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WM Wives me geue “mua uvwdy te, ¥V wes iy ye WY V) sai N se Moire sat Te svar vivid SY MN, RNS Dy WNL eT Pe SOUS U UCU YY SOG oe eS ha ne Pane me ib) a ‘i tf American Ornithology For the Home and School. EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B. S.§ Vol. 5 WORCESTER, MASS. CHAS. K. REED, PUBLISHER 1905 Oe NO ae | JANUARYY, 1905. [Qe a copy, oi a year. WY yy) lu Uli, UMM Y yisdiiliiyyy Wty FOG hi, Yj Yj ‘) ) Wl A § yM D ‘ “s V > AD Ree Far or esl ei aby Gar ey a ey a Ue ly Gun UL CE a Gi IE Cy Ca area Entered «1 tne Past Office at Worcester, Mass. as second-class matter. Jan. 16 10:07 VINPPTPLYTFPTPPRPPPDATYDPPYIPTPI OPED PPTTT TTI PTD PPTPD TPIT PPY PTT PAT IP ITT A AALAAAAALAALAARAAAAARAAAAAAAAMMMAMARA ARR ARAMA RMA BEST RESULTS IN MAKING BIRD PHOTOS CRAMER CROWN PLATES Which are especially adapted for this class of work, and are used exclusively by the publishers of AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY is mentioned. 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AWARDED GOLD MEDAL, WORLD’S FAIR ST. LOUIS, 1904. A. W. MUMEORD, Publisher, 378 Wabash Avenue, Chicago. Guide to Taxidermy | The Moth Book. Full of valuable information. By W. J. HOLLAND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS Fully illustrated by color photography. HOW TO PREPARE AND MOUNT The illustrations of the moths are natural size and the coloring is perfect. With this ° book it is easy to identify any moth at a Birds glance. It is by far the best work on moths ever published. $4.00 PREPAID. Animals CHAS. K. REED, “==> Worcester, Mass. and Fish Also contains. a com- plete list of all North American Birds, with prices of their eggs, skins and mounted specimens; also an ex- haustive line of Orni- thologists’, Oologists’ and Taxidermists’ sup- plies, valuable infor mation forthe amateur, recipes, etc. Bound in Mounting a Wild-Cat. We can teach you how. We can teach you BY MAIL to correctly mount Birds, Animals, etc. Nothing is more fascinating or profitable. 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A Magazine Devoted Wholly to Birds. Published monthly by CHAS. Kk. REED, 75 Thomas St., Worcester, Mass. EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B.S. SUBSCRIPTION PRICE in United States, Canada and Mexico, One Dollar yearly in advance. Single copies, ten cents. Vols. I, Il, Ill and IW enol OO each a special: Vols wal aI iT IW andssulbseripuon for 1905, $3.50. We can supply back numbers at ten cents per copy. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25. = COPING, UGOR I Clo. Ko 1808) 8) VOL. V JANUARY, 1905. NO. 1 We start the new year and our fifth volume with the best wishes for all our readers and our friends the birds, and trust that we may become more intimately acquainted with our feathered friends during the coming twelve months. By the addition of more help in our other lines of work, the editor’s duties will be lessened so that he can devote more time to the magazine work and correspondence. We will be more than pleased to have all our readers lend their assistance by reporting and unusual occurrences or observations concerning bird life and by contributing articles. It will be greatly appreciated by the editor and other subscribers. We are preparing a series of colored drawing of birds to be repro- duced by the three-color process. These will be given in every other issue. We hope to have them ready for the next number if not the first will be shown in March. We shali have another photo competition this year, the particulars of which will be given in March. Very good pictures can now be made of winter birds by baiting with crumbs, suet, etc. Bear in mind that we consider a good photograph of a common bird to be more accept- table than a poor one of a rare bird or one difficult to photograph. = 677 Kentucky Warbler. 678 Connecticut Warbler 679 Mourning Warbler. 680 Macgillivray Warbler. 682 Belding Yellow-throat. 681 Maryland Yellow-throat. 683. Rio Grande Yellow-throat. (One-half Natural Size.) VOL. V JANUARY, 1905. NO. 1 WARBLERS OF THE GENUS GEOTHLYPIS, All the members of this group are ground-inhabiting birds and are usually found in the low underbush in swamps or marshy land, They all have olive-green backs and rounded tails, wholly devoid of markings, and their tarsi and toes are yellowish flesh color. They all nest on the ground or very close to it. KENTUCKY WARBLER. A. O U. No. 677. (Geothlypis formosa). RANGE. Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf, north in the Mississippi Valley to Michigan and on the coast to New Jersey and Pennsylvania. DESCRIPTION. Length 5.5 inches. The plumage of the adults is very similar, differ- ing only in the slightly brighter colors of the male. They are greenish on the back, wings, tail and flanks; the underparts are yellow, very bright on the throat and breast; a black cap more or less broken behind, covers the crown and a black triangular patch on the ears extends for- ward to the bill, being separated from the crown by a yellow super- ciliary line which curls behind the eye. The young birds differ from the adults in having less black than the female adult. NEST AND EGGS, The Kentucky Warbler builds a large nest of leaves, fibres and root- lets lined with horse hair and placed on the ground or not more than two feet above it. Usually it is found in a clump of weeds or tall grass 4 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. in swamps or beside brooks, with the bottom resting on the ground while the top is elevated several inches and not sunken in as are many of Sparrows and Warblers’ nests. If the weather is favorable their nests are completed by the middle of May and by the latter part of the month the sets of four or five and rarely six eggs are laid. The eggs are white, specked and spotted with reddish brown and umber, heavily at the large end and usually in minute dots over the entire surface.; SiZO .IZ & SOs HABITS. The center of abundance of this beautiful species is in the Lower Mississippi Valley; they are only locally abundant in some of the east- ern states. Their haunts are similar to those frequented by Oven-birds. but they are much more conspicuous in their actions than are the latter. Their songs are loud clear and attractive, being perhaps more so than any others of the Warblers. Their call note is a loud sharp whistle while their song is a varied musical succession of notes. They are very noisy during the breeding season and the male will sing for many minutes at a time to his mate who is quietly sitting in a shady nook on her white treasures Especially is his song merry beside a running brook, the rippling and murmuring of which seems to incite him to melody. While their nests are bulky they are not easy to find as it is difficult to flush the bird from the immediate vicinity of the nest for she will run along for several feet beneath the low foliage before tak- ing wing. When their home is approached their notes take the form of an excited chip, it usually being accompanied by a flirt of the tail for emphasis. CONNECTICUT WARBLER. A. O. U. 678. (Geothlypis agilis). RANGE, Eastern North America breeding north of the United States and win- tering at the equator. DESCRIPTION This and the two following species are very similar in many respects, and in some plumages are difficult to separate. The present species. is always marked by a white or light ring completely encircling the eye. The adult male has the entire head, neck and upper breast bluish slate in high plumage becoming very bright and quite dark on the breast but never black as in the Mourning Warbler. The remainder of the upper parts, and the sides, are greenish, unmarked, and the under- parts are yellowish. The female and young have the head, throat and breast an olive brown color of a shade not differing greatly from the back; the eye ring is distinct in all plumages and ages but not as white as in the old males. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 5 NEST AND EGGS. Nests of the Connecticut Warbler have only, as yet, been found in Manitoba and Ontario and eggs of this species are among the most rare of any of our North American birds. One of the nests found in Manitoba was in a Swamp embedded in the moss; the nest was made of dried grass and the four eggs were white, sparingly sprinkled, chiefly about the large end with specks of brown and black. Size .80 x .56. HABITS. Connecticut Warblers are seen in the United States only as migrants and the route that they take in passing through our country seems to be subject to many variations; some Falls they are very abundant, that is you might see twenty or thirty of them in a day, while the next year they may not appear at all; at least this is the case in Worcester County and I understand that it is in other localities. I have never seen but three in the spring, they seeming to take an entirely different route in returning to their breeding ground from that taken on their journey south. They are met with in low wet land, just such as is frequented by the Maryland Yellow-throats, and attention is usually called to them by a sharp metallic chip. However they do not appear to like obser- vation for if they are noticed they quickly slink out of sight among the weeds and underbrush. MOURNING WARBLER. A. O. U. No. 679. (Geothlypis philadelphia). RANGE, Eastern United States breeding from northern New England, New York and Illinois northward into Canada. Winters in northern South America. DESCRIPTION. Length 5.2 inches. The adults of this species are alike in plumage and are both very similiar to the last but lack the eye ring entirely, and always have some black feathers in the breast, and in full plumage have a large black patch sharply defined against the yellow underparts. Young birds are similar in plumage to the female and young of the Connecticut Warbler but can be distinguished by the shorter and more rounded wings, those of the preceding species being longer and more pointed. 6 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. NEST AND EGGS. For the nesting habits of this handsome little bird we will quote from Mr. Wm. L. Kells, the veteran Canadian writer, he having studied their nesting habits for a great many years on his farm in Ontario. The mourning warbler though not abundant in any district, is yet pretty widely distributed over the province of Ontario, as well as other divisions of eastern Canada, but it is among the last of the family to announce its vernal advent amid the wild scenery of its summer haunts. In March it begins its northward journey, but two months pass away before it reaches the terminus of its winged voyage in the regions of its northern range, and summer home, and here begins one of the chief objects of its migration movements 7. ¢. the propagation of its species, and when the period in which this can only be done is over the impulses to return towards the south seem strong, and to yield to the impulses of nature in this matter is not long delayed; for by the middle of September , if not earlier, all this species and its genus have disap- peared; though some individuals may linger longer amid the scenery of their summer haunts in the thicket and the swamp, than is now known. The haunts and home of the mourning warbler, during the period of its residence in Canada, are generally on the margins of low-land woods, or second-growth swamps, where there is an intermingling of young underwood, fallen brush, and raspberry vines. It may also occasionally be found to frequent wooded ravines, the sides of brush- covered hills, and the margins of muddy creeks which meander their courses through what was called “beaver-meadows,”’ where there are deep concealments; and here, amid the deep foliage, one strain of the song-notes of the male of this species, may often be heard, in the mid- summer days, while the little performer itself is invisible. At timeshe will rise to a considerable elevation, and after a pleasing performance of quite a different series of musical notes, in the ventilation of which he appears to take much pleasure and pride, and during which he makes a rain-bow like circuit, and takes a rapid descent into the thicket below, near where it is probable the female has a nesting place. During the past twenty years a number of the nests of the mourning warbler have come under my observation, and the finding of these has been rather accidental than the results of continuous field and forest research; but the last of these noted up to the end of the season of 1902, is the first to which attention will here be directed. On the 8th of June, 1902, when strolling across a piece of recently cleared fallow, now oOver-grown with raspberry vines, on the northwest corner of eee «— AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 7 Wildwood Farm, a small bird flushed out from a thicket of vines within a few feet of where I was passing. A little research revealed a a new-made nest, which I inferred belonged to a mourning warbler; though at the time I had got only a glimpse of the builder; yet, though all the members of this genus ot the warbler family compose nests, and deposit eggs much alike, there is always some variation on the part of each species, by which the attentive student of bird architecture can distinguish the owner, even in most cases without seeing the bird, much less without resorting to the crime of murdering the mother, and in this section of country I know of no other member of the family except the Maryland yellow-throat that nests in a similar manner and situation; and even between these near relatives there is a distin- guishing difference which will be noted hereafter. This nest was not sunk in the soil, nor yet in the herbage in which the builder evidently desired to conceal it; but its foundation rested on some dry vine stalks elevated a few inches above the ground; and the first strata was formed of dry leaves and vine stalks placed loosely over each other, and not pressed down in the centre, as is the manner of the J/arylander. On the top of this mass of dead leaves and stalks, and partly supported by the growing vines, the nest proper was placed. This was quite compactly put together, as though the materials were damp with rain, or the morning dew, when used by the builder, and may have been further moistened by the saliva of the bird when engaged in placing the particles together. The materials used were mostly dry leaves, fine fibres of vine stalks, rootlets, and some cattle hair. The inside was about two inches in diameter; by one and a half deep, the top of the nest was quite open, their being no artificial attempt at concealment, as is the habit of the Maryland Yellow-throat. Six days after, I revisited this nest, the mother bird was at home and on flushing she did not rise 0n the wing, but ran off among the herbage in a mouse- like manner, for about 20 feet, when she rose and took a position on the top of a log, about two feet off the ground, and here she remained about a minute, twitching her wings and tail, a peculiarity of this species when excited. She flew off and disappeared in some under- wood; but on neither occasion did she utter a note that I could hear, but there was no doubt of her identity as a female mourning warbler; on parting the canes and viewing the nest I found it contained four beautiful fresh eggs; but I inferred that the set was complete and incubation begun. The general color of these eggs was white, with a rosy blush, but less dotted with reddish brown spots than have been other sets of the eggs of this species previously observed. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. CII SSI) “TOT “H ‘SB Aq ast] MOTT OJON ‘ UOT YeduI09 OV0Yd MO UT 9ZzIAId IS] JO LAUUT AA) “SMOTIVMS MNVA ONNOA AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 9 MACGILLIVRAY WARBLER. A.O.U. No. 680. (Geothlypis tolmei) RANGE: Western United States from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific, breeding from southern United States north to the southern British Provinces. Winters in Central America and Mexico. DESCRIPTION, This species is very similar to the Mourning Warbler in plumage and size. It can be distinguished at any age and in any plumage by the presence of two white or whitish spots, one above and one below each eye. Inthe adult males the lores or feathers between the eyes and bill are black, and the breast has black feathers as does the Mourning Warbler but they are never concentrated in a solid patch as in that species. The female Macgillivray Warbler is much duller in color than the male but still retains the gray head and neck but of a very dull color, and the black loral spots are wanting. NEST AND EGGS. These birds nest usually in small bushes at elevations of two or three feet from the ground, sometimes as high as six feet and again they have been found with the bottom wresting on the leaves. The nests are made of dried grasses and lined with horse hair. Their eggs are usually laid during the latter part of May; they are white spotted and blotched handsomely with brown and gray; size .72x.52. HABITS. Differing but little in habits from its preceding eastern relatives, this species is found abundantly in moist woodlands and often by the road- side. They are very active and nervous creatures, always dancing about among the underbrush or on the ground and scolding if one is too inquisitive in regard to their family affairs. MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT. A. O U. No. 681. (Geothlypis trichas). The Maryland Yellow-throats are divided into six sub-species from slight differences in their sizes, intensity of color and geographic dis- tribution. It must be borne in mind that these differences are based upon examinations and measurements of a large series from different 10 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. localities and they cannot be applied to individuals regardless of the localities in which they are found. For instance the average of a large number of northern Yellow-throats has been found to be slightly larger than the southern one, but it is possible to find southern birds that are even larger than the northern variety; and the western Yellow-throat is said to be a richer yellow, still eastern birds are often found that are as bright in every respect as the western. We will give the chief differ- ences as accepted by the American Ornithological Union and allow our readers to satisfy themselves as to which bird they are looking at ac- cording to the locality in which it is found. The present species is found and breeds on the south Atlantic coast from the Carolinas to New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The male has the forehead and cheeks black bordered behind by ashy white; the back, wings, tail and sides are greenish; the throat and breast are yellow and the under parts are white washed with yellow. The female and young have the upper parts greenish, lack the black mask of the male, and are white below washed with yellow on the throat and breast. WESTERN YELLOW-THROAT. A. O. U. No. 681a. (Geothlypis trichas occidentalis.) RANGE AND DESCRIPTION Western United States from the Plains to California and north to Montana and Washington. Similar to the eastern Yellow-throat but brighter, the yellow being richer and the border of the mask whiter. FLORIDA YELLOW-THROAT. A.O. U. No. 681b. (Geothlypis trichas ignota.) RANGE AND DESCRIPTION. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts from Virginia to Florida and along the Gulf coast to Texas. The yellow deeper and more extended on the underparts and the black mask wider. PACIFIC YELLOW-THROAT. A. O. U. No. 68le. (Geothlypis trichas arizela.) RANGE AND DESCRIPTION. Pacific coast from British Columbia to southern California. Similar to the western Yellow-throat but slightly smaller and duller. NORTHERN YELLOW-THROAT. A. O. U. No. 681d. (Geothlypis trichas brachydactyla.) RANGE AND DESCRIPTION, United States from the Mississippi Valley to the Atlantic and from New Jersey north to Dakota and New Foundland. Similar to the southern Yellow-throat but slightly larger with the yellow brighter and more extended. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Dale SALT MARSH YELLOW-THROAT. (Geothlypis trichas sinuosa.) RANGE AND DESCRIPTION, A. O. U. No. 681e. Salt marshes of San Francisco Bay. Smaller than the Pacific Yellow- throat and darker. All the Yellow-throats migrate south of the United States in winter, those of the east going to the Bahamas and the eastern coast of Mexico and Central America while the western birds are supposed to migrate to Lower California and the western coast of Mexico. Photo by J. B. Parker, NEST AND EGGS OF MARYLAND YELLOW-THROAT. NEST AND EGGS. Yellow-throats nest on the ground or very near it usually in swampy localities. Most of the nests that I have found have been in tangled masses of weeds and have nearly all been built slightly above the ground and usually with the bottom of the nest touching the earth. I have found two that were built in tufts of swamp grass and completely arched over. They are made of dried grasses and rootlets skillfully woven alk AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. together and lined with hair. Some of these nests that I have come across have had leaves in their construction but the majority have been without. They lay four or five white eggs specked chiefly near the large end with black and reddish brown spots. Size .68x.50. HABITS. Few bird lovers are unacquainted with the Yellow-throats in one form or another for they are found throughout the United States and are usually abundant in all suitable places. While the birds are rather re- tiring, their notes are always in evidence, either in the form of a sharp scolding chirp, a long rattling trill or a lively ‘witchery, witchery, witchery,’’ the latter song often uttered by the male during the breeding season. (‘They are very inquisitive little birds and if you goto aswamp and quietly hide yourself you will soon have all the Yellow-throats in the place about you to see what you are doing, all scolding with all their might. Their nests are quite difficult to find as the birds are very sly when building and in entering or leaving the nest afterwards, and be- fore they have commenced incubating they will be very apt to leave a nest if they know that it it has been found. One day I saw a female with a grass in her bill and stopped to see where she would place it. She knew I was watching her and was very loath to continue her build- ing operations, but, as I remained still, after her long and violent tongue-lashing had ended she went bravely into a clump of grass, from which she emerged a few seconds later minus the grass which she had carried in. As it was so close to me I moved farther away in order notto disturb her. She soon came with another bit of building material. but this she carried behind some broken alder stubs which I found later to be the true site. The next trip she went to the place where she had deposited her first load and carried the same bit of grass to the nearly completed nest beside the alder stubs. Whether this bit of deception was done purposely or not we cannot tell, but she showed that she was unusually bright later. Several times, after she commenced incubating, I tried to flush her from the nest but she always slunk slyly away inthe underbrush before I came within sight of her home, making no outcry so that, had I not already known, I would never have suspected there was a nest in the neighborhood. These actions were very different from those of other Yellow-throats for, while they all leave the nest be- fore you get too near, they will vigorously scold you as long as you are within the danger zone. The very acme of bird pleasure seems to be AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 13 expressed in the ‘“‘witchery’’ song of the male when he launches him- self into the air from the tip of some bush and mounts skyward for fifty or more feet, singing as he goes, and then descends either on gliding wings or with the utmost abandon, as suits his fancy. BELDING YELLOW-THROAT. A. O. U. No. 682. (Geothlypis beldingi) Range.— Lower California. DESCRIPTION. Similar to and as bright as the western Yellow-throat but with the black mask crossing the head diagonally on top and bordered behind by yellow instead of white. It also differs in being quite a little larger that being the chief difference between the females of the two species; length 5.7 inches whereas the common Yellow-throat is but 5.2 inches. HABITS. The habits of this peculiar species do not differ materially from those of the other Yellow-throats but from all that is known of them they appear to nest exclusively among reeds or cat-tails over water, as the Western Yellow-throat does frequently. The nests that have been found were from two to four feet above the water and were made of the cat-tail leaves lined with fibre and hairs. The eggs are like those of the preceding but slightly larger. RIO GRANDE YELLOW-THROAT. A. O. U. No. 682.1. (Geothlypis poliocephaea). RANGE. Rio Grade Valley in Texas and south. This species is of the size of the last; it has only the lores and forehead black, the crown and cheeks being gray; otherwise it is colored like the common Maryland Yellow- throat. Its habits do not differ at all from the others of the genus. They are only locally abundant in Texas. TOM, DICK AND HARRY, By J. 8S. Drxon. Tom, Dick and Harry were three Desert Sparrow hawks: (Falco sparverius deserticolus). Their first view of the world was from a hallow limb of a white oak, which was their home. This cavity was about 18 inches long by 6 inches in diameter, but it was large enough to shelter a happy family of six. My attention was attracted to this tree one day in the last week in June 1902, by the mother bird swooping down at me as I was passing by. From her angry demonstrations I concluded there was a nest of young ones nearby. I climbed up to a favorable looking stub and looked in. I was greeted by a scream from the inmates which were four in number. Their cry brought both parents from a nearby tree 14 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Photo by R. B. Rockwell. DICK who swooped down at me uttering angry screams and chattering all the while. I reached into the hole and caught three of the young ones, but the other one escaped and flew off down the canyon accompanied by its mother. I then put the birds into my hat and carried them to the cabin where I placed them in a box in the wagon and started for home some 20 miles distant. : Upon our arrival home the birds were placed in a large cage and here they remained for about three weeks. At first only the brightest one (Tom) would eat grasshoppers. The other two (Dick and Harry) would back up into a corner on my approach and present their beaks and talons to anything that came their way. They soon became quite tame and would take grasshoppers from my hand as fast as I could supply them. Their capacity for consuming grasshoppers was amazing. ‘They never seemed to get enough. Catching grasshoppers for them was too tedious so I shot birds and rabbits and caught lizaras and mice for them. They seemed to be partial to mice and sometimes would not stop to tear them to pieces but would try to swallow them whole and consequently they often got choked. A cottontail would only last them one day; so I think they could consume their weight in meat in 24 hours. It was amusing to AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 15 watch two of them get hold of the same piece but though they tugged and pulled I never saw them quarrel or fight. After they had had their fill they would retire to their perches, where standing on one foot they would go to sleep. After a nap they would put in most of their time trying to get out. It was their delight on a hot day to sit and let me spray them with cool water. They would spread out their wings, shake their heads and tails and ruffle up their feathers. They seemed to enjoy it immensely. After a bath they would retire to their perches and arrange their feathers. As they grew older and stronger they would fly about the cage and their untiring attempts to escape, combined with the fact that they could henceforth take care of themselves, lead me to give them their liberty. So one day I took Tom out of the cage. He perched on my finger for quite a while before he realized that he was free. He then gave me a farewell scream and fluttered off and I never saw him again. The next day I opened the door of the cage but Dick and Harry did not leave at once and when they did it was only to fly up into the tree from which the cage was suspended. ‘They seemed to not have much Photo from life by F. R. Miller. TOM, DICK AND HARRY. 16 , AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. confidence in their ability to fly at first, but in a day or two they sailed away very gracefully. The next morning they were ready for breakfast and when I held up a bird they left their perch, which was the roof of an old house and came chattering to me. They took the bird from my hand and returned to the roof, where they tore it to pieces and devoured it. They became so accustomed to being fed that they would come fifty yards to me if I whistled and called Dick! Harry! They grew more independent however and the day soon came when they no longer needed some one to feed them. They remained about the ranch about a month after I gave them their liberty, and now sometimes as I go along the road I see a little falco perched on a telephone pole and when I whistle and call Dick! Dick! he will cock his head to one side and bob up and down just like he used to do. Photo from life by C. A. Reed. BLACK GUILLEMOT ENTERING NEST. (Note the kelp worm with which she is feeding her young.) AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 17 BLACK GUILLEMOT, A. O. U. No. 27%. (Cepphus grylle) RANGE. Coasts of the North Atlantic breeding from Maine north to Greenland and wintering south to the coast of Massachusetts and casually farther. DESCRIPTION. Length 12 to 14in. Eye brown; bill black; feet, mouth and tongue fiery red. Plumage an intense sooty black with a greenish lustre. Wing coverts white, forming a large white patch called a “‘mirror’’; in this species the bases of the greater coverts are black, in some birds this color showing through the mirror and partly dividing it with a black line. Adults in winter and young,—Above gray marbled with white; below white mottled with grav. MANDT GUILLEMOT, A. O. U. No. 28. (Cepphus mandtii) RANGE AND DESCRIPTION. This species has a more northerly distribution than the Black Guillemot breeding in the Arctic regions and south to Labrador and Hudson Bay. Itis like the preceding in all respects except that the greater coverts are white. PIGEON GUILLEMOT, A. O. U. No. 29. (Cepphus columba) RANGE AND DECRIPTION, This Pacific coast species is found from southern California north to the Bering Strait, breeding throughout its range and also wintering in the same places except inthe extreme north. Inappearance itis like the | Black Guillemot except that the under surfaces of the wings are sooty gray instead of white as in the two preceding species. 18 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. BLACK GUILLEMOT, (Summer and winter plumage. ) (Photographed frommounted specimens, os APE AMERICAN, ORNITHOLOGY. 19 2 BLACK GUILLEMOTS ON GREAT AND LITTLE DUCK ISLANDS, ME. As our little launch sped along, her sharp prow cutting the dense fog, splashes were heard and occasionally dark forms were seen rapidly winging their way through the gray gloom. It was only when one individual perhaps confused by the noise of the engine, allowed the boat to nearly run him down that we were able to see the white patches. on the wings and identify the birds. GUILLEMOTS NESTED UNDER THE ROCKS NEAR THE TREES. We found that a large colony, numbering several hundred birds, were securely entrenched on the northeastern side of Great Duck Island. Here the shore was very rugged and boulders and granite blocks were piled in confusion above the water line. We spent a day in watching and photographing the Guillemot here. Upon our approach they all left the rocks and lined up abreast about fifty yards out from shore, where they sat watching our movements with shrill wails of alarm. We selected a rift in the rocks near the water, into which we crawled and covered the top with our tent cloth and seaweed. They soon seemed to forget our presence and those in the water swam ashore while others flew in and alighted on the slippery weed-covered rocks. 20 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. In some places a dozen or more would be sitting erect in a row, like black soldiers, while others would be reclining and still others were continually passing overhead on their way to and from their nests which were farther from the shore. The only notes that we heard any of them utter were while they were in the water; they were very high pitched, long-drawn whistles or wails, a sound which, while not loud would easily carry for a distance of perhaps three or four hundred yards. While they did not move about much on the rocks, their walk when they did so was not ungraceful. Their flight was very rapid and always performed at a low elevation above the water, I do not recall at any time during our stay, of seeing one more than twenty feet above the water and the majority were much closer than that. One of the most noticeable facts observed was that practically every bird seen, except those that were flying out from the rocks after having been to the nest, had a long red kelp worm or clam worm in its beak. Every few minutes each bird in the water would dip his head beneath the surface and we concluded that it was for the purpose of wetting these worms and keeping them alive, for we could see that those held in the beaks of birds on the rocks were still alive and squirming. Evidently young Guillemots like their food served fresh and while still alive. The waves broke over the rock-weed covered rock upon which the Guillemots sit and sun ube mised es: aThe bird flying has a worm in his bill; others are lined up at a distance in the ~ These;worms were held in the bill by the extreme end, allowing them to hang down to their full length, and in no instance did we see one of the birds holding them in any other way. We watched the birds very closely when they went in shore to feed their young but it was afternoon before we could locate a single entrance where there was any liklihood of being successful with the camera. We could easily see where the bird went but nearly always AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 21 they would emerge from some other crevice, and as they could go for a long distance beneath the rocks we could not be positive just where any particular bird would light before going to her young. Finally we found one crevice where the same bird went four different times and each time emerged from the same place; so we selected this one for illustrative purposes. We concealed the camera as skillfully as we could on a rock about four feet distance from the entrance and worked the shutter with a long black thread which ran to our place of conceal- ment. When we retired it was with very great doubts as to whether the bird would use the same entrance now that the surroundings had been added to, but fortunateiy she did not notice the change and we were enabled to secure several very satisfactory pictures, Photo from life by C. A. Reed. GUILLEMOT LEAVING NEST. Although we managed to move a great many of the boulders we were unable to find either the young or eggs, they being deeper down among the rocks where we were unable to penetrate. As so many of the birds were carrying food, evidently for their young it is very doubtful if any eggs could have been found at this date, July 21st. Not more than 22 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. twenty feet farther inland from where we made these pictures were several Petralgburrows; these birds we found to be very tardy in their incubating, for of a dozen nests examined, in none had a single egg hatched. In an old dead stump standing almost directly over the Guillemot:nest'was the nest of a pair of Tree Swallows and one or the other of the old birds was nearly always on guard on one of the smaller limbs. He was very tame and allowed us to stand directly under him'about four feet away. : The next day we took a dory and rowed over to Little Duck Island a mile away. It was early in the morning and the fog had not lifted so we could see or be seen but a short distance. As we rowed with as little noise as possible, we surprised a number of the Guillemot in the water and were within a boat’s length of them before fhey knew of our approach. They would leave the water with a noisy splash caused by their wings and feet striking the water at the same time and after two or three steps on the surface they would launch themselves safely in thevant: We found the number of these birds on the smaller island to be larger than on the Great Duck and it was no uncommon sight to see from a dozen to in one case nearly a hundred lined up in a row on the rocks. If we had had more time to devote to the Guillemots on this island it is probable that we could have unearthed a few nests for some of them undoubtedly nested under some of the scattering rocks back of the tangled mass at high water line. A few of the birds already showed signs of moulting, some individ- uals having white feathers mixed in with the black while the wings were very worn and shabby, and in a few weeks more some of them would probably have been in their winter dress of gray and white. By the latter part of October they begin to leave the vicinity: of the nesting island and in flocks of a few individuals spend the winter roaming along the coast as far south as Long Island. Very few know them by their name of Guillemot and we were unable to find out if any were on the island by inquiring for them by that name but ask if there: are any Sea Pigeons’’ about and you will get the information that, you wish. All three kinds of the Guillemots are known throughout their whole ranges by this same name. ‘They all have the same nesting habits placing their eggs underneath or behind boulders or in crevices ‘where they are more or less difficult to get at. A small number of Pigeon Guillemots breed on the Farallone Islands but they do not nest in any great number except north of the United States coast. They lay two or very rarely three eggs having a ground color varying from grayish white to greenish white, handsomely marked with brown and black. AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 23 MY CHOICE. If I could choose the way That I should like to sing, I’d make a vow today To sing upon the wing. If I could choose the words For every poet’s song, I’d borrow from the birds That never sing of wrong. If I could choose the strain To play upon my lyre, I’d ask their sweet refrain, Nor ever faint nor tire. If I could choose the day On which for me to die, I’d have it in the May, When birds and bees are nigh. C. LEON BRUMBAUGH. THE WATER OUSEL IN THE KING’S CANYON. This summer when I was in the King’s River Canyon. I was much interested in watching the Water Ousel. They build their nests close to the water in some low tree or bush. Almost every morning or evening rnd shmetimes in the middle of the day, you may see them ducking their heads into the water, under some fall. Isat one day on a flat rock and sat very still, till suddenly I heard the familiar sound of the Ousel. It came out into the water and seemed to sort of test it, then running back, returned with another large Ousel and several small ones. I think it must have been only the first or second time the babies have been under the water, for they behaved so strrngely. They seemed half afraid and hung back as a naughty school-boy, Our euide suddenly came up and scaren them rway to their nest. I saw quantities of hirds to this summer, but I think perhaps the Water Ousel is the most interesting. LUCILLE KEYES, Berkeley, Cal. 24 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Address communications for this department to MEG MERRYTHOUGHT, 156 Waterville Street, Waterbury, Ct. My DEAR YOUNG FOLKS: Dorothy and Harold have asked me to tell you about the Christmas tree which they trimmed for some little neighbors of theirs, and I am glad to do it, for perhaps some of you may like to decorate one too. There was one morning during the past week when mother did not have to call you. Before it was fairly light we heard little feet scampering across the floor, to where the row of stockings hung, bulging most amazingly. Then what chattering and giggling, there was as treasures were pulled forth from their depths. Had you been in a certain town in Connecticut, that same morning, you might have seen a row of stockings so tiny, that they would fit only the foot of a fairy, and so full of holes that you might wonder if Santa Claus would dare attempt to fill them, but they were filled to the very top, not with candy and toys, but with bits of bread, cake, nuts and fruit, neither did they hang in a warm chimney corner, but swayed in the December winds from arbor and syringa bush in the door yard. You have already guessed who claimed the contents of these stockings. Not far above the house, Dorothy and Harold had trimmed a little spruce tree for the Bird’s Christmas. It was still growing and its green branches were filled with a motley array. Festoons of red berries, sunflower seeds and pop-corn were looped from twig to twig on the top of the tree tips and on the trunk were fastened pieces of suet, with tiny bright red peppers for a relish; a marrow bone, some pumpkin seeds, some grapes and peanuts added variety and on the tip top ot the tree was a great bunch of holly tied with one of Dorothy’s red ribbon’s. It did not take long for the birds to discover the feast. All day long there was a jolly company there, Blue Jays, Chickadees, Creepers, Nut- AMHRICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 25 hatches, Woodpeckers and Tree sparrows, each in his own way made merry on this Christmas day and joined in a Bird’s Christmas carol chirping a “thank you’’ to the two little folks who had prepared such a fruit tree, when a snowy blanket covered the ground. We wish for the bird of our comer, a very happy new year ard include in our greetings the many new comers who join us for the first time this month. Cordially, your friend, MrcG MERRYTHOUGHT. ROLL OF HONOR. James H. Chase, Logansport, Ind. ANSWER TO DECEMBER PUZZLES. oma Onell: White-breasted Nuthatch. Briemilal No. 2: Summer Yellow-bird. What Is My Name? Screech Owl. WHAT IS MY NAME? “Say! Say! Say!’ Boys and girls, do you know my name? I wear a fluffy bluish gray coat with a black velvet collar and a white crown and a vest of a delicate gray. I like pretty cold weather and so do not venture very far into the United States. I begin to build a nest for my babies in February, when there is still a soft white covering over the earth, I build it in a fir tree, of twigs and long strips of bark with a warm lining of moss and feathers. I ama very sociable bird, often taking my meals with the lumbermen and eating from their hands. Indeed, I do not always trouble them to feed me, for I can help myself to meat, butter or other dainties which they leave about. ‘They nickname me Whisky Jack, Meat Hawk and Moose-bird, I wonder why. 26 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. DIAMOND. —A consonant. —A pronoun. O —A wicked act. O O —An insect. O OO —A winter friend. O O —A conveyance. OQ —A prize. —A number. —A vowel. ©) e1o1® OOOCO SOOOOOL SOOOOOOOe @eee61612 RUSSELL ADAMS, St. Johnsburg, Vt. ENIGMA. Two 16-1-12-13-3-13 named 14-3-17-17-3 and 9-16-7-4-1 went out with their 6-1-2-3-4-7-I2 to take a picture of a 10-15-17-16 which 10-1-8 1-9- 4-11-13-13 a field 8-6-7-4 by, they stopped to pick some 6-10-3-12-13 from the brook near the deserted nest of an 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 Goldfinch. As they 4-7-8 through a 17-7-8-3 Miss 9-16-7-4-1 caught her 7-4-2 on a branch of a tree and fell and hurt her 8-11-13-3, this made her 9-10-11- 12-13 but they went on and took a snap-shot of some ducks swimming in the old 2-5-16-17 pond. PI. The Winter Birds. Ile AC iE IN © Ide Oe Cojune 2. Dorewopche. 7. Karshe: 35 VLSI 8. Dickcheea: 4. Rollbssie. Ore Gani, 5. Owns-bitgunn. 10. Netwir-newr. GLEANINGS. Who has not listened to a mother quail calling her hunted family together when the snow and the night were falling? It is most sweetly, tenderly human, the little mother, standing upon the fence or in the snow of the silent fields, calling softly through the storm until the young ones answer and, one by one, come hurring to her out of the dusk, and murmuring. Some of them do not hear. They have been frightened far away. Louder now she whistles; Whz7-7/-le, whir-7-rl-le whir-1-v-ri-le! But there is only the faint purr of the falling snow, only darkness and the silent ghostly fields. DALLAS LORE SHARP, (Roof—Meadow. ) AA GOOD FIELD GLASS The BEST for Bird Study and Equally Good for Mountain, Sea Shore or Opera. These Glasses are well made and espec- ially adapted for the use of the bird stu- dent as they give about twice the field vision of ordinary ones and magnify near- ly four diameters. They are in good strong leather case, silk lined. i@s-Remember, you can have them free by getting only ten subscriptions for our magazine at $1.00 each. Or if you prefer we will send you a pair prepaid on receipt of $5.00. Try them a week and if not perfectly satisfactory return them to us and we will refund the $5.00. Is not that fair? The Glass and Color Key to N. A. Birds by F. M. Chapman.............. $ 6 50 The Glass and North American Birds Eggs by C. A. Reed...............- 6 50 ne Glass eiaol) voto, BOOKS asakesunood aes bagododoscuocucce acne. Docou od ooG 8 00 CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. VVVVVVVVV VV YY VO VV VV VVVVVVVY SV UV VV VVVVV VV VV Ve American Association of Camera Hunters An Association of wild animal photographers is being formed for the purpose of promoting the interests of the new form of Ve sport popularly known as ‘‘camera hunting.’’ Its main object will be to encourage the use of the camera in preference to the oun, as a means of obtaining sport; but as it is intended that an active assistance in securing the enactment and enforcement of game and bird protective laws shall come within the scope of its activities, it is hoped that it will be an effective means of dis- couraging the unnecessary slaughter of the birds and other wild AAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA animals of America. All interested should write to LE ROY MELVILLE TUFTS THRUSHWOOD, FARMINGTON, MAINE OVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVIVVVVVVVVIY eAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALAALAAA LAS bAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAA $66 ©- © 0-6 ©-© Methods in the Art of Taxidermy ¢ © © © By Oliver Davie, Author of ‘“Nests and North American Birds” & Eggs of 4 90 FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS. Never before has the Art of Taxidermy had its practical methods and beauties portrayed as we find them interpreted in this work. It is a work of art from cover to cover. Form- erly published at $10. My price $2.50 post- paid or Given Free for 6 new subscribers. mS Chas. K.Reed, Worcester, Mass. D— DOOD _O—O—G OPO % ® { i How to Collect Animal Tracks. A simple, inexpensive method of presery- ing accurately the footprints of birds, mam-— mals, etc. Clean, instructive pastime for boys, girls, sportsmen and naturalists. Send two cent stamp for particulars, or $1.00 for complete instructions. J. ALDEN LORING, Owego, N. Y. THE OOLOGIST A monthly publication devoted to Oology, Ornithology and Taxider- my. Published by Frank H. Wathines MED Alibron ING hve Oldest, Cheapest and most popu- lar ““ BIRD”? PUBLICATION in America. The best exchange and want columns. Question and answer columns open to Collectors and Students in every branch of Natural History. An entire year with free 25c. exchange notice cou- pon only 50c. Sample copy on application. Address, ERNEST H. SHORT, Editor and Manager Chili, N. Y. WOOD and MANDARIN DUCKS WHITE and BLACK SWANS PEAFOWLS, Etc., Etc. Mention AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY and large illustrated catalogue. SCHMID’S EMPORIUM OF PETS, WASHINGTON, D. C. send for 50 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE TrRavE MARKS DESIGNS CopPyYRIGHTS &c. Anyone sending a sketch and description may quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an invention is probably patentable. Communica- tions strictly confidential. HANDBOOK on Patents sent free. Oldest agency for securing patents. Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive special notice, without charge, in the Scientific American. A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir- culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a year; four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers. MUNN & Co,2¢18roadway, New York Branch Office, 625 F St.. Washington, D. C. The Butterfly Book, by W. J. Holland D. D. has, besides hundreds of text illus- trations, Colored Plates which show over a Thousand Species of American Butter- flies with all their native beauty and _ bril- liance of coloring. This is a ‘‘Popular Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies of North America.’’ It tells everything about butterflies, and tells itin a way any- body can understand. Every one interes- ed in Butterflies should own this book. Price is only $3.00 prepaid. Given asa premium for 10 subscribers. HAYE YOU A HOBBY ? No matter what itis THE West keeps you posted. Send 10 cents to the undersigned and you will receive for three months the oldest. largest and best collectors’ monthly for all kinds of hobbies, coins, Stamps, Cur- ios. Relics, Natural History and American Historical Science, Mineral Discoveries, Pho- tography, Souvenir Post Cards, etc. THE PHILATELIC WEST AND CAMERA NEWS. Fifty cents entitles you to a year’s subscrip- tion and a free 25-word exchange notice in the largest exchange department extant. Over 2,500 pages last two years. This 100 page Dlustrated Monthly was es- tablisbed is 1895 and has the largest circula- tion of any Collector’s Monthly in the world, and in size has no rival. Rates small, results large. It will pay you to write us about it. Our motto: ‘The best and lots of it.” Invest 10 cents judiciously by sending it to L. T. BRODSTONE, Publisher, Superior, Nebraska, U.S.A. Send 5c. for membership card American Camera Club Exchange. Over 4,500 mem- bers all parts of the world. Try it. Birds That Hunt and Are Hunted, by Neltje Blanchan. Gives colored plates and the life histories of 173 of our game and water birds and birds of prey. You can actually see the iridescent sheen on the neck of the wild pigeon. Price, post- paid, $2.00. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. LANTERN SLIDES WES HAW EEIStE DEBE EOW-AS FINE A LIST OF SLIDES OF BIRDS As have ever been offered. PHOTOGRAPHED DIRECTLY FROM LIFE. Every one of them is 50 CENTS EACH, $5.00 PER DOZEN OR FINELY COLORED, $1.00 EACH, $10.00 PER DOZEN. t Chippy Family (6 Chipping Sparrows). 2 Preparing Breakfast (6 Chipping Sparrows.) 3 Woodcock on Nest. 4 Nest and Eggs of Woodcock 5 Three Young Woodcock. 6 Ruffed Grouse on Nest. 7 Nest ani Eggs of Ruffed Grouse. 8 House Wren (male). 9 House Wren (female). to Cedar Waxwings Feeding Young, ir Cedar Waxwing on Nest. 12 American Redstart (male) Feeding Young. r3 American Redstart (female) and Nest. 14 Prairie Warbler (male) Feeding Young. 15 Prairie Warbler (female) and Nest. r6 Red-eyed Vireo on Nest 17 Red-eyed Vireo Feeding Young. 18 Wilson’s Thrush and Nest with Eggs. 19 Wilsons Thrush Feeding Young. 20 Chestnut-sided Warbler on Nest. 2t Ovenbird and Nest. 22 Black and White Warbler on Nest. 23 Field Sparrow Feeding Young. 24 Field Sparrow Cleaning Nest. 25 Young Field Sparrow. 26 Nest and Eggs of Grasshopper Sparrow. 27 Grasshopper Sparrow on Nest. 28 Nest and Evgs of Bob White. 29 American Robin on Nest. 30 American Robin Feeding Young. 31 Five Young Chickadees. 32 Chickadee at Nest in Bird House. 33 Chickadee at Nest in Tree. 34 Brown Thrasher. 35 Brown Thrasher on Nest. 36 Wood Thrush on, Nest. 37 Young Wood Thrush. 38 Pigeon Hawk. 39 Bluebird at Nest Hole. 40 Barred Owl. Screech Owl. Four Young Screech Owls. Young Blue Jays. Blue Jays in Nests. Blue Jay Feeding Young Loggerhead Shrike. Phoebe on Nest. Hairy Woodpecker. Chimney Swift. Four Young Crows. Arizona Jays. Rocky Mountain Jay. Bluebird Feeding Young. Young Bank Swallows. Young Bobolinks Seven Young Kingfishers. Young Kingfishers. Barn Owl. Barn Swallows (pair). Kingbird and Young. Kingbird and Nest. Young Kingbirds. Young Goldfinches. Yellow Warbler and Young. Catbird on Nest. Gila Woodpecker. Wood Pewee on Nest. Young Spotted Sandpipers. Flicker at Nest Hole. Flicker leaving Nest. Young Baltimore Oriole. Yellow breasted Chats. Robin Feeding Young. Young Red-wing Blackbirds. Young Wood Pewee. Young Robin. Young Green Herons Young Shrikes. Red-headed Woodpecker. Bush-Tit and Nest. ADDRHASS CHAS. K. REED, DOYOU WANTA CAMERA? AN AL-VISTA . CAMERA WILL MAKE THE REVOLVING LENS taking in a scope of nearly 180 degrees; makes a panoramic picture which is true in perspective and without distortion. Makes Pictures Any Size You want them, either from film or the regular glass plates. Is adapted to out door, interior and portrait photography; really FIVE CAMERAS IN ONE AND FOR THE PRICE OF ONE Sold in ten different styles. CAN BE LOADED IN DAYLIGHT SOLD ON EASY PAYMENTs, SEND FOR CATALOGUE, PRICES AND DISCOUNTS LM CO. GTON, WIS. S29 ©VVVVVVVVVVVVVVIV VV VV VV IV VV VV VV VV VV VV VV VV VV VV VY The Graphophone se Best Talking Machine on the Market. Buy one. [ft will amuse you, your family and friends on many a long dreary winter evening. All the latest popular song hits G as well as Grand and Comic Opera selacdons: vocal and instrumental solos in infinite variety. Graphophones from $5 to $100. Records from 25 cents to $2 each. COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH COMPANY VVVV VVVVVEVV VV VV VV VV YY VY VV VV Vy SOAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA BAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAL ® Grand Prize, Paris, 1900. Grand Prize, St. Louis, 1904. < Boston, 164 Tremont Street. New York, 353 Broadway. B Chicago, 88 Wabash Avenue. San Francisco, 125 Geary Street. P PAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAL ? AAAAAAA It Pays. Picture Study in the Public Schools. Beginning with the New Year, are you planning to do this work? ‘eg ‘eZ eZ Ghe Perry Pictures One Cent Each for 25 or more; 120 for $1.00. Size 5 1-2x8. oe Send three two-cent stamps for Catalogue of rooo miniature illustrations two pictures and a picture in three colors. Great Premium Offer with Ghe Perry Magazine Ghis offer expires January Sl, a The Perry Magazine one year, monthly except July and August, and one dollar’s worth of the pictures in Colors, or one dollar’s worth of the New York Edition Perry Pictures, or 20 Indian Portraits in Colors, or our selected set of 100 Perry Pictures, Boston Edition. ALL FOR $1.50. To new subscribers only. Remember this offer expires January 31. Do not miss the article describing the World’s Great Paintings appearing in every number. 23 of the paintings exhibited at the St. Louis Exposition are to be published inthis Magazine, beginning with the January number. Send now. THE PERRY PICTURES COMPANY, Tremont Temple, Boston, or BOX 413, MALDEN, MASS. Send all mail orders to Malden. CSR ee) _A BIRD DICTIONARY } = C ARTZ COLOR KEY TO By FRANK M. CHAPMAN A complete bird dictionary, with upward ‘of 800 drawings in colors, so arranged that one may learn a bird’s name with the least pos- sible difficulty. In no other book has the problem of identifica- tion been so simplified. The book is equally useful in any part of the country from the Atlantic tothe Pacific. 312 pages, cloth, $2.50. NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS EGGS By CHESTER A. REED, B. S. A complete illustrated book of all eggs. It gives the habitat and breed- ing range of each species; location and construction of the nest; time of nest- ing; number, description. and varia- tion of eggs laid; with a full-sized illustration of the egg of nearly every species, and a large number of full-page illustrations of nesting sites. 300 pages, ( cloth, $2.50. Both of these books and the American Bird Magazine one year for $5.00. —E SS a sR E on G ee ( CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. SLOSS SN 4 Yj, WH), : te th GF BS FEBRUARY, 1905. 5 A YONG % 4 ? ) WY pM VB Sta uf S f NEN Entered 1 the Post (tice ar Worcester, Wass, as. second-class matter. Jan. 10¢ a copy, $1 a year. TO, TCO? VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VV VV VV VV VV VV VV VVVVVVVVVVVVVS The Graphophones® Best Talking Machine on the . Market. Buy one. It will amuse you, your family and friends on many a long dreary winter evening. All the latest popular song hits as well as Grand and Comic Graphophones from $5 to $100. Records from 25 cents to $2 each. COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH COMPANY VVVVVVVVVVVVYVVY VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVY e Grand Prize, Paris, 1900. Grand Prize, St. Louis, 1904. Boston, 164 Tremont Street. New York, 353 Broadway. Chicago, 88 Wabash Avenue. San Francisco, 125 Geary Street. CAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAA AALASAASLAADAAAAAABAAAAAL ey AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAS SAO AABLAAA It Pays. Picture Study in the Public Schools. Beginning with the New Year, are you planning to do this work? ‘e@ ‘e@ eZ Ghe Perry Pictures One Cent Each for 25 or more; 120 for $1.00. Size 5 1-2x8. Send three two-cent stamps for Catalogue of rooo miniature illustrations two pictures and a picture in three colors. Great Premium Offer with Ghe Perry Magazine Ghis offer expires January 31, The Perry Magazine one year, monthly except July and August, and one dollar’s worth of the pictures in Colors, or one dollar’s worth of the New York Edition Perry Pictures, or 20 Indian Portraits in Colors, or our selected set of too Perry Pictures, Boston Edition. ALL FOR $1.50. To new subscribers only. Remember this offer expires January 31. Do not miss the article describing the World’s Great Paintings appearing in every number. 23 of the paintings exhibited at the St. Louis Exposition are to be published inthis Magazine, beginning with the January number. Send now. THE PERRY PICTURES COMPANY, Tremont Temple, Boston, or BOX 413, MALDEN, MASS. Send all mail orders to Malden. _ ‘A GRAND PREMIUM OFFER) FOR 9O DAYS ONLY “THE PEN IS MIGHTIER THAN THE SworpD.” But there is a choice of Pens and in this progressive age one does not want to be tied downto AN OUTWORN STYLE OF PEN. The Egyptian used a split reed; our grandfathers a goosequill; our fathers a steel or ordinary gold pen. But to-day we want A FOUNTAIN PEN that dispenses with the inconvenient inkstand, that does not cor- rode, and that is always ready for use. In order to enable our readers to secure this really indis- pensable convenience, we have made arrangement with The Selden Pen M’f’g Co. of New York, whereby we can supply a FIRST CLASS GOLD FOUNTAIN PEN to every subscriber, OLD or NEW, who sends us A YEAR’S SUBSCRIPTION IN ADVANCE within the next 90 days, and; FIFTY (50):CENTS#additional. The pen will be for- warded immediately on receipt of the money. The pen is made-:of the best quality of hard rubber in four parts, and fitted with a guaranteed irridium-pointed 14-k GOLD PEN. The ‘‘fountain”’ is throughout of the simplest construction and cannot get out of order, overflow, or fail to supply ink tothe nib. It is EQUAL TOUtANY $2 PE on the market today. : EYERY PEN WARRANTED. THE CUT SHOWS THE EXACT SIZE. “CELTRIC MODEL I!” bears the manufacturer’s guarantee that the pen is solid GOLD 14-k fine. If it does not prove satisfactory in every way we will exchange it for another, or return the fifty cents additional on return of the pen. This is an unusual opportunity to secure, at a very low price, an article of superior quality that is coming to be essential to the comfort and convenience of every one who writes. REMEMBER THAT THE OFFER IS FOR 90 DAYS ONLY. THIS IS THE PEN. THE AMERICAN BIRD MAGAZINE, (AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.) CHAS. K. REED, Publisher, WORCESTER, a) J AA GOOD FIELD GLASS (== ‘The BEST for Bird Study and Equally Good for Mountain, Sea Shore or Ofera These Glasses are well made and espec- ially adapted for the use of the bird stu- dent as they give about twice the field vision of ordinary ones and magnify near- ly four diameters. They are in good strong leather case, silk lined. feses-Remember, you can have them free by getting only ten subscriptions for our magazine at $1.00 each. Or if you prefer we will send you a pair prepaid on receipt of $5.00. Try them a week and if not perfectly satisfactory return them to us and we will refund the $5.00. Is not that fair? The Glass and Color Key to N. A. Birds by F. M. Chapman............-. $ 6 50 The Glass and North American Birds Eggs by C. A. Reed................ 6 50 The:Glassandcboth: Bookse ic aa eos eee nn Cae nee 8 00 CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. Biro-Lore => For February, No.1 of Vol. VII, will contain upwards of roo pages and 50 illustrations, including ten colored figures of Warblers. SS Se SS 20 cents a copy Reduced line cut of Ernest Thompson Seton’s drawing of One Dollar a year a Northern Shrike. Presented we RS to every subscrirer to Volume ye : VII, 1905, of BIRD-LORE. Che Wacmillan Co. The original is nearly life-size. New York City. Harrisburg, Pa. 060-666-666 % Methods in the Art of Taxidermy By Oliver Davie, Author of ‘‘Nests and Eggs of North American Birds:”’ © 90 FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS. © © 6 Never before has the Art ot Taxidermy had its practical methods and beauties portrayed as we find them interpreted in this work. It & © ® is a work of art from cover to cover. Form- erly published at $10. My price $2.50 post- paid or Given Free for 6 new subscribers. Chas. K. Reed, Oo—@ & Worcester, Mass. ©o-—<@ -—e O—
—$—F — — DD) —_OH—S
How to Collect Animal Tracks.
A simple, inexpensive method of preseryv-
ing accurately the fouotprinis of birds, mam-—
mals, etc. Clean, instructive pastime tor
boys, girls, sportsmen and naturalists Send
two cent stamp for particulars, or $1.00 for
complete instructions. J. ALDEN LORING,
Owego, N.Y.
THE OOLOGIST
A monthly publication devoted to
Oology, Ornithology and Taxider-
mye Published by ~Brank HE:
Lattin, M. D., Albion, N. Y. The
Oldest, Cheapest and most popu-
lar
““ BIRD” PUBLICATION
in America. The best exchange
and want columns. Question and
answer columns open to Collectors
and Students in every branch of
Natural History. An entire year
with free 25c. exchange notice cou-
pon only 50c. Sample copy on
application. Address,
ERNEST H. SHORT,
Editor and Manager
WOOD and MANDARIN DUCKS
WHITE and BLACK SWANS
PEAFOWLS, Etc., Etc.
Mention AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY and
large illustrated catalogue.
SCHMID’S EMPORIUM OF PETS,
WASHINGTON, D. C.
send for
Chili, N. Y.-
50 YEARS’
EXPERIENCE
Parents
TRADE Marks
DESIGNS
CoPYRIGHTS &c.
Anyone sending a sketch and description may
quickly ascertain our opinion free whether an
invention is probably oa TANDBO Communica-
tions strictly confidential. HANDBOOK on Patents
sent free. Oldest ac eney for securing patents.
Patents taken through Munn & Co. receive
special notice, without charge, in the
Scientific Americatt,
A handsomely illustrated weekly. Largest cir-
culation of any scientific journal. Terms, $3 a
year; four months, $1. Sold by all newsdealers.
MUNN & Co,3618roadvay, Ney York
Branch Office, 625 F St., Washington, D. C
The Butterfly Book, by w. J. Holland
D. D. has, besides punmiddadis of text illus-
trations, Colored Plates which show over
a Thousand Species of American Butter-
flies with all their native beauty and _bril-
liance of coloring. This is a ‘Popular
Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies
of North America.” It tells everything
about butterflies, and tells itin a way any-
boa, can understand. Every one interes-
ed in Butterflies should own this book.
Price is only $3.00 prepaid.
Given asa premium for 10 subscribers.
HAYE YOU A HOBBY ?
No matter what it is THE Wrst keeps you
posted. Send 10 cents to the undersigned
and you will receive for three months the
oldest. largest and best collectors’ monthly
for all kinds of hobbies, coins, Stamps, Cur-
ios, Relics, Natural History and American
Historical Science. Mineral Discoveries, Pho-
tography, Souvenir Post Cards, ete.
THE PHILATELIC WEST AND CAMERA NEws.
Fitty cents entitles you toa year’s subscrip-
tion and a free 25-word exchange notice in
the largest exchange department extant.
Over 2,500 pages last two years.
This 100 page Illustrated Monthly was es-
tablished is 1895 and has the largest circula-
tion of any Collector’s Monthly in the world,
and in size has no rival. Rates small, results
large. It will pay you to write us about it.
Our motto: * The best and lots of it.”’
Invest 10 cents judiciously by sending it to
L. T. BRODSTONE, Publisher,
Superior, Nebraska. U.S.A.
Send 5c. for membership card American
Camera Club Exchange. Over 4,500 mem-
bers all parts of the world. Try it.
Birds That Hunt and Are Hunted,
by Neltje Blanchan. Gives colored plates
and the life histories of 173 of our game
and water birds and birds of prey. You
can actually see the iridescent sheen on
the neck of the wild pigeon. Price, post-
paid, $2.00.
CHAS. K. REED,
Worcester, Mass.
American Ornithology.
A Magazine Devoted Wholly to Birds.
Published monthly by CHAS. K. REED, 75 Thomas St., Worcester, Mass.
EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B.S.
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE in United States, Canada and Mexico, One
Dollar yearly in advance. Single copies, ten cents. Vols. I, Il, Ill and
IV, $1.00 each. Special:—Vols. I, II, III], IV and subscription for
1905, $3.50. We can supply back numbers at ten cents per copy.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25.
——— C@PVRIGH ie lOOSs bya CHAS ma kew REED
VOL. V FEBRUARY, 1905. NO. 2
NEST AND EGGS OF OLIVe-SIDED FLYCATCHER.
BEBE SSS SBSe SSBB Bebe SSeS BSS SeSSBHes
ISS SSS Sea
Belly lec lol cl aol le el es el se lel le celle ll | ells cle ole lel]
ee
The Great Gray Shrike.
ror
1MSEEA
ee es) se cs) el eee ells cl] a cle Sl | lc els sc) ol cs a
=
When other birds have southward flown,
And winter winds so bleak and chill,
Through naked branches sadly moan,
The Great Gray Shrike is with us still.
He braves the danger of the plain,
’Mid the desolate wastes of snow
And in the woods the feathered slain
His deeds of cruel warfare show.
The tree-top is his turret high
Where he watches his thoughtless prey,
And sallies forth with practiced eye,
Relentless to pursue and slay.
The sparrow searching in the snow,
Cheerful over his frugal meal,
Gives one despairing note of woe
As he feels that fierce warriors steel.
No knight that ever harness wore,
And charged the foe with lance in rest,
What e’er the emblem that he bore,
Showed greater courage in his quest.
I fain would speak of him with praise,
Respect his courage and his skill,
But pity for the one he slays,
Has ever kept those praises still.
HATTIE WASHBURN.
| ce
EF
ec el ls)
eel lll el
J
ee eel el] lols sel lll ll Ee el ee el es eels ls |
Eat
Teg etes Eee eS Sete Ee eee eS
Ly
es NN el) a lel |e
28 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
IN THE MEADOW,
In a small quiet meadow at the back of a certain farm a pair of
-Meadow Larks, last summer, chose to make their home and rear their
young.
A small stream, whose source was a spring in a neighboring field,
ran lazily through the meadow. A few cows lived here feeding on the
rank grass in the early morning and late evening and lolling in the
shade of the trees or standing listlessly in the stream, during the heat
of the day. Such was the scene that was to greet the eyes of the little
Larks when they were old enough to sail above the grassy wilderness
in which they found themselves when first they opened their eyes.
The nest was incidentally discovered May 18th, at which time it
contained four helpless little Larks that looked as if they had just
made their exit from the shell. I visited them frequently during the
course of the next few days and noted with pleasure their rapid growth
and how thrifty they looked. But on May 27th. when I went to see
them it was a sad sight that met my eyes. After searching several
minutes for the nest I was shocked to find in it’s stead a cow track in
the bottom of which there was a bloody mass of flesh and feathers. A
sad fate for such a promising family.
I wasn’t in this meadow again for nearly two weeks and then,
knowing that birds are not easily discouraged even by such misfortunes
as above, I concluded they would be well under way towards raising
another brood, consequently the afternoon of June 9th, found me
making my way down the lane to the meadow gate. When I reached
it, having absorbed just about as much sunheat as I care to stand at
one time, I stopped a few moments to cool off. A Dickcissel sitting
on a fencepost bravely chirped away as if in open defiance to the sun.
From a weed thicket came the clear notes of the Maryland Yellow-
throat while from somewhere in the distance came the ditty of the
Indigo Bunting. But not a sight or sound did I get of the Meadow
Larks- “‘Perhaps they are enjoying their siesta,’’ was my thought and
I turned towards a shade tree that grew on the banks of the stream
intendfng to follow their example, As I neared the tree a Red-winged
Blackbird which had been concealed in the foliage, darted out at me
and hovered above my head uttering a loud ““Chee-oo-o.’”’ His spouse
hopped nervously about in the tree protesting my approach. In their
efforts to protect their nest they only served to betray it’s presence,
for until I saw them I hadn’t the least idea there was a Red-wing’s
nest in the meadow. Ina clump of dogwood sprouts growing almost
in the water and appearing as if thep all sprung from one root I found
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 29
the nest. It was a bulky affair, firmly suspended between four of the
sprouts, and contained three pale blue eggs curiously scrawled with
black. The Red-wing’s kept up such a clatter that I left their domains
after making these observations, and it was just here that I heard what
I had wished for, the loud sputtering call note of the Meadow Lani.
I preceived her on the topmost bough of a nearby tree, with head erect,
tail nervously twitching, her golden breast flashing in the sunshine.
She sat there several minutes occasionally repeating her call note
and then, leaving her perch, sailed out across the meadow, alighting on
a weed that swayed to and fro under her weight. Assuming the same
alert attitude as when in the tree she uttered her call note once and
then dropped lightly into the grass below. I waited and watched for
Photo from life by N. W. Swayne.
BARN OWL.
twenty minutes and as she didn’t appear again I decided to. try to find
her though I didn’t much expect to find her nest for if she had one there
it didn’t seem probable that she would have approached it so openly,
however, when I neared the spot where she she disappeared she flew
up with a loud flutter of wings that startled me even though I was
expecting it. I drew the grass aside where she had been sitting, and
30 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. Ses
Photo by N. W. Swayne.
EGGS AND YOUNG OF BARN OWL.
The Barn Owl lays one egg every day or oftener every two days, so that a period
of perhaps two weeks elapses between the laying of the first and the last. As she
commences to incubate as soon as the first egg is laid, they hatch at different
periods and the young show great variations in size.
beheld one of the finest specimens of bird architecture that it was ever
my good fortune to see. Perhaps the Larks thought by concealing
this nest well, they would avoid a repetition of the sad accident that
happened to the first, anyhow this one was very carefully hidden and
it would have been almost impossible for me to have found it if I hadn’t
had the builder to aid me. It was a veritable little bower extending
back ten or twelve inches under the grass with only one doorway. At
the back end there reposed five handsome pinkish white eggs freely
speckled with reddish brown.
On June 18th, when I looked in the nest it contained four little birds
and one egg. I didn’t happen to be in this vicinity again till in July.
As I neared the nest two half grown Meadow Larks flew awkwardly
out of my path. I found the little bower in the first stages of decay.
It still sheltered one soiled egg.
EpGAR Boyer.
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 31
Crow rails.
abassnsDanaayhautin snyeboaTho thay uahouDa sala
Although our American Crow is black in color and by reputation, he
will afford the bird lover many pleasant hours studying his traits and
habits before he can feel that he is acquainted with Crow life. It seems
as if the Crow was possessed of much the same kind of shrewdness
and longing for mischief as the dirty, ragged urchin who makes his
headquarters on some street corner. The most prominent character-
istic of the Crow is his curiosity. Let a person do any work in woods
or field and almost as soon as his back is turned, from one to a half-
dozen crows will appear to inspect his work.
But for all of his inordinate curiosity the Crow’s natural wariness
usually keeps him from harm. First he will take a flight high in air
over the suspicious place, if all appears safe he will take a flight near
the ground and then alight in some open spot and inspect the
surroundings. If, perchance a good shot brings one to an untimely
end what precautions are then taken; if two or three are searching for
food there is sure to be a sentinel post on the summit of some tall tree,
dead stub or failing these, the tallest stake or fence post available,
and any unual movement will send the whole flock into the air with
loud caws. Generally if there are any large trees overlooking their
late feeding ground and at a safe distance from it, they will take
refuge in these and exchange audible remarks about the prospects,
present and future.
By most farmers the Crow is condemned as a bird possessed of little
good and almost unlimited powers of evil; often when the farmer’s
crops are coming up the Crows will proceed to render assistance by
catching the visible part in their bills and carefully pulling the whole
affair, stem, root and all, out of the ground. It is very rare that they
make any use of these plants thus pulled up, dropping each in its turn
and proceeding to the next. It is amusing to watch two or three Crows
when at work; for several minutes they will work as lively as possible
then one will raise his head and utter a kind of questioning caw as
much as to say, Have you fellows found anything,”’ then he will fly a
few rods and the work of inspection will go on as rapidly as before.
BZ AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
Their actions around their nests vary so much in different localities
that one cannot be sure what they will do. in some localities they will
never fly directly to the tree where their nest is located but will fly over
the tree-tops to some other part of the woods and then, low down
amongst the trees, will fly to their nest.
In some other places I have watched them for several days fly to a
certain tree in a piece of woods, and, upon investigating found a nest
therein, This freedom and openness I have never observed except in
a few districts where several deserted farms adjoin and the Crows are
left in undisputed possession from one year’s end to another. When
the time approaches for their autumnal migrations they will congre-
gate in large flocks, sometimes as many as 100 to 200, and their move-
ments have all of the appearance of a lot of school boys at play.. Now
they will start and follow this leadcr tarough a series of evolutions,
then several will seperate from the main body and go through various
feats of speed and agility and at last after the games are all ended
they will divide into squads of five or six and start off 1n search of food.
Altogether there is a certain fascination in watching the adroitness
and dzablerze of their movements that will be felt by every bird lover
who comes in contact with them.
Harry L. Sirs, Me.
Photo by N. W. Swayne.
YOUNG BARN OWLS.
Before the hoods have commenced to develop or pinteathers to appear.
Notice that the bird on the left is much the largest.
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 35
BARN OWL.
A. O. U. No. 366. (Strix pratincola.)
RANGE.
This species is found in a warmer portion of the United States from
the Gulf north on the Atlantic coast to southern New England, on the
Pacific to Oregon and in the interior to southern Mnnesota. It is
only casually or accidently found north of these boundaries. They are
slightly migratory throughout their range, that is the birds in the south
go farther south while those from the north take their places.
DESCRIPTION.
Length 16 to 20 in. Eyes dark brown; a very pronounced and
lengthened facial disc. Above finely mottled with gray, buff and
white; below white, more or less washed with buff and specked with
black. The young are more buffy below than are the adults. Facial
disc white tinged with buff and bordered with blackish brown.
NEST AND EGGS,
Barn Owls Owls are very indifferent as to their nesting sites. They
are equally well satisfied with the cavity of a dead tree, holes in banks,
deserted crows nests or even with a simple hollow on the ground.
When the opportunity occurs they will probably choose the hollow
tree. Many have also been found in barns and under sheds. In
various'sections. of the country they may be found nesting from March
to the end‘of June. There eggs are white, equally rounded at each
end and number from four to ten, usually about six or eight; size 1.75
xe JES:
HABITS.
Owls of this genus are the oddest of the family; their queer faces and
expressions have caused them to receive the name of Monkey-faced
Owls. Their most noticable difference from other Owls is in the small
dark colored eyes, the distance from the eyes to the mouth, and the
long legs. All the Owls are more or less nocturnal but this species is
rather more so than the others; it is rarely seen moving about, in the
34
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
Photo from life by N. W. Swayne.
BARN OWL.
(winner of 4th prize.in our photo contest.)
~ A characteristic pose of this species showing the long legs.
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 35
daytime unless disturbed from its resting place either by human beings
or crows, the latter detesting the sight of any member of the Owl
family.
Photo by N. W. Swayne.
YOUNG BARN OWLS.
The young have now assumed attitudes common to the adults, their hoods are
well developed and the wings fully feathered, but the bodies are still covered with
soft white down.
They are found most abundantly in low meadows and marshy ground
where, soon after the sun has sunk behind the hills, they commence
their hunting. The appetite of all Owls is something astonishing, but
that of the Barn Owl is almost beyond belief. Only a few days ago a
friend brought me a Screech Owl which he had caught the week before
and kept in the stable. Hesaidit had seemed perfectly well when caught
and he had fed it a mouse every day and he could not understand why
it did not live. The reason was very apparent for it was nothing but
a skeleton and had died of starvation. Instead of a single mouse a
day it should certainly have had a dozen and in its wild state probably
it devoured more than that number in every twenty four hours. A
36 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
single Barn Owl has been known to eat eight mice, one after the other
and then at the end of three hours to be ready for another meal. It
has been found by examination that their food consists of, almost with-
out exception, rodents which are harmful both to crops and trees, so
that probably this bird is the most useful one, in the amount of good
work done, of any that we have in this country. Besides rodents they
catch insects and also eat some fish.
In Europe, Barn Owls breed most commonly in barns, church towers
orruins, while in this country they are most often found nesting in
holes in trees or banks. Usually the bottom of the cavity is scantily
lined with feathers but this is not always the case. The eggs require
about three weeks in which to hatch and as the bird commences to sit
before the set is complete the eggs do not hatch at the same time.
Young birds several days days old and eggs are often found in the nest
together, and usually over a week elapses from the time of the
hatching of the first egg to that of the last. The breeding season,
especially after the young have hatched, is a very busy one for the
adults, for their large family is always hungry and trips between the
nest and the hunting grounds have to be made regularly and often.
The young are first covered with a soft white down; in about a week
or ten days a few pinfeathers make their appearance and then their
development is more rapid but it is several weeks before they can
leave their nest and follow their parents across the marsh to take their
first lessons in mouse-lore. The plumage of Barn Owls is soft even for
that of an Owl and their flight, which is very easily performed, is
entirely noiseless as they sweep in long curves just over the tops of
the meadow grass. They have two distinct notes, one a shrill cry and
the other a deep-toned, long-drawn grunt. They are more gregarious
than the other Owls except the Burrowing, and are often found in
colonies. In the day time they remain concealed under dense foliage
or in hollow trees.
OUR FEATHERED FRIENDS,
By WILLIAM GAYLORD TAYLOR.
I want to tell you what a great amount of pleasure I had last winter
feeding the birds in my back yard. Fourteen varieties and 25 to 30
at a time, and all but one have readily eaten the food which I put out
for them, and that one was the most beautiful and loving of them all,
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 37
the Bluebird. He seems to be satisfied with Nature’s store. Ibegan
early in the fall and put out bones and suet for the Woodpecker, Nut-
hatch and Chicadee and for the two latter I cracked butternuts till'I had
used a half bushel of them_and when they were gone I resorted to pea-
nuts, which I fed raw, shelling and chopping them fine, and I used 15
Guantssim, alll:
The wary crow even, has come to ‘‘pick the bones”’ in the apple tree,
not more than 25 feet from my door, but he always came very early in
the morning, just at daybreak, thinking there would be no one stirring.
I have seen three at one time picking a scanty breakfast from the
bones, but a face at the window was all that was necessary to cause
them to take wing and with loud “‘cawing”’ hastily seek safer quarters.
The sweet little Chicadee seemed the least suspicious of any of my
flock and he readily took food from my hand and as Jong as I kept
perfectly still, was contented to sit and eat, casting wondering side
glances at me occasionally. Both he and the Nuthatch seemed to fear
that their food supply would run out, for they carried away great
quantities of the nuts and hid them underneath the bark of trees and in
cracks in the shed, everywhere and anywhere they could find a place to
tuck them away and here the little Brown Creeper, with curved and
slender bill, finds an abundant food supply and I can imagine poor
littte ““Dee’s”’ disappointment when he goes to look for some of the
dainty morsels he has so carefully tucked away. The Downy and
Hairy Woodpecker have both been callers, the former constant but the
latter only occasional, and last winter is the first time I have seen him
in this locality and he seemed to heartily enjoy the suet which hung in
a temporary cedar (one which adorned my parlor as a Christmas tree)
and not 10 feet from my door, where I stuck it in a snow bank.
I was much surprised, late in December, to receive a call from a
Cedar Waxwing. I first noticed him eating the dried grapes that hung
to a vine on my back shed, so I threw out some seeded raisins which
he seemed to enjoy greatly. He also fed on the berries of a honey-
suckle, which covers a porch; his visit was short as I missed him after
two or three days. My greatest surprise, however, was to see, one
very cold day in January, a Song Sparrow nestled in the vine on the
south side of our shed. He looked cold and forlorn so I at once set
about making him comfortable. I arranged a shelf on the shed high
up and partially hid it with cedar boughs and then scattered grass seed
over it. He very soon got it and ate ravenously, but one very cold
morning after a visit of only three or four days, I missed him and
suspect he was frozen on his perch at night.
38 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
Photo. from life by C. A. REED.
TREE SWALLOW.
The Tree Sparrow finally found the seed, and from one lone bird the
flock grew till there were 14. They were constant visitors all winter
and were with metill March 12. Timothy and millet seed was their
principal diet, although for a change and in way of dessert they ate
peanuts and fat meat. They are an extremely happy set, full of life
and fight, and I never tire of watching them, they readily drive the
English Sparrow, and when one ventures to alight among them a
sudden dash from a Tree Sparrow caused him to ‘light out.” I greatly
missed them when they left for their far northern home.
The Junco with his modest slate colored coat and white vest came to
the number of two, but they did not seem to be welcome visitors
among the sparrows, and came only occasionally. The Goldfinch did
not find his food supply in the seed which I put out as I did not see
him eating anything except the berries on the honeysuckle: One
Sunday morning in February, I was overjoyed to receive a call from a
Purple Finch the only specimen I have ever seen here. He came while
I was watching the other birds, alighting on a clothesline directly in
front and not five feet from my face, he then flew to the path and
picked up a few seeds but his stay was very short, efforts to locate him
later failed, much to my regret, as I should like to have had a better
opportunity to study his plumage and general make-up.
As the warm spring days advanced I regretted to see my Tree
Sparrow family making preparations to leave for their Northern home,
but the migratory birds from the South have kept me busy thus far
Se ee ea
Re ee eee ee ee
39)
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
40 AMLURICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
through the spring and I have discovered some new varieties for this
locality, among them being the European Starling. He is a handsome
bird, a good songster and great worm and insect destroyer, conse-
quently of great value to the farmer. He builds his nest in a hole in
the trees. With all the pleasure I have had with the summer birds I
look forward with greater pleasure to the coming of the bleak North
winds and snow and a Geupia of my Winter visitors. —[The Newtown
Bee. |
IVORY-BILLED WOODPECKER.
A.O.U No. 392 (Campephilus principalis.)
RANGE,
Florida and the Gulf Coast to Texas north to Indian Territory and,
rarely, to the South Atlantic States.
DESCRIPTION.
Length 20 in. Eyes yellow: bill ivory white. Male glossy blue-black
and white, with a long pointed crest of scarlet. Female similar with a
crest of black.
HABITS,
These are the largest and decidedly the most distinguished appearing
of American Woodpeckers. Their glossy black plumage and gorgeous
pointed crest impart a regal look which is not attained even by the
Pileated Woodpecker.
Like that of all the members of the Woodpecker family, their flight
is apparently laborious and performed with that undulatory motion so
noticable in the flight of the Flicker. Unless unduly alarmed they
rarely fly for any considerable distance at a time They are very shy
and fully realize the folly of getting within range of a two legged
animal with a gun. It is this wariness that has preserved them from
extermination for so long, as man has been ever wont to kill them on
sight just for vain glory.
They are most apt to be found in burned over pine barrens where
insects thrive in the decaying wood and furnish a sumptuous repast for
the Ivory-bills. They are usually silent birds but during the nesting
season have a sharp trumpeting note frequently repeated and also the
long rolling drumming sound performed with their bill upon a resonant
limb. Careful observers believe that they remain mated for life.
During February and March they retire to the depths of impenetrable
swamps where they rear their young. Their nesting site is chosen in
the top of a tall tree and the two birds take turns boring the excavation
in the live wood. Usually it is located under the protection of a pro-
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 41
jecting limb which keeps out the rain. The entrance to the nest is
usually oval in shape and varies in size from five to eight inches in
width by eight to ten inches in length. The cavity is excavated to a
depth of from a foot to two feet. With the cunning of the Flicker they
carefully carry the chips away from the nesting tree, whereas when
they are simply feeding chips will be found by the bushes around the
base of the tree. They lay five or six glossy white eggs, measuring
about 1.45 x 1.05. They are very industrious birds and hack great
quantities of chips from trees in their search for grubs. They do not,
however, to any great extent, except for nesting purposes, deface
living trees.
KILLDEER.
A. O. U. No. 278. (Oxyechus vociferus)’
RANGE.
North America from the southern British Provinces southward. Rare
on the Atlantic coast north of New Jersey. Wintersin southern United
States and south to South America.
DESCRIPTION.
Length 10 inches. Upper parts grayish brown; forehead, line over
eye, throat meck, and underparts white; breast crossed by two black
bands, the upper one being the widest; upper tail coverts and rump
reddish brown. The downy young show evidences of the two breast
marks as soon as they leave the shell.
NEST AND EGGS
Kildeers build no nest, unless the occasional scratching together of a
few pebbles or bits of straw into a hollow can be called such, but lay
their eggs in hollows in the ground in fields, marshes, or even on plow-
ed ground, but usually in the immediate vicinity of water. Their three
or four eggs are very handsomely marked, as indeed are nearly all the
shore birds; they are very pointed, of a greenish buff color and heavily
blotched and scrawled with blackish brown; size .55 x 1.10.
HABITS,
Like all of our true Plover, except the Black-bellied, the Killdeers
have but three toes. In the greater part of the United States they are
the most common shore bird, even outnumbering the Spotted Sand-
piper, and their loud “‘kill-dee, kill-dee”’ is frequently uttered for their
own amusement as well as for warning when they see anyone approach-
ing. For this reason they often prove to be very useful birds, for they
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AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 43
warn other less suspicious birds of approaching danger and cause them
to escape, to the disgust of the hunter. Their flight is usually quite
straight or in gentle curves, except sometimes when suddenly startled
they may resort to the zig-zag mode of flight adopted by many of the
shore birds. They are very devoted parents and, were they able, would.
forcibly protect their young, but, being birds they have to resort toa
numerous artifices to draw intruders away, such as feigning brokem
wings, legs, etc. If these devices fail they will stand off at a safe dis-
tance and continually repeat their cry until danger is past.
They are very often found in cultivated fields, where they often lay
their eggs. They run rapidly and gracefully along, in the furrows,
catching insects which form a large part of their food. They often
escape notice by standing perfectly still, their colors matching their
surrounding perfecty. The downy young are especially adept in thus
concealing themselves.
Orne Bird fay.
By Dr. C. 8. MOODY.
The man who returns in after years to the haunts of his early boy-
hood realizes, if he be in touch with Nature, the great decay of bird
life. It was my fortune to return once to the old homestead and
wander among the wood paths and down the meadow brook that was.
of yore replete with feathered songsters. Alas, now you can hardly
hear the sound of a happy bird voice. All day long I sought for the
presence of my youthful friends, the Thrushes, Vireos and Sparrows
and sought in vain. Nowhere in the deep blue of Heaven’s vast
vault could I see the circling form of sailing hawk. In the deep beech
woods where once was the Partridge wont to beat his ‘throbbing drum”’
now was silence. I sought in my pilgrimage for the nest of the merry
little Quail beneath the blackberry bush beside the old line fence and
found it not. What, | ask myself, is the cause? The answer was
found in a man with a basket and climbing irons wheeling along the
high road upon nesting bent. Thousands upon thousands of birds are
every year robbed of their homes to pander to the taste of men and
women who are possessed by the idea that by collecting eggs they are
44 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
pursuing the study of birds. Ina vast majority of instances this is
not true. The average nest hunter is usually as ignorant of the actual
home life of the birds he robs as we are of the condition of life on
Mars.
I will plead guilty of this sin of commission myself. I have a col-
lection of eggs gathered from various quarters of the globe and repre-
senting many families of our feathered friends. I cannot express
with what degree of regret and shame I now look upon those mute
evidences of the rapacity of man. I sigh when I contemplate the vast
deal of harmony that has been stilled forever when those tiny treasures
were clutched from beneath the little mother’s breasts. Every day
now I go forth and follow my inclinations for nest hunting but instead
of being armed with drills and egg boxes and collecting pistol I have
only my faithful camera. Its cyclopean eye looks momentarily into
the nest and brings away a lasting impression of the contents and often
before I am out of sight, the avian resident is back at home in undis-
turbed possession of her treasures. My delight in seeing the image
impressed upon the glass is far greater than even in the old days, when
I gloated over my stolen spoils.
Let me give you the result of one day’s sojourn on lake shore and
in forest in North Idaho. As the sun’s rays were just gilding the
mountain tops and the friendly robins were straining their throats in a
matin of praise to the Giver of all Light, I strayed from the busy
haunts of men armed as aforesaid. My path led me along the shore of
the beautiful Lake Pend d’Oreille whose placid waters mirrored back
the deep blue of the towering mountains. While picking my way
around some drift wood I startled from her nest of softest down, a
Mallard and before she had ceased circling around watching me with
anxious eye I had set my machine and her olive eggs were glued to
my dry plate with a flash of light. I passed on and she returned to
her duties of incubation.
Donald, my Chesapeake dog, enjoyes the hunting of birds in his
doggish way, fully as much as his master, and to him belongs the
honor of locating the next nest. We were tramping a burn of several
acres in extent when he nosed up an Ashy Gnatcatcher from her brood
of nestlings. Poor little mother when she saw that great red mouth
opened over her defenseless darlings she was wild with grief and fear.
Her frantic cries soon brought me to the spot and at my word of com-
mand the obedient animal lay down and watched my preparations for
the photographing, with a great deal of interest. The little mother
was an interested spectator as well, but I very much fear that her
interest had a different motive. The youngsters, taking advantage of
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 45
the protective coloring that a wise Nature has provided them with,
shrank down into the nest and keep becomingly quiet. I could not
help thinking that they might serve as models for some children of
other bipeds that I have attempted to photograph. The proper focus
obtained, then a click of the shutter and I was off again. I can
imagine that the parent birds (the father had made his appearance by
this time) heaved a huge sigh of relief when they saw my retreating
form lose itself in the woods beyond.
We have one of the thrushes occassionally nesting in this locality
that the chronic egg hunter would give something to possess. My
collection does not contain a set of the eggs and unless chance should
throw me in the way of a deserted nest, it never will. The
Varied Thrush is one of the most retiring of all our summer residents.
Nesting deep in the tall firs, and selecting a leafy topped one for her
home it is a difficult matter to find one of the nests. I seemed to be
followed this day however, by the spirit of Good Fortune. As the
morning grew on to mid-day and I was gradually drawing my circle
nearer and nearer home and lunch, I was startled while traversing a
coppice of deep woods by a bird note that was new to me. Crouching
near the root of an immense cedar I waited. Before long a bird came
spying out my hiding place. Silent asa ghost she came and flitted
from limb to limb, looked me all over. It was a Varied Thrush and
soon I had the satisfaction of seeing a nest some thirty feet up in one
of the red firs. My climbing irons were some donned and I was
prodding my way up the body of the tree. A nest and its four blue
eggs was the reward of my efforts. I took the strap from the camera
case and tied the camera to a limb some four feet from the nest and
sitting upon another swaying branch focussed the lens upon the nest
andits eggs. The result I give to you. The eggs I gave back to the
silent mother that was watching me from a near by tree and never
uttering a sound.
Right back of the house in the edge of the pine woods, where the
ground is all strewn with the last years needles from the trees is a
dainty little nest all made of dried grass and neatly lined with hair;
within reposes two beautiful brown spotted eggs. This little domicile
is presided over by Mrs. Merrill Song Sparrow. Ihave had difficult
work keeping the ubiquitous small boy from destroying the home.
When I called that evening to ask the madame for a sitting of her
home she was not there but soon arrived and entered her protest. All
to no avail however, for I plumped my one-eyed battery right down
over her home and that night watched the shadowy representation of
her embryo sparrows come into being under the dim light of a red
lantern. Thus ended the first day with the camera. A day devoid of
robbery of happy homes, yet to me, replete with all that goes to make
the life of a bird lover one of pleasure.
46 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.
My Drar YoOuNG FOLKS:
It must have been just sucha day as this that one of our nature-
writers wrote in his journal—‘Another bright winter’s day; to the
woods to see what bird’s nests are made of.”’
That is what Dorothy and I did yesterday, and we had such a nice
time although we saw but few birds. Some Blue-jays, very charming
in their brilliant blue and pure white gowns, scolded us in harsh
voices— go away! go away! away!’ A flock of jovial chickadees wel-
comed us, for they knew that with the passing of a certain rosy-cheek-
ed little girl, was found substantial good cheer at the foot of the great
pine tree.
We watched an acrobat walking upside down along a tree-trunk call-
ing “Yank, yank, yank!”
White vested juncos and tree-sparrows with bay crowns greeted us
with soft trills, and a solitary song-sparrow gave promise of approach-
ing spring. Here at our feet among the low bushes was a bulky nest
which this self same little song sparrow may have occupied last sum-
amer.
Birdnests—we found dozens of them, where we had least thought
when trees and shrubs were clothed in green, and we could now pull
them apart and examine them to our hearts content without fear of dis-
turbing the little builders. Right by our path swung a marvelous cup,
ac
Phi”
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AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 47
as good as new in spite of winter wind and storm. Here mamma
vireo had fed four babies months ago. The flat rim of a peewee’s
nest was piled high with a feathery ring of snow. As we climbed the
fence by the great elm, there swung to and fro in the wind, an oriole’s
closely woven gray pocket.
We have not time to tell you of the treasures we found, but I am
sure you will agree with Dorothy and me that there is fun afield even
on a midwinter day. Cordially, your friend,
Mrc MERRYTHOUGHT.
ANSWERS TO JANUARY PUZZLES,
What is my name? Canada Jay.
DIAMOND,
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ENIGMA,
American Crossbill.
PI. TEN WINTER BIRDS,
1. Nuthatch. Gn iuncor
2. Woodpecker. 7. Shrike.
3, Bluejay. 8. Chickadee.
4. Crossbill. 9. Waxwing.
5. Snowbunting. 10. Winter Wren.
ROLL OF HONOR.
1. Lillian M. Weeks, Marietta, Ohio.
2. James H. Chase, Logansport, Indiana.
3. Huldah Chace Smith, Providence, R. I.
4,
Clifford S. Merrick, Curran, III.
48 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
LETTER SQUARE.
Find thirty-six birds.
a ID SWE AN A AE Ng i I IE I 18
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DUN eh we aN Seon i VetO nn sbien haat
ty 1 ON WN ah AO 1h Mele G © lh W
OF Wie ale Hie D ipAve ACs Wing ea bya hu
0) lah EO) ey I I tel A I ly ©: Ih IL
INP IE al ay la Sel Se IN IE IN ©
G. L. HARRINGTON, Langdon, Minn.
What birds are suggested in the following sentences?
1. I shall severely punish my son William.
2. Jchn, bring a crowbar to move this stone.
3. With flushed cheeks he ran quickly from us toward the train, for
the conductor had called “‘all aboard.”
4. Ben painted the handles of his hatchet and hammer a light yellow.
5. Silently the flakes of suow floated through the air.
6. They crossed the brook on a rail from the fence.
7. He consulted a high official in the Roman Catholic church.
8 A large kettle swung from an iron arm in the old-fashioned fire-
place.
9. King Edward caught a basket full of fish.
10. The Knight wrapped his mantle more closely about him, for
the wind blew fiercely.
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 49
ENIGMA,
(A bird of eleven letters.)
Little 7-5-4-8 7-5-5 had a pet 1-5-4 which she called 6-2-9-8. Early
in the spring this 1-5-4 made up its mind to set: So brother 4-5-6
placed some ducks eggs in the nest. These in course of time, changed
into nine downy yellow balls. But very 11-2-2-4 trouble began for
6-2-9-8. These nine little ducklings would go to the pond in the 7-8-4-5.
In vain the mother 1-5-4 clucked, coaxed and scolded, her babies would
surely drown! Morning 4-2-2-4, and night would find the little family
enjoying the pleasures of this watering place. In June they were left
to follow their own sweet will on 7-8-4-6 or 11-5-8 for about 6-8-3-10
one afternoon, 7-5-2-4, 3-5-56 knocked at the 6-2-2-0. He had a basket
in his 1-8-4-6 which he said held something for 7-5-4-8. When she
raised the cover there were 11-5-5-4 cuddled in the lining of grass, ten
tiny brown quails, which 7-5-2-4 had found in a field where the men had
been mowing, the mother bird 1-8-6 been hidden by the tall grass, and
been killed by the machine. The orphans were placed in 6-2-9-8-11
care and she became as proud of her adopted family as if they had been
1-5-3 own. It was a pretty sight during the rest of the summer, to see
the ten little brown birds following their foster mother about the yard
and they grew, and grew, and grew. But, 8-7-8-1]1, as they grew larg-
er, they grew more independent, and 2-4-5 frosty September morning
6-2-9-8 was again in trouble. The ten little quails had disappeared as:
completely as if the ground 1-8-6 opened and swallowed them, 4-2-9
were they 11-5-5-4 again untii a few weeks ago as 7-5-4-8, 7-2-2-10-5-6
toward the woods she saw what seemed like eight brown globules roll-
ing down the snow crust upon the slope. As they came 4-5-8-9-5-9
she clapped her hands in delight, pressed by 11-2-3-5 hunger, her
6-5-8-9 little wanderers had returned.
She and 4-5-6 cleared the snow from around the lilac bushes, and the
little flock were soon feasting on buckwheat and oats. The birds re-
treated to the woods again, but now come nearly every day for the
grain scattered for them beneath the bushes, and 7-5-4-8 and 1-5-3
brother hope to coax some of the other birds to share in the goodies
5-9-5 the long winter months 8-3-5 gone.
50
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
GLEANINGS,
Where, twisted round the barren oak
_ The summer vine in beauty clung,
And summer winds the stillness broke,
The crystal icicle is hung.
Alas! how changed from the fair scene,
When birds sang out their mellow lay,
And winds were soft, and woods were green,
And the song ceased not with the day.
But still wild music is abroad;
Pale, desert woods! within your crowd;
And gathering winds, in hoarse accord,
Amid the vocal reeds pipe loud.
Chill air and wintry winds! my ear
Has grown familiar with your song:
I hear it in the opening year,
I listen, and it cheers me long.
Longtellow.
Guide to Taxidermy
Full of valuable information.
COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS
HOW TO PREPARE AND MOUNT
Birds
Animals
and Fish
Also contains. a com-
plete list of all North
American Birds, with
prices of their eggs,
skins and mounted
specimens ; also an ex-
haustive line of Orni-
thologists’, Oologists’
and Taxidermists’ sup-
plies, valuable infor
ination for the amateur,
recipes, etc. Bound in
cloth, 35c, postpaid.
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FRANK BLAKE WEBSTER CO.,
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American Bird Magazine
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Volumes !, 2, 3, 4.and Subscription for 1905
FOR $3.50.
These FIVE VOLUMES will contain over 1700
ages of the most interesting and instructive bird
literature, with nearly 1300 illustrations, many of
them photographs of live wild birds.
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NEW BARGAIN LISTS.
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A. G. BULLOCK, President.
HENRY W. WITTER, Secretary
WORCESTER, MASS.
Game of Birds
A series of fifty-two illustrations
of popular birds in colors, true to
nature. A beautiful, interesting,
and instructive game.
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APES SN
PRIA
If you are in authority over children whether
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Your most anxious desire is to help them in their studies
SE Cr EDIE Nes @) Wie
has become a time of trouble; the lessons will not
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debe Wale CiatibIDIQslN|
because ‘“‘methods of instruction have changed so”
since they went to school.
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Taking up the subjects of the
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the Superintendents, Principals and Teachers who won
for New York City gold medal recognition at the
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of One Dollar.
Address Mik 2 DIMORS Ors Chi@ OK n/n
70 Fifth Avenue, New York.
re
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BIRDS AND NATURE.
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mailed so as to reach the subscriber at the proper time. Send the name
and $1.50, we do the rest for you.
A. B. C. BOOK OF BIRDS.
26 Color Plates and Bird Covers in Colors. Price $1.00. By Mary Catherine
Judd. A-book for children both large and small. Miss Judd, in this,
has prepared a book that will be a delight to every child and will be in-
tensely interesting to every adult lover of birds.
THE JINGLE BOOK OF BIRDS.
16 Colored Plates. Bird Covers in Colors. Price 60 Cents. By Edward B.
Clark. Beautiful pictures, catchy verse. Adopted for township libraries
in Wisconsin. This book is for both children and the elders. The lines
are not jingles merely, but jingles which have a well-rounded purpose and
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beautiful. This book will make an appropriate Christmas gift.
THE FAIRIES THAT RUN THE WORLD AND HOW THEY DO IT.
30 Fnil-Page Illustrations. Price $1.00. By Ernest Vincent Wright. A
' beautiful book of children’s stories in verse. The subjects dealt with are
well known to children and many pleasant thoughts regarding the work-
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AWARDED GOLD MEDAL, WORLD’S FAIR ST. LOUIS, 1904.
A.W. MUMEORD, Publisher, 378 Wabash Avenue, Chicago.
( _A BIRD DICTIONARY
COLOR KEY
TO
North American Birds
By FRANK M. CHAPMAN
A complete bird dictionary, with
; upward ‘of 800 drawings in colors, so
arranged that one may learn a bird’s name with the least pos-
sible difficulty. In no other book has the problem of identifica-
tion been so simplified. The book is equally useful in any
part of the country from the Atlantic tothe Pacific. 312 pages,
Q TORTH AMERICAN BIRDS EG6S
By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.
A complete illustrated book of all
eggs. It gives the habitat and breed-
ing range of each species; location and
construction of the nest; time of nest-
ing; number, description and varia-
tion of eggs laid; with a full-sized
illustration of the egg of nearly every
species, and a large number of full-page
illustrations of nesting sites. 360 pages,
cloth, $2.50.
Both of these books and the American Bird
Magazine one year for $5.00.
©
( CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass.
ES Se
LLY My
\e Sis
CORN
LEZ
wes ( fa
Entered at the Post Office at Worcester, Mass. as second-class matter. Jan. 16, 1co1
a al)
A BIRD DICTIONARY
COLOR KEY
TO
North American Birds
By FRANK M. CHAPMAN
“as
NN
q
A complete bird dictionary, with
i upward ‘of 800 drawings in colors, so
arranged that one may learn a bird’s name with the least pcs-
sible difficulty. In no other book has the problem of identifica-
tion been so simplified. The book is equally useful in. any
part of the country from the Atlantic tothe Pacific. 312 pages,
cloth, $2.50.
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS EGGS
By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.
A complete illustrated book of all
eggs. It gives the habitat and breed-
ing range of each species; location and
construction of the nest; time of nest-
ing; number, description and varia-
tion of eggs laid; with a full-sized
illustration of the egg of nearly every ClLIDIRIEIN
« because ‘“‘methods of instruction have changed so’’ \
since they went to school.
If this is your case, would you not like to see a
« magazine devoted to clearing up just these troubles?
Taking up the subjects of the
COURSERORe ssi Wipe
Grade by Grade, and showing how they should be
presented?
(SCHOOL WORK &
will do this for you. It isa QUARTERLY of 128 pages,
addressed to parents and teachers who want help. IT
COstS ONES DOEEAR SA YE AR tO toute emul
bers; 30 cents a copy. Number 3 of Volume 3 will be
invaluable to parents of children learning Algebra and
Geometry and eighth year Arithmetic, and in the work
in English for all grades.
If you send us a postal, mentioning ‘‘American
Ornith»logy”’ we will send postpaid, circulars showing
contents of Volume Three, or the entire volume, over
500 pages of timely pedagogy written and presented by
the Superintendents, Principals and Teachers who won
for New York City gold medal recognition at the
Louisiana Purchase Exposition, will be sent on receipt
of One Dollar.
Address THE EDITORS OF SCHOO: WORK
70 Fifth Avenue, New York.
A Nk Nk Nk RV FN Vw NR NANB
A GOOD FIELD GLASS
The BEST for Bird Study and
Equally Good for
Mountain, Sea Shore or Opera
These Glasses are well made and espec-
ially adapted for the use of the bird stu-
dent as they give about twice the field
vision of ordinary ones and magnify near-
ly four diameters.
They are in good strong leather case,
silk lined.
bes-Remember, you can have them free by getting only ten subscriptions
for our magazine at $1.00 each. Or if you prefer we will send you a pair prepaid
on receipt of $5.00. Try them a week and if not perfectly satisfactory return
them to us and we will refund the $5.00. Is not that fair?
The Glass and Color Key to N. A. Birds by F. M. Chapman.............. $ 6 50
The Glass and North American Birds Eggs by C. A. Reed................ 6 50
Lhe Glass:and both: Books i112 eae eek oe ecient ee 8 00
CHAS. K. REED WORCESTER MASS.
NO COLLECTION IS COMPLETE
WITHOUT ONE OF THESE
Fine Shell Curios
Do you know what it is?
Down in the islands near South
America, this large land shell
(Bulimus oblongus) is not un-
common. Many collectors
boast of having one of the
shells, but how many have one
of its “eggs.” The illustrations
are natural size. The shell is
brownish with rosy red lip.
The egg is pure white of the
same texture as an alligator
egg. They are always hidden
away in the soil, and hatch the
same as a turtle egg; when the
young emerges, it starts in to
feed on green leaves at once.
The eggs are really very
s-arce, and few have ever found
their way into collections, We
have a very limited supply and
while they last will mail a fine
shell and egg for a dollar bill.
The egg, whenever it has been
offered, usually brings this
price or more. We guarantee
safe arrival and hope to have
your order by return mail. We
have young immature shells at
10c. each. Larger ones at 20c.
Eggs alone 75c, (The eggs are
neatly blown.) If you would
like our other lists of fine shells,
minerals, corals, curios, etc.,
we shall be pleased tO send
them.
WALTER F. WEBB
202 Westminister Road,
Rochester, N. Y.
American Bird Magazine
SPECIAL OFFER.
Volumes |, 2, 3, 4and Subscription for 1905
FOR $3.50.
These FIVE VOLUMES will contain over 1700
ages of the most interesting and instructive bird
feerature, with nearly 1300 illustrations, many of
them photographs of live wild birds.
THE FIVE VOLUMES WILL BE SENT PRE.
PAID FOR $3.50.
CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass.
THE DOG FANCIER.
ESTABLISHED 18or.
A MONTHLY KENNEL PUBLICATION.
The oldest, most popular and mest prosperous
amateur kennel publication in America.
Contains each month appropriate reading matter and
illustrations of great value to every owner of a dog.
Advertisers get excellent results, and the rates
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and Canada, and if he’s got a dog you are pretty
sure to reach him through THE DOG FANCIER.
A sample copy will be sent free.
Subscription price, soc a year.
EUGENE GLASS, Publisher, Battle Creek, Mich.
NEW BARGAIN LISTS.
Our new Winter Bargain Lists are just out.
Fine assortments of Minerals Shells, Curios,
and everything required for a Natural His-
tory Collection. Wecarry the finest Base tl
ment of the kind in America and sell th
cheapest. Write today. WALTER F. WEBB.
202 Westminster Road, Rochester, N. Y.
BOYS AND GIRLS
Nature Study Magazine
Organ of the Chautauqua
Junior Naturalist and
Civic Improvement Clubs.
50 CENTS A YEAR
Sample sent free.
ADDRESS
BOYS AND GIRLS
ITHACA, N. Y.
STATE MUTUAL LIFE
ASSURANCE COMPANY.
Insurance in force Jan. 1, 1904,.... $100,902,399.00
Assets Jan. 1, 190!, es Sey Oe 23.249 248.36
Liabilities Jan. 1, 1904 -............... - 21,064,170.00
Surplus Jan. 1, 1904, 00... _ $2,185,078.36
A. G. BULLOCK, President.
HENRY W. WITTER, Secretary
WORCESTER, MASS.
Game of Birds
A series of fifty-two illustrations
of popular birds in colors, true to
nature. A beautiful, interesting,
and instructive game.
35 CENTS POSTPAID.
We will send this FREE for one new
subscriber to American Ornithology.
CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass.
The Condor
A Magazine of Western Ornithology
EDITED BY WALTER K. FISHER
For 1905 THE CONDOR has been
fortunate in securing cooperation of
Mr. William Lovell Finley and Mr.
Herman T. Bohlman whose superb
photographs of wild birds have never
been excelled, and rarely equaled.
They will contribute to each issue dur-
ing 1905 and the collection of photo-
graphs will be notable in the history
of ornithology.
The first article, in the January
issue, details the photographing of
in aerie of Western Red-tails, and as
illustrated by superb photographs,
taken in a huge cotton-wood, 120 feet
above the ground.
Volume VII begins with the January
issue and will be better than any pre-
ceding volumes.
Subscription $1.00 a year. Sample
copy, twenty-five cents. Order of
JOSEPH GRINNELL, Pasadena, Cal..
American Ornithology.
A Magazine Devoted Wholly to Birds.
Published monthly by CHAS. K. REED, 75 Thomas St., Worcester, Mass.
EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B.S.
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE in United States, Canada and Mexico, One
Dollar yearly in advance. Single copies, ten cents. Vols. I, II, Ill and
IV, $1.00 each. Special:—Vols. I, II, III, IV and subscription for
1905, $3.50. We can supply back numbers at ten cents per copy.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25.
— COPYRIGHT, 1905 BY CHAS. K. REED-——
VOL. V MARCH, 1905. NO. 3
Photo from life by J. M. Schreck
YOUNG KINGBIRDS.
Photo from life by R, H. Beebe.
ADULT KINGBIRDS ON MULLEIN STALK.
52 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
A DRUMMER BOY.
My interest in the Partridge was roused by reading William Long’s
stcry of the “‘Ol’ Beach Pa’tridge.’’ This is the story of a bird, which
roamed for years, over a certain tract of land, claiming it as his own,
and from it, driving off every other cock Partridge that dared approach
the region of his two favorite drumming logs. He was the target of
many a hunter, and many a noble dog tried to hold him but in vain.
As a last resort, a small boy set a trap for him, but through the curiosity
of a Blue Jay, the'Ol’ Beech Pa’tridge’s life was spared.
Due to the large number of devotees of the hunt, the woods in this
region, have been largely depopulated of these birds. So it was to me
5
Photo from life by J. M. Schreck.
MOTHER KINGBIRD AND YOUNG.
a matter of joy and interest when an opportunity was presented of ob-
serving the Partridge.
Tired from a long bird walk, which had just led through an old wood
lot, densly covered with a low growth of bushes and brambles, I sat
down to rest. At my feet trickled a little brook, and opposite rose a
AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY. 53
gentle slope covered with hickories, seemingly an ideal place for birds.
As I looked about, my eye rested on a stump, and standing on it,
scarcely discernible on account of the blending of color, was a Partridge.
The bird strutted about on the stump with drooping wings, his fine tail
spread and ruff raised, apparently looking to see if he was observed.
No one was looking, he concluded, and so he stood erect and preened
himself. Then the woods resounded with his drumming. He seemed
to produce the sound by striking his wings against the side of his body.
This, he did very slowly at first, then after a short pause, he gradually
increased the speed until the sound died out in a continuous whirr.
Ten consecutive times I saw this Partridge drum, and every time he
went through the same preliminary movements.
After watching for a time, I made my presence known, by going
nearer, only to see him hop from his stump and disappear in a great
flurry. About fifteen minutes later, asI stood at the edge of the woods,
Some distance from this spot, I again heard the sound of his drumming,
which seemed to come from a long distance.
All summer I thought of this persistent fellow, drumming on his
stump to calla mate. Always there came the wish that the ruthless
hunter would spare his life, and that he might secure a loving mate.
ELSIE SPACE JACKSON.
A MUNICIPAL BIRD TRAP.
By BERTON MERCER.
A recent article in the Philadelphia ‘““Public Ledger’’ brings to the
attention of the general public some very interesting facts concerning
bird life and travel in this locality.
Probably few persons are aware that hundreds of migrating birds are
ensnared annually in the heart of our city by one of the largest bird
traps in the world. This trap is no less than the immense bronze figure
of William Penn on the top af City Hall tower. The distance between
the pavement and the statue is about 549 feet, and around the base of
the figure is a circle of mammoth arc lights that burn throughout the
night. This circle of light—the highest point for miles around—has
been the destroyer of many birds during their nocturnal migration be-
tween their winter and summerhomes. They become temporarily blind-
ed by the strong light and fly against the statue, dropping in the bal-
cony be-neath either dead or mained.
The lights were turned on for the first time on the night of the Fourth
of July 1897, and the next morning the body of a young Sora Rail was
found in the balcony. This Rail was the first bird to meet death in
54 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
the great trap. Since the above date, upwards of two thousand birds,
representing 60 different species, have been killed at the top of the
tower. Following is a list of the different birds which have been found
in this lofty balcony.
STROH MS URIS © Oman CANE DEIR Olin @laniva leleAue ema ly @\WaE Re
Horned Grebe Magnolia Warbler
Ruddy Duck Chestnut-sided Warbler
Sora Rail Black-poll Warbler
Mourning Dove Blackburnian Warbler
Sparrow Hawk : Black-throated Green Warbler
Yellow-billed Cuckoo Palm Warbler
Black-billed Cuckoo Yellow Palm Warbler
Yellow-bellied Woodpecker Prairie Warbler
Flicker Hooded Warbler
Phoebe Tennessee Warbler
Wood Pewee Water Thrush
Bobolink Purple Finch
Savannah Sparrow Pine Warbler
Grasshopper Sparrow Bay-breasted Warbler
White-throated Sparrow Cape May Warbler
Chipping Sparrow Nashville Warbler
Field Sparrow Connecticut Warbler
Slate-colored Junco Oven Bird
Song Sparrow Maryland Yellow-throat
Towhee Yellow-breasted Chat
Indigo Bird Redstart
Scarlet Tanager Catbird
Cedar Bird Brown Thrasher
Red-eye Vireo House Wren
White-eye Vireo Marsh Wren
Blue-headed Vireo Brown Creeper
Black-and-white Creeper Red-bellied Nuthatch
Parula Warbler Golden-crowned Kinglet
Black-throated Blue Warbler Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Myrtle Warbler Wood Thrush
A prominent electrician, connected with the equipment corps, has
taken a great interest in studying these birds, and has secured a col-
lecfion of 130 handsome specimens which have been mounted and are
on exhibition in his office. A large number are also turned over to the
Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. This gentlemen states
that thousands of birds pass close to the lights, while comparatively
few strike.
The majority of the birds found dead are young ones, which would
seem to indicate that the old birds who have made the journey before,
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 15)
have learned the fatal character of the lights and avoid them. It has
also been noticed that no birds strike on moonlight nights, at least until
towards morning when the moon sinks below the horizon and leaves the
heavens darkened. The largest flight of birds takes place in the spring
and fallmonths. The above report is valuable from the fact that it gives
an accurate idea of the dates of migration, and of the different species
which travel over this section.
Extracts from Philadelphia ““Public Ledger,’’ Jan. 31, 1904.
A. O. U. No. 444. (Tyrannus tyrannus.)
RANGE.
Whole of temperate North America, but chiefly east of the Rocky
Mountains as they are only rarely and locally found on the Pacific coast;
their range extends north to the southern parts of British America; in
winter they go beyond our borders to Cuba, Central America and
northern South America.
DESCRIPTION,
Length about 8.5 inches. Upper parts slate color, blackest on the
crown, wings and tail; the underparts are white, and there is a semi-
concealed orange patch in the center of the crown; only the adult birds
have this latter mark, the young having the crown solid blackish.
NEST AND EGGS.
King birds nest in open places either on the edge of woods or in or-
chards; their nests are placed at moderate distances from the ground;
say four to fifteen feet. Nests may be found in a great many varieties
of trees but by far the greater percentage are in apple or pear trees.
Their nests are made of grasses, fibres, twigs, and especially in the
neighborhood of houses, string; this structure is quite large and is
usually lined with horse hair.
They lay three, four, five and sometimes even six eggs ina set, four
56 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
and five being the number most often found; they are creamy white
handsomely specked and spotted with reddish brown and blotched with
lavender and gray. Size .95x.70.
HABITS.
Was ever a bird more aptly umed, a king by name, by nature and,
if we may consider the little orange patch on the head as a crown, in
dress. To be sure their feathers are of a sombre hue, but any plain-
ness in attire is more than offset by their vivacious manners, for they
are very active and pugnacious. and even more fitting than their common
name is the scientific one of tyrannus. They are faithful allies to their
friends—swift, sure and relentless pursuers of those who incur their
displeasure. Without fear they will attack birds of many times their size
and drive them away; Hawks, Crows and Jays flee from them in appar-
ent terror. Their method of attack is always the same,—darting down
at the enemy from above as if they were going to tear him to pieces.
While it is very improbable that they ever do any injury to the larger
birds that they attack, it is strange that none of them ever attempt to
NEST AND EGGS OF KINGBIRD.
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 57
offer the slightest resistence but appear to exert every muscle in an effort
to escape. After chasing the object of his hate sometimes a mile away,
this valiant little tyrant will proudly sale back to his lookout with ex-
cited cries of victory.
In this way they do good service for farmers by protecting his poultry
from the depredations of birds of prey. While never at peace with
birds that are in the habit of preying upon other birds or their
eggs, King birds always seem to be on good terms with all other kinds
and birds of other species are often found nesting in the same tree with
them. Not only do they protect their own nests with great valor, but
they will do their utmost to drive intruders away from the home of any
of their neighbors in distress.
One pair of King birds that I began to feel as though I was acquaint-
ed with, returns to the same orchard year after year. They have taken
upon themselves the duty of police, and try to look after the welfare of
all their neighbors.
The first time I approached the place, this pair of birds came out to
greet me, not with words of welcome, but with notes of alarm and
warning; so vociferous were they that they soon had all the bird popu-
lation in a panic, and Robins, Blue birds, Chipping and Song Sparrows,
Orioles, House Wrens and a pair of Tree Swallows swarmed about me
uttering their varied notes of alarm. It required only a few minutes of
this din to bring forth the farmer to investigate.
I first made my peace with him and then tried it with the birds, which
was a more difficult matter. All except the King birds soon quieted
down but these would have nothing to do with me and it was only after
I had visited them half a dozen times that they would omit their angry
greeting. Finally, however, they did become reconciled to me and my
photographic outfit.
Their food is almost wholly of insects, which are caught on the wing,
and so keen is their vision that they will, from their lookout on a dead
branch, see a favorite insect fifty or more yards away and immediately
dash out in pursuit, and a snapping of the mandibles announces his
success. While most of their food consists of obnoxious insects, they
also eat bees, which causes them to be in ill-repute with bee keepers,
who call these birds Bee birds or Martins. They arrive at their northern
breeding ground early in May and remain until their food supply is
getting scarce which occurs after the first frostof Autumn. Most farm-
ers now realize the value of insect-eating birds and offer them what pro-
tection they can from human enemies and, at least in Massachusetts, I
think that King birds have been increasing in numbers during the past
few years. :
58 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
ee es eT PNET 2 PUN AEE LD ie OES OP a LION PDs PE — SS I aN Na enna
Ny :
What the Birds Said.
By CLARENCE HAWKES.
The birds were always a source of sweet delight to the children. It
mattered not, whether it was early in the spring and the bluebird had
just come with his sweet song, gay in his bright coat of blue and
crimson; or whether it was late in the autumn and the last faint call
of the robin was dying away as he flew southward to his winter home.
The song was alike welcome.
The children could not always tell what the birds were saying in
their low musical language, so their mother who was a bird lover and
understood bird language made some pretty little jingles which told
just what they were saying. Some of these rhymes I remember and
you shall have them so you may know what the birds are saying when
you hear them sing.
When Blue-bird sat upon the clothes post and the bright sunlight
falls upon his rich coat, he would pour fourth his pure sweet song
which was all the more welcome as none of the other birds had yet
come north.
Cheery, cheery, low and clear,
I can charm the dullest ear,
Singing when the air is chill,
Calling for the daffodil.
The next one of the children’s little feathered friends to arrive from
the south was robin. Some mornings they would get up and look out
of the window and there he was hopping about in the meadow, getting
his breakfast. His breast was just as bright as when he flew away and
he was the same pert fellow. When he had finished his morning meal
he would fly up into the old elm tree, and swelling out his breast to its
utmost, begin, his song.
Cheer up, cheer up, when the sun
Is rising in the east,
Cheery cheery when we've done
The work of man and beast.
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 59
Next after robin came phoebe, who was a quiet little fellow, with a
sweet sad song. His coat like his song was very modest, but he was
welcome nevertheless.
The children were apt to discover him flying about in the shed
looking for some convenient beam upon which to build a nest for Mrs.
Phoebe.
©
Phoebe, phoebe, all day long,
Just that plaintive little song,
If he knows another note,
It is hidden in his throat.
Next atter the phoebe, came the swallow, flying along the meadows
like the wind. He always wore the same brown coat, and was always
the same noisy fellow. You might see him perched upon the top of
the barn, or under the eaves, or he might be trying his wings over the
corn stubble. —
Chatter chatter in the air,
Chatter chatter “neath the eaves,
Chatter chatter everywhere
*Till the falling of the leaves.
It was some time before the most beautiful song of all was heard,
but like all good things, it came at last. May be you discovered him
flying above the erass in the meadow, or perhaps he was perched upon
the top most branch of a small tree or bush, but there was no
mistaking the song.
Gurgle, ripple sweetest song,
Sparkle, bubble, all day long,
Merry music don’t you think
From the wonderous bobolink.
Then there were oriole and song sparrow each with a wonderful
song of his own, and a host of others that only chirped and twittered,
but all did what they could to make the summer days glad.
Over in the beach woods was a very shy fellow. The children rarely
saw him, and even when they did, it was not much of a sight, for his
coat was a rusty brown, but he had a very peculiar song which you will
never forgot when you had heard it once.
Cuckoo, cuckoo, in the woods,
How he loves the solitudes,
Cuckoo, cuckoo, calling yet,
He is asking for more wet.
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
60
ip a FOES
‘aqoog “H “M Aq ast] WoL 0}04d
‘ONNOA GNV GUHIFONIN DTNGV
AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY. 61
YELLOW-THROATED WARBLER.
A. O. U. No. 663. (Dendroica dominica)
; RANGE.
The breeding range of these Warblers is in eastern United States,
chiefly east of the Alleghenies, where it is found from southern Flori-
da to Maryland and casually Pennsylvania. They winter in southern
Florida, the Bahamas and the West Indies.
DESCRIPTION.
Length, 5 to 5.25 in. The adults of this species are very similar in
color and markings, the female being only a trifle duller colored.
SYCAMORE WARBLER.
A. O. U. No. 663a. (Dendroica dominiea albilora.)
RANGE AND DESCRIPTION,
The western form of the Yellow-throated Warbler is most abundantin
the lower Ohio Valley, ranging from the Alleghenies in Virginia west to
Nebraska and from Michigan and Wisconsin south to the Gulf. It
differs from the eastern form in having the lores white or nearly white
instead of yellow as in the preceding» and in usually having the chin
white also. The habits of the two very similar birds do not differ.
NEST AND EGGS.
The eastern Yellow-throated Warblers nest commonly in the South
Atlantic States, building their homes upon the horizontal boughs of
pines or oaks, or sometimes in pendant bunches of Spanish moss
something after the style of the Parula Warbler; as a rule their nests
are placed at quite an elevation from the ground, the distance varying
from fifteen to forty feet. When placed on limbs the nests are made
of fine twigs, grasses and shreds of bark and lined with feathers. They
lay three or four, and rarely five, eggs of a pale greenish-white color,
specked or wreathed with brown and lavender. Size .70 x .50.
HABITS
These birds are one of the earliest ot the Warbler migrants, due per-
haps to the fact that many of them winter along the Gulf coast and in
Florida. ‘They arrive at their summer homes and commence breeding
early in April, usually rear their families and commence to take their
departure in the latter part of July or August. Their song is loud and
62 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
clear and with a faint suggestion of the Indigo-Bunting melody, it
being an unusual song for a Warbler. Their habits are quite similar to
those of the Black and White Warbler, being in fact, aS much like those
of a creeper as a Warbler. They are persistent gleaners and often
give voice to their little song as they clamber about among the branch-
es. It will be noticed that their bills are longer and more curved than
those of the other Warbler.
GRACE WARBLER.
A. O. U. No. 664. (Dendroica graciz).
RANGE.
Western United States breeding in the mountains of Arizona and
New Mexico, and wintering in the western part of Mexico.
DESCRIPTION AND HABITS.
This species averages about a quarter of an inch less in length than
the last, to which it bears some resemblance although it has a typical
warbler bill; the entire supercialiary line is yellow, the sides of the
head are gray and the back is marked with black streaks or arrow
heads. These birds are quite abundant in pine woods at high elevations
in southern Arizona. Their nests are placed high up in coniferous
trees usually in a bunch of needles at the end of a limb. They are
therefore quite difficult to find and their eggs are scarce. The nests
are made of grasses, bark, needles, etc., and are lined with hair and
feathers; the eggs are white with reddish brown specks, chiefly on the
larger end.
BLACK-THROATED GRAY WARBLER.
A. O.U. No. 665. (Dendroica nigrescens.)
RANGE.
Western United States, breeding from southern Arizona and south-
ern California north to British Columbia and east to the middle of Col-
orado. ‘They winter in the southern part of Mexico.
HABITS.
Black-throated Gray Warblers are easily identified by their black,
white and gray colors and the small yellow spot on the lores. These
birds return to our country from their winter quarters about the first
Townsend
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
WARBLERS.
Yellow throated Grace
Golden-cheeked
Black-throated Green
Black-throated Gray Hermit
63
64 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
week in April and reach the northern limit of their breeding area about
the third week in that month. They are usually found on high dry
areas, seeming to prefer tall coniferous trees within which to construct
their nests, although these are sometimes found in bushes as well.
The female does the greater part if not all the nest building, the male
merely superintending the work. Their nests are placed at heights of
from five to twenty or more feet from the ground and are usually sit-
uated in a small bunch of leaves which effectually conceals it from the
view of prying eyes, whether of man or bird, for Crows, California and
Steller Jays are common where these warblers nest and are always in
search of a breakfast of eggs or young birds. Their nests are com-
pactly made of dried grasses and lined with feathers or hair, or both.
Four eggs usually constitutes a complete set, these being laid early in
May. While quite common in the spring and fall, but few of them are
seen during the summer as during the nesting period they are shy and
retiring. The male bird frequently sings while the female is on the
nest, but usually at some distance from it. Should any danger appear
the female will quietly glide away through the underbrush and seek her
mate, upon finding whom they will both return and scold the intruder.
While they are naturally shy birds, they are not opposed to becoming
friendly with anyone that they feel that they can trust, and so accurate
is a bird’s intuition that its confidence is rarely betrayed. Young birds
in the fall show but few traces of black on the throat, the crown is
grayish and the back is without streaks; the adult female is similar,
but shows more black on the throat, the crown is mixed with black and
the back is streaked with the same; as is usual among the ‘Warblers,
the male is the most beautiful, this species having an intense glossy
black crown and throat, which requires the out-of-door light on the
living bird to display its complete beauty.
GOLDEN-CHEEKED WARBLER.
A. O. U. No. 666. (Dendroica chrysoparia.
RANGE.
This rare species is found in the United States only in Texas where
it breeds in the south central portion; in the winter it migrates into
Mexico and Central America.
HABITS.
These beautiful birds are, perhaps, the rarest of the North American
Warblers. The male bears a strong resemblance to that of the Black-
throated Green Warbler, but the back and crown are a jet black, the
latter often with a nearly concealed spot of yellow in the center, and
the sides of the head are a brighter yellow with a narrow black stripe
AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY. 65
through the eye. The female is much brighter than the female of the
Black-throated Green having a bright yellow throat mixed with black,
and bright greenish-yellow upper parts with black streaks. The birds
are found entirely where there is cedar timber, and they build their
nests in these trees, usually at low elevations, such as five or ten feet
from the ground. The nests are handsome structures, compactly
woven of grasses, mosses and cobwebs, and lined with hair and feathers.
The four eggs that they lay are white, specked chiefly around the large’
end with cinnamon or reddish brown. They average about .75 x .55
inches. The birds first appear in Texas about the middle of March
and may be found breeding during April and May.
BLACK-THRORTED GREEN WARBLERS.
A. O. U. No. 667. (Dendroica virens).
RANGE.
The United States and southern Canada east of the Great plains,
breeding in the northern half of the United States and in the Alleghenies
south to Georgia; in the fall they migrate through Texas and Mexico to
Guatemala where most of them winter.
HABITS.
With the possible exception of the Pine Warbler, Black-throated
Greens are most abundant of resident Warblers in eastern United States.
During migration, Black-polls and Myrtle Warblers are also very abun-
dant but they all pass on beyond our borders. During the summer
these birds are found almost exclusively in coniferious trees but in the
spring and fall, during migrations they may be met with anywhere; in
the fall migration especially, they like to keep in the tops of tall trees in
company with many other varieties and then they are very hard to
identify as at that season they sing but very little. They appear in the
United States about the first of April reaching their breeding grounds
in the north after the first of May. By the end of the month they have
all mated and retired to the pine covered hill-sides to breed. In ex-
teusively wooded districts, they nest in communities but in isolated
pine trees in other woods a single pair may often be found nesting.
As arule they like low growths of pines but many may be found in
very large trees; in either case the nests are usually placed well up
towards the top and wholly concealed from below by the numerous
needles. The birds are bright little fellows, ever on the watch to see
66 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
that no one is watching them while they are house-building or, later,
when they are feeding their little ones. I have often known them to
build decoy nests when they knew that they were observed, and have
known them, too, to leave a nest when they were certain that it had
been found. The only evidence of short-sightedness in their endeavors
to keep their homes secret is the violent scolding to which they treat
every intruder, thereby notifying him of the fact that they have ahome
near by.
Their nests are made of grasses, rootlets and fibres, lined with horse
hair. They lay four, and sometimes five white eggs specked and
spotted with brown and lavender; size .60x.50 inches. Their song is
one of the most familiar and characteristic of the eastern Warblers. It
is a spirited, high-keyed ditty, something like “‘zee-zee-ze-ze-zee-zee”’
with the first four notes high pitched, the fifth considerably lower and
the sixth mid-way between the others. It is a very welcome song and
one not to be mistaken for that of an: other bird.
TOWNSEND WARBLER.
A. O. U. No. 668. (Dendroica townsendi.)
RANGE,
Western North America, breeding from southern California north to
British Columbia and southern Alaska; east to western Colorado.
Winters in southern Mexico and Guatemala.
HABITS.
These birds are very similar to, and almost might be called the
western Black-throat Greens, differing only in the black ear patches
aud blackish crown. ‘They are found in coniferous districts and are
common in certain localities.
In the spring they first reach the United States from their winter
quarters in Guatemala about the middle of April where they are quite
common in the Huachuca Mountains of southern Arizona. They slowly
work their way northward, bands dropping out to settle in certain
regions, until they reach British Columbia and southern Alaska, which
marks the northern limit of their distribution, about a month later.
They at once commence house-keeping, building their nests in the
same situations that the eastern Black-throated Greens do; their four
eggs are very similar to, and usually cannot be distinguished from
those of the preceding. They raise but one brood in a season and by
~ AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY. 67
August first, at the latest, these are able to fly, and by the last of the
month they commence to travel southward in preparation for another
winter.
HERMIT WARBLER.
A. O. U. No. 669. (Dendroica occidentallis) -
RANGE,
This Warbler is foumd in the Pacific coast states from California and
Arizona north to British Columbia. They reach the United States at
about the same time in the spring as the last but are usually several
weeks later in leaving.
HABITS, :
These handsome Warblers are wholly different in plumage from any
other American variety and can easily be recognized in any plumage
by the evidences of the yellow head. They cannot be called common
in any locality but may be met on any of the Pacific coast mountains
usually being found at quite an elevation. Owing to their extreme
westerly distribution they are frequently known as Western Warblers.
They nest high up in pines, concealing their nests so that they are very
difficult to find. The nests are made of fibres and rootlets, lined with
shreds of bark and hair. The four eggs have a pale greenish white
ground spotted and blotched with reddish brown and gray.
THE HUMMING BIRD.
At frequent intervals this summer I watched the Humming birds as
from time to time they visited the canna-beds on the lawn. It is an in-
structive and delightful occupation for busy people as well as those
who are leisurely inclined, to watch these beautiful creatures amid nat-
ural surroundings, and to know some of their habits and peculiarities
from original investigation and observation. When first I knew them
as the most diminutive of all feathered tribes, I occasionally swept my
net over them—only to behold with one mighty regret their immediate
and plausible disappearance. It is peculiar that such a charming bird
—so diminutive that in fact its name a couple centuries ago was synony-
mous with mosquito, should be found in our own American gardens
Its gorgeous changing colors.are peculiar to birds of tropical regions;
but, after the migratory season, they are found everywhere east of the
Mississippi, and are considered quite numerous by persons who are
habitually and diligently observant. The statistics claim that 450
species are found on the American continent; but only ten or eleven of
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
68
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AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 69
these venture into the states. One of these, the Ruby-throat, notice-
able by:a patch of color—‘‘metallic in hue, but in the sun lights to a
flame,’’—is found in abundance and ought to be familiar to everybody.
Everyone knows the the Rcby-throated Hummidg bird, or would do.
so, only that some people confuse him with the bright-colored long-
tongued sphinx moths that are seen hovering, mostly inthe early even-
ing, over the flowers of the garden. The average person seldom
notices one on a branch, they are so small and easily overlooked, and
occasionally a person perceives not one under his very nose, except
when guided by the gesticulations of some one else. Many persons,
also, imagine this bird lives constantly on the wing, they never saw one
otherwise, they say. Yet, if they observed attentively, they could often
see them basking in the sun on some quiet twig. Recreation, to these
plumed bipeds, is of considerable importance, and there they pass but
a fraction of their time in aerial navigation.
It is curious and interesting to watch the male, who is more gorge-
ously attired than the female, glide upward to the height of twenty or
thirty feet, and then descend like a bullet, instantly rebounding to the
same height as before, as if he was suspended by a rubber band, the
elasticity of which caused him to bound back and forth thru the air.
In order to see this process of gymnastics, I had to “‘freeze,’”’ that is,
Standing as still as possible whenever his quick eye scanned the place
for moving objects. This is necessary—all naturalists realize this—no
matter how painful or ludicrous your position may be, asa single move-
ment, visible to wild creatures in their natural state, will always con-
sider you dangerous to them. Then, after he had fairly cut the air with
his marvelous gyrations, he settled himself comfortably on the fence
and yawned a little yawn, sick of the sickening honey and excitement
of the day. I, also had ample time to notice his apparently useless.
ebony-black feet, which were subjected to strong muscular tension in
its efforts to preserve equilibrium of a fat and supple body, weighing
on the average only twentw-eight grains.
The plumage of this bird is of special interest, ahd its arrangement
and color vary with the species. All the most magnificent and brilliant
colors you can imagine are fairly showered upon them. The wings and
tail of the Ruby-throat are a soft brown, and as its name signifies, it
carries a patch of scarlet at its throat. Otherwise, the bird is of that
bright color which alternates in green and gold. All Hummers have
ten feathers in their tail, and their position differs widely with each
variety. One certain kind carries all the glory of a peacock’s tail in
miniature, and another the correct fac-simile of a Lyre-bird’s graceful
plumes.
70 AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY.
Their principal food is the nectar found at the bottom of tubular-
shaped flowers, which they extract while on the wing by means of their
long and slender bill. Their bill, by the way, is shaped according to
the flower it feeds upon, and their long tongue is “bifid and filiform
nearly to the base.’’ This enables them to make short work of the
beetles and winged insects which are captured within the carollas of
flowers. It is a well known fact that a caged Hummer will droop and
die if fed on exclusive honey diet. But in their rural state they vary
their delightful diet with a ‘tender spider or a dainty ant.’’ Last sum-
mer I grew quite familiar with one Hummer thru his frequent visitations
to the cannas and late Easter lilies. Every morning and evening he
fairly gobbled down the surplus honey-dew, slayiny all the unwelcome
intruders, and then this cannibal king feasted himself sick on all the
delicacies within his domain. |
Every year these emerald pygmies are guided by the migratory im-
pulses, and are seen in this vicinity by the first day of June. In ten
days nest building isin progress, but they remain and luxuriate through-
our Indian summer until September, and again that strange instinct
guides them, in all possibility, back to the West Indies. Yet, their
manner is not affected by latitude, very quick and active as they dart
in the sunlight and display their bright colors. The note usually heard
from the Hummer is a squeak which seems to be an expression of
nervousness or annoyance, and is uttered whenever an intruder
approaches its nest. It will ofted hover around the head of the intrud-
er, squeaking and fluttering, defiantly inviting battle, all for the sake of
its young ones.
Their nest is generally found firmly attached to some dry limb of a
tree. It is difficult to locate one, for they are so often mistaken for a
small kuot. The edge of the nest curves in, probably to prevent the
contents from getting spilled out. Internally, it is lined with the soft-
est vegetable fibers, and extcrnally, whether put on purposely or for
ornament, are chips of lichens and soft mosses, glued on with the bird’s
saliva. Ten days after the nest is built, two eggs are laid, about the
size of peas, and are hatched after an interval of three weeks. Then the
female is kept constantly busy feeding them, for the male absents him-
self as soon as incubation begins. I once saw the female probe the
little ones in such a way that it sent a cold chill thru me. When the
little Hummers grow, they also grow more pugnacious and quarrelsome
among themselves, and the little black-capped Chickadee retreats before
them without the slightest risistence, as if he had long ago acknow-
ledged their superiority. A friendly duel is the “acme of Humming
bird happiness,’ and then they come together with about as much noise
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. a
as two balls of yarn. I once saw a Yellow Warbler—by comparison a
mammoth—pestered by a little Hummer. It could not learn that the
midget was only a miniature bird, but regarded him asa creature great-
ly to be feared, and fled before him to the best of his clumsy ability.
But the agile little Hummer followed him like a shadow, and pestered
him exceedingly, by makiug feints at him or even giving playful jabs
with his rapier-like bill. It ended with the Warbler making adeliberate
retreat for life thru the thick bushes and briers.
M. R, Simonson, Wis.
GLEANINGS.
THE SONG SPARROW.
Glimmers gay the leafless thicket
Close beside my garden gate,
Where, so light, from post to thicket,
Hops the sparrow, blithe, sedate,
Who with meekly folded wing,
Comes to sun himself and sing.
It was there, perhaps, last year,
That his little house he built,
For he seems to perk and peer,
And to twitter too, and tilt,
The bare branches in between,
With a fond, familiar mien.
LATHROP.
72 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
OUR YOUNG FRIENDS.
My DEAR YounNG FOLKS:
Once upon a time, (when I was a child) I saw in a little magazine a
picture of an old man with birds flying all above, some eating from his
hand, and some upon his head and shoulders, and the story told how
he had tamed the birds by kindness so that they would come at his
call. I thought it a charming sight, but classed it with my favorite
fairy tales.
But many dreams of my childhood have come true, and during the
past year I have known personally a half dozen people who have so
tamed the little feathered folk that they come at their call and eat from
the hand. I have in mind one busy man who never goes out without a
supply of broken raw peanuts in his pockets with which to regale three
or four chickadees that he usually meets as he goes to and from his
place of business.
The chickadees seem to be the most easily tamed—what dear cheery
little fellows they are—but time and patience will conquer many
others, and it is a much more delightful sport than to hunt them with
the gun. Probably there are few of our boys and girls who do not
have some birds about their homes, (we always except English Spar-
rows). Coax them to be friendly by an abundance of food, and fresh
water, protect them from cats, then get them used to seeing you, and
knowing that you are harmless, and that your presence always means
something good to eat—for the way to a bird’s “heart is through his
stomach’’—and by slow degrees win their confidence, and with patience,
patience, and more patience, by the end of the season you can each one
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. (3
of you have at least one or two saucy chickadees come at your bidding.
ar yrsit: Cordially, your Friend,
MEG MERRYTHOUGHT.
ROLL OF HONOR.
1. Huldah Chace Smith, Providence, R. I.
2. Russell S. Adams, St. Johnsburg, Vt.
3. Samuel D. Robbins, Belmont, Mass.
4. Frank B. Clark, Jr., Glastonburg, Ct.
5. James Chase, Logansport, Ind.
ANSWERS TO FEBRUARY PUZZLES.
Birds in Letter Square.
1. Redstart. 19. Evening Grosbeak.
2. Red-throated Loon. 202) Drains
3. Red (bird). ile Weimncte
4. Hermit Thrush. Zee Ole
5. Oven (bird). 235 = Orioles
6. Am. 24. Nuthatch.
7. Hawk. 25. Teal.
os) Himeh: 26. Chat.
ws NS 27 Catabinc)):
OPS Cron. 28. Knot.
11. Heron. 29. Ruff.
12. Jay. 30) | Pipit:
13. Kestrel. 31. Brant.
14. Bobolink. 32. Reed (bird),
Sey licker: 227 Nile.
1G} Slibis. 34. King (bird).
ie COOt. 802 ao kta:
Ss herin. SO Ditech:
Suggested birds. 1. Whip-poor-will. 2. Turnstone. 3. Redstart.
4. Yellow-hammer. 5. Snowflake. 6. Rail. 7. Cardinal. 8. Crane.
9. King-fisher. 10. Nightingale.
Enigma. MHornen Larks.
EXTRACTS FROM OUR MAIL BAG.
I have enjoyed feeding the birds tnis winter. The Red-breasted
_ Nuthatch that ate from my hand last winter did not return this winter,
and the female hairy woodpecker has been succeeded by a male, other-
wise I have the same birds I had last year, some twenty in all. The
74 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
chickadees fed from my hand, while the white-breasted nuthatches,
juncos, and brown creepers fed from a board restaurant that hangs
from a wire out of harm’s reach. The brown creepers and nuthatches
are very awkward when they are not upon the tree, and the nuthatch is
still more awkward when he tries to perch upon the wires near the res-
taurant. Many of the birds even come to my window-sill when I am
very near. The woodpeckers enjoy suet with the above mentioned
birds, and the blue-jays on a large nut tree near by. Strange to Say,
the English sparrows seldom, if ever, attempt to eat of the food I pro-
vide and I have never seen them drive away another bird.
SAMUEL DowSE ROBBINS,
Belmont, Mass.
One day last summer when I was picking wild azalias, I saw a nice
bush of it and ran there and began to pick the flowers. While I was
doing so I spied a newly made nest in the center of the bush. I knew
other people would come there to get the flowers and find the nest, so
I picked off all the blossoms. Seeing no bird around to claim the nest
I did not know what kind it was. I visited it a week affer and found
a brave little mother sitting on four eggs.
I fouad out that it was a Chestnut-sided Warbler. The next time I
came there were four newly fledged birds. She did not mind if I came
within a yard from her. The birds had all flown in a week, and I took
the nest.
ALFRED Boyp, Waterbury, Conn.
ENIGMA.
My 1-9-18-13 is a metal.
My 2-8-5-17-9-6 is a state.
My 7-12-11-20 is a piece of money.
My 3-2-6-4-9-16 is a foreign city.
My 14-15 20-20-19-11 is a young animal.
My 7-8-9-10 is a black bird.
My 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8t9-10-11-12-13-14-12-16-17-18-19-20 is a small bird.
Russet S. ApAms. St. Johnsburg, Vt.
PI. TWELVE BIRDS WHICH WALK INSTEAD OF HOPPING,
ee haa ket: (ee squitla
2. sadpinsper 8. clakb-dribs
3. spines 9. slow-slaw
4. rovelsp 10. deamow-ralks
Se SOUEaE 11. skilbobon
6. gonesip 12. lono-ridbs
Te Lit See il
Oe poe eed
isda mat i SS
= D9 in:
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CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS.
Guide to Taxidermy
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© ©§9--© ©-§-$ ©
Methods in the Art of Taxidermy
By Oliver Davie, Author of ‘"Nests and
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90 FULL PAGE ENGRAVINGS.
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its practical methods and beauties portrayed
@ as we find them interpreted in this work. It
O
OXOXOK OX OXKEX OK OXOOKEXEW ONO OO Oo OW OO
American Ornithology.
A Magazine Devoted Wholly to Birds.
Published monthly by CHAS. K. REED, 75 Thomas St., Worcester, Mass.
EDITED BY CHESTER A. REED, B.S.
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE in United States, Canada and Mexico, One
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1906, $4.00. We can supply back numbers at ten cents per copy.
FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTION, $1.25.
—COPYRIGHT, 1905 BY CHAS. K. REED——
VOL. V DECEMBER, 1905. NO. 12
This issue completes our fifth volume, and with it we send our thanks
to all our subscribers for the support they have given us in our work.
We trust that it has been merited and that we may receive a continu-
ance of the same. The power and appearance of a magazine depends
almost entirely upon its circulation. We shall do the best that we can,
but the larger circulation we get the better we can make the magazine.
Will not each one of you call the American Bird Magazine to the atten-
tion of your friends, and send us a list of all that you think are, or
might be, interested in birds. We shall be glad to send them a sample
copy. We want you all to feel at liberty to make any suggestions that
you think will help to improve the value or appearance of the magazine,
and invite you to use it as a medium of exchange for your ideas and
experiences. We have some fine illustrations and excellent articles in
store for the coming year. Look for the beautiful Colored Picture of
the rare Carolina Paraquet in the January Number.
The advance sale of BIRD GUIDE and the many compliments upon
the appearance of its sample pages, leads us to believe that its sale
will be very large. It should have, for nothing like it has ever been
on the market. It is of pocket size, has colored pictures of all the
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your order at once if you wish it for Christmas, Until the Ist of Jan.
we will send BIRD GUIDE with a year’s subscription to American
Ornithology for $1.25; if your subscription does not expire now we will
extend it one year from when it does.
Photo from life by C. A. Smith.
THE OWL,
By Mary LAVERNA HARVEY.
In sunless woods,
Where prowlers prowl,
There dwells a solemn visaged fowl
Which men are pleased to call,
The Owl.
And, when you pass his woodland through,
With round dim eyes he stares at you,
Inquiring boldly,
“Who?”
Though oft you tell him what’s your name,
He ask his question just the same—
He frights and chills you through and through,
Inquiring boldly,
“Who?”
280 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
Photo fromilife bygC. A. Reed. 23
SPOTTED SANDPIPER.
She sat on the egas, with her feathers relaxed and wings drooped, while the head was drawn well
down on the shoulders.
- AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 284
THE SPOTTED SANDPIPER.
A. O. U. No. 263. (Actitis macularia).
Spotted Sandpipers are found throughout North America, breeding
from our southern border north to Hudson Bay, and spending the winter
along the Gulf, and in the West Indies. Unlike most of the other Sand-
pipers, they are rarely seen in flocks of any considerable size, and rare-
ly associate with other members of the family.
They arrive in northern United States early in May. They will first
be seen along the shores of rivers or ponds, running up and down the
water’s edge or standing on a half submerged stone, and nearly always
with their heads and tails alternately bowing or jerking. Nearly all
shore birds indulge in grotesque motions indicative of fear, curiosity
or sociability, but the Spotted Sandpiper carries his emotions to the
extreme, and is, therefore, known by many local names, most of which
refer to his actions, such as Tip-up and Teeter-tail.
They seem to be very evenly distributed in the interior or along the
coasts. A single pair, or sometimes two or three pairs, will settle down
for the season in the neighborhood of any small pond, stream or lake.
In whatever light they are considered, they are one of our most wel-
come birds. ‘Their piping notes are very pleasing to the ear, their
manners are very attractive, and their food habits make them of great
value economically. Their food is almost wholly insectivorous and,
especially during the breeding season and while bringing up their young,
they will be found most abundantly in cultivated fields, running along
the ploughed furrows after small grasshoppers and other insects. It
seems a pity that such useful and attractive birds cannot enjoy pro-
tection from the attacks of gunners at all seasons of the year, but after
the middle of July, in most states, all shore birds have to take their
lives in their hand and keep out of the way of all two-legged animals.
Although a great many of these birds are shot off each fall, I do not
think that they are getting any scarcer, which is accounted for by the
skill with which they conceal their nests, and the tact that they display
in leading folks away from its neighborhood. Most of the shore birds
nest in colonies and lay their eggs in rather conspicuous places near or
on the beach but, while some of the Spotted Sandpipers nest near the
water’s edge, the majority of nests will be found in the tall grass of
fields bordering ponds orcultivatedland. Frequently they will be found
several hundred yards from water.
At least three pairs of Sandpipers nest every year ina certain locality
that I often frequent but, until this year, I have never made any effort
to locate them. This place has always appeared to me to be unusually
282 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
attractive and it is to birds too, for quantities of various kinds nest
there. It is in a small hollow separated from a large lake by a small
pine covered ridge; in this hollow is a small pond hole, surrounded on
two sides by cultivated fields, on the third by a meadow carpeted with
tall grass, and on the fourth by scrub pines which extend down from
the ridge.
Photo from life by C. A.Reed.
Sometimes she would rise and carefully tread her eggs about until all were turned over.
These birds first appear here the first week in May, and for the
succeeding two weeks the air resounds with their fife-like notes as they
chase each other about or call from the lake side. They skim over the
surface of the pond with that peculiar tremulous flutter of the down-
curved wings, peculiar to Sandpipers, and sometimes chase one another
over the fields with a flight very similar to that of the swallows.
Before the end of May they are mated and have selected the spot for
their home. Their nest building is a very simple task, for having found
a small hollow that suites their taste, the female has but to sit in it and
turn about a few times, to make the dried grass conform to the shape
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY YR3
Photo H. G. Phister.
NEST AND EGGS OF SPOTTED SANDPIPER.
[Winner of 2nd prize in Class 3. ]
284 AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY.
of her body, and the home is completed. I have found their nests in
small clumps of grass on sandy beaches where they were quite con-
spicuous; under bushes or blackberry vines near the edge of the water;
and on dry hill tops a long distance from water.
Photo from life by C’ A. Reed.
She sat there as contentedly as though I was not in existence, and watched the small birds flitting
through the pines or flying overhead.
The first part of last June I spent two mornings looking for the eggs
of one of these Sandpipers but without success. The next morning as
I was crossing the ridge on my way to continue the search, a bird
fluttered from nearly under my feet and ran off down the hill with her
wings trailing as though broken; it was one of the Sandpipers and I
found that I had nearly trod upon her four eggs that were in a hollow
in the short grass. It was in asmallclearing near the edge of the scrub
pines, far from where I had been looking for them. ‘The eggs were
beautifully marked, as is usual with this species, and were arranged in
the usual manner, that is with all the small ends together at the center
of the nest. They had little to conceal them from view except their
coloration, but this was so effectual that, when ten feet away, it was
very difficult to pick the eggs out from their surrounding, and anyone
not knowing the exact location could not have seen them even at a
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 285
closer distance. As I said, this nest was in a clearing where there was
not a particle of shelter, not even a spear of grass to keep the sun’s
rays off at any time during the day. As I spent a great many pleasant
hours watching this bird, I used often to think of her on exceedingly
warm days, sitting there, panting but faithful to her charges. Four
days of the heaviest rainfal that we have ever had also occured at this
time, and I was very doubtful about her being able to stand it, but
when the sun appeared on the morning of the fifth day, she slipped
away from the nest upon my approach, apparently none the worse for
the drenching. Only one who has been caught in the fields or woods
far from shelter in a driving rain can appreciate what the birds have to
undergo at such times. I wonder how much sleep this bird could get
on these two nights with the rain coming in torrents, while she had to
sit in one spot without a bit of shelter.
My first photograph of her sitting on the nest was made by operating
the camera shutter with a thread from a distance of about fifty yards.
I was concealed under a bush but her bright eyes discovered me and
she was very shy about going to the nest. While I was making the
camera ready she was standing on a stone a short distance away, on
the edge of a cornfield, and with many “‘teeterings’’ and calls, which
were answered by her mate from the edge of the pond, watched me at
my work for a few minutes, and then flew down tothe pondtoo. Soon
after I had concealed myself I heard a low musical “‘peet’’ of an entire-
ly different tone from the usual “‘peet-weet’’ that they utter. This was
repeated at intervals of three or four seconds, and soon I saw her run.
ning up the hill towards me. She would run a few feet, then stand and
bow a few times, and by repeating this performance soon reached the
nest
Not the slightest regard was paid to the camera and she would run
in and out between the tripod legs as though they had always been
there. For some reason, however, she seemed to be afraid to settle on
the eggs. This, from her subsequent actions, I attributed to the fact
that she knew where I was. She walked entirely around the nest sev-
eral times, and then carefully stepped up and felt of the eggs with her
bill, acting as though she thought there was some trap to catch her.
Finally she ran right across the nest and then turned around quickly to
see if anything had happened. At each attempt she gained confidence
and finally was sitting on her eggs contentedly as though I had never
disturbed her. I made but one picture of her at this time, but on
succeeding days made about a dozen more, being concealed in a blind
that I constructed within a few feet of the nest. As she could not see
me she come and went indifferently, acting just as she would, had I not
286 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
been about. As she walked about my hiding place, I could often have
reached out and touched her; it seemed strange to be so near an un-
restrained, wild bird; I could even see the changing expressions in her
eyes.
Invariably, when returning to the nest, she would feel of all the eggs
with her bill, then carefully step on or between them, spread her feathers
and settle down to her task. When sitting, her wings were droopedso
as to rest on the ground, and her head was usually drawn well down on
the shoulders. She seemed to be interested in all that transpired about
her, watching the small birds as they flitted through the pines, and
twisting her head way around to see every bird that flew overhead.
Twice I had an opportunity to watch her when some one was approach-
ing. She saw a man coming through the trees even before I heard
him; her feathers drew closer to her sides and she became as motion-
less as the stone beside her, in fact she resembled this stone so much
that there was little danger of her being discovered. When the man
had come to within about twenty yards she very carefully slipped from
the eggs and ran, or rather sneaked through the grass, to a distance of
perhaps thirty feet from the nest, and hid behind a larger stone. The
man passed within a few feet of me but did not notice anything and
was soon lost to view. The Sandpiper came leisurely back, stopping
several times to pick up insects. The next time we were disturbed we
did not escape so easily. A man approached from the rear so that Mrs.
Sandpiper could not see him and stayed on the nest; on he came, lum-
bering over all the bushes in the way, turning out for nothing, and I
was forced to rise up and stop him as he was about to clamber through
my ambush. He started back as though he had seen a ghost, with a
‘Wall Iswan! I never seed yer!’ Of course I was obliged to explain
that I was making photographs, but I did not tell him what of, and he
did not see the nest or the bird which, being frightened, was running
away with a ‘“broken’’ leg and wing, and piping loudly.
About every fifteen minutes, while I was watching her, she would
half rise and tread with her feet until she had turned every egg over;
she always turned them over, also, after having been away feeding for
a short time.
Quite often she would answer the male birds as they called to each
other or to their mates, from down at the pond. It sounded alarmingly
loud and clear to hear her call, at such a short distance. Always when
returning to the nest, she would utter low sweet whistles in varying but
very clear tones. Just once I heard her, while she was on the nest,
give a series of whistles or warbles. She was undoubtedly so happy
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 287
Photo from life by C. A. Reed.
SPOTTSD SANDPIPER.
Reaching down to fondle her eggs with her bill. Her back is blurred by the “teetering” motion in
which they alwags indulge when standing or walking.
288 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
that she was singing to herself, and she never knew that she had an
appreciative audience.
Even while she was sitting, she often teetered her head or tail, and,
when standing or just coming to the nest, her movements were so con-
tinuous and violent as to defy the speed of the camera shutter. I made,
on different days, six negatives of her as she was about to step on the
nest and every one shows the jerky movement of either the head or tail,
even though some of them were made in one five hundredeth part of a
second.
Several times the male bird came up to the edge of the pines and
conversed with her in low “‘pipings,’’ but he never came to the nest,
and I do not think that he ever sat upon the eggs; at least, the bird that
I always saw seemed to be the same one.
One morning I found but two small pieces of egg shell beside the
nest; the little ones were following their mother in the cornfield, but I
never saw them before they were able to fly. When hatched they are
Young Sandpipers are hatched covered with down and follow their parents about within a few
_ hours after leaving the egg.
AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY. 289
covered with gray and white down, and marked with several narrow
black stripes, one being through the eye; they leave the nest within an
hour or two after coming from the egg, and follow their parents, pick-
ing up the food that they show them.
When their flight feathers have fully grown, their upper parts are
clothed much the same as their parents, but without the black shaft
lines to the feathers, and they are entirely white below. When they
return the next spring they all, males and females, have spotted
breasts.
Cae Ae Re END.
THE
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BY
HARRX W DVAN
KOS ANGELES
CALIF.
Spreading a wing expanse of from nine to eleven feet, with a body
of the weight of a swan upborne between these Roc-like pinions, living
all its life in the most inaccessible portion of the westernmost ranges
of the New World, there is every reason that the eyes of ornithologists
the world over should turn with marked interest to the life and habits
of the California Condor. Fifty years and less ago these giant birds
were comparatively plentiful among the hills and vales of the lower
slopes of the Pacific coast where roamed countless heids of cattle, and
where the vaqueros realized the value ot the vultures as scavengers
and so seldom molested then as they did the eagles and other pred-
atory birds, at that time even more plentiful than the condors. But
half a century agone is not today, and the most one can hope to have,
even after a long residence among the higher mountains of the west-
land is an occasional glimpse of one of these birds as he perches on
the stub of a dead pine back among the highest hills or a distant view
of one more bold than the rest as he feeds on some bit of carrion sur-
rounded by a band of turkey vultures that seem dwarfed beside this
monster of the upper air.
290 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
Time was when the range of the condor extended from the Colum-
bia River southward, possibly into Lower California; now they are
seldom if ever found north of Mt. Shasta nor south of the Mexican
line. Along the eastern side of the great San Joaquin and Sacramen-
to valleys, in the heart of the cliffs and crags of the high sierras that
line both of these valleys, running back almost to the boundary line of
the state is the center of abundance of these birds. From out these
hills the big birds can come down into the lowlands where there are
yet quite a few cattle and sheep, and, mingling with the lesser birds of
prey, pass practically unnoticed by the average person. On the desert
side of the mountains there is little for them to get in the way of food,
and, though I have seen several of the big birds on the coast side, I
never saw one on either the Mojave or the Colorado deserts in a stay
of several months in each. A hundred miles, more or less, is of little
count to birds of the wing power of these and they frequently cover
great distances in the search for food, yet they are much addicted to
the use of one cliff for a roosting place at night and one cave for a
home wherein to rear their solitary young. They never band together
as do the turkey vultures, notwithstanding reports to the contrary oc-
casionally given out by old hunters and prospectors who would not
know a condor from a golden eagle in a crowd. In fact, so far as I
have been able to learn in several years past, there are not enough
condors in the entire state of California to make a respectable band
should they all get together at once. I do not mean by this that the
condor is on the rapid road to extinction for they have learned the
lesson which the Great Auk was unable to grasp and have moved out
of man’s way before it is forever too late. The gradual disappearance
of the California Vulture from the haunts that once knew it so well has
always been something of a puzzle to me; of all birds it had the least
to fear from man, being gifted with acute senses of smell and sight to
warn it of danger and powerful wings to bear it to safety when that
danger became real. The auk that once filled Funk Island with its
cries could not escape, the Labrador Duck passed into oblivion prob-
ably before men had become abundant enough on this continent to
notice it as different from other ducks, but why did the Condor go?
In Ventura and Los Angeles and Orange and San Diego counties
there are yet a féw, very few, condors, and they are but rarely to be
seen. The two homes of the bird that I have had the pleasure of
visiting were in Orange and Los Angeles counties; both were very
much alike in point of general situation and both were found by the
previous knowledge that the birds inhabited a certain canyon which
was followed up until it ended in the cliff wherein was situated the cave
AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY. 291
containing the egg. There are few cliffs in southern California con-
taining caves such as are found in the northern sierras, and I have
heard of an egg of this vulture which was taken from a small hole in
the sloping side of one of the low hills known as the Santa Monica
mountains in Los Angeles county. The party who found this egg
walked to the nest hole without any trouble, the only instance of the kind
of which I ever heard and one probably unparalleled since ornitholo-
gists have been especially interested in the California birds. The nests
which I visited were both in such inaccessible cliffs that at first I des-
paired of ever reaching them and in fact, would not have succeeded at
all but for the help of the men who went with me and some hundred
and fifty feet of good Manila hemp. In general the birds seemed to
care little about “‘the stranger within their gates,’’ and we were in no
danger from them, notwithstanding their great size, at any time. Each
nest contained one egg and the old tale hereinafter quoted is probably
no more reliable than the usual run of bird observations made by the
average sightseer. The egg is of the size of a swan’s egg, pea-green
in color and pitted over the entire surface like the egg of an ostrich.
When compared with a turkey “buzzard’s’’ egg it appears much larger
though nothing near so large as it has been made out by many news-
paper and other stories. It seems about the size of two of the lesser
vulture’s eggs welded into one and is not nearly so pretty an egg, save
from a commercial standpoint, as that of the latter.
In Cooper’s work on the land birds of California the author quotes
Douglas’s remarks as given by Audubon as follows:
“Food, carrion, dead fish or other dead animal matter. In no in-
stance will they attack any living animal unless wounded and unable
to walk. Their senses of smelling and seeing are very acute. In
searching for prey they soar to a very great altitude, and when they
discover a wounded deer or other animal they follow its track, and
when it sinks precipitately descend on their object. Although only one
is seen at first occupying the carcass, few minutes elapse before the
prey is surrounded by great numbers, and it is then devoured to a
skeleton within an hour, even though it be one of the larger animals,
as the elk or horse. Their voracity is almost insatiable and they are
extremely ungenerous, suffering no other animal to approach them
while feeding. Except after eating, or while protecting their nest,
they are so excessively wary that the hunter can scarcely approach
sufficiently near even for buckshot to take effect upon them, the full-
ness of their plumage affording them a double chance of escaping un-
injured. Their flight is slow, steady and particularly graceful; gliding
along with scarcely any apparent motion of the wings, the tips of which
are curved upwards in flying.”
Much of this is of course untrustworthy in the light of later and
more accurate observations but it is valuable in the way of showing
what was known of one of America’s rarest birds in the great natural-
ist’s time. Further on Dr. Cooper (whose work, by the way, is in-
valuable to the California bird student) quotes a Mr. Taylor in Hutch-
292 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
ings’s California Magazine of the issue of 1859 as saying that they lay
their single egg in a hollow tree, though he admits that there is a wide
divergence in the reports of those who have paid attention to the nid-
ification of this bird. Some six or seven pages of interesting matter
concerning this great vulture is given by Dr. Cooper in his work as
well as some excellent cuts, but much of the experience in the way of
nest finding and the habits of the birds is widely different from mine
on the same subject.
THE ROBIN AND THE READY-BUILT NEST,
It ever was a speculation with me, what a bird would do when con-
fronted with an unexpected affair, where something akin to reasoning
would be necessary, and a choice would have to be made to solve the
matter, though I am sure they gain skill in nest making, from what I
have noted in the buildings constructed from year to year by the colo-
ny of Orioles, that for a decade have nest in the big elm by the house,
and the nests each year added to my nest collection, for they have
shown all grades from a most crude affair, to a most elaborate one
built entirely out of long horse hairs, in which the highest type of
skill in felting the hair was exhibited. The incident I started to tell of
happened in May of this year. I have a wren box fastened to the
carriage house on the side near the gable peak. I noticed that a robin
had just commenced to carry mud and grass and was starting to build
on its flat top. Knowing where there was a perfect last years robin’s
nest I quickly brought it, put a plaster of mud on the box, and placed
the nest down into it, and was gone ladder and all, before the bird re-
tnrned, with her next load of building material. "The outcome was in-
teresting. The bird sailed up and just as she reached the nest, she
stopped in her flight, hovered about the nest, and finally settled on the
edge dropping her material; she inspected the nest, got down into it,
tried the “‘fit’”’ in every way, then flew away, quickly came back with
her mate, and for an hour continued to examine the nest, try it, bring
mud and put on the edge, again try its proportions, chirp and wonder
if she had really built the nest and had forgotten it, and how it came
about any way. The next day I saw nothing of the robins and had
concluded that my help had been discarded, but the third day, the bird
brought fine grass, lined up the nest and in due time put four eggs
into it, and hatched her brood and brought them off without incident or
loss, and yesterday I saw her again fixing up the nest with the evident
intention of bringing off another brood, no doubt thinking it was the
cheapest summer home she ever domiciled in, and is perhaps wonder-
ing if robins have reached a period, when ready made homes are to be
provided for them on their arrival from the Gulf swamps.
JOHN GOULD.
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 293
OUR ILLINOIS SCREECH OWLS,
By Isaac E. Hess, Philo, Ill.
As if resenting the prying eyes of the seeker of bird secrets, several
of our most interesting birds are of nocturnal habits. Appearing only
at dusk, they reverse in practice the old adage presented to precocious
children, that they ‘““should be seen and not heard.’’ It meets not with
their approval and since the day their kind were liberated from the
ancient ark they have persistently followed their own ideas of proper
manners. It is theirs to be heard and not seen.
Included in the list of the lovers of darkness is the little Screech Owl
(magascops asio). Unless roughly routed from his hiding place he is
never seen in the glare of the noon day sun. In reality a woodland
bird, he is quite as much at home in the old apple orchards and maple
groves on the farm. And, oddly enough for a timber represenative, he
is not averse to living a city life.
In most of our smaller cities and towns the Screech Owlis acommon
and constant resident. Taking possession of deserted Woodpecker ex-
cavations in the maple stubs, they rear their young as contentedly and
securely as do their brethren in the depths of the forest.
Although seldom seen, little megascops is instantly recognized,
especially by the children, and is a marked favorite. It would seem
unnatural not to be interested in a bird possessing so many originalities
in his make-up.
One of his interesting personalities is his all-the-year-round song.
How aften a sweet bird song is not properly appreciated because in the
season of bird melodies, the singer is outclassed by superior perform-
ers. In this the wise little Owl verifies his claim to wisdom. He re-
serves his best efforts for the long wintry nights when our real songsters
are leagues away. Then he plays his part in the “choir invisible’ and
is satisfied in knowing that his weird tremulous whistle will be heard
and appreciated.
The Screech Owl is not gregarious in habit and you will seldom find
more than a single pair in an immediate vicinity. This would seem
sufficient cause for associating with him, a quarrelsome disposition, but
I would much rather attribute this habit of seclusion to an instinct of
self-preservation. Owing to the nature and limitation to his food, he
must of necessity provide his own particular foraging grounds. Nature
does not always yield him an abundant harvest and as the condition of
his larder must depend entirely upon his own resources with an element
of chance to be considered, I am afraid megascops mnst often go hun-
gry. He is very particular as to fresh meat for his diet and English
Sparrows are delicate morsels under his tongue. For this we love him.
294 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
Field mice and small birds form the principal part of his food, though
occasionally he is known to enter the chicken-house after darkness has
fallen and tear the throats of nice fat hens. Of course depredations of
this nature are resorted to, only when he is desperately hungry.
He is held in special contempt by his feathered neighbors and when
‘ For he is a pleasing bird with his great intelligent eyes of almost human expression.”
AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY. 295
ruthlessly driven from his hiding place, in the depths of a hollow tree,
his life is made a burden. His appearance in public is a signal for a
disturbance, and bird society is immediately in a high state of excite
ment. Blue Jays congregate in flocks and Sparrows in armies for the
sole purpose of making life miserable for one poor little Screech Owl.
They dash at him viciously, flinging in his ears their choicest epithets.
You listen to a veritable bedlam of chirps, chatters and angry vitupera-
tions, but you notice the attacking forces are careful not to approach
within striking distance of the sharp claws and snapping beak of little
megascops. While in no particular danger of bodily harm, his feelings
are ruffled and he disgustedly but slowly wings his way back to his hid-
place. There he stops through the day, blinking his big innocent eyes
and rehearsing his real and fancied wrongs.
When dusk has fairly fallen, back he goes to the scene of his morn-
ings discomfiture. Huddled in rows on a limb of a pine tree and
soundly asleep, are his tormentors. Does he remember his late per-
secutions, or is it but a feeling of hunger that prompts his actions? In
noiseless flight he singles his victim. A flutter of tiny wings—a slight
chirp—the sound of a small skull crushing and we may record one of
the daily tragedies of bird life. Megascops is avenged.
The call of the Screech Owl seldom varies and may be successfully
imitated by a good whistler. The only variations I have heard were
from a captured female which I had separated from her mate. When
placed in a cage she uttered such mournful heart-broken cries, accom-
panied by actions human-like in her distress, that I had not the heart
to keep her longer and returned her to the old home in a maple stub.
The callis heard only after nightfall (except on dark winter days) and
is usually answered by another near by. It is this call that has caused
the little Owl to be associated in stories from time immemorial with
hobgoblins, ghosts and grave yards. While there is nothing irritating
in the sound, there is a mournful something about it that is apt to give
one the shivers.
Surely it cannot be his appearance that has given him such unwhole-
some names as he is forced to bear, for he is a pleasing bird with his
ereat intelligent eyes of almost human expression. And there is
nothing in his neat general outline or soft-tinted plumage suggestive
of a reason for his being called a ‘‘bird of ill omen.”’
The plumage of the Screech Owl furnishes one of the unsolved
puzzles of Ornithology. It appears in two distinct phases and no color
rule will determine the sex of this bird. In this particular locality I
have found the browns and grays equally divided, the slight preponder-
ance being in favor of the browns. Of twenty-nine mated pairs noted
296 AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY.
in the three last seasons, eighteen pairs were of the opposite colorings.
Of the remaining eleven pairs, seven were of the brown and four of the
gray phase. I took no notes of Owls seen singly or young Owls.
The male and female are very much attached to each other and re-
main mated during the entire year. They feed and sleep in the same
“A slight contraction of the claws is sometimes noticed, which is rather uncomfortable for the to
disturber’s fingers.”
a atc
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 20h
hollow-tree apartment and during the long ardous task of incubation,
the male is a constant aud faithful companion of his little mate. Little
mother megascops is of meek disposition when called upon at her resi-
dence. She makes no disturbance and offers little resistence when lifted
from the nest. A slight contraction of the claws is sometimes noticed,
which is rather uncomfortable for the disturber’s fingers.
It is very effective in bringing out the hostess, however, for upon a
quick withdrawal of the arm, megascop comes with it.
The nests are placed in natural cavities of trees or in old excavations
hewn out by Woodpeckers. The material used I have never been able
to identify other than trash. A cozy retreat at the time the eggs are
dsposited, it is rather an untidy place at the completion of incubation,
and becomes very filthy before the young are able to leave the nest.
The nests are seldom far from the ground, generally ranging from
five to fifteen feet. The entrance of one nest noted was only two feet
above the ground, and the heart of the tree being hollow, the eggs
were necessarily resting upon the ground.
An occupied home, especially when the small entrance of a Flicker’s
excavation is chosen, may nearly always be determined by the fuzzy
feathers loosened from the Owl in its passage, sticking to the sides of
the entrance. Occasionolly when both Owls are home, the male may
be reluctantly flushed by tapping on the tree, but a setting female will
seldom leave unless pulled out.
From four to six white eggs—globular and very large in proportion
to the size of the Owl—are deposited and incubation begins from the
day of the first egg.
In nearly all cases one or two eggs prove infertile, probably owing
to the damp surroundings and foul conditions of the nest.
A family of young Owls out for an airing and lined up in a row is a
common and interesting sight. They soon learn their most important
lesson—that of eating Owl fashion—and their first attempts to bolt
their food whole while balancing their unsteady bodies on a small limb,
are comical performances.
Birds, with mice and other small rodents, while not swallowed in
their entirety, disappear with surprising rapidify. All fur, fine feathers,
small bones and other indigestible portions swallowed are expelled
from the mouth in the form of small pellets.
The Screech Owl is instrumental in keeping down the numbers of
prolific small animals generally termed nuisances, and is thereby a val-
uable auxiliary to the farmer. Altogether he is a very useful bird and
should be encouraged and protected.
{Reprinted from the Chicago Record-Herald.] Philo, Illinois.
298 AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY.
AN AFTERNOON WITH THE BIRDS,
By O. WARREN SMITH.
It was nearly two o’clock when I left the house with bird-glass, note
book and pencil, so I ‘““made tracks” for the woods stopping only long
enough to admire that well known and much admired inhabitant of our
meadows, the Bobolink. How sweet his song. He sings as though
he enjoyed singing. As he mounts upward he seems beating time
with his wings. I could have listened and admired all the afternoon
but the distant trees invited me, so I hastened on.
As I entered the wood I could not help being impressed by the
abundant flowers. Columbine, crane’s bill, butter cups, phlox, shep-
herd’s purse, and others, pressed me upon all sides. But I was not
out after flowers and a low “‘Uoli-a-e-o-li-noli-noe-aeolee-lee!’’ from a
nearby thicket of willows caused me to forget the flowers. I knew the
bird by his song even before I saw him. No wonder Nuttall calls the
Wood Thrush the “solitary and retiring songster.’’ I must have hunted
all of twenty minutes before I discovered the little brown bird, and
when I did discover him he sat upon a limb right before me. Often
have I looked all over a tree for some feathered songster only to find
him, in the end, within a few feet of me and in plain sight too. But
fortune favored me. I discovered the half completed nest of my
friend in a near by willow. I sat down upon a moss covered log to
watca. The birds seemed to know that I was harmless and went on
with their house building. Birch bark seemed to be the favorite build-
ing material, and it was wonderful to see a bird flying to the nest with
a piece of bark larger than itself. Standing upon the edge of the nest
the bird would tear the bark into long narrow strips, using its feet to
hold the bark while it tore it with its bill.
While I sat watching the Wood Thrush a new note came to me from
a nearby poplar grove. Marking the nest so that I could find it again
I followed the new voice. I cautiously advanced until the music was
above me, then peered into the trembling leaves. A branch, bent aside
by the wind, revealed for an instant a bit of scarlet. “A Tanager,” I
exclaimed under my breath. Changing my position so that I could
get a good view of the bird I leveled the glasses and proceeded to ex-
amine it. My find” proved to be the Summer Tanager, or Red-bird.
The first, by the way, Il ever saw. Perched high up on a swaying
branch, the bright scarlet of its feathers showing well against the sil-
very green of the poplar, it was a sight to remember. Its song re-
minded me of the Oriole, but was sweeter and richer. Perhaps the
bird saw me, or perhaps its mate demanded attention, anyway it lew—
a flash of color, and was gone.
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 299
The drumming of a Grouse next attracted my attention. From
early boyhood I have longed to see a Grouse drum. I have crawied
through swamps upon my hands and knees. I have concealed myself
near a drumming log.’’ In fact I have done everything but I never
have been able to surprise the Grouse drumming. Upon the day in
question I saw the bird upon the log, but unfortunately he saw me at
the same time and stepped down and walked away. Not in haste, oh,
no, there was no unseemingly haste, but slowly and with dignity.
If any of the readers of American Ornithology, have seen Grouse in
the act of drumming their stories would be interesting. I for one,
would like to know how they succeeded.
The declining sun warned me that it was time to turn my steps
homeward so I left the woods.
Just before I reached the road I noticed a bird upon a limb of a tree,
which I took for a Whip-poor-will, but upon closer examination I
thought it was a Night-hawk. Unable to decide I threw a stick and
drove it from its perch. Flying, two white spots were observable
upon its wings, so I knew it for the latter.
So ended a very pleasant afternoon.
A FAMILY OF CHICKADEES.
By A. C. DIKE.
To all who have become interested in the feathered residents about
their homes, nothing seems to afford greater pleasure and more inter-
esting experiences than experiments with them that show the amount
of confidence which they sometimes manifest in man. Considerable
has been written during the past few years concerning the methods of
attracting the more familiar species of birds to our homes and those
who have intelligently undertaken this work have met with very grati-
fying results. Occasionally individuals of certain species such as the
Chipping Sparrow, Bluebird, Robin, Nuthatch and Chickadee, have be-
come so confiding in man as to approach very near or even alight upon
his hand.
In taming the birds about our homes it is necessary that we do only
those things that assure them and make them feel that we are their
friends. Among such acts by which we are able to give this assurance
the proffer of food is the most effective. The saying that the “‘only
way to a bird’s heart is thru his crop,’’ is a fact that has been verified
by every one who has attempted the taming of wild birds. Another
fact which should be borne in mind in taming a bird, is, that itisa
300 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
timid, defenseless creature whose life for ages has depended chiefly
upon ability to fly. Surrounded by enemies a bird naturally interprets
any quick movements as a hostile act. Any careless or hostile act may
make the bird, which would otherwise seek us, ‘‘wild’’ for life. There-
fore, in taming birds two things are absolutely necessary. First, we
must offer them tempting food. Second, we must approach them ina
careful and apparently unconcerned manner. Do not hastily pursue
them or make quick movements with the hands or arms. When you
seek to tame a bird first encourage it, if possible, by offering food, to
frequent some place which may be easily approached and then visit the
place alone and as quietly as possible until you are able to offer it food
from your hand. By thus approaching a bird you offer the best in-
ducements for gaining its confidence.
But all birds can not be tamed. Only certain individuals of a few
species have been known to alight upon and take food from the hand.
Such birds can only be found by careful experiment and much patience.
During‘the month of October 1903, I noticed that a family of three
Chickadees came several times each day to inspect the fruit trees about
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 301
my home for food. They were usually seen together and I soon learn-
ed that I could approach very near to them. They seemed to be more
confiding in me each day and would come and alight upon the veranda
posts and window frames. I fastened some small sun flowers to the
posts of the veranda until they became accustomed to coming there
frequently for food. They soon showed no fear and would alight very
near me. One morning as I was bringing them their usual supply of
seeds one of them met me and with apparently no fear or hesitation
alighted upon my hand, took a seed and flew away. I remained as
quiet as possible and he came to my hand several times for seeds. It
was interesting to watch him perch upon my finger, snatch a seed from
my hand and fly to a branch near by where he would hold it beneath
his toes and hammer it with his little bill, Blue Jay fashion, until he
could get the meat. I soon made arrangements for photographing
these birds. When the necessary arrangements had been made I re-
moved the sun flower seeds from the places in which they had been
accustomed to find them and seated myself near by holding some of
the seeds in my hand. At first they flew around me apparently some-
what disappointed from finding the seeds removed. Finally one came
quite near to me and soon alighted upon my cap. He soon left my
302 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
cap and flew to my knee where he immediately began searching for
seeds as he climbed toward my hands turning his head and looking at
me with an inquiring expression in his bright little eyes and seeming
to say, Where are those Seeds?
While each of the three Chickadees were quite tame only one of
them could be depended upon to alight upon the hand. The other two
have taken food from my hand occasionally when prevented by incle-
ment weather from obtaining their natural food. The tamest one of
these birds comes quite regularly each day to the window and calis to
me with a series of chick-a-dees, liquid gurgles, and strange chuck-
ling notes until I bring him food, when he will come to my hand as
soon as I open the door. Once after eating from a piece of suet
which I held in my hand he flew to a branch near by, when I placed the
meat in my pocket and held out my empty hand to him. He soon
perched upon it and evidently taking my finger for a piece of suet he
hammered it with his sharp little bill until he nearly drew blood. I en-
dured the treatment until I felt that I had been sufficiently punished
for deceiving the little fellow when much to his disappointment I care-
fully withdrew my hand. He seems to recognize me wherever we
meet about my home and usually when not far away he will come to
me when I imitate his Ahoe-be call to which he often replies.
SOME MID-WINTER GLIMPSES OF NATURE FROM MY KITCHEN
WINDOWS.
For several years I have been interested in watching the birds about
my home, learning the names, songs and habits of some of them.
During the severe winter of 1904, when the food supply of the birds
was cut off by snow and ice, I began putting out scraps of meat, bones
and crumbs from the table. Just back of the house, stood a barrel,
nearly filled with snow and ice, into which I put bones of all kinds.
Watching from my kitchen window I soon saw a blue-jay come and
begin to feast on the good things he had found. After awhile other
jays came, but number one would never allow them in the barrel with
himself. They had to be content to perch on a bush near by and watch
with curious eyes until number one flew away when another would
seize the opportunity to get a taste.
I became quite attached to them, for they are handsome fellows in
spite of their bad habits and harsh voices.
Their voices are not always harsh however, for the peculiar whistle
they sometimes make is quite melodious. I saw one in the act of
whistling one day as he stood perched on the edge of my barrel, and
was surprised to see him make a bow when he whistled, while he held
his head up when he screamed. After this I watched to see if it was
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY. 303
always the same, and found that he always made amost polite bow
when he whistled.
The jays were not the only visitors to my barrel, for a number of
chickadees found it too. After these dear little fellows came I tied
pieces of suet to some low bushes near by so as to even things up
better. These pieces of meat disappeared so fast, that I mistrusted
robbers were about, and watched from my window for the thief.
It proved to be a red squirrel, who very easily cut the twine with his
sharp teeth and carried the meat away, sometimes to an old woodshed,
and again to a tall pine tree.
One day he attempted to climb a steep bank covered with snow, and
dropped his prize, which rolled to the bottom and was buried in the
snow. Perhaps Mr. Squirrel was as hungry as the birds but 1 thought
him too piggish and was quite glad to see the meat slip away from him.
After this I used wire in place of the twine so Mr. Squirrel found it
difficult to get large pieces. The chickadees became so tame that they
would stay quite close to my hand while I tied the meat to the tree.
One morning I saw one of these jaunty little birds on my back walk.
He looked up so bright in spite of the cold, and with his head cocked
on one side said in a very emphatic way, chick-a-dee-dee, as if he were
bidding me good morning. I felt happier all day for his morning
greeting.
Very close to one of my kitchen windows is a large white oak; to the
trunk of this tree I nailed pieces of fat meat and every day just at noon
a chickadee came for his dinner.
I threw crumbs on the ground under the tree and looking out one
day I saw a large gray squirrel, sitting as squirrels do, eating johnny-
cake. About two feet away a beautiful downy woodpecker in his black
and white coat and red cap was eating the same kind of food. Icrossed
the room and saw from the other window a hairy woodpecker on a tree
near by. The brown creepers frequented the trees in my yard but I
never saw one eat any of the food I put out.
The white-breasted nuthatches are great favorites of mine, and I
never fail to stop my work and watch them when the opportunity
offers.
Having read that these birds always feed with the head down, I was
interested to see what would happen when one started up the oak with
a crumb of bread in his bill.
Sure enough he had to stand on his head before he could take even a
bite, and then he did another queer thing. Instead of eating the bread
all up he hid it in one of the crevices of the rough bark, poking it way
in out of sight with his sharp bill, then he flew away. I watched to
see if he would come back for the crumb. In a little while back he
flew, and going directly to the hiding place, pulled out the crumb, and
flew to another tree. I was unable to see from my windows whether
he hid it again or not. MABEL W. EATON.
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
304
“TOTAL
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[UOT{MedTIOD ENGT *Z SSBID ‘OZILgq PUZ JO TOUUT AA |
“STMO HOAHAADS ODNNOA
AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY. 305
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ADDRESS ALL COMMUNICATIONS TO
MEG MERRYTHOUGHT
156 WATERVILLE ST., WATERBURY, CT.
My Drar YouNG FOLKS:
How many of you have been coaxing the Chickadees this winter, and
gotten them to come at your call to feast upon raw peanuts? Hold up
your hands.
I had such a delightful visit with a tiny king with a golden crown the
other morning, he was a beauty, and he knew it and seemed to try to
convince me of it too. As his golden crown shone in the sunlight, I
was reminded of a bird which I saw last summer who also bore upon
his crown a circle of gold. He sat placidly eating the wooly worms
contained in the silken tent which was spread among the branches of
a wild cherry tree, but a few yards from where I sat. The back of the
bird was of irridescent olive greys burnished with brown, his belly was
of the softest white, his bill long, powerful and slightly curved, his
tail was long, and his brown eyes looked as if they had been fastened
in with buttonhole stitch. Can you tell me his name?
As he turned his head I had many good views of a bright yellow spot
upon his crown about a quarter of an inch in diameter. I have never
noticed this feather in any other Cuckoo, nor have I seen it mentioned
by a writer on birds. Was this a king of his tribe, or is this a common
mark of these birds? Have any of our boys or girls seen a golden-
crowned Cuckoo ? If so please report to
Your Friend,
MEG MERRYTHOUGHT.
306 AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY.
ROLL OF HONOR.
Carl Dowell, Port Richmond, N. J.
Huldah Chace Smith, Providence, R. I.
MAIL BAG EXTRACTS.
SOME YOUNG OWLS.
One day my cousin found a baby Owl on the ground and put it in a
hollow apple tree. When I went to see the little owl, I found a com-
panion had joined it; two white fluffy baby owls lay side by side in
their new nest, fast asleep.
The next day [ attempted to photograph them, but they were too
young to stand without help. At the same time I found a third baby
owl upon the ground a hundred feet from the tree. This owl was
stronger than the others and could stand alone. A few days later the
three owls could stand without help for a few moments, so I succeeded
in getting some good photographs of them.
One night I thought it would be interesting to see the little owls
being fed, so I stood near the tree; but I did not stay there long, for
one of the old owls flew silently from behind me and struck me in the
head.
A few days later a fourth owl was found on a tree and I placed it
with the others. The next night the poor little owls were stolen and
probably all died in captivity.
I found a fifth owl the next night and had the pleasant experience of
feeding it. I pulled some feathers out of a pillow and wrapped them
around small pieces of meat, which the bird took from my fingers.
SAMUEL DOWSE ROBBINS,
Belmont, Mass.
THE CATBIRD.
The Catbird is a bluish gray bird with long tail feathers, and a long
bill.
He is a fine singer when he wishes to be. I have listened to him for
half an hour singing all the other birds songs. The nests are made of
sticks, paper and perforated leaves, lined with fine roots. The eggs
are a greenish blue. The young have very short tails. I have got
within a foot of a young catbird.
MARJORIE INMAN,
Worcester, Mass.
AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY. 307
ANSWERS TO NOVEMBER PUZZLES.
. uckoo.
aven.
. lbatross.
. oddy.
. agile.
BAe AO
DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVES,
Purple Martin.
Demure Cedar Waxwing.
Brilliant Scarlet Tanager.
Preaching Red-eyed Vireo.
Lazy Cowbird.
Social Chipping Sparrow.
Cheery Confiding Chickadee.
Pensive Pewee.
Saucy Blue Jay.
Pestiferous English Sparrow.
ROBIN'’S DESCRIPTION,
Head, sides of throat and tail.
Center of throat.
Upper parts.
4 and 5. Underparts except lower abdomen, and under tail coverts
which are white.
6. Ten to eleven inches.
7. Entire plumage of female is lighter.
8. Nestlings streaked above with buff, and heavily spotted above
and below with black.
9. In North America east of Rocky Mts. the Western Robin is found
west of the Mountains.
10. Coarse grass; leaves and roots, plastered with mud.
11. 3to5 eggs light greenish blue.
U2. Meno oS.
IS eEnes OF many, SORtS.
14. Beetles, flies, grasshoppers, crickets, moths, etc.
Ow
308 AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY
NUMERICAL ENIGMA,
One day 9-10-1 looked up the 13-6-5-4-2-6 and saw a 1-10-10-5 feeding
on the 6-7-9-8-4-5 grass by the roadside, 6-7-9 minutes later it bounded
away out of sight. 9-10-1 told 6-7-8 what he had 13-4-7-9 but 6-7-8
smiled, and 13-9-7-7-5-2-1 at his story, 7-5-7 night. 6-7-8 also saw the
1-10-10-5 and he did not 5-4-3-12 until he had asked 9-10-1-3 pardon for
doubting his word. He gave him two 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8 9-10-11-12-13
which he found hanging on a 6-5-4-2 by his house.
WHAT BIRD IS THIS?
We come to you in a time of cold, floating down in great flocks as if
we came from the snow clouds. Our plumage at this season, is of the
softest browns and whites. Our outer tail feathers are white, our
wings are banded with white. We wear chestnut necklaces across our
white bosoms, and have buffy crowns and sides. We resemble fluffy
chickens as we wa/k about on the ground.
GLEANINGS.
THE KITTIWAKES.
Like white feathers blown about the rocks,
Like soft snowflakes wavering in the air,
Wheel the Kittiwakes in scattered flocks,
Crying, floating, fluttering everywhere.
Shapes of snow and cloud, they soar and whirl,
Downy breasts that shine like lilies white;
Delicate vaporous tints of gray and pearl,
Laid upon their arching wings so white.
CELIA THAXTER.
AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY. 309
INDEX
EMMMCNCAMES OMBSEET SH cos earch | Ja ae lareiev sie” 1 2 \ecouiGvmiares 1 wMUaereie ecole 196
An Afternoon with the Birds . iawn BA tn he .+ - 298
Bird Chats, Our Young mrcade ees
Sig agode . 24, 46, 72, 9 152, 149, 178, 208, 227, 251, 275, 299
Bird, Agiatic Alp autilomasestietorer mee Mee cise thiattee wh alate: Pegs: Vis Gum ARM n OE eat 190
= Day, One. - aati: BAD ate ses its i ee sausage os
Poe eas 6o.08 Siete Mam Were Tce aes 131
“JLRS ita NS DimeSs oo a eee Bae eee we ahs 269
“Notes, Some Strange. pry. 3 me Ne Maa 118
~ Notes, Maine... Sh aetna ee Mean ee ag ae eR SALE 209
Bird, Trap, A Municipal ... BE es Gl eared re Ay ha eee 53
REMUS eNees ch sara: Rea eee nena ae 115
Birds, New Year with the... ee LRM veal iat Soarge
eee Our Stimmens 4. ae Ut a MiSs ane SOG
ma caicwe What thes... lial: Aan meet Bes ee
Bittern, Cory Least.. eae es beer aebar Aiea ee ae a
e IGeasteme rants ex wien. thee iQue Te Bee ees ae ee 50 IO
iz Punkatunt the ..... espe Re ae Ue eae. oar 248
7 MRNA ature ata oy senesualees Wee Aas lay)
a The Pumping of the.... test Chaya Fe 249
webinde Arbre Stony OF a.e.e 0 9) 2 eases ae eee Se 160
ic Miner Comincuot thes ll see Ne 5003 56 5 0B
Chickadee. ater io k So aed Sten ines Die. Lg)
Be ails widow a) oaks o'd0.8 oc 80 26016 on - 240
Cowbird, Taming of a young sees oe ee raolyete . -173
Crowacicaitseece. Lennon ols ai Batre BPR) onde as? 8 meek
Dove, The Mourning Beene sei cerns eure cre lee
Drummer Boy, A. Aoenene Woes Sia Beals aes 6 5L
Feathered Friends, Our.-..-.. oan eit i ee Smee 36
Flicker, The Daughterless ..... spon ud oo08 so oo IG
Goatsuckers, North American ...-. 5406 ae ZOOS
Guillemot, Black vee 5960 oo D0 3.5106 7,
ING een, earners a pe hh eras Me ons ei aeveye, cilley,
PGSON 5 conned Shales eae Se mnelly/}
Hawks, Sparrow (Tom Dick me eee ae ee sooo dl}
eeNest Avast tora Red-tailedmacs a j Beene ck 127
Heron, Black-crowned Night. .----- 580006 meeeo
Horned Lark, The ee Ge es S865 % Saki 195
Etiam nate bird) The. . Ott ee wee ee ee 2 O7
co. ee eye eda praia UNM 100
310 AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY.
lettbaoponsbayeloybeelSo 5506 | boone
Interesting Family, An....
Killdeer aI
IkGbaeA OC) 5 oc a0
Martins, Our Purple arte
“i Return, The Purple ..
Meadow, In the
Memories....
Missouri, A Letter ee
Natural History Camp--
Nest in the Meadow, The
Nesting Site, An Unlucky
Nest, A Song from the
Nests, Some Curious
Nighthawk
Osprey’s Nest, An
Owl, Barn --.--
“ Sereech
Ouetzel The Montezuma
Robins, Notes on a family of
Sandpiper, Spotted..-.--
Song at Eventide, A
Strange Visitor, A .
The Jungles. (Santowae Cee.
Tufted Titmouse
Turnstone
(a3
opie elven ie) je) = i pe. .0) Ke hei /e) ye
eplethelieije tere fm! MOPS Sahel eh ene; ‘e
eececeos
ey laiiejieXeue7), - = he ee mencey ce)
ee ce ee
ee: enveieye - !) Yip melrene) jeje
Ruddy
Black - -
Vulture, Calif
War olen, Baybreasted: -
Mca
Blackpoll. -
LBIE\o ie ae coe
i Green
C6
‘ete: fenerene:) —-' fe | Svelier lee} leire,
Cerulean --.- =
Chestnut-sided-- --
Connecticut
‘ Golden-cheeked -- -
Grace
Hermit-.---
Kentucky
Macgillivray
eee
ZA
See,
41
Seo)
is
5p kis)
28
112
162
o 00 DEG
60-0 IS7/
ZALd
--270
235
243
ec ee ee
ee ee ee
cc ee ee es
ec ee ee
cc se ee
AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY.
‘Nar olles, Magnolia: -
vcs”
- Nashville .....-.
_ Sycamore
. Nownsend------.
Fs Yellowthroat, Cages
. - Florida.
i es ere 500d 08
c ss Northern
* Se Pacific
2 oe RioGrande
a Salt Marsh
a . Western -.--
ig Yellowthroated --.-
Water Ouzel - 5600
When Elm Buds Open .
Where do the Little Birds Go
Winter Birds seen from a Window
Whip-poor-will-.- - -: a
Woodpecker, Ivory-billed ------
Alter Ego Be Mee wesre eval une wee ire aire tats
A Merry Brown Renee EWS Sea Sein cei sucltene
My Choice- Pe coue M ep rege me eaaber Wallan Ee atevop to vies
Mother ates Ss Se lea Smnietee anaes ote kerorons
Mother Robin’s Cares aD od Sarees Se
Our Birds will yet Return gebo000 | oaeddd
Simsetim the Autumn WioodS 99 9 9.---2) yer
The Song Sparrow :---:--- Binh ane MeN Pe rocket
The Great Gray Shrike ------ Soo o6 S000
The Owl Seas ane
Te hae Wrallittir@caocoo- 000000 saocac
imo MM bAdTe as sie ke uate tees lu 1) uo Seeneromnns
ce 6
6
6
oll
312 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
Blackbird, Red-winged (young from life)
a (Entomologist) ......
Bluebird Bal MESSE iro Wes 5. 5 3
Biltebindrandsyormestrom lite meen eer
Brown Thrasher from life ....
soraming Or IN@mjogiel ema asa boo
CGinickadee strony lich as ame
Fs on nest hole from life
and yOuLg ieOia IGE sooo 6 5
ce ce c¢
6
Chuck-wills-widow AN MNS ene a
Cowbird from life BEIM Pe puna es Spo c ot
Cuckoo, Yellow-billed nest and eggs....
Dove, Mourning mest ENG) OBOS sacs ss
c¢ C6 C6
c¢
young from life
Eagle, Golden young
Flicker at nest hole.
“leaving nest. =i eines
Grouse, Ruffed Nest and Bee eee
Guillemot, Blac. leaving nest, from life.
ce
(a3 cc
Seren a ee
‘i Pigeon egg
ie INSSESHo oe srs ste
Hawk, Desert Sparrow from life.--.-- .
SNedstailedwNiestaneearr vee SAG:
se . Begg... 25.2 =.
Heron, Black-crowned night nest and eggs-..--
Hummingbird, Costa, Nest and eggs
- Ruby-throated on nest
Jay, Canada, Nest and Eggs......
i Gaye Sone te ears
Rocky Mountain. - Sa as aNe
Rettide@enreeare BS oe trstasiveciu iv iis Neweueiaakette
SUING Ee ahaveldDystersee gioka), 9) aadeos
Konobird stro nalite ocr so aoe salen
a and young.... Seats oni ieNca tee fescttege
Kigo-.
Nest.and eggs-..--
c¢
ce
6
Nest and eggs
=a Ro rae 5 Ie
Seamer lone , ul Soe
Sp 0008 136-137
Bees ad 14
hoe eS
ae ae 177
“oon 23]
Ne Qatet et at See 18
US os Lae 20
yan. A hee Seal
vanes oe WW
ae He ©
Meee ge ee
Mee Coe ee)
Le 128
229
-- 100
- 200
5202
tees 199- 201
OS SUS ee, cree ee 42
AMERIGAN ORNITHOLOGY. 313
Kingbirds, Young..--.
Kingfishers, Young:.-.--
Nighthawk...
x BGG@ocdode 9 socoes
Osprey, returning to Nest------
a PiG@osccas
Owl, Barn, from life. -
6 6
ce
ce 66
Eggs and young.-.
young.-
egg:---
Owl, Screech
Robin and nest from life-.-.--
Ce c¢
(a9
young from life..-..
and Young...-.-
Sandpiper, Spotted
Shrike, Loggerhead, young
Sparraw, Vesper, Nest and eggs:---
Swallows, Young Bank from life----
Swallow, Tree from life...
Tailor-bird, Nest of.-----
Tern, Common, Nest and eggs
Titmouse on Nest from life-..-
Titmouse Nest and eggs
Turnstone, Ruddy------
66
Vulture
Egg..--
Wanbler: Baybreasted-.
Belding Yellowthroat frontispiece: -
Blackburnian .-..--
c¢
Blackoolllcsss = co vccc
c¢
Egg..--
Black-throated Gray--
Green ---
C¢
66
Cerulean:-----:
Egg.--
Chestnut eed
5 4. DES
Soe OT
aN sere 245
ee eo S24
279, 304
---110
-- 185
.- 38
Sra snes 190-192-193
can oe 148
222
314 AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY
Warbler, Chestnut-sided on nest------ «--.--
Connecticut frontispiece: Arig ile! Nh ahethe eo
. Goldenseheelkedhoncn aac:
a fee Big herrelseess
Hermit: -
eniuey [oe 5000600 spre
WGooos, wasaoo
Macgillivray frontispiece. -
si o IDfGooesoo56 ~— sooo
MIAGIAOIIE, coo660° a caaone
Maryland Yellowthroat, frontispiece. -
6 ce
IDBFooge A baco00
Nest and eggs.----
on Nest..--
Mourning Frontispiece.-- --
ce c¢ cee
Rio Grande, enone frontispiece: -
Sycamore, egg
Townsend.-: -
Yellowthroated...---
Whip-poor-will on nest-
WN -poor-will, Nest and ee
- and Young
Egg AP Rsucie Hoan MRED te Senco SE
Woodpecker, Ivorybill - - eee .
s Red-headed --
Wree’s House ..--.- .
Vulture Nesting Tree. -
c¢ (a9
Nestandieggs.----. 9) =~:
Nest and obese bits Re om Gold 6
5 a GR
PGS
aS
6S
LG?
. 62
233
ZOOM
242
ono DAL
.. 39
-- 163
U7
.. 247
teh Ee
GRAPHOPHONE
IS THE
PRINCE OF ENTERTAINERS
Ii you have not heard one of
the new machines and some of
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conception of the improvement
over the old types. Reproduc-
tions are clear; pure; resonant
and beautiful.
Graphophones range in price from $7.50 to $100
Records from 25cts fo $2 each.
Write for latest catalogues.
Vacation time is approaching.
Why not take one of these de-
lightful ‘‘music machines’’
with you to fill in when it is
rainy; to take out in your
canoe moonlight nights: to
listen to when you are loung-
ing around the cheerful camp
fire after a hard day’s fishing
or hunting trip. The grapho-
phone is always useful and en-
tertaining, but never more so
than when you are a bit home-
sick or lonesome. Better drop
in at one of our stores and see
the machines and listen to
some ofthenewrecords. They
are FINE!!!
COLUMBIA PHONOGRAPH CO.
164 Tremont Street, Boston, Mass.
62 Central Street, Lowell, Mass.
The Flower-lovers.
The only publication giving s}\ «-
ial attention to the curious and «: -
teresting facts about our wild fl». -
The American Botanis:
It is written in untechnical 1. -
guage and is just the thing for th:
who would like to know ab ut
plants without studying bota:. ,
especially good for nature-stu:\
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WILLARD N. CLUTE &
BINGHAMTON, N. Y.
GOe
WOOD and MANDARIN DUCKS
WHITE and BLACK SWANS
PEAFOWLS, Etce., Ete.
Mention AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY and send tour
large illustrated catalogue.
SCHMID’S EMPORIUM OF PETS,
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Guide to Taxidermy
Full of valuable information.
COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS
HOW TO PREPARE AND MOUNT
Birds
Animals
and Fish
Also contains. a cor-
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American Birds, with
prices of their eggs,
skins and mounted
specimens; also an ex-
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recipes, etc. Bound in
cloth, 35c, postpaid.
~ CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Macs
LANTERN SLIDES —
We have listed below as fine a list of slides of birds as have ever been
offered.
Every one of them is photographed directly from life.
50 cents
each, $5.00 per dozen or finely colored, $1.00 each, $10.00 per dozen.
Chippy Family (6 Chipping Spar-
rows).
Preparing Breakfast (6 Chipping
Sparrows.)
Woodcock on Nest.
Nest and Eggs of Woodcock
Three Young Woodcock.
Ruffed Grouse on Nest.
Nest and Eggs of Ruffed Grouse.
House Wren (male).
House Wren (female).
Cedar Waxwings Feeding Young,
Cedar Waxwing on Nest.
American Redstart (male) Feeding
Young.
American Redstart
Nest.
Prairie Warbler (male) Feeding
Young.
Prairie Warbler (female) and Nest.
Red-eyed Vireo on Nest
Red-eyed Vireo Feeding Young.
(female) and
Wilson’s Thrush and Nest with Eggs.
Wilsons Thrush Feeding Young.
Chestnut-sided Warbler on Nest.
Ovenbird and Nest.
Black and White Warbler on Nest.
Field Sparrow Feeding Young.
Field Sparrow Cleaning Nest.
CHAS. K. REED,
Young Field Sparrow.
Nest and Eggs of Grasshopper
Sparrow.
Grasshopper Sparrow on Nest.
Nest and Eggs of Bob White.
American Robin on Nest.
American Robin Feeding Young.
Five Young Chickadees.
Chickadee at Nest in Bird House.
Chickadee at Nest in Tree.
Brown Thrasher.
Brown Thrasher on Nest.
Wood Thrush on Nest.
Young Wood Thrush.
Pigeon Hawk.
Bluebird at Nest Hole.
Barred Owl.
Screech Owl.
Four Young Screech Owls.
Young Blue Jays.
Blue Jays in Nests.
Blue Jay Feeding Young
Loggerhead Shrike.
Phoebe on Nest.
Hairy Woodpecker.
Chimney Swift.
Four Young Crows.
Arizona Jays.
Rocky Mountain Jay.
Bluebird Feeding Young.
Young Bank Swallows.
Young Bobolinks
Seven Young Kingfishers.
Young Kingfishers.
Barn Owl.
Barn Swallows (pair).
Kingbird and Young.
Kingbird and Nest.
Young Kingbirds.
Young Goldfinches.
Yellow Warbler and Young.
Catbird on Nest.
Gila Woodpecker.
Wood Pewee on Nest.
Young Spotted Sandpipers.
Flicker at Nest Hole.
Flicker leaving Nest.
Young Baltimore Oriole.
Yellow breasted Chats.
Robin Feeding Young.
Young Red-wing Blackbirds.
Young Wood Pewee.
Young Robin.
Young Green Herons
Young Shrikes.
Red-headed Woodpecker.
Bush-Tit and Nest.
Worcester, Mass
New York,
93 University Place.
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Which are especially adapted for this class of work, and are used exclusively
by the publishers of AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY.
Full descriptive manual sent free to any address upon application, provided
AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGY is mentioned.
G. CRAMER DRY PLATE CO.
ST. LOUIS, MO.
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The Latest and the Best
BIRD GUIDE
PART 2
Bye CHESSER ARE E Da Sab:
Author “‘North American Birds’ Eggs and editor American Bird Magazine
This new pocket Bird Guide is the result of years of study as to the needs
of teachers and Nature students, for a convenient and reliable book that
would quickly identify any bird that they might see. It not only
NAMES THE BIRDS FOR YOU
S B but tells you about their babits and distribu-
tion; in what places to look for them; de-
scribes their songs as accurately as they can
be given on paper; describes their nests and
eggs; and gives COLORED ILLUSTRA-
HONS OR VAELS THE. LAND SBIR DS
EAST OF THE ROCKIES, beginning
with the Parrots and ending with the Blue-
birds. Blank pages in the back of the book
allow you to make any additional notes that
you wish regarding any of the birds.
It is complete in every respect and is BET-
TER THAN A HUMAN INSTRUCTOR
for it knows all the birds and is ready to tell
ey {f=} you about them at any time.
TE Wass: The pictures are drawn and colored from
& 2 SPSS @ the bird themselves and are very TRUE TO
NATURE; if the female or young differ in plumage from the male, they are
shown also. Regardless of price, a bird book cannot be found as complete
and with the real value and utility of this one.
It can easily be carried in the pocket, measuring but 3 x 5 1-2 inches; it has
220 pages and index; bound in either flexible sock cloth or leather.
FINELY PRINTED ON THE BEST PAPER AND PACKED
IN A NEAT BOX.
CLOTH BOUND 5Oc POSTPAID
Five Copies for $2.00.
Bound in flexible Leather, 75 cents; five copies, $3.00.
WE WANT AGENTS IN EVERY CITY, TOWN AND SCHOOL.
GOO@D DISCOUNTS:
Part 1 will contain the Water and Game Birds and Birds of Prey; the two
books will thus give EVERY BIRD EAST OF THE ROCKIES.
CHAS. K. REED, Pub. Worcester, Mass.
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HEHEHE HEFH4 HFEF 4444444 44h bhhtdtb4 ht +t 4t+t4+444444+44444 44444 F44444444444444444444444 $4
work in placing teachers is fam-
OU ous. Our RECORD is made by
naming the teacher, then doing
personal work for her. We employ agents to
assist the candidate. AT HOME within fifty
miles of our main offices since Feb. 1, 1905,
we have elected 13 principalships in New
York state AND ABROAD in the eastern,
southern and middle states we are equally
active and successful. REGISTER NOW.
Tae TERMS. Empire Teacher’s Agency,
H. COOK, Manager, Syracuse, N. Y.
THE OOLOGIST
A monthly publication devoted to
Oology, Ornithology and Taxider-
my. Published by Frank H.
Lattin, M. D., Albion, N. Y. The
Oldest, Cheapest and most popu-
lar
‘‘ BIRD” PUBLICATION
in America. The best exchange
and want columns. Question and
answer columns open to Collectors
and Students in every branch of
Natural History. An entire year
with free 25c. exchange notice cou-
pon only 50c. Sample copy on
application. Address,
ERNEST H. SHORT,
Editor and Manager Chili, N. Y.
The Butterfly Book, by W. J. Holland
D. D. has, besides hundreds of text illus-
trations, Colored Plates which show over
a Thousand Species of American Butter-
flies with all their native beauty and _ bril-
liance of coloring. This is a ‘Popular
Guide to a Knowledge of the Butterflies
of North America.”’ It tells everything
about butterflies, and tells itin a way any-
body can understand. Every one interes-
ed in Butterflies should own this book.
Price is only $3.00 prepaid.
The Moth Book, by W. J. Holland.
Fully illustrated by color photography.
The illustrations of the moths are natural
size and the coloring is perfect. With
this book it is easy to identify any moth
ata glance. It is by far the best work on
moths ever published. $4 prepaid.
CHAS. K. REED,Worcester, Mass.
SEND THE SUBSCRIPTIONS
of your Christmas magazines to us. In most
cases our rates are much lower than those of
the Publishers. Price list free. GALITZ
MAGAZINE AGENCY, 401 N. Hermitage
Ave., Chicago, Ills.
IS PRINTED h
THIS PAPE ae and eee
rove of Ae M, EDDY, Albion, N.Y.
Game of Birds
A series of fifty-two illustrations
of popular birds in colors, true to
nature. A beautiful, interesting,
and instructive game.
35 CENTS POSTPAID.
We will send this FREE for one new
subscriber to American Ornithology.
CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass.
Great Magazine Offer.
Penlopicars Review of Reviews..... a
Cosmopolitan........... 0,
HALF PRICE Educational Gazette . a 00
(CIOS TOtaless: cossese eee eee $5.00
AtLOMCCH in my en OUI EZ I CORE eee $2.50
Our Pri
EDUCATIONAL "GAZETTE PUB. CO.,
Syracuse, N. Y.
School Curiosities
Just What is Needed in every
School for Nature Study.
Over fifty Curious ‘and Showy speci-
mens at less than one quarter of their
list price. These are all good specimens,
selected with special care to be of value
in study, or for the collector’s cabinet.
It contains Sea Urchins, Sea Horse,
Horsefoot Crab, Resurrection Plant, Fos-
sils, Corals, several varieties Silk Worm
Cocoon, Sand Dollar, Star Fish, Saw-
fish Saw, Sea Ferns, Sea Fan, Chinese
Horned Nut, Shell Paperweight, a good
variety of nice shells such as Angel Wings,
Pink and Black Murex, Fan Shell, Crown
Shell, Spider, Abalone, Spindle Conchs,
anda box of small mixed shells, con-
taining Olives, Bleeding tooth and such
shells to the number of several hundreds.
Five dollars will pay for this delivered
to you by express or freight.
CHAS. K. REED,
Worcester, Mass.
The Condor
A Magazine of Western Ornithology
EDITED BY WALTER K. FISHER
For 19095 THE CONDOR has been
fortunate in securing cooperation of
Mr. William Lovell Finley and Mr.
Herman T. Bohlman whose superb
photographs of wild birds have never
been excelled, and rarely equaled.
They will contribute to each issue dur-
ing 1905 and the collection of photo-
graphs will be notable in the history
of ornithology.
The first article, in the January
issue, details the photographing of
in aerie of Western Red-tails, and as
illustrated by superb photographs,
taken in a huge cotton-wood, 120 feet
above the ground.
_ Volume VII begins with the January
issue and will be better than any pre-
ceding volumes.
Subscription $1.00 a year. Sample
copy, twenty-five cents. Order of
JOSEPH GRINNELL, Pasadena, Cal.
The Journal
Of the Maine
Ornithological
A Society
Volume seven will consist of
issues the first of March, June,
September and December. There
will be articles on Maine birds by
the leading ornithologists of the
state as well as copious bird notes
of current interest.
Subscription 5O cents a year.
W. H. Brownson, Portland,
Editor.
Frank T. Noble, Augusta,
Associate Editor.
Address W. H. BROWNSON,
1-2 Exchange St., Portland, Me.
A GOOD FIELD GLASS
The BEST for Bird Study and
Equally Good for
Mountain, Sea Shore or Opera
ONLY $5.00
These Glasses are well made and espec-
ially adapted for the use of the bird stu-
dent as they give about twice the field
vision of ordinary ones and magnify near-
ly four diameters.
They are in good strong leather case,
silk lined.
nes-Remember, yOu can have them free by getting only ten subscriptions
for our magazine at $1.00 each. Or if you prefer we will send you a pair prepaid
on receipt of $5.00. Try them a week and if not perfectly satisfactory return
them to us and we will refund the $5.00. Is not that fair?
The Glass and Color Key to N. A. Birds by F. M. Chapman.............. $ 6 50
The Glass and North American Birds Eggs by C. A. Reed................
The Glass and both Books..............
CHAS. K. REED WORCESTER MASS.
ee
XX
Ra RG
y FOR THE HOLIDAYS.
COLOR KEY
TO
North American Birds
By FRANK M. CHAPMAN
‘y
A complete bird dictionary, with
i upward of 800 drawings in colors, so
‘arranged that one may learn a bird’s name with the least pos-
sible difficulty. In no other book has the problem of identifica-
tion been so simplified. The book is equally useful in any
part of the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 312 pages,
cloth, $2.50.
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS EGGS
By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.
A complete illustrated book of all
eggs. It gives the habitat and breed-
ing range of each species; location and
construction of the nest; time of nest-
ing; number, description and varia-
tion of eggs laid; with a full-sized
illustration of the egg of nearly every
species, and a large number of full-page
illustrations of nesting sites. 360 Bee
cloth, $2.50. ae
Both of these books and the Amwevican Bird
MAGEET Te one pee Je oe
(CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass.
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