks, crevices, holes or corners that will afford a harbor for vermin. Honey and Beeswax Market. Below we give tlie latest and most authentic re- port of the Honey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: WASHINGTON GRADING Kni.ES. Fancy.— .All sections to be well filled, combs straight, of even thickness and firmly attached to all tour sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise; all tlie cells sealed ex- cept the row of cells ne.xt the wdod. .So. l.-AU sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom or with but few cells unsealed; hotli wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be "Fancy white," "No. 1, dark," etc. New Yoi4K, January 1".— The demand for all gradjs of comb honey is bisk, while extracted is dull. We quoti- fancy white comb at l.')(.( ItJc; No. 1 at 14c. : No. a at i;ic ; mix d at Uc, ; buckwheat at 10® lie; buckwheat extracted at 5(.i5!r honey is fair with a poor supply. So fancy white comb coming in. Price of fancy white comb, Ij (« liic. ; a;nber, li @ ISc; extracted, 7)4 -< 'J'^c Tlie demand for be swax is light w.tli liberal supply and brings 25('<-'tc. V\ e do not look for anv better price on honey. The trade will not take half of it at advanced prices. W. R. CllOMWELT- Phoduce Co. Boston, January IS.— We quote Fancy No. 1 white honey in cartons at ITc; A No 1, l«c.; No. 1, l.i (•" ICc, with fairly good demand. Absolutely no call for f'ark honey this year. Extracted, white, 8® S}4c-: light amber, 7^)i(i<8c. Beeswax 2rc. Blake, Scott & Lee. -^ Don't throw away your A. B.-K.s; but save them for binding. Twelve numbers make a handsome and practical volume. Chica-keepers' Assotdation. Forest City, Iowa. Dear Sir : The undersigned connnittee, selected to count the votes cast by the members of the National Bee-koejiers' As- .sociation in December, having i»(»rformed their duties, find the following re.sult : Total number of votes cast, 29;5. For Generiil Manager- — Eugene Secor. 2b'.) ; (ieorgc \V. York, IG ; Dr. C. C. Miller. 3 ; Wm. A. Selser, 2 ; balance. scatt(>ring, one each. For three Directors-W. Z.Hutch- inson. 237 ; A. I. Boot, 233 : E. Whitcomb, 213 ; George W. York. 2.5 ; G. M. Dooiittie, 17; Dr. C. C. Miller. 12; Heinum F. Moore, 13; E. T. Abbott, 11 ; C. 1'. Da- dant. 10 ; N. E. France. 8 ; O. O. Popple- t(m, (j ; Frank Benton, .5; C. A. Hatch. 4 ; W. L. Coggshall, 2 ; Thos. G. Newman, 2 ; II. G. Acklin, 2 ; P. H. Elwood, 2 : A. J. Cook, 2 ; Eugene Secor, 2 ; balance scattering, one each. Respectfully submitted, (Jkouoe W. York. IlEli.MAN F. MooiiE. Group of Employees of The W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Co. As promi-sed last month, we present else- where a i)liotograph of some of our em- ployes. Many of the men who appear in the picture have been with us continually for from eight to fifteen years; several have never worked in another factory but ours. Most of the men in the picture are well skilled ; and to their ability is due the fact that we turn out first-class gooJs which h ive gained an enviable ie;)utation for excellency throughout those countries where modern bee-keeping is practiced. We have about 125 employees at the present time. Mr. Herschiser, at the Geneva conven- tion, speaking of the tall, thin section says "Tlie thinner tlu- box. tiie more transparent and beautiful the honey." A corresjioudent suggests the use of an ordinary medicine dropper, or pipette, or what some call a fountain jien filler, for the purpose of handling royal jelly. — Oltanlngn. 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 39 If you are in- terested in sheep and tlie breeding of early lambs, try the Dorsets. If you wish further informa- tion send for a copy of the Dorset Courier, published monthly. Address Courier, ,i.,;t Washington, Pa. Record your Poland Chinas in The Central Poland China Record. RULE>Ki\:. FKKE ou application. W. H. Morris Secy. Indianapolis, Ind. Record your B'^rkshires in The National Berkshire Rejord. RULES ETv . i-'Ui^h, on application. E. K. iiuiiis, Sec'y, Indianapolis, Ind. Record your Chester Whites in The Standard Chester White Record. RULE-; ETC. FItEE W. II. Mnrris. Secy, on application. Indianapolis, [nd Subscribe for the Swine Breeders' Semi-monthly. X 1 .■)0 cents a year. '-' '-' ^^ lldii Morris Printing Co., Sample Copy Free. Publishers, Indianapolis, Ind- DlR£aFROMPROM£R,^^'gRg^^oRjOBBtRTOCONSUN£R EVERYTHlHCf.=i)Fo^MRlfBODY mSA\EWUMOmrS^ONEYmPVMHASE puASE MENTION -Ji OHEAr on SMALL *^ ^"'^ ^^^^ WRITE FOR CATALOOUE. ENaOSE lOai.TDHElP ftnY POSTAGE When writing to advertisers say: "I saw your adv't in TiiK Amkkican Bee-keepeu." The Fanciers' Review, Glneitlieim, N.Y. Fifty cents a year, including any one poiiltry book nam- ed below, FREE. Review alone, 35c. a year. 500 Questions and Answers on Poultry Keeping 5c. Low Cost Poultry Houses (plans) 5c. Art of Poultry Breeding (J. H. Davis) 25c. The Hen Business from A to Z (.Mrs. May Taylor) 25c. LTncle 'Rastus on Poultry (J. H. Davis) 25c. .300 Pigeon .Queries Answered 25c. Belgian Hare Breeding, new book 25c. ll-t;t HOMES in OLD VIRGINIA It is gradually brought to light that the civil war has made great changes, freed the slaves, and in consequence has made the large land owners poor and finally freed the land from the original holders who would not sell until t hey were compelled to do so. There are some of the finest lands in the market at very low prices, lands that produce all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits, and berries; fine for stock. You find green truck patches, such as cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale, spinach, etc., growing all the win- ter. The climate is the best all the year around to be found, not too cold nor too warm. Good water. Healthful. Railroads running in every direction. If you desire to know all about Virgii ia send 10c. for three months subscription of the VIRGINIA FARMER to n-ct FARMER CO., Emporia, Va. The finest line of Wooden .Advertising Novelties, such as Thermometers, Match Safes, Kulers, Yard- sticks, etc. made in the world, is the line manufac- tured by The American Mfg. Concern, Jamestown, N.Y. 40 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Fchmivnj The Southern Farmer, Athens, Georgia. The Leading AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL of the South. No Farmer, Fruit Grower, Stock- raiser, Poultryman, Dairyman or even Housewife can afford to be without this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on appli- cation. Advertising Rates Reasonable OnrS Horticultural Visitor^ Kinmcndy, Hk^ conducted by c, pi-actical horticulturist. Head by active fruit and vegetable growers. Old subscribers say they find more practical know- ]"dp:e in this Journal than ( hey do in any other. Hr-nd for a free i^amplo copy and see for yourself. m Send for Price List of Nursery Stocic to PARK NURSERY, KINMUNDY, ILL. Established in 1883. See low prices before buying. 11-tit SHINE I The Empire Washer Company, Jamestown, N.Y. make a Shine Cabinet, furnished with foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe rubber — in fact, all articles and materials needed to keep shoes looking their best — and as it is made to be fastened to the wall of toilet room or kitchen, it dofs away with the vexatious searching after these articles which is altogether too common. A postal will bring you details of this and other good things. Buffalo Review. Live Stock, Produce and Borse Interests. TELEGRAPH SEKVICE. tWIicial paper of East Buffalo Slock Yards. Best .\gricultnral .Adrortising Medium. Subscriptions!, per annam. Buffalo Review Co., Publishers, Buffalo, N.Y. THE IRRIGATION AGE. Is the pioneer journal of its kind in tlie world, and is devoted to ad- vancing the Irrigation Industry and Western resources. Irrigation is one of the leafling issues of the day and you should be posted on what is being accomplished. Published by J. E. FORREST, 916 West Harrison St., Chicago, III $1.00 a year. Send for sample copy. A BATH when piVlPIRE taken in an '-' Portable Folding BATH TUB. Used in any room. Agents Waxted. Catalogue Free. , The empire WASHER CO., Jamestown,n.y. luxury 1"'*' ■■ ^^^~-^o spenders ! Here is a new and useful device made with botli shoulder straps of one conUmums yicce of first-class K'cW>iri(/, ends of best braided cord; buckles heavy brass, niclcle plated and not one stitch of needlewo»k employed in its construction, therefore nothing to rip or wear out prematurely. All elastic goods depreciate with age. Why buy cheap, worthless elastic goods that may have been burdening the shelves of the wholesale and retail merchants for montiis or years? We manufacture our goods and sell direct /ro/(i Factory to Weaver. Suspenders as well as other garments should fit tl e body. In ordering give measurement over shoulder from front to rear button. All goods sent securely packed, postpaid. Sample pair, 2.ic.; five pair, $i 15; youth's lengths, one pair, 2flc.; five pair. UUc. Try the Seamless and you will wear no other. Lawrence Suspender Co., 734 Mass. Street, Lawrence, Kan. A Poultry Paper YEARS for 3 $1 We will send the Canadian Poul- try Review three years for$l or to three subscribers one year for $1. Special departments for "Turkeys, Ducks and Geese," "Poultry Ail- ments," "Bantams," Incubator.^ and Brooders," "Practical Poultry," [under charge of A. G. Gilbert, manager Poultry Department, Gov- ernment Farm, Ottawa] etc. New illustrations, critical show reports, 40 to -18 pages monthly. Single copy 5c. Address, Toronto, Ont. Go South, The Soil, Climate, Markets and many other advantages invite you. For free copies of Monthly Journal, and for Maps, Plats, Facts. Figures and full information, write A. Jeffers, 351 Main Street, i3.,jt Norfolk, Va. H O R T I C U L T U R E Does the word interest you? If so, send 50 cents for one year's subscription to the North American Horticulturist, C. J. McCorinick, Editor, MONROE, MICH. An Ilnstrated Monthly, devoted to FRUIT CROWING, FLOWERS, FORESTRY and HOME. A First-class Advertising medium reaching thousands of farmers and fruit growers. here is a medium, Mr. Advertiser, that will pay you. Tbe Nebraska parm Journal A Monthly Journal Devoted to Agricultural Interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural paper in the West. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. THE NEBRASAFARM JOURNAL, 1123 N. St., LINCOLN, NEB. 12-Gt POPULAR SCIENCE Or POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS. Recent Progress in the Sciences, Hygiene, Health, Etc. Pounded in 18fi6 by the late Dr. James R. Nichols as the Boston Journal of Chemistry and now comprising Ha.i's Joumal Of Health— Established in 1S54 as a Department. POPULAR SCIENCE (iiows. etc.) an Illustrated Monthly Magazine, is the Oldest, Leading, Must Inttiiental, Pruniinent and Popular journal of its kind in the country. Subscription, $2,00 per year. In advance, $1. 60. This Magazine is exactly what its name implies Scientific and yet very Popular. It is of great interest to ail Students and Lovers of the Natural Sciences, Hygiene, Health, Etc. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED. FREE FROM TECHNICALITIES. This I'opular monthly contair s a large number of short, practical and interesting articles on Natuke Stcdv, Invention, Arcliaeology, Electricity, Botany, .Mineralogy, Astronomy, Entomology, Photography, .Microseo^iy Chemistry, Hygiene Sanitation. Health, etc. It is very different from, and much Superior to other publicatiiias witli similar namas. Is the O dest and most extens vely circulated Nature study and Popular Science publication in the United States. Has recently been considerably enlarged and much improved. tW°^I(-')ition tills; publicntioii for (i sdtnplc copy. tWTrial SiihsiTlption Fire. LILLARD & l2-;;t CO-, Publishers, 108 Fulton St-, Manhattan, New York- FREE BIRD AND GAGE ANGORA GAT BELGIAN HARES We will give away GOSO Animals, Canary Birds, Mocking Blrus, Buil. inches, Puirocs, etc., Dogs, Angora Cats, Belgian H.ir. s, Aq i n luins, GoldFisli, Shetland Ponies, lial biia, Gu.nca t'lt-S, Mou- keyB, Squirrels, etc., tj i iher wl h f;incy cages. Wemeun exactly ^,.lat we b ly. We wi.lsnnd you ap-iir of beautiful A.igor.a Cits now a.l tl.e rage, birdswUhcageor anv o^a raniinalym may want. We have been b.-eeding for years, a ,d have a lino Btock of animals that we are going to give away In the next few weeks. WE START YOU IN B0S5NESS We want ani;iia!s ra^cd, aa the demand l.s greater than t..e s.!;ipl-/-, a-l wlfi d..Ucalty wo have reserve ( COSO ii..liii.Tls lor breeding purposes, to be distribute. llroc', oud wes'aitjoa in a paying busi- ness a'ld pit vou l.i iho w„y of m ililrnr nioncv with- out you investing ( ne cer. t far t'lo aui.nals. Genuine Angora (ats nro w. rt'a from $ -).( 0 to SHO.tiO each, and the.ean'malsareea^y to raise. B:loian Hares may be raKfd la an .ittlc or cellar.* r snuiUcity backvard without dlfTicultv. They breed from ten to tw'clveat a tl:ne, six tlmca a year, und s'll for Beeniingly fibulot;s p-^lcrs, and sorsico a lone from a good b ckls wor.h $:5 10. Lt-tc p ofits ure easily and quickly mide bv those who bef-'ln now. Send no mon'V, simply act a tone", w-ite us to day and be oneof those to pet afiueS. ng Bird or Parrot with cage, a beautiful pair of Genuine Angora CaiB, a complete Aquarium with flsli, shells and pi nts. Give the name of your nearest expressofik-e and say what animal oraqu.irlum you want and It will be sent exactly according to our offer. We p-iy ex- press ch.irges. This advortlsi-ment mp.ins exactly what It savsand H simply an enterprising pluuto Increase oMrbuBlnefscipaclty. AddressDKPr iTi, ANIMAL WORLD, ^^a West 23d St.. New York. l,'-,>t DEI GIAN HARE BRFEOERS' AND AMATUERS^ GUIDE. An up to-date, progre.=isive, newsy, illustrated iiiontlily magazine, devoted disiiuctively to the Belgian hare industry. Orir-inal articles each month by the be-t recognized authority on Bel- piin hare culture; treating in a practical way llitir breedinsr, management pvd every phase of this profitable and interesting industry. THE LEADING JOURNAL OF ITS KIND. (Sent six months on trial for SS cents. Single copies 5 cents. A ddress THE RABBITRY PUBLISHING COMPANY INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. AGENTS WantGCl "Washin You can double your money every time you sell one and thoy st^U easily. We liave sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They are cheaper than ever. Catalootie Free. The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. FREE SAMPLES. Best Agricultural and Home Paper published at the national capitol. The AMERICAN FARMER and GARDENER; MONTHLY, 50 CENTS PER YEAR. SpGCidI Offer. By mentioning this paper we will send our Farm and Home Magazine, prepaid, six months on trial upon receipt of TEN cents. The American Farmer and Gardener, Washington, D. C. REGISTERED Belgian Hares! If you want some first-class Reg- istered Belgian Hares, write me. In order that you may be sure you are getting stock of a straight pedigree and not disqualified, I have decided that all stock pur- chased of me, that is six months old or over and costing as high us $5 00 per head or more, that I will have it registered with The National Belgian Hare Club, of America, without extra charge. I have several of the Best Imported breeding bucks in the country. Fanciers, let me hear from you. J. L. DEVALON,Prop. HillsideRab- bitry, 2525 17th St., Denver, Col. 12 6t Poultry Farina, F. M. MungerA Sons, DeKalb, 111., Breeders of anTwMtePlymouth Rocks, Silver and White Wyandottes, White and Brown Leghorns, Golden Seabright Bantams, Pearl Guineas, Bronze Turkeys, JERSEY CATTLE; also Pedigreed and imported BELGIAN HARES, of 'Champion Fashoda," Chamiiion Dasli," "Champion Yukon," "Champion Edenboro"' and other best imported strains. Twenty-five years experience in breeding. stock and Eggs for sale at all times. Circular and prices on application. 12-tit' MON RY IN Poultry If properly attended to there is much money in raising poultry. Learn how to do it right. Get the experience of old successful breeders and find a sure way of becoming inde- pendent by subscribing for Poultry Culture, tlie best edited and most up-to-date poultry magazine in America. Subscription price only fifty cents a year. Address Poultry Culture Co., 12-6t KANSAS CITY, MO. !^BN_STQCJ<_ Naslivllle, Tenn. The only strictly agricultural paper published in this State. The only agricultural paper published every week. It goes to every post office in State of Tennessee and to many offices in Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It is the official organ of the Agricul- tural Department of Tennessee and Live Stock Commission. Subscrip- tion fl.oo per year in advance. Don't forget to inqiUre into that offer of $35.00 worth of Supplies by the Pnblishers. Free Sample Copy TIPPECANOE FAEMER, Semi-monthly, Only 25 cents per year. The best fai'm paper for the money published in the West. Large circulation. Advertising: rates rea>sonable. TIPPECANOE FARMER CO., Lafayette, Ind. F. M. Smith, Editor. ^.g^ $ Money in $ Poultry. There is much money in raising poultry if properly attended to. Learn how to do it right, get the experience of successful breeders and find a sure way to become independent, by subscribing for Poultry Culture, the best edited and most up-to-date poul- try magazine in America. Price only 50 cents a year. Address Poultry Culture Co., Kansas City, Mo. ^"^ ROYAL TEMPLARS. A beneficiary association. Its grade of payments scientific and safe. Botli sexes received in perfect equality. You get just what you pay for, and only pay for what you get. Organized 1870. Emergency fund maintained. Expense of management low. Claims paid without expense to beneficiary. Send for information. General ofBce, Itf Masonic Building, Buffalo, M.Y. NEW LIFE TEA ALWAYS CURES CONSTIFaTION, IND1GB5TION, SICK HEADACHE, And imparts new life to the whole system. At all druggists iind dealers, 25c, or sent by mail» if your dealer will not supply you. Address, LANQMAH HED. CO., LE ROY, N. Y. Dairymen, Milk Dealers and Creamery men. If you want a paper wholly devoted to your in- terests subscribe for the Milk Reporter. Every issue contains only Official Statis- tics pertaining to the milk market, including prices, amount carried by different railroad lines and an endless collection of facts and figures. Also special features of the trade, notes and com- ments on recent events i^ertaining to the business, and in every issue will be valuable instructions or suggestions which will prove an aid to those inter- ested in the products of the dairy from any point of view. Order sample copy and address all communica- tions to The Milk Reporter, ii.,;t Deckertown, N. J. The Fruit Growers' Journal, is a six column, eight-page journal, pub- lished monthly, at Cobden, Illinois, The Fruit Growing Center of the West. It is an all-around liorticultural, agri cultural journal, and is devoted largely to transportation and markets. Agents Wanted. Send two cents for sample copy. 12-6t This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others would notice YOUKadvt. in The Am. Bee-keeper CANADIAN POULaTRY NRWS, A live up-to-date, 16-page monthly devoted to poultry, pigeoiiB and pet stock; con- tains much useful informa- tion as well as general Cana- dian Poultry News. Sub- scription only 30 cents a year, advertising rates very low. Send 30 c^iits at once and fjet the Annual II ustr^ted Christmas Number, of twenty pages, in colors, before ihe edition is run out. Don't send American stamps, please. Address ROBT- R. CAMERON, Publisher Canadian Poultry News, i2-6t Owen Sound, Ont., Can. Pigeon Flying! The leading, brightest and best authority on Homing Pigeons in America. Charles H. Jones, Editor and Publisher, lO So. Broad St., Philadelphia. Sole Manufacturer of National Association bands, also initial, seamless and open bands for dragoons, carriers ftnd all kinds of toy iiigeons — Aluminum Seamless bands for Homers and Toys - - - - $2 50 per 100 Aluminum Seamless bands for Dra- goons and Carriers - - - ,S 00 " 100 Seam less German Silver bands - -2 00 " 100 Open bands— German Silver - 1 00 " 100 Countermarks - - - - 80 " 100 Countermarks, Aluminum, very light 1 00 " 100 No extra charge for Initials. All bands are registered for future reference. No samples ssnt unless jsrice of bands and cost of mailing is remitted. All kinds of rubber stamps and figures for mark- ing pigeons. Send stamp to the above address for illustrated catalogue for all appliances pertaining to pigeons. 12-(;t GET MAERIED and Get Married QUICKLY! We can help you secure a good wif '3 or husband. Don't live a single life. Gret mar- ried happily. Send two-cent stamp for full particulars. Address FARMER and MINER, DENVER, COLO. P. O. box 850. The Record. The Oldest and Leading Belgian Hare Journal of America and England. R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher, The only journal having an English Belgian Hare Department. One copy worth the yearly subscription. If interested, don't fail to send 2 -cent stamp for sample copy at once. Address, R. J. FINLEY, I2.ut MACON , MO. A Postal Card. If you want to know something about the live stock business in the West, send us a postal card with your name and address plainly written on same, and we will mail you a sample copy of the Western Swine Breeder and Live Stock Journal. It is an up-to-date stock publication. WESTERN SWINE BREEDER, 12 ct I07 S. Nth Street, LINCOLN, NEB. Grand Clubbing Offers. SAMPLE COMBINATIONS. Gleanings, Review of Reviews (new), McClure, and Success " '' '■ " and Cosmopolitan " " '■ Pearsons, and Cosmopolitan '■ Success, McCIure and Cosmopolitan - . - . " " Pearsons and McClure .... " " Cosmopolitan, and Pearsons . . . . " " and Cosmopolitan " " and Pearsons ....... " " and McUlures " " and Munseys ....... " and Success " and Cosmopolitan . . " and Pearsons " and \S omans Home Companion . . . . . Regular Price. Our Price $5 50 5 50 5 50 4 00 4 00 4 (lO H 00 3 00 « 00 3 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 00 Christmas Presents. We will send papers to one or separate addresses as desired. In this way you can easily ma!:e desirable Christ- mas Presents. Other combinations are found in our clubbing list, sent on application. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. ANY ONE CAN Be Our Agent and Make Money Little trouble, no worV, and good remuneration. Send h's ten two- cent stamps to pay f>ostage and we will send you The Woman's Magazine a whole year FftEE Our only' condition being that you send us the names and addresses of ten of your lady friends who might become an agent or sub- scriber to the best woman's magazine putjlished. We will mail you our "Easy Agent's Outflt." $10.00 per oay a small average 100,000 paid circu- lation now. ''HE Woman's Magazine contains each month two serials- two short stories— " Other Women," an interesting page written by one of the brightest, writers in the land. Departments treating on all home matters, including "Personal Talks with Girls " JJ Q Oman's Magazine, 112 Cearborn St.,CMca£o. T\)e Perfected Von CuHq INCUBflTOF^ Is known pretty well all over the country and has never failed to prove satisfactory when handled by a person of intelligence and with ordinary attention. We guar- antee them to be satisfactory or you needn't pay for them. What's more fair than this offer, and doesn't it show that we mean what we say as to its merits? Send for catalogue. The W. T. FALCONER MFC. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. Beeswax wanted We will pay 27 cents cash or 23 cents in goods for good quality of Beeswax, freight paid to FALCON- ER, N.V. If you have any, ship itto us at once. [Prices subject to change without notice.] The W. T. Falconer Mfs. Go. EGGS IN WINTER Are easily obtained under ri^bt conditions and p-oper attention. Subscribe for our poultry pa^ior and learn hovr. 25 cts. a yenr. Sample copy free. THE POULTKY ITEM, Box 190, Fricks, Pa. Norfolk.Ya. r For papers, maps, ' facts and figures, "i send to A. Jeffers, I Norfolk, Va. 2-12 BEE SUPPLIES from LEWIS They are the finest. THOUSANDS OP BEE HIVES, MILLIONS OF SECTIONS, Ready for Prompt Shipment. G- B- LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., — — — U. S. A. Branch: G. B. LEWIS CO., 19 So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every xew subscriber sending 11.00 for the weekly American Bee Journal for one year will receive a copy of Newman's 160 page "Bses and Honey" free. The old American Bee Journal Js great this year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Journal free. Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 1897. Circulation 6,000. Devoted e.xclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Israel, Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. LJ C" I I f^ / Do you want some good pure *'*-*-■-*-'• ^^^^ POULTRY? We can furnish you ECCS FOR HATCH- ING from fine White VN'onder fowls, R. C. 15. Leg- horns, B. P. Rocks, Partridge Cochins; 8. L., Gold- en and Black Wyandottes, Toulouse Geese, Rouen Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want something ^ood send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, uf The Eureka Poultry Farm, Established 19 years. Hamburg, W^is. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S. I BEGINNERS. should have a copy of The Amateur Bee-keeper, a TO page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "ft is the finest little book pub- i lished at the present time." Price 21 cents; by i mail 28 cents. The little book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, (a live, progressive, 28 page monthly journal,) one year for t55c. Apply to any first-class dealer, or address LEAHY MFG- CO., Higginsvme.Mo. 17 D C" C" Those who contemplate starting in the bee-keeping line should correspond with The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO. of Jamestown, N Y. We have had written, by a noted authority on apicultural matters, W. Z. Hutchinson, a treatise on "Successful Bee-keep- ing." Send your name and address, and a two- cent stamp to pay postage, and we will send you a copy of this valuable little pamphlet free of charge. Anything you may desire to know regarding the best hives and fittings to procure, we will be glad to aid you in. W. M. Gerrish, East Nottingham, N. H., keeps a complete supply of our goods, and eastern customers will save freight by ordering of him. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. CLUBBING LIST. We will send The American Bee-keeper with the — PRICE BOTH American Bee Journal $1 00 $1 35 Bee-keepers' Review 1 00 1 SS Canadian Bee Journal 1 00 1 35 Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 00 1 35 American Queen 50 60 Modem Culture 1 00 1 00 BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long experience, should have at least one good text book upon the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee-keeping. In ordering by mail be sure to add the amount of postage named: Postage Price, extra. ABCof BeeCulture (A. I.Root),cloth$l 00 20c. Bee-keepers' Guide (Prof. A. J. Cook) 1 00 15c. Langstroth on Honey Bee, rev. (Dadant) 1 10 15c. Quinby's New Bee-keeping (Quinby) .. 1 40 10c. Thirty Years Among Bees (Alley) 48 2c. How to Manage Bees (Vandruff) 25 5c Amateur Bee-keeper (Rouse) 20 5c. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Jamestown, N.Y. gifii!!mfii!!i!!i!i!i!iM!»iiiiiH!!!Ht!i!i!imiiimiiiitrM>iiniinniii!ni!!t!iin!nii!!iii!!imii»!miiimiiiiit!iiiitiiini!i»miiftTmg |The Lamp of Steady Habits| The lamp that doesn't flare up or smoke, or cause you to use bad language ; the lamp that looks good when you get it and stays good; the lamp that you never willingly part with, once you have it ; that's E: N-563 /2S4 Other lamps may be offered you as " just as good " — they may be, in some respects, but for all around goodness, there's only one. To make sure the lamp offered you is genuine, look for the name on it ; every Mew Rochester lamp has it. We make oil stoves too, just as good as the lamps; in fact, anything in oil or gas iixtures. The Rochester Lamp Co., 38 Park Place aad 33 Barclay St., New York. aiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiitiuiiiuiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiuiiiiiiitiiitiiiiiuiiuiuiiH Patent Wired Comb Fouaciatioii has no Sag iu Brooil i-^'ramef. Thin Flat Bottom Foundation bas no Fisli-bone in Surplus Honey. Being the cleanest is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made. Tlie talk about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish a Wired Foun- dation that is BKTTEK, CHEAPEU and not half the trouble to use that it is to wire brood frames. Circulars y.nd samples free. J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Montgomery County, SpUout Brook, N.Y. Please mention A.'merican Bee-kkepek. WHENYOU DROPaDOLLAR it is a good plan to look where it strikes, that you may pick it up again. When you invest a dollar for advertising space in Poultry Pointers, at our special rate, it is just like dropping a dollar where yon can pick up TWO. Write at once for sample copy, special rates and full iiarticulars to t^OULTIiY F-OIlsITEIiS Office, atf 30t; West Main Street, Ionia, Mich. The Nebraska Farm Journal A nionthljp joufnal devoted to agricultural interests. Largest circulation of any agricviltural pa- per in the west. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1128 N St., Lincoln, Neb. UNITED STATES BEE-XEEPERS' ASSOniATION. Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. Genera] Manager and Treasurer— Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, la. Among industrial orgnTis, a small paper that sticks closely to its subject is worth a cartload of the aimless nomads that claim to cover the whole field. Subscribe now for The Am. Bek-keepeu. One Year 10c. Industry, If you are not a subscriber ' The Poultry send ten cents, silver and get this vigorous up-to-date poultry journ.il one wliole year. Every copy is worth the year's subscription price. 3tf The Poultry Industry, Box 218, Gouverueur, N.Y, 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE Trade Marks Designs Copyrights Ac' Anyone sending a sketch and description may quickly .ascertain our f)pinion fr-je ■whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly cfMifldetitial. Handbook on Patents sent free, oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken throuKh BUnm & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Scientific American. A h.andsouiely illustr.ited weekly. Larsrest cir- culation of any soie'itiflc journal. Terms, $3 a year: four tiiontlis, $1. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN£Co.36iBroadway, New York Branch Office, G26 F St.. Washington, D. C. Just a minute of your time! Sciul lis a list of tlio beo-keopers in your vicinity and we will send them saniph; copies of The Bke-kekper. This will not take much of your time or be much trouble to you and you will be doing your friends a favor. Entered at the Postoflace, Falconer, N.Y., as second-class matter. Incubator Free on trial. The PERFECTED YON CULIN — ■ =INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It « hatches every hatchable egg. Money can be made and -a saved with this most perfect incubator. Prices $7.00 ui> Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y. Another big Offer! As I hare explained in previous adrertise- ments, the publisher of a good journal can afford to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his journal into new hands. I have in th« past made several such oilers, but here is one that I consider especially liber- al. If you are not a subscriber to the Bee-keepers' lieVieW, send me $1.30 and I will have your subscription to The American Bee-keepeb renewed for one year, send yon 12 back numbers of THE REVIEW, and then THE REVIEW for all of 1900. Remember two things : You must be a NEW subscriber to THE RE- VIEW, and the order mvist be sent to W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. t£ HOW TO MAKE MONEY With POULTRY & PIGEONS.^ i6 pn:;;ebook ou care, mana'^emcut, bniVling and o'.Iut jilans, receipts and othLT valiuiblo iufurmation. Mail- ed for » 2 ct. stamp, H. }I. ruiCK, Feicks, Ta. S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railway, Perrine Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. i^tf nTf If, BINGHAM -'-■'■J has made all the iin- J proveinents in k Bee Smokers and ^ Honey Knives made in the last 30 years, undoubtedly he makes the best on eartli. Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail .' -. f 1.50 3!^ inch 1.10 Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.00 2>^ inch 90 T.F.Bingham, ???°''w:v-v-' '^^ _ ..^_. . ' Little Wonder, 2 in. .R."; Farwell, Mich. SUCCESSFUL PIGEON BREEDING. By J. A. Si'MMKi.'s. A practical hook, treatiiiu: in detail all lK)ints for succe.ssful lM§ieon Hreediu^. The book contains: : Descriptions and cuts of the iliffercnt well-known varieties: Breeding and niana for Market: Breeding Houses: Dis- eases and Keniedi(^s. etc. Price 50 cents postpaid. TuK PouLTKY Item one. year and Si ( f'KSsFii. PiOKoN Bi!KKi)iX(i. for only (lOc. Address. TiiK Pori.Tuv Itkm. Fricks. Pa. CLQC: worth of Bee-keepers' ^!^-^ Supplies FREE ! The publishers of The American Bee-keeper will give, absolutely free, Thirty-five Dollars' worth of Sup- plies, which the recipient may select from their 1901 Catalogue. Full particulars upon request. Write at once, if interested. The American Bee-keeper, 1" Falconer, N.Y. ALUMINUM and Non-metallic LEG BANDS, 12 for 150.: 25, 30c.: .iO, 50c.; 100, $1.00. Special prices to dealers. P'RTNTTTTGr ' 100 Envelopes 4.5c. : 3.50 T.-Jc; .500^1.00; 1,000 $1.75. 6x9J^ ■*- •^^-L-LN ± J-li vj • Xote Heads, Cards or Shipping Tags same price as envelopes. Cuts to illustrate. Send 10c. for six months' trial subscription to Western Farm- Poultry. 30 pages. Big package Lice Killer 50c.; big pkg. Poultry Compound 50c. WACLE PUB. CO., Marshall, Mo. i-tit Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. $1 00 a year. Address, CONNECTICUT FARMER, Hartford, Conn, tf The FANCIEKS' GAZETTE, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Attention! Poultry Raisers. •'Diseases of Poultry and Their Cure" is a book giving a careful and thorough des- cription of all diseases common to poultry. It will tell you what is the matter with your fowls when they are sick, and will give you the surest cure. Every poidtry raiser needs it. Price 25 cents, post paid. Published by the Eureka Mfg. Co.. •2-(Jt East St. Louis, 111,. The finest line of Wooden Advertising Novelties, such as Thermometers, Match Safes, Rulers, Yard- sticks, etc. made in the world, is the line manufac- tured by The American Mfg. Concern, Jamestown, N.Y. A monthly poultry paper of from 40 to 60 pages, which keeps at the front as a genuine, high-class poultry publication. It also issues illus- trations of fowls in their natural colors. It is devoted to poultry raising in all of its branches. Send your address to it for a free copy. The price of the paper per year is 50 cents, six months 25 cents. 2-r.t CANADIAN POULaTRY N]^WS, A live up-to-date, 16-page monthly devoted to poultry, pigeonsi and pet stock; con- tains much useful informa- tion as well as general Cana- dian Poultry News.- Sub- scription only 30 cents a year, advertising rates very low. Send 30 cents at, once and {jet tlie Annual Illustrated Christmas Number, of twenty pages, in colors, before ihe edition is rnn out. Don't send American stamps, please. Address ROBT- R. CAMERON, Publisher Canadian Poultry News, i2-t5t Owen Sound, Ont., Can. Pigeon Flying! The leading, brightest and best authority on Homing Pigeons in America. Charles H. Jones, Editor and Publisher, lOSo. Broad St., Philadelphia. Sole Manufacturer of National Association bands, also initial, seamless and open bands for dragoons, carriers and all kinds of toy pigeons — Aluminum Seamless bands for Homers and Toys - - - - j;2 50 per 100 Aluminum Seamless bands for Dra- goons and Carriers - - - S Of " 100 Seamless German Silver bands - - 2 00 " 100 Open bands — German Silver - 1 00 " 100 Countermarks - - - - 80 " 100 Countermarks, Aluminum, very light 1 00 " 100 No extra charge for Initials. All bands are registered for future reference. No samples sent unless price of bands and cost of mailing is remitted. All kinds of rubber stamps and figures for mark- ing pigeons. Send stamp to the above address for illustrated catalogue for all appliances pertaining to pigeons. 12-6t GET MAERIED and Get Married QUIGKLaY ! We can help you secure a good wif'^ or husband. Don't live a single life, (ret mar- ried happily. Send two-cent stamp for full particulars. Address FARMER and MINER, DENVER, COLO. P. O. box 850. i2-t;t The Record. The Oldest and Leading Belgian Hare Journal of America and England. R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher, The only journal having an English Belgian Hare, Department. | One copy worth the yearly subscription. If interested, don't fail to send 2-cent stamp for sample copy at once. Address, R. J. FINLEY, i2.Gt MACON , MO. A Postal Card. If you want to know something about the live stock business in the West, send us a p6stal card with your name and address plainly written on same, and we will mail you a sample copy of the Western Swine Breeder and Live Stock Journal. It is an up-to-date stock publication. WESTERN SWINE BREEDER, 13-ut 107 S. nth street, LINCOLN, NEB. The Southern Farmer, -^ Athens, Georgia. rhe Leading AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL of the South. No Farmer, Fruit Grower, Stock- :-aiser, Poultryman, Dairyman or iven Housewife can afford to be ivithout this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on appli- 3ation. Advertising Rates Reasonable Oure^ Horticultural Visitor, Kimnundy, Ills.* conducted by a practical horticulturist. Read by active fruit and vegetable growers. Old subscribers say they find more practical know- ledge in this Journal than they do in any other. Send for a free sample copy and see for yourself. w § # Send for Price List of Nursery Stocl( to PARK NURSERY, KINMUNDY, ILL. Established in 1883. See low prices before buying. 11 -Ot SHINE! The Empire Washer Company, Jamestown, N.Y. make a Shine Cabinet, furnished with foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe rubber — in fact, all articles and materials needed to keep shoes looking their best — and as it is made to be fastened to the wall of toilet room or kitchen, it does away with the vexatious searching after these articles. which is altogether too common. A postal will bring you details of this and other good things. Buffalo Review. Live Stock, Produce and Horse Interests. TELEGRAPH SERVICE. Official paper of East Buffalo Stock Yards. Best Agricultural Advertising Medium. Subscription $4. per annum. Buffalo Review Co., Publishers, Buffalo, N.Y. THE IRRIGATION AGE. ' : Is the pioneer journal of its kind in the world, and is devoted to ad- vancing the Irrigation Industry anid Western resources. Irrigation is one of the leading issues of the day and you should be posted on whdt is being accomplished. Published by J. E. FORREST, 916 West Harrison St., Chicago, 111 $1.00 a year. Send for sample copy. ll-Ct $900 YEARLY to Christian man or woman to look after our grow- ing business in this and adjoin- ing Counties, to act as Manager and Correspond- ent; work can be done at your home. Enclose self-addressed, stamped envelope for particulars to A. H. SHERMAN, General Manager, Corcoran Buildinz, opposite United States Treas- ury Washington, D. C. It Grand Clubbing Offers. SAMPLE COMBINATIONS. lieu alar Price. Our Price Gleanings, Review of Reviews (new), Mct'lure, and Success - - - - 115 50 $3 50 " " " " and Cosmopolitan - - - 5 50 :H 50 " " " Pearsons, and Cosmopolitan ... ^ ;,o ;j 25 " Success, McC'lure and Cosmoi^olitan 4 00 2 75 " " Pearsons and McClure 4 00 2 75 " " Cosmopolitan, and Pearsons 4 00 2 50 " " and Cosmopolitan 3 00 2 00 " " and Pearsons 3 00 2 00 and McClures :h 00 2 25 " " and Munseys - - 8 00 2 25 " and Success 2 00 1 ,50 " and Cosmopolitan 2 00 1 .id " and Pearsons 2 00 1 50 " and Womans Home Companion - - -2 00 150 Christmas Presents. We will send paper.s to one or separate addresses as desired. In this way you can easily make desirable Christ- mas Presents. Other combinations are found in our clubbing list, sent on application. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. liMANSHM N[ .^ Be Our Agent and Make Money Little trouble, no work, and good remuneration. Send ua ten tw^o-cent .stamps to pay postage and we will send you The Woman's Magazine a whole year FREE. Our only condition being that you send us the names and addresses of ten of your lady friends who might become an agent or sub- scriber to the best woman's magazine published. We will mail you our "Easy Agent's Outfit." $10.00 per day a small average 100,000 paid circu- lation now. The Woman's Magazine contains each month two serials- two short stories—" Other Women," an interesting page written by one of the brightest writers in the land. Departments treating on all home matters. Including "Personal Talks with Girls " Roman's Magazine, 112 rearborn St., Chicago. TY)e Perfected Von CuHq INCUBflTOR is known pretty well all over the country and has never failed to prove satisfactory when handled by a person of intelligence and with ordinary attention. We guar- antee them to be satisfactory or yon needn't pay for them. Whafs more; fair than this offer, and doesn't it show that we mean what we say as to its merits'.^ Send for catalogue. The W. T. FALCONER MFC. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. Vol. XI MARCH, 1901 No. 3 NEW YORK STATE ASSOCIATION OF BEE-KEEPERS' SOCIETIES. A Condensed Report of Its Third Annual Meeting, at Geneva. BV SECRETARY HOWARD. THE third annual meeting of the New York State Association of Bee-keepers' Societies was called to order by Pre^dent W. F. Marks, at 11 a. tu. The report of the Secretary and Treasurer was read and adopted. The President's annual message. It is expected that this will be published in a later issue of The American Bee-keeper. However, it might be said here that Editor Root, in commenting upon it, said that he considered it a very valuable paper and hoped that the Association would act upon it. O. J. Baldridge : ''I believe adulteration is a great injury to our extracted honey market, not by the amount that is consumed, but if a customer once gets a taste of it he will want no more extract- ed honey. One bottle, I think, would last a family a year." Mr. Baldridge was appointed as a committee to procure a sample of adulterated honey and bring it to the convention room for inspection ; also a bottle was sent to the Geneva Experiment Sta- tion to be analyzed. Mr. Stewart : Adulteration is carried on very largely in the cities of New York and Albany. President Marks read the law of this State on adulteration of honey and it was recommended to make an attempt to get the law in the hands of the Commissioner of Agriculture. E. R. Root : Honey adulterated with sugar syrup is not easily detected; but when adulterated with a cheap grade of glucose, which is commonly used, and which can be bought for about one cent a pound, it is very easily detected. It has a metal- lic taste, and, by getting used to the taste of glu- cose, it can be told even if only a small per cent, is present. Another way to test is by putting in wood alcohol and stir it thoroughly, which will give it a cloudy appearance. Mr. Stewart: Black-brood was introduced into this State in the northern part of Schoharie County and was probably brought from the South. It is a disease that seems to lose its power or virulence in the hands of thorough bee-keepers. It has an acid or gluey smell; more of the brood dies before it is capped than in foul-brood. Fulton and Mont- gomery Counties are the counties most affected. I never saw foul-brood and black-brood both pres- ent in the same apiary. It has been my experi- ence that the McAvoy treatment will cure black- brood and I do not think it necessary to close the hive; but believe the principal cause of spreading is from the honey being carried from one colony to another by the bees going into the wrong hive. The Italian bees will withstand the disease the best and combat its ravages better than any other race. Prof. S. A. Beach, of Geneva Experiment Sta- tion, who had been conducting quite extensive experiments on spraying fruit trees while in bloom, under the law which had been amended for that purpose, said in part : " I take the position that it is not best to spray plants while in bloom. The fruit-growers in the western part of the State bad a sort of a craze for spraying trees while in bloom and made very determined efforts to get the law repealed, and succeeded in getting it so amended that experiment stations could spray for experi- mental purposes. The influence the insects have on the setting of fruit is very beneficial* in fact, some varieties cannot set fruit without the aid of insects. It is also beneficial to the flowers to have pollen brought from other flowers. As an example of the evil effects of spraying fruit trees while in bloom, the following will serve : In a sugar solution nearly all of the pollen grains grew. In five per cent, sugar solution and five per cent. Bordeaux mixture none of the pollen grains grew. In two per cent, sugar solution and two per cent. Bordeaux mixture very few of the pollen grains grew. The experiment resulted the same with Paris green as with Bordeaux mixture. R. M. Kellogg, of Michigan, tried spraying strawberries while in bloom, to his sorrow. On an orchard where part of the trees were sprayed and 42 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER March part were not, the sprayed showed a loss of one- half to one and one-half bushels to the tree. At the Station we experlmanted by spraying re- peatedly one side of a tree and not spraying the other side at all, while in blossom. The sprayed side had no fruit on it while the ua^prayed side was full, which shows very conclusively that the spraying killed the blossoms. I was told by one man who sprayed while in bloom last year, that he estimated his loss to be from $T00to$l,000 from the effects of the spraying." F. Greiner: "Render unto Caesar the things that are Ca!sar's." Mr. Greiner believed that credit should be given where credit is due; and that he did not believe Moses Quinby received the credit justly due him. O. L. Herschiser, Superintendent of the Apiarian Exhibit at the Pan-American, informed tho Con- vention that the apiarian exhibit was expected to be the finest ever seen, especially at the later part of the season. Prof. Victor H. Lowe, of Geneva Experiment Station, gave us the result of his experiments on fruit-pollenation, which showed very conclusively that insects were absolutely necessary for the fertilization of the blossoms. Illustrated lecture by E. K. Root. This, we be- lieve, was about the same as given at the other conventions, and a vote of thanks was tendered to Mr. Root for the entertainment he had afforded the Convention. Officers were elected as follows: President, W. F. Marks; Vice-President, N. L. Stevens: Secre- tary and Treasurer, C. B. Howard. The Committee on Resolutions reported as follows: RESOLITTIONS DRAFTED BY THE COMMITTEE. 1. Your committee is aware that our laws of adulteration of honey is not enforced by the State Board of Health, whose duty it is to do so; Therefore, be it Resolved: That the enforce- ment of the law relating to adulterated honey be placed under the control of the Department of Agriculture if the Department will consent, and that we instruct our officers to use their utmost efforts to accomplish this end. 2. Resolved: That we tender our thanks to the Bureau of Farmers' Institutes for aid rendered in conducting a series of Bee-keepers' Institutes throughout the State. Also to Professor Beach, Mr. E. R. Root, the State Inspectors, and all other visitors who con- tributed to make our meeting interesting. We appreciate the courtesy shown us as a Society by the proprietor of the Kirkwood; and we extend our thanks for privileges enjoyed. Frikd.man.v Greineu. V. L. Stiivens. E. H. I'Eiiuv. V. J. Hai,dhii)(;e. (). L. Herschiser was elected as a delegate to represent the Association at the next Pure Food Congress at Washington, when called. Geneva, N. Y., Jan. H, 1901. THE U. D. QUEEN-REARING AND NURSERY CAGE. A Novel and Promising Arrangement Devised by the Gentleman Whose Portrait Graces a Page of This Number. BY ".SWAUTHMORE." IT is almost impossible to g'ive an ac- curate description of this cage with- out an illustration, not because it is so intricate, but for the reason that it is of peculiar construction. It is really a combination of the best features of all tin- cages and is adaptable to all methods ot queen-rearing. Its use simplifies the performance in cell-getting and lessens the manipulations after the cells are started. The cage itself is of one-half inch stuff, cut into strips so as to join a frame two inches wide and of a length just righti to fit between the end-bars of an ordinary frame. When three are placed one above the other, they exactly fill a Simplicity frame. The top and the bottom board have a series of half-inch holes bored five-eighths inch apart along the entire length of each strip— twenty- five holes to a strip — and between each hole is a saw-cut to admit separating tins, which tins are easily slid in and out at will. The end-bars of the cage are nailed fast to the bottom strip. A sheet of wire cloth is tacked permanently onto one side and a piece of perforated metal is adjust- ed to the other in such manner that it may be removed at will and replaced as occasions demand. The top-bar fits loosely and is held in place by small staples which pass through the perfora- tions of the zinc at intervals. When ready to start cells, the top-bai- is removed from the cage proper which gives perfect freedom for any form of operation. I prefer the plug-cup plan, as e.Kplained hereafter. To secure these plug-cups lay the top-bars down onto a smooth surface and run melted wax into the holes. When the wax cools shave the lf)01 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 43 plugs flush witli the wood with a forming stick, then make into the center of eacli wax-plug an impression one-half inch deep ; then put tiie bars away ready to be drawn upon at any time when cells are wanted. If you practice the Doolittle plan of cell-getting simply place the top- bar in the sun for a bit to warm and with a forming-stick burnish or polish the cups l)y first passing the stick to the mouth and then rapidly twirling it in the bot- tom of each cup, and. after shaving oil:' the bits of wax. proceed to transfer the larvie etc. With the Alley method cut pegs of one egg each and set them one in each iiole with a drop of molten wax. If you practice the Pridgen method place a ■'eradle-and-all" in the bottom of each cup, just as he told you, or you may graft eggs as I have explained in a previous letter. After the cells are well under way, bring the top bar and the cage proper to- gether, slide a tin between each cell, put the zinc in place ; slip all into a regular frame arid you have something of regular size which may be handled or placed anywhere like an ordinary frame with no further trouble until the cells begin to hatch, then a strip of wire-cloth should be placed over the zinc inside the slats which bind the metal, or the cage may be placed with queenless bees wlio will care for and feed the young queens. The lower holes of the cage are to hold sponges which act as corks to each com- partment in confining the young queens ; also, when saturated with honey to fur- nish food during their imprisonment. When you have once secured good cells, one on each plug, across the entire length of the bar, do not destroy them ; shave them off carefully, remove the jelly and use again and again. An egg may be grafted into each cell and the cage at once placed in the midst of a powerful colony without further manipulation, when, at the end of a week, a lot of fine, natural or swarm-cells will be found nice- ly built out. To give the bees plenty of Continued on page 44. THE SWARTHMORE APIARIES. T (8ee page 52.) HE full-page picture presented in this number of The Bee-keeper will be of interest to those who have followed the instructive and en- tertaining series of articles now appear- ing, from the pen of " Swarthmore,"' whose portrait also constitutes a part of the rather harmonious medley. In response to our request for aiT explana- tory letter, " (Swarthmore" wrote: My Dear Editor : In the upper left corner is a view from the banks of the DelawareRiver, which flows through tliis section and which waters a wide range, furnishing a never-failing honey source throughout this entire section about Philadelphia. The honey is light amber, of good flavor and of excellent body, and mostly gathered in the autumn. A corner in my home yard is shown in the largest picture and below this a group of several little fertilizing hives. The apiarist is introducing queens a la Alley, with tobacco smoke. These small hives hold frames i}4 x8>^, and are the most convenient and least expensive for queen-rearing on a large scale. You will notice that each hive is stilted above the ground by attaching a stake to the side of hive. These stakes are held in place by screw-eyes and are easily removed at will. When we set out these little nuclei we generally se- lect a plot where the grass will likely be undisturbed, and when grown up it forms the best protection possible to the colony, also furnishing excellent marks for flying queens. The stakes raise the hives high and dry, which is very important in this latitude. The details of the fertilizing hive, also the breeding-queen hive, are shown in the foreground ; also one of the "Swarth- more '" nursery cages, both explained in articles already written and in your hands. The IT. D. feature is extended to these little hives in that four of the small frames just fit inside an L-frame and at the proper time a full colony may be broken into ten to fifteen parts to form queen fertilizing colonies. The frame standing upright shows very distinctly the scheme for securing brood and honey for the little hives. In the out-yards we feed these little colonies from inverted salt shakers and electric lamp bulbs, but at home we drop lozenges of good food into each hive every few days. Yours truly, " Swarthmorp:."' 44 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER March The U. D. Cage. — Continued. room for this work the plugs should tx' one inch apart, or the tins may be left out atfirst to be put in place after the cells are capped, as one pleases. Asa nursery this cage fills the bill — seventy-five queens are accommodated in a single frame; laying oV virgin, they will be as well cared for by the bees as though each queen were in a separate hive by herself. I have had as high as two hundred queens in a single nucleus ; and this winter I shall undertake to winter seventy-five queens to the colony, to get even with my friends in the South, who have heretofore led me sixty days on account of location. ' ' S W A RTHMORE. ■ ' .Swarthmore, Pa., Oct. I'.tOO. A SETTING BEES FROM CELLAR ETC. BY a. M. DOOLITTLE. COKKE.SPONDENT wishes me to tell in The American Bee- keeper how I set the bees from the, cellar and also if I set each colony on the same stand it occupied the fall pre- vi(jus. Answering the last question first. I will say that it is supposed by many that when the bees are set from the cel- lar each colony must occupy the exact position or stand that they did the sum- mer previous, or else many bees will be lost by going back to their former loca- tion. Those who are at all familiar with bees know that the young bee. when it comes out of the hive for the first time, marks its location by turning its head toward the hive upon taking wing, when it commences flying in front of the hive in circles, each circle growinsr larger as it Through the courtesy of Glean- ings in Bee-culture, in which jour- nal the U. D. cage was previously ] Ig described, we are permitted to present an excellent illustration of its construction. LTpon receipt of a sample cage, which "Swarth- more'' sent for inspection, we had some misgivings as to the advisa- bility of confining virgin queens with perforated zinc ; and accord- ingly wrote " Swarthmore" asking o for his experience. We can do no better than to give the reply in his own words : My Dear Mk. Hii.i. : V i rg i n (lueens, if properly developed, can- not pass the Tinker zinc: they can the Root zinc, however. It is very important to make sure of fully developed (pieens liy giving cells to powerful colonies only: a fairly strong colony will build a few cells of good size- — perluips six or eight ; but the queens coming from them are some- times small and ])Oor. A colony strong enough to start twenty live good cells should be chosen, and after the beeS liavc worked on said cells thirty-six hours. they should be rcmov(>d and given to an- other powerful colony to be linisheil. lu this way no undersized virgins will ever lie found in tlu; cages. ■SwAiniiMORK. ■■ Showing construction of U. D. Cage, goes further from the hive until it is lost from sight. In this way the exact spot of '•home'' is located, after which no uu)re precaution needs be taken by oui- bee. for it seems to remember ever after- wards where its home is. For this reason it leaves its hive on all subsecpuMit times in a direct line of Hight. never looking at the hive at all. so that if the hive is afterwards carried to a new location, the bees do not seem to know it. (unless cai- ried two or more miles away so that all the surroundings are (Mitirch different) 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 45 but sally forth only to return to the exact spot where they first marked their home, there to die a homeless wanderer. Now while, as a rule, this is perfectly true, no matter whether the hive is moved at night or in the daytime, yet I find that there are two exceptions, one of which is in the case of a swarm and the other is their first flights in the spring. While the bees always seem to know where their old location was. so that the swarm or bees, in the spring can return if they desire to, still a swarm does not so desire, except from loss of (lueen. nor do the bees in the spring, if set out in the following manner, which is the wav I always do it : I first light my smoker and proceed with it and a spring wheelbarrow to the cellar door, at which place both are left, when I go in and get one of the colonies and place it on the barrovi'. As soon as this is done I puff a little smoke in at the entrance of the hive, so as to keep the bees from running out and stinging me or getting lost, which they are sure to do if no precaution is taken ; and of all the bees to sting, such bees as are suddenly awakened from a long winters nap, are the worst. Then, all such bees as go out before the hive is placed upon its stand are lost, as they mark their location wiiere they leave the hive, inid >o never find it again. Also, the smoking causes them to be slower about coming out, so tliat swarming out and confusion are avoided. As soon as the smoke is puffed into tiie hive, the cellar door is shut (having an assistant to close it would be still better) so as not to raise the temper- ature and thus arouse the bees inside. The hive is then wheeled to where it is to stand in the summer, the entrance adjusted and the outside cover put on. In setting out I do not carry all out at one time, but I set out ten to twenty in the morning, scatttering them well over the yard, and then as many more in the afternoon, commencing at from two to three o'clock, according to the warmth of the day. setting last about amongst those set out in the morning. In this way all robbing and mixing of bees is avoided. Of course, it is understood that the bees are only set out on pleasant days, with the murcury at fifty degrees or more above in the shade. Borodino. N. Y. SOME QUEENS I KNEW. BV .1. O. GRIMSLEY. THE loafer at the crossroads store makes his appearance with perfect regularity and, taking his seat on the dry goods box which he occupied the day before, proceeds, after giving his jack-knife a few " whets" across his brogan, to whittle in the same notch. So here I am on the same box — Some Queens I Knew — ready for another bout at carving. When one turns his back on the fut- ure and begins looking backward, as a usual thing he is in a bad row of stumps; but there are times when a glance back- ward has quite a different effect to what it did on Lot's wife. We bee-keepers especially are greatly benefitted many times by a glance backward. Often do I think of this when a cer- tain queen I knew comes to my mind, and I can but wonder at what the future may prove. This queen was one 1 purchased from an Arkansas breeder, and was highly recommended. The man I bought her of said she was a tested breeder and that her colony had stored already 120 pounds of honey in sections that season, and there was an- other case nearly ready to take. We must admit that 144 pounds of section honey is no bad record. The price agreed upon was $6; and the queen was successfully introduced to a full colony in my apiary. Imagine my surprise when her bee>; began to show up very irregular in color. "Tested as a breeder," but surely, such a queen could not pro- duce uniform royal offspring. Her bees while being very irregular in color, were all three-banded. Some would show the three bands onlv when filled with 46 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER March honey, while the bands of others were so wide as to almost blend into one. It was getting late in the season for rear- ing queens, but a few colonies needed re-queening and 1 prepared a lot of cells and grafted them from my Arkansas queen. To my great surprise this lot of queens were very uniform, and were all very fine. Not one was mismated and their workers showed up much more uniform than those from the breeder. The next season gave me a chance to give her a thorough test, and I found that she excelled anything 1 had tried as a breeder. But there was one peculiarity about her royal offspring : I could not get a single breeder from the entire lot. Hardly one of them but what showed up better bees than she did, yet every queen I reared from any of them would show a large per cent, of black bees. Now why did the granddaughters show the black blood while the daughters showed brighter and more uniform workers than she did ? This is a problem in heredity that I cannot solve. I will explain that they were all mated in the same apiary and under same conditions. One day while busy in tlie apiary a neighbor appeared on the scene and asked me to go and hive a swarm. "They had settled,'' he said, "on a black gum, out on a limb about twenty feet from the ground."' We took a hive along and after a mile's walk reached the place where the bees had settled. They were what he called " blacks, " so I put on a veil and "fixed up." I went up after the bees, removed them from the limb and let them down to the old gentle- man. To my surprise I did not see a mad bee. I descended from the tree and went to help "get the bees in" and soon learned that a veil was worse than useless. The bees were very large and uncommonly gentle. They were uni- form brown, and wlien tilled witli lioiiey iini\ tli(! abdomen curved, there was a l)right yellow spot visible on the tirst division. These bees proved U) he the equal of any in our neighborhood — extra good comb builders and the queen very prolific. I have seen others since, just like her, and 1 pronounce them \n\vi-. (German. If I find another of the same kind I am going to establish an apiary of them, as I consider them of exceptional value. Of course, our de- generate blacks are not worth the space they occupy, but bees like those were are worth caring for. One very desirable trait is that they cap their honey so white. So ends my musings on "Queens I Have Known." I don't feel that I can do justice to a few queens I have heard of or read about or I might promise a few lines. "Sufiticient unto the day is the evil thereof," consequently I will " act as the spirit moves me.'" Beeville. Tenn. AN ARTIFICIAL INCREASE EPISODE. MY G. C. GKEINEK. THE honey season of a year ago was one long to be remembered. It was the poorest, most destitute of honey, from beginning to end, that I ever experienced. There was nothing to do for the apiarist but to wait, and this continuous waiting grew so monotonous that I longed for something to do in the line of bee-keeping. I had about a dozen colonies to transfer which I intended to do whenever bees could find honey enough away from home to keep them from robbing. During the time we generally have oni* basswood honey-flow, bees did find a little honey, and I imagined tlu" usual flow from that source had begun. This led me to think that my chance for that littl(> frausferring job had come and start- ed iu with what I considered one of my strdugest colonies. I found, to my sur- prise, not only a strong colony but a liive full of brood also, so that 1 could (ill eight of my frames, mostly all brood. As I felt anxious to increase all I could, 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 47 I decided to divide these eight frames into two equal parts, (according to the amount of brood) give each a laying (lueen, place them onto the stands of two other strong colonies and move the latter to new locations. I had just made the changes and was watching the returning bees enter their new homes when I was called away. Instead of coming right back, as I expected, I was detained per- iiaps a half hour. When returning to my bees I found the whole apiary in a com- plete uproar. Robbing was going on at the two new hives at a fearful rate. Of course, I closed both hives as soon as possible, and by repeated opening and closing just at the right time, I succeeded in (luieting the excitement. But what was the result ? Hardly a single bee was left in either of the two hives. The fly- ing bees of the two removed colonies, which I expected should stock up and form my young swarms, had gone with the robbers. I had two hives, each with about four combs of brood and some honey; each one had a laying queen, but no bees — a discouraging prospect. The question may be asked here : What became of the bees that belonged to these combs before they were transferred ? To explain, I will say that I shook and brushed them off their combs and gave them an empty hive with starters. As I said before. I had the extra laying queens aiul wanted to increase all I could. At that time bees were generally lay- ing out quite heavy. The hives next to these beeless ones were black in front with bees and these I used to stock up again. By scraping two or three times very carefully up the front, catching all the bees I could. I nearly tilled a two- quart ilipper, enough bees, I judged, to populate one of my deserted hives. When I dumped them on the alighting board in front of the entrance, they at once tra- velled toward the offered hive and seemed to take possession as any well- behaving natural swarm ever did : but before the last ones had entered in the first ones began to '"enter out" again. Just then I closed the hive. After serv- ing the other in like manner, I left both to their own fate for the time being. On the evening of the next day I opened their entrances very cautiously, expect- ing to see them skip on double-quick time and return to their respective homes. In this I was mistaken ; they never of- fered to leave or show any signs of dis- contentment. The next morning I. examined the hives and found all combs (brood) so nicely covered with bees that I felt perfectly safe in liberating both queens that same day. They were both accepted, began to lay in proper time and built up their colonies during the remainder of the season as well as any I had in the yard. But the season proved a great disap- ])ointment after all ; the anticipated bass- wood honey-flow did not materialize. After the bees worked a very little for two or three days, some just began in sections, they stopped again completely and never stored any more, even in their brood-chambers, so that many depended on feeding for their winter supplies. LaSalle. N.Y., Nov. 30, 1900. WEAK COLONIES IN THE SPRING. BY ARTHTK C. MILLER. THE treatment of weak colonies in early spring is the subject of many essays, and all seem to be but vari- ations of some two or three methods. I have tried many of them only to be dis- satistted, and finally started out on ex- periments for myself, and it is concern- ing these I would ask your attention. My first endeavor was to ascertain the cause of colonies being in such a condi- tion at that time of year, and my conclusions were as follows : First. Too late or improper prepara- tion in the preceding fall. Second. Not enough bees reared in the latter part of the summer to give the colony a sufficient population of vigorous bees. Third. A weak and failing queen. Fourth. Poor or insufficient stores ; or a combination of 48 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER March any two or more of thes*;.. The order in which they are stated is nearly tlie order of their importance. To determine whicii one or more of these causes have affected the colony under inspection is not always possible, but with the excep- tion of a case where the queen is of val- uable blood and to be saved, the treat- ment may be the same for all. It is to destroy the queen and unite the weak with a fairly good colony, making it as strong as the strongest. Simple, quick, efficacious, and all colonies are made as nearly as possible of equal strength at the same time, which makes easy and uniform our future manipulations. Where I desire to save the queen, I take from her all brood but what is sealed, leave her enough bees to make a good nucleus, putting the other brood and bees in some strong colony. This keeps the queen alive and laying slowly until such time as I wish to make other dis- position of her, and it puts very few use- less workers in the field — useless because non-producers of surplus. With due and proper care in the fall, weak colonies should not appear in the spring, and where they do, after such care, it is safe to lay it to the queen and destroy her. I wish to make an earnest protest against the advocacy of the practice of drawing from the strong to build up the weak. The result is to always weaken the strong and to seldom make the weak enough stronger to be of substantial value in the honey-harvest. To unite two or more weak colonies in the effort to get one strong one is a practice sel- dom attended with that result, the united colony generally dwindling to meagre proportions. I concede thai in some places where time is not valuable and harvest comes late, it may bo wortli while to build up these weak colon i(»s. but in southern New t:ngland itdecichul- ly is not. It is the number of strong working colonies that count, not the number of hives occui)ied by bees. Voii uuiv tiike it as an axiom that it never pays to fuss with and nurse weak colonies. Providence. K. I., .lau. 4. lliOl. ARE WE BUSINESS-LIKE? vy AUTiirn c. iMili.kk. DO WE as a class put enough capi- tal into our business? Observa- tion extending over twenty years brings me to the conclusion that we do not equip ourselves to do our work in tin- most economical way. The bee-journals are full of descriptions of home-made makeshifts of various apicultural imple- ments which it would have been far cheaper to have bought in substantial and well-made form from some manu- facturer or supply dealer. Just look at the number of bee-keepers who try to make their own hives etc., who get along with a cheap, (?) poor smoker and with a low-priced, non-reversible extractor. How often do we find an apiary con- veniently arranged with a handy, well- planned work shop and honey house ? How many have sufficient extra hives, supers and extracting combs to take easy and quick advantage of heavy honey- fiows ? How many are equipped to so handle their bees as to make them yield all possible under any adverse conditions of the honey-tlow? | Take the time this winter to go care- ' fully over your whole plant and see how you can improve. See if you have enough capital invested with which to ' properly do the volume of business you are trying to do. Do not be afraid of paying a good price for ag(H)d implement for 'twill be money well invested if 'tis one that will save you either time or labor. Von may say you cannot af- ford it. Can you afforil to do business without it ? Perhaps you cauii')t spare Mie casji for many things ncM'ded : if not. then g(!t the most important thing first and tlie others as you can. If th(^ busi- ness is worthy of your attention at all, it is worthy thi* l>est tools and implements to do it with. I'roviilelice. \l. L. Oct. -J:!. I'.KIO. 19U1 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 49 ODDS AND ENDS. BY I'. GREIXER. IT lias long b(>ea an open secret that the honey served at the hotels id Switzerland is an adulterated mix- ture, or, rather, an imitation that has never seen any honey. Mr. Dadant, on his visit in Switzerland has had occasion to eat this mixture. He found it not alone pleasant to the taste but he came to the conclusion that it must have been the genuine article, honey. German writers think it rather a joke on Dadant that he could allow himself to be thus taken in. It must be, they say, that in America the adulterators of honey have not made rapid strides to bring their art to perfection : and they assert that in Europe honey is so perfectly imitated that the adulterated article can many times not be distinguished from the real article. Further they say, such methods as given by Mr. Cowan in Chicago to de- tect adulteration, fail to give any result with such adulterated honey as is found on the European continent. It seems to me that the American mixers are bunglers and have no eye for business. At the New York State Bee-keepers' Conven- tion it was stated that bogus honey found in the stores of the City of Geneva was of such a vile nature that it was tliought one little bottle of it would bo sufticient to last a family a month. How slupid it is for any one to offer such \'\\i'. stuff for sale at all I It would seem that in tlie fii'St place it should be made pleasant to the taste. They do seem to understand that part of it In Switzerland. It is said that their lioney is made from corn syrup flavored with extracts distilled from flowers, and that chemistry fails to reveal any dift'er- ence between hive-honey and the adul- terated article. I have known bee-keepers in Virginia ti) add some granulated sugar syrup to their blue-thistle honey ; I have spliced out my own product this year in a similar way in order that it might last us for our buckwheat cakes during the season. The addition of sugar syrup prevents the granulation of the mixture. 1 do not recommend to mix honey in this fashion for the trade ; although it would often be an advantage if honey put up in glass could be k-ept in liquid form. The fancy trade wants clear, transparent honey, and it is a problem to keep pure honey from granulating. Mr. Rice, of the New York State Farmers' Institute force, is an extensive apple and fruit giower in Westchester County. lie spoke on spraying at a late Institute. '" The time to spray is," he said, "before the buds open, then again a little after the petals of the blossoms have fallen. Never spray during the bloom, because you would not only Ivill a multitude of small insects that help in carrying pollen from blossom to blossom, but principally the honey-bees, the fruit- growers" friends; besides, you would ma- terially diminish your fruit-crop." Prof. Beach, Horticulturist at the New York Agricultural Experiment Station, made a similar statement before -the New York State Bee-keeperS' Association in (ieneva. He said : "There seems to be a craze among some fruit-growers of certain localities to spray trees while they are in bloom. We have made some experiments placing pollen grains into a sweet fluid. There they would grow just as though they had lodged on tlie stigma of a blossom. By adding to this fluid two per cent, bordeaux or Paris green mixture, the pollen grains lost their vitality, showing that arsenic and sul- phate of copper are detrimental to fruit setting. In actual practice we found that trees sprayed thoroughly while in bloom bore almost no fruit whatever; those not sprayed while the bloom lasted bore abundantly." When scientists and the practical fruit- growers agree so perfectly on this ques- tion I hardly think there will be a great deal of trouble in the future between the bee-keeper and the f I'uit-grower along the line of spraying. 50 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Mil roll Queeu bees are sometimes injured in tlio mails. I remember receiving two thus injured, one proved to be a drone layer, the other laid eggs sparingly and was superseded after a little time. I am of the opinion this latter queen would have been just as good for breeding (lueens from as though she had come through the mails uninjured. A friend and neighbor of mine does not agree with me. He wants a number of us here to go in partnership, send a man to some good queen-breeder, procure the queens and bring them to each of us in person, thus avoiding any possible injury to the queens. The project did not strike me very favorably. I have noticed this in my experience with bees : Before queens are superseded they generally fail in their egg-producing powers. They may even be without a leg or a wing, yet the young queen that takes her place, although originating from a defective mother, gen- erally turns out to be a good queen. Injuries of queens resulting from acci- dents are transmitted to offspring no more than dehorned cows will produce hornless calves. I would like to hear from others whether they consider it safe to breed from queens that have come by mail. Naples, Jan. 39, 1901. [While Mr. Greiner in his first para- graph distinctly says he does not recom- mend mixing honey for the trade — and those who know him need no such assurance— his remarks in general border dangerously upon a fraudulent practice which we believe finds no quarter among producers. There is no one thing to-day which conspires with equal force against the financial success of the honey produ- cer. The very semblance of adulteration should l)e avoided. The practice of feed- ing sugar syrup for winter stores is not without evil effect iii)oii our business. It is the moral right of any one to mix and pirtake of any mixture which his palate or economy "may suggest ; but we arc sure that Mr. (Jrcuner woiild have our vounger readers know that he is now and 'always emphatically •■down" on adul- teration. The future success of bee- k«'ei>iug is more dependent upon our ability to wipe out adulteration, than upon auv other one condition. — Ei>.] POISONING BEES BY SPRAYING. BY M. F. KEEVK. THE subject of the poisoning of bees by spraying with the arsenites was again discussed at a recent meet- ing of the Philadelphia Bee-keepers' Association and a committee was ap- . pointed to bring the action of the Soci- ety at its summer meeting to the notice of the different agricultural and horti- cultural associations of Pennsylvania. Delaware and New Jersey. The previous action spoken of was the adoption of a resolution that, in view of the destruction wrought among the bees by having gathered poison sprayed upon fruit blossoms by fruit growers ignorant of, or indifferent to, the benefits derived from bees on the fertilization of such blossoms, the Association strongh condemned such practice by fruit grow- ers and advised that spraying be done at the proper time, that is, before and after the trees are in blossom. The Association also discussed foul brood and the possibility of its intro- duction into this vicinity. Intending buyers of combs, queens and bees were advised to find out the condition ot the selling apiaries. It was pointed out that a possible source of the disease was in wax brought from Cuba, to be used in fabricating comb foundation, the heating necessary for manipulation not being considered sufficient to kill the germs. Three hours at boiling point (213 degrees) had been found to be neces- sary. Vice-president Flower said he would not feel store or purchased honey if it were given to him. The movement for the formation of a Pennsylvania State Bee-keepers" Associ- ation moves along slowly. Kutledge. Pa.. Dec. 33. 1!»00. \V. M. (ierrish. East Nottingham. N. 11.. keeps a complete supply uf our goods, and eastern customers will save freight by ordering of him. The W. T. Faixoxkk Mfg. Co. 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Our Amateur Table. A CASE OF SUPERSEDUKE. Wellsville, N.Y., Feb. 11, 190 L. Editor Bee-keeper : Oii page 2!) 1 note a query under the heading, " A Nut with a Dollar in it." I do not want the dollar, but should say the cause of the swarm leaving was that the colony was superseding its queen. I have had the old queen tolerated for quite a long time after a young one had hatched. Probaoly more than one queen was raised, hence, the swarm. Yours truly, H. J. Rogers. Eddy, N. Y., Feb. 11, 1901. Editor Bee-keeper : I think the reason the swarm ran away and left the old queen in the hive was that another swarm came out a few days before and went in this hive ; and, as soon as weather permitted, came out again and started for the woods, leaving the ^ old clipped queen in the hive. During the time they were in the hive they had found a tree and when they came out they started for it. Yours, • T. H. Barber. ; Wayland, N.Y., Feb. 7, 1901. Editor Bee-keeper : The answer that I should give to the question on page 39, February issue would be that the weather being unfavorable, the swarna remained in hive until one of the young queens hatched, then as she took lier wedding flight she was followed by the swarm, and not being mated she led off instead of clustering. Yours, W. W. Shepard. (iETS the dollar. Baders. Schuyler Co., 111., Feb.9, 1901.. Editor American Bee-keeper : In answer to question on page 39 of The Bee-keeper. The reason the gentle- man's bees absconded was because the weather was unfavorable and swarming was held back until the young queen had hatched and, of course, swarmed with the young queen. Both queens, of course, went out with the swarm, but the old one being unable to fly, crawled back into the hive, and the young queen went with the swarm. It seems these bees left immediately for the woods without clustering. Now, this young queen was a virgin, and these vir- gins are known to perform just such caper's as this. Very respectfully, M. H. LiND. [Right you are, Mr. Lind ; and your dollar was mailed to your address on the 14th of February. — Editor.] A NEW contest. During the past few months the Edi- tor has formed many new and pleasant acquaintances among our rapidly in- creasing circle of amateurs and begin- ners in bee-keeping. He has not only had the pleasure of offering suggestions which have evidently been received with gratitude and profit by those who solicited advice; but has learned some things himself as a result of this pleas- ant correspondence. One thing of par- ticular interest : . That very many of these small bee-keepers, from whom we seldom hear through the press, have ideas and methods of their own, which are as interesting as they are original. From this great army of beginners must develop the apicultural writers of the Twentieth Century. The American Bee-keeper is too impatient to wait fifty or seventy-five years in order that these developments shall be revealed in the natural course of events. We want as many as will, to write as once, giving their views upon the following subject : getting ready for the honey crop. Each month, until further notice, we shall pay for three letters, to be publish- ed in this department! For the best dis- cussion of the subject named in the previ- 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 53 oiis number of The Bee-keepek, and re- ceived not later than the fifteenth of the month, we shall pay $1.00; for the second 50 cents: the third 35 cents. We reserve the right to publish any article submitted, whether it wins a prize or not. All unavailable manuscripts will be returned if requested by the con- tributor when sending it in. Short letters are always more acceptable than long ones. Waste no time on apologies. Write to the point as much as possible and address your communication to H. E. Hii.i,. Ft. Pierce, Fla. HE WON ONE ON NUMBER ONE. Baders, 111., Feb. 18, 1901. Editor American Bee-keeper: Yours of the 14th inst.. enclosing igl.OO for the correct answer to question in Amateur Table of February number, received. I feel greatly obliged to you for your promptness. Wishing The Bee-keeper success, I am, yours, M. H. Lind. P. S. — I have received but one number of The Bee-keeper and can say that it is a splendid bee-jourual; and if all its readers would join in and contribute to its columns, no doubt it would still be a iielp towards improving it. I will give you a little report in regard to my bee-keeping. In the spring of 1900 I came through the winter with forty-three colonies in good shape for business : so about April riOth I began to spread brood in the strongest colonies, and by the time white clover was in full bloom I had most of my hives running over with bees. But as the weather was too dry and the nights too cool, the white clover yielded but very little nectar for about two weeks and the consequence was that most colonies that had drones were killing them off and so stopped swarming, so I only got one swarm for the season. Then, somehow, the parent hive lost its • lueen, so I united them with the swarm, which left me without any increase. My honey-crop was all comb, and the aver- age was about :12^._, pounds per colony. So far this winter my bees are winter- ing finely on their summer stands, packed on three sides with forest leaves and A. Hill's device, and chaff cushions over the brood-chamber. Now, Mr. Editor, if you find any thing that will be of benefit to the readers of The American Bee-keeper, you can use it for publication : if not, cast it in your waste basket. M. H. L. THREE E8SP:NTIAI> POINTS IN QUKEN- REARING. To rear good queens, equal to those reared under the swarming impulse, three essential points must be observed: They must be reared from small larvae. Those twelve to twenty-four hours old are just right for the purpose. If bees are given larvie of all ages from which to rear queens, some of the queens will be almost worthless. Doo- little puts the limit at thirty-six hours; but to be on the safe side I would advise the use of larvas not more than twenty- four hours old ; for no queen-breeder will say that the former are better than the latter. The queen-cells must be built in full colonies well supplied with young bees. The young bees do the nursing; there- fore it is necessary to have plenty of young bees to feed the embryo queens a large quantity of the royal food, that strong, well-developed queens may be produced. They must be either reared during a good honey-flow or, in the absence of this, liberal feeding must be practiced. This is highly important and is the only way in which we can rear good queens after the honey-season is over. During my twenty years' experience in queen-i'earing I have tried every method which has been brought to pub- lic notice and I consider Doolittle's method far superior to all others. This method combines tlw essential points mentioned above in the highest de- gree. By it we are enabled to have queen-cells built in the upper story of o4 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER March any colony devoted to tlie production of extracted honey having a, queen ex- cluding; honey-board between the up- per story and brood-chamber. Remove two frames from the upper story of such a colony, and in their place put two frames of unsealed brood. The object in doing this is to draw a larj^e force of nurse-bees above to attend to the qneen-cells. Two days later remove another frame from the upper story, spread the two frames of brood apart and place a prepared frame between them. By "prepared frame" is meant a frame containing a number of queen cell-cups, each supplied with a little royal jelly and a larva about a day old. About fifteen cells are as many as a colony should be allowed to build at one time. In order to improve our stock for honey-gathering we must keep a record each season of our best colonies and rear queens from the stock giving the best results. Have them crossed as far as possible with drones not akin of other good stock. This is accomplished by stocking our apiary with drones not related to our breeding-queens. This is very important and must not be over- looked if we desire to improve our stock. In presenting the foregoing, the Ohio Farmer says that the writer, a Iven- tucky apiarist, is considered one of the best queen-raisers in tiie country. IS IT BEST TO KEEP BEES? BY IJKV. C. M. HEItKING. THIS question is worthy of consider- ation by our farmers. During these long winter evenings of quiet thought and study, in which the plans and enterprises of the coming season are all talked over with the good wife and the boys, tliis question should come in for a share. In tiie midst of such a family council I would like to intrude^ myself and speak on. this (|Uosti(ui. Ivet thi' wiu)le famil\' he assembled — girls, boys, and. if you wisii. tlu' neigh- bors : and let every one be free to raise objections. Says the tirst speaker: '"I like the beef, but I am afraid of their stings. That barbed, pointed sting that fastens in my flesh, and causes sharp pain afid swelling, is what drives me as far as possible from the company of bees. If these creatures had no stings 1 would look upon them with favor!" Yes, it is true this is one of the drawbacks in keeping bees. There is a universal dread of this poisonous weapon, and when its barbed point pierces our flesh it causes pain. But in time this evil will almost entirely disap- pear. There are remedies and devices by which it is controlled and diverted. Inside of a successful apiary the master has no fear. He knows when and how far to venture, and ihe remedy to be ap- plied, and he moves among his bees as though they were so many files. And then, in many respects, the sting of the bee is a benefit. It is used as a trowel in capping tlie honey and prepar- ing it for long keeping. And the dread of its power in the minds of all intruders and thieves is a constant pro- tection to the hives and all the grounds. In all my long experience in bee-culture I never had but one hive which was at- tempted to bo stolen ; and that was only moved about twenty feet from the stand, when the enraged bees' so chased away the robbers as never to return. You object again that you have no gumption for such business, and if com- menced you will mak(! a failure. This is true with many who start out on this business without counting the cost. The work requires careful study and deter- mination. Like all other business, it will not run itself. As for peculiar gumption, it is all a sham that many people have that they are not particular favorites of the bees and can never come into their fellowi'hip. The man who has good common sense, determination and push, has the gumption required. And while it. is true that there is a diversity of talents among men, and some 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 55 will succeed better than others, the cases are very rare, when the will is strong- and the purpose is fixed, that the com- mon man or woman will fail of success. The trouble is that men purchase bees (often clump bees), put them in the wrong place and then leave them to take care of themselves. They do not study and practice the secrets of the trade. The bees are neglected and soon the business becomes a disgust. If the farmer should treat his farm, his horse, his cow or his hens in this way, he would soon be digusted with the whole thing. You object again to the expense and time required. It is true a good hive of bees costs money, time, care and work, and so do hens, pigs and cows. Good cows, good horses and a good farm cost more than poor ones. The same is true of bees, as in other things, the best are usually the cheapest. To commence and manage the apiary in a small way, at first, with good blood and good hives, is the true way to success. My neighbor who started in this way three years ago, nearly doubled his money the first year, and is now among the foremost in this business. When properly managed it pays. It pays in honey, and it pays in pleasure — real comfort ! It opens to the one who loves the business a little world of study and delight. And what is seldom taken into the accouat, it confers a blessing on his farm. It fertilizes all its blossoms ; in the orchard, in the garden and out over all the wide domain ■ And thus the man who keeps bees is a public bene- factor. All the shining hours his: little servants are out upon all the blossoms that bear fruit in all the land preparing them for a bountiful harvest. It is thought that the failure of the apple crop the last year, came largely from the failure of the bees to fertilize the blossoms, on account of so much stormy weather at the time of the apple bloom. And then, what is sweetest of all. this business fui-hishes to the family board the choicest product in all the realms of nature. I do not see how the farmers can afford to let this most precious gift on all their farms go to waste when, by a little expense and trouble, it may be gathered in. A Pointer. Editor Bee-keepeis : A pointer for those who, like myself, are forgetful : Here is a queen I wish to remove. The hive is all open ; I hold in my hands the fiame she is on, but I have no cage I It is a long way back to the honey- house ; the sun is hot and robbers have found us. If I place the frame back into the hive in order to go and get the cage, I shall miss the queen ; I can do nothing so long as this frame is in my hands. I want that queen ! What shall I do ? Simply place her, head in, care- fully between the dry lips, close the hive and then go and cage her. See? I hold cells, root in, the same way, very often. " SWARTHMORE." .Swarthmore. Pa., Oct. 10, 1900. LITERARY NOTES. The March-Modern- Culture opens with a charm- irigly written and beautifully illustrated article on "Social and Domestic Life of the Modern Greek." Three short illustrated articles follow on " The Chinese Quarter of San Francisco," ' Two Features of 'German Univeirsity Life," and "Sugar Making — Tbe Festival of Spring." Among the many ottier articles are, ''Why the Fourth of March," "Ohio's President," and 'Theodore Roosevelt— The Typ- ical Man of the Twentieth Century." A NKW STORY BY (JELKTT BtTlKSESS. (Jelett Burgess has chosen a unique plot for his new story. ' A Man's Part, " to appear in The La- dies' Home Journal. It has the merit of absolute originality, and is so absorbing as to demand a close reading. It has to do with a sweetheart, a conflagration, a telephone and a sulky, repentant suitor. OrriXft KOR MARCH, 1901. Outing for March is a winter number and draws upon three continents for its seasonable sport, " Winter in His City Home," is Quebec in sleigh- ing, snow shoeing and tobogganing; "Norway's National Sport;" " Carrying the Mail Over the Andes on Skis," "European Figure-skating" etc., all profusely illustrated. 56 THE AMEBIC AN BEE-KEEPER Miirrh PUBLISHED MOXTHLY KV THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO. ElXTOK. H. E. HILL, Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance : 2 copies So ets ; 3 copies, *1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents extra to all countries in tlie postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, '.) words; $2.00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per cent, for three insertions: 10 per cent, fcr six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or laefore the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. t^"Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The American Bee-keepek, Falconer, N.Y. It^" Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H- E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. i^~ Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. J^" A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. Our Colorado exchanges, the Western Ap'utry and Western Bee- keeper^ have failed to " exchange '" for several months. "What's up? That it is injurious to queens to confine and transport them is a matter which Mr. A. C. Miller ap- pears not to doubt and in the next number of The Bee-kekper this thoughtful and studious writer will handle the subject from a new standpoint. A Schenectady (N.Y.) correspon- dent desires information in general concerning the bee-keeping advan- tages of Massachusetts. He would like to learn, particularly, whether it is superior to Central New York, and what part of the State affords the best pastorage. C^n any of our readers help him out? W. F. Ordetx, Cienfuegos, Cuba, under date of January 22, says that the present season has been the poorest ever known in that section, and concludes the information with this paragraph: "I started with eight colonies in December and now have twenty. They will soon be ready to divide again." No doubt that report is rather discouraging to one of Mr. Ordetx's enthusiasm ; but he would be surprised to learn how very little sympathy it will elicit in these United States of America where almost any of us should consider ourselves very for- tunate to accomplish in two whole years what he has done in two months or 1-ss. That projected second division of colonies, so late in the season may prove a hazardous proceed ure. Another effort is being made by the bee-keepers of Michigan to se- cure the passage of an adequate foul-br.)od bill. It is to be hoped that no disgruntled member of the fraternity will feel it his duty to oppose so important a move this time. It is of vital importance that each State should have a good law relating to this disease among bees. If the disease does not exist there will be no demand made upon the State Treasury, and if it should be imported, the state, which has l.Wl THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER thus wisely taken the precautionary measure, is in a position to nip it in the bud. lu either case the ex- pense would be light, or nothing at all ; but if the malady is permitted to become established before a move is made to draft a suitable bill, who can foresee the end of that state's trouble ? Of all the great sister- hood of states, none stands more sorely in need of Some such protec- tion than Florida; but its lawmakers have not yet recognized the impor- tance of the matter. SOUTH DAKOTA BEE-KEEPERS. The first annual convention of the South Dakota Bee-keepers' Asso- ciation was held at Yankton on its first birthday, Januai'y 25, 1901, more than fifty per cent, of the new Association's members being present, notwithstanding the dis- couragements of the past poor season in South Dakota. The Con- vention report, a copy of which Secretary Atwater has kindly sent us, shows that a most interesting program had been prepared for the meeting. It is no doubt to this fact that the great interest shown in the meeting by its members is due. The progressiveness of this Society isshown in several ways; but in none more emphatically than the promptness with which it became a member of the National Associa- tion, as a body. There are many other bee-keepers" societies which might profit by an emulation of the South Dakota example. At the election of officers, Mr. Thos. Chantry, of Meckling, was re-elected president; J. M. Hobbs, vice-president; J. J. Duffack, gen- eral manager and E. F. Atwater, Yankton, secretary. The Bee-keepers Rerieir recently referred in a very complimentary way to the late improvements in The Bee-keeper, especially noting the fine appearance of our half-tone engravings for which the editor was given credit. This kind remark by Bro. Hutchinson' gives rise to the thought that very many of our readers are not aware that The Bee-keeper is now printed and is- sued complete from its own home, at Falconer, N.Y., where the pub- lishers have a most complete print- ing equipment, consisting of seven presses and proportionate material. In this connection it may be well to define the relation now existing between the Editor and Publishers. So far as the mechanical or business' side of the enterprise is concerned, we have nothing to say; those mat- ters belonging wholly to the pro- prietors, and all communications relating in any way to these depart- ments should, therefore, be sent to them. For any noteworthy achievement or shortcomings. The W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Co. is responsible, in so far as they relate to typography. We certainly agree with Editor Hutchinson that they are doing their work well. It is the province of H. E. Hill to se- lect and contribute the entire con- tents of the magazine — illustrations and printed matter. Therefore, all communications relating to his de- partment should be addressed to Fort Pierce, Fla. We have nothing to do with the advertising pages further than to settle our own ad- vertising account four times a year. FOUNDATION IN COMB-BUILDING. Foundation in Comb-building was the subject of a very interesting- series of experiments conducted last year at the Colorado Experiment Station. A brief summary of some of the most important conclusions reached was reported by Prof. Gillette substantially as follows: The wax in foundation is freely o8 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER March used to extend both the septum and side-walls of the cells. The heavier the foundation used, the heavier will be the comb built upon it. If the sep- tum is thicker than that of natural comb, the bees will not thin it down. Drone-comb has a heavier septum and cell- walls than worker-comb. Foundation with a very heavy sep- tum and very slight walls will produce a comb having heavy walls. When heavy foundation is used, the extra weight of the comb is due more to the extra weight of the walls than of the septum. When foundation containing enough wax to build the entire comb is used, still more wax is added by the bees, sometimes nearly enough to build the comb without the help of that contained in the foundation. Wax (foundation) seems to be given with the best economy when the septum is of the thickness of that in natural comb and but a moderate amount of wax contained in the walls. Poorly attached combs in the sec- tions, appear to be more the result of weak colonies and scanty honey- flows than of the kind of starter given; though large starters and strips of foundation attached to the bottom of the section do help to secure a more complete fastening of comb to the wood. Separators are essential to the best results in producing comb-honey. The thicker the comb, whether natui'al or arti- ficial, the greater pro|K)rtion of honey to wax in it. In natural comb, one inch thick, the propor- tion of wax to honey is between 1 to 20 and 1 to 25. BEES AND FRUrr. The Florida Farmer and Frxif- tjroioer, a well-edited weekly journal, devoted to the interests which its name implies, in a recent issue quotes the greater part of our edi- torial, '■'Utter Fo(>lishn(\ss."' i)age 18, to which the editor appends the following foot-note: We gladly concede the immense value of bees to all fruit-growers and would not wish to see a single bse less than we now have. Sjmetinies, however, we get a little impatient with apiarists for the excitable haste with which they assert that their favorites do no injury what- ever. The fact that bees, when con- fined with grapes and other fruits, died before they would puncture them, proves nothing any more than does the fact that some Florida cattle when penned up. will die before they will eat the best article of hay that can be provided. Bees" tongues are so formed that they cannot be said to puncture fruit ; but that does not prevent them from suck- ing skins until they break. Highly-bred fruits have e.Kceedingly tender skins, as witness the grapes of France, which crack open at their own accord and (Muit a few drops of nectar which are collected to make the choicest wines. A fruit with so tender a skin could not be shipped, and if the bees do suck and break the skin, they are not doing any serious injury. The American Bee-keeper notes with pleasure that Florida Farmer and Fruit-yrovyer belongs to that class of well-informed agricultural journals which recognize the inter- dependence of the kindred pursuits — apiculture and horticulture. It is a gratifying fact that all the lead- ing horticultural journals now freely concede this much; but just why Bro. Powers" patience should be wrought upon by the disinclina- tion of apiarists to '-"fess," like Topsy, to a charge of which they are obviously not guilty, we fail to uncerstand. We have never known a bee-keeper to make such a sweep- ing claim as is attributed to them in the foregoing extract. Every expe-rienced bee-keeper must have k nown of ins tances wherein bees have been justly adjudged a nuisance : and it is every b e e - keeper's plain duty to avoid such conditions so far as possible; though they are matters not always under his control. In the matter 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 59 of punctui'ing or "sucking" holes through the skin of fruit, however. I our contemporary has unwittingly afforded important evidence for the defense. If the editor of the Flori- da Farmer and Fruit-groicer will institute a very careful series of experiments along this line, or en- gage the services of some c nnpetent expert in Sunny France to do so. we feel sure he will find invari- ably that, where bees collect the nectar of which he speaks, the fruit has first "cracked open at their own accord " and taat the bees, in- stead of injuring the fruit, are simply cleaning up a nasty, sticky mess, which would otherwise remain to annoy the harvesters of the crop. The evident sincerity of our con- temporary in believing bees guilty of sucking holes through the skin of fruits, does not change the na- ture or anatomy of the insect; and both proclaim its innocence. DO BEES DAMAGE FRUIT? Elsewhere in this number we have noted what we believe to be an erroneous position u^jon this subject, held by the Florida Far- mer and Fruit-grou'er. Since the item referred to was put in type, our esteemed contemporary, in just- ification of its views, publishes the following: DO BEES DAMAOE FRUIT? The question came up in Hungary in a practical way two or three years ago, when grape-growers in a certain dis- trict accused the insects of puncturing the ripe berries, writes John B. Sniitli in Rural Neir Yorher, The matter was referred to Prof. Josef Jablonowsky.the State Entomologist at Budapest. All the evidence Icnown to him wa? against the charge, and none of the observa- tions at and near Budapest gave the least support to it. But no amount of negative evidence can discredit even a single positive observation, and he vis- ited the district where the crime was committed. I saw V*rof. Jablonowsky at Budapest in June, UtOO. and he told me there was no doubt that the bees were guilty as charged. But in extenuation it WMS said that there was absolutely nothing else tor ihem to eat at that season. The region is semi-arid, and, while there are plenty of spring flowers, there is nothing for the bees after mid- summer. What was at first an occas- ional feeding on a brolcen grape devel- oped into an occasional attack on a sound one. and this became a universal habit in a surprisingly short time. Th'e mouth parts of a bee, while beau- tifully adapted for gathering nectar, have also well-developed jaws or man-, dibles, and there is absolutely no reason why they should not puncture ripe fruits to get at the juices, if there is notliing else equally attractive. I do not believe that the fruit-piercing habit is at all a normal one, and, so far as my own observations go, I have never seen a bee on any fruit not previously in- jured by some other cause. I would be always inclined to seek a prior break rather than consider the bee guilty. I am a believer in bees, and frequently suggest bee-keeping in large orchard areas. I think their work in securing a set of fruit far outweighs the little mischief they may cause on ripe ex- amples. And, after all, if lack of suit- able food is really at the bottom of their raid, why not feed the bees ? De- liberately sacrifice a few juicy fruits to them, or a few pans of sugar-water or diluted molasses. Or plant a clover- patch where they can get in, or buck- wheat, or whatever else may be in honey-yielding condition when the fruit ripens ; but keep the bees by all means. The trees need them. This journal is aware that there are some learned men who hon- estly believe that bees do punc- ture sound fruit. It is aware, also, that their number is on the decline. Our own experiments in the mat- ter are to a great extent re- sponsible for our pres-^nt oplnicm that bees do not, and. will not punc- ture a sound grape, than anything we may have read on the sub- ject. Hence, to adopt the logic of Mr. John B. Smith, it will require no small amount of opposing evi- dence to cause us to relinquish our faith. Although Mr. Smith shall have full credit for the e.xcellent fiO THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER March judgment displayed in general, that he is not a practical bee-keeper is self-evident. The "well-developed jaws " of the bee are not so well adapted to puncturing fruit as might be imagined. A sand-blast will cut the hardest steel though it has no effect upon the finest fabric. The mandibles of the bee will readily cut fibrous substances, such as cloth, wood etc., but appear to be incap- able of effecting such a smooth and yielding surface as the skin of the grape. We have suspended clusters of ripe, thin-skinned grapes in the brood-nest of a populous colony at a season when there was absolutely nothing in the way of sweets to be secured in the field. These grapes were left for more than a week in this position. In their efforts to remove the objectionable quantity the bees had gnawed away some of the stems, allowing the fruit to fall to the bottom board. Some were propolized to the combs and patches of wax and propolis had been ap- plied to the surface of the fruit. The experiment was conducted in a two-story hive built entirely of glass and containing sixteen Quinby frames. The bees were constantly working to remove the off ending- mass; Out not a single grape was cut. This is but one of hundreds of equally severe tests to which bees have been put. In the face of such facts, does Mr. John B. Smith or any other man, who will recom- mend planting clover to keep bees from puncturing grapes, expect bee-keepers who, by thorough and I'epeated tests have decided the case foi" themselves, to expel from their minds the firm impression made by these personal experi- ments, and accept Prof. Jablonow- sky's"no doubt that the bees were guilty as charged?" It is the opinion of The Ameri- can Bee-keeper that there is no better living authority on bees than Prof. A. J. Cook, who, in his "Man- ual of the Apiary" says: " I have laid crushed grapes in the apiary, when the bees were not gathering, and were ravenous for stores, which, when covered with sipping bees, were replaced with sound grape- clusters, which in no instance were mutilated. I have even shut bees in empty hives on warm days and closed the entrances with grape- clusters, which even then were not cut." Would this, in part at least, offset the Hungarian Professor's "no doubt"? Honey and Beeswax Market. Below we give the latest and most authentic re- port of the Honey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: WASHINGTON GRADING RULES. Fancy. — All sections to be well filled, combs straight, of even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed ex- cept the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be "Fancy white," "No. I, dark," etc. BrFFALO, N. Y. Feb. 18.— Tlie demand for the best grades of honey is much improved but dark is still slow. Receipts lighter. Fancy comb. I5(altic. Extracted lOSc Fancy pure beeswax 27@28c.,with light supply. Trade is much better on good honey and some more can be used. BAi'TEK.soN' & Co. Boston. Feb. 18. — No change in our market. We quote as before: Fancy No 1 wliite honey in car- tons at 17c.; A No. 1. Itic; No. 1. loCUic. with fairly good demand. Absolutely no call for dark honey this year. Extracted, white, 8@8i^c. ; light amber, Ti^f'Sc. Beeswax '2Tc. Bi,AKE, Scott & Lee. Chicago, Feb. 10. — Fancy white comb, ItJc: No. I white 14feli)C.; fancy amber, 12<<' 13c. ; No. 1 am- ber. lOCffllc; fancy dark 10c ; No. 1 dark, 8@9c.; white, extracted, T!4(o;8c.; amber, H^@7)4c.; dark, fi@«'4c. Beeswax, 28e. R. A. Burnett & Co. New York, Feb. is.— The market for both ex. traded and comb honey is rather dull at present- We quote: Fancy white comb, l.'ic. per pound; No. 1 comb, 14e. ; No. 2 comb, 12c.; buckwheat, comb, 10c. : buckwheat, extracted, 5Jae. Bees- wax. 28c, per pound. Francis H. Leggett & Co. The Modern Farmer and Busy Bee, Edited by Emerson Taylor Abbott, who is well-known among bee-keepers, is push- ing to the front rapidly as a general farm paper. Send for their Premium List and get up a club. They are making some of the most liberal offers ever made by a publisher. Address at once, Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mo. FREE Write for Free Premium List ^^ Jewelry, Toys, Useful Articles. 55 yjOne of the above First-Class articles will be sivcn uto any one sending 25c for one year's subscription Uto our great Poultry, Agricultnral and Home Paper, f) Address Poultry and Farm, Box 672, Baltimore, Md. Mention American Bee-keeper when writing. "Ad" Free, An Investment. We wish to push our circulation over the 10,000 mark and to do this give away advertisements. For a Silver Quarter, Paper ore year and 20 word ad. in our popular Breeder's Column for two months. Poultry and Belgian Hares our subject. Ever Hear of the Like? Take it in now for it won't always last. Address Fanciers' Guide, Montpelier, Ind. Formerly American Pet Stock Journal, but much enlarged. Hare Book, 2oc. extra. 11-tit Our Paper for 10 Cents a Year. As an experiment we are going to send our Hi- page, regular 35c. a year Poultry, Bee and Fruit Journal to all who subscribe before July 1st an Entire Year for Ten Cents. Everyone can afford this small sum and we should secure several thousand new readers before July 1st. Send your dime to-day and get four of your neighbors to send with you and we will make you a present of a good poultry book. You will be pleased, as we try to make every issue worth the regular subscrii^tion price. Send to-day to The Poultry, Bee & Fruit Journal, Davenport, Iowa. ^^■■'y Queens. Late Our strain of Italians we believe to be unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our location being farther South than that of any other breeder in the United States, we can ship queens any day in the year. No disease. Untested queens ll.oo each. Special prices quoted on special queens, and on quantities. We guarantee safe delivery of queens to all parts. Our mating grounds are situated 2|- miles from the mainland, on an island. SOUTHERN BEE COMPANY, Fort Pierce, Indian River, H. E. Hill, Mgr. Fla., U. S. A. ntt "Rome was not built in a day," neither was our reputation. Bee-keepers' Supplies, well and accurately made, of the very best and soundest materials; such goods as have gained for us a name and standing second to none, are manufactured and for sale by The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. You've heard of us. Don't forget to Inquire into that offer of $35.U0 icorth of Supplies hy the Piiblisliers. Free Sample Copy TIPPECANOE FARMEE, Semi-monthly, Only 25 cents per year. The best farm paper for the money published in the West. Lai-ge circulation. Advertising rates reasonable. TIPPECANOE FARMER CO., Lafayette, Ind. F. M. Smith, Editor. ^.^t $ Money in $ Poultry. There is much money in raising poultry if properly attended to. Learn how to do it right, get the experience of successful breeders and find a sure way to become independent, by subs.cribiug for Poultry Culture, the best edited and most up-to-date poul- try magazine in America. Price only 50 cents a year. Address Poultry Culture Co., Kansas City, Mo. ^"^ROYAL TEMPLARS. A beneficiary association. Its grade of payments scientific and safe. Both se.\es received in perfect equality. You get just what you pay for, and only pay for what you get. Organized 1S70. Emergency fund maintained. Expense of management low. Claims paid without expense to beneficiary. Send for information, (ieneral office, Itf Masonic Building, Buffalo, N.Y. NEW LIFE TEA ALWAYS CURES CONSTIPATION, INDIGE5TION, SICK HEADACHE, And imparts new life to the whole system. At all druggists and dealers, 25c, or sent by mail, if your dealer will not supply you. Address, LANQHAn riED. CO., LE ROY, N. Y. Dairymen, Milk Dealers and Creamery men. If you want a paper wholly devoted to your in- terests subscribe for the Milk Reporter. Everj' issue contains only Official Statis- tics pertaining to the milk market, including prices, amount carried by different railroad lines and an endless collection of facts and figures. Also special features of the trade, notes and com- ments on recent events pertaining to the business, and in every issue will be valuable instructions or suggestions which will prove an aid to those inter- ested in the products of the dairy from any point of view. Order sample copy and address all communica- tions to The Milk Reporter, ji.,;t Deckertown, N. J. The Fruit Growers' Journal, is a six column, oight-page journal, pub- lislHHJ monthly, at Cobden. Illinois, The Fruit G-rowing Center of the West. It is an all-around horticultural, agri cultural journal, and is devoted largely to transportation and markets. Agents Wanted. Send two cents for sample copy. 13-6t This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others would notice YOUKadvt. in The Am. Bee-keeper W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO.. Jamcshnpn. N.T. for PERFECT BEE SUPPLIES. Are you interested in the South? The Tri-State Farmer and Gardener, published ill Chattanooga, Tenn. , is the leading exponent of Southern farm interests. It is edited by the best and most practical farm writers in the South. Subscription price is 50 cents a year. To anyone sending us 25 cents and mentioning this paper, we will send our paper for one year. Sample copy sent upon application. Address: Tri-State Farmer & Gardener, ii-Gt Chattanooga, Tenn Bee-keepers who also raise Poultry should not fail to read the Practical Poultryman. It is thoroughly reliable, al- ways interesting and practi- cal, and each issue is worth a year's subscription. Sample copy for the asking. Advertising in it pays, be- cause it reaches buyers. PRINTING FOR FANCIERS our specialty. Everybody suited with our work and pleased with our low prices. Samples and price list free. Address, Practical Poultryman, not Whitney Point, N.Y. NEVER NEGLECT A COLD OR COUGH Nesiec'c a. Cold or Cou;,'h and if La Grip[>e don't aet you. Consumption will CUSHMAX'S INHALER cures colds and all diseases of the breath- way |)iis small territory in Pennsylvania. A million copies will be sold quick. Fortunes will be made this inaugural year. Iligh-class man or woman of good social stmding can make a little fortune in this territory. Territory is going rapidly. Presses running day and night to fill orders. Wanted. — State Manager to look after corres- pondence and agents. Address to-day The Continental Press, It Corcoran Building, Washington D. C. Twentieth Century Queens. I have a superior strain for business etc. Accord- ing to The A. I. Root Co. measurements t have the long-tongue red clover strain. UtOl catalogue now ready, which is free to every bee-keeper. It gives information; tells how I give free !F3.00 breeders. 10,000 names wanted, all which is booked in con- test. Write to-day, as this adv. may not appear again. PORTER A. M. FEATHERS, (Superior Queen Breeder), Oak Hill, Volusia Co., It [Please mention A. B-k.] Florida, U. S. A. - HOMES in OLD VIRGINIA It is gradually brought to light that the civil war has made great changes, freed the slaves, and in consequence has made the large land owners poor and finally freed the land from the original holders who would not sell until they were compelled to do so. There are some of the finest lands in the market at very low prices, lands that produce all kinds of crops, grasses, -fruits, and berries; fine for stock. You find green truck patches, such as cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale, spinach, etc., growing all the win- ter. The climate is the best all the year around to be found, not too cold nor too warm. Good water. Healthful. Railroads running in every direction. If you desire to know all about Virgitia send 10c. for three months subscription of the VIRGINIA FARMER to „.,.,t FARMER CO., Emporia, Va. :5AIZERS SEEDS WILL MAKE YOU .v/y ^tSfi Billion S Grass. Marvelous cr iss, wond-^rtn ] gTSJB, fit for all soil, every coruli- tion, every state in ihe Iniun. W II '12 tons of ■ ' * E pasture 1 It's the heaviest yielding gras8 this side of the stars; will make you rich. First crop 6 we^ksaitersrwlnff. Everybody is asking: "What is it i" Catalogue tells. Combination Corn. Creates Dpolilea yellow dentcornof the ajje. Seed dirtcheap. Will make you rich to plant. Will revoJutionize corn growing. SpeltZyRape and Peaoat. 'i I Three periect foods. Spellz yields 80 bu. ain syieedily, and I have never known any one to be harmed by their use. I have been a great sufferer from headache in my life, but have almost gotten rid of it by the constant use of hot water and fruit and by doing without coffee. The Dr. James' Headache Powders have, however, greatly relieved me at times and I never allow myself to be without them, and I have recommend- ed them to others freely." (Formerly Chaplain) C. C. McCARE. If yoM cannot get Dr. James' Mini- ature Headache Powders at your store, send us 2c. stamp for a sam- ple, or five 2 cent stamps for the regular lOc. size. THE J. W. JAMES CO., -it East Brady, Pa. A BATH when UMPIRE taken in an " Portable Folding BATH TUB Used in any room. Agents Wa.vted. Catalogue Free. , The empire ^WASHER CO., Jamestown,n.y. «^ The Northwest Magazine. Beautifully printed and illustrated and with over 30,000 monthly circulation among the most progressive Farmers, Fruit Growers and Agricultural Special- ists of the great Northwest: Is an Exceptionally Profitable Medium to Advertise In. It goes to nearly every postoffice be- tween Wisconsin and the Pacific Coast, and is read by business men and every- body. For 1901 advertising rates, address THE NORTHWEST MAGAZINE, St. Paul, MiDD. 2-Bt ''It is really a very good thing." P D p" C" Those who contemplate starting * in the bee-keeping line should correspond with The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO. of Jamestown, NY. We have had written, by a noted authority on apicultural matters, W. Z. Hutchinson, a treatise on "Successful Bee-keep- ing." Send your name and address, and a two- cent stamp to pay postage, and we will send you a copy of this valuable little pamphlet free of charge. Anything you may desire to know regarding the best hives and fittings to procure, we will be glad to aid you in. DON'T KILL YOURSELF. WASHING THE OLD WAY, BUT BUY AN E IVI P I R E WASrtKR, with which the frailest womati can do ait or- dinary washing in one hour, loithiiut weltinff her hands. ^S Sample ntivholcialeprice. Satisfaction Gunranteed. No )iai/ nnlil tried. Write for Jlivntrnfed Catatofpie and prices of Wringers, Ironing Tah/es, Clothes Reels, DriiinaBars,Wanon.Tachs,(^'c. AeentsWanted. Lib- eral Terms. OuickSalcs! Little Work!! Big Pay!!! Address.Tn'E. EMPiRKWASHEaCo.,Jamestown,N.Y. ^^^^u spenders! Here is a now and useful device made with both shoulder straps of Diie c=^ U. S. A. Branch: G. B. LEWIS CO., 19 So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every new subscriber sending $1.00 for tbe weekly American Bee Journal for one year will receive a copy of Newman's 100 page "Bjes and Honey" free. The old American Bee Journal is great tliis year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Journal free. Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 1897. Circulation 5,000. Devoted exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Israel, Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. HELLO! Do you want some good pure bred POULTRY? We can furnish you EGGS FOR HATCH- ING from fine White Wonder fowls, R. C. B. Leg- horns, B. P. Rocks, Partridge Cochins; S. L., Gold- en and Black Wyandottes, Toulouse Geese, Rouen Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want something good send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, Itf The Eureka Poultry Farm, Established 19 years. Hamburg, Wis. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S. BEGINNERS. should have a copy of The Amateur Bee-keeper, a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "It is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price 24 cents; by mail 28 cents. The little book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, iiiii!i!!i»»»iimmiiit»M!mimiiiiminimmnnni>!tiittrHi>Mifm>if!!in[!!intiiiiiiiii»tiif!>Hiifiintt5 IThe Lamp of Steady Habits| The lamp that doesn't flare up or smoke, or cause you to use bad language; the lamp that looks good when you get it and stays good; the lamp that you never willingly part with, once you have it ; that's Che new Rochesien Other lamps may be offered you as " just as good " — they may be, in some respects, but for all around goodness, there's only one. To make sure the lamp offered you is genuine, look for the name on it ; every New Rochester lamp has it. We make oil stoves too, just as good as the lamps ; in fact, anything in oil or gas fixtures. The Rochester Lamp Co., 38 Park Place and 33 Barclay St., New York. ^v;« siiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiuitiiminiiiiiiiiiiUiimiiiiiut Patent Wired Comb Foundation has no Sag in Brood Kramos. Thin Flat Bottom Foundation has no Fisli-bone in Surplus Honey. Being the cleauest is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made. Tlie talk about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish a Wired Foun- dation that is BUTTER, CHEAPER and not half tlie trouble to use that it is to wire brood frames. Circulars and samples free. J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, Sole Manufaeturers. Montgomery County, Sprout Brook, N.Y. Please mention .\imerican Bee-keeper. WHEN YOU DROPaDOLLAR it is a good plan to look where it strikes, that you may pick it up again. When you invest a dollar for advertising s^iace in Poultry Pointers, at our special rate, it is just like dropiiing a dollar where you can pick up TWO. \\ rite at once for sample cojiy, special rates and full particulars lo t^OUnTKY I^OIIvJTEtiS Office, otf ;iO(i West Main Street, Ionia, Mich. The Nebraska Farm Journal A monthly journal devoted to ao-ricultuval interests. Lur^-est circulation of any agricultural pa- per in the west. It circulates in Missouri, Kansa.«, Nebraska, Iowa, and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1123 N St., Liiicohi, Neb. UNITED STATES BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. Seirretary — Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. General Manager and Treasurer — Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, la. .\mong industrial orgaus, a small paper that sticks closely to its subject is worth a cartload of the aimless nomads thai claim to co^erthe whole field. Subscribe now for The .\jj. Bee-keeper. One Year lOc. If you are not a subscriber *" The Poultry Industry, ^^•-'„;- silver and get this vigorous up-to-date poultry journal one whole year. Every copy is worth the year's subscription price. The Poultry Industry, Box 218, Gouverneur, N.>'. 50 YEARS' j EXPERIENCE ^^ Trade Marks Designs Copyrights &c. Anvone sending a sketch and description may quickly ascertain our opinion fr'je whether an invention is probaWv patentable. Communica- tions strictly confldeiiti.al. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive sprrial notice, without charge, in the A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir- culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a year; four months, |*1. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN &Co.36iBroadway. New York Branch Office, G25 F St., Washington, iJ. C. — Just a minute of your time! Send 11.S a Hst of tlii' bcc-kiH'pcr.s in your vicinity and W(* will soiTti them sample cojiies of The Hke-kkkpek. This will not take much of your time or be much trouble to you and yon will he doiiii;- vour friends a favor. 1 Entered at the Postoffice, Falconer, N.Y., as second-class matter. Incabator Free on trial. The PERFECTED YON CULIN INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every hatchable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator. Prices Jj^T.OO up Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y Another big Offer! As 1 have explained in preTious advertise- ments, the publisher of a good journal can afford to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his journal into new hands. I have in th« past made several such offers, but here is one that I consider especially liber- al. If you are not a subscriber to the Bee-keepers' lleVieW, send me $1.30 and I vrill have your subscription to The American Bee-keeper renewed for ore year, send you 12 back numbers of THE REVIEW, and then THE REVIEW for all of 1901. Remember two things : You must be a NEW subscriber to THE RE- VIEW, and the order must be sent to W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. f HOW TO MAKE MONEY With POULTRY & PIGEONS? 36 page book on care, management, building and other plans, receipts and other valuable Infomiation. Mail, ed for a 2 ct. Btamp. H. H. Fbick, Fbicks, Pi. S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railway, Perrine Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. i2tf KTf If, BINGHAM -^■'"J has made all the im- ! provements in L Bee Smokers and ^ Honey Knives made in the last 30 years, undoubtedly he makes the best on earth. Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail *1 50 'S'4 inch 1.10 Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.00 2!^ inch 90 T.F.Bingham, 2^1-^^-,--^; :^» Farwell, Mich. SUCCESSFUL PIGEON BREEDING. By J. A. SiTMMi:i!s. A practical book, treating in detail all points for successful Pigeon Bree0c. Address, The Pori.TKY Item, Fricks. POPULAR SCIENCE Or POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS. Recent Progress in the Sciences, Hygiene, Health, Etc. Founded in ISHe by the late Dr. James K. Nichols as the Boston Journal Of Chemistry and now comiirising Hall's Joumal Of Health— ^Established in 1854 as a Department. POPULAR SCIENCE (news, etc.) an Illustrated Monthly Magazine, is the Oldest. Leading, Most Influental. Prominent and Popular journal of its kind in the country. Subscription, $2,00 per year. In advance, $1. 60. This Magazine is exactly what its name implies—Scientific and yet very Popular. It is of great interest to all Students and Lovers of the Natural Sciences, Hygiene, Health, Etc. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED. FREE FROM TECHNICALITIES. This Popular monthly contains a large number of short, jiractical and interesting articles On Nattke SxruY, Invention, Archajology, Electricity, Botany, Mineralogy, Astronomy, Entomology, Photography, Microscopy, Chemistry, Hygiene, Sanitation, Health, etc. It is very different from, and much Superior to other publications with similar names. Is the Oldest and most extensively circulated Nature study and Popular Science publication in the United States. Has recently been considerably enlarged and much improved. tW Mention this puhlicaUon for a sample copy. iWTnal Siihscription Free. LILLARD& CO, Publishers, 108 Fulton St, Manhattan, New York- BELGIAN HARE BREEDERS^ AND AMATUERS' GUIDE. An up to-date, progressive, newsy, illustrated monthly magazine, devoted distinctively to the Belgian hare industry. Orieinal articles each month by the best recognized authority on Bel- gian hare culture ; treating in a practical way their breeding, management and every phase of this profitable and interesting industry. THE LEADING JOURNAL OP ITS KIND. Se7it six months on trial for 25 cents. Single copies 5 cents. Address THE RABBITRY PUBLISHING COMPANY INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. High-grade Belgian Hares. We -have a tiiiR lot of hio-h-grade liedigreed Belgians which we will- .sell at l)ed-rock prices if taken at once. Qir Britain, a worthy grand- son of Lord Britain in th(» stud. Write at once and say what >()u want and we will (luotc jn-ices. Sainiile cojiy of a Farm Paper Free. Red King Belgian Hare Co., St. Joseph, Mo. The American Bee-keeper is the only bee paper published in the East and should be sujiported by all Eastern bee-keepers, especially those in the Empire State. Send in your subscrip- tions—or get up a club. es. AGENTS Wanted ' WashTngMachin You can double your money every time you sell one and they sell easily. We have sold over 150.000 in the last fourteen years. They are cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free. The Empiee Washer Co. , Jamestown, N. Y. The Modern Farmer and Busy Bee, Edited by Emerson Taylor Abbott, who iy well-known among bee-keepers, is push- ing to the front rapidly as a general farm paper. Send for their Premium List and get up a club. They are making some of the most liberal offers ever made by a publisher. Address at once. Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mo. ii-tf FREE Write for Free Premium List Jewelry, Toys, Useful Articles. ;)One of the above First-Class articles will be Riven Mto any one sending 25c for one year's subscription (/to our great Poultry, Agricultural and Home Pajier. /) Address Poultry and Farm, Box 672, Baltimore, Aid. Mention American Bee-keeper when writing. "Ad" Free. An Investment. We wish to i)nsh onr circulation over the 10,000 mark and to do this give away advertisements. For a Silver Quarter, Paper one year and 20 word ad. in our popular Breeder's Column for two months Poultry and Belgian Hares our subject. Ever Hear of the Like? Take it in now for it wont always last. Address Fanciers' Guide, Montpelier, Ind. Formerly American Pet Stock Journal, but much enlarged. Hare Book, 2oc. extra. H-tit Our Paper for 10 Cents a Year. As an experiment we are going to send our li; page, regular 35c. a year Poultry, Bee and Fruit Journal to all who subscribe before July 1st an Entire Year for Ten Cents. Everyone can afford this small sum and we should secure several thousand new readers before July 1st. Send your dime to-day and get four of your neighbors to send with you and we will make you a present of a good poultry book. You will be pleased, as we try to make every issue worth the regular subscription price. Send to-day to The Poultry Bee & Fruit Journal, Davenport, Iowa. ll-6t ^Late Queens. Our strain of Italians we believe to be unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our location being farther South than that of any other breeder in the United States, we can ship queens any day in the year. No disease. Untested queens ll.oo each. Special prices quoted on special queens, and on quantities. We guarantee safe delivery of queens to all parts. Our mating grounds are situated 2-i-- miles from the mainland, on an island. SOUTHERN BEE COMPANY, Fort Pierce, Indian River, H. E. Hill, Mgr. Fla., U. S. A. 12tf "Rome was not built in a day," neither was our reputation. Bee-keepers' Supplies, well and accurately made, of the very best and soundest materials; such goods as have gained for us a name and standing second to none, are manufactured and for sale by The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. You've heard of us. THE IRRIGATION AGE. Is the pioneer journal of its kind ill the world, and is devoted to ad- vancing the Irrigation Industry and Western resources. Irrigation is one of the leading issues of the day and you should be posted on what is being accomplished. Published by J. E. FORREST, 916 West Harrison St., Chicago, 111 $1.00 a year. Send for sample copy, ii-tjt HOMES in OLD VIRGINIA It is gradually brought to light that the civil war has made great chang-es, freed the slaves, and in consequence has made the large land owners poor and finally freed the land from the original holders who would not sell until they were compelled to do so. There are some of the finest lands in the market at very low prices, lands that produce all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits, and berries; fine for stock. You find green truck patches, such as cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale, spinach, etc., grow^ing all the win- ter. The climate is the best all the year around to be found, not too cold nor too warm. Good water. Healthful. Railroads running in every direction. If you desire to know all about Virgir ia send 10c. , for three months subscription of the VIRGINIA FARMER to ii.et FARMER CO., Emporia, Va. There was a man in 'Our town who thouglit him wondrous wise; he swore by all the fabled gols he'd never advertise But his goods were advertis- ed 'ere long, and thereby hangs a tale: The ad. was set in nonpareil (this size), and headed SHERIFF'S SALE.— M. T. DON'T KILL YOURSELF. WASHING the old ! WAY, BUT BUY AN E IVI P I R E W A S 1-1 1 R, icith xohich the \ frailest icoman can do an or- dinal-]/ washing in one hour, ■trith-mt wettinif her hand. Sample atAoholesaleprice. Satisfaction Cuaratiteed. JSo pai' until tried. Vtritefor Illustrated Catalopiie andpriees of WrinuerK, Ironing Ihljlen, Clothes Keels, Dn/infj liars, Waoon Jacks, ({-r. AgpntsAVanted. Lib- eral Terms. QnickSalesl Little Wori?!! Big Pay!!! Address,TaK EmpibeWashek Co.,Jainestown,N.Y. Record your Poland Chinas in The Central Poland Cliina Record. RULES ETC. FREE on application. W. H. Morris, See'y. Indianapolis, Ind. Record your Berkshires in The National Berkshire Record. RULES ETC. FREE on application. E. K. Morris, See'y, Indianapolis, Ind. Record your Chester Whites in The Standard Chester White Record. RULES ETC. FREE on application. W. H. Morris, See'y, Indianapolis, Ind Subscribe for the Swine Breeders' Semi-monthly. T "i 50 cents a year. ^^ *-*-^ llClli Morris Printing Co., Sample Copy Free. Publishers, Indianapolis, Ind- DlREQFROMPRODlttR. ^RQ^onJOBBERToOONSlMR PUME MENTION ^ (jREAT OR SMALL ^ TMU paper WRITE FOR CATALOGUE. ENa05E I OCTS.TDHEU'ft.Y POSTAGE You can have one sent for A BATH when UMPIRE taken in an ^ Portable Folding BATH TUB. Used in any room, Agents Wanted, Catalogue Free. , The empire WASHER CO., Jamestown,n.y. luxury i:aJJ When writing to advertisers say: "I saw your adv't in The American Bee-keeper." FREE SAMPLES. r.cst Ajiricnltural and Homo Paper published at tli(( national capiti The AMERICAN FARMER and GARDENER; MONTHLY, 50 CENTS PEE YE^R. SpCCidI OffGr. I^y mentioning this paper we will send our Farm and Home Magazine, prepaid, six months on trial upon receipt of TEN cents. The American Farmer and Gardener, Washington, D. 0. REGISTERED Belgian Hares! If you want some first-class Reg- istered Belgian Hares, write me. In order that you may be sure you are getting stock of a straight pedigree and not disqualified, I have decided that all stock pur- chased of me, that is six months old or over and costing as high as $5.00 per head or more, that I will have it registered with The National Belgian Hare Club, of America, without extra charge. I have several of the Best Imported breeding bucks in the country. Fanciers, let me heal' from you. J. L. DEVALON, Prop. Hillside Rab- bitry, 2525 17th St., Denver, Col. 12 6t AiTiGriGain Poultry Feiriai, F. M. Munger & Sons, DeKalb, 111., Kreecle.rs of Barred and White Plymouth Rocks, Silver and Wliitc AVyaiulottcs. White and Brown Lc^liorns. (roklcn Hoabright Bantams, l*carl Guineas, Bronze Tnrkeys. JERSEY CATTLE; also Pedigreed and imported BELGIAN HARES, of 'Chami.ion Faslioda,"' ('liani])ion Dash," "Champion Yukon," "Chami)iDn Ederiboro" and other best imported strains. Twenty-five years experience in breeding. Stocl^ and Eggs lor sale at all times. Circular and prices on application. 12-t!t MON ElY IN Poultry If properly attended to there is much money in raising poultry. Learn how to do it right. Get the e.xperience of old successful breeders and find a sure way of becoming inde- pendent by subscribing for Poultry Culture, the best edited and most up-to-date poultry iiiaga/.ine in ."Vmerica. Subscription jirice only fifty cents a year. Address Poultry Culture Co. K.\NSAS t ITY, *MO. paper published in this State. Tli- only agricultural paper published every week. It goes to every post office in State of Tennessee and to many offices in Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It is the ofhcial organ of the Agricul- tural Department of Tennessee and Live Stock Commission. Subscrip- tion $Loo per year in advance. Tenness^ee Faruicr Puh. C<>.. Xnxlirillr, Term. 12-lit Vol. XI Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. APRIL, 1901 No. 4 CLIPPING QUEENS' WINGS. BY G. 51. DOOLITTLE. WHEN the spring has fairly open- ed, so that settled, warm weather appears, one of the things to be done is to see that all queens iiave their wings clipped ; and queens are much more readily found before the hives become very populous with bees than they are later on when the swarm- ing season arrives. This clipping of queens' wings has been under discussion in our bee-papers for years; but as there are always new readers entering our ranks, it is well to talk occa- sionally about what some of tlie older ones are already familiar with. The majority of our practical apiarists agree that to reap the best results, the wings of all laying queens should be clipped : but there are a few who are opposed, who claim that swarming is conducted with more labor, and also that such a practice will tend toward the weakening of the wing-powers of our bees in years to come. Without stop- ping to discuss this part of the matter, except to say that I believe both points raised are fallacious, I will tell the read- er why I clip the wings of my (lueens. In the first place I will give an item rarely spoken of regarding this matter, and one which I consider of first im- portance, which is, that a (lueeu having her wings clipped short is much more readily found when looked for than one which has her wings ; and as in our manipulations with the bees it is often necessary to see the queen, so as to keep her where we desire, this finding of a queen is quite an important item. Second. In the swarming season we have complete control of the bees, so that we can compel them to do as we like. The prime idea of the clipping of queens" wings was to keep the swarm from going into the woods ; but valuable as this idea is, there are still other points according to my way of thinking, of more importance than merely the saving of all swarms which issue. By having the wings of the queens clipped, swarms are hived without the climbing of large timber or mutilating valuable trees by cutting off limbs etc., the old hive being carried to a new stand while the swarm is out, and a new hive placed on the old stand into which the bees will run on their return after they miss their queen, thus practically hiving themselves, the queen being allowed to run in with the bees on their return. Then you are sure of getting the queen in the hive where you wish her, and if you wish to hold the swarm out on a limb or pole, while you are making a new hive or getting the cows out of the corn, you can do so. keeping them there as long as you please, even up to a week's time. Then in case of two or more swarms cluster- ing together they can be separated as easily as any stock mixed together could be. 62 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April And now I wish to have my say in re j^ard to liow I clip a queen, even did our good editor thinl<; last fall all other ways but his inferior. Having found the queen, catch lier by the wings, using the thumb and forefinger of the left hand ; and if you get all four of the wings you will never regret it after you see how readily a queen with no wings is found afterward. Having the queen by the wings, as above, take your jack- knife, which should have one of . its blades kept very sharp for this purpose, and place the sharp blade on ttie wings of the queen. Now lower both hands down within an inch or two of the tops of the frames, so the queen will not be injured by falling, when the knife is carefully and lightly drawn, the wings severed and the queen runs unharmed down among the bees below. And no scent from your hands will cause the bees to ball the queen, for all you have touched that belonged to her were the wings which you now have between your thumb and finger. Don't be afraid of cutting your finger, for if your knife has a keen edge, and you stop drawing your blade as soon as the queen drops, you cannot do so. Having the queen clipped, close the hive and mark it so that you can know at a glance at any time that said hive contains a clipped queen. Horodino. N. Y. BROOD CONTRACTION, BEE POI- SONING ETC., IN GERMANY. BV F. (JHEINER. SPEAKING of honey crops. Dr. Dzier- zon says: "The art of securing a crop of honey in an off-year is un- derstood only by those who have fully grasped what the nature of the bee is. in particular as it relatesto their increasing tendency." According to his ideas nothing is more (letrimental to thi; storing of honey than excessive brood-rearing at a time when the harvest is on ; but he savs in good years the bees will crowd the brood-nest with honey sufficiently, and thus reduce the amount of brood in the hive to a safe allowance. In years when the flow is light, the bee-master must see to it that too much brood is not reared ; he must ] contract the brood-chamber. Dzierzqn advances here another and singular idea; he claims in a poor honey-season the bee-master will reap greater profits from his bees than in a good season, on the basis that in a poor season he alone has honey to sell, and that at a good price, while in a good season every bee-keeper has honey to sell, the markets are over- stocked and the prices are too low to leave a profit. The dangers of overstocking our mar- kets in America are not to be feared to such an extent as it seems is the case in Germany; but otherwise there is much truth in all Dzierzon says. When tliere is a little honey coming in every day, a colony with a good queen will continue to breed and use up what honey is brought in by the workers. With brood reduced, some honey may be harvested ; but it is a fine point when to contract and to what extent. Dzierzon's diamond rule to cage the queen and thus pre- vent all brood-rearing for a time, has been found wanting by all the b;ASt bee-keepers in (xerraany, such as Vogel. Uerlepsch and others, and it is not prac- ticed at all any more, and I believe only few American l)ee-keep('rs adhere to it now. A brood restrictor made its appciirancp in America a number of years ago. but we hear nothing more about it. The same thing has been rc^-invented by Kuntze, in (xermany. He proposes to restrict to about three L-frames ; says three L-frames of brood are sufficient to satisfy the bees and prevent over-popu- lating the hives. The appliance con- sists of a hive made of perforated metal inside the hive proper, is not unlike a wide frame, being supported from the rabb(>t. While I h('li(^V(' — yes know — that con- 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER m traction can often be practiced witli good results, yet I am well satisfied that three L-frames of brood do not satisfy the bees we have here, and it is not ad- visable to go to such an extreme. Five L-frames are the minimum and six are better. It is stated in the Leipziger Bienen- Zeitung that bees stupefied with puflf- ball will, when they regain consciousness, have no recollection of any previous occurrence. This peculiarity, if true, may be made use of in case of bees rob- bing, the robber colony to be treated ; also in case of moving bees a sho''t distance. Poisoning bees is upheld by law in Bavaria. The bees of a bee-keeper in (t r o s s e n g u 1 1 were being robbed by those of another bee-keeper near by. The first named shut his bees in and placed poisoned honey near his hives. The result was that colonies of the neigh- bor were very seriously injured.. Com- plaint was made and the offender sentenced to twenty days' jail and to pay a fine of $75. Exception was taken and when the matter came before the higher court the former de- cision was annulled. All bee-keepers of Germany should enter their protest; and it would seem to me there would be some work for an organization. I won- der if the Central Verein and the Wan- der-Verein of the German bee-keepers cannot take care of such a case. Cases of this kind speak very plainly for or- ganization. The American bee-keepers are well situated, if they will only avail themselves of the opportunity ottered them. To join the National Bee-keepers' Association is a cheap way of insuring against these possible dangers. Naples, N.Y., Feb. 28, 1901. W. M. Gerrish, East Nottingham, N. H., keeps a complete supply of our goods, and eastern customers will save freight by ordering of him. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. SHALL HONEY-PRODUCERS BUY OR REAR THEIR QUEENS? BY L. E. KERK. WITH the exception of rearing a few queens each year from col- onies selected for breeding, we have found that in the time required for rearing any number of queens, with honey as the specialty, we can produce honey to the value of five times the worth of the queens. We rear a few (lueens each season in an endeavor to improve our stock, but aside from these, our efforts to rear the queens for our average colonies are not only more costly than if purchased, but it draws our attention from our special product. Eternal vigilance is the price of excel- lence in the production of honey as well as elsewhere, and it tasks the undivided attention of the ordinary producer to obtain a gilt-edge article. Of course the commercial queen-rearer can produce good queens very cheaply. The queen-rearer does not allow the production of honey to infringe upon his queen business, however, and no more can the honey-producer afford to let other attractions draw his mind from his special work. This can at least be said of anything which he can have as cheaply by raising his special product, and buying, which is shown by hives, for example. But the fact that queen- rearers and honey-producers are de- pendent upon each other is sufiflcient reason that they retain intimate relations and continue to discuss the vital ques- tions of mutual interest, for it is abso- lutely necessary for each to understand the other's business thoroughly. Hurricane. Ark. A looking-glass placed before the hive-entrance is advised in the Leipziger Bienen-Zeitung, to scare away robber- bees. Perhaps it is thought that if the robbers could "see themselves as others see them " they'd quit their meanness.— Am. Bee Journal. (H THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April BEE PARALYSIS. A Very Instructive Discussion of the Subject. Dictated by Experience. BV O. O. POPIT.ETOX. I PROMISED some time ago that as soon as I knew the result of certain experiments not then finished, I would write out some of my experiences with bee paralysis in my apiary. The disease is more widespread and serious than most bee-keepers realize. Twice within the last twenty years it has lessened the season's receipts from my apiary over twenty-five per cent., entailing a loss of about fifteen thousand pounds of honey and quite a number of colonies of bees. There is more or less of it every year. The disease itself is exceedingly er- ratic— comes and goes withput any apparent cause, and without strictly following any rules. Colonies in perfect health will sometimes be attacked sud- denly, and in a very short time be re- duced to a nucleus. At otiier times a diseased colony will suddenly recover without any known cause. For this reason no rule can be made by experi- ments with any one or even a few col- onie.s. And now. after a personal expe- rience with over two hundred diseased cdlonies. I more than ever realize how lit- tle we really know of the nature, causes, prevention or cure of the disease. While I am satisfied that it is to a limited extent contagious. I do not know exactly how the contagion is communicated. 'Vhile in Washington, just after the Philadel- phia Convention, Mr. Benton introduced nio to Dr. Howard. United States Entom- ologist, and I iiad a short talk with him about his division making a scientific investigation of the disease. He asked me to call on him in his ofHce and t;ilk tlie matter over ; but when I diil so he was out. I was disappointed, as I hoped througji liim to get some real, ilelinite knowicilgc (if tlie disease iiud Iiow to fight it. I slill liope that some practical scientist will do this woik for us. I have not yet learned how the con- tagion, if any, is communicated, but I think through dead or diseased bees only. Last season I made some experi- ments to learn whether combs, honey or brood carried it, by taking away all the brood from what diseased colonies I had and giving them to certain nuclei. I built up six nuclei by giving them brood from diseased colonies, und so far (nearly a year afterwards) only one of these six colonies has shown any signs of the disease. As several other colonies have taken the disease this spring, it is not very likely that this one took it because of these combs of brood and honey. That five out of six failed to take the disease after nearly a year has passed looks as though it'will be safe to use all combs of either honey or brood. This simplifies the problem of what to do with diseased colonies and saves the loss of combs and brood as in cases of foul-brood. Several years ago nearly or quite one- third of my apiary was diseased and the prospect was that I might have to aban- don bee-keeping because of it. after near- ly half of t'jc diseased colonies had died. Experinjenting with all the methods of cure I could hear of. the use of sul- phur proved the only method of any value. This I ap])lied to threes or four colonies at a time, then in a few days to a few more. Then, after an interval to more and so on, until all had been treated. The result was the entire cure of each colony treated iu tlu' ordei' of theii' treatment, while not a colony in the yard recovered until a ciiiaiu time after treatment, showing conclusively that it was the treatment which affected tlie cure. 1 have used the same method nu)re or less since then, hut not to so great an extent. Out of some forty or lifty altogether which I have treated, all were cured by one treatment excei)t three, whicli ie(piired a second oneeach. .\s main liave rei'orted t'ailun's iu ti'eat- ing diseased colonies witli sulphur, it looks as though they must havi' misap- 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 65 plied the sulphur some way. and I think it will be best to give in detail the way I have used it. For reasons I will give later on in this. I always go to the colony I am to treat, during the day, and take away all the combs that contain brood; or, at least, unsealed brood or eggs, and give to some other colony; then in the evening, as soon as the bees have quit work and are all home, I proceed to dust sulphur over every comb in the hive and. if pos- sible, on every bee in the hive. I never measure the exact amount of sulphur used, but presume about a tablespoon- ful to every three or four combs in the hive. I do the work by taking what .sulphur I can hold between my thumb and first two fingers and dusting same over first one side and then the other of each comb, bees and all ; also over any collection of bees there may be off the combs in any part of the hive. My aim is to have a thin dusting of the sulphur over every bee and every comb in the hive. The thinner the dusting the bet- ter so it reaches everything in the hive. I tried using an insect powder gun, but couldn't do as good work as I could with my fingers. The next day after doing this dusting, I carry back to the hives the same number of combs and brood as I had taken away. The reason for taking away brood be- fore dusting the combs, and returning again afterward is because the dusting of combs not only kills all the unsealed brood in the combs, but ruins these same combs for brood-raising. If such combs are left in the hive, all eggs de- posited in them will hatch out all right, but the larvte will die as soon as hatched. By giving these same combs to strong colonies, they will clean them out and use them all right, and no loss of combs will result. For a week after dusting a diseised colony with sulphur, fully as many or more bees will be dying as before tiie dusting ; and this fact may lead some to think the •'cure" is not a cure. It will take a couple of weeks before one can tell whether the treated colony is cured or not. Diseased colonies are usually very- weak in numbers after being cured, and are of very little, if any more, value than a good nucleus. I have doubts whether it really pays to cure them ex- cept such as can be treated very early in the season, before nuclei can be profitably made. For the last year I have adopted the plan of curing such colonies as needed it as early as the mid- dle of February, or even earlier; after that I make as many nuclei as is needed for the purpose, and as soon as they have a young laying queen I take away the combs from the diseased colonies, giving the brood to these nuclei, thus building them up into good colonies and destroy all the diseased bees with sulphur fumes. In changing combs from diseased to other colonltis I am very particular to know that each comb is absolutely free from bees, especially of dead ones that may be in some empty cells. Diseased bees quite often crawl into empty cells to die. QUEEN-REARING. A Friendly Discussion of some of the Fine Points in Developing Queens of the Highest Order. liY W. H. PRIDGEX. SAYS Dr. Miller: '-Don't think that in thirty days you can learn as much about queen-rearing as Doo- little did in thirty years,"' which saying is worth repeating ; for after these thirty years, in the same issue of Thk Ax\r. Bee-keeter Doolittle, in an article that furnishes much food for thought, leaves each one to "keep up a constant thinking on the -Cardinal Principles of Queen-rearing" until the queen-rearing of to-morrow may reach a higher plane than has that of to-day."' With all of his knowledge and experience it is evi- 6(5 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April dent that he does not think all has been told or that there is no room for further improvement, which is so different from the tone of a communication that ap- peared a few months ago from one who would rank as high as a queen-raiser and occupy as warm a place in the hearts of the people, but for his seeming un- willingness for others to differ with him in opinion. In the communication or article referred to there was a strong intimation that nothing new was being brought out and that it was all under- stood, which was calculated to discour- age the timid, whose feeble efforts often bring out ideas that finally assume the forms of permanent improvements. Mr. Doolittle says that there is much more that could be said on this subject; and, as he allows one to differ with him without quarrelling, I want to discuss some of his points so as to get at the bottom of the facts. In the first place I doubt whether any one can exactly meet the requirements, with the feeder or otherwise, at other times, that exist when bees construct cells naturally ; but when natural con- ditions do exiso in the fields and hives we sometimes think we step ahead of nature, unaided, and this is the time to secure queens of the higliest type with the least work. The part I wish to touch upon princi- pally is the construction of natural and artificial cups. According to my ob- servations pre-constructed cups are very frail except the bases, which are, of course, very heavy, if the cups are con- structed on old combs, as described by Mr. Doolittle. The bases vary in shape and size according to conditions, and the mouth of the shallow cup is almost invariably reduced to the size of a worker cell. These cups are slightly drawn out, but the openings kept about the same size, when prepared for the reception of the eggs, as well as often being provided with a gluey-looking substance at the bottom. As soon as the egg hatches the cell is increased in size and length so that the larva is a bee's length from the mouth all the time. During the time of development the cell is made heavy and strong, and not before the egg is deposited. Many times in early spring unfavorable weather prevents swarming after pre- parations are made, the cells are destroyed and, while others may be con- structed on the return of good weather, around and about the heavy, thick bases of those destroyed, I have yet to note a case in which the old, thick base of the once mature cell has been used again. How bees increase the size of a cell in- side or enlarge a worker-cell before building a queen-cell over it without first cutting it away, I have not learned, but have noticed that they prefer new- comb, and suppose it is because it is more easily stretched. In such cases the larva is floated out and fed sufficiently after the larger portion of the cell is reached, not to be cramped in reaching the last meal. Still. I do not like this plan of securing queens. Some colonies build larger cells than others, depending somewhat on the size of the bees, and for this reason very, large hybrids are preferable, as they more often furnish large and long cells, instead of very long small ones, or very siiort large ones, as is often the case with pure breeds or races. Mr. Doolittle puts much stress on liaving large bases, which might be necessary if the larva consumed all the f((od given, but the smaller the l>;ise the longer the resulting cell ; and 1 would be glad if those who know would inform me how long after the cell is sealed be- fore the last meal is taken? If shallow, thin artificial cups be used, the bec^s shape them to their liking and often at- tempt it by cutting away the heavy long, large ones — made heavy for man's con- venience in handling — and everyon*- must form his own ideas as to which mere nearly conforms to nature. When we have queens reared in blocks, we iriust have the holes in tiie bhicks large 1901 THE AMEBIC AN BEE-KEEPER 67 enough not to cramp the larva; but if strips of comb or wax cups are used, we need not fear but that the bees will reg- ulate the matter, as the queen always occupies the largest part of the cell when it is sealed. The cells are built naturally to conform to the requirements of the occupants, and for extra large ones we must look to hybrid bees with the cells built over hybrid queens. An ordinary queen-cell is left a frac- tion over an inch deep when the queen emerges, and a well-fed larva is at least one-half inch from the bottom when the cell is sealed : and I am yet at a loss to see how the first one-eighth of an inch, out of which the larva is floated the second day, never to return, can effect the resulting queen, and especially as it reaches the larger portion of the cup at the age many recommead transferring them. Some have one hobby and some an- other; and in the matter of queen- rearing, some put special stress on one point and others upon different ones, and my weak point. I suppose, is that I want the larva fed from the time the (>gg hatches so that it will float in the food. I lind when it is abundantly fed, and while quite young, it will float to one side of the cup if the latter be tilted, and as all of the food is never consumed by well-developed queens, I suppose they take the creaim and reject the clabber from start to finish, and therefore I am wedded to the plan whereby transfers can bo made or larvie used that are too small to be transferred even with a camel-hair brush. Creek, N. C, Dec. 17, U»0(). ••Now, boys,'" said the schoolmaster, ■•write a short composition on boys, bears and bees. Be brief and see who will be done first." On brevity, Billy scored ten : -'Boys bes bare when they goes in swimmin'. '" The Italian bee was first imported into .VnuM'ica in 1859. EXCHANGING COLONIES As a Method of Building Up the Weaker Ones. BY G. C. GREINER. AT the Canadian Bee-keepers' Con- vention, h«ld at Niagara, Ont., in December, Mr. Herschiser asked. •■ Is it an approved plan to ex- change a weak colony that has the queen and only a dozen or two bees left, with a strong one if saving the queen (a valuable one) is the object '? In addition he reported that he had treated two col- onies in this way, and the result was that he not only saved the queen, but received forty pounds of surplus honey in the bargain. I do not remember that any definite answer was given at that time ; but as I have had some experience in that direction-, I will make a few re- marks on the subject. The case as reported by Mr. Herschiser, is without any question a remarkable one. His localiW must have been fa- vored with an extra good late honey-flow and the queen one of the best honey- gathering stock. If I were always sure of getting forty pounds of section-honey from all my fair and better colonies dur- ing the whole season, I would consider bee-keeping a very profitable occupation. But supposing Mr. Herschiser did re- ceive forty pounds of surplus honey from that weak colony, what about the strong one he stripped of all its flying bees •? Some twenty years ago we were hand- ling a lot of bees for one of our custo- mers. He had among the lot one colony that was something like the one Mr. Herschiser described. We knew very well that it could not survive any length of time, an i told the owner that we could possibly save it if he desired us to do so. •• Yes," he said, "do something for them, if you can." Bees were bringing pollen at that time quite briskly; so we exchanged this weak one with one of his strongest. After a few days we called again at the same place and our friend 68 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April met us with these words: "Say, boys, you have spoiled one of my best swarms. I haven't seen one single bee fly from that hive in two or three days." We replied, "Just exactly what we expected and intended. But how is that weak one?" "Oh," said he, "they are all right; they are bringing pollen right along." Now, our friend was not a professional bee-keeper, but his observations im- pressed him with the idea that we had spoiled one of his best colonies. Was he very far out of the way ? If we have a special object in saving a colony or queen, the plan of exchanging may be all right ; but is it a profitable operation, if surplus honey is our aim, to weaken a strong colony for the sake of saving a weak one, just at a time when the queen should be induced to do her very best in starting the working forces for our clover or basswood honey-flow ? Drawing the flying bees from a colony not only robs it of so many bees but it also deprives ii of all farther supplies of new pollen and honey. The result is that the queen discontinues her labors jn depositing eggs until new workers begin to take to the field again. Conse- quently there will be a corresponding shortage of workers at some future time — perliap.* during a honey-flow — when they are needed to take the places of the constantly decreasing numbers of field-workers. It is not according to the "strong colony" theory. All bee- keepers agree that one strong colony is better than a half-dozen weak ones and not only that, but some bee-keepers even advise to make the strong stronger by drawing from the weaker ones. But there is another point to this question. Years ago, iu trying to make the whole apiary come up to a more even standard in regard to yield of sur- plus, I imagined that it would be a great scheme to equalize the colonies before the honey-harvest by this exchanging process. I found that the plan does not always work as we expect or wish, as it did in Mr. Hirschiser's case. In making the exchange we have to be somewhat cautious or we may lose all the flying bees of the strong colony, or the queen we wish to save, or maybe both. I have been compelled to change back because the weak colony would not accept the now comers, but would kill them as fast as they entered the hive. It depends very much on the disposition of the dif- ferent colonies: if they are both of peaceablf>, good-natured parentage, all will be well, but if they are the opposite, of a cross, fighting disposition, especially the weak one, we may as well leave them to their own fate, for they will fight to the bitter end. LaSalle. N.Y., Dec. 30, 1900. QUESTION BOX At the New York State Association of Bee-keepers' Societies' Convention, at Geneva, N.Y., January 9, 1901. Q. As the honey-crop the past season was a short one, why is not extracted buckwheat honey worth as much as a year ago ? A. Cuban honey floods this State and Cincinnati, the duty on which is twenty cents per gallon ; adulteration in New York City and Albany, affected those markets both this year and last. Q. I would like a vote of this Conven- tion on what size section it is best to begin with— 4x.5xl3^ or 4^^x41^x1% ? A. About two-thirds were in favor of the 4x.5xl>^. Q. What is the life of the drone ? A. About the same as that of workers. Q. Do queens lay eggs in queen-cells? A. Probably not. Q. Has there ever been a bee-census? If so, where can it be found ? A. Yes, a very poor one, and can be obtained from the United States Census Bureau. Q. What is the measurem(>nt of the longest tongue of a bee yet obtained ? A. :33-100 of an inch. 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 69 Q. Will Alfalfa clover produce honey in this locality ? A. No. Q. Will we be able to combat the dis- ease of black-brood successfully ? A. By Inspector Stewart: "Yes: we now have it under control." Q. How shall we treat black-brood ? A. Obtain a book of directions from your bee-inspector. Keep Italian bees. Q. I understand Mr. is buying honey from foul-brood districts to feed to his bees in the spring, thus causing the spread of foul-brood in Onondaga County. Can we do anything to stop this ? The person referred to was called upon and he said, "Treat the honey before feeding it to the bees."' C. B. HowABD, Sec'y. STORAGE RACK For Empty Combs-Mending Sections etc. BY M. F. KEEVE. IN the process of forming sections wiiere you have no hand-press there is a liability to break a few in fitting them together. These need not be dis- carded. Have at hand a pot of prepared glue and a lot of stiff brown paper, such as hardware men use. Cut strips the width of the sections; apply glue and allow a couple of inches lap for each edge, and your section when the glue sets will be as sound as any other. Of course, these wou't be marketable, but they will be as good as any if you are in the habit of treating your neigh- bors or visitors to a taste of "white clover.'" "goldenrod"" or "buckwheat." COMI'ETITION FROM CAMFORNIA. There has been slight decline in prices of extracted and comb honey in the Phila- delphia market, due to the influx from California. Local apiarists who had honey to spare and marketed it early, secured the top prices. 80, as reports say, California rains have been profuse, the honey-crop in that section which has shown a falling off in some locali- ties within two years past, will revive the competition. STORAGE FRAMES. I have my surplus drawn combs of half depth foundation stored for the winter in frames 19Jix36, made of seven- inch floor boards, planed on one side and rabetted. so as to take in the tongue ends of the frames, crossways. By the use of this device one has his supers cleir for the spring work, and when it comes time to put on extra half depth extracting frames, there yovi are. For a deeper frame to accommodate the regular Langstroth brood-frames, one of ihe boards sawed in half and nailed to the lower edge of the seven-inch frame gives the right depth and some- thing to spare. These frames are also good storage boxes for made-up -frames which have uot yet been filled with foundation, accommodating twenty-eight of them. Rutledge, Pa., March 10, 1901. Honey and Beeswax Market. Boston, Mass., March 20, litOl. — There is uo change in our market from prices quoted for Feb- ruary. Demand is good with light stocks. Blake, Scott & Lee. Kansas Citv, Mo., March 20. — We have a good demand for honey with good supply. Price of comb, 14 (« Ific; extracted, S@ 8c. Demand for', beeswax is light at 2o (s 2Tc., with light supply. Comb honey is in good demand; stock sufficient for season's trade. No demand for extracted. Ha.mblin ct Sappinoton. Chicago, 111., March 20. — The choice grades of white comb-honey sell at Itic, with the supply about equal to demand; all other grades are slow of sale at the following range of prices: Fair grades of white, li @ 15c.; best ambers. 12 dj 13c., mixed colors, 10 (« lie: buckwheat, fancy, 10c. ; off grades 8 (a He; extrabted white ranges from 7 to 8c.; amber, ti"^ @ 'y>c.: buckwheat aV, % ti^c. ; Southern dark, 5 @ He. All of the extracted is governed by quality and flavor in the range of prices, the lowest figures, in either color, applies to the sour or off-flavored and unripened. Bees- wax in demand at 30c. K. A. Btknett & Co. New York, March 22. — The present stock of comb-honey is very light in this market and the demand is not large. We quote. Fancy white, per «■., 15c.; No. 1 white, 14c.; No. 2 white, 13o.; mixed honey, lie; buckwheat comb, .10c. : buckwheat extracted, 5^4 (a bV^c. Beeswax from 27c. Francis H. Leggett & Co. BtKFALo, March 19. — Fancy comb honey is in excellent demand at present, but supply is light. Price, fancy comb, 15 fe 16c.: dark, etc., 10 (« 14c. Pure fancy beeswax is in fair demand with light supply, and sells at 27 €' 2Sc.; dark 22 @ 24c. If any fancy comb honey can be sent now, it will sell well. Dark, moderate. Extracted not wanted. Battekson & Co. Owing to a delay on the part of the engraver to whom the work was entrust- ed, we are reluctantly obliged to close our forms this month without a fine por- trait of Mr. W. H. Pridgen, of North Carolina, which we had intended to use as our frontispiece. It will probably arrive in time to use in our next isssue. 70 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April A NEW DRONE CATCHER. In the Bee-keepers' Review for Febru- ary, C. T. Bonney contributes a very interesting letter on the desirability of teaching apiculture to children, which is accompanied by the picture herewith presented. The Review has permitted us to use the engraving, and we feel sure that our readers will appreciate the sublime spirit of the picture. Our readers are aware that drone-catchers and queen-traps is a subject that has engaged our attention for some time ; but of the scores of devices which we have tried and seen depicted, Mr. Bon- ney's "drone-catclier " is unquestionably the most interesting of all, and there is no doubt that as a "queen-catcher" it would be equally efficient. The Rcvietr's title, "Little Vera Bonney, Catching Drones," we have changed to suit our view of the subject. We have several times in the past given pictures of these juvenile bee- keepers, and should be pleased to receive any such which our readers may be so kind as to send us, for publication, in the future. A NEW l)Kt>NE CATCHEU. QUEENS. Probable Cause of Theirlnjury in Trans- portation—Tested Queens etc. BY AUTHrU C. MII.I.EU. IN The Bee-keeper for January the editor comments on the injury to queens by mail, and he took nearly the same attitude as Mr. Alley and Mr. Doolittle. namely, that the injury is caused by tlie sudd<'ii cessation of e saved '. In getting ready for the honey harvest we must commence preparations the pre- vious season. In this climate it is neces- sary that we should have strong colonies of young bees, abundance of stores to go into winter quarters, and hives well pro- tected by outside case or double walled. These conditions give good, strong colo- nies to commence with in the spring. This has been an exceptionally long winter ; while it has not been extremely cold, we have had a good deal of wind and a heavy fall of snow. My bees have not flown since the 1st of November and the prospect is that they will not before April 1st. Personally I prefer the Doolittle plan of getting strong colonies just at the right time for the honey-flow, which with us is about the 20th of June aud continues until about the :.'Oth of July, from clover and basswood. Then we liav(» a fall flow from buckwheat, which usu- ally give< us a nice surplus and plenty of stores and young l)ees for winter. Bearing in mind that all this work comes at the busiest time of the year for the most of us, we will get all our fixtures ready while the bees are rusting. Then instead of being driven to spend every spare minute in the shop, we can spend these minutes with the bees to our i)leas- ure and ])rofit ; and at the first intima- tion of the honey-flow, on goes a super, and my experience is that we get little or no swarming, if the bees are given room at the proper time, theiefore more honey. Yours, W. W. Siiepard. [Third Prize.] Eddy, N. Y.. March 11, 1901. Editor Bee-keeper : I winter my bees in the cellar. The first thing after th<'y are set out in the spring is to see that they have plenty of honey ; and if not. to give them some at once. I use a twn- (|uart fruit jar for feeding. I fill the jar with sugar-syrup and tie a piece of cheese-cloth over the top. This is invert- ed over a hole cut through the top-l)oard and a piece of cloth over the center of the hive. I feed as often as is necessary to make my bees strong when the honey- flow begins. It is the strong colonies that call for the most sections. If any fail to breed up on account of having poor queens, re-queen them, if you can : if not. take them up. Have your sec- tions ready as well as your hives, before the flow Ix'gins. Yours. T. H. Barueh. 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 73 As shown by the foreg'oiug. we have not had a very encouraging response to our request for letters from our amateur friends. Perhaps it will be better to allow each correspondent to select his own subject in the future. We shall continue to keep the Amateur Depart- ment open for those who desire to pat- ronize it ; though it will be useless to obligate ourselves to pay a stipulated amount each month if there are not claim- ants for the prizes. If any of our read- ers have anything upon whicli they think they can write a letter which will be of interest to others, they are cordially invited to send in the matter for publi- cation ; and we shall be pleased to pay for all good matter received, if available. LOSS AND DISCOURAGEMENTS. East Thorndike, Me., Feb.. 1901. About a year ago I wrote a little article as an amateur bee-keeper which appeared in The American Bee-keeper, giving my experience etc. In a later number Mr. Doolittle made some comments on it. I very much appreciated his commenda- tion and words of encouragement. No beginner or small bee-keeper who reads his articles and heeds his teachings can tail to profit by the lessons presented in his happy style on that subject he is so familiar with and so interested in. Last winter and spring were very dis- astrous in this section of the country to bee-keepers of all classes. Nearly fifty per cent, of the bees died, and the sum- mer proved a poor honey season. The honey supply was very meagre ; many who usually market a considerable amount of honey failed to secure enough for their own tables. As spring was nearing, the condition of some of my bees caused anxiety ; but the weather being unfavorable, as I thought, for thorough examination and feeding. A delay of a few days brought a fine, soft day, and I proceeded to examine some colonies, when, lo. and behold, nearly forty per cent, of my small stock of bees had ceased to be I When the effect of the shock had slightly subsided, I was on the point of taking the pen for the pur- pose of mingling my tears with those of other disconsolate bee-keepers, and to join the boo-hoo chorus ; but in a little delay that occurred, hope sprang up and I directed my attention to the remaining bees. One colony was considerably re- duced in numbers ; while they had a .sufficient quantity of honey, it was in a bad condition, being solidly candied, so much so that the bees seemed to make little impression on it. The comb in some of the frames was badly moulded. My first move was toplaceaclean, empty hive beside the hive to be handled. I then removed the mouldy empty combs, shaking the bees into the new hive, un- capped the honey and gave it a slight heating before the stove to in a degree licjuefy the candied houey. This last pro- cess caused some doubt in my mind as to whether it would have met the approval of an expert bee-keeper. However, no harmful result was noticed. I closed the bees upon six frames, tucked the cushion up, making everything snug and waited for suitable weather in which to feed. I improved every opportunity to feed and had satisfaction in seeing a marked im- provenn-nt from the time of the change from the old to the new hive, until the bees began to fly. Though naturally pleased with the re- sult, I then resolved that when fall should come around again, I would make doubly sure that the bees should be amply provided for in every respect for the trying seasons of winter and spring. J. F. Heath. LITERARY NOTES. The Cosmopolitan for April has an article by Lavinia Hart in which she ably discusses What constitutes the ideal wife. It is said that the powers of either man or woman are developed five- fold by working with a life companion who is in entire harmony. The ideal wife as a rule has it in her power to make the ideal husband. The Sattrhay Evening Post has, for early publication, a short, stirring serial, entitled The Outcasts, written by Mr. VV. A. Frazer, author of Mooswa and Others. The Outcasts are an old buf- falo and a wolf-dog, and a greater part of the story is about the strange comradeship and striking ad- ventures of thes3 companions, and their pilgrimage, in company, to the distant plains of deep grass, which the wolf-dog knew. There are action, and strength of word and phrase in the story, and the touch of the soil and the music and charm and sornbreness of the forest. The rush of the frenzied buffalo herd to death is told with splendid dramatic power. The plan of the book is a unique concep- tion, and is worked out on novel and entertaining lines. The Laj)IES' Hume Journal for April contains Richard Harding Davis's The Princess Aline in dramatized form, illustrated by Charles Dana (iib- son. The Beautiful Jewess VVho was Called the Princess of her People, and The Lovers of a Cheer- ful Giver are two other articles of interest in the same issue. Miss Griscom, the American woman golf champion, shows How (iolf is Played in a series of photographs! Edward Bok further empha- sizes the value of simpler living, and Helen Wat- terson Moody offers guidance through The First Tragedy in a Girl's Life. A Stucco Country House for *7. 500; A Shingled Country House for *'2.500, and horns Artistic Little Homes have a practical value to those planning to build homes. There are three short stories by (ielett Burgess, VV. A. Frazer and Laura Spencer Porter, and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's, The Successors of Mary the First, is con- cluded. \V. L. Taylor's painting. The Ham-raising as a Social Event, worthil}- fills a whole page. 74 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE W. T. FALCONEK MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Editor. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies 85 cts. ; .3 copies, $1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, it words; $2.00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per cent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. I^~Matter8 relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The American Bee-keeper, Falconer, N.Y. SW Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. |^~ Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. IW A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. We should be pleased to corres- pond with some practical bee-keeper who is conversant with the French language. Address the editorial department of The Bee-keeper, Ft. Pierce, Fla. If you have neglected to apply for the postal cards and enter the competition for the $20 worth of supplies, write at once to the pub- lishers for information in regard to it. You'll find it interesting. One hundred and thirty-five com- pleted queen-cells out of a possible one hundred and thirty-eight given to a single colony of Dees is a most interesting f-ubject of a very ])oor photograph recently sent us by Mr. W. O. Victor of Texas. Thanks. Mr. A. I. Root, pi'esident of the company which bears his name, at Medina, Ohio, honored us with a call, February 23rd. Mr. Root was making a hurried trip through Flor- ida in the interests of his house, which is well known throughout the bee-keeping world. Editor George W. York, of the American Bee Journal, in his issue for March 14th, 1901, in a manner becomingly affectionate chronicles the death of his father, Mr. John B. York, of Randolph, Ohio, which oc- curred on the 3rd of March, at the age of seventy one years and six months. We extend assurances of our condolence to Brother York in his bereavement. Editor E. R. Root, of Gleanings, has under contemplation a six months" sojourn in California. Ed- iting a bee-journal at a range of several thousands of miles from the publication office will probably act as a preventive of the ill effects which sometimes i^esult from over- exertion in persistent mountain climbing and protracted outings. From far-off Alaska, written on U. S. Government stationery, comes a letter by A. R. Heilig, a bee- keeper subscriber, formerly located at Tacoma. Mr. Heilig appears to be looking hopefully forward to the time when he shall again be among 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER his bees in Washington. Tell us first, Mr. Heilig", about the bees and flora of that Arctic spur of our Uncle's domain. Mr. L. E. Kerr, who writes on the same line in this number, says in a private note that his bees average a return of ten dollars per colony; that they have never known a failure in the honey-crop in his section of Arkansas, and that in the time required to produce ten dollars" worth of queens, they can produce $150 worth of honey. There mu",t bean expensive method of queen-rearing in vogue abont Hurricane. There is a real funny little item now going the rounds of our bee- keeping exchanges, credited to the Australian Bee Bulletin^ upon whom the American Bee Journal fixes the responsibility for the joke. It is remarkable how much more interest- ing an item becomes for having twice crossed the Pacific. In this case it was carried to Australia by The American Bee-keeper and car- ried back without credit by the Bulletin. It's interesting now. We are always glad to have our contemporaries quote, paraphrase, copy or comment upon anything ap- pearing in The Beekeeper; but we should like in all such cases to have this journal properly credited. To give as authority for extracts, "Edi- tor Hill " without mentioning The Bee-keeper is hardly a fair or sat- isfactory credit. When attention is due us, either favorable or other- wise, pay it to the journal, breth- ren ; we shall endeavor to reciprocate If you have a photograph of an apiary, or other apiarian subject, we should appreciate the privilege of seeino; it. Whether we can make use of it in The Bee-keeper or not, we will be interested in it and, if requested, return it uninjured to the owner. We have a great quan- tity of excellent matter for publica- tion, though good pictures seem to be scarce. The editor would like to make the acquaintance of any of his readers who use a camera. We like to talk photography about as well as to discuss bees. Owing to the heavy rains in Cal- ifornia during the past winter it was thought that California honey would be very much in evidence in the Eastern markets this season. From a communication to Gleanings by M. H. Mendleson, one of the heaviest producers on the Pacific coast, it appears that the Eastern producers need not be alarmed. Mr. Mendleson says that there are not a quarter of the bees in Califor- nia to gather the crop that there were prior to the two past seasons, which proved such a failure in his country. So great has been the influx of new subscribers since the beginning of the new year, many of whom de- sired to have the volume complete, that, we are advised by the pub- lishers, the January numbers have been exhausted, and future sub- scriptions will ther^'fore of necessity have to begin with the April num- ber. Several hundred new names have been added to the subscription list within the past month, and they are still coming by every mail. Each month adds to the pleasures and encouragement of the " up-hill" job which we were supposed to have undertaken. Volume 1, No. 1 of the Rorkt/ Mountain, Bee Journal is before us. The new candidate for public favor hails from Boulder. Col. . and H. C. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April Morehouse is the editor and man- ager. As the birthplace of bee- journals Colorado has recently become a record-breaker; although we understand that the Rocky Moun- tain Bee Journal is the only apicul- tural periodical now extant in the West. It certainly has the appear- c^nce of greater stability than was displayed by its predecessors, and is well edited by one evidently conversant with the practical side of the industry which he has under- taken to represent. We gladly welcome the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal to our exchange table, and sincerely wish it success. We are pleased to acknowledge the receipt of a copy of the 1900 edition of " A B C of Bee-culture," which last year underwent such a thorough revision. Perhaps no bee-keeping work extant has had so wide a sale as this most excellent volume. It has been so widely cir- culated that almost everywhere that one finds a colony of bees, there he will find a copy of some one of the many editions which have been published in the past. To any one fond of pictures, and especially if interestea in bee-keeping, a study of its illustrations alone is worth the price of the volume. The new edition, we understand, is meeting with a sale proportionate to its merits; and its popularity is well deserved. At no time of the year does skill- ful treatment and care of the bees yield so great a reward as that be- stowed during the spring months. Avoid handling unnecessarily at all times and under no circumstances do so while the weather is cold. See that all colonies are provided with queens and with ample stores. Brood-rearing draws heavily upon the honey which they may have. Protect the hives in every possible way against the loss of heat. Upon the number of eggs laid by the queen up to the thirty-seventh day preceding the opening of the bloom from which the nectar is to be gath- ered, depends the bee-keeper's suc- cess. All laid thereafter are at a loss to the honey producer. Give the queen the benefit of every advantage you are able to bestow, in order that she may meet the honey-flow with an ample force of workers. Our thanks are due Secretary Howard, of the New York State Association of Bee-keepers' Societies for a quantity of interesting matter relating to the work of the Associ- ation and particularly to its Con- vention at Geneva, last January. President Marks' annual address to the Convention is always spicy reading, and we shall have pleasure in publishing it in full at an early date. In this connection we take occasion to assure our New York friends that The Bee-keeper would be pleased to receive photo- graphs of each member of the Advisory Board and the entire officiary of the Association. We trust each will consider this a per- sonal request, and that they will kindly mail, at the earliest possible moment, a good clear picture, dii-ect to the Editorial Department of The American Bee-keeper, Fort Pierce, Florida. We should also be pleased to receive pictures of every officer of every bee-keepers' association in the Empire State for publication in these columns. Owing to the hundreds- of new readers who have recently joined our circle and who are not convers- ant with our past efforts in behalf of bee-keepers' interests, we desire to repeat some things often said 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 77 before: The American Bee-keeper is a sort of co-operative institution, the objects of which are pleasure and profit; and every subscriber is invited to become an active member. The general dissemination of bee- keeping knowledge can be accom- plished only through the free exchange of ideas between those interested in the subject; and The Bee-keeper acts as the medium in the accomplishment of this pur- pose. We should be pleased to hear from as many of our new readers as may find it convenient to write us. If you are an amateur or beginner, perhaps you will feel more at h )me around our "Amateur Table," which appears in each num- ber. Please state when writing, whether you desire to have your letter appear in this department or not. But write something which you think will be of interest to others. All are invited. Most commission houses which handle honey have by their business methods acquired a reputation among the experienced shippers of the fraternity. Some have acquired a reputation which will not tend to increase their yearly business in our products. Others deserve, and should have the confidence of honey producers. Nearly every year some inexperienced shipper falls a victim to the disagreeable methods and treatment of unbusiness-like or dis- honest dealers. There are many of those who quote regularly in the bee-papers, with whom we are un- acquainted; but be it known, we know some of them too well; and if any reader of The Bee-keeper shall request our opinion of any of those with whom we have had business dealings, it will be gladly given. The publishers of this journal pay us for keeping an eye upon the in- terests of its patrons: and we be- lieve that our experience along this line may be of service to some of those whom we trust will have a crop of honey to market this year. A FORECAST. One of the most progressive, scien- tific and well-known bee-keepers of the northern states, under date of March 9, 1901, wrote us as follows: "The Bee-keeper for March is just at hand; and permit me to congratulate you on the mat- ter it contains. You are forcing it to the front with great energy. If you keep on at the rate at which you are going, it will soon excel anything in the field." There is no use of concealing the fact that such letters are very en- couraging; and we can assure our readers that our rate of speed will not only be maintained but increas- ed, just as fast as possible. This journal does not belong to the class which holds that the field of apicul- tural journalism is already full and overcrowded. There is yet lots of room for improvement; and whether The Bee-keeper shall ever attain to its coveted position in the field or not, is uncertain ; but we hope yet to see a strictly first-class magazine devoted exclusively to bee-keeping. TONGUE-REACH. Perhaps there is not a bee-keeper in the whole land who has not noted a great difference in the nectar- gathering capacity of certain colo- nies in his yard. "Good workers" is the word usually employed to designate the characteristics of any pai'^.icular colony which has been suc- cessful in storing a large quantity of honey. Other dolonies which, though populous, have given little or no surplus while others were gathering and storing supers full of honey, have been called "lazy." 78 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER April Some time since the theory was advanced that this superiority in certain instances was due to the ad- vantage of a longer tongue which was possessed by the "good honey gatherers, " while the "lazy" colo- nies simply did not have the ' ' tools"' with which to extract the nectar from the depths of long corolla tubes. It appears that recent in- vestigations tend to bear out this theory; and if such should prove to be the case, the only solution of the " lazy bee " problem will be to breed continuously from the stock possess- ing the greatest tongue-reach. Perhaps Mr. E. R. Root, of Glean- lags in Bee Culture, has done more tongue measuring than any other person up to the j^resent time. His observations and experiments have been quite interesting; and it I'eally seems desirable that the matter should be pursued until it is either established as a truth or else dis- proven. If length of tongue has to do with the quantity of surplus honey secured, it is a matter of vital im- portance that we should know it. We .have had some interesting cor- respondence with Mr. Root relating to the matter, and as a result have equipped ourselves for the measur- ing of tongaes according to the plan followed by himself. In arriv- ing at a really satisfactory result, it appears that an uniform method of measuring should be adopted by all investigators ; and we believe that employed by Mr. Root to be the most simple and practical of the methods suggested. To procure accurate measure- ments requires great care, and it is rather doubtful if satisfactory Re- sults might be obtained by widely different methods, and in the hands of those unskilled in the work. We have already found that some practice will be necessary be- fore we shall feel inclined to plac(^ great confidence in our own work. We have reached the reliable stage we shall acquaint our readers with the result of the experiments now going on. Meanwhile, if any of our readers have a superior honey gathering colony, or one which, though populous, does not gather an equal quantity of honey with the others, keep an eye upon them and we shall be glad to lay the respec- . tive tongues upon the rule. I CCNTROLLINCi FERTILIZ.ITION. Mating queens in confinement is a very old subject which has been given a long rest in the journals and conventions of the land. The Bee-kee2:>ers' Reviev^ is responsible for a recent revival of the matter, which is discussed from a new point of view, in a most interesting way, by J. S. Davitte as well as by the editor. Mr. Davitte, it seems, has been conducting some very success- ful experiments along this line, j His method is to have a tent thirty feet high and thirty feet in diameter, covered with mosquito netting. The hives from which the drones and queens ai'e to fly have an opening or entrance at the back which leads directly into the tent. The front eitrance is fitted with a piece of perforated zinc, thus preventing the queens and drones from escap- ing to the open air; although the working force continues freely to forage in the natural fields. In order that the workers might become accustomed to fly from the entrance leading to the open fields, the rear or tent entrance was kept closed for about a week ; and neither drones nor queens were permitted to fly at all, excepting between the hours of 11 a. m. and 1:30 p. m. Mr. Davitte is convinced that the : secret of mating in confinement con- J sists in havingr the drones educated i to the use of the tent; and this is 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 79 easily accomplished by never per- mitting them to fly in the open air. As a result of their having never flown anywhere fxcept in the tent, they know no otlier world than its confines, and appear to enjoy them- selves within its limits as well as though their flight was unrestricted. The nuclei from which the young- queens were to fly were placed in the same position as the drone col- nies; but the queens were not turned into the tent until the drones were reconciled and flying freely. As a further precaution against the workers entering the tent, the tent entrances were kept shaded while open. Mr. Davitte says he has reared one hundred queens in one season and had them all mated in this way. This is, to say the least, a very interesting development, anditmay lead to the perfecting of a method which will, in ihe future, enable those who are surrounded with un- desirable stock, to control the mat- ing of their queens — a thing here- tofore considered impossible. It appears that the chief point of im- portance to its successful practice would be the bringing about of a perfectly reconciled condition of the drones, within the tent — a point, by the way, which is almost too delicate for the conception and handling of the novit-e. It is akin to the work of conditioning a colony for queen - rearing — one of those delicate matters very keenly appre- ciated by the experienced, yet ex- pressei with great difficulty. A thorough acquaintance with bees will beget an appreciative under- standing, where no possible amount of study can do so. SPRAYINCJ A«.\IN. / So much has l>e(Mi said (and it has Ix'i^n said so often) ii]K»n tliis subject tliat it would seem quite unnecessary to pursue the matter farther. The letters and news- paper clippings received at this office, however, indicate that it is still a live sul)ject, and that bee-keepers are deter- mined to follow the (luestion closely, un- til the bee-poisoners shall have learned U> consult their own interests by a general or entire discontinuance of the practice. As a "clincher." we have pleasure in reproducing the following extracts from (Jreen's Fruit Grower, sent to us by Presi- dent W. F. Marks, of the New York wState Association of Bee-keepers" Societies. If any of our readers have fruit-growing n('ighlK)rs who are still inclined to spray trees while in bloom, it might not be amiss to call their attention to this sum- mary of revealed facts : SHAI.I. WE SPRAY TREES \<'HEN IN BLOSSOM '? In the coming time to insure success in frviit-growing the fruit-grower will be obliged to manage his orchard in accord with scientific principles. Perhaps r'armers with little scientific knowledge will be able to manage an acre or two so as to produce all the fruit re^ of insects and also when to apply those poisons to effect greatest results and, at the same time do the least harm to the trees or fruits. He will also need to know enough of fungology to be able tn combat the different kinds with remedies, when those remedies will be most effectual. As it happens, most of the insect enemies come into active life with the first warm days of spring. A few warm days will hatch eggs in which the insects have passed the winter, or cause the larva, which have spent the winter in pupa^ to leave their winter abodes and commence crawling over the tree or plant on which they have wintered, in search of the tender leaves which form their most appropriate food. Tlie instinct of the maternal parent guides her to de- })Osit her eggs in close proximity to suit- ai)le food for the ycuind larva. Hence we learn that some of the most formidable insect enemies of the fruit cultuii-;t — the bud-worm, the case-bearer, the apple leaf-folder, the leaf-crumpler and several others, a little l(\ss destructive, are ready 80 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Ajyt'll to enter the opening bud and commence eating before it is fully expanded, and those very formidable enemies, the tent caterpillar and the canker worm soon follow. There is no period in the life of those instects when they can be so easily destroyed by arsenical poisons, as when they first begin to feed. A weak mixture of arsenic will then destroy them while a much stronger mixture may fail to do so when they have attained a larger growth. It is evident, then, that apple trees should be sprayed with Paris green, or other forms of arsenic, when the buds first begin to swell, certainly when the leaves begin to unfold. As many kinds of fungi commence to grow with the first warm days of spring, Bordeaux mixture can be profitably mixed with the arsenic- al poison. A few years ago, from a mistaken idea of the time when the codling-moth first lays her eggs, orchardists, fearful that if they waited until the apple-blofsttms fell, it would be too late to destroy the larva, sprayed their trees while in blossom and bee-keepers complained that their bees were poisoned, and prevailed upon our Legislature to pass a law forbidding spray- ing while trees are in blossom. Many orchardists felt greatly aggrieved by this law, asserting that they were forbidden to sprav just when spraying would do the most good, and they must sacrifice their apple-crop upon their own land, for the benefit of the bee-keeper, who had no claim upon their orchard as a bee- pasture. More recently, a careful ob- servation of the habits of, the codling- moth led to the discovery that she does not deposit her eggs immediately after the blossom falls, but several days later, and that, instead of placing tlii'm in the calyx or blossom end of the fruit, as had always been supposed, she lays them upon the side of the young apple, glueing them to the rind, and that wben the egg hatches the larva crawls over the fruit in seaich of a place of concealment which they generally find in the partially closed calyx. This'seems to show that thei-e is no occasion for haste in spraying immediately after the blossoms fall, but that any time before the calyx closes will answer when the little cup may be filled with the poisoned water ready to give the worm an inhospitable welcome to its fii'st meal. Still more recent investigations show that it is not only not necessary to spray for the Qodliiig-worm when tlie trees are ill blossom, but that it is a positiv(> detri- lufut to the fruit to spray at sucli a time. At the late meeting of the Western New York Horticultural Society, Prof. L. A. Beach, of the New York State Experi- ment Station at Geneva, detailed some experiments he had made in spraying apple trees, when in bloom, with Paris green. He experimented in two orchards in Ontario County and two in Niagara County. Had sprayed some trees in all of the orchards and left others con- tiguous without spraying. All the trees were very full of blossoms. On the trees sprayed but few apples set. a very large proportion of the blossoms falling, appa- rently before the fruit set in, wliile on those not sprayed a very large crop of fruit grew. To make the test still more conclusive, he selected trees very full of blossoms alike on both sides, and sprayed one side of each tree, leaving the other side unsprayed. The result was, on those sides sprayed the fruit set very sparsely, while on the opposite side, not spraved, a heavy burden of fruit grew. Prof." Beach came to the conclusion that where you fairly hit an apple-blossom with Paris green strong enough to kill insects, you will pretty certainlv kill the blossom. '^-he organs of reproduction in fruit blossoms, when fully exposed, are very tender and easily killed. A slight frost or a long, cold rain will often leave an orchard, covered with blossoms, with little or no fruit. If these experi- ments shall be confirmed we shall con- fess that the Legislature "builded better than it knew," that while protecting tlie lives of the bees it prevented fruit- growers from destroving thcMr fruit. The undersigned has an extra fine lot of English Carrier and Belgian Homer Pige(nis. -bred from best imported ^tock. which he desires to exchange for pun- Buff Plymouth Rocks, or will sell at very reasonable price. John Nielsen, 1 It. IC) Fairfield Ave.. Jamestown. N.Y. TVPKWUITEHS AN!) CAMEK.A.S. If any reader of Thk Hee-keei'EK is contem- plating the purchase of a photographic outfit or a writing machine, I should bo pleased to have him correspond with me before placing an order for either. 1 am in a position to offer new instruments of the highest grade, direct from the manufac- turers, at the lowest possible prices. Kespectfully, i^.fj- H. E. Hii.i., Ft. Fierce, Fla. A Letter from BISHOP McCABE of New York City, '■With regard to Dr. JAMES' HEAD- ACHE POWDERS I liare no hesitation in commending them to sufferers from headache. They relieve the pain speedily, and I have never known any one to be harmed by their use. I have been a great sufferer from headache in my life, but have almost gotten rid of it by the constant use of hot water and fruit and by doing without coffee. The Dr. James' Headache Powders have, however, greatly relieved me at times and I never allow myself to be without them, and I have recommend- ed them to others freely." (Formerly Chaplain) C. C. McCABE. If you cannot get Dr. James' Mini- ature Headache Powders at your store, send us 2c. stamp for a sam- ple, or five 2 cent stamps for the regular lOc. size. THE J. W. JAMES CO., ^ >t East Brady, Pa. <^ XT £2 x: ru 1^ Improved Golden, and Leather Colored Italian, is what H. G. Quirin rears. We have one of Root's best Red-clover breeders from their $200 queen and a Golden breeder from Doolittle, who says, "If there is a queen in the United States worth SIOO. this one is." These breeders have been added to our already improved strain of queens for the coming season. J. L. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., wrote us on Aug. 15, 1900, saying that the colony having one of our queens had already stored over 400 pounds of honey, mostly comb. He states that he is certain our bees work on RED CLOVER, as they were the only kind in his locality and apiary. A. I. Root's folks say that our queens ara extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal tells us that he has good reports from our queens from time to time. We have files upon files of un- solicited testimonials. After considering above evidence, need you wonder that our orders have increased each year? Give us a trial order and be jileased: we have h'ad years of experience in rearing and mailing queens: safe delivery will he guaranteed; instruc- tions for intrtidue'ing sent witli each lot of queens. QUEENS NOW READY TO MAIL. Warranted stock *1 00 each, six for $b 00 Tested queens 1 .iO " " " 8 00 Selected tested ■; 00 " " ' 10 00 We have 100,000 Folding CartOHS on hand. -o long as they last will sell iliem with your address printed on in two colors, at $4.U0 jjer 1000, or 500 for $'J.7.'). , .\t above prices you cannot afford to place honey on market without cartoning it. Address all orders to H. C. QUIRIN, I'arkertawii. Uliio. 4 tit (Parkertown is now a Money Order Office.) Trying to do business without advertising is like winking at a pretty girl in the dark; you know what yon are doing, but nobody else does — A. W. Greatest, Cheapest Pood on Eartli for Sheep, Swine. Cattle, Poultry, etc. Will be worth $100 to yoa to read what Salzer*3catjlogsays abont rape. Billion Dollar Grass will positively make you rich; 13 tons of hay and luis of pasture per acre, to also Bromus, Peaoat,Speltz (iOO bu. coid,250 bu. oats per a.,) etc., etc. ForthSs Notice and 10c. vre mail bi^ cata'cg: ard 10 Farm Seed Kovelties, fully worth fflOto get a start. F«r 14e. 7 siilendid vegetable and 3 brilliant llower seed packages and catalog. JOHN A.5ALZER Seed CO.."Sli^' The Northwest Magazine. Beautifully printed and illustrated and with over 30,000 nionthly circulation among the most progressive Farmers, Fruit Growers and Agricultural Special- ists of the great Northwest: Is an Exceptionally Profitable Medium to Advertise In. It goes to nearly every postoffice be- tween Wiscqnsin and the Pacific Coast, and is read by business men and every- body. For 1901 advertising rates, address THE NORTHWEST MAGAZINE, St. Paul, Minn. 2-(it The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Falconer, N.Y. Dear Sir: My order just. received and find all iO. K. and I believe your goods are better than ever before, and we always thought they were just right. If yon do not send any poorei" goods to anybody than I have received for the past six years I do not see what becomes of poor lumber; I do not get it anyway. Yours respectfully, CHAS, W. HILL, S. Easton, Mass. March 4, 1901. SHINE! The Empire Washer Company. Jamestown, N.Y. make a Shine Cabinet, furnished with foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe rubber — in fact, all articles and materials needed to keep shoes looking their best— and as it is made to be fastened to the vpall of 1 oilet room or kitchen, it does away with the vexatious searching after these articles which is altogether too common. A postal will bring you details of this and other good things. Br^Look for a half-page adv'f with a big '■^:i5." for a starter; read, ponder, write, act and profit. His Lordship the Bb Is iBH h-isrs, Most complete book on the subject ever issued. Sixteen chapters, covering the field thoroughly; price 3.5 cents, postpaid. Lambert's Belgian Hare Record Book; price 40 cents postpaid. Pedigree blanks, six generations, 25 cents per dozen, postpaid. Star Printing' Co., *2t 219 East Court Street, JacksonwilleJII , The Southern Farmer, Athens, Georgia. The Leading AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL of the South. No Farmer, Fruit Grower, Stock- raiser, Poultryman, Dairyman or even Housewife can afford to be without this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on appli- cation. Advertising Rates Reasonable Horticultural Visitor^ Kinniur.dy, DIs., conducted by a practical horticulturist. Read by active fruit and vegetable growers. Old subscribers say they find more practical know- ledge in this Journal than 1 hey do in any other. Send for a free sample copy and see for yourself. Send for Price List of Nursery Steele to PARK NURSERY, KINMUNDY, ILL. Established in 1883. See low prices before buying. 11-Ot Buffalo Review. Live Stock, Produce and Horse Interests. TELEGRAPH SERVICE. Official paper of East Buffalo Stock Yards. Best Agricultural Advertising Medium. Subscription !i;4. per annum. Buffalo Review Co., Publishers, Buffalo, N.Y. If you are in- t e r e sted in sheep and the breeding of early lambs, try the Dorsets. If you wish further informa- tion send for a copy of the Dorset Courier, published monthly. Address Courier, ij.yt Washington, Pa. B Here is a new and useful device made witli botli shoulder straps of one continuous piece of first-class webbiny, ends of best braided cord: buckles heavy brass, nickle plated and not one stitch of needlework employed in its construction, therefore nothing to rip or wear out prematurely. All elastic goods depreciate with age. Why buy cheap, worthless elastic goods that may have been burdening the shelves of the wholesale and retail merchants for months or years'? We manufacture our goods and sell direct from Factory to Wearer. Suspenders as well as other garments should fit tbe body. In ordering give measurement over shoulder from front to rear button. All goods sent securely packed, postpaid. Sample pair, 2.5c.; five pair, $1 15; youth's lengths, one pair, 20c.; five pair. '.'Oc. Try the Seamless and you will wear no other. Lawrence Suspender Co., 734 Mass. Street, Lawrence, Kan. 3 $1 A Poultry Paper YEIARS for We will send the Canadian Poul- try Review three years for$l or to three subscribers one year for $1. Special departments for "Turkeys, Ducks and Geese," "Poultry Ail- ments, " "Bantams," Incubators and Brooders," "Practical Poultry," [under charge of A. G. Gilbert, manager Poultry Department, Gov- ernment Farm, Ottawa] etc. New illustrations, critical show reports, 40 to 48 pages monthly. Single copy 5c. Address, Toronto, Ont. Go South. The Soil, Climate, Markets and many other advantages invite you. For free copies of Monthly Journal, and for Maps, Plats, Facts. Figures and full information, write A. Jeffers, 351 Main Street, i.,.yt Norfolk, Va. H O R T I C U L T U R E Does the word interest you '? If so, send 50 cents for one year's subscription to the North American Horticulturist, C. J. McCormick, Editor, MONROE, MICH. An Ihistrated Monthly, devoted to FRUIT CROWING, FLOWERS, FORESTRY and HOME. A First-class Advertising medium reaching thousands of farmers and fruit growers. here is a medium, Mr. Advertiser, that will pay you. Tbe Nebraska parm JourQal A Monthly Journal Devoted to Agricultural Interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural paper in the West. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. THE NEBRASKA FARM JOURNAL, 1123 N. St., LINCOLN, NEB. CANAOIAN POULaTRY NRWS, A live up-to-date, 16-page monthly devoted to poultry, pigeons and pet stock; con- tains much useful informa- tion as well as general Cana- dian Poultry News. Sub- scription only 30 cents a year, advertising rates very low. Send 30 cents at once and ^ct the Annual Illustrated Christmas Number, of twenty pages, in colors, before the edition is run out. Don't send American stamps, please. Address ROBT- R. CAMERON, Publisher Canadian Poultry News, i2-{;t Owen Sound, Ont., Can. Pigeon Flying! The leading, brightest and best authority on Homing Pigeons in America. Charles H. Jones, Editor and Publisher, lOSo. Broad St., Philadelphia. Sole Manufacturer of National Association bands, also initial, seamless and open bauds for dragoons, carriers and all kinds of toy pijieons — Aluminum Seamless bands for Homers and Toys - - - - .f 2 50 per 100 Aluminum Seamless bands for Dra- goons and Carriers - - - :! O'l " 100 Seamless German Silver bands - - 2 00 " ICO Open bands—German Silver - 1 00 " 100 Countermarks - - - - 80 " 100 Countermarks, Aluminum, very light 1 00 " 100 No extra charge for initials. All bands are registered for future reference. No samples sent unless price of bands and cost of mailing is remitted. All kinds of rubber stamps and figures for mark- ing pigeons. Send stamp to the above address for illustrated catalogue for all appliances pertaining to pigeons. 12-6t GET MARKIED and Get Married QUICKLY! We can help you secure a good wif'i! or husband. Don't live a single life. Get mar- ried happily. Send two-cent stamp for full particulars. Address FARMER and MIKER, DENVER, COLO. P. O. box 850. 12-t5t The Record. The Oldest and Leading Belgian Hare Journal of America and England. R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher, The only journal having an English Belgian Hare Department. One copy worth the yearly subscription. If interested, don't fail to send 2-cent stamp for sample copy at once. Address, R. J. FINLEY, i2-6t MACON , MO. A Postal Card. If you want to know something about the live stock business in the West, send us a postal card with your name and address plainly written on same, and we will mail you a sample copy of the Western Swine Breeder and Live Stock Journal. It is an up-to-date stock publication. WESTERN SWINE BREEDER, 12 't I07 S. llth Street, LINCOLN, NEB. $200 Red=clover Qiieen. OFFER No. 35. ON SEPTEMBEK 1st last we announced that wc luially had a red-elover queen fully equal to the one we had years ago. The colony of this queen has given one of the most remarkable showings en red clover of any beep we have ever had. The queen in question is an imported one, and therefore of the genuine pure leather-colored Italian stock. We sent out daughters from her all the season. But we did not discover her value until the cl6*rer season, second growth, came on, and then her colony so out- distanced all the other -150 that she attractedTattention at once. It must be understood that these queens are not golden yellow, neither are their bees of the five- banded stock. They are simply leather-colored Italians, wliose mother came direct from Italy. Since the notice appeared regarding this queen we have hardly been abla to supply all of the queens thal.were wanted from this stock. Maiiy daughters of this queen we sent out before we knew her value, and it now transpires that some of the finest bees in the land are from queens we sent out early. We are now booking orders for the coming season, and make the following offer, but no queens will be furnished except to those who subscribe for GLEANINGS, and only one with each year's subscription. All arrear- ages must be paid to the end of this year. Gleanings for lO'Jl aad one untested red-clover queen, $2.00; Gleanings one year .and a tested red-clover queen, $1.00; a select tested red-clover queen and Gleanings one year tor Sti.OO. We will begin mailing these queons in June, 1901. Orders are already being entered, and the same will be filled in rotation. Do not neglect to improve this opportunity and get some choice stock, and send your order early so jou may get the queen correspondingly early in the season. AVe are using every precaution to winter this queen safely, but reserve the right in case of her loss this winter to substitute from other select tested stock of this strain which we are holding in reserve, or to give the sAbscriber the benefit of any of our other clubbing offers if desired. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. Be Our Agent and Make Money Little trouble, no worlt. and good remuneration. Send h-'.i ten two cent .s'amps to pay postage and we vrill send you The Woman's Magazine a whole year FSEE. Our only condJtJon being that you send us the names and addresses of ten of your ladv friends who might become an agent or sub- scriber to the best woman's magazine published. We will mail you our "Easy Agent's Outfit." $10.00 per ray a sniall average 10f?,OJIO paid circu- lat'on now. ''he Wo.man's JVIagazinb contains each month two serials- two short stories— " Other Women," an interesting page written by one of the brightest writers in the land. Departments treating on all home matters, including "Personal Talks with Girls " Woman's Magazine, 112 '"eirborn St., Chicago. CD Perfected Von Culin Incubator i.s kno'wii pretty well all over the country and has never failed to prove satisfactory when handled by a person of intelligence and with ordinary attention. We guar- antee them to be satisfactory or you needn't pay for, them. Whafs more fair than this offer, and doesn't it show that we mean what we say as to its merits'? Send for catalogue. The W. T. FALCONER MFC. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO., Jamentoum, N.Y. for PERFECT BEE SUPPLIES. Are you interested in the South? The Tri-State Farmer and Gardener, published in Chattanooga, renii., is the leading exponent of Southern farm interests. It is edited by the best and most practical farm writers in the South. Subscription price is 50 cents a year. To anyone sending us 25 cents and mentioning this paper, we will send our paper for one year. Sample copy sent upon application. Address: Tri-State Farmer & Gardener, U-Gt Chattanooga, Tenn Bee-keepers who also raise Poultry should not fail to read the Practical Poultryman. It is thoroughly reliable, al- ways interesting and practi- cal, and each issue is worth a year's subscription. Sample copy for the asking. Advertising in it pays, be- cause it reaches buyers. PRINTING FOR FANCIERS our specialty. Everybody suited with our work and pleased with our low prices. Samples and price list free. Address, Practical Poultryman, ii-6t Whitney Point, N.Y. NEVER NEGLECT A COLD OR COUGH Neglect a Cold or Coush and If La Grippe don't eet you, Consurnption will- ctmHIWAK'S INHALER cures , colds and all diseases of the breath- r way passages. You losedollnrs In doc- tor bll Is In not keeping CXISKM AN'S INHAL.ER bandy to drive off a cold or ooiiKh or uore throat at Its very first approach. If yoii can't Ret II nl Dragcjsls spndforlt.' DO YOUR HENS PAY?^ This woman understands her business, 10 Dozen Eggs at 36c. per dozen from 180 hens in one day. That Egg Basket tells the story. nil, 50 eents. Send for Bonk on Menthol, Tree. El'SIDUN KKt'GtO., VIXCEXXKS, IXU., U. S. A. tf Ten Dozen at 36e. pel doz. In one day form 180 hens Our New Book "Helps for Poultry Keepers tells how, explains why so many fail and bo few succeecl. A Book we can commend with a good conscience as a GREAT HELP to all Poultry Keepers young or old. Describes 60 varieties of fowls, well Illustrated, and contains a Poultry Keepers Account showing gain or loss monthly ;on heavy paper worth 25 cts. This Book Free with our Poultry Paper one year for 25c. or Book free with paper 3 months for lOe. Descriptive circulars Free for stamp topay postage. Wayside Poultry Co., Clintonville. Conn. 11-Ot SPECIAL OFFER. While the regular subscription price for THE MAGIC CITY HOOF AND HORN, a weekly Price Current, Live Stock, Farm and Fireside paper, will remain at One Dollar per year yet, in order to more than double our present cir- culation, we have determined, for a brief period, to allow all of our present subscribers to renew their subscriptions by sending the name of a new subscriber with their own for one dollar, thus get- ting two papers for one year for one dollar. And to all who remit at once we will give, free, a copy of B. J. Kendall's Perfected Receipt Book and a copy of The Magic City Hoot and Horn's Statistical and Historical Review of the Magic City. Two Or more new subscribers at the same time will be taken at the same rate. This is below the actual cost of the paper, but we are willing to make the low offer in order to increase our list. Allbery Printing Company, South Omaha, Kebr. BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. This cut represents our Combined Machine, which is the best machine made for use in the construction ol Hives, Sections, Boxes, etc. Sent on trial. Send for Cata- logue and Price List. W. F. & John Barnes Co., 913 Ruby St., Rockford, Don't forget to inquire into that offer of $35.u0 worth of Supplies by the Publisliers Free Sample Copy of the TIPPECANOE FAEMER, Semi-monthly, Only 25 cents per year. The best farm paper for the money published in the West. Large circulation Advertising rates reasonable. TIPPECANOE FARMER CO., Lafayette, Ind. F. M. Smith, Editor. ii.^t $ Money in $ Poultry. There is much money in raising poultry if properly attended to. Learn how to do it right, get the experience of successful breeders and find a sure way to become independent, by subscribing for Poultry Culture, the best edited and most up-to-date poul- try magazine in America. Price only 50 cents a year. Address Poultry Culture Co., Kansas City, Mo. ^"^ ROYAL TEMPLARS. A beneficiary association. Its grade of payments scientific and safe. Both sexes received in perfect equality. You get just what you pay for, and only pay for what you get. Organized 1870. Emergency fund maintained. Expense of management low. Claims paid without expense to beneficiary. Send for information. General office, Itf Masonic Building, Buffalo, N.Y. NEW LIFE TEA ALWAYS CURES CONSTIPATION, INDiGE5TlON, SICK HEADACHE, And imparts new life to the whole system. At all (Irugg-ists find dealers, 25c, or sent by mail, if your dealer will not supply you. Address, LANGHAH HED. CO., LE ROY, N. Y. Dairymen, Milk Dealers and Creamery men. If you want a paper wholly devoted to your in- terests subscribe for the Milk Reporter. Every issue contains only Official Statis- tics pertaining to the milk market, including prices, amount carried by different railroad lines and an endless collection of facts and figures. Also special features of the trade, notes and com- ments on recent events pertaining to the business, and in every issue will be valuable instructions or suggestions which will prove an aid to those inter- ested in the products of the dairy from any point of view. Order sample copy and address all communica- tions to The Milk Reporter, ii.,.,t Deckertown, N. J. Tho Fruit Growers' Journal, is a six column, eight-page journal, pub- lisiied monthly, at Cobden, Illinois, The Fruit Growing Center of the West. It is an all-around horticultural, agri cultural journal, and is devoted largely to transportation and markets, Agents Wanted. Send two cents for sample copy. 13-6t This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others would notice vot'Kadvt. in The Am. Bee-keeper $35 ^^^^h o^ Bee-keepers' mmtm^ SuppHes FREE! The publishers of ■ The American Bee-keeper will give," absolutely free, Thirty-five Dollars' worth of Sup- plies, which the recipient may select from their 1901 Catalogue. Full particulars upon request. Write at once, if interested. The American Bee-keeper, '« Falconer, N.Y. ALUMINUM and Non-metallic LEG BANDS, 13 for 15e.: 35, 30c.; 50. 50c.; 100, i(fl.OO. Special prices to dealers. P"RTNTTN(t' 100 Envelopes 45c.; 350 75c.; 500 ,1i;i.OO; 1,000 »1.75. ()X9J^ -*- -'-*'-*--'-' -L-Ll' VJ • ]sjote Heads, Cards or Shipping Tags same price as envelopes. Cuts to illustrate. Send 10c. for six months' trial subscription to Western Farm- Poultry, 30 pages. Big package Lice Killer 50c.; big pkg. Poultry Compound 50c. 1 >t WACLE PUB. CO., Marshall, Mo. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agrieiiltuial News *1.00 a year. Address, CONNECTICUT FARMER. Hartford, Conn. tf The FANCIERS' GAZETTE, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. A monthly poultry paper of from 40 to 60 pages, which keeps at the front as a genuine, high-class poultry publication. It also issues illus- trations of fowls in their natural colors. It is devoted to poultry raising in all of its branches. Send your address to it for a free copy. The price 01 the paper per year is 50 cents, six months 25 cents. " 2-tit Attention! Poultry Raisers. ••Diseas(>sof Poultry and Their Ciu-e" is a book giving a careful and thorough des- cription of all diseases common to poultry. It will tell you what is the matter with your fowls when they are sick, and will "give you the surest cure. Every poultry raiser needs it. Price 'i5 cents, post i)aid. Publisht'd by the Eureka Mfg. Co.. 2-Ot East St. Louis, 111. The finest line of Wooden Advertising Novelties, such as Thermometers, Match Safes, Rulers, Yard- sticks, etc. made in the world, is the line manufac- tured by The American Mfg. Concern, Jamestown, N.Y. Beeswax wanted We will pay 29 cents cash or 3D cents in goods for good quality of Beeswax, freight paid to FALCON- ER, N.Y. If you have any, ship itto us at once. [Prices subject to change without notice.] The W. T. Falconer Mfa:. Co. EGGS IN WINTER Are easily obtained under ri^ht conditions and proper attention. Subscribe for our poultry paper and !carn how. 25 cts. a year. Sample copy free, THE POULTRY ITEM, Box 190, Fricks, Pa. For Sale! 14 Colonies Italian Bees, P'irst-class condition. For price address, E.L. MESSENGER, 3-2t {3 Townsend Ave., New Haven, Conn. BEE SUPPLIES from LEWIS They are the finest. THOUSANDS OF BEE HIVES, MILLIONS OF SECTIONS, Ready for Prompt Shipment. 6- B- LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis!, = U. S. A. Branch: G. B. LEWIS CO., 19 So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. , 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every new subscriber sending $1.00 for tl-e weekly American Bee Journal for one year will receive a copy of Newman's 160 page "Baes and Honey" free. The old American Bee Journal is great this year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee JournaHree. Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 1897. Circulation 5,000. Devoted exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Israel, Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. HELLO! Do you want some good pure bred POULTRY? We can furnish you EGGS FOR HATCH-' I N G from fine White Wonder fowls, K. C. B. Leg- horns, B. P. Rocks, Partridge Cochins; S. L., Gold- en and Black Wyandottes, Toulouse Geese, Rouen Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want something good send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, Itf The Eureka Poultry Farm, Established 19 years. Hamburg, Wis. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S. BEGINNERS. should have a copy of The Amateur Eee-keeper, a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "It is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price 24 cents; by mail 28 cents. The little book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, (a live, progressive, 28 page monthly journal,) one year for 65c. Apply to any first-class dealer, or address LEAHY MFG- CO., HigginsvUle, Mo. The CRITERION. SI. 00 per year. 10 cents a copy. The best illustrated monthly magazine of the kind published. Its pages are filled by a brilliant array of writers and artists. Its authoritative and independent re- views of books, plays, music and art: its clever stories, strong special articles, humor and verse, with fine illustrations, make it a necessity in every intelligent home. The very low subscription price — $1.00 per year — puts it within the reach of all. Reliable agents wanted in every town. Extra- ordinary inducements. Write for particulars. A trial subscription will prove it. Write to-day for sample copy. Criterion Publication Co., Subscription Dept. 41 E. 21st St., N.Y. City. 4, 4t. eom CLUBBING LIST. We will send The American Bbe-keeper with the — PRICE BOTH American Bee Journal f 1 00 $1 35 Bee-keepers' Review 1 00 1 ;<5 Canadian Bee Journal 1 00 1 35 Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 00 1 35 American Queen 50 60 Modern Culture 1 00 1 00 BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long experience, should have at least one good text book upon the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee-keeping. In ordering by mail be sure to add the amount of postage named: Postage Price, extra. A B C of Bee Culture extra fine, while the editor of the American Bte Journal tells us that he has good repons from our queens from time to time. We have files upon files of un- solicited testimonials. After considering above evidence, need you wonder that our orders have increased each year? G.ve us a trial order and be pleased i we have had years of experience in rearing an 1 mailing queens: safe delivery wilf be guaranteed; instruc- tions for introducing sent with each lot of queens. Price before July 1st: '^ I ' ^" Warranted Stock - - * T.i *4 25 ?8 00 Selected Warranted - - 1 00 5 00 9 50 Tested - - - - 1 50 8 00 15 00 Selected Tested - - 2 00 10 50 Extra selectet tested, the best money can buy, $t.CO each. FOLDING CARTONS with your address printed on in two colors, $i per 1,000; 500, $2.75 H. C. QUIRIN, Parkertown. Ohio. 4 tit (Parkertown is now a Money Order Office.) NEVER NEGLECT A GOLD OR COUGH Neglect a Cold or Coush and if La Grippe don't net you. Consumption will. CtrsHMAN'S I]VHAL,ER curep ciilils and nil diseases of the breath- ( way piis-iuges. You losedolln's in ddc- tor bills in not keepingCX'SEMAN'S INII.ILF.R h.indy to drive off a eoltpaid. Lamberfs Belgian Hare Record Book ; price 40 cents postpaid. Pedigree blanks, six generations, 3.5 cents per dozen, postpaid. Star F'rinting' Co., ^2t 219 East Court Street, JacksonwilleJII , ([^"Look for a half-page adv't with a big ' $35." for a starter; read, ponder, write, act and profit. CANADIAN POULTRY NEIWS, A live up-to-date, 16-page inoiithiy devoted to poultry, pigeons and pet stock; con- tains much useful informa- tion as well as general Cana- dian Poultry News. Sub- scription only 30 cents a year, advertising rates very low. Send 30 cents at once and get the Annual Illustrated Christmas Number, of twenty pages, in colors, before the edition is run out. Don't send American stamps, please. Address ROBT. R- CAMERON, Publisher Canadian Poultry News, i2-t;t Owen Sound, Ont , Can. Pigeon Flying! The leading, brightest and best authority on Homing Pigeons in America. Charles H. Jones, Editor and Publisher, 10 So. Broad St., Philadelphia. Sole Manufacturer of National Association bands, also initial, seamless and open bands for dragoons, carriers and all kinds of toy pigeons — Aluminum Seamless bands for Homers and Toys - - - - *2 50 per 100 Aluminum Seamless bands for Dra- goons and Carriers - - - 15 0t IN Poultry If properly attended to there is much money in raising poultry. Learn how to do it right. Get the experience of old successful breeders and find a sure way of becoming inde- pendent by subscribing for Poultry Culture, the best edited and most up-to-date poultry magazine in America. Subscription price only fifty cents a year. Address Poultry Culture Co., KANSAS ( .ITY, MO. The only strictly agricultural paper published in this State. The only agricultural paper published every week. It goes to every post office in State of Tennessee and to many offices in Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It is the official organ of the Agricul- tural Department of Tennessee and Live Stock Commission. Subscrip- tion $Loo per year in advance. Tennessee Farmer Pnh. Co., Nasltville, Tenii. MU. W. S. HAUT. [See page iU.J Vol. XI Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. MAY, 1901 No. 5 EXTRACTED HONEY. Advantages of Artificial Curing Explained — An Expedient System of Treatment Described — A Very Interesting Article. BY W. S. HAKT AS is well known by the older- readers of the bee-journals who have read my writings for the past twenty-five years, I am a thorough believer in the; curing of extracted honey after it is taken from the hive, both as a means of securing a more uni- formly high-grade article and as a means of largely increasing the crop. With a view to the further development of means to this end through exciting an interest in the active mind^ of the younger generation of apiarists, I here give a brief state ment of my processes, their results and my conclusions. For some years I exposed the honey to the full heat of the sun by placing it in large tanks, painted black, covered with fine tinned wire netting and placed on trucks that ran on an iron track, leading outside the honey-house onto a long platform. These tanks were run out hot days and housed at night, and served their purpose fairly well. They had drawbacks, however, such as requir- ing a close watch on the weather and the necessity of being at hand to trundle them under cover in case of rain; their limited capacity ; their lia- bility to overflow when moved etc. To obviate these troubles I built a room ad- joining the honey-house, covered it with glass and put in an evaporator made of tin, in which the honey ran slowly from' side to side in a thin stream four inches wide, a distance of about 110 feet, under the full heat of the summer sun. My ex- tracting is done in the second story of the honey-house. The faucet of the extractor is over one end of a tank of about thirteen hundred pounds" capacity, into which the honey is strained. Through a faucet in the bottom of this tank the honey is allowed to run to the evapora- tor in any sized stream desired. Beneath the evaporator is a like tank on trucks, resting on tracks so that it can be rolled to where the honey can be run from a faucet at the bottom of the tank directly into barrels or cans, as desired. This arrangement has a far greater capacity for handling honey rapidly in quantities than the other and its workings have proven to be fairly satisfactory during my experience of the past sixteen years of its use. The least I can say of it is that it is the best arrangement that I have yet seen and has, I am sure, brought me some hundreds of dollars through enabling me to safely take up my honey and extract it when one-third capped, thereby saving much of the labor of extracting as well as the ex- pense of the bees clustering for many hours in the hive at the height of the honey-tlow to secrete wax that requires from twelve to twenty times more of 83 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER May honey in weight than wax secreted, to be eaten by the bees, for its production, and at the same time get a more tlior- oughly cured product than is usually obtained by leaving it in the hive until full. Take notice in a good honey-flow and see if it does not require about the same time to put the last half pound of honey in a comb and cap it that it does to gather and store the other four, five or more pounds that a Langstroth comb will hold hung two inches from center to center. By the method described I am given three diflferent processes of curing and two of selection and clarify- ing. Bear in mind that honey in bulk arranges itself according to its density: The heaviest goes to the bottom while the lighter and thinner goes to the top, and with it all particles of wax or other light foreign substances. First. By drawing only from the bottom of the tank I get the heaviest honey while the light remains in the tank to cure, or until the end of the flow, when there is plenty of time to run it slowly through the evaporator and put it in the condition desired. Second. That drawn off runs through the evaporator and is there further re- lieved of its water ; and, Third. The heaviest of this is barrelled off from the bottom of the lower tank while the lighter, at the top, gets the benefit of the heat of the room and the current of air constantly passing over it. It if claimed by some that honey can- not be cured outside the hive so that it will be equal in body, color and flavor to that left for the bees to finish. This is surely a mistake, as any one can easily learn by a thorough test of the process that 1 practice and advocate. Some kinds of honey, both North and South. have a tendency to ferment and often do so even when left in the hive aftfu- being fully capped over. It is not very unusual to (ind combs in the hive, in the faH, covered with great blisters formed by gas from fermenting honey having pushed up the capping over spots an inch or more square. I have seen crops of forty, fifty or more barrels with a wire nail driven into each barrel; this nail to be withdrawn each day to let the gas escape and then re- placed. These were in apiaries where the bees were depended upon to cure the honey, while in my own honey-room not even a puff could.be heard upon the re- moval of a bung from any of the hun- dred barrels that it contained. Fermented honey may be best for bakers and manufacturers who require the raw acid for its chemical actiou, but such buyers purchase in large quantities at low figures. For high-priced table honey, smoothness and richness of fla- vor is desired, and this is only found in heavy, sound honey. Besides these observations of the com- parative action of honies I have many times tested with a hvdrometer my own honey, artificially cured, and that cured by the bees in other apiaries, and never yet found mine to register lighter than the best of the latter. As to color, I have left white honey in my evaporator until it would wind up on a spoon to the size of a goose-egg, and still it was white, with hardly a trace of cloudiness to show its greater density. If honey is dark the color may deepen a' little, but not sufficiently to change its price or classifi'-ation. It takes a high temjieraiure to materially darken the color of honey. In the evaporator it never gets so hot that you cannot bear a finger in it for several seconds. A great deal of theory and many wild state- ments, nearly all based on theory, have found their way into print concerniuii the impossibility of securing that per- fection of flavor by artificial means that is given to honey by the bees. A single practical test will ofttimes show the fallacy of volumes of theories, and so it is here. I have never found a person who could, with any degree of certainty, tell which of two samples of well cured | 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 83 honey was cured by bees. I grant that many think they can do this until they try it, but repeated trials Avill embarrass the best of them. I cannot learn that there is anything in this curing process, after the honey is once stored, to result in smoothness or fine flavor except the simple elimination of surplus water before it starts fermentation. Let fer- mented honey partly granulate, drain out the thin liquid part, then melt the rest, and the smoothness and flavor of new honey is to a great extent restored. I have yet to learn that chemical analysis shows a difference in honies equally cured by the two methods, and this it should do if the bees add to or take from it any property or substance other than water. Just what increase to expect from art- ificial curing is hard to state, but, in line of evidence, my crops for the past twenty- tive years as compared with those of other skillful bee-keepers of this neigh- borhood, working under like conditions, may give some hint, though other mat- ters necessarily enter into the calcula- tion. Honey may be artificially cured in several ways. When the sun"s heat is not sufficient, hot water under the evaporator is a fine substitute, or several sheets of tin arranged to slant alter- nately each way, one above another, and so arranged that the honey flows over them in a thin film and falls from each to the one beneath, the whole ap- paratus being located in a good current of dry air, may, perhaps, be made fully effective. I am of the impression that a tank ten or twelve feet deep — the deeper the better — would serve a good purpose in securing well-cured, clean honey where it is left longer in the hive. There is almost always some light honey at ex- tracting time, this would come to the top and, under a cover of glass and wire net, would rapidly cure, after being skimmed, if the tank was built where the sun could reach it. As soon as your honey is cured, cover it, air tight. Hawks Park, Fla., Apr. 1, 1901. INTRODUCING QUEENS. Some Interesting Experiments and Theories Relating to the Fasting Method. BY ARTHUR C. MILLER SOMEBODY— never mind who, for I have forgotten — who has a faculty for saying clever things, once wrote: "What's the use of knowing things when so much we know isn't so ?" And if there is any remark that fits the general knowledge about bees better than that, I have yet to hear of it. They do most always go contrariwise. Make beautiful experiments, obtain wonderful results, write glowing descriptions, then try to do them over again and you will wish you never knew how to write. This very uncertainty is what gives apiculture such a charm — yes, even to those who are in it only for dollars and cents, for it keeps them wide awake. As there is never an effect without a cause, so is there always a reason for the seeming contrariness of the bees. The conditions, though apparently alike, are not the .'•ame; and of no part of api- culture is this more true than of queen introducing. To-day we actually know almost nothing of the true cause of suc- cess or failure in this branch of the pur- suit. A lot of queens are put in and all are accepted. Why ? Another lot are put in in the same way, and most all are lost. Why ? We don't know. Few of us have the patience or time to search for the cause, and so we go blindly on from season to season, wasting hun- dreds of dollars just for want of knowledge of the "why." Theories are of value only as they make a basis for experiments until their truth or falsity is established. Here is a theory on queen-introducing which I have partly tested, but have not yet proved beyond doubt : The queen's attitude governs her i-eception. If she goes to tl?em as a suppliant, humble and hungry, she is accepted without ques- tion ; if she goes forth with regal mein, or hurried and fearful, there is a 84 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Mitij tragedy. Every season 1 introduce more or less queens and always try the new ways as they are brought out. but I have yet to find a simple one that is more uniformly successful tiian that of Mr. Samuel Simmins of England, called by liim the fasting method. I have used it for many years; it fits my theory and iny theory fits it, beautifully. Briefly it is: Confine the queen alone and witliout food for thirty minutes, meantime keep- ing her warm, and then Ift her run in under the mat. preceded and followed by a puflf of smoke. This is done at night. His instructions are to always use a fresh receptacle for each queen, or use a metal cage and scald it after each use. On the theory that the bees detect the foreign odor of an alien queen, this should not be necessary; because the mixed odors would form a blend approaching the general odor of all colonies. I believe the true reason for the necessity of de- odorizing the cage is that otherwise, the (jueen detecting the seeming presence or nearness of a rival, is angered or at least is put on the defensive so that when liberated she enters the colony in a spirit of hostility which is greater even tlian her hunger. Let us analyze this system. The bees where the queen is to enter and who were put on the defensive by the open- ing of the hive, are frightened and driven back a little by the smoke. The queen, who is too hungry to be much disturbed by this, walks quietly and directly in just as if she belonged there, puts out her tongue for food, is given it. and prestol she is at home. As a matter of fact the queen gets very little of the smoke, for only a puff is used and the rapid fanning of the bees drives it out (|uickly. You miy ask how I reconcile my theory with cases of colonies that have .killed many queens, no matter l)y what other plan they wen; put in. ' I venture to assert that by her delicati; sense . organs ithe queen detects the general .disturbed and hostile state of the bees and it causes fear on her part ; the rest follows in natural sequence. In almost, ' if not quite all, animal creation, hunger overcomes timidity, and we know that by this fasting method queens can be readily introduced to the most obstinate; colonies. We also know that the queen is highly developed and of acute nervous sensitivLMiess. Last sea-;3ii was paiticn- larly unfavorable for all apicultural work — heat, drought, with high winds and very little honey at any time, combined to produce conditions which would try the merits of any system, and under these conditions the '"fasting method"" was uniformly succi^sful, while many of the other and more commonly advised plans were not. One clause attached to almost all rules for indroducing queens is this : "Do not disturb the colony for two or more days after the queen is put in.'" Why ? Be- cause the queen will disappear. Why ? Frankly, I don't know. I believe, how- ever, that it is because the queen, not having got well to laying, and not feel- ing at home, gets frightened — the bees do the rest. When queens are intro- duced by the " fasting method " I find it is safe to handle the colonies sooner than when they are put in by most any other plan. To those who read my article in the April Bee-kekper on "Shipping Queens" it may seem that the fasting necessary i under this system would prove harmful j to the queens. To those which have been confined to a shipping cage for one or more days, it could add no further injury, and to those taken fresh from a colony, the period of fast- ing is too short to be hurtful. By the way, be sure and clip all your queens. It keeps them from going off to enrich some other fellow, avoids the necessity of hard climbing aftirr swarms; but above all, it is the nicest kind of a way to keep track of the age of the que(;ns. A different cut for different y(>ars, and at a glance you know the facts; any supersedure is instantly de- 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 85 tooted and a lost written record makes no tiouble. Now. do not grab at this iiiti'oducing inelhod as infallible, and if it fails blame me ; for bees go contrariwise most always, and the circumstances of local- ity ct cetera, alter cases. As for my theory, you may pepper It with experi- ments just as I intend to continue to do, and I believe it will prove to be correct; but if later I lay it quietly away, don't say things to me. Providence. R. I., April, 1901. [How about virgin queens, Mr. Miller? Does your own or Mr. Simmins' experi- ments extend to them '? Have you ever tried the fasting method upon eitlier laying or virgin queen-* introduced imme- diately upon the removal of the mother? Why " at night ? " Have practical tests actually proven the nocturnal shades to be an advantage ? Some of our own ex- perience has left a very decided convic- tion that at night may not be the besture coming in contact with it, the bright, shiny surface of this varnish becomes dull and full of very fine cracks and holes so that both moisture and air pass through it very much as does the air and moisture from the human body on a zero night, when we are snugly tucked up in our wollen blankets and comforters. One other item and I will bring this huigthy article to a close ; for this has much to do with the lasting qualities of an unpainted hive. Nearly all bee- keepers here at the North now winter all single-walled hives in the cellar, so that the winter rains and storms do not touch the hives. Then all practical, far- seeing bee-keepers use a shade-board in the summer to shii^ld the hive from the direct rays of the sun, so that the heat shall not drive the bees from the sections and brood-combs on hot days, to the outside of the iiive. And, to be as it sliould be, this shade-board should be impervious to water. Those I use are covered with tin. When housed during winter and covered by a proper shade- l)(»ard during the time they are out door, such a tiling as the soaked hive Brother Miller alludes to, is out of the question. Now. understanding things in their true liglit, I am willing to allow eacli the privilege of doing as they think best r(>- garding this paint question, when using single-walled hives. Borodino, N.Y.. March, lUOl. AN UP-TO-DATE WAX EXTRACTOR. Something of the Construction and Use of the Machine which Represents the Highest Achievements in the Science of Rendering Beeswax. BY C. G. FEUUIS. LACK of space prevents our showing a large half-tone repre-jenting six cords of combs cut from the frames, piled up and then photographed, show- ing the result of what is known as black- brood, pickled-brood or foul-brood becoming mixed in among the lot. The combs have been accumulating for the past twenty-five year-*, ;i nd have been used in producing extracte 1 honey exclus- ively. To eradicate this disease and transform this huge pile of combs into choice wax, as is shown in No. 7, I call your attention to my large three-basket Combination Steam Wax-extractor, as shown in No. ~'. This machine is made "Negloct i.s the rock on which many bee- keepers have wrecked their success."" No. 2.— TnuKE-BAsivEr E.VTKAeron. to take one or more long, narrow baskets (see No. 4) on the same princicle as frames that we use in our hives. By being made in this manner tin frames of comb can be put directly into the basket in clusters, or handfuls. of six each, without breaking or otiun'wise changing them. Another advantage of this construction is that the live steam has a better chance to penetrate than if made to hold eight or ten. A WOl THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 89 haskt^t holding four frames of comb oil this principle would be rendered quicker than the one holding eight or six; and the advantage would be in the lighior basket, taking into consideration th(^ handling — lifting in and out of extractor. The first basket in three- basket extractor (No. 3) has been cut away to show the follower and press in position. After using until the refuse becomes objectionable, or after we have put in about sixty ordinary combs, put on the follower as shown in No. 3 at 14, adjust the screw and holder, at 11, and give the pressure desired. On a test of sixty-four combs, badly worm-eaten and heavy with pollen. I secured the following result : Carefully steamed out nine pounds of wax. Pressure applied and pressed out under steam, eight pounds, fourteen ounces. Any one can -clo the same un- der the same conditions. Follower, screw and bar can easily be released and are removed when combs are being rendered. Two motions place them ready for use and the same remove them from position when not needed. Four baskets should be used with this ma- chine; as, while one or more are taken to be cleaned, the extra one takes its place, so the rendering can be carried on indefinitely. pS^3!!^ out of cappings. As they accumulate they are to be put into the baskets and when full pressure is applied, forcing the honey rapidly out without any dis- coloration whatever. Longitudinal section, No. 3, shows the machine cut through the center, ap- parently. Fig. 1 shows the extension handles for handling ; Figs. 2, (5 and 7, steam and odor escape to the stove : at 8 and 9, water supplied to tank ; .'), drip-pan; 13, refuse; 14, follower; 11. iron bar and screw; 13, basket; 15, re- lease of bar from basket. No. 3.— Longitudinal. This extractor can also be used to great advantage in pressing the honey No. i.— Baskkt. The baskets are made in a most sub- stantial way of extra heavy galvanized wire cloth, all in one piece, united and soldered to heavy galvanized band-iron at the ends. All are interchangeable and self-spacing — as much so as the frames in our hives. AA shows the holes in one end for receiving press; see Longitudinal, 11. The wax cakes as they appear after coming from the extractor are all sizes and all shapes, due largely to the ample water supply used in rendering. We now scrape all sediment from the bottom of the cakes and clean the tin buckets by placing them in the oven of the stove long enough to get them piping hot, then with a clean piece of burlap they are easily wiped clean. This is important, as the wax will not be clean should the buckets be dirty. By a very simple contrivance, as here shown in No. 6, and more fully illustrat- ed in No. S. we take these irregular cakes of wax above referred to, and. 90 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Ml 111 ^^ ,I^ATEmi]{](:MI.18:]^' Xf'. after cleaning out the baskets we a«;ain prepare as for rendering wax. Arrange the refiner, as shown in No. 1. and clean buckets so the vvax flows througli refiner to bucket, 3. When this bucket is full it should be taken away and another put in its place. Wax in irregular cakes sliould be put direct into the baskets and run rapidly into buckets of uniform shape, as shown in No. (3, Fig. 3. Cool- No. 6.— Wax Kefinek VVoukixg. ing bodies contract, so after filling the buckets full evenly do not try to empty them of wax until they cool sufBciently to almost drop out, as they will .after a time. The results are shown in No. 7 in regular size cakes of wax ready for ^_ crating. !■ While rendering this pile of combs. ™ many of them were white drone-combs and new foundation that never had been i No. 7.— Wax Ready fok C'ijatini;. 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 91 brooded In. Those were put to one side witli the intention of having a choice quality of wax made separately. When all had been run throujrh the wax re- NO. 8.— Kefixkk. finer I could tind no difference between the two lots. This is sufficient to show its value in cleansing wax. It is also safer in these days of different kinds of diseased brood-combs to give our wax a double dose of live steam. South Columbia, N.Y. "Every apiarist should take and read at least one bee-journal." Bee Stings and Rheumatism. Sec. Russell, of the Worcester County (Mass.) 'Btie-keepers' Association, sends the following newspaper clipping, with reference to which he says: "Dr. Mackie has seventy-two colonies, is a practicing physician and horticulturist. In May he expects to go abroad to visit apiaries etc.:" " The sting of the bee is not a cure for rheumatism." This was the positive statement made yesterday afternoon by Dr. George Mackie of Attleboro. at the meeting of the Worcester Bee-keepers' Association, in the library of Horti- cultural Hall. This is in direct contra- diction of a statement made by Dr. C. F. Hodge, of Clark University some time ago. and on which there has been con- siderable discussion throughout the country. Dr. Mackie is not only a bee raiser, but a professional man as \veU, and has had a long experience with bees. "It is a very common thing," he adds, '• for bee raisers, men who are continually being stung l)y bees, to be sufferei's from rheumatism."' "Successful apiculture demands close and accurate observation and hard and con- tinuous thought and study." MR. W. S. HART. [See Frontispiece]. IT is always a pleasure to note the success of an honorable race in life's industrial competition. If the suc- cess has been achieved by one whose ef- forts and ambition have been parallel with our own. and the winner has in- variably maintained a courteous and brotherly deportment toward others in the same field, the pleasure is greatly augmented. In this light does The American Bee- keeper regard the subject of this very brief sketch — Mr. W. S. Hart — who has contributed so instructively to the col- umns of this number of The Bee- keeper ; and we are pleased to be per- mitted to present a good photo-engrav- ing of Mr. Hart herewith, taken within the last month or so. Not unlike most men who have won success in life. Mr. Hart is reluctant in speaking of himself and his achieve- ments. The editor, however, having had a long personal acquaintance with him. is fortunate in the possession of much information concerning his ca- reer, and in accordance with our usual custom, shall make use of some of this information, by way of introducing our esteemed contributor. After completing a course at a Boston Commercial college, Mr. Hart began business life in a wholesale dry goods house of that city, and later was like- wise employed in some of the largest es- tablishments of St. Paul and Kansas City. In 1875 he came to Florida to engage in orange growing. He soon recognized in bee-keeping the oppor- tunity to acquire the necessary money to consummate his plans ; and he has 92 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER May not been disappointed in the results of his judgment and efforts in that direc- tion, as he has to-day several of the handsomest and most profitable groves on the east coast of Florida, as well as one of the most profitable apiaries on the coast. Mr. Hart lost all his vi^orldly posses- sions by fire on the way to Florida, and had, therefore, to begin empty-handed in a new and strange country — a city boy among strangers, far beyond the limits of railways and where ''beasts of the forests " were far more numerous than human beings. In former years Mr. Hart was quite a prolific writer, and as a result of his many valued contributions to the press, as well IS his official connection with or- ganized bee-keepers and horticulturists, both state and national, his name is yet familiar to the older readers of apicul- tural and horticultural periodicals. It is to be regretted that his fruit-growing interests so fully demand his time as to compel him to allow the old pen to rust; but when he does find a leisure hour with which to favor his favorite periodicals, his readers know tliat the subject is handled by one eminently qualified to speak. Mr. Hart's honey crops have been uni- formly large, but upon one or two occasions they have been exceedingly large. In 1884, from eighty-eight colonies, spring count, he secured 33,000 pounds of extracted honey ; while in 1894 he took from 116 colonies twenty and a half tons — filling 101 barrels. We believe Mr. Hart is at present treasurer of the Florida State Horticul- tural Society and has served the same Association as secretary for several terms. His official connection with the American Pomological Society, the National Bee-keepers' Association and several other state, national and county organizations, together with his (ex- tensive practical experience, in both branches of his business, and a studious disposition which seeks to account sci- entifically for causes and effects, have fairly won the distinguished position which his name now occupies among the universal authorities upon matters pertaining to his respective lines of research and practice. Mr. Hart is a native of the Granite State: still in the forties ; a member of the Masonic fraternity, and at present W. Master of New Smyrna Lodge; a local light in municii>al affairs; a highly j respected citizen ; unmarried ; one of the world's most practical and well- ] informed apiarists ; a gentleman whom ] we esteem it an honor to know, and a j true friend of The Amekican Bee- j KEEPER. "Each colony of bees requires but very little attention and care. Our every interest demands that this be not denied." VUEP:XI.ESSNES8 — a large NlMliEK OF DIFFICULT CASES — HOW SHOULD THEV BE TREATED ? Marchant, Fla., March 2(i, 1901. Bro. Hill — Tell me " what to do and how to be happy while doing it."' I am confronted with a condition and nut a theory ; and, being but a 7x9 bee-man, I am not able to make matters :ver be afraid that any new kink or idea is too good for tlie readers of T ii e Bee-keeper. — Ed.] A LETTER FKOM CANADA. Chard, Ont., Apr. 15, I'.tOl. Editor American Bee-kekpek: Only on one previous occasion have I taken up the pen to drop in on you and yours, and as that article never saw the light of day, I expect this will fare the same, at least it should, as this is an uninvited guest while the other was sent on a special invitation. However, everybody knows that an editor needs, and most assuredly has, a good big waste-basket, to chuck the refuse into, and most likely feels like chucking some of his numerous scribblers into the same basket. Now, as fate or fortune has it, 1 live in the cold, stormy North (but not in Alaska); it is Eastern Ontario a land usually in summer flowing with milk and honey; but in winter, oh!— well, it is quite the reverse, as you can see by the dates of my put- ting my bees in cellar: October 2'.l, 11)00, 102 colo- nies, and set them back on their summer stands, April 12, liiOl, with a loss of only two colonies; not too bad after so long a confinement. They came out in good shape—brood in all stages— and now three line, warm days in succession gives them a grand chance to clean up. Through the columns of your valuable journal I wish to acknowledge receipt of letters from a great many bee-keepers in Florida, who extended to me so many hearty invitations to visit them at their homes in Florida during the past few months. It was my intention to have spent the winter in the Sunny South; but, having sickness in my house- hold, it was impossible for me to leave my home for any length of time. Perhaps at some future date I may have the great pleasure of visiting my brother and sister bee-keepers in Florida. Faithfully yours, W. J. Buown. P. S.— Long live The .American Bee-keeper! W. J. B. A.SSOCIATIONS, PARALYSIS, ETC. Plainville, Conn., Apr. 16,11)01. Editor Hill, Dear Sir: I am a practical bee- keeper, but a member of no association as yet, but am thinking^Of joining two, i. e., the ''onnccticut Hee-keepers' Association and tlie Nationiil Bee- keepers' Association. But am I to underst/uid that any one can join the latter Association by simply sending one dollar with nothing to show what kind of a man he i.s .' I should think that some would b? desirable members and that some would not. As for my own part, I have little to gain by joining an association ot bee-keepers, and that is the reason why £ have not yet joined the one in this State; but I am bsginningto think that a mistaken way of reasoning, so 1 shall do what 1 can in my own State and elsewhere to get people to improve their methods of bee-cnlture. My neighbors will not improve their methods; and yet they have only one-third the bees they had four years ago. when I began bee-keeping, while I have one-third more and have secured enough sur- plus honey to make the business profitable. I be- lieve that bee-culture can be made to pay a good profit in almost any locality, and in ordinary seasons when thoroughly mastered; but I believe that it has been thus mastered by only a very few. It seems to me strange that Mr. O. O. Poppleton should suffer as he has from bee-paralysis I never had but one case, and cured that, and believe I could cure any other case, even if it involved several colonies. I find that success depends on a few things, i. e., the kind of bees one keeps; the ability to winter in such a way that the colonies will be strong in young, healthy bees when springcomes; the ability to keep bees free from disease; the ability to sell our honey at a good price. All these things I have succeeded in, else I could not say the business paid. Yours truly, D. B. Norton. [To become a member of the National Bee-keep- ers' Association it is necessary only to send one dollar to Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa, witli a request tliat you be enrolled upon the mem- bership list of the .Association. Every man who is sufiiciently interested in the welfare of our indus- try to send the dollar, is a desirable member. No one wiil do so who has not the interest of the fra- ternity at heart. The Association will welcome your name; do not delay in sending it in. A single case of paralysis is insufficient to afford much ac((uaintance with the disease. Should you be so unfortunate as to have further acquaint- ance with the disease, it is not improbable tliat you would find it more difficult to combat. A single ease is liable to cure itself almost any day. A teaspqonful of warm water given night and morning for several days will sometimes be found to be a ready remedy for the trouble; but it is a peculiarity of the malady that if you fail to give the remedy, the disease is as liable to disap- pear as where the treatment is continued. Some- times, however, any amount of doctoring fails to cure. It is doubtful if ever tliere was a case of gen- uine paralysis in your State, Mr. Norton; it takes the Soiith to produce the "real thing." — Ed.] Corona, Cal., April 4, IS)01. Friend Hill: The I'arniolans are still ahead in spite of their great enemies — Messrs. Doolittle and Hutchinson. I have one colony in an eight- frame hive that filled a twenty-four section siijicr in February, and the fourth one was put on the 27th ot .Miirch. They are now ready for the fifth. This colony was made by division one year ago, they rearing their own (|ueen. The Italians have, some ot them, one sujier filled. 1 would like very much to know of a colony of bees with an Italian mother, having beaten the record so far. of this Alpine beauty. I also have several colonies of Cypro- (iiniiolans that ]iromise to be great honey- gatherers. I am rather disappointed in findiijg tlieni very gentle to handle. I desired them for an out-apiary and to be vicious stingers. The (jueens 1901 rHE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 95 of this cross are very prolific. At the close of the season I will tell you more of these bee8. Truly yours, H. M. Jameson. "To prove that bees can hear is easy, but to determine the location of the organ is more difficult." A Letter from Deacon Hardscrabble. Dear Brother Hill: " No thing is so perverse in nature As a profound opinionator."" And in the face of that yon ask that I write to you of my opinions of the "boys.'" their sayings and their doings. Franlvly, now, do you think it right to rout me from my innocuous desuetude to talk of otlier people's doings? And suppose they do not like it, just think how the old deacon will catch it ! Suppose I should get as reckless as that persistent Doctor who is trying to build a straw stack which no sooner is well started than the very foundations are Rooted from under it. Suppose, again, that I should speak my thoughts in epigi'ams, then would .somebody Hasty-ly say that I was After Thoughts of his. If I chanced to get drowsy at my work, they would call me a Somnambulist, and if I went to the other extreme and let flow a torrent of words, he of the Windy City would say I had usurped his prerogative, and Wax Hot and Cool Slowly. Should I write my thoughts in Dolly Dialogues and get prosy, then should I Do Little that would be of value to you. Perhaps, after all, I had better confine myself to the Home Circle ; but should I do that the Cook would revolt. Fact is, the more I think of it, the less I think of it. However, I will think of it at great- er length and let you hear from me again. I have been much exercised this spring by some "(xolden Italians" which, from the quickness of their operation must be some sort of (xolden Zones. Calling them Itdiians is enough to make (Jaribaldi rise from his grave. They are naught but the crossest kind of Syrians. What a mint of money the bee-keepers are throwing away on queens each year I They certainly are fond of hnm-bugs. Rambler even asks to be taken in. I wonder if any of the queen-raisers can produce bees with tongues as remarkable as their own ? That scheme of Rambler's to have a little club of bee-keepers employ a man to raise their queens for them from stock of their own selection, seems worth con- sidering; but it were well for him to be careful how he advocates it, or some Southland Queen will be throwing Chunk Honey at him. What think you of the Triplets as they appear in tiie March Review f Sweet, aren't they? Only H. looks a trifle frightened. I surmise he does not like that end of the camera. He is only being done as he has done others, so he must not complain. Some day I should like to write to you of the systems of the Swarthy Moor ; but there is something in the set of that jaw which reminds me of the late Sage of Gramercy Park, and I hesitate. I wonder if his "pointed" way of holding queens has anything to do with it ? Here is something to remind you of old times. Mary has been cooing around wanting me to drop my writing and go somewhere with her. She asked me to whom I was writing, and when I told her, she went off singing, "There is a Green Hill, " etc., and in reply to my remonstrance said : "Oh, never mind. Papa, he is not so green as he looks." Let this suftice until some future day. Yours as ever, John Hardsckabble. "The bee-keeper who understands the language of bees can turn it to his advantage." "The tickle, careless, indolent man will as surely fail in bee-keeping as in any other calling." 96 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER May CONVENTION NOTICE. Editor American Bee-keepeb: Many inquiries have been received by the Executive (!ommittee of the National Bee-keepers" Association regarding the time and place for holding the next convention of the Association. The reply has generally been that Buffalo, N.Y.. would be the place of meeting; but until this morning (April 17th) the date of meeting has not been settled upon. On March 2 the Secretary of the American Pomo- logical Society wrote President Root in part as follows: "As bee-keepers and fruit-growers have many interests in common which could be considered and discussed with mutual profit, our Executive Committee has instructed me to extend to your Association a cordial invitation to hold a joint meeting at some time during our session, the exact time to be decided later by correspondence. At this meeting we would siiegest tliat the sub- jects of discussion center round the general topic of the mutual relations of bee-keeping and fruit- growing, . . which can be briefly treated by speakers selected in advance from among our prominent bee-men and fruit-men, . . in order that a better understanding of these mutual rela- tions may be reached. . . It has been suggested that a considerable portion of fruit-growers do not yet appreciate the preponderance of the benefit de- rived. It is felt that a full public discussion of the subject would, therefore, result in good to both industries." Realizing, as the Executive Committee did, that this was a golden opportunity for presenting the bee-keepers' side of the subject to the represjnta- tive men of the fruit-growing industry, the invita- tion of the Pomological Society was at once accept- ed by the Com-uittee in behalf of the As.sociatioh. We have had to delay the fixing of the date for our Convention until the Pomological Society had fi-xed their time of meeting. Our Convention will be held on the lOth, 11th and lith of Sei)teniber next, comuiencing on Tuesday evening the lOtli. We were at first undecided as to place of meet- ing, hoping that the G. A. R. would mtet at Den- ver, Col. : but when it decided to meet at Cleve- land, and we received the invitation of the Pomo- logical Society, we felt that we ought not to miss such a splendid chance to enlighten some of them on the relation of bees to horticulture; and, by meeting at Buffalo, the York State and Canadian bee-keepers would be witliin easy reach of the place ot meeting; so we at once fixed on Buffalo as ihe most desirable place. It has been decided not to have any papers or essays, but to rely wholly on the question-box to bring out the best and most important matters for discussion, so that any one not being able to be at the Convention, having any qu3stion O' questions they may wish to have discussed, can send them to the Secretary at any time. The Committee has taken the liberty to request the Secretary of the Ontario Bee-keepers' Associa- tion to ask tlie members of that .Association who may attend the meeting at Buffalo, to bring their badges with them and wear them at our sessions, whether they are members of our Association or not, so that we may feel more as one, and know who our progressive neighbors are. Information regarding place of meeting, enter- tainment and railroad rates will be given as soon as decided upon. Don't be in a hurry about secur- ing a sleeping-place during the Convention. There is plenty of time, and later on better rates can be secured: but if you are in a hurry, write to the Young Men's Christian Association and don't be bled by " sharks." A. B. Mason, Sec, Sta. B, Toledo, O. PtrBI..ISHED MONTHLY BY THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Ebitor. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies 85 cts. ; 3 copies, $1.20 ; all to be sent to one postofflce. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; :?2. 00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per cent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. I^"Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The American Bee keeper. Falconer, N.Y. l^" Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. fW Subscribers receiving their pai>er in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with this number. VVe hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. iW A red wrapper on your paper indicates tliat you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. "Attend conventions whenever distance and means render this possible." "Enthusiasm is very desirable, if not an absolute requisite to successful apiculture." Mr. A. J. Burns, of Black Moun- tain, Cal., writes encouragingly of the prospects for a honey-crop in his section of the State — San Diego County. Taking all things into considera- tion, Mr. Doolittle has decided that he prefers to live and keep bees in New York State rather than Ar- kansas; and has therefore returned to the old stand. 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER t»7 It is our rare pi'ivilege this month to have a case of measles against which to charge any editorial shortcomings. Under favorable conditions suc- cess is easy; but it takes pluck and energy to transform adverse condi- tions into something which will contribute to our success. Any one having copies to spare of the January and February num- bers, current volume American Bee- keeper, will oblige us by returning them to the publishers We will advance your subscription three months for each one. The Canadian Bee Journal, in its March number says that reports of indoor wintering continue favor- able; but that the bees wintered outside have had "a pretty stilf winter," and that they have had no fly since early in December. In an unpublished communication now in hand, the author intimates that if queen-breeders could pro- duce bees with tongues approximat- incr the lenarth of the would-be vendor's tongue, there would be no difficulty about their reaching nec- tar— well, say, in the bottom of a churn. When a queen- breeder offers as his greatest inducement to buyers to send out queens from a mother valued at fifty, one hundred, two hundred, five hundred or a thousand dollars, he should be regarded with suspicion. If he is not a fakir pure and simple, he is not what he ap- pears to be in the eyes of the honest business world. L. L. Skaggs, in /Southland Queen, admonishes his readers to not depend on the cardboard now fur- nished with some mailing cages, as a means of having the queen releas- ed in the proper time. Strong col- onies, he says, will tear it off at once, while weak ones will hardly touch it at all. Indeed, this is about what any one of experience would expect. Mr. N. L. Stevens, Vice-president of the New York State Association, under date of April 6th, wi'ote: "Although bees were confined in this locality about four months, the loss will not be so heavy as antici- pated; and, unless augmented by spring dwindling, I do not think it will be above the average." Mr. Stevens took occasion to say some very complimentary things about The Bee-keeper, when writing, for which he has our thanks. From a few of the first of the Hardscrabble series of letters, the initial one of which appears in this number, we do not hesitate to promise our readers something rare in the way of a humorous digest of current beedom. To those who will draw a focus upon the Deacon's quill and observe its alternate dip- pings into honey, ink and gall, it will become evident that he is an old and close observer of bee- keeping affairs. "I am very anxious to know how soon all danger of spring dwindling will be over. If possible, please tell me definitely, to the day, and oblige," writes a New York ^sub- scriber. In reply we can only say: When the weather has become set- tled and warm; when the circles of brood in the combs are enveloped in glistening honey and patches of yellow pollen; when the thousands of hatching woi'kers are found crowded into the extreme corners of the hive, and vacant places are being filled with new, white comb. When these conditions, together 98 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER May with the bluebird aud the almanac proclaim the arrival of summer, then may the dangers of spring dwindling be considered safely over for this year. The Progressive Bee-keeper has proclaimed itself on the slow cool- ing and yellow wax question; and, having had experience in handling tons of wax, of course, truthfully says "the color will not settle." The American Bee Journal, however, clings to the fallacy that "slow cooling is the secret of securing bright, yellow wax," although every bee-paper in the United States at the time the discussion opened, has expressed itself in support of The Bee-keeper's original statement, that slow cooling will do nothing of the kind. We desire, however, to give Mr. York the benefit of any consolation he m a y fi ii d in a knowledge of the fact that this office is in receipt of a letter from an experienced handler of wax who says the editors are all off; and that he will later clear 'matters up. We pre informed that this gentleman, through sorne private process of treatment, secures from three to four different grades of wax from the same combs. He says, though, that all this talk about slow cooling being the secret of getting bright, yellow wax, "is the rankest nonsense." "We value The Bee-keeper highly; it is very practical and in- dispensable," writes Mr. H. G. Bur- net from far-off Kingston, Jamaica. It will be seen how widely scattered ai'e the patrons of The Bee-keeper. It goes regularly to subscribers in every civilized land where English is spoken to any extent; and our readers will appreciate the impossi- bility of so editing as to have its contents strictly applicable to any one locality. Mr. Burnet has kept bees since 1879, in the northern states, in the southern states and in the West Indies; and he there- fore readily appreciates the condi- tions under which we labor. At this early date in the history of api- cultural journalism, our readers should exercise charity. Patron- age and space are necessarily limit- ed, as it is also in the case of all other bee-papers at this time. The southern subscriber should not begrudge the space which may be devoted to a discussion of wintering problems, neither should the north- ern reader growl because his unfor- tunate brother in the South relates at length his troubles with mosquito- hawks, ants, moths, bears, hurri- canes and earthquakes. All should lend a hand toward the extension of the subscription list by sending sample copies and talking the paper up to bee-keeping acquaintances until such times as the support will justify us in increasing the space to, say a hundred pages, and en- gaging the services of a staff artist and leading writer for each state and foreign country. A northern subscriber who joined us but last year, recently wrote that The Bee- keeper was becoming a power in the field, and that there were wonder- ful possibilities before the apicul- tural journals of the country. He says, "the field has hardly been touched." While we believe with our correspondent that there are great possibilities before not only the journals, but the bee-keepers of the world, we think the high spots have been severely ' ' touched ;" so much so that they have been nearly leveled to the common surface of the rather low plane which our in- dustry yet occupies among those of the world. It now remains for the enthusiastic and studious to dig be- low the surface and bring to light 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 99 some of the hidden truths and prin- ciples not revealed by knocking off the high places. WAX EXTRACTORS. The article in this number, by Mr. C. G. Ferris, in which is discussed the latest development in the evo- lution of the wax extractor, sug- gests the expression of our per- sonal ideas along the same line. Of the products of the apiary, none meet with so ready a sale at a profitable figure as beeswax. At any season of the year it may be at once converted into cash, if desired. In our experience of about twenty years we have not seen the time when the wax market could be said to be burdened. Where care and economy are carefully exercised it is surprising what a quantity of wax will accumulate during a single season, even where but a few colo- nies are kept. In earlier days the wasteful, dauby and disagreeable work necessary to procure the wax from waste bits of comb tended to discourage economy along the line of saving. The introduction of the first steam extractors and the solar device were welcomed as a great advance step — which, indeed, they really were ; but experience has taught that by the use of either of these arrangements it is impossible to procure nearly all of the wax contained in the combs and waste about the apiary. Our personal ex- perience includes a very intimate acquaintance with each and all of the contrivances for rendering wax, which have been placed upon the general market. This acquaintance, however, has never been conducive to any great amount of pleasure or satisfaction until, some two years ago, we became acquainted with the Ferris extractor. It is doubtful if any other one man in the United States has given the matter of wax extractors an amount of deep study and careful thought equal to that bestowed by Mr. Ferris. His experiments cover a period of years, and his success must be a source of gratification to himself as well as to the thousands of progressive bee-keepers who have heretofore had to make the best of a very faulty arrangement. Steam — lots of steam — and heavy pressure while the mass of melted combs are yet under steam, is the only method yet devised that will extract nearly all of the wax. We have learned by experience that the Ferris extractor asks no better ma- terial upon which to work with profit than the refuse from a solar extractor. Though invisible, this refuse is laden with nuggets of wax which the "Ferris" never fails to find and discharge into the vessel placed at its side for their reception. While the Ferris extractor is well adapted to the needs of the small bee-keeper-in fact an essential where one desires to utilize all his re- sources by providing against a wanton waste of a valuable com- rnodity — the great facility with which large quantities of combs are transformed into wax, appeals with especial force to the consideration of the extensive producer. It is with a view to meeting the require- ments of this wholesale rendering that the two, three and four-basket styles have been designed; while the one-basket kind will be found quite adequate to the needs of all ordinary work. Mr. Ferris' ingenuity has given to the bee-keeping world the most economical and efficient extractor yet introduced; and the popularity which it has already achieved is ample proof of the fact that bee- keepers are not slow to recognize a really meritorious article, as well as the additional fact that the time 100 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER May was ripe for the introduction of some more convenient, cleanly and expeditious means of rendering wax. "Persistence in the face of all discourage- ments, which ard sure to confront inexpe- rience, will surely triumph." LITERARY NOTES. The Satitrday Evening Post for May 11, con- tains an article by Sir Thomas Lipton on The Sports that Make the Man, written especially for this paper. He places yachting high on the list, and gives some interesting anecdotes of his own career as an amateur yachtsman. Sir Thomas is hopeful, if not confident, of '• lifting " the Ameri- ca's cup next autumn. He says, liowever, that if it were a certainty he would not cross the water; for there is no sporting interest in '"sure things." This article will apjiear exclusively in The Satur- day Evening Post, of Philadelphia. The April A.mekicax Bov (Sprague Publishing Co., Detroit, .Mich.) is brimful of good things for boys, as usual. It contains 112 pictures. Its lead- ing article treats of gentlemanliness. The stories are: The Boy who Kode a Moose; Go It, Tom; The Men of Might: or. The Lusty .Nine; The Great Bicycle Race at Pultney; Splitting the Herd; Three Boys in the Mountains: Lazy Jack: A Vege- table Discussion, and The Cruise of the Yacht Gazelle. Other items of interest are: Talks with Boys and Their Friends; The Charleston Navy Yard and AVisit to anOcean Liner; Turning Points in a Boy's Life; The Boys' Picture (iallery; The Boy's Library; What Boys are Doing; Boys as Money Makers and Money Savers; April in Ameri- can History; How to Make Your Own Tackle and Something About Fishing; The Agassiz Associa- tion; Boys in the Home, Church, School, Office, Store, Factory and on the Farm ; The Order of The American Boy; Boys in the Animal Kingdom; The Poultry Yard; Boys in Games and Sports; The Boy Stamp and Coin Collector, and the Boy Photographer,. This is one of the handsomest num- bers yet issued by this company. $i a year. The May Cosmoi'omta.v has an attractive and useful article on The Art of Entertaining, by Lady Jeune. Many women have been reproached for living for the sole object of entertaining. No one doubts that such an aim is petty and narrowing, but it is equally certain that it is a woman's duty to understand it. The Ladies' Ho.me Jockxal for May brings to light the fact that there have been one hundred and twenty-one generations of the human family, beginnine with Adam. Alfred Judson Fisher, the Cliicago historian, lias woven the highly interest- ing results of a genealogical investigation into "A Daughter of Adam." and traces the heroine of his romance (in real life a well-known Philadelphia woman) directly back to Adam, establishing with corroborative detail every link in the long genealogical chain. Modern CtTLTURE for May is a magazine for nature-lovers. An Ohio May Time, by Austin Matlack Courtenay, is a dainty bit of spring jioetry, full of the rythmic music of the May. In the Gar- den with Shakespeare, by Mrs. E. A. Matthews: \Vood-notes, by Nora Archibald Smith, and Birds in Literature, by C. A. I'rann, form a trilogy of nature articles of enticing interest to the lover of birds and trees and flowers. Kambles Out of Doors by Mr. Orlando J. Stevenson, takes the reader with him into the deptlis of C.inadi:ui wilderness through all his summer outing. Matanzas, the City of Cuban Homes; Railroa ling in the Philip- pines; the Future of the Bicycle, and many other splendid articles by well-known writers, help to form a very interesting number. "He who appreciates the beautiful and marvelous will soon grow to love his com- panions of the hive." ': "Bse-keeping is especially t(» be recom- mended as an avocation." Honey and Beeswax Market. Below we give the latest and most authentic re- port of the Honey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: WASHINGTON GRADING RULES. Fancy'. — All sections to be well filled, combs straight, ot even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed ex- cept the row of cells next the wood. No. L — All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. 'In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be "Fancy white," "No. 1, dark," etc. Buffalo. Apr. 19. — Fancy 1-pound white comb wanted, at 1.5 @ 16c. Dark comb, dull at 12 @ 8c., according to grade. No demand for extracted. Beeswax is always in moderate demand at good, average prices. Fancy pure sells at 27 6 28c.; other grades lower. Dark honev is dragging, but fancy stock is needed. Batterson & Co. Removed to large, new store, '.12 Michigan Street. New York, April 20, moi.— We have to report a small stock of comb honey in this market. Prices rule about same as our last report, while there is but little demand. Francis H. Leggett & Co. Chicago, Apr. 18. — Choice grades of white comb honey continue to sell at Itic. per pound, and there is no surplus in sight. Other grades ot comb sell fairly well at the following jirices: No. 1 grades of white, U ft' 15c.; off grades, IHc; light amber, 12c.; dark amber, 10 @ lie; buckwheat and other dark combs, SI &> 10c. ; candied and mixed colors, 7 @ 9c. Extracted is dull and prices verj' weak, with the exception of some fancy linden and clover grades, which is quotable at 7 (§' 8c.; ambers, 6 @ 7c; dark and buckwheat, 5 & 6c. Beeswax. 80c. R. A. Burnett & Co. Kansas City, Mo.; April 20. — Owing to the late spring the demand for honey is good with g"od supply. Price of comb, 15 ft lOc; Extracted (ifti8c. Beeswax is in good demand at 80c., with light supply. All stock of honey will be cleaned up at good prices. Hamblin & Sappi.ngton. "There is a rare fascination in the study of nature." "Nothing will take the place of real experience." Heather, it is said, grow; parts of South America. Ill many POPULAR SCIENCE Or POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS. Recent Progress Sciences, Hygiene, Health, Etc. in the founded in ISdti by the late Dr. James K. Nichols as the Boston Journal Of Chemistry and now fomprisiuR Hall'S Joumal Of Health— Established in 1851 as a Department. POPULAR SCIENCE (news, etc.) an Illustrated Monthly Magazine, is the Oldest. Leading, Most Intluental, Prominent and Popular journal of its kind in the country. Subscription, $2,00 per year. In advance, $1. 60. This Magazine is exactly what its name implies Scientific and yet very r»opular. It is of great interest to all Students and Lovers of the Natural Sciences, Hygiene, Health, Etc. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED. FREE FROM TECHNICALITIES. This Popular monthly contains a large number o£ short, practical and interesting articles on M vTi'UE Study, Invention, Archaeology, Electricity, Botany, Mineralogy, Astronomy, Entomology, Photography, Microscopy, Chemistry, Hygiene, Sanitation, Health, etc. It is very different from, and much Superior to other publications with similar names. Is the Oldest and most extensively circulated Nature study and Popular Science publication in the United States. Has recently been considerably enlarged and much improved. '^"Mention this publication for a sample copy. iM^Trial Siibsa-iptlon Free. LIL1.ARD& CO-, Publishers, 108 Fulton 12-«t St- , Manhattan, New York- BELGIAN HARE BREEDERS* AND AMATUERS' GUIDE. An up to-date, progressive, newsy, illustrated monthly magazine, devoted distinctively to the Belgian hare industry. Orieinal articles each month by the best recognized authority on Bel- gian hare culture ; treating in a practical way their breeding, management and every phase of this profitable and interesting industry. THE LEADING JOURNAL OF ITS KIND. 8e7it six months on trial for 25 cents. Single copies 5 cents. Address THE RABBITRY PUBLISHING COMPANY INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. High-grade Belgian Hares. We have a tine lot of higli-grade pedign^ed Belgians which we will sell at bed-roek prices if taken at once. Qir Britain, a worthy grand- son of Lord Britain in the stud. Write at once and say what yovi want and we will quote prices. Sample copy of a Farm Paper Free. Red King Belgian Hare Co., St. Joseph, Mo. merican Bee-keeper is the only bee iiajier published in the East and should be supported by all Eastern bee-keepers, especially those in the Empire State. Send in your subscrip- tions—or get up a club. AGENTS Wanted "washTng^ You can double your money every time you sell one and they sell easily. We have sold over l.'JO,000 in the last fourteen years. They are cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free. The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. ^^-^t_i spenders ! Here is a new and useful device made with both shoulder straps of one continuous piece of first-class ivebhimj, ends of best braided cord; buckles heavy brass, nickle plated and not one stitch of needlework employed in its construction, therefore nothing to rip or wear out prematurely. All elastic goods depreciate with age. Why buy cheap, worthless elastic goods that may have been burdening the shelves of the wholesale and retail mercliants for months or years? We manufacture our goods and sell direct froiri Factory to Wearer. Suspenders as well as other garments 'should fit the body. In ordering give measurement over shoulder from front to rear button. All goods sent securely packed, postpaid. Sample pair, 2nc.; five pair, !P1. 15; youth's lengths, one pair, 2flc.; five pair, !)0c. Try the Seamless and you will wear no other. Lawrence Suspender Co., 734 Mass. Street, Lawrence, Kan. A Poultry Paper YEIARS for 3 $1 We will send the Canadian Poul- try Review three years for $1 or to three subscribers one year for $1. Special departments for "Turkeys, Ducks and Geese," "Poultry Ail- ments," "Bantams," Incubators and Brooders," "Practical Poultry," [under charge of A. G. Gilbert, manager Poultry Department, Gov- ernment Farm, Ottawa] etc. New illustrations, critical show reports, 40 to 48 pages monthly. Single copy 5c. Address, Toronto, Ont. Go South, The Soil, Climate, Markets and many other advantages invite you. For free copies of Monthly Journal, and for Maps, Plats, Facts. Figures and full information, write A. Jeffers, 351 Main Street, la-ot Norfolk, Va. H O R T I C U L T U R E Does the word interest you ? It" so, send 50 cents for one year's subscription to the North American Horticulturist, C. J. McCormick, Editor, MONROE, MICH. An Ihjstrated Monthly, devoted to FRUIT CROWING, FLOWERS, FORESTRY and HOME. A First-class Advertising medium reaching thousands of farmers and fruit growers. Here is a medium, Mr. Advertiser, that will pay you. Tbe Nebrasl^a farm JourQal A Monthly Journal Devoted to Agricultural Interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural paper in the West. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. THE NEBRASKA FARM JOURNAL, 1123 N. St., LINCOLN, NEB. 12-6t The Modern Farmer and Busy Bee, Edited by Emerson Taylor Abbott, who is well-known among bee-keepers, is push- ing to the front rapidly as a general farm paper. Send for their Premium List and get up a club. They are making some of the most liberal offers ever made by a publisher. Address at once. Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mo. U-tf '_ The Fruit Growers' Journal, is a six column, eight-page journal, pub- lished monthly, at Cobden, Illinois, The Fruit Growing Center of the West. It is an all-around horticultural, agri cultural journal, and is devoted largely to transportation and markets. Agents Wanted. Send two cents for sample copy. 13-6t ^"^ ROYAL TEMPLARS. A beneficiary association. Its grade of payments scientific and safe. Both sexes received in perfect equality. You get just what you pay for, and only pay for what you get. Organized 1870. Emergency . fund maintained. Expense of management low. Claims paid without expense to beneficiary. Send for information. General office, Itf Masonic Building, Buffalo, N.Y. TYPEWRITERS AND CAMERAS. If any reader of The Bee-keeper is contem- plating the purchase of a photographic outfit or a writing machine, 1 should be pleased to have him correspond with me before placing an order for either. I am in a position to offer new instruments of the highest grade, direct from the manufac- turers, at the lowest possible prices. Respectfully, 3-tf. H. E. Hill, Ft.Pierce, Fla. This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others would notice YODRadvt. in The Am. Bee-keeper. ^Late Queens. Our strain of Italians we believe to be unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our location being larther South than that of any other breeder in the United Slates, we can ship queens any day in the year. No disease. Untested queens $l.oo each. Special prices quoted on special queens, and on quantities. We guarantee safe delivery of queens to all parts. Our mating grounds are situated 2^ miles from the mainland, on an island. SOUTHERN BEE COMPANY, Port Pierce, Indian River, H. E. Hill, Mgr. Fla., U. S. A. 12tf "Rome was not built in a day," neither was our reputation. Bee-keei^ers' Supplies, well and accurately made, of the very best and soundest materials; such goods as have gained for us a name and standing second to none, are manufactured and for sale by The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. You've heard of us. DiREa FROM PRODiaR,,ggRS;^o» JOBBIRtoCDNSIMR SUPPLY HOUSE XlAHE &STATE ■ PlEASt MENTION J! (//i£Ar OR SMALL ^ THIS PAPER WRITE FOR OCTALOOUE. ENttOSE 10 CTJ.TD HEIP d-clover queen, $2.00; Gleanings one year and a tested red-clover queen, S't.OO; a select tested red-clover queen and Gleanings one year for $0.00. We will begin mailing these queens in June, 1901. Orders arj already being entered, and the same will be filled in rotation. Do not neglect to improve this opportunity and get some choice stock, and send your order early so you may get the queen correspondingly early in the season. We are using every precaution to winter this queen safely, but reserve the right in case of her loss this winter to substitute from other select tested stock of this strain which we are holding in reserve, or to give the subscriber the benefit of any of our other clubbing offers if desired. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. urn Afi'SMMN "~i L f|VI 1 -1 1 ^v^R! nB» t-^suh'i^sskk^W^ 1 ^^1 m H w^m ^^^^M^ ^s^^ ^1 ANY ONE CAN Be Our Agent and Make Money Little trouble, no Avork, and good remuneration. Send u".5 ten two-cent stamps to pay postage and we will send you The Woman's Magazine a whole year FREE. Our only condition being that you send us the names and addresses of ten of your lady friends who might become an agent or sub- scriber to the best woman's magazine published. We will mail you our "Easy Agent's Outfit." $10.00 per day a small average 100,000 paid circu- lation now. iHE Woman's Magazine contains each month two serials- two short stories—" Other Women," an interesting page written by one of the brightest writers in the land. Departments treating on all home matters, including "Personal Talks with Girls " Roman's Magazine, 112 rearborn St., Chicago. CD Perfected Von Culin Incubator i.s known pretty well all oven' the country and has n(!ver failed to prove satisfactory when handled by a person of intelligence and with ordinary attention. We gnar- ant(M^ them to he satisfactory or you needn't pay for them. What's more fair than this offer, and doesn't it show that wa mean what we say as to its merits? Send for catalogue. The W. T. FALCONER MFC. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. Beeswax wanted We will pay 29 cents cash or 30 cents In goods for good quality of Beeswax, freight paid to FALCON- ER, N.Y. If you have any, ship it to us at once. [Prices subject to change without notice.] The W. T. Falconer Mfe. Co. EGGS IN WINTER Are easily obtained under right conditions and proper attention. Subscribe for our poultrj paper and learn liow. 25 cts. a year. Sample copy free. THE POULTRY ITEM, Box 190, Fbicks, Pa. W. M. Gerrish, East Nottingham, N. H., keeps a complete supply of our goods, and eastern customers will save freight by ordering of him. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. BEE SUPPLIES from LEWIS They are the finest. THOUSANDS OF BEE HIVES, MILLIONS OP SECTIONS, Ready for Prompt Shipmen G- B- LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., —=—=——= U. S. A. Branch: G. B. LEWIS CO., 19 So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every new subscriber sending $1.00 for the weekly American Bee Journal for one year will receive a copy of Newman's 160 page "Bees and Honey" free. The old American Bee Journal ia great this year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Joumal free. Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 1897. Circulation 5,000. Devoted exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Israel, Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. HELLO! Do you want some good pure bred POULTRY? We can furnish you ECCS FOR HATCH- I NC from fine White Wonder fowls, R. C. B. Leg- horns, B. P. Rocks, Partridge Cochins; S. L., Gold- en and Black Wyandottes, Toulouse Geese, Rouen Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want something good send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, Itf The Eureka Poultry Farm, Established 19 years. Hamburg, Wis. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S. BEGINNERS. should have a copy of The Amateur Bee-keeper, a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "It is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price 24 cents; by mail 28 cents. The little book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, (a live, progressive, 28 page monthly journal,) one year for 65c. Apply to any first-class " dealer, or address LEAHY MFG- CO., HigglnsviUe.Mo. NEW LIFE TEA ALWAYS CURES CONSTIPATION, INDIGE5T10N, SICK HEADACHE, And imparts new Hfe to the whole system. At all druggists and dealers, 25c, or sent by mail, if your dealer will not supply you. Address, LANQHAH HEP. CO.. LB ROY, N. Y. CLUBBING LIST. We will send The American Bee-keepeh with the — PHICE BOTH American Bee Journal $1 00 $1 35 Bee-keepers' Review 1 GO 1 ;^5 Canadian Bee Journal 1 00 1 35 Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 00 1 35 American Queen 50 60 Modem Culture 1 00 1 00 BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long experience, should have at least one good text book upon the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee-keeping. In ordering by mail be sure to add the_ amount of postage named: Postage Price, extra. ABC of BeeCulture (A.I. Root), cloth $1 00 20c. Bee-keepers' Guide (Prof. A. J. Cook) 1 00 15c. Langstroth on Honey Bee, rev. (Dadant) 1 10 15c. Quinby's New Bee-keeping (Quinby) . . 1 40 10c. Thirty Years Among Bees (Alley) 48 2c. How to Manage Bees (Vandruff ) 25 5c Amateur Bee-keeper (Rouse) 20 5c. The W. T. Falconer NIfg. Co., Jamestown, N.Y. iThe Lamp of Steady Habits| The lamp that doesn't flare up or smoke, or cause you to use bad language ; the lamp that looks good when you get it and stays good ; the lamp that you never willingly part with, once you have it ; that's Cbe new Rocbesien Other lamps may be offered you as " just as good " — they may be, in some respects, but for all around goodness, there's only one. To make sure the lamp offered you is genuine, look for the name on it ; every New Rochester lamp has it. We make oil stoves too, just as good as the lamps ; in fact, anything in oil or gas fixtures. The Rochester Lamp Co., 38 Park Place and 33 Barclay St., New York. 'T'"'^'"*«ster. | i^uiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuttiiiiuiiiiiiiuiHtiiiiiiiiuuiiimnmiiiiiiiimiiiUiiiumiittl? Patent Wired Comb Foundation has no Sag in Brood Frames. Thin Flat Bottom Foundation has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey. Being the cleanest is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made. The talk about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish a Wired Foun- dation that is BETTEU, CHEAPEK and not half the trouble to use that it is to wire brood frames. Circulars and samples free. J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Montgomery County, Sprout Brook, M.Y. Please mention American Bee-keeper. WHEN YOU DROP A DOLLAR it is a good plan to look where it strikes, that you may pick it up again. When you invest a dollar for advertising space in Poultry Pointers, at our special rate, it is just like dropping a dollar where you can pick up TWO. ^^'rite at once for sample copy, special rates and full particulars to POUIaTRY F-OINTERS Office, .5tf 30(i West Main Street, Ionia, Mich. The Nebraska Farm Journal . A monthly journal devoted to agricultural interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural pa- per in the west. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb. UNITED STATES BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. General Manager and Treasurer — Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, la. Among industrial organs, a small jiaper that sticks closely to its subject is worth a cartload of the aimless nomads that claim to co7er the whole field. Subscribe now for The Am. Bek-keeper. One Year 10c. The Poultr 3tf Box 218, If you are not a subscriber *° The Poultry Industry, ^'^^'enfs" silver, and get this vigorous up-to-date poultry journal one whole year. Every copy is wortli the year's subscription price. y Industry, Gouverneur, N.Y. 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE kDE Marks Designs Copyrights &c. Anyone sending a sketch and description may quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Scientific American. A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir- culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a year : four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN &Co.36'Broadway. New York Branch Office, 625 F St.. Washington, D. C. Just a minute of yonr time! Send us a list of the bee-keepers i' your vicinity and we will send tin sample copies of The Bee-keepeb. Tin- will not take much of your time or be much trouble to you and you will be doing; vour friends a favor. i Entered at the Postoffice, Falconer, N.Y., as second-class matter. IncBbator Free on trial. The PERFECTED YON CDLIN ^ — -INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every hatchable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator. Prices |7. 00 up. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y.; Another big Offer! As I hare explained in previous advertise- ments, the publisher of a good journal can afford to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his jonrnal into new hands. I have in the past made several such offers, but here is one that I consider especially liber- al. If you are not a subscriber to the Bee-keepers' IieVieW, send me $1,30 and I will have your subscription to The American Bee-keeper renewed for ore year, send yon 12 back numbers of THE REVIEW, and then THE REVIEW for all of 1901. Remember two things : You must be a NEW subscriber to THE RE- VIEW, and the order must be sent to W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. ^ HOW TO MAKE MONEY with POULTRY & PIGEONS.* 36 pa^e book on care, management, builfling and other plans, receipts and other valuable information. Mail- ed for a 2 ct. stamp. H. H. Frick, Kkicks, Pa. S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railway, Penine Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. i^tf If.K. If, BINGHAM has made all the im- provements ill k Bee Smokers and M Honey Knives made in the last 20 years, undoubtedly he makes the bast on earth. Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail ^1 50 3^ inch 1.10 Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 100 2"^ inch 90 T.F.Bingham, ^l-^^-^-^r; J^ Farwell, Mich. ILLUSTRATED BOOK OF POULTRY. GivinfT an illustration and descriptiini of every Thoroughbred Breed in AmiMi- ca. including varieties not yet in the "Standard."" Send for colored circular and special offers. Henry H. Frick, Publisher, Fricks, Pa. MK. \v. II. iMuixiEN. [See iia-^e IC'.i J Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. , Vol. XI JUNE, 1901 No. 6 DRONE CATCHERS. An Exposition of the Shortcomings of Our Arrangement for this Purpose, Together with Specific Instructions for Their Rectification. BY W. H. PKIDGEN. YOU say. Mr. Editor, on page 6, cur- rent American Bee-keeper, that ••it is rarely indeed that any com- bined machine or device really combines. " Now, while your drone trap may be quite an improvement on the orig-lnal, I will suggest a combination that prevents clogging and admits of better ventilation even than yours does. As I see it, there is "one thing thou lackest," and that is a double bottom-board, with an entrance and bee-space between, the top one being a regular queen-excluder, with an entrance between it and the hive to which the drone-trap is adjusted, or it may be a solid board with opening cut out and the same covered with perforat- ed zinc. By hooking the trap to the hive the top bottom-board or excluder need not project at all, as the zinc of the trap can be put in to fit against the end just below the upper entrance, or, moi'e properly, the exit, as the entrance would be between the boards. Besides, the exit and trap for drones can be at the back of the hives and thus overcome any confusion and clogging, and at the same time add to the ventilation. The weather Is usually warm when we wish to trap drones and we often want to raise the hive on blocks rather than cut ofT ventilation by attaching a drone trap, and by using an excluder as above sug- gested, we can trap the drones with one trap and still have an entrance wide open at each end between the excluder and bottom-board proper as well as get- ting the usual benefits from the one to which the trap is attached. The ex- cluder can remain in place all the while and have all the openings closed except one when no trap is adjusted. This ad- junct gives the operator control of the situation in the matter of ventilation as well as trapping the drones without in- terfering with the progress of the colony, even if the old style trap be used. In using the combined queen and drone trap on hives that are sending out objectionable drones, I usually have trouble in separating the queen from the drones in case a swarm issues, with- ou t allowing the escape of many drones. This can be overcome by a double or combined trap. There should bo a division made of drone-excluding zinc through which the queen can freely pass with an additional trap with ordi- dary cone above, to catch the queen. That is, to separate the queen from the drones, we want two traps, one above the other, with the slide in the top of the drone trap, with perforations large enough for the queen to pass through without allowing the drones to do so. Where one is on hand in such cases to care for the swarms, it would be better 103 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June to use zinc exclusively that the queens can pass through, for the excluding bot- tom-board as well as drone-trap, and then the swarms can be hived in the ordi- nary way without allowing a drone to escape. Besides, queens can mate from such hives as though no zinc was being used. Creek, N. C. [And still Mr. Pridgen is trying to " combine " a drone trap and a hive ven- tilator. Why not pursue the same Amer- ican craze, Mr. Pridgen, just a little far- ther and combine a self-hiver with your combined ventilator, queen and drone trap ? As we have Siid before, our de- vice is devised to meet but one purpose. It is not always desirable that a hive should be so thoroughly ventilated at a time when the drone-catcher is in use. If it should be desired, the hive may be ventilated in the way suggested by Mr. Pridgen, if that method is one which pleases him. It appears to us, laowever, to be going a very long way around in order to use in combination a point that is always so readily accessible. And suppose our hives have not removable bottoms. Then, there are thousands upon thousands of persons having a few colonies, who may desire to use a queen trap or a drone-catcher, and who h tve never had a perforated excluder in the yard. To be brief and strictly honest, Mr. Pridgen. we would suggest that, no less than ourselves, "one thing tliou lackest" — in the construction of your improved drone-catcher, and that is a hive to go with each catcher which will conform to the working- requirements of this new product of your genius. Com- binations are yet at a great discount in this field. Ventilation is hardly restricti^d at all by the use of our drone catcher. If it were, why not slide the honey- board directly endwise, leaving a free passage of air diagonally through the interior of the hive. That provides per- fect ventilation without extra cost and at ten per cent, of the trouble advocated by Mr. Pridgen. When we invent a hive-ventilating device there will be no drone catcher about it. It will be de- vised for ventilating hives. — Er>.] PREVENTION OF INCREASE. BV J. H. .TOHXSOX. FOR the benefit of those who would try my plan, I will say that it is sure and procures honey, if any is to be had. We need perhaps half as many temporary hives as we have perma- nent ones. These need not exceed, exclu- sive of labor, twenty-five cents each in cost. These little hives have two sets of rabbets or supports to accommodate section boxes. The one set is at the same height from tlie bottom-board as it is in the regular hive; the other sefe is half way down beween this and the bottom. The opening side or door is simply a movable division-board with a top-bar tacked on the top. A slate or board will answer for a cover. The brood-frame I use is 133^ inches long; my section is \% long, so that a tier of three sections equals the length of a brood-frame. My section is ^% high: the brood-frame 103^, so that two tiers of three sections each equal a brood- frame. In the winter when I have leisure I get basswood lumber, scant three-sixteenths thick, of the same width as my sections: saw it into pieces of the same lengths with my brood-frame top bars. Xow, with half-inch wire nails tack three sections lengthwise under neath each piece, thus: 1 "Many fall into the error of judging en- tirely by results, reeardless of causes." "Tis but a part we see and not the whole. —Pope. We will call it a triplet of sections. Two equal a brood-frame. Those pro- jecting arms rest on the rabbets spoken of above. When shifted on top of regu- lar hives, later on, they rest on the upper (dge of the sui-plus cases. When a swarm has issued, prepare to hive thus : In the center of a tempo- rary hive hang two combs; they may contain honey and brood, some of which should be unsealed larva?. The object of these combs is to help hold the bees, furnish laying room for the queen and to hold the pollen that the bees may gather. On both sides of these brood-combs hantr 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER lOS as many triplets of sections as the bees will utilize. Let the swarm rnn in and set it a foot or two from the parent stocli: or, preferably, if more swarms issue, exchange location with them. In three or four (lays the new swarm should be examined. If the queen deposits eggs in the surplus boxes, or if they are half, or more than half filled with comb, they should be removed and empty ones inserted in their place. A swarm can be returned to a parent stock in four days, cured of the swarm- ing fever, though I often retain them six days or even longer, according to the amount of work done in the boxes, or to suit my opportunity. I unite a swarm from one of those temporary hives with a parent stock as follows : Smoke both colonies well : dislodge the bees pro- miscuously in front of the parent hive ; cutoff ail (lueen-cells. The two brood- combs from the temporary hive may be removed and used as desired. I now give plenty of surplus room above, as the bees take immediate possession of those newly constructed combs in the surplus boxes taken from the temporary hive. Where the queen has deposited eggs in surplus boxes, they should be retained for four days or more till they become sterile. These boxes serve an excellent purpose as bait combs. Middaghs, Pa., May .5, lUOl. Summer now comes on apace. The hum of bees cloth fill the place. A harbinger of full treasury. —A. C. Miller. N UNITING BEES. BY W. T. STBPHEXSOX. NO PLAN for uniting bees has yet been given that has been success- ful with every one. nor will there be, owing to the carelessness of the prac- titioners. Most all of the plans, it seems to me, are faulty inasmuch as I they employ too much moving of hives, etc. The plan I shall give is so simple that anybody can succeed with it. First decide which of the queens is most desirable, removing the condemned one. In making this decision the past record of the queen should be consulted. It would be poor policy to condemn a queen that has a good record simply because she does not happen to have her colony as populous as another at this season; her past record should decide her destiny. Having made one of the colonies queenless, sprinkle both colo- nies with a strong solution of peppermint and water. Take all of the brood from the queenless bees and give it to the other hive. Cage the queen for safety. Leave them thus until the queenless colony discovers its loss, signifying the same by running over the front of the hive in a confused manner, flying a short distance and returning. Now, take the hive-body containing the queenless colo- ny and set it on the hive to which it is to be united, and the work is done. Move everything away fropi the old stand so that it will not look like home to them. I do not have any trouble with the bees that I get in the hive returning to the old stand. Being in such a perilous condition— hopeless queenlessness — and then being suddenly ushered into a normal colony, they seem to make themselves at home. After a half-hour I set a hive body with a comb in it to catch the flying bees. When they have all clustered on the comb, t^iey are shaken into the other hive. In case the bees do not know how t(t treat their visitors, but go to wrestling with them (which is hardly ever the case if enough peppermint is given) give them a good, sound smoking, dropping a little tobocco in the smoker, to teach them better manners. In two days remove the cage contain- ing the queen ; tack a piece of wrapping paper over the hole in end of the cage. Punch in the paper several pin-holes. The bees, in their effort to get at the queen, will soon tear the paper off and liberate her. New Columbia, 111., March 4, 1901. 104 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June Dear Brother Hill: Without waiting for me to say yes to your request for opinions, you have gone and published my letter. I feel like — well, never mind. You have put your foot into It, and as I do not want to leave you ill the lurch, I will have to help you. In a late number of the American Bee Journal I noticed that a Peelee Islander has gone for the champions of the bees as agents in transferring pollen. He is giving jome facts which seem to have heretofore been carefully avoided by the bee-men. Refreshing! Incidentally he has shown up some errors of the man from Borodino. Dangerous I In the same paper I find this: "In natural conditions a colony may be several miles from other bees and prob- ably requires all the drones that it may produce." . . . . " Yet, to avoid in-and- in breeding, which Nature so abhors, we should not breed both queens and drones from the same colonies.'' (The italics are mine.) Evidently, Dame Nature sometimes gets confused. The same writer continues in the next para- graph with "These propositions being well established," Phew ! How long since? And this in the twentietli century, and from the Hancock County veteran ! Here is a bit of advice from nn Em- pire State woman : " A good instruction book, a periodical and a few colonies at the start." Excellent ! But what book and what periodical ? A youngster came to me the other day to ask me which book he should get. Do you know, I did not dare answer off-hand, and finally I gave him Langstroth, not revised. As to periodicals, I suppose you think I said The American Bee- KEEPEK ? Well, I did ; and one other to go with it, just to balance it, you know. I am decidedly skeptical as to the value of increased tongue-length: if it enables the bees to get honey from red clover, what is to prevent their getting it from undesirable flowers also, which were previously beyond their reach ? The "get there" of the bees lies more in their energy than in the length of their tongues. With humanity it is likewise. In Gleanlnris for May 1, I see that the Borodino veteran has an article headed. '■^Working for Comb Honey." (my italie>i. He would be sure of it if he tried to run eight or ten apiaries on that system. In the same number a Rhode Islander says, apropos of thoroughbred queens: " Do not confound scientific in-breeding with in-and-in breeding.'" Isn't he rather mixed ? You will find hats with elastic bands on sale at AVauamaker's. Order by mail. Get it before you read the editorial in the same number of Oleanings on what you have done for The American Bee- keeper. .Harry, my boy, don't believe all vou read, for sometimes it isn't all 1!)01 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 105 so. That kind of taffy is not so harm- less as what you used to get at the candy pulls. That resident of Hawks Park certainly possesses an eagle eye for labor saving, and he is far-seeing as regards the ne- cessity of separating the thin from the thick honey. It wouldn't ruin the busi- ness to have some more just as par- ticular. In the Ladies' Home Journal for May, Mrs. Korer says : " Honey is an admir- able sweet, if taken once in a while with moderation." I prefer mine with bread and milk ; and as to the moderation part, just how much is that, please? She isn't nearly rabid enough to suit the bee-keepers. There are two sides to every question and exactly opposite to each other. I wonder how much good the advice I have given will do you ? We all receive advice, but — most of us "know better." Yours as ever, John Hakdscrabble. Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. — Emerson. SOMETHING ABOUT DRONES. BV G. M. DOOLITTLE. A CORRESPONDENT wishes me to tell the readers of The American Bee-keeper whether there is anything in the matter of '* no drones, no swarms," which a friend writes him is a fact. He thinks if this is a fact, that it is easy solving the non-swarming problem. And Doolittle wishes that those few bee-keepers who argue tli at, if all drone-comb and drones are kept out of the hive it would prevent swarming, had facts on tlieir side. This matter has been under discussion in the bee papers, off and on, for the past ten to fifteen years, and I have ex- perimented largely along that line; but in all of these experiments I have failed to find that tliis matter of drones has any- thing to do with the matter of swarming whatever. And beside these direct ex- periments I have several times liad hybrid colonies in my apiary, from which I have taken all drone combs and not allowed them to rear drones, because I did not want my young queens to meet such drones; yet, so far as I could see, these colonies swarmed as promptly as did those having drones. I said, "from whicli I liad taken all drone comb," and meant just this; but will explain that, to keep all drones out of a hive, means tlie opening of that hive every twenty days, and decapitating a few hundred drones in tlieir cells; for where all drone comb is removed, drone-cells will be built in all sorts of out-of-the-way places, for I have yet to see the hive containing a populous colony, one strong enough to send out a prime swarm during June and July, that had not a few cells of drone- comb in it ; and I do not believe that these few cells can be kept out, for worker comb will be cut down and drone built in its place if a few cells can- not be gotten otherwise. From my ex- perience in the past, I would say tbat it it not practical to try to keep all drone comb out of any hive, but ratlier have just one frame in each and every hive, having from ten to twenty square inches of drone-comb in it. and have such comb stand in a certain place in each hive, so that the apiarist may know just where it is; then every twenty days open the hives from whicli it is desired that no drones shall fly, and decapitate them, thus making a s-ure thing of the matter, and fully satisfying the bees. In this way you will not have a few drone-cells scattered all through the hive, nor will you have to use a drone-trap at the en- trance of such hives to catch undesir- able drones, the same making quite a cost and much work for the bee-keeper, in putting them on and emptying the same; besides a general bother and dis- gist to the bees, when first put on. and at times of the flight of drones and young bees. If this comb with drone-cells is placed 10(5 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June near the outside of the liive, and the drone-comb is near the top bar of the frame, you will not have to decapitate the drones more than two or three times during the season, for the queen will be slow ill depositing eggs in it; and when honey comes in so the bees begin to pre- pare for winter stores, they will fill it with honey, thus keeping the queen from depositing any more eggs in it that season. If, in addition to the above, the top bar to the frame, directly over this spot of drone-comb is painted white or red, you will know just where this comb is, without taxing your memory with the matter; and this will tell you exactly where such frames are, should they be- come displaced at any time through your manipulations, by way of spread- ing of the brood, giving colonies which ar3 short of stores framas of honey, etc. All of these little things, when known and practiced, make up the "mickle'" of successful bee-keeping. Borodino, N. Y. Mine be a cot beside the bill; A beshive's bum shall soothe uiy ear; A willowy brook that turns a milL With many a fall shall linger near. — Sam' I Rogers?.. EXTRACrS FROM FOREIGN BEE LITERATURE WITH COMMENTS. BY 1". GKlilXER. IT is stated in Imke^-"s RundscJuiu that a single corolla of red clover con- tains one-eighth milligram nectar. A honey-bee may carry at one load sixty- two milligrams. Before such a load is deposited in the hive we can calculate that the 62 mg. raw nectar have been reduced to about 40 mg. by the bees (extracting the superfluous water. It has been found that a single cell of store-comb holds about four hundred mg. of honey or about one-sixtieth ounce, thus requiring ten full bee-loads to fill it. One million such loads would weigh four kilograms or about 9M pounds. It would not be unreasoiuiblc to suppose that a very populou'? colony of bees could send out enough workers in one day to gather a million loads in an e.'ctra good honey-flow. The Centnd BUM recommends air- slacked lime for driving away ants, which become very troublesome at times. They like to locate in the space between the inner and outer walls of chafl! hives. The lime will be cheaper than the in- sect powder I have used to drive the ants away. An old skep of bees — more than a centenarian. The [Viener Blencnvater, reports that an old bee-keeper in Phanz- wirbach is in possession of a skep of bees 133 years old. It is said the bees have never died out, nor has the comb ever been renewed. I cannot trace the age of any of my colonies to more than twenty years. In 18S1 I stocked up two peculiarly built hives, one a single story chaff hive the other a double walled hive after Crerman, pattern. These two hives have had bees in them ever since and wintered them without exception exceptionally well each winter. Our industrial hen is accused in the i Central, Blatt as an enemy of the honey- 1 bee, having been caught eating them. I believe this is a mistake. Fowls may learn to catch drones, but nevci- workers, and I have never known but a few to learn the trick. All fowls learn to like drone-brood. When I had plenty of it I used to feed it to them and it may ; be they thus became accustomed to feed- ing on matured drones. It was at this time that I observed young, nearly grown cockerels picking up drones as they alighted on the boards. Sometimes these venturesome hunters "all of a sud- den'' made haste to get under cover { somewhere, but they were seen again at j their old game afterward as long as the j drones lasted. From the Lcipzigcr Bienen Zcitniuj . . 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 107 The name "Ehrenfels" is seldom seen mentionerl in connection with bee- keeping in our American books or bee- journals; and yet, Baron von Ehren- t'els was the greatest bee-keeper of his time, having lived during the closing part of the eighteenth and the be- ginning of the nineteenth centuries. His death occurred in 1843. He was an Austrian. The one aim this great man had was to make bee-keeping the prop- erty of his people. He sought to increase the wealth of his people by in- Uucing them to engage in bee-keeping. He was always trying to instruct them and to disseminate bee-knowledge gen- erally. He gave much money and time to this work; established apiaries for public instruction. His apiaries threw off handsome revenues, so much so that the writer in the Levpziger Bienen Zeltuinj says: "No man living is as successful • with bees as Ehrenfels has been." If a locality did not furnish a sufficiency of honey-producing plants, he spared no pains to change the conditions for the better. On one of his possessions in Ragelsdorf, it is said, bees could not make a living. He went to work zeal- ously, had thousands of willow trees planted around his meadows, also locust- trees, poplar, horse-chestnuts, bass wood ti-ees etc. In his many gardens goose- berry bushes and similar shrubbery was planted extensively; white clover took the place of other grasses, and other changes were made. The result was. while in 1802 bees would starve, some yearslater two hundred colonies of bees were kept at a profit, showing what may be accomplished in the way of im- proving bee-pasturage. As a lasting monument, Ehrenfels laid down his teachings in book-form under the title; "Bee-keeping, based upon Theory and Practice." The bC)ok speaks well for the author and is in the main correct. Un- fortunately, it cannot any more be pro- cured, sharing this fate with the original Langstroth. The name of Ehrenfels must for all time b<' placed alongside of Dzierzon, Langstroth, Berlepsch, Vogel and a few others. Some years ago the Caucasian bee was talked of in our journals. Nothing, however, has been said of late. The di- rector of the silk station in Tifilis, Russia, says in regard to this bee, that it is not of a distinct race, but is identical with the Italian bee. The yellow variety is to be found in the south part of the Cau- casus, from there clear into Persia ; the gray variety in the north part. Nearly always some gray bees are found in the yellow colonies. The Caucasian bee has the name of being the most gentle bee in existence and little inclined to swarm. The idea that bees consume more honey during cold winter weather than milder weather is very strongly opposed in several German bee-periodicals. The ease of poisoning bees in Bavaria, as reported in April number, Americ.vn Bee-kekpek, page (53, has been carried to the highest court. Sentence has been reversed again, and it seems justice is to prevail after all. Naples. N.Y., April 30, 1901. "East Fnesland, a province of Holland, containing 1,200 square miles, maintains an average of 2,000 colonies per square mile Honey and Beeswax Market. WASHINGTON GRADIXCt RULES. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straight, of even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed ex- cept the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be "Fancy white," "No. 1, dark," etc. Below we give the latest and most authentic re- port of the Honey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: Kansas City, Mo., May 20.— The entire stock of honey at this market is cleaned up. Beeswax is in good demand with light supply, at .'iOc. HaMBLIN & SaI'PIXGTON. 108 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June New York, May 22. 19(11 —There is little if any stock of eonjb-honey on this market at the present moment, and the demand is very slistht. indeed. Market prices rule as follows: Fancy white, 15c.: No. 1 13 @ 14c.; No. 2 white, 11 @ 12e.; mixed and buckwlieat 10c. Beeswax, 28c. Extracted honey of all kinds is ruling at low prices wi'h little, if any, demand. FraxcisH. Leggett & Co. Chicago, May 20. — Market is nominal in most all lines. A little comb sells at l.i fe IDc. for choice white, with the amber and dark grades ranging from 2 to 5c. less. No movement of any conse- quence in extracted. All dealers seem to be ex- pecting a lower range of prices. A little fancy white clover and basswood sells at 7 # 8c.. depend- ing on flavor, quality and quantity taken; amber, U &' Tc; dark and buckwheat, 5 @ 5'^c. Beeswa.t Steady at 30c. 1{. A. Bltknett & Co. Buffalo, May 20. — The market is very quiet at present, with light supply of fancy and fair of dark. Fancy comb honey sells at 11® Itic. ; dark, S(al2c. Beeswax is in fair demand, with light supply. Price, fancy, 20 &, 28c. A little really fancy honey would do well, but dark is not wanted. Batteu.sox & Co. LITERARY NOTES. The Saturday Evexixo Post for May 25 con- tains the first installment of a great seriil story by Merwin-Webster, author of The :?hort Line War, entitled. Calumet " K," a Romance of the Great Wheat Corner. Wheat speculation, love and business are the motives of this great story. The C0.SMOPOLITAX for June is more than usu- ally strong tn fiction. Ian MacLaren, Richard Le Gallienne, H. G. Wells, Tudor Jenks, Egerton Castle and O'Neil Lathom are some of the writers who make this number very interesting. OUTiXG for June is a well rounded number; be- sides numerous up-to-date departments some of the headings read: Theodore Roosevelt, the Sports- man and the Man; The Out of Class Room Under- graduate; The New Era in American Lawn Tennis; Ascent of the Grand Teton; Sport of a Game Strip- ped Land; The Care of a Dog; and many others equally eye catching and timely. The L.\i>ies' Home Joubxai- for June gives an attractive page of pictures about The Girls of Wel- lesley and Bryn Mawr. The articles and depart- ments, as well as its artistic features, are well up to its standard, which is saying a great deal. "The whole system of modern bee-culture is a transgression of nature's laws, so-called. "" SECURING THE HONEY CROP. BY I.. E. KERR. BEES in thi» locality have come through the winter in fairly good shape, and since January 28tli have been finding enough honey to keep them on a gradual upward tendency, as regards strength and, to some extent, stores. The weather has been very warm, the bees hardly losing a day: and in consequence the time for giving sur- plus room apparently is approaching very rapidly. The flow begins here the first of April and continues till Novem- ber. It is not spasmodic, but comes in a slow, steady stream for about seven months, enabling a wide-awake bee- keeper to secure from oue hundred to three hundred pounds of comb honey, of first-class quality, as an average yield per colony. With such slack flows we find bate- sections a very important factor in dispel- ing the bees' objections to entering the supers. We save all unfinished sections for baits, but never have a suflicient number of them, and resort to wide frames in the brood-nests for finishing our supply. The baits thus obtained are far superior to empty combs and we would not hesitate to fill supers entirely with them if we had them. We usually put first two rows of old baits and then one or two rows of the new ones on one side of the super only. We have seen bee-keepers put one or two baits in each corner of a super with only starters of foundation in the center with the sup- position that it would help keep the out- side sections going on with the rest; but we prefer putting them ill on one side and generally succeed in having work begin on them and then move steadily through to the other side, the bees filling everything solid as they proceed. Whether or not it may be so, in our esti- mation fresh foundation is better than old. and so we forbear putting it in the sections till they are ready to go on the hive. Other things we di> as much as possible during winter, but like the foun- dation fresh. With a good machine we can put in foun hition so rapidly that we do not begrud,ge the little time it takes even during the busy season. With a honey-flow lasting seven months many would "naturally suppose that the matter of keeping the colonies in shape to do the best work would be no little item ; but really all we have U> do is to keep good queens and leave them alone, and they remain strong them- 1001 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 109 selves, with no swarming except durinji; April and ^Nlay. Hurricane, Ark. ['■From one hundi-ed to three hundred pouudi of comb honey of tirst-class qual- ity, as an average yield per colony," is truly wonderful. In this day of small yields, it is refreshing to read of such a locality. Mr. Kerr"s idea, as to the supe- rior tinish and quality of comb-honey where the bees have seven months to devote to the work, is something entirely new and quite at variance with the expe- rience of nearly, if not quite all, experi- enced producers of comb-honey. We should decidedly prefer a location where all the tinish and trimmings were applied in ten days. It is a magnificent theory, indeed; but we have never learned to admire "a slow, steady stream," when "first-class" comb- honey was the object. — Ed.] Purchasers of queens prefer something new; vendors prefer the new prices. — James Heddon, 1885. MR. W. H. PRIDGEN. [See frontispiece]. Our readers will note this month that we are presenting a new portrait of Mr. W. H. Pridgen, the "queen crank" of North Carolina. Mr. Pridgen has thus styled himself in his advertisements; and, from a rather extensive correspon- dence with him for several years, we incline to the belief that the appelatton is well applied. We should not, of course, care to have It get out that we consider him a genuine crank, although nearly all of the progress in queen- rearing has been made by just such enthusiasts. .Mr. Pridgen's bee-keeping experience covers a period of twenty- four years ; while the past ten years or so, have been devoted to scientific experiments as a queen-breeder. He was the first to introduce wholesale methods of manufacturing artil3cial cell- cups: and as the originator of the sys- tem of transferring cocoons to the cups by means of a hollow-ended stick, his name has spread throughout the bee- keeping world. In our oiiinion nothing in the way of a nursery cage has ever been devised which, for practical utility and genius, excels the one invented by the subject of this brief sketch. The confining of bees for cell-starting, we believe, is another most valuable devel- opment of Mr. Pridgen's experiments. In fact, there are too many kinks and short cuts of his devising to permit of their being enumerated here. SufBce it to say that no name in the queen-rearing profession stands higher to-day than that of W. H. Pridgen, and we believe the popularity which he has achieved to be honestly acquired and well merited. As with the other pictures recently pub- lished in these columns, the one of Mr. Pridgen is the latest thing out and just a little ahead of anything published in any other bee journal. How many never think who think they do. — Jane Taylor. FEEDING FOR HARD WORK. KV HESSIE L. ITTXAM. SUGAR is cheaper than honey; and the wise bee-keeper understands that there is profit in building a strong colony that is ready to go to work in force when the first honey-fiow comes. If undisturbed, bees show little activity until there is something on which they can work to advantage: but if fed in spring, they at once assume the duties of active life by rearing brood in large numbers. Some may say, that means swarming, and we have as many swarms as we want. But this swarming habit can generally be largely kept' in check by supplying plenty of section room for storing honey. A simple method of feeding bees is to fill a small sized baking powder can half full of granulated sugar, and to this add an equal quantity of water. Cover with several thicknesses of cloth ; over this place a small piece of board and invert in an empty saucer on the top of the brood-frames. This furnishes a constant fiow of sweets from the cloth, 110 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June sufficient to supply all demands, yet never to flood the inhabitants of any part of the hive. This food must be given daily, when commenced, until the honey-season opens. Siwce there are days in early spring in which it is not advisable to open the hive, some prefer to feed candy instead of sugar and water, as this can be givtvn in quantities that will last two or three days at a time. To make it, moisten granulated sugar with a little water and cook until it " hairs." Test a small quantity by taking it out and stirring it constantly until cold. It should be opaque and not so hard but that it is easily broken. When done, take from the fire and stir constantly until it is of the consistency of thick cream. Then pour into buttered tins to set. The stirring causes it to form grains, and it is less liable to be waxy, a quality which cannot be tolerated in bee-food. It also renders the product soft and easily bro- ken, yet not so soft as to be sticky. A little practice will enable one to approx- imate the ideal ; and this ideal can be made a clearer mental conception after feeding once or twice. For convenience the cakes should not exceed one-half inch in thickness. Lay pieces of this caudy on top of the brood-frames and the bees will soon find and appropriate. Use granulated sugar, and never feed candy that has been scorched. BEES ANI> FRUIT. Periodically we are regaled with the depressing announcement that bees are a positive nuisance to the fruit-grower in that they feed upon and destroy his fruit, the grape being especially subject to their devastations. Scientists have proved repeatedly to their own satisfaction that a bee will not, can not mar even a grape unless the skin has been previously broken ; then it improves the opportunity to feast upon the juice ; but since imperfect fruit is not saleable, the extraction of their juices represents very little damage, after all. If a bird pecks a skin and breaks it, the bee feasts, upon the rem- nants. But maybe it deserves to be served. In fact, the bee is second to the bird iu its assistance to the horti- culturist. Nature is as averse to in- breeding in plant life as is the progres- sive farmer among his domestic animals. To thwart it, she employs a number of skillful devices, none more elBcient than that of cross-pollenation by insects. In brief, a bee alights on a blossom for nectar; but some of the pollen naturally clings to its downy coat. This is pretty sure to come in contact with the stigma of the next flower visited ; and thus the work of cross-fertilization is accomplish- ed, thereby resulting in more fruit and that of a better quality. The origin of one-sided apples is thus graphically de- scribed by Selina Gaye in The Grcnt World's Fann : "The calyx of the appi(^- blossom is a tube which spreads out at the top into five leaf-like divisions. In- side the tube, and ioined to it, are the ovaries, which together form the horny core. When the stigmas are all prop- erly dusted with pollen, each ovary, with its two pips, begins to grow ; but, if nothing else grew there would be no apple, only a horny seed-vessel, the only eatable part of which would be the seeds. But the calyx enclosing the core grows too and so does the top of the stalk from which it spring; and it is these which together form the apple. If, however, one of the stigmas be by chance left without pollen, then the -ovary belong- ing to it, with its two pips and the part of the calyx next to it, does not grow, and the apple is misshapen.'" Thus it is that bee and blossom were designed to live in harmony, each giving aid to the other ; and the more closely the demands of both are studied by scientists, the finer and more beautiful appear the mutual bonds. Harmondsburg, I'a. 1901 THE A3IERICAN BEE-KEEPER 111 Marchant, Fla., May 10, 1901 Fkiend Htll: I am the one to have "phits." Our bees are swarming about as much as one would expect in an apiary of this size; but fully 90 per cent, of all the first swarms are led by a virgin queen, showing that the old queen had been super- seded. Now, why this superseding? All our queens were raised last year, so age is not against them. All queens were extra prolific, so we can't say it was because of failing powers; yet, the su- perseding goes merrily on with from seven to ten solid frames of brood per colony. In your foot-note to my article on page 92, you say "the presence of laying workers betokens lingering hope." I am afraid I will have to differ with you on that point. I have thus far intro- duced three laying queens to a colony containing laying workersand in each case the queen was ac- cepted and permitted to lay eggs from two to four days, and then killed. Queen-cells were then started, and, before ready to seal, were torn down. I have run in two virgin queens that were accept- ed and permitted to become fertile and then killed. The strength of the colony has been kept up by giving frames of hatching brood, so there was and is no lack of nurse bees. My trouble is not an isolated case, as others are reporting the same conditions, but have not carried mattere so far as I have. As I said in my former letter, it is a condition, not a theory, that confronts us. Of course, it is easy to offer a theoretical explanation, but it does not fit the conditions. I have tried everything I know or can think of. and yet it beats me. Last season I had one or two cases; but this season it has been epidemic with me as well as others. We are busy extracting, and will have a good crop; so I don"t see as our trouble has affected the amount of honey gathered. I suspect that after the season is over, our trouble will cease; and there will be no trouble in re-queening the apiary, which will be done from one of the best im- ported queens that we could buy. Very truly, M. W. Shepherd. [It is rather humiliating, but we shall have to confess that we "don't know'' what is the cause of Mr. Shepherd's difficulty; and would suggest that he ask Dr. Miller. It appears to be simply a case of 'gone crazy," and our experience has not encotintered a case of this kind. If any of our readers have ever met a similar condition of affairs, we should be pleased to have them express an opinion in regard to its cause and treatment. — EniTOK.] as the bees died in such numbers before the en- trance that they could be taken up by the handful; and I finally took them away because they gave off an odor, when damp, that could be smelled two or three feet away. I noticed, also, that the way in which they died was exactly as Mr. Heddon says they do with bee-paralysis, and as Mr. Ches-hire says they do with Bacillus Gaytoni. I had read somewhere before that many bee diseases could be cured by changing tbe queen, so I bought an Italian queen and gave her to the colony on the 7th of June, and by the middle of August the black bees had disappeared and with them all traces of the disease. Four weeks later, I cnuld not lift that hive, as the bees had put more than one hun- dred }iounds of honey in it. To simply remove the queen from a colony af- fected with bee-paralysis, and allow the bees to raise a queen from their own brood, could not be expected to work a cure; or at least not more than a temporary one. The queen that we give the diseased colony must come from one that you know has a young and vigorous queen, and pre- ferably an Italian. It is a notion with me that a young Italian queen from good stock, is a panacea for all bee diseases. Many a colony dwindles in spring, or is robbed during a dearth of honey in summer be- cause their queen lacked spirit, either from age or some other cause. If you would see the influence of a queen on her bees, take the mildest colony that you have and also the most irritable, and ex- change their queens and note the effect thirty-six hours after the queens are liberated. Yours. D. B. NoKTOX. Branford, Fla., May 10, 1901. EmTOK Americax Bee-keeper, Dear Sir: I have received a sample copy of your excellent paper, and am very much pleased with it. Here- with please find 50c. stamps, to cover one year's subscription. I don't see how you can give so much for so little. Wishing you continued and increased prosperity in your journalistic enterprise, I remain, Yours truly, A. D. Puterbaugh, M. D. Plainville, Conn., May 6, 1901. Editor Hill, Dear Sir: I am almost certain that my case of bee-paralysis was a genuine one, BEE-PARALYSIS — STINGS FOR RHEUMATISM — RENDERING WAX. Hawks Park, Fla., May 9, 1901. Dear Mr. Hill: To me, as to Mr. Norton, page 94, it " seems strange that Mr. O. O. Poppleton should suffer as he has from bee-paralysis." Is it absolutely true that the disease is so much worse in the South than further North ? I ask for infor- mation, for I do not know that this is so. Outside of Mr. Poppleton's experience and that of one or two others, I have never known it to do very seri- ous harm. I have never had more than four or five cases at a time in my apiary, and these have apparently recovered as soon as the summer flow of honey commenced, in May. I have had but one case for several years, though I have taken no measures to eradicate it. I know of none to take. 112 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Jane except as given by Mr. Poppleton in his writings on the subject. The only case I had last season I changed to the place of a healthy colony and put the latter on its old stand to see if the incoming bees would communicate the disease. They did not do so, and the diseased colony was apparently cured and gave quite a crop of honey. 1 noticed about ten days ago that there were a few shiny bees in the same hive and since then a few have died in front of it with symptoms of the old trouble. I wish that the southern bee-keepers would report to you On this trouble, so that we may learn whether the South is really entitled to be called the home of bee-paralysis. If Dr. George Mackie is correctly quoted on page iU, he is surely wrong. I was instrumental in curing almost instantly, and for at least two years (have not heard from the party since the expira- tion of that time) one of the worst cases of rheu- matism I have known, after months of suffering and many dollars had boen spent in seeking a cure through Chicago's best physicians This ease I reported through (ileanings some years ago. It is but one of several that I have known in which there could be no possible mistake as to the cer- tainty of the bee stings having effected the cures. On the other hand. I have known cases that were not effected in the least, so far as I could see, by similar treatment. I am glad the processes of rendering wax from old combs are being improved upon, for in the past there has beer a great waste not only of that readily saleable product but of patience as well. I£ we can learn to save both— sell the former and keep the latter — great progress will have been gained. Yours sincerely, W. S. Hart. 'Think not in circles, but straight ahead. CLIPPING QUEENS' WINGS- SUPERSEDING, ETC. Several Suggestions ^X'^hich, if Heeded, Will Tend to Promote Desirable Char- acteristics in Our Stock. BY DR. C. C. MILLEK. IN giving' the reasons for clipping queens' wings, G. M. Doolittle gives one item that he says is rarely spoken of. I think he might have said "never" in place of "rarely;" at least I dou't remember ever to have seen men- tion of the greater ease of finding a clipped queen. I've known it for years, but T wasn't smttrt enough to tell of it. In this connection it may be well to mention the difference between cutting one or both wings on oi\(( side. If vou cut off only one wing, the large one, the queen is just as safe from Hying as if all four were cut, and it scarcely spoils her looks in the least, for at a hasty glance you cannot see whether she is clipped or not. Just for the very reason, how- ever, tluit cutting one wing changes her appearance so little, I want both wings on one side clipped, and left pretty short at that. One of the first tilings in over- hauling the bees, somewhere about the first of May, is to make sure that every queen is clipped. It frequently happens that when you lift out a comb you will see the queen on the next comb, while it is in the hive, but only for an instant, for she immediately passes out of sight, and it may take some time to find her again. lioth wings should be clipped, so that in that short glance you may at once determine whether she is clipped or not. L. E. Kerr, on page (>:j, introduces a matter that is wortliy of consideration: "Shall honey-producers buy or rear their own queens?" A good many questions thrust themselves forward that have a bearing upon the whole subject of queen-rearing, and th(!y should all be well considered before coming to a hasty conclusion. Should a honey-producer do much in the way of furnishing queens for his colonies, either purchased or of his own rearing? There are some whi> think it best to put a certain limit upon the age of queens, furnishing a new one to replace those of a certain age, say two years or less. But a larger number of the veterans say it is best to leave to the bees the matter of supersedure. G. M. Doolittle, in American Bee Journal. strongly endorses J. li. Hall when he says: "I want longevity in my bees; I want that first and foremost; that is why I don't want to replace my queens every year, because if I do, I must kill them: and I don't know what to kill. If I keep them three or four years, and they have done good work for four years, wintered well and given me comb-honey in good shape, that is the kind of queen WOl THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 113 I want to rear others from.'' Mr. Doo- little's word has weight, and especially in a case of this kind. As a (lueen- breeder, if he consulted merely liis own interests, he might be expected to say: ••By all mean«, replace your queens every two years, if not every year; and I'm ready to furnish the young queens to replace them." Ikit Mr. Doolittle is an honest man. It is undoubtedly cheaper to let the bees themselves do the superseding than to replace queens with otters, either home-reared or purchased ; but the wise bee-keeper will still keep the whole mat- ter under his control by suppressing all poor stock and encouraging the good. From time to time he will seek to im- prove by introducing fresh stock from the best queen-breeders ; but he will not stop at that. He will keop tab on the performance of every olony, and be able to tell you just what the progeny of each of the queens did during the pre- ceding year, or years, of tiieir lives; and knowing this, he will kno.v from which queen he is to rear. This matter of keeping a careful record of the perform- ance of each colony is at the foundation of building up an apiary that is to bring in the best returns. How many bee-keepers do you suppose keep any such record ? If you have never given the matter any attention, perhaps it may be well to recall some facts that you have probably noticed without carefully considering their l)earing. You may have noticed that, as a rule, the colonies most given to swarming have not been among the best for storing surplus, and that those which have made the best super records have not wasted much time in swarming. If you have paid no attention to this, but have left the bees to run things their own way, the bees most given to swarm- ing are the ones that have given you in- crease almost entirely, while your best colonies have given no increase. Dou't you see that such a course, continued indetinitely, will inevitably result in run-out Imm'S? By keeping nuitters under your own control, you can make the current run the other way. If you buy queens that are always the best, you will make sure to keep up your stock; but if you replace with a pur- chased queen every queen of a certain age, it will cost you much more than to allow the bees to do their own super- seding. If queen-breeders and honey- producers will all work together for a constant improvement of stock, it is dif- ficult to estimate what the result may be. Marengo, 111., April 2(5, 1901. "Let us go carefully over the ground and see if the German bee has not some traits that the honorable bee-keeper is bound to respect."' ANNUAL ADDRESS, Delivered January 9, 1901, at Geneva, N.Y., before the Convention of the New York State Association of Bee- keepers' Societies, by President W. F. Marks. FELLOW Members. Bee-keepers and Friends: Following the usual cus- tom I will, with your permission, biielly run over the events of the past year, as they apply to our industry and to this Association. The first thing that required our attention was to secure a liberal appropriation to enable the Com- missioner of Agricultur<' to suppress dis- eased brood. Although no one repre- senting this A-!SOciation went to Albany, the whole infiuence of the several societies was used to aid those bee-keepers who did go. The second thing that required our attention was the amendment to our spraying law. As originally introduced, thisamendment had some bad features: but. as finally amended, believing that the proposed experiments would uphold and stiengthen the law, it was allowed to pass. The results of these experi- ments of spraying in bloom have not yet been published ; but from what I can learn, they do not favor spraying at that time. Prof. Beach will address you this afternoon and give you the results of these experiments. It 'is rumored that an attempt will be made again this win- ter to repeal the spraying law. I do not know how true this may be, but it stands you all in hand to be on the alert. ''Fore- warned is forearmed."' I would ask each of you to see your senators and 114 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June assemblyinen and ask them to be on the look-out for any such attempt and to kill it should one be made. This may be important; do not forget it. Our foul-brood law, chapter 223. laws of 1899, grows in favor as it is better understood. Since our last meeting two more inspectors have been appointed — Mr. W. D. Wright, Altamont, and Chas. Stewart, of Sammonsville — who, with Mr. West and Mr. Stevens, previously appointed, make four inspectors. This should be a double source of gratification PRESIDEKT \V. F. MARKS. to you ; first, to know that the law is being promptly and vigorously enforced: secondly, that it was chiefly through the action of this Association that the law was so promptly enacted. This meeting closes the second series of bee-institutes extending through the State by and under the direction of the Bureau of Farmers' Institutes, but con- ducted by the several societies in their respective localities. There would have been more of these institutes if there had been more local societies to conduct them. The Bureau of Farmers' Insti- tutes appreciates and approves of the work our Organization has undertaken, and has cheerfully aided us, as the facts show. I only wish the bee-keepers of this State could be made to realize what the Bureau is doing for them, and is willing to do, providing they will turn out and show by their i)resence at these meetings that they appreciate and are deserving of such substantial recog- nition. These bee-institutes have at- tracted the attention of the general public and have aided in no small degree to impress thereon the importance and value of our industry as an aid to agri- culture. Selfishness is the rule rather than the exception ; the farmer and fruit-grower must be made to realize their dependence upon the honey-bee. This can only be accomplished andmain- tainedby a continual rei)etition of estab- lished facts. We should have special objects in view for our bee-institutes; and whatever else may be taken up, this one should be the lending object of everv institute. Since our last meeting. Fulton and Montgomei'y Cnunties have joined this Association and other counties have sig- nified their intention of doing so. The value of organization has recently been demonstrated in Orange County, this State, when the legal status of the honey- bee was at stake. The organization came to its defense and it was triumph- antly acquitted ; in fact, its victory was complete. A few weeks ago the Common Council of the City of Rochester tried to pass an ordinance prohibiting the keeping of bees in that city without the consent of the property holders within two hundred feet. The National organization canu- to the rescue and the ordinance failed. Local societies may, and in most in- stances have, I believe, joined the "National," thus becoming a factor in that Association. I heartily believe in the value of local associations. When we want anything of the .Senator or As- semblymen from Cayuga County, we ask it through the Secretary or President of the Cayuga County Society; if we want anything of the representatives of Seneca County, we ask it through the officers of the Seneca County Society; if we want anything from tlieir Congressman, we ask for it in the same way. The request coming from a home organization re- ceives due consideration at the hands of the Congressman, Senator or Assembly- man; when, if it had come in the first place from the State or National Asso- ciation, each representative realizing that he was interested and responsible only in a general way with the whole of them, it would have received but scant, perhaps not any, consideration. 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 115 One object of the Association is to en- tourage tilio or^janization of bee-keepers' societies in every county in the State. I urge yon, one and all, to persevere ; do not wait or expect your officers to do it all ; you should help, it is a duty you owe the organization, your pursuit and yourselves. The enforcement of the law prohibit- ing the manufacture and sale of adulter- ated honey is a matter that should re- ceive our attention sooner or later — and the sooner the better. This is known as a pure-food law, and it is one of the duties of the State Board of Health to enforce it. I saw a statement in Olainings for April, 1900, stating that a "new enter- prise had started on the East side of New York in which they were adulterating honey by the carload ; that twelve car- loads had been turned out in sixty days." I immediately wrote the Secretary of State Board of Health calling his atten- tion to the matter, but never received any reply. I wrote him again recently on the subject requesting an early reply. I have received a reply to this letter, dated January 3d, which I will lay before you. Judging from what I have learned, the State Board of Health has never made an attempt to enforce the law ; hence the Legislature declines to vote it any appropriation for the purpose. It is the duty of the Department of Agri- culture to enforce that portion of the pure-food laws relating to butter. The Department has shown its willingness and ability to enforce this law ; and I would recommend that the enforcement of the law relating to adulterated honey be put under its control, if the Depart- ment will consent, and tliat prompt and necessary steps be taken to accomplish this result. This Association is entitled to one del- egate to the Pure-food Congress, which meets at Washington soon ; do not neg- lect to take advantage of this opportunity to be represented at that Congress. I would again respectfully call your attention to the Pan-American Exposi- tion, to be held at Buffalo this year. I trust you will aid in securing and making a creditable exhibit in the Apiarian De- partment. It is also proposed to hold the annual convention of the National Bee-keepers' Association at Buffalo, during the Exposition ; if so, I would recommend and urge you all to attend that convention. Let us give it an attendance thnt will be creditable to this, the Empire State. One object of this meeting is to confer and lay out work for the coming year. It is your first duty to do this in order that your officers may act promptly and intelligently upon the many questions facing us, knowing that they voice your views on these questions. The busy bee is now engaged In storing tons of lioney; And man, anon, will busy be In turning it to money. — Exchange. ARTIFICIAL SWARMING. A Scientific Analysis of Proper Methods. BY ABTHLTB C. MILLER. THE wisdom or unwisdom of prac- ticing artificial swarming depends chiefly upon your ability to observe the many conditions necessary.to suc- cess. The conditions are in the order of their importance : Population of the colony; its size and constitution; relative proportion of sealed and unsealed brood; present or prospective honey-flow. These may be analyzed a-^ follows: Population of colony, is it medium, large or very large ? Do young or old bees predominate, or wiiat is their rela- tive proportion ? If the colony is large to very large, seldom any effort need be made to add to the " swarm " the young bees as they hatch from the old combs. This, however, is modified by the near- ness of the honey-flow and its probable duration. If the flow be distant or pro- tracted, it is best to follow some plan which will unite them. If the colony is but medium in size it is decidedly an ad- vantage to give to it all the young bees possible ; but this, too, is qualified by the honey-flow. Do young or old bees predominate ? By young bees I mean those under three weeks from the cell. If old bees pre- dominate, the forced swarm will not be a success unless the flow is short and sharp or is far enough distant to permit the brood in the old combs to become available workers. But with such a colony 'twere better not to swarm it until it is in proper condition; and then the honey-flow may not coincide. 11(5 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June Second. Relative proportion of sealed and unsealed brood. If the combs con- tain relatively little unsealed brood, all, or nearly all, the bees may be put in the swarm and the combs given to some nucleus to care for; but if the unsealed predominates, many bees mu3t be left to eare for it ; and as these are necessa- rily young bees, their loss to the swarm is of considerable importance, particu- larly if you are producing comb-honey. Third. Honey-flow. Is it present or to come ? Is it of long or short duration ? If it is present or close at hand, unhatch- ed brood is of no immediate value and all dependence must be placed on the size of the swarm and its composition. If the hr)ney-flow is short and sha»'p, this is of special importance. If the honey- flow is of long duration, say four or six weeks, any method of artilicial swarm- ing to be profitable, must be so arranged as to give to the swarm all of the young bees as soon as possible after they hatch. Such Is a brief outline of the general conditions. The procedure of arti- ficial swarming the bees is about as follows: When it is decided to '-swarm" a colony, remove it from its stand and put in its stead a hive containing frames with starters of foundation; and if the honey-flow is ''on," place over this a (lueen-exchiding honey-board and the sections or extracting super. Let me remark right here that if you are pro- ducing comb-honey, and if pollen is abundant, it will be well to put a comb in the body of the hive to catch the in- coming pollen. Next, take the combs from the old hive — an outside comb first as it is the least likely to have the queen — and shake the bees from them down in front of the new hiv(\ Don't bother to look for the queen, just shake the combs free from the bees and stand them out of the way. Complete the operation by shaking the bees from the body and bottom-board of the old hive. There is little danger of injuring the queen, for after the first frame has been shaken therc^ is an ample cushion of bees for her to di'op upon. The combs containing brood are scattered among nuclei or given to some colony selected for that purpose. Another plan is to proceed as before up to the point of shaking the bees, then find the queen and place the comb she is on in at one side of the new hive, then the excluder and super on top and above that the old brood-chamber, there to re- main for ten days, after which all bees are shaken down in front of the hive and the brood disposed of as before. When this latter plan is used, it is best that the swarming be done at least a week before the honey-flow. Inexperi- enced persons must be reminded, when trying this latter way, especially during very hot weather, to give some ventila- tion to the upper brood-chamber. I often place an enameled cloth mat over the super before I place the old hive on top. I turn one end or corner of the mat back sufficiently to give the bees ready passage and then insert a chip or a nail under the opposite end of the upper brood-chamber. This gives suf- ficient ventilation, the bees cannot get out there and the super is not perceptibly cooled. Perhaps the most important element ill making artificial swarms is in decid- ing when to do tt. It can be done when- ever honey is coming in ; but "tis only profitably done at the beginning of or during what we commonly term the honey-flow; i. e., when a surplus is being !-tored. The bees may prepare to swarni naturally before we really wish to make swarms, in which case we must make the best of it. and anticipate their action. ()nci> in a- while these forced swarms decline to stay " put," and th(Mi it !.>- necessary to give them a frame of un- sealed brood. Hy proper combination of two or more colonies, grand swarms may be made, which will yield wonder- ful quantities of honey from short and heavy flows. Where the flow is slow and protracted, or where one has to de- 1901 rHE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 117 pend on a succession of short crops, these combined swarms are very apt to prove a loss. They yield well enough while they last, but they don't stay big. There is almost no end to the variation of the foregoing plans, and each person sihould study the conditions of his own locality before plunging into any system of forced swarming. Whether it is easier or more economical to allow the bees to swarm naturally than to control them, is a question, the answer to which depends upon the personal and local circumstances, and each individual must decide these for himself. Providence, R. L, May 1, 1901. "The age of worker bees varies greatly with the season of the year: from one to eight months." PUBLISHED MOXTHLY BY THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Editor. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance: 2 copies 85cts.; .3 copies. 1^1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the L'nited States and Can- ada: 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, '.i wor.ls; $2.00 per inch Five per cent, discount for two insertions: seven per cjnt. for tliree insertions; 10 per cent. f;r six insertions: twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the l.ith of eacli month to insure insertion in the month following. CF~Matter8 relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The Amekicax Bee-keei'er, Falconer, X.Y. j;^~ Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. Z^~ Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with tliis number. ^Ve hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. Z^° A red wr;ipper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. I'lease give the matter your early attention. Investigate thoroughly before consigning tlie product of your labor to strang-ers. June, the month of flowers, the clang of the extractor, the hum of swarms, and buoyant spirits. The generous response to our re- quest for contributions has enabled us to greatly reduce the edito". ial space, and turn it over to more capable writers. Mr. J. H. Martin, the inimitable "Rambler," row has apiaries in both Central and Southern Califor- nia, and writes. "I have learned that this is the only way to run bees successfully in this State.'" The most interesting question to Colorado bee-keepers at this time appears to be foul-brood. Colo- rado's numerous and extensive apiaries afford a great field for its spread; though its inspectors are keenly alert to the situation. A propitious outlook for a hnnov crop is reported from many local- ities throughout the Union. As for Florida, the outlook at this writing (April 15th) is very favorable — for one of the smallest crops within the history of the business. Michigan has secui'ed the passage of a joint bill which now gives that State a sort of hybrid foul-brood law. From the Ji^erieir's editorial comments, we are inclined to re- lis THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Jane garcLthis somewl^at- iiv tlie- same light as all "combined" devices — better than none, perhaps, but far shiprt of. the actual requirements. The Bee-keeper has recently re- ceived very kind and complimentary mention in the editorial columns of the Bee-Keejyers' Revievj and in Gleanings in Bee Culture^ two of the world's leading apicultural publica- tions. We are not un appreciative of such courtesies. In the Austriul Culturist^ ihe of- ficial organ of the National Bee- keepers' Committee of Victoria, Aus- tralia, under date of October, 1 900, "a plentiful supply from Jamaica" is given as a cause of the dull mar- ket for honey in Europe. Geo- graphically Jamaica is small, but it is making itself known iu the api- cultural world. Smoke is a necessary commodity in the apiary and is sometimes very essential to the comfort of the ope- rator; but there are times when its use should be strictly avoided. In the treatment of a case of robbers, or in handling swarms, a spray of water is safe and usually effective; while a blast from the smoker is liable to result in the loss of a swarm or colony. ' The recent discussions in these columns relating to paralysis, has ^iven rise to much inquiry as to whether it is a fact that the disease is so much more prevalent in the South than in the northern coun- tries. How many of our readers in the Northei n States have had ex- perience with this malady? Per- sonally, we do not remember to have seen a case of genuine paral- ysis in the North; while we usually have more or less of it each season hei'e in the far South. Last season we used a large num- ber of blocks in which to have queen-cells built, and reported that in no case had a cell been destroyed when introduced in these wood- protected blocks. This plan is de- scribed on page 227 of The Bee- keeper for December, 1900. This season we have had a number of cells attacked and destroyed from the base, and would, therefore, ad- vise those who have the blocks in use, to protect the base by placing a small piece of tin or wood over the opening at the top, when plac- ing the cell in a new colony. E. F. Atwater, in American Bee Journal^ says he has hud experience in using both theDoolittle and the Pridgen methods of transferrin ir larvae to the artificial cell-cups, and that he prefers the Doolittle plan ; giving as the chief reason his ability to transfer the tiny larva without mutilating the comb. It is not always possible to induce the* breeding queen to lay in "any old comb '' which has been hacked and cut bef ore, ' j-ust at the desired time: hence, the frequent necessity of re- sorting, to our valued brood-combs for suitable larvae. We have for some time regarded this as the greatest objection to the practice of "baby, cradle and all" method. Ifs hard on the brood combs. Among bee-keepers, the strongest incentive to the exercise of invent- ive genius is, undoubtedly, inexpe- rienced enthusiasm. Visions of labor-saving, automatic and elec- trical devices usually haunt th(^ mind of the tyro. It is not improb- able that the study, which is a natural outgrowth of such concep- tions, yields its indirect reward; and it is equally improbable that any phase of the profession shall ever be revolutionized through 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 119 ideas iacubated by the heat of in- experienced enthusiasm. Several years of study and practice will enable the beginner to better un- derstand the deficiencies and to suggest means for their relief. A careful study of modern apicultural history — say back to 1852 — is an excellent introductory course for the studiously inclined who seek to alleviate the needs of the present and to point out the errors of the oli practitioner. Personal experi- menting and the honest expression of ideas are always commendable; but the novice should not feel in- jured in the event of his ideas fail- ing to elicit the enthusiasm of the staid old veterans. CO-OPERATIVE QUEEN REARING. As it now appears, Mr. J. H. Martin, of California, will be en- titled to the credit of haviiig afford- ed the sensation of the season, in bee-keeping circles. Mr. Martin's progressive idea is to have formed a co-operative queen-supplying em- porium, with an extensive guaran- teed patronage, and placed under the direction of an expert scientific queen breeder; thus reducing the cost of production to a minimum, and insuring stock of the very highest standard of excellence. This ideal queen-rearing apiary would be equipped witti the latest and best of everything essential to the production of the best stock and to facilitate the production of its especial commodity at a cost great- ly reduced over present methods. According to the American Bee Journal^ Mr. J. F. Mclntyre made an estimate that if a breeder could rely upon supplying a sufficiently large number of queens without having to advertise, the queens could be sold at fifteen cents each ; while the members present at the c o n v e n t i o n of California bee- keepers, where the plan was launch- ed, were willing to pay twenty-five cents. It was thought that upon this basis five thousand queen^s would be ordered by the bee-keepe.rg of only two counties of that State. Editor York evidently has "an eye to windward '" when he enquires : "Can good queens, such as Mr. Martin's paper calls for, be bred for twenty-five cents each?" This is a question that will agitate other minds before the plan is under- taken. The Journal also states that the bee-keepers present at that convention were willing to place an order for one thousand queens at twenty-five cents each. It is not improbable that, having reasonable assurance of good stock, almost any other small body of honey pro- ducers would evince an equal amount of business sagacity. We would do naug;ht to discourage such a sublime conception. We have great faith in the possibilities of co-operatiou ;■ but our prayer that Mr Martin may live to see his plan in successful operation, we confess, is not backed by the implicit faith which we should be pleased to entertain. $200 QUEENS. An editorial on page 97, ' May number, referring to fictitious values placed upon queens for ad- vertising purposes, etc , has elicited the attention of our esteemed con- temporary, Gleanings in Bee Culture, to the extent of a solid page in defense of very high-priced stock, and making use of high valuation in advertising. Oar remarks were not of a personal nature, at all; though Editor Root devotes his at- tention largely to the defense of his own action, in placing a valuation of two hundred dollars upon a breed- ing queen, and advertising the fact. Mr. Root evidently thinks the prac- 130 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER June tice legitimate — and perhaps it is — - though we cannot but feel that it is, in one way, a gross deception, and a practice which will work seri- ous evil to the pursuit. It is an insignificant assertion, denoting no good qualities whatever; yet cap- able of universal imitation, without restriction or restraint; while it extorts thousands of dollars from the pockets of the inexperienced. What ambitious beginner would not glory in the ownership of a queen, the daughter of a two hun- dred-dollar mother? The beginner who would not sell his clothes and subsist for a month on the ecstasy of anticipation, in order to acquire such an honor, is not the right ma- terial for a successful b3e-l<:eeper. As Mr. Root intimates, there is no doubt that a certain queen may be of such, or even higher value in fact, to an extensive breeder; but it is not plain how such could be the case with a queen regarding which it is admitted, "It is hardly probable that even a large percent- age of the queens from long- tongued stock will be duplicates of their mothers." It is difficult to see wherein the great value could exist, even in the case of an ex- tensive breeder, if the "high-priced" mother was of the kind which do not duplicate themselves in a large percentage of cases. The exceed- ingly high prices placed upon other stock is cited by our contemporary as parallel examples of this decep- tive and unjust practice. Now, does any reader of this journal know of an instance where such extra- ordinary value — being twem y times higher than prevailing prices for the very best stock known hereto- fore— has been accidentally dis- covered, in an individual case ? Without much personal knowledge as to what might have transpired amo-ng breeders of other stock than bees, we will venture the prediction that, if such a thing ever did occur, the value rested in the animal's characteristic of imparting its merits to its off'spring — and then the abnormal value would be largely retained and monopolized by the owner. And would he, without having paid such a price, or re- fused a bona fide offer of such a price, proclaim the merits of this recently discovered animal by a string of figures? What could be more ridiculous than to attempt to measui'e and express merit in stock ,by dollars and cents? One thing not readily understood is this: What power impelled the several fortunate owners of such valuable queens to rise respectively to $50, $100 and $200; and by what rule were these excessive valuations so permanently fixed at the respective altitudes? If not governed by the anticipated result of such an ad- vertisement on one hand, and modesty upon the other, what power or rule decreed the exact position each should occupy upon the scale, and there bid it rest? Mr. Root expresses the opinion that if we had given this matter suf- ficient thought, we woul i never have published the paragraph in question. We beg to assure our contemporary that that paragraph was not hastily penned, but is the outgrowth of vei^y sef'ious and honest thought. We believe the practice to be working harm to the interests of the pursuit wo ai'e pledged to serve; and "though the heavens fall" we shall continue to proclaim that which we honestly believe to be for the general good of American apicultui'e. The Ambkican Bee-keepkr is at the head of the list of monthlies, regardless of price. — H. M. Jameson. SPECIAL PAN-AMERICAN PAGE. PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION, Buffalo, May 1 to November 1, 1901. Althougli ground was first broken for the Pan- American Expositioii on the 2l!tli day of September, lS9ii, it was not until June 4th last year tliat the first timber was raised aloft as the beginning of the su- perstructure of the first building. Since that day a beautiful city of more tlian one hundred build- ings has sprung into existence which, on Wednes- day, May 1st, was formally opened for a six months' festival. It may be said to the credit of Buffalo that her citizens have furnished the money for it, receiving no government aid. The entire amount appro- priated by the Federal Government for this Expos- ition has been expended under the direction of the Government Board of Federal e.xhibits exclusively. The New York State appropriation has also been expended under the same conditions. The total cost of the Exposition, including the Government and State appropriations, the cost of the Midway and other buildings, is conservatively estimated at $10,000,000. The general architecture of the Expo- sition follows the Spanish Renaissance. The plan was worked out by a board of eight leading archi- tects representing several of the leading cities of the country. The most comprehensive view of the Exposition is, perhaps, obtained from the Esplanade from a point a few rods north of the Triumphal causeway. Here the visitor, with one sweep of the eye, may see nearly all of the principal buildings of the Ex- position. The Triumphal Causeway, behind him, is a magnificent structure, designed by John M. Carrere, chairman of the Board of Architects. Four tall pylons are connected by swinging cables. The pylons are surmounted by four standard bearers; designed by Karl Bitter, the director of sculpture. The bridge, as a whole, is intended to express the pride of the American people in their achievements. Terminating the buttresses of the piers are four groups of trophies typifying Peace and Power, modeled by Augustus Lukeman. In the niches on the side of the bridge are statues symbolical of Hospitality, Love of Truth, Patriot- ism, Liberty, etc. On each side of the bridge are fountains of rearing horses and figures clustered about tall poles which carry huge silken flags. The fountain on the east typifies the Atlantic Ocean, and that on the west the Pacific ocean, with one base uniting the two. The sculptor of these is Philip Martiny. Beneath the bridge are subter- ranean grottos modeled after the famous Buttes de Chaumont. Turning now to the eastern wing of the Espla- nade, the observer will note the group of three government buildings, the open space being em- bellished with sunken gardens, fountains and stat- uary. At the left, marking the western boundary of the Esplanade, are the Horticulture. Mines and Graphic Arts buildings, this court being, also, dec- orated with statuary, fountains and flowers. Look- ing due north, the majestic Electric Tower rises to a height of 409 feet. This tower stands at the north end of the Court of Fountains and constitutes a very beautiful centerpiece. On the eastern side of the Court of Fountains are the Ethnology, Man- ufacturers and Liberal Arts aad the Agriculture buildings. On the west side are the Temple of Music, Slachinery and Transportation, and Elec- tricity buildings. Beyond the tower is the Plaza whose northern boundary is marked by the Propy- Isea, a very beautiful architectiiral screen, rich in color decorations and ornamentation of statuary. East of the Plaza is the great Stadium, a mam- moth building having a seating capacity tor about twelve thousand people. West of the Plaza is the entrance to the Midway, where one mav spend days enjoying the multitude of novel entertain- ments. The beauty of the picture is beyond the power of anyone adequately to describe, for no words can convey to the mind the glorious result of the com- bined efforts of the architect, the sculptor, the landscape gardener, the colorist and the electrician. They have all worked harmoniously to produce a set picture upon such a magnificent scale as to dazzle and delight every beholder. One of the pleasure trips within the Exposition grounds is the circumnavigation of the buildings upon a broad canal by means of launches which stop at convenient points. This canal, over a mile long, surrounds the main group of E.xposition buildings. A miniature railway also skirts the Exposition fence and will be found convenient by many. The Midway Red Star Route. With the object in view of presenting a route of wholesome fun and instruction, some of the enter- prises have gone together in an organization called the lied Star lioute, guaranteeing absolutely their entire offerings as wholesome antl free from all objectionable features. The following brief de- scriptions of their exhibits will give the reader an idea how to do the Midway without suffering the humiliation of having been "done" by it. Naturally, the first visit will be made to the electr.c reproduction of the Burning Mountain of the Sandwich Isles— the Volcano of Kilauea, be- cause of its nearness to the main entrance to The Midway. The spectators stand within an extinct crater of this perpetual tire mountain of Hawaii. Tne admission is Jo cents. Nexc to tne Volcano you visit the Hawaiian Vil- lage, where you will find the now world-renowned Native Band of Hawaii, whose music, especially the Hawaiian national airs, are delightful. The price here is also 'ibc. Next, for the sake of patriotism, visit the great electric cyclorama, the Battle of Mission Ridge. Its management begs that the G. A. R. will make their commodious waiting rooms their general headquarters. The price of admission is uniformly 25 cents. The Filipino Village, Band, Bolo Dancers and Theatre is one of the genuine novelties of this great fair. It is a big colony and contains repre- sentatives from nearly all the races inhabiting the islands. Price of admission here, 25c. You have now reached the Mall. Before you lies the Administration Building; within its beautiful gardens, by special virtue and right accorded it, you will find a hand.some brick \ enetian edifice which contains the greatest wonder of all the Ex- position-Baby Culture, as practically demonstrat- ed, by the Qbata Company of London. Berlin and New Y^ork. This concession must not be eon- founded with the Midway. It is a separate and distinct exhibition of the Infant Incubators, from the London and Berlin Institutes and has lor its object the saving of the lives of the poor little un- fortunate babies who happen to have been prema- turely born, 'i'he admission here is also 25c. On the Midway, and immediately opposite the great Horticultural Building, you will find the Herodian Palace containing the sacred spectato- rium, Jerusalem and the Crucifixion of Christ. Before you is Golgotha. The Savior of all man- kind upon the cross, surrounded by guar.is with the rabble standing apart. Only a few of the faithful are seen. They endeavor to comfort Mary, the Holy Mother of the Crucified Lord. Broken in spirit, exhausted by agony, she presses with her hands the bleeding feet of her Son and wets them with her tears. The Holy City of Jeru- salem backs this grand group of the atonement. Such is the itinerary offered in the route laid out by the Red Star Line. A gamut of passion running from happy laughter to that of passionate tears. Y'ou have, closely linked, eight exhibitions covering Science, Music, Drama, Physical Geo- graphy, Ethnic Study, Patriotism and Religion. Y'ou gratify curiosity, you feed the mind, enjoy laughter, "stimulate patriotism and receive inci- dentally the Lasting Lesson. AGENTS Wanted ' WashTng'lviachines. You can double your money every time you sell one and they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They are cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free. The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N.Y. ALUMINUM and Non-metallic LEG BANDS, 12 for 1.5c.; 35, 30c.: .50, 50c.; 100, $;1.00. Special prices to dealers. 100 Envelopes 45c.; 250 75c.; 500 $1.00; 1,000 |;l. 75. V,x'J'., Note Heads, Cards or Shipping Tags same price as envelopes. Send 10c. for six months' trjal subscription to Western Farni- liig package Lice Killer 50c.; big pkg. Poultry Compound 50c. FEINTING! Cuts to illustrate. Poultry, 30 pages. i-(it WACLE PUB. CO., Marshall, Mo. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. .^1 00 a year. Address, CONNECTICUT FAKMER, tf Hartford, Conn The FANCIEES' GAZETTE INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Attention! Poultry Raisers. "Diseases of Poultry and Their Cure" !.- a book giving a careful and thorough des- cription of all diseases counuoii to poultry. It will tell you what is tlie matter with your fowls when they are sick, and will give you the surest cure. Every poultr\ raiser needs it. Price 25 cents, post paid. Published by the Eureka Mfg. Co.. '2-6t East St. Louis, 111. The finest line of Wooden Advertising Novelties, such as Thermometers, Match Safes, liulers. Yard- sticks, etc. made in the world, is the line manufac- tured by The American Mfg. Concern, Jamestown. N.Y. A monthly poultry paper of from 40 to GO pages, vphich keep.s at the front as a genuine, high-class poultry publication. It also issues illus- trations of fowls in their natural colors. It is devoted to pou.try raising in all of its branches. Send your address to it for a free copy. The price of the paper per year is 50 cents, six months 25 cents. 2-6t (X) Perfected Von Culin Incubator is known pretty well all over the country and has never failed to prove satisfactory when handled by a person of intelligence and with ordinary attention. We guar- antee them to be satisfactory or yon needn't pay for them. What's more fair than this oflfer, and doesn't it show that we mean what we say as to its merits? Send for catalogue!. The W. T. FALCONER MFC. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. The Modern Farmer and Busy Bee, Edited by Emerson Taylor Abbott, who is well-known among bee-keepers, is push- ing to the front rapidly as a general farm paper. Send for their Premium List and get up a club. They are making some of the most liberal offers ever made by a publisher. Address at once, Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mo. ii-tf High-grade Belgian Hares. We have a fine lot of high-grade pedigreed Belgians which we will sell at bed-rock prices if taken at once. Qir Britain, a wortliy grand- son of Lord Britain in the stud. Write at once and say wha you want and we will quote prices. Sample copy of a Farm Paper Free. Eed King Belgian Hare Co., St. Joseph, Mo. " The CRITERION. $100 per year. 10 cents a copy. The best illustrated moutlily magazine of the kind published. Its pages are filled by a brilliant array of writers and artists. Its authoritative and independent re- views of books, plays, music and art; its clever stories, strong special articles, humor and verse, with tine illustrations, make it a necessity in every intelligent home. The very low subscription price — :fl.00 per year — puts it within the reach of all. Reliable agents wanted in every town. Extra- ordinary inducements. Write for particulars. A trial subscription will prove it. Write to-day for sample copy. Criterion Publication Co., Subscription Dept. il E. 21st St., N.Y. City. 4, It. eom l^ll" Queens. Our strain of Italians we believe to be unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our location being farther South than that of any other breeder in the United States, we can ship queens any day in the year. No disease. Untested queens $1.00 each. Special prices quoted on special queens, and on quantities. We guarantee safe delivery of queens to all parts. Our mating grounds are situated 2^ miles from the mainland, on an island. SOUTHERN BEE COMPANY, Fort Pierce, Indian River, H. E. Hill, Mgr. Fla., U. S. A. 12tf DIRECT FROM PRODUCERy^^Rgx°"->'OBftH^^Q)'^'^^^ [VERYTHIHG(I?EhBfERffiODY piEAsc MENTION Jt QREAT OR SMALL ^ ^'^ paper WRITE FDR CftTALOOUE. ENCLOSE I OOS.TO HELP (W POSTAGE The Northwest Magazine. Beautifully printed and illustrated and with over 30,000 monthly circulation among the most progressive Farmers, Fruit Growers and Agricultui-al Special- ists of the great Northwest; Is an Exceptionally Profitable Medium to Advertise In. It goes to nearly every postoffice be- tween Wisconsin and the Pacific Coast, and is read by business men and every- body. For 1901 advertising rates, address THE NORTHWEST MAGAZINE, St, Paul, Minn. This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others Tould notice YOCKadvt. in The Am. Bee-keeper. $200 Red=clover Queen. , OFFER No. 35. ON SEPTEMBER 1st last we announced that we finally had a red-clover queen fully equal to the one we had years ago. The colony of this queen has given one of the most remarkable showings on red clover of any bees we have ever had. The queen in question is an ioiported one, and therefore of the genuine pure leather-colored Italian stock. We sent out daughters from her all the season. But we did not discover her value until the clover season, second growth, came on, and then her colony so out- distanced all the other 450 that she attracted attention at once. It must be understood that these queens are not golden yellow, neither are their bees of the five- banded stock. They are simply leather-colored Italians, whose mother came direct from Italy. Since the notice appeared regarding this queen we have hardly been able to supply all of the queens that were wanted from tliis stock. Many daughters of this queen we sent out before we knew her value, and it now transpires that some of the finest bees in the land are from queens we sent out early. V\ e are now booking orders for the coming season, and make the following offer, but no queens will be furnished except to those who subscribe for GLEANINGS, and only one with each year's subscription. All arrear- ages must be paid to the end of this year. Gleanings for 1901 and one untested red-clover queen, f2.00; Gleanings one year and a tested red-clover queen, $4.00; a select tested red-clover qusen and Gleanings one year for .¥(!.00. We will begin mailing these queens in June, 1901. Orders are already being entered, and the same will be filled in rotation. Do not neglect to improve this opportunity and get some choice stock, and send your order early so you may get the queen correspondingly early in the season. Vt'e are using every precaution to winter this qu;3n safjly, but r3S3rv3 tho right in case of her loss this winter to substituts from other select tested stock of this strain which we ar3 holding in reserve, or to give the subscriber the benefit of any of our other clubbing offjrs if desirjd. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. XT ]E5 :E3 3^ir ^ Improved Golden, and Leather Colored Italian, is what H. G. Quirin rears. We have one of Root's best Red-clover breeders from their $200 queen and a Golden breeder from Doolittle. who says, "If there is a queen in the United States woith §100. this one is."' These breeders have been added to our already improved strain of queens for the coming season. J. L. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., wrote us on Aug. 15, 1900, saying that the colony having one of our queens had already stored over 400 pounds of honey, mostly comb. He states that he is certain our bees work on RED CLt)VER, as they were the only kind in his locality and apiary. A. I. Root's folks say that our queens are extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal tells us that he has sood reiiorts from onr queens from time to time. We have files unon files of un- solicited testimonials. After considering above evidence, need you wonder that our orders have increased each year? Give us a trial order and be pleased: we have had years of experience in rearing and mailing queens: safe delivery will be guaranteed; instruc- tions for introducing sent with each lot of queans. Price before July li^t: i i 12 Warranted stock - - ¥■ '5 $4 2". ?8 00 Selected Warranted - - 1 CO 5 dO 9 511 Tested . . . . ] r)(i 8 00 15 00 Selected Tested - - 2 00 10 50 Extra selectct tested, the best money can buy, $1.00 each. FOLDING CARTONS with your address ]irintedon in two colors, $i per 1,000; 500, $2. T5 H. C. QUIRIN, Parkertown, Ohio. 4 lit (Parkertown is now a Money Order Office.) mwn imilQl A COLD OR COUGH NffxIeC, ;; Cold or Coutrh and if La (iripiK^ (lou'l i.'t't vnu. Consumption will- €U.stHMAK'S lJ«'IfA]LER cure? coltN and ;ill diseases of the breath- f way |i;is-i!iBes. You losedolln's In doc- tor billsin not beeping tUSEMAN'S SNII.41,nil hntiriy to drive off a cold Of cniiifh or «ore throat at Its very first approach. If ynii can't i:el it at Drueelsts send for It." " By miiil, ^» cents. Send fnr Kniik on Menthol, free. CISILIIAN IIUCGCO., VIXCEN.NES, INU., U. S. A. tf BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. Tills cut represents our Combhied Machine, wliich is tiie best machine made for use in the construction ot Hives, Sections. Bo.xes etc. "^ent oa trial. Send for Cata- logue and Price List. ^ W. F. I'll John Bakxes Co., 9i:i Ruby St.. Rockford. Typewriters ♦^ and Cameras. ♦ If any reader of The Bee-keeper is contem- plating the purchase of a photographic outfit or a writing machine, I should be pleased to have him correspond with me before placing an order for either. I am in a position to offer new instruments of the highest grade, direct from the manufac- turers, at the lowest possible prices. Respectfully, 3-tf. H. E. Hill, Ft. Pierce, Fla. Beeswax wantea We will pay 28 cents cash or 31 cents in goods for good quality of Beeswax, freight paid to FALCON- ER, N.Y. If you have any, ship itto us at once. [Prices subject to change without notice.] The W. T. Falconer Mfa:. Co. EGGS IN WINTER Are easily obtained under ri;lit conditions and p-oner attention. Subscribe for our ponltrv- pairr and k'arn how, 25 cts. a year. Fa-nple conv fre-^-. THE POpLTRY ITEM, Eox 190, FmcKS, Pa. TT. i»j.. vidii^ii, u^aMj i.> ui ting iiaui, xi . H., keeps a complete supply of our goods, and eastern cnstomers will save freight by ordering of him. The W. T. Falco:ner Mfg. Co. BEE SUPPLIES from LEWIS They are the finest. THOUSANDS OP BEE HIVES, MILLIONS OF SECTIONS, Ready for Prompt Shipment. G- B- LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., =— — — ^^= TI. S. A. Branch: G. B. LEWIS CO., 19 So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every new subscriber sending *1.00 for tl-e weekly American Bee Journal for one year will receive a copy of Newman's 160 page "Bses and Honey" free. The old American Bee Journal is great this year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Journal free. Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, lU. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 1897. Circulation 5,000. Devoted exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Israel, Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. LJ ^ I I (^ I Do you want sonre good pure nci—i—y*^. bred POULTRY? We can furnish you ECCS FOR HATCH- ING from fine White Wonder fowls, R. C. B. Leg- horns, B. P. Rocks, Partridge Cochins; S. L., Gold- en and Black Wyandottes, Toulouse Geese, Rouen Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want something good send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, Itf The Eureka Poultry Farm, Established 19 years. Hamburg, Wis. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S. BEGINNERS. should have a copy of The Amateur Eee-keeper, a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "It is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price 2i cents; by mail 28 cents. The little' book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, (a live, progressive, 28 page monthly journal,) one year for 65c. Apply to any first-class dealer, or address LEAHY MFG- CO,, HiggiMvuie, mo. A BATH when UMPIRE takea in an ^ Portable Folding BATH TUB. L'^sed in any room. Agexts Wanted. Catalogue Free. The empire WASHER CO., Jamestown,n.y. PLUCK'S ideal farmer — an unsophisticated green- horn with hayseed in his whiskers — is now extinct except in Puck. The modern farmer enjoys the graces of life as much as his urban brother. No need to go without a bath-tub when You can have one sent for CLUBBING LIST. We will send The American Bee-keeper with the — PRICE BOTH American Bee Journal $1 00 $1 35 Bee-keepers" Review 1 00 1 :-5 Canadian Bee Journal 1 00 1 35 Gleanings in Bee Culture 100 135 American Queen 50 60 Modern Culture 1 00 1 00 BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long experience, should have at least one good text book upon the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee-keeping. In ordering by mail be sure to add the amount of postage named: Postage Price, extra. A B C of Bee Culture (A.I. Root) , cloth *1 00 20c. Bee-keepers' Guide (Prof. A. J. Cook) 1 00 15c. Langstroth on Honey Bee, rev. (Dadant) 1 10 15c. Quinby's New Bee-keeping (Quinby) . . 1 40 10c. Thirty Years Among Bees (Alley) 48 2c. How to Manage Bees ( Vandruff ) 25 5c Amateur Bee-keeper (Rouse) 20 5c. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Jamestown, N.Y. firiMIIMMIIIIIIIlllMlllliMniiMMiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiinii |The Lamp of Steady Habits! The lamp that doesn't flare up or smoke, or cause you to use bad language j the lamp that looks good when you get it and stays good; the lamp that you never willingly part with, once you have it ; that's IIIIIIIIMIIIIillllllll Ulim Other lamps may be offered you as " just as good " — they may be, in some respects, but for all around goodness, there's only one. To make sure the lamp offered you is genuine, look for the name on it ; every New RocG^ester lamp has it. We make oil stoves too, just as good as the lamps; in fact, anything in oil or gas fixtures. The Rochester Lamp Co., 38 Park Place and 33 Barclay St., New York. aiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiaiiiuiiiiiiiimiiiiuiiiuiiiuiiiiiiiiaiiiiuiiuiiiuuiittUiitiiiiimiiiiiiititiitiiUUHia Patent Wired Comb Foundation ' has no Sag in Brood Frames. Thin Flat Bottom Foundation has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey. Being the cleanest is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made. The talk about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish a Wired Foun- dation that is BETTEU, CHEAPER and not half the trouble to use that it is to wire brood frames. Circulars and samples free. J. VAN DEUSEN &, SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Montgomery County, Spkout Brook, N.Y. ; Please mention American Bee-keepeu. WHENVQU DROPaDOLLAR it is a good plan to look where it strikes, that you may pick it up again. When you invest a dollar for advertising space in Poultry Pointers, at our special rate, it is just like dropping a dollar where you can pick up TWO. Write at once for sample copy, special rates and full particulars to POUIaTRY FOINTEIRS Office, 5tf .300 West Main Street, Ionia, Mich. The Nebraska Farm Journal A monthly journal devoted to agricultural interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural pa- per in the west. Missouri, Kansas, and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb. UNITED STATES BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. Secretary — Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. General Manager and Treasurer — Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, la. Among industrial organs, a small paper that sticks closely to its subject is worth a cartload of the aimless nomads that claim to co rer the whole field. Subscribe now for The A.«. Bee-keepeu. It circulates m Nebraska, Iowa One Year 10c. If you are not a subscribeT '° Tlie Poultry Industry, --',*g silver, and get this vigorous up-to-date poultry journal one whole year. Every copy is worth the year's subscription price. .Stf The Poultry Industry, Box 218, Gouverneur, N.Y 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE Trade Marks Designs Copyrights &c. Anvone sending a sTcetcb and description may quicklv ascertain our opinion froe whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest aceney for securing patents. Patents taken throuch Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Scientific American, i A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir- culation of anv scientific journal. Terms, $3 a J year : four months, ?1. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN &Co.3siBroadwav.|^ew York i Branch Office, 6?.5 F St., Washington, D. C. Just a minute of youi time ! ; ScMul US a list of tho b(Mvko((pors in' your vicinity and we will scud them] sample copios of The Bek-keepeb. ThiSc will not tako much of your time or be; much trouble to you and you will bci doing your friends a favor. | Entered at the Postoiiiee, Falconer, N.Y., a second- :"lass matter. Incubator Free on trial. The PERFECTED YON CDLIN — =1NCDBAT0R is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every hatchable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator. Prices '^7. 00 up. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y. Another big Offer! As I have explained in previous advertise- ments, the publisher of a good journal can aflford to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his journal into new hands. I have in the past made several such offers, but here is one that I consider especially liber- al. If you are not a subscriber to the Bee-keepers' KeVieW, send me $1.30 and I will have your subscription to The Aaiekican Bee-keeper renewed for O' e year, send you 12 back numbers of THE REVIEW, and then THE REVIEW for all of 1901. Remember two things : You must be a NEW subscriber to THE RE- VIEW, and the order must be sent to W. Z. HUTCHmSON, Flint, Mich. -e- HOW TO MAKE MONEY With POULTRY & PIGEONS.* 36 pa^e book on care, management, building and other rlaiis, receipts and other valuable Information. Mail- ed for a 2 ct, Btamp. H. H. Frick, Fkicks, Pa. S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railway, Perrine Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. i^tf njf If, BINGHAM -'-"'■J has made all the ini- J ~" provements in k Bee Smokers and ^ Honey Knives made in the last 20 years, undoubtedly he makes the best on earth. Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, uone too large, sent postpaid, per mail $1.50 3!^ inch 1.10 Knife, SO cents. 3 inch l.no 2 ^ inch ;>n T.F.Bingham, ^|-^^:,„,- 3,,; ;■;: Farwell, Mich. ILLUSTRATED BOOK OF POULTRY. Giving an illustration and description of every Thoroughbred Breed in Ameri- ca, including varieties not yet in thr "Standard." Send for colored circular and special offers. Henry H. Frick, Publisher, Fricks, Pa. t^MEtrF^GllftRANTEED Our fee returned if we fail. Any one sending sketch and description of any invention will promptly receive our opinion free concerning the patent- ability of same. "How to obtain a patent" sent upon request. Patents secured through us advertised for sale at our expense. Patents taken out through us receive special notice^ without charge, in The Patent Record, an illustrated and widely circulated journal, consulted by Manufacturers and Investors. Send for sample copy FREE. Address, VICTOR «/. EVANS Si CO., {Patent Attorneys,) Evans Buiittinffr - WASHINGTON, O, C, Stevens Ideal Rifle. No. 44. Price OnSy $10.00. Made in all the standard cali- l)er.s both Kim and Center Fire. Weight about 7 pounds. Stand- ard barrel for i-iui lire cartridges, 24: inches. For center-fire cart- ridges, 26 inches. If these rifles are not carried in stock by your dealer, send price and we will send it to j'ou express prepaid. Send stamp for catalog describing com- plete line and containing valuable in- formation to shooters. The J. Stevens Arms and Tool Co. p. 0. Box 2881. CHICOPEE FALLS, MASS. Honey Wanted. Good pure extracted, light amber to dark amber honey wanted. A good price paid. SAM. BUSER, Haledon, N. J. 7-3t BOX 41. American Poultry Farm, F. M. Hunger & Sons, DeKalb, III., Breeders of Barred and White Plymouth Rocks, Silver and Wliite Wyandottes. White and Brown Leghorns, Golden Seabright Bantams, Pearl Guineas, Bronze Turkeys, JERSEY CATTLE; also Pedigreed and imported BELGIAN HARES, of "Champion Pashoda," Champion Dash," "Champion Yukon," "Champion Edenboro" and other best imported strains. Twenty-five years experience in breeding. stock and Eggs for sale at all times. Circular and prices on application. 12-t£ "Rome was not built in a day," neither was our reputation. Bee-keepers' Supplies, well and accurately made, of the very best and soundest materials; such goods as have gained for us a name and standing second to none, are manufactured and for sale by The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. You've heard of us. You can see a few at the Pan-Am. AGENTS Wanted ill every town for our Washing Machines. You can double your money every time you sell one and they sc^ll easily. We have sold ov(M- 150,000 in tlie last fourteen years. They are cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free. The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. When writing to advertisers say: " I saw your adv't in The Ambhicax Bee-keepeh." The Modern Farmer and Busy Bee, Edited by Emerson Taylor Abbott, who is well-known among bee-keepers, is push- ing to the front rapidly as a general farm paper. Send for their Premium List and get up a club. They are making some of the most liberal offers ever made by a publisher. Address at once. Modern Farmer, St. Joseph, Mo. n-tf High-grade Belgian Hares. We have a tine lot of hiofh-irrade pedifireed Beljj-ians which we will sell at bed-rock prices if taken at once. Oir Britain, a worthy grand- ^ son of Lord Britain in the stud. Writr at once and say what you want and we will nuote prices. Sample copy of a Farm Paper Free. Red King Belgian Hare Co., St. Joseph, Mo. This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others would notice YOCKadvt. in The Xm. Bue-kebpek. llll' Queens. Our strain of Italians we believe to be unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our location being farther South than that of any other breeder in the United States, we can ship queens any day in the year. No disease. Untested queens $1.00 each. Special prices quoted on special queens, and on quantities. We guarantee safe delivery of queens to all parts. Our mating grounds are situated 2^ miles from the mainland, on an island. SOUTHERN BEE COMPANY, Fort Pierce, Indian River, H. E. Hill, Mgr. Fla., U. S. A. 12tf Go South. The Soil, Climate, Markets and many other advantages invite you. For free copies of Monthly Journal, and for Maps, Plats, Facts. Figures and full information, write A. Jeffers, 351 Main Street, Norfolk, Va. Leaves and Bloom of Saw Palmetto Vol. XI Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. JULY, 1901 No. 7 SAW PALMETTO. Something of a Great Honey Producer, Which is Otherwise Valuable. BY W. S. HART. THE saw palmetto, sable serulatn, is the most dense and plentiful growth of any over large portions of Florida and will grow abundantly and to full development in apparently pun^ sand, where scarcely anything else will thrive. It is a tree the trunk of which may lie under the surface of the ground, directly upon it, or reaching up there- from some ten or twelve feet. The true roots put out from the under side of this trunk wherever it is in contact with the ground. They are the size of a pipe stem and very strong and often penetrate to a depth of fifteen or more feet on high ground. The wood of the trunk is of a peculiar formation, being composed of strong, dark fibers, imbedded in a gran- ular matrix exceedingly rich in tannic acid and potash. Short sections of the trunk with this matrix simply combed out on one side for three-fourths of an inch make very fine scrubbing brushes. This tree is now attracting the attention of capitalists as one of the cheapest and best sources from which to obtain tannic acid for the making of leather, and quite a successful plant for this purpose has already been established at Titusville, this state. The leaf is pinnated and well adapted to various commercial uses, such as the making of paper, an exceptionally clean and springy filling for mattresses, the making of hats; for decorative purposes etc. A paper has been made from it of finest quality and capable of holding oils and other liquids. The leaf stalks put out from a fold of vegetable cloth, as do those of many of the palms, but this is finer and softer than that nf most of the other species. These stems are from a foot to five feet long, according to the conditions under which they grow, and are used by some orange growers to strap orange boxes for shipment. When properly cured they are almost as tough as horn and a much handsomer strap than any on the market, while they also constitute a distinctive mark of Florida fruit that is not likely to be duplicated by any other state or country. The bloom is composed of small, cream-colored flowers on racenes from one to three feet long and oftentimes a foot or more wide, each carrying many hundreds or even several thousands. As a general thing these secrete honey quite freely and also supply a liberal amount of pollen, but once in every few years they will fail to do this. The blooming time is from the middle of April well south in the State to June further north, lasting some years even well into the latter month. The honey is of a fine light amber color, heavy in weight and having a flavor that takes well and wears well on the markets of the North. 133 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER July The foregoing is in reference to the honey frOni the blossom, but in late Fall another grade of honey is obtained from the berry. The berries develop in great clusters, often six or eight of these to the "bud," or terminal head of the tree, from a quart or two to a peck or more often being gathered from one of these. These herries are from the size of an olive to about twice that, and of like shape and seed, though the seed is much smaller in proportion to the size of the fruit. Hun- dreds of tons of these berries are gather- ed each season and s-hipped to chemical works where their very valuable proper- ties are extracted and made into medi- cine to go to all the world. It is only a few years since it was discovered that this fruit contained a large per centage of the oils of bromine and iodine, the only source of the latter from any dry land plant known, I believe. Sansmetto is made from this and sandalwood. The increasingly popular summer drink, "metto," is also made from this berry. After the fruit becomes fully ripe the rich juice oozes through the skin and stands in thick syrupy drops on the out- side, from where the bees gather it, often filling their hives with a rich store almost at the close of the year. There has been no analysis of this honey so far as the writer knows, but there seems to be little doubt that it is of far more value as a medicine for all throat and lung troubles, as well as for the healthful development of the glands of the body, than almost any nostrums now offered suffering humanity. Hogs, cattle, bears, people, all get fleshy and robust when feeding on the berries. This curious tree and its fruit have a future that we of the present can only guess at. For- tunately the supply is almost unlimited, though its growth and fruiting in great- est perfection is largely confined to the sea coast. Hawks Park, Fla.: June 11. H>01. "Bees range ordinarily within two or three miles in all directions from their homes, but sometimes go farther." UNPAINTED HIVES. A Criticism of Mr. Doolittle's Defense, in the May Number. BA' .\UTHIJK C. MI1,I-EK. APPARENTLY Mr. Doolittle always considers any criticism of his ex- pressed views as a personal at- tack, and in his replies often gives way to his feelings. Such an attitude, be it due to whatever cause it may, makes it particularly unpleasant to those who. believing his views erroneous, have to controvert them. In his reply to my article on unpainted hives he has plainly evinced such feeling, and used forms of expression which are not conducive to good feeling, nor what we should expect from one who says: "Trying to hold an- other up to ridicule does not count for anything in an argument." In the reply alluded to he has made some misleading statements and asser- tions to which, for the protection of my- self and of those who, relying on Mr. Doolittle's prominence, assume a thing is so because he says so, I must make answer. To save space, instead of repeating my original remarks, I will refer those interested to the January American Bee-keeper. Freed from its verbiage, Mr. Doolittle's reply is this: As moisture cannot pass through the walls of a paint- ed hive, it condenses on the inside; that paint is expensive, in twenty-one years equalling two and one-half times the cost of the hive; that in painted hives the combs would be all covered with ice after a spell of zero weather; that the propolis "cheeks" and lets the moisture through: that a chaff hive should be painted, "that the chaff walls or dead air space would allow the moisture from the bee? to pass off and out;" that "nearly all bee-keepers in the North now winter all single-walled hives in the cellar;" that " all practical bee-keepers use a shade- board;" and that his are covered with tin. To which confusion of ideas 1 would 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 123 reply: That an unpainted hive will let the water in as readily as out; that while the surface of the propolis "checks," the pores are still plugged with it; that if moisture is stopped by paint it cannot pass " off and out" of the outer shell of the painted chaff hive after it has passed "the chaff or dead air space;" that paint at $1.80 per gallon is expensive (mine costs sixty cents a gallon, which will j cover forty hives, and I can paint twelve an hour and take it easy); that combs in my painted single-walled hives come through as dry and as nice as those in chaff hives; that not all nor nearly all practical bee-keepers use shade boards: that he has not figured in the cost of the tin on the shade board as an offset against the saving in paint; that no shade board will keep off' a driving rain; that the term "North" is a decidedly in- definite one; that he ignored the fact that I expressly called attention to the conditions of my locality; that between the 39° and 42° north latitude there are thousands of colonies that are always wintered out of doors in single-walled liives; that if he winters his bees in the cellar it is strange they are out in iv.ro weather. Mr. Doolittle's remarks in regard to the city of Providence are decidedly erroneous : the city has but one trust and that a small one and incorporated under New Jersey laws. A greater pro- portion of the wage earners own homes than in any other city of like size. The savings banks hold 352,334,828.00 of the wage earners' money, and this with the •'personal property" tax list of the city at §43, 022, 400.00. While Providence is my post office address, I do not live there. I would like to kindly suggest to Mr. Doolittle that by trying to write of sub- jects about which he is far from well informed, he is seriously detracting from the prestige he has gained by his writings on bees. I trust, Mr. Editor, that you will par- don my allusion to the matter about Providence, which has nothing to do with bees, to which I believe your maga- zine is exclusively devoted, but it seem- ed necessary in order to fully reply to Mr. Doolittle's article. In endeavoring to make this brief it is unfortunately curt, but no discourtesy is intended. I rest my case here. Providence, R. I. June 11, 1901. 'Look for a man's virtues before you herald his faults." HOW TO QUELL THE TEMPER OF BEES. BY REV. C. iM. HERRING. THAT bees have a large share of temper no one will deny. Some . are much more sensitive than others, but all bees I have ever seen, when in a normal condition, will kindle with the fire of rage when they are insulted. When rudely molested the average bee will show temper and sometimes will hold the resentment for weeks. The whole process of robbing the bees of their stores is a matter of irritation, and with some bee-keepers it is the source of constant warfare in the apiary. To con- trol the temper of bees skillfully and take from them their precious stores without disaster or trouble, is a great study which is seldom fully mastered, but I think it can be done; and much of the secret of so doing is in avoiding fric- tion at the start; but after the war is fairly commenced the problem is much more difficult. When fully aroused, the mad army is usually master of the situation. Then the infection is liable to spread from hive to hive until all the tribes, putting on the war paint, will fight to the bitter end. It is true such cases may be very rare. Only one, so far as I know, is on record in which a large number of colonies joined the strife ; and it was death for man or beast to approach the grounds. 124 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Jiihj Such is truly a tearful case, for the war- riors are all well equipped with lancets tipped with poison which, if hurled at their master, unprotected, would drive the man to the wall or lay him low in death. Such a case is possible ; and it becomes every bee-man to know how to proceed in such an emergency. Smoke will answer a good purpose in preparing the way to handle bees suc- cessfully: but after the bees have become enraged and are in the air, smoke is of no avail. Such cases occasionally will transpire, when the bees are full of revenge and war is inevita'ile; and if the case is very serious, the question of this article is, how can we meet it? An extreme case of this kind once oc- curred in my apiary. From a densely crowded colony I removed the case of honey in which the queen had deposited a small amount of brood, to which the bees clung with the greatest tenacity. In brushing them off, they became more and more enraged until I found the air was full of angry bees venting their spite on me. They covered me from head to foot, pricking my body in every part. Wherever there was a vulnerable spot they seemed to know it and would pour in their forces. The disaffection seemed to be extending wider and wider ; and I became greatly alarmed for the safety of my neighbors. My wisdom was not equal to the occasion, and I knew not what to do. In my extremity I looked up higher, and a new thought struck me with great force. IT IS A BIBLE IDEA. If I were dealing with an angry man, I would be likely to subdue him by "heaping coals of tire on his head.'" Jacob killed the wrath of his brother by sending him a present ; and the Master says : "Overcome evil with good." The thought occurred to me: "I will try this ' law of love ' on my bees ; I will giv(! them honey." I quickly placiKl more than a pound of honey at the front of the enraged colony, and at once the device worked like a charm ! The pick- ets were called in: the army was ordered home; peace was declai-ed, and in five minutes not a warrior was seen on the field of blood. And from that moment all remembrance of the strife was at an e'ld. I think I will leave the philosophy of such an event to Bro. Doolittle. ]}runswiok, Maine. "Ill fares the hive, To hastening ills a prey. Where wealth accumulates And bees decay." A HOUSE APIARY. Something of its Construction and Operation. BY F. G HERMAN. DESIRING to try the merits of a ' house-apiary, I thought I would have one built on the following plan : The lumber used in this build- : ing is common inch matched boards, planed on one side ; the frame is made of 2x4 inch wall strips. The roof is covered with Neponset paper, and is perfectly water-tight. The building is nine feet wide and fourteen feet long ; there is a window in each end and one on the opposite side. The door is on the rear end which faces northward. The building rests on large stones ; has a good floor in it ; is neatly painted; was built by a mechanic, and cost just $53. This house is located on a berry farm, two and one-half miles from my home apiary. It contains twenty colonies of bees in two tiers of hives. The broad side of the house, which is in view, faces east- ward and the end southward. There an- no hives facing on the other two sides. The hives used in this house are known by the name of "Long Ideal." They were made to order for me by The W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Co., of James- town, N. Y. They hold twenty Lang- stroth frames each, crosswise, and are expressly used for extracted honey. The total cost of hives, fixtures and house 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 125 was S125, not counting the bees. I rear them myself and do not add them to the cost. One row of hfves rests on a frame just high enough so I can raise the covers and look into them comfortably, and the other row rests on the floor. I might add that the hives are only one story, so that there is no use for queen- excluders and no tiering up to be done. There are no bees at large in the house excepting a few which leave the combs while handling them, and these quickly make their escape by way of the win- dows, which are left open all summer, This picture was taken in berry pick- ing time; there are several pickers in the Held, but only one could be induced to come in range of the camera. This berry plantation is worked by a prac- tical nurseryman and berry-grower, who is desirous of having bees on the farm. He has informed me that the yield of berries was unusually large last year: probably the bees are responsible for the extra yield. However that may be, I do not know ; Init I know my bees get some very nice honey from those rasp- berry and blackberry blossoms. There ■% C /fmi(^.i-!;,%Cf^r HorSE APIAKY l)F F. (i. HE14MAN, ENGI.EWOOl), X. J. for ventilation. The netting on the windows is so arranged that the bees can leave the room but cannot enter it. The awning over the windows is to prevent the rain from coming in while the win- dows are left open. The hive entrances match the corresponding slots in the side of the house, and when the bees enter the slot or entrance, they go di- rect into their respective hives. Each alternate entrance, you will notice, is painted a darker color ; this is for the, purpose of helping the bees to mark their right hive. is no contract or agreement between us as to rent, only that I supply him with a quantity of honey for his family. This bee-house was built in March, 1900. About the middle of April, when the weather was favorable to open hives, I took the Long Ideal hives into my home apiary and transferred the bees and combs from my chaff hives into them. Of course it was only necessary to take two or three frames at a time and lift them from one to the other. Toward evening, when the bees stopped flying. I closed the entrances with wire-netting. 120 THE AMEBIC AN BEE-KEEPER July loaded them on a wagon and drove to the bee-house, where they were scon ar- ranged in position. The next day hap- pened to be a pleasant one; the bees came out in great numbers and evidently became somewhat confused as to which were their right hives. Three hives were deserted, the bees having joined some of the others. But the other seventeen built up nicely, and in May I divided three of the stronger ones and made the full complement of twenty. Some time in the latter part of May I removed the division boards and filled the hives with frames of comb founda- tion. There was not a single swarm issued from this house; this was the very thing I was striving to accomplish. The bees are always comfortable, being shaded from the hot sun, and they seem to have sufficient room ontwenty frames in one body. It is very comfortable for the operator, too. I took from this house, in September, six hundred and fifty pounds of very nice honey, which averaged at retail 14c. per pound, mak- ing a total of ^91. The yield in my home yatd was much below the average, so the year 1900 can be classed as some- what of a poor year for honey. Now, as I have enough surplus combs built, I think I can expect an average crop of one thousand pounds a year from this house; no further expense only rent and cartage in bringing home the honey. I visited this house during summer once every week or two, being a nice little spin on the wheel. I intend putting out some more colonies this spring as thirty or forty colonies will probably find pastur- age enough and can be just as: easily looked after when visiting the out-yard. Englewood, N. J.; April 13, 1901.' [Mr. Herman sent also a very pleas- ing pictiire of the interior of this house- apiary : but we regret to say it was too weak for reproduction. A smaller stop and full minute more . exposure would have given a picture that would have in- terested and greatly pleased our readers. -En.] -^ "Man is rich, not because of what he owns, but because of what he enjoys.'; A July Day. With songs of birds and hum of bees, And odorous iireath of swinging flowers. With fluttering herbs and swaying trees. Begin the early morning hours. The warm tide of the Southern air Swims round, with gentle rise and fall. And, burning through the golden glare. The sun looks broadly over all. So fair and fresh the landscape stands. So vital, so beyond decay. It looks as though God's shaping hands Had just been raised and drawn away. The holy baptism of the rain Yet lingers like a special grace; For I can see an aureole plain About the world's transfigured face. — George Henry Boker. He who lets the world or his own portion of it choose his plan of life for him, has no need of any other faculty than the ape- like one of imitation. He who chooses his plan for himself employs all his faculties. —.John Stuart Mills. IMPROVEMENT OF STOCK. BY G. M. I)OOLITTI,E. ALL apiarists who have an eye to' the betterment of their condition, along the line of a better honey yield, know that some colonies in thr apiary give better results than do others. Thus we often hear bee-keepers say, "If all the colonies had been as good as was No. 13" (number 45, or some other num- ber as the case may be). •' I should have had several hundred, if not thousand, more pounds of honey than I secured this year.'" Well, the question is, Why not have all the colonies in the apiary as good as No. 12? We may not accom- plish all we would like to in one year, but by superseding all the poorer queens in the apiary by those raised from Nd. 1:2, we certainly shall be advancing our apiary up the scale toward number twelve's yield. This is what I have been working for during the past thirty years and it gives me pleasure to say that my colonies average very much more nearly alike in their yields, and the average yield per colony is much higher in pro- 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 127 portion to the yield of nectar from the nectar-bearing tlora than it was when I commenced. And to improve our stoclc we must supersede our poorer queens witli those from the better stoclv. I find that there is no time of the year in which queens are so generally superseded as immsdiately after the principal honey flow, and we can always rest assured that when the bees are willing to do such work, then is our best time. With me, fully three-fourths of all the queens superseded by the bees are so superseded during the three weeks immediately fol- lowing the basswood honey-flow. Know- ing this fact I have, for years, done the most of my re-queeniug at this time of the year, and with success which has always pleased me, and that without in- terfering with my honey crop in the least. To this end I start a greater number of queen cells than usual from five to eight days before the expected close of the basswood honey harvest, and. when these cells mature, hunt out the old queen and dispose of her, giving a mature cell twenty-four hours after having removed the old queen. If cell- protectoi's are used, the cell can be given at the time of removing the old queen, thus saving once opening of the hive; for, as a rule, the bees allow a queen to hatch all right where a cell-protector is used. If the young queen emerges from her cell in an hour or so after giving the cell, or before the bees are aware that their mother is gone, they will sometimes kill her and start cells from their own brood; but if the cells do not hatch in less than from twelve to twenty-four hours after the old queen was removed, nearly every queen will be accepted all right. By raising the queens before the honey harvest closes; that is, the bees doing the feeding of the embryo queens while in the larval form before the honey flow is over; they are sure to be fed in such a way that the very best of queens are produced, this also having a great advantage toward accomplishing our object over and above what would be if we raised our queens before the harvest commenced, or after it was over. Another plan which I have often used since my apiary became very much im- proved beyond what it formerly was, is to raise a lot of cells from my best queen at the time given above and, twenty-four to forty-eight hours before they are booked to mature, give one to each col- ony having a queen more than one year old, using a cell-protector for each one, and placing this protected cell in one of the sections on the hive, or anywhere I best can where the bees can cluster about it, without hunting out the old queen at all; when, if the bees have any notion to supersede their queen, they will ac- cept of this young one and destroy the old queen. If they destroy the young queen I allow the old one to remain, thinking that the bees know what is right, and in nineteen cases out of twenty where the bees decide on keeping the old queen I find she proves pmr excellence till after the honey flow of the next year is over. This is something which does not cost much labor and which I practice often to my Shtisf action. Borodino, N.Y., June 4, 1901. The man who holds exactly the same opinion on any subject that he held even a few years ago, is virtually a nonentity. —P. Dundas Todd. A number of farmers report that a peculiar little green worm is causing great destruction in the clover fields and as a result the clover will be practically a failure in many places at least. The worm is about three-fourths of an inch long and are found by the millions. They eat the head out of the clover stalks and deposit their eggs there. It seems to be a new enemy to clover. — TitiisvUle (Pa.) Herald. "An honest confession is good tor the soul," and the Hutchinson strain of three-band Italian bees for gentleness and business; and hence I offer untested queens from this superior stock at 75 cts. each, six for S!4.00, or 67.50 per dozen, and Goldens bred from select stock at the sime price. Money order office Warren- ton, N. C. W. H. PKIUGEN, 7-2t Creek, Warren Co.. N.C. 128 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER July I ^gf^r^mr^rwrmr Dear Brother Hill: " Perhaps it is a sin For me to sit and grin At him here," But, notwithstanding that, I am going to write you a little homily on bee journals, and if the shoes pinch you — well, reform. Some of the papers need at their head that firm orthodox old parson who put a binding screw in the weather vane so it wouldn't shift with every vagrant zephyr. Writing of weather reminds me that many of the publishers need a good, old-fashioned "Almanack,'' not to tell them to go in when it rains, but to let them know when the first of the month arrives. The "Old Reliable" is about the only one ever out on time. Hast thou ever noticed that when an article starts off or ends with a touching eulogium of somebody, that article is sure to be full of the hardest kind of raps for that very person. Now and then some one gets real mad and writes hot thoughts in plain English. Ah I but It is refreshing, only don"t you let the parson know I said so. In the ncit far distant past some of the young bloods have spoken right out. and one — and he not frciin the biggest state in the Union —got quite impertinent to some of us gray beards. However, though "twas unpleasant it seems to have done soiih' good, and we are waking up to tln' changed conditions to find that we veter- ans are not the whole thing after all. 1 surmise the rest of the boys object to the opening of new fields for much the same reason that I do; which is, that unless we would be left out. it means husth. HUSTLE, HUSTLE. (Just say those "hustles" with a "Tiaspirated /laitch"). And to think of the quiet, gentle, placid Eambler urging strenuosity. Oh dear : oh dear! and he no chicken either! What a lot of half truths are afloat. They are most emphatically dangerous because of the two-thirds of untruth mi.xed in. Also what a lot of anciently dead things: are filling up good space; en- trance blocks for instance, when a hand- ful of sand or a bit of sod suffices as well. Turn some of us old war horses out to pasture and give the youngsters a chance. Ifs funny how Chicago ex- pansiveness att'ects a man. One editor there has so far expanded that he has entirely lost sight of townships, and now all his correspondents hail from count- ies. "Twill be just plain •■Earth" bye and bye. A little paragraph in the Britluli Bee Journal anent stings recalled to my mind the " sting trowel " joke of that reverend Canadian, and of the way the "boys" bit. Ah! but that was rich! Jog their memory lest they forget, and forgetting, wax wise in tlieir own conceits. A man in La Salle, N. V., has discov- ered three kinds of colonies: The know they will; tie know they wont; and the I mm THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 129 don't know anything about it. There is a jolly lot of truth there if you did but know It. In Gleanings for May 1 that Doctor of Straws says Mr. Pettit conies down hard on thick-top bars (lucky tiiey're thick). Then the amiable Doctor and his understudy proceed to get each other's ideas so beautifully mixed that even their wives couldn't tell them what they mean. And when a man's wife cannot untangle his ideas he is in a bad way. Politics for making strange bedfellows isn't a circumstance beside bee-keeping, and for making odd combinations of professions and developing versatility, it is fully equal. One young man of my acquaintance is a lirst-class artist in photography, and is a good bee-keeper too — no, you need not ruffle up your feathers for I may mean you. Another combines law with bee-keeping, possibly hoping to influence the bees therewith. Another dispenses pills, but he is no more successful than the rest of us in curing foul brood. Another dabbles in sociology, caught it from "Ye Ferainine Monarchie'' perhaps. Still another has astronomy for a by-play, which goes to show how elevating is bee-keeping. But most wonderful example of all is in the Home of the Honey Bees; there even the A I R is versatile. I will close this letter, as I began it. with a quotation from Holmes : ' 'And if I should live to be The last leaf on the tree In the Spring, Let them smile as I do now At the old forsaken bough Where I cling." Yours as ever, John Hakdscrabble. "In Ceylon the natives, when they find a swarm of bees hanging on a tree, hold burning torches under them. As the bees drop, the natives catch them in cloths, carry them home, boil them and eat them." "In Wales there are great areas devoted to the growing of leeks and onions for seed. The bees gather from the leek and onion blossoms honey that is freely flavored with the peculiar taste of those rank vegetables." ROADSIDE WEEDS. IT IS the general verdict among api- arists that to grow any known plant for its honey alone would scarcely be profitable; yet it is equally regarded as unquestioned that there are standard crops, as the clovers, buckwheat, rape, etc., which have a double value; that in themselves to the agriculturist, and in their nectar to the bee-keeper. As to the profit in growing these, there can be no question. There are many roadside dwellers, however, comparatively unimportant because of their small numbers, which yet serve an important purpose in filling out gaps in the main honey flow. These plants are often destroyed through thoughtlessness or ignorance, when their preservation might mean a materi- al increase of honey or pollen with no further sacrifice to the owner of the hives than a little so-called neatness. Weeds pure and simple are not attract- ive, yet when they assume the qualities of usefulness they are no longer weeds. One of the most important of these for its individual merits, though by no means the most common, is the figwort. Scrophularia nodosa, rare in New Eng- land but found from New York to Kan- sas, North Carolina and Tennessee, fre- quenting woods and hedges. It is a weedy-looking plant from three to ten feet high, with a four-angled stem, leaves opposite and toothed, and small green- ish-purple flowers. The latter are two- lipped, the two upper lobes being longer and erect, the lateral ones ascending, and the lower spreading and reflexed. Though to the botanist the corolla is beautifully constructed, the casual ob- server may, on account of the inconspic- uous hues and shortness of the lobes, almost overlook it. Prof. Cook says that it affords abundant nectar from July until frost, and recommends it highly for scattering about in waste places. A. I. Root offers seed of it under the name common among bee-keepers, Simp- 130 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER July son honey plant. It is very hardy, blooms the first year, and is perennial, but needs renewing once in three or four years for the best result*. The great willow herb, Epilobiuia an- gusUfolium, is another source of profit to the bee-keeper with almost no trouble. This plant is commonly known as fire- weed, the downy seeds being blown far by the winds, and their vitality making them burst forth wherever brush is burned. Thus in newly cleared land the plant is common, and easily recognized by its large spikes of rose-purple bloom. It occurs from Labradorto Alaska, South to North Carolina and Kansas, in the Rocky Mountains to Arizona, and on the Pacific Coast to California, says Dr. Britton. Thus it would seem that it might be successfully grown in almost any portion of the United States. In Western New York it is a conspicuous and pleasing characteristic of the flora, while the newly cleared lands of Michi- gan teem with it. In the latter State it often gives a rich harvest to the apiarist, says Prof. Cook, who notes the beautiful clover tint of the honey. Surely a plant which combines so much of both the beautiful and useful should not begrudg- ed a vacant fence row. The cardinal flower, frequenting moist grounds either in sun or shade, is one of the most brilliant plants — in fact, there is nothing that will compare with it in the intense coloring of the corolla, unless it be the scarlet salvia of the garden. It is one of the lobelia family and readily submits to garden cultivation. Though yielding less honey than the above, its beauty should gain for it protection. Boneset, common in waste places everywhere, is a plant of considerable importance for honey. Button-bush, a shrub found In moist grounds, with small white flowers in spherical heads, is also worthy of attention. Gill-over-the- ground, or ground ivy, is a too common weed which tides the bees over the gaps in the brood-reading period, and while the honey is dark and of an inferior quality, it serves the purpose of supply- ing food for young bees. Like many other plants, it does much better on gar- den soil than in the waste places in which it has become as thoroughly at home as though not imported from Eu- rope. But this very fact would lead one to be wary of transplanting. It has the bad habit of spreading. Its near relative, catnip, is also a useful honey plant, yet not rendering itself obnoxious to the farmer. This meager list might be greatly lengthened; it serves to show what the waste places keep in store. Harmonsburg, Pa. "Honey from buckwheat, blue thistle, cotton, orange blossoms, white sage, catnip, thyme and other plants, shows its origin in its distinctive hue and taste." A NEW FOUNTAIN OF KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERED. An Attractive Number Suggested for the Buffalo Programme. BV A. Q. CUMBER. Editor Bee-keeper : Please let me have a little space in your journal to offer a suggestion which if put into prac- tice will result in more benefit to those who, like myself, will be at the Buffalo Convention, than any other feature of the programme can possibly do. I shall claim the distinction of having discovered a source of information of which yourself and all the other bee- paper editors seem to be ignorant. The discovery was accidental, I'll admit, but this fact renders it no less valuable. As stated, you seem not to know that we have with us a class of bee-keepers whose phenomenal knowledge of every- thing pertaining to the business obvious- ly places them upon the ever increasing list of the world's wonders. Heretofore the bee-keepers' conventions have de- pended entirely upon that class who are still studying bee-papers and books; when, there is no doubt, we could as 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 181 well have had the benefit of the teach- ings of some from the multitudes which have had no need of such literature for decades of years. The man who thoroughly mastered the art and science of bee-keeping during a three weeks' visit to his grandfather's farm forty-seven years ago, is yet with us. I met him last week while making an overland journey of a hundred miles on horseback. He has to-day nine colo- nies in the back yard, and informed the writer that he "got nigh onto three buckets of the nicest honey I ever seen last year; and could just as well o' had twict that much" only for the necessity of having had to attend a funeral, dur- ing which time the moths took advant- age of his absence to get in and destroy •'two of the best skaps." He had not read a bee-paper since '•along in eighty or eighty-one," and has "been pretty well disgusted with bee- papers ever since.'" At that time some one sent him a sample copy, but he "couldn't see any sense to it ; " and it is now his expressed opinion that "anybody that hasn't sense enough to have bees without signing for a paper on bees ought to be sent to the state legislature or go to preaching." Think for a moment what it would mean to the fraternity to have this foun- tain of knowledge tapped at Buffalo next September. Why should not the Secre- tary of the United States Bee-keepers" Association profit by the oversight on the part of the management of the Pan- American, and secure this drawing card for the Convention '? The man who has no need to read is too many to be enumerated; I met sev- eral of him during my few days' ride. There would, however, be no necessity for having more than one of him present at the Convention, as a natural conse- quence of his unlimited wisdom. Let us, though, endeavor to induce one of this prodigy of learning to grace the occasion with his presence. Place the question- box in his charge, and hear him proceed with the confidence and force of a West- ern cyclone to elucidate his method of swarming his bees; and tell of the as- tounding fearlessness of his first, second, or third son in kicking the skeps, and taking the bees in his bear hands with the serene composure of a magician about to enjoy a feast of fire and ancient weapons of warfare. Hear him tell of the snowy whiteness of the wax his bees get in "some years," and how straining through five thicknesses of cloth fails to make that white which is gathered "other years." What he will tell of the construction of patent hives, so as to exclude the moth-miller, will revolution- ize the products of our hive factories. His failure to see that the bees liked starters of foundation any better than they did empty frames or empty boxes, will probably start a new chain of thought among those yet reading the papers. His method of wiring founda- tion in pound-sections, he might not be induced to disclose: but that would ren- der us none the less appreciative of the great amount of othc^r information, equtiUy (is valuable, which would flow from his unselfish mind with tlie freedom and grace of an April shower, upon the famished fields of American beedom. "Only by painstaking observation and a careful recording of wliat we see, can we advance." PLANTING FOR HONEY Not Profitable; yet Abundant Opportuni- ties to Profitably Increase our Bee Pasturage. BY H.\KKY L. S.MITH. WE often see the question in our bee-journals: "Can we in- crease the available pasturage of our bees at a profit by the cultivation of honey-plants ? " and in answer we find all sorts of opinions, although the majority seem to agree that it is not profitable. Now, I will not attempt to prove that the cultivation of a plant can be made profitable only for what honey 133 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER July it will produce: but 1 believe wo cau iu- crease the available blossoms at a great profit to ourselves. First, we will take the family of clovers. Until we get a race of extra long-tongued hees or a va- riety of red clover with short-tubed corollas, we shall have to consider the red clover useless for our purpose : but we have the alsike and white clovers, and much can be done with these. As a fodder, the alsike is richer in the initri- tious elements than red clover, and here in the North it will produce fully as much hay per acre. It also lias the ad- vantage of thriving on heavy clay soil, where it would be impossible to get a stand of red clover. As a honey pro- ducer, many bee-keepers rank it as fully equal to the white clover; and it comes just at the close of the honey-flow from the latter, which is a decided advantage, as the colonies are strong and well fitted to store snrplus. Then, with a little care we can increase our pasturage of white clover. There are many of our stock pastures where white clover can hardly be found, that could be made white with it at the proper season and with great improve- ment to the grazing value of the land. In the autumn, just before snow falls, we go over our pastures and give them a light seeding with white clover, and we are almost sure to get a good stand. This increases the grazing capacity of the land enough to repay all costs and affords an opportunity for the bees to gather many pounds of honey. In many parts of the country sweet clover can be used to increase the honey- flow ; but I have tried it here without any great succ(\ss. Buckwheat is another great source of honey, and in most localities it will pay a good profit in grain. In our forests the basswood or linden can be increased with a little care, and its lumber is sure of a ready sale at good prices, when we get ready to cut it. It also makes an excellent shade tree, being of rapid growth and fine sha{)e. Many other plants will suggest themselves to api- arists in other parts of the country : and I believe that if we make a judicious use of these plants in agriculture, we shall increase the value of our products and also furnish an increase of pasturage for our bees. East Dix field. Me. "White clover honey is generally con- sidered the highest type of sweets. Svreet clover honey is somewhat sweeter, but is very higlily classed." LONGITUDINAL COMMUNICATION The Means of Having Sections Filled and Capped Clear to the Wood. T 1!V F. (JHEI.NEl!. HE most dc'sirable sections of honey, in particular for exhibition, are such as have been well filled and are capped clear to the wood. Twenty- five years ago. when using supers with- out separators, all of our honey, withoiit exception, was capped clear to the wood, and in this respect could hardly be im- proved. When we adopted more modern supers with separators, imperfectly filled sections were rather the rule. I am not sure that honey for ordinary market- ing purposes need be absolutely perfect and sealed all around, but I am aware that a section so filled presents a much better appearance. The differences between the open super and the one with dividers, as thev have been used for a good many y(>ars past are markiKJ, rather — revolutionary. While the open super gave free com- munication in every direction, the new style super with its dividers sepa- rated each little comb from its neighbor longitudinally and laterallv or trans- versely. The number of bee-spaces was ali-o increaseil to nearly doul)le the nuillbei'. \Ve did not at the time attach very much importance to the less perfect fill- ing, but now competition forces us to study into the matter and sec if we can- not do a little better than our neighbor. laoi THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 133 Tlu'i-t' can bo no question that cutting \\\^ the super into twenty-four llttio separate rooms is the cause of the imperfect fill- ing : but might it not be possible to obtain perfect filling and retain the sepa- rator ? With the lateral communica- tion the "fence" gives us, we seem to gain but little. in the way of perfect fill- ing and sealing. But how about the longitudinal free communication that has not been tested so universally? Therein lies the secret, as our experience has proven. When we first introduced the sepxrator into our supers we had no wide frames to fasten them to. Making saw-cuts into the ends of our supers, we slipped the metal separators iato them, thus dividing the super into six long and narrow chambers. The sections we used then were narrow, and so the bees had unobstructed free communication from comb to comb inside each long chamber. As a result, the filling of the sections was perfect, every cell sealed clear to the wood, just as it had been in the unobstructed super. jS"o sooner than when we adopted the wide frame and a section of equal width, stopping all com- munication endwise, did we have poorly- filled sections to conteni with, so we cannot help blaming this one feature more than any other. Mr. Scholl, in tho B3C Keeper.^' Review for Mav proves by his illustrations, re- producing a lot of filled sections, made with different appliances, that the con\- munication endwisi' is most essential in producing perfectly filled sections. I am not in favor of changing fixtures every few years; it costs too much money ; still, it is well to know the facts. The Betsinger super gives the most per- fect communication of any super I am acquainted with. The Hyde-Scholl super may come very near it. However. I am not ready to adopt either of them, and shall probably continue the use of regular cleated separator-supers for some time to come. In fact, I have only just adopted them. Naples. N.Y., May -3.5, 1901. HUNDRED-DOLLAR QUEENS. A Kick and Several Indirect Jabs Aimed at the Editor and Other Objects -Our Industry Now Retrograding, through Improper Methods in Queen-rearing. liY HESUV AI-LEY. SAY, friend Hill, I'm going to kick against your remarks on page 97, May Bee-keeper. Tliere are a good many queen dealers in this country, and it is safe to say that any of them have some particular queen or queens that money cannot buy — t hat is. a reasonable sum. If there are any queen breeders who do not have queens worth, as breeders, at least ifl.'SO, all such should go out of the business. Now, you must know, friend Hill, that first-class stock— '-blood thafs 'way up" — does not come from ordinary animals. Stallions, for instance, are valued 'way no in the thousands, some as high as .r^.T.OOO. Do yon suppose for a moment that all the offspring from such a valuable animal will be worth ^ss.i.OOO each ? Well, 'tis the same way with queen bees. I have several queens that, for the common bee-keeper, would not be worth more than one dollar each ; but for bi-eediu'j; purposes I wiuld not part with them. When I hav^- a breed- ing q\ieHn that will dnpliciti^ herself in 90 per cent, of her progeny. I con- sider her worth anywhere from $l?,(\ to S200. All queens are not worth fifty dollars each : in fact, I have seen one hundred queens that would not be worth even a dollar for the entire lot : and to-dav I belii've there are hundreds of queens rf^ared and shipped that are as worthless as so many flies. In some of the bee-papers there ^ave appeared articles on queen-rearing and profusely illustrated by queen-cells or cell-cups fastened to a stick. All the writers claim that their way of rearing queens is far superior to any other in use. The methods given and things illustrated are as far from the natural way of cell-building as anything can be. 134 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER July Why go so far from nature's way to rear queen-bees ? Why not rear queen bees by a method that comes nearer to the way the bee does it ? Why spend so much time in making cell-cups and transferring eggs and larv;e ? Give the bees a chance to construct cell-cups and to rear queens in their own way. If queen-deahu's persist in rearing queens the way they do, I really believe the bee industry of the world is on the road to ruin. Where are we to-day as compared to the years 1865 to 1885 ? In that period we had but one disease among bees ; now we have a good many bad and fatal bee-diseases : Foul-brood, pickle-brood, dead-brood, dysentery etc. What is the cause of it all ? 'Tis the way queens are bping reared, in my opinion. In-breeding so much for color; rearing queens in chambers over the bro'jd-nest and the cell-cup-and-trans- ferring-larvte mode of producing queens, is working destruction in thousands of apiaries in this country. Mother-bees cannot be otherwise than constitution- ally weak. Her intirmities are trans- mitted to her progeny. Colonies are so weak that they cannot resist the inroads of disease. We must return to and adopt the methods for rearing queens that were in vogue thirty-five years ago. In those years there were no complaints about bee-diseases, spring dwindling etc. If I had the time, friend Hill. I would like to discuss this matter at much greater length. I cannot get tinn' to write articles for publication. Wendhara, Mass. [We have become so accustomed to "kicks" that we do not mind them at all. We usually receive a number of them each month, either for having said some particular thing, or having failed to say it. However, it often occurs that knowledge is gained by these "kicks." and we always give them the same warm welcome which is extended to letters of commendation. If we have ever said that any queen- breeder might not have a breeding queen worth two hundred dollars, it was so long ago that the matter has been en- tirely forgotten. Twenty years' experi- ence as a honey-producer and breeder (or "raiser") of queens has given an ap- preciative idea of the value of a breeding queen having the desirable character- istics of such. All that Mr. Alley says of the great value of such a queen to the breeder, we can endorse; but nothing that he says has the slightest bearing upon the point which his article pur- ports to criticise. We have conJemned the practice of placing a fabulous cash value upon a breeding queen, as an ad- vertising dodge. We believe it to be an imposition upon those who are not familiar with the business ; and it is the mission of a bee-journal to guard its patrons against the loss and disappoint- ment which is bound to result from such a catchy yet silly fad. It is not probable that any experienced poultryman would De deceived by an advertisement which offered settings of eggs "from a hundred- dollar hen ;" but the enthusiastic novice would long entertain an intense longing for such valuable (?) stock. The fact that a queen-breeder might honestly decide in his own mind that he would not take :fl50 for a certain queen in his possession, would not justify him in ad- vertising the same queen as a "hundred- and-lifty-dollar queen." We believe this practice was begun without weighing the result ; and we believe Mr. Alley has seen about the last of such foolishness. Something more substantial and sig- nificant than dollars and cents will be used to designate merit in bees of the future. — Ed.] "A beginner is quite likely to fall into the error of increasing his colonies too rapidly." INTRODUCING QUEENS— THE YELLOW WAX DISCUSSION. BY DR. C. C. MILLER. REPLYING, Mr. Editor, to your question, page 85, the fact that so many have advocated and prac- ticed introducing queens in the evening, while no one has reported adversely, is worth something as proof that there is reason for the practice. To your ques- tion why night (I should say evening) is better than day, I think it has been ad- vanced that after bees have ceased to fly, there is not the same suspicion and fear of intruders as there is during the time of full flight. Suppose a new (jueen 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 185 is in a hive, with only a short acquaint- ance. The effort of robbers to enter arouses a belligerent spirit in the bees, and while in that mood they may attack a queen not yet firmly established in her position. Indeed, they may ball a fully established queen, the latter being soon released, while the stranger will be hugged to death. A few years ago I received from John Hewitt, of England, some Punic queens. He stipulated that they must be intro- duced to bees that had been utterly and hopelessly queenless for forty-eight hours, and quietly dropped in from above after bees had ceased flying. The introduction was entirely successful. Some importance attaches to this when it is remembered that these queens had made the long trip across the ocean, being thereby not in the best plight for introduction; that they were virgins, and especially that they were old virgins. I do not see that there is any chance for a settlement or compromise between you and the editor of the American Bee Journal unless you will agree to stand on the same ground while taking view. Your view-points are different, and I believe each is right from his view-point. You are yie\y- ing the matter from the view-point of an expert, while he puts himself in the place of the beginner. Here's a cake of bright, yellow wax, which con- tains particles of dirt. You ask me what I think of the color of that wax. Knowing you to be well informed in such matter, I waste no time with explana- tions, but say: "The color is all right; get the dirt out.'" If a beginner should ask me, I should say: "It is the dirt in it that gives the dingy color to that cake of wax. When in the liquid condition, allow it to cool very slowly so as to give abundant time for the particles of dirt to settle, and you will then find the color all right." A question of this kind is not likely to come from any but a beginner, and dealing, as I so constantly do, in making replies to beginners, my sympa- thies are strongly with them; and while Mr. York's position may not bear the closest scrutiny from the view-point of an expert, you will pardon me for saying that his reply will be a very useful one to tliose most likely to ask the question. Referring to the matter of introducing queens after a fast of thirty minutes, I cannot now say how I first got the idea; but I have used it for years; and, although it is one of the things about which it is difficult to be positive, I think it is a good thing. Marengo, 111., May 16, 1901. [Enough has already been said upon the matter of slow cooling of wax and its influence upon its color. It is an im- poi'tant subject which ought to be un- derstood by anyone who has ever handled beeswax. The claim that slow cooling is the secret of bright, yellow wax, is either a truth or an error, whether considered from the standpoint of an expert or a novice. Mr. York is eminently right in advocating that wax should be cooled slowly; but his claim as to the effect it will have upon the color is unquestionably erroneous. — Ed.] "In some countries, lime-tree honey has a turpentinish taste when new. With age this rather rank taste softens into a most delicate flavor." Boy a Victim of Bees. Bloomsburg, June 3. — A young son of Millard McBride was almost killed to-day by a swarm of bees. The lad was play- ing in the yard when the bees settled upon him. His cries attracted his mother, who swooned upon seeing the child in agony. Regaining consciousness, she rushed into the swarm and carried the lad to a place of safety. — Philadel- phia Ledger. Want Relief from Busy Bees. Residents of Haddonfield, N. J., appealed to the Borough Council on Wednesday evening, June 5th, for relief from a plague of bees. They averred that the busy honey gatherers, owned by Samuel V. Reeves, a fancier, made life almost unbearable for them. The Coun- cil decided that the bees were a public nuisance and must be taken outside the borough. — Pliiladelphia Record. 13(5 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER July POINTERS BY " SWARTHMORE." f If one could only bo brought to think so, a China silk handkerchief, tucked up under the back of the hat so as to fall down over the shoulders, leaving the face uncovered, is quite as safe as a bee-veil and ten times more comfortable. — Alley. f When the bees get ahead of you and build a nice, straight comb outside the follov^^er, do not attempt to cut it out at once, but first trim off the top and place a top-bar down onto it in proper position; then, after the bees have attached the comb nicely to the top-bar, cut loose the sides and remove; brush off the bees, take it to the honey-house and fit side and bottom bars ; replace the perfect comb iuside the follower and give that colony an extra sheet of foundation to work on, or more box room above. f If you want an extremely inexpen- sive little house to work or store in during the bee-season, use your storm vestibule, which would otherwise be useless during the summer. Cover the back with tarpaulin — that is the only expense connected with it. After the bee-season is over, put it up to the front door, as usual, to keep the wind away — see ? f A most excellent feeder for stimu- lating purpo-ips can be made from burned-out electric incandescent lamps. With an awl turn back the brass which holds the little China disc at the end and remove that insulator; then carefully break away the glass so as to form a wide opening into the bulb. Fill the glass bulb with syrup, replace the China disc and insert the brass socket throus:h a one-inch hole in the honey-board, di- rectly over the cluster. The bulb holds just enough for stimulating purposes and the bees cannot remove the syrup so fast as to unduly excite the colony. If you live in a place near an electric light- ing plant, inill or factory, you will find no trouble in getting all the burned-oUt lamps you can use, "for a song" or less. " 'Tis easy to tell another how to do a thing: 'tis another matter to do it one's self." The National Bee-keepers' Asso- ciation will hold its convention at Buffalo, N. Y., September lU, 11 and 12. FROM OVER THE SEA. A Review of Our French Exchanges. BY ADRIAN' GETAZ. THE question of stimulating- feediui; in the Spring is in Europe as here, a kind of lianquo ghosst awaking \\]t every spring in presence of dwindliui; colonies. The use of milk (Revue InternatUmnhri is advocated as replacing pollen. It has the advantage of being already partially digested, if we may use that expression, and can be used when bad weather would not permit the bees to fly out and take flour. The milk is mixed with half its weight of sugar and the whole boiled together, to melt the sugar and prevent souring. Dr. Hecq (Pruyres Aplcole) rubs a few drops of kerosene on his hands to avoid stings. He says sometimes they start against his hands, but stop short when they realize that kerosene is there. It is not often that an experienced apiarist would need such a protection, but in such cases I would rather use the kero- sene than wear gloves. Another periodical ghost, also appear- ing in the bee-papers of all nations, is whether bees destroy their old combs and build new ones in their place. Not- withstanding the fact that the question has been fully settled and proof has been given several times (Revue Internationale) that combs have been in existence ten, fourteen, twenty and even twenty-five years, some "smart Aleck" bobs up oc- casionally, saying that he knows better; that "practice is better than theory," etc. Several bee-papers state that honey from the "silver linden tree" is fatal to bees, and that they die in quantities when gathering nectar from its blossoms. The silver linden is a very ornamental tree, and should any attempt be made to introduce it here, it might be well to look into that matter. 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 1?A Among ilie uses of houey, in Europe, the fabrication of a beverage called hvdromel is frequently considered. Hy- dromel is somewhat alcoholic, and there- fore in large quantities might be intoxi- cating. The fight against intemperance has taken in Europe a different turn than here. The attempt there is to charge a considerable revenue on whiskies and other decidedly unwhole- some liquors, and encourage the use in their place of light wines, hydro- mels and other comparatively harmr less beverages. The scheme will probably work there ; but would not here, on account of our different habits and character. I think best to let the manufacture of hydromel aside entirely, so far as we are concerned. A queen-trap is described and illus- trated by Mr. Fievez, in the Pro(jres Agricole. It is not so good, as far as I can see, as our American traps, except that the cover is formed by a piece of glass. For several years I have used a cover of wire-cloth. This has the ad- vantage of not being so frail as the glass, and it has all the advantages of the glass. It gives plenty of light and thereby induces the queens and drones up at once. With the usual arrange- ment, the drones try first to get out through the perforated zinc; and only a hundred or two of them are sufficient to blockade almost completely the entrance for two or three hours every afternoon. With an abundant light shining through the cover and the cones, they come up at once and are out of the way of the workers. If swarming occurs or has oceurred during the absence of the apiarist, it is easier to see the queen through a glass or wire-cloth cover than through a perforated zinc. Among the advertisements of the Revue Internationale, I see an •■apiarist's pipe." I suppose that refers to a kind of smoker in the form of a pipe. The api- arist holds it in his mouth and blows the smoke through it. This has the ad- vantage of permitting him to work witli both hands. I don't think such a thing could replace the regular smoker; but I have many times felt the need of some- thing in that line when examining combs for finding the queen, cutting cells etc., just to keep out the bees that might be in the way, or sending off those that might get obstreperous, without having to drop the comb and grab the smoker. If I am not mistaken, the Frances and Henry Alley are using some implement of that sort. Mr.Raffy (Revue Intenuitlonale)in pres- ence of delegates of the Societe Ramande removed a queen from the comb and put another, taken from a nucleus, in her place, and then replaced the comb in the hive. That is his usual way of re- queening. This must be done quickly; if some of the bees realize that the old queen is missing, they will ball at once the new one and kill her. Mr. Mercier [Proijres Agricole) says that a queenless colony will not always accept a queen-cell at once. But he has always succeeded in introducing the cell the third day after removing the old queen', destroying at the same time the cells already started by the bees. Mr. Rogers (Progres Apicole) in order to find the old queen, removes the hive to another part of the apiary, takes out three or four combs, shakes the bees off and puts them into a new hive on the old stand. Later in the day, or the next morning, only the young bees are in the old hive. The queen can easily be found, and then the whole re-united on the old stand. He re-queens every year. "Id Guiana, when a native negro is stung by bees, his revenge is to capture and eat as many bees as he can." "In the islands of the Caribbean Sea the natives eat young bees, either raw, roasted or boiled." 13s THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER July SKA'- -■.-fc^SSlirty » .Nl*^. Portland, Me., June 10, 1901. Editor American Bee-keeper : I should like some information in regard to an experience which I had last summer. While looking with a neigh- bor lor queen-cells, I received a sting on top of the head and two on the arm. In fifteen minutes I was completely overcome— was unconscious for two hours. This being our first experience of the kind, my wife rushed for a doctor. I had no pulse at all; that is, the doctor could not take it. After a while I came out all right. Have not seen the doctor since, and did not ask him anything about it. I have been stung twice this year with similar results. My arm is now swollen quite badly from a sting received on Saturday, the 8th. I don't mind it, only the bad feelings in my head and stomach for the time; it seems to poison me. I took a fair dose of whiskey and did not quite lose my senses. Now, isn't there some antidote to counteract the stings in my case? Very truly yours, J. W. Parker. [Instances similir to that related by our corres- pondent have been reported in the past; though, we believe, such ill effects usually occur only to those unaccustomed to stings. A few good doses of this same poison circulating through the system is the best antidote of which we know. The swol- len arm is nothing more than would be liable to result from a sting received by any beginner. It would probably be a good plan to compel an oc- casional sting upon the hand or arm until the system becomes inoculated. Such a course of treatment would in a measure render one immune, in the event of a sting being received in a more vital spot. It is the opinion of this journal that the greater part of the suffering resulting to beginners through stings, is directly attributable to the improper manner in which the sting is extracted. If an open knife-blade could be at hand when stung, so that the sting might be immediately scraped out. instead of being grasped with the thumb and finger, the pain and swelling so frequently com- plained of. would be greatly reduced. The time necessary to get one's knife ready for the operation however, renders this means impracticable; but a quick stroke with the fingernail does the work nearly as well, and has the advantage of always being in readiness. The pressure exerted upon the poison-sac in attempting to withdraw the sting in the way ordinarily done by a novice, is eminent- ly calculated to inject all the poison, pain and swelling possible. Scratch it out and do it quick- ly; then refrain from rubbing the wound; rubbing only diffuses the poison and adds to the ill effects. An immediate application of ammonia or harts- horn we used to think an advantage. This alkali will tend to neutralize the acid poison. From five to twenty drops of ammonia taken internally, in very severe cases of stinging, has been recom- mended for an adult. A few drops of camphor is also said to be beneficial in such cases. An appli- cation of cold water has a soothing effect in case of severe pain. Prof. Cook recommends a strong solution of saltpetre. There are "remedies'' without end; but the best of all is to so manage as to get as few stings as possible, by careful handling. and when stnng, accept it as a necessary part of the business, with good grace; and the time will come when but little heed will be given to a few stings.— En.] Rock Valley, N. Y.; May IS, lUOl. Editor Bee-keeper: In regard to fastening foun- dation into sections, to which I referred in youi May number, would say: I got the idea some time since from the American Agriculturist, where it appeared fully illustrated. After having given it a trial, I have discarded my Daisy and pressure fasteners. Take a smooth board about 8x20 inches, nail to it four blocks equal in thickness to half the width of the section used; have theau close to- gether, though not crowded, so that the sections will drop freely over them. Have melted wax in a handy position, and provide a piece of tin having a straight edge, 4x5 inches. Place the starters inside the sections, upon the blocks; dip the edge of the tin into the wax, allowing the surplus to drip, and quickly place the edge inside the section, against the form or block, using the right hand, and with the left bring the starter down against the tin and quickly withdraw the latter. The tin should be placed at a slight incline to prevent smearing the section. With practice the operator will learn to fasten all four starters without re- dipping. Beginners who do not have the dollar, can make all this themselves without cost, and have less foundation breaking down. True, it takes a lit- tle more rough wax, but not so much of the costly thin foundation. Very truly yours, E. J. Haight. P. S. — The propolis scraper spoken of in a former letter should have the handle bent around to the center of blade, then drawn out at right angles, giving an even pressure the full length of blade. E. J. H. Titusville, Pa.; June :i, lHOl. Editor American Bee-keeper: Enclosed please find fifty cents to apply on my subscription ac- count. I should like to ask brother bee-keepers, through your journal, how I shall construct a hive, or fasten those I have so robbers and thieves can- not get into them. My bees are three miles out in the country, and it is not always convenient for me to be there to watch them. I would be thankful for information. Respectfully, S. Chase. Westville C-enter, N. Y., May 2T, I'.lOl. Editor American Bee-keepek— Will you kindly explain to a greenhorn the benefits, and what is expected of a member of the National Bee- keepers' Association ? Respectfully, Willis H. Free.max. [Space will not permit us to enumerate the many advantages of supporting the National Bee-keepers' Association, here; but would suggest that our correspondent write to the Sec.etary, Ur. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio, for a copy of the constitution and other literature per- taining to the Association. Bee-keeping is yet an infantile industry, so to speak; and it is to become a great industry through the efforts of those pro- gressive ones who have been brought to appreciate 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 139 its possibilities. Mr. Freeman is beginning right, by making this inquiry, and it is a jileasure *o direct him to the fountain-liead of information in regard to tliis great movement. No more difficult requirements are imposed upon its members than the contribution of one dollar a year, toward the defense of bee-keepers' rights and the general ad- vancement of our pursuit. One of the first duties of every bee-keeper is to enroll his name upon this list, thereby protecting himself as well as his brother bee-keepers against imposition; and de- claring bis rights to recognition as a twentieth century, progressive bee-keeper. A man who has recently subscribed for the American Bee-keeper and is already making inquiry into the National Bee-keepers' Association, is not long for the "greenhorn" list. — Ei).] PRACTICAL TALK ON BEES. Rutledge, Pa., June T, 1001. August Weiss, a well-known amateur apiarian, of Rutledge, Pa., gave a practical talk before the Rutledge Lyceum, recently, upon his favorite hobby, which he elucidated in a masterly manner. He took particular pains to dissipate the super- stition that bees were destructive to fruit, and showed the absurdity of the matter by enlarged drawings of the mandibles or jaws of the honey gatherers, making a comparison with the serrated jaws of the wasp to prove that the latter insect was the real mischief-maker that cut into the skin of grapes, plums and peaches. Mr. Weiss also sketched the matter of artificial queen- rearing and had a complete outfit of bee-materials at hand to explain each part. M. F. Reeve. "If we would succeed we must be constant in our purpose." PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE W. T, FALCONER MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Editor. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies 85 cts.; 3 copies, *1.20 ;' all to be sent to one postoflBce. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents e.xtra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, '.» words; $2.00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per cent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. S^^Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The American Bee-keeper, Falconer, N.Y. iW~ Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. UW~ Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. t^" A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. In response to the question, "Does bee-keeping pay?" Mr. N. C. Alford, at the Minnesota Con- vention, said he had kept bees for eight jears, and after paying for the bees, the supplies and help hir- ed, he had cleared in that time six thousand dollars. This was from about 250 colonies kept in Colorado. The editor kindly asks subscribers not to make checks and orders for payment in his name, and not to address correspondence to him re- lating to subscriptions, non-receipt of copies, change of address, etc. All such letters, if addressed to The W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Co., Jamestown, N. Y., will be promptly acknowledged; but if addressed to the editor unnecessary delay is in- curred. An erroneous theory long pro- mulgated by some of the journals, is that in moving combs by wagon, they should be placed lengthwise; it being thought they would carry more safely. A practical test of the matter is reported in Gleanings by H. H. Porter, which shows that it is better to load the combs cross- wise. This experience coincides I 140 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER July with the doctrine long preached by Dr. Miller; but the theorists would hear him not. The New York Herald for May 10 presented an interesting half- page write-up of Mr. F. G. Heinnan, the gentleman who has contributed an article on house apiaries to this number of The Bee-keeper. The HerahVs article was elaborately illustrated with views in and about Mr. Herman's apiaries; though the reporter fully sustained the reputa- tion of his profession, by making a mess of the information given him in regard to bees and bee-keeping. We have learned that there are yet several hundreds of bee-keepers in this country who have not sub- scribed for The Bee-keeper, and in order that they may do so at once, we have decided to give them the opportunity to become acquaint- ed with the paper, by reading it for six months, for ten cents. Send in your dime and have your name en- rolled for six months. We believe you will stay with us. This offer is made only to those who are not now subscribers. Mr. Thaddeus Smith, in the col- umns of the Amerlcjin Bet Journal. some time ago, labored strenuously to discredit the generally accepted fact that bees are necessary to effect a thorough pollenization of fruit- bloom. Mr. Doolittle in a later issue reminds him of several experi- ments formerly conducted, the re- sult of which were irrefutable arguments to the conti'ary. It is not probable that Mr. Smith will have a great following, either in the ranks of the bee-keepers or the growers of fruit. In this number of The Bee- keeper we present a picture in colors. For nearly a year we have been endeavoring to work out a practicable plan of producing pic- tures in natiu^al colors, in The Bee- keeper. The process attempted this month is wholly an experiment, of which we have some hope. The subject includes three leaves and a single festoon of the saw palmetto bloom, with a copy of The Bee- keeper to show comparative size. This shrub is to the Florida bee- keeper what white clover is to the northern producer of honey. Hun dreds of thousands of acres of Florida sand are covered with a scrub growth of it, while in moist and richer localities it grows in im- penetrable jungles and is one of the most beautiful of our sub-tropical palms. In the event of our ability to achieve satisfactory results by this method of reproduction, we should be pleased to receive good photographs of prominent nectar- producing plants from all parts of the country, such as linden, the clovers, sage, appleb lossoms, gold- enrod, asters, raspberry, etc. bee supply exhibit at BUFFALO. We are informed that the pub- lishers of the American Bee-keeper, The W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Co., has an exhibit of some of their products at the Pan-American Ex- position. Visitors will find the ex- hibits of The A. I. Root Co. anl The W. T. Falconer Manufacturing Co. together, in the gallery of the Agricultural Building; so that those interested will see the respec- tive lines of these two leading man- ufacturers side by side. We have no doubt that this joint display will be a central point of interest to at- tending bee-keepers — in fact a sort of bee-keepers' rendezvous. In a priA^ate letter, such as frequently pass between the publishers and the editor, we are advised that the dis- 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 141 play is not an extensive one; but that a photograph of it would be made at the first opportunity, for publication in The Bee-keeper. The ornamental frame- work about the exhibit was made in the Falco- ner factory. We hereby take it upon ourself to cordially invite readers of The Bee-keeper to call and make themselves known. Carlyle says, "Literature is the thought of thiniiing souls." Honey and Beeswax Market. WASHIXGTOX (JKAUING RULES. Fancy. — All sections to be well filled, combs straight, of even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed ex- cept the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well tilled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be "Fancy white," "No. 1, dark," etc. Below we give the latest and most authentic re- port of the Honey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: New Yokk, June 20, V.Ol. — There is no comb honey on this market, nor is there any offering in the country, that we know of. Just at present there is no demand from the consumers. Extract- ed honey is plentiful with but little demand at the jiresent moment. Beeswax is in good demand at from 27 to 2« cts. per pound. Our former quota- tions on comb honey will hold good for the present. Francis H. Lbggett * Co. Chicago, June I'.i. — The new comb honey has not reached this market yet; it would sell at 15 % It) cts.. if choice white, and the ambers at 12 @ IS cts. The market is entirely bare With exception of a few cases of a lot that we had held for us, ex- pecting it would be needed. Advices are that shipments will be started by July 1st. Very little trading is being done in extracted, as large dealers will not contract this season unless at low figures. Some sales of amber have been made at 4^ (1ers are already being entered, and the same will be filled in rotation. Do not neglect to improve this opportunity and get some choice stock, and send your order early so you may get the queen correspondingly early in the season. We are using every precaution to winter this queen safely, but reserve the right in case of her loss this winter to substitute from other select tested stock of this strain which we are holding in reserve, or to give the subscriber the benefit of any of our other clubbing offers if desired. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. €^TJ :BEZ 1E2 IX ^ Improved Golden, and Leather Colored Italian, is what H. G. Quirin rears. We have one of Root's best Red-clover breeders from their f 200 queen and a Golden breeder from Boolittle. who says, "If there is a queen in the United States worth ?I00. this one is." These breeders have been added to. our already improved strain of queens for the coming season. J. L. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., wrote us on Aug. 15, 1900, saying that the colony having one of our queens had already stored over 400 pounds of honey, mostly comb. He states that he is certain our bees work on RED CLOVER, as they were the only kind in his locality and apiary. A. I. Root's folks say that our queens are extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal tells us that he has good reports from our queens from time to time. We have files upon files of un- solicited testimonials. After considering above evidence, need you wonder that our orders have increased each year? Give us a trial order and be pleased: we have had years of experience in rearing and mailing queens: safe delivery will he guaranteed; instruc- tions for introducing sent with each lot of queens. Price after July 1st: Selected - - - - Tested Selected Tested Extra selectet tested, the best money can buy, ^^.00 each. FOLDING CARTONS with your address printed on in two colors, $i per 1,000; 500, $2.75 H. C. QUIRIN, Parkertown, Ohio. 4 6t (Parkertown is now a Money Order Office.) NEVER NEGLECT A COLD OR COUGH Neglect a Cold or Coutrh and If La Grippe don't aet you. Consumption will CrSHMAN'S I]VHA1,EK cures colds and all diseases of the breath- way passages. You losedolla's In doc- tor bills In not keeping tXTSEMAN'S INHAL.Klt handy to drive off a cold or coiiah or sore throat at lts> very first approach. If yon can't eel it nt Dnieclsts s*nd for It mnll, 50 cents. Send for Hook on JlentJiol, freei OL'SIIJUiV DllUGCO., VlXCIiKiVKS, ISU., V. S. A. tf BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. This cut represents our Combined Machine, which is the best machine made for use in the construction of Hives, Sections, Boxes, etc. Sent on trial. Send for Cata- logue and Price List. W. F. & John Barnes Co., 913 Ruby St., Rockford, Typewriters ♦j^ and Cameras. ♦ If any reader of Thk Bee-keeper is contem- plating the purchase of a photographic outfit or a writing machine, I should be pleased to have him correspond with me before placing an order for either. I am in a position to offer new instruments of the highest grade, direct from the manufac- turers, at the lowest possible prices. Respectfully, 3-tL H. E. Hil.L, Ft. Pierce, Fla. EGG RECORD and ACCOUNT BOOK given away. Everyone sending 35 cents now for one year's sub- scription to the Canadian Poultry News, (a It; to 20 page journal devoted to poultry, pigeons and pet stock) will receive a copy of the new Canadian PouUryman's Egg Record and Account Book FREE. Just the thing everybody should have. Or send 45 cents and get the NEWS from June, 1901 to Jan, 1, 1903, and an Egg Record and Ac- count Book. Address at once, ROBT. R. CAMERON, Canadian Poultry News, ff Owen Sound, Ont,, Can. A Perfect System. THE ROYAL TEMPLARS have placed their system of protection on a foundation so broad and deep that it shall stand long after all other systems have passed away and are forgotten, and will insure the widow and orphan the fulfillment of the provision made to se- cure them from the cold blasts of want by the loving forethought of the husband and father, who has been removed by the hand of death. What it Provides. All the social enjoyments of a Grand Fraternity. All the financial protecfiou of a power- ful Life Insurance Corporation. Aid to the bereaved family in making- prompt payment of every just claim, tf The Bee is the most Cleanly of Insects ; Bee-keepers "^'t'lhe most Cleanly of Men. We h;ivj been telling you about the Empire Folding Bath Tub for some time now, and every word is true as gospel. The Tub is such as is not sold in regular way of trade for less than $35.00; but we are not making them now and wish to dis- jiose of tlie stock on liand; we need the space. The tub can be used anywhere in the house, fi.xed up with plumbing or not. as convenient, and if you have a room you must use for other purposes be- sides bath room, it is the only thing. Send for particulars to The Emjiire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. We sell the Tubs now for $18. The Record. The Oldest and Leading Belgian Hare Journal of America and England. R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher, The only journal having an English Belgian Hare Department. One cupy worth the yearly subscription. If interested, don't fail to send 2-cent stamp for sample copy at once. Address, R. J. FINLEY, 12-tf MACON , MO. Sold by All Newsdealers Furnrshes MonthJy to all lovers of Song and Music a vast volume of New, Choice Copyright Compositions by tile most popular autfiors. 64 Pages of Piano piusic Half Vocal, UnK Instrumental 21 Complete Pieces for Piano Once a Montli for 10 Cents. Yearly Subscription, $1.00. If bought in any music store at one-half off, would cost $5.25, a saving of $5.15 monthly. In one year you get nearly 800 Pages of Music, comprising 252 Complete Pieces for the Piano. If you cannot get a copy from your Newsdealer, send to us and wc will mail you a sample free. J. W. PEPPER, Publisher, Eighth & Locust Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. ALL LOWERS OF NATURE ^'^'^"""'^'•"^"irfhTXress of BIOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, BOTANY, MINERALOGY, ASTRONOMY, ENTOM- OLOGY, PHOTOGRAPHY, CHEMISTRY, HYGIENE, HEALTH, etc., should not tail to secure, as a regular visitor to their home, Popular Science News, Instructive. Uf great value to teachers, and persons engaged in educational work. Interesting. To further introduce this magazine, and to induce many to subscribe who are not now readers of POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS, the publishers have secured special terms whereby they are enabled to make the following gp ^(21^ |_^ COMBINATION QFFE R ^°'' '•'^^ '^"™™'"' '"°°*'^^' POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS [new] six months ^0 SO Review OF Reviews [new] '" " 12.5 Success [new or renewal] " " 0 50 The American Bee-kkei'KR [new]. " " 0 35 *2 80 All Four for $1.68. All Four for $2.85. or POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS [new] one year ?l BO Review OF Reviews [new] '■ " 2 50 Success [new or renewal] " " 100 The A.MKUiCAN Bee-keeper [new] " " (I 50 ?5 (iO Subscriptions may be sent to one or different addresses. Subscriptions to the Review of Reviews, Popular Science News aud The American Bee-keeper must be new, but subscriptions to Success may be either new or renewal. Whenever possible remittances should be made by check or money order payable to Popular Science News. If money is sent the coin should be gummed to a piece of cardboard before placing in envelope, to insure safety. Foreign postage e.xtra. Address all communications to tf POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS, JOS Fulton St., New York City. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. $1.00 a year. Address, CONNECTICUT FARMER, Hartford, Conn. tf The FANCIERS' GAZETTE, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. A monthly poultry paper of from 40 to 60 pages, which keeps at the front as a genuine, high-class poultry publication. It also issues illus- trations of fowls in their natural colors. It is devoted to poultry raising in all of its branches. Send your address to it for a free copy. The price of the paper per year is 50 cents, six months 25 cents. 2-f>t Attention! Poultry Raisers. "Diseases of Poultry ami Their Cure" is a book giving a careful aud thorough des- criptiou of all diseases common to poultry. It will tell you what is the matter with your fowls when they are .sick, aud will give you the surest cure. Every poultry raiser needs it. Price 25 cents, post paid. Published by the Eureka Mfg. Co., 2-6t Ea.st St. Louis, 111. The finest line of Wooden Advertising Novelties, such as Thermometers, Match Safes, Rulers, Yard- sticks, etc. made in the world, is the line manufac- tured by The American Mfg. Concern, Jamestown, N.Y. Perfected Von Culin Incubator is known pretty well all over the country and has never failed to prove satisfactory when handled by a person of intelligence and with ordinary attention. We guar- antee them to be satisfactory or you needn't pay for them. What's more fair than this offer, and doesn't it show that we mean what we say as to its merits? Send for catalogue. The W. T. FALCONER MFC. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. The Fruit Growers' Journal, is a six column, eiglit-page journal, pub- lished monthly, at Cobden, Illinois, The Fruit Growing Center of the West. It is an all-around horticultural, agri cultural journal, and is devoted largely to transportation and markets. Agents Wasted. Send two cents for sample copy. 12 tf The North American Horticulturist. Issued Monthly... C. J. MeCORMICK, Editor. 50 Cents jier Year. A Strictly First-class Paper for the General Farmer, and for Fruit Growers and Horticul- turists Especially Every issue is worth more than the price of subscription for a year. The latest and best ideas on Horticultural subjects, glean- ed from our own e-xperience and the reports of the experi- ments constantly carried on by the foremost Horticultur- ists of the world, are carefully studied and arranged in con- cise and readable form for the benefit of our readers. Send for sample copy. North American Horticulturist, Moxu(jE, Mich. If Interested send for a free copy of AMEEICAN POULTRYMAN and HARE BREEDER. An illustrated, newsy, up-to-date journal, published in the interest of the American fancier and breeder. Subscription 50 cents the year, 25 cents the half year. To the advertiser it brings re- sults. Rates and convincing proof sent on request. Address AMERICAN POULTRYMAN CO., tf Indianapolis, Ind. Lost! Lost! Are you looking for Friend or Relative ? If so, we may be able to assist you in locating them. That is the business we make a specialty of. Address SEARCH, Postoffice Box 850, tf Denver, Colorado. Pigeon Flying ! The leading, brightest and best authority on Homing Pigeons in America. Charles H. Jones, Editor and Publisher, lO So. Broad St., Philadelphia. Sole Manufacturer of National Association bands, also initial, seamless and open bands for dragoons, carriers and all kinds of toy pigeons- Aluminum Seamless bands for Homers and Toys - - - - ifs 50 per 100 Aluminum Seamless bands for Dra- goons and Carriers - - - 8 OP " 100 Seamless German Silver bands - - 2 00 " lOO Open bands— German Silver - 1 00 " 100 Countermarks - - - - 80 " 100 Countermarks, Aluminum, very light 1 00 " 100 No extra charge for Initials. Ail registered for future bands are reference. No samples sent unless price of bands and cost of mailing is remitted. All kinds of rubber stamps and figures for mark- ing pigeons. Send stamp to the above address for illustrated catalogue for all appliances pertaining to pigeons. 12-tf SHINE! The Empire W^shsr Company, Jamestown, N.Y. make a Shine Cabinet, furnished with foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe rubber — in fact, all articles and materials needed to keep shoes looUing their best — and as it is made to be fastened to the wall of toilet room or kitchen, it does away with the vexatious searching after these articles which is altogether too common. A postal will bring you details of this and other good things. There was a man in 'Our town who thought him wondrous wise; he swore by all the fabled gods he'd never advertise. But his goods were advertis- ed "ere long, and thereby hangs a tale: The ad. was set in nonpareil (this size), and headed SHEKIFFS SALE.— M. T. Beeswax wanted We will pay 26 cents cash or 29 cents in goods for good quality of Beeswax, freight paid to FALCON- ER, N.Y. If you have any, ship itto us at once. [Prices subject to change without notice.] The W. T. Falconer Mfe. Co. EGGS IN WINTER Are easily obtained under ri'^ht conditions and proper attention. Subscribe for otir poultry paiier and learn how. 25 cts. a year. Sample copy fre-\ THE POULTRY ITEM, Box 190, Fkicks, Pa. W. M. Gerrish, East Nottingham, N. H., keeps a complete supply of our goods, and eastern customers will save freight by ordering of him. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. BEE SUPPLIES from LEWIS They are the finest. THOUSANDS OF BEE HIVES, MILLIONS OF SECTIONS, Ready for Prompt Shipment. G- B- LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., =_^ U. S. A. Branch: G. B. LEWIS CO., 11) So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Jonrnal. Every new subscriber sending $1.00 for the weekly American Bee Journal for one year will receive a copy of Newman's 160 page "Bees and Honey" free. The old American Bee Journal is great this year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Journal free. Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & 00., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 189T. Circulation 5,000. Devoted exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Israel, Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. HELLO! Do you want some good pure bred POULTRY? We can furnish you ECCS FOR HATCH- ING from fine White Wonder fowls, R. C. B. Leg- horns, B. P. Rocks, Partridge Cochins; S. L., Gold- en and Black Wyandottes, Toulouse Geese, Rouen Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want something good send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, Itf The Eureka Poultry Farm, Established 1!) years. Hamburg, Wis. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S. BEGINNERS. should have a copy of The Amateur Eee-keeper, a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "Ft is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price 24 cents; by mail 28 cents. The little book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, (a lire, progressive, 28 page monthly journal,) one year for 65c. Apply to any first-class dealer, or address LEAHY MFG- 00,, Higgmsvui., mo. A BATH UMPIRE U Dnrt: IS a luxury when taken in an *^' Portable Folding BATH TUB. Used in any room Agexts Wan'ted Catalogue Free. , The empire WASHER CO., jAMESTOWN,N.r. PUCK'S ideal farmer— an unsophisticated green- horn with hayseed in his whiskers — is now extinct except in Puck. The modern farmer enjoys the graces of life as much as his urban brother. No need to go without a bath-tub when You can have one sent for CLUBBING LIST. We will send The American Bee-keeper with the — PRICE BOTH American Bee Journal $1 00 $1 35 Bee-keepers" Review 1 00 1 .SS Canadian Bee Journal 1 00 1 35 Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 00 1 35 American (^ueen 50 60 Modern Culture 1 00 1 00 BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long experience, should have at least one good text book upon the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee-keeping. In ordering by mail be sure to add the amount of postage named: " Postage Price, extra. ABC of BeeCulture (A.I.Root),cloth$l 00 20c. Bee-keepers' Guide (Prof. A. J. Cook) 1 00 15c. Langstroth on Honey Bee, rev. (Dadant) 1 10 - 15c. Quinby's New Bee-keeping (Quinby) . . 1 40 10c. Thirty Years Among Bees (Alley) 48 2c. How to Manage Bees (Vandrufl) 25 5 c Amateur Bee-keeper (Rouse) 20 5c. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Jamestown, N.Y. PI!nf!lfIir!!l!!!l!lf»fmTmiTITIII!!f!Mimi!l!ll!M!»!nillll!nilfllll!Tllllllfl!ltllllil>infnt!t!T»!iminill»[!ff!l!tltinillllHlllll!mg (The Lamp of Steady Habits| The lamp that doesn't flare up or smoke, or cause you to use bad language ; the lamp that looks good when you get it and stays good ; the lamp that you never willingly part with, once you have it ; that's the new Rocbesien Other lamps may be offered you as " just as good " — they may be, in some respects, but for all around goodness, there's only one. To make sure the lamp offered you is genuine, look for the name on it ; every New Rochester lamp has it. We make oil stoves too, just as good as the lamps; in fact, anything in oil or gas fixtures. Thb Rochester Lamp Co., 38 Park Place and 33 Barclay St., New York. 'UiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiUiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiuiiHiiiiiiiuiiuiaiiuiiuiiiiiuiuiiiiinuiiuiimiiiUiUiiiiiiiuiitti E »W63/284 fSTER, 3 Patent Wired Comb Foundation has no Sag in Brood Frames. Thin Flat Bottom Foundation has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey. Being the cleanest is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made. The talk about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish a Wired Foun- dation that is BETTER, CHEAPER and not half the trouble to use that it is to wire brood frames. Circulars and samples free. J. VAN DEUSEN &, SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Montgomery County, Sprout Brook, N.Y. Please mention American Bee-keeper. WHENYOU DROPaDOLLAR it is a good plan to look where it strikes, that you may pick it up again. When you invest a dollar for advertising space in Poultry Pointers, at our special rate, it is just like -dropping a dollar where you can pick up TWO. Write at once for sample copy, special rates and full particulars to F'OUL'TPiY POINTEKS Office, atf 300 West Main Street, Ionia, Mich. The Nebraska Farm Journal A monthly journal devoted to agricultural interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural pa- per in the west. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb. UNITED STATES BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. General Manager and Treasurer — Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, la. Among industrial organs, a small paper that sticks closely to its subject is worth a cartload of the aimless noraads that claim to co7or the whole field. Subscribe now for Tue Aji. Bee-keeper. One Year 10c. to If you are not a subscriber The Poultry. Industry, ''""iX silver, and get this vigorous up-to-date poultry journal ■ one whole year. Every copy is worth the year's subscription price. Tlie Poultry Industry, Box 218, Gouverneur, N.Y. 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE Trade Marks Designs Copyrights &c. Anyone sending a sltetch and description may quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an invention is probably patentable. Communic.i- tions strictly confldeiitial. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken throueh Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the A handsomely illustrated weekly. I/argest cir- culation of any scientitlc journal. Terms, f3 a year : four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers. Ml)NN&Co.3«'«-^''-^ New York Branch Office, 325 F St., Washington, X>. C. Just a minute of your time ! Soi.d us a list of the beo-ktM^pcrs in your vicinity and wo will send them sample copies of The Bkk-kkkpkk. This will not take ranch of your time or bo much trouble to you and you will i) doing your friends a favor. Entered at the Postoffice, Falconer, N.Y., a second-class inaitt Incubator Free on trial. The PERFECTED YON CULIN INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every hatchable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator. Prices i^7. 00 up. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mf^. Go. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y. Another big Offer! As I hare explained in previous advertise- ments, the publisher of a good journal can afford to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his journal into new hands. I have in the past made several such offers, but here is one that I consider especially liber- al. If you are not a subscriber to the Bee-keepers' KeVieW, send me $1.30 and I will have your subscription to Tub American Bee-keepek renewed for oi e year, send you 12 back numbers of THE REVIEW, and then THE REVIEW for all of 1901. Remember two things : You must be a NEW subscriber to THE RE- VIEW, and the order must be sent to W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. W! HOW TO MAKE MONEY Jl^ Wrth POULTRY & PICEONSf KM ^ 36 pa^G book on care, management, bnilding and other ^ plam, receipts and other raluable iDformation. ilail- plam ed for a 2 ct. stamp. . H. Frick, FniCKS, Pa. S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent LancT Department, Florida East Coast Railway, Perrine Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. iztf HTf If, BINGHAM -'—'"J has made all the im- 7 provements in ^ Bee Smokers and ft Honey Knives made in the last 30 years, undoubtedly ho makes the best on earth. Smoke Engine. 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail ?1 50 3^ inch 1.10 Knife, 80 cents. .S inch 1.00 2!^ inch 90 T. F. Bingham, ??°';''w-a-,"' i? _ .■'^■. . Little Wonder, 2 in. .60 Farwell, Mich. ILLUSTRATED BOOK OF POULTRY. Giving an illustration and description of every Thoroughbred Breed in Ameri- ca, including varieties not yet in the "Standard." Send for colored circular and special offers. Henry H. Frick, Publisher, Fricks, Pa. PATENTS Caveats, Trade Marks Copyrights and Designs Send your business direct to Washington Saves time, costs less, better service My office close to the U. S. Patent Office. Persona! attention given. Tw^enty years' experience. Boo!< "Hov^^ to Obtain Patents" etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggers receive special notice, without charge, in the INVRNT?IVR AGR. Illustrated Monthly. Twelfth year. Terms §1 a year E. G. SIGGERS, yiS F Street N. W. Washington, D. C. Still 10c. a Year. Until further notice you can still get the POULTRY, BEE AND FRUIT JOURNAL for 10c. per year. Or by getting four of your friends to send with you, we will either extend your subscription one year or make you a gift of a good poultry book. Send to-day — NOW •before it is too late, as this offer may be withdrawn at any time. Send your dime and get the neatest, boiled down, right-to-the-point, stop-when-you've-said-it m o n t hly journal an entire year. Thirty words in Breeders' Column for 25c. Dis- play advertising 75c. per inch, net. No discounts for time or space. A guarantee of satisfaction written in every contract. Poultry, Bee and Fruit Co., Davenport, Iowa. Mail Order Dealers, in fact all advertisers will find THIS AND THAT a splen- did medium for results. Give us a trial and be convinced. Rates, for a short time only, 5 cents per non- pareil line. Circulation 10,000. Address, T. Fortson Pruett, Publisher. Sidney, N. Y. SEE! The Belgian Hare Advocate is a large 16 page, 64 column mag- azine, published monthly at twenty- five cents a year, and if interested in this new and popular industry you certainly should subscribe. Edited by a practical breeder in the interests of the Belgian indus- try, Poultry and Pet Stock. Subscription and advertising at live and let live prices. Our motto: Y'our money's worth every time. The Belgian Hare Advocate, PONETO, IND. Ruth's Belgian Hare Directory, price 10 cts. The Advocate one year and Directory for only 30 cts. Homes in Old Virginia- It is gradually brought to light that the Civil war has made great changes, freed the slaves, and in consequence has made the large land owners poor and finally freed the land from the original owners who would not sell until they were compelled to do so. There are some of the finest lands in the market at very low prices, lands that produce all Ivinds of crops, grasses, fruits, and berries; fine for stock. You find green truck patches, such as cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale, spinach, etc., growing all the win- ter. The climate is the best all the year around to be found, not too cold nor too warm. Good water. Healthy. Railroads running in every direction. If you desire to know all about Virginia send 10c. for three months subscription of the VIRGINIA FARMER to Farmer Co., Emporia, Va. There is no trade or profession better catered to by good journals than that of the farmer. Unin- telligent unprogressiveness has now no excuse. If you are in want of HIPPING GASES, ECTIGNS or anything else used by Bee-keepers, send to us for prices. Our goods are as good as can be made. When you visit the Pan-Amei-ican at Buffalo, don't fail to see our exhibit in the gallery of the Ag'rlcultural Building;. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. JAMESTOWN, N.Y. ^;i Looking Backward ? We think not. The West is the direction to look forward to for business. Have you either Bee or Poultry Suiiy)lies, or Stock, that you wish to sell in the West? The OREGON POULTRY JOURNAL in the best niediuiu of its class throufih which to ie:.ch breeders. The OFFICIAL ORGAN of the Oregon State Poultry Association. Advertising rates on application. Subscription 50 cents per year. Address C. D. MINTON, Manager, Ktf Salem, Oregon. 00 YOUR HENS PAY? This woman understands her business, 10 Dozen Eggs at 36c. per dozen from 180 hens in one day. That Egg Basket tells the story. :o-(lMle. with breed PJGPNS. Kh. Profusely 111 horougli and cone >'eiirsexperienc-o i: POULTRY Ten Dozen at le perd^ 7 lnone(l'l^ form 180 hens Our New Hook' HelpMor I'onlrrv K< « i>* rs t( II ? how ( xplams why so ni iiiv f 111 mdsottw sucietd. A Book wee m c< ninun 1 w ith a y oil c( nstii-uce as aGREAT HELP to all Poultry Keepers young or old. Describes 60 varieties of fowls, well Illustrated, and contains a PouUry Keepers Account showing gainer loss monthly;on heavy paper worth 25 cts. This Book Free with our Poultry Paper one year for 35c. or Book free with paper 3 months for 10c. Descriptive circulars Free for stamp to pay postage. Wayside Poultry Co., Clintonville. Conn. THE PvABPIT; How- to tfelL'ct, Breed jiiid ._«,. Mannge the liiibbit iiid betgiau Hare lor Pkaauii; or Prutit, fifth ediliou low ready, nicely illugiraied.eularged, fl no paper, up- xj-(hi^e^vjt!i breeders direciory. etc. Price -^3 cents. TFIE PlGh-ON; How to Select, Breed and Manage tlic Pigeon for ■ .w.— .-...w. PlOi'stiieorPioiit, hyA V.Meei- !cn. Profusely Illustrated, treating the siiiiiect In a borough and concisemanuor, theauthorhavingniauy l^'axsexpejleneein U. S. and England. Price 'i'i cts. P APE K, llliisfd, 2J pages, 2.'> cents per year. 4months' trial lOcents. . _w-.... Sample free. Gl-page piaciical louiti-y book free to yearly subscribers. Book alone 0 cents. Tlie paper one year and eitherS.') ct. book for 10 ; and, if long continued, will cause the cells to " weep" and the honey to sour. If the temperature mentioned above cannot be maintained, or very nearly so, in the room in which we store our honey, an oil stove or heater will be found an excellent thing, as the wicks can be turned up or down so as to give the de- sired temperature at all times. Having It in such a warm room, it will be neces- sary to look at it often, for this high temperature will cause the eggs of the wax moth to hatch, should there be such on the combs. If little flour-like lines are seen on many of the combs, *hus showing that the little larvfe have com- menced their work, it will be necessary to destroy them in some way, or they will soon spoil the nice looks of the cap- ping and cause the honey to run out of the cells. When such flour-like places have been found, it has been my custom to sulphur the honey, which is done by setting an old iron kettle having ashes and live coals in it in the room, when one-fourth pound of sulphur is poured on for every two hundred cubic feet contained in the room. Care must be used, for it is quite a nice point to get enough sulphur to kill the moth larvte, and at the same time not to burn so much as to color the combs; for if too much is burned, the combs will take on a greenish hue, which will injure its sale in the market. Having the honey thoroughly ripened, — and sulphured if necessary — the next thing is to crate it. The propolis should be carefully scraped from each section, so that none of the slovenly look shall be upon it which we sometimes see in honey where no attention has been paid to this propolis matter. Before com- mencing to scrape the propolis off, three sections should be selected which will fairly represent the pile of honey, when, as each section is finished, it is to be held up near these so as to tell into which grade it shall go. It may be nec- essary to make, more than three grades in some parts of the country ; but with me three grades are sufflcicnt for each source of honey. And it is best never to mix honey from different sources together; so we will put the clover, basswood and buckwheat honey, each into three grades. I use x's to distin- guish these grades, xxx being having you criticise his double-compound self- assorting -drone-queen-catcher ? You should never meddle with an in- ventor's hobby; 'tisn't safe. Now. there is that mild-mannered Rambler, just mention "wire and frames" to him — and then take my advice, and run. Win, the Aiken-Fowls prize figlit isn"t a cir- cumstance to what will happen to yim ; The Parson, in addition to his otlicr troubles, has been trying the Swart hv Moor's nucleus system, and such a nuss of swarming out you never did sec : The founder of the house of Root tried those toy nuclei years ago, and tlun tried something else. Mayhap the S. .M. has some secret way. He is one of those "Down East" Yankees, and there"? no telling what they'll do. "Nothing succeeds like success;" if you doubt it, see how successfully tiiat Dowagiac free lance has bobbed up in the Revieio. How he can ruffle the boys ! Showing up another's foibles generally does that. Time 'twas dune 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 147 some more; so please try and pull J. H. from his retirement. There is that fun- loving Dr. of Toledo who makes things so lively at the conventions: he's keep- ing awfully quiet. Just roll a ball his way and see how kittenish he can be. And what has happened to that canny Scot of Lapeer who used to do such artistic prodding miheRevieivf Where, forsooth, are several of the other ancients and honorables who used to make things "go?" Has the weight of years o'er- come them, or has there been so much goody-goody-you-pat-me-and-I-pat-y o u , that they have retired in disgust ? To be sure, there are in evidence one or two cantankerous chaps at whom 'tisn't safe to point your finger unless you crave a shower of billingsgate; but that kind should be forced into retirement. All this was suggested by a letter from a New Englander who was bewailing the deadness of our literature. He has a handy way of using the literary ''shil- lalah" himself, so I wrote to him to pitch in and I would applaud at the in- dicated spots. This heat beats that of the Gila desert. "All ask for ice; but everywhere Saltpetre is to sell." Yours as ever, .TOHN Hardscrabble. What goes in bee-keeping goes in The Bee-keeper. What The Hee-keeper says goes in bee-keeping — generally. THE BLIND BEE-KEEPER. BY BESSIE L. PUTNAM. FRANCIS HUBER was born in Gene- va, July 3, 17.50. The son of a prosperous family celebrated for their knowledge of science and art, he early manifested an aptitude for natural history, which developed almost into a passion; and so assiduously did he de- vote himself to its pursuit that his health was endangered. At the age of fifteen the reflection of the glary snow render- ed him permanently blind. This misfortune, bitterly deplored by the young naturalist, served not for a moment to deflect him from his purpose; in fact, the barrier seemed rather to increase his efforts than to impede his progress; and the other senses, sharpen- ed by added duties and responsibilities, brought to light, amid physical darkness, many of the fundamental principles of apiculture. In later years he was ably assisted by his wife, niece and faithful servant, Burnens. Of the patience, fidelity and skill of the latter, a single instance may be cited. It was at one time necessary, in a certain experiment to examine, separately, all the bees in two hives. His master says: "Burnens spent eleven days in performing this work, and during the whole time he scarcely allowed himself any relaxation, but what the relief of his eyes required."' Huber experimented much on the habit-i of bees; the peculiar functions of the various organs being through these observations for the first time made ap- parent. The antennae, formerly regarded merely as organs of touch, he maintain- ed were also used in communication with their fellows. The peculiar behavior of the queen-bee, when deprived of both antennae was fully described ; and ex- tended observations with both workers and drones confirmed his opinion — now fully corroborated by scientists — that a bee deprived of its antennse is as help- less mentally as a pigeon bereft of its cerebrum. Absurd as it now seems, a learned (?) treatise on bees published in 1730 bears the startling statement that one of the chief missions of the drone is to play the part of a setting hen. This speaks not only of his industry in the work for which nature especially designed him, but of his "great usefulness in sitting upon and hatching the Eggs and by his great heat doth keep warm the Brood when hateh'd, thereby giving the work- ing Bees the more Liberties to follow their Labours abroad, whilst they supply their place at home, by taking care of the Young: so that the Male Bee is not 14» THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER August \ only of great use, but of absolute neces- sity, not only to the being, but the well- being of the Colony of Bees.'' The above extract shows not only the practical necessity of systematic study among the colonies, but the vast amount of superstition and ignorance which abounded at every step. And the skill with which the blind Huber sifted out the truth speaks wonders both of his ability and assiduity. He demonstrated the special functions and interdepen- dence of the queen, worker and drone, besides picking up a host of facts, some of which are of inestimable value to the practical bee-keeper. Very interesting is his account of the antagonism of a young queen against a possible rival ; and the zeal with which she hunts out and destroys all queen-cells, is but one remarkable phase in a remarkable life. HIS GREATEST MONUMENT. His New Observations on Bees was first published in 1796, and was event- ually translated into nearly every Eu- ropean tongue. Aside from the impor- tant nature of its contents, the remark- able circumstances under which it wa* written gave to it a special prominence and won for its author immediate recog- nition by the French Academy of Sciences and other eminent scientific bodies. Huber never derived any ma- terial benefit from his scientific investi- gations. They were made solely for love's sake ; and in this light they repaid many fold. To exchange a life of emiiti and uselessness for the bliss which only a naturalist can enjoy; is this not sufficient reward? But to Huber is ac- corded much more. Though rivals at- tempted to calumniate him, strove to render his infirmity a proof of inaccu- racy, his new discoveries, as well as his corroboration of principles, proposed but not fully established, are now recogniz(>d as correct in all important details. No other bee-lover (wer worked under such seemingly unsurmountable difficulties; probably no other ever accomplished so much; and with the cordiality peculiar to the fraternity, bee-keepers of all nations are proud to confer upon Fra'.^cis Hu')er the well-deserved title, '-Prince of Apiarists." Harmonsburg, Pa. The article, '"Roadside Weeds," page 139, of The Bee-keeper for July, was contributed by Bessie L. Putnam, the name having been unintentionally omitted. ROBBERS AND THIEVES. Queen-rearing Pointers, and a Pertinent Paragraph on the Subjectof Selection. BY W. W. M'NEAL. WE read much of late in the pages of the bee journals about honey-bees robbing the sweets of another colony, but very little is writ- ten of the thieving bees. To rob means, I believe, the taking of something by means of superior force and with violence; to thieve is simply stealing, and stealing is the abominable habit of trying to gain by stealth. The apiarist whose bees are given to robbing is not deserving of much glory, for this is the fruit of his owu carelessness, while the other may not be directly so. Bees will never rob when conditions are normal with all colonies in the apiary: it is only when sweets have been unduly exposed that they make those wild, devastating attack^ to take by force. It is as much to be expected of the bees that they will do this as it is that watci- will run down hill; yet there is no neiil of fear from robber-bees if precaution is taken to leave no sweets exposed to them when there is a dearth of honey from the flowers. But thieving on the part of the bees, or some of the bees, is quit(! distinct in its effects from that of robbing. The apiarist cannot well control this even when he is aware that his bees are en- gaged in it. Some colonies, by their 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 149 seeming indiflferoncc invite -'stranger" bees into the hive to despoil or carry off the honey. These are not necessarily queenless colonies or colonies having virgin queens. A colony in the best condition may, at certain times, have a portion of its honey spirited away. Thieving bees ply their trade best when honey is plentiful, and those colonies that are the best gatherers ol honey suffer the most; for when flushed with honey, the regular inmates of the hive pay but little attention to a stranger. When this state of things is extended to the gorging of the honey-sac, the bee becomes exceedingly lethargic, and for the time being will offer no effectual re- sistance. I cannot now give any solu- tion of the problem for preventing this pillaging among the bees of an apiary. I would not have the conditions removed I that favor it — a good flow of honey. Contracting the entrance to the hive will never do, for the bees at that time must have air in abundance. Sprinkling the bees with some highly scented mixture I have never found to be worth the trouble; and I might add, incidentally, that the scent of a stranger bee has but little to do with barring her from companionship with any colony if she comes to them full-handed, deporting herself as becomes an honest bee. The only effectual remedy for a case of robbing by bees is in the prompt re- moval of all honey accessible to them. This is imperative if order is to be re- stored among the colonies in the apiary and with every living thing near the apiary. Should the colony or colonies being robbed still offer resistance, con- tract the entrance to the hive, but don't close the hive. Go to the colonies mak- ing the attack and close their respective hives for a few hours. This procedure will have the desired effect; thencefor- ward don't be guilty of provoking your bees to rob by leaving sweets where they can get at them. A hive full of honey with a dispropor- tionately large entrance to the bees that guard it differs only in degree with the act of putting honey outside the hive; and as soon as there is a scarcity of honey from natural sources, strong colo- nies will ferret it out, when trouble is sure then to follow. But what I wish to speak uf advisedly is that since the attention of the queen- bee fancier is being directed to those colo- nies that store the greatest number of pounds of honey, I would say, look well to this pillaging feature in the disposi- tion of the bee, lest we play the part of the man in the fable who killed the goose thai laid the golden egg. THE DOOLITTLE QUEEN-CELL CUPS. We of the bee-keeping fraternity who have not, should give Mr. Doolittle a great big vote of thanks for his method of queen-rearing. But my observations along this line teach me that to get a really good queen-bee, the first larva transferred to the cell-cup should be ex- changed in about twenty-four hours for another ; for it does not stand to reason that the early treatment of the first larva used could possibly admit of a per- fect development. In a state of nature it is no uncommon thing for a queen-cell cup containing an egg to be provisioned with a visible drop of liquid food ; I say I have witnessed this time and again, and no doubt many others have seen the same. Now, when a larva is transferred to the cup it does not matter how much royal food is given at the time, the bees always remove this. And upon investi- gating in a few hours, the cups are not only empty but they appear to be per- fectly dry. We are told that all worker-larvae would develop into queen-bees, were they fed bountifully till the cell was capped by the bees. So, then, I think, it will be safe to say that during the first ten hours of the larva's existence in the prepared cell-cup, it does not develop toward or as a queen should, but as a worker-bee. Taking for granted that no larv« are used which are over thirty-six hours old for queens, it becomes appa- 150 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Aitgnst rent that, from the early treatment by the bees, the larvae is made to be much older before it begins to develop toward a queen. This treatment of the queen- to-be is worse than that accorded the ordinary worker-larvae by the mature bees ; it takes the form of a blight from which the queen can never recover. I always remove from the cells the first larvae given as soon as they begin to float on the food given them by the bees, and if these are lifted tlierefrom very carefully, putting as small larvjB as pos- sible in the identical spot the larger one was taken from, the bees will not re- move the food this time, but allow the larvae to develop uninterruptedly as a queen-larva should. Of course, this re- quires some extra work; but the young queens are enough better to pay for the trouble. Wheelersburg, O.; April 8, 1901. Who shall decide when doctors disagree. And soundest casuists doubt, like you and me? —Pope. BEE-KEEPING AS A SIDE ISSUE, Or a Back-yard Industry— A Lesson for Beginners. BY r. G. HERMAN. NEARLY every one who has even a small open space, has folt at one time or other a longing for the pleasant occupation of tending bees ; but most people are frightened away from the undertaking by the difficulties which seem to present themselves. In the first place they are puzzled to know how to make a proper beginning, and what the requirements really are; for it goes without saying that no person wishes to invest very much capital in an uncertainty. A little looking into the question will usually disclose the fact that some one within a radius of five or six miles of you is a bee-keeper of some degree. If this is the case, it is well to buy your bees close at home, even if they are common bees, and in a box hive, for transpoiting bees is not only ex- pensive but also risky, as a great deal depends on proper packing and shipping; besides the novice can usually obtain considerable information while purchas- ing the bees and striking a bargain. Of course, it is best to begin with only one colony, which, in the Spring of the year, consists of one queen, a few hun- dred drones and from twenty to fifty thousand workers. This will keep you fully occupied at first, and furnish you with experience which would be costly if obtained on a larger scale. Your colony of common bees in a box hive should not . cost you more than from three to five dollars. Afterwards you can transfer them into a movable frame hive and in- troduce an Italian queen. As the queen is the mother of all the bees in the hive, you will soon have a race of thorough- breds. The writer can well remember the time when he obtained his first colony of bees. It was in a box hive and was pulled home on a hand sled, and cost the small sum of three and a half dollars. After purchasing a smoker and veil, an empty hive for the expected swarm and a few other trifles, he set out to harvest a crop of honey. At the close of the season, when summing up. he was surprised to learn that his crop of honey had cost him three dollars a pound. It i» needless to say that he was glad that the crop was not any larger at that price, for the expected swarm, although being hived twice, liad decamped for parts unknown. It has been my experience and that of bee-keepers generally that there are fewer risks and larger profits in com- parison to the amount of capital invest- ed in bee-keeping than in any other business. Of course, emergencies do arise, but if they are met by ordinary foresight and common sense, they are not likely to result disastrously. For detaih^d instructions sucli as it is beyond the scopi; of this article to give, there are numerous bee-books to help the novice over the rough places in this nxn rHE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 151 delightful branch of agriculture. Rev. L. L. Langstroth, to whom great honor is clue, is the father of American bee- keeping; indeed, it was through him that the pursuit has been developed from a game of chance into the great industry tliat It is to-day; for it was his invention of the movable-frame hive that has changed the occupation of the apiarist from one of pleasure but uncertain profits into a well-pajing business. The illustration herewith shows a growth of six years" duration, or, in however, that each hive should binng in at least five dollars a year, and as each hive also throws oflf a swarm annually, it is easy to see how a little capital invested in bees will grow and multiply, besides yielding a very fair per cent, of profit. In locating an apiary and arranging the hives, much taste can be displayed, but a few general principles should always be observed. It is an advantage to have the hives facing eastward or southward in order to have the morning sun shine in at the entrances of the hives. APIARY OF F. G. H ERM Other words, an old box-hive transform- ed into a cozy little apiary of sixty colo- nies. The crop of honey has multiplied from two pounds into two thousand. Who can foretell the possibilities of the busy little bees ? And now as to profits. As I am a mere man, and bee-culture is still only a side-issue with me, possibly you may not consider my own testimony valuable, though my bees bring in a tidy, easily earned, and ever-increasing addition to my regular income. It is a conservative estimate of the bee-keepers generally, AN, ENGLEWOOD, N. J. which induces the bees to fly forth early in quest of the nectar which collects in the flowers during the night. When the hives are in this position, they will also be protected from the north and west winds. A hedge of evergreens or honey- suckle, as shown in tlie picture, will be a further protection and make a splen- did enclosure. A few shade-trees in the apiary are an advantage and invariably attract the swarms which may issue from the hives at swarming time. Englewood, N. J. 153 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER AlKJUSt Cupid and the Bee. Cupid once upon a bed Of roses laid his weary head ; Luckless urchin, not to see Within the leaves a slumbering bee; The bee awaked — with anger wild The bee awaked, and stung the child. Loud and piteous are his cries; To Venus quick he runs, he flies; "Oh, Mother! — I am wounded through - I die wiih jiain — in sooth I dol Stung by some little angry thing. Some serpent on a tiny wing — A bee it was — for once, I know, I heard a rustic call it so." Thus he spoke, and she the while Heard him with a soothing smile, Then said, "My infant, if so much Thou feel the little wild bee's touch, How must the heart, ah, Cupid! be. The hapless heart that's stung by thee! -Thomas Moore. The big convention will surely be held as advertised, in Buffalo, September 10, 11 and 13. FEEDING BACK To Secure Comb Honey — One of Mr. Demaree's Experiments. BX ADKIAN GBTAZ. IN connection witli the subject of wax secretion, as noted in tlie Switzer- land items this month, 1 beg to re- late here one of the experiments made by Mr. Demaree, of Kentucky, on feeding back. After the colony experimented on had fairly started work in the super, he took the super off and put in place one filled with sections and full sheets of foundation, and resumed feeding. He had to feed forty-one pounds of extracted honey to produce twenty-four pounds (net weight) of comb-honey. A second super was then placed and it took thirty pounds of feed to fill the twenty-four sections. The third super gave exactly the same result. Taking the two last supers as a basis, there was a loss of honey of six pounds out of thirty. Those six pounds were employed by the bees (1) to sustain their life; (3) to raise brood. and (3) to produce the wax necessary to build the sections of comb. As it was after the main flow of honey and before the fall flow, very little honey could have come from the fleld, the less so because fed bees do not gather as actively as others. But even supposing that enough came from the field to sus- tain the life of the bees and to feed the brood (which is not likely to have been the case) we would tlien have a maximum consumption of only six pounds of honey to complete the combs of twenty-four pounds of section-honey. There were in each super thirty sec- tions of twelve ounces of honey each. Assuming the weight of wax of each sec- tion to be one ounce, six pounds of honey produced thirty ounces of wax or 3 1-5 pounds of honey to one pound of wax. This is probably too high, for it is not probable that there was enough honey brought in from the field for brood-rearing and life- sustaining pur- poses. It must be remembered here that a colony bountifully fed will raise a considerable amount of brood and slack or even quit entirely gathering from tlie field. Knoxville, Tenn. So do the winds and thunder cleanse the air. So working bees settle and purge the wine; So lopped and pruned trees do llourish fair; So doth the lire the drossy gold refine. — Spencers Fairy Queen. REMOVING HONEY FROM THE HIVES. KY L. E. KEltK. I SUPPOSE every one has his own way of doing this work. Locality also has a great deal to do with it. In localities when; the flow is of short dura- tion, and the product is shipped, not much fitting -and crating is done till Sep- tember or October. Here, however, our flow is best in November. And also I find a ready market for all of my product right at home. I never use a bee-escape in removing honey; they do their work all right, but 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 153 for some reason, I know not what, I have a distaste for them. I use them after the honey is off the hives, but not before. One ought to have a good smoker, well fired up, before undertaking to remove honey from the hives. Among the almost endless variety of smokers I take nothing but a brass Bingham, and the larger the better. No one could run fast enough to give me one of those fifty- cent affairs. Before removing any honey, number every hive (unless it has been previously done) and the supers to correspond, so that a complete memorandum may be taken as each super is emptied and inspected. This is to ascertain the quality of workmanship displayed by each colony, which is quite necessary in order that the best colonies may be se- lected for breeders. Pry up the super cover and blow in a few whiffs of smoke. Cover it again with a wet blanket, which should be considerably larger than the top of the hive. Lift up one side of the blanket, and after blowing a good lot of smoke under it, begin flopping it up and down, thus driving the smoke into every pas- sage. After doing this several limes the bees will be found to have beaten a hasty retreat. Now pry the super loose and remove it from the hive, giving it several vigorous shakes, thus shaking out any bees that may be remaining. Generally the super will be pretty well cleared of bees by now. It is best, however, to stack them up in a corner of the apiary as high as you can reach, standing on the ground. There should be a bee- escape at the top and bottom. If left to stand thus for an hour or so, every last bee will leave. It is amazing to know that even now there are people who believe that bees can be handled best when it is cool. I have also known people to go so far as to handle them by night. I once knew an old gentleman to get up so early to remove some honey from a hive that he had every good reason to expect the bees to be not yet awake, and too sleepy, of course (?) to sting. One has to work quite fast in order to drive as many bees as possible out of the supers. When bees have to leave their honey they will always try to carry a full load with them; and they will not hesitate to tear off the beautiful white capping and spoil the appearance of the honey, if allowed to linger in the super. It has been quite dry here, but I think our crop will come up to the average. Hurricane, Ark. The losses and crosses Be lessons right severe, There's wit there, ye'll get there, Ye'll find nae other where. — Burns. "An honest confession is good for the soul," and the Hutchinson strain of three-band Italian bees for gentleness and business; and hence I offer untested queens from this superior stock at 75 cts. each, six for $4.00, or !87.50 per dozen,' and Goldens bred from select stock at the sime price. Money order office Warren- ton, N. C. W. H. PRIDGEN, 7-2t Creek, Warren Co., N. C. Bee-keepers are Careless. Albany, July 30. — Commissioner of Agriculture Wieting reports that up to July 20 the four agents inspecting bees under the charge of the Department of Agriculture have examined 416 apiaries, embracing 13,393 colonies. Of this num- ber 239 apiaries were found more or less infected with black or foul brood, and 1,834 colonies were condemned to de- struction, or to be treated with such rem- edies as have been found effective. Com- missioner Wieting makes the following statement concerning the work: "Were it not for the carelessness and negligence on the part of so many bee-keepers, the Department would feel that it could soon suppress the prevailing contagious diseases among bees in this State." 154 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER AtKJXISt The Bee-keeping World. JAMAICA. "Jamaica is the bij^gest little country I have ever seen !" was the exclaiiiatiun of a tourist after a trip about the island. This \i the general feeling and one that grows on one as the island is studied, and after five years' residence I can well echo the exclamation of my tourist friend. Jamaica is an Island one hundred miles South of the East end of Cuba, and belongs to Great Britain. It is 144 miles in length and forty miles across at the widest point. It is quite mountainous, the greatest elevation being 74(30 feet. This gives a great range of climate — from tropical at the coast, to temperate at elevations of five thousand feet and upwards, where vi^hite clover and dande- lions, wild roses and strawberries play hide-and-seek among the stately tree ferns and lovely orchids by the wayside. The ranlvest growth of white clover I ever saw was on the very top of the high- est peak in the island. For all that we are so far tSouth, the climate over the greater part of the island is delightful the year around, and never has the ex- tremes we used to experience in our thirteen years of life in Florida. The Northern and Eastern portions of tiie island are hilly almost down to the coast, but on the Soiilhern side are wide plains that extend for many miles. I give these details of topography and climate as they have a very direct bearing on wliat may be said further on, and for the same reason I will give a few more details of interest regarding our island home, for a good many people have a hazy notion that Jamaica is a heathenish and' uncivil- ized place; which is far from the truth. We have a railroad running the length of the island, and from North to South at the widest point. We have most ex- cellent macadamized roads throughout the island — over 3500 miles of main roads besides very fair parochial roads, so that one can get about on wheel or in buggy with great ease. The people are orderly and when properly managed are good laborers. The large majority of the people are black and colored, as the mix- ed races are called here, but there is a fair sprinkling of white people. We I'lnd many of the colored ]»eople very higlily educated and find sonu^ of our best friends in this class of the- people, for tliere is very little race prejudice here. The government is administered by officials sent out from England, but many of the minor offices are filled by colored or black men who have success- fully passed the civil service examina- tions. With this preamble I will come to things apicultural. In nothing is Jam- aica "the biggest little country'" more than in its yields of honey. I will iu)t specify as to largest yields, but I consider that it can be laid down as a safe propo- sition that there are large areas in Jamaica that are unequalled the world over for yield of first-class white honey. Now I don't want my readers to think this is an unexplored apicultural Klon- dike, for nearly all the valuable claims have already been staked out by private individuals and syndicates, and our re- sources are in a fair way to be fully worked. In future letters I will en- deavor to give some account of methods followed here, and of the varied flora from which our honey is derived. "Enterprise.'" CUBA. Doctor (i. Garcia Viete. the great Cuban bee-keeper who has become dis- tinguished not only by his apiarian achievements, but by reason of the many responsibki positions held in medi- cal, political and military circles, has recently been elected mayor of the pic- turesque city of Cienfuegos; thus adding another score to the long list of honors. The extensive bee business which Doctor Viete has developed on the South coast has been re-organizinl and is to be known in the future as (I. G. Viete ».<' Co. AUSTRALIA. The Bcc Bulletin says "Pure capping.", gives the y(;llow(^st wax."' It's not so in America. An effort is being made to secure legis- lation favorable to Australian honey ex- ported to Great Britain: i. e., an adjust- ment of duties favoring honey from British coloni(is, as against that from California, South America, etc. 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 155 "Gray Box" is a tree which yields honey in some parts of Australia; and it has recently been found that this honey is responsible for many winter losses heretofore unaccounted for. The Bee Bulletin learns from an ex- change, QuirindiOtizette, that honey will turn to wax if left untouched for a long time. This is timelj' information, and the Australians, who have such a hard time in disposintr of their big honey crops, might find in it the solution of the market problem. Wax is always ready sale. The use of galvanized tanks and ex- tractors is condemned by several contri- buters to Australasian Bee-Kcepcr. This metal is thought to be injurious to the honey which comes in contact with it. It is said that the wax moth is so bad in Queensland as to have nearly exter- minated the bees. The first bees in the Island Continent were introduced in 1822 by Capt. VVallis, of the ship Isabella. They were of the black or German variety. The first Ital- ians introduced with success, according to the "Australian Bee Manuel," were those taken to Queensland by Mr. Full- wood, from Liverpool, in 1880. J Editor W. S. Pender, of the Austral- asian Bee-Keeper, says that there are days in his countrv when the air is so dry as to render it impossible to transfer larvs by the royal jelly plan. Says it will dry hard in two minutes on such days; so that the process is attempted only when atmospheric conditions are favorable. The .same practical writer, in regard to introducing queens, lays great stress upon the importance of having the. queen in a very amiable con- dition before introducing her. He some- times finds it necessary to starve her until slie will beg for food, and " thus prepare her to accept of the bees." m Referring to a discussion between A. C. Miller and Editor Root some time ago, Mr. Pender says that he has had bees too busy gathering honey to start cells when made queenless. A writer in A^istral Culturist says he can produce foul brood to order at a few days' notice by any of the following methods: (1) Strengthening weak colo- nies by adding brood. (2) Artitlcially dividing, slovenly done. (3) Giving a new swarm a full frame of sealed brood. (4) Spreading brood and inserting combs or starters in the centre. "These," says he, "are the main causes, and should not be practiced." & The following from the Austral Cul- turist voices a truth to which the people of this country, as well as those of other lands, will surely awake at no very distant date: OuK Timber Resoukces.— That Forest con- servation ought to be one of the first questions dealt with by the Commonwealth, there can hardly be a doubt." Young trees should be protected, worked-out saw-milling areas should be re-planted, and there ousjht to be an act passed right away to prohibit the felling and burning of milling timber for settlement purposes. Millions of feet of valuable timber have been allowed to be burnt in the past. This is worse than waste — it is a national crime. The timber land of this colony is of much more value to the people than any such small farm set- tlements can be. la fact, it would have paid the colony far better if every small and large settler had been paid a pension by the colony to sit down and do nothing rather than allow such settlers to burn off and destroy the inheritance of the people. What shall we do when our timber is exhausted? Sawmills will eat up our forests, building material will go up lUO per cent. Timber is going to be of much more importance to the welfare of the people of this colony than many are aware of. The forests of Victoria equally with those of Australia, are beginning to show the effects of man and fire. In the bush country the cry is heard the loudest, because it is only those who earn their living felling timber who know how really difficult it is to get good sawing timber. American forests are being exhausted at a very rapid rate; whole States have been deforested during the life of many now living. The question of timber, cheap and plentiful, will settle the future of people as of States, and the first thing that people should consider is how best to conserve our remaining forests. And above all, what do bee-keepers say to this? What are they going to do? Consideration of good timber is their all in all, for nothing can take its place. Honey is one of those by-products of a large forest area which re-acts and helps in fertil- ization of its blossoms and ensuring a succession of valuable timber. Remember, the only way you can keep up the supply of timber is to plant a tree for every tree you cut down. Remember the fate of Northern Africa, of the one-time lovely vales of Palestine. FRANCE. From time to time medical treatments requiring the use of honey are given in the different bee papers. The Apicuiteur gives one (translated from the German) which undoubtedly caps the climax in that line. A gentleman, afflicted by a chronic diarrhoea, was cured (?) by hav- ing bees sting him on the abdomen. Next: SWITZERLAND. Several communications have appear- ed in the Revue Internationale concern- 156 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER August ing the quantity of honey necessary for production of a given quantity of wax, say one pound. Among the ligures quoted we find: Milnes, Edwards & Dumas, 30 ft)s; Byrlepsch, 10 to 12ft)s; Viallon and DeLayens, about 0 ftjs; Hamet, 3 to Sfts. Mr. L. Maupy, from a theoretical stand- point, thinivS 2h fts the lowest limit admissible. The chemical analysis shows that 100 pounds of wax contain, chemic- ally, 81}'^ tbs of carbon, UX fts of hy- drogen and 5 fts of oxygen. On the other hand the honey averages about— for 100 pounds— 30 fts of water, 33 ft)S of carbon, 6 ftis of hydrogen and 43 fts of oxygen. The water, though composed of hvdrogen and oxygen, is here separat- ed because it is mixed with the other constituents of the honey, and not chem- ically combined. It follows then that to furnish the 813.< pounds of carbon neces sary to 100 pounds of wax, a consump- tion of 350 pounds of honey will be re- quired, since 100 pounds of honey could furnish only 32 pounds or thereabout. If I am not mistaken, Viallon, De Layens and many others have experimented with bees confined; feeding first just enough to keep them alive, then as much as they would eat; weighing bees, feed and wax in all stages of tiie experiment. Their object was to find out how much of the food consumed was used merely to sus- tain the life of the bees, and how much was employed to the actual production of wax. The defect of such methods is that bees in confinement are noi in a normal condition and it is very doubtful if the conclusions thus deduced can apply to bees under normal conditions. Mr. Sylviac (Revue Iiiterudtiotinlc) has, dur- ing the last three years, experimented on bees under normal conditions and during the honey ttow. The descriptions of his experiments were given at the time,, but the communication I have be- fore ine gives only the final results ob- tained. When working, a colony of approximately ten thousand bees will eat daily for merely life sustaining purposes about nineteen ounces of nectar. It takes three pounds of nectar to produce one pound of wax. He says "nectar,'' and I suppose meant such as it is brought from the field. Nothing is said about the brood; I suppose the colonies experi- mented on were not allowed to raise any brood. More will follow in future issues. Q Mr. Jules (Revue Inteni'tUonalc) has made an improvement on the spur imbed- der used to fasten the foundation to the wired frames. It appears from his con- tribution that the European bee-keepers heat their imbedders in order to make the wax adhere better to the wire; but the spur, being small, loses its heat rap- idly and requires constant re-heating. Mr. Jules attaches the spur to an ordin- ary soldering iron. The iron keeps the heat a long time, comparatively. One instrument is heated while the bee- keeper uses the other. It seems to me that a spur, or roll, could be made large enough to keep the heat as long as a soldering iron. Adrian Getaz. OER3IANY. Germany's bee-keepers are anxious to have a special law enacted against adul- teration of honey. The government does not favor the idea because it is claimed that the adulteration can not be proven by chemical analysis. Schools teaching bee-keeping are not a new thing in Germany and have been held there as well as in Austria for many years. The instruction given includes the manufacture of hives, straw skeps, comb foundation, solar wax extractors, bee escapes etc. The terms are short, lasting but ten days; tuition or admission is free. m A new style of honey extractor is ad- vertised and described in Lclpzkjer Blencn ZcUuun about as follows: When using our improved extractor the work is simplified and made easy on account of having dispensed with the cumbersome metal can or wooden -tub. We need no uncapping can. The comb baskets are hinged at the bottom of the revolving iron frame and may be dropped down like the leaf to a writing desk, when the combs of honey can be laid upon the wire screen of the basket; in this posi- tion they are uncapped, then turned over. Now th^ comb baskets are raised to their proper position ready for ex- tracting. On account of the pleasing form and the elegant finish the extractor may be used as a flower stand when not in use otherwise. Price complete, 8(5 m. m Gundelach, Berlepseh and Donhoff have proven by their experiments that bees consume ten parts of honey to pro- duce one part wax. The Dees were kept confined. Collin declares, during a good honey flow wax costs but little honey. According to Apiculteur Sylviac found that under favorable conditions one part honey would produce an equal amount wax. Hamet thought that two or three 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 157 parts honey would on an average pro- duce one part wax when consumed by the bees. Q "Expert Commission of German Bee- keepers' Societies'' is the latest. The object of This new organization is to fight adulteration of honey. i A good point about introducing queens is made in tlie Plialz. Bztg. as follows: Manage to hav(> the queen liberated from the cage by the bees during the night. The bees, not expecting strange bees to enter their hive at night will not molest the introduced queen. A queen may be installed with perfect safety within thirty hours. 3» Several methods are given in Central BUM to easily secure swarming bees as they are issuing from their hive. A sort of bag made of a loose fabric is attached to the hive just as the bees begin pouring out. Of course, all bees have to stay in- side of the bag. If it has been attached before the queen left the hive she will be in safe keeping and what few bees may have left the hive before the bag or swarm catcher had been put in place will cluster on the outside of it; when the cluster has become quiet the hiving may be done by dumping the bees out in front of their new abode. Another method is by .the use of a mir- ror, as follows: Take a position that the rays of the sun strike the glass, turn tlie mirror in sucli a way tliat the reflect- ed rays strike into the midst of the swarming bees and move it back and forth a little. The writer claims that he has been able to induce all swarms to cluster low. many of them on the ground, making hiving a very easy task. A self- hiver is also spoken of as a means to secure the swarms with little labor. According to Fleischmann mLeipzujer Bienen-Zeitimg. the Italian bee is losing ground among the (Terman bee-keepers and he claims that Dzierzon is about the only one who champions the yellow race. In Belgium it is said the bee-keepers are of the same turn of mind; in France they are about equally divided. America alone stands solid for the Italian bee (Not quite true. F. G.). It is a well-known fact that large apiaries exist in Germany where frame hives are not used. Many of these apia- ries are a reliable source of income as the stamphhon'uj (mashed-down honey) produced and the surplus bees find a ready sale. Nearly all German bee periodicals contain a department for the korb-imjjer — one who keeps his bees in log-gums and straw skeps. On the average the German bee-keeper owns but a few stands of bees, conse- quently he is not so well-equipped as the majority of American bee-keepers. A great many are not in possession of a !^moker but make the cigar or pipe answer the purpose instead. A wad of rags set on fire is also used and is recom- mended in the papers. & Gloeden thinks bees may be safely wintered without pollen. He came to this conclusion from the following exper- iment: A forced swarm was hived in an empty hive late in the Fall. So late in- deed that no pollen was stored. Said bees were fed on sugar syrup abundant- ly, drew out the foundation into combs, capped over the syrup and fixed upas best tliey could for winter. A careful examination before winter showed that not a cell of pollen was present in the hive. The colony wintered well and came out as strong as any. It is not stated whether a pollen substitute was fed in the spring or not. F. Greiner. CHINA. According to a report in Central BUM the Chinese honey bees are exceptionally good-natured and even-tempered. In appearance they are distinct from our races inasmuch as head and abdomen are of a bluish cast. As timber is scarce lumber is not used for hives, but baskets take the place and are coated inside with clay. On account of lack of pasture lands and forests honey yields are said to be meagre and honey high priced. In some localities buckwheat is grown and furnishes some surplus. 'Tis in books the chief Of all perfections, to be plain and brief. —Butler. That offer which the publishers have made, to send The Bee-keeper six months to new subscribers, struck a re- sponsive chord. The offer still holds good. 158 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER August Buckwheat and Memories. The world seemed bright, for the day was fair. And the songs of birds were in the air. There came from the pasture a dreamy 'loo," And a 'caw" from , the woods where the black crow flew. The soft wind rustled the corn so tall. And the chipmunk frisked on the old stone wall; And, looking so fair in the bright sunlight. Was the buckwheat field with its bloom of white. Out in the field where the buckwheat was bloom- ing. A troop of glad children played, long years ago. Their hearts, as they played in the sunshine and flowers, Were light with the joys only childhood can know. And one— 'twas the fairest of all that gay party- Was decked like a queen in a crown white as snow. Over the field with its wealth of bloom That fills the air with a sweet perfume. Homeward bound with its burden, we see The heavily laden honey-bee. Its load of nectar the bee will bear To its hive, at the back of the garden, where Sweets of the rarest kind are made For the country home and the city trade. At home, in the city, a sick woman is lying. Sad trailed is her face, but her sighs are con- trolled. The husband brings home a square of dark sweet- ness. And her face brightens up as the wrappings unfold; And her thoughts go back years to that scene in the country, Her playmates, the crown and the joy-spots of old. — Verner R. Woosteh. Lysander, N.Y.: July 8, 1901. None but an author knows an author's cares, Or Fancy's fondness for the child she bears. — Cowper. Plain ville. Conn.; July i:i, lyOl. Editor American Bee-keeper: Mr. S. Chase, of Titusville, Pa., asks for information about the building of hives that will keep out robbers and thieves. It seems to me that the keeping out of robbers depends more on one's system of manage- ment than the kind of hive used. If one keeps weak and queenless colonies or those whose queens are diseased in early spring, or at other times when honey is scarce, he must expect to have many of them destroyed by robbers and his strong colonies injured. I find the best safeguards against robbing to be the keeping of nothing but strong' colonies during a scarcity of honey; the making of all increase during the honey-flow, and being very careful not to let the bees get a taste of honey at other times, by keeping the hives open too long, or otherwise. I don't know how to keep thieves away from our hives except by putting them in a house-apiary; but to use large hives and have strong colonies will causa the thief to pass over ours and go els3where. If the hives can have lo"se bottom-boards and be otherwise inclined to fall to pieces they will not often be tampered with. I use Quimby-Dadant hives and (Juimby-Hetherington standing frame hives. Both of these hives, when filled with bees, brood and honey are so heavy that no man can carry them far. I keep half or two-thirds of the bees in this locality, but my loss from thieves has been only one colony during the last five years and that is less than One-si.xth of those stolen in the neighborhood. Yours respectfully, D. B. NoilTox. Stroudsburg. Pa., July 15, 1901. Mr. H. E. HiLi>: I notice in the July Bee-keeper that a subscriber wishes to know how to prevent robbing. My grandfather used to prevent robbing by catching the robbers in a box, holding them a day or so, after which ha turned them loose, and they would never return. The bo.x had holes bored here and there into which were fitted % inch tubes even with the outside of the box and extending in- side five or six inches. The bees can get in but are puzzled to get out. The box should be .set on top of the hive; and if the colony is small the en- trance should be contracted. Yours respectfully, W. D. Walton. We are still anxious to receive i^ood articles for publication from our readers. Send them along. We have never yet had too much good material. Walker. Mo.; July B, ISIOl. Americas Bbe-keepek: In May number Mr. Ilaight tells us how to make a scraper out of the head of an old scythe. From his description it seems to me 'twould be kind of an awkward tool. i!)Ot THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 159 Now let me tell the brethren about my scraper: Take an old, flat file to your blacksmith; cut off the shank for handle; draw out the end as thin and wide as you can — say two inches. Make per- fectly straight on edge, then make a square turn of about IVi inches, to stand in the shape o£ a hoe. Sharpen the other end to use for prying up crates and for other purposes. Temper and file sharp, and you ha^^e the best bee-tool on earth. You can pry up, scrape tops, sides, corners or anywhere else, and also have a tool that can be used for many other purposes. I have three so that lean find one most any time or place. If you are on good terms with your blacksmith, they will cost you about ten cents. Yours, Geo. H. Mobley, Hurricane, Ark.; June 20, 1901. Dear Editor American" Bee-keeper: I fail to see the connection when you speak of any theory of mine in the June number as regards the superior finish of honey during a slow flow. It is nature's handiwork and no theory of mine that causes a slow flow here. Still I have seen honey from all over the world and never remember seeing any that could beat what I have been removing to-day. I can hardly assume to say, however, that any theory on my part made the honey whiter. Fact is I have never thought much about it; but since you have spoken of it, I have about made up my mind that the diflerence is all in the locality. Indeed, bees work much different here than anywhere else I have ever kept them. Fraternally, L. E. Kerk. 'Tis pleasant, sure, to see one's name in print, A book's a book, altho' there's nothing in't. — Byron. PtTBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE W. T. FALCONEK MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Editor. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies 85 cts.; 3 copies, fil.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, 9 words; $2.00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per cent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. ICF~Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The American Beb-keeper, Falconer, N.Y'. ZW Articles for jmblication. or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. iW Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription e-xpires with this number. vv'e hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. KF" A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. Dr. G. G. Miller, the world-re- nowned authority on apiculture, of Merango, III., was seventy years of age on June 10, 1901. The Ameri- can Bee Jour mil paid the venerable gentleman a pretty tribute on the occasion of his anniversary. The Golorado Honey Producers" Association, a co-operative institu- tion incorporated under the laws of the State whose name it bears, and having an authorized capital of $10,000, is having a most satisfac- tory effect upon the development of honey-pro lucing interests. The Association's work foi'ms the chief topic in the June number of the Rocky Mountain Bee Journal^ and it is exhaustively discussed. "Special Bulletin No. 14," issued in June, 1901, by the Michigan Experiment Station, deals in a most practical way with the subject of foul -brood. The language is such that any novice will readily under- stand the whole subject, which treats of the origin and cure of this deadly malady. The authors have drawn liberally upon such recog- 160 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Au(just nized authorities as Wtn. McEvoy, N. E. Prance and Prof. F. C. Harri- son in the compilation of this excel- lent treatise. It is by Messrs. CD. Smith and J. M Rankin, the latter gentleman being the State Inspec- tor of Apiaries, to whom we are indebted for a copy. Michigan's recently enacted law in regard to foul- brood is also given. A copy will be sent free upon request. To those whose selection of breed- ing stock is governed by the honey returns of the colony, Mr. W. W. McNeal offers an important sug- gestion in this number. It is a well-known fact that robbing is a marked characteristic in certain strains of bees. We have found it to prevail more especially in the golden Italians; though the same disposition is frequently observed in other varieties of bees. Is it not quite probable, then, that in cases where a certain colony is reported to have been storing surplus at a time when feeding was necessary to prevent starvation in the cases of other colonies, that the exceptional record might find its solution in a robbing propensity rather than in long tongues? As a matter of cau- tion, we would suggest that in such a case the "surplus" be compared with a sample of the goods being fed. It is not improbable that a striking similarity would be shown. Not many bee-lreepers would care to pay fancy prices for stock which habitually secured its surplus from the hives being fed. From the viewpoint of the South- ern bee-keejjer, one of the most interesting articles that has ap- peared in months is contributed to a recent number of Gleanings by W. W. Somerford, of Cuba. Like all others, we believe, who have kept bees in the South for a long time. Mr. Somerford has found that there is but one kind of hive cover that meets the requirements, and that is the cleated flat lid. His regard for the flimsy, ventilated contri- vances which are found to-day upon the market, and which may be satis- factory for Northern countries, is akin to that of Mr. Kerr, for the Clark cold-blast smoker, as express- ed in this number. He has solved the bottom- board problem by hav- ing them made at a brick-yard — one solid flat-pressed brick, 16 x 21 inches. Thus his mind is relieved from further anxiety in regard to bottom-boards. These are set flat on the ground, and the hive has a foundation for life, which will neither warp nor decay. Mr. Somerford further shows his practical experi- ence in handling bees by calling at- tention to the error so commonly practiced, of putting the end-spac- ing staples at the top instead of at the bottom of brood-frames. He says: "Just try them, and you will wonder why any one ever put them at the top corners of frames." We have advocated this placing of the staples in the ends of the bot- tom-bar for sixteen years; but evi- dently, its advanlages have not been appreciated. The chief object of the end-staples is entirely defeat- ed by placing it at the upper part of the frame. The ordinary window-blind staples, to be had of almost any hardware dealer, are just the thing for this purpose; and any one can easily procure and drive them in theendsof the frames, leaving them extended from the wood about 7-16ths of an inch. Cut a saw-kerf in a 7-16ths strip of wood; after starting the staple, slip the strip over the staple, allow- ing it to come up through the saw-kerf, and tap it down even with the wood. In this way all staples are quickly driven, and uni- 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 161 formly. You can then handle and shake bees without killing them or endangering the life of the queen. $200 QUEENS ARE NO MORE. The following is from Gleanings for July 1 . " In the American Bee-keeper, which has reached me on the fly, I see that Editor Hill has replied to the editorial on page 476 of Glean- ings regarding the matter of high values on queens. While I ditfer on many of his points, there is one on which I feel constrained to acqui- esce, viz., that if one owner of some really valuable queen places a high value on her, other breeders, per- haps less scrupulous, may jDut equal or higher values on breeders comparatively mediocre or even poor. As the matter is liable to abuse, we have decided to place no values on breeders which we pro- pose to keep and will not sell. But queens from such choice stock, best we have, we may hold all the way from $10 to $25." It is a matter of no surprise or displeasure to us to note that Editor Root holds ideas different from our own in regard to many points noted on page 119 of The Bee-keeper for June. It is every man's right to freely exercise his own reasoning faculties; and, surely, no man is responsible for the extent of the weight which certain evidence may have in convincing him upon any matter, nor for the effect which cer- tain arguments may have in dis- placing his pre-established convic- tions. It is gratifying, however, to note that, as a result of our efforts to point out the injustice of the practice of advertising such fabulous valuation in queens, the practice is to be discontinued by the originators. This is not the first instance in which Mr. Root has proven himself willing and ready to acknowledge an error when it has been pointed out to him. It is only through such acts of candor that unquestionable honesty of pur- pose is revealed and established. With an indirect reference to an instance quite different to the one in question, the Bee Keepers' Review recently published this paragraph: "Own up like a man, if you are beaten in an argument. It's the manly thing to do, and raises you in the esteem of honorable men. When an opponent does this, the victor feels like grasping him by the hand — there comes over him a feeling that 'here is a man who would rather be right than victori- ous.' " That paragraph would have been a credit to any of the old philoso- phers; and it is pleasant to note that the spirit of its teachings is appreciated by some, at least, of those who engage in public discus- sion of questions relating to our pursuit. THERE are no QUEEN-BREEDERS. Speaking of in-breeding, Arthur C. Miller in American Bee Journal says: "It is the chief reliance of the skilled breeder for intensifying de- sirable tendencies." This, however, is but one paragraph out of many pages recently published in apicul- tural Journals which go to show that the world's queen-breeders are, generally, a lot of ignoramuses. In fact, the question has been point- edly asked, "Are there any queen- breeders?" and, by inference, the response, from the labarynthian realm of science and letters, comes quite audibly, "Not that we know of." The Bee Keepers' Reviexo has the nerve to tackle the subject; and, to the end that it shall be radically discussed, has gone out among breeders of other blooded stock for U2 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER August information. Mr. F. B. Simpson, a noted breeder of cattle and horses, of Cuba, N. Y., contributes a long article upon the subject in the June number of the Review^ all of which is very interesting to the scientific student; but, we believe, very little of it appeals to the ordinary keeper of bees. Mr. Simpson, in substance, says the breeding of other stock is quite dissimilar to the breeding of bee.s, and endeavors to explain that the frequent references to how and what has been accomplished in his line are not parallel to bee-breeding, and therefore insignificant. Mr. Simpson thinks a college education a pre-requisite to successful queen- breeding. He further says that he does not believe we will ever get any really conclusive knowledge in regard to the effects of in-breeding, as applied to bees, except by actually breeding the bees; the more so from the fact that we have nothing in the nature of domesticated animals which forms any real parallel to the bee. Apparently founding his ideas upon Darwin, in addition to his own observation", Mr. Simpson takes occasion to caution queen - breeders ao;ainst the in-breeding of stock for sale; but only as a matter of experiment until the results have been determined. He emphasizes the point that in-breeding is resort- ed to as a means of intensifying de- sirable qualities only in cases where unrelated stock of desirable char- acteristics is unavailable. We have not the space, even if it were a subject of general interest to our subscribers, to follow the discussion closely; but from that which has already appeared, we are hopeful that much good may result along these lines. It is quite evident that "all hands" are very ignorant on the subject in so far as it relates to bees; and we will hazard the prediction that the highest standard of excellence is to be secured through careful selection, rather than through intensification by in-and-in breeding. The time for the subscription contest expired July 1st and re- sulted as follows, and the prizes await the orders of the winners: First priz'^ — $20.00 worth of sup- plies— to W. H. Pridgen^ Creek, N. C, whose name was on the largest number of cards received. Second prize — $10.00 worth of supplies — to Porter A. M. Feathers, Oak Hill, Fla. Third prize— $5.00 worth of supplies — W. J. Forehand, Fort Deposit, Ala. It is a noticeable fact that the three prizes were won by Southern bee-keepers. WHITE CLOVER AND SAAV PALMETTO. In the July Bee-keeper we noted the fact that the saw palmetto is to the Florida bee-keeper what white clover is to the Northern producer of honey. Commenting thereon, the Americatt Bee Journal, a publica- tion, by the way, which hails from a white clover section of the country, says: "Saw palmetto is an important honey-plant. That same remark about white clover would perhaps elicit a smile of pity, for every one is supposed to know white clover honey. " The smile of pity, dear Journal, would be elicited only from those whose conception (if the magnitude of our country and the diversity and extent of its flora was limited to the comparatively small area in which it grows so luxuriantly. There is little doubt that if the Jour- nal's home were situated in the un- reclaimed lands of the Pacific slope, the whole woi'ld would be supposed to know all abou-j sage honey. If it were in the Salt River valley or in certain irrigated districts of Colo- 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 163 rado, perhaps, the man that did not evince a thorough acquaintance with alfalfa honey would be branded as very green. White clover honey is deservedly popular, iadeed; but it is not the "whole thing," by a lot. Vei'y, very many children who have had "mamma" spread saw palmetto honey on their bread, have long since gone down to the grave m locks of gray, without having seen or heard tell of white clover honey. Thousands upon thousands of citi- zens of the United States to-day, whose hair is white, or who have no hair at all, have never seen white clover honey nor the plant itself. While saw palmetto is a source of nectar supply equally as reliable as white clover, we believe it has to its credit larger yields than have been accorded to this latter most excellent producer. As to the uni- versal knowledge of its readers, it is possible that our esteemed con- temporary is over-exacting. Honey and Beeswax Market. WASHINGTON GRADING RULES. Fancy. — All sections to be well filled, combs straight, of even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed ex- cept the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be "Fancy white," "No. 1, dark," etc. Below we give the latest and most authentic re- port of the Honey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: Chicago. July 18, 1901. — Choice white comb honey is arriving rather more freely, and brings fifteen cents. There is no accumulation at this writing, as receipts sell within a week after arriving some of them on the same day. Amber grades bring about twelve cents. Extracted dull and slow of sale at anything over five to five and one-half cents. Beeswax steady at thirty cents, with good demand. R. A. Btunett & Vo. Kansas Citv, Mo.; July 20.— Honey is in f;iir demand at present with light supply. Comb sells at 15c ; extracted t>(W Over 100 LieaAing ITIa.g'aziiics and Newspapers for 25 Cents. Send us 25 cents and we will send you by mail *'Tlie Union AKcnt" for 6 months and over 100 leading magazines direct from the publishers. Think of it— for 26 cents you receive $10.00 worth of literature. It will fur- nish you reading matter for months. You receive such magazines as the Youths' Com- panion, Century, Revkw of Reviews, Woman's Home Companion, Farm and Fireside, Etc. Send today! This offer is for this month. When ordering state whether yoti prefer story papers, relig- ious papers, farmers' papers, labor or any special kind. Do you subscribe for any paper or wish to? Send us the subscription price less 10 per cent, discount from the publishers' price on all papers and magazines. Agents wanted. The Union Agent, Covington, Ky. ALL LOWERS OT NATURE ""''*'"" ^'''''"in^rX.v.s,,. BIOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, BOTAISY, MINERALOGY, ASTRONOMY, ENTOM- OLOGY, PHOTOGRAPHY, CHEMISTRY, HYGIENE, HEALTH, etc., should not fail t,. secure, as a regular visitor to their home. Popular Science News, Instructive. Of ffreat value to teachers, and persons engaged in educational work. Interesting-. To further introduce this magazine, and to induce many to subscribe who are not now readers of POPULAR St'lKNCE NEWS, the publishers have secured special terms whereby they are enabled to make the following Qp^Q I /:\[_^ COMBINATION Q FFE R *'''■ *^® '^"™™*^'' °'°°*''*- POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS [new] six months $0 SO Review OF Reviews [new] " " 125 SrccESS [new or renewal] " " 0 50 Tbe American Bee-keepek [new]. " " 0 25 AU Four for $1.68. All Four for $2.85. or POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS [new] one year. U tJO Review OF Reviews [new] '■ " 2 50 S0CCESS [new or renewal] " " 100 The Ameuican Bee-keeper [new] " " 0 50 $5 «0 Subscriptions may be sent to one or different addresses. Subscriptions to the Review of Reviews-, Popular Science News aud The American Bee-keeper must be new, but subscriptions to Success may be either new or renewal. Whenever possible remittances should be made by check or money order payable to Popular Science News. If money is sent the coin should be gummed to a piece of cardboard before placing in envelope, to insure safety. Foreign postage extra. Address all communications to tf POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS, I08 Fulton St., New York City. Bee-keepers who also raise Poultry should not fail to read The PRACTICAL POULTRYMAN. It is thoroughly reliable, always interesting and practical, and each issue is worth a year's subscription. Sample copy for the asking. Advertising in it pays, because it reaches buyers. PRINTING FOR FANCIERS our specialty. Everybody suited with our work and pleased with our low prices. Sami)les and price list free. Address PRACTICAL POULTRYMAN, 8tf Whitney Point, N.Y. FLORIDA MAGAZINE. An Illustrated Monthly. One Dollar a Year. G. D. ACKERLY, Publisher, Jacksonville, Florida. ^^f Establish- ed 18 years. PAKE NURSEKY and Fruit Growers' Supply Depot. Send for valuable circulars at once. Many reasons why you should buy here. E. G. MENDENHALL, Proprietor, Kinmundy, Illinois. 0/2iv-|f>| iiQ ^^^^ names and OtJIIU UO addresses of 20 of your friends and receive a twelve months" trial subscription to THIS AND TEIAT. Address the publisher, T. FoRTSON Pruett, Sidney, N.Y. MAPS. A vest pocket Map of your State. New issue. These maps show all the Counties, in seven colors, all railroads, postoffices — and many towns not given in the postal guide — rivers, lakes and mountains, with index and population of counties, cities and towns. Census — it gives all official returns. We will send you postpaid any state map you wish for 20 cents (siwer) JOHN W. HANN, 8t{ Wauneta, Neb. BEE-KEEPERS. One of the largest undeveloped apicultural regions in America is to be found in Oklahoma and Indian Territories. The Oklahoma Farm Journal Oklahoma City, Okla., will tell you all about it. Subscrip- tion price $1 per year. N. B. Parties subscribing now will be receipted in full to Jan. 1, 1903. 8tf Patents. Pensions. Vsf. H. WILLS PATENT and PENSION AGENCIES. Wills Building, 312 Iiid. Ave., WASHINGTON:, D. C. If you wish to know anything about patents or pensions write to the above. They have been in the business continuously since 1882. The Patent Office has over a mil- lion ($1,000,000) dollars to its credit. The Bureau of Pensions disburses about one hundred and forty milli- ons ($140,000,000) dollars a year. 8tf An ad. will bring returns. How does this strike you? The SOUTH OMAHA Daily Times is the only general daily news- paper published in a city of 2601 inhabitants. Its various features make it a welcomed visitor to every home in South Omaha, and to hundreds of farmers and stock shippers in Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, Kansas, Colorado, and other cattle- and hog-raising states. Advertising rates very low. SOUTH OMAHA, NEB. 8tf THE WEEKLY SUN, Canada's Great Farm and Home Journal, Published at TORONTO, CAN. Special features, Farmers' market reports, Full and accurate reports of farmers' gatherings, Interviews with progressive farmers on timely topics; stories and selections for the home. No other paper offers so good a medium of com- munication with the best farmers of Canada. 8-tf AGENTS Wanted "wa'shTng^^ You can double your money every time you sell one and they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They are cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free. The Empire Washer Co. , Jamestown, N. Y. The Iowa Horticultural Paper. Monthly, 50 cents per year. It is unique, planned on original lines. You cannot be up-to-date in fruit growing unless you read it. Balance of this year free to new subscribers. THE FRUITMAN, Mt. Vernon, Iowa. High-grade Belgian Hares. We have a fine lot of high-grade pedigreed Belgians which we will sell at hed-rock prices if taken at once. s ir Britain, a worthy grand- son of Lord Britain in the stud. Write at once and say what you want and we will quote prices. . Sample copy of a Farm Paper Free. Eed King Belgian Hare Co., St. Joseph, Mo. This is only two lines, yet you notice it. Others would notice YOCKadvt. in The Am. Bee-keepek. Early Late Queens Our strain of Italians we believe to bo unexcelled. Our facilities are unsurpassed. Our location being farther South than that of any other breeder in the United States, we can ship queens any day in the year. No disease. Untested queens $1.00 each. Special prices quoted on special queens, and on quantities. We guarantee safe delivery of queens to all parts. Our mating grounds are situated 2^ miles from the mainland, on an island. SOUTHERN BEE COMPANY, Fort Pierce, Indian River, H. E. Hill, Mgr. Fla., U. S. A. 12tf Go South, The Soil, Climate, Markets and many other advantages invite you. For free copies of Monthly Journal, and for Maps, Plats, Facts. Figures and full information, write A. Jeffers, 351 Main Street, ,.,.,, Norfolk, Va. EGG EECOED and ACCOUNT BOOK • - ^—-j-i^^y. Everyone sending 35 cents S^IvdII djWdyi now for one year's sub- ^ " scription to the Canadian Poultry News, (a If! to 20 page journal devoted to poultry, pigeons and pet stock) will receive a copy of the new Canadian Poultrynian's Kgg Record and Account Book FREE. Just tlie tiling everybody should ''"^'^- Or send 45 cents and get the NEWS from June, 1901 to Jan. 1, 1903, and an Egg Record and Ac- count Book, Address at once, ROBT. R. CAMERON, Canadian Poultry News, tf Owen Sound, Ont., Can. A Perfect System. THE ROYAL TEMPLARS have placed their system of protection on a foundation so broad and deep that it shall stand long after all other systems have passed away and are forgotten, and will insure the widow and orphan the fulfillment of the provision made to se- cure them from the cold blasts of want by the loving forethought of the husband and father, who has been removed by the hand of death. What it Provides. All the social enjoyments of a Grand Fraternity. All the financial protecfion of a power- ful Life Insurance Corporation. Aid to the bereaved family in making prompt payment of every just claim, tf The Bee is tlie most Cleanly of Insects ; Bee-keepers '"'Xl^he most Cleanly of Men. We have been telling you about the Empire Folding Bath Tub for some time now, and every word is true as gospel. The Tub is such as is not sold in regular way of trade for less than JSS.fO; but we are not making them now and wish to dis- pose of the stock on hand; we need the space. The tub can be used anywhere in the house, fixed up witli plumbing or not. as convenient, and if you have a room you must use for other purposes be- sides batli room, it is the only thing. Send for particulars to The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. We sell the Tubs now for .*18. The Eecord. The Oldest and Leading Belgian Hare Journal of America and England. R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher, The only journal having an English Belgian Hare Department. One copy worth the yearly subscription. If interested, don't fail to send 2-cent stamp for sample copy at once. Address, R. J. FINLEY, 13-tf MACON , MO. Overstocked ''i'h Bee Hives! I am overstocked with hives. Will sell two thousand at Prices yon cannot dnplicate. St. Joe, Dovetailed. Wisconsin. Cham- pion, or Langstroth Simplicity. Ask for prices and say how many you want. Can ship at once. Can Save you Money. No difference where you live. Other goods as cheap as anybody. SUPPLY BUSINESS for sale eheap. Address Emerson T. Abbott, tf ST. JOSEPH, MO. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. $1.00 a year. Address, CONNECTICUT FARMER, Hartford, Conn. tf When writing to advertisers say: " I saw your adv't in The American Bee-keeper." ^ Australian Culturist and Poultry Gazette. Also THE APIARIST. ^:;:;y'S,tHes. (Established 10 years). 20 pages montlaly. Subscription Ss. (id. per annum. This journal circulates in all the Austral- asian Colonies, including New Zealand and Tasmania. A good medium to American firms desiring an Australian trade. Head office for Australian Colonies, 162 Queen Street, Melbourne, Australia. Good Advertisers, Those who are careful where they place their advertising money, use Barnum's Midland Farmer, which reaches over 30,000 prosper- ous, wide-awake, buying farmers every issue. Regular rate 14c. per agate line, but send us a trial order at 10c. per line ($1.-10 per inch per time), and we will place it where it will do the most good. Two or more new subscriptions (sent together), 20c. per year. Sixteen pages, four columns to page. Departments covering every branch of farming and stock-raising. The little jour- nal that is "read and re-read by its readers." Barnum's Midland Farm- er, No 22 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 8tf CUT THIS OUT I ® and send it to us with ten cents (silver) in- O ^ closed, and receive in return a six months' M A trial subsciption to g i People's Companion Magazine. | ® It's the one you hear so much about. Ad. Q X rates, 5 cts. per line; 50 cts. per inch. Give 9 M us a trial ad. and feel what a puller it is. g ® Sample copy for two cent stamp. 6 2 People's Companion Pub. Co., I ® MILW.XUKEE, WIS. 6 ^ K<1. De Longe, Ed. and Pub. stfH I The only strictly agricultural paper published in ihis State. The only agricultural paper published every week. It goes to every post office in State of Tennessee and to many offices in Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It is the official organ of the Agricul- tural Department of Tennessee and Live Stock Commission. Subscrip- tion $1 per year in advance. Tennessee Farmer Pub. Co., 8tf Nashville, Tenn. Poultry and Belgian Hare Standard. Leader on [Poultry and Hares; giving the greatest amount of practical instruction each issue — just what every breeder must have to succeed. A text book of 175 pages is given with each yearly subscrip- tion which includes five cents for postage. State whether poultry or hare book is wanted and send fifty-five cents to STANDARD, 512 Hall Building, gtf Kansas City, Mo. Send for our Free Catalogue of many useful articles. Enclose stamp for mailing. MILWAUKEE NOVELTY CO., sti Milwaukee, Wis. Red Clover Queens. We have been telling you through our advertisements of the Supe- rior Stock of Queens we are furnishiag this year, and we have abundant testimony from others corroborating our opinion. Look at the following, which is only one of the numerous endorsements received: "The bees (a colony on the Exposition Grounds, with Root's Tested Clover Queen) are working as I never saw tliem worlv before, and already there is over one hundred pounds of honey in the liive, and all from clover. I am led to believe that long tongues and good working quali- ties go together. Yours very truly, Orel L. Hershiser, Supt. N.Y. State Apiarian Exhibit, Agricultural Bldg., July 5, 1901. Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, N.Y. m^^Notice the date of his letter. Our Prices are as follows: Gleanings in Bee Culture o^^e year and one untested red clover queen, $2. 00 Gleanings in Bee Culture one year with tested red clover queen, 4. 00 Gleanings in Bee Culture one year with select tested red clover queen, 6. GO If you want something good, you cannot do better than order one of these queens. All orders are filled promptly. No extra jaostage on these offers to foreign countries. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio, U. S. A. Queens I QUIRm, the Queen Breeder, has now on hand, ready to mail, five hundred young. Long-tongued Red Clover Queens, Golden or Leather colored. We have one of Root's best breeders from his $200 long-tongued, red clover queen, and a Golden breeder, which we are told is worth $100, if there is a queen in the United States worth that sum. J. L. Gandy, of Humholdt, Neb., tells us that the colony having one of our queens, stored over four hundred pounds (mostly comb) honey in a single season. A. I. Root's folks say that our queens are extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal tells us that he has good reports from our stock from time to time. We have years of experience in mailing and rearing queens. Queens positively by return mail from now on. Price for balance of season as follows: G 12 Selected - - - - * 75 $4 00 «17 00 Tested - - - - 1 00 5 00 9 00 Selected Tested - - 1 50 8 00 Extra selected tested, the best that money can buy. *:i.00 each. H. C. QUIRIN, Parkertown, Ohio. (Parkertown is now a Money Order Office.) NEVER NEGLECT A COLD OR COUGH NeglecL a Cold or Cou(i,'h and If La Grippe don't set you, Consumption wUl. CUSHMAN'S INHALER cures colds and all diseases of the breath- way passages. Vou losedollars In doc- tor bills In not keeping CUSKMAN'8 lNH.4i:,KR handy to drive off a coltl or couKh or sore throat at Its very flrst approach. If you cnn't i:ei it nt Drn^fflsts send fop It mnll, 50 cents. Send for Ronk on Menthol, f^l'SHJUX ItKUGCO., VINCENKKS, IKD., U. tf By free. S. A. BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. This cut represents our Combined Machine, which is the best machine made for use in the construction of Hives, Sections, Boxes, etc. Sent on trial. Send for Cata- logue and Price List. W. F. tt JoHX Barnes Co., 91.3 Kuby St., Kockford. Typewriters ♦^ and Cameras. ♦ If any reader of The Bee-keeper is contem- lilating the purchase of a photographic outfit or a writing machine, I should be pleased to have him correspond with me before placing an order for either. I am in a position to offer new instruments of the highest grade, direct from the manufac- turers, at the lowest possible prices. Respectfully, 3-tf. H. E. Hill, Ft. Pierce, Fla. CD EH Perfected Von Culin Incubator is known pretty well all over the country and has never failed to prove satisfactory when handled by a person of intelligence and with ordinary attention. We guar- antee them to be satisfactory or you needn't pay for them. What's more fair than this offer, and doesn't it show that we mean what we say as to its merits? Send for catalogue. The W. T. FALCONER MFC. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. The GOLDEN EGG. Only Poultry and Belgian Hare Journal in the World's Fair City of 1903. Fifty cents the year. It gives us pleasure to send sample copies. Agents receive salary and com- mission. The GOLDEN EGG PUB, CO. 815 Chestnut St., Saint Louis, Mo. c. IS ALL IT TAKES TO TAY FOR FANCY FOWLS. The phenominaliy successful and most widely read poultry organ of the South. Established in 1897, it is a credit to its section, the great and growing South. It is out on time the tenth of each month, is prospez'ous and responsible. As a low-priced paper it is in a class by itself and is better than most 50c. papers. 36 to 60 pages. Largest circulation in its territory of any poultry paper and unequalled as an advertising medium to those want- ing to reach Southern readers. Address, enclosing 25c. in coin or stamps, FANCY FOWLS CO., 8-Ot Hopkinsville, Ky. tiiiiiimiii»!!>i!t!tnittiTni!!tm»mmtimro jThe Lamp of Steady Habitsj The lamp that doesn't flare up or smoke, or cause you to use bad language ; the lamp that looks good ■when you get it and stays good ; the lamp that you never willingly part with, once you have it ; that's Cbe new Rocbesier. Other lamps may be offered you as " just as good " — they may be, in some respects, but for all around goodness, there's only one. To make sure the lamp offered you is genuine, look for the name on it ; every Wew ^ocS^ester lamp has it. We make oil stoves too, just as good as the lamps; in fact, anything in oil or gas fixtures. = ^2"%!°"^^ The Rochester Lamp Co., \ 38 Park Place and 33 Barclay St., New York. -'Miiiiiiui!)iiui!iiiiiiiiiuiiiuii)iiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiuii)iuaiii»iiiiiii.iitiiiiiiuiiiiiiiii).iuiuiuu)iiiimhmiiiiiu Patent Wired Comb Foundation has no Sag in Brood Frames. Thin. Flat Bottom Foundation has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey. Being the cleanest is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made. The talk about wiring frames seems absurd. We fwnish a Wired Foun- dation that is BETTER, CHEAPER and not half the trouble to use that it is to wire brood frames. Circulars and samples free. J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Montgomery County, Spuoot Brook, N.Y. Please mention American Bee-keeper. WHENYOU DROPaDOLLAR it is a good plan to look where it strikes, that you may jiick it up again. When you invest a dollar for advertising space in Poujtry Pointers, at our special rate, it is just like dropping a dollar where you can pick up TWO. Write at once for siimple copy, special rates and full particulars to POUIaTKY t^OINTERS Office. 5tf .soil West Main Street, Ionia, Mich. The Nebraska Farm Journal A monthly journal devoted to acjricultural interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural pa- per in the west. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb. UNITED STATES BEE-SEEPERS' ASSQGlATiON. Secretary — Dr. A. 1), Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. General Manager and Treasurer -Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, la. Among industrial organs, a small paper that sticks closely to its subject is worth a cartload of the aimless nomads that claim to co 'er the whole field. Subscribe now tor The .\.m. Bee-kkepek. One Year 10c. to If you are not a subscriber The Poultry Industry, ^'^V^Z silver, and get this vigoroup up-to-date poultry journal one whole year. Every^ copy is worth the year's subscription price. 3tf The Poultry Industry, Box 218, Gouverneur, N.Y. 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE ■rade Marks Dec^igns Copyrights &c. Anvone sending a sketch and description may quickly ascertain our opinion fr^e whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents sent free. Oldest agencv for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir- culation of any scientific journal. Terms, f'S a year: four months, fl. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN &Co.36^Broadway, New York Branch Office, S25 F St.. Washington. D. C. Just a minute of your time! Send lis a list of the bee-keepers in your vicinity and we will send them' sample copies of The Bee-kkkper. This! will not take much of your time or much trouble to you and you will be| doin^ your friends a favor. Entered at the Postolfice, Falconer, N.Y., as second-class matter. PATENTS GUARAilTEED Our fee returned if we faU. Any one sending sketch and description of any invention will promptly receive our opinion free concerning the patent- ability of same. "How to obtain a patent" sent upon request. Patents secured through us advertised for sale at our expense. Patents taken out through us receive special notice^ without charge, in The Patent Record, an illustrated and widely circulated journal, consulted by Manufacturers and Investors. Send for sample copy FREE. Address, VICTOR J. EVANS & CO,, {Patent Attorneys,) ^ans Bundling, ^ WASHINGTON, D, C, INVESTIGATE BEFORE YOU BUY. We want our customers to be pertectly satisfied beforet he> spend their money , luvestigate the claims of all incubators and then decide. We believe you will fin.i that tlie SURE HATCH BjyCUBATORS AND COMMON SENSE FOLDING BROODERS are, giving better satisfaction than any other made. It's because they are eo simple, sensible and eure. They are built tor busy people, w ho haven*t time to fuss and bother. Our c^talogrue le FiiK£. We don't ask von to pay for It. Isn^ti t worth examiniDg? SURE HATCH INCUBATOR COMPANY, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA. Are you looking for a Home ? Do yon wish to make an investment? Have you any property which you wish to sell ? Nt) farmer should think of buying a home until he has secured a copy of the FARM AKD REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It has the largest list of farms advertised in it of any paper published in the State of Iowa. It reaches thirty thousand readers each issue. It is one of the best papers to advertise in that there is published in the State of Iowa. It has a circulation in nearly every State in the Union. Every man who handles real estate should be a subscriber to this Journal. He will find that it will put him in the way of making enough deals the first month to more than thirty times pay him for what the Journal would cost him for one year. Send 75 cents and we will mail you the Journal one year, or for ten cents in silver or stamps we will send you the Journal two months on trial. Advertising Rates only ten cents per line for one month. Address THE FARM AND REAL ESTATE JOURNAL, Traer, Tama County, \a. yfff!iin!ii!!!yiiif!i!nnif!n!!i!!i!i!!i!!ni!!i!iiiin!i!ii!i!!i!iiiimiiii!iin!i!iiniiirii!ii!nifiiiimm!irimimfiii!iiiiiiiinmiiifiinra (The Lamp of Steady Habits The lamp that doesn't flare up or smoke, or cause you to use bad language; the lamp that looks good ■when you get it and stays good; the lamp that you nev2r willingly part with, once you have it; that's £be new Rochester, Other lamps may be offered you as " just as good " — they may be, in some respects, but for all around goodness, there's only one. To make sure the lamp offered you is genuine, look for the name on it ; every New Rochester lamp has it. We make oil stoves too, just as good as the lamps ; in fact, anything in oil or gas fixtures. The Rochester Lamp Co., 38 Park Place and 33 Barclay St., New York. Siiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiuuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiuimaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiilllltc E 8-563/289 Vol. XI Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. SEPTEMBER, 1901 No. 9 CAYUGA COUNTY (N. Y.) BEE- KEEPERS' SOCIETY. BY N. L. STEVENS. THE Cayuga Coimty Bee-keepers' Society was organized at Auburn, N. Y., February 16, 1899, with a membership of thirteen. For several years prior to this time, the matter of organizing a local society had been dis- cussed by some of the more progressive bee-keepers of the County, but not until several from our County attended the meeting of the State Association at Gen- eva, in January, 1899, was the ball started rolling. Under the direction of W. F. Marks. President of the State Association, a call for a meeting of the bee-keepers of Cayuga County was issued and a permanent organization effected, as above noted. The present officers of the Society were elected at the first meeting and have been continued in office at the two succeeding annual elections. They are: N. L. Stevens, Pres., Venice, N.Y.; Ed- win Austin, 1st V. Pres., Moravia, N.Y. : J S. Seccomb, 2nd V. Pres., Auburn, N.Y.; A. B. Comstock, 3rd V. Pres., Sherwoods, N.Y.; J. W. Pierson, Sec, UniouSprings, N.Y.; T.Brigden, Treas. . Fleming, N.Y. Although we have lost two members by death, our Society has prospered, as we now have about thirty members on the roll. Through the aid of the State Bureau of Farmers' Institutes, in common with the other County bee-keepers' societies of the State, we have been furnished a competent speaker and have held a Bee- keepers' Institute in connection with the annual Winter meetings, which have proven very interesting and profitable. At its last annual meeting our Society voted to take advantage of the offer of the National Bee-keepers' Association, and joined that organization as a body, thus securing to our members the bene- fits of individual membership. Venice, N. Y. "The man who isn't doing something to benefit his fellowmen would better change liis business." GOOD MANAGEMENT MAKES GOOD LUCK, ETC. BY G. M. DOOLITTLE. OUT here in the country there has been music all Summer long, from early morn till night; music which has not been made by the frogs or birds. It has been the hum, hum, hum, of the busy, enterprising bees. The bee- keepers' wife, in the midst of her house- cleaning, sewing or getting dinner, has often paused to listen to the melodious strain, and intent on the rapidly filling section boxes, forgets to frown and scold as much as usual when things go wrong in these matters, often wondering, per- haps, whether her husband will have any '•luck'' with the bees this year, as she sees vision-! of new buggies, new furni- l(i4 165 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Septi nihcr ture, new carpets, new dresses etc., as they play "hide and seek" in her thoughts. Yes, luckl that is the mystic chaim we hear so much about in connection with bee-keepiug by those who have just en- tered into it, and often by the old fogy bee-keeper who has been in the business for years. Queer thought! There is not any more luck following the bee-keeping industry than there is in the grocery business or the carpenter's trade. It means simply what ability you have tor work in that line, how much energy you put into it, how much time you devote to it, how enthusiastic you are over it, how many of the little kinks you study into, and what knowledge along that line you have or can acquire, and how you apply that knowledge. At least, that is the way I look at it after being in the bee-keeping industry for nearly thirty- three years. Luck depends on system- atic, persevering care and attention. If yonr bees are left to care for themselves, with an occasional oversight when you have no other pressing work or the ham- mock ceases to be enjoyable to you, then 1 venture to say that you will have the usual "bad luck" we hear so much about. Again, give them the care they need. and that regularly and in the right time, the same as you would your pig, that pig which you expected to make outweigh your neighbor's which was born in the same litter, and my word for it, and the flowers secreting honey, you'll have luck that will make your neighbors open their eyes. You cannot expect to have it un- less you work for it, for hives open at the top during Winter and Spring, no thoughts or work about securing a mul- titude of bees in time for the blooming harvest, no ^preparation for surplus honey before it comes, and no inspiration in your heart which makes the tips of your lingers itch to be doing something all tlic while to make the bees prosper in your hands, all tend to make the time near at hand when your neighbors will say. "I told you that A. would never have any luck with bees." Undoubtedly this is where many a beginner has made his mistake: he relied too much on that magic word, luck. If you have entered into bee-keeping and find yourself too busy to properly attend to them, turn the bee business over to some member of the family who will give it the time, study and attention required for success in any line, and your luck will be assured. See the bees often, keep their hives warm, dry and comfortable during Winter and Spring, know just when the flowers bloom which give the surplus honey in your locality, work to secure the maximum amount of bees just in time for that bloom, put on the surplus arrangement at the very beginning of that bloom, and take off the surplus at the ending of the same, when the honey in the sections is snow white, so it will captivate every eye which is placed upon it, get it ofl' to market at the right time and in the most marketable shape, and then properly prepare the bees for Winter again, and i you'll have^no further cause to depend on the word "•luck." rXPAINTED HIVES. I am glad Arthur C. Miller saw tit tL» write again on this matter, and in suclk a kindly spirit as he did on pages 122-"3 of the Bee-keeper for .luly. The read- ers now have two of his articles on the subject of unpainted hives as against one of mine, and I am perfectly willing to leave the matter in their hands, allow- ing each to paint or not to paint as | "seeraeth good in their sight.'" Allow me to suggest, however, that truth can- not be obtained by trying to be a Miller or a Doolittle in any matter, but by try- ing to be "your own blessed self." In this unpainted hive matter, set apart a certain number of single walled hives, ] paint half of them and leave the other half unpainted. After using both in this way for a term of years yon will know of a truth which is best suited to yoit antl your locality. The proper way is to 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 166 test anything on which writers disagree. And after so testing it will do you no harm to have a disagreeing party tell you that you are "losing prestige, by try- ing to talk or write on subjects about which you are far from being well informed."' Borodino. N.Y. "A man is not defeated till there is no more fight in him." occasional sweeping of the floor to re- move all dead bees. I may say that I leave on the propolis quilt but remove the wooden cover, and also, that the temperature in my cellar remains for the whole Winter at about 4.5'' Fahr. This method of wintering bees in' our cold, froz.en North, I have found successful. Chard, Ont., Nov. 30, 1900. WINTERING BEES IN CANADA. I!Y W. J. BKOWN. ASSUMING that the Fall or Autumn work is complete, and that every colony has ample store (say from twenty-five to thirty fts of good honey) with a good queen, during the later part of October or the fore part of November, I see that my cellar (which is directly underneath my dwelling-house) is prop- erly ventilated, by opening all the win- dows and doors for at least twenty-four hours, to allow the escape of all foul odors; then the windows are closed and darkened. The cellar is 33 ft. by 35 ft.. 7 ft. deep, stone walls and earthen floor. There are set four benches, running lengthwise in the cellar, about fifteen inches high. A stove-pipe runs down to within one foot of the floor and connects with the chimney above; this is the ven- tilation for the winter. My bee-yard is situated close by the dwelling-house, with an entrance to the cellar from the outside. After everything was in readiness I commenced at nine o'clock A. M. on the 39th October last, and at three P. M. I had carried in and set on the benches in the cellar, one hundred and four hives of bees. This work was done by myself, alone, and my bees nicely stored away in six hours time for their long nap, there to remain until towards the middle of April next. This constitutes the Winters work with the bees here, except an occasional visit to see that no hives get clogged up at the entrance with dead bees, and an "He who works hard and uses all of a small opportunity will surpass the man who partly neglects a great one." ■STIMULATIVE FEEDING- POLLEN SUBSTITUTES ETC. BY ADRIAN GETAZ. IN a previous contribution I spoke of feeding milk to bees in the Spring for stimulative feeding {Revue In- ternationale). I forgot to say that the article had been translated from the German and was from Dr. Dzierzon himself . By the way, Dr. Dzierzon has reached his ninetieth year recently. His birthday was celebrated in Germany in a way showing the appreciation of the German bee-keepers. Mr. Daussy, instead of milk uses flour —mixes it with the honey fed early in the Spring. The proportions are not stated. While on the subject it might be well to make a few remarks: In the first place it seems evident to me that the supply of pollen kept over the Winter must soon give out in the Spring, when breeding begins in earnest, and that in many cases brood-rearing has been probably curtailed from lack of pollen or some substitute. Feeding flour may answer sometimes, but not always, from the fact that the weather is too often unfavorable, either too cold or too rainy for the bees to fly. Whether stimulative feeding is profit- able or not must depend chiefly on the climate. In Northern latitudes the Spring always opens at once and quite 167 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September I warm, as soon as the snow is melted. The colonies after a long Winter are weak and without any brood. There is only a short time to build up for the harvest. Under such conditions stimu- lative feeding and all other means that may increase brood-rearing should be used. Mr. Dooliitle objects to stimulative feeding but he attains the same end by spreading the brood regularly. Of the two ways I should prefer stimulative feeding, as it does not necessitate the opening of the hives and the consequent loss of heat. In the middle latitudes the latter part of the Winter, I might as well say the whole Winter, consists of a succession of warm spells of weather, alternating with cold waves. During the warm days more brood is started than the bees can cover in the cold days, and a consider- able loss of brood occurs every year. The trouble can be remedied to a great extent, but not entirely, by using chaff hives or otherwise well-protected hives. No need of .stimulative feeding there. Knoxvillc. Tenn. "I would rather fail and know the cause than succeed and not know why." FEEDING FOR WINTER— SOGAR PREFERABLE TO HONEY. BY I>. E. KEKlt. AFTER the honey harvest and be- fore cold weather sets in, the energetic bee-keeper will have e.xamined his colonies, giving them well- filled combs from hives that can spare them, or feeding those in need of stores on sugar syrup. Not long ago the time was when every Winter thousands of colonies were allowed to starve because of the want of a few cents" worth of feed. At present, however, there are not many but under- stand feeding sufficiently well to keep their colonies from starving. It is not a difficult matter to feed bees if done at the right time. The most im- portant parts are to put the feed near the bees and to feed as rapidly as pos- sible to avoid robbing. To prevent rob- bing it is necessary to feed inside the hive, and it is always best to work at night. An average colony at this time of year aught to remove enough syrup from a feeder in a single night to last an entire Winter. Feeding a pint or so at a time would cause the ruin of a strong colony at this season. The amount of food to be given must depend altogether upon the locality of the bee-keeper. Here ten pounds of a fair quality of cheap sugar is all that is required per colony. Further North, however, where the bees seldom get a flight, twenty or twenty-five pounds of the finest grade of sugar is necessary. If I am not mistaken, it is generally supposed that bees consume a greater amount of honey when active during Winter than when forced by cold to keep to their hives. I cannot account, then, for the fact that bees here, flying almost as much in Winter as in Summer, can pull through on from five to ten pounds of honey, while twice that amount is required in other places where the intense cold plays somewhere around zero all Winter. There is positively nothing our bees could find to work on during the Winter. Will some one who knows why explain the cause of this ? I have many times demonstrated to my entire satisfaction how much better sugar is for winter stores than anything: else, where bees are kept for profit. For ease, economy and safety in wintering I henceforth will winter my bees on sugar syrup in preference to the finest honey. Hurricane, Ark., July 18, 1901. "^If you e.vpeGt to make auythiag, e3q>ect to make mistakes." "It is a mistake to eat all you can, spend all you have, tell all you know, or show all you feel." "No man who is succeeding gets tired in doing a day's work." 1901 THE AMERICAN DEE-KEEPER 168 Dear Brother Hill: Dr. Johnson once said, " No man but a blockhead ever wrote except for money." Either the bee papers pay bet- ter than reported or else If this shuts off "copy"' or makes a heavy de- mand for cash just tell your brother editors not to blame me; lay it to Dr. Johnson. Why is it some of the boys write so much? It can't be for the big returns, and certainly there is ofttimes a grievous repetition. 'Tis also strange that some try to furnish not only the argument, but an understanding for the readers. Won't you have that A. Q. Cumber put on ice? They're better so — aud too he .seems hot over his "discov- ery." Where has he been all these years that he never made the "discovery" be- fore? And while you have him iu hand just call his attention to those wiio do read and sometimes write for the bee papers, who always seem to feel them- selves competent to pass on everything connected with bee-keeping all over th<' wide, wide world. Wouldn't it be a re- freshing relief if their light could be put under a bushel for awhile? I see that Chicago editor thinks I am a bit mixed over those swarms which "may be" in a natural condition far from any other. Just ask him if 'tis customary for Nature to make a mistake (?) of putting a swarm beyond reach of other bees ? Also ask him how Nature will tell that swarm that there are no other drones within reach? And too, I would like to know if there Isn't a great chance of the new swami, which is the next year to be planted near by, being from that first "may be" swarm? To paraphrase Pope: Nature and Nature's laws lay hid in night; God said, "Let Dadant bel" and all was light. The Sage of Borodino has my sym- pathy. Straws, roots, millers all hurt- ling about his poor head. It reminds me of the parrot who used to get the dog into innumerable fights by his oft- repeated " Sic him !" (Not the sic Bro. Taylor and others played with). At last the dog located the trouble and chewed that parrot. After the fracas was over the soliloqay of the much dilapidated Polly was: "I talk too blamed much!" I am not yet ready to say who is which. Guess you and I had better stand aside and watch the fun. Now you've done it ! I told you those foot notes would trip you up. Serves you right, too! That Mr.T. S. of Peelee Island is riglit on the pollen matter; so also was Mr. Gregory. It is just a case of view-point. Some flowers pollinate perfectly by wind, some don't, that's all. Next time think twice or go ask some- body. "Is that a dagger I see before me?" or is it only one of the Swarthy Moor's points? Naturally one would suppose a review was a look backward, and much 169 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Scplcmbi I- looking backward is the dotage of ad- vanced life. But don't presume on that definition and go to fooling with W. Z. H., for his "Review'' is of a diflfcrent breed of cats altogether. Years don't count with him — he's actually getting kittenish. Lives in a metropolis, too, where they have factories and electric lights, and water fountains and mac- adamized streets and sidewalks. Do you think he will speak to we uns when he comes? D'ye mind the directions he gives for introducing queens — to use, a pipeful of tobacco? Now does he mean enough for the bowl of one of those tiny French things, or for my cob pipe, or enough for a sociable German pipe — say a pound or so? What sort of a pipe does he smoke, anyhow? Now we know why those crooked sticks of the social fabric, the hoboes, so assiduously patronize the flowing bowl — or tomato can. Listen to the heresy of that Home Circler: '-We must let the hard, forbidding sticks of character soak — and soak — and soak.'" {A. B. J. July 25). That comes of living in a laud flow- ing with wine and honey. In Qlcdiiinys for July 15, a Texan and a Wisconsinite shout loudly for the prin- ciples so long fought for by the Dowag- iac veteran, but they not only give him no credit even at this late day, but try to accomplish the ends by using a poor substitute for his perfected appliances. One of them even goes so far as to get up a hyphenated name for his makeshift. Isn't it about time the Dowagiac veteran was given full credit for what he has done for us? Our brothers across the pond usually take particular pains to give credit to whom credit is due, while we often go to the other extreme and try to put forth as our own the results of another's labors. And there is wisdom iu the Englishman's policy, for there is many a good idea which, though not merchantable, does bring a modicum of glory to the origin- ator and.which,were it not for the policy which makes just credit sure, would perhaps never have seen light. Let us be just if for no higher motive than our own self-interest — perliaps the nobler will come later. "Envy will merit as its shade pnrsue, But like a shadow proves the substance true." as ever, John Haudscrabbi-e. Your.' "Any fool can give advice, and he is con- tinuallv at it." BEE-KEEPING AS A SIDE ISSUE, Or a Back-yard Industry— A Lesson for Beginners. NO. 2. BY P. G. HERMAN. IN the days of the old-fashioned bee- gums and box hives the bees had no choice but to build their combs on to the walls of the hive. There wis no way for the bee-keeper to examine the progress of affairs while the work of gathering and storing was in progress, and when the time came to rob the hives there was nothing else to do but kill the goose that had laid the golden egg, in other words, to exterminate the bees with brimstone, after which the honey had to be cut out in chunks, an operation that of course caused the hives to "bleed" and much honey to run to waste. As very much of this comb had been used by the bees in brood-rearing, it was dark and tough and unlit to eat, so the honey had to be separated from the combs by the old method of squeezing it through a thin cloth, hence the name of "strainea" honey, which name still clings to the liquid honey of to-day, but the strained honey is far inferior in color and quality to extracted honey produced in the modern way. With tht; movable frame hive all these difficulties are overcome. The bees build their combs in neat frames which can be taken out and ex- amined at will without injury to the bees or to the honey itself. When it is thoroughly ripe it is taken from the hive ready to be separated from the combs. Another very important invention is 1901 THE AMEBICAN BEE-KEEPER 170 the honey extractor, a device whereby the liquid honey can he extracted from the combs by turning them swiftly in a sort of cylinder, the honey being forced out by centrifngal force. This does not in any way injure the combs, which can be put back in the hive to be refilled. one day when a lady enquired of me very seriously if I went out into the fields and gathered flowers and brought them home to the bees and strewed them in front of the hives for the bees to feed upon. Such extravagant notions are <|ulte prevalent. Nothing could be move MH. HEtiMAN UNCAPPING and thus a great saving wrought of time, honey and money. Extracted honey can be kept indefinitely and need not be hurried off to market for fear of perish- ing: in cold wcath( r it will usually solidify. An idea that many people seem to have in regard to bee-keeping is that it is necessary to plant a certain kind of crop to feed the bees. I was much amused HONEY FOR THE EXTRACTOR. mistaken. The bee is a miller to whose mill everything that comes is grist. She gets her honey from trees and plants as well as flowers. She roams as sweet odors lead her, through two or three miles of the surrounding country, and she cares not if she transgresses proper- ty rights or filches her stores from your neighbors" flowers and trees. By the latter she is most always welcome, for 171 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September their hope of posterity depends somewhat on her, and your neighbor if he is at all intelligent and knows anything of the mutual understanding between bees and flowers, will also gladly welcome your busy, yellow, shining, humming horde of marauders. But one difficulty still remains, at least which seems a diflHculty to the beginner, and that is the marketing. This is easy, too, when you know how. The ABC of marketing is to work up a local trade. In the first place your bees themselves will advertise you and people will come to you for honey. But a surer and more business-like way is to take or send samples of your different grades of comb and extracted honey and get orders from the grocers of your own and neighboring towns. I have tried this method in the New Jersey towns and villages around me with such success that I sell more honey than I can produce. Still, all persons may not be able to adapt them- selves to do their own selling, or may not feel inclined to take up this branch of the business; from such the commission merchant is ever ready to receive con- signments of honey and can dispose of any amount without any trouble to the producer. In addition to selling of honey, queen-rearing is another pleasant and profitable branch of the business. Ordinary untested queens at certain seasons of the year will fetch a dollar apiece, while a blooded beauty who has been properly mated will bring some- times as much as three dollars. Englewood, N. J. "We look backward regretfing, or for- ward hoping, while the present s.tainls offering us flowers." Clothes Pins Come Handy. Talking about forming wire (jneen- cell protectors, a clothes pin makes a better former than a lead pencil over which to stretch the three inch wire squares that make the cells. All thy will not be flooded by any winter deluge. To conserve the food supply the "sound hive" may be a chaff or other protected hive, or the hives may be placed in the cellar; but indoors or out the other factors remain the same. Whether burlap, enameled cloth, or a tight board cover be put over the bee^ is a disputed question. After much exper- imenting I have settled on enameled cloth with sawdust or other non-con- ductor over it, and it gives me entire satisfaction. Other persons ans equally 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 172 sure that they want burlap, but unless it Is put on quite late in the Fall the bees make it almost like enameled cloth by the liberal application of propolis. I doubt if it makes much difference which is used provided the bees have time enough to get settled before cold weather. If prepared early enough a good colony, though with decidedly inferior stores, will get into such shape as to make good wintering reasonably certain. Without time to get settled before cold weather, a good colony with good and abundant stores will winter poorly. To emphasize this still more, I say that early prepara- tion is the most important factor outside of the bees and quantity of food. There is also another matter to be con- sidered at this time; it is the Spring care of the bees. A colony with a goodly proportion of young bees now will not '•Spring dwindle," and any colony that has not plenty of such bees should be united at once to some other colony. Such precautions taken this Fall will lessen several fold the attention needed in the Spring and will render more cer- tain the next season's harvest. Do not let the desire for a few more pounds of Fall honey cause you to delay the Winter preparations. In this latitude I have all supers and extra combs out and brood chambers closed down by September 25, not to be opened again until the follow- ing Spring. In considering what 1 have said please remember that I am writing for the lati- tude of Southern New England, but I know that much of the foregoing is equally applicable to other parts of the country. Providence, July 25, 1901. "It isn't making a mistake but repeating it, that merits censure."' should try to induce some party near him to engage in keeping them. It has been repeatedly demonstrated that where there are plenty of bees to pollenize the flowers, the fruit, whether it is edible or only the seed capsule, will be more abundant, more prolific, and much more perfect. It is true that bees may fly for several miles to find the nectar from some favorite plant, but not if they can find it nearer home, nor will they do so in bad weather. More than one instance is on record of orchards in full bloom at a season of rain or high winds, when none set a good crop of perfect fruit ex- cepting such as were within a quarter of a mile of the bee stand, and even in a large orchard they have failed to go to the farther end of it, surprising the owner by having his trees bear bounti- fully at one end of the orchard and yield little or nothing at the other end. The beans and peas are equally dependent upon the aid of the bees for perfect pol- leuization; and while there are other insects that may aid in distributing pollen, none equals the honey bees, and none other gives a return of luscious honey for a little care. — American Culti- vator. Absolute Need of Bees. Everyone growing fruit or any plant which is to yield seed should be interest- ed in bee-keeping, and either have a few colonies near his orclaards or fields, or The King Bird. Many bee-keepers feel it their duty to destroy any king bird seen about the apiary, as much as poultry - keepers would a hawk. But if the report of our Agricultural Department is correct, this is a mistake. They examined the stom- achs of 281 king birds shot in different parts of the country, and found bees in but fourteen of them. In these there were 50 bees, of which 40 were drones, four were workers and six could not be identified, being too badly broken. There was then only a possible ten worker bees to 281 birds. On the con- trary there were nineteen robber flies, which often do much damage among bees. There were beetles such as those whose larva? are the wireworm, tlie plant eating grubs and the various cutworms, the cutworms themselves, leaf hoppers and other insects injurious to fruit and grain, with some wild berries and grapes. — Florida Farmer and Fruit Grower. 173 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September The Bee-keeping World. Sr\'EDEN. Bee-keeping it) Sweden dutes back to tlie dark ages. Altlioiigli some parts of the land are enveloped in snow and ice for seven month'*, the bees there have become acclimated and endure the long winters fairly well. More bees were kept during the middle age than are now. The reason for this lies in the fact that at those times Sweden was isolated from the rest of the world the greater part of the year and was obliged to get along independently. The honey had to answer the place of sugar as tlie latter could not be imported at all times. In the thirteenth century honey was used as a means to pay taxes; one ton of honey equalled six tons of corn. The oldest practical bee book was published in l(>S(i by Eriei; a better work later — in 1738 — by Trievvald. In another bee book of 175H the desire is expressed to make the combs movable. In 1786 Linna?us published a work of value. He explains therein that the queen leaves the hive only for mating and when swarming. He advises to clip the queen's wings to prevent the escaping of swarms. He says he can scarcely understand how it is possible for a queeu to lay as many eggs in a day as he had observed. During the latter part of the nineteenth century less interest in bee- keeping was manifested among the people of Sweden and fewer bees are kept now than were before. GREECE. The honey and wax produced in Greece annually is valued at about two hundred thousand dollars and the supply is not equal to the demand by a long way, consequently prices range high. Ordinary honey brings 25 cts. per pound quick. Fancy honeys, such as is pro- duced on Mount Hymettos and the rose honey from the Province Karistia brings two and three times as much. Wax brings so ciuits. AROENTINIA. Honey and wine used to be stored in goat-skins in former times. In Argent- inia iioru^v is brougbt into the market in this same fashion. The honey is made from sugar cam- syrup and is exported to Europe to some extent. (Liepzifjcr Bit)t en Zeitung). BRAZIL. In Brazil bee-keepers complain of their bees dying off rapidly. Poisonous honey is supposed to be the cause. In- side of three weeks one man has lost forty-two colonies out of forty-five. An- other one lost fifty- four colonies. The losses do not occur every year. AUSTRIA. The introduction of queens by means of an artificial queen-cell is recommend- ed in the Bicnen-J^dter, and Doolittle is given the credit of having been the first to make these artificial cells for that special purpose. He is reported as going about it as follows : " Taking a round stick (pencil shaped) ot proper size and soaked in water, dipping the same into melted wax several times to form a heavy covering and thus making a thimble-shaped cell which is slipped off from the moulding-stick when the wax is hardened. Covers for these cells are cast in a similar manner and used to close the cells after the queens are put in." Cells must not be so roomy as t(> allow a queen to turn around in the cell. '9 Austria is mountainous in many.'cc- tions. The honey-flow on the hills is necessarily later than it is on the plains to the extent of weeks and even months in some cases. Migratory bee-keeping is the naf-ural result and colonies arc usually carried on the backs of men and women to the rather inaccessible loca- tions. ITALY. The Pope Urban VIII. (1623-'44) in- dulged in the i)leasures of bee-keeping, he himself managing a large inimber of colonies. His aim, like Frederic tiic Great's, always was to induce the priest- and laity alike to engage in bee-keeping. GERMANY. Portable apiaries are recommended in Graven! I or sts' T(ln.st. Bicnen Zeitung. An illustration depicts (me with a capacity 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 174 of fifty hives. Tlie cost of same without the hives (simply an enclosed wagon with proper fixings, shelves etc.) is said to be SloO. In the same paper a swarm-trap (net) is offered for sale at about 7.5 cents. The trap is so constructed as to allow free ingress and egress to the field-work- ers, yet it secures the out-rushing swarm or conducts it into a new hive, as desired. J Reidenbach claims, in Gravoittorsts' B. Z., that healthy combs develop formic acid which in itself is a preventive of foul brood. Old brood combs, in partic- ular such as have not been regularly used for breeding, also mouldy or filthy combs, are condemned by him in the strongest terms as breeders of foul brood. # Use none but worker combs in the ex- tracting supers. If a queen should stray up the loss will then not be so serious. — Gravenh. III. B. Z. Divish says, in III. Monatsbldtter, bees do not freeze, but always starve first. He has observed that bees often starve with plenty of unaccessible honey in their hive. He advises to never disturb the bees after July but allow them to fix things according to iheir own notions. New swarms are classified by Husten, In Leipz. Bienea Zeituiig, as first swarms, after swarms, virgin swarms and singer swarms. A virgin swarm is one cast by a young swarm of the same season. A singer swarm is a first swarm with a virgin queen. Fleishman says, in the same paper, that it looks as if money lies around loosely in America or else the people, bee-keepers in particular, are easily taken in. He refers to the long-tongued queen trade, with S200 being paid for a single specimen. # Germany and Austria support many more bee journals than does America. The reason for this is that the many dif- ferent bee-keepers' organizations each and all have their own official organ. In consequence many of these papers have a rather local character. The Scheswuj HoL^teiii B. Z. gives a cure for corns. It is nothing more or less than bee glue or propolis. Warm it and spread a plaster. Apply it and leave it on three or four days, when tlie corn is sufliciently softened up to be removed with a knife without difficulty. -a When Dzierzon celebrated his ninetieth birthday not long since he received twelve hundred postals and letters of congratulations from the bee-keepers of Germany. # The bee-keepers of Germany seem to be of one mind as to how to load beehives containing bees on vehicles. The frames should stand parallel with the axle as the greatest jolting is from side to side. F. Greiner. AUSTRALIA. A few heads of millet tied together is recommended for a bee brush by one writer. J W. S. Pender has tested every type, shape, color and disposition of the Italian bee and one thing he has noted is that, "the bees from a long, narrow-bodied queen — a queen that indicates a want of development in her ovaries — are never producers of first-class honey gatherers; whereas, queens that are blunt pointed on the abdomen, something like a drone, with a short abdomen, are always very prolific and usually produce excellent honey gatherers." Continuing he says: "This shape of queen is obtained from Italy reared queens and never from Am- erican reared queens." A Mr. vScobie has noticed that nervous bees are no good. "Quiet, well-behaved bees were the best honey gatherers," says he. « "You may take it as an axiom," says the Bee Bulletin, "never to fuss with and nurse weak colonies." What Brother Tipper would have us do with them he does not say. As the strong ones require no fussing and nursing, then there is no need of it at any time or under any con- ditions in the apiary. Among the most simple remedies for stings is honey itself. — Bulletin. & The present membership of the New South Wales liee Farmers" Association represents over 3,000 working hives. — Bulletin. # The Australians are anxiously awaiting the advent of an uncapping machine. 175 THE, AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September A discussion of the subject at the Vic- torian Convention discloses the fact that bee-paralysis is very prevalent. SWITZERLAND. The question has been asked by the Revue Internationale whether extracted combs should be cleaned by the bees be- fore being put up for Winter. The answers are about half for yes and half for no. Those who do not have them cleaned say that they are not so brittle in the Spring and are much more quickly accepted and filled with new honey by the bees. But they must be kept in a mouse-proof and dry closet and be fumigated two or three times during the Winter with sulphur, in order to prevent molding and to destroy what moths might be there. One of the cor- respondents says that sometimes the supers of combs not cleaned are about half full before those of cleaned dry combs are touched. m Mr. Maupy {Revue Internationale) weighed the nectar brought in the sacs of bees coming from the field, and found from thirteen to seventeen railigrams to the load. # Among the advertisements I find veils made of very thin silk threads with meshes as large as possible, yet prevent- ing the bees from passing. They do not appreciably obstruct the sight and give better ventilation, which is a valuable advantage in warm weather. Adrian Getaz. "All advice is not good, and it takes wise man to make judicious selections." The Johnstown Flood. One of the best attractions on the Midway of the Pan-American Exposition is the Johnstown Flood Not only as a highly pleasing entertainment does it appeal to an observer, but also as an interesting and instructive exhibition from an artistic and scientific point of view. Some idea of the magni- tude of the concesaion may be realized when it is learned that its total cost amounted to nearly *T5,000. The story of the Johnstown flood is graph- ically told and vividly illustrated. Aside from its educational interest the entertainment is particu- larly meritorious for the wonderful meclianical and electrical genius shown in its construction and operation. To the younger as well as the older ones it proves to be an attraction that well repays a visit. Oak Hill, FLi., Aug. Hi, IDOL Mr. Editor: The heart is made glad when success crowns our efforts. I feel that way especially when noticing the editorial columns in the August number. I do not know how to tell you, dear friends, how much I appreciate the prize I am to be honored with; but you may be sure 1 am very glad to note I am to be awarded the second prize in the subscrip- tion contest which has just closed. Please accept my many thanks and I hope to be able to repay you in return a much larger number of subscribers. I assure you, gentlemen, I will spare no pains in doing so. I desire to speak in regard to The American Bee-keepek and wish to say it is stepping out in a new era, as it were; it is always progres- sive— an up-to date journal. Its pages are always filled with good things for the bee-keeper of to-day. I notice the editor is pleased that Bro. Root has disconlinued advertising those so-called $300 queens; which I think myself is right, for no such fabulous ad- vertisements should exist. While I have said nothing I have been giving the matter much study indeed. As Mr. Root has come over on our side and acknow- ledged his mistake, so like in every day life "the heart speaketh unto repent- ence." We should all appreciate his confession for we are all of Adam's race, full of guile and mistakes. Porter A. M. Feathers. Fort Pierce, Fla-.. Aug. 10, I'.Kil. Mr. Editor: I*leaM> allow me space in your valuable journal to relate my ex- periiMice of the past week with a swarnt. or uucUmis of bees. During several weeks of illness in the family I have had to neglect the bees. One d;iy last Aveek we saw .symptoms of scouts hunting a location for an outgoing- swarm. The next early morning, as I went to a neighbor's for milk lor the sick husband's breakfast. I passed the bees and all was harmony. In the early sum- mer I had placed some empty hives upon the inhabited ones to shade the bees from the intense heat. As I returned with the milk — only gone a few moments — I found that a small swarm had h^ft their 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 176 home and the bees were climbing up the side of tlieir -hirp onto the top of the eiijpty one above. jThere were no bees in the air; they had crawled, and were still crawling up the ^ides of the hives, where, on t6p, W4S tlie dear little queen. I hastened in wijtk the milk, and without gloves, veil orj smoker, I brushed the bees into the enlpty hLv?. D.m'ing the work some of the be^es Hew 4o-a^ nearby:, shrub, the one which had been visited by the scouts the day before, but returned to the new hive which I had placed just in the rear of the old one. After all was quiet I moved the hive to its permanent place and the bees have set up housekeeping. The entire proceeding seemed so unlike the habits of bees that I can not but think that the Lord helped me. He knew just how many things I had to do, and how tired I was, and He put it into the heart of the little queen to walk up to the top of the hive and stay there un- til I came baek. Again — last Spring we had an odd experience: A small swarm started off one Saturday afternoon and rested on a scrubby patch where the ground was very wet. As it was almost dark we said "Let them go." As the sun went down the wind rose, and my husband placed a box up in the scrub, thinking the bees would be blown off their perch. All night the wind blew and howled. In the early morning light I sought the place, and there swung the bees, beaten around by the neighboring branches. My husband got a stick with a crook in the end and drew the branch down, cutting it and laying it in a hive. The bees seemed so glad of shelter that above the wind we could hear a content- ed humming. The runaways have turned out very industrious. Yours, Ida Castle. Paris Station, N.Y., July 15. 1901. AM>:KirAN Bee-keepek : I am glad to see what I call an extra good crop of honey, for 1901 — that is, as far as central New York goes — for here in old Oneida County there is the largest showing of white clover that I ever saw and bass- wood is now ready with a crop which promises to come up to '97. Where bees, wintered well they are mor-e than bring- ing home nectar from the clover. My bees are wintered on Summer stands, and though in 1900 showed some signs of t)lack brood, this year are looking all right, and I have not seeii any signs of it in this section. My bees are at work in their second siiper. As I use the Falcon Chaff Hive, 10-frame, there are 36 sections in each super, which, when full, makes one think he has some honey when he takes it to the honey house. I always put the second super under the first when it is about three-fourths done. In this way there is no trouble about the bees entering the super. My supers take the 4 3^x4}^ section, which I get of the Falconer Mfg. Co., and always use the A No. 1. Out of .500 sections did not break but four. I always put them to- gether with a light mallet and in the' Winter, when I have not much to do, fill, them with extra light foundation and set away where the dirt and mice can not work into them. This year I am using an 8-frame Dove- tailed hive and for convenience and lots of other things it is far ahead of any 10- frame chaff hive ever made. I can give many reasons and should like to have the subject discussed in The American Bee-keepek. There are many things that would interest many of the readers to have some of our more advanced bee men talk about. Yours respectfully, W. E. Head. FASTENING FOUNDATION IN BROOD FRAMES. Ringdale, Pa., July 24, 1901. Not having seen in print my method of fastening fecundation in bro<_id frames, I will tell the readers of The Bee-keeper how I do it. The top bar is passed over a buzz-saw, cutting out a strip equal to one-fourth of the wood the entire length; thus virtually removing one corner of the bar. When the frame is nailed the foundation is placed in this gain and the strip nailed back in its original position, thus holding the foundation securely. A thin board placed upon the work bench against which the top bar takes bearing while nailing, relieves the spring otherwise caused by the end bars. A few years ago a young fellow out near Chicago thought of using wood splints instead of wire to keep founda- tion from sagging. Small straws are just as good as wood splints — the first joint of timothy or led-topor any fine straw. They should be first boiled in beeswax, the same as the splints. They may be imbedded in the foundation with a wire-imbedder. or pressed in with a piece of wood cut to a, sharp edge. The straw need not be hot if the foundation is wann and soft. I believe the wood splint idea was condemned some time ago, the wiring method being faster. I should think the splints or straws would 1-; THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September be about as fast as the wire, as the wire has to be put in the frames and then hn- bedded, while the straws may be simply laid on the foundation and imbedded. In using straws or splints perpendicu- larly, care must be taken in handling the combs in hot weather, unless they are attached to the bottom-bar. I have had some very nice combs built by using medium weight foundation and by let- ting the foundation almost touch the bottom-bar and end-bars, and using pieces of straw two or three inches long at odd intervals through the sheet, thus letting the foundation stretch a little. If bee-keepers can find any good in these ideas, they are welcome to them. Yours, Wm. Kerxan. "We live largely as we think; we think much as we read. Moral : Select good reading." "No one is half so good, no one is half so bad, half so poor, half so rich, as he is believed to be." PUBLISHED MONTHLY BV THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO. H. E. eiLL, Editor. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies 85 cts. ; 3 copies, $1.20 ; all to be sent to one postofBce. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents e.xtra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, !i words; $2.00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven percent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. ^^Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The American* Bee-keepek, Falconer, N.Y. tW Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. SS^ Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription e.xpires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. t^" A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. We have thus far failed in our efforts to secure an adequate amount of appropriate matter for the publi- cation of a special New York State number. Page 121, July number, second line from bottom of first column, re- ferring to saw palmetto, the word "pinnated" should have been palm- ated. The correction is made at the suggestion of Mr. Hart. Mr. T.H. Barber, of Eddy, N.Y., reports a lively season from June 10 to July 27. From eighty-five colo- nies he had sixty-eight swarms and secured eight thousand one-pound sections of honey. Mr. Barber uses the eight-frame Quinby hive. Upon the erstwhile placid bosom of apicultural journalism a signifi- cant ripple appears in some quar- ters. It is to be hoped that the "storms" of the eighties are not to be repeated. Better let go a little oil now before the seas rise. From Union Springs, N.Y., Mr. J. W. Pierson writes: "During the last two years the white honey crop has been very light in this lo- cality ; but this year we have a good crop." The Bee-keeper has pleas- ure in noting the good report this season from its home State. The Bee - Keepers' Review for August presents several excellent 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 178 pictures of its ntw home, at Flint, Mich. Brother Hutchinson is in- deed cozily quartered; and his artistic maijazine is in every way worthy of its present pretty sur- roundings. Success to the Revieicl A correspondent has noted that Editor York, of the American Bee Journal has recovered from his ''bad spell;" and says the attack was not nearly so severe as he had thought. He further suggests that he now sees no reason why Mr. Quirin and several others may not pull through. The Australian Bee-Keepers' Re- viexo is a new monthly which had its birth in June last at Cave Creek, N. S. W. It is published by Geo. Colbourne, Jr., and is made up largely of extracts from the Ameri- can press; though Mr. Colbourne evinces a thorough knowledge of bee-keeping. Mr. Edwin Austin, of Moravia, N.Y., is an ardent admirer of Mr. Doolittle's plan in having queens mated in upper stories. In a re- cent letter to The Bee-keeper, Mr. Austin states that he has had two queens laying uninterruptedly in the same hive for two months. He does not say whether this harmo- nious co-operation was terminated by the bees or by himself, however. Our old and esteemed correspon- dent, F. H. Bussler, of Orizaba, Mexico, has been traveling through the United States, Porto Rico and Europe for nearly two years past. He is again back among his bees and hard at work straightening out the remnant which he found upon his return. We expect to have some- thing occasionally from his. pen hereafter. a Western trip, and in consequence thereof has become enthusiastic in regard to the great extent and di- versity of things apicultural in that quarter. His mental expansion is already evinced in his journal to a marked degree. The fact that he quotes Horace Greely, in his admo- nition to young men, however, strongly suggests that he has not yet "done'" the South. Mr. W.W. Somerford, of Caimito, Cuba, has five apiaries in trim for the opening of the bellfiower this season. He thinks he wid have work enough to keep several hands out of mischief from November to March, It beats all how business does keep up down that way, when we consider the reported "rotten'" condition of the Island, from end to end, with foul -brood. Whether "trust" or mistrust is responsible for the reduction is not clear; but the fact remains that talk is getting cheaper every day. The editor of Gleanings has taken "We have had more swarming this season than in years," writes Mr. N. L. Stevens, of Venice, N.Y., "and, while the clover yielded well, the flow from basswood was light, considering the extent of the bloom.' Mr. Stevens' main crop, however, comes from buckwheat, which had not yet bloomed at time of writing. With all its adversities the Empire State holds some very cheerful bee-keepers this Fall. Any degree of success which may come to them is abundantly merited; for none are more progressive. Notwithstanding the destruction of its home by the great fire of May 3, the Florida Magazine, published at Jacksonville, the ill-fated metro- polis of the "Land of Flowers," continues to appear each month with its characteristic cheerfulness. 179 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September Though the magaziae is pinmarily of and for Florida, its field embraces history, science, health, fiction, music and review, making an ideal hom(; magazine. Anyone at all in- terested in the flowery peninsula should correspond with-the publish- er, whose announcement appears in our advertising columns. Mr. Doolittle, in the Progressive Bee-Keej^er^ says that for twenty years red clover has failed to bloom in central New York; but this year fields were red, as of old, with the bloom, and that the bees rolled in the honey equal to a genuine bass^ wood flow. This harvest was from the first crop of red clover. Surely no one can honestly lay claim to the possession of a strain of bees vastly superior to those offered 'for sale by any of the progressive breeders of the day. They are all breeding from-, stock which they believe to be as good as is to be had; and the private, opinion of any of this class of breeders is to be respected. A State Fair, to be held in Jack- sonville Nov. 19 to 22, is an event now engaging the attention and in- terest of the Florida resident; especially if he belongs to that pros- perous fraternity which systematic- ally divides its time between packing fruit and vegetables in crates, and watching the postoffice for checks which come by every mail from the Northern cities. Superintendent W. S. Hart, of the Apiarian Department, has sent us a copy of the official premium list, which, we must say, has been ad- mirably compiled, in so far as it relates to his department. Over eighty dollars in cash prizes is offer- ed the Florida exhibitor of apiarian products. After a period of. hibernation ex- tending over three years, the PftcvY'V Bee Journal has awakened, and now appears with all the promise and vim typical of a true Westernci- Brother B. S. K. Bennett, as of old. has his hand upon the helm, which he left to fight for the stars and stripes in 1898. This, we believe, gives the United States eight bee journals; and it would seem that all manner of tastes might be satisfied by a selection from the list. It is evident that the future will develop some worthy representative publi- cations in our line. That stage will be reached when a majority of bee- keepers have awakened to the possi- bilities of the business, and take to reading. , OUR FRONTISPIECE. By way of a brief introduction we might say, in regard to the pic- ture of the Cayuga County Associ- ation's officers presented in this number, that President Stevens, who is also Vice-president of the N. Y. S. A. B.-K. S., has been a bee- keeper at heart s-ince he was twelve years old, and in practice since 1881, at which time he began with a swarm captured in the harvest field. At present he has four api- aries comprising nearly 400 colonies, being the most extensive bee-keeper of Cayuga County. These- apiaries are operated with the assistance of Mrs. Stevens, who has always taken an active interest in the manage- ment of the bees. Though it is generally asserted that an increase of colonies is produced at the ex- pense of the honey crop, Mr. Stevens has found by experience that, in his locality, where the buckwheat constitutes an important part of the nectar supply, with skillful management increase of colonies increases the surplus crop of honey. Secretary J. W. Pierson discon- imi THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 180 tinued the furniture and undertak- ing business to engage in bee- keeping and farming, in 1894; though he had been a bee-keeper since 188G to some extent. Mr. Pierson has seventy colonies in the home yard, which are run for comb honey, while the out-apiary has thirty colonies devoted to the pro- duction of extracted, Mr. Pierson winters in packing cases on the Summer stands with success. He has pulled some first and second prizes from the State exhibitions, upon his apiarian products etc.. Mr. Edwin Austin, First Vice- president, is a veteran in the ranks, having begun bee-keeping with a box hive in 186.2, and in 1866, or thereabouts, purchased the right to use the Gallup hive. He was one of the first to introduce Italian bees. In the production of comb honey he uses the wide frame. Queen-rearing was added to the business about ten years ago, and his average number of colonies has been about one hundred for the past twelve years. The initiation of Mr. J. S. Sec- comb, Second Vice-president, dates back to the seventies, when he pro- cured a colony in a "log gum," and since that time, as a rule, has made the business pay. His stock has varied from ten to ninety colonies — last season he had ninety-four — but having sold and lost to some extent he is now operating about fifty. TROUBLE IN ROCHESTER. Early August issues of the Roch- ester (ISF. Y.) papers were very much animated over the repeal of the city's bee ordinances. From the meagre information gleaned from this source it appears that an alder- man sought to wipe out the bees from the city by introducing some sort of an amendment to the exist- ing ordinance. The Herald^ in re- porting the council meeting, has this paragraph: After a mix-up in which, Frederick L. Dutcher as attorney for the Bee-keepers' Association appealed in oppo.sition, the discussion of tlie amendment was inde- finately postponed. Inasmuch as the present ordinance had been declared un- constitutional and the law officers of the. city (Ud not wish to appeal the case on the law, there was nothing left but to repeal the ordinance. So the old ordin-" ance was repealed with only one dis- senting vote. This left no ordinance whatever on the subject, but it is pos- sible Alderman Baker may make the effort to get a new ordinance adopted soon. The Ecening Times, though, is the paper that waxes warm over the matter, and, by the way, in- dulges in an exposition of a lot of bee keepers' secrets (?) not hereto- fore made public. The following is extracted from its editorial columns and is, therefore, official. Now read : The introduction of Alderman Bakers bee ordinance marked another step in the etfort to rid the city of nuii^ances. Its repeal by the Common Council last niglit. The Tunes . believes, was an ill- , advised step and one that wjW be regret- ted. Why anyone should wish to keep bees in a city is a mystery. Anyone who has ever watched bees at work around sewer openings. street gutters and damp,, filthy places o.f every nature should be in full sympathy with Alderman Baker's project. People who grow grapes aud other fruits will albo appreciate his efforts in this direction. At the time grapes are ripening we usually have very little rain, there are no flowers for bees to work on and street tilth is scarce because of the dry weather. Then bees attack the rhiening grapes, bite a hole through the skiu and suck the juice out. More grapes are spoiled in this way every yeai- than all the bees in tlie city are worth many times over. We may hear about beis going miles to load up with honey, but they don't do it when they can get any- thing nearer home, and they are not particular insects. "York State" beekeepers have a 181 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER September I very determined way of keeping from underfoot of those who would trample their rights; and Rochester will probably learn that the apicul- tural fraternity of the Empire State is not composed exclusively of the "hayseed" class of farmers typified by Puck. And who would have supposed that sewer honey was produced in the "Flower City?" If The Trmes is as accurate in its pol- itical opinions and information as it is on the subject of bees and grapes, its followers are in the wake of a mighty poor pilot. " If you don't know where success lies, perhaps you know where it is not, and that will show you what to avoid." PAN-AMERICAN TOURS. The outdoor Recreation folder compil- ed by W. Slieldon Bull, which was re- cently issued by the press department of the Pan-American Exposition, has met with a hearty reception from tlie wheel- ing public generally, and the number of requests for copies that are being receiv- ed each day, coming from a wide range of territory, testifies to the fact that the usefulness of the book is being recog- nized throughout the entire length and breadth of the country. The maps of tlie city of Buffalo and of Erie and Niagara Counties were made especially for this book and are up-to-date and reliable in every particular. Besides these maps the book contains many other handsome illustrations of Exposition buildings and views taken from the sur- rounding country together with a gener- al description of the outdoor features of the Exposition, graphically outlining the beauties that are unfolded to tiie visitor who approaches the Rainbow City through the most beautiful and artistic entrance to the grounds — that of the Water Gate. A detailed description of the various trunk line cycle routes lead- ing to Buffalo, Niagara Falls and the Pan-American Exposition from all points within a radius of five iiundred miles is also included. The books are invaluable to tourists and no wheelman or lover of outdoor recreation should miss the oppor- tunity of securing a copy. Honey and Beeswax Market. WASHINGTON GRADING lU'LES. Fancy. — All sections to be well lilled, combs straight, of even thickness and lirujly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unaoiled by travel stain or otlierwise; all the cells sealed ex- cept the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be "Fancy white,"' "No. 1, dark," etc. Below we give the latest and most authentic re- P'>rt of the Honey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: New Yokk, Aug. 20.— The demand for comb honey seems to have opened up for this season, and there is a fair demand. We have received some few shipments from New York State and the South, nothing large at present. Fancy white, U @ 15c.; No. I white, 13J«2 <;' l^c.; No. 2 white, 11 ® 12c. Hardly any demand for extracted, some few sales reported at from -IW to O^c. ^ it.. Beeswax is not active at this moment, but is ruling at about 27c. Fkancis H. Leggktt & Co. Chicago, Aug. 22. — White comb brings 15c. ^ m for the choice grades with other lines not grading. No. 1 sailing at V,\ (a 14c., light amber 12 id' 13c., dark 10 (31 lie. Extracted fair demand at bM (13 tic. for white, and 5'4 (a b\i for amber, dark grades 5c. Beeswax steady at :iOc. for choice yellow. R. A. Bl'KNETT & Co. Buffalo, Aug. I'J. — There is a moderate demand for honey with supply of fancy but light. Fancy comb 15 (Si 16 c, extracted H ( -f j O By subscribing for ^ I Spirit of the West, Des Moines,< M *1.00 per year. The Leading T„ J ^ Western Advertising Medium. ■'■'*' J pARM INVESTOR and FINANCIAL ' OUTLOOK, Published once a month, is devoted to agriculture and stock husbandry, also to the interests of the home-seeker, capitalist and investor. Will keep you posted about desirable farm homes everywhere Free legal column to answer legal questions; will portray the general financial outlook and give crop reports, and will advise the best time to sell stock and grain; in fact is devoted to the best business interests of the American Parmer and the realty world. Price 50c. per year in advance. If you desire to purchase a farm, send for catalogue. If you desire to sell, write us in full and save time. Address, BELL BROS., Real Estate and Loan Specialists, and pro- prietors of ''Farm Investor," Marysville, Ohio. (Dl p. 000 I^ CASH to be GIVEN AWAY. kpXvJjUUU By a special arrangement with the Press Publisliing Association, of Detroit, Mich., the readers of The Farmers and Planters Guide are enabled to participate in the distribution of $15,000 in cash to be divided into prizes ranging from $1.00 to $5,000. The winning of one of these prizes may be the means of starting you on the road to fortune. Send a two-cent stamp to-day for particulars. Address, The Farmers and Planters Guide, tf fi S. Calvert St., Baltimore, Md. Are You interested hi Fish, Grame or Bird Pro- tection ? If so, yon should read the Fish and Game Protector. 107 Lucas Ave., St. Louis, Mo. Send for sample copy. Among industrial organs, a small paper that sticks closely to its subject is worth a cartload of the aimless nomads that claim to corer the whole field. Subscribe now for The Am. Bek-keeper. AGENTS ¥/antecl in every town for our Washing Machines^ You can double your money every time you sell one and they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They are cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free. The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. The Towa Horticultural Paper. Monthly, 50 cents per year. It is unique, planned on original lines. You cannot be up-to-date in fruit growing unless you read it. Balance of this year free to new subscribers. THE FRUITMAN, j,.f Mt. Vernon, Iowa. High-grade Belgian Hares. We have a fine lot of high-grarte pedigreed Belgians which we will sell at bed-rock prices if taken at once. Qir Britain, a worthy grand- ^ son of Lord Britain in the stud. Write at once and say what you want and we will quote prices. Sample copy of a Farm Paper Free. Eed King Belgian Hare Co., St. Joseph, Mo. This is only two lines, yet you notice it Others would notice YouKadvt. in The Am. Bee-keeper. in Poultry, Pigeon and ** Hare Books, Papers and Supplies. Send for Circular. The Poultry Item, Pricks, Pa. Go South. The Soil, Climate, Markets and many other advantages invite you. For free copies of Monthly Journal, and for Maps, Plats, Facts. Figures and full information, write A. Jeffers, 851 Main Street, ,,.„ Norfolk, Va. EGG. RECORD and ACCOUNT BOOK gUron a^TTO^T Everyone sending 35 cents iVCUL ClWdyi now for one year's sub- scription to the Canadian Poultry News, (a Ifi to 20 i)age journal devoted to poultry, pigeons and pet slock) will receive a copy of the new Canadian Poultryruan's Egg Record and Account Book FREE. Just the thing everybody should >^-'^e- Or send 45 cents and get the NEWS from June, 1901 to Jan. 1, 1903, and an Egg Record and Ac- count Book. Address at once, ROBT. R. CAMERON, Canadian Poultry News, tf Owen Sound, Ont., Can. A Perfect System. THE ROYAL TEMPLARS have placed their system of protection on a foundation so broad and deep that it shall stand long after all other systems have'passed away^and are forgotten, and will insure the widow and orphan the fulfiliment of the provision made to se- cure them from the cold blasts of want by the loving forethought of the-husband and fati;er, who has been removed by the hand of death. What it Provides. All the social (enjoyments of a Grand Fraternity. All the financial protection of a power- ful Life Insurance Corporation. Aid to the bereaved family in making prompt payment of every just claim, tf WHEN YOU DROP A DOLLAR it is a good plan to look where it strikes, that you may pick it up again. When you invest a dollar for advertising space in Poultry Pointers, at our special rate, it is just like dropping a dollar where you can pick up TWO. W \'\\.c at once for sample copy, special rates and full particulars to F'OUL.TKY POINTEiRS Offioe. 5tf 306 West Main Street, Ionia, Mich. The Record. The Oldest and Leading Belgian Hare Journal of America and England. R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher, The only journal having an English Belgian Hare Department. One copy worth the yearly subscription. If interested, don't fail to send 2-cent stamp for sample copy at once. Address, R. J. FINLEY, 12 MACON , MO. with Bee Hives! I am overstocked with hives. Will sell two thousand at Prices you cannot duplicate. St. Joe, Dovetailed, Wisconsin, Cham- pion, or Langstroth Simplicity. Ask for prices and say how many >ou want. Can ship at once. Can Save you Money. No difference where you live. Otlu'r goods as cheap as anybody. SUPPLY BUSINESS for sale dieap. Address Emerson T, Abbott, tf S'J". JOSEPH, MO. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. ^l.UO a year. Address, CONNECTICUT FARMER, Hartford, Conn, tf When writing to advertisers say: " I saw your adv't in The Amekican Bee-keepek." EH Perfected Von Culin Incubator is kiu)wn prfitty well all over th(^ country and has never failed to prove satisfactory when handled by a person of intelligence and with ordinary attentioii. We g-uar- antee them to Ix^ satisfactory or you needn't pay for them. " What's mor<> fair than this offer, and doesn't it show that we mean what we say as to its merits? i^ond for catalogue. The W. T. FALCONER IVIFC. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. The GOLDEN EGG. Only Poultry and Belgian Hare Journal in the World's Fair City of 11)03. Fifty cents the year. It gives us pleasure to send sample copies. Agents receive salary and com mission. The GOLDEN EGG PUB, CO., 815 Chestnut St., >,,( Saint Louis, Mo. IS ALL IT TAKE.S C TO TAY FOR FANCY FOWLS. The phenominaliy successful and most widely read poultry organ of the South. Established in 1897, it is a credit to its S€K*tion, the great and growing South. It is out on time the tenth of each month, is prosperous and responsible. As a low-priced paper it is in a class by itself and i^ better than most 50c. papers. 36 to (10 pages. Largest circulation in its territory of any poultry paper and unequalled as an advertising medium to those want- ing to reach Southern readers. Address, enclosing '25c. in coin or stamps, FANCY FOWLS CO., 8-fit Hopkinsville, K}'. Over 100 L,eadiug^ Mag-aziiies and Newrspapers for 25 Cents. Send us 25 cents and we will .send you by mail "Tlte Union Ascnt" for « months and over 100 leading magazines direct from the publishers. Think of it— for 26 cents you receive .$10.UU worth of literature. It will fur- nish you reading matter for months. You receive such magazines as the Yauths' Coim pnnum, Cailury, Ecvinu of Rcvkws, Woman's Borne Comjxmion, Farm and Fin^ide, Etc. Send today' This offer is for this month. When ordering state whether you prefer story pai)ers, relig- ious papers, farmers' papers, labor or any special kind. Do yousub.scribeforany paper or wish to? Rend us the subscription price less 10 per cent, discount from the publishers' price on all papers and magazines. Agents wanted. Tlie Union Agent, Coving-ton, Ky. IMGUBATOBS^i^lFARM SURE HATCH INCUBATOR. inybody can nin (t, becaote it "nnsltaell Send tor oar free dialog and nee for yourself how 7erj succtssful tt has been oo thefarm. It also describee ftnr Oonimon Sense Folding Brooder W( Pay the Freuht, »«^ t^ SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO.. Clay Ceaier. Nebraska. SUBSCRIBE FOR The Michigan Belgian Fancier The liiiding Telgiaa Hare paper, iiiid the only jjaperin MiohigiiQ that dev(jtes its pages, exclus-ive- ly to the Belgian Haro. ' The rif^ht paper for the beginner— tor the fancier — for the advertiser. The regular subscription price is 5Uc. per year. To the readers of this paper who will clip this adv. and return.it to .us with 10c. in stamps or silver, we will send the paper for one year. Sample copies sent on application. Address The Michigan Belgian Fancier, «tf Ithaca, Mich. PATENTS Caveats, Trade Marks Copyrights and Designs Send your business direct to Washington Saves time, costs less, better service My office close to the U. S. Patent Office. Personal attention given. Twenty years' experience. Book "How to Obtain Patents" etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggers receive Bpecial notice, without charge, in the INVRNT^IVR AGR. Illustrated Monthly. Twelfth year. Terms $1 a year E. G. SIGGERS. iiI8 F street N.W. M^ashington, 1). C Still 10c. a Year. Until further notice you can still get the POULTRY, BEE AND FRUIT JOURNAL for 10c. per year. Or by getting four of your friends to send with you, we will either extend your subscription one year or make you a gift of a good poultry book. Send to-day — NOW — before it is too late, as this offer may be withdrawn at any time. Send your dime and get the neatest, boiled down, right-to-the-point, stop-when-you've-said-it m o n t hly journal an entire year. Thirty words in Breeders' Column for 2.5c. Dis- play advertising 75c. per inch, net. No discounts for time or space. A guarantee of satisfaction written in every contract. Poultry, Bee and Fruit Co., Davenport, Iowa. S E E T -^^^^ ^^^^^ Dealers, ■ in fact all advertisers will find THIS AND THAT a splen- did medium for results. Give us a trial and be convinced. Rates, for a short time only, 5 cents per non- pareil line. Circulation 10,000. Address, T. Fortson Pruett, Publisher. Sidney, N. Y. The Belgian Hare , Advocate 1 is a large 16 page, 64 column mag- azine, published monthly at twenty- five cents a year, and if interested in this new and popular industry you certainly should subscribe. Edited by a practical breeder in the interests of the Belgian indus- try. Poultry and Pet Stock. Subscription and advertising at live and let live prices. Our motto: Your money's worth every time. The Belgian Hare Advocate, PONETO, IND Ruths Belgian Hare Directory, price 10 cts. The Advocate one year and Directory for only 30 cts. Homes in Did Virginia- It is gradually brought to lio-ht that the Civil war has made great changes, freed the slaves, and in consequence has made the large land owners poor and finally freed the land from the original owners who would not sell until they were compelled to do so. There are some of the finest lands in the market at very low prices, lands that produce all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits, and berries; fine for stock. You find green truck patches, such as cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale, spinach, etc., growing all the win- ter. The climate is the best all the year around to be found, not too cold nor too warm. G-ood water. Healrhy. Railroads running in every direction. If you desire to know all about Virginia send 10c. for three months subscription of the VIRGINIA FARMER to Farmer Co., Emporia, Va. There is no trade or profession better catered to by good journals than that of the farmer. Unin- telligent unprogressiveness has now no excuse. ^ Australian Culturist and Poultry Gazette. Also THE APIARIST. Horticulture. Special Industries. (Established 10 years). 20 pages monthly. Subscription Ss. fid. per annum. This journal circulates in all the Austral- asian Colonies, including New Zealand and Tasmania. A good medium to American firms desiring an Australian trade. Head office for .\ustralian Colonies, 162 Queen Street, Melbourne, Australia. Good Advertisers, Tbdse who are careful where they place their advertising money, use Barnum's Midland Farmer, which reaches over 3U,(J00 prosper- ous, wide-awake, buy in o- farmers every issue. Regular rate 14c. per ajjate line, but send us a trial order at 10c. per line ($1.40 per inch per time), and we will place it where it will do the most good. Two or more new subscriptions (sent together), 20c. per year. Sixteen pages, four columns to page. Departments covering every branch of farming and stock-rai.-ing. The little jour- nal that is "read and re-read by its readers." Barnum's Midland Farm- er, No 22 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 8tf 2 CUT THIS OUT j @ and send it to us with ten cents (silver) in- I 2 closed, and receive in return a six months' 1 * triul subsciptioii to | i People's Companion Magazine, j fi It's the one you hear so much about. Ad. ( V rates, 5 ct.s. ptr line; Ul cts. per inch. Give J fl| us a trial ad. and feci \vlia,t a puller it is. a © Sample C(5py for two cent stamxi. ( 1 People's Companion Pub. Co., j a MILWAUKEE, WIS. t m Ed. De Lon«e. Ed. and Pub. Stfl The only strictly agricultural paper published in this State. The only agricultural paper published every week. It goes to every post office in State of Tennessee and to many offices in Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It is the official organ of the Agricul- tural Department of Tennessee and Live Stock Commission. Subscrip- tion $1 per year in advance. Tennessee Farmer Pub. Co., 8tf Nashville, Tenn. Poultry and Belgian Hare Standard. Leader on Poultry and Hares; giving the greatest amount of practical instruction each issue — just what every breeder must have to succeed. A text book of 175 pages is given with each yearly subscrip- tion which includes five cents for postage. State whether poultry or hare book is wanted and send fifty-five cents to STANDARD, 512 Hall Building, g^j Kansas City, Mo. Send for our Free Catalogue of many useful articles. Enclose stamp for mailing. MILWAUKEE NOVELTY CO., 8tf Milwaukee, Wis. ALL LOWERS OF MATURE "'^^'•^^'^^^''^in^^TXre.soe BIOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, BOTANY, MINERALOGY, ASTRONOMY. ENTOM OLOGY, PHOTOGRAPHY, CHEMISTRY, HYGIENE, H EALTH, etc., should not fail t secure, as a regular visitor to their home, Popular Science News, i Instructive. U£ great value to teachers, and persons engaged in educational work. Interesting., To further introduce this maKazine, ani to induce many to subscribe who are not now readers of POPULAR SCTENOK NEWS, tlie iiublishfrs have secured special terms whereby they are enabled to make thi; following SPECIAL COMBINATION OFFER ^°''*'''^^"™™" "'"""''•■ I POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS [new] six months. Rbview OF Reviews [newj " .St^ccEs.s [new or renewal] The American Bek-keepek [new]. " .?0 80 . 1 2.5 . 0 50 . 0 25 All Four for $1.68. *2 SU All Four for $2.85. or POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS [new] one year .?! HO Review OF Reviews [new] " " 2 50 Success [new or renewal] " " 100 The A.mekican Bee-keepek [new] " " ....'.. 0 50 $5 60 Subscriptions may b J sent to one or different addresses. Subscriptions to the Review of Reviews, Popular Science News and The American Bee-keeper must be new, but subscriptions to Success may be either ne\v or renewal. Whenever possible remittances should be made by check or money order payable to Popular Science News. If money is sent the coin should be gummed to a piece of cardboard before lilacing in envelope, to insure safety. Foreign postage extra. Address all communications to tt POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS, I08 Fulton St., New York City. Bee-keepers who also raise Poultry should not fail to read The PRACTICAL POULTRYMAN. It is thoroughly reliable, always interesting and/practical, and each issue is worth a year's subscription. Samplecopy for the asking. Advertising in it pays, because it reaches buyers. PRiWTING FOR FANCIERS ovir specialty. Everybody suited witb our woik and pleased with our low prices. Samples and price list free. Address PRACTICAL POULTRYMAN, stt Whitney Point, N.Y. (?^-\'. V.'\. >^' A/'C-Co FLORIDA MAGAZINE. An Illustrated Monthly. One Dollar a Year. G. D. ACKERLY, Publisher, Jacksonville, Florida. ^^f^ Establish- ed IH years. and Fruit Growers' Supply Depot. Send for valuable circulars at once. Many reasons why you should buy here. E. G. MENDENHALL, Proprietor, - - Kinmundy, Illinois. Tlie Fruit Growers' journal, is a six column, eiglit-page journal, pub- lished monthly, at Cobden, Illinois, The Fruit Growing Center of the West. It is an all-around horticultural, agri- cultural journal, and is devoted largely to transportation and maricets. Agents Wanted. Send two cents for sauiple copy. 13-tf The North American Horticulturist. C. J. McC'ORMICK, Editor. Issued Monthly.... A Strictly First-class Paper for t!ie 0(1 Seamless German Silver bands - - 2 UO Open bands— German Silver - 1 00 Countermarks • - - • i pay postage. Wayside Poultry Co., Clintonville, Ooun. THE RABBIT; How- to Select, Breed jiiid , _„. Manure Die Iwbbit indUcgiauHiiictorl-KaMin; or prutit. flfili ediliou low ready, nicely illus; rai.-d. enlarged, tine paper, up- iL'.'"4''i-^!Ji'iI']i''-''''^P (lirccio.y. etc. Price 'Jj cents. RSL'^rniSO ^""^ PIGEON; Euw to Sclecr, r llntf lill^ Breed aud Manage tliePigeou for I tUL^UUiSa Plo suieorProIit, by A V. Meei^ ■ch. 1 rutusciy illusi rated, treating the subiect In a lioroui.'li and (■(iiui.seiiiauucr. the author haviugniany rL'ajrs_c\ptMacin-iMu n. S. and England Price 2r,cts. \f PAPRK.illusfd. 24 pages, accents pcryear. 4montlis' trial lOcents. , Sample free. 61-page practical loulrry book tree to ycailv subscribers. Book alone 0 cents, Tlie paper one y'v.w and eit tier25 ct. book for lOiis .orall aiiove forco cis. Catalogue of poultry )Ool£s free. AmcricanPoultry Advocate, Syracuse,NY s-r2t BETTER THAN A GOLD MINE. MONEY IN HENS. 400 ptT ct. pi ofit by our own method ; all explained In our POULTRY Book (The Book of Books for all Poultry Keepers). Astdiiishlng results. Will surprise and please you. BOOKLET FREE TO EVERYBODY-or Big Poultry Book with our Poultrv Paper, S mos. for 10 cents. Address, AV. P. CO., Box 125 Clintonville, Conn. The CRITERION. $1.00 yer Year. Ten Cents a Copy. The best illustrated monthly magazine of the kind published. Its pages are filled by a brilliant array of writers and artists. Its authoritative and indejjndent reviews of books, plays, music and art. its clever stories, strong special articles, humor and verse, with fine illustrations, make it a necessity in every intelligent home. The very low subscription price — i?1.00 per year — puts it within the reach of all. Reliable agents wanted in every town. E.xtraord- inary inducements. Write for particulars. A trial subscription will prove it. Write to-day for sample copy. Criterion Publication Co., Subscription Dept. 11 E. ilst St., N.Y. City 4 4t. eom More Bee-keepers' Paradises. E. R. Root has just returned from a 6,000-mile trip through some of the best bee locations in the world, and has already begun his series of write-ups, accompanied with fine photos, in GLEANINGS IN BEE CUL- TURE. The following editorial appears Aug. 1st, and will give some- thing of an idea of what he will describe: Some little time ago I promised to tell about the bee-keepers' paradises in Texas. I have this on the docket, and it will appear as I take up the line of my travels. But since running across that paradise I have run into two or three others. There is one W*-st of the Rockies, in Colorado, that is not yet overstocked witli bees or bee- keepers: another one in central Idaho — in fact, I do not know but the whole State. These will be described in turn. The fact is, millions of capital are being invested in irrigation; irrigation means alfalfa; alfalfa means a paradise for bees. But I found all along my trip that alfalfa-growing preceded bee-keeping by two or three years, for it seems to take about that length of time before the bee-keepers find these gold mines that have been hitherto unoccupied. If you are dissatisfied with your present location, and for financial reasons, or on account of health, will be compelled to leave, subscribe for OLEANINOS IN BEE CULTURE and learn something about the great South and the great West. There are many locations in the West that are not yet occupied — splendid bee locations. If you wish to learn about them, send 15 cents for a three months' trial subscription, or 25 cents for a six months' trial, or $1.00 for one year and one untested Italian queen. Or send $3.00 and we will send GLEANINGS one year and one of our cele- brated red-clover queens. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio, U.S. A. Queens! QUIEIN, the Queen Breeder, has now on hand, ready to mail, five hundred young. Long-tongued Red Clover Queens, Golden or Leather colored. We have one of Root's best breeders from his ig'iOO long-tongued, red clover queen, and a Golden breeder, which we are told is worth $100. if there is a queen in the Ignited States worth that sum. J. L. Gandy, of Humboldt, Neb., tells us that the colony having one of our queens, stored over four hundred pounds (mostly comb) honey in a single season. A. I. Root's folks say that our queens are extra fine, while the editor of the American Bee Journal tells us that he has good reports from our stock from time to time. We have years of experience in mailing and rearing queens. Queens positively by feturn mail from now on. Price for balance of season as follows: lit) 12 BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. This cut represents our Combined Machine, which is the best machine made for use in the construction of Hives, Sections, Boxes, etc. Sent on trial. Send for Cata- logue and Price List. W. F. & John Barnes Co., 918 Ruby St., Rockford. Typewriters ♦^ and Cameras. ♦ If any reader of The Bee-keeper is contem- plating the purchase of a photographic outfit or a writing machine, I should be pleased to have him correspond with me before placing an order for either. I am in a position to offer new instruments of the highest grade, direct from the manufac- turers, at the lowest possible prices. Respectfully, S-tf. H. E. Hill, Ft. Pierce, Fla. Selected - Tested Selected Tested Extra selected tested, buy, ?o.00 each. t T.5 S4 00 *7 00 1 00 5 00 9 00 1 .50 8 00 the best that money can H. C. QUIRIN, Parkertown. Ohio. (Parkertown is now a Money Order Office.) THE NATIONAL LAND LIST. The only genuine real estate paper now publish- ed in America. It circulates in every State in the Union. Parties interested in buying, selling or exchanging land, merchandise or other property will find what they want in "The National Land List." It is jam full of special bargains and offers of exchange. Single copies by mail ten cents. Address The National Land List Publishing Co-, Oreen Ridge, Missouri. 'M Send us the names and addresses of 20 of your friends and receive a twelve months' trial subscription to THIS AND THAT. Address the publisher, T. FoRTsoN Pruett, Sidney, N.Y. MAPS. A vest pocket Map of your State. New issue. These maps show all the Counties, in seven colors, all railroads, postoffices — and many towns not given in the postal guide — rivers, lakes and mountains, with index a id population of counties, cities and towns. Census — it gives all official returns. We will send you postpaid any state map you Patents. wish for 20 cents (silver). JOHN W. HANN, 8tf Wauneta, Neb. BEE-KEEPERS. One of the largest undeveloped apicultural regions in America is to be found in Oklahoma and Indian Territories. The Oklahoma Farm Journal Oklahoma City, Okla., wiM tell you all about it. Subscrip- tion price $1 per year. N. B. Parties subscribing: now will be receipted in full to Jan. 1, /903. 8tf PATENT and PENSION AGENCIES. Wills Huilding, :il2 Ind. Ave., WASHTNOTUN, 1). ( If you wish to know anything about patents or pensions write to the above. They have been in the business continuously since 1882. The Patent Office hns over a mil- lion ($1,000,000) dollars to its credit. The Bureau of Pensions disburses about one hundred and forty milli- ons ($140,000,000) dollars a year. An ad. will brin'» returns. How does this strike you? The SOUTH OMAHA y Times is the only general daily news- paper published in a city of 2601 inhabitants. Its various features make it a welcomed visitor to every home in South Omaha, and to hundreds of farmers and stock shippers in Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, Kansas, Colorado, and other cattle- and hog-raising states. Advertising rates very low. SOUTH OMAHA, NEB. Rtf THE WEEKLY SUN, Canada's Great Farm and Home Journal, Published ut TOSONTO, CAN. Special features, Fanners' market reports. Full and accurate reports of farmers' gatherings. Interviews with progressive farmers on timely topics; stories and selections for the home. No other paper offers so good a medium of com- munication with the best fix-mers of Canada, s-tf Beeswax ¥fanted We will pay 26 cents cash or 29 ients in goods for good 2"f' '^X °^ leoswax, freight paid to FALCON- iR, N.Y. If you have any, ship It to js at once. [I'rices subject to chanRe without notice.] rhe W.T. Falconer Mffi:. Co. EGGS IN WINTER An-i^asilv i)Mttl"i-il undiT rlKht coniUtloim ftrirl pr.ipcr nllcndiin. HuhscTltii- foroiir poultry p«pi:r will liftrn Iwiw. 25 cl«. a yoar. Samplfl copy frcfl. TUB POULTRY ITKM, Box 180, F»10K«, P*. W. M. Uftrrlsh, i^asi rNdMimj^n.iiu, i--"- H., "ke<'.ps a coiiiplcacj supply of our (roods, and oaslcni ctistoiiiBrs will save fr(!it;ht by ord(!riii!4 of him. TiiK W. T. Fai.oonku MfOc. Established 1H!)7. Circulation 5,000. Devoted excluBively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversiried farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. I*. ISIiAEl., ]t£ Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. One Year 10c. If you are not a subscriber ♦" The Poultry InduHtry, ^''i!^, Hilver, and «et this vigorous up-to-date poultry journal " 'ine VVbite Wonder fowls, K. C. 1». Leg- liunis, ]'.. 1'. Rocks, I'artrielieve you will iind that tiie SURE HATCH HyOUBATeRS ANB C«lMMON SKNi^E FOM>f>"0 IJROOOEUS ar* giving better satisfaction than any other made. It's because they are so simple, st nsible and sure. ThfV are built t.»i busy people, \\ ho haven't time to fnss and bother. Our catalogue is F]£K£* We tiou't i ask vou to pay for it, 1 pn*ti t won h esami'i'ng? j SURE HATCH INCUBATOR COMPANY, CLAY CENTER, WE3RASKA. Are you looking for a Home ? Do you wish to make an investment? Have you any property which you wish to sell ? No faimei should think of buying a home until he has secured a cojiv of the FARM AND REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It has the largest list of fiirms advertised in it of any paper published in the State of Iowa. It reaches thirty thousand readers each issue. It is one of llic best papers to advertise in that there is published in the State of Iowa. It has a circulation in nearl.', every State in the Union. Every man who handles real estate should be a subscriber to this Journal. He will find that it will put him in the way of making enough deals the first month to more than thirty times x^ay him for what the Journal would cost him for one year. Send 76 cents and we will mail you the Journal one year, or for ten cents in silver or stamps we will send you the Journal two months on trial. Advertising Rates only ten cents per line for one month. Address THE FARM AND REAL ESTATE JOURNAL, Traer, Tama County, la g!mn!!iin!i!Jn(irrm!nm!!im?i!!iiinmiini!«!iHimiii!rHiiniii!iiiimfir!iiffniifmmii!imniiiiimi!iyfiiiiiiiii!iiiiinii!»in!td Lamp of Steady Habitsf The lamp that doesn't flare up or smoke, or cause yo'j to use bad language ; the lamp that looks good when you get it ana stays good; the lamp that you never willingly part with, once you have it ; that's Other lamps may be offered you as " just as good " — they may be, in some respects, but for all around goodness, there's only one. To make cure the lamp offered you is genuine, look for the name on it ; every Mew RocSiester lamp has it. We make oil stoves too, ju.st as good as the lamps; in fact, anything in oil or gas fixtures. ^ IW63/26. ««« Thb Rochester Lamp Co., 38 Park Place and 33 Barclay St., New York. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiuiiaiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiJiiuiiiiiuniiiiiiiiiiuiitiiiiiiimiiiutitiiiiiiiiiiihiiiiiiiitiimiiii; Ox;^!^^ IIO ^^® names and OCJIIU UO addresses of 20 of your friends and receive a twelve months' trial subscription to THIS AND THAT. Address the publisher, T. FoRTSoN Pruett, Sidney, N.Y. MAPS. A vest pocket Map of your State. New issue. These maps show all the Counties, in seven colors, all railroads, postoffices — and many towns not given in the postal guide — rivers, lakes and mountains, with index and population of counties, cities and towns. Census — it gives all official returns. We will send you postpaid any state map you wish for 20 cents (silver). JOHN W. HANN, 8tf Wauneta, Neb. BEE-KEEPERS. One of the largest undeveloped apicultural regions in America is to be found in Oklahoma and Indian Territories. The Oklahoma Farm Journal Oklahoma City, Okla., will tell you all about it. Subscrip- tion price $1 per year. N. B. Parties subscribing now will be receipted in full to Jan. 1, /903. 8tf Patents. Pensions. VsT. H. WILLS PATENT and PENSION AGENCIES. Wills Building, 312 Ind. Ave., WASHINGTON, D. C. If you wish to know anything about patents or pensions write to the above. They have been in the business continuously since 1882. The Patent Office has over a mil- lion ($1,000,000) dollars to its credit. The Bureau of Pensions disburses about one hundred and forty milli- ons ($U0,000,000) dollars a year. An ad. will brin?; returns. How does this strike you? The SOUTH OMAHA Daily Times is the only general daily news- paper published in a city of 2601 inhabitants. Its various features make it a welcomed visitor to every home in South Omaha, and to hundreds of farmers and stock shippers in Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, Kansas, Colorado, and other cattle- and hog-raising states. Advertising rates very low. SOUTH OMAHA, NEB. 8tf THE WEEKLY SUF, Canada's Great Farm and Home Journal, Published at TORONTO, CAN. Special features. Farmers' market reports, Full and accurate reports of farmers' gatherings. Interviews with progressive farmers on timely topics; stories and selections for the home. No other paper offers so good a medium of com- munication with the best farmers of Canada. 8-tf Perfected Von Gulin Incubator is known pretty well all over the country and has never failed to prove salisfaetor\ when handled "by a person of intelligence and with ordinary attention. We guar antee them to be satisfactory or you needn't pay for them. What's more fair thai this offer, and doesn't it show that we mean what we say as to its merits? Scm for catalogue. The W. T. FALCONER MFC. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. The GOLDEN EGG. Only Poultry and Belgian Hare Journal in the World's Fair City of 1903. Fifty cents the year. It gives us pleasure to send sample copies. Agents receive salary and com mission. The GOLDEN EGG PUB. CO., 815 Chestnut St., , Saint Louis, Mo. _ IS ALL IT TAKES C. TO PAY FOR FANCY FOWLS. The phenominally successful and most widely read poultry organ of the South. Established in 1897, it is a credit to its section, the great and growing South. It is out on time the tenth of each month, is prosperous and responsible. As a low-priced paper it is in a class by itself and is better than most 50c. papers. 36 to GO pages. Largest circulation in its territory of any poultry paper and unequalled as an advertising medium to those want- ing to reach Southern readers. Address, enclosing 25c. in coin or stamps, FANCY FOWLS CO., 8-6t Hopkinsville, Ivy. Over lOO lieadin^ Mag^azines and Neix^spapers for 25 Cents. Send us 25 cents and we will send you by mail *'Tlie Dnion A.'rent " fortimonthV and over 100 leading magazines direct from the publisbers. Think ofit— for 25 cents you receive $lu.00 worth of literature. It will fur- nish you reading mailer for months. You receive such magazines as the Youths^ Com: panion, Century, Review uf Reviews, Woman's Jlnitu Companion, Farm aiid Fireside, Etc. Send today! This oflfer is for this month. When ordering state whether you prefer story papers, relig- ious papers, farmers' papers, labor or any special kind. Do you subscribe for any paper or wish to? Send us the subscription price less 10 per cent, discount from the publishers' price on all papers and magazines. Agents wanted. Tbe Union Ag-ent, Covington, Ky. INCUBATORS ^i^lFARIM SURE HATLH INCUBATOR. uiybody csn ran it, becaute it mosllself. Send for our free catalog and Res for yonrself bow very sucrfssfnl it has been on the farm. It also describee oar Oommon Senrte Foltiing Brooder W< Pay the Freight, SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO.. Clay Center. Nebraska. SUBSCRIBE FOR The Michigan Belgian Fancier The leading Belgian Hare paper, and the only paper in Michigan that devotes its pages exclusive- ly to the Belgian Hare. The right paper for the beginner— for the fancier — for the advertiser. The regular subscription ])rice is 50c. per year. To the readers of this paper who will clip this adv. and return it to us with 10c. in stamps or silver, we will send the paper for one year. Sample copies sent on application. Address The Michigan Belgian Fancier, Htf Ithaca, Mich. AGENTS Wanted in every town for our Washing Machines. You can double your money every time you sell one and they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They are cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free. The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. «^^..;-7 The Iowa Horticultural Paper. Monthlj^, 50 cents per year. It is unique, planned on original lines. You cannot be up-to-date in fruit growing unless you read it. Balance of this year free to new subscribers. THE FRUITMAN, gjf Mt. Vernon, Iowa. High-grade Belgian Hares. We have a fine lot of high-Ki'afle pedigreed Belgians which we will sell at Ix'd-rock prices if taken at once. s ir Britain, a worthy grand- son of Lord Britain in the stud. Write at once and say what you want and we will quote prices. Sample copy of a Farm Paper Free. Red King Belgian Hare Co., St. Joseph, Mo. This is ouly two lines, yet you notice it Others would notice vocKadvt. in The Am. Bee-keeper. BARGAINS £^ in Poultry, Pigeon and H* Hare Books, Papers and Supplies. [I^^ Send for Circular. ^^^ Poultry Item, Fricks, Pa. Go South. The Soil, Climate, Markets and many other advantages invite you. For free copies of Monthly Journal, and for Maps, Plats, Facts. Figures and full information, write A. Jeffers, 851 Main Street, ,,.,t Norfolk, Va. GRANGE LEADERS advise all Patrons of Husbandry to subscribe for OUR GRANGE HOMES. Grange News and Comment, Agric-ulture, Women's Interests. Expert editors in every department, \\ including tlie former lecturer of the National Grange, Alpha Messer. I On trial three months, 25 cents. Boston, Mass. | Record your Poland Chinas in The Central Poland China Record. RULES ETC. FREE on application. W. II. Monis, Secy, Indianapolis, Ind. Record your Berksliires in The National Berkshire Record. RULES ETC. FREE on application. E. K. Morris, Sec'y, Indianapolis, Ind. Record your Chester Whites in The Standard Chester White Record RULES ETC. FREE \V. II. Morris, Sec'y, on application. Indianapolis, Ind. Subscribe for tUe Swine Breeders' Journal. Seuii-monthl.y. 50 cents a year Morris Printing Co., Samx'le Copy Free. Publishers, Indianapolis, Ind. tf The Southern Farmer, ^^ Athens, Georgia. The Leading AGRICULTURAL JOURNAL of the South. No Farmer, Fruit Grower, Stock- raiser, Poultry man. Dairyman or even Housewife can afford to be without this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on appli- cation. Advertising Eates Reasonable. The finest line of Wooden Advertising Novelties, such as Thermometers, Match Safes, Rulers, Yard- sticks, etc. made in the world, is the line manufac- tured by The American Mfg. Concern, Jamestown. N.Y. I America is j O The Great Supply Depot of the World, j ® Tlie farmers must produce them. { I Furnishing the j W How do farmers know what kind { I World With j A of horses to produce ? ( I High-class Horses. •:• -f j © By subscribing for { i Spirit of the West, Des Moines,! 2 iFl.OO per year. The Leading Tn ? 2 Western Advertising Medium. -'•''" ? P^'ARM ONVESTCR and FINANCIAL ■ OUTLOOe<, Publislied once a month, is devoted to agriculture and stock husbandry, also to the interests of the home-seeker, capitalist and investor. Will ktep you posted about desirable farm homes everywhere Free legal column to answer legal questions; will portray the general financial outlook and give crop reports, and will advise the best time to sell stock and grain; in fact is devoted to the best business interests of the American Farmer and tlie realty world. Price 50c. per year in advance. If you desire to purchase a farm, send for catalogue. It you desire to sell, write us in full and save time. Address, BELL BROS., Real Estate and Loan Specialists, and pro- prietors of "Farm Investor," Marysville, Ohio. «afe to place too much dependence on the method until it has been more extensively tried. I believe it is worth trial by every bee- keeper who has to consider the winter- ing problem. It certainly is cheaper than a chaflf hive, and if the better con- dition of colonies thus protected proves to be the rule it will be a decided gain. Another bit of work for early October is the sorting over of all combs that are out of the hives. The full ones or those partly full and sealed are stored away for future use; those having unsealed honey are placed in hives and stacked so all the bees may have ready access to them. As soon as they have been licked clean they are stored away, and together with the combs of honey before referred to, are fumigated. I do not bother with scraping the frames or fixing combs un- til Winter, at which season I have more time and the work is easier because the propolis is dry and brittle. Some cool, dry day in the latter part of the month, I take a pot of thin paint and a wide brush (four to six inches wide) and all hives which need it are given a coat of paint. With such a brush and paint which is mostly oil, it is surprising how few minutes it takes to go over even a big chaff hive, and as for an ordinary dovetailed one it is but the 184 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October work of a moment to do the whole trick. Lastly, I rake up all grass, leaves and twigs so that any chance grass fiires will not run in among my hives and send them up in smoke. Providence, R. I. Sept. 4. 1901. Envy's a sharper spur than pay. And, unprovoked, 'twill court the fray; No author ever spared a brother. Wits are game-cocks to one another. — Oay. UNCAPPED SECTION HONEY. BY G. M. DOOLITTI.E. A CORRESPONDENT writes as fol- lows: "I am told that no section should ever be taken from the hive till fully sealed over. Is this-right? Please answeir in The American Bee- keeper." Asa'general rule this is good advice, but there are times when the yield of white honey is just over and the yield from buckwheat or of dark honey is about to commence, that a loss in price may be the result if this is strictly ad- hered to. Mr. M. Quinby said years ago, and with much truth, too, that all boxes two-thirds sealed over containing white honey, should be taken off before buck- wheat honey was stored in them at the beginning of that yield, as such partly capped boxes of white honey would bring more than when finished with dark honey, thus giving a cake of honey which was neither light or dark, and one which was not attractive in appearance nor agreeable to the taste. But I think I hear some one say, "If I take off honey before all the cells are sealed it is likely to take on dampness from the surround- ing air and thus sweat and become sour?" This is because you are keeping your honey in an improper place, such as a cellar or other cool, damp place, where the 'best of honey will deteriorate after a time and become unfit for food. All honey should be ston d in a dry, airy room which can be kept at a temperature of about 80° to 90° all the time, and in such a place the honey will be growing better all the while, whether sealed or unsealed. In this way it soon becomes so thick that the honey in these unsealed cells will not run out in crating, and if tipped over on the side of the comb, not a drop will be found otherwise than, where it belongs, so that there is no daubing of the sections, hands or crate, ' which daubing is always spoken of as the reason why honey that is unsealed should not be removed from the hives. But, even if you have this unsealed honey in perfect order it is liable to be stored in some damp place while on the market, therefore I would always advise leaving honey on the hives till it is seal- ed, with the exception of times when honey of an inferior nature is likely to be stored with it. But I think I hear another say, "How about the close of the harvest for the year? I have lots of unsealed honey wiien the season closes." My plan of operation to secure all capped sections at the end of the season, as nearly as may be is as follows: When the bees show by lengthening out the cell's along the top bars to the frames that they are securing honey from the fields, I put on five wide frames of sec- tions, each wide frame holding four one- po and sections each, so we have room to the amount of twenty pounds capacity to start with. These are left like this until the bees are well at work in them, when I add two to four more wide frames, placing these at the sides of those first given. When this room is fully occupied I give more room at the sides, to about the same amount given the last time, and where I use the tiering up plan I have it so arranged that I can expand in a small enough capacity so that the bees are not discouraged by having too much room given them at once. By the time the bees fully occupy the room last given them at the sides, the first twenty sections are ready to come off, and when this is taken off the partly filled sections on either side are drawn together over the center of the brood nest, and wide frames of empty 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 185 sections given at the. sides again to the amount which I think they will need. Thus I keep taking off and putting on sections, or rather wide frames of four sections each, taking the finished ones from the middle and putting the empty at the sides, until the season begins to draw toward its close, when, as fast as full wide frames are taken from the center the others aie drawn up till the space is contracted to the original twen- ty sections, or even less if I think it necessary. In this way the bees are given all the space they require at any time, while the chance for many uncapped sections in the Fall is reduced to its min- imum. In order to succeed, even in this way, the locality we are in must be fully understood, else we may be still expand- ing at the very close of the harvest. No bee-keeper should rest easy till he is fully conversant with the locality he is in. and being thus conversant he can use all of his plans so as to meet the re- quirements of his locality. Borodino, N.Y. Much depends upon a man"s courage when he is slandered and (raduced. V\'eak men are crushed by detraction; but the brave hold ou and succeed. — Feltham. "STRAY STRAWS." A Few Paragraphs from Dr. Miller's Department in Gleanings. "We will hazard the prediction that the highest standard of excellence is to be secured through careful selection, rather than through in-and-in breeding," siys the editor of AMf:RicAN Bee-keepek. I'm too much of a coward to say I agree entirely with that; but I'll risk saying that in-and-in breeding is a pretty safe thing for us common bee-keepers to let entirely alone. Robber bees that take stores by force, bee-keepers are familiar with. W. W. McNeal, in American Bee-keeper, calls attention to another criminal class — thieves. They take stores by stealth, and there is no apparent remedy against them. The best-storing colonies are the most likely to be their victims, and Mr. McNeal thinks we should be on the look- out lest these thieves make us err in judgment when deciding upon the best storers to breed from. [There may be something in this ; but how is any one to prove that a certain colony produces large averages by dishonesty rather than by hard, honest toil? — Editor OLeaninys. A.C. Miller, in A:herican Bee-keeper, prefers the Alley plan of rearing queens, and says that by the cell-cup plan " in the hands of any person but those of an expert, there are many chances of pro- ducing inferior queens." I don't under- stand why. With the Alley plan a careless person may have queens reared from too old larva?, a danger not met in the cell-cup plan. But the Alley plan is less troublesome and takes less time. With proper care the best of queens can be reared by either plan. [Our Mr. War- dell, after having tried all plans, prefers a modified Alley plan; that is to say, he uses the Alley method ; but instead of worker he uses drone cells, and, all things considered, he says, prefers them] — Editor Oleanings. When cell-cups are used for queen- rearing, no matter how much royal food is given at the time, says W. W. McNeal in American Bee-keeper, the bees always remove it and in a few hours the larva is left dry. He thinks this is against rearing the best queens, so in about twenty-four hours he removes the larva and substitutes another, which will never be limited in its food. Would it not be cheaper to use the Pridgen plan, taking the cocoon cup with the larva ? In that case I think there is never any stinting. [Some one else, some little time ago, I do not remember who, stated that all the royal jelly will be removed. Possibly there is something in this ; but our Mr. Wardell (•ays that whether it is removed or not. it has a tendency, and a decided one, too, to induce the bees to accept cells so supplied. The Pridgen method would probably be an improve- ment on this.] — Editor Gleanings. The careful bee amidst his work I view. Now from the flow'rs exhaust the fragrant dew; With golden treasures load his little thighs, And steer his distant journey through the skies; — Some against hostile drones the hive defend, Others with sweets the wa.xen cells distend ; Each in the toil his destin'd office bears, And in the little bulk a mighty soul ap- pears. — Gay. 186 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October 1 CD E— ^ r\ I L— CD i Dear Brother Hill: Waugh ! Oh, if I could only get hold of some of the boys and try to punch some plain horse sense into them! Many of them have only one idea, and that's wrong. Yes, I know I'm likely to get into hot water just as that Rhode Islander did, but I don't care; I'm riled clear through and am spoiling for a scrap. The Pai'son has been trying to mollify me, but he rubbed my fur the wrong way, so I mentioned " revivals'" and now he needs mollifying. This long tongue business is all a delusion. After reading much of what has been written about it, one would be justified in believing that the bees' tongue was just a plain, simple sucking tube; and this because some of those awfully care- ful obnervers who have boosted up their own reputations by foisting onto an unsuspecting and simple-minded public, statements of things they mostly guessed at, have said so. T'other folks — the un- suspecting ones — scared at the labor Close Observer says was involved in his investigation, never look for themselves, but go on taking C.O.'s guess for gospel. Then C. O. blandly puts forth some more guesses, pats himself on the back, pock- ets his famous. stipend, and becomes more "For when we risk no contradiction, It tempts the tongue to deal in fiction." Oh, fame, of what flimsy stuff art thou made — a plausible guess, taffy to the editor, a "puff," and there thou art in all thy glory ! Thus art thou created, and on such material thou waxeth fat. But beware the man with the lance of Fact, for if he is ever able to catch the editorial favor, he will puncture thy bag of wind, and of thee naught will be left but malodorous tradition. Brother Hill, did you never notice that that wonderful little tongue of the bee is never used — and cannot be — as the boys use a straw in the cider barrel? Contrariwise, the various parts are kept working in and out just like a lot of little needles in a knitting machine, and it is always the same whether the bee is taking honey from a big drop or is "licking the platter clean." Besides, "tisn't the long tongue that takes the trick, 'tis the hustle. I don't know whether you are aware of it or not, but I surmise that you suspect it, those colo- nies which pile up so much more honey than the rest are the slickest thieves. They should be called "light tongued," and classed with other "light fingered" gentry. I have two of the breed, and as they are marked differently from the rest of my stock, I can spot them on sight, and they are superlative robbers. Oh, yes, they are piling in the honey while the other colonies are running behind. Must be from red clover— isn't anything else in bloom — and none of that. That thoroughbred in Cuba, N. Y., hit the nail on the head when he said 'iwas 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER U the snap and go in the bee that counted. Whew ! but how he wields the "black- jack," vkle A. B. J"., Aug. 1. If I could I'd like to trot a heat with him — think of me trotting! Now, if your brother and sister editors could only corral about a dozen of his blood, what a royal stable youd have. Why, the bee-papers would begin to amount to something; they'd be worth reading. You'll have to hunt quite a while to get a match for him; but you may be able to get some one who will trot a close second. There wouldn't be any more "Please, Mr. Blank, tell me through the columns of the Apiary Breeze what those yellow lumps are on my bees' legs" — followed by a vapid "space filler." If folks would only buy a text book and then read it, they wouldn't weary others and make such shows of themselves ; and if the editors had a little more sand, they'd cut out a lot of "stuff." Some of the papers are getting dryer than an Arizona ranch; they'll take fire spontaneously pretty soon. Some have a string of editoiials which are only "clippings;" others don't even have that, but just have a bunch of "ads" by the business man- ager. One of you editors will go and pay for a good article, the rest copy it ; or worse still, garble it, and then first chap don't pay for any more; and you have all progressed one step forward and two backward. Also the contribu- tor of the good article is disgusted and stops writing. If you doubt it, I will tell you of a host of them. Again, observe how publishers and subscribers are "done.'" Publisher pays regular contributor for an article, sub- scriber pays for his paper : also for several others, whose publishers have done as first one did, then 'tis discovered that R. C. has sent same article to each paper, possibly having shuffled a few sentences. General disgust of publisher and subscriber, and latter drops all or all but one paper. Brace up and get a copyright; own what you print, and go for the thief who steals it, even if he does say "taken from the other fellow." If the nervy editoi's would do that, they'd soon drive out the good-for- naughts all along the line; would bring forth the well-posted, self-respecting bee-keepers in larger numbers, and ever- lastingly bury some of the tiresome "repeaters" who cumber the pages with tales so oft twisted and turned that they are thinner than Hamlet's ghost. "Their copious stories oftentimes begun, End without audience and are never done." The smart bees are thieves, and so, too, are a weary many of their keepers. Aye, they fairly tumble over each other in their haste to steal another's glory in a new idea, be it a machine or an opera- tion. Look at the case of Langstrotli"s hive, Heddon's hive, Alley's trap, Ferris' wax extractor and many others. Just see the attempts to get around a patent by putting forward some poor substitute or worse. (Now don't go and mix this with efforts at improvements; they're differ- ent). Look at the contributions and see how many ideas are stolen and put forth as original; and the editors help it along. They haven't the time to scru- tinize ? What are they for ? Bah ! they are guilty, too. I can't waste any more good ink on your profession. I doubt if there is one who would take my advice if you sent it; they're so bloomin' wise in their own conceit. I'm going after "cats." Those skins that were on the barn when you took the photo were pulled down and eaten by some of the rascally cannibals soon after you were here. They're as bad as some of the bee-men who just live on each other. No! hold! the "cats" are better. Yours as ever, John Hardscrabble. Referring to The Bee-keeper, a Phila- delphia subscriber writes, "The new de- partment is brim full of pointers; you are bringing it up with every issue. It's the biggest fifty cents' worth 'that comes down the. pike.' " 188 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October A NEW QUEEN CAGE AND NURSERY. BY M. F. KEEVE. DR. C. J. MASSENGER, Collings- wootl, N. J., exhibited his Perfec- tion Separable Queen-rearing Nursery at the outing of the Philadel- phia Bee-keepers' Association, at the apiary of H. Horner, on the outskirts of Mt. Holly, N. J., on June 29th. It con- sisted of a bar having fourteen holes, in each of which was fitted a turned hollow wooden plug, having a shoulder on which could be slipped a spiral flexible wire cage, double in the upper portion and about four inches long, tapering to a point. In this could be slipped a pistol cartridge shell, capable of being with- drawn to release a queen after hatching. Each cage being seperable, could be taken out by itself and inserted in any colony by pressing a long wire point projecting from the upper end sideways. The entire sti-ing of fourteen cells could be placed in a hive at once. He said, the wax cells were made by warming wax and pressing it into the wooden cups and using the ordinary forming stick. The larv£e could be transferred by any method. He claimed 50 to 7.5 per cent. would be accepted. After the cells were drawn out the cages were put over them. The cartridge cup was used as a feeder by being filled with honey and sugar. Another advan- tage claimed was in the double spiral. President Townsend exhibited the cups and cells used in " Swarthmore's " sys- tem and explained his separate cage for young queens. Dr. Massenger said there was no dan- ger of bees stinging through the wires of his cage and that the purpose of having the cells so long was to give the young queens plenty of room. The cost was $1.50 per frame. Mr. Horner exhibited a frame of cells and wire cage used in the Pridgen plan of queen-rearing by artificial cup sys- tem of extracted larvaj, with cocoons and also samples of the cup used. He used his nursery altogether in his busi- ness of queen-rearing. He had nine out of eighteen cells accepted, and his best record was twenty-nine out of thirty-six. He preferred to use only one strip of cells to each frame, although two or more could be put on. He showed the process of shaving down very old brood-comb containing larvae which he preferred to other and newer comb, ex- tiacting the larv;B and depositing them in the bottom of each cup. He said there was no necessity for using royal jelly. The bees attended to that. The objections by tlie members present to the Pridgen cage were that the cells were immovable and that Dr. Ma«senger's were superior in being separable. It was suggested that the taper in the wire cells might be dispensed with and the same size wooden plugs be inserted at the bottom as at the top. Mr. Horner's apiary consisting of ninety colonies, located on three ter- races, many having two hive-bodies and two supers, was inspected. He expects to get a ton of extracted honey. He re- queens every year; uses no oilcloth covers, thereby avoiding propolis on the frames, and no division boards, spacing by hand. He prevents swarming by giving plenty of room. Had only one swarm this season. Most colonies W(>re golden Italians. The visitors agreed that this was a model apiary in every respect, particu- larly neatness. Rutledge, Pa. There is no merit where there is no trial: and till experience stamps the mark of strength, cowards may pass for heroes and faith for falsehood. — A. Hill. AUTUMN PASTURAGE. KY HESSIE L. PUTNAM. THE economical stock-rai.'^er makes) use of the fresh growths in- duced by autumn rains, thereby saving his stored fodder and hay until this supply is cut off, or at least damaged. The skillful bee-keeper,while t 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 189 he does not expect the bees to store honey In (]uantity in late Autumn, still tinds many plants which will piece out the bill of fare from day to day and save necessity of drawing upon stored food. Formerly the buckwheat honey was about the last crop of the seasou; but of late years goldenrod, which has sprung up in eveiy fence row and waste place, is really an important factor. The honey is of a clear, amber hue, and of a flavor peculiarly its own, much preferr- ed by some to the dark buckwheat honey. The importance of the goldenrods to the apiarist may be approximated when we consider that there are about eighty North American species of this plant,' forty-seven of which are included in the territory covered by Britton and Brown in their Illustrated Flora. As all save one are yellow and the points of simi- larity are so striking that even amateur botanists frequently experience diiBculty in identifying the various species, those not versed in the science will have little trouble in placing kindred species, one or two leading forms having been learn- ed. As a rule they are tall growing plants. The conspicuous yellow flowers, small heads congregated in clusters, make up the prominent characteristics of the genus. Each little head, when examined closely, will be found to con- sist of tiny tubular or rayed flowers, a trait which marks it as a composite. And then you can notice that most of the Autumn flowers, asters, boneset etc., are also composites; but those in which yellow is the prevailing color, have as a rule a row of large rayed flowers around the margin, like the sun- flower and coreopsis, which the golden- rods have not; so there is little trouble in identification. It is well to add, however, that almost all of the late flowering composites pro- duce honey or pollen, or both, in quan- tities which lure the bees. The tall growing iron-weed, with large heads of purple blossoms, is common in pastures and waste places. There are multitudes of asters; Britton describes over seventy, each of more or less honey value. These vary greatly in form, size and appear- ance, the rays being white, pink, purple or blue. Frost-weed and bee-weed are familiar names for some of the more common species. The pretty little coreopsis or tickseed sunflower of swampy places, the daiidelion, succory or chicory, resembling a dandelion but with blue flowers, each have their at- tractions for the bees. The Spanish needles, the two-tined pitchforked seeds of which cling to the clothing of every one passing, is an excellent bee-plant. Even the vile ragweed ofi'ers pollen in liberal quantities. These and many more composites swell the material for making a living into late autumn days. Vervain, common by the roadsides, cat- nip, lady thumb and the various knot- weeds each furnish their quota; the narrow-leaved plantain, a dooryard pest, is prolific of pollen. And the list might be greatly prolonged. We can rest assured that nature, if not thwarted, will furnish food for the bees until the air is too chill for them to garner it. Harmonsburg, Pa. AN AID IN SETTING FOUNDATION. BY M. F. REEVE. IN placing foundation on the wires in brood or half-depth frames, I find that the embedding can be done much better with the small toothed wheel, used for the purpose, by doing the rolling over a block or board covered with burlap. A piece of tapestry carpet reverse side up, would answer. This is much better than rolling on a board. I cut a board just big enough to fit in the inside dimensions of an empty frame and stretch the burlap over it, tacking around the edges with 3 or 4 oz. tacks; nail this board on a wider piece. After the foundation is secured in the slotted top-bar of the frame, the latter is placed over the "form" or block and the rolling done as usual. 190 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October Th^Kf Bee-keeping World. * SWITZERLAND. Now and then something is said about the blind apiarist of Switzerland. He is not only blind but also crippled. He is very poor and his bees furnish him the best part of his little income. His name is Benjamin Imseng. He lives in the little village of Saas Fee, Canton of Naiais, Switzerland, at an elevation of 5,904 ft. above the level of the sea. The climate at this lieight is very severe. The snow remains on the ground eight months of the year, and the temperature goes down frequently to 25 or 30° below zero. At that altitude the wax moths are unknown; that is one redeeming feature. His method of finding the queen to be killed is quite peculiar. The hive is first removed to another stand, then a comb filled with syrup, is substituted for one of the side frames, from which the bees are shaken back in the hive. When the comb containing syrup is covered with bees, they are shaken off into the colony with which they are to be united, or in a hive on the old stand, if a new queen is to be introduced. The remain- ing combs are treated in like manner until the last one is reached, on which the queen will be found, as she avoids the syrup. At this point his blindness obliges him to kill all the bees on the last comb, to make sure of the queen. He judges the amount gathered from day to day by means of a very primitive machine, with which he can neverthe- less estimate weights as low as three or four ounces. A plank is balanced on a triangular edge. The hive is placed on one end of the plank and stones of known weight near the other end at a point which is as far from that end as half the width of the hive. 9 Mr. Ruffy is a queen-breeder and often sells nuclei with his queens. This, of course, curtails his supply of combs, and he has to fall back on some procc^ss to induce rapid comb building. One of these is to feed the bees the cappings of his extracted honey. He simply presses them into balls and places them in the hive above the brood-nest. It is neces- sary to use the cappings unwashed, otherwise they would not be noticed. Frequently in reading foreign books and papers, we meet with the descrip- tion of some implements or processes that seem at first very imperfect ; but after examination we often find that they are well adapted to certain circum- stances. The hives in use in Europe belong generally to one of two systems of construction. In one the frames are taken out from' the top ; ift the other they are taken from the back of the hive, which forms a door adapted to that purpose. To us who always place the hives in the open ground, the idea of taking the frames from behind looks ridiculous and inould be ridiculous, sure enough ; but the majority of hives in Europe are yet kept in what is called in French "ruchers ;" and the point to which I want to call the attention of the American Bee-keeper readers is that a "rucher" is the best place for keeping bees that I know of. A rucher is not exactly a bee-house, it is rather a bee-shed. The front is formed of three or four strong shelves extending the whole length of the building. On these shelves are placed the hives. The first shelf is about eight or ten inches above the ground ; the second high enough above the first to admit the hives between ; the hives on the third ( or fourth, if there are four)'each nearer the roof. Between the shelves and the back of the building there is an alley or room four or five feet wide. The back and ends of the building are enclosed. A door is put at the most convenient place, generally at one end. A fair idea as to how a rucher looks can De had bv look- ing at the engraving of Gravenhorsfs apiary in the A B C of Bee-culture. Generally the shed faces the south or south-east. All the manipulations, all the work is done from the alley behind the hives, that is, from inside. Under such circumstances the taking out of the frames from behind instead of the tops of the hives is simply a necessity. As the inside of the rucher is compara- tively dark, few bees get in, tiie work can be done without a veil and there is but little danger of robbing. The work can be done in rainy weather as well as in sunshine. That item alone would be invaluable to a queen-breeder. Then, it is more agreeable to work under a shed 1!)01 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 191 than exposed to the hot sun. The pro- tection is an advantage to tlie hives themselves. The expo^sure to the rain and then to the hot sun is not calcuhited to mal\0 a hive or any other wood-work last forever. No trouble about covers warping or leaking; and it is undoubtedly an advantage to the bees. A mere box exposed to the excessive heat of the summer days, the coolness and dampness of the night, thoroughly soaked in rainy days, is not the most comfortable lodg- ing that could be devised. In the Summer the hives in the rucher are protected from the excessive heat ; in the Winter they are sheltered against the high winds, the rain and snow, and are undoubtedly much more comfortable for their inhabitants. No need of the cellar; In the coldest parts of Europe all the packing done consists in putting straw between and above the hives and also behind the latter, kept in place by a few slats or any convenient arrangement. Somebody might ask, how about tiering up supers '? Very little section-honey is raised, it is all extracted. The hives are either two-story, the upper one for surplus ; or one-story with twenty or more tall frames (a dummy is used) something on the Long Idea hive. Some- times strfiw hives or mere boxes. Adrian Getaz. CUBA. A clipping from a newspaper, printed in Spanish, sent us by Mr. Ramon Valdes, of Havana, gives a detailed list of all the bee-keepers and the number of colonies kept in the Province of Pinar del Rio, the total of which is as follows : Six foreigners (Americans), and 1(5.5 na- tives having 3,888 colonies in native or .unimproved hives, and 1,133 improved or imported hives. Several Americans in Cuba have ob- served that bees in that country do not work with the vim of Northern bees ; but. rather, like the people, appear to work from necessity instead of choice. The actuating motive, however, is unim- portant so long as the surplus crop sur- passes that secured in Northern latitudes. Dr. Viete, of Cienfuegos, made the publication office of The Bee-keeper a pleasant call last month. JAMAICA. Being in the tropics, we have no win- ter, and some of our best honey is gathered during the months when bees at the North are under the snow or in the cellar. In November we have the beginning of the flow from the bellflower or "Christmas pop," as it is locally called, which is the same as the bell- flower or Aguinaldo of Cuba, and it lasts through into January, when we get, as a rule, about two weeks heavy flow of logwood. The bellflower flow comes on gradually through November thus giving the apiarist a chance to build up all colonies so they can secure a goodly surplus from bellflower, but be "boiling" with bees when logwood opens up its myriad blooms in January. Bell- flower is not found in all parts of the Island; but nowhere more plentifully than in the district surrounding my own locality. The bellflower Is a member of the morningglory family, and is certainly the most floriferous member, as when in full bloom in December the vines are a mass of white flowers every morning. The bees begin work at daylight or even a wee bit before, and for several hours the bees do a roaring business that gladdens the heart of the apiarist. The flowers not only yield honey, but the bees come in looking like they had just come from a flour barrel, for they are dusted all over with the white pollen; it even interferes with their sight by getting into their eyes so that they often miss the entrance and light on the ground or grass and rub the pollen from their eyes before being able to "see straight." When the "rush" is on, the bees do not bother to bring in much pollen, except on their backs ; but as the flow slacks up for the day, they bring it in freely. By ten o'clock, as a rule, the flow is over for the day, and they have nothing to do until the next morning, and as a consequence I have known them to work like ijeavers in the morning and rob in the afternoon. As this flow comes during our cool weather, the brood-nest is almost sure to be clogged with honey, unless at the be- ginning of the flow the apiarist has watched all colonies closely and given the queen ample >'oom. It is also best to have a young and vigorous queen of good working strain; and if the hive is snug and warm as it should be, the brood nest will not need to be touched, as a rule, after the first two weeks of the bellflower flow, although some colonies will occasionally persist in keeping the brood -chamber filled with honey, ill which case I put a frame of foundation into the center of the brood-nest every 192 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October few days and lift the heaviest combs into tlie super and bees will soon set to In the super and give the queen a chance to do her share of the work properly, which is very essential if we are to har- vest all we should from the logwood bloom. And this is why it is so essen- tial that we have vigorous young queens as we cannot afford the time taken to supersede an old queen just before the honey harvest. Our apiarists are awak- ening to the necessity of having the very best quality of queens; and we are offered daughters of " Root's ftiOO," "Doo- little's best'" etc., by our local breeders. Verily, we are up to date 1 I don't want a guarantee of length of tongue, but queens from a breeder that breeds and breeds for business. At the same time we would welcome bees with longer tongues, if they were an inch longer, for then bees could work on bananas that are in bloom the year round, and yield a bountiful flowof nectar; but as the tubes are about one and a quarter inches in depth, bees have to fight for the oc- casional drop that runs down to where they can get at it. Red clover isn't in it with bananas in yield of nectar — or in length of floral tubes. But 1 fear it will be a long time before tongues are stretched to the requirements of the banana. "Enterprise." GERMANY. Editor Reidenbach recommends in the Phalzer Bienen ZeUung as a remedy for foul-brood the use of either formic acid, thyme oil or formaldehyde. The hive should be burned out with a fire of straw and the wa.\ and honey boiled for three hours. He deems it best to add a 5 per cent, salecylic acid solution while the honey is boiling. Lipps says in the same paper that he; has come to the conclusion the proper time to raise queens is during June and July while the honey-flow is on. lie thinks the work is much pleasanter during such a time and feeding has not to be resorted to, while the queens rais- ed prove more prolific and longer lived. as a general thing. According to Fettei'oll, in the Pluielzer BlenenZeitimg.a queen may be safely in- troduced as follows: " Remove the old queen and substitute the new one in a wire-cloth cage. After twenty -four hours give access to the opening of th(! cage, closed with good candv. Wait one week, then look for brood." [This method works well during the time when honey is coming in, and during the Spring months. If there is a wood stopper in the cage, be sure and have the hole through it large enough. I have had trouble in queens not coming ou*; of cage, and I found them still in the cage at the end of the week. — F. G.J Reidenbach goes Root one better. Root sells his queens according to the length of tongue; Reidenbach according to their weight. The latter has a pair of very sensitive scales and every queen is carefully weighed. The heaviest are marked at fancy prices — perhaps $200 each, I do not know. On these same scales thirty drone eggs were weighed ; they weighed 5 milli- grams; worker eggs the same. Accoi'ding to statistics, the number of colonies kept in Germany has decreased by 300,000 during the last twenty years. i^ The largest apiaries kept in Germany comprise 451, 380, 300, 385, 210, 170 and 150 colonies respectively. 9 In order that a bee may fly she must move her wings very rapidly; so rapidly, indeed, that they Isecome invisible to the eye. It has been figured out by a German scientist that the number of strokes maintained by a flying bee are 440 to the second. The average German bee-keeper can- not understand how it is possible that bees can be handled as rapidly and easily as is reported in Amei'ican bee- jouruals. One American bee-keeper and queen-breeder was recently very severe- ly criticised on account of telling such "awful'" yarns about his queen-rearing methods. The reason why the German bee-keepers are disinclined to believe our reports or statements lies in the fact that the hives they themselves use are con- structed so as to make the handling of the bees about as inconvenient and com- plicated as possible; at least I cannot imagine how better a hive could be con- structed to make it more inconvenient. With such hives it would indeed be very difficult to go through with such opera- tions as even a novice here would not hesitate to undertake. ij Many of the German bee-keepers re- I 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 193 port a good honey season. Gerstung thinks his hive (size of frame principally) is in a groat measure responsible for the high yields obtained. It is said one hun- dred pounds have been harvested from single colonies. -a Rojina, of Carniola, has come to the conclusion that tlie cause of young swarms leaving their hive after being hived is because the bees have not taken a full load of honey with them. When, for some reason, a scant supply is taken along, they are very apt to leave. Whether the bees have their sacs full he can easily tell by their general ap- pearance ; if they have a short supply he gives them a comb of brood and honey at hiving time, and thus prevents their absconding. Q A patent has been applied for by Rave in Ostrum to produce honey by feeding sugar to bees. The bee-keepers have raised serious objections; the patent has not been granted. — Schieswicf Holstein Bleneii Zeitimij. d A large portion of the drones in a colo- ny of bees found by Runk in Grossstein- hausen possess white eyes. Berlepsch and Vogel have spoken of such bees. It it said they are blind. — Phwlzer Biciien Zeitunq. The Boliernian Bienen Vatcr gives a receipe tor discovering adulteration in honey as follows : Mix a small quantity of honey with alcohol and shake well. Let stand a short time. If adulterated, the mixture will show a white sediment. From Bienen Vater, Wien, Austria, ac- corning to Dr. Pachner. one thousand drones use up at least 11.5 grains honey daily. Three thousand drones is no un- common thing in one hive. They would use in five weeks about twenty-five pounds of honey. Instead of three thou- sand drones ten thousand workers might have been raised wliich would not only have saved the twenty-five pounds of honey, but would have gathered quite a little surplus besides. Horvat has found that the pulverized refuse of carbide lamps (acetylene gas lamps) answers better than any other available substance for driving away ants. SAMOA. In Deutsche Illustr. Bienen Zettunci, Hufnagel says he imported the first honey-bees into that Island in 188.5 for the purpose of fertilizing pumpkin, melon and cucumber blossoms. It seems the cucumber growers had to, and did employ women help to transfer the pollen from the male to the female blossoms. This is not necessary now to secure the setting of the fruit and, of course, the credit belongs to the bees. CHINA. When a Chinese bee-keeper builds a new house the wall is so laid as to form a number of excavations two feet high by one foot wide and about three feet above the ground. They are expected to answer as habitation.s'for bees. The openings are closed up with willow-work coated with clay. Only a very small entrance is left for the bees to go in and out. F. Greiner. Books should to one of these four ends conduce: For wisdom, piety, delight or use. — Denham. Bees in a Belfry Cause Trouble. Laurel, Del., Aug. 4. — Edward Hop- kins, sixty years old, sexton of Colfax Chapel, Accomac County, is at the point of death from bee stings, and the village is in a turmoil over his strange case. This morning the chapel bell refused to sound when he pulled the rope, and Hopkins climbed the ladder to the belfry to investigate. In the lofty tower, at the top of a twenty-foot ladder, he was set upon by a swarm of angry bees that had taken possession of the belfry tower and were disturbed by his vigorous pulling of the bell-rope. In his haste to escape the bees, Hop- kins missed the ladder and fell to the timbers of the tower belfry sustaining serious injuries which, together with the poison injected by the stings of the bees, make his case hopeless. The villagers fumigated the belfry, drove out the bees and secured a large quant- itv of honey from inside the chapel bell. — Phila. Ledger. 194 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October BEE-KEEPING AS A SIDE ISSUE, Or a Back-yard Industry— Beginners' Lesson No. 3. BY F. G. HEKJIAN. IT is easy to move and to handle bees when you know how ; but it is the prospect of learning that frightens many people away from bee-keeping. Undoubtedly a bee-keeper often gets stung ; it is useless to deny it. It is scarcely consoling to tell a novice that in time he will grow used to being stung; but after a time a bee-keeper does really become inoculated, after which, although the momentary pain may be sharp, there are no disagreeable after effects such as swelling etc. I myself thought very seriou&ly of having to give up the pursuit after one or two years' experi- ence, for the bees insisted upon stinging me several times in the same spot on the wrist. I carried about a swollen arm for over a week; but it soon wore away and I was troubled no more with bad ef- fects. In fact, I now consider bee stings in moderation good and stimulative, for the bees certainly do insert some of their snap and energy into their keeper. Of course, when handling bees I wear a veil over my face, and liave them always ready for visitors to my apiary ; but I never protect my hands with gloves ex- cepting when I go to my out-apiary, which consists of nearly all black and hybrid bees, some of which are in a liouse, and are sometimes unusually cross, probably made so by the boys throwing stones at the hives. But examining the hives and removing the frames would not be so simple a mat- ter were it not for another implement of the bee-keepers' trade, namely, the smoker. The apiarist would have a dis- tinctly bad quarter of an hour at the hands, or rather, at the stings of his bees if, before beginning his pilferings, he did not send a preliminary puff of smoke from his bellows into the hive. This alarms the bees and causes them to fill themselves full of honev, for the bee is such a miser that her instinct for saving her horde is stronger than even that of self preservation. It has been found tliat when bees are full of honey they do not use their stings so freely as at otlier times, and so the bee-keeper can with perfect security lift out the frame from which they are hanging in groat clusters, brush tliem into the hive and make off with the honey. WU. F. G. HEKMAX. One day, while working in the apiary, a gentleman was watching me. He was curious to know how I managed to get the honey from the hives ; said it must be at night when all the bees are asleep. This, of course, would be the very worst time of all, as bees know nothing about sleep, but labor twenty -four hours a day; for there is plenty of work to be done inside of the hive at night, such as evaporating honey, comb building, etc. It is the custom of tiie bee-keepers gen- erally to select warm and clear days in which to perform the operations of the hive. The older bees which consti- 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 195 tute the field force are out then in quest of nectar and pollen, and the manipula- tions are more easily performed. Bees that are swarming or those which are out in the fields gathering nectar and pollen, very seldom volunteer an attack. Of course, a bee-hive should not be pulled apart every few days from mere curiosity; but examine only occasionally to ascertain their progress. Bees should be handled very gently, for they seem to dislike quick and jerky movements ; and are naturally cross on rainy days. It is wise at such times to let their hives alone. Euglewood. N.' J. Discretion is the perfection of reason and a guide to us in all the duties of life. It is only found in men of sound sense and good understanding. — Bruyere. Cuba, N. Y., Aug. 9. 1901. Editor Bee-keeper, Dear Sir: August Bee-keeper has just arrived, and I hasten to point out where you misquoted me on page 1(52. You say "Mr. Simpson thinks a college education a pre-iequisite to successful queen-breeding." I said, "Mr. A. C. Miller, in May 1st Gleanings, might well make his requirements for a successful queen-bee breeder more com- plete by adding a college education as another requisite.'' Mr. Miller has said in substance that unless the queen-rearer can become an enthusiatic and deep student of biology he had better drop queen-breeding. I thought that with the desire and attainments which would make biology of such interest, a college education might be equally desirable; but whereas Mr. Miller predicted failure for all those who did not possess this knowledge and enthusiasm, I, on the other hand, recognized the value of such favorable attainments, but at the same time distinctly stated that I did not con- sider them necessary, but that I thought that the practical man who does not possess these qualifications, could obtain great results by the aid of the student who is "strong on theory but in many cases prevented from being broadly practical (on a large scale) by reason of occupation or circumstances." When we find colonies of black bees with just the faintest sign of one yellow band, just enough to show that they are not even pure black, but mongrel, doing equal work and showing equal results in com- parison with colonies of pure Italians, of the best strain, produced by careful selection for thirty years, it is evident that the survival of the fittest in nature seems on a par with, if not superior to, all that man lias done in the \vay of breeding bees; and unless we can make a very great advance in bee-breeding, we had better not try to control mating or drone-rearing, but merely let nature do it all. As near as I am able to judge, the great majority of queen-rearers are not possessed with the requisites stated bi' Mr. Miller, and I believe they are incapable of mal\ing the necessary advance without the aid of some who are especially fitted to assist them. 1 would have greatly preferred that some one of greater experience in apiculture should start the discussion; but as no one seem- ed willing, I am endeavoring, in a series of articles, to show several very grave errors which are being continually advo- cated by our highest authorities, and I am also endeavoring to make contribu- tions looking toward a systematic method of breeding, which, though necessarily theoretical, seems logical to me, and I am giving it to the public before I try it, because I am convinced that some of the principles involved will prove help- ful to others ; and it is only by free dis- cussion and by the experiments of many that so broad a subject can ever receive its proper attention. I wish you would read over Mr. Miller's article in May 1st Oleanings, and also the first paragraph of my article and notice how you misquoted me, as it should be corrected. Very truly yours, Frederick B. Simpson. [We hardly think Mr. Simpson intend- ed to accuse us of so dishonorable an act as to misquote, though he pointedly says we did it. The fact is, we did not quote him at all in the objectionable paragraph. We were, doubtless, guilty of riiisconstruiug his language: but we trust this is a pardonable oft'ence. — Editor.] Editor Bee-keeper: The practical confession of Deacon Hardscrabble, in 196 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October September Bee-keeper, that he is moved to labor for the cause through a deep regard for the editor's check, is not altogetlier a surprise. I have always flattered myself I could discriminate be- tween the children of penury and those of a generous, philanthropic spirit. I wonder if the Deacon is attracted by a similar agency to hisother official duties. The man who writes only for money is a twin-brother to him who will preach the gospel only when paid in cash for the service, and an own cousin to the curbstone politician. The bee business needs some things pretty bad just at present; but it isn't more of that class of writers who put their hand to the pen with itching palms, for the paltry returns from the printer. Dr. Johnson, who- ever he may be — and the Deacon, ought to be put in the ice-box, where the tem- perature will correspond with that of their respective hearts. The latter's rigid policy does not accord with the fellow- feeling of the present among bee-keepers. Yours truly, A. Q. Cumber. There is no readier way for a man to bring his own wortli into question than by endeavoring to detract from the wortli of other men. — Tillotson. Lime Honey the Best in the World. The -"tree of a thousand uses,"' as the lime has been called, was formerly plant- ed tn England much more than it is to-day. The little row of pollard limes in front of the old farm house or the substantial thatched cottage is still a familiar sight of unspoiled South country villages, while avenues of tall and ancient limes are very pleasant features of some of the large country houses, the manor houses in particular. It is claim- ed that tiie best honey in the world is made from the limes. Kowno honey is said to be made from no other flower. It is of a greenish hue. In Lithuania there are forests of lime trees and the honey made there is particularly fine.— London Express. The largest beehive in the Wc^st is claimed by Lexington, 111. In the Ipng bridge of the Alton Railroad over the Mackinaw River, a great colony of the insects have establislK'd quarters. The hive is in the main span, which is 120 feet long and the stretch of comb is fully that length. — Baltimore American. PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Editor. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance ; 2 copies 85 cts.; 3 copies, $1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line, !i words; ?2. 00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per cent, for three insertions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the loth of each month to insure insertion in the month following. l^"Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The American Bee-keeper, Falconer, N.Y. 1^" Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. SW Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. l^~ A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your e.irly attention. I Everything appealing in The Bee-keeper should be read; but the wrapper should never be red. Send in your report of the season's operations. Let us know what you have accomplished, and how you did it. Valuable ideas will be imparted and received in this way. I 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 191 A good rucher is said to be one of the most satisfactory things of which an apiarist may become pos- sessed. You don't know what it is? Mr. Getaz tells all about it under the Switzerland heading in this number. Dr. Miller, in Gleanings, asserts a suspicion that the advantages of having but few bees in fertilizing nuclei are somewhat fanciful. Modesty is one of the Doctor's dis- tinguishing traits, and in this instance the virtue stands in such Wold relief as to almost defeat itself. There is something about the duties of the Northern apiarist in the Fall months, as he tucks away his companions of the long and act- ive Summer for their Winter's rest, which borders on solemnity; yet there is that grand awakening of nature a few months hence to which he may look forward, entirely un- known to those of the South- Spring. The chief occupation of the Northern bee this month will be to daub everything accessible with pro- polis and soiled particles of wax, as if to make the interior of its home correspond with the gloomy appear- ance of things without Occasional walks to the entrance to survey the sombre clouds are indulged in when a relaxation of October's chilly winds will permit; while the rest- less movements and antennal gest- ures seems to indicate a degree of anxious suspense as to whether it is to be subjected to a burial beneath promised snow or consigned, with the turnips and pumpkins, to the cellar. Verily, its lot is one calcu- lated to elicit the sympathy and tender care of the worthy master. Mr. Harry S. Howe, in Gleanings, reports the present price of honey in Cuba about 2 4-5th cents a pound, while wax is worth about 27 cents. As a matter of course the question of turning his honey into wax becomes a source of men- tal agitation. It will now be in order for Mr. Hasty to publicly attribute Mr. Howe's genius to im- perfectly balanced "wheels," or a visionary disposition, as was his wont years ago when an effort was being made by some to explain the possible business opportunities afforded in certain parts of Mexico and Cuba by the same project. It is to be hoped that Mr. Howe will pursue the scheme until the extent of its capabilities have been deter- mined. It has every appearance of being worthy of the effort. Mr. Harry S. Howe, under the heading, "Something about the Most Extensive Bee-keeper in the World,"' in Gleanings, discusses the movements of Mr. W. L. Coggshall of New York State. In regard to out-apiaries it is thei'e stated: "He now has them in Wisconsin, New Mexico and Cuba, besides seventeen or twenty in New York. It is said that he also has his eye on the Phillipines, and is planning a sys- tem to keep the boys extracting the year around." For those who regard bee-keeping as having reached its limit and consequently depreciate and discourage all efforts towards increasing and improving our- apicultural literature, there may be some surprises in store. It already begins to look as if Mr. Coggshall had determined that the sun must not set upon his extract- ing crews. More Coggshalls is the one thing of which the operative branch stands most in need at this time. Success to his enterprise! There has for some time been an absorbing controversy betwieen the 198 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October pear-growers and bee-keepers of Tulare County, California, in the vicinity of Han ford. It has been charged by the former that the bees are responsible for the spreading of a disease known as pear blight. Early in the season it appeared that the affair might result in a very unpleasant condition, ex- pression of unkind thoughts having been permitted. In order that the extent of the bees' responsibility might be definitely fixed, the apiar- ists of that section have joined in a project to remove their apiaries beyond the reach of the pear- growing section during the season of bloom. President E. R. Root, of the National Bee-keepers' Asso- ciation, during his recent trip west- ward, visited the scene of conflict- ing interests (or opinions), and was largely instrumental in effecting the adjustment by which the dispute will not only be settled without re- course to law, but through which invaluable knowledge will be gain- ed. Through President Root's ef- forts in behalf of an impartial in- vestigatioii of the subject, the inte- rest of the U. S. Department of Agriculture has been elicited to the extent of an assurance that it will keep tab ou proceedings. The averting of unpleasant legal con- tention in this way has a tendency to make one quite satisfied with his chronological position. In dealing with minds actuated by an appreci- ative sense of common justice, there is no need of lawyers or militia. It is a pleasing sign of times approach- ing. In this instance the very conditions which gave promise of trouble, are now conspiring to yield invaluable knowledge which shall be the heritage of posterity. MR. HERMAN AND HIS TEACHINGS. Mr. F. G. Herman, whose pic- ture ie shown in this number of The Bee-keeper, came to the United States about forty-two years ago. He is a native of New Jersey, hav- ing been born within a half mile of his present home. His occupation has always been that of a cloth finisher, in a factory where lint and dust abounds. About ten years ago he undertook bee-keeping as a sort of recreation during his leisure hours, beginning with one colony in a box hive. This work he has found a pleasant contrast from that of his vocation, being a lover of pure air ani sunshine; and he hg,s succeeded, as his lessons to begin- ners attest. Since his second year's experience, his smallest yield has been twenty-five pounds of sur- plus per colony, Spring count; his largest one hundred pounds. Mr. Herman now has one hundred colo- nies in two apiaries. In this connection we might note that the editor of the American Bee Journal^ who, by the way, is an adept at figures, has given Mr. Herman's lessons in these columns considerable notice, paying especial attention to his August article. We quote: "Let us figure upon this basis and see what Mr. Herman's income should be in five years from now. As the number of colonies doubles each year, his present sixty will in five years increase to 1920, and as each of these 'should bring, in at least five dollars,' his income will be $9, 600, and in ten years from now it will be $307,200." The Jo?M-?ia/ editor then modestly presumes, the occurence of ten good seasons, dur- ing which the harvest will be ten times greater than in the poor sea- sons of which Mr. Herman writes, and has calculated that Mr. Her- man's income in that time would reach a round three millions, to say nothing of the $72, 000 loose change. Our esteemed contemporary further 1!)Q1 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 199 intimates that J. Pierpont Morgan might as well have been a wealthy man to-day had he only held aloof trom dabbling in such small things as bonds, railroads, steel etc., and embarked instead in the bee busi- ness. There can be no doubt that the glowing pictures sometimes painted of bee culture and its profits are open to criticism. The beginner — especially the youthful beginner — may in this way be led to expect too much; yet, with reference to question in hand, we think no bee- keeper of experience would be in- clined to regard $5.00 per colony as big returns. It should always be borne in mind that any business enterprise is subject to adverse con- ditions and casualties. Then, there is the limit of one's personal capa- bilities to be taken into considera- tion. One apiarist cannot prop- erly attend to several apiaries; ex- pense increases in proportion with the stock; forage must also be afforded in equal ratio. One colony might easily produce one hundred pounds of comb honey. This might readily find a market at $16.00; though one does not often hear of an apiary of one hundred colonies yielding ten thousand pounds of honey, and that selling for $1,600. We do not think it has occurred in recent years that any apiaries of one thousand colonies have yielded sixteen thousand dollar's worth of honey in one season, for reasons in- timated above. There is no doubt that Mr. Her- man, as fully as his critics, under- stands and appreciates these facts, and there is no doubt that he would have sought to qualify this particu- lar sentence had he anticipated the inclination of any one to advance the stock of the Joseph Dixon Cru- cible Company through his con- sumption of lead pencils in extend- ing the appplication ad vi^nitum. Prof. Cook, in his "Manual of the Apiary" says: "An intelligent apiarist may invest in bees any Spring, in Michigan, with an abso- lute certainty of more than doubling his investment the first season; while a net gain of 400 per cent, brings no surprise to the. experi- enced apiarists of our State. This, of course, applies to only a limited number of colonies. Nor is Michi- gan superior to other States as a location for the apiarist." In these days of gigantic enterprises, the professor's qualifying clause is next to insignificant, for even the opera- tions of Morgan are "limited." Hence, it would be no less consist- ent to suppose that one might with absolute certainty invest one thou- sand dollars in bees in Michigan or "other States" next Spring, and each Spring thereafter for ten years, invest the minimum limit of his apiarian funds in bees, thus giving him an income of a million for the tenth year, "to say nothing of" $24,000 in "loose change." It is highly improbable that any man has ever realized from his bees in one season a sum of money ap- proaching the amount of this "loose change" which, according to the JoitrnaVs system of overhauling a chain, any intelligent person might be led to regard as a failure, if he should base his project upon so careful a writer as Cook. "There is reason in all things but one," used to be a favorite saying of a venerable associate of our boy- hood days. The "one" exception was a great mystery. All human history attests That happiness for man — the hungry sinner — ■ Since Eve ate apples, must depend on dinner. — Byron. 200 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER October LITERARY NOTES. At a time when all the world is asking, 'What manner of man is our new President ? " Modern Culture reprints in the October number an article entitled "Theodore i>oosevelt — The Typical ivlan of the Twentieth Century," by Day Allen Willey. Of this article the President himself has written: 'T have so genuinely liked that article of yours about me that appeared in Modern Culture, that I must send you a line to tell you so. You have recognized what I was trying to be and to do — no matter how far I have come short in both respects. Let me thank you heartily. Theodore Roosevelt." It was announced several months ago that the editor of The Ladies' Home Journal contemplated making some sweeping changes in his editorial staiT. Up to the present time ten new editors have been added to Mr. Boks corps, and fifteen new de- partments planned for The Journal, a majority of which make their initial ajipearance in the October number. 'The Epicures Map of Europe" is the first art- icle of a series describing the good-liver's tour of Europe. 'For him Europe is no silly checker- board of battles, churches, operas, museums or flirtations. It is studded with siuces. soups, salads, and so on. into entrancing infinity." — Adelaide Keen in October What to Eat. a little more being obtained for fancy; that which does not grade No. I, selling at from 1.3 @ 14 cents, with light ambe- at 12 @ 13c.; dark honey of vari- ous kinds selling at 10 («, lie. Extracted in mode- rate demand at from b^ to (ijijc. for the various grades of white, soma fancy white clover and bass- wood bringing 7c.; light amber ranging from 5'4 ® 59ic. ; dark at 5 (§: 5!4c. Beeswax firm at '2S @ 30c. R. A. BCKNETT & Co. A Send in your subscription to .^4 ^ The ^ Poultry Star. A twenty-page semi-monthly journal devoted to the best interests of the Poultry, Pigeon and Pet Stock Raisers of the world. 25 cts- per year. Sample copy free. Honey and Beeswax Market. POULTRY STAR, WASHIXGTOX GRADING UTLES. Faxcy. — All sections to be well filled, combs straight, of even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise; all the cells sealed ex- cept the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs uneven or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be "Fancy white," "No. 1, dark," etc. DRYDEN, N.Y. * The FERRIS WAX REFINER Below we give the latest and most authentic re- port of the Honey and Beeswax market in different trade centers: Buffalo, Sept. 20 —Honey is in moderate de" mand with moderate supply. Price of fancy comb, 1.') (3! 16c. Extracted, 5 ('f Tc. Beeswax is in good demand with light supply. Fancy, 27 ur 28c.; dark, 22 @ 2.ic. Demand will be light until in October, then liberal amounts can be sold. Battekson & Co. New York, Sept. 21.— Arrivals of comb honey are coming in freely, and in fair quantities. We (juote as follows: Fancy white, 14 (a 15c.; No. 1, 13(5 140.; No. 2, 12c. No buckwheat has arrived ;is yet; but we expect some shortly. Extracted is rather dull, and is bringing i^ & tic, according to (|uality. But little demand for beeswax, at 27^c. jier pound. Fraxcls H. Leggett & CoT Kansas City, Mo., Sep. 20— Our present demand for honey is fair with good supply. White comb sells at 14c.; amber 12)^c. Extracted K @ 7!^. We have a good demand tor beeswax with light supply at 30c. Supply of CO nab honey is large and market one to two cents a frame lower. Hamelix & Sappixgtox. Chicago, Sept. 18, I'.lOl. —Number 1 white comb honey is selling at 15c. per pound with occasionally to be used in connection with steam wax extractors, increases the value of wax two cents a pound and pays for itself in refining fifty pounds of wax. For sale by all dealers or C. G. FERRIS, Richfield Springs. N.Y. OLD MEXICO, " The Land of Milk (\r\r\ TTnnOTr " ^^ to-day a grand field for the dllU iiUUCJ^ , s^ig of all appliances for the proper care of bees and the production of honey. The Mexican Farmer & Stockman, published in English and Spanish at Chihuahua, Mexico, reaches the very class of patrons you de- sire. Parties having bees for sale will take note. Address with stamp for free sample copy. A. B. HULIT, Editor. Southern Farm G-azette, Starkville, Miss., edited by members of the Agri- cultural College Faculty. The only Agricultural Paper published in Mississippi. Subscription price 50 cents for fifty-two copies. If you are interested in cheap homes and rich lands learn about them through the Gazette. Splendid advertising medi-, um. Address, Gazette Publishing Company, starkville. Miss. o ^ Australian Culturist and Poultry Gazette. Also THE APIARIST. Horticulture. Special Industries. (Established 10 years). 20 pages monthly. Subscription 3s. fid. per annum. This journal circulates in all the Austral- asian Colonies, including New Zealand and Tasmania. A good medium to American firms desiring an Australian trade. Head office for Australian Colonies, 162 Queen Street, Melbourne, Australia. 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Give | us a trial ad. and feel what a puller it is. 2 Sample copy for two cent stamp. | People's Companion Pub. Co., j MILWAUKEE, WIS. i Ed. De Longe, Ed. and Pub. 8tf| The only strictly agricultural paper published in this State. The only agricultural paper published every week. It goes to every post office in State of Tennessee and to many offices in Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It is the official organ of the Agricul- tural Department of Tennessee and Live Stock Commission. Subscrip- tion II per year in advance. Tennessee Farmer Pub. Co., 8tf Nashville, Tenn. Poultry and Belgian Hare Standard. Leader on Poultry and Hares; giving the greatest amount of practical instruction each issue — just what every breeder must have to succeed. A text book of 175 pages is given with each yearly subscrip- tion which includes five cents for postage. State whether poultry or hare book is wanted and send fifty-five cents to STANDARD, 512 Hall Building, gtf Kansas City, Mo. Send for our Free Catalogue of many useful articles. Enclose stamp for mailing. MILWAUKEE NOVELTY CO., 8tf Milwaukee, Wis. Asthma Cure Free AQthm^lini^ brings instant relief and permanent cure lllclllC'clotro, Sent absolutely free or) receipt of postal. There is nothing like Asthmaline. It brings instant relief, even in the worst cases. It cures when all else fails. CHAINED FOR TEN YEARS The Rev. C. F. Wells, of Villa Ridge, 111., says: "Your trial bottle of Asthmaline received in good condition. I cannot tell you how thankful I feel for the good derived from it. I was a slave, chained with putrid sore throat and asthma for ten years. I despaired of ever being cured I saw your advertisement for the cure of this dreadful and tormenting disease, asthma, and thought you had overspokeu yourselves, but resolved to give it a trial. To my astonishment, the trial acted like a charm. Send me a full-size bottle." We want to send to every sufferer a trial treatment of Asth- maline, similar to the one that cured Mr. Wells. We'll send it by mail POSTPAID, ABSOLUTELY FREE OF CHARGE, to any sufferer who will write for it, even on a postal. Never mind, though you are despairing, however bad your case, Asthmaline will relieve and cure. The worse your case, the more glad we are to send it. Do not delay, write at once, addressing Dr. Taft Bros.' Medicine Co., io-6t Sold by all Druggists. 79 East 130th St., New York City. Dairymen, Milk Dealers and Creamery men. If you want a paper wholly devoted to your iu- terests subscribe for the Milk Reporter. Every issue contains only Official Statis- tics pertaining to the milk market, iucluding prices, amount carried by different railroad lines and an endless collection of facts and figures. Also special features of the trade, notes and com- ments on recent events pertaining to the business, and in every issue will be valuable instructions or suggestions which will prove an aid to those inter- ested in the products of the dairy from any point of view. Order sample copies and address all communica- tions to The Milk Reporter, Deckertown, N. J. Florin Balm removes paint and grease from clothing, carpets, silk or woolen goods; cures Dandruff and Chapped Hands. 5 oz. box and circular, 50 cts. Agents wanted. McCormick & Greening Co., Box 26, Monroe, Mich. "We have an awful appetite for orders." The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Bee-keepers' Supplies. Jamestown. N.Y. Send us your name and address for a catalog. The Fruit Growers' Journal, is a six column, eight-page journal, pub- lished monthly, at Cobden, Illinois, The Fruit Growing Center of the West. It Is an all-around horticultural, agri- cultural journal, and is devoted largely to transportation and markets. Agents Wanted. Send two cents for sample copy. 13-tf Sold by All Newsdealers Furnishes Monthly to all lovers of Song and Music a vast volume of New, Choice Copyright Compositions by tile most popalar authors. 64 Paps of Piaqo [Husic Half Vocal, Half Instrumental 21 Complete Pieces for Piaqo Once a Month for 10 Cents. Yearly Subscription, $L00. If bought in any music store at one-half off, would cost $5.25, a saving of $5.15 monthly. In one year you get nearly 800 Pages of Music> comprising 252 Complete Pieces for the Piano. If you cannot get a copy from your Newsdealer, send to us and we will mail you a sample free. J. W. PEPPER, Publisher. Elehth a Locust Sts., Philadelphia, Pa- Patent Wired Comb Foundation has no Sag in Brood Frames. Thin Flat Bottom Foundation has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey. Being the cleanest is usually worked the quickest of any Foundation made. Tlie talk about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish a Wired Foun- dation that is BETTER, CHEAPER and not half the trouble to use that it is to wire brood frames. Circulars and samples free. J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Montgomery County, Sprout Brook, N.Y. Please mention American Bee-keeper. Lost! Lost! Are you looking for Friend or Relative? If so, we may be able to assist you in locating them. That is the business we make a specialty of. Address SEARCH, PostofRce Box 850, tf Denver, Colorado. Pigeon Flying! The lending, brightest and best authority on Homing Pigeons in America. Charles IT. Jones, Editor and Publisher, lO So. Broad St., Philadelphia. Sole Manufacturer of National Association bands, also initial, seamlt'ss and open bands for dragoons, carriers and all kinds of toy pigeons- Aluminum Seamless bands for Homers and Toys • - - - *2 50 per 100 Aluminum Seamless bands for Dra- goons and Carriers - • • li 00 Seamless German Silver bands - - 2 00 Open bands— German Silver - 1 00 Countermarks • - - - 80 Countermarks, Aluminum, very light 1 00 No extra charge for Initials. All bands are registered for future reference. No samples sent unless price of bauds and cost of mailing is remitted. All kinds o£ rubber stamps and figures for mark- ing pigeons. Send stamp to the above address for illustrated catalogue for all appliances i>ertainiug to pigeons. 12-t£ 100 1(10 100 100 100 The Nebraska Farm Journal A monthly journal devoted to agricultural interests. Largest circulation of any agricultural pa- per in the west. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb. More Bee-keepers' Paradises. E. R. Root has just returned from a 6,000-mile trip through some of the best bee locations in the world, and has already begun his series of \ write-ups, accompanied with fine photos, in GLEANINGS IN BEE CUL- i TUREi The following editorial appears Aug. 1st, and will give some- thing of an idea of what he will describe: Some little time ago I promised to tell about the bee-keepers' paradises in Texas. I have this on the docket, and it will appear as I take up the line of my travels. But since running across that paradise I have run into two or three others. There is one West of the Rockies, in Colorado, that is not yet overstocked with bees or bee- keepers; another one in central Idaho — in fact, I do not know but the whole State. These will be described in turn. The fact is. millions of capital are being invested in irrigation; irrigation means alfalfa; alfalfa means a paradise for bees. But I foTuid all along my trip that alfalfa-growing preceded bee-keeping by two or three years, for it seems to take about that length of time before the bee-keepers find, these gold mines that have been hitherto unoccupied. If you are dissatisfied with your present location, and for financial reasons, or on account of health, will be compelled to leave, subscribe for GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE and learn something about the great South and the great West. There are many locations in the West that are not yet occupied — splendid bee locations. If you wish to learn about them, send 15 cents for a three months' trial subscription, or 3.5 cents for a six months' trial, or $1.00 for one year and one untested Italian queen. Or send fS.OO and we will send GLEANINGS one year and one of our cele- brated red-clover queens. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio, U. S. A. % Looking Backward? We think not. The West is the direction to look forward to for business. Have you either Bee or Poultry Supplies, or Stock, that you wish to sell in the West ? The OREGON POULTRY JOURNAL is the best medium of its class through which to rjiich breeders. The OFS'ICIAL ORGAN of the Oregon State Poultry Association. -Advertising rates on application. Subscription 50 cents per year. Address C. D. MTNTON. Manager, stf Salem, Oregon. Wanted, Local Managers, to organize and take cliarge of braiicli Kabbitries all over the U. S., Canada. Me.vico, •est Indies and Central America. J. V. Cortlez represents us at Manila, Phillipine Islands. Send stamp for Large Free Book, particulars, and sample copy of Best Belgian Hare and Poultry Faper in'the world. Eastern Imp3rting& Breeding Co., 10 tf Belfast, Maine. BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. This cut represents our Combined Machine, which is tlie best machine made for use in the construction of Hives, Sections, Boxes, etc. Sent on trial. Send for Cata- logue and Price List. W. F. & John Barnes Co., 91.3 Ruby St., Rockford. Typewriters ♦^ and Cameras. ♦ If any reader of Thk Bee-keeper is contem- plating the purchase of a photographic outfit or a writing machine, I should be pleased to have him correspond with me before placing an order for either. I am in a position to offer new instruments of the highest grade, direct from the manufac- turers, at the lowest possible prices. Respectfully, :i-tf. H. E. Hill, Ft. Pierce, Fla. THE NATIONAL LAND LIST. The only genuine real estate paper now publish- ed in America. It circulates in every State in the Union. Parties interested in buying, selling or e.\changing land, merchandise or other property will find what they want in "The National Land List." It is jam full of special bargains and offers of exchange. Single copies by mail ten cents. Address The National Land List Publishing CO-, bit nid liclgiau Hai-elorPliasuM; or Pi-citit, Cffli edilioa Kiw ready. niiLly illusi raicd. enlarged, fine paper, up- i-dale. witli lircedci-s directory, etc. Price Z> cents. THE PlGhON; How to Select, Breed and Manage the Pigeon for . PlciisnreorProtit, l)y A, V. Meer- H'li. Piofiiscly illusi latod, treating the sulijoct in a horough and concise niauner. theaulliorha\ iugniany tears experience in U.S. aud England Price 2.^icts. __... PAPER.ilUisfd. 94 pages, as cents per year. 4months' trial lOcents. _ Sample free. 61-page- practical loultry book free to yearly subscribers. Book alone 0 cents. The paper one year and eit berS.') ct. book for 10 cts., or all above for 60 cts. Catalogue of poultry jooks free. American Poultry Advocate, Syracuse.NY 8-12t BETTER THAN A GOLD MINE. MONEY IN HENS. too per ct. pi ofit by our own method ; all explained in our POULTRY Book (The Book of Books for all Poultry Keepers). Astonishing results. Will surprise and please you. BOOKLET KKEE TO EVERYBODY.-or Big Poultry Book with our Poiiltrv Paper, 3 nios. for 10 cents. Address, W. P. CO., Box 125 Clintonville, Conn. The CRITERION. $1.00 yer Year. Ten Cents a Copy. The best illustrated monthly magazine of the kind published. Its pages are filled by a brilliant array of writers and artists. Its authoritative and indepjndent reviews of books, plays, music and art its clever stories, strong special articles, liumor and verse, with fine illustrations, make it a necessity in every intelligent home. The very low subscription price — $1.00 per year — puts it within the reach of ail. Reliable agents wanted in every town. E.xtraord- inary inducements. Write for particulars. A trial subscription will prove it. Write to-day for sample copy. Criterion Publication Co., Subscription Dept. 41 E. 21st St., N.Y. City 4 4t. eom Everyone sending 35 cents now for one year's sub- scription to the EQQ RECORD and ACCOUNT BOOK given away. Canadian Poultry News, (a k; to 20 page journal devoted to poultry, pigeons and pet stock) will receive a copy of the new Canadian Poultryman's Egg Record and Account Book FREE. Just the thing everybody should h:ive. Qj. ggQ(j 45 (jgjj|;g and get the NEWS from June, 1901 to Jan. 1, 1903, and an Egg Record and Ac- count Book. Address at once, ROBT. R. CAMERON, Canadian Poultry News, ff Owen Sound, Ont., Can. A Perfect System. THE ROYAL TEMPLARS have placed their system of protection on a foundation so broad and deep that it shall stand long after all other systems have passed away and are forgotten, and will insure the widow and orphan the fulfillment of the provision made to se- cure them from the cold blasts of want by the loving forethought of the husband and father, who has been removed by the hand of death. What it Provides. All the social enjoyments of a Grand Fraternity. All the financial protection of a power- ful Life Insurance Corporation. Aid to the bereaved family in making prompt payment of every just claim, tf WHEN YOU DROP A DOLLAR it is a good plan to look where it strikes, that you may pick it up again. When you invest a dollar for advertising space in Poultry Pointers, at our special rate, it is just like dropping a dollar where you can pick up TWO. Write at once for sample copy, special rates and full particulars to fOULTRY F-OINTERS Office. 5tf 306 West Main Street, Ionia, Mich. The Record. The Oldest and Leading Belgian Hare Journal of America and ; England. R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher, The only journal having i an English Belgian Hare ' Department. One copy worth the yearly subscription. ^ If interested, don't fail to r send 2-cent stamp for sample copy at once. Address, R. J. FINLEY, 12 MACON , MO. I Overstocked ''"!' Bee Hives! I am overstocked with hives. Will sell two thousand at Prices you cannot duplicate. St. Joe, Dovetailed, Wisconsin, Cham- pion, or Langstroth Simplicity. Ask for prices and say how many you want. Can ship at once. Can Save you Money. No difference where you live. Other goods as cheap as anybody. SUPPLY BUSINESS for sale cheap. Address Emerson T. Abbott tf ST. JOSEPH, MO. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. 11.00 a year. Address, CONNECTIOUT FARMER, tf Hartford, Conn. When writing to advertisers say: " I saw your adv't in The AMERICAN Bee-keeper." PATENTS Caveats, Trade Marks Copyrights and Designs Send your business direct to Washington Saves time, costs less, better service My office close to the U. S. Patent Office. Personal attention given. Tvv'enty years' experience. Book "How to Obtain Patents" etc., sent free. Patents procured throush E. G. Siggers receive special notice, witliout cliarge, ia the INVRNTIVR AQR. Illustrated Monthly. Twelfth year. Termsjlayear E. G. SIGGERS, <.il8 F street N.W. 'J Washington, T). C. Still 10c. a Year. Until further notice you can still get the POULTRY, BEE AND FRUIT JOURNAL for 10c. per year. Or by getting four of your friends to send with you, we will either extend your subscription one year or make you a gift of a good poultry book. Send to-day — NOW — before it is too late, as this offer may be withdrawn at any time. Send your dime and get the neatest, boiled down, right-to-the-point, stop-when -you' ve-said-it m o n t hly journal an entire year. Thirty words in Breeders' Column for 25c. Dis- play advertising 75c. per inch, net. No discounts for time or space. A guarantee of satisfaction written in every contract. Poultry, Bee and Fruit Co., Davenport, Iowa. Mail Order Dealers, in fact all advertisers will find THIS AND THAT a splen- did medium for results. Give us a trial and be convinced. Rates, for a short time only, 5 cents per non- pareil line. Circulation 10,000. Address, T. Fortson Pruett, Publisher. Sidney, N. Y. SEE! The Belgian Hare Advocate is a large 16 page, 64 column mag- azine, published monthly at twenty- five cents a year, and if interested in this new and popular industry you certainly should subscribe. Edited by a practical breeder in the interests of the Belgian indus- try, Poultry and Pet Stock. Subscription and advertising at live and let live prices. Our motto Your money's worth every time. The Belgian Hare Advocate, PONETO, IND Ruths Belgian Hare Directory, price 10 cts. The Advocate one year and Directory for only 30 cts. Homes in Old Virginia- It is gradually brought to light that the Civil war has made great changes, freed the. slaves, and in consequence has made the large land owners poor and finally freed I the land from the original owners who would not sell until they were compelled to do so. There are some of the finest lands in the market at very low prices, lands that produce all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits, and berries; fine for stock. You find green truck patches, such as cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale, spinach, etc., growing all the win- ter. The climate is the best all the year around to be found, not too cold nor too warm. Good water. Healthy. Railroads running in every direction. If you desire to know all about Virginia send 10c. for three months subscription of the VIRGINIA FARMER to Farmer Co., Emporia, Va. There is no trade or profession better catered to by good journals than that of the farmer. Unin- telligent unprogressiveness has now no excuse. ALL LOWERS OF MATURE "^'^^"'^'''^^^irfhTXressof BIOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, BOTANY, MINERALOGY, ASTRONOMY, ENTOM- OLOGY, PHOTOGRAPHY, CHEMISTRY, HYGIENE, HEALTH, etc., should not fail to secure, as a regular visitor to their home, Popular Science News, Instructive. Of great value to teachers, and x^ersons engaged in educational work. Interesting. To further introduce this magazine, ani to induce many to subscribe who are not now readers of POPULAR SCIENCK NEWS, the publishers have secured special terms whereby they are enabled to make the following SPECIAL COMBINATION Q FFE R ^O"" ^''^ ^"°'"" "'^'""'^^ POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS [new] six months $0 80 Review OK Reviews [newj " " 1 2.'> SrrCESs [new or renewal] " " 0 50 The America.v Bee-keepek [new]. " " 0 25 All Four for $1.68. *2 80 All Four for $2.85. or POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS [new] one year |1 60 Review OF Reviews [new] " " 2 50 Success [new or renewal] " " 100 The A.MEUiCA.v Bee-keeper [new] " " 0 50 $5 t>0 Subscriptions may bj sent to one or different addresses. Subscriptions to the Review of Reviews, Popular Science News aud The American Bee-keeper must be new, but subscriptions to Success may be either new or renewal. Whenever possible remittances should be made by check or money order payable to Popular Science News. If money is sent the coin should be gummed to a piece of cardboard before l)lacing in envelope, to insure safety. Foreign postage extra. Address all communications to tf POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS, I08 Fulton St., New York City. Bee-keepers who also raise Poultry should not fail to read The PRACTICAL POULTRYMAN, It is thoroughly reliable, always interesting and practical, and each issue is worth a year s subscription. Samplecopy for the asking. Advertising in it pays, because it reaches buyers. PRINTING FOR FANCIERS our specialty. Everybody suited with our work and pleased with our low prices. Samples and price list free. Address PRACTICAL POULTRYMAN, Ktf Whitney Point, N.Y. FLORIDA MAGAZINE. An Illustrated Monthly. One Dollar a Year. G. D. ACKERLY, Publisher, Jacksonville, Florida. ^^f Establish- ed 18 ye.T rs. PAEK NUKSEKY -^KB^^r^' Supply Depot. Send for valuable circulars at once. Many reasons why you should buy here. E. 6. MENDENHALL, Proprietor, Kinmundy, Illinois. Beeswax ¥fanted We will pay 26 cents cash or 28 cents in goods for good q^fl^X °* Beeswax, freight paid to FALCON- ER, N.Y. If you have any, ship It to us at once. [Prices subject to change without notice.] The W.T. Falconer Mfa:. Co. W. M. Gerrish, East Nottingham, N. H., keeps a complete supply of our goods, and eastern customers will save freight by ordering of him. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. ECCS IN WINTER Are easily ohtained under right conditions and proper allention. Subscribe for our poultry paper and learn how. 25 cts. a year. Sample copy free. THE POULTRY ITEM, Box 190, Fbicks, Pa. BEE SUPPLIES from LEWIS They are the finest. THOUSANDS OF BEE HIVES, MILLIONS OF SECTIONS, Ready for Prompt Shipment. G- B- LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis Branch: G. B. LEWIS CO., V.) So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every NEW SUBSCRIBER sending $1.00 for the WEEKLT American Bee Journal for one year will receive a copy of Newman's 1«0 page "B.es and ioney"?ree. The old American Bee Journal is great th.s year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Journal free. Wnte for .t. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairjman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 189T. Circulation 5,000. Devoted exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. ISRAEL, jtf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. HELLO! 3tf If you are not a subscriber t« The Poultry Industry, ''^%X silver, and get this vigorous up-to-date poultry journal one whole year. Every copy is worth the year's subscription price. The Poultry Industry, Box 218, Gouverneur, N.Y. One Year 10c. Do you want some good pure bred POULTRY? We can furnish you ECCS FOR HATCH- ING froui fine White Wonder fowls, R. C B. Leg- horns, B. P. Rocks, Partridge Cochins; S. L., Gold- en and Black Wyandottes, Toulouse Geese, Rouen Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want something good send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, itf The Eureka Poultry Farm, Established 19 years. Hamburg, Wis. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S. BEGINNERS. should have a copy of The Amateur Bee-keeper, a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "It is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price 34 cents; by mail 28 cents. The little book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, (a live, progressive, 28 page monthly journal,) one year for 65c. Apply to any first-class dealer, or address LEAHY MFG- CO., HiggmsvUle, Mo. CLUBBING LIST. We will send The American Bee-keepek with ^ljg_ PRICE BOTH American Bee Journal *1 CO $1 35 Bee-keepers' Review 1 00 1 35 Canadian Bee Journal 1 00 ^ ^^ Gleanings in Bee Culture 1 00 1 35 American Queen 50 60 Modern Culture ^ "0 ^ 0° BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long experience, should have at least one good text book upon the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee-keeping. In ordering by mail be sure to add the amount of postage named: ^^^^^^^ Price, extra. A B C of Bee Culture (A. I. Root) , cloth $1 00 20c. Bee-keepers' Guide (Prof. A. J. Cook) 1 00 15c. Langstroth on Honey Bee, rev. (Dadant) 1 10 15c. Quinby's New Bee-keeping (Quinby) . . 1 40 10c. Thirty Years Among Bees (Alley) 48 2c. How to Manage Bees (VandrufE) 25 5c Amateur Bee-keeper (Rouse) 20 5c. The W. T. Falconer NIfg. Co., Jamestown, N.Y. Incubator Free on trial. The PERFECTED YON CULIN ^INCUBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every hatchable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator Prices $7.00 up. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y. Another big Offer! As I have explained in previous advertise- ments, the publisher of a good journal can afford to make liberal offers for the sake of getting his journal into new hands. I have in the past made several such offers, but here is one that I consider especially liber al. If you are not a subscriber to the Bee-keepers' XieVieW, send me $1.30 and I will have your subscription to The American Bee-keeper renewed for one year, send you 12 back numbers of THE REVIEW, and then THE REVIEW for all of 1901. Remember two things : You must be a NEW subscriber to THE RE- VIEM'^, and the order must be sent to W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railwa}^, Perrine Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. i2tf UNITED STATES BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. Secretary— Dr. A. B. Masor, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. General Manager and Treasurer — Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, la Jf Tf If, BINGHAM I I J has made all the im- ' provements in Bee Smokers and Honey Knives made in the last 20 years, undoubtedly he makes the best on earth. Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail $1.50 3^ inch MO Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.00 2^ inch 90 T.F.Bingham, V?,f^--^- ■■:;■■■■ il _ ■■ «■■ . Lattle Wonder, 2 in. .65 Farwell, Mich. American Poultrtj Farm, F. M. Munger & Sons, DeKalb, 111., Breeders of LTwhitePlymouth Rocks, Silver and White Wyandottes, White and Brown Leghorns, Golden Seabright. Bantams, Pearl Guineas, Bronze Turkeys, JERSEY CATTLE; also Pedigreed and imported BELGIAN HARES, of "Champion Fashoda," Champion Dash," "Champion Yukon," "Champion Edenboro" and other best imported strains. Twenty-five years experience in breeding. stock and Eggs for sale at all times. Circular and prices on application. 12-tf Ente ed at the Postoffice, Falconer. N.Y., 's sjcon - lass m if !cr. Our fee returned if we fail. Any one sending sketch and description of any invention will promptly receive our opinion free concerning the patent- ability of same. "How to obtain a patent " sent upon request. Patents secured through us advertised for sale at our expense. Patents taken out through us receive special notice^ without charge, in The Patent Record, an illustrated and widely circulated journal, consulted by Manufacturers and Investors. Send for sample copy FREE. Address, VICTOR «/. EVANS & CO,, {Patent Attorneys,) ^vans Building, - WASHINGTON, D, C, ^ INVESTIGATE BEFORE YOU BUY. We want our customers to be perlectly satistied before thej spend the'r money. Investigate the claims of all incubators and then decide. We believe you will find that tlie SURE HATCH INCUBATORS AN» C4KMMON 8K1NSE FOLIUNG TtROOOEKS arr: giving better satisfaction than any other made. It's because they are so simple, sensible and »iirc. They are buiJt tor busy people, «■ ho haven't time to fnss and bother. Our C£ttalOffUe Is F1{.K£. We liou't ask vnu to pay for it. Isn*t i t worih examining 1 SURE HATCH INCUBATOR COMPANY, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA. Are you looking for a Home ? Do you wish to make an investment? Have you any property which you wish to sell ? No farmer should think of buying a home until he has secured a copy of the FARM AND REAL ESTATE JOURNAL. It has the largest list of farms advertised in it of any paper published in the State of Iowa. It reaches thirty thousand readers each issue. It is one of the best papers to advertise in that there is published in the State of Iowa. It has a circulation in nearly every Slate in the Union. Every man who handles real estate should be a subscriber to this Journal. He will find that it will put him in the way of making enough deals the first month to more than thirty times pay him for what the Journal would cost him for one year. Send 75 cents and we will mail you the Journal one year, or for ten cents in silver or stamps we will send yon the Journal two months on triaL, Advertising Kates only ten cents per line for one month. Address ^ THE FARM AND REAL ESTATE JOURNAL, Traer, Tama County, ia. ; gmi!!!i!!iii!i!fii!HM(iiimii!!iii!»itmm!i!iiiniiniinniiiiiiitm!n!iiiiiiMiiii!!i!iitiri!iiimii!imi!f!i[n!tiiiiniti»tintiiitiiinf^ |The Lamp of Steady Habits| The lamp that doesn't flare up or smoke, or cause you to use bad language ; the lamp that looks good ■when you get it and stays good ; the lamp that you never willingly part with, once you have it ; that's Other lamps may be offered you as " just as good " — they may be, in some respects, but for all around goodness, there's only one. To make sure the lamp offered you is genuine, look for the name on it ; every Wew ESoc^ester lamp has it. We make oil stoves too, just as good as the lamps ; in fact, anything in oil or gas iLxtures. The Rochester Lamp Co., 38 Park Place and 33 Barclay St., New York. TER. 3 ~iuiiiiiiuiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiitiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiinuiiuiiiiiiituiiiiiiiitiiiiiiu»iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiitihUi^lllimifi Asthma Cure Free Asthmaline brings instant relief and permanent^ cure in all case^. POR TEN YEARS Sent absolutely free or) receipt of postal. There is nothing like Asthmaline. It brings instant relief, even in the worst cases. It cures when all else fails. The Rev. C. F. Wells, of Villa Ridge, 111., says: ■•Your trial bottle of Asthmaliue received in good conditiou. I cannot tell you how thankful I feel for the good derived from it I was a slave, chained with putrid sore throat and asthma for ten years. I despaired of ever being cured I saw your advertisement for the cure of this dreadful and torraeutnig disease, asthma, and thought you had overspbken yourselves, but resolved to give it a trial. To my astonishment, the trial acted like a charm. Send me a full-size bottle." We want to send to every sufferer a trial treatment of Asth- maline similar to the one that cured Mr. Wells. We'll send it bv maU POSTPAID, ABSOLUTELY FREE OF CHARGE, to •inv sufferer who will write for it, even on a postal. Never mind, though you are despairing, however bad your case, J^t^^m^e will relieve and cure. The worse your case, the more glad we are to send it. Do not delay, write at once, addressing Dr. Taft Bros.' Medicine Co., |-6t Sold by all Druggists. 79 East 130th St., New York City. Dairymen, Milk Dealers and Greamerymen. If you want a paper wholly devoted to your in- terests subscribe for the Milk Reporter. Every issue contains only Official Statis- tics pertaining to the milk market, iucluding prices, amount carried by different railroad lines and an endless collection of facts and figures. Also special features of the trade, notes and com- ments on recent events pertaining to the business, and in every issue wiU be valuable instructions or suggestions which will prove an aid to those inter- ested in the products of the dairy from any point of view. Order sample copies and address all communica- tions to The Milk Reporter, Deckertown, N. J. Florin Balm removes paint and grease from clothing, carpets, silk or woolen goods; cures Dandruff and Chapped Hands. 5 oz. box and circular, 50 ds. Agents wanted. McOormick & Greening Co., Box 26, Monroe, Mich. "We have an awful appetite for orders." The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Bee-keepers' Supplies. Jamestown, N.\ . Send us your name and address for a catalog. ALL LOWERS OF NATURE ^^^'^^^^'^^'^^^in'f.TXressof BIOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, BOTANY, MINERALOGY, ASTRONOMY, ENTOM- OLOGY, PHOTOGRAPHY, CHEMISTRY, HYGIENE, HEALTH, etc., should not fail lo secure, as a regular visitor to their home, Popular Science News, Instructive. Of great value to teachers, and persons engaged in educational work. Interesting. To further introcluc" this tnacazino, nni to induce many to subscribe who are not now readers of POPUL.Mi St'IKNCK NEWS, the iiiiblishers liave secured special terms whereby they are enabled to make the following SPECIAL GOMBIMATION 0\=f=^R ior the SummeT months: POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS [new] six months $0 80 Revikw t)t' Reviews [newj " " 12.') SrrcKSS [new or renewal] " " .0 50 The AviEKiCAN BEK-KEEPliit [new]. " " 0 2.J All Four for $1.68. *2 80 or POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS [new] one year $1 HO Review OF Reviews [new] " " 2 50 Success [new or renewal] " " 1 00 The A.MEKICAN Bee-keepek [new] " " 0 50 All Four for $2.85. $5 60 Subscriptions may be sent to one or different addresses. Subscriptions to the Review of Reviews, Popular Science News aud The American Bee-keeper must be new, but subscriptions to Success may be either new or renewal. Whenever possible remittances should be made by check or money order payable to Popular Science News. If money is sent the coin should be gummed to a piece of cardboard before placing in envelope, to insure safety. Foreign postage extra. Address all communications to tf POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS, I08 Fulton St., New York City. Bee-keepers who also raise Poultry should not fail to read The PRACTICAL POULTRYMAN. It is thoroughly reliable, always interesting and practical, and each issue isworth a year's subscription. Samplecopy for the asking. Advertising in it pays, because it reaches buyers. PRINTING FOR FANCIERS our specialty. Everybody suited with our work and pleased with our low prices. Samples and price list free. Address PRACTICAL POULTRYMAN, stt Whitney Point, N.Y. FLORIDA MAGAZINE. An Illustrated Monthly. One Dollar a Year. G. D. ACKERLY, Publisher, Jacksonville, Florida. ^^ Establish- ed IS years. PARK NURSERY ^'I^l^^r' Send for valuable circulars at once. Many reasons why you should buy here. E. G. MENDENHALL, Proprietor, Kinmundy, Illinois. EGQ RECORD and ACCOUNT BOOK given away. Everyone sending 35 cents now for one year's sub- scription to the Canadian Poultry News, (a k; to 20 page journal devoted to poultry, pigeons and pet stork) will receive a copy o£ the new Canadian PouUryman"s Egg Record and Account Book FREE. Just the thing everybody should ^'•'^''- Or send 45 cents and get the NEWS from June, 1901 to Jan. 1, 1903, and an Egg Record and Ac- count Book. Address at once, ROBT. R. CAMERON, Canadian Poultry News, tf Owen Sound, Ont., Can. A Perfect System. THE ROYAL TEjIPLARS have placed their system of protection on a foundation so broad and deep that it shall stand long after all other systems have passed away and are forgotten, and will insure the widow and orphan the fulfillment of the provision made to se- cure them from the cold blasts of want by the loving forethought of the husband and father, who has been removed by the hand of death. What it Provides. All the social enjoyments of a Grand Fraternity. fll the financial protection of a power- Life Insurance Corporation. Aid to the bereaved family in making prompt payment of every just claim, tf WHEN YOU DROP A DOLLAR it is a good plan to look where it strikes, that you may pick it up again. When you invest a dollar for advertising space in Poultry Pointers, at our special rate, it is just like dropping a dollar where you can pick up TWO. Write at once for sample copy, special rates and full particulars to I^OULTRY POINTERS Office. 5tf 306 West Main Street, Ionia, Mich. The Record. The Oldest and Leading Belgian Hare Journal of America and England. R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher, The only journal having an English Belgian Hare Department. One copy worth the yearly subscription. If interested, don't fail to send 2-cent stamp for sample copy at once. Address, R. J. FINLEY, 12 MACON . MO. Overstocked 'i«^ Bee Hives! I am overstocked with hives. Will sell two thousand at Prices you cannot duplicate. St. Joe, Dovetailed, Wisconsin, Cham- pion, or Langstroth t^implicity. Ask for prices and say how many you want. Can ship at once. Can Save you Money. No difference wh<'re you live. Other goods as cheap as anybody. SUPPLY BUSINESS for sale eheap. Address Emerson T. Abbott, tf ST. JOSEPH, MO. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. $1.00 a year. Address, CONNECTIl^UT FARMEK. Hartford, Conn. tf When writing to advertisers say: "I saw your adv't in The American Bee-keepek." Great Clubbing Offers. My friends, how many of you are reading some of the many, most ex*- cellent magazines of the day? If you are reading none, you are missing a great ti'eat. Perhaps you regard them as luxuries. Possibly they are in some instances. They certainly help to fill out our lives, and give to us broader views. They are like windows that allow us to look out over the wide world. This life is not wholly one of dollars and cents — at least it ought not to be. Enjoyment,, pure and simple, enjoyed just for the sake of enjoyment, is desirable and beneficial. To many there are few 'things that are more enjoyable than the bright pages of a really good magazine To those who wish to give the magazines a trial, and to those who are already reading them, I can offer some of the lowest clubbing rates that have ever been offered. Here is a list of magazines, together with the regular prices at which they are published: Review of Reviews $2. 50 Current Literature 3.00 New England Magazine 3.00 Leslie's Weekly 4.00 North American Review 5.00 Cosmopolitan $1.00 Leslie's Popular Monthly.... 1.00 The Household 1.00 Good Housekeeping 1.00 The Designer 1.00 Success 1.00 If you subscribe for one or more of these magazines, in connection with The Bee=Keepers' Review, I can make the following offers: Success, and the Bee-Keepers' Beview, for only • $ I 75 Success, and any one of the aboye Jl.OO magazines, and the Bee-Keepers' Eeview, for only 2 50 Success, and any two of the above $1.00 magazines, and the Bee-Keepers" Review, for only 3 OO Success, and any three of the above ^1.00 magazines, and the Bee- Keepers' Review, for only 3 50 Success, Review of Reviews (new), and the Bee-Keepers' Review, for only 3 OO Success, Review of Reviews (old), and the Bee-Keepers' Review, for only 4 OO Success, Current Literature (new), and the Bee-Keepers' Review, for only 3 OO Success, Current Literature (old), and the Bee-Keepers' Review, for only 4- OO Success, the New England Magazine, and the Bee-Keepers' Review, for only 3 OO Success, Review of Reviews (new), any one of the above ^1.(0 magazines and the B.-K. Review, for 3 50 Success, Leslie's Weekly, and the Bee-Keepers' Review, for only 3 75 Success, Review of Reviews (new), Leslie's Weekly, and the Bee-Keepers' Review, for only 4 75 Success, North American Review (new). Review of Reviews (new), and the B.-K. Review, for only 5 OO Magazines will be sent to one or different addresses as desired. New subscribers to THE REVIEW will receive the rest of this year free. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Money in Farm Poultry when properly conducted. Let us help you make poult" ry and other farm products profitable by sending you the FEATHER and FARMER six months for 10c. A monthly jiaper, 12 to It; pages, 48 to tit columns, large plain type, oOc. a year. Address. FEATHER and FARMER, Jeffersonville, O. The Maritime Homestead, Halifax and St. John, Canada. Affords the best medium of reaching the 100,000 farm homes in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Its ten pages, six columns wide and 22^ inches long, are brim full of up-to- date farm and home information. It is published twice each month. Subscription price, 50 cents per year. Advertising rates on application. Address, The Maritime Homestead, Halifax. C'an. "Nothing cheap but the price." The 'Farmers' and Planters' Guide, Baltimore, Md. A beautifully illustrated 16 page monthly farm paper will be sent to any address FIVE YEARS for-'SO CENTS. Write for sample copy. 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE Trade Marks Designs Copyrights &c. Anyone sending a sketch and description may quicklv ascertain our opinion free whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confldential. Handbook on Patents sent free, oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Scientific Jlinerican. A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir- culation of any scientific journal. Terms, f 3 a year: four months, 11. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN &Co.3«^«-»'*«''^' New York Branch Office, 625 F St., Washington, O. C. There was a man in our town who thought him wondroiis wise; he swore by all the fabled gods he'd never advertise. But his goods were advertis- ed'ere long, and thereby hangs a tale: The ad. was set in nonpareil (this size), and headed SHERIFFS SALE.— M. T. 00 YOUR HENS PAY? This woman understands her business, 10 Dozen Eggs at 36c. per dozen Irom 180 hens in one day. That Egg Basket tells the story. Ten Dozen at 36o. per doz. in one day form 180 hens Our New Book "Helps for Poultry Keepers" tells how, explains why so many fail and so few succeed. A Book we can commend with a good conscience as a GREAT HELP to all Poultry Keepers young or old. Describes 60 varieties of fowls, well illustrated, and contains a Poultry Keepers Account showing gainer loss monthly; on heavy paper worth 2.5 cts. This Book Free wilh our Poultry Paper one year for 2.5e. or Book free with paper .3 months for lOc. Descriptive circulars Free for stamp to pay postage. Wayside Poultry Co., Clintonville, tJonn. BELGIAN HARES. lud Belgian Haref low ready, nicely ; o-dale, with breed PIGEONS. •cll. Piofu.sely ill liorougli and cone >ears experience i POULTRY THE RABBIT; How to Select, Breccars experience in U.S. and England Price 25 cts. ■■ PAPER,illusfd,21pages,2.')Cents per year. 4inontlis' tiial lOcents. Saniple free. 61-page practical loultry book fi'ce to yearly suliscriheis. Book alone Ocents. The paper one year and eitlier25ct. book for 10 CIS, or all above for 60 cts. Catalogue of p(inll?y )Ouksfi'ee. AmericauPoultry Advocate, Syracusc.NY 8-121 BETTER THAN A GOLD MINE. MONEY IN HENS. 400 per ct. pi olit by our own method ; all explained in our POULTRY Book (The Book of Books for all Poultry Keepers). .Astonishing results. Will surprise and please you. BOOKLET FREK TO EVEKYBOKY.-or Big Poultry Book with our Ponltrv Paper, 3 nios. for 10 cents. Address, W. P. CO., Box (25 ' Clintonville, Conn. 12 Pieces Sheet Music Free 80 Cts, MusrccLDB, 50 cts. Fifty cents j)ays for one year's nieiubership. \ on receive one piece of New Sheet Music each month (12 pieces in all) which sell from 40 to 50 cents each, mailed postx'aid. Also you receive a ^1.00 Magazine one year freer Address ll-(it MUSIC CLUB, 328 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111 SHINE! The Empire W,»3her Company, Jamestown, N.Y. make a Shine Cabinet, furnished with foot stand, blacking, russet dressing, shoe rubber— in fact, all articles and materials needed to keep shoes looking their best— and as it is made to be fastened to the wall of toilet room or kitchen, it does away with the vexatious searching after these articles which is altogether too common. A postal will bring you details of this and other good things. & Perfected Von Culin Incubator is known pretty well all over the country and has never tailed tn prove satisfaetorv when handled by a person of intelligence and with ordinary attention We gnar- antee them to be satisfactory or you needn't pay for them. ' What's more fair than this offer, and doesn't it show that wr. mean what we sav as to its merits? S<'nd for catalogue. The W. T. FALCONER MFC. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. INCUBATORS ^iilFARIM most b« Bimole in ,„...,»iio„ »"■■■■¥■ 1 The GOLDEN EGG. Only Poultry and Belgian Hare Journal in the World's Fair City of ];hi3. Fifty cents the year. It gives us pleasure to send sample copies. Agents receive salary and com mission. The GOLDEN EGG PUB, CO,, 815 Chestnut St., Htf Saint Louis, Mo. c. IS ALL IT TAKES TO PAY FOR FANCY FOWLS. The phenominally successful and most widely read poultry organ of the South. Established in 1897, it is a credit to its section, the great and growing South. It is out on time the tenth of each month, is prosperous and responsible. As a low-priced paper it is in a class by itself and i^ better than most 50c. papers. 36 to (!0 pages. Largest circulation in its territory of any poultry paper and unequalled as an advertising medium to those want- ing to reach Southern readers. Address, enclosing 25c. in coin or stamps, FANCY FOWLS CO., 8-»^t Hopkinsville, Ky. most be simple to opeiatioo • ure In results. Th it's the SURE HATCH INCUBATOR. »nybody can run it, because it tinsitseif. Send for our free satalogandsee for yourself how rery successful )t has been on Ae farm. It also describes our Oommon Sense Folding Brooder W. Pay the Freight, t^ SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO.. Cl.y Center. NebrHI^i Over lOO I^eadingr IVag^azines and IVevvspapers for 23 Cents. mail "Tlie 1 niouj^aent" for « months and over 100 leading mas^^azines direct from the publishers. Think of it-for26ceuts vou receive .$1U.0U worth of literature. It will fur" nish you reading matter for months. You receive such magazines as the Youths' Covu panion, Cmtury, Ecnew m' Frrinvs, Woman's Home ampfuijon Farm and fmside, Etc. Send todav' I^f °^;^^''5 '''^ **i« month.' When ordering state whether you prefer story papers, relie- lou.s papers, farmer.s' papers, labor or any special kind. Do you subscribe for any paper ^L7^f^^''^ ^^'i^ "^ "^« subscription pHee nrini n^'^nn^"*- ^^scoun t from the publishers' price on all papers and magazines. ^Agents wanted. ^b^una The Union A^ent, Covington, Ky. SUBSCRIBE FOR The Michigan Belgian Fancier The leading Belgian Hare puper, iind the only paper in Michigan Unit devotes its pages exclusive- ly to the Belgian Hare. The right paper for tlie beginner for the fancier — for the advertiser. The regular subscription price is 50c. per year. To the readers of this paper who will clij) this adv. and return it to us with 10c. in stamps or silver, we will send the paper for one year. Sample copies sent on application. Address The Michigan Belgian Fancier, ^tf Ithaca, Mich. Published Monthly by TheW.T. Falconer Mfg. Co. Vol. XI NOVEMBER, 1901 No. 11 BEGINNERS' LESSON. NO. 4. BY F. G. HERMAN. MODERN invention has also hit upon a device to control the swarming of bees, which is rapidly superseding the old device of a bushel basket fastened to a pole, or a bag hung on a pronged stick, which are still used when the bees fly out of the hive and alight in the tree, accompanied by the queen. The new method is based upon the very old knowledge that the bees will not go off without their queen; and the invention is a contrivance made of wood and zinc which is affixed to the entrance of the hive. This device is full of holes large enough to let the worker bees go in and out; but too small to permit the queen, who is consider- able larger than the worker bees, to pass out. When swarming time approaches the bee-keeper simply claps this queen- trap over the entrance of the hive, the workers rush out through the perfora- tions; but the queen finds herself a prisoner. The bee-keeper then sets a new hive on the old stand, puts the queen inside, and when the workers come back to look for her, they find her still doing business at the old stand, but in a brand new house, of which they willingly take possession. The same object is attained by clipping one side of the queen's wings, which disables her from flying with the swarm. It is the custom among experts to practice clip- ping, but the novice will succeed better with the queen trap. The swarming time is not only one of great anxiety to the bee-keeper, but also of intense interest and pleasure; and the sooner this exodus takes place the better for the bees and the bee-keeper as well. Whenever the bees deem it necessary they enlarge an ordinary worker cell in the brood combs into a queen cell and feed the inmate with an especially pre- pared food, commonly called royal jelly, so that in sixteen or seventeen days a new queen is ready to make her bow to the world. She would never make it, however, if the old queen had her way about it. A colony may have only one queen at a time and whem the old queen sees that the workers are beginning to build queen cells, she makes vigorous efforts to get at them and destroy her coming rivals. It is for this purpose that she has been provided by nature with a sting, and she never uses it on a human being; only on rival queens. The sting of an ordinary bee is barbed, so that if she once inserts it in a person she cannot draw it out again, but must pay with her own life the penalty of her venge- ance. As the queen's life, however, is too valuable to be easily lost, nature has provided her with a sting that is barb- less, so that she may use it as often as she chooses without paying for her tem- per with her life; or rather, as often as 201 202 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER November the workers choose, for they stand guard and do not allow her to come near the queen-cells, which causes her to sulk and wish for a new home. A week or so before a young queeu is to be hatched out, the swarming note is given, when the old queen with the greater part of the colony, after they have filled them- selves with honey, fly forth to seek a new home, leaving the old hive to the new queen, who will soon emerge from her cell and go about her business of re- populating the hive. It is sometimes desirable to prevent swarming and keep the whole force of bees together storing honey, in which case the queen-cells can be cut out every week or so. As the cells are very often built on the lower ledge of the comb, they can be seen by looking at the under side of the hive. If the bees cover them too thickly they can be dispersed with a little smoke. Englewoud, N. J. There is not a moment without some duty. — Cicero. BEE-KEEPING ON NEWSPAPER BUILDING. BY M. V. KEEVE. THERE has been a colony of bees on a ledge outside of a fourth story window of the Public Ledger building, Philadelphia, for six seasons past. It is the property of Mrs. E. S. Starr, who edits "Farm and Garden,'" "Bee-keeping," "Dairying," "Horticul- ture" and columns on kindred topics for the Ledger. The bees are in a dove- tailed hive and are apparently as much at home as if they were on the street level; in fact, more so. Their field is in the adjacent public squares. Indepen- dence and Washington, with probable side trips to the nearby candy factories. The original colony did not survive the first winter and new tenants were put into the hive, and each year since a surplus has been re- ceived. Mrs. Starr says that at first her surplus had a variety of flavors. such as lemon, peppermint, sassafras etc.; bnt that since the candy men have put I wire screens on their windows and shut t out the winged depredators, the returns' from maple, sycamore, tulip poplar and ' basswood trees of the public squares, I the Pennsylvania Hospital grounds and j the churchyards, have been more satis- factory. One year there was a bright j red streak with raspberry flavor, sug- I gesting that the busy marauders had i found somedody's jelly put out to cool and had cleaned it up. This year the hive body store combs are expected to yield twenty-five pounds to the extrac- tor. What will be taken from the supers will be fed back for winter and the comb melted for its wax. The experiment is regarded as demon- strating that a family with a house on a city street and no dooryard, can keep bees on a roof, and without any expense save a little attention, have a harvest of honey sufficient for the family and pos- sibly some over for friendly neighbors. There are, in fact, several Philadelphia bee-keepers wlio have house-top apiaries. Mrs. Starr prevents swarming by re- moving a few frames with adhering bees to an apiary on her farm, near Sea Isle City, N. Y., where she has ten colonies, all Italians, whenever "the house gets crowded." She replaces the absent frames with others filled with foundation. Rutledge, Pa. Dispatch is the soul of business. — Chesterfield. "THE LIFE OF THE BEE." RECENT additions to the bee-keep- ers" library have been few, but the advent of Maeterlinck's new volume, "The Life of the Bee,'" fully compensates the patient waiting. It is not a technical treatise, though the author displays a remarkable familiarity with the bee and its characteristics. While it is a work of especial interest to 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 203 the bee-keeper, Maeterlinck's peculiar and exceedingly broad treatment of his subject appeals forcibly to every student of nature. Hardly less interesting than the book itself, which is published by Dodd, Mead &Co., N. Y., is the Philadelphia North American's review of the work, which we give in part, as follows, and to whom we are indebted for the accompanying picture of the author : "Maurice Maeterlinck takes as to the school of the bees and shows us how to obtain there deep draughts of the honey of a wholesome philosphy, which, after MAUKICE MAETERLINCK. all, is a liberal recognition of our own ignorance. He makes upon ' The Life of the Bee' a candid disquisition, bring- ing into relation with his subject the profoundest problems of nature and the gravest postulates of metaphyics. '•Before civilization was it is probable that the industry and systematic habits of the bee impressed their lesson upon the minds of men. Since poets earliest sang of the sweets of Mount Hybla, the bee has been the familiarly cited example of the orderly virtues and of wise humility, coupled with great worth. Just why the reporter of ancient proverbs did not write ' Go to the bee, thou sluggard," is not obvious. The glory that has descend- ed upon the ant is far less deserved. The bee in this climate, it is true, passes the winter in a semi-torpid state, but that is not her fault; it is the fault of both nature and man — nature in making such a climate and man in insisting upon her being an exile from the flowery vales of Sicily and the sunny plains of Southern Asia, where her earliest ancestors were first known to exist. The bee remains the most respected of the insect king- dom, and notwithstanding that a vast deal of fable and of misinformation re- lating to her has been swept away by the active scientific conscience of mod- ern investigators, she still affords the inspiration of much pleasing sentiment and genuine food for the taste for the marvelous that is existent in every human being. Putting aside forever the needless untruths in regard to the bee which old writers invented or fancied that they discerned, to account for some things in her economy or her polity or her emotional impulses, that seemed, and still seem, most mysterious, the truths that may be told of her are yet a perpetual fountain of wonder, as well those whicli explain observed phenomena as others that simply state effects and our ignorance of causes. " Maeterlinck takes at once absolute hold upon the reader's confidence by the austere directness of his search for truth, the disdain with which he leaves in the background as childish many old myths about the bee ; the zeal and the zest with which he explores the verified data of apiculture for a clue to a suffer- ing definition of the 'spirit" that governs the hive; for a compensating principle to offset that seeming waste and cruelty of a portion of the communal polity which contrasts so strongly with its gen- eral reasonableness. The problem of bee life incites to far excursions into the abstract; to contemplation of both material and spiritual nature, though mostly confined to the former. He seem' at times to fancy that the bee may sooner or later furnish to man the key- word to the enigma of the universe; at others to accept the incapacity of the finite to grasp the infinite as a condition hopelessly unchangeable ; and with an intellectual stoicism peculiarly Germanic he submits himself to the most material- istic limitations of spiritual aspiration, looking for comfort only in the deeper understanding of that which does not challenge a solution of the ultimate 204 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER November \ problem of matter and force. "Maeterlinck attempts no more to ex- plain the inconsistencies in the economy of the bees than he does those in their ethics. He acknowledges that the bees exemplify in some of their instincts and customs the heedless prodigality of na- ture, striving sometimes to repair faults or shortcomings by unsuitable excess that becomes almost a mockery; some- times ruthlessly destroying, without any new-found reason, what before was cherished most carefully. The 'spirit of the hive,' an unknown supreme power, disposes of the destinies of the buzzing nation. It fixes the moment for the sud- den slaughter of the drones; for the jeal- ous massacre of the heiresses-presump- tive to the queenship; for the timely or untimely swarming. Maeterlinck seems to suppose something very like a lan- guage among the apida\ whereby the will of the overwhelming majority is quickly and effectively made known to all; by which organization for division of duties is maintained. It may, how- ever, as he says, be more akin to an electric influence, possibly, one might add, like the spreading of an idea or a concept through all the ganglia of the active human brain at once. It might be supposed, though Maeterlinck does not express this theory, that all the cere- bral matter in all the bees in the hive constitutes a collective brain, a mental apparatus, with so delicate an inter- sensitiveness among the composing mem- bers that it acts with prompt singleness of impulse, almost as if it were a perma- nent unit. The power that enables the bee through long distances to wing her way back to the hive in a perfectly straight line, even though she may have been kept a prisoner while important landmarks were being altered, is so won- derful that no adequate explanation of it can be given, even at this day. without supposing an occult cerebral sympathy, which iu itself again cannot be explained until science shall have made a yet greater advance than in the past.'" NEW IDEAS IN HIVES. BV \V. T. STEPHENSON'. NOT long since an article by L. E. Kerr appeared in the Agricultural EpiUjmist entitled, " A New Idea in Hives."' Of course, new ideas must be advanced if any progress is to be mad<^ ; but they must be progressive ideas. Mr. Kerr says there are three styles of hives in general use. He has left out a very popular comb honey hive — the Dauzenbaker. He also says the Lang- stroth hive and system is faulty. Will he kindly explain in what way ? If the Heddon is so far superior to the Lang- stroth, why don't it supersede the Lang- stroth? The only fault I can see is in the frames (I mean the old style). They have to be handled singly; but with the Hoffman this objection is easily obviat- ed, inasmuch as they can be handled in pairs, trios or quadruples. The "new idea'' is in dispensing with frames and using instead immovable bars to which the combs are built. This is slightly better than the box-hive, the only difference is that a section super can be used. I forgot to say that it was to be a divisible brood-chamber, like the Heddon. Mr. Kerr claims that after years of careful study he sees no use in lifting the frames out of the hives. He quotes Mr. Heddon as saying his best colo- nies had not had the frames taken out of the hive for five years. While Mr. Hed- don has had a great deal more experi- ence than myself, I can assert, with an assurance of good company, that that is a poor policy: nothing practical about it. I overhaul my colonies once or twice each season, and I profit by it, as I ac- quaint myself with the Internal condi- tion of the hives. I consider such "new ideas'' extremely retrogressive and detri- mental to our pursuit. W^ith the "New Idea" hive no frames could be spread to encourage brood-rearing; it would be impossible to cut out queen-cells or to clip queens' wings. It is evident that Mr. Kerr never had any experience with foul-brood, else he would want a frame hive. Foul-brood works so silently that it is difficult, if not impossible, to detect its presence, when in the incipient stage. from the outside. This is a piogressive age, and bee- keeping not one whit behind other in- dustries in having up-to-date tools and urn THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 205 appliances. Uro. Kerr, if yon want to use sucli a hive, do not. for the sake of practical apiculture, advise others to do likewise. A gentleman in New Columbia once got up what he called Ford's Patent Hive. It did not embody as many good features as Mr. Kerr's does. It was simply a box hive with a triangular- shaped bottom-board in two pieces, one being perpendicilar to the other. The projecting end was to be an alighting board. The object of the triangular shape was to rid the colony of moth worms. He claimed that they would drop upon the bottom-board and roll out. Of course every practical bee-keeper would hold such a hive in light esteem. The idea of ridding a colony of bees of moth-worms! Why, if I have a colony of bees that cannot protect itself against the inroads of the moth-worm, the sooner it is out of the way, the better. Let's bury the moth-trap along with the old box hive, non-swarming hive and self-hiver. New Columbia. 111. True dignity is never gained by place and never lost when honors are withdrawn. — Massinser. LOCALITY AND ITS EFFECT, AND QUEEN INTRODUCTION. BY ARTHUR C. MILLER. I AM surprised that Mr. Doolittle con- cluded his article in the September American Bee-kkeper as he did. It hardly seems possible that a person of his professions would deliberately mis- interpret, and 'tis equally incredible that so close an observer as he is credited with being, could by any other means have attributed my suggestion on loss of prestige as referring to his knowledge of bee-keeping, when the context very clearly showed that I referred to socio- logical and statistical matters connected with the City of Providence. There is one thought in his article which I wish to emphasize by repeating it,though in diflferent words: Be yniirsclf; try things for yourself and dou't take them for granted because some one else says so. It's worth more than anything else he has said in a long time. Locality is such a great factor in bee-keeping that trial of methods is'the only sure way of determining their worth. As an example of this, the following may prove interesting : In my home apiary all hives are placed close to the ground; but in a small one, half a mile away, they are all on a bench some two feet above the ground. Both apiaries are stocked with the same strains of bees and part of the home apiary is worked on the same sys- tem as the outyard. In the latter I have no trouble in getting comb honey while in the home yard it is difficult and often almost impossible. The production of extracted honey is also affected, but not so markedly. iSo far as I have been able to determine, the difference is due en- tirely to the elevation of the hives. In another small apiary (six colonies), the owner has two hives about eighteen inches above ground, the rest on it. The two have done finely, the others poorly. In my own case this experience has extended over several years. In the vicinity of my apiaries at night, a strata of cold fog is often observed close to the ground, audi surmise that this is the cause of my home yard doing less well than the out-yard, the hives of which are above the cold, damp strata of air. In another district where I have had a trial colony to test its resources, periods of honey-flow etc., I found that the hill- sides were free from a fog, while the low lands were blanketed with it about every night. Though this latter loca- ti(m is fifty miles from my home apiary, it would hardly be wise for one to say that because the conditions are alike in such widely separated spots, they must be everywhere ; and in no locality should hives be placed on the ground unless on the hillsides, well up from the low- lands. Last Spring I wrote about introducing 20(5 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER November queens by the Simmins fasting method, the editor wished further information. I have never tried the system with vir- gin queens. Alley's plan of running in such queens with tobacco smoke is quicker and more simple. As I stated before, I believe the queen's attitude gov- erns her reception. A begging, hungry queen is always given food; and any bee with whom they have "broken bread'" becomes a member of the family. Ex- cept in caring for the larvae a bee never proffers food to another; it always has to be asked for. Mr. L. C. Root, in Quinby's New Bee-keeping says worker bees possess just enough of the "mother instinct" to cause them to care for the larvae, but beyond that they have nothing which resembles affection for each other. ' In the Bee-Keeper's Review for Sep- tember is an article by me on the intro- duction of queens, from which I quote this: "The queen's attitude governs her reception, and that attitude should be one of supplication. Hunger will pro- duce that ; panic in the receiving colony will produce it, for every bee is then turning for aid to every other bee, and the new queen does as do the rest. Swarming excitement does the same. Perfectly produce those conditions and you can introduce any queen." And I do it with queens received by mail as well as with those reared at home, and I give them to colonies immediately on remov- ing the old queen or at any time there- after. Besides making the queen fast. the other conditions for introducing can be produced by deluging the colony with tobacco smoke, or by shaking all the bees from the combs, wliicli operation should be preceded by a sufficient smoking to make it a reasonably comfortable taj'k. While the bees are in an uproar drop in the queurse, compelled to feed at all times: but his bees are not in their natural con- dition. His bees have thrown down the honest way of earning their bee- Dread by the sweat of their brow, be- cause tending nursling queens ami 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 301 promenading among' queen- cells, such as they nor their fathers ever saw em- ployed before in the incubation of queens' eggs, or watching the moon or some such foolishness they think is more genteel — more aristocratic. But the strong, healthy colony, with plenty of stores, does not want to be fooled with at any time of the year ; and he who goes against their wishes does so to his sorrow. There are a score of little things which the novice persists in for a long time, and this is one. There can, however, be but two reasons why any one should advocate it: one reason would be ignorance and the other a desire to deceive. Hurricane, Ark. The Bee-keeping World. Peculiarities of the World's Wax Production. The beeswax as produced In tlie different sections and countries seems to be of somewhat varving char- acter. Gravenhorst's ILlustr. Bienen Zeitung has the following to say about it: "In Austria the best wax is found or produced in the southern portion, equall- ing the wax produced in buckwheat lo- calities. The provinces Bohemia, Mora- via and Galicia produce a soft wax, al*.hough a distinction has to be made between the wax from the western part of Galicia and that from the eastern part. That from the first named locality has a pitchy odor, while the other pos- sesses the common odor of wax: is red or brown-yellow and fairly hard. The best of all known waxes is that from Turkey; it is red in color and demands the high- est price. The wax from Greece and its islands is nearly equal to it in quality. The southern part of France produces wax of better quality than the north. The wax from Spain is about as good as the best produced in France. Italy pro- duces much good wax. The wax of India is of grayish-brown and has almost no odor. The wax pro- duction upon the Islands, as Timor and Flores, etc., is of importance. Quanti- ties of the product have been exported to China', where a great deal is consumed, and also produced. Egypt, Morocco and the Barbary States furnish a considerable quantity of very impure wax. Beeswax from the Senegal is rather poor and dark-brown in color, accompanied by an unpleasant odor. Very good wax is produced in Guinea ; it is hard and yellow, about as good as Russian wax. The American wax is usually dark and difficult to bleach. From Guadaloupe black wax from wild bees is brought into the markets. It cannot be bleached out. AUSTRIA. Baron v. Ehrenfels is the originator of the saying, "Apiculture is the poetry of agriculture." Colestin, of Austria, in speaking of a honey-bee visiting a mignonette plant standing in his window, says: "One and the same bee continued to work on the blossoms of the plant for eight consecu- tive days during the forenoon hours, staying about four minutes at a visit, gathering pollen and honey, then making her home journey and returning after fifteen minutes of absence. At no time did another bee come with her or visit the plant. Schachinger thinks bees posses hercu- lean strength. He observed at a time a very small cluster of sixty-four bees hanging from an alighting board and only two of the bees clinging to the wood; all the rest were hanging on the two, thus each one of the two bees car- rying or holding in suspension thirty- two sisters. Quite an e x h i b i t i o n of strength, indeed. m The apicultural museum of the Central Verein contains among other things the first honey extractor ever constructed by the inventor, Major Hruschka ; also one of the two hives the first Italian bees occupied when brought to Germany in 18.")3. 30S THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Nitvemher ! GERMANY. Keideiibach lias shown, by careful ob- servation, that a colony of bees consumes but little houey during the three winter months. November, December and Jan- uary, amounting- to six or eight pounds per hive. Wilkins thinks it very essen- tial that our bees should come through these three months in good condition : and in consideration of IJeiilenbach's observation, advises feeding each colony about eight or ten pounds of good syrup as soon as brood-rearing has ceased and the brood is about ail hatched. He cal- culates that by feeding at this time the bees will store this wholesome food near their Winter nest and thus consume it lirst. In instances where the hives were very heavy with honey-dew or other un- wholesome stores he has extracted from the central combs before feeding. Since lie has adopted this method he has not had a case of diseased bees, dysentery or the like, in the Spring. 9 In a general way it is true that bees when at work, visit but one kind of tiowers. Exceptions to this rule are very common. Prof. Cook and others, as well as myself, have mentioned such, years ago. In 188(i I spoke of a case in the American Bee Juitnial. I liad observed a bee first visiting tlie blue thistle, then the plantain, returning to the thistle etc.; a rather singular occurrence, as these two plants named are so totally different. The editor of lUustrlerte Bienoi Zeiiunij has made a similar observation and an- nounces it as a new discovery — but a little too late. I wish to endorse the recommendation found in Illustr. Bienen Zeltung to eat honey instead of sugar with lettuce. Sweeten the vinegar with it and pour over the leaves. 9 A single bee-egg weighs one-sixth mil- ligram. Three millions would weigh one pound at this rate. — Schleh-wlg- HolHtcin Bleneti Zeitiing. The Deutsche Blenenfreund urges bee- keepers to visit their neighboring bee- keepers as well as to attend the bee- keepers" conventions, and continues, "One may learn two things: how to do things and how not to do things."" Pretty good advice. ■J The German press has gotten a hold of the following, and makes a big blow ing one The advantages of having drone-comb in the hives art; given in Deutsche Bleneu- freund as follows: (1) the bees have an opportunity to satisfy their natural de- sires as to building it. (2) It is easier for bees to construct drone-cells. (.3) More honey is stored in drone-comb. (4) Pollen is not stored in it. (5) Drone-comb sec- , tion honey is pleasing to the eye (?) as well as the tongue. (6) Honey extracts more freely and perfectly from cli'one-combs. (7) liees will swarm tpiicker when they have a supply of drone-comb in the hive. a The same paper gives a recipe for mak- ing an effective and cheap paint for hives, as follows: Take cabinet makers' glue, cover with cold water, let stand iwenty-four hours, then pour off all water that has not combined with the glue. Now add linseed oil ((quantity not given) and boil slowly till all has become a smooth mass. This paint will become very hard and withstands all influences of moisture. From Die Blcne: Drone-s are saiil to answer first-rate as bait for fishing, in particular when fishing for trout. If this is true, and the fact becomes known, it might help prevent much cruelty to animals, as the drones could be kilh-d before putting them on the hook, while the worms now used cannot. Many bee-keepers in Germany are in the habit of setting aside a portion of tlieir colonies for increase, another for honey production, at the beginning of the season. Each portion, of course, has to be treated according to the object in view. We do not find it difficult to work for increase ; but to obtain lioney only we do. To accomplish the latter, the following rules are laid down in Die Blene: A colony must not be allowed to swarm nor be drawn on for increase: must not be compelled to build much comb: should be given plenty of comb and foundation. The brood-chamber must be free from drone-comb. A young queen should be in the hive. which should also be room v. zViiother new honey-plant, pha/.elia. is 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 209 repeatedly spoken of in the German bee- periodicals of late. The plant yields nectar of rare consistency, containing only S'i per cent, water. I have a few of the plants growing in my garden now, but not yet blooming. # In uniting a queenless colony with a queen-right colony Die Biene says the proper way is to transfer the colony hav- ing the queen to the hive containing the queenless colony. Gerstung made the extravagant claim recently that wherever his hive was used the honey-yield had been good this year. It appears, however, that bee- keepers having other hives in use had just as good success. © Valentin AVust expresses this opinion: It is easier to produce short-tubed clover than long-tongued bees. EGYPT. With the mummies in Egypt are often found little figures representing different animals and objects like eagles, keys etc.. all skillfully moulded from beeswax either in brown colors or gilded over. It can therefore be assumed that the Egyptians of ancient times had some knowledge of bees and their products. m King Rameses III., twelve hundred years before Christ, it is said, used twenty-five thousand pounds of honey during his reign of thirty-one years. F. Greinek. Decline of Bee-keeping in New Zealand. Half of those who once kept bees had given them up and the majority of those who still kept them did not know how to handle them. The true bee-master loved his bees, closely studied their habits, observed the quality of the honey gathered from the different plants and arranged, where possible, to secure each separately. Hardly any other pur- suit became more engrossing and more profitable. The horticulturalist should keep bees on account of their value for pollenation purposes. A fair average from each bee colony was 20 shillings net profit. The great drawback to bee- culture was foul-brood, which disease should be taken in hand by the Agricul- tural department, and its removal insist- ed upon. In Canada the evil had been coped with by legislation. The same • fostering care shown to horticulturists should be extended to apiarists, for they both belong to the one brotherhood. Fruit-growers were more dependent upon the bees than they knew of. There was no insect that did so well for the fruit-grower as the bee. It was a profitable thing for fruit-growers to take up. There was a time when the bee re- quired no protection, for the foul-brood did not exist. All over the country bees were becoming a thing of the past, and the industry was gradually falling into disuse.— J. Allan, N. Z. Conference. CHILI. Prof. Ernest Bichet, La Serena, Chili, gives some very interesting information on the apiculture of that country. A peculiarity is excessive swarming, due to the mildness of the climate or the length of the honey-flow, or perhaps both. Even with large hives and combs already built, it is impossible to prevent it. Furthermore, there is quite an interval between the period of swarming and the heavy flow of honey, so even the second- ary swarm will give some surplus. An apiary of 160 colonies transferred in frame hives, gave that same year 340 swarms and a surplus of 37,000 pounds of honey (extracted) from the whole five hundred colonies. The chief sources of honey in this locality is a plant of which the botanical name is Marrubiumvulgare, the alfalfa, which is extensively culti- vated, and some kinds of wild radish and wild turnips. Elsewhere in Chili there are other sources of honey. In his own apiary he had once 18,400 pounds of surplus from ninety-five colonies, all or nearly all from the marrublwn. Bee-keeping is growing rapidly. All the honey is exported, as the Chilians never use honey except as mediciue. The price is about four cents a pound. Mr. Wiehet got for first-class honey, five cents, delivered at Hamburg, Germany. In another paper it is stated that moths and foul-brood are unknown in Chili. SWITZERLAND. In nearly every second or third paper published. in Europe we find the use of the Riloche or some other press advised for making foundation, and the apiarist also advised to make his own foundation. In using a metallic press, the best lubri- cant is a mixture of three-quarters water and one-quarter alcohol for the 210 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Novcmher upper piece; for tlic lower piece, every tliird time witli tlie same mixture and two other times witli a mixture of one- third lionrn' and two-thirds water and a little alcohol. Tliis formula is given by Mr. P. Peloux, in the Revue Intertm- tiouale. These same mixtures could be used for mills as well. The above does not mean that the pres- lbs., 10 oz.; 12 lbs., 9 oz. ; 12 lbs. and 11 lbs., 4 oz. The four high- est increases during the month of June, 1901, were 157 lbs., 75 lbs., 69 and (38 lbs. The first figure is so much above the others that I suspect a misprint; the more so because the highest daily in- crease for the same hive during that month was only 13 lbs.. 5 oz. These daily weighings are somewhat misleading. The nectar brought during the day is not evaporated or reduced at once, so really the increase shown for the day is nectar rather than honey. The increase for a week or a month is honey except for the last two or perhaps three days, and the variation in amount of brood and bees. Another point insisted on by all the European writers is to keep up brood- rearing until late in the Fall, even feeding for that purpose- if necessary. They say the colonies with numerous strong', young bees are those that build up suc- cessfully in the Spring. The old, more or less worn-ont bees may live through the Winter, but die in the Spring before having done much work. Dr. C. Moulin, in Revue Inteitiatlonale gives the following medical recipes: For colds, sore throat etc.. a syrup made with two pounds iioney, one-half pound water, and fifty drops essence of vHicalyptus. Take a spoonful in a glass of wann water several times a day. For indigestion, the same as above except that instead of essence of euca- lyptus, eighty drops of alcohol of menthe are used. Taken the same way, but as often as desirable, until relieved. For cold or inflammation in the eyes, mix equal paits of honey aiul rose water. Apply night and morning. For bruises, cuts etc., a salve of three paits wax, two of propolis and five of liouey. The formic acid of the honey and the propolis are both antiseptic. GERMANY. Two new plants, or rather, new va- rieties of plants have lately been pro- duced in Germany. Both are highly valuable for honey. One is the hairy vetch. Vetches generally are cultivated to a certain extent in Europe. All vari- eties are hardy. Some are sown early in the Spring, others in the Fall. The Spring varieties can also be sown in the Summer for late crops. They are all valuable for hay, grain, or to be turned under for manure. They occupy in cold climates the place of cow peas in South- ern countries. The other is a new vari- ety of white clover called Colossal Ladi- no. The size of the flowers and leaves, and also the height of the plant are nearly twice those of the ordinary white clover. Besides furnishing a consider- able amount of nectar, it grows large enough to be mown to advantage. tj From the Ru Cher Beige: Papa — "John- ny, you are lazy. See the bees, how they work from daylight till night."' Johnny — "I would work. too. if I had as much hone to eat as they have." AiiRiA.v Getaz. How disappointment tracks the steps of hope.— Landon. Honey in the Statue. The heroic equestiian statue of Rob- ert E. Le«'. in Richmond. Va., is believed to have hundreds of pounds of honey con .-ealed inside of it. For months bees have been going in and out of the part- ed lips of both the human and the animal figure. The insects were first seen there last summer, and doubtless have been making lioncy ever since. There is no way to get inside either figure without doing irreparable damage, but fear is entertained that vandal hands may make the attempt.— I>cf/-oi7 Free Prcs.s. imi THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER >11 SERIEISI Dear Brother Hill: •^ Any fool can give advice, and he is continually at it/' I'd just like to know who you had in mind when you picked that quotation for the September i^^sue. I know several of the boys to whom it might apply. Say, why did you put it right after my letter ? Er - - I want a little private conversation with vou. Well. I cannot quarrel with any one now. rve been laughing so much that I am amiable way through. The late is- sues of some of the bee papers are out- stripping Puck. Listen to this from Gleaabigs for August 15th : First the Dr. of Straws uses German authority for suggesting our sitting around, smoker in hand, watching for the opportune moment to hustle out a swarm with it. Then he proceeds to stir the editor by writing about preconstructed and post- constructed cells. Then ye editor rushes recklessly in with one of those nice little foot notes and says not one reader in ten has any knowledge of Latin and may be confused, and suggests emer- iiency cells and swarming cells, the latter embracing supersedere cells. Mind the Latin words he uses. Oh, 'tis rich ! In the same issue Rambler has broken loose again. Listen to the kind of vege- tation they have out in California : "Buck brush, artemisia, purple and white sage, cactus, live oak and aivaij beyond/' I can't find the last in my botany. Hope he will never try to "write as funny as he can.'' Yes, Bro. York is well over his " bad spell," and if he will now just study up on geography and locate his correspond- ents more definitely than by mere counties, we may be able to forgive him for setting that other fellow to Quirin our language with his "fonetik" spelling. So you are interested in the Texas oil wells. Slippery business. But you must not be too anxious to make a market for your goods or you may antagonize some of the boys. This editorial from The Bee-keeper for September sounds sus- piciously like a free " ad." "Upon the erstwhile placid bosom of apicultural journalism a significant ripple appears in some quarters. It is to be hoped that the ' stoi-ms ' of the eighties are not to be repeated. Better lei go a little oil now before the seas rise." (You can't sell me any.) Let the waves ripple and rise; a good storm will clear the air. Open fight is far better than the hitting in the dark, the veiled slurs and illy concealed innuendoes which are in evidence now. Oh, but I dearly love a " scrap !" Sorry not to have seen you at the Con- vention; will give you some of the side- lights by-and-by. Yours as ever, John Hakdsckabble. Warm genius shaped what quick emotion found.— Schiller. If every one who wrote books now would be satisfied to dust books already written, whit a regenerate world it would become. —Beatrice Harraden. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER November CHAT. BY BESSIE I.. PUTNAM. OuTAviTTiNG THE Ants. — The presence of even a small quantity of honey is a sure test of the proximity of ants, for there seems to be nothing which will call them so quickly. By placing each leg of the table, on which honey is stored, in a dish of water, moving the table away from the wall, one may feel reason- ably secure ; yet the wise little insects are sometimes caught building bridges of their own bodies, if the channel is not too wide. A chalk mark drawn around the case will keep them away for a time, for ants reluctantly cross a chalk line. In our experience the most suc- cessful plan has been to scatter sprigs of tansy about freely. Though one might fear that the odor would taint the iioney, we have never found it to do so; neither have the ants ever invaded honey thus protected. However, the antidote has only been tested one season, and while it has been thus far successful, it may in time wear out, as did the chalk line. NoM-swARMiNG. — For the past two or three years a friend has tried with suc- cess to prevent swarming by giving plenty of room; two, three, sometimes as high as five supers being on the hives. He has had very little swarming and thinks it due to ihe fact that the bees were kept busy making honey. This method, especially to the amateur, is much easier than dividing or cuttine: out queen-cells. These bees, it might be proper to add, were under an apple tree, the low-growing branches of wliich were pruned only enough to prevent incon- venience to bee and master, and were thus shielded from the direct rays of the sun: though at noon its rays sometimes seemed quite warm, as the hives face the South. Tidiness in the Hive, — Truly, the bee is in many ways a model of neatness and accuracy. How ({uickly a dead bee or foreign substance is removed from the hive; with what care and precision is every cell constructed. Yet, despite this general rule, there are occasions in which the exception seems to emphasize its validity. Combs will sometimes get in crosswise; and to guard against this, as well as to economize the time of the bees, "starter" is now universally used in the section boxes. In families where a quantity of honey is annually consumed, even the low prices of new section boxes do not deter from the use of old ones. Sometimes, too, unless the order for new supplies is sent very early in the season, it is not possible to get it filled in time and one is compelled to resort to the old boxes, whether he wishes or not; for our largest dealers are invariably rushed during the early part of the honey-flow. Now, the interesting part of this is that the bees seem to have a decided preference for storing their choicest honey in the bright, new sections. The white combs which command fancy prices and are almost faultless in construction, are not found in the old, weather- and- pro- polis-stained section boxes, but in the white ones, fresh from the mill. Moral — if we would have first-class honey we must supply first-class material. As an experiment, a section, stained and thickly covered with propolis was recently placed in a dish containing ashes and water and put upon the stove to heat. Until it became hot. nearly boil- ing, little effect could be observed; but when a high temperature was reached, the propolis disappeared. Some wax, which had been purposely allowed to re- main, still adhered, but was readily removed with a knife, being quite soft. The section was rinsed in cold water and set in the sun to dry, coming out of the cleansing process in good shape and with almo.st no work save placing in and removing from the ashes and water. Contrary to expectation, it warped little in drying — not enough to interfere with its use; though 1 think if cleaning a 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 213, quautity, it would pay to have an empty super ready to slip them iuto, then they would be compelled to dry in shape. If wood-ashes are not at hand, concentrat- ed lye would doubtless answer every purpose, 1 see no reason why sections thus cleaned would not please the most fastidious bee. Bee Stings. — How often it is the case that those most fond of honey refrain from keeping bees through fear. There are occasionally persons met who are so constituted physically that even one bee sting results most seriously. These do well to keep away from them. But where the discomfort is of a transient and local nature, there is in most in- stances no reason why the coveted sweets should not be possessed. True, there are some persons who, through no fault of their own, seem "unlucky" in the vicinity of the apiary; but the misfor- tune is in the majority of cases due to carelessness or nervousness on the part of the victim. In working around bees the beginner should always have a veil. The simplest form is one that will fit loosely over a rather broad-brimmed hat, protecting fully the most vulnerable as well as most prominent point of attack — the nose. Let the veil be long enough to tie with a shirred cord secure about the neck. Thus equipped, the head and face are secure. Fasten sleeves at wrist by means of elastic. Some have a cambric sleeve to slip closely over, and this is secured at wrist and top. If one can work with rubber gloves, so much the better; the Guds of the fingers may be cut off, if de- sired. One thus clad should certainly have sufficient control over his nerves to avoid striking and uselessly enraging the bees if one buzzes too near. If he can- not, he might as well quit the business. The quiet, cool-headed apiarist, one who lets them crawl over his hands even if they are mad, is the one who, as a rule, comes out best. If they become too savage to render it wise to submit, quiet- ly step among the branches of a neigh- boring tree, if there be one, or drop into the grass. They will soon desist their persecution. By the way, it is the one who stands off a few feet watching the performance who is usually attacked by the guards, and he can certainly slip out by one of these methods. One apiarist finds it quite advanta- geous to smear his hands with honey before commencing operations. Though the bees alight for the express purpose of stinging, they often get a taste of the sweets and forgetting, their rage, fall to eating. Of course this does not apply to the attacks that come like bullets; neither is it always convenient in the more deli- cate work to have the hands in a sticky state. One of the best safeguards is to avoid hurting the bees. If carelessly handled and crushed in moving the frames, the injured ones or their companions are at once enraged and resort to their sole means of defense. A whiff or two of smoke will drive them to a safe distance and thus save harm. A slice of onion applied to a bee sting, renewed every few minutes, as the onion becomes saturated with the poison, will usually afford speedy relief. Ammonia is also a standard remedy; and in ex- treme cases a union of the two is bene- ficial. But never use either until through working, as they serve to make the bees more angry. The old-time cold water compress has been superseded by water as hot as can be borne; and there are on record one or two cases which promised a fatal termination that were quickly mastered by this simple remedy. It is well to remember it if the eye is at- tacked, as this member would not endure the ammonia or onion treatment. Harmonsburg, Pa. "Every little aid and item, in some way helps." Genius is the power to labor better and more availably. — Emerson. J14 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER NovembiT PUBLISHED MON'THLV BV THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. CO. H. E. HILL, Einxoii. Terms: Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 8octs.; 3 copies, *1.20 ; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the United States and Can- ada: lu cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. Advertising Rates: Fifteen cents per line. 9 words; .f2. 00 per inch. Five per cent, discount for two insertions; seven per C(.'nt. for three insertions; 10 per cent, for six insertions; twenty per cent, for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or before the 15th of each month to insure insertion in the month following. I^"Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to The American Bee-keepek, Falconer. N.Y. |^~ Articles for publication, or letters exclusively for the editorial department, may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Florida. iW Subscribers receiving their paper in blue wrapper will know that their subscription expires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. CP" A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. By a recent purchase, we are in- formed, Mr. N. L. Stevens, of Venice, N. Y., has increased his stock of bees to nearly five hundred colonies. We learn also that Mr. Stevens captured the first three prizes conferred for honey- exhibits at the Cayuga County fair. Good for Mr. Stevens. London makes the price on Jamai- can honey, since nearly, if not all of the island's product is shipped there. During the past season the quotations have been exceedingly discouraging to the West Indian producer, being Is. per imp. gal. Twenty - four cents for fourteen pounds of nice honey is not an en- couraging market. To the subscriber sending us the most interesting letter for the De- cember number, we will mail, free, a copy of Maeterlinck's new book, "The Life of the Bee," beautifully bound in cloth and gold. The letter must reach us not later than Nov. 19. This delightful book sells at 11.40, and the winner will find in its 427 handsomely printed pages the source of several enjoyable eve- nings. Open to everybody. At the Tex.s Bee keepers' Conven- tion H. H. Hyde, it is reported, said that he favored the Doolittle method of queen-rearing; that while the best queens could be reared by the Alley plan, "good queens and more of them" could be reared after Doo- little. Simple assertions that better queens are produced by Alley's plan than by the Doolittle method are more numerous recently than are specific reasons why, or wherein they are "better." The American Bee-keeper was without an official representative at the Buffalo Convention of the Na- tional Association. A large num- ber of our readers wei-e present, however, and some notes will fol- low. A very interesting meeting, is the general report. W. Z. Hutch- inson, the urbane editor of the B" Keepers' Reoieic, was elected presi- dent for the succeeding term, and Mr. O. L. Hershiser, of Buffalo, was elected vice-pi^esident. The 1901 VHE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 215 Convention, of course, decided by its ballot to retain Dr. Mason in office as secretary. Mr. Geo. Shiber, of Franklin- ville, N.Y., combines bee-keeping and merchandising, keeping about twenty colonies of bees upon the roof of his store-building, with suc- cess. His average crop — Spring count — this year was about ninety- one pounds of comb honey per colo- ny. Mr. Shiber, though not ex- tensively engaged in apiculture at present, is one of the well- informed apiarists of his State, having in his library nearly every- thing published in English on the bee. He has observed that success in bee-keeping is generally in pro- portion to the extent of one's read- Hon. J. M. Hambaugh, bee in- spector for San Diego County, Cal., through the American Bee JournaL pleads earnestly for the enactment of laws by which every bee-keeper will be compelled to use moveable- frame hives. The old-fashioned,' stationary combs, it is claimed, ow- ing to their inaccessibility, harbor disease and thereby become a menace to apiaries adjacently lo- cated. There is no doubt that such a law would greatly facilitate the eradication of foul-brood in localities where the box-hive still exists; and as a sanitary measure would be ap- proved by every progressive {Lpi- arist, though the presentation of such a bill might call forth consti- tutional objections. In requesting of the Legislature an appropriation for the establish- ment of an experimental apiary, the committee of the Texas Bee-keepers' Association, according to the South- land Queen, included in its petition the following information, which gives an idea of the magnitude of the industry at the present time in the "Lone Star" State: Number of colonies of bees in the State, - - - 150,000 Vahie of above colonies, - 375,000 Total number lbs. of honey, 11,250.000 Value of product, estimated at 7 cts. per lb, - - «787,500 Number lbs. of wax, - 150,000 Value of wax product, - $ 37,500 Total value output of honey and wax, - - $835,000 'Rah for Texas! "Bee-keeping in the West Indies " is the name of a 73-page book re- cently issued by the Imperial De- partment of Agriculture for the West Indies. It is written by Mr. W. K. Morrison, whose name is quite familiar to reading bee-keepers of the United States. The little work is designed, evidently, to ex- cite interest in apicultux'e more gen- erally throughout the West Indies, and especially in the Lesser Antil- les. It abounds in helpful sugges- tions for the inexperienced and is generally interesting throughout, as well as instructive. In the fol- lowing paragraph, which we quote, the author has, without doubt, voiced a compound truth not yet fully realized, though soon to be established: When the West Indian conditions are rightly understood we may expect a sub- stantial increase in the honey crop. Hitherto too much reliance has been placed on the methods in vogue in cold climates where the conditions differ very widely from those obtaining in the tropics. The following very sensible pro- position, from the Austral Cultur- ist, has to do with a subject upon which "locality" has no bearing and the healthy condition of the author's reasoning faculties are beautifully reflected therein: A fixed strain of bees is very desirable J16 THE AMEBIC AN BEE-KEEPER November for the sake of continuing good qualities without change; but the '■ fixed strain "' idea may be worl^ed too hard when it comes to the matter of improvement. With a strain so fixed that there is no possibility of variation, there is no possi- bility of improvement. Continuation of good traits comes from fixedness. Im- provement of traits comes, not from fixed- ness, but from variation. The trouble with a cross is that its characteristics are not fixed, but that does not argue against the possibility of greater improve- ment in the cross, and then it is the province of careful breeding to make that improvement fixed. I am an advo- cate of pure stock; but if I had the purest and best Italians on earth, and a cross that would beat th(Mn in storing by 50 per cent., I'd drop the purity and try to fix that 50 per cent. Yes, but I believe you will find that crosses would have a very strong tendency to sport back to the original stock, either one of which would be poorer than the mixture. BEARS IN THE APIARY. The bear is one of the bee ene- mies with which our Northern friends do not have to contend ; yet in certain localities of the South bears are one of the greatest nui- sances the bee-keeper has to contend with. During the season of 1900, Mr. O. O. Poppleton, of Florida, was greatly pestered by them. As a result of their persistent visits to Mr. Poppleton 's apiaries several of the prowlers are now carrying with them more or less buckshot and one member of the Bruin family languishes behind the bars in a Palm Beach museum, as Mr. Pop- pleton succeeded in catching him in a trap. Though Mr. Poppleton's loss was not great, he suffered a great deal of annoyance and lost a lot of sleep while watching his bees at night. Mr. W. O. Victor, of Texas, re- ports a loss of fifty-two colonies by bears. He advertised for sale a I IHUI THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER ■217 y— rgwewiia.. vJ-m ^mmf/f ' picture of the ruins and his bear- ship. We at once enclosed the amount requested for a copy of the picture with a view to presenting it to our readers; but Mr. Victor thought that if this was done he would not realize the cash he should, out of it, and accordingly made ap- plication to the Librarian of Con- gress for protection through the copyright law. We present in this number two pictures which will illustrate the appearance of an apiary after a bear raid. One gives a general view of the situation and the other a glimpse of the foreground. This apiary, as noted in The Bee- keeper for No vemb<^r, 1900, belong- ed to the Southern Bee Company, and was located on one of the islands which run parallel with the coast, near Fort Pierce, Fla., and was visited d«uring the absence of the a]narist by a drove of bears. Six- teen colonic^ were wiped out, about a half ton of honey wasted and 376 brood combs destroyed. The ma- rauders seemed to have made the very best of the opportunity and passed on to other fields of labor without having left even the conso- lation which it would have afYorded to know that so mu. h honey made them sick. We have heard nothing of them since, and, indeed, are quite content that it should ever so remain. INFLUENCIN(i THE MARKET. Nearly all small bee-keepers and, indeed, many of the "large" ones, appear to take much pleasure in publicly reporting a successful har- vest of honey. In these years of small crops, generally, when a fel- 318 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER November low is permitted to ga ze upon cases piled high, rows of ba rrels or stacks of 'crates well filled with honey of his own production, the enthusiasm which prompts him to report his good fortune to his brothers, is ex- cusable; though there are many who at once hasten to accuse him of having committed an injustice against the fraternity. It has really seemed for some time that nothing could more effectually arouse a spirit of antagonism than a statement from some happy mor- tal who finds his bees calling for a third or fourth super. To write to one's favorite paper, "the best season we've had in ten years," is simply regarded as a crime by many of those who profess, or infer, per- sonal shrewdness in marketing. Some, in an unguarded moment of delightful enthusiasm have been so unwise as to say, "my bees are just tumbling over one another." From that moment henceforth the indi- vidual who has thus transgressed the unwritten law which enjoins upon him sacred secrecy, ■ has been and shall be a nonentity in the ranks ; obliteration is the reward of his willful imprudence. No self respecting producer could ever afterward conscientiously recognize a fellow-craftsman known to be guilty of thus wantonly ruining the nation's honey market. The duty of recognition ends with a good, sharp rebuke publicly administered. There is another class of offenders. These make it their business to in- form the local press of the immense crop which will be harvested in the State; and have even been known to exaggerate the truth to the ex- tent of a few hundred carloads. Their doom, however, it would re- quire a Poe to imagine or a Hag- gard to depict. The prevailing supposition seems to be that reports of success tend to depress the market — lower the price. Such supposition is not en- tertained by individuals only, but by the bee keeping press, to a larj^e extent. It is not our purpose to run counter to a prevailing idea so well established. To report a lar^e crop, individual, State or National, may have a detrimental influence temporarily. Further than that we cannot share the prevalent notion. It is, certainly, unwise — not to mention a graver offence — to exag- gerate reports; but in all the dis- cussions of the subject where it ap- peared that truthful accounts were rendered, our sympathies have invariably been with the fortunate producer unjustly rebuked. Another side of the proposition is presented in a recent number of the American Bee Journal by R. A. Burnett & Co., whom that journal regards as the largest wholesale honey dealers in Chicago. Messrs. Burnett & Co. argue that inflated reports of the honey crop will re-act to the advantage of the bee-keeper. Such is, indeed, a radical departure from accepted theories, yet it is not wholly without tenability, by any means. This theory is based upon the assumption that man is so con- stituted mentally' that, after read- ing long columns in the newspapers about the floods of honey with which Texas and California are del- uged; of the general bounteous har- vest throughout the States and of the shiploads from Honolulu and the Philippines pouring into this coun- try, though he may have fully sat- isfied the inner man with all the good things of the market, other than this delicious honey, which has ap- pealed again to his appetite, he will kick off his slippers, hurry into his shoes and rush for a car bound down town to make sure of a box of honey, in time for breakfast. His heart is set on honey, and if it is 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 219 I in town he will very likely have it. Then, incidentally, the family be- come partners in its consumption, and the children, at least, demand more. Who has the best of the argu- ment? Let the reader judge. "Life is a leaf of paper wliite, Whereon each one of us may write His word or two, and then comes night. THE HONEY BEE. Orchardists and vignerons would do well by keeping a few hives in tlieir fruit gardens. It Is a well established fact that cross- fertilization produces finer fruit than self-fertilization and is often absolutely necessary, more particularly with pears and cherries. Numerous instances might be quoted where plants entirely depend upon the agency of insects for their reproduction. As this, however, does not lie within tlie scope of this essay, it is not requisite to give details regarding such well established facts. It is an axiom that nature abhors self- fertilization. Her tendency is to cross- fertilize, and to accomplish this with plants these have evolved nectar-secret- ing glands, and in order to attract in- sects toward the minute but luscious morsels lying concealed at the base of the florets, they emit diversely scented odors or display showy colors. As the insects pass from flower to flower to satiate their cravings, they convey the fertilizing dust by means of their hair or appendages from the anthers of one to the stigma of another, and in this manner become instrumental of cross- fertilizing them. As the greater number of the principal orders of insects, during the whole time of their mature existence, are uncon- sciously active in assisting fertilization, it would appear that one particular species could not play a specially im- portant part. But on reflection it will be seen that by its habits of life the honey bee contributes quite an extra- ordinary siiare towards this object. Bees are not solely attracted by the nectar to feed upon it themselves, but tliey gather the same to feed their young with as well; and instinctively (or is it fore- thought?) accumulate stores for the suppitrt of the colony. Under this im- pulse they work from morning till nlghs and in the course of a day visit many hundred flowers in succession, whereat other insects, whose young feed differ- ently, visit tlie flowers entirely for their own benefit, and may pass over less than a dozen in a day. Besides nectar, bees also collect great quantities of pollen grains, wliich are the male reproductive germs, and store these for food known as "bee-bread." Whilst coUectingthe pol- len they become, as is obvious, especially active in conveying tlie ripe grains from flower to flower, and by this means as- sist fertilization in a broadcast manner. — R. Helms in tlie Jfmrnalof Agriculture, W. Australia. A summer where there are no bees be- comes as sad and as empty as one without flowers or birds. — Maeterlinck. LITERARY NOTES. As we come toward the Christmas holidays, larger space in the magazines is given to fiction. The Cosmopolitan includes a tragic story of the Mexican foot-hills by Thomas A. Janvier, a very clever society story by Carolyn Wells, one of the Old French Romances by Richard Le Gallienne, an unusually interesting Indian narrative by H. T. George, and a wierd story by S. R. Crockett. Superstition Trail, a powerful tale of the West, by Owen Wister, and illustrated by Remington, is the opening story in Hallowe'en number (October 2ti) of the Saturday Evening Post of Philadelphia. Other attractive features are a new episode in The Love Affairs of Patricia and a striking poem by Holman F. Day. Mr. Day's ballad, The Night of the White Review, tells a wierd tale current among Gloucester fisherman. It has all the swing and movement of Mr. Kipling's Dipsy Chanteys, and a strength and originality all its own. Take as many sheets as there are days in the year. Paste at the head of each the date and in- scribe a legend from your favorite poet. Leave a space for your friends to write their names against the day of the year when they were born. Bind the whole between stiff cardbi ard, and tie it with knots of ribbon drawn through holes made with a large needle. If you are clever with pen and ink, you may embellish y^ur book with drawings here and there, or you may insert at intervals a picture from an illustrated paper. — November Ladies' Home Journal. Fools may our scorn, not envy, raise. For envy is a kind of praise. — Gay. Time, place and actions may with pains be wrought. But genius must be born, and never can be taught. — Dryden. Genius finds its own road, and carries it.t own lamp. — Anon. 223 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER Noiieml c Honey and Beeswax Market. WASHINGTON GKADING Rl'LKS. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled, combs straiglit of even thickness and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel stain or otlierwis°; all the cells sealed ex- cept the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All ssctions well filled, but combs uneven or crooked detached at the bottom or with but few" cells unsealed: both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is. there will be "Fancy white," "No. 1, dark," etc. Below we giv3 the latest and most authentic re- port of the Honey and Boeswax market in different trade centers: Chicago, Oct. 23, 1901.— Ther; is a very good trade in No. 1 comb honey at 1.5c. per ih; that which will not grade No. I or fancy sells at from 13 @ 14c.; some small lots of fancy have brou:?ht more than 15c. Light amber selling at 12 @ 13c.; the dark honey of various grades range at from 10 folic; extracted sells fairly well at 5!^ @ 6!^c., for white according to quality and flavor; white clover and basswood bringing 7c.; light amber 5)^ @ 5Mc ; dark, 5 @ blic. Beeswax steady at 28c. R. A. BUKNETT & Co. Kansas Citv, Mo., Oct. 22.— Honey is in fair demand at present with good supply. Price of comb 121-6 (g! Lie; extracted H@8c. There is a good demand for beeswax at 30c., with light sup- ply. Colorado has supplied our market with comb. Very light supply of extracted. Ha.mblin & Sappington. Buffalo, Oct. 21.— The demand of honey is im- proving and better prospects in view. Supply moderate. Fancy comb sells at 14 (S- 15c. Fancy extracted 5 (as 6c. Good demand for beeswax, but light supi^ly. Price for fancy, 2fi 0' 23c.; dirty etc.. 22® 25c. We look for better honey market and probably quite liberal consignments can be placed as well as anywhere. Battebson & Co. ,^k Send in your subscription to k The * Poultry Star. A twenty-page semi-monthly journal devoted to the best interests of the Poultry, Pigeon and Pet Stock Raisers of the world. 25 cts. per year. Sample copy free. POULTRY STAR, DKYDEN, N.Y. * * * OLD MEXICO, '' The Land of Milk I arifl Hon^ir " '^ to-day a grand field for the, aiiu xxju.^j, sale of all appliances for the proper care of bee.s and the production of honey. The Mexican Farmer & .'^tockmah, published in English and Spanish at Chihuahua, Mexico, raaches the very class of patrons you ik- sire. Parties having bees for sale will take rmtp. Address with stamp for free sample copy. A. B. HULI f. Editor. Southern Farm Gazette, Starkville, Miss . edited by members of the .Agri- cultural College Fai-ulty. The only .\gricult\iral Paper published in Mississippi. Subscription jirice 50 cents for fifty-two copies. If you are InteresltMl in cheap homes and rich lands learn about thfiu through the Gazette. Splendid advertising medi- um. Address, Gazette Publishing Company, ^ starkville. Mi^^^ The FERRIS WAX REFINER, to be used in connection with steam wax extractors, increases the value of wax two cents a pound and pays for itself in refining fifty pounds of wax. 1".m sale by all dealers or C. G. FERRIS, Richfield Springs. N.Y. IS a luxury A BATH when UMPIRE takeainan ^ Portable Folding BATH TUB. Used in any room Age NTS VV A NT e r> Catalogue Free. I The empire WASHER CO., Jamestown, N.Y. ERS OF BEES and those in- I tending to keep bees shcuik ' write us for large il lust' d car, alogue and copy of A.mhij,' CAN BEE-KEEPKR.(niOnllll> . Our prices sneloicestandstocl largest. We keep everything used by bee-keeprs, including, text books, comb foundations, all styles hives,etc. AdJiv!^ yy. T. Falconer Mfgl Co. Jamestown, N.VT I trices are loicestand utocl BEES Just a minute of your time! Send us a list of the bee-keepers in your vicinity and we will send thera sample copies of The Bee-kekper. This will not take much of your time or be much trouble to you and you will be doing your friends a favor. AGENTS rv anted ' washing 'm You can double your money every time you sell one and they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They , are cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free. The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N.Y. The Towa Horticultural Paper. Monthly, 50 cents per year. It is unique, planned on original lines. You cannot be up-to-date in fruit growing unless you read it. Balance of this year free to new subscribers. THE FRUITMAN, gjf Mt. Vernon, Iowa. High-grade Belgian Hares. We have a fine lot of high-Kiade pedigreed Belgians which we will sell at l)cd-rnck prices if taken at once. Qir Britain, a worthy grand- son of Lord Britain in the stud. Write at once an4 say what you want and we will quote prices. Sample copy of a Farm Paper Free. Red King Belgian Hare Co., St. Joseph, Mo. Tbis is only two lines, yet you notice it Others would notice vouKadvt. in The Am. Bek-keeper. BARGAINS £^ in Poultry, Pigeon and H* Hare Books, Papers and Supplies. IW Send for Circular. The Poultry Item, Pricks, Pa. Go South, The Soil, Climate, Markets and many other advantages invite you. For free (•opieti of Monthly Journal, and foi' Maps, Plats, Facts. Figures and full information, write A. Jeffers, 851 Main Street, ,..j Norfolk, Va. o Australian Culturist and Poultry Gazette. Also THE APIARIST, ^.riaflndustries. (Established 10 years). 20 pages monthly. Subscription :^s. fid. per annum. This journal circulates in all the Austral- asian Colonies, including New Zealand and Tasmania. A good medium to American firms desiring an Australian trade. Head oflBce for Australian Colonies, 162 Queen Street, Melbourne, Australia. Good Advertisers, Those who are careful where they place their advertising money, use Barnum's Midland Farmer, which reaches over 30,000 prosper- ous, wide-awake, buying farmers every issue. Regular rate 14c. per agate line, but send us a trial order at 10c. per line ($1.40 per inch per time), and we will place it where it will do the most good. Two or more new subscriptions (sent together), 20c. per year. Sixteen pages, four columns to page. Departments covering every branch of farming and stock-raising. The little jour- nal that is "read and re-read by its readers." Barnum's Midland Farm- er, No. 22 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 8tf CUT THIS OUT . j and send it to us with ten cents (silver) in- i closed, and receive'in return a six months' f trial subsciption to | People's Companion Magazine. | It's the one you hear so much about. Ad. | rates, 5 cts. per line; 50 cts. per inch. Give f us a trial ad. and feel what a puller it is. J Sample copy for two cent stamp. | People's Companion Pub. Co., | MILWAUKEE, WIS. ( Ed. l)e Lontje, Ed. and Pub. 8tf| The only strictly agricultural paper published in this State. The only agricultural paper published every week. It goes to every post office in State of Tennessee and to , many offices in Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It is the official organ of the Agricul- tural Department of Tennessee and Live Stock Commission. Subscrip- tion $1 per year in advance. Tennessee Farmer Pub. Co., 8tf Nashville, Tenn. Poultry and Belgian Hare Standard. Leader on Poultry and Hares; giving the greatest amount of practical instruction each issue — just what every breeder must have to succeed. A text book of 175 pages is given with each yearly subscrip- tion which includes five cents for postage. State whether poultry or hare book is wanted and send fifty-five cents to STANDARD, ■ 512 Hall Building, gtf Kansas City, Mo. Send for our Free Catalogue of many useful articles. Enclose stamp for mailing. MILWAUKEE NOVELTY CO., 8t£ Milwaukee, Wis. Send us the names and addresses of 20 of your friends and receive a twelve months' trial subscription to THIS AND THAT. Address the publisher, T. FoRTsoN Pruett, Sidney, N.Y. MAPS. A vest pocket Map of your State. llsew issue. These maps show all the Counties, in seven colors, all railroads, postoffices — and many towns not given in the postal guide — rivers, lakes and mountains, with index and population of counties, cities and towns. Census — it gives all official returns. We will send you postpaid any state map you wish for Patents. Pensions. 20 cents (silver). JOHN W. HANN, 8tf Wauneta, Neb. BEE-KEEPERS. One of the largest undeveloped apicultural regions in America is to be found in Oklahoma and Indian Territories. The Oklahoma Farm Journal Oklahoma City, Okla., will tell you all about it. Subscrip- tion price $1 per year. N. B. Parties subscribing now will be receipted in full to Jan. 1, /903. 8tf PATENT and PENSION AGENCIES. Wins Building, 312 Ind. Ave., WASHINGTON, D. C. If you wish to know anything about patents or pensions write lo the above. They have been in the business continuously since 1882. The Patent Office has over a mil- lion ($1,000,000) dollars to its credit. The Bureau of Pensions disburses about one hundred and forty milli- ons ($140,000,000) dollars a year. An ad. wiM bring returns. How does this strike you? The SOUTH OMAHA Daily Times is the only general daily news- paper published in a city of 2601 inhabitants. Its various features make it a welcomed visitor to eVery home in South Omaha, and to hundreds of farmers and stock shippers in Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, Kansas, Colorado, and other cattle- and hog-raising states. Advertising rates very low. SOUTH OMAHA, NEB. 8tf THE WEEKLY SUN, Canada's Great Farm and Home Journal, Published at TOEONTO, CAN. Special features, Farmers' market reports. Full and accurate reports of farmers' gatherings, Interviews with progressive farmers on timely topics; stories and selections for the home. No other paper offers so good a medium of com- munication with the best fpi-mers of Canada. 8-tf PATENTS Caveats, Trade Marks Copyrights and Designs Send your business direct to Washington Saves time, costs less, better service My office close to the U. S. Patent Office. Personal attention given. Twenty years' experience. Book "How to Obtain Patents" etc., sent free. Patents procured through E. G. Siggers receive special notice, without charge, in the INVRN^IVR AGR. Illustrated Monthly. Twelfth year. Terms $1 a year E. G. SIGGERS, Washington, D. C. iU8 F Street N. W Still 10c. a Year. Until further notice you can still get the POULTRY, BEE AND FRUIT JOURNAL for 10c. per year. Or by getting four of your friends to send with you, we will either extend your subscription one year or make you a gift of a good poultry book. Send to-day — NOW — before it is too late, as this offer may be withdrawn at any time. Send your dime and get the neatest, boiled down, right-to-the-point, stop-when-you've-said-it m n n t hly journal an entire year. Thirty words in Breeders' Column for 25c. Dis- play advertising 75c. per inch, net. No discounts for time or space. A guarantee of satisfaction written in every contract. Poultry, Bee and Fruit Co,, Davenport, Iowa. S E E T ^^^^ Order Dealers, ^' ■ in fact all advertisers will find THIS AND THAT a splen- did medium for results. Give us a trial and be convinced. Rates, for a short time only, 5 cents per non- pareil line. Circulation 10,000. Address, T. Fortson Pruett, Publisher. Sidney, N. Y. The Belgian Hare| Advocate ! is a large 16 page, 64 column mag- ! azine, published monthly at twenty- { five cents a year, and if interested ' in this new and popular industry you certainly should subscribe. Edited by a practical breeder in the interests of the Belgian indus- try, Poultry and Pet Stock. Subscription and advertising at live and let live prices. Our motto; Your money's worth every time. The Belgian Hare Advocate, ■ PONETO, IND '' Ruths Belgian Hare Directory, price 10 cts. The Advocate one year and Directory for only 30 cts. Homes in Old Virginia. It is gradually brought to light that the Civil war has made great changes, freed the slaves, and in consequence has made the large land owners poor and finally freed the land from the original owners who would not sell until they were compelled to do so. There are some of the finest lands in the market at very low prices, lands that produce all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits, and berries; fine for stock. You find green truck patches, such as cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale, spinach, etc., growing all the win- ter. The climate is the best all the year around to be found, not too cold nor too warm. Good water. Healthy. Railroads running in every direction. If you desire to know all about Virginia send 10c. for three months subscription of tiie VIRGINIA FARMER to Farmer Co., Emporia, Va. Tliere is no trade or profession better catered to by good journals tlian that of the farmer. Unin- telligent unprogressiveness has now no excuse. Free WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED ! DICTIONARY Send $1.00, the regular subscription price of THE HOUSEHOLD KEALlV^ and you will receive the Realm one full year and Webster's Complete Unabridged Dictionary, full regular size bound in cloth, 1282 pages, size of page 8WxlO!^ inches, gilt letters, mottled edges. The Dictionary is guaranteed to be exactly the same as retails in many stores for $o. and ^n. We send both for only fsi. TVlO TTmiOolinlf] "Rocilm *** a large, handsome, illustrated monthly magazine, devoted to iilu ±lUU.OUiiUiU. ±iCCllill all that pertains to the home. Some of the Departments are Household, Cooking, Children, (Jarden. Fruit and Flower, House Plans, Fashion, Fancy Work, Stories, Poetry, Music, Miscellaneous Articles etc. Established in \SM. list THE HOUSEHOLD REALW, 325 Dearborn St., Chicago. Ill F T To anyone sending me a list of I V>» v^ M twenty (20) farmers in their vicinity, with their post office address, we will ^^""^ a first-class monthly story paper for one year. absolutely free. U. G. FKEEMAN, Fryeburg, Me. Important! Send us 10 cents and the names and addresses of a few of your friends who are interested in fowls, bees, fruits or farming, and we will send you the Farm and Poultry News for one year. Sauiple copy free. Address W. D. HURST, Middlesboro, Ky. Qalendars for 1902. Traders or anyone using Calen-. dars in large or small quantities will save money by getting our samples and prices. We manufac- ture 86 original designs of Calen- dars and three sizes of pads. We sell direct to the user at first price. H. G. FREEMAN & CO., Fryeburg, • Me. Do you want to know all about If so, send for sample copy of the WESTERN SWINE BREEDER, 3nly 25c. per year. Lincoln, Neb. A Great Magazine Proposition. If you are interested in the Middle and Far West >end 10 cents silver for trial year's subscription to THE GOLDEN WEST, ;he greatest family story paper in America for the irice. GOLDEN WEST PUBLISHING CO., St. Louis, Mo. The Irrigation Era.-^^ A monthly publication devoted to the Agricultural and Horticultural interests of the West. Department on Irrigation Laws. " Sugar Beets. 36 to 48 pages PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED. Reliable information on any portion of Colorado furnish- ed free. Send for sample copy. Missouri and Arkansas If you want to hear everything about the south enclose a silver quarter in a com- mon letter for a y e a r's subscrip- tion to the Missouri and Arkansas Farmer and JtrUltmani it tells you where to get cheap farming, fruit, grazing and timbered lands; where to go to fish, hunt and for health; about new towns, new railroads and where to make paying invest- ments. The largest and handsomest homeseek- ERS paper in the L^nited States. Address: R. J. PROFITT, Publisher, Kansas City, Mo. Your advertisement to be a suc- cess must be placed in the ONLY successful EXCHANGE JOURNAL in existence. A 30 word ad. costs but 25c. Subscription 50c. year. Sample copies .^c, none free. Your monev back if not satisfied. THIS FOR THAT PUB. Co., 334 Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111. llie Fruit Growers' Journal, is a six column, oigiit-page journal, pub- lished monthly, at Cobden, Illinois, The Fruit (Jrowing Center of the West. It is an all-around horticultural, ii^ri- cultural journal, and is devoted largely to transportation and markets. Agents Wanted. 8end two cents for sample copy. 12-tf Sold by All Newsdealers Furnfshes Monthly to all lovers of Song and Music a vast volume of New, Choice Copyright Compositions by tfie most popular authors. 64 Pages of Piano music Half Vocal, Half Instrumental 21 Coniplete Pieces rorPiaqo Once a Month for JO Cents. Yearly Subscription, $1.00. If bought in any music store at one-half off, would cost $5.25, a saving of $5.15 monthly. In one year you get nearly 800 Pages of Music, comprising 252 Complete Pieces for the Piano. If you cannot get a copy from your Newsdealer, send to us and we will mail you a sample free. J. W. PEPPER, Publisher, Eighth a Locust St«., Philadelphia, Pa. Patent Wired Comb Foundation has no Sag in Brood Frames. Thin Flat Bottom Foundation has no Fish-bone in Surplus Honey. Being the cleanest is usually worked the quickest of any foundation made. The talk about wiring frames seems absurd. We furnish a Wired Foun- dation that is BETTER, CHEAPER and not half the trouble to use that it is to wire brood frames Circulars and samples free. J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, Sole Manufacturers, Montgomery County, Sprout Brook, N.Y. Please mention American Bee-keeper. Lost! Lost! -^ ^- j5^ -«^-^-^^ ^fe-^fc- Are you looking for Friend or Relative ? If so, we may be able to assist you in locating them. That is the business we make a specialty of. Address SEARCH, Postoflfice Box 850, Denver, Colorado ( Pigeon Flying! The leading, briglitust and best authority on Iluiuiug I'igeons in America. Charles IT. Junes, Editor and Publisher, fO So. Broad St., Philadelphia, Sole Manufacturer of Xational Association bands, also initial, scTinless and upeii bunds for dragoons, carriers and all kinds of iciy pijieons— Aluminum Seamless bands for Homers and Toys .... *2 .^0 per 100 Aluminum Seamless bands for Dra- goons and Carriers . - - :i Ofl Seamiess German Silver bands - -2 00 Open bands— German Silver - i 00 (.'ountermarks - - - - hO Countermarks, Aluminum, very light 1 00 No extra charge for Initials, bands are registered for future reference. No samples sent unless price of bands and cost of mailing is remitted. All kinds of rubber stamps and figures for mark- ing pigeons. Send stamp to the above address for illustrated catalogue for all appliances pertaining to pigeons 12-tf <■' y h 100 lOO 100 100 lUO All The Nebraska Farm Journal A monthly journal devoted to agricultural interests. Laro-est circulation of any agricultural pa- per in the west. It circulates in Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa and Colorado. C. A. DOUGLASS, prop. Itf 1123 N St., Lincoln, Neb. More Bee-keepers' Paradises. E: R. Root has just returned from a 6,000-mile trip through some of the best bee locations in the world, and has already begun his series of write-ups, accompanied with fine photos, in GLEANINGS IN BEE CUL- TUREi The following editorial appears Aug. 1st, and will give some- thing of an idea of what he will describe: Some little time ago I promised to tell about the bee-keepers' paradises in Texas. I have thi.s on the docket, and it will appear as I take up the line of my travels. But since running across that paradise I have run into two or three others. There is one West of the Rockies, in Colorado, that is not yet overstocked with bees or bee- keepers; another one in central Idaho — in fact, I do not know but the whole State. These will be described in turn. The fact is. millions of capital are being invested in irrigation; irrigation means alfalfa; alfalfa means a paradise for bees. But I found all along my trip that alfalfa-growing preceded bee-keeping by two or three years, for it seems to take about that length of time before the bee-keepers find thise gold mines that have been hitherto unoccupied. If you are dissatisfied with your present location, and for financial reasons, or on account of health, will be compelled to leave, subscribe for GLEANINGS IN BEE CI'LTURE and learn something about the great South and the great West. There arc many locations in the West that are not yet occupied — splendid bee locations. If you wish to learn about them, send 15 cents for a three months' trial subscription, or :.'5 cents for a six months' trial, or $1.00 for one year and one untested Italian queen. Or send $2.00 and we will send CtLEANINGS one year and one of our cele- brated red-clover queens. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio, U. S. A. ^y^ Looking Backward? We think not. T)ie West is the direction lo looli forward to for business. Have you either Bee or Poultry Supplies, or Stock, that you wish to sell in the West ? The OREGON POULTRY JOURNAL is the best medium of its class through which to reach breeders. The OFFICIAL OEGAN of the Oregon State Poultry Association. Advertising rates on application. Subscription 50 cents per year. Address C. D. MINTON. Manager, 8tf Salem, Oregon. Wanted, Local Managers, to organize and take charge of branch Habbitries all over the U. S., Canada, Mexico, West Indies and Central America. J. V. Cortlez represents us at Manila, Phillipine Islands. Send stamp for Large Free Book, particulars, and sample copy of Best Belgian Hare and Poultry Paper in the world. Eastern Importing^ Breeding Co., 10 If Belfast, Maine. BARNES' FOOT POWER MACHINERY. This cut represents our Combined Machine, which is the best machine made for use in the construction of Hives, Sections, Boxes, etc. Sent on trial. Send for Cata- logue and Price List. W. P. & John Barnes Co., 913 Ruby St., Rockford, Typewriters ♦^ and Cameras. ♦ If any reader of The Bee-keepek is contem- plating the purchase of a photographic outfit or a writing machine, I should be pleased to have him correspond with me before placing an order for either. I am in a position to offer new instruments of the highest grade, direct from the manufac- turers, at the lowest possible prices. Respectfully, 3-tf. H. E. Hill, Ft. Pierce, Fla. THE NATIONAL LAND LIST. The only genuine real estate paper now publish- ed in America. It circulates in every State in the Unioa. Parties interested in buying, selling or exchanging land, merchandise or other property will find what they want in "The National Land List."' It is jam full of special bargains and offers of exchange. Single copies by mail ten cents. Address The National Land List Publishing Co., Green Ridge, Missouri. iitf GRANGE LEADERS advise all Patrons of Husbandry to subscrib( I OUR GRANGE HOMES. Grange News and Comn i Agriculture, Women's Interests. Expert editors in every departnitii including the former lecturer of the National Grange, Alpha Messer. On trial three months, 25 cents. Boston, ^1 \~ Record your Poland Chinas in The Central Poland China Record. RULES ETC. FREE on application. W. H. Morris, See'y, Indianapolis, Ind. Record your Berksliires in The National Berkshire Record. RULES ETC. FREE on application. E. K. Morris, Sec'y, Indianapolis, Ind. Record your Chester Whites in The Standard Chester White Record RULES ETC. FREE on application. W. H. Morris, Sec'y, Indianapolis, Ind. Subscribe for tlie Swine Breeders' Semi-monthly. 50 cents a year. Morris Printing Co. , Journal. Sample Copy Free. Publishers, Indianapolis, Ind. t£ The Southern Farmer, -^ 5 Athens, Georgia. The Leading AGRICCJLTURAL JOURNAL of the South. No Farmer, Fruit Grower, Stock- raiser, Poultryman, Dair3'man or even Housewife can afford to be without this valuable paper. Sample copies sent free on appli- cation. Advertising Rates Reasonable, The finest line of Wooden Advertising Novelties, such as Thermometers, Match Safes, Rulers, Yard- sticks, etc. made in the world, is the line manufac- tured by The American Mfg. Concern, Jamestown. N.Y. I America is O The Great Supply Depot of the World. 0 The farmers must produce them. I Furnishing the @ How do farmers know what kind I World With ft of horses to produce ? ] I High-class Horses. •:• <" ■ © liy subscribing for ft Spirit of the West, Des Moines, W ?1.00 per year. T'.ie Leading To ] A Western Advertising .Medium. FARM INVESTOR and FINANCIAI OUTLOOK, Published once a month, devoted to agriculture and stock husbandry, als to the interests of the home-seeker, capitalist an investor. Willkfep you posted about desirabl farm homes everywhere Free legal column t answer legal questions; will portray the generf financial outlook and give crop reports, and wi advise the best time to sell stock and grain; in fa( is devoted to the best business interests of th American Parmer and the realty world. Price 50( per year in advance. If you desire to purchase farm, send for catalogue. If you desire to sel write us in full and save time. Address. BEL BROS., Real Estate and Loan Specialists, and pre prietors of 'Farm Investor," Marysville, Ohio. CASH to be GIA'EN AWA"! 'j\j\j\j liy a special arrangement wit the Press Publishing Association, of Detroit, Mich, the readers of The Farmers and Planters Guid are enabled to participate in the distribution c $l.'j,000 in cash to be divided into prizes rangin from f 1.00 to *5,000. The winning of one of thes prizes may be the means of starting you on th road to fortune. Send a two-cent stamp to-day fo particulars. Address, The Farmers and Planters Guide tf 6 S. Calvert St., Baltimore, Md. $15,000 %• Are You interested in Fish, Game or Bird Pro toction '? If so, you should read the Fish and Game Protector. 107 Lucas Ave., St. Louis, Mo Send for sample copy. Among industrial organs', a small paper tha sticks closely to its subject is worth a cartload o the aimless nomads that claim to C07er the who! field. Subscribe now for The Am. Bee-keei'ek. Beeswax wanted We will pay 26 cents cash or 28 cents In goods for good quality of Beeswax, freight paid to FALCON- ER, N.Y. If you have any, ship it to us at once. [Prices subject to change without notice.] The W. T. Falconer Mfa:. Co. EGGS IN WINTER Are easily obtained under right conditions and proper attention. Subscribe for our poultry paper and learn how. 25 cts. a year. Sample copy free, THE POULTRY ITEM, Box 190, Fkioks, Pa. W. M. Gerrish, East Nottingham, N. H., keeps a complete supply of oar goods, and eastern customers will save freight by ordering of him. The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. BEE SUPPLIES from LEWIS They are the finest. THOUSANDS OF BEE HIVES, MILLIONS OF SECTIONS, Ready for Prompt Siipment. G- B- LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., ==— ==^=— ^ U. S. A. Special Agency, C. M. SCOTT & CO.. 1004 East Washington St., Indianapolis, Ind. Catalog Free. 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every NEW SUBSCRIBER sending $1.00 for the WEEKLY American Bee Journal for one year will receive a copy of Newman's ItiO page "Bses and Honey" free. The old American Bee Journal is great this year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Journal ff^e- Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monthly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 1897. Circulation 5,000. Devoted exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Israel, Itf Publisher, Lincoln, Neb. LJ pr I I ^^ I Do you want some good pure 'I t--- *^'—y-y • bred POULTRY? We can furnish you ECCS FOR HATCH- ING from tine White Wonder fowls, R. C. h. Leg- horns, B. P. Rocks, Partridge Cochins; S. L., Gold- en and Black Wyandottes, Toulouse Geese, Rouen Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want something good send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, i« The Eureka Poultry Farm, Established 19 years. Hamburg, Wis. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S. BEGINNERS. should have a copy of The Amateur Bee-keeper, a 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "It is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price 2i cents; by mail 2S cents. The little book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, (a live, progressive, 28 page monthly journal ) one year for tjbc. Apply to any first-class dealer, or address LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. One Year lOc. If you are not a subscriber '"^ The Poultry Industry, ^'^^iX silver, and get this vigorous up-to-date poultry journal one whole year. Every copy is worth the year's subscription price. The Poultry Industry, Box 218, Gouverneur, N.Y. 3tf CLUBBING LIST. We will send The American Bee-keepek with the— PRICE EOTH American Bee Journal $1 00 $1 35 Bee-keepers' Review 100 135 Canadian Bee Journal 100 135 Gleanings in Bee Culture 100 135 American Queen 50 GO Modern Culture 1 00 1 00 BOOKS FOR BEE-KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long experience, should have at least one good text book upon the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee-keeping. In ordering by mail be sure to add the amount of postage named: Postage Price, extra. ABC of Bee Culture (A. I. Root), cloth U 00 20c. Bee-keepers' Guide (Prof. A. J. Cook) 1 00 16c. Langstroth on Honey Bee, rev. (f)adant) 1 10 15c. Quinby's New Bee-keeping (Quinby) . . 1 40 10c. Thirty Years Among Bees (Alley) 43 2c. How to Manage Bees (VandrufE) 25 5c Amateur Bee-keeper (Rouse) 20 5c. The W. T. Falconer NIfg. Co., Incubator Free on trial. The PERFECTED YON CDLIN I ^INCDBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every hatchable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator Prices $7. 00 up. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y. A Monthly Journal — HUNTER-TRADER- TRAPPER tells all about hunting.trapping and Raw Fur Trading. Published by an old ex- perienced hunter, trap- per and trader. Sam- ple copy, Sets. Only 50 cents a year. Address, A. R. Harding-, Publish- er, Gallipolis, Ohio. DON'T KILL YOURSELF, WASHING the old WAY, BUT BUY AN E IVI P I R E .^ WAY, BUT BUY AN C IVl f I n C mMIJP W A S H E R, ^oith tohich the p^ frailest woman can do an or- dinar}/ washing in one hour, withottt welting her hands. Sample aticholesaleprice. Satisfaction Guaranteed. Jyo pay until tried. Write/or JUuKtrated Catalogue andprices ofWringersJroning Tables, Clothes Reels, DryinfjBarSiWaffonJackstd-c. AgentsWanted. Lib- eral Terms. OuiekSalesl Little Work!! BigPfLv!!! Address.lHF^ EmpireWasher Co.,JamestowD,N.Y. S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railway, Perrine Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. i-'tf UNITED STATES BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. Secretary— Dr. A. B. Mason, Station 13, Toledo, Ohio. General Manager and Treasurer— Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, la H' Tf If, BINGHAM -'—'•5 has made all the iin- 5 provements in Bee Smokers and Honey Knives made in the last 30 years, undoubtedly he makes the best on earth. Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too large, sent postpaid, per mail $1 jU 3U inch 1.10 Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch 1.00 2!^ inch 90 T.F.Bingham, ?*"^''w-;,-'o--- '" _ .. B.- . Little Wonder, 2 in. l.j Farwell, Mich. Poultry F^enrm, F. M. MungerA Sons, DeKalb, 111., Breeders of anTwhitePlymouth Rocks, Silver and White Wyandottes, White and Brown Leghorns, Golden Seabriglit Bantams, Pearl Guineas, Bronze Turlieys, JERSEY CATTLE; also Pedigreed and imported BELGIAN HARES, of '•Chamia..n Fashoda," Champion Dash," "Champion Yuk'ii; ' "Champion Edenboro" and other best impuitoil strains. Twenty-five years experience in breeding. stock and Eggs tor sale at all time.s. Circular and prices on application. 12-tf DECEMBER ^te^ 'kntered at the Postotfice, Ft. Pierce, Fla.. as second-class mail matter. ■ PATENTS GUARANTEED Our fee returned if we fail. Any one sending sketch and description of any invention will promptly receive our opinion free concerning the patent- ability of same. "How to obtain a patent" sent upon request. Patents secured through us advertised for sale at our expense. Patents taken out through us receive special notice, without charge, in The Patent Record, an illustrated and widely circulated journal, consulted by Manufacturers and Investors. Send for sample copy FREE. Address, VICTOR J. EVANS & CO,, % (Patent Attorneys,) Evans Building, - WASHIBiaTON, Dm C, We Pay the Freight. SURE HATCH „ INVESTIGATE BEFORE YOl BUY. Wewantourcstomers to be perl eaiy satisfied beforethe.v spend their monev. Investigate the clamisof all incubators and then decide. We helieve you will iind that tiie SURE HATCH INCUBATORS ^fJ^n^n!^^^^V h^k''^ FOLIHNG UROODEIfS are gMng better satisfaction im tl other made. 1 1 s because they are so simple, sensible and snre. Thev are buUt tor asTv?:t;;;; fo^^r^rl^^Tw^'hirmi'^'r- ^^ ^^^'^'"^"^ ^^ ^^^^- ^e don-t NCUBATOR COMPANY, CLAY CENTER, NEBRASKA. ^f^^^oh lool^in^fof^ i^orr^e ? Do you wish to make an investment? Have you any property which you wish to sell? No he has secured a copy 7i THE FARm\\ND RTAL^ESTATE^URNAV^Sf lI'°Tt, "f'^ t^v^thoif °V^™H^ -dy^rtised in it of any paper publbhed in^fhl''stit?';^f W U r ache's'tw" ty thousand readers each issue. It is one of the best papers to advertise in that there is nub l.shed m the state of Iowa It has a circulation in nearly"^ every state in the Unfon Eve^v man who handles real estate should be a subscriber to this Journal. He wi Ifitid That it vvfll^n^ h.m in he way of making enough deals the first month 'to more than hi tv t mes ply him for what the Journal would cost him for one year. Send 75 cents and we will mail "lou th^ Journal one year, or for ten cents in silver or stamps we will send vou the Tournal two months on tna^ Advertising Rates only ten cents per line for one month. Addres THE FARM AND REAL ESTATE JOURNAL, Traer. TAMA Co Ia ^TmiFrtitFfF!tiimTfiiiiifiiiiiiiii!t![iHi»f»i!!iiiiiitnnmimiiii!!nmii!iitititmitiiniiiii!i!iiiffiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii;iiiiiiiii!ntifmq [The Lamp of Steady Habits B iriin Ti^e lamp that doesn't flare up or smoke, or cause '*" you to use bad language ; the lamp that looks good when you get it and stays good; the lamp that you never willingly part with, once you have it ; that's Cbe Xm Rocbesten Other lamps may be offered you as " just as good " — they may be, in some respects, but for all around goodness, there's only one. To make sure the lamp offered you is genuine, look for the name on it ; every New Rochester lamp has it. We make oil stoves too, just as good as the lamps; m fact, anything in oil or gas fixtures. The Rochester Lamp Co., 38 Park Place and 33 Barclay St., New York. —-^ = jiiiiiaiihiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiwiiiiiiiiiiumiiiiim^^^^ Asthma Cure Free. Asthmaline CHAINED FOR TEN YEARS Hrini>s instant reliff and pornianent cui'e in all cases. Sent Absoltately Free on Receipt of Postal There is nothing like Asthmaline. It brings instant relief, even in the worst cases. It cures when all else fails. The Rev. C. F. Wells, of Villa Ridge. 111., says: "Your trial bottle of Asthmaline received in good condition. I cannot tell you how thankful I feel for the good derived from it. I was a slave, chained with putild sore throat and asthma for ten years. I de- spaired of ever being cured. I saw your advertisement for the cure of this dreadful and tormenting disease, asthma, and thought you had overspoken yourselves, but resolved to give it a trial. To my astonishment, the trial acted like a cliarm. Send me a full-size bottle." We want to send to every sufferer a trial treatment of Asthmaline. si milar to the one that cured Mr. Wells. We'll send it by mail POSTPAID, ABSOLUTELY FREE OF CHARGE, to any sufferer who will write for it, even on a postal. Never mind, though you are (iespairing, however bad your case. Asthmaline will relieve and cure. The worse your case, the more glad we are to send it. Do not delay, Avrite at once^ addressing. 10-6t THE TAFT BROS.' MEDICINE CO., Sold l)y all druggists. 7'J East 130th St.. New York City. VALMBLE BOOKS! SU00ES:FUL PIOEON BEEBDING — a pra-tlcal book treating in detail all points on success- ful pigeon breeding, illustrated, price - 50c AMEBICAK BELSUir EASE C7LTUBE— A practical book treating on all po.nts pertaining to Hare Culture. Also including the latest re- vised standard, illustrated, price - - - ,50c P0ULTE7, DAISY AND ACCOUNr BOOE - A very simple and easy method for keeping a cor- rect account of ones poultry for an entire year, price - - - - . - 2')C MONEY MAEINa SECEETS— Contains a large col- lection of valuable receipts and formulas for the manufacture of various articles in daily use. price ------ - lo'c HOW TO TEAIH AHIMALS-Tells how to teach horses, dogs, cats, mules, gaats. birds and other animals to perform tricks and feats of intelligence, price. . - - _ joc HOESS AND CATTLE DOOTOE - Giving causes, symptoms and treatment of the various dis- eases of horses and cattle, price - - 10c PAUILY COOK BOOS— Invaluable to every house- wife, price . - - - . - lOc PEACTICAL POULTEY EEEPBE-Guide to success- ful poultry raising, including chapter on making incubators and brooders and how to operate them, etc., piice ... loc Any or all of the above books sent postpaid on receipt of price named. Address all or- ders to « HENRY H. FRICK, Publisher, . FRICKS, PA. lorin Balrfi RemoA'es paint and grease from cloth- ing, carpets, silk or woolen goods; cures dandruff and chapped hands. Five ounce box and circular 50 o«nt$. AGENTS WANTED McCormick & Greening Co., Box 36, MONROE. MICH. "We have an awful appetite for orders." THE VV. T. FALCONER MFG., CO., Bee-keepers' Supplies ' Jamestown, N. Y. Send us your nanie^ and address for a cat- alogue. \'s;-' .' I ALL LOWERS OP MATURE "*^''^^''''^^'^in\''.TXressoe BIOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, BOTANY, MINERALOGY, ASTRONOMY, ENTOM- OLOGY, PHOTOGRAPHY, CHEMISTRY, HYGIENE, HEALTH, etc , slmulfl m.t fail lo secure, as a regular visitor lo their liume, Popular Science News, Instructive. C»f great value to teachers, aud persons engaged in educational work. InterestiiiK- To further iiilroducc fliis magazine, aii SrcCESS [new or renewal] " " 0 50 Thi; American' Bee-keepek [new]. " " 0 25 All Four for $1.68. *2 80 POPULAR SCIENCE NEWS [new] one year $1 tiO Review OP Reviews [new] '■ " 2 50 SucrEs.s [new or renewal] " " 100 The A.merican Bee-keepek [new] " " 0 50 All Four for $2.85. I $5 6(1 Subscriptions may be sent to one or different addresses. Subscriptions to the Review of Reviews, Popular Science News aud The Awerioan Bee-keeper must be new, but subscriptions to Success may be either new or renewal. Whenever possible remittances should be made by check or money order payable t wish to give the magazines a trial, and to those who are already reading them, I can offer some of the lowest clubbing rates that have ever been offered. 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Review of Reviews, (new) and the Bee- Keepers' Review, for only 5 00 Magazines will be sent to one or d ifferent add'resses as desired. New subscribers to THE REVIEW will receive the rest of this year free. ^i W. Z. Hutchinson, m FLINT, MICH. jVIoney in farm poultry when properly conducted. Let vis help you make poultry and other farm prodvicts profit able by sending you the FEATHER and FARMER six months for ten cents. A month- ly paper, 12 to 16 pages, 4S to 64 columns, large plain type, 50 cents a year. Address, FEATHER AND FARMER. Jeffersonville Ohio. Maritime Homestead Halifax and St. John, Canada Affords the best miedium of reaching the 100,- 000 farm homes in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Its ten pages, six columns wide and 'liy^ inches long, are brim full of up-to-date farm and home in- formation. It is published twice each month. Subscription price, 50 cents per year. Adver- tising rates on application. Address, THE MARATIME HOMESTEAD, Halifax, Can. The best Farm Paper published for the Driee is the FARMERS' AND PLANTERS' GUIDE, Baltimore, Maryland. Which will be sent to any address in the U. S. or Canada tive years for r»Oc, includinij any preminni mentioned in our advertisements. Send for sample copy. 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE DO YOUR HENS PAY? This woman understands her business, 10 Dozen Eggs at 36c. per dozen from 180 hens in one day. That Egg Basket tells the story. Trade Marks Designs . . Copyrights Slc Anyone sending a sketch and description may quickly ascertain our opinion fr«e whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patents sent free. Older.t agency for securing patents. Patents taken throueh Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Scientific Jlmerican. A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir- culation of any scientific journal. Terms, fd a year ; four months, $L Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN &Co.36'Broadway, New York Branch OfHce, 625 F St., Washington, B. C. There was a man in our town who thought him wondrous wise; he swore by all the fabled gods he'd never advertise. But his goods were advertised ere long, and therby hangs a tale: The ad. was set in nonpareil (this size), and headed SHERIFF'S SALE.— M. T. Ten Dozen at 36o. perdoz. In one day form 180 hens Our New Book "Helps for Poultry Keepers" tells how, explains why so many fail and so few succettl. A Book we can coinmeud with a good conscience as a GREAT HELP to all Poultry Keepers young or old. Describes 60 varieties of fowls, well Illustrated, and contains a Poultry Keepers Account showing gain or loss monthly ;on heavy paper worth 2!> cts. This Book Free with oiu- Poultry Paper one year tor 25o. or Book free with paper .S months for lOc. Descriptive circulars Free for stamp to pay postage. Wayside Poultry Co., t'lintonville, t^onn. 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FREE! lo any one sending me a list of twenty (20) farmers in their vicinity with their post-office address, we will send A FJRST-CLASS MONTHLY STORY PAPER for one yeai absolutely free. H. G. FREEMAN, Fryeburg, iSIe. IMPORTANT! Send us 10 cents and the names and ad- dresses of a few of your friends who are inter- ested in fowls, bees, fruits or farming, and we will .send you the FAR.\[ A.XI) POULTRY NEWS for one year. Sam|)le copy free. Address, W. D. HURST, Middlesboro, Ky. Traders or anyone usin.n- Calendars in large or small quantities will save money by getting our samples and prices. We manufacture 8(! original designs of Calendars and three sizes of pads. AVe sell direct to the user at first urice. H. G. FREKMAN iV- CO.. Fryeburg. Me. A nioniuly publication devoted to the Agric'ultural and Fioiticnltin-al inter- ests (if the West. 4- -f -♦- ^ - Department on Irrigation LawS: " Sugar Beets. Thirty-six to forty-eight pages, pro- fusely illustrated. Reliable informa- tion on any portion of Colorado fur- nished free. Send for sample coitv. DKXA'ER. - COLOKAIX). TPfssoari AND If you want to hear everything; abo u t trie South enclose a silver (juarter in a eominon letter for ii year's subscrip- tion to the Do you want to know all about HOGS? If so. send for sample <-()\>y of Ihc Western Swine Breeder, Only 25 cents per year. Lincoln. Neb. A Great Magazine Proposition. If you ai-e interested in the .Middle and Far West, send 10 cents silver, for trial year's sul)scrii)tion to THE GOLDEN WEST, The greatest family story i)ai)cr in America for the itrice. Golden West Pub. Co., St. Louis, Mo. jffrkaRsas D/Cissouri aad ^(rkarisas farmer and ^Fruilmaa,^ It tells you where to get cheap farming fruit, grazing and timbered lands: where lo go to fish, hunt and for health; about new towns, new railroads, and where to make pay- ing investments. The largest and handsomest HOMKSEEKERS paper in the United States. Address: R. .1. PROFITT, Publisher, Kansas City, Mo, Yoiu" advertisement to be a success must be placed in the ONLY success- ful FXCHAN(;E JOTTRNAL in exist- ence. A .j(> Mord ad. costs but 25 cents. Subscription .W cents a year. Sample copies 5 cents, none free. Your money back if not satisfied. THIS FOR THAT PUBLISHING CO., •227 Belden Ave.. Chicago, 111. Send us the names and addresses of 20 of vour friends and receive a twelve months' trial subscription to THIS AND THAT. Address the publisher, T. FoRTsoN Pruett, Sidney, N.Y. MAPS. Patents. Pensions. A vest pocket Map of your State. New issue. These maps show all the Counties, in seven colors, all railroads, postoffices — and many towns not given in the postal guide — rivers, lakes and mountains, with index and population of counties, cities and towns. Census — it gives all official returns. We will send you postpaid any state map you wish for 20 cents (silver). JOHN W. HANN, gtf Wauneta, Neb. BEE-KEEPERS. One of the largest undeveloped apicultural regions in America is to be found in Oklahoma and Indian Territories. The Oklahoma Farm Journal Oklahoma City, Okla., will tell you all about it. Subscrip- tion price $1 per year. N. B. Parties subscribing now will be receipted in full to Jan. 1, /903- 8tf W. H. WILLS PATENT and PENSION AGENCIES. Wills Kuildinj?, .112 Ind. Ave., WASHINGTON. 1). »:. If you wish to know anything about patents or pensions write to the above. They have been in the business continuously since 1882. The Patent Office has over a mil- lion ($1,000,000) dollars to its credit. The Bureau of Pensions disburses about one hundred and forty milli- ons ($140,000,000) dollars a year. .\n ad. will taring returns. How does this strike you? The SOUTH OMAHA Daily Times is the only general daily news- paper published in a city of 2601 inhabitants. Its various features make it a welcomed visitor to every home in South Omaha, and to hundreds of farmers and stock shippers in Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, Kansas, Colorado, and other cattle- and hog-raising states. Advertising rates very low. SOUTH OMAHA, NEB. 8tf THE WEEKLY SUN, Canada's Great Farm and Home Journal, PublLsbed at TORONTO, CAN. Special features, Farmers' market reports. Full and accurate reports of farmers' gatlierings. Interviews with progressive farmers on timely topics; stories and selections for the home. Nil other paper offers so good a medium of com- munication with the best fp'-mers of Canada. 8-t£ AGENTS Wanted in every town for our Washing Machines. You can double your money every time you sell one and they sell easily. We have sold over 150,000 in the last fourteen years. They are cheaper than ever. Catalogue Free. The Empire Washer Co., Jamestown, N. Y. The Iowa Horticultural Paper. Monthly, 50 cents per year. It is unique, planned on original lines. You cannot be up-to-date in fruit growing^unless you read it. Balance of this year free to new subscribers. THE FRUITMAN, gjj Mt. Vernon, Iowa. DO YOU READ THE MODERN n FARMER? I If not, why not? Perhaps you have never seen a copy. If not, send for one now, it's FREE, or you can get it a whc'.e year for 25c any time before January, 1902. Send today for a sam- ple, or send 2.'> cents and take it a year, and we will refund your money if not satisfied. Send us 10 cents and the names and addresses of five farmers and we will send you the paiDer one year. Clubbed with this paper for 50c. Ad- dress, MODERN .f^ARMER, j St. J()sei)h, Mo. "WHAT TO EAT" is a monthly magazine published at $1.00 a year. We will send "WHAT TO EAT" and THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER both for $1.00. BARNES' Foot Power MacMnery, This cut represents stock, low prices. Hank and person;il references, Alisolutely Reliable, lOW^A POULTRY CO. Box 88 (Conyriehtedi Des Moines la Go South. The Soil, Climate, Markets and many other advantages invite you. For free copies of Monthly Journal, and for Maps, Plats, Facts. Figures and full information, write A. Jeffers, 851 Main Street, ,.,.tf Norfolk, Va. GOLDENROD Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. Vol. XI DECEMBER 1901 No. 12 GOLDENROD. She stood, the blooming flowers among When Spring's soft airs were whis- pering, And all the woods were glad with song A poor, unsightly, weed-like thing. The Summer, with her languid sigh, Stole on and warmed the winnowing air. And still the wild bee passed her by, And still she grew, neglected, there. All scattered lie the flowers of Spring; The Summer's early bloom is dead; The song-birds have forgot to sing. The thrush to other haunts has fled. The mountain wears a misty crown; The first red leaves are flitting by; But to the fields is drifted down A glory from the glowing sky. A reflex of the ripened sun All Spring and Summer stored with care. The patient plant-heart's work is done, And now all nature owns her fair. And from each dainty, golden cup With amber nectar richly stored The Bacchant bees with rapture sup And hum love-ditties at her board. Thus the slow-clianging soul that keeps Within her secret depths a-glow And feels, as in long, dreamful sleeps, The germ immortal stir and grow — The soul that feared itself so poor. Half doubtful of its ripening. When Autumn's sun has warmed its core. May bloom at last, a radiant thing. — Danske Dandridge, in ".Toy and Other Poems." >->4-f>>-^>» Loving kindness is greater than laws; and the charities of life are more than nil cere- monies.— Talmud, Peculiarities of White Alder. (By Arthur C. Miller.) CLETHRA ALNIFOLIA, com- monly known as White Alder and Sweet Pepper Bush is both the most attractive and most tantaliz- ing honey plant with which I have had to do. Blossoming during the latter part of July and early part of August, it comes at a time when few other flow- ers are open, and when the hives are often nearly devoid of honey- Could it be depended upon to yield with even a reasonable degree of regularity, it would be a boon indeed, but it is more than erratic. It never fails to flower profusely, but it gives a honey shower only about once in seven years; a mod- erate flow, enough to put the bees in fine fettle for goldenrod and asters, for three years, and for the other three it is a flat failure. For twenty-one years I have watched this shrub but I am now no nearer discovering the cause of its failure one season and its success an- other, than I was at the beginning. Low, moist lands are its native soil, but it thrives in any good loam. Its foliage is a dark glossy green, and its long spikes of waxy-white flowers make it most showy. The perfume is heavy, reminding one of the tuberose. For low hedges this plant is excellent, growing close and dense and the stems never getting large and coarse as with California Privet, which in appearance and habit it somewhat resembles. The honey from this source is as pe- culiar as the yield is uncertain; in col- or it is a very pale amber, and in bodj', when thoroughly ripe, a little less heavy than that from clover. When new, it tastes much as the fiowers smell and is THE AM ERIC AK HEE-KEEPEH Decenihet' Bee=Keeping as a Side Issue. Or a Back-yard Industry. LESSON NO. 5. (By F- G. Herman. I ROM time to time there have been rumors that the making of artificial combs had become an so pronounced in flavor as to be cloy- accomplished fact, but so far these ru- ing, but if left in the comb until Christ- j^^rs have proven false, and the honey nias it is most delicious. But like all bee still keeps the patent royal on comb high-flavored honeys it fails to meet the making, palate of everyone. As an extracted The most that the inventor has been honey it is a failure; that is, it has al- ways proved so with me. It seems to de- mand the slow ripening in the comb to mellow it and rid it of its excess of essential oil, and no treatment which I have been able to give the extracteil article has helped it at all. In fact, if warmed up to what would be a perfect- ly safe temperature with most honeys, it is ruined and tastes horribly musty. This year the plant yielded a small surplus, but the honey fermented in the able to do is to furnish the bee with a pattern to induce her to build her comb straight and in an orderly, ship- shape fashion. These wax sheets, when cut into strips, with the impres- sions of the cells .stamped on them, are called "starters." They are fastened in- to the frames by the bee-keeper and are a great benefit to him, for with them he can regulate the amount of drone comb he wishes to have in the hive, be- sides giving great aid to the bees in combs. The weather was warm and building comb. Since it does not re- dry, and the colonies strong, but there q^ire either hard physical labor or very the combs were, full of honey, all full of „iuch previous special training, but bubbles and all unsealed, and the bees does call for the distinctly feminine did not seal it until g.yidenrof' began ^^^-^^^ of patience, tact and watchful- *■'-■ y"^'*^- ness, and since it promises in return Then: is ;niother variety of this plain, both pleasure and profit, bee culture C. Acuni.nata, or Mountain Sweet Pep ■ seems to me to be an almost ideal occu- per Bush, which is a native, I believe, of more southern districts, but is seen here ;n cultivation. As grown here i<; is much coarser than C. Alnifolia, and not .so attractive. T am not familiar with its characteristics as a honey plant. Providence, R. 1., Oct. 29. 1901. pation for the woman who wants to em- ulate the busy bee and improve each shining hour. In Delta. Colorado, there is an enter- prising woman who operates five hun- dred colonies of bees with only women help. It will be remembered that in Colorado the women enjoy the right of franchise, and they can run an apiary Lettuce is like conversati(jn; it must as well as a state- be fresh and crisp, so sparkling that Aside from its attencfent pleasures you scarcely notice the bitter in it. and profits, there is peculiar fitness in Lettuce, like most talkers, is however, that a beeliive is a living illustration, apt to run rapidly to seed. Blessed is a working model, and a triumphant in- that sort which comes to a head, and so dicatioti of the applied principles of wo- remains.— Warner. men's rights. In the bee colony the ! 1903 THE AMEJnCAN BEE-KEEPER 223 male is a necessary evil, or, rather, an evil necessity. He is hatched from an inferior egg, lives through a neglected infancy, reaches a despised maturity, has his little day and is promptly pushed oflf the boards; in other words is hastily dispatched by a disdainful and all-powerful femininity. To this rule he has no choice but to submit, since he is provided by nature with no weap- on of self defense in the shape of a sting, and hardly any tongue, though this perhaps would avail him little against so strong a feminine majority. Under this despotic feminine sway the kingdom is ruled both well and wisely, so perfectly indeed that a colony of bees has always been held up as a mod- el of good government. The woman who would prove the justice of her claim to a voice in the affairs of the nation has her enemies on the hip if she has a bee-hive in good working or- der, it is an irrefutable argument on her side of the question. But while a woman would scarcely become a Ijee- keeper for the sake of proving an ar- gument, she might well do it for the sake of the pleasure, aside from all thought of the very considerable profit which the occupation yields. In the bee kingdom everything is subservient to the making of honey. It is with this ultimate end in view that the queen, when six or eight days old, soars out of the hive on her wedding flight. With this end in view she re- turns to spend the rest of her natural life in laying (during the laying season which lasts from early spring to late falli eggs at the rate of two and three a minute. As she lives for three or four years, she thus produces in the course of her life time something like a million eggs, which should certainly enable her to feel, on her death-bed, that her time had not been wasted. Al- ways with the idea of the production of honey uppermost in her mind she lays but few eggs from which drones will be produced (these eggs are of a par- ticular kind which by an all-wise prov- idence, she can produce at will), but de- votes most of her energies to the lay- ing of eggs from which in the course of about twenty-one days worker bees will come forth. The same kind of egg is capable of producing either a worker or a queen, according to the manner in which it is fed. The power of decision as to whether an egg shall be developed into the one or the other rests not with the queen- mother, but with the worker bees, who thus not only control the present, but arrange the future as well. How much honey a colony of bees is capable of producing in a season de- pends greatly on the prolificness of the (jueen. and on the abundance of nec- tar-yielding flowers within a radius of two or three miles. Englewood^ N. J. 'Tis with our judgments as with our watches; none Are just alike, yet each believes his own. — Pope. Bee Pasture. (By L. E. Kerr.) VERY often we see the question asked: "Is there any plant that will pay to grow for hon- ey alone?" Whether such a plant ex- ists I will not try to say, but I do wish to say that this question sounds a lit- tle foolish, for who would wish to culti- vate a plant that furnished only nectar, while there are so many nectar-yield- ing ones, which furnish also excellent crops of fruit and grain. I am of the opinion that new plants for supplying nectar, are not half so desirable as would be giving attention more to some of our present field crops and study to have them coming on at the proper time to fill up the vacancies be- tween the main flows from the natural sources. I also incline to the belief that long- ", 224 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER December er tongued bees are to be desired more than short-tubed clover, for the reason that though the short-tubed clover may be had, advantage over the one single plant is all we have; while by- lengthening the bees' tongues till they can work on red clover, hundreds o\ plants equally as valuable as red clover would be brought within reach of the bees at a single step. In studying your locality, first learn from whence the m^in flows come, and then study to fill up the vacancies be- tween these by planting some paying crop which will make a quantity of some marketable produce as well as nectar. 'Bear in mind, however, that every locality has its natural honey flow, and that to plant anything which comes on during this would be simply worse than useless. Also there must be a lim- it to these proceedings, or, perchance, the bee-keeper may become entirely absorbed in that remarkable occupation called "farming," and suddenly discov- er that he has become "the man with the hoe," and is raising nectar for some other fellow's bees. It is a fact that more nectar is going to waste now than is being saved by the bees: the trouble being that it all comes on at once. It may be possible to some day get the flower question down so fine that we bee-keepers may have a "main" flow lasting a whole season. Then^ with this flora and bees "yellow from head to toe," and having tongues that will fit all the flowers; what may we not expect? Hurricane, Ark. When any great designs thou dost intend, Think on the means, the manner and the end. — Denham. When responding to any advertise- ment found in our columns, kindly con- fer a three-fold favor, by mentioning the fact that you saw the advertisement in the American Bee-Keeper. Flavor of Extracted Honey. Superseding Queens. (By G. M. Doolittle.) A COUPLE of qestions have been sent in to me with the request that I answer them in the Am- erican Bee-Keeper, which I will do with the editor's permission. The first one is, "What is the best plan to pre- serve the flavor of extracted honey?" To give extracted honey a fine fla- vor it must be thoroughly ripened. While some have evaporators, both sun and other, which they pass extracted honey through or over, that has been extracted in its thin or green state, till they tell us it is of nice quality and consistency, as well as having an excel- lent flavor, yet, in my opinion, no hon- ey has quite as nice flavor as does that which has been left on the hive till the end of the season, the bees having been allowed to ripen it till it is so thick that it will almost stand alone, after being taken from the comb. Of course, it is more work to extract such honey, but by keeping it in a room the tem- perature of which is nearly or quite loq degrees, for four or five hours, it can be extracted very nicely. When ex- tracted, honey should be stored in tin or earthen vessels, and kept in a dry warm atmosphere that is free from odors. Loosely cover and let it stand in this dry warm store room until all the air-globules have disappeared; the scum that arises being skimmed off, when the honey can be put into glass or tin vessels, ready for sale or family use; and it will retain its fine flavor for years, if kept in a proper place. SUPERSEDING QUEENS. The second question is this, "Is it advisable to let a queen become more than from a year to a year and a half old, before superseding her with a young queen?" Some believe it advisable to super- 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEl'ER 225 sede all queens each year, while others are more moderate and say that "every queen should be superseded when two years old," unless perhaps they except these most vafued for breeding pur- poses, such claiming that older queens, as a rule, are not so prolific as young queens; hence it often happens that old- er queens fail at a time when the work of storing surplus is interfered with. All this reads very nice, and if time hangs heavily on any bee-keeper's hands, here is a chance for such an one to pass away his time with the idea that he is doing that which tends toward a great- er financial gain; but with the average bee-keeper it is usually more work than he can do during the summer months, let alone any work of a doubtful nature. There is no question but that we want, for comb honey production, either very prolific queens, or queens which give bees having great longevity of life, or a brood chamber not of a size which will require the most prolific queen to strain every nerve to keep it filled with brood. I believe it more profitable to adjust our hive system to the average queen producing long lived workers, than to practice superseding queens every year, as some do. A queen should be allowed, according to my opinion, to remain as mother of a colony as long as she retains her fe- cundity, for the prolificness of a queen, and the long living of her offspring should be the test in this matter; not age. I never supersede a nice queen, no matter how old, until she shows signs of failing powers. I want queens for the good qualities of the workers coming from their eggs, and for that reason, power of production, and not age, is the rule to follow. I would not keep even a young queen, if she did not lay up to a fair average, and her workers showing a shortness of life, for there are a few queens which show before they are six months old that they are unworthy of the name of "mother," by the fewness of their short-lived off- spring. And where I find such queens, I always give their colonies something better to take their place, no matter how young they are. However, such queens as this last are the exception and not the rule; for the bees do not often allow such queens to remain in the hive long, especially if they are of the Italian variety. After experimenting in the direction of superseding queens for years. I now decidedly prefer to leave it to the bees to decide when their queens are worn out, unless, by outside observations, I believe they are holding on to same young qtieen not worthy of the name of "mother queen." As a general thing, the bees will make fewer mistakes in directing this delicate matter than the wisest apiarist is likely to make, there- fore I think it reasonable to leave this matter to them most generally. Borodino. N. Y. Oh, as the bee upon the flower, I hang Upon the honey of thy eloquent tongue. — Bulwer. Wm. Rohrig for Director. Just as we <;;o to press, (Nov 23). Gleanings for Nov. 15 comes to hand, and we note that Presi- dent Root has very kindly included the name of H. E. Hill in his nominations for directors of the National Association. While we deeply appreci- ate the honor thus con/erred, we more deeply re- gret the use of our name in this connection. That we are deeply interested in the success of the As- sociation and its work, is indeed true; but that the name of one who has never taken active part in the Association meetings, should be used, to the exclusion of the multitude of eminently more capable aud experienced gentlemen on all sides of us, is to be deplored. The American Bee-Keeper prefers to and insists on remaining outside, with the assurance that it will earnestly co-operat,i with the Association in every move which it recog- nizes as beneficial to the fraternity. Further than this we have no ambition, and believe that we can better serve the Association in this way. If it is desired that a representative be elected from this section of the South, let our readers who are members of the National Association, concen- trate their votes upon Mr. O. O. Poppleton, of Stuart, Pla., an experienced Association worker and a deAoted member; Dr. J. P. H. Browu, Au- gusta, Ga., or Mr. W. S. Hart, Hawks Park. Fla. Editor Root has placed in nomination Jthe name, also, of Mr. Wm. Rohrig, Tempe, Ariz., with the assurance that he is a gentleman worthy and ca- pable. Let's elect him. Remember, Wm Rohrig, Tempe. Arizona, is a candidate for director at the December elections. 226 THE A:\lERlr.\X BF/E-KEEPER December Dear Brotlier Hill: Now what do you think of A. Q. Cumber V He's all "cut up." peppered and vinegared, and writes as if I had "saulted him too. He says "the bee busi- ness ^needs some things pretty bad just now"— and it is getting "em. He also says he has always flattered himself, etc. Ah, me. how little he realizes that "pride cometh before a fall." Suppose you tell him for how much I under- took certain journali.stic labors: 'twill give him an awful tumble, so send him some of your oil to go with the pepper, vinegar and "sault. And will you be so kind as to loan him the volume of your encyclopedia containing the article on Samuel John.son. I..L. D.. Lexi- cographer. Journalist and Poet, after which he may be interested in Boswell's Life of Johnson. "Dr. Johnson, who- ever he may be." Oh. dear, tliat is ir- resistibly funny. 'Tis a wearisome and puzzling world, this, and one never knows how to take a body. Who'd have thought that Cu-" cumber was of the "spined" variety? Nothing was farther from my thoughts than hurting hi. feelings, but just see SEIRIEISI! Iiow he took my badinage. It grieves me much. Writing of grief reminds me of the first article in the October Bee-Keeper Ihat Rhode Islander grieves so over the shutting up of his bees for the win- ter that he even puts the hives into mourning— wraps them in black tarred paper. Fancy! does he weep too? So you have borrowed some "Stray Straws" have youV Was it to make bricks with? Well, you might have done worse, aye far worse. The kindly doctor, who presides over that depart- ment of Gleanings is one of those sun- ny souls who makes the world better just by being in it. Long may he stack straw. What do I think of the department "The Bee-Keeping World?" It's right good, but aren't you a little presump- tuous to try and get the World into your little paper? However, as you have that lively Tennesseean to help you. you will succeed. He's a whole regiment in himself: just a bit caustic now and then, but that adds spice. Then that solid German in York state gives weight and stability to your whirling universe. Um! So he of Cuba. N. Y.. has got after you. Well, you get no .sympathy here. Any one who will perpetrate such puns as you did and be as face- tious as you were in the October edi- torials deserves something hot. Bro. Abbott is trying to make trou- ble for himself. At the convention he said some forcible things about the need of mixing text books with brains. First, he knows some one will say he's THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 1901 "twins" with you or me or that Rhode Islander. In Gleanings' "Home" papers for October 15, A. I. R. talks of the send- ing of "expert teachers to the utter- most parts of the earth" Hum! seems to me our Scholars go to the uttermost parts of the earth for knowledgt.— and find it- Think he ever heard of the civilization and culture that existed thousands of years before we appeared on the turf? We're not the whole thing and we can learn a lot from those poor, ignorant foreigners. May- hap we can give them points on eco- nomical manufacture and on commerce, but in matters of profound and ab- struse thinking— well, 'twere meet that we observe extreme modesty. There is one of the boys who, no matter what the subject may be, is al- ways giving his opinion on it, and though his name carries weight, his ig- norance of some things is profound. Evidently he little wots that "That which we least know we most firmly be- lieve." He is getting to be to progress- ive bee-keeping what the Old Man of the Sea was to Sinbad- Never mind his name, but if you can't guess I will tell you sometime. Yours as ever, John Hardscrabble. Good counsels observed are chains of grace. — Fuller. The annual eouvention of the Ontario Cimitv. (N. Y.) Bee-keepers' Associa- tion wil lV>e held at Canadai.sna. Dec. 13 and 14. K>^>..H-f>^M^^>^ THE Bee -Keeping World .^^^.H-M-M-^^^^^^t-M- >-M-M-f^ Germany- Austria. Germany and Austria have two great bee-keepers' organizations, the older •jne, the Wander-Verein, the other of later origin, the Central-Verein. These two bodies held a joint meeting a year ago, which proved to be a success. This the good of an exhibition can only be had on the spot, there and then- (It has been the opinion of the writer that this feature, of an accompanying ex- hibition might be added to our Amer- ican bee-keepers' gatherings with prof- it.) To what extent these exhibitions are carried on may be judged from the ao'O, wnicn proveu lu uc a. ^u^_^^^o.-^. ^ ..-^ jjj-g carrieu uu may u^ j^^^^^ .- year again both met in Breslau, the jact that there were 95 exhibitors, show- residence of Dr. Dzierzon. A grand j^g ijve bees in full colonies, nucleus exhibition of bees, bee hives and sup- hi^gs and queen cages. Over 100 colo- plies was held in connection with the ^igg of bees were exhibited. A con- meeting- In fact these exhibitions al- ygnt from Breslau brought several in- ways form the most interesting and im- habited old and clumsy log-gums secur- portant part of the whole proceedings, ed by heavy iron hoops and pad-locks. Bee-keepers come from far and near to Another exhibitor had placed eighteen inspect the hives and fixtures in partic- colonies of bees on exhibition. Gun- ular The discussions taking place at ther-Gispersleben was present with an the sessions can be read in the bee old, badly worn hi^^e, which served him journals at leisure any time after, but when he began bee-keeping 50 years THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER December ago, etc., etc. It is further reported that 30 colonies had perished in tran- sit (from this latter fact it would seem that the German bee-keepers might learn from their American friends, in particular of Mr. Coggshall, who has been sending carloads of bees to dis- tant points, such as Cuba, etc., without loss worth mentioning.) The exhibition of bee hive^j was as complete as that of bees, there being dwelt upon his theory, the Partheno- genesis. He cannot forgive or forget that a man of our age (Dickel) could have the audacity to oppose it, and that some bee periodicals continue to open their pages to Mr. Dickel and allow him to argue his case. Baron Bela Ambrozy spoke of the advantages of the twin-hive of Dzier- zon, Guhler about adulteration of hon- ey, and what to do to prevent it, etc- shown 80 different hives, from the It would lead too far to give even a sy- straw skep, log-gum and Huelper to the most improved hive of the present day. However, I have failed to notice that a single American hive has been spok- en of. I know there are sonic cf our hives in use over there, and I am sur- prised, and I regret that none should have been exhibited. I believe some good and profitable work could be put in here by our manufacturers. A conspicuous part of the exliibition, next to the honey show, was the col- lection of honey wine, honey beer and other honfey-liquors, a branch of busi- ness almost wholly neglected in Amer- ica, and perhaps, justly so, as the desir- able class of men, such as we wish to associate with, abstrain from these things and consequently do not pro- duce them. This matter seems to stand different in Germany, and it really seems strange to the American, that the Germans should consider it neces- sary, in order to create a high degree of enthusiasm for the occasion, to im- bibe large quantities of wine and beer. I have observed that these things are more often a disturbing element in America. Perhaps it is all right to use them in Germany. It may be a matte.- of locality. At any rate, the bee-keep- ers' conventions are generally held in places where wine and beer is being manufactured and dealt out. The discussions of the great conven- tion did not bring out anything new, so far as I have been able to learn. Dr. Dzierzon, as the first speaker, again nopsis of the many addresses. Suffice it to say that the participants passed tome very pleasant days and that no aiscord marred the harmony. The Leipziger Bienen Zeibung makes note of an interesting experiment made by Forel-Morges, Germany, testing the intelligence of the honey bee- Forel had a quantity of Dahlias blooming in his garden which were frequented by his bees. Among these ilowers he placed some artificial ones, made of different colored papers, also putting a little honey into each one. The bees entirely ignored these artificial flowers. Not un- til Forel caused one of the bees to come in direct contact with the honey contained in one of the red flowers did the bee take notice of it. She contin- ued to work on the artificial flowers, but she brought no other bees with her (the bee had been marked with red paint). Quite a number of other bees were shown the hidden treasures, and after a little time all bees turned their attention to the artificial flowers, whol- ly neglecting the others. Forel now removed all the artificial blossoms, when the bees resumed their labor, working as before, on the others; but as soon as he returned them, they at once again searched the paper flou'ers for honey and left the natural bloom, working on the former as long as hon- ey could be found. "Where is the proper place to store honey," has been discussed in Leipzi- ger Bienen Zeitung. It seems to be 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 229 agreed that the principal thing to be looked after is, absence of moisture. An- other point is made- Light is claimed to injure honey. We cannot see that light has any bad, effect upon honey; excepting direct sunlight. Dr. Josef Langer, as reported in Bie- nen Vater, has made a careful exam- ination of the bee poison. The compo- sition is different from what has been supposed. The water-white, clear fluid contained only slight traces of formic acid: the poisonous part is a substance by itself. Bacteria are ab- sent in the fluid, and it is assured that on this account it cannot produce in- flammation and blood poisoning in the strict sense of the word. Difficulties often arise from the use of unclean an- tidotes, scratching with the finger- nails, etc. There appears to be a dif- ference in the quantity of poison in dif- ferent bees. The poison sack of a young bee contains about 0-00015 gram; of field-bees. 0.00025-35 gram. It has been ascertained that the sting of a bee affected with dysentery is much more painful than that of a healthy bee- It was also found that the secretion of the poison was greater when bees worked on buckwheat than at other times. Several cases are reported in Graven- horst's, B.Z.,of blood poisoning having been cured by incidental application of bee stings. As soon as granulation begins ex- tracted honey should be stirred at short intervals during the process of crystali- zation. This will cause the grain to be fine and prevent the separation of the thin portion from the crystals, so says Mangier in Gravenhorst's, B. Z. He also gives other good hints regarding the taking and handling of the crop. Much smoke injures the flavor. Ex- tractors, uncapping cans, honey knives and other implements and utensils should not be left standing very long with honey adheri.ig, but should be cleaned with boiling water as soon as possible- Combs with much pollen should not be put into the extractor; or, at least, honey from such combs should be kept by itself. Combs, con- taining brood should be kept above queen excluding metal long enough to allow all bees to hatch out before ex- tracting the honey therefrom. After the honey has been standing a few days the upper portion, containing particles of wax, etc., should be removed and used for feeding, it is therefore not practical nor advisable to fill any re- ceptacles calculated to go to the con- sumer directly from the extractor. Extracted honey, having a tendency to absorb moisture from the surrounding atmosphere, unpleasant odors, etc-, should be tightly covered. Tin vessels are to be preferred. Bee-keepers should make it a point (which the writ- er emphasizes) that their extracteil honey goes to the consumer in original unbroken packages. Very little, if anything, has appeared in German bee periodicals Oi late about t)reeding bees for quality. .5pitz-Stadel l)rings up this matter in lllustrierte B. Z., and tells of his success in treating six selected colonies that had done poorly for two seasons, in the following manner: The old queens were removed at the time when his other colonies were swarming and ripe cells from the latter were substituted. In due time the six colonies went away ahead of their past records, and that of the other colonies. (It strikes us that superior blood had nothing to do with the suc- cess of these six colonies during that season, as the honey season was over by the time the bees from the young queens came upon the stage of action. However, we believe in breeding for quality, but we also believe that pro- gress will be very slow). Brazil. The Brazilianische Bienenphlege in speaking of differently colored honeys, reports a case of two bee-keepers be 230 THE AM ERICA X BEE-KEEPEh' DecemlxM- ing located within a ten-minutes" walk of one another; the bees of one gather- ing water-white honey, the bees of the other very inferior, dark honey. This, of course, at the same time. One apiary is located near an extensive forest, the other near a body of water. The inference is, that bees do not make long flights when gathering honey. (The majority of American authorities would say: *Mf one of these two apiar- ies, being located within a half-mile of the other, was near a forest or a body of water, both were near.") F. Greiner. Florida. An Interesting Descriptive Letter From One in Quest of Light and Consolation. Grant. Fla.. Oct. 21, 1901. Editor American Bee-Keeper: Dear Sir — When we heard you were on your way to Florida to be one of us, there was great rejoicing. "Now," we said, "we will have some one to tell us all about bee-keeping in the land of flowers." We will know at least what our neighbors 40 and 50 miles away are doing without going and seeing. Also we will soon know why bees will stay in their hives and go supperless to bed, rather than go out and fill their two stomachs with saw palmetto honey (and keep the bee-keepers' empty, too). Now, are they afraid that the hot sun will cook the nectar, using the bee as frying pan, or have they got "that tired feeling" we people in the South have at that time of the year? I have watched my bees and won- dered and wished chance would send some one to us who could tell. I think your readers musr say to one another. "Well! the bears have got all of Hill's bees, and Poppelton's have all died with paralysis, can't be any more down in Florida, or the editor would say something about them." I watched The Bee-Keeper last spring to find if all the bees on the east coast had declared a strike on, or if it was only my own 80 colonies who refused to gather, while they could; so, as I could find nothing, I thought I would set sail on a voyage of discov- ery. The wind being fair (fare on the train to Vero) we started for Mr. H. Gif- ford's 300-colony apiary, about 20 miles south of Grant. Arrived three miles north of his place and was met by Mr. Gififord with a team of mules. Flies be- ing bad and team good, we soon ar- rived at his home and found a hearty welcome and supper awaiting us. Mr. Gififord took me out to see the home apiary at once. The sun was down, and the last workers were com- ing home loaded. It made my heart glad to see them, and by the hum, the bees were as happy as I. It reminded me of seasons when good strong colo- nies put in two to three hundred pounds. I had kept bees nine years, and have learned all I know of others' experi- ence from reading; so you may know what a pleasure it was to meet Mr. Gif- ford and son- The father has kept bees since 1863, and is well read on the sub- ject. He comes from Vermont, and has lived in Florida about fifteen years. I learned a great many things, among the rest was that my own bees were about as good as any one's. Also that I did not have all the bee trouble there was in the world. We talked long- tongued bees, and neither could see why some of our own bees did better than others. For all of our southern ]!xn THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER -231 flora are very small and shoal. Tongues would have nothing to do with us. Wing power and carrying' capacity would. Some colonies, of equal strength, will have a difference of one hundred pounds of honey. Why is it? He has bought queens; so have I; mine were all poor; his good, only when shipped to him in winter, aftei queens' quit laying. Mr. G. says it is like turning a fresh milch cow out in the woods for a week and expect her to give as much milk as she would have done if milked and taken care of. I read about improving your stock. I have got as good queens from poor queens, as I ever have from my best, and I have had queens that would keep three ten-frame bodies full of brood, and bees to store 300 to 400 pounds of honey- When the bees don't gather honey, we all yell, "Poor stock." When conditions are wrong bees will not gather boney, and we will have poor years as long as the world lasts. I don't know why, would like to. Who does know? 'Next morning Mr. Charley Gifford, wife, sister and the rest of "we" went to the ocean beach, five miles away, two miles by land and three by water. They have an out apiary on an island in the river. W^e stopped and looked through some, and found the strongest doing very good work, in supers. They only worked nights and mornings. On our way to the beach I looked into saw palmetto and saw plenty of nectar, it was then 11 o'clock. There were no bees on the bloom though the woods was sweet with the odor. We walked up the beach and back to the river by another trail. I looked for bloom and bees. It was just as it was in the morning. At half past three we were back at the out apiary and the bees had just gone to work. Why didn't they work all day? The next day Mr. Gifford took me to an elevated out apiary he has on the mangrove marsh, two miles south of his house. We drove, and it was hard pulling through the stiff, wet, marsh clay. There was about fifty colonies and they were at work on saw palmetto, but were put there for mangrove, which comes later. There was quite a good body of it. The bees were put up above the ground about 10 feet, to be above the water in gales, and barbed wire was put around them to keep the bear out. The same day Mr. Gifford opened hives at home, for me so I might see how they looked inside. He uses Hoff- man frames entirely. I use thick tops below and all wood in super, as I can uncap faster. I worked the smoker, and he the hives and frames. I at home work alone, and use very little smoke, and don't kill any bees. Mr. Gifford likes lots of smoke, and, what was more wonderful to me, let me talk just as fast as I wished. That always bothers me- He showed me some of his best queens. They were beauties, and some hives had fifty pounds of honey- After looking at the best, I said: "Mr. Gifford, will you, as a favor to me, for future use, when I get discouraged, show me the poorest one you have?" • I know I am mean for telling this.) He walked to a hive and opened it. I think there were about 100 bees in it. and a small patch of drone brood. 'He told me the hardest thing he has to contend with is poor queens. He re-queens every year, but out of 300 colonies he is bound to have one poor queen, just like myself. He has found like myself, that bar- rels are the only thing for us to ship in- Tin costs too much. Mr. Gifford showed us his fruit farm. It was splendid, and as I did not have any at home he gave me three bearing trees, but I did not bring them home with me, as our land will not suit them. 232 THE AMERICAN LEE-KEEPEll December He has all kinds of fruit that will grow on the Indian river, and I think the most complete fruit farm on the whole east coast. They were truly fine. The birds and I had a fight over the mulberries. They were as good as the best New York blackberries, and the trees were very large and had had bushels of fruit on them. I cannot tell about the oranges, Ja- pan persimmons, mangos, bananas, guavas, and other fruit I am not ac- quainted with. We had oysters for supper. They have a bed that keeps fat all summer. Next day, our time being up. we had to go home. On our way to the station, we stopped at another out apiary. They call it the "yellow apiary," as the bees there come the nearest to be- irg pure Italian. I left home very much discouraged with bee-keeping, but Mr. Gifford thought it paid about as well as any n.ral pursuit and that we get a crop in Florida as often as else- where. He has got some big crops in former years, but the last two years the crops have been poor. I think his place is over stocked- There are about 800 colonies on a ten-mile strip. Mr. Gififord believes we can cure our honey too much for our cvvn good, as thin honey sells for as much in the north as thick. I have always left mine on the hives till all sealed, and so saw palmetto would pile up on the funnel, when bar- reling it, but I don't know as it paid in pennies. Cabbage palmetto honey can't be cured so, must be "endured." But it makes the best cake. I read so much about the commission houses being such bad places to send honey, that I shipped my first without any idea of hearing from it again. Think of my surprise at receiving a check paying me more than I was getting, delivered, by the gallon 20 miles away, that is, retail- ed at people's houses. Too much has been said about home market, in our bee papers. Now Mr. Editor! I hear tell of the great St. Lucie river apiaries and what big bee-keepers live there. As you are one of them, why can't you tell us something about Florida bee-keeping? Is there nothing in it to tell? I thought there was when I was learn- ing. Am I the only subscriber you have who is interested in it"-* If so will say no more. My bees are in fine condition for next season, and have hopes that it will be " an old timer." I hope that there is paper enough here for you to build your fire with, and don't blame you if you do so. Yours very respectfully. (Mrs.) Sarah A. Smith. (There is a great deal in Florida in regard to which much might be written that would doubtless prove of interest to resident bee-keepers, as suggested by our esteemed correspondent, and we shall endeavor to give "The Land of Flowers" its due proportion of consid- eration. It should be borne in mind, however, that by far the greater por- tion of our readers live in the northern states; while The Bee-Keeper's circula- tion extends to every English-speaking country in the world. Florida bee-keep- ers, as well as those of every quarter are cordialy invited to send us material for publication; so that The Bee-Keeper may maintain a well balanced variet> of generally representative matter. We should be pleased to have all our read- ers correspond freely- Such a letter as the foregoir^g, we are sure, will find in- terested readers everywhere. Come one-, come all. — Editor. "About the bloom the bee abides. While humming birds flit to and fro; A langour over earth presides, And Nature's voice is hushed and low." By preserving the copies of The Bee Keeper and having them bound, a val- uable reference volume is secured. For the benefit of those who do so, an in- dex is included in this, the final number for 1901. THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEi'ER 283 rUlJLiSHED MONTHLY BY THE W. T. FALCONER MANFG. Co. H. E. HILL, - EDITOR. TERMS : Fifty cents a year in advance; 2 copies 8& cents; 3 copies, $1.20; all to be sent to one postoffice. Postage prepaid in the United States and Canada; 10 cents extra to all countries in the postal union, and 20 cents extra to all other countries. ADVERTISING RATES : Fifteen cents per line. 9 words; $2.00 per inch. Five per cent discount for two inser- tions; seven per cent for three insertions; 10 per cent for six insertions; twenty per cent for twelve insertions. Advertisements must be received on or be- fore the 15tli of each month to insure inser- tion in the month following. Matters relating in any way to business should invariably be addressed to THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER, Falconer, N. Y. Articles for publication or letters exclusively for the editorial department may be addressed to H. E. Hill, Fort Pierce, Fla. Subscribers receiving their papei in blue wrapper will know that their subscription ex- pires with this number. We hope that you will not delay favoring us with a renewal. A red wrapper on your paper indicates that you owe for your subscription. Please give the matter your early attention. INFLUEN'CE OF TRANSFERRING LARVAE- It will be remembered by our read- ers that, on page 133, July number, Mr. Alley wrote of the detrimental influ- ence upon the queens which transfer- ring the larvae imparted. Mr. F. L. Thompson, in Progressive Bee-Keeper, says he was inclined to regard this as a fanciful idea. It appears, however, that Mr. McNeal's contribution in August number, in which it was claimed that, "When a larva is transferred to the cup it does not matter how much royal food is given at the time, the bees always remove it," afiforded a plausible solu- tion of Mr. Alley's unsupported claim. Continuing the subject, Mr. Thompson writes: "'I mentioned this to Mr. Shatters, who had had a long experience in rear- ing a great many queens by the cell- cup plan. He replied that if the food given is perfectly fresh and thin, the bees do not remove it; and if queens so reared had weakened constitutions, why was it that the average life of his queens, reared by the cell-cup plan, was three to four years, while the average life of queens in the same yard from natural-swarming cells was only two years? Moreover, he said if any plan is unnatural, it is the Alley plan; for natural queen-cells have thick bases, and artificial cells, still thicker ones; while the bases of the Alley cells are only protected by the thickness of a worker-cell wall, from extremes of temperature, which may affect both the larvae and the food. So, there are both sides of the question, and the reader can take his choice — or, better, reserve his judgment." Ah, but there is wisdom in that last sentence. Both the Doolittle and the Alley plans, together with their numer- ous modifications, are successfully prac- ticed by experienced breeders, and we all know that excellent queens are reared by both methods. There can be no doubt that if every feature of each system were scientifically and practical- ly weighed, one or the other would demonstrate its general superiority; but, with Mr. Thompson, we say, let us reserve our judgment, yet a while. 234 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER A KNOTTY PROBLEM- December One would hardly think it possible to propound a question relating in any way to apiarian subjects that would l)affle the sages and wise counsellors recently convened at Buffalo. The question-box comprised the whole pro- gramme, or nearly so; and yet, it ap- pears, one little problem, apparently simple, which was tliere brought to light, is now seeking its solution through the medium of the apicultural press. It is none other than a feasible and acceptable method by which direct- ors and general manager of the Nat- ional Association may be nominated in advance. That the board of directors of the National Association should be chosen in such a manner as to fairly represent all quarters of the United States, is a point upon which we have dwelt in the past. There is no word of fault to find with any member of the present board — far from it. They are all worthy gentlemen — faithful officers, of which the Association is proud; but that has naught to do with the obvious fact that a more representative board would re- sult beneficially to the Association. Perhaps no one more than the mem- bers of the board themselves, appreci- ate the truth of this fact; but they have been duly elected by the members, and. like good, faithful officers, are doing their duty nobly. One of the best things brought out at the Buffalo con- vention was the fact that this unequal distribution of officials is a necessary result of the present system — a system by which each member is obliged to select some friend or acquaintance on short notice, or cast his ballot for the present incumbent, which has resulted in a very scattering vote, and the elec- tion, sometimes, of more than one di- rector in a state, while a very large di- vision of the Union has been left en- tirely without representation. Suppose, as has been suggested by President-elect Hutchinson, in the Bee- Keepers' Review, that circumstances should arise by which a change of di- rectors or general manager was neces- sary to the welfare of the Association. Under the present individual, quick- meal plan of making nominations, it would be next to impossible to effect such a change. It is one of those lit- tle things that become more perplex- ing as they are considered. Its solu- tion must come through a suggestion which will result in the nomination of candidates, we should say, not later than July; so that the members will have ample time for thought or corre- spondence before the December elec- tions. Our readers are invited to use these columns in giving expression to their ideas relating to the matter. The last number of the eleventh vol- ume is in the reader's hand, and we are now preparing to enter upon our twelfth year under more auspicious con- ditions than at any time within the his- tory of the present management. We are grateful for the numerous courte- sies and kind acts extended by cfur pat- rons during the year just closed, and trust our efforts may be deemed worthy of their continuation through 1902. That every reader of the American Bee-Keeper may enjoy a Merry Qirist- mas, a very Happy New Year and a prosperous whole year to come, is a sincere wish jointly extended by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. and H. E. Hill. Hereafter it is our purpose to mail The Bee-Keeper on the first of each month. If any reader should fail to re- ceive his copy in due time, kindly write us promptly, and another will be imme- diately sent. Address. Fort Pierce, Fla., as the editor will have charge of the mailing list in the future. r irnu THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER The home of THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, Flint, Mich., was the scene of a de- lightful double wedding on October i6th ; the occasion being the marriage of Editor Hutchinson's twin daughters, the Misses Nora and Cora, two of Flint's most estima- ble and accomplished young ladies. The former, who has for. several years been a compositor in the REVIEW oftke, is now Mrs. A. G. Hartshorn, and is mistress of her own home, happily situated next door to the paternal roof. Mr. Hartshorn holds a position with a leading dry goods house of Flint. The other happy man is Mr. E. F. Hanneman, a carriage-trimmer of the same city, whose new domicile is located but a block from "father" Hutchinson's home ; so, the pleasure of the occasion is not even marred by the usual separation. Both of Editor Hutchinson's new sons are industrious young men of exemplary character. While extending sincere well wishes to all, The BEE-KEEPER desires to be especially specific in its congratulations to Brother Hutchinson, upon the fortunate acquisition of two such estimable sons, a commodity upon which, it appears to us, he has always been very "short.'" The young ones have THE BEE-KEEPER'S blessing. MR.AJVD MRS. E. F. HANNEMAN. MR. AND MRS. A. G. HARTSHORN. 2y IH Notes from France 155 Bee Supply Exhibit at -BufTalo ........ 140 Notes from Switzerland 155, 175, 190,209 Bee-keeping as a Side Issue.. 150, 1(.9, 194, 202 Notes from Germany 1.56. 173, 192, 208, 210 Bee-Keeping as a Side Issue 222 Notes from China 157,193 Bee-keepers are Careless 1.53 Notes from Sweden 173 Bee Pasture.... 223 Notes from Greece 17.3 Bee-Keeping World.. 227 Notes from Argentina 173 Buckwheat and Memories...... 158 Notes from Brazil 173 Bees m a Belfry Cause Trouble . 193 Notes from Italy 173 Bee Stings for Rheumatism 91,111 Notes from Samoa 197 Boy a Victim of Bees 13o Notes from Austria 207,273 Blind Bee^keeper, The 147 Notes from Egypt 209 Bee-keeping on a Newspaper Building 202 Notes from Chili 209 Bee-Stings...... 213 Nut with a Dollar "in" it. "AV.'.V.V. .! 1 ! ll! 1 ! 29 Bears in the Apiary 216 n. Y. S. A. B.-K. S. Report of Geneva Black Brood ...... 27 Convention 42 Cell-starting Colony, The...... o October Items, A Few 1S3 Comb Honey Production, An Idea Relat- Odds and Ends 49 ing to... .... . 30 Ontario Countv" (X.'y.V "Bee-Keepers' Controlling Fertilization 78 Convention. ' Notes from the 21 Cupid and the Bee 152 Outwitting the \nts . 212 Cayuga County (N. Y.) Bee-keepers' So- Pan-American Exposition 33 ciety.. ■■,••::;. Wc' ' 'r-V \.l Peculiarities of White Alder 221 Clipping Queens Wings 26, 61,112 Poisoning Bees bv Spraying 50 Clothes Pin.s Come Handy 1(1 Pointers bv "Swarthmore- 135 Canada, A Letter From 94 PoUen Substitutes 166 Co-operative Queen-rearing 119 Preparing Honey for Market 144 Drone Rearing.... 2( Preparing Bees for Winter 171 Do Bees Damage Fruit? o9 Prevention of Increase 102 Drone Catcher, A New 70 Problem, A Knottv 2.33 Drone Catchers...... 101 Pridgen, Mr. W^ H 109 Drones Something About 105 Planting for Honev 131 Doohttle. Ml- G. M 6 Oualifying for an Apiarist 2 Exchanging Colonies...... .. 67 Oueen-rearing, Three Essential Points in.. 53 rastening l"ounaation in Brood frames.. 176 Oueens... 7? Feeding Back 152 Queens! !...."!!" 70 February Work 23 Oueen-rearing Pointers ." ! 148 Ferris Wax Extractor. 88 Oueen Cage and Nurserv. A New 188 Foul Brood. Origin of.. 26 Oueenlessness. Etc .' 92 Foundation in Comb-building 57 Oueen Introduction 205 ^rom Oyer the Sea 136 Oueen and Drone Traps. .Something New Extracted Honey 81 jn f, Feeding for Winter 167 Oueen "BeeV'fhe. ■.'.'.'.'.'.■.■.'.■.'.".'.'.'..'.;; l! 1 '."! ! 10 Fonda. ....230 Oueens frofn the Mails 17 IMavor of Extracted Honey.— Superseding Oueens T Knew Some 32 4" Queens 224 Oueen-rearing .' 65 Foreign Bee Literature, Extracts From 106 Ouestions are Easy The 11 Feeding for Hard Work 109 Ouestions, Another ' Solution" of'.'.'.'.'.'." ii! ! 11 Getting Ready for the Honey Crop 51, d Questions. The November 31 Germany- Austria 227 Question Box, N. Y. S. A. B.-K. S. Con- Good Management Makes Good Luck 164 vention 68 Goldenrod 221 Rearing Queen's. '.";.!..'.".'.'.'.'..;!.';!' I"." ' 143 Hart, Mr. \y. S 91 Removing Honey from the Hives 152 Herman and His Teachings, Mr 198 Rendering Wax . . Ill Honey and Beeswax Market 225 Robbers and Thieves. . ........"!!!!!!!!! ' 148 How to Quell the Temper of Bees 123 Roadside Weeds 129 Honey Bee, The 219 Saw Palmetto '.'..'.'.'.'.'."."!! 121 Hundred-dollar Queens 16.133 Scraper, A Home-made 93 House Apiary. A 125 Seasoning Series r5. 104. IZP. 146. 168, 186 Improvement in Stock 126 311. 2?6 Introducing Queens 83 Securing'tlie Hohe'v 'Crop.. ............... 108 Is It Best to Keep Bees? 54 Setting Bees From 'Cellar. Etc 44 1901 THE AMERICAN BEE-KEEPER 237 Page. Setting Foundation, An Aid in 189 Shall Honey-producers Buy or Rear Their Oueens? 63 Singular Battle, A 26 So Say We 11 South Dakota Bee-Keepers 57 Spring Feeding Unprofitable 206 Stimulative Feeding 166 Storage Rack 69 Spraying Again 79 "Stray Straws" 185 Strength of Colonies 85 Supersedure, A Case of 51 Superseding, Etc 112 Swarthmore Apiaries, The 43 "The Life of the Bee" 202 There are No Queen-breeders 161 Tidiness in the Hive 212 Tobacco Smoke for Introducing Queens.. 15 Told by a Man from Texas 10 Tongue-reach 77 Trouble in Rochester 180 Uncapped Section Honey 184 U. D. Queen-rearing and Nursery Cage, The 42 Unpainted Hives 1. 86, 122,165 Uniting Bees 103 Utter Foolishness 18 Wake Up 72 Want Relief from Busy Bees 135 Wax Extractors 99 Wax "Secret," The 15 Weak Colonies in the Spring 47 Yellow Wax and Slow Cooling 12 West Florida, Bee-keeping in 7 What to Do 4 White Clover and Saw Palmetto 162 Wintering Bees in Canada 166 Won One on Number One 53 Yellow Wax Discussion, The 134 $200 Queens 119, 161 ILLUSTRATIONS. A New Drone Catcher 70 Arthur C. Miller 21 G. M. Doolittle 1 Apiary of Mr. Herman 143,151 Employees of W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co 34 F. G. Herman 194 Factory of W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co 9 Ferris Wax Extractor 88, 89 Goldenrod 221 House Apiary of F. G. Herman 125 Hill's Queen and Drone Traps 6 Leaves and Bloom of Saw Palmetto 121 Maurice Maeterlinck 203 Officers, Cayuga County Bee-Keepers' As- sociation 164 Ruins of a Bear Raid 216, 217 Swarthmore and His Apiary 52 U. D. Queen Nursery 44 Uncapping Honey 170 W. S. Hart 81 Wax Refiner 90, 91 Wax Ready for Crating 90 \V. H. Pridgen 101 W. F. Marks 114 CONTRIBUTORS. .\lley, Henry Brown, W. J. Barber, T. H. Chase, S. Castle, Ida M . Cumber, A. Q. Doolittle, G. iVL "Enterprise." Freeman, Willis H. Feathers Porter A. M Ferris, C. G. Jameson, H. M. Kernan, Wm. Kerr, L. E. Lind, M. H. McNeal, W. W. Mobley, Geo. H. Miller, Arthur C. Miller, Dr. C. C. Norton, D. B. Parker, J. W. Poppleton, O. O. Greiner, F. Greiner,, G. C. Gray, A. J. Getaz, Adrian Grimsley, J. O. Hardscrabble, John Hart, W. S. Howard, C. B. Herring, Rev. C. M. Head, W. E. Heffner, H. Haight, E. J. Herman, F. G. Heath, J. F. Johnson, A. E. Johnson, J. H. Pridgen, W. H. Putnam, Bessie L. Parker, C. W. Ouirin, H. G. Rogers, H. J. Reeve, M. F. Smith, Harry L. Stevens, N. L. Simpson, Frederick B Saunders, Geo., Jr. "Swarthmore." Shepherd, M. W. Shephard, W. W. Stephenson, W. T. Smith, Mrs. Sarah A. Walton, W. D. LITERARY NOTES. The Best Christmas Gift for a Little Money. Sent as a year's subscription to The Youth's Companion. $1.75 will buy the fifty-two weekly issues of The Youth's Companion for 1902. It will buy the two hundred and fifty fascin- ating stories in the new volume for 1902. It will buy the fifty interesting special ar- ticles contributed by famous men and women to the new volume for 1902. It will entitle the new subscriber who sends in his subscription now to all the issues of The Companion for the remaining weeks of 1901 free. It will entitle the new subscriber for 1902 to one of The Companion's new Calendars for 1902, lithographed in twelve colors and gold. Full illustrated announcement of the new volume for 1902 will be sent to any address free. THE YOUTH'S COMPANION. 195 Columbus Avenue, Boston, Mass. WHAT TO EAT. is deplete with Novel Entertainments, Hurnor- ous bits for the entertainer. Table stories, Ideas for the Afterdinner Speaker, Toasts, Sentiments, etc. "Six Dinners" — our little book telling how to send out invitations, prepare and serve six dinners and luncheons, will be sent free, postage prepaid, to all who send in $1.00 for a year's subscription to What to Eat. Herald Building, Chicago. THE NOVEMBER "AMERICAN BOY." The American Boy for November (Sprague Publishing Co., Detroit, Mich.) is an attrac- tive number. The stories are: "The Bear Kid- nappers of Crow Peak." "A Double Rescue," "Ned's Stratagem," and "The Switch at Mud Run." Among the leading articles are : Working My Way Around the World, by Harry Steele Morrison, the Boy Traveler; Fun and Profit in Trapping; True Americans, and The Old Put House. LTnder the various department headings are: The American Boys' Club House; How to Make a Good Kite; Shadowgraphy ; The Game of Commercial Traveler; Boys' Ex- change; Reviews of Boys' Books; The Roose- velt Boys; Fruit Gardening for Boys; The Training of a Pug, and How to Make a Canoe for a Dollar. A valuable department entitled "For Boys to Think About," occupies two pages and is filled with items of information — science, statistics, etc., of keen interest to everybody. "What Boys are Doing," occupies two pages made up of true stories about suc- cessful boys in various lines of endeavor. 89 illustrations, $1.00 a year More Bee-keepers' Paradises. 31 E. K. Ivoot has just lotiuncMl from a 0,000 mile trip through some of the best bee locations in the Avorld, and has already begun his series of Avrite-ups. accompanied with tine photos, in GLEANINGS IN BEE CIJI-- TURE. The following editorial Mjipears August 1st. and will give some- thing of an idea of what he will (lescribe: Some time ago I promised to tell about the bee-keepers' paradises in Texas. I have this on the docket, and it will appear as I take up the line of my travels. But since run- ning across that paradise T have run into tvi'o or three others. There is one west of the Rockies, in Colorado, that is not yet overstocked with bets or bee-keepers; another one in central [daho — in fact. 1 do not know but the whole state. These will be described in turn. The fact is, millions of capital are being invested in irrigation; irrigation means alfalfa; alfalfa means a paradise for bees. But I found all along my trip that alfalfa-growing preced- ed bee-keeping by two or three years, for it seems to take about that length of time before the bee-keepers find these gold mines that have been hitherto unoccupied. If you are dissatisfied with .your ])re-;ent locntion, and for tinancial rea- sons, or on account of health, will be compelled to leave. sul)scribe for GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE and learn something about the great South and the great West. There are many locations in the West that are not yet occupied — splendid bee locations. If you wish to learn about them, send 15 cents for a three months' trial subscription, or 25 cents for a six months' trial, or $1 for one year and one untested Italian queen. Or send $2.00 and we will send GLEANINGS one year and one of our celebrated red- clovei' queens. The A. I. ROOT CO.. Medina. Ohio, U. S. A. We think not. The West is the direction to look forward to for business. Have you either Bee or Poultry Supplies, or Stock, that you wish to sell in the West? The Oregon l?ohlff^ is the best medium of its class through which to reach breeders. The OFFICIAL ORGAN of the OREGON STATE POULTRY ASSO- CIATION. Advertising rates on application. Subscri])tion 50 cents per year. Address 8 tf C. D. MINTON, Manager. Salem, Oregon. Wanted, Local Managers, to organize and take charge of branch Rabbit- ries all over the U. S.. Canada, Mexico, West Indies and Central America. T. V. Cortlez represents us at Manila, Phillipine Islands. Send stamp for Large Free P.ook. particulars, and sample copy of Rest Belgian Hare and Poultry paper in the world. EA.STER.X IMPORTING & BREEDING COMPANY. Belfast, Maine. HONEY AND BEESWAX MARKET. New York, Nov. 14. — The receipts of comb and extracted honey are very good at present. The demand is good, and prices rule as fol- lows: Fancy, 1.5 cents; No. 1 white, 14 cents; No. 2 white, 12 and 13 cents; buckwheat, 16 and 12 cents a pound. Francis H. Leggett & Co. Buffalo, N. Y., Nov. 12— Honey selling better as supply of fruit is about gone, and high. We quote: Fancy, 15 and 16 cents; extracted, 4 and 6 cents a pound. Supply moderate. De- mand good. Beeswax, 22 and 28 cents as to grade. Batterson & Co. Kansas City, Mo., Nov. 11.— Market supplied with comb. But little extracted offered. Quo- tations: Comb, white, 15 cents; amber, 12 1-2 and II? cents; extracted, 6 and 7 cents per pound. Beeswax in good demand with light supply, at 30 cents per pound. Hamblin & Sappington. Chicago, Nov. 13,— The market is easier in tone while prices are nominally the same, but would be shaded to effect sale's. Some cars of honey enroute to eastern cities have been di- verted to this and surrounding points, which is having a depressing effect. Comb brings 14 to 15 cents for best grades of white, and light amber 12 to 13 cents; dark grades 10 to 11 cents; extracted white 5 1-2 to 6 1-2 cents according to quality, flavor and package; light amber 5 1-4 to 5 3-4; amber and dark 5 to 5 1-4. Beeswax 2S cents. R. A. Burnett & Co. IF YOU ARE, INTERESTED IN BEES. POULTRY OR BELGIAN HARES. WRITE TO THE W T FALCONER MFG. CO.. TAMES- TOWN. N. Y. THEY WILL BE PLEASED TO MAKE YOUR AC- OUAINTANCE; AND THEIR CAT- ALOGUES WILL INTEREST YOU. lenic rell'"^- COMMODE IN SUBURBAN HOJVIES, where modern bath-room facilities are denied from lack of sewerage, the Hysrienic Water-Seal Commode is an absolute necessity for comfort and sanitation. Needed in all Hospitals Sanitariums, and Hotels. IN SICKNESS, especially in CONTAGIOUS DIS- EASES, the Commode is indispensable in every home, as the Water- Seal prevents the esca pe of all germs and odors. It is light and port- able— weighs 5 1-2 lbs; made of best galvanized iron; will last a life- time. Provided with disinfectant cup. Indorsed by leading physicians and nurses, .Send for Illustrated Circular. I'KICE $3.00. PURCHASER PAYS EXPRESS CHARGES. WE FURNISH DISINFECTANT WHEN DESIRED, for 25 cents additional. HYGIENIC WATER-SEAL COMMODE CO.. Como, Bldg., Chicago, 111. EH Perfected Yon Culin Incubator is known pretty well all over the country and has never failed to prove satisfactory when handled "by a person of intelligence and with ordinary attention. We {.aiar- antee them to be satisfactory or you needn't pay for them. What's more fair than this ofiFer, and doesn't it show that we mean what we say as to its merits? .Snid for catalogue. The W. T. FALCONER MFG. CO., Jamestown, N.Y. The GOLDEN oldmexico EGG. Only Poultry and Belgian Hare Journal in the World's Fair City of 1903. Fifty cents the year. It gives us pleasure to send sample copies. Agents receive salary and com niissioa. The GOLDEN EGG PUB. CO., 815 Chestnut St., ijtf Saint Louis, Mo. DON'T KILL YOURSELF. WASHING THE WAY, BUT BUY AM E M P I R E SB W A S H E R, tcith which the C. frailest woman can do an or- dinary leashing in one hour, loithout icettinff her hands. S<_tmple atwholcsaleprice. Satisfaction Guaranteed. Jyo pay until tried. Write for Plnntrated Catalogue andprices of Wringers, Irani np Tables, f^/othes Reels, DryingBars, Wanon, lacks, <{'c. At-'PiitsWanted. Lib- eral Terms. OuickSalesl Little Work!! BigPayll! Address,Ta^ EmpireWasher Co. .Jamestown, N.Y. The Land of :MiIk and Honoy," is today a jriand field for the sale of all appliances for t\M> proper care of bees and thf production of honey. THE MEXICAN FARMER AND STOCK- MAN, published in English and Spanish at Chihua- hua, Mexico, reaches the very class of patrons you desire. Parties having bees for sale will take note. Address with stamp for free sample copy. A. B. HULL, Editor. INCUBATORS fSlFARIII moat Ixj simple in operation, •are in results. That's the SURE HATCH INCUBATOR. uy body can ran It, because it ranaltmlf. Send tor our ft-ee catalog and sef> for yonreelf how very snccessfol It has been on the farm. It also describes oar Oommon Sense Folding _ Brooder. Wo Pay the Freight, 9^ SURE HATCH INCUBATOR CO., Clay Center, Ncbrulu. Over lOO lieadingr Mag^azines and Newspapers for 26 Cents. Send us 25 cents and we will send you by mail '*Tlie Union Ag^enf fore months and over 100 leading magazines direct from ttie publishers. Think of it— for 25 cents you receive $10.00 worth of literature. It will fur- nish you reading matter for months. You receive such magazines as the Youths^' Com= panion. Century, Review of Reviews, Woman'' s Home Companion, Farm and Fireside, Etc. Send today! This offer is for this month. When ordering state whether you prefer story papers, relig- ious papers, farmers' papers, labor or any special kind. Do you subscribe for any paper or wish to? Send us the subscription price less 10 per cent, discount from the publishers' price on all papers and magazines. Agents wanted. Tine Union Ag^ent, Coving^ton, Ky. PATENTS Caveats, Trade Marks Copyrights and Designs Send your business direct to Washington Saves time, costs less, better service My office close to the U. S. Patent Office. Personal attention given. Twenty years' experience. Book "How to Obtain Patents" etc., sent frtjc. Patents procured through E. G. Siggers receive special notice, without charge, in the INVRNTIVR AGR. Illustrated Monthly. Twelfth year. Terms $1 a year E. G. SiaCERS, 'J18 F Street N. W. Washington, I). C Still 10c. a Year. Until further notice you can still get the POULTRY, BEE AND FRUIT JOURNAL for 10c. per year. Or by getting four of your friends to send with you, we will either extend your subscription one year or make you a gift of a good poultry book. Send to-day — NOW —before it is too late, as this offer may be withdrawn at any time. Send your dime and get the neatest, boiled down, right-to-the-point, stop-when-you've-said-it m o n t hly journal an entire year. Thirty words in Breeders' Column for 25c. Dis- play advertising 75c. per inch, net. No discounts lor time or space. A guarantee of satisfaction written in every contract. Poultry, Bee and Fruit Co., Davenport, Iowa. SEE T ^^'^ ^^^«^^ Dealers, ^ ^ ^ • in fact all advertisers will find THIS AND THAT a splen- did medium for results. Give us a trial and be convinced. Rates, for a short time only, 5 cents per non- pareil line. Circulation 10,000. Address, T. Fortson Pruett, Publisher. Sidney, N. Y. The Belgian Hare Advocate is a large 16 page, 64 column mag- azine, published monthly at twenty- five cents a year, and if interested in this new and popular industry you certainly should subscribe. Edited by a practical breeder in the interests of the Belgian indus- try. Poultry and Pet Stock. Subscription and advertising at live and let live prices. Our motto Your money's worth every time. The Belgian Hare Advocate, PONETO, IND Ruths Belgian Hare Directory, price 10 cts. The Advocate one year and Directory for only 30 cts. Homes in Old Virginia. It is gradually brought to light that the Civil war has made great changes, freed the slaves, and in consequence has made the large land owners poor and finally freed the land from the original owners who would not sell until they were compelled to do so. There are some of the finest lands in the market at very low prices, lands that produce all kinds of crops, grasses, fruits, and berries; fine for stock. You find green truck patches, such as cabbage, turnips, lettuce, kale, spinach, etc., growing all the win- ter. The climate is the best all the year around to be found, not too cold nor too warm. Good water. Healthy. Railroads running in every direction. If you desire to know all about Virginia send 10c. for three months subscription of the VIRGINIA FARMER to Farmer Co., Emporia, Va. There is no trade or profession better catered to by good journals than that of the farmer. Unin- telligent unprogressiveness has now no excuse. ^ Austral Culturist and Poultry Gazette. Also THE APIARISr. I^^iJl^jYcdustries. (Established 10 years). 20 pages monthly. Subscription 3s. 6d. per annum. This journal circulates in all the Austral- asian Colonies, inchiding New Zealand and Tasmania. A good medium to American firms desiring an Australian trade. Head oflBce for Australian Colonies. 229 Collins street, Melbourne, Australia. Good Advertisers, Those who are careful where they place their advertising money, use Barnum's Midland Farmer, which reaches over 30,000 prosper- ous, wide-awake, buying farmers every issue. Regular rate 14c. per agate line, but send us a trial order at 10c. per line ($1.40 per inch per time), and we will place it where it will do the most good. Two or more new subscriptions (sent together), 20c. per year. Sixteen pages, four columns to page. Departments covering every branch of farming and stock-raising. The little jour- nal that is "read and re-read by its readers." Barnum's Midland Farm- er, No. 22 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo. 8tf \ CUT THIS OUT I I and send it to us with ten cents (silver) in- I * closed, and receive in return a six months' 1 I trial subsciption to | I People's Companion Magazine. | § It's the one you hear so much about. Ad. \ ? rates, 5 cts. per line; 50 cts. per inch. Give J % us a trial ad. and feel what a puller it is, i 5 Sample copy for two cent stamp. ( I People's Companion Pub. Co., j I MILWAUKEE, WIS. t i Ed. De Longe, Ed. and Pub. Stfj The only strictly agricultural paper published in this State. The only agricultural paper published every week. It goes to every post office in State of Tennessee and to many offices in Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Texas, Florida and Louisiana. It is the official organ of the Agricul- tural Department of Tennessee and Live Stock Commission. Subscrip- tion $1 per year in advance. Tennessee Farmer Pub. Co., 8tf Nashville, Tenn. Poultry and Belgian Hare Standard. Leader on Poultry and Hares; giving the greatest amount of practical instruction each issue — just what every breeder must have to succeed. A text book of 175 pages is given with each yearly subscrip- tion which includes five cents for postage. State whether poultry or hare book is wanted and send fifty-five cents to STANDARD, 512 Hall Building, Kansas City, Mo. 8t£ Send for onr Free Catalogue of many useful articles. Enclose stamp for mailing MILWAUKEE NOVELTY CO., 8tf Milwaukee, Wis Everyone sending 35 cents now for one year's sub- scription to the EQG EEOORD and ACCOUNT BOOK given away. Canadian Poultry News (a 10 to 20 page journal devoted to poultry, pigeons and pet stock) will receive a copy of the new Canadian Poultryman's Egg Record and Account Book FREE. Just the thing everybody should ''''^'- Or send 45 cents and get the NEWS from June, 1901 to Jan. 1, 1903, and an Egg Record and Ac- count Book. Address at once, ROBT. R. CAMERON, Canadian Poultry News, « Owen Sound, Ont., Can. A Perfect System. THE ROYAL TEMPLARS have placed tluM'r system of protection on a foundation so broad and deep that it shall stand long after all other systems have passed away and are forgotten, and will insure the widow and orphan the fulfillment of the provision made to se- cure them from the cold blasts of want by the loving forethought of the husband and father, who has been removed by the hand of death. What it Provides. All the .social enjoyments of a Grand Fraternity. All the financial protection of a power- ful Life Insurance Corporation. Aid to the bereaved family in making prompt payment of every just claim, tf WHEN YOU DROP a DOLL A R it IS a good plan to look where it strikes, that you may pick it up again. •' When you invest a doUar for advertising space in Poultry Pointers. at our special rate, it is just like dropping a dollar where you can pick up TWO. Write at once for sample copy, special rates and full particulars to I-0I;LTHY POINTKKS Offioe. •''" ^« ^est Main Street, Ionia. Mich. The Record. The Oldest and Leading Belgian Hare Journal of America and England. R. J. FiNLEY, Editor and Publisher, The only journal having an English Belgian Hare Department. One copy worth the yearly subscription. If interested, don't fail to send 2-cent stamp for sample copy at once. Address, R. J. FINLEY, 1-' MACON , MO. Overstocked '^"^ Bee Hives! I am overstocked with hives. Will sell two thousand at Prices you cannot duplicate. St. Joe, Dovetailed, Wisconsin, Cham- pion, or Langstroth Simplicity. Ask for prices and say how manv you v^ant. Can ship at once. Can Save you Money. No diflFerence where you live. Other goods as cheap as anybody. SUPPLY BUSINESS for sale cheap. Address Emerson T. Abbott. tf ST. JOSEPH, MO. Read THE CONNECTICUT FARMER. All the best Agricultural News. fl.OO a year. Address, CONNECTICUT PARMKfi. tf Hartford, Conn. When writing to advertisers .say " I saw your iidVt in Thk American Bkk-kkki'ku." GRANGE LEADERS ADVISE ALL PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY TO SUBSCRIJJE FOR OUR GRANGE HOMES. Grange News and Comment, Agriculture. Women's Interests. Expert editors in every department, including the former lecturer of the National Grange, Alpha Messer. On trial three months, 25 cents. BOSTON. MASS. Southern farm Gaz<^tU Starkville, Miss., edited by members of the Agricultural College Faculty. The only Agri- cultural Paper published in Missippi. Sub- scription price 50 cents for fifty-two copies. Il you are interested in cheap homes and rich lands learn about them through the Gazette. Splendid advertising medium. Address GAZETTE PUBLISHING CO., Starkville, Miss. RECORD YOUR POLAND CHINAS -I N T 11 E- CENTRAL POLAND CHINA RECORD. ^ RULES ETC. FREE W. H. Morris, Sec'y, on application.' Indianapolis, Ind. RECORD YOUR BERKSH/RES IN THE NATIONAL BERKSHIRE RECORD America is The Great Supply Depot of file World. The farmers must produce them. Furnishing the How do farmers know what kind World With of horses to produce? High-Class Horses. Ky subscribing for Spiritof the West, DesMoines, #1.00 per year. The leading i Western advertising medium. '2.. RULES ETC. FREE on application. E. K. Morris, Sec'y, Indianapolis, Ind. RECORD YOUR CHESTER WHITES IN -THE STANDARD CHESTER WHITE RECORD RULES ETC. FREE W. H. Morris, Sec'y. on application. Indianapolis, Ind. Subscribe for the Swine Breeders' FARM INVESTOR AND FINANCIAL OUTLOOK. Published once a month, is devoted to ag- riculture and stconer Mfg. Co. BEE SUPPLIES from LEWIS They are the finest THOUSANDS OF BEE HIVES, MILLIONS OF SECTIONS, Ready for Prompt SJbipnient. G- B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis., ==^=^^== U. S. A. Special Agency, C. M. SCOTT & CO., 1004 East Washington st., Indianapolis, Ind. CataJo!? F—". 160 page Bee Book Free! Book sent free with American Bee Journal. Every NEW suBscBiBBR sending $1.00 for tte WEEKLY American Bee Journal fo'ons year will receive a copy of Newman's lUO page "Hies and Honey" free. The old American Bee Journal is great tliis year. You ought to have it. Sample of Bee Joumal ^i^^e- Write for it. GEO. W. YORK & CO,, 118 Michigan St., Chicago, 111. The Only One of Its Class Published in the State. The Nebraska Dairyman (and Up-to-date Farmer), Published monlhly. 20 pages. Subscription 50c. Established 189T. Circulation 5,000. Devoted exclusively to creamery and dairy in terests and diversified farming. Advertising rates made known on application. J. P. Israel, Itf Publisher, Lincoln. Neb. LJ p I I f^ I Do vou want some good pure r-i Lz. L.L-\^ . t,,,j POULTRY ? We ca.T furnish you ECCS FOR HATCH- ING from fine White Wonder fowls, R. C. K. Leg- horns, B. P. Rocks, Partridgt! Cochins; S. L., Gold- en and Black Wyandottes, Toulouse Geese, Kouen Ducks and Mammoth Bronze Turkeys. If you want something good send for our illustrated catalogue and price list, which is free when you mention this paper. Address, Itf The Eureka Poultry Farm, Established 19 years. Hamburg, Wis. One of the most Northern poultry farms in the U. S. BEGINNERS. should have a copy of The Amateur Bee-keeper, 70 page book, by Prof. J. W. Rouse; written es- pecially for amateurs. Second edition just out. First edition of 1,000 sold in less than two years. Editor York says: "It is the finest little book pub- lished at the present time." Price 24 cents; by mail 28 cents. The little book and The Progressive Bee-keeper, (a live, progressive, 28 page monthly journal,) one year for 65c. Apply to any first-class dealer, or address LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville.Mo. THEFERRiS 1 V^A X REFINER to be used in connection with steam wax ex- tractors, increases the value of wax two cents a pound and pays for itself in refining ftity pounds of wa.x. I'or safe by all dealers or • ,■;. C. G, Ferris, Hichfield Springs, N, ¥. CLUBBING LIST. We will send The American Bee-kebpek with the — PRICE BOTH American Bee Journal $1 CO .fl 35 Bee-keepers' Review 100 1 35 Canadian Bee Journal 1 00 1 35 Gleanings in Bee Culture 100 135 American Queen 50 00 Modern Culture 1 00 1 00 BOOKS FOr? BEE-KEEPERS. Every bee-keeper, and especially if he has not had long experience, should have at least one good te-xt book upon the subject. The following are doubtless the very best works on bee-keeping. In ordering by mail be sure to add the amount of postage named: Postage Price, extra. ABC of Bee Culture (A.I. Root),cloth*l 00 20c. Bee-keepers' Guide (Prof. A. J. Cook) 1 00 15c. Langstroth on Honey Bee, rev. (Dadant) 1 10 15c. Quinby's New Bee-keeping (^Quinby) . . 140 10c. Thirty Years Among Bees (Alley) 48 2c. How to Manage Bees (Vand ruff) 25 6c Amateur Bee-keeper (Rouse) 20 5c. The W. T. Falconer NIfg. Co., Incubator Free on trial. The PERFECTED YON CULIN —INCDBATOR is the most perfect in Ventilation, Moisture and Heat. It hatches every hatchable egg. Money can be made and saved with this most perfect incubator Prices $7.00 up. Catalog free. Poultryman's Plans, 10c. Address: The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co. (Incubator Department) Jamestown, N. Y. Just a Minute of Your Time. Send us a list of the bee-keepers in your vicinity and we will send them sample copies of The Bee-Keeper. This Win not take much of your time or he much trouble to you and you will be doing your friends a favor. WE NA/^ANT Every reader of the American Bee-Keeper to write for a free sample copy of the EOGKY MOJNTAIN BEE JOUSNAL Tells you about Western methods, co-opera- tive honey selling and the great big crops that have made the Alfalfa regions famous. Address the publisher, H. C. MOREHOUSE, Boulder, Colo. If. S. H. RICHMOND, Real Estate. Agent Land Department, Florida East Coast Railwa}-, Perrine Grant. Cutler, Dade County, Fla. i ff tJNITEO STATES BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. SofTftiiry Dr. A. H. Mason, Station B, Toledo, Ohio. General Manager and Treasurer— Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest C'ity, la Tf If, BIKGHAM -^■■■J has made all tlio im- provemenls in Bee Smokers and Honey Knives made in the last 20 yt-ars, vnidoiibtedly he mali'es the best on earth. Smoke Engine, 4 inch stove, none too largt. sent postpaid, per mail $1.60 .3^ inch 1.10 Knife, 80 cents. 3 inch l.(KI 2 V^ inch ItO "^/■^'n^^IT'i^imeWond^yain; .11 Farwell, Wlich. Send in your subscription to * THE ^ Poultry Star A twenty-page semi-monthly journal devoted to the best interests of the Poultry. Pigeon and Pet Stock Raisers of the world. 25 Cts. per year. Sample Copy Free. Poultry Star, DRYDEN, N. Y. I