Shee = ete “= <( < : : = Ci a < Ce e ¢ EX LIBRIS Wilham Healey Dall Division of Mollusks Sectional Library Division of Mollusks Sectional Library jm js Hl a fa Tok Vin t Jalon. . 4) J, Clee Molt Mite,” os ; 4 GL 4 by \\ CRF hee ac sagt ae paoLl» Vou. 1. No. f. Price $1,50, coloured. “6 Orv f7 lite ile _. AMERICAN | - CONCHOLOGY, ‘OR DESCRIPTIONS © OF THE SHELLS OF NORTH AMERICA. ILLUSTRATED BY ¥ COLOURED FIGURES FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS EXECUTED FROM NATURE. @ CONTENTS. Astarte castanea, - - - - . - - . - pl. i Delphinula laxa, - : - . - - . - - - vil Lutraria lineata, . - - - - - - - - - .- ix Molania dapygig, so ye SG ae fe OEE eS VD a nupera, - - - - - - - - - * + Viii Oliva literata, - - - - . - - - ws - ili _ Paludina decisa, - - - - - ~ - - - ary hes tee vivipara, of tee ‘ - re 4a a a x Pandora trilineata, - : . - - : - - seg Unio monodonta, - : : - - - - - - vi ” ridibundus, - eth arp tes 4 ° : ’ ei “y URRBUIORIOR, sta Mee AS ae i ae. ile ee 2 My TT RE SS, SR Se aa ME oO OR ‘ { 4 : . A aaa NEW-HARMONY, INDIANA. Printed at the School Press. ae / J3 Silecuduo loldlerd, - a ds, Ig Lisl tate, Lovie fthastelud, Hilerelde ” DL cuble , oa ty, EIS SNA Vat, eels Savy os Clrlhiur® Recatantina | Lay , Mifplomtrati rr), ex, iw 2 i . c tT" als Anew D aoe = ae ray at ¥ iP mipeaae =F 4 ors “aie AMERICAN CONCHOLOGY, OR DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SHELLS OF NORTH AMERICA. ILLUSTRATED BY COLOURED FIGURES FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS EXECUTED FROM NATURE, BY THOMAS SAY, F. ML... Weimber of many learned Societies in Europe and America ‘Read Nature ; Nature is a friend to truth.” YOUNG NEW-HARMONY, INDIANA Printed at the School Press. 1830. Za tSON ig OCT 21 1957 LIBRARY TO WILLIAM MACLURE, PRESIDENT OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES or PHILADELPHIA, AND OF THE AMERICAN GEOLO- GICAL SOCIETY 5 MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICANT, SOCIETY, &e. &e. this book is dedicated as a small, but sincere tribute of respect and friendship, by his much obliged friend THE AUTHOR. at ry 4s oe a Mi? e hin “tl hie phys Ping ‘nha yet ik ai fap C.Tecbout Siuedp. ASTARTE. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell suborbicular, generally transverse, equivalve, in- equilateral, closed entirely: hinge with two strong, dis- tinct, diverging teeth on one valve, and on the other two very unequal teeth and a lateral obsolete one: ligament exterior: muscular impressions two and a minute one above the posterior impression, almost confluent with it : impression of the mantle simply arquated, distinct. OBSERVATIONS. A genus, containing but a small number of species, in- stituted by Sowerby under the name we have adopted. Lamarck appears not to have been aware of the previous existence of this genus, when he published it under the name of Crassrna in his Anim. sans Vertebr. He referred it to his Nymphacées Tellinaires; but we agree with Sow- erby, in the opinion, that its proper place is with his Conques Marine; from all of which, it is distinguished by its cardinal teeth and interior impressions. Blainville in his “ Manuel de Malacologie et de Conchy- liologie” places it as a division of his genus Venus, under the following characters : “Solides, épaisses, suborbiculaires, subéquilatérales ; deux trés-grosses dents divergentes sur une valve, et deux trés-inégales sur lautre ; les impressiones musculaires ré- unies par une ligule sans sinuosité postérieure.” He in- forms us that Defrance has announced the existance of eighteen fossil species, and we described two in the Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. PLATE I. ASTARTE CASTANEA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Beaks nearly central ; epidermis chesnut-brown. SYNONYM. Venus CASTANEA. JVobis. Jour. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. iv. p. 273. DESCRIPTION. Shell thick and ponderous, suborbicular, or subtriangu- lar, with prominent and nearly central beaks: dunule ex- cavated, lanceolate: cartilage slope rectilinear, indented : disk with minute, concentric wrinkles and larger undula- tions: epidermis chesnut-brown, with somewhat darker or paler zones: within bluish-white; the margin very regularly erenulated. OBSERVATIONS. Not very unfrequent on the coast of Newjersey. Its surface is often sculptured with very slightly elevated, ob- tuse lines, or undulations, which are sometimes rather more elevated and acute. It is longer in proportion to its breadth than the danmoniensis of Montagu, and is destitute of the fine and regular striz, with which the obliquata is — marked. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The upper figure exhibits the exterior view. The middle figures—inside of the two valves. The lower figure—back of the shell. MS) PLATE If. rte a 4 ¥ 3 a | ty ® a in, ms 4’ 4 ; ae son Ry - \< +, MM? Say Del. a C.Tiebout Scud. PANDORA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell transversely oblong, equilateral, inequivalve, wn- attached, regular, somewhat rostrated ; left valve flattened. with from one to three teeth extended upon the inner sur- face of the shell, with a fosset for the ligament; hinge margin inflected; right valve convex, teeth one less than in the left valve, with the corresponding fosset ; ligament internal, attached to an elongated fosset or cicatrice, which inclines towards the anterior margin: museular impres- sions two, distant, lateral. “ Animal very much compressed, elongated, in the form of a sheath, by the union of the edges of the mantle and its continuation with the tubes, which are united and very short ; foot small, thicker before, exserted by a large slit in the mantle; branchie pointed backwards and contin- ued into the tube.”—(Blainville. ) OBSERVATIONS. ‘The hinge teeth extend on the inner surface of the shell in some degree like those of Puacuna, to which genus, this seems to be allied, both by the position of the teeth’ and the perlaceous consistence, of the shell ; but it is emi- nently distinguished by having two muscular impressions. Lamarck, who first characterized the genus, placed it next to Corsuxa, chiefly, perhaps, in consequence of the ine- quality of its valves. ‘T'wo species only are described by Lamarck, the in- quivalvis, Linn., and the obtusa, a newly described species. Sowerby has added another, under the name of flexuosa. PLATE Il. According to Blainville, two fossil species have been dis- covered by Defrance. ‘The animal is so similar to that of ‘Soxen, that Poli has referred it to the same genus, which he calls Hypocea. PANDORA TRILINEATA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Hinge margin bilineate from the beak to the tip; valves not very inequal. SYNONYM. PANDoRA TRILINEATA. Nobis. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. iv. p. 261. DESCRIPTION. Shell perlaceous whitish, translucent, concentrically wrinkled: hinge placed at the posterior slope, which is very abrupt, and forming a considerable obtuse angle with the hinge margin: ¢eeth three in the left valve, the middle one shortest, the anterior one longest, parallel and near to the hinge margin and having the fosset on its mner basal side: hinge margin concavely much arquated, its surface flattened and bounded on its outer edge by two elevated, approximate, obtuse lines, originating at the beak, and con- tinued to the rostrated tip: rostrum ascending : a longitu- dinal, slightly impressed line, originates at the beak and passes to the middle of the basal margin. OBSERVATIONS. I first discovered a single valve of this shell, several years since at Great Egg Harbour on the coast of Newjersey ; PLATE II. « since which, on a journey with Mr. Maclure, we obtain- ed two or three others on the coasts of Georgia and Flori- da; so that it may be said to inhabit all our southern and middle coast. The inner edge of the hinge margin of one valve, closes over that of the other. This species differs from those previously made known, more particularly by its teeth, by having the hinge placed much further back and consisting of a mere angle, not at all prominent, the rostrum also has a direction more up- ward, and the difference in the convexity of the valves is not very considerable. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The upper figures exhibit the inside view. The lower figures the exterior view. PLATE II. B eed 5) BAe penny gh ee aie Papo, > oe 1.” ¢ } tare gy Winn ‘ei Pe ce ‘ hittin SAGE: aah} ke a ny a Ste aso cole ih! oo “oi an Ay pepo ie ati Laken le lin Mes i: 4 a ify h ini tout tide . abc aaeme pie GEA x a * We vist ‘i a ae eat Mauser BER ’ « Sal ty 4 ‘a Nh es 4 ye Uae » ’ j od paneer uke ist aan vere ree es pee ni ce pee A as hes Mia ts he : & ‘ OY Bs es aie a Koa - : ae oe Oe 5 me et on » aan CON lle hay D's wpa Pi ws iv Kei,% i or & mal peas an na a eye : viet i wi a ‘0 \ hota ee te sbi ny) Veter " oy” A a iar: sehary | Sa : : an \ - wi y ae ’ fat, Po ip, alle vey a ey 4 he baal Ahh Ne a Ay ae i a tM tn Maes ‘endl: 1 ; f Pal Ary e a ics at wiki ite rs ies be ne hehe, oF ie 4. 3 i OM: HES aalhe vi seeeie Aaegie' 4 Songer 3 i } - sania Oe wn We ag ih ltt * les tale sa a ra tt ihe | aa is | By ae P Cian iad Coie al Sie’ Tile 5 i } | . ; a aaa de he bf Gt) Ae a eo las naa fie oe ; Ae. ae oy ie ae i) wisi isi gh i | ; sev yea te ‘a hile Eg Wace iy ¢ aa ae ae ae 4 7 ¥ . sala et, b, Sain "4 : ih "i, itt Lane AP og .4 ma va \ ee }. : pe 5 = A ae = oie an a =) "re Ee ek a 5 ie a ‘ uf | a i. he m4) “a! a7 oy ee 8 we Cag < hh Di ie by Ni i Me ae , - ‘7 % 7 a 7 j vin d -_ lille : a - > ee aos ; ci x, 7 ‘eh 7 pata = fe: atl ma ‘yy ay es ae ie ee i“ pans, VON Py her v 7 hd re i . rp 4 con tLe « BA yak cay pola ra “a +) | ema, oh tA + Pee vf “a » _, r J ho on ? fa - ots » 7 i . wr) = a - a ; ny 4 4 be Li a Yh’ f regs, ‘e Bl fo : a on, . i 7) iat i 4 * a & os 0 7 ~ diel . ; P it: “eS aoe oye oF few 7 ‘ : fy 4 At - - : Yur Al! a vay, * fa a hy oD) : MTree, ee OX a i sy : Ar ee Fe r Oa h, | vets ‘a 7 oy a ; " ey My " iL a @ V . i ie Sie 1 piadtal 5 ap ; : Ab et ‘i ‘ at Us aca an oe iw é rte (ao die SEAL Sia 7 ca ~ 7 & , ee hea ‘a hale ~ ia? " ike Wer ae ae th a ere ee Re y ST) ae ee Le Dy eG Oe ee. | eke ee g dh lov, 7 - rt if ei i. 7 . lng < 4 yr see rs iA = i ye r a Pas on 1? A ra q ut ine ck” Pe er ae (n* cob ae! an PaO eS ty) ee <.. @aseee a hiw fhe Tia CUA ry ee BY Ae: a ‘a . ” boi ’ ae ie mn v4 SP BRE 7 ALN RS a ane ace vie. h a nan, IT - c rus <2) HG 7 . 7 coe » Sion Ov, 5 ee Le 2D haar . prt ta > im ae oe nbd ny a Fe ae oe mai dis ee ) ieee AT 1 LL (orem > el ie oe a > 7 i af ar ae. : vj ae. ee TT ee ae ree i > ea Tb ie bt ASAP ae ae. honda a \ a pr. ns aie bh ix int : os : rs | 7 : « 4 _ ry s, | ae ‘ ; , _ > : i= ect Da 2) ee hd Sash, ath eethc: Arr 7 oe ‘ , if eAg! ie Or So oh | 1) 5 ee ae ee y un » © aeie Mints am. 2 ae a ON bet” * ly | OP ae ae : fh ¢ . 7 Ee of 7 Pp : - : 7 ee is ss yD gt,” & 7 ~ Vy r a st a Tue 1 heat Jnihetie Mkt wii AS ite Si Se : ty ¢ f Ti ay A a A Soe a a eee ‘4 itch , mes aelib, @, ie ct Lf MO: is mn Te. By ad Ard Ap dd} 2 i ; f ras r “9 Yah ae Nos ae @ Be nal i pws y y Nog a. a a a he _ ‘ar . i ; : oT! ant) ae ies 78 \ ee Byer: a we 7S "Th. sie M™Say Del. : 3) C.Lrebout Soup. OLIVA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell subeylindric, oblong, smooth, more or less polish- ed; epidermis none; spire short; suture canaliculated, the edge of each volution extending a little upward, canal bounded above by a revolving, carinate callus: body whorl near its base with a slightly elevated band, beginning be- low the middle of the aperture and revolving to the base of the labrum: aperture elongated; labrum and columel- la with calcareous deposite, much striated, striae on the lat- ter more elongated: base deeply emarginate ; operculum none. OBSERVATIONS. The smoothness and polish of these beautiful shells, are no doubt owing to the extension, of the smooth surface of the mantle of the mhabitant, over their whole exterior. The animal is not yet well known, but Lamarck suppo- ses it to be carnivorus. It is marine. Of all the species figured in the books, and existing in the collections, Linné formed. but about two species, which he referred to his genus Voluta under the names of oliva and porphyria. Bruguiére applied to them the present generic name, which was adopted by Lamarck, who, with his usual acute perception of natural differences, described more than sixty species, among which are a few that ex- ist only in the fossil state, and according to Blainville, PLATE III. F thirty-two new species have been added by M. Duclos, from the coast of New-Guinea. ~ This genus is closely allied to Anema, which, how- ever, is destitute of striae on the labium and. the spiral ca- nal is completely filled up. From 'TereBeiium, to which it is also allied, it may be distinguished by the striated la- bium and columella, and the elevated band at the base of the body whorl, and from Mrrra and Vowura by the ca- naliculated suture. OLIVA LITERATA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell with numerous angulated brownish lines and two bands of chesnut-brown ones. SYNONYMS. Oxrva irerRATA. Lam. nn. du Mus. vol. xvi. p, 315; and Anim. sans Vertebr. vol. vii. p. 425. Ouiva. Lncycl. Meth. pl. 362, fig. 1, a, 6. DESCRIPTION. Shell with a pale yellowish-white ground colour, thick- ly covered over with cinereous-rufous angulated lines, leav- ing distinct triangles of the ground colour; on each side of the middle is a broad band, occasioned by the angulated lines being there of a deeper, or chesnut-brown colour ; PLATE III. ¢ * the angulated lines at the upper edge of the volutions are fasciculated and of the same colour of the bands. OBSERVATIONS. We are far from being certain that this is absolutely the literata of Lamarck, although it agrees perfectly, except in being smaller, with the figures above quoted, to which he refers. He supposed his specimens to be natives of the East Indies. However this may be, and although we for- merly described it under another name, we think it more prudent to consider it as indicated by Lamarck’s descrip- tion and the figures of the Encye. Methodique. [t is rather common on our southern coast. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The figures represent the shell in two positions. PLATE III. 4 as sia il aks oye Bites y Fras i dati ‘yd HeLge: ing ~ seg ‘on bs Stes ad ies ‘el Be in. wt oe wv. aa ds _b608 unread ; ® he he sia “ im mt Aye an. . amt gig ry | , | is oe Mey Me ; rae is : , arten ni ~—_ Eee ‘ * ¢ _ b , ’ * . . Ta ten » ‘ ‘ 4 ° 7 ¥ } : 4 | Aah 3 | sat) } Toy WY IY Nees sai atin ees 2 natalie: COs * i : . . 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CP ae UF ee ae aia ee 7 ‘eo io - Paw te L } Ave pa H n 7" Oe = he i hee he Ties sl Mi ae oe we cy ot ate : a . f - ia y A) a) eu) vi. cf an - é i aar.> i oar aa +s ¥ ‘a ) a Ai far. en 2 ory 7 ra * Wes gates" ; iy rai. bee ASEMON) it at ad a) era gree i o..7 et oe “ig Ne ne se! mew a uy | cw 1a ey? a Weeerers re: gee py hg fg * hv ee Pon oy ae te ae ae 7 7 a a a : a oo WS. ary ' ee . " ry ta, - rena aj ’ " - ad _ a“ oe 7 oO : Pa “mt ; . / ne : ’ ¥ : ae a : A eid! os as c fg vv 7 * a : 1 : 7 : ee hia 2 Parner iM, haga ya” ee 22 nt. Sr : 4 2 7 7 1 a Pa A, Tay 4 an a 7 “he ie: ~— : a 7 ; TAL - ee : ‘ Aa 2 Lig on ifs Sta 4 ee : te _ : : 7 i 7 oS! a a eee rn a y my . 7 sre ee “| iin od “= ihe Aa v Ww a » 7 Care Milad : ar T 7 7 a tT faim Pode: ok: a. ae 0 Ol VS i ae q on “LPs = pee 7) a, : ray af bf ; ial olf ~ : ae 4 hm ar 7 De 7 a ie A 4 ott mt i = a — A py, dy . i e ae F Lal tb Dale _ —s |" A a ae (eer ads ed aa YT hs = F 4 og ay ane 7 ‘oe 7 1 2a o A an ue De r a c a ve . ‘ee pai aR - vs iis es iv - | Pa - OO ae Pe ae i ee AY he : a Lae am im af 7% = rit - i a) es Gal a Rie re a4 ye % ner a oe _ mf ie Bn a. aner A ie YY ee i y ee ee as ie ; ay Hla on a eal AY —- © ar a a fae © i ae a a : 3 . VA are e Ris of of oe 4 f Vh7 4 tie ae, Lane a ‘ tae rvs i Db 1 eee S| £0, io. ah + A) hae a, "Ae Ny : ~ 7 Laat n oii! i Py ; _ ee 4 van y=. 4 fila oe rae iby 7 re eo) le - . ane sa. «tt Tv i — Vel sa ee Ti \' ee) iy e i yor a Cue 1 wala fe a : -! A ey ys | _— : Le oor a oly -“ Ts) = - ey ai? oe 8 So SD ey ine a ee vi v 4 ian — rs 7 : ? i. » ee 2 or ; Vee : : ‘40 J ab b: ty "4 iw, : wy ai 7 7 , _ : ‘id a ) a po r : ry ic . bo iby a ‘J : 7 ’ f mt PULA : ye a4 bist : _ Lome at : of if vn etal ae es y . pee a Len @ i ae _. ‘ —e; ¥ i th hee) i. ri - wy _ Pol} ¥ : - 1 31 a m A fide ae b it 7 th eae? ao Pol " : ie i a 7 7 7 a 7 "4 are a en ioe Pak nw aot ~“e, a VS. +45) , ’ vi, —- hi Les ye he” ks ire : ai: ve ’ ne : ge RR ho arc. - a's rn aie =] a 7 tread 7 ¥ aK oF +1 ‘ie oll i —,” yen? 7 ct ipa) Vay | i) nt i ‘ yh vl Me Pulls ‘—re by VW ia 4s af . a a >. im , i ete 7 e Z j if a a ; ieee ahd Pri Qe, 7 7 eek al : Bs y i baie bad mi > te f 7.) oo si ; or : — | 7 ye ' 7 ne ie 7 Mee is i ter a ae oe 5 oopem nd a" 7; Sirs \” ia ‘ < fo 7) hg my ; i ao r 7 Fir ie: et ~~ 7 : ed wv 7 . 7 7 j “OG ,« , ¥ ie a ie ie : ia a ~ et i i a nik ' py ae wy me i i ' . » a ea te fe is Ps ae : . hy igi » i 7 Ot , A. “Seay ee Dias: 41 She ‘ai i “a oe vey ns Cae ai fi - 1 7) 4 a : ris Maye aed ? ” a Fe a" ' a wae or " :, Vie ey > ite iii “— Cys ie is Peal in, Pet) fae LT a bshy. a ya en A iG is ee } ie) oF uel. 7 Pate at And -_ ~ re ar, x 7 4 nN PG Airy ve 6 ee < = 1 & a. ov , a rig : ~ uae os Bi... ie , woe ge ai ; = ‘ aoe va a f - © —- €. VU 7 a , Or ‘ : a ie - , 7, Ay, ie 4 a ree - y n Me” Say Del | 7 1 ay Let. 4 CLrebout Sap. UNIO. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell unattached, generally transverse, equivalved, ine- quilateral ; cardinal teeth one in each valve, irregular, ge- nerally striated, simple or biparted ; an elongated lamelli- form tooth on the anterior hinge margin of the left valve, and two similar teeth on the corresponding margin of the right valve ; muscular impressions two principal ones ; li- gament exterior. OBSERVATIONS. In North America the shells of this genus excel those of any other country in magnitude, beauty and diversity of species. They are altogether inhabitants of fresh wa- ter, and we have hardly a rivulet in the Union, im which they are not to be found. Many of them are of a beau- tiful perlaceous colour and consistence, and we are inform- ed that some of the very thick ones of the Ohio, have been, at Pittsburgh, successfully turned into buttons and orna- ments. This genus is closely allied to Dirsas, Leach, Hyria and Irtpina, Lam., AuAsmovontva, /Vob., and ANnopon- vA, Brug. But the former has lamelliform teeth only ; Hyrzra has lamelliform teeth on both sides; Intpena and Anovonva are destitute of teeth and ALAsmoponra is destitute of lamelliform teeth. ‘To this exposition we may add, as more remotely allied, the Mecapesma of Bowd., which has two cardinal teeth on one valve and three in PLATE IV. V. VI. the other, with a remote indistinct tooth on each side ; cha- racters that indicate an approach to Cyrena. Some of these genera are intimately linked together by intermedi- ate species, particularly the Unio and Anodonta, there be- ing one or more in our streams, that it is somewhat diffi- cult to determine which of the two genera it ought to be placed in. Consequently those naturalists, who advocate the union of such genera as are connected by intermedi- ate species, will be compelled to unite these, and on the same principle, they must reject great numbers of genera long since firmly established. UNIO TRIANGULARIS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell triangular, very convex; anterior margin forming a right angle with the disk. SYNONYMS. Unio rrrancunAris. Barnes. Silliman’s Journal, vol. Vi ps 272,tpl 4S ha, V7 Unio cuneatus. Swainson. Tilloch’s Magazine, De- cember, 1823. DESCRIPTION. Shell triangular, very convex, gaping at the extremities : anterior margin very much flattened, forming a right an- ele with the disks; having longitudinal slightly elevated PLATE Iv. ieee ish ee” || PS nll ae P ri as iy Ral). Drea 6 i oie ge ie ery ie Y lars i ‘ah m at en lee ir ee A is on eM ias be hi 5 Us o Z i) oe, pi Ppt) Bias & ye | ae) fA (4) on ialye e ‘0 ; nor bute re hal a ale tugs sah uni ba cm i ry _ “@ cd ry A j 7 ya al le oq WG 7 aa. ee aaa 7 ne by 2 pe ; \ iy ee oie mm? ; an | i | i oe en ae, ae ad an F a a ie ME OE ot OE 6 as OM iv ii a 4 Brey rh oy! Is ech i, | Mi w a Ay yi 4 god igre? i Ma 4 a 7 7 A j ny ¥ ri : Pa 7. A a, i Por ne ie aoe a 7 pL ; e al cia 7) Ke de ‘al aie ve Wi Wits ie > ait? ’ ter a : : hie ans ee ree a” ey Y i i fl ¢ ah F 1 r i WY Pe ; : = j : bo rl qe ‘ ey kl a: ui Bh n in | OY * A oe: sai hy 5 he fo. ied ue i Rie mie ’ se Lah om) ee ee . WH ee a Pa eer, Pers hi Ae eo ae “NeyGya Sil Nive Wass 2 ee es re ee a et ee ~ Oh. 2 aa PY trie ig as ag 3 ts is oajaulemi atria ae ee ee ee. A a eS an A 5 rit bat ne ae | we hi ey * “era a ae _ 2 RAS a, Age Gaye ao a! i Ate My od 1 hide ee er aaa mon th aa AY ; al a aas rie 7) bas Me ih 7 i Sie ae a Oe eee YD Aa Tal - vp Wheto nails 1 ft mn yy re. ke Wil Fs ‘el ore, ik it ei {situ hai ae ue ae 7), = 2 acm e vs ay a“ * oa itt Sidra ; a2 a, ie ty 4 - jets Lh ha aay” 7 a: } ai a. o - . : asd wy ieee A Todi Wilt : al ro : oa i 7 la 1 a eS Ar ee re es ie BRP) Za whale gyri ea oe a a wy ro . ‘ " Ai 7 yay : 1 Fo re ne ei fore : rr Dh eed, eS Pe 6 apa titel = * Be en Nag ie. eg ao a aL) nd vis i sola Sy fhe he se A rae m eae ee uy cs l4 ” 4 wT! } ¢ 7. ) > 7 AD i 5 : ‘y ‘ err rs r Sen CPCI ps: Ai Re are iva pe ee q 7 7 ’ Al y fl rn i mn 7 ee aay ety 2 Sere ur ie She cee tend ee aie Ficnl cs ihe yi a al bie ail un Bd 0 va th ee id bs ban a ieee ethan to Rae Prog ra! SP it RR oe he ah i) BN sbe Ke ee a Aas Ca ~~ .lUCC se ol) ee : Pie Ter “l,l see eM aT a sy ea hay date a 7 oe ain »o ae mS i ae Ny bgt at a 7 rr my Ca) sinh q ned ate ©. = . a aor ; et a OLN ROLES ho Sr An eee . m af _ i, f f ¥ : cia og Ulead eR eee an a oo ( Bake ay iv + ane im she bbe: We an - als . f ote a Pee eeaey ee U lire 4° Co Li i - a ah ne ¥ ‘ad ae me Tore = ay Any ae "y a . ai ie ey aA, pies ie par in a 1. ele ry pe BS a/v lar tothe ee AL eee Lita iii erate . F) ass : Te a ay S uirts 5 } me Bs oes a wn ‘ er a A¢., if a8 7 YP yr ad 7. us it AP) 2 y Re 7 f ~~ © al ay ' i“ ~*~ , as ayy : y : : ry has and > lia® i 7 q oie a aC ee ery ee — " 5 ne. * y + i) i i 4 7 1 - Ear Re, by 1. Othe i jar iA . x ae OL oe Ps 7 : : i es vs rane (Gi) | aN 2 el ti PETE et i A Fs 4 ‘ne ‘ ‘= ms I \ ee hae! . Ne a) 7 ¥, 1A ie ; . aa? i cent ae ae, OTL Se | iw. | ik rh ) a j e J , be ’ : - : Su By ee ie 4 ae a a} igh cont, vail ) a ian ‘ ™ if ‘ a 7 itd 7 ) ‘pw ) > coal Depa’ SLA ef 4 7 a) in Ty) sae 7 5 a ae \ pl ta ' i Uae La? / _ a Th 4 wh. pate} rer i) ae Bs u tek Pile i bolas bio ee — ao : rn a) See SL fe ‘pee a a ead me i wey Tae Sa er «0 ne 1 gage ee ey get " a u rh i a = ; My " bart, file ru 0 eee oo flea a. ; veer Ae eo , a) Ww g aie are gh 7 i a - 7 sal iM , * re ree Te ro 7 he la eee) SP , ics ; } [| ed Wigs S ue oe” i © 0 . >) ys el vi ee yas : eo A) a ~ ¢ a Lf om "| : oT aes aya 3 x" fis os i oe « - ar _ ©. : 7 be i NM oly ie A a ee _ d i it Pn Lae 4 Leap ne te ee 2 Fr _ . oy i, Vim? hg Tal y is oe © ] a . iS — jet di ya nay iad bb ies, 7 f : eR ¢ Sie ‘4 } dhe) u. : fi ¥ ; a. 7 See eee eee ee g ° (Meng “i ois) a Acah Sie alt - Vie te) | oe all oe ‘ ’ a a * Bi, fas “ A iL ae 4 to Hy 7 iy AY. | * a5 am oey , - a, a q CATAL a 0 ar AOE ty) iy 4 pe , eal nels ny a Le) ma une au ce ae fie re Fe > i, ath tk cee TE te eam Me a ay ed me ery rae ee i. ee ae Ti) Re Ma ie eT Se a mC T) Ne mi > T PEL fem, Ay - i ar 8) A Oh ane Wyre ee Ce ¥ pal . u a) i t we ie ie tae were ge a Oe Le .. ws na aa nyo hala Yara ie Soe a 4 Py el. a go ' oe i? oe eee eu ee) mek Ot aa 5 a, a ey Lai ral 7 oe al ae ~ ‘f rier a nit aan 7 NT es os rae a sb eye" jw i - wie i be 4 te 7. 2 , ie mi ey: eee ce Wad a a } vee o Ae j 7 a Yr 7 7 a 2a, | > ie ts ape - er > prey 7 iG ie _ “i ay. lay : _. ON ale er a pty es Hi & ee ‘ on ‘*s ais i. ‘ie i) Ade pal C OL we iy aoe ibe % Rie privy ti, ile rite vs i tawe naa—«~ os iii we Yar a U4) Van an e- ." . an ae “Py? _ ; " wr ix Cr eae lh eat a i a ee i ar a nh i o f : ! a, B won : ) C. Tiebout Sotdp. MM” Savy Del. @ 4 lines crossing the transverse wrinkles: ligament very short; anterior tip angulated : posterior margin rounded, desti- tute of distinct lunule: epidermis pale yellowish-olivace- ous, radiated with green, interrupted into short lines and spots, which are sometimes sagittate, and disappear on the margins of the old shell. OBSERVATIONS. It is highly probable that the present species is the cunea- tus of Swainson, it certainly agrees with his descrip- tion. But this is of little consequence, as Mr. Barnes’ name has the priority, and he has also preoccupied the name which Mr. Swainson has chosen. Mr. Barnes correctly remarks that this shell, in shape resembles ALAsmoponta marginala, Nob. ‘The extraor- dinary depressions of the anterior margin is very charac- teristic and readily distinguishes it from other species. As the shell increases in age this margin becomes a little ele- vated at tip, as is exhibited in our figures, and the position of the beaks varies a little. ‘The umbonial slope is often elevated into a rib, and the striae occupy a considerable part of the shell and become so profound as almost to den- ticulate the edge of the shell. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Interior and exterior views of the right valye—the two upper figures. Anterior truncated margin—lower figure. PLATE IV. r<€ UNIO SULCATUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Transversely subquadrate ; posterior margin not extend- ed beyond the umbones. SYNONYM. U. sutcatus. Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol: ili, N.S. DESCRIPTION. Shell very obliquely transverse subquadrate ; with an indented groove extending from the umbo to the anterior and anterior basal margins, between which the edge is somewhat retuse ; epidermis yellowish-olivaceous, with ra- diating, deep green, more or less undulated lines ; swmmit near the posterior extremity, prominent: anterior margin with two obtusely rounded angles, a little gaping: cavity of the hinge membranes behind the summits, deeply exca- vated, nearly as long as wide, distinctly angulated behind : posterior margin regularly rounded, remarkably short, hardly extending beyond the line of the posterior tip of the umbo: within perlaceous-white, more particularly iri- descent before: feeth regular, anterior cardinal tooth paral- lel with the lamelliform tooth, which is very slight arqua- ted: posterior muscular impression deep: sinus of the car- tilage very slight, regular: cavity of the umbo not deep, PLATE V. its muscular impressions obvious: palleal impression some- what truncate before, and not extending anteriorly beyond the line of the muscular impression. Var. a. Within, except on the anterior margin, purple or livid. OBSERVATIONS. It occurs in the Wabash and Ohio rivers. In order to avoid confusion I may mention that the present species is in many of the European collections, sent by me within the last five years, under the name of Flagellatus. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The lower figures, are the outer and inner views of the shell. UNIO RIDIBUNDUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Subquadrate ; emarginate before and denticulated on the anterior basal angle. DESCRIPTION. Shell transverse, subquadrate oval, olivaceous, radiate with capillary deep green lines ; summits somewhat pro- minent, nearly terminal: cavily of the hinge membranes oval, rather larger behind the beaks than broad : posterior PLATE V. side very short: anterior side with a groove, obsolete on the umbo, but becoming deeper to the anterior edge, which is consequently emarginate a little below its middle ; a lit- tle gaping; the inferior angle somewhat more prominent, rounded and denticulated: anterior muscular impression _very deep: palleal impression emarginate opposite to the denticulated angle: above this angle also, the concavity is abruptly more concave, so as to form a definite dilated groove. | Var. a. Within deep reddish purple. OBSERVATIONS. The remarkable character of the anterior basal angle or lobe of this species, renders an extended and more particu- lar description unnecessary. In the figure of the annexed plate we have brought this character particularly into view, by a delineation of the front of the shell, and two or three series of the teeth are visible in some specimens, like vari- ces in the univalves, on the surface of the shell, fringing the deeper undulations or wrinkles. [We may remark that in our figure these teeth have too much of a serrated appearance ; they are in reality more tooth-shaped, though slender.] It has considerable resemblance to the flagella- fus, Nob., in general form, brevity of the posterior side, summits, cavity of the hinge membranes and radiated sur- face, but the denticulated anterior edge, the more acute anterior groove and other subordinate characters, amply distinguish it. It is a small species, even smaller than the flagellatus. A remarkable and gigantic variety occurs in Cumber- land river; a specimen is rather more than two inches PLATE VY. Fn AL aT, MU emma HT? Tylays ye | Ws ip: Se Teen) lah A hh a “Ratan 2 NENA et hy nes iy an itt pit t an hy AB A ila 1 eee eRe Pils b Na, 4s : (ines i ey: ea ae ic ae eee rey ea ee aed i cy A ae Pee aces heer We As i, 10. MOV ia ea Mh sa q p ie Ne ar VAN i mmm RT Ni A HER Ba wii ¥ te ‘% 7 rr PA ble : LA i ite vi af Pa ti oe Th) he ve (ay i ity ry nd j ia a a ee ee it ae ts hee Wey : La ca ”) ; ie) beds aia) hale 7 A Ae fi ney i ha v4 Lihat bi a, AN My we i scar A pom hii i Pay Al Wa ¢ bt 4 Leper % of). Wt ka ape hake ie oe hier falas ae a ie os Pt. is rs owe ‘ eal Ly are pai iad aed past Dy) e Ma she ‘4 yl nee nee any rr: yy he hy Ve 40) irae. wT Ay neo A ua sine ; bal m Ae ‘by eee me | Plea ae aa vir OF all 5 ae “ia Me " Pei iy me ry Hane? ot ee the eget aan C8 be en qi "1 Tie.’ i eee at i. Pit ym ty Sante V nd i LE i aie pes 4 a Wt * ~~ 7 i 7 an he aaa a Le Rata wo py rd § a 7 Papal | f yk: UY ph 7 7 _ + : Pais i nae Wyre _ Tiel ae eran ren pik att his “i cial | { a al : re Vy Vey ean ni +t) ’ een m . ‘ Nie ps bi tay Si ae isa fare" KW? y: c ma ; u ap) : re « ph, ee a I Wit bi ia a a fn al ie aa ‘Veen ote aie = is ih : CY a Te a 7 if Yt nivie Pe fe ’ Vis Al.) BAS i Nee { ‘ih, ane hy 4 athe Tee ETC Aah yah lh ae mo - | a im i) Vian ia ah noe ku Vo wpe na ie “ mh re igh TG 1 a vet, 2 af? ; reat A Pee. WL Gu) hel tne,y Ma eee Pera bide iC big Wea: hte oe al gee aN ey ; 0 i Wi Beek is. ' en A Oe ae "s rena pee rat ph ahd 1 io : iv : Mt : rt La - 3 i my i ¥ i My Vem \ he } et " ws. Wr ad af \ ‘ H Sci - me :\) Mi eee f ae; 1 a Cope ier Py ay) La u yy i? ae ri mn Wes Pa " aN oh 7 2 an Mare 7 ‘ Wea ak hy , a ut iv Ly 4 or oy he i sn ’ Thigh (0) AR eee * i a ae wy y we ) + ey, cea - ie iv nar way, he : ae 7 4 Ar ue git oe. a i lt NG alt vi f tf Lt ed ‘ 7 Ship wy a it iy a hg centr x} " ny A a ms ri OS BP Ie ee Cie en. 4 buen eee a an ANT as pee? ei Rik i, ball a Lae | i ’ nm 9) i meee ; ane @ ' an aed Pat rae : ‘ a he at na " aa mt 4! >, oe he Pig wae i ener vive Re a f ne iene tik ie ay. { aie | ne a) & Dal ie) s 1 tial yt w ‘Oh Hi My on Wt he 4) or Bie: if ail ae at ie m: ial ms Me mt ue, ri ce hi ms , ean Philo ae AP s,! ‘ ia Pie iv) Te ae iy ie ee Dae iit, hae ‘4 ir ey im ary a i r — Oh a a > yh waee ay i ey "A ioe ne . ay LY, . nd Ww rh S) ee ar sole : av us (te r ORGS sat oan PA wee i a Rhea i Pa i Pe ae ms We na ur Diy id bea. y!, ar * oe ie ip? ob. lad (Hi Ga ore i ore ¥ oe shia mes ve ere. 86, i, oe ou elt ee ; # a ty tah haf Ned aa) ah 2 s HAD Wo mx u ines vi a a iv a) a Pe a hi On foal Mg | ey HAT 7: ae a 4 oh Hee eh, ah ha or *) ia | : ne ty SS _ rie p Ns Ps ATONE \a\" ehiee r Fi all Arr apa: rr oe iN - a seeded mie. vi I ans | \ poste me Le > om mn a we ds gis . a ah a ig 12 1 SOOeT Ee eae : iy o iia = ae hn ees Lie ; he Pas i" Se 7, = De ani Mi : A Whe 2 ae Pa Ae iH al 7 edi: Pe wt iv 4 Voit. 44 ra f v ia 1 ne ig : as - 7 PY sa om nar RE .. - 0) a i si ‘ ye akan _ To a Bali; 7 zie 7 as Ra vi he 7 neg yr or hn eke | eee n AT it Nake * o-PR ' ah jal an rf Wipraia’ a a, i the — ay cal a, i " . = wr q Utes rh is, As Bi) Pte | A ( : meyer Rian 5 a met) 4 un i ee ab rare fy ray ~v Oe a ‘a ‘ tg 4: f ad f 1 id *) re Pe dich V0 ahs } om, aoe ae mn)! he a Ai = % | ,) ay 1 M ’ Lad 7 a : i" ie M BH ae i Llu zy bar hah sn DAG Vi Oe a a : i ; ny a Pes - A deer ape pr ~ ¥ ao n) Mis wy fil et A wn isn iL T? ve ic i” ‘oie an Ty LY Ya 7 Bia. a nes: i. ian hen oe en nr an has es oe . a ee int ay aaa ; Pre ny: a R, vane thal hyd: i) i ¥en G70 > ral aa i 7 a we - iam qty, wat - . nie” oa i C. Trvedont — we MM? Savy Deel . wide and the radii are interrupted into spots. It may prove to be a distinct species when more specimens are obtained for comparison, and it may in that case be distinguished by the name of perplexus. For a specimen of it I am in- debted to Mr. Lesueur. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The upper figure exhibits a front view of the full grown shell, UNIO MONODONTA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Transversely elongated ; inner margin whitish or livid ; lateral teeth obscure. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely much elongated, slightly arquated, blackish-brown ; wmbonial slope (Swainson) widely round- ed, not abruptly elevated: wmbo placed far back, not pro- minent above the general curvature ; hinge and basal mar- gins a little arquated, parallel: anterior and posterior mar- gins regularly rounded: within perlaceous, with an opake whitish or livid margin: primary feeth simple, small: late- ral teeth very imperfect ; that of the right valve with only an impressed, short line, instead of the usual deep recipi- ent fissure. PLATE VI. OBSERVATIONS. I obtained numerous specimens at the Falls of the Ohio, on the rocky flats which are exposed in a low state of the water. Its elongated form is somewhat similar to that of the reetus, Lam.; but it is much thinner, more widely rounded before, and more compressed, particularly anteri- orly. Its teeth distinguish it from any other species hith- erto described. Old shells are very much decorticated and eroded; and in some individuals, the impressed line on the lateral tooth is hardly perceptible: still it cannot for one moment be mistaken for an Alasmodonta, as the habit is quite different. Mr. Lesueur has presented me with a specimen found in the Wabash. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The two views present the inner and exterior pages of the shell. PLATE VI. ODay ( a ae a Sea ee | ae ae oot i mh ee f i ch a Fr "i 4 ti By eat i) yan. 0 ad i Frals a jah al ia ay iat aay en : he “a i}. dh ah yi i : ; sft ” & re Tie ie } anne abla Sa ie in Li 1) tii hy ii : as We ee rial | ; uy : ® Race oi Lai! van iS if lle A WY Pu Ae ae ha i ie Me’ On ' of ee oan ee. Mit TAN HS viii oar oie Rea ae i na, Dg et MU MMT | | : Va) ; tae) Vie + 2 pe * + ie 4 an) sila de ee athe k WA am eT Ph wee iis) i iis yeni “nly np Chieu: MER a q Ab rie =. / ; = ; M4 p Bh ea pe r Ht in - a " om a > A ot . ' i ad iw ia ST es it ; pe 4 iat i ih lie ha his n i bi 1 . ¢€ ’ 7 ; wana wid is wa aa é yi ad tana mi ay ra W Bp wm i A. : ae 4) Vier or ap nate nt 4 ig x Al a a rm rt) ae i Ly lie! cf q e - ‘i Ge i nn vr a ed UI *, mr ol . ev oh a aon Micah Ae ah oe a v7 Any aan) > De #) BA is che eg on i Aa ms ay Le ie ih ui na iM ual is a : i oe ah ee ae jah agi eer ee rea yh Mee, a sf ary ae ; ae. , " fy al wih: i i nan tind ee a A) stalin NPY ; im q a: t Ate pt ' at iy Tine “- a ' De, 7 wen ae) yh me 7 ‘dy a ; lv : 7 | rie bk | | Oa i » as As OF Wik . g a arr ii a i Pe ~~ np He sal rh i. i nem P i ide bgt sat : a ae a 1 i \y M3 peal’ i A ie a 7 : *., 7 z ies a ke regihiy i, 7 re iy en ae hae teh 2) ihe haa | Te o 7 i | i thih ha al " i: nr wy _ - , z M f Ty ee i iv we Ay 7 im iv ‘oll ies ie 4 sa : yey is . a in , my fu eh / vila ie ts ” ” i an : 7 7 TDA ove a) : a iz wy d i, sibs pi vs mnt i aa a - AA! ‘i wv! Nipies oe : .s ae ' a hi ay a) 7 ij ie ibe | e To Bbig Ds : ne : i PA ro be a ; ay CT isl shai ey a i we # | vy 1 ha = Pri 7 a Ai a 7 or nee Oe mie’. ba ithe : ica lk i’ gins Goeth aah, He : ‘dkaier fy ih Winch Bia op i « nl 7 _ 4! mt ui ra Tia ib ni i : Lhe oh 7 aa he i rf wh wine l bi y tty = bia am i = 7 - i Pie, Cw Liens Pe iy i ayy i) y} 1g aki aaj 7 ’ : 1 ee P m= coe ih, vs Vice j — an aoe ad "oN 2 mo), ia a uader eal giant ie Yl ie ime re Sl Ry ei Py Heat es | Re mie bia ee), ty clas aus FT % a ae P im . a yon: Ay yi ini st al wh } ae ins if iy ii LA ay hy" ie * adie aT a i eu a mA yi ithe iit beh mi j -, ® 0 ata p= rr a " it i] mie iy ry " Nie ’ . Min ; a ied a me ! eed ne die 7 is pets i /* lee Han i nt ie po " an i) .. ae) ae fh i ae yA Pie ne at NOH “Ate mT AS i ia ; - 4 . al a o ‘ 2 ne M - i 4 il if Wy g! uP : P OR eae, mae 4 ‘ i ‘ro Li ee | hi AD i we. v7 tha AM, a 7 ee ary mn : eT Pie yy i i We ey ¥ ye ae =H inte As, on * 7 * i ‘Hei my Tae i ae pais hy Ls | aa The wii Ht ou fi mm St Ali oy 6 wth et iy) ian : emt Ail ks we Ail Y ae ate ih: ; : i) bi J aid il L, Be , ey A (ay Hin i tak any ie ae hdd Ke nt i eae lt a Mi ¥ ‘ o ye on dat a a % offi i, j na (3 is y " i) i mn A) ny } i ef ms . re ne Ai } na . Age i" aya WW i Hat 7 An 5 ii 7 m bi an i ni ms ‘a {= i ; , A og. me 5 miki Y i rear my if me iy il co sae ph 4 te one aN r ee si) a y % ie ai my HLaie,: i. ue 1S y 1 yay H : i | | Hu) ne ioe x te ia las ? at vite ie ii) 7, koe i % ih CO 7 i ne ty. o Aliey * ir Dae hi is Oman ORME i ae : ‘a aka! Ws ia HH a ; a yer aA} i ute ‘ ff -, ii} ka j ny nn " | i}: aa, Yd tin a a - i i ‘ sie aa ny: y : 4 ye ; we , mT, m we ele , - 7 ' r ; a ; hes a Le Waa TE ha eh a “ie Cae Su Ms a n » a + a om dia a ihe ne can : ( mn ra aN i " : i f 4, ; f 1h oe q | ry ag ei, : Cah ‘eu rahe é iy i) ie ae a " mii), ine Wis pip y nie ad bail" , il we ah vig hth iil oy fo +t 6 sna a ¢ +ailinn is i, i, i! i - Wf ig ] ; % Rie Ge NG Te g ees i ie in,” eli) Oey: lla (@ - vy 1s \) Di ” : \i i ; a ir 1 : es oe ae hee a he ly 4 ‘ nie Pa ve oP i. Pa). in ‘ iit - mi Te 7 < a We i a! any | D , { qi a tj 7 pee ory i i te Bi!/\\, ia vie oh ml +7 win y) ere oe fi wine i) - ven % ae (a ai) ily faa a ‘ : rs ; : ia JAW, 8 - ; : ‘Ath, aay aro Aaa ae. Nia » altel . "s oe Unt A a ay 7 ie Nits hi OG a ak i “ah i?) i ave ath ay: - a aa | Lk ne wn te hi it ae: + i ae ; iF A he mh ae Pe, ann mine ie ene s a: oe ae - a ay’ me Dye i Siti ai / ay 4 0% Ay, Mhz ne ie Cee : a = } i cn 7 ; a _ _e "s uy «J Mf” Say Del. » 7 C.Tiebout Seadp. DELPHINULA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell spiral, subdiscoidal or conic, umbilicated; whorls rough, foliaceous or angulated on the surface ; aperture orbicular, entire ; labia united, often fringed or furnished with a peristome. OBSERVATIONS. Linné referred the Jaciniata and distorta, the only spe- cies known to him, to the genus Turso, in consequence of the rotundity of the aperture ; but Lamarck separated them, and with a number of new species, chiefly fossil, formed the present group. Lamarck observes that they “evidently approach the ScaLarue,” and among them, we also see species, of which the spire is loose, and the volu- tions separate. In addition to the above mentioned spe- cies, Lamarck gives one or two others and about ten fossil ones. Defrance enumerates about thirty species. PLATE VII. DELPHINULA? LAXA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Whorls all separate and distinct. SYNONYM. De.LpHinuta LAxA. Nobis. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. Vv. p. 207. DESCRIPTION. Shell regularly spiral, subovate, nearly glabrous, whitish, slightly tinged with dull yellowish: whorls rounded, per- fectly disjoined throughout, rapidly attenuated to the apex : a dilated, rugous, shallow groove on the line of the umbi- licus: aperture oval-orbicular, with an acute edge. OBSERVATIONS. ‘This very remarkable shell was sent to me for exami- nation by the late Mr. Stephen Elliot of Charleston, who found but a single specimen on Sullivan’s island ; it must therefore be considered very rare. On a first view I was inclined to refer it to the genus VeRMETUS, in consequence of the separated nature of the volutions, and the broken apex of the spire, but a more careful examination exhibited the broad rugous groove, PLATE VII. analogous to that in the umbilicus of many shells, and seemed to shew its more close alliance with the present gerius. Can it be a monstrosity of a Narrca, as the Cornu of Born is said to be a malformation of Hetrx aspersa, Mull. ?. Or is it in reality a De_parvsa or Cirrus? However this may be I take the earliest opportunity to present a figure for the determination of Naturalists. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. “ The plate presents a back and front view of the shell. PLATE VII. B at atte -" foam Ss et " ta Biay A wh tn ‘hora iy ia \ an : > baw = ie ry ape <5 “sn 88 ysis Sani ation i “age ng: inet 4 At Apia = = a — iP te é 7 a a ee, ~ | & — 7 _" @ : ve 7 uJ - . - i 7 i 7 7 ia ¢ ee : © ee ares © ov wert | rt ya ba im Thue caval YW. wee dl ’ 7 TRI < es mph Ayer aria Segarra ye: SC Daren o A. ao cy ) _ it 7” — | — - -. a Mek { a etal CTivbout Scat. M™ Sav Del. MELANIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell turrited, rather thick, covered by an epidermis; spire generally elongated ; aperture ovate or oblong, longer than broad, acute above; labrum simple, acute, prominent near the base and rather abruptly retracted at its junction with the base of the columella, and not united above to the labium ; columella destitute of a fold, arquated to- wards the base; operculum corneous; umbilicus none. OBSERVATIONS. Before Lamarck perceived the necessity of establishing this group, some of the species were variously arranged. Linné, Lister, Schroeter. and others, considered them as belonging to Helix; Muller to Nerita and Buccinum ; Bruguiére to Bulimus,and Chemnitz referred one species to Strombus. The genus differs from Helix, Lymneus. &e., by having an operculum as in Paludina, Ampularia, and Valvata, and from these, in addition to other differen- tial traits it may be distinguished by the disunion above of the labia. It strongly resembles Melanopsis, Pirena and Potamides, but these are distinctly and unequivocally emarginated at base. ‘The animal respires water; it has a short, conic-cylin- dric, obtuse rostrum ; two acute tentacula having the eyes _ at their exterior base ; foot short and obtuse. PLATE VIII. op They are inhabitants of fresh water, chiefly in the tro- pical regions; but many species are very abundant in the rivers, lakes and small streams of the United States. No recent ones have been found in Europe, but several have occurred fossil in comparatively recent formations. No fossil species have yet been found in this country. La- marck described sixteen recent and twelve fossil species ; but Defrance enumerates thirty-six species. MELANIA NUPERA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. From one to four or more revolving series of tubercles. DESCRIPTION. Shell oblong suboval: voluéions five, slightly rounded : body whorl with about three revolving series of subequal, equidistant, granules or tubercules, not higher than wide, occupyimg the superior portion of the surface ; second vo- lution with but two series; remaining volutions with slightly elevated, longitudinal lines instead of tubercles, often obsolete: spire decorticated towards the tip: suture not deeply impressed: aperture longer or as long as the spire; sinus of the superior angle profound: dabium con- cave, with a callus near the superior angle : columella with a slight, obtuse, hardly prominent angle above the incipi- ent sinus, which is obvious: /abrum not abbreviated above, nor much produced near the base. PLATE VIUil. OBSERVATIONS. This species is common in the Wabash river. The spire is almost invariably so much decorticated, that no trace of the longitudinal lines remains; in the young only are the lines distinct, and even in these they are sometimes obso- lete or altogether wanting. It varies in the number of its series of tubercles, some specimens having but one, and others, though these are rare, as many as five or six. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The upper figures represent the shell in two positions The middle figure exhibits the young shell. MELANIA DEPYGIS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Body whorl yellowish, with two equidistant, revolving, rufous lines. DESCRIPTION. Shell oblong, conic-ovate, not remarkably thickened : spire as long as the aperture, or rather longer, often much eroded, with a broad, revolving, rufous line near the su- ture, occupying a considerable portion of the surface: whorls about five, hardly rounded: sufwre moderately im- PLATE VIII. % pressed : body whorl yellowish, with two rufous, revolving lines equidistant from the suture, base and each other, the superior one broader, and its locality a little flatter than the general curvature : aperture ovate, acute above, mode- rately dilated: dabtum with calcareous deposite, particu- larly above: labrum not projecting near the base, nor ar- quated near its junction with the second volution: base regularly rounded. DESCRIPTION. I found this species, in great abundance, on the Rocky flats at the Falls of the Ohio, where they were left by the subsiding of the river, in company with numerous other shells. In old specimens the spire is very much eroded, exhibiting a white, irregular surface. It varies a little in colour, and a few occurred, of which the colour is fuscous, the bands being obsolete. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The two lowest figures present different views of the ehell. PLATE Vili. a oe ee y werernen | e ee | es OS a ae a oy ae ry vv on ig“ Py y eo. ‘ : 1 ey) a sie ~ i. et a YT: vow r ‘ ale : ‘ a os r Tl ah ei she i ml ne) e or ut in ial hom A vary * rs ia ie i mal “oF . 7, ha 7 - : isle my“ ied ey jab 54 oii: tag) ee 4 vill pave " ‘o i ad alae a ’ . “4 ” i " tin ae were am a. ee Ve ca eee is eee) Cae itis tO sec po otaag - 4 ir be Oe gmt a it 7.) a. 4 les Bp oy es = ie y 7 ae ¥ aki - a Sa) ms vie mt ster ar ay he vides \ ea. } SS aes ‘ - ro ; ae a eee nt ee sie a yt tas vd a pea ( me te ‘ wen! | on g rah i ‘aes io rn) | ie (om % a ¥ om) bikes pbta:'¢e Ph : (el Cs iiniatt al s ._ _ae " ert ‘ a i: iui). a 7 b. Be A a aon ei a At i (re rie 7 F , _ Re SS ae ae + er! eee ae Fs aly 1 — ae a Cran t er — | ue ei ae J we Tr vt tei ot iar ne Ns a i BP ay UA aa a a, om F a A j p Wis ae dani ... ae ; pias F i ‘eae hs “BEY ie. wae. Oe Ae } le Bae d sa he Oe.) ae 4 4 - i. . Yee 2. cae, ; ” ee Ne ah r oe WF iy ‘a : -' ae sled a ny y we na ie Zz , aren . (ae a P i. ae ae 2 nei i ae " a 7 bi), me Le UM et) 2 Md ap a or } he, fe ¥ aa it il Og “eel ey " a ‘ a th a Pi: a ba = " , hag _ or oy) een ‘, j oe © -. ob) ay ae oh eh ee ae Neier: re wr) wy 1? ‘ yt Lev A , om" . f su ," “7 2 a a mee @ be f ie as mA at wy wo a 4 Ba oe re , ate ; ne ea bb Yo ang aid Oda ay al . ia ov is Pe z hy J . % 4 : p ware ' ie al ay, ‘2 a ik, ae | jis nd & ae af gare? ae eee? > af a — er: ee ae = a 77 aA 2. Ms b . =» ¥ p : we ae ye Rp er ow wot wie ervey, is |, a if i ee A ws - | on) wey z i Vas i ary 'y oa ears Fie s ar AN Sat a , _ . . eT mitt. ») 1% Aas) "ua ae Fare «A hs See co -_ bah i’ a . rer. 4 apd =. ¥ bie he ne? Pee ; ate | J a “f ie is i ve —_— i ae pe oe om "o le gd Thu = PAN ma a —“e 7 | a silliness ea yids Pld: Te Tis a ‘* t f ‘ 7 ae a mn i a ee wt aa ee a ae er eth y v | ag - ity og vin , —.. ieee) al nf oa RE wer ae | 7 my ha a Al * : ‘ y i J 4a ae LL: wore wily yee . ane “ ig” a. “i 7 Ah 4 ll ae’ , _ | se in A tes "eae ' wor me 4 a Pa At ini jaa |, a. aL ‘ i | ee 7 1 +) jl - = i) . a ge br Ve ll sane Mo ane ia ‘7 py >) vn ah “ he he Ane a, “ oa ip noly a Yr "1 we ~ at iu \ r — Ds — “ " ~~ tn, 5 a i P eve 7 i m ah - z Ad yon a’ dg A “ * na ne Sly a. line * ie A r wa ce Pee Bh vee! J Say “Wg ie ee i a - ee re ‘an fp) a id tf oe i “iT * oll A , 4 = a ail j f i . wR ‘ ; i : A we . re y i r ene rer fry am Almay PA - — = a - AN we 7 me : * at f " ws os the is m {hy wa Pe: says pin P ” " r os neg ea e J fa . : — et eegey, el Reise “a isang ya oie aa Ai seeds .’ wi q t iil wo " i SS -_ i aid 7 ie Almay w " we ~ tee “i ay yo yi yin yes an je ad 7 7 q i ‘ - ae keg ie , J ee tae i i Py a. “= . ee ' a: a ee bea: si et! Pees & Rita eet ee : onTer a inom ae a vin rT. Uae Tar we if Pint y Ldn _ ee ae fa Ay Met ae eat. 2e —_ a bay a. ae Oh Oe te ais BEM mt: a se i? Ae ‘i aon a inne ‘7 we, ve i Be ps Like a Pax 2 wag Ds : i . a OF ae ta ae Miesry ae ho ee al rye! ‘ =» i cae 7h _ 7 4 7 . ~ "f Mid mt ae rt iy "i igh: a La P en it a) i ties +” ms)? sit Wiese eid ia : ted ya! , v La ¥ ‘ ; ie : ¥ oe, Pica Tey s° a a fie ih -«F - woe ai Y. ay

7 at Al Se ee ae i ae? : my : wer" ny ‘ae — Yat Perc all ML? Savy Del. 9) CTrcbont Soudp. LUTRARIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell equivalve, inzequilateral, transversely oblong or subovate, gaping at the extremities, particularly at the posterior extremity; cardinal teeth two, of which one is doubled in the shape of a V, the other simple, with a large deltoid cavity situated obliquely near the teeth; lateral teeth none ; ligament internal, inserted in the cardinal ca- vities, not visible when the shell is closed ; muscular im- pressions two, lateral, remote, simple ; impression of the mantle extending to the muscular impressions and having a large and profound sinus extending nearly half its length. OBSERVATIONS. Lamarck separated this group from the Linnean Mac- tree, from which it is essentially distinct by the absence of lateral teeth as well as by other less striking characters. The animal has a large fleshy cylinder, containing two tubes, one for respiration and the other evacuation, situated at the posterior extremity. The foot is small and com- pressed, placed at the opposite extremity or near it. It is a littoral genus, inhabiting estuaries and near the mouths of rivers. Blainville unites this genus with Licguia Leach, under the generic name Lurricota. Lamarck describes eleven recent and one fossil species. PLATE IX. LUTRARIA LINEATA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Posterior margin with a reflected edge and submarginal carinated line. SYNONYM. LuTRARIA LINEATA. JVobis. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. iv. p. 310. LurTrariA PAPYRACEA? Lam. Anim.sans Vertebr. vol. v. p. 470. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely suboval, thin, whitish tinged with fer- ruginous: posterior hiatus patulous; anterior hiatus linear and commencing below the hinge slope: hinge slope with a rectilinear profile, and flattened, oblong, subcordate sur- face: valves unequally wrinkled: posterior margin round- ed, shorter than the opposite margin, with a reflected edge, and submarginal carinated line; behind the middle of the disk and some distance before the elevated line is a broad vitta of hardly perceptible longitudinal lines: within a lit- tle undulated, posterior margin glabrous, with an obtusely indented, submarginal line, corresponding with the exteri- or carinated one. PLATE IX. OBSERVATIONS. The elevated line of the posterior submargin and the re- flected posterior. edge are very characteristic, distinguish- ing this species from all others, excepting the figure 2 of the plate on Lutraria in the second volume of Mr. Sower- by’s excellent work on the “Genera of Recent and Fossil Shells.” Our shell is much shorter on the posterior end than his figure, which he refers with doubt to the papyra- cea of Lamarck ; a difference which, however, may be at- tributable to an mequality of age, as it becomes more elon- gated anteriorly in the older shell. Whether or not the present species is the same as that of Lamarck we cannot at present determine, but it is without doubt closely allied to it. Still, however, it does not agree with the figure in the Encycl. Meth. 257, fig. 2, a. b., quoted by Lamarck. The /ineata is not uncommon on the southern coasts, particularly on those of Georgia and East Florida, but we have not yet found it so far north as Newjersey. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. An outer and inner view are represented. PLATE IX. E “ a ” an ae ™~ . | a a a oa ' sg p ry fern ae ph edu gt i t ee r od 10 nail he va pes ‘ M® Say Del LO CLiebout Sculp. PALUDINA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell fluviatile, conical, subovate or suboval, covered by an epidermis; spire moderate; whorls convex; aperture longer than broad, angulated above, simply rounded at base; labrum simple, acute, united above to the extrem- ity of the labium ; labium simply arquated; operculum corneus or coriaceous, suborbicular, slightly angulated above. OBSERVATIONS. The species of this genus were widely separated from each other by former authors, and referred to the Genera Felix, Turbo, Bulimus, Nerita, and Cyclostoma; but La- marck selected and embodied them under the present de- signation, and they now constitute a natural group. They may be distinguished from Cyclostoma by the simple labrum, as well as by other characters of the shell, as also of the animal, from Melania by the simple curva- ture of the labrum at base, and from Valvata by the form of the aperture which is not angulated above in that genus. The animal has two linear-acute tentacula, with the eyes at their exterior base ; anterior part of the body with a small membranaceous wing on each side, the right one is “recurved in a small canal, which introduces the water into the respiratory cavity ;” “the branchia are composed of parcels of filaments, which are attached to the sides of PLATE xX. died the branchial cavity,” and are altogether internal, a cha- racter which distinguishes them from the animal of Val- vata. | ‘They inhabit fresh waters and are very common in al- most all our lakes and streams. As they respire water, they do not so uniformly reside near the water’s edge as the Lymnex, which respire air only. Like them, many of the species, if not all, have the power to swim at the sur- face ina reversed posture, the foot being applied to the surface, and the shell bemg downward. Lamarck describes seven recent species, and Defrance enumerates five fossil ones. PALUDINA DECISA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Aperture more than half the length of the shell, within bluish-white. SYNONYMS. CocHLEA VIRGINIANA 6 FLAVA VIRIDESCENS, NON FASCI- ATA, Lister Conch. tab. 127, fig. 27. Prriver GAzornyt.. tab. 106, fig. 18. Patupina pucisa. Nobis. Nicholson's Eincyel. (Amer, edition) article Conchology, pl. 2, fig. 6. PLATE X. DESCRIPTION. Shell subconic-oval, olivaceous, generally truncated at the apex: whorls five, wrinkled across, and banded with minute, distant striz : swtwre deeply impressed and con- spicuous: aperture subovate, more than half the length of the shell; within bluish-white: operculum elevated on the disk, concentrically striated, coriaceous. ‘Inimal with the foot large, suddenly a little dilated each side before, and widely truncate in front: foot livid, thick- ly maculated with irregular orange spots, which are much smaller beneath: head and ¢enfacula spotted with orange : eyes On a prominent angle at the exterior base of the ten- tacula. OBSERVATIONS. The young shell resembles the subcarinata, Nob., Ni- chols. Ene., but the whorls are destitute of an elevated line, the suture is not so deeply impressed, and the aper- ture is narrow above. I found the animal viviparous in October; the young shell had then three complete whorls, which were spirally striated. The species is very common in various parts of the Un- ion. Dillwin informs us that Muller and others have in- correctly quoted Lister’s figure for their Helix angularis. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The upper and lower figures represent the shell of the natural size, PLATE X. PALUDINA VIVIPARA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. With about three reddish-brown revolving lines. SYNONYMS. CocHLEA VIVIPARA FASCIATA. Furvyratrus. Laster Conch., tab. 126, fig. 26. Henrx vivieara. Linn., Gmel. and others. ’ Nerira vivieara. Muller Verm., p. 182. CycLosToma viyipara. Draparn., pl. 1, fig. 16. La viviearE aBANDES. Geoff. Cuvier. PaLUDINA yvivipARA. Lam. Anim. sans Vertebr., vol. vi., 2nd part, p. 173. Nobis. Nicholson’s Ene. DESCRIPTION. Shell subconic, with about five, rounded whorls: szfwre impressed : colour olivaceous, more or Jess pale, with three reddish-brown bands, of which the middle one is gene- rally smallest; spire with but two bands: aperture subor- bicular. OBSERVATIONS. This appears to be one of the many species, that are common to North America and Europe. And though the specimens from the two continents differ a little, yet this PLATE X. difference is so slight as not to be specific. Cuvier remarks that “the female produces living young, which are found in its oviducts, in the spring, in every state of develope- ment. Spallanzani assures us, that the young, taken at the moment of their birth and nourished separately, re- produce without fecundation, like those of the Aphis. The males are nearly as common as the females, their genera- tive organ is exserted and retracted, as in Helix, by a hole pierced in the right tentaculum, which causes this tenta- culum to appear larger than the other. By this character the male is easily known.” The vivipara is far less common than the decisa, and seems to be more usually found in the southern part of the Union. Mr. Elliott of Charleston sent me two speci- mens from the banks of St. John’s river, Florida, and Capt. Leconte presented me with one, which he obtained at Lake George on the same river. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The two middle figures exhibit the shell in two positions. PLATE X. 4 hubs 44 % oe ERRATUM. In the Observations on Unio Ridibundus, for “ flagellatue, Nob.” read sulea- tus, hea. : “6 we Vou. 1. No. If. Price $1,50, coloured. AMERICAN CONCHOLOGY, & OR DESCRIPTIONS oF THE SHELLS OF NORTH AMERICA. ILLUSTRATED BY COLOURED FIGUBES FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS EXECUTED FROM NATURE. CONTENTS. Anodonta suborbiculata, - - - . pl. xi Fulgur pyruloides, - - . - - xix GJandina truncata, - - . - - - Xxx Helix albolabris, - . - oe - xiid ” thyroidus, ~ . - _ . ; a Nucula conceutrica, - - - - < xii ‘ levis, - - ~ - z '. ” Ne limatula, - - . : “ oe Solecurtus costatus, - - - - - = zviit Unio ubruptus, - - - - - xvi »” ellipsis, « 5 ‘ . 3 xiv * gubtentus, - - - - - - xv ”” undulatus, - - - - - - xvi NEW-HARMONY, INDIANA. Printed at the School Press. APRITT, 1221. Se a i re rr muy, ws? iii ue itt pith eh ak Oh dal ia — M” Say Del. Mh C.Tiebout Seuly ANODONTA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell equivalve, inequilateral, transverse, regular ; hinge margin linear, without teeth having asinus before ; liga- ment external, elongated, terminating in the anterior sinus ; muscular impressions two, remote, posterior one com-_ pound. OBSERVATIONS. These are shells of rather large size, residing in fresh water streams and lakes. They are generally perlaceous within and greenish on the exterior. Although the gene- ra Anodonta and Unio are closely allied, yet the species were widely separated by Linné who referred those of the present genus to Mytilus, whilst those of Unio he associa- ted with the Myz ; but an arrangement so artificial could not escape Bruguiéres. He perceived their affinities, and grouped them under the above mentioned denominations. Several other allied genera have been formed by subse- quent naturalists, distinguished from the present by the ex- istence of either cardinal or lamellar teeth, with the excep- tion however of Iridina of Lamarck, which has an elonga- ted, linear, crenulated hinge and was placed by Bruguicres in Anodonta, to which indeed it is intimately linked by the I. nilotica. Ferussac, in his Tableaux Syst., included all the genera of this family in four, viz. Anodonta, Hyria, Unio, and Castalia. Sowerby has since proposed to retain PLATE XI. F Unio only, and, as Ferussac had already done, to consider the other genera as subgenera. Blainville describes the animal nearly thus: Body large, thick, more or less oval; mantle thickened on the margin, simple or fringed, and excepting on the back, open all around; anus oval, distinct; a kind of small incomplete tube, furnished with two ranges of cirri, for the respiratory cavity ; foot very large, compressed, lamelliform. The principal! naturalists and anatomists have been de- cidedly of opinion that the animals of this family are her- - Maphrodites; but Mr. Prevost of Geneva affirms that he observed, in some individuals of the Unio pictorum, the ex- istence of spermatic animalcule, which he could not per- ceive in those which contained eggs. He therefore infer- red that the sexes were distinct. ‘This led Blainville to a reexamination of the subject: he dissected about forty in- dividuals of the genera Unio and Anodonta, without discov- ering any indications that could lead him to suppose the existence of the male sex; still however he is in doubt, and we are very much inclined to believe, with Ferussac, that Prevost may be right, but that more observations and ob- servers are required fully to establish this disputed point, although Baer has gone far towards even this object.— Treviranus also made some interesting observations on this subject,an account of which he published in the Zeitsch. fur Physiol. in 1824. He was of the opinion that the same organ produced both the ova and the fecundating fluid. He however remarks that he found, at the season of exclu- ding their eggs, many that were entirely destitute of them. Some naturalists have changed the designation of this genus to Anodon, as being more rigidly correct. PLATE XI. ANODONTA SUBORBICULATA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Suborbicular, a little winged. DESCRIPTION. Ovate-orbicular, rather compressed; pale olivaceous tinted with flesh colour; with very slender, almost capil- lary, and very numerous, obsolete greenish radii; some- times with more or less obvious, transverse, yellowish bands towards the base ; beaks not elevated above the general sur- face, with two or three rows of very small tubercles: hinge margin nearly rectilinear, compressed behind, and. anteri- orly compressed almost into a wing: ligament, particular- ly in the young specimen, concealed: posterior margin rounded: anterior margin a little prominent, obtusely an- gulated ; basal margin much arquated : within undulated almost as obviously as on the exterior; pale bluish, varied with pale flesh colour, and somewhat iridescent before and behind: cicatrices slightly impressed. Length about four inches. Breadth five and three-tenths. Convexity nearly one inch and three quarters. A large and fine species. Some time since, Mr. O. Ey- ans obtained an individual, which I hesitated to publish as new, thinking it might possibly be a young remote variety of the A. grandis, Nob. but subsequently, having receiv- ed adult and perfect specimens from Mr. Evans, I found that it is uniformly longer, more rounded, much more PLATE XI. compressed, and having a different aspect. It is found in ponds, near the Wabash river, but rarely if ever, in the river itself, as it prefers still water and a muddy bottom. In form it approaches nearer to orbicular, than any other species that we have seen described. An American conchologist was of the opinion that all our Anodontas are referrible to one species ; but we con- ceive that the present species, cannot with more propriety be united with the cataracta and marginata, Nob., not to mention the more elongated species, than the various spe- cies of Unio can be considered as no other than U. picta, L. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Upper figure is the inner view. Middle figure—exterior view. Lower figure—dorsal view. PLATE XI. an all a ene eer hides ISM eT are ie ‘lal aah ay dail ri he Ba ct Pa) i lh i a me au P hay i) of "Carvery 7 muy ri i hia sii *; i i halal i x its ; i “ ies oe ‘a 7 th i eae a Lea PLA en ey . ult ae oo al # fi ah hy ie Ne Me Wace He iy aim iy, ia a aE ea Ani ., tel pied saiegll co a ties al hee ee il esi a yay am i alias i ne OP he ane picky! er wr a Me ve saa P iil! ‘dd Poa ; “ nt ah Hii Wh bas bi Ai: J § mae ct dy re iF “ a Mass hal ed , : ve ¢ | ae ae oe Y ha Me: r ie ea r - 7 Re ny A Wy * ie ene ‘iat ae i my vy fp mab _ iy r o: a, abc Mee wn ol dish A ef An ia. ane ie 7 Walia a ies rh } | i a id 5 . Hi iT in ¢ a He i i? ia ial : os nip) 7 ver aha ee. . i 1 : i; ¥ ’ ies Shas heh ‘ , iia dill og fs. Mr’ woh tine ast ¥ vu mS “4 au 7 ie rn He vin i : i= ae rh, Bete A a i : ay ew on i ‘i ae x 4 PY i ; ; aot At tes ee aa ine i ee Lansid id iat araieaa ioe P Raper an hi i) Ce He i y Hei Mm mas ie yi : epi a . 7 " i a i 7 } oe ih, i 7} oh ie an AL oo cis diate is a * x j ot 4 - jas os ‘ ‘i ne ie is ii a) ry Ni ay i 7 7 a i: or hey T, ee i any ™" oe a ‘ al 7 a ive Lo, - 6! 4 7 én Nee bine j Tia Bo ‘4 Ue } Wh Pe ‘a - oy ; as : hae” Saas, - A m it ait ih A ue a id i m9 ‘a ny ‘ it 70 , - ' : mn ore vi bd ae ae i Alf a hana er on : wi [as 7k ae mer y vd Wy 7 ( om ‘ oh “ ¥ zy vs i 7 ‘ei nt 5 ie ‘ ce a one ee (as i‘ a ee ae ae i oa hae ae . ara nid Ht y li Bia Has hi oi ny he i q a 7 as Ai ale. , = ft : ' i ap r 7 7 R ie Hl a ee - ; i a Loe a j : i; re pie nD ee uA ie nin th iid" aa ee. 4 " hy ee iP Nt aaa | (i) | es on oT ae , kui a. aie Ti Jeph ns wo i. pe yorey ] oa 1 AL mi x ee ia 4) aioe vei at a : a seis ae pu we . 1 y y, vial aii ia intl i i} ie 9 , a ; rh ; re) "y an Dewar" rh Fa A Ai ” “oY FI Age eyes Pel” Eaten (pe mie We or nae DF me MRE Reg heete wie! Viele a mig Prtrne he Sond: ; (ee re ’ : all =a c van : ; it) a 7 ca 7 " aN rh . o iar cae a ™ r - Pt 7, ane F : 7 53! > ae Bh) - un pat a wv) = y ? he) m ' Cay) he ary 0 Ai 2 es , pies : > A + ua eu wk De et : 7 u : fi : fa ; A Por Ve aT) y & yl ibe iy . as Wi i Vv 7 7 a ¢ ; * a a : is ye y tt 7 ’ t: C =F) ae Te 7 wa iz - es wes ¥ ae = vi . atl | a 7 A ey ae - | ‘5 aie . : 3 : _— ', ; : 2) ¥ ain 1 ibe a 7 / i < i We 7 mt. : 7 t . oie ei. | : a a i ‘ ~~ ys ailig i wie a he tS a; ut a ; _ enienilt arc? ee bt A Aine ics YT ae >? an “yO! } b hs Af ; mi on j eg Mahe a e ui le 7 ’ 2 as y - ce ‘wat ‘Vib é 6 [ / hie - + caer - i Ay d oh 4 He a a Pilg ‘ vaca iy ‘i v an eae ie eee ; ie - i ie pa; re . wo wee oy | . ; wv ¢ ma iG, iF Ai ait ha alll fii oe ha iy y _* - = . a! y aq? 7 a ve a. te ee a ee ee nL onee Ah aba. of se" ae Vee aes ie tats ee ony iar i i we ya H . Tt Se. _ % > iy) | i n f P, _ if : a) P ; Ps ae of Dine “at a A sda ae Ay ie vias 4 wt ; a ae ai 7 “ ‘ ie 4 iv ny at Wi + 7 a ; a) gh le Bee: } - j My an A wT Rl We ot a \ : Py . : ce we ha n ‘sh ts > Th re. Win I hy i am aH Ly ne ite ms oh ite - - : he 7 ' , ; - : js roe aa i pil a 2 4-4 co \ |) re, ol a b adic = a ice i ay iS Meme oe, eee & 1 tees i aa v ’ Sark 2 i G ine hes ivan "7 “ far “| Wha | vp ied ie WUC Wc i J i" hs He Ca i ay rye if ms 1 GM) fe fa a hives * oc, vee ae pes a Fut alk, ; ene a Le Ue? Mary vr ae i "4! yh ; ( ie 7 He ae ee _ one an ma A as, i a iy . mat” 6 ae : se a, v4 7 ah i ny 7 Pa th Da 4 te sy a are Be file fil a ae ae ic, he eli fei hy Vi a =! : we) > ll 7 . P] se a) fae Thy,00e Le Ls ii, + cil A (s youd " vie i 7 : a] i: Le 7 Ri i iv ae ra -» ph . at a . + Wigs Paice eee et ue sili ithPoaal ai ae iiss | ® My i aad , a i Vaya Wye 7 er ; eg ¢ aia, of ma ‘ie pat ae 4) i wae 3 a A) 7! te. f iP ; ay Ht of ‘Pi - a oo ig * ey wn a: wn iv a gh a0 Iie) as ae eee brava ipie ih os eer Lien ‘a. a1 : y iA) 1 ; : Dit ne [ ‘Mee Au! rw fi ane a : ake Hi, iy io : uf Pie ite wy 7 xr ul), " f shal, ; 7. er nl on pi 4 . , ae y ae Me pa ron : ie Se ei ai " tip we . ee : i 7 x le ny MN iechaLy © Rye ae Tei ae’ * 7s) e : oa a hig ie eo a ya i 1 7 1 i I ier ” \: 1) rm : J a) ty " t ‘ 5 § ie Vii PR Pe i * ihe rr i oe. 14 oe ee : ou, f > lee Away ¥ L > ais i 7 mn sg ) ; r ue bi A a Li nau a a 20 i 7 op weet, eo we. a - i Mi malik mn a - el ay | be he AP ra 4 ae iw ast bh inh mM my 7 ‘SOs aad iC ay Ae sn Ps hale Hawn ae 4 , - fy ; y Di ie . ah 7 iuem : i; ‘eur ee aud ia f ny Paw all PN m Ligne si e : } bai i a . ay is al | Pi Cte ie , ‘i ya a Lae ie an a ee Viet lwl heli Ane! matt ag 03 pir nee ae op! a 7s 7 a) ane i 7 , U id < yarn oF ey | > rae Ta\ Perr mre" a he Me x2 : earey Sue Lie a> Vis as “ny Aa Sry Del. CTizbout See NUCULA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell transverse, equivalved, inequilateral; summits contiguous; hinge with a primary, more or less triangular fosset for the reception of the ligament, with an anterior and posterior series of small, inserted, numerous, pectinate teeth, interrupted at the summit by the fosset ; ligament internal, very short, inserted into the fosset; muscular im- pressions two, simple. OBSERVATIONS. A genus connected with Arca, Pectunculus, Cucullea, and Trigonia, but eminently distinguished by the ligament being interior ; which, as has been remarked by Sowerby, proves their relation to the Mactracee. Many species are known. Lamarck described six recent and the same number of fossil species; Sowerby four fossil and one recent; De- france enumerates twelve fossil, and we have published two recent and two fossil species. Of all these the tellinoides, Sowerby and lanceolata, Lam. appear to be the largest. The inhabitants are thus described by Blainville: Body subtriquetrous ; mantle open on its inferior half only, the margins entire, denticulated on the whole length of the back, without posterior elongations ; foot very large, thin at its origin, dilated in a large oval disk, the margins of which are furnished with tentacular digitations ; anterior PLATE XU. buccal appendices very long, pointed, rigid, and applied against each other like a kind of jaws; the posteriors equally rigid, and vertical. NUCULA LIMATULA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Oblong-ovate, rostrated, pellucid; beaks subcentral, not elevated ; margin entire. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely elongated subovate, green olive, near- ly pellucid, smooth, polished, with slight indulations of in- crement: beaks not prominent above the curve of the hinge margin; Ainge margin anteriorly abruptly com- pressed ; the compression not reaching the tip; rectiline- ar nearly to the tip which is a little recurved; posteriorly almost regularly, but obtusely arquated: posterior margin regularly rounded: anterior margin somewhat rostrated, not truncated: within a little perlaceous: margin entire: line of the teeth slightly interrupted and a little angulated at the fosset, extending more than two thirds of the length of the shell, rectilinear before and behind: feeth promi- nent, numerous, acute, much angulated at their bases and longer than the breadth of their bases: fosseé triangular, short, rather small, and but little oblique. PLATE XII. OSERVATIONS. This pretty species was presented to me by Nuttall as having been taken from the stomach of a fish at Nahant, Massachusetts. It resembles the N. fluviatilis, Schroter, and the N. ros- trata, Montague, but the rostrum is not truncated and the summit is more central than in those species. It is still more Closely related to N. Levis, Nob., but it is proportion- ably a little longer, and in that species the posterior series of teeth is a little arquated and the compressed anterior hinge margin extends quite to the tip. I must say how- ever that I have seen but a single specimen, and but a sin- gle valve of the present shell. The N. arctica, Gray, which this might be supposed to resemble, is said to be “ posticé brevi, oblique truncato.” REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Upper figure—exterior of a yalve. Middle figure—back of a valve. Lower figure—inside of a valve. PLATE XIl. For comparison I add, from the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, the following description and figure of N. levis, and also those of a smaller and quite distinct fossil species. NUCULA LAVIS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Transversely elongate-subovate, rostrated, nearly smooth. SYNONYM. Nucuta uxvis. Nobis. Jour. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. iv. p- 141. DESCRIPTION. Shell compressed, thin, fragile, polished, smooth, slight- ly wrinkled towards the base: beaks nearly central, a little prominent beyond the hinge margin, rounded, approxi- mate: series of teeth subrectilinear, a little arquated be- hind; teeth prominent: Ainge margin exteriorly both be- fore and behind the beaks rather abruptly compressed, the anterior compression extending from the beaks to the tip: posterior margin rounded : anferior margin somewhat rostrated, the anterior hinge margin rectilinear, very little reflected at tip: inner margin simple. Length nearly half an inch, breadth nearly one inch. This shell may be compared with the N. pellucida, Gmel. but it is shorter in proportion to its width, and the beaks are nearer the centre. The beaks are more prominent than in Limatula, and the base is more arquated. It is a fossil species and was found by Mr. John Finch in Maryland. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The right figures represent the outer and inner view of the shell. PLATE XIt. + te - Lee ee ee ee Se See ae, EY Way oe wl es « ~ s NUCULA CONCENTRICA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Transversely elongate-subovate, rostrated, concentrical- ly striated. . SYNONYM. Nucuna concentrica. Nobis. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. iv, p. 141, pl. 10, fig. 6. DESCRIPTION. Shell convex: rostrwmn considerably narrowed towards the tip: surface concentrically striated with numerous, regular, equidistant, rounded lines: beaks rather behind the middle: ligament margin a little concave; series of teeth angulated at the beaks. OBSERVATIONS. The regularly striated surface gives this shell a very pretty appearance. In outline it has some resemblance to the rostrata. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The left hand figures exhibit the exterior and interior views. PLATE XIl. . G , sas we 2 GaN sW sah reget Bath. antenr aor + Mor 7009 Moe. AS eats j soa om wee = fs ~s ra Dee aia . es 3) to slid siete t a Sabie Passes si aul ws Vi seid oe a per igh mii ah ae ae ees snes ar re atc a The eh 18 a ye ido “vosnintin ata wr ai tgs fa i Py. bial 4 aa . t ie ; oe : La ee ts 4 i ¥ ¢ $s} , a . ~ , LES ay Del. 4 PS CTrvebout Scugp a, HELIX. % GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell univalve, free, subglobular, convex or somewhat conic. Aperture entire, wider than long, more or less ob- lique, a little contracted by receiving a part of the convex- ity of the preceding yolution, which also widely separates the lips. Animal hermaphrodite with four retractile tentacula, which are filiform or cylindrical ; anterior pair short ; pos- terior pair much longer, oculiferous at tip: spiracle on the right side of the neck, near the anus, and another pore which contains the organs of reproduction: they respire air only. OBSERVATIONS. This is a universal, and if I may use the expression, a cosmopolite genus. The species are exceedingly nume- rous; in fayourable situations some of them are multiplied almost to infinity, and become very destructive to cultiva- ted plants. So formidable are they in this respect in some parts of Europe, that many devices are practised to destroy them. In North America they do not multiply to an inju- rious extent and I have never known a garden or an or- chard, in which their depredations attracted the preven- tive attention of the cultivator. They attain to their greatest magnitude and beauty in PLATE XIII. tropical climates and seemed to be repelled only by the in- hospitable rigor of the polar regions. Notwithstanding this wide range over the globe, they may be recalled to mind, wherever the English language is spoken, by the name of Snail shells, and from their beau- ty and diversity of forms, many persons who at first collec- — ted them for ornament, have been led by that cireumstance to devote their attention to this interesting science. — The genus Helix, as originally instituted by Linné, consisted of an unnatural assemblage of species of various characters, habits and conformation. ‘Those that reside on the land and respire air only by means of a spiracle lead- . ing toa cavity for respiration, lined witha plexus of ‘pul- monary vessels, were associated with such as reside wholly in the water, and with others that are amphibious, as un- like in their external character as m their anatomical struc- ture. It was in reality a great reservoir for Molluscous an- imals that correspond in some general appearances, all of which his generic definition, however comprehen- sive, could not include. ‘The present ‘more natural con- dition of this group is owing to the successive improve- ments of Bruguiére, Draparnaud, Lamarck and Montfort, who removed from it various species, of which they form- ed the genera Vitrina, Bulimus, Carocolla, Pupa, Scara- bus, Succinea, Planorbis, Lymneus, Paludina, Ampularia, Melania, Janthina, Sigaretus, &c. Many of these Ferussac has egain restored to the genus Helix, forming various sub- genera under new names which he has applied to them.— Lamarck,ashe has limited the genus, describes one hundred and seven species of his own collection, but Ferussac, whose boundaries are more comprehensive, being founded on the PLATE XIII. © characters of the animal, enumerates five hundred and forty-four. | To a species of this genus, common to Europe and a part of North America, the H. aspersa, Muller, sanative qualities were formerly attributed in diseases of the lungs. and Sir Kenelm Digby introduced them into England for the benefit of the afflicted. Many species are served upon the tables of the luxurious, and amongst the Romans, the breeding and fattening them for food, was a particular oc- cupation. Montfort informsus that the H. pomatia, Linn. “is an object of commerce; at Paris, Vienna, Rochelle, in Switzerland, &c, they are taken to market, and are expor- ted in barrels to the Antilles; ” he adds “c’est un aliment sain, succulent et prolifigue.” Lamarck’s genus Carocolla, is much like Helix, but the volutions are always acutely angulated. In Bulimus the aperture is longer than wide, and in Pupa, Clausilia, &c.. the form is cylindrical, and the labiaare continuous. HELIX ALBOLABRIS. DESCRIPTION. Shell convex, imperforated, immaculate, pale reddish brown; volutions about five and a half with rather obtuse wrinkles, crossed by very minute lines, more obvious on the body whorl than on the spire: sufure distinct, not very deeply impressed : /abrum abruptly contracting the mouth, rather widely and abruptly reflected, flattened in the plane PLATE XIIl. of the mouth, white, rather ene and abruptly more ar- —~ quated at base. “‘syNONYMS. Heux auponasris. Nobis. Am. Ed. of Nichols. En- eyel. vol. iv. Ferussac, Hist. Nat. pl. 43, f. 1 to 5. Cochlea virginiana, subalbida, mediocris, circiter quinis orbibus parum altis ad claviculam cireumscripta. Lis- ter Synops. pi. 47,{. 45. OBSERVATIONS. | This is one of our most common species, less abundant however in the*Western than the Eastern portion of the United States ; and is an inhabitant of an extensive region, extending from Canada to South Carolina whence an indi- vidual was sent meihy/the late Mr. Eliott, and it is proba- bly found even in Florida. It belongs to the genus Aca- yus, Montfort, which he sevarates from Helix, in conse- quence of being destitute of umbilicus.. A species of the Linnean genus Acarus infests the ani- mal. I have frequently seen this little active parasite, run- ning out and in the respiratory cavity, when the orifice was opened to receive the air. Sometimes it is excluded fora few moments by the closing of the orifice, but it courses nimbly about until another dilatation of the pulmonary ap- erture, receives it into the interior. An analogous species PLATE XII. | ) T,. # 4 rf 4 4 - “inhabits the Helix nemoralis, L. of Europe, according to Kirby and Spence. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The two upper figures represent profile and basal yiews of the shell. a a a HELIX THYROIDUS. DESCRIPTION. Shell rather thin, convex, umbilicate, pale reddish brown, immaculate: volutions five, wrinkled: sufwe distinct, but not very deeply impressed: /abrum abruptly contracting the aperture, rather widely reflected, flattened in the plane of the .mouth, excepting the superior third, and white: umbilicus narrow, distinct: labitwm with an oblique white tooth, rather above the middle and not very prominent. SYNONYMS. Heuix tuyrorpus. Nobis. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. i. p. 123. Nicholson’s Encyel. (Am. edition, )—Ferus- sac, Tabl. System. p. 33. Cochlea umbilicata, capillaceis stryis per obliquum do- nata, Unico dente ad fundum oris. Lister Synopsis Conch. pl. 91, f. 91. The following synonyms are from Ferussac Tab. Syst. Petiver, Gazophyll. t. 405, f. 4. Philos. Trans. vol. xx, p- 375 ; CocHLEA TERRESTRIS VIRGINIANA Xc., Schro- ter, E’nleit. ii. p. 192, No. 60. PLATE Xu. OBSERVATIONS. A very abundant species, much more numerous than the preceding, in thisregion. It has certainly a general resemblance to the albolabris, but it is smaller, always um- bilicated, the labrum near its junction with the penulti- mate whorl is not so flatly reflected and the tooth of the la- bium is very conspicuous. It belongs to Montfort’s genus CEpo.is. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The two lower figures exhibit the profile and basal appearances of the shell. PLATE XIII. a ao ac oo my Fi . ee, Z- = '> y a jk oe bee) ha ee bi Fei ' v4 a a wy rt a bs if a i a ne ’ we iy 4 a fet a ’ = ™ r . » es a y "gi . hiin re 5 al i “ie “ae ' re aw Bs yy a A rev @ i ae ee Br le eS " ry —_ 1%, Ae A saiaesle ny a i%, aR A oy » ae yy ro Me yh, Cade a nt ie eel ewer: ¥ . Pio, i ae i, wn 1 : eee se arn a * tld as ” iw sae 4 By ee! yy ston © é ? ‘ , e, Ah, : omy * Ke a aa ag oh, ee 4 ne ae oO) A ee a ny Fe i © nm ‘a es). high al 7 iy alae Pal sae pe ht 5 ae ae A alee a { ye mv ; iy re a ae . a y' y 9 ; ak Baie Harr iy fC en wid r ae, 3 'S ali 7 4 : i ; 4 a a a m an y oe at a 4 Pay st ae om ai ‘e } s = dy ay le ei a - > Salas ae seal ie "lan on) ‘ r Wy Fait) + “a ue cee a ts, Tale ee he A's, re Ye hac =a... * | ye “ve th ‘~ ay 7 ee Ay | dy a ae twit sala ae ee am Po RS iz 4 : a Fae ate i . 4 ' ~ as oe ewe gen ihe “es ey i - ae <> ive ae le er 4 q Ay Ye Pa «a as i at ae a oe Ai ta we ea is ee: ue 4 ‘rn oy as 7 Ras if 14 a CP BOK ; Ad g “a4 igh ot ae iad A -) - i 2 . ea i cs? | eee » BA an Re eh a a es | i iO A ip. ae SD iia il as ores i a, a math, Be pa a * ee Yura i) te, Ala wi g mi Mi oy ” I, > ae ? ha hd > me i ie uy bas? iia, aera Shy mn ¥ es, -. Peg oa al f ae co co. * eae y ; ‘4 ot Wile , t ay , *! aye se ' ove i 4 Bis D | amie ides Merit. # a a ae i) - ew a | ews ‘i i . A ne th ‘en 7 = va levee ee Jee oo id a ‘i es a ne igs — J fv hed pe ey? ey ; hy ae dys a oe “hye — Be - aM, ¥ a oy Ae Re ei i ee 5a ‘ts Pa a Aa ae al 6 thd ‘Y rr; aor ’ i ae » Se eo Rae . fae oe, : (A 5 5. Gases Mai A ‘ie a i "a tA an , ee “ig it wht vy fat ey ba nih ; : 4 gp ae bal a q os a ry vt Se ns s + i, J OO al on i a ra ie ai a ae 4 ere er ee is be \ = a . ane mae . p vi J mh . wm b ar rT ) ae ' 7 'T 4 i " ae i) ? a * es) ae a a ce St a. _ —) . ph gealmallaly sc irtal + jie a Hh . io) |) y By ey * eva. ¥ 7 ’ eh wy A i i eas D| ai? oA ie hy ius : i tae s oe t SS \ J j oe af ye ve # ; 4 % ” a | a fig 7h Pa: + a or r id Ww " - oe a r ? aoe -. rd, “Ke a. . ‘ ‘ . noe ‘eee ee tk Pty CP ors, ms Pi Ne ace a ‘ Ie" v +. q ‘tite ¥y : : is a. “A , ,Y , ° f i a v7 i 7 A a .S = rt ‘. , , > we ay oq ho] 7 ‘ a ’ ra . wr “a i " hi ‘¥ ee, ws nalle a ies rand sire a — ve ih id: r 1 : a a Pera en we? Ailes — : ls a. » ail aad : s city, ra eh tidied REN f eel ih Palgle we . ml i" net ws awe ™ hg - © Nl er “viel pk ee) ae ine 7 — oe = GE “a a wm y * > ‘ea. Tt fh . sida id } ait » r] LG Ls, ; . ha aoe © ee a ——..- in (. y a * j epee S aida STi. ‘a He : t Ao x . wa -_ aD rr. ah: ee fF, wy IEA ay: eee or “Y oa. ay 4 ~~ | oe 7 - f A 2 / : Pr ve , wer rhs Ai Der oh os v So i oP vr —_ > | MM Say Del, aguante ‘ UNIO. For the generic character see plate IV. UNIO ELLIPSIS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell very oblique, suboval ; summit prominent, as long as the posterior side. SYNONYM. Unio evurpsts. Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (new series) vol. ili, pl. 4, fig. 4. DESCRIPTION. Shell very oblique, oval-subovate, ventricose, ponderous : disk convex, lines of growth deeply impressed, somewhat undulating the surface ; yellowish-olivaceous, more or less radiate with green, particularly before ; never spotted ; the old shell uniform brown or fuscous : margin regular- ly arquated, even at the anterior tip: symmit prominent, as long as the posterior side: posterior side remarkably short: cavity of the hinge membranes profound, much di- lated between the summits and not extending posteriorly beyond the line of the summits; visible portion triangular, PLATE XIV. H its posterior line transverse, slightly arquated, widest : within white, perlaceous, iridescent before: teeth large, prominent, the cardinal anterior of the right valve and both of the left valve parallel to the lateral teeth, which are a little arquated, those of the right valve united at tip and even after the union a little more elevated than the sur- rounding surface: sinus of the cartilage, regular, definite : cavity of the umbo not deep, its muscular impressions ve- ry distinct: posterior muscular impression remarkably deep, subobconic : palleal impression anteriorly arquated, hardly extending beyond the line of the muscular impres- sion. OBSERVATIONS. This species isnot uncommon. ‘The young shell which we have represented in the plate has a different colouring from the old specimen, which is of a uniform dark, or even blackish-brown, the radii being entirely invisible. It varies in its radii, some being radiated over the whole sur- face, others having capillary radii only on the anterior side and others being entirely destitute of radii at all ages. An- other variety is tinged with rosaceous, especially on the hinge lamine. In its youth it somewhat resembles the sulcatus, Lea, but is distinguished by many characters, and remarkably by being destitute of any sulcation anteri- orly. ‘The largest one I have seen was nearly four inches in its greatest diameter ; but this is gigantic for the species. REFERENCE TO THE PLATS. Upper figure—exterior of a valve. Middle figure—back view of the shell. Lower figure—inside of a valve. PLATE XIV. i aE RT ie ee er A aa Oey a sn hasta cgay nos oa agp ip 2 be. ' Bie as he Ling Brit: 5 ria al Tg 7 ; on VB os Fa vee Ra Ra Ps he Pa Ue a ey | aes iy | pew i Nis 9 a) piel eta pi : yh oN AR i. ye aly “i a ere 7 2 o oe j ‘ee eer Dan hw i Toe “ “a r “4 ; Neb Pe Diam) ie | af ie Md iT P y ‘hy nAY Ly 21S DS Mi = . eat ‘. e : ‘are ca ti a a og ,, ; ih io ks | - _ iz 7 7 hel” Tae Ll s we LY, ry eee . ah “ oe ist be ae a. | i we) a a te hf ¥ ce al 1% wi te Aa y Paul a Me ‘d ae as Ty hag : eb. om A Nema ts ie 7 by he auth Ta" thi '— 7 Beil i "a y Pe, 7 <4 hi ‘7 a i We Pan ri, change ; a ‘aR es (CAR a AR le de Mis uns’ a ial on en Ba f, ore 4 ' earned a : Cee. Ete oy f mA a) d a - j\, ae ay ape ne i ru ' oi aie ae hy ie uy, f Pavan) oo A oo) ee ODS ak oa See ae oi ue read eid De nya). eee alien ear el PY ui iy 7 A Lath, & “ir al MELE iat Lo " - By sas i i be was Oo a re hy on a ate rae sie wre . RAL 4 ea A are “pune : yas an Fy y 3 iw. ee 4 P iJ 4 Raitt i, 7 ios F oli ately oe Fo Se as st oe ou 77 ean a ah ” ea ai ony oy Ye an an “a 2 “ek ae i 1 _ =0) ; P Peis) y i oe ial ape, a a a ~ HOR! ark, ae ey oa Cink ee”, in 4 cae . ‘ tO pate | ie by ahead a nly ee, ba rrr. Nl e/a we. “ \ at. "s a ye ee ~ err " yi ee arenes ae lg ui y a . ’ : r " ‘ du Wide " 1 ri i) Pla Sa hy 1) ees a ait; eS ager “ast ae i - . i Af or wh 04 aed : ‘Ln ‘ ie) a Ay i ep Tae a fei "ibik ‘i F -\ > 7 _ wey 4 7 Y : ey ha. a ‘ee Sip a “ie Metre vt ad ~~" -* ein) & | re Tred Face ON ite ae: a i - a ns vi ¥ ey hy ss _ hw A o; fi As 4 7 a | ‘ aie ; in ny oe = ean : ih bs " ‘aie tae ‘wo we oN sik Ry ie “yr N a Bay har ical ces ipl a (Re4 A Y Ted f Ua uh, Se the vad Tae Re |p ey Vn sa) ** * ae * les ata aie a Ya am! ye by *y a z Tt Abas? tee oe ian a aye eee ok ie Pan © eee te if yirni Ar ey a ae te eee), > tr er hey ‘- ae cae rat | ne i Pee, | 4; Aes ed - ao Agel iA OA ne aS pie Cave eS eee ee”: «6 | ha aed bah Peer ah A ge yD yr t ei - Y Py 4 Noa kame rat ee ag 7 < hs un ann " i ial i ai Ar | a ee PaO a 7 oT” sal 7) Po Ves bal A’ etl te Roary obey 7 aie. oo * : dic 9 \ a aw n 7 ra a hh rh ; 4A. a f he , Te eee > ses or | rs : Mieke ik. ee, ; 7 OT be 1 sae : 7 j VV. Fae = mal a) ol Te Af, : hk ee ow - he ae i Bd: rr Ns ee i} a Ad Sw Pe inn be eo! or ) ; ion aie Tare ray he den ack Pao wip) La He P,: _ (we 7 wi rl rt nd j cv $ a ee ¢ Pie (Ret aa fi re a ‘ig : ¥) SE 7 : a _ ~ shea ee Pal meat 8 me | S aeak a ae pie ra (. ern es 1) ve eh ar e re ale crea need . K Mr Say Ded 15 C.Tiebout « UNIO SUBTENTUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Transverse; anterior dorsal margin sculptured with small elevated coste. SYNONYM. Unio sustentus. Nols. Jour. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. v. p. 130. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely oblong-suboval, very widely and slight- ly contracted at base ; brownish olivaceous, obsoletely ra- diated : posterior side short regularly rounded : cavity of the hinge membranes, behind the summits elongate, some- what fusiform, acute: swmmits hardly elevated, decorti- cated: anterior basal angle a little prominent, rounded : anterior dorsal and anterior margins, from the umbo to the angle with numerous, subramous, slightly arquated, oblique, parallel coste : within reddish fulvous: cavity of the umbo not deep: primary teeth somewhat longitudinal : lateral teeth slightly arquated, hardly reaching the extre- mity of the sinus of the cartilage: palleal impression ex- tending anteriorly a little beyond the muscular impres- sion: smaller posterior muscular impression oblong, of moderate size. PLATE XV. OBSERVATIONS... In general outline this shell has some resemblance to U. purpureus,* Nob. ; but it is distinguished by many charac- ers, and more obviously by the character of the anterior costated margin. It isa native of South Carolina and was sent to me by Professor Vanuxen, who obtained it from the North fork of the Holstein river. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Upper figure, exterior of a valve. Middle figure, back of the shell. Lower figure, interior of a valve. PLATE XV. * Although Mr. Lamarck quotes the proper name of this species as a synonym, ee he has by some error changed it to purpurascens. That it is an error is to é inferred from the observation under his description of U. carinifera, where he says, ‘‘trés-distinct de ?U. purpurea.” iy wey) |) «(Aad A eee eee ee a ” ~~ i 6 CoS i. _ Rr. om RU eh ieee wails " = 7 hall we eee ee ee ae , De ne gen - a wn iin yi Kh Uh ete : fer’ a 9 a s ; ir si Lui i ig ‘i ‘a nny lai '" mt a Paige amg a) els i dis ae yee ” i 4 age Bray ne He u a mi a wr mT ay at ps i 1 a oh, a wa Ph P ia mie liq die tied et i ee a 7 Die ee ee ae eid) ; ar se MU aan! ol i ea ib prea nh Tih il AE sa oR ee ahah De Ml @ a if a Lis as at bay PA et Da a a” tea a WY vo > "i Pi Mi a Wh ae ake iss a veal Py wh eee er peran i L Ms ’ \ 4 oe i A ies, vie Ane Sy ae i aris | ini bid ai a) ' ie eee iy a ahs aa is lus | ye a i, Py |) Hah Me all i hy Fy iF a ph ly i ‘ + Saale Aa ee Yar Ma ; ‘ m id i), oO a. ae ap Ab wo Aa ro ir tt Nal aati fal i Lae n vn ny al i : ae.) Back Nasty iit i). MR i af AA ’ : 1, . " ' est vs. rm UF hal RN thal Ata ir Mri hie Sam PTS ioik dh Beh Pal ; th Hay i Srna outs i “LURE a EA ea Aaa uy se ev hire BART te ; At, | Ae as SARC NNT ia : ye, Neiaa i Mien r v np ae 4 mi au , deh \ Tf On ed “p as Ns Uy a o AA i. Ae “ef te ee ate, Ar heed A} Bi ey ‘ tel a hy ii By oat a ae ne Hd na i) m bs eam i At Bie po hs Peet jae ee NE, han 7, ¥ cal ss ye ei eee) el: ae eA ee ye Et Viel eae va hh ty taht | ; ey : ? i i fore Alo ace Waa uy ds eA 1 ade nag ith, Pi a . a a) a Ph date peta ne a a Pyar yent i, Ware i om ae aA oy APUM Ey: Lc Ah eu a a " Tas owe, ant: ia rf eek 7a ay! Vite : hee a ie re ee iF, y? ; at id eae i gale pee ciara oe on Be a ee Ae” ek ae , V Vie , ie: alas: As re) ea ee Ants Laie oi ne ie a! aa wy nat a) re a won anes i a ay i an i Hi o f ay i A = URLs "| re oP Bhai iig hh Oe ae ay, i y ii al en i ey at hae) : ‘had wien 1 ae ert eke Won hs Me bh De, ee ine! Behe yey; Muay Ys ned | Bea is hi) fe ae hoe y bens» A hy i a A 4 OG, Cig a a tae ny i: rer eee Fey Se eae ee Rey ire! i a veh ae “heat es a ve jot fee we} aa : ne, yi Ain Ph fa : vi vay, lid ~ oh a VE cmt oe Ae ids cs hte Pp, ur ia ee ee . Bee \ ue ae ede eee ae vas ; oe wy ke ae Nat iv ity A a jee oy “A ae * hati ry oe 7 a a ae eG? 1! iy Aree" a ve t, i 0 : antes a Suse wai) Piel, H ia rr ht ie to are re a Bey Bia il ai} bale 2 ; ins ff a ia , ny a, #4 a hi é ny in ix ” 7 Nes Wi, ai B } Pree a . es » ier ahi i i bi ; Oe oi Nedaguaun fon { acy i wi Ate rahe fe F ‘4a he i By, i! yy me Chvilp i 7 ? ge ie aay A aoe a ors \4 Wiia oe ek in| lees rer I Dib) ; hid ne ul = Nt ee on Bie ie ist ey Ne vy ih Nae iis # wy al a ie | itr res Ly fan ae ee ri ni renee i ie re ; 1 a ; ays uy hy Ri we ny | oe - Pi eal Bins” , ie ah Pe ; iene i 4) "i ‘ Re “Dy “and ei ee ar hake Ae yt | ‘. : ey Ae ry Ay i i ik abla hy “i Dicom Re ei ace ant ®lm a oS a Pr EMMA RLY A TRCN ORE TN. ee AR AST Wl PRE dF ge hi Aa! |e ir ne th ; Py auane arian ia at Oi, Area : Tee a ae he 4 yee Path i # ne : ine abl ante" Ay Mae Vek Ta oe e + vy ae | ; ae Me ay re ‘ Ay illu i bs HCl ig mn pokes » ig rae deen id i es Van Sc ell tara ni ie aie ) “i ie 0 : oon te? | Sa kos th fa ik iy i a rn m ‘ny ) if ; ae Wiha ae c ! a %, i Te vs 7 on i W OS ‘ er i Wiss be i | By ee * a pe ad a. ak , 7 ot ¥, a asia " an iw A a yn ll a oil j me Ay ie ) ae si ove rat Vi us ane ae ay fi Ni ” ‘yale ral ‘libg q. ¥; a ' f Dy ; ¥, ' , it i ee A. oda ,; taal sy ae ee my \ Lah S ' a me) ay aT. 71) igks iy ‘4 , oe v ig iY a i : Af Fav aye dar ae ‘. mf 7 TOS Ae Ni.) ee lie ae 1 Og, ae ie 0 lace — a i >" a © in = a 7 ve? j . f > A hit ge ah 4 ae Te mr" inne Crt ee wi , | ie: : Ba ae. ae by af A , , At : by yi i ie A Lib i} ahi Ana aie mig: eu. my! r 4 ul Ma t i ah or re , n i re ro” ee ean Afr? S. ) Del Cy Det. LG d Te bout Se UNIO UNDULATUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Transversely undulated ; umbo literate. SYNONYM. Unio unpuLatTus. Barnes. Silliman’s Journal, vol. vi. p- 120, pl. 2. DESCRIPTION. Transversely oval, somewhat oblong, with large, distinct undulations, three or four in number, directed towards the anterior margin and not proceeding directly from the um- bo: surface with a few abbreviated, longitudinal lines, pla- ced without any regularity: wmbo placed far backward. not prominent, hardly elevated above the general curva- ture, more or less literate with short, irregular lines or slight elevations: hinge margin compressed, nearly recti- linear, prominently angulated or subalated at tip, in the more perfect specimens with numerous, connected, regu- lar lines, curved to the edge and undulating it: anterior margin rectilinear from the extremity of the hinge mar- gin to the rounded inferior half, and undulated by the tip of the grooves of the disk: posterior margin very short, regularly rounded : base very obtusely rounded, in many specimens a little contracted near the anterior termina- tion : fosset elongated, very distinct : within bluish-white : perlaceous. PLATE XVI. @BSERVATIONS. This large and handsomely sculptured shell, was found in the Fox river of the Wabash, by Mr. Lesueur and Dr. Troost. It resembles U. plicatus, Nob., but on comparison it will be observed to differ very essentially from that common species. The umbo and beaks of the plicatus are very prominent and altogether destitute of any small literations or divaricating lines, having only the origin of one or two of the large undulations grooved upon it. The primary teeth of the plicatus also are much thicker than those of this species. | I formerly considered this species, with much doubt, as distinct from the undulatus of Barnes, and gave to it the name of heros, but notwithstanding some differences, I have concluded, after a more mature examination and comparison, that it may be with propriety referred to that species. Barnes drew his description and figure from a spe- cimen then unique, belonging to the cabinet of Mr. 8S. B. Collins, which was so eroded as not to exhibit the orna- mental tubercles of the umbo and beak. The dimensions of a fine specimen found by Mr. O. Evans are, length five inches, breadth over seven, and con- vexity two inches and seven-tenths. ~ It is not uncommon in Fox river, an arm of the Wa- bash, in muddy and sluggish parts of the stream. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Upper figure, exterior view. Lower figure, inner view. PLATE XVI. Di MD Lie Naa AUS ary (ie Ly ie bi ae a ; ek ei g costes . Py tog a ay Re , Ce as ile, nih) t . 1 - Raa vy P a, r * nd : id 4 j < f b ‘a i" . Pra WAI aren Puce:r -d r,t : 7 ey 1 + - iJ i | : 4 } iy 4 L] o A re : : } at : : iS : 7 6 ; t | f j : * : } ' t a4 » 7 PL a oo » zm) , ' i Oe Tel y i fi - Z T . , ine , | a 7 a F| ty A ee Pes la | ’ » a i eh ee ee 4 ae any , f f) r 1s a v4 ' . fl ie Ts Pye ‘ Ma : : | ; f j , : ra 7 "S ‘ P A ; : f Persia} : bf i Pe - . . a i” ’ ' : 7 % pe a) j x } 5 ” | é * Rin, 1 1, = j , ie * J ' é rs 4 iy } = ae ‘ i" Ly 7 mw. Vs ieee my, é : i et net Veal ; 7 : : cd y 4 Th ; ' eo ‘ nly f¥ iy» i q 5 8a. ; | » 4 a ' he ioe Ri * i a al A ie: Nite iia eee om ‘ ’ ; ae ve, Diet yhh iAP yld ‘ ‘ a Rn ie a ait Ne * yw 4 ae y ' , « i‘. v 1 j } i ; - | ne ‘ 7 a . } nil y ie = , ( af aay I Y ~~ TED RTO Oe a ie it, Mes a aime : RRR kh lt GR al i r a | 7 a iw ‘ ae , 4 og = ’ ea ’ Ah an a a ie ie ae ie ial Pee ae am oe a Nal ] v 7 rs ae | ; : A Py) ; whe. > iw te i 7 F MV; i I me) i AY iy ; ity, 4) ie 7 aa } se ; ha gsi “ hy ay ¥ R rr ¥ , v } i P5 : P avy ; 7 fo ; : ; : : ; | ' pls ’ Te ) i : 17 . i ny : yl a hae / a ; ys i? sie : \ " ia i) i oy eee mas: ee ; i) may Wile oF aS ae alee Aa) a r “a 4," a ian dette A aes itt) Nis PAW, Gy May ht Bagh tal ‘ ; j Hee ee aa vay a ssi iy i" ea ee ae nine HEE Saar ee Yu 8 ee 17 UNIO ABRUPTUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. — Gulmtindaidiy truncate before. DESCRIPTION. Shell oval-quadrate, yellowish olive or brownish, slight- ly radiated with blackish-brown narrow lines, which do not extend to the base: wmbo not very prominent, round- ed, slightly compressed, generally radiated with obscure greenish, and placed far back, almost terminal: disk con- vex, anteriorly with a hardly raised, very obtuse elevation, becoming obvious towards the margin and a little promi- nent at the anterior basal angle: hinge margin a little de- pressed, so as to form an angle with the disk, more acute towards the umbo: hgameni higher than the beaks: an- terior margin truncated by an almost straight line: basal margin very slightly contracted: posterior margin very short, gaping considerably from the middle of the base to the cavity of the hinge membranes: cavity of the hinge membranes very obvious, rather wide, as long or longer be- hind the beaks than broad: within white, or tinged with very fine fulvous-pink, or salmon colour: posterior cica- triz profound ; smaller cicatrix rather large, oblique, ar- quated : padleal impression hardly more prominent than the anterior cicatrix: cardinal teeth thick, direct; that of the left valve subtrifid: footh plate rather broad, project- ing in a ledge on the inner side of the lamelliform tooth of the left valve. Var. a. Anteriorly more prominent and hardly truncate. PLATE XVIL. OBSERVATIONS. The colour of the inner surface is, in most specimens very beautiful. The umbo is generally decorticated, ex- posing a surface slightly tinged with the colour of the ca- vity of the shell. ‘The internal surface of this shell, as in several species, is minutely granulated and undulated ; a character very sensible under the magniiier. Some conchologists have considered this shell a mere va- riety of the cariosus, Nob., probably because like that spe- cies it is generally more or less truncated before ; but there are other characters which appear to me to forbid a speci- fic union. The abruptus is always of much less breadth, the beaks much nearer to the posterior extremity, the per- pendicular length from the beaks to the base much great- er; the cardinal teeth direct, much more robust, that of the left valve being trifid : whereas in cariosus the cardinal teeth are decidedly oblique, bifid in each valve, and the plate on which the teeth rest is much more slender, even when the general thickness of the shells is the same. It is more closely related to U. eliipticus, Barnes, by the va- riety a.; but although the teeth are nearly similar, yet that species is never truncated, the beaks are never situa- ted so far back ; the cavity of the hinge membranes is much narrower; the anterior division of the cardinal tooth of the left valve is less obvious, and the ledge on the mner side of the lamelliform tooth of the same valve is but slight, the aspect or habit also is quite different. It occurs fre- quently in the Wabash. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Upper figure outside of a valve. Lower figure inside of a valve. Middle figure back of a valve. PLATE XVII. anit , ee o> eo, a? mt : — (Pe owe Vane! a an ee of ide ee, es i ht eae uk i i i : ape Avil rae ne Cet Sims aA S y / iy {ED oy i | A mm 5 \ i! de ie he ines sits . ar toe 1D - iit i “nip gen by, ys oa Si ssh Ate ay oe one went walla agi tomars ie Beek st ers ee i Uti ied aii a vised We arity " mist y os > ea ok hy, a a Bie yigtee ; pan AY sta ae Be ea Wik i aan te 7 ie FS) A ase RT Ee Foe RRR | oS Tees: ie A mr meee i AD: | may bots a Cine lou a » \' My deity ane a a pea payee bua i ia ‘ae {ery 00 rae , } ¢ ae Ne aes a ni me rani. Bryce 7 ae a CS ee oe oy. Tye Drier Bate ae He “ Pa A : 26 Bart ne ey ey ee ears beh TA ON hol ale BLO ehh hee, oe Foie af 7 Wl ta in OR Wate iy fo iio h Fig Puy c ur hn m fy ao ¥ wt Pa wis - es mt an olay .3 v Hy a Ni ‘ i caer? / vq in iva Bi, : i s cate 18, mh an pid iF i My im " nN, ae h . nw re is i dhisg “ Pali iy “er ay Fi we vis: art a pial Ay hal 2 int ' jes a nd bi ai ve Vib baa rhe ele rt pape ur Oe y - mit Mp hy on ys any Miedy ie zh relay b esic as TA el rd a a oy ae 77: (ear wo a3 fs ag OO ee al 7 on iba > it ya ‘hand bi : Vy i Lge ; | i agin : i mf. ' i et oy < oe nis aii Si ie ne sky he ste a Past Li A el al ; bia ne " ay! L x / ~ Si vii 4 we ‘ iia A i Ve bi ¢ MW A poy Vana) a Oh et ye m3 v7 ny ie? i) m, h Ae es : ao lee, hen mA ile ie behtd en a Hy ie : . ‘en “iy iy wat, All . A Eh , ae i” fy 4 as FR a, ia Ms esas Sai Gialiee- Sea ar uA ray i iy c f balk oil ¥ ra - ad v ‘ vy 1h ee , fad we OG ey fhe arr i iu * iv J i) Tae are Le ' et wy ies - iy, te nist | a es ‘ neers i de 7 — Wey. ve ni & th nl i oy Ms a BAY said , nics se is Tira se et Ag ix ua a aa at, a ee ae Laur , ee ibn z a ev A a apace ad ‘ 7 yet’... Nee. ; hi 6a a ‘a ’ aihatt ah cel ii a Leo ae MP, a an “af Tai Ny x Wy. aT “ ee ee ee ee stil bis aan) ms er a: ie Rese 7, aes a coe Mt iv: e " tha Z A oF i ’ . IN re in igi, ae apial eh re a bough Pag oy a ae Nii lei i ae bode ee ry AA ee a : wt bist rb ae om: ey sh - hai bral aes pater " utd a 7 a aor fy? iy mee ih 4 at) er Y ba wen, i ' i ‘ SAT att 1 ee. ee mae a yet Hae wn . iy pe nr ae oy tea ayn My. aan a ae ie Tell e A Mant) fh hal a ee pital lit ae oF a [i Ron ie ee ne ad vii _* Me ayes) i ue i] : Pp : Pee, Fae hey Ls i = wy is y oy a Pe nee ee ee ee, er 5 Mey | 4 BY ree \ i mie ners ite taut hell Pic itn ut: along a Lin eal a! 7 a bie ay 7 Siig aN ‘id ANG eo oi oer. etna S 4 icpanaiter, hy J an i ied = +) ore whine vty, ne eh oe pot aK i das he ti i ie by ch hii i oe it Od aa CF a a aK a Mas ae! ar) ipaeh Syubtn ee mi. ides r a ¢ Jin Ae SREY, (rh ee 4 Fae Yael eevee Vie a) A mus Yet he at bee ey ayer’: pete ae aE iy ps hi ue iy: uv) ~, Sa hs oe hel ila Raton reel ree ae va i T es en ec ae re aaa bo ee Rd la Ml olla Pies: hi) ii Sh " ; is h mB v4 I Ay i y fi si vers. rf wer on De Sa We ny es oR j ne ; is) ob 4 fi i at i a : t 7 ;.) a M hy ve Pali one ha he 4 san he a neta ra ‘ sai PONS we } 2G = ¥ * Mn ye Sr eee Lu MR Re SU) EC ey “Te Ren A Deane eran roe ip diovin Heaney fide Dir baie a : ve Ri ne — 7 ve ee li ees al Jeh ied nel Th hee! ' a 7 ea ve Tan aT Tat Le ys ee as an ign th aan Ww Asi, i) _ nN. . A saniihe nie i) eu bi ao, Pitts ee ee hal itt iy: a rn ai’ - ditny ae ed ¥ fiip gr ie i hs te dial’ bid oo al wn Sadia a 7 mn we ye. hy a wii asst ak Bl , y a ey a “a ne ak. es ihe ; : x ee ‘ . Lie: om 7 rn ae ; = inbhy s(t Me een if f ‘We a tg cole NAT ee i bal ue Bbc nt a or Ke ‘a. p> | a” : 7 7 4 ede Aran rane es Ahh Ce ~ etl ; ines tr 4 Aoi r TAURI: PO ey | Oe , ai wee oh say oil ili il ht al Tea il lial i ey yr ee? » oe TE ak ae fo uioru Apa sda 7 Pld Seen why é \ aes: ie , ha jaa 1 a sd ys Mea in bis Taye Are a Te Ay ny vv" eK i Bedale Ter (<2 é ' i ee hp PTT p ity v4 pean, hah 7) Mies: net Ame oul si “6h 1S, a - ; ’ rea ee Bi; mel ioe ns j " ’ Hi. nant wy yet ru Lie fins’ a yeasts: oe vata rei oa Bib bp ; i ‘ ; . ¥ ik he ‘ Ms » Sid ay wih 5 ¥ 1 Sein La Sion en car ae ie the oo Me, 2 ai F ine tu oy: Mad. Nia 4; a es A ees he ae ee Bee aie ree ee | jest rae” Ad Fl ee ee hn ee a Be * si oF c/a Maken wie J ‘salen in AN a Ae * Mise ee ay, Bt) } : : ; yp areal ey aim | is oa bi . 1 ie ao a ol f Zz ae ul 4 a. idiadl me ae Ae ue | a as . y oe Rar We dit ye r he vty ten = peyyee 2) ¥ [ ‘ f ” Lia - "ae : ding Ny. " io) vara ila ait eid eign si, a. bat i aren a PY ee ee i ab 6: Ne pee: a La ae > : ny 1 te) Ay ae < bel 3 iY ‘ugk ap y a Ly a yh ine ay / Yee 1 ey ro | a Pers yee re oF ys Se Lal : Bi wn? i dy We ae ad Ls I ee ae, fs id ee ay : a ] wit - ain 7a 7 i my EEE OREN BRIN coal tt te Rt ka RY ae ie “4 $55 . a a i collin Pe a ey nh 7% my te if ti Wh nn age £ ine Mi Me, ay 4 a ee moa) ise ve , a 4 — vw "s ; 4 Oa i ii ei i a, ag eee ne Was i a ae A, ote he ee af aa Five 7 See a a. et ha ae ov oa > ap , A f MA i ate ae UM oh oa Ta Re ee ME on jE Ere, sy oie AP id a rt Care Ete 4) ” its pt lil ay) , ay “a 2 a al ee oT = ee) a : i Ma 9 i RI, 7 aS ais 2 oe. a whe os ie wr AY iv th if, Ly - j > a ‘ pan é et tes ene ia ies ob au oon 4 mw i ‘Ts 8 t : i), ae ; ‘ea! Nk: ane ee | a: wil ae 2 a a uh ea date Or a eee ee 18 C.Trebout Soudp. * Say Del, SOLECURTUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell equivalved, transversely elongated, gaping at the extremities, which are obtusely and equally rounded ; hinge and basal margins nearly parallel; apex not prominent : hinge distant from the extremity ; ligament external, short : muscular impressions two, remote, oval or angular, distinct : impression of the mantle profoundly sinuous before ; teeth various, generally imperfect. OBSERVATIONS. A genus formed by Blainville to receive ten or twelve species, hitherto referred to the genus Solen, and to which they are indeed very closely allied. He divides the genus into three parts, viz. A. Compressed, thin, with an anterior rib, obliquely de- current from the apex to the basal margin. S. radiatus, Linn. (Genus Siliqua, Mégerlé ; Leguminaria, Schum.) B. More cylindric and destitute of the interior rib. S. sfré- gillatus, Linn. C. More elongated and subeylindric. S. legumen, Linn. These species shew the connection of the two genera to be intimate ; but there is certainly a great difference in ha- bit, which, in conjunction with the notable characters of the rounded form of the muscular impressions, the distance of the hinge from the extremity, &c., in the present group, ®:. ‘TE XVII. I seem to justify its separation from Solen. Like the spe- cies of that genus, these reside in the sand on the sea shores, secluded from observation. SOLECURTUS COSTATUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Hinge nearly equidistant from the posterior termination — of the shell and the middle of the hinge margin. SYNONYM. SoLEN cosTaTus. Nobis. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. li. p. 315. DESCRIPTION: Shell transversely elongate-oval, concentrically wrink- led, very much compressed, very thin and fragile: hinge nearly equidistant from the posterior termination of the shell and the middle of the hinge margin: ¢eeth three, two, and sometimes none, in each valve, the posterior ones up- right, the anterior one inclining forward : within astrong, broad, elevated rib passes almost perpendicularly from the hinge towards the base and becomes obsolete near that part: colour pale brownish, with a slight violaceous tinge and two or three obsolete, paler rays ; within perlaceous, somewhat sericeous. PLATE XVIII. OBSERYATIONS. I obtained a few incomplete specimens on the coast of Newjersey, near Great Egg-Harbour. Since which Dr. T. W. Harris of Milton, Massachusetts, has sent me seve- ral individuals in perfect preservation, from Nahant, where it is therefore probable that they are not uncommon.— When this species was published, the present genus had not been formed, it was of course referred to solen. 5S. centralis, Nob., of the same work, is also of the same group. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Upper figure, exterior of a valve. Middle figure, dorsal view. Lower figure, inside of a valve. PLATE XVIII. ti apy is bayre » on Tee eee Lee " * en ta? * . cd eS dhe = cig aon ‘ ar F a . ‘ oe fy er: hc ; “ ET by here Paar ge ‘ eer) oe oe gt HO + esis caving & te sacri onan Pratl ; He leew .¢ - “eee v te: ihe ae - RR TY “=e o/ ‘ * ff . \ ¥ 4 ae eS ee ee a ‘ ' > . a we és y* a : —_— Sa. i VERE st dnl a. % i at ~ .. Sa Ts te Song nae, Py " ; . A Phe or i) a re ae le ay Abeateg i. E ee an wake a a > - ot a = | eee ae “7 : ‘ey * ai ‘+ ’ , * a P . bd ? y . - ‘ ey f . r. i uo. * * . > 7 > : : ' . . + ' j ° 7 e . ‘ | iS ’ oe es . ; ‘ ih . ‘ +? a yi 4 , ‘ . ~ \ — . 9 wie > ad + 7 . { . ‘ ms IY) » NS | 3 a) FULGUR. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell pyriform ; spire very short; varices none ; body whorl very large; aperture large, oval extended towards the base into an elongate-conic, open canal, which is entire at base; umbilicus none; epidermis deciduous ; labium concave with a single fold or oblique groove near the ori- gin of the canal and a slight calcareous deposition above : labrum simple ; within having elevated striae which do not revolve far within the shell, nor do they reach the edge of the labrum, but leave a smooth border; operculum horny. OBSERVATIONS. This genus was formed by Montfort. Linné placed all the species with which he was acquainted in his great genus Murex. Bruguiéres, Lamarck and Blainville re- ferred them to Pyrula, a genus with which they are cer- tainly very closely allied, but from which they differ in having a fold on the labium, in not being vesicular and thin, in having elevated lines or strie within the labrum, &e.— Linné did not even perceive this alliance, if we may judge from the fact that he placed these shells with Murex, as above stated, whilst he referred the true Pyrule to his re- servoir Bulla. We do not know what difference exists be- tween the animals. Naturalists do not appear to know whether or not they are operculated, but we can affirm with PLATE XIX. certainty that the operculum exists in the present genus.— When recent the surface of the shell is covered with a thin epidermis. It is always destitute of varices and of umbili- cus, and bears the same relation to Pyrula that Fasciolaria does to Fusus. Indeed we would have more readily ac- quiesced in referring them to Fasciolaria than to Pyrula, although there exists but one fold on the columella, in place of two or three. . The excluded ovaries consist of a long series of oval, parallel follicles or disks of little thickness, attached by one side to a connecting string; each of these disks con- tains numerous young ones, of which the shell is very ob- vious and even tolerably firm inits consistance. Such ova- ries are very abundant on our coast. They exhibit at length, a rounded perforation in the edge of the follicle, op- posite to the string, whence the young shells escape. All this is very well represented by Lister in his Conchology, plates 879 and 881. FULGUR PYRULOIDES. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Pale yellowish or white, with rufous, dilated lines, inter- rupted in the middle; suture canaliculated. SYNONYMS. Seba. Mus. vol. iii. pl. 68, fig. 19, 20? List. Conch. pl. 877. PLATE XIX. Martini, Conch. 3, t. 661, f. 736,737. ( Lam.) ELncycl. Meth. pl. 433, f. 2, a. b. (Lam.) Bua Ficus, var. b. Gmel. Fuieur pyrutorwes. Vob. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. 2, p. 237. Pyrova spirata. Lam. Anim. sans Fert. vol. 7, p. 142. Boia pyrum. Dillwyn, ed. Lister Conch. Index, p. 39. DESCRIPTION. Shell remarkably pyriform, perfectly unarmed, jongi- tudinally lineated with irregular, dilated, dark ferruginous lines on a yellowish or white ground, interrupted or ob- solete in the middle by a paler revolving band, more obvi- ous in the young shell; very numerous revolving, slight- ly elevated lines, alternately somewhat larger, towards the base of the shell somewhat larger, more distant and obvi- ously undulated: spire very much depressed: whorls above flattened, shoulder acute, unarmed, becoming more or less obtuse and even rounded in the old shell: suture profoundly canaliculated: dabrum gradually contracting to the canal, which is rather long. OBSERVATIONS. In its general form, this species certainly resembles the true Pyrule more accurately than either of the other spe- cies of our coast, but the groove on the labium readily distin- guishes it. I formerly mistook the young shells for those of F. canaliculata, Linn., which they very much resemble in form, in the grooved suture and in the spiral stria ; but they differ from them in having a much less elevated spire, PLATE XIX. ve in being entirely destitute of armature, either of spines or tubercles, upon the angulated shoulder of the volutions, and in being marked by coloured lines. In this last character they approach F. perversus, Linn., but they will not be mistaken for that species. As the shell advances in growth, the acute edge of the depressed top of the whorls becomes obtuse, and in the old shell it is nearly obsolete ; in which state the almost regular curvature of the whorl is very like that of Pyrula. Seba’s figures above quoted, are probably intended for this species ; they certainly represent it very well as it ap- pears in the young state. Lamarck was unacquainted with the native country of his spirata, the description of which he published in Au- gust, 1822, which gives the priority to pyruloides, as this was published in July of the same year, twelve months af- ter it had been read to the academy. It inhabits our south- ern coast and I never found it so far north as New-Jersey. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Vhe plate represents the back and front of the shell. PLATE XIX. an ae yr 0 “yy 7 o/ ~~ a nid it Ni iM ale : ‘fs is vi wy oe Deiat mo rm 4 Nat Lane 4 | it me ue ey Warnes hea meteryonls seas i vn id ig r a fe 18 ul ‘ae he ahd: Wy i a tA : a Ritar : . Hy + — Ba ‘vat tal ‘a ae ve : ee oe j me if , i Cae wl ' By ai : ar) at T ins 7 4 7 ity if mT Ph foe nbs (ah KE a {ie id ae i | ee it vie ‘AY ny a (ee : ain roy i me Ay pi a yi ore eae Bevpigire om s -. ei ne ie si wp. a » un bagi aa vn, wen rae tae nae s a le Y Oat iW 7 oe ‘a ie i oe yar i Jae Ae: “0 >| a 7 our ay a ey BP fs si I pine ahd a La ie rt Rat! Rd ds mn oe ey ven se ro ‘a J i‘ oy " thi 7 a ine wy Pius aa es a pint ei ET Hie, eT vey eo od : ait nh ene cee ra , i Whe au eh ty ” 7 We : Hey. i rrr as, , i ie iad hal Laan 6 ae lal a! = ae) ere ee oo RY Wt ine ee. hea ee a a i "a Ma ; | ee es LR hgh, ni Ai ea et ae " a ad hah) ths! Pies Loon ae ty dee us = ry Te o i] isi dp iv AD \ i la rn ee ‘hia wins Mist 4 Ms oy 7 yi ” ‘ae “a 4 ae} 7 aly, ae a al ei h 7 at i! thi’ , M a 7 ve sd AD rae v i? OT ij he) en Wear uae i 1; i aT uM: As ‘hy fi By hand Fe a ai - el i aie 17 ] ‘id arn. ied a eset ae ® en | Al ‘" 7a Yee ey i tae a y uy yi thes i " y" rr han: iy al \ on a dae eae Wie a zs, ; eh.) Fis brat m ia me uit il fuk », f » welt ay or. 6 wii on hb A we Maine 9 pe ee ua ih ip 4 Vayrenie ’ © ys ee an ae Ps i a a ne i) - sat e a Peas ue 7 ra i, ba r. weer Oy es a ne te 3 . Aoi vb ie: Sips > ‘ Ne ey 7 oe x0? ae Hy - ary OS ee Po A ae 18s, oA sary Ae ‘ea , a ee a Se - Te m1) a 7 a ee sbsta) ue , - A wo, sf a mi! 7 7 —_- a5 iat i it “a 1 La ae: rial we, Ltee v <4 ri if ‘) 7 vi &. i > 0m " Bore - aa hs a ne awd i ad! or 4 J , logy ae ie " aa (ey). " WV ikea aa. he ie 7 i ¥ ; ea } er a7 ye fe 4 hi, ay ei om ©» ea Pte oe Lt Ore a § AD lt > * : oo if : i) 7 iy a we - b> a mes _¢ “ & ot ks 5 a) mm : a 7 - / Ay wv Wi ’ - ? _y 7 - mi At - i a : a roe | oo, : sii i rin , - - oft i os - iy AS i Ny rin : _ - i : 7 i eo a | a aa mn ‘> ae err a 7 r hi lal ’ iy : vo od at ‘iad . " % ra i sme ; 7 | «cane ie “7 : : . ; ' 7 ' a “ i‘ 4 > te i a ‘ sf yg ai. : uf a . ie | 7 . 7 - .' «© ay a ay ae * ow : fn a A ¢! ie” ans we ial mye ui Be i» \veeana aioe i 7 = a i 7 ; ’ oo; \) » in, See) a n - iis [ ies 4 | nah “a Ta J . . woe A Py a = a ‘ i 7 a - 8 ( 178 1hu0 ; is ie Y a? peg J a ie : : 7 a e ey ” of ‘o ‘ te, ¢ a | a om = 1. i it ; ae ee er hae ir ne m7 v " Be ae Nu = (an) Ae a oy P,, ¥ - : . 7 ' ' “a Len i : a : be ait 7 4 rs _ ay 4) lone P : i? 7 y “s : Z muy via " a "= - py ( : @ " ‘ 7 _ ‘i * N if a | i” i 7m _. a i m 1% Vi b 7) a J : Lent i sia rey: ee 1 “— i ie : Le " a Bie hi ‘ va y . 4 ; . ; “ae ; ihe a il hi vy a ! ' 7 Oates hiales ‘sa a A ’ a TN a aia ek ’ 7 7 > 5 re > t? «= > .r i Ais ane? uy a oa 7 ae ©). - ao ’ ne: ee ' —. a my iw : oh Al i iy Aher. " a = 4 7 ¥ : 5 : . vk ay “i 0 ; " ig Py he ‘ : ie | ee M a> ~ Ve Fc “0 ie) P ea ‘ie t. 7/ ar aay b . ws ca |) mi ay " a } it . : Ni : ; ‘4 I Jil ; y oA at if i i ‘ ah ie \ , ) “teal ROU ae 7 7 ’ v ’ a ; i: i sale wide F 7 ew i i i 0 if 7 fut ys re : A" ~~ oT . y 7 thay Vs Beer)! : ac° 92" | wes iit . ; ' i) P a 7 be M 7 Riis ng aie , Vy (ua) Rag i Oh ry oe 0 as a ed . me e ore ; aa ine vee «ih re i) Wife nm = , \oouNn i ‘. 7 eA. : 7 ; J 5 : ae 7 , 7 VI ; y 1) - q i aay i’ ne ha ake sd my ” Ae ° 1 - | las ; : hi : aad a A aa pen - ar 7 ; ‘ 4' ae ‘Wa yn er i ae As) Ne id oY, t ™~| uP VA q LO a ae a "a , es ini ai si mer Je v7 Ne a ‘ ey “eee ee ee ee! : . i Nie ; st) in : ‘ hz Je - S 5 3 ) »® S NS As N S AL? Say Del. - GLANDINA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell subturriculated, oblong-suboval, somewhat fragile, terrestrial, simple; front of the shell gradually attenu- ated to the base of the columella ; aperture unarmed, ra- ther narrow, nearly longitudinal; labrum simple, a little undulated ; columella meurved, truncated at base. OBSERVATIONS. Conchologists differ much in the arrangement of this small group of shells. Chemnitz refers them to Bul- la, and Buccinum; Gmelin and Dillwyn to Bulla, He- lix and Voluta, and the former has even placed one spe- cies in Strombus ; Bruguiére to Bulimus; Blainville and Sowerby to Achatina ; and Ferussac to a subgenus of He- lix. Montfort who, for the period in which he published, formed genera with a profuse hand, was the first to sepa- rate this group from all others. He distinguished it by the name of Polyphemus, which we regret that we can- not adopt, inasmuch as it was preoccupied by Muller for a genus of Crustaceous animals, and is still in use. Itis to Schumacher that we are indebted for the present generic name, to which we are not aware of any objection. With respect to the characters of the shell, there can be no doubt that Glandina is very closely allied to Achatina, and not- PLATE XX. J withstanding the difference which really exists in the ge- neral habit, in the labrum a columella, it would coalesce with it, were it not that the inhabitant possesses characters which cannot justify the union. Ferussac was aware of these distinctions, and after extracting what we formerly published relative to the characters of the animal, he states, * Si cependant on les reconnoit dans toutes les autres es- pecés du groupe auquel elles appartiennent, ou devra en faire un genre apart, ou l’aiguillette et quelques unes des espéces analogues, que nous y réunissons, entreront par Vinfluence des rapports généraux de leur coquille,” and “ De toutes les espéeces que nous réunissons dans les hélix, aucunes, sans doute, n’offrent des caractéres de dissem- blance aussi prononcés.” / Having unfortunately mislaid a sketch of the animal, taken during a visit to Florida, I can now only repeat my description of it as published in Mitchell’s edition of Nicholson’s Encyclopedia. Animal elongated, as long again as the shell, granulated ; tentacula four, superior ones oculiferous, abruptly deflected at tip, beyond the eyes ; in- ferior ones much shorter, and abruptly deflected at tip ; lips beneath the tentacula, elongated, palpiform, almost as long as the superior tentacula, retractile, generally more or less recurved, compressed, attenuated, and acute at tip, and forming a considerable interval between their prominent bases. When the animal isin motion, the elongated lips are used as tentacula to feel the way. PLATE Xx. GLANDINA TRUNCATA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell pale rosaceous, immaculate, becoming paler to- wards the aperture. SYNONYM. Buccrnum striatum. Chemnitz, ix, t. 120, fig. 1028, 1029. (Ferussac.) Buia TRuncatTA. Gmelin, Dillwyn. (Feruss.) Potypnemus cians. Nob. Nicholson's Encyel. Hewix rosea. Ferussac. é FLUMINE QUODAM CAROLINE. Lister Conch. 1059, fig. 4. DESCRIPTION. Shell pale reddish-brown or slightly tinted with rosace- ous, often deepest on the spire, gradually becoming paler to the aperture : spire rather prominent, somewhat mame- lary at tip: volutions five or six, very obviously wrinkled ; two or three apicial volutions almost destitute of wrinkles ; suture well defined, irregularly crenulated : columella de- cidedly incurved. OBSERVATIONS. When in the sea islands of Georgia and in Florida with Mr. Maclure, we found this species, in great abundance PLATE XX. in marshy districts Immediately behind the sand-hills of the coast. In Florida -they also occurred on. elevated mounds of Oyster shells, called Hammocks and generally in such situations as were tenanted by Succinea campes- tris, Nob. On these elevations they were generally small, translucent and of a fragile consistence, and we observed that they obtained their greatest developement only in the low, marshy places. Mr. Elliott of Charleston, South Ca- rolina, since favoured me with living specimens from near that city, where, he informed me, they are not very abundant. These individuais refused such vegetable food as I could procure for them, (in December,) but one of them devoured the animal of a helix which was in the ves- sel that contained them. Lister’s figure above quoted is referred to with doubt by Ferussac in his Tab. Syst. p. 57, for his Helix goniostoma. In Lesueur’s collection are specimens which he found at St. Francisville on the Mississippi, and Mr. Titian Peale found specimens on the Florida Keys. So that, taking the above mentioned localities into consideration, this shell seems to be an inhabitant of the whole alluvial region, from at least the middle of South Carolina to the Missis- sippi, and perhaps even still farther south. In the American Edition of Nicholson’s Encyclopedia I published an account of this species: under the name of Polyphemus glans. I supposed it to be that species, as Montfort says it lives in the interior of Louisiana. But Ferussac says that our shell is not the glans of Bruguiére, which is not an inhabitant of Louisiana, but of St. Domin- go. Inhis general observations, as well as in a letter to me, he says it is the Buccinum striatum of Chemnitz and Bu- PLATE XX. limus striatus of Bruguiére ; whereas in his enumeration of the species, he rejects the name striatus entirely and places those two synonyms under two separate species, to which he gives new names. I think however that this name can- not in justice to Muller, from whom Bruguiére adopted — it, be applied to our species, inasmuch as he had reference to the South American species. As it is, therefore, neither the glans nor the striata, I adopt the name applied by Gme- lin, for which I am indebted to the synonyms collected by Ferussac, on whose accuracy and opportunities for compa- rison in ,this instance, I wholly rely, when in my own opinion, the reference would, but for this authority, be doubtful. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Upper figure, back view. Lower figure, front view. PLATE XX. *% * ———_—— | Me ig: Oo ede eee yw oe. He 0 ee eae Ry tat RE Sy a ; Se n " te! ee ae A ey hae 1? AB ET Ae | > nan aheeay <<. H heft 9 J - ye ae 1) Oe iT; send bh ore ie sao ye) ‘nt On Pee: et, AP ater rhea» eer Nae ee Vaasa Viel 4s “5 F ports i wee A ar S nd ny 1 } ree tf eee eS TE: SA ara , A dy 2 r " ar , a t wy Aha 4 bi Ses te his Si M a i" «3 ees ener ise nae 7 Ms ts et pig ho Pay She Behe é 5 Ly a s Pond. a gh AL amok ’ v ay tet nw a bees Aa", eR es 8 ‘ sy Lak THE AMERICAN CONCHOLOGY. The object of this work, is to fix the species of our Molluscous animals, by accurate delineations in their appropriate colours, so that they may be readily recognized even by those who have not extensive cabinets for comparison. ‘ Aithough it is intended to elucidate the Molluscous animals of al/ North A- merica, yet it is proposed to introduce those of the United States chiefly, inte the first part of the work, so that those subscribers who may wish to limit their enquiries or expenditure to the shells of this Union, may be accommodated. ‘he price to subscribers will be one dollar and jifly cents each number, with the right to withdraw their names on the publication of the fourth number, aiter having paid for them. ; The publishers, however, pledge themselves to their subscribers, to reduce the ptice of the future numbers to ONE DOLLAR, thatmay be published after the subscription list shall justify a reasonable hope of a reimbursement of the actual expenditure. It is intended also to add to the work an introduction to the sci- ence of Conchology, showing the proper succession of the orders, families and genera, together with an explanation of the technical terms used in describing. The subscribers and all those who wish to encourage this undertaking, are therefore solicited to assist in enabling us to accomplish these objects, by making the work and the proposals known, and by communicating the names of subscribers to the ‘office of the Disseminator, New-Harmony, Indiana.’ Several public institutions and State libraries have already subscribed and the patronage of all is respectfully requested. ‘he publishers confidently hope, that their endeavours to put the work with- iu the reach of the finances, of almost all those whose enjoyments are augment- ed by an examination of the works of nature, will meet with such encourage- meut, as shall enable them to produce at least one number, each three months. rm ERRATA. When cescribing the Paludina vivipara of the first No., I omitted to men- tion that it sometimes varies to a brownish colour, with fuscous bands ; and shia variety is represented on our plate 10. No. III. Price, $1,50, coloured. AMERICAN CONCHOLOGY, OR DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SHELLS OF NORTH AMERICA. ILLUSTRATED BY COLOURED FIGURES FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS EXECUTED FROM NATURE. CONTENTS. Alasmodonta confragosa, a Se ee ee wees ree Amphidesma transversum, - - - - - - ~ -XXViil i ” wquale, - - . - - - - xxviii Fusus cinereus, - - - - - - - - - XXIX a corneus, - - - - - - - - - XX1X Paludina intertexta, - - = - - - . . XXX » 9 ponderosa, - - - - - - - XXX » »” subpurpurea, - - - - . . - - XXX Sigaretus maculatus, - - - : - - - - XXV » 9)‘ perspectivus, - - - - - : - - XXV Scalaria clathrus, var. b. - - - . - - XXxvii 4 lineata, - - - - - - - - XXvii » » multistriata, - - - - - - - - XXVvil Vnio dehiscens, - - - - - - - - - XXiv *? phaseolus, - - - - - - - - - Xx ” ~ tetralasmus, - - - - - - - - - Xxlil Venus grata, - - - - - . - = - XXxVi NEW-HARMONY, INDIANA, Printed at the School Prese. (Semembey, 1830.) i o : y. a) ae) ee Oy) we ,Y ee pa 4, ubks vi sip r a - Be a 7 Lae ¥ i By Alia AWK i uy i aaa i i ! a cae 7 ‘die i ih a 7 : . ap HM im Ph P) ye Pa Me’ ay th 4 : diwAl lt by i : Ha cA na ae tig i, i Ae hin et 0 ae) | We hee ie ste A Wd) ae vhf o” iP 1 a ; i wh ' ser a we bay Vy Hi im hy? Nee By is +" mm me a Hi a ‘ie -: nf ea? - 4h pat ae ae ea, a ey cil ui y ils pd hs if i : 7 a LAO ‘Ae ve mx ie i ve om ee Fy Bry mi ee i ve ie ‘ ah cl) Ge yi" eae my mee Eh ct ae c Mens poe tits ‘ Die tee 1 ce oF | ae ie ah Ne Bae as yen” Famer le ae Uy 4 a Pag" ee av “1 i. ay WHE Oy, Sai aha ny Ade ies Ragite a he rm a eva a | q rales iy ae foal r ia>.\ alsa A “ . ~ ‘e ave Li Rit, ¥ bh 4 v0 ) i ToC ee i ‘AA 8 ihe : td Be eh SMe ited are mC: me wee ‘ae ae a pk i. [ " PA Wo damier. ie ar ey Ke cis ; i i‘ _ Bali ee * hee Sah 7 a i j oii Pk Peal ih pn Oe m i y c ne ‘a, afer , fq per i ‘it yy ipo uy ue my, ie ks 4 iis l ui we Cay Ps ad Eee | ie en, ae rT } iy DUN A , A ty 4, ae : He i A ee oe my Pa Tine “Vy i an : ie, . y nar ‘fy. l, RY ry oe “) AY ans ae A tells 0.) ea ae ar ay. je «ade 7 ae RSS Neh ole 2? Bye hai) o% . we | ee ae pies hy + ad 3 beh il Vener Ay y ‘ee gal Mian i cee RL seas i ei Pte ee ae eee 1% et Gusta a ee ‘ di : i” Cay ce y Mey, ae ai ig yr ie Ai’ rm 7 : > . " re a ™ |) ea at > - fy rs. ) A SS ae Pegt* Te ye. es Soe ries, aa ww Pes) Hi ie , / by a) ay Py ie oe ‘oy i " id i rat ’ a “a : Ae ae els wo ene dy Cn : Tree eee . ais tA y we , » o ae) 4 A: “7 an J as i eta * vill: ane q ‘a § . i iY ei : ) We an ¥ ’ ie = V9 ew ay ny Fe Nae es ay” ~ ‘ his 0) i aC) aon 2. Baan fii " Lae) . ae Pe ee : ‘ ey at yi sen iittala Fes | a Ta Fe ee PPO cra dh = 2 Rm i \! ae a ‘ Ah u a me ee o'a aes ; s, ish ee , abl ne yy - Ai + Str » rit Bias} . ‘Va! % oe Rye mi, ru pi - on i Aad if bhi ba a “ _ - aun j id ; Vaal) awe ya p f ca ve ye Ps a “4 ii pee 2 hie Sa ee Soh ABh <7 Pi as " el a ve a : yy oa mv . y i fee eae as Wan Po palletes ie ac Ayla i” pion et aa aint edhe, labels fF Et peer ae eS nT GAIA Wey eater a | “9 ¢ ay 5) ae an A y Sarees id vein mY; . : 1 4 ee ee J rae 1, | i a =} aan : 7 > mf y \iiaie ; (a: a + sib | a I fom Rice. aon Re ee he - - 7 7 a ie Ae 7). al, ne 1 0 y Ate rt * . : i if (hd : a a od jh 7’ 0 gS). s “A ic eee fish ie te a) ca 7 Hd iy Fu ue & ae Aa |g over heat os as ie af a4 hie eee p. an f hehe a so a o sing - vas Mis “a ~ i hb 4M ("ad a an Rig row eae. ; 7 1 7 (gee, Sm ‘A a suit iu) Ht ek A ak pry ee - oO) oe * oo baie My in coy id ap: nS < v4. a. @ ¥ : at oy Tihs mn ‘ Rut aye ei a} at ieee Vipvy, f a a ar) “i * wae a Abies! P| Tah po iy i Ai A ale Wiiey ys pe ee, it 7 ie wl see “ie ¢ eis 3 : “ - i if At » ti ie Re ard os Vea! er i aay wy, Ay “7 a aie en: fi i. Pal! ae é fui ae fal. CS eee” a Th ‘ Ain ia Te 7 ear ya ee ay 1 , " ; ns, 7, At a 7. ie | wee A Re wi WW iy ; ir ile No rte ‘phen os TN 9 a mg. $ am _ * ot ey, Ye ; rae Me i. nA, " ae ey Bits) n im '&F is & ed * in o a a F Birt iP) da i" an aye pita) ye) he oh Ta a Te i. a LAs ot a ail ra nee ne Te 1 ; Pa i, 7 uh A Oe a (i 7 a : a t i yi vt 2 ’ a } ~ - ue a ato A. } 0 = ; 7 - i- y 7 Pal, itva 5 SA ae, Soap Ni ’ gee ; ah y : b das pt ne } oe - » ae Be nD - ® Ve i iA out ity ie iN ; ‘im we ett Fh PS i do se pei i, awe : ’ a : a : ue ao i i mh) : 6 Asi Mr iyes wu a4 NA rm " i ue i ek 4 "iy _— 7 y we ’ ele Ta’ vd} OL | ae a Uh et ial ag _e he? Ui ("s 2 t Matin aed Cun it ity) AO), ane i id A “, ea I Sy (oe og” iat is a See reais Te | 4 MOCHOR cis a ah foe eae ‘ sue haha yr» yee F ae ‘te ayy nT mr we 4 a i he we ih wip ny Me “7, yr & Ae i wt an bi " A Le : " q re fi ah Mh \ , 7 ie a oy yy 7 a _ v wie a i ws By, Ss u ov le Ie oa. a A ee Bae By ae ne ee AM Wan as yee, Je iy ee ney e qa a Tear, y J 7 i = s me ts na ” > \ : i's eee iM pf 4) = ay nie & mh ial ig a: | } _ 7 : 4 en ‘i, i y, ' - el = Pp va ‘e 7 7 PEMD Pc 5 an ’ a) | La ae 7 7 : Wh, ie ai" nie I Ay LA eae he) le St ders ; a 7 A ee "il Say eee Ls es i ie F rere a . “i Sib, ie hi i i] a ne aw vy 7 oe wa Dy, iA: Py . Mii nA 4 vs 4 a ron i if r /* Tae i “4 f 7 we bs 10d ¥ , a ii wih - ae ry, el a ‘ yh) wan a: i i “-n ' 7 ea ih - Th ® * " ll NEO I I ta, eearmuase Ute tras Wma AN OTER, Bs Ph ada Ltd agitl) Maggies el HY wie avis NOGA AANA gate eI MM” Say Det eh teiplgrevemernenes sme ca 5 he Song 7 ye ~ ee ee eee ALASMODONTA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell unattached, transverse equivalved, inequilateral : cardinal teeth one in each valve, irregular, simple or bipar- ted ; lateral teeth none ; muscular impressions two princi- pal ones ; compound ligament exterior ; palleal line entire, uniting the two muscular impressions. OBSERVATIONS. { formed this genus to receive several species of fluvia- tile bivalves, which the characters of Unio and Anodonta exclude. Lamarck placed some of the species in his genus Unio, notwithstanding his character of lateral teeth “allongée, comprimée, se prolongeant sous le corselet.” Blainville in his “Manuel,” has placed the genus as a sub- genus under Anodonta, with Iridina of Lamarck and Dip- sas of Leach. Cuvier in the first edition of his Régne Animal unites all the genera of this family in Anodonta and Unio; and is still followed in this arrangement by some other naturalists, upon the principle that inosculating species destroy genera. They appear to forget that the same principle would reduce those two genera to a unit, and would in fact eliminate a great portion of those groups, in all departments of Natu- ral science. Four different names have been applied by as many writers, to designate this genus. Leach called it Damar- K is; another name, according to Swainson, was given by Dr. Turton ; and a third, that of Margaritaria* by Mr. Schu- macher. ‘'T'oall these generic names the A. margaritifera of Linné was referred by their respective authors, who do not appearto have beenacquainted with either of the sev- eral species which inhabit our waters. Those who change the orthography of Anodonta to Anodon, will write the name of this genus Alasmodon for the same reason. One author writes it Alasmidonta and Blainville changes it to Alasmisodonta, without abbrevia- tion. But those who ‘assume the task of rejecting genera in this family, in order to be consistent, must revert to the principles laid down by Ferussac in his “Essai d’une mé- thode Conchyliologique” published in 1807. He redu- ces all the Naiads to the genus Unio, and the remain- ing parts of his system, chiefly, correspond with this view of the subject. Mr. Sowerby in the Zool. Journal, 1824, has made the same proposition, though in his “Genera” he retains Anodonta, Iridina, and Hyria, as wellas many gen- era in other families, which the same principles of arrange- ment would abolish. Ferussac, however, in his “’Tab- leaux Syst.” 1822, has concluded to admit four of the gen- era; viz, Anodonta, Hyria, Unio and Castalia. PLATE XXI. * Essai d’un nouveaux systeme des habitations des Vers Testaceés, 1817.— The priority of this date would lead me to adopt the name given by that author, did it not appear that the work was not published for several years after it was printed. It was not known to the naturalists of thie country, France, Germany or England until the year 1824. ALASMODONTA CONFRAGOSA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER, Disks with short, oblique undulations, and tuberculated beaks. SYNONYM. ALASMODONTA CONFRAGOSA. Nobis. Disseminator of Useful Knowledge. vol. 2, p. 339. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversly suboval, very dark or blackish: disk convex, with oblique, irregular, abbreviated undulations, not directed towards the beak; and numerous, more or less abbreviated, slightly elevated lines from the umbo, be- coming obsolete towards the base, those before divarica- ting towards the hinge margin: beak with a groove and double series of three or four tubercles: dunule, or cavity of the hinge membranes somewhat arquated: within white, margined with opake whitish, or violaceous. OBSERVATIONS. This species was first obtained by Mr. O. Evans ina side stream of the Wabash, called Fox river; several speci- mens have been since obtained but it israther rare. The teeth resemble those of the A. rugosa, Barnes, but are much less prominent. Ona passing glance it might almost be mistaken for Unio plicatus, Nob. The tuberculated beaks are somewhat like those of the figure 9, plate 248 of the Encyclopedie Methodique, but that is represented to have the lamelliform teeth.— The largest individual Ihaveseen measures three inches and a halflong, by five and six tenths broad and two and a half inches in convexity. Ina particular, oblique. re- flected light, the surface exhibits a tinge of dark green. I have recently received several specimens from Mr. Barabino of New-Orleans, near which city he obtained them, and where they are probably not uncommon. He did not state the precise locality, but I presume they inhab- it the sluggish waters in the rear of the city, and not in the Mississippi. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Three views are exhibited of the shell. PLATE XXI. mt “1 we a | ae 7 7 mai A m) ie a ua , i : a? 7 a Ons : ni wn" i a ae) Pele Wiad ee — a a te ». ak =. ¢ @ y ea x 7 _ a is , A all : -_ d fas io : > - o : igte. : 4 ee a us ee i oe o : if 7 at al g h ui _4 aed 7 7 - ,: , ti yeas — r “a — a =A a Du i : ae a 7 (7 atte nd ats ; ; : aie oe ; aie i : - : a. oie a Panam Goo eee _— , 3.- Df 7 ‘ € a] 7 : ” Hl pau, mnt sh - r * al oF hs 7 } n y a _ iy tag nt i) he on ae er er a : ~' oe } it : = bat : « ] - us : - 7 \ : rah om _ <7 ' - : A) o a ie = vy | aoa : > : - i : 7. au a ry a ry 7 ’ nh ’ : : ——- a) “@ a c ‘7 bf 7 i 7 +» ¢ q : ie 1 ~~ an : 4 - a Ld ie - : i ° a 7 - Tie Ww is line i 7 ' | rhe as 7 - rd As . ¥ 7 1 i 7 ; 7 7 ain ee . Pe: a . ‘ » § . _ . vs “ a _ 7 7 4 ' i va! . r Aine <> Ve hee "a 7 : 7 s ¢ : 5 sy” ' 8 7 ' as i @ te oy a ri ji | 71% : Qs 7 | art + i a 7 f ‘ ’ a |) - cn J ; ape ‘a ! ry a 14 ae 5 €e : ae | - 7 ae 7 7 Fy) ae er or en ah * : : a a | eT % : _ ) : : | yf , reer ss : _ % "108 oT if rt rae yh Vay 7 - : ra ie is im 9 ihe ee wT} AG 0OO" t i | { A L* Sivy Del. tee TARE NID oy copascerenyetit Le SONULSS cone ess _ eet Assen Ivor Presi an pee pre peneretnriess ay Weitere at. Fee. TA Ss Dia iS UI sy sy ao C Trebout UNIO PHASEOLUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Umbo compressed ; cardinal plate very thick ; lateral tooth short ; surface radiated ; beaks simple. SYNONYMS. Unio puaseouus. Hildreth. Journal of Science, vol. xiv. p- 283. Short and Eaton, Transylvania Journ. of Medicine, for February, 1831. Unio cunnatus. Var. Barne. (note to Hildreth’s essay.) Unio puanuLatus. Lea, Trans. American Philos. Soc. N.S. vol. 3 pl. 9 p. 13. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversly oblongovate, thick : surface yellowish brown, with several rather broad radii, which are often in- terrupted, by the larger lines of growth, into spots; disks and umbo compressed: beaks simple or not undulated : not elevated : cavity of the hinge membranes or lunule oval. acute: ligament not elevated: within white, somewhat grooved obtusely : cardinal plate very thick, with a con- siderable flattened space between the cardinal and lateral teeth : cardinal teeth rather small, direct : lateral teeth ve- ry short, oblique, and very thick: anterior smaller mus- cular impression immediately anterior to the tips of the lateral teeth. OBSERVATIONS. A striking similarity exists between this shell and the cuneatus and gibbosus of Barnes, the latter of which, how- ever, is somewhat more slender, the cardinal teeth larger, the lateral teeth longer, and the beaks undulated. In a note on Dr. Hildreth’s description of phaseolus, Barnes says it isa “white variety of cuneatus;” and it must be confessed that a considerable resemblance exists between some of their varieties. But the latter species differs in the much less dilated cardinal plate ; in having the anterior smaller muscular impression, situated imme- diately beneath the tip of the lamelliform teeth; in hay- ing the anterior lunule much more depressed, with slight- ly elevated lines crossing the wrinkles. The young, of a corresponding age, accurately resem- bles, in its outline, Barnes’ figure of his mucronatus, but his description of mucronatus agrees better with cuneatus than with any other species, certainly much better than with gibbosus, inasmuch as it is stated to be “purplish on the margin and whitish in the centre,” whereas the latter is more commonly whitish on the margin than in the cen- tre, and the “anterior lunule long, distinct, with a marginal furrow,” of mucronatus, agrees with cuneatus, but not at all with gibbosus. This species is found in plenty in the Wabash, and is probably also an inhabitant of most of the larger tributa- ries of the Ohio. The branchial oviducts when inflated with eggs, exhibit a series of tubes, which, when dried, appear granulated under the microscope; these tubes are dirty yellowish, with a few blackish spots near their tip; beyond these - _ a a 77 een Bde wee ne ee Ft y al he ae oe aL oe rou ave ay rn ei ia r 1 ons poy aeaeh Se Hf a * ap si ee ae ug nee i> (i ey) ae ae rg | re ’ a ah Ly 9 i i wan a pd ih Mad ha Wh di 9 ih. My sk Arey ah a i! ay ie 7 ae ] Wad we sll i He yg ; r py? Seiad oe Y ee ; - " iy vy a iit Bl: my nan ye Hh rae ; ‘*. At st i) i } if ifol i : yews Pale wu 7 (4 a a, : ; be a dian ay eis ath fe a mh an if 1a be . 1 Ay hy : y i oe ry 1 oa " iy ii cate a! ra mn } oY ie mht iy, ge aN i. . tas F Fai Ae Pee ee eu pe ae Ci eee. my i A hc fig Png ait ty 7 ee aM van A, ye wi] i Sak ha ange his iF a i TP ait : 7 t 7 - i FAR oe " mas i £ 4). 7 — i ' site Fetason ik ite a ee . Bite. a an eof ea: ds iP i+, a oe 4 4 Pee a eee aay, ae, ea i pai ont al i Riga y of 4 4 y al i ee OTS He Af Ma) 7 7 a dt A, Wa) Z Yr | . Atte mig iat Cher) ne eae f : : i) LAY : fh ee 7 oe ieee oo at ae " mt CALS r Lt ae r a oy iy ml 1 wis Pe, eeu ie Eee rate bet rp se wie en 4 i re . ae re i mel Mee, oO ; ae a ere nd i ae Di one ah ae ayn" fi sie Wai 0 i ie anda ee i {s bs a) Had fi ‘ie A fi i) ine tae gr va i *, nas Wis pen nh ie - j - 7 uy! a 7 i ie hogy i | Pd a. as fe oe y f oti i ui 1A ae veal a i} i Was ae Lae Pe ere f mes hes vt it a ir Ae : 7 ( i : wae cone a Pru, at Geis tal, . com Pe ite on if if rae vr pe , ' - vo { a DD a Ak 4 7 on el i A Mak uy an i —- ; -_ er oo" a teh UT ee 7 ee) < =i a a) a ae aly wh) et - ar i ie a fib 7 1s oy ria ( a oe a 7 sly! _ 7 an ‘ =i i” a to , 8 ve = ; = Pies 7 ‘on ay 4 i i ay wy : : 1-2 vs ae 2 epee: ld te u a ae a vs (ef ye : ; ; 1e. lh . OR bi Ne - : 1 - _ ; v H ve ’ Teh ii me 7. a i 7 i”, Sears bee " ' are ee eS -a fi . >» j - .? 4 aes : oe = - 1) 4 ’ - "3 7 ‘- i} 7 7 A i 7 ’ 7 ai = 7) U : : aD a mi : a) 7 7; uv a an Pig, : ? be rT Het) See & Wie : an ay ie i ndeh dt DS an hve Sa Bea) \s45 7 1s 1 : 7 oe : 7 i ty ae _ oe ; 7 as AF ’ nc” ar ij : © a - iy 7 7 : i 7 < + i - 4 ; , i. 7 me i Ps : + ‘DO * j oe aN 7 rn By i) i ’ LY ; By ) a ww or Pa ; an jake, i 7 : Fi y 7 a ai ee ; . q i ‘( Bg ie es 7 tr pa hd ale is a 4 y 7 ay ap Ie ty I 7 * uti aT A : if ci - Ore — a . fe ae io a ee Pe ee ee ; 7 ya) det 7 14) = 7 : pons : } Mi 7 u a 7 ee hi J nm J 7 a i -_ ¥ 7 7 | a hart , "a% a wer ws wy | 7 => » a a hae 7 wa) rea ie é ri ; - ' - 7 7 . _ _ 7 a ne TL Pave ate Ge" a) se a a ae . : er : a. Da oto 2 alk 7 _ nary F i. ligt : . _ Jai J s > 7 7 ar - aL 2. a i nighh 7 * pn Pa hh a : ey an cet ~ 7 oa : i is i i i i wt ae | ae, a ' \ Pana dil cen, Ma Fay a .* i ‘e a 4 Ny aps, sigh. oie Be) a dies ri, Ps Ne ae " i ae iv ietlgh ):)" 2A 43 ie Mae Wels pee a is Oe | j ¥ oi f - - ue : i i or . rae wir cr arn - 7 : Pasta aA aa A; ayy - at bie neers i" ; i Hoe , aT ee a iia ty eas 7 Van wire a ay (lone: ies, (ee fad lal } ay My His ald n eo } ' r a i Ti Pah Pree rh - - aah ay Pee ee es | ae har te oe eee ee re: ‘raw | ia i hs ne 4 Seah (fae : ay tidae iy ei iu it, Malesia il i rn Hi i bi 7 y, a ‘ hey ry ie mi ay iy Ah en i ie Sa | wee : et y Li ag i i rn in — | 7 OW RRR eet T's oa a a, ie 76 a iy vi, Wah. aL) Ai De ae | 4 a ih i: | re , ‘ a i ij ny it i i r Fh Ry . . uj ‘) Nw Miao by “ ie ane 5 ¥ i A Sih mA wa ao Mf a hb idee i, To 7 iy ij en . Matha) nie sie ai al cat ne 7 ye reine i ; ee Ls ie ur, os Lee i oe fi tan ‘ cli di qi a) ie i} bn, 7 ha hie Pr Anant OU a 7) yn EE |) ar In any Py a pe sed NO) a a an Wie ‘Ae ca til eae a a ii, -. if a hararini | ae a re Wim, 7 Tr oc ay af : a an i Pr, we amy Le % = jay oe aut + Bs ep ue me My Pay Cae ns vhs aw "baat ir it rue sie ia? a Z iw ia ty a eh) Le ; ay Ay rr aa) ie bit Bvt ray pian Pte 18 i) anita UM ri ae’ a Wad: a 7 I Y ba § j N) hy | Hy ; EY : s , " a » ville 7; oe : ‘) be itt aie ie me a Aaighhiv'ng Has tt eh ea -) : y 7 te snd f F ; Gar At forked 1 ae a shail Tas as, po) tile ite Phin i wie citrat h fala rh Ai f Na aah B Ci on hi at ae A! ei 2s) ey aU a wu) a ; ois ALAN : Wit ‘| " ae yee is ‘ie fi a it x ‘i lad Mi ude ve bt nai wil 7 b i any ie the we Sere Rar J ae , e eile!) 0, 4b UMLma Wan Wihh ed iveni sets — ~~ clipe _ ry TRESS ists secon re con ne GEERT at NE “op x Soltero 3 MY Say Del. Dd CTibout So* spots is a yellow band, the tip itself being bright sangui- neous. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The exterior, dorsal and interior views of the shel]. The lower figures rep- resent the branchial oviducts; that of the middle is a lateral view of a portion, of the natural size, as distended by the included eggs. On the right is repre- sented the summits of the tubes of which this organ is composed. On the left are two of the tubes magnified. PLATE XXIl. UNIO TETRALASMUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Transversely elongated ; lateral teeth two in each yalve. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely oblong-elliptic; rather thin, mode- rately convex: beaks but little elevated, decorticated : hinge margin parallel to the basal margin, sub-rectilinear : posterior margin regularly rounded : ‘anterior slope with two impressed lines: anéerior margin declining in an oblique rectilinear line from the extremity of the hinge margin to the subrostrated tip: basal margin subrectili- near: cavily of the hinge membranes (lunule) very slen- der, obsolete: umbonial slope not prominent: within white, iridescent anteriorly and on the margin ; numerous minute, slightly impressed, longitudinal lines : palleal 1m- pression not indented, curved beyond the anterior muscu- lar impression: anterior accessory muscular impression ve- ry large, separate: cardinal teeth transversely long, slen- der, very oblique: Jateral teeth distant from the cardinal teeth, two in each valve, equally prominent in the two valves. OBSERVATIONS. For an opportunity to examine this species I am indebt- ed to Mr. Lesueur, who obtained it in Bayou St. John, near New-Orleans. It is readily distinguishable from any other species. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Three views are exhibited of the shell. PLATE XXIll. Clrebout Set. 24 ML Say Del. UNIO DEHISCENS. SPECIFIC scan ean Anteriorly biemarginate: teeth obsolete. SYNONYM. Unto peniscens. JVobis. Disseminator of Useful Know ledge, vol. ul, p. 308. DESCRIPTION. Transversely much elongated, thin, rather compressed,” polished, pale yellowish green, or brownish, radiate with somewhat interrupted green lines which are more or less dilated and compound, and obsolete in the aged specimen; anteriorly gaping, and at the posterior inferior margin also gaping nearly to the middle of the base; a slightly impressed line on the anterior hinge submargin passes to the anterior margin, which is emarginate both above and below the line, and subangulated at tip: posfe- rior margin rounded, extending considerably beyond the beaks: wmbo and beak not prominent, with slight undula- tions on the latter: primary teeth consisting of a slightly elevated, very obtuse angle in the right valve and obsolete sinus in the left for its reception: lateral teeth denoted by an impressed line; cavity of the umbo slight, but with a deep, obvious and large muscular impression, immediately under the beak ; more or less tinged with purple. L OBSERVATIONS. The anterior emarginations, above mentioned, are obvi- ous in many species, but are more particularly remarkable in the present shell; they mark the situation of the tubes of the animal. ‘The form and arrangement of the teeth are very much like these of the monodonta, Nob. but the outline and other characters of this shell, as expressed in the above description and exhibited in the plate, are widely different. Tt is certainly an inosculating species between Unio and Anodonta, but traces of the primary and lamelliform teeth are, I believe always discoverable. It is an inhabit- antof the Wabash river, and is not uncommon. The largest individual that has occurred, is in length one inch and three tenths, and in breadth three inches and two fifths; but the plate exhibits the usual magnitude. The cavity of the beaks is often more or less tinted with purple. RBFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The nlate represents the exterior, dorsal, and inner views of the shell. PLATE XXIV. Me en . : an hs the il aU ib eid eee phe y au " -! = ft ae { f i" s a AL ei * SA peivev wise MN , sia? prot Ya gl | ae oni Tee ee ? a ; : a eign avetit ; ie Ae ar al , ad | fe ce - i : 8 ka A 8 dl nie ga Pe ar iY epee" i mer Abe )>) Rea Pa RR 1) olan Hi lg ne payer we ; 1 etait ier ed a ' Pure Rani , " a ay a ne iy ¢ \ihs, “ : » P ety a ae : ya Ae i. ha ie _ \ en a at AA | Fe ill Reads ’ Pat } WA: ye HAY, ' ‘ , Pry? fide OR a 1% : Om fi Set) earls hy m jal wr 4 7 i _ be. fl ’ ila , ie A — = hag eee ee nye ons vk ob , HEA te? ale OA Pi ae Ole lt ; eh i em: gee 4 | ; ai | ; aval j y y : 7 M® Say Del. 2S CTidbout So! “> — = = SIGARETUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell ear shaped, univalve, spiral, depressed; aperture very large, entire, embracing a portion of the preceding volu- tion, much wider than long; destitute of nacre: columella short, spiral: labrum simple: volutions two or three: muscular impressions two, distant: operculum none: a revolving slightly elevated line on the inner surface : spire lateral: periostraca none. OBSERVATIONS. There are marine shells, inhabiting various parts of the globe. Like Ovula, Oliva, &c., the shell is included with- in the mantle of the animal. Of the few species yet dis- covered, Linné considered one a Helix. Lamarck adopted the name of the genus from Adanson and placed it in his family of Macrostomes, with Stomatella, Stomatia and Haliotis, distinguishing it from the others by being desti- tute of nacre. He says, it seems to have some relation to Natica; and indeed some similarity is exhibited by the 8. concavus of that author, and an allied fossil species which Mr. Hoeninghaus sent me under the name of canalicula- tus. But as those shells are external, or not enveloped in the mantle of the animal, the relation must be considered as of analogy rather than of affinity. Cuvier, who examined the structure of the animal of a species of this genus, but we are not informed which, _cither by name or description, says, it is so much like that of a Buccinum, that “to make of the Sigaretus a Buccinum, it is only necessary that the whorls of the shell should be less unequal, and should be elongated into a more acute spire.” ‘The animal as delineated in his plate, or that part which is visible from above, consisting entirely of the ex- panse of the thick, fleshy mantle, is oval and convex. On the anterior margin, a little on the left, is a deep emargi- nation, which is the extremity of an open canal beneath, originating above the neck in the branchial cavity, to which it conveys the water, and in which are two pectinat- ed and vascular Jamelliform branchiz. 'The shell is en- tirely enclosed in the convexity of the mantle. The head is formed as in Buccinum. The tentacula are conic, with the eyes at their base. ‘The vent is posterior to the canal and before the middle of the body. ‘The foot much smal- Jet than the mantle and also oval. The sexes are in sepa- rate individuals. Blainville has formed a new genus under the name of Cryptostoma, for one or two East Indian species, the shells ‘of which though more depressed, are altogether generi- cally similar to Sigaretus, in which other naturalists place them; but the animal, agreeably to his description, differs in having a more elongated form, appendiculated tentacu- ‘a and but one large branchial pecten. PLATE XXV. SIGARETUS PERSPECTIVUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. ‘Depressed ; beneath, revolutions visible almost to the summit. DESCRIPTION. Shell oval, very much depressed, but a little convex. witb numerous, transverse, slightiy undulated, sub-equi- distant, impressed lines and longitudinal wrinkles ; trans- verse lines obsolete beneath: spire not at all prominent, only a little convex: volutions about three: sufure a sim- ple impressed line: within, the slightly elevated line is more or less obvious, not reaching the margin of the la- brum: revolution of the whorls visible almost to the sum- mit. OBSERVATIONS. This shell is abundant on the coast of New Jersey and farther south ; but I have never had an opportunity to ex- amine the animal. I have carefully compared many specimens with a shell sent me by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, under the name of halio- toideus, 1. but which seems more accurately to corre- spond with the /eachii, Blainville, as figured by Sowerby m his “Genera,” and of which Blainville has formed his genus Cryptostoma. So striking is the resemblance that I have hesitated much to consider it a distinct species. The chief differences appear to be, that the present spe- cies has more general convexity and the spire itself is slightly convex: beneath, the breadth is less considerable between the outer margin and the edge of the mouth, and the revolutions of the spire within are much more obvious. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The upper and lower figures are the superior and inferior views. PLATE XXV. SIGARETUS MACULATUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell with two maculated bands. DESCRIPTION. Shell oval, depressed, with very numerous, transverse. hardly undulated, subequidistant, impressed lines, and lon- gitudinal wrinkles ; the transverse lines are obsolete be- neath ; two bands of pale rufous spots, and a rufous band near the suture: spire hardly prominent, slightly convex : volutions about three ; sufwre a simple impressed line : ap- ature very large. * OBSERVATIONS. Although very much depressed, this pretty species is more convex than the preceding, and the spire when view- ed from the side is more distinct ; the stria also are more close set. It differs from all thespeciesin having coloured spotted bands, and within it has a slight pearly appearance. This species in found on the southern coast and is rare. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The middle figures are the superior and inferior views. PLATE XXV. tg ; Rony elme ti som oat as ora sos | sae a > gti niesingg( a is, aor ¢ ati og Spe 90 | if Uiteoq idgife 2 aed, tiaidiiw pee ee 4 bar: $2B0% M19 ldo ost ce ba t ag Aas: | : / ; a , se -. 3 4 ; f : - - z si mr ite am rien ry : 7 ae ; Ps. anni: ; seissta bas r0iteqne off siseoruptainivmedT > ae | 7 VRE ee \ ’ i v @ sng ' \ ey © ra ’ Wie. Eas § ‘ a - s " S d “ r. 5 “ ne a y A en i, . x ie Pi y be : 4 , PsA, : ae ae ;\ ee , | : oO : af | ano ; ae ‘ ae a bs a 7 } ; ; r : | | genie ae ah igo ; i ars yr sais ges a Pom 4 . “aa al Jaa cae . 1 . ; i ee nas -, is fe ry gh, aw : ‘wi <. : Win, Lis - or \, 5 zi will fa. an AASD . DE M"* Say Del. 26 CTiebout Se* VENUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell equivalved, inequilateral, regular, closed, trans- verse or suborbicular ; cardinal teeth three on each valve, approximate, anterior and posterior ones diverging from the summit; ligament exterior; muscular impressions two, not elongated, remote, connected by the submarginal impression, which is deeply sinuous before. OBSERVATIONS. In this extensive genus are included some of the most beautiful of bivalve shells. Linné referred to it species of the following genera: Petricola, Venerupis, Sanguinolaria, Corbis, Lucina, Donax, Astarte, Cyrena, Cyprina, Mega- desma, Cytherea, Venus and Venericardia. Although those species have been since eliminated and more natural- ly distributed, yet in consequence of the great accessions from the zeal of modern observers, and owing to the con- siderable variation, both in sculpture and colouring, that many of them undergo, great difficulty and uncertainty of- ten meet the conchologist in his endeavours to ascertain species, and more than usual caution is requisite in deter- mining any one to be new. In general form and exterior appearance these shells are undistinguishable from Cytherea, but the hinge of the lat- ter has the posterior cardinal tooth situated immediately under, and parallel to, the edge of the lunule in the right M valve, and a recipient cavity in the left valve, similarly si- tuated. Cyprina was separated, from the circumstance of having an anterior, lateral, remote tooth. Venerupis is very closely allied to Venus; but the cardinal teeth are paral- lel, and not divergent asin Venus; they have the habit of perforating and residing in limestone rocks. Sowerby has changed the name of Venerupis and united to it seve- ral transverse species of Venus, such as papilionacea, lite- rata, &c., some of which or perhaps all might enter Schu- macher’s genus Tapis. Several other genera have been separated from the Linnean Venus,such as Calista and Ar- themis of Poli; Arthemis, Loripes and Meretrix of Ock-- en; Orbiculus, Trigonia, Chione and Tapes of Megerle, and others by Schumacher, but as we are unacquainted with thecharacters of several of these, we cannot estimate their relative value, though we readily assent to the neces- sity of areform in this numerous and somewhat artificial group. ‘The animal of Venus has the foot rather large and com- pressed ; the mantle is undulated and furnished with a se- ries of cirri; the tubes are moderately long and united ; mouth small, semi-lunar; branchiz not united, broad and short. Lamarck described eighty-eight recent species and six fossil ones, and Blainville states that Defrance announ- ces forty fossil species. One of the most useful of our shells, the Clam, (V. mer- cenaria, Linn.) belongs to this genus, but Schumacher has separated it under the generic name of Mercenaria. It is the shell of which our aborigines, with much persevering labor, formed their wampum beads which they valued so highly, and which they strung together in the form of belts and other ornaments. PLATE XXVi. VENUS GRATA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Granulated with longitudinal and transverse strize ; whi- tish, with dotted rays of pale ferruginous and blackish : blackish oblique lines before. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely suboval, convex, with very numerous, close set, longitudinal strie ; those on the anterior two- thirds of the shell have a slight appearance of folds, or as if each one originated beneath the one posterior to if in a somewhat imbricated manner ; these striz are granulated by very numerous transverse striae, which are more obvi- ous on the posterior third of the shell, and almost obsolete on the middle: colow’ whitish, somewhat tinged with green towards the umbones, broadly radiated with very pale ferruginous and dusky purplish, with numerous dots and abbreviated lines of purple-black: anterior margin with transverse, oblique, purple black lines : posterior mar- gin pale ferruginous : Awnule dusky, bounded by an impres- sed line: wmbones not very prominent: hinge margin nearly rectilinear, terminated anteriorly by an obtuse angle ; in this part the edge of the left valve laps a little over and conceals the corresponding part of the edge of the right valve: ligament deeply seated: posterior margin round- ed: dunule impressed, distinct by an impressed line: with- in, very broadlyjmargined with violaceous; margin crena- ted: intermediate tooth emarginated af tip: anterior tooth of the left valve also emarginated. OBSERVATIONS. This beautiful species was presented to me by the late Mr. Stephen Elliott of Charleston, $. Carolina, as an inha- bitant of the west coast of Mexico. The coloured lines on the anterior part of the shell, are somewhat like those of V. geographica, Gmel., but these lines have a bluish shade forwards, are more regular than in the figure of that species in the Encycl. Meth., and as a species it is widely distinct. I have an indistinct recollection of a figure resembling this species, but I cannot recall the work, for the purpose of comparing the characters. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The exterior, dorsal and inferior aspects of the shell are represented. PLATE XXVI. i . Aan f aie 0/9 Ae | ih 7 Blast va mat AA ADT aE hk 6 le OP a ol ts OE a Hie si mt eet sei i} livemiogn'y: a ha " nN il, e $e eee bent. Brie, vias! cine nen A isla ae en fil rt iss nm itis a Sr HS ies ia it A py ae sins a ‘iy p ayer ail gad ae i vb a K ai) of, " wy Wee fat a, han et ; ME ig a8 a ge i, i, wp ie ee: Mi 5d ites MOT i's " a ay ia, i seine Wi Tau : Y i rae ee ore iP ] i ieanreceran De Un Teena tr A wre if a (691 bie sien M ai Hai Pa or we, i : fy iw i alii iia ns: ve ure (ls aT vie p Wika: a 7 : af eS ’ a \ S ii ii iar : if iD tl ne i ™ Bia a at » ph rin ay insta Mi Ard i pane dal , vy ae a = ae 4 = => el 7am - van | a) ; , B. Fe Mert re pe ae ren uv (ane, ay ae | Ql rie ie Pe a a re aay) ve Nm i Ae mm ‘. en bse os abd 7 ah) if if Ve a if helt bie hile i” : y i sh sh ‘ wi ae y ‘ ‘ ais A A ; , A -! : i if a} We er est / rt in ” he i. ‘ ae : . a) v + aN.. ih) me: : . ath ia she ake a rah y . s i" i ee i a ae : cnah of yeare ‘ie ” gis 1 a ne ry : ae . Ue \ he ( i da we 7 pe iy P y oan a a Pi ‘st hi bid oy 7a i ue a oh pee ey P= es a) =f) ) i) irom) © , ! Li id fr tee ae ea ' @ hy" ay ni we, a : oe Ad i " ‘ a f i 7 ’ ‘: i ie } ut , iy Mt fy iy 't y oy q Pn at a + yey we phy ia oad aa Lp, i Hip : . ap af bh ge aa ane | i + ia om 7 (ie i Mi - + il iG : 7 7 vee a, wie, a w= = Gi | Ee mn ¢ Ae is aye 1c, " fa ii; il vig i; yh ast il ws 7 “ee y a a r : r eT yi ri n > an ; a 7 ' - : i ity: =f 7 ices a etd : J my > 7 i y ; - 1 : 2 . te) hi As 7 oun Lane = y eS Oe Fee ak em oe ee eee la ise Se pee oP ee . —s ir : oo a > 7 - Tin ) w . ] 7) ld 4 i : : iy ru ) tp : “4 : a om 7 | ) ; 7 ‘ ii = : 7 = . om id ¥ Y rT ° ¥ \ a iaih vee’, r 1) . yr ; . P 7 } 2 o>, nae 4 © Sih oee, : . 7 a ee > a > a i — _ + i D pili ; Me | ae! a by. ut yy 7 a) it ¥ id i ‘ a oF. Fi) . , wo 7) ‘ : ' uw ‘ ie eas : at am J 4 A : ; b ; Se im) a ’ : 7 bees fy - ” whe : on ii _ of ba - M Pir), a ; Cin : a Vee - ~— dey : 4 mr 7 : ra a o * a ate wa o 5 oA Y We we : vt : Aor : ” q _ _ = aN rae tn 7 2 zs Ee wv pr an im oe ia win o a i } an Ae, 1 t a en er . ‘t : ; 7 i neu a 4 7 Ball ; i fae y, Pa ; = a ne - oy h ‘ai nt a i a f : } id VW “a 7 i 2 _ : ‘ ” ‘ ara 4a r 1) 7 . : . ” > 7 r Gath es A vo = 7 ae 7 7 Nig et . oF if | » - ; 4 ee " i a = co : rh - J ne J - a i : 7 . 7 a } ty P i 7) y a det ae a ro pe oy - _ « i wits " aa mh " a; AG " ad i" _~ 7 o 7 a : : gins _ ui j ari i A Te we ia\ a! ) ny Ch ns | wt ae ; : : ; Ar ed ae : 74 ‘ : | fr; sy. © tpt oe i ee rad ie dS ae 7 ; 7 J 7 i >. | init Lp 7 hp: Wise a ‘ ; - a ih i 4 - « la ; , 7 oY * - on" a j Mg 4 Dent iz , 7 - Dale =a)? ‘a a : a Letter t > ° ‘ ~ . : me ¥ y - a nee | - yy al in * sD n : | a ‘ \ ; Dies oe ii } int oe ; “7 ' Nt a eh we re . a es ee Brn. phd — a bet: = Mi Cie ie wy eee te | a oy mu 4 ree J ‘add aye : ii = a a ee ee OL, brats Sve! (ms oh a 7 . 7 ‘4 aye ae ‘Fe Pe me A | aoe i a wd stes A il dM a ad a) 1 we i i bi le ; iy: ee b \? : x mys 7 A 7 “ le . Ht q Bas 7 ta ei bike J eo : bai) ie *e - ) Ae : © ; a! ? ' Vy te bi a a ee (iar ' +) A Cpe 7 71 7 i ail ai ee tel Pogdl ee wR P L y ess ae Tee mys Mah ft >) bi iy hay re ‘in, 7 kh . - : Ty, my ik Ai " et a ili ere: ri | ie 1 tie ane ‘ i a ca | ila daalb nen 7 ne oT) a a) _ ne j vive is : wale a) ' a : : bl ae i: " - - i a iene) yam peel any f a is ul vy a as ba! 7 a wi Foe ey _ ; a We, lee Pass ne ie ait » tai anes ie Con en ia F ia pe a ne ak i) r : i , a yal A Men Rs, Maes a hie iy Le Tai, he iti q i, oo “ + ae ii ie v vi eat ne ' , rahe mic ape af 4 D' ee hoe ri. ah a, ia a " i) Le, hy * nt tor) ibe, el re mei me U |, bisa) AL Pe ; hin ie sat i ea i, ay ae } va i a te cesta He ‘ ca ie He rh (7 wT) ra ak ‘ a as " 1 nia | Aad, sax De 1 ) ty yo # gi of va L id yy eT ae wal ve a sah ime a at” vit i me), if re rr” 7 eer ‘ itt * il ei. a ei Phar fv) , if 7 ee Bal We ah re bia ia My - 7 Hl i} i i Ane Nat OT kayo, met Oe ay me: heat ed ui : Saree a io iy va aioe a ee wing 6 Py : 1 Wa a Pa } 7 i : Bi) 2)" oid om un e) Ween a piPAy un netve my neha iui fic: lit as ae fii of i je Bs pel Ram as Sei enll Laban. Aa wilt Bel ae ahi iyo! vw yy Dn’ hy 7) = A ae: bs ba, niet ‘i mat i iy ) 4 — | ie (ie 2 ‘ = : / eA ——- —F —— CTriebout Sot hg “J AL? Say Del. SCALARIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell turrited; volutions convex, gradually increasing in size to the aperture, with numerous, elevated, longitu- dinal ribs or varices; aperture nearly orbicular, slightly longer than broad; peristome continuous, reflected: oper- culum horny, spiral, thin. OBSERVATIONS. A genus of very pretty shells, known by the name of Staircase shells by some collectors, and with respect to the nature of which, naturalists formerly differed much. Favanne and Gaulteri and others, believed them to be closely related to Serpula; and Rumphius placed them in his Buccinum. Such as were known to Linné he refer- red to Turbo, on account of the rotundity of the aperture. In this respect they certainly also resemble Cyclostoma and Pupa; but the elevated ribs distinguish them from the first, and the successive and regular increase in the size of the volutions separate them from such species of the latter, as have slight rib-like elevations. They seem also to ap- proach some species of the genus Rissoa in the character of the ribs. The largest and most beautiful species, the scalaris, L. (to which Lamarck has since given a different name) was separated by Leach as the type of a new ‘genus, to which he gave the name of Acrona ; it is the “Wentletrap or royal staircase shell” of the English collectors, and Sealata of the French, belonging to the subdivision of this genus, which is distinguished by having the volutions separated, or only touching each other by the projecting ribs. ‘This shell was very highly valued, and Leach mentions a specimen “which was purchased at a sale for twenty pounds; but it is now (1815) estimated as worth more than double that sum.” Cubiéres says that in his time, a fine specimen of four French inches long by three inches at base, was worth six thousand livres. 'To the same division of the genus, it is said, about twelve species are now referred. Blainville, after Plancus and Muller, describes the ani- mal to be spiral, with a short oval foot inserted under the neck ; two tentacula, with a filiform termination, support- ing the eyes at the extremity of the inflated part; a pro- boscis?; a long canal at the anterior right margin of the respiratory cavity ; sexes separate. They are all inhabitants of the sea. Lamarck has cha- racterized seven recent and five fossil species; but De- france enumerates twelve fossil species. PLATE XXVII. SCALARIA CLATHRUS. SYNONYMS. Turso cuatHrus. Linn. Gmel. &e. SCALARIA COMMUNIS. Lam. SCALARIA CLATHRUS. uct. DESCRIPTION. ~* Variety, c. Shell conic, turreted, imperforate, white, immaculate: whorls from six to eleven, touching each oth- er only by the ribs, but with a very narrow interval : ribs nine to each volution, prominent, simple, a little oblique, somewhat recurved and with a more or less obvious, ob- tuse angle or shoulder above near the suture: aperture oval-orbicular: base a little angulated: Jabiwm distinct. Length from three-fifths to nearly nine-tenths of an inch. OBSERVATIONS. Inasmuch as the European specimens of clathrus in my collection are almost all coloured, spotted or banded and destitute of any obvious angle or shoulder on the ribs near the suture, and the suture is somewhat more contracted, I was led to describe this as a distinct species under the name of angulata; but as the clathrus is often, and per- haps usually, destitute of colour, and our specimens fre- quently occur without much appearance of the angle of the ribs, I have judged it prudent to place it as a variety of the clathrus, though I propose that it be separated under the above name. Lamarck describes a variety b., and al- though he quotes the true Linnean name of clathrus, yet he has placed the species under a new name, which agree- ably to our principle relative to the exclusive right of pri- ority of description, we cannot admit, notwithstanding the fact, that the word clathrus may apply equally well to oth- er species. Our shell varies much in proportional diameter. The body whorl, I believe never becomes so large as in some specimens of the European clathrus, neither does the whole shell ever become so long as in other transatlantic specimens. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The two upper figures. PLATE XXVII. SCALARIA MULTISTRIATA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Interstitial spaces with very numerous, impressed, trans- verse lines. DESCRIPTION. Shell conic turreted, tapering to an acute apex, white, immaculate, imperforate: whorls about eight, in contact : coste regular, simple, not reflected, equidistant, moderate- ly elevated ; spaces between the coste with very numerous, approximate, equidistant, impressed lines : suture well im- pressed: body whorl with about sixteen coste. OBSERVATIONS. Like the preceding, this is an inhabitant of the southern coast, and is about half an inch inlength. Mr. Elliot sent me a specimen from Charleston, South Carolina, and I ob- tained two on the coast of Florida. It is readily distin- cuished from the preceding species, by the very numerous small lineations that exist in the spaces between the ribs, and at right angles with them. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The lower right figure is a front somewhat enlargec view ; the line repre- sents the natural length, and the outline figure immediately above is an enlarg- ed representation of the interval between two of the coste, to shew the trane* verse impressed lines. PLATE XXVII. SCALARIA LINEATA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Coste on the body whorl about eighteen; peristome very robust ; body whorl with a transverse raised line. SYNONYM. S. uineATA. Vob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. ti, p. 242. DESCRIPTION. Shell white or brownish, conic-turrited, imperforate, with two distant, rufous or blackish bands, which are of- ten confluent into one, the inferior band almost concealed on the spire : costx robust, obtuse, little elevated and from: N sixteen to twenty on the body whorl : volulions in contact : body whorl with an elevated line below the middle, and on the superior edge of the inferior band: aperture with the margin robust, white, somewhat dilated at the base. OBSERVATIONS. This species is not uncommon on our southern coast. Its length is about half an inch. A variety oecurs, of which the coste are almost obsolete, and another in which each rib, particularly of the body whorl, has an impressed line. ‘The margin of the mouth is greatly thicker than the ribs. What I have called inthe above description an ele- vated line, is strictly speaking, the line of junction with the basal surface which is a little more elevated than the remaining surface of the volution, making a kind of step, and not in reality a simple elevated line. In my observa- tions on this species, in the Journal above mentioned, I re- marked that it “very much resembles the clathratulus, Montagu, but the lip is more robust and the basal portion of that part is more dilated.” REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. ‘The lower jeft figure is:a front somewhat enlarged view’; the line represents the natural jength, and the outline figure immediately above is a still more en- larged representation of the body whorl, to show the bands and the elevated line. PLATE XXVIII. oe : Le os (Se io | H i coe om ni ai ht ai i = aa f) bs. nite ive" : : Z iy iy ge send fe ag - iN 1 Pm . ‘ ait Bi | ‘oe ae | ERE eet Pei ny eae . ne P if ved ‘A i. ih ‘i i Aaa ek i aidlwivg Vy a ra Haha al wi at hat pia r alii “alu a . te hues oN en ‘ ve ri i eee i ss \ ‘ i} Tt tal or n ea, Noa | . o Cpe owe pri Bec eee M* Say Det. 28 CTiebout Se’ AMPHIDESMA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell rounded or transversely somewhat oval, subinequi- lateral; hinge with one or two cardinal teeth, and having a lateral tooth each side, sometimes obsolete; a slender oblique fosset originating immediately under the beak and passing anteriorly: ligament divided into two parts, of which the true ligament is exterior and very short, and the cartilage portion is interior, affixed in the oblique fosset : muscular impressions two, remote, not elongated : palleal line with a much dilated and profound sinus. OBSERVATIONS. The characters of this genus are very distinct and easily recognized from all those that have no part of the liga- ment internal. Lamarck first distinguished it by the name of Donacilla,which I think ought to be'retained on the prin- ciple of priority, and that of Amphidesma, that he after- wards applied to it, ought to be rejected. He has ‘associa- ted it, in the same small group, with Ungulina and Sole- mya, from both of which it may be known by its much dilated and profound sinus of the pallealline. Other gene- ra of his family of Mactracez have divided ligaments, par- ticularly Mactra, with which, in facet, Linné arranged the species ; but their cardinal fosset is more direct, dilated and deltoid, whilst that of Amphidesma is nearly parallel with the edge and fusiform. Lutraria is entirely destitute of lateral teeth, the valves gape and the ligament is fix- ed in a deltoid cavity. Blainville unites Amphidesma with Lucina and with Fimbria, Megerle, or Corbis, Cuv. But Corbis has lateral teeth ; an exterior ligament, though deeply seated ; and the palleal line is entire; it therefore does not belong-to the Mactraceze of Lamarck. ‘The lat- ter remark is also true of Lucina, of which the ligament is exterior, the palleal line entire, and the posterior mus- cular impression is elongated. PLATE XXVIII. AMPHIDESMA TRANSVERSUM. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Transversely short oval ; hinge nearly central. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely short oval, nearly equilateral, com- pressed, a little gaping: anterior and posterior margins subequally rounded, the latter somewhat more obtusely so: basal margin regularly rounded, without any undu- lation before: apex obtuse, but little prominent: cardinal teeth two: fosset dilated fusiform, abruptly very narrow at the beaks: Jateral teeth none: posterior muscular im- pression very slender, and elongated. OBSERVATIONS. This species is more transverse than usual in this ge- nus; it is altogether destitute of lateral teeth, and the pos- terior muscular impression is remarkably slender. It is superior in point of size to either the orbiculatum, or ra- diatum, Nob., though proportionally somewhat thinner. I obtained a specimen on the coast of Georgia, that is some- what worn; its colour is whitish, a little tinged with yel- lowish. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The middle figures represent the exterior, interior and dorsal aspects of the shel. PLATE XXVIII. AMPHIDESMA EQUALE. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Left valve with remote grooves instead of lateral teeth. SYNONYM. A. =QuALE. JVobis. Jour. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. 2, p. 307. DESCRIPTION. Shell orbicular-triangular, a little oblique, polished, white, with minute and numerous wrinkles towards the margin, which are almost obsolete on the disk and umbo: beaks subcentral, a little prominent : postertor margin rather lon- ger and much more obtusely rounded: hinge margin nearly rectangular : wmbonial slope with a slight undula- tion: anterior margin subangulated at base: cardinal teeth two in each valve, posterior one much thicker and more prominent ; the anterior one of the right valve is obsolete : remote from the cardinal teeth in the left valve, on each side is a long and deep groove, which receives the corre- sponding edge of the right valve: right valve destitute of any appearance of lateral grooves or lateral teeth. OBSERVATIONS. This is allied to the A. fenue and Boysii, Montagu, of the coast of England, of which however I have not any good description or specimen to compare, and it may pos- sibly prove to be the same with one of these, when com- parison shall be made. Since my quoted description was given, many speci- mens have been found on the coast of Charleston, for which { am indebted to the late Mr. Stephen Elliott. It belongs to the genus Abra of Leach. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The two lower exterior figures represent the natural size ; the upper ones are somewhat enlarged, the right one exhibiting the interior view, ana the left one is a detail of the cardinal characters, PLATE XXVIII. t Treboué Se! C. FUSUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell univalve, spiral, fusiform, canaliculated at base, covered with an epidermis, and destitute of varices; spire elevated ; aperture oval ; columella simple ; labrum on its edge simpie; operculum horny, subconcentric. OBSERVATIONS. ‘This genus was separated from the Linnwan Murex by Bruguiéres, who however included Pyrula, Fasciolaria, Fulgur,and Pleurotoma, which have since been withdrawn from it by Lamarck and Montfort. ‘The latter author dis- tinguished another genus by the name of Latirus, for the umbilicated species. Notwithstanding these improve- ments, It isstill acknowledged to be an artificial assemblage, and more divisions must therefore be made. Lamarck places the genus in his family of Canaliféres ; from all the genera of which it is distinguished by very obvious cha- racters, excepting Pyrula, which however consists of thin, more or less cancellate shells, (I mean the true Pyrule,) witha very short spire, and pyriform, having the greatest diameterabove the middle. But as Buccinum, in another family, is at present constituted, Fusus is allied artificial- Jy even to that genus. The species are numerous, and are marine. Lamarck enumerates thirty-seven recent and thirty-six fossil species ; but we are informed that Defrance makes the number of fossil species amount to sixty-six. PLATE XXIX. FUSUS CORNEUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Fusiform, unarmed, transversely striated; beak rather short, recurved. SYNONYMS. Murex cornevs. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1224. Pennant Zool. vol. iv, p. 124, pl. 76. Donovan Nat. Hist. Brit. Shells, vol. 2, pl. 38. Mont. Test. Brit. p. 158. (Dill- wyn.) | Fusus rsuanpicus. Martini Conch. vol. 4, p. 159, pl. 141, (Dillwyn.) Morex rsuanpicus. Gmel, Schrebers, (Dillw.) §ce.— Lister Conch. pl. 913, fig. 5. DESCRIPTION. Shell turrited-fusiform ; the greatest dilatation a little below the middle; unarmed: whorls about eight, convex, transversely striated and longitudinally a little wrinkled : epidermis pale brownish, deciduous: spire tapering, nearly as long as the aperture and beak, terminating obtusely : labrum simple, smooth within: columella naked, simple: beak of moderate length, slightly arquated and a little re- eurved. OBSERVATIONS. This is one of the several species of shells, which inha- bit the northern shores of America, in common with the coast of Europe, and particularly that of Great Britain, as wellas Iceland. The late Mr. Z. Collins, a zealous and enlightened naturalist, presented to me an individual which he found on the coast of Newjersey. The colour is whi- tish, but when living, it is covered with a brownish deci- duous epidermis. Although the name zcelandicus has been adopted by La- marck and other distinguished conchologists, yet with Pennant, Dillwyn and others, I have retained the Linne- an name, for the allsufficient reason, that it has the priori- ty; whilst, at the rame time, it has the advantage of being preferable in itself, as the sheli is not limited to Iceland. The resemblance between this shell and the antiquus, L. has been noticed by many writers; but that species is much larger, more robust, the aperture more dilated, and the striz much more crouded. Lamarck and others say that they may be distinguished by the rectilinear beak of the antiquus. ‘This also is a good character but in my ca- binet is a large and fine specimen of the latter, of which the beak is as much recurved as in the present species. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The upper and lower figures, PLATE XXIx. » FUSUS CINEREUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. With elevated costa ; and transverse, filiform lines. SYNONYM. F. crnEREUS. Vob. Journ. Acad Nat. Se. vol. 2, p. 236. DESCRIPTION. Shell rather short fusiform ; cinereous or pale reddish brown, with two obsolete rufous bands ; somewhat pon- derous, with large approximate, longitudinal, thick ribs or undulations, about eleven in the body whorl ; and trans- verse, elevated lines forming shallow grooves between them, and somewhat alternately smaller: spire tapering, acute: labrum a little crenate exteriorly by the elevated lines; within striate and purplish: beak short, a little re- flected. OBSERVATIONS. This species is common in the estuaries of the eastern shores of Maryland and Newjersey. It has considerable resemblance to two figures in Lister’s Hist. Conch. pl. 924, f. 16, 6. and pl. 939, f. 34, a. The first of which is considered an uncertain figure and the latter is said by Dillwyn to be the wndatus and is interrogatively referred to by Lamarck. Our shell certainly approaches the genus Purpura in habit, but it cannot enter with Lamarck’s cha- racters. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The two middle figures. DY ATR WYVTY () CT veb out MM”? Sav Del. PALUDINA. OBSERVATIONS. This genus may be distinguished from Melania by the construction of the operculum, which has no other than concentric lines of growth, whilst that of Melania has the lines of accretion spirally radiate. The name of the genus was adopted by Lamarck from Bruguiére, but Montfort applied to it the name of Vivi- parus, which is retained by Blainville in his plate, Oaien in the text he adopts that of Paludina. PLATE XXX. PALUDINA PONDEROSA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell thick ; labrum more prominent towards the base. SYNONYM. PALUDINA ponDEROSA. JVob. Jour. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. li, p. 173. DESCRIPTION. Shell somewhat ventricose, much thickened, greenish or olivaceous : spire prominent: whorls six, slightly wrin- kled across : suture deeply indented : aperture ovate, above narrowed a little, but obtuse at the superior extremity : /a- bium with much calcareous deposit, often thickened into a Callosity at the superior angle: /abrwm very obviously more prominent towards the base: within bluish-white. OBSERVATIONS. This shell is common in many parts of the Ohio as well as of its tributaries. In its full grown state it is very thick and ponderous, enlarging so much in its body whorl, as to appear very different from the young shell. In the early stages of growth it resembles P. decisa, Nob. from which indeed the back view would hardly distinguish it; but a sufficiently distinctive character resides in the lower part of the labrum, which in the decisa is not obviously produ- ced, whereas in the present species it is considerably ad- vanced as in many species of Melania, to which genus it is closely related. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Figure Ist represents a large and very perfect specimen. PLATE XXX. PALUDINA SUBPURPUREA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Penultimate longer in proportion than the other volu- tions. SYNONYM. P. suBPURPUREA. Disseminator of Useful Knowledge. vol. ii, p. 245. DESCRIPTION. Shell sabglobular oval, not remarkably thickened : spire jonger than the aperture, entire at tip: whorls five, slight- ly wrinkled across, rounded but not very convex ; penul- timate volution somewhat elongated: sufure impressed : aperture ovate-orbicular, less than half the length of the shell: dabium with calcareous deposite: animal very pale bluish, with minute yellow points, particularly on the ros- trum, tentacula and prominent respiratory tube, which is as long as the tentacula: eyes on the exterior side of the tentacula, near the middle of their length: the anterior portion of the foot is very short. OBSERVATIONS. This species was first found by Mr. Lesueur and Dr. Troost, in Fox river, of the Wabash. In the young state the figure is subglobose, and the aperture, although it hard- ly differs in form, from that of the adult, is yet longer than the spire. They become proportionally more elongated as they advance in age, and the form, therefore, of the adult, is so different from that of the young or half grown, - that in these states it may, very readily, be mistaken for a widely distinct species. The colour of the shell is variable. In some it is pale horn, more tinged with dull yellowish, than with green ; in others are traces of obsolete purplish bands, and in ma- ny specimens the whole shell is reddish-purple, more or less obscure in different individuals. In the autumn it is frequently found between the valves of dead Unios, in which it enters perhaps to hybernate. The species is certainly allied to the vivipara, butit cannot well be mistaken for it, as it is much less di- lated, the volutions less convex; the penultimate volution is much longer. in proportion to the length of the body whorl, and the umbilicus is obsolete. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Figure 2nd is that of the adult. PLATE XxX. PALUDINA INTERTEXTA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell with numerous, minute, transverse, epidermal lines. SYNONYM. PALUDINA INTERTEXTA. JVob. Desseminator of Useful Knowledge, vol. 2, p. 244. DESCRIPTION. Shell subglobose, yellowish green or brownish, olivace- ous with one to three obsolete bands, wrinkled, and with minute, numerous, obsolete, revolving lines on the epider- mis: spire depressed-conic, obtuse: volutions four, con- vex: suture deeply indented: aperture much dilated, short oval. OBSERVATIONS, This shell [ found abundantly in the lakes and marshes near New Orleans, and even in the Carondelet canal which connects Lake Ponchartrain with the city. It is remark- able for its globular form and for the numerous, obsolete, transverse lines, which seem like equidistant corrugations of the epidermis, having no effect whatever in modifying the calcareous surface, upon which no trace of them is ex- hibited. In good specimens two or three, obsolete, pale bands are visible by transmitted light. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Figure 3. The adult shell. 4. An old specimen. A. The operculum. PLATE XXX. * ri ah 64 ae A ast Higa x ; Be ag rs a , ~ mt t h, e- .: et ‘Na oi ‘ he ee ie oh NOTICE. The insulated residence of the author, precluding a re- ference to any other cabinet than his own limited: one, or toany extensive library, excites a fear that some errors in nomeaciaiure may oceur in this work, that under more advantageous circumstances might be avoided. In order therefore to render the “Conchology,” as perfect in this respect as possible, and that the interests of science may not be endangered by his local disadvantages, the author in- vites judicious criticism, which shall be inserted on the cover of the number with due acknowledgment to the writer. : No. IV. Price 81,50, coloured. AMERICAN CONCHOLOGY, oR DESCRIPTIONS SHELLS OF NORTH AMERICA. COLOURED FIGURES FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS EXECUTED FROM NATURE. CONTENTS. Arca lienesa, - - - = = a ° ‘ » e FP. xxrzyv: “© staminea, - : - - - ° - - - bh Builina canaliculata, - - - - - - - - w1ik Cardita tridentata, - - - - - - - - - x] Helix clausa, - - > - - - - - - - £2XVIL ‘* elevata, - - - - - - - “ ‘© profunda, - - - - - - : - - - ee Limneus elodes, . - - - - - - - - XRX! ‘reflexus, - - - - - se ‘« umbrosus, - . . - - . - os Siphonaria alternata, - . - - . . - - - Tzxviii Unio declivis, - - - - - - - - - : zx3¥ “ glebulus, - - - - - - - - - - ~ mxziv ‘* ynterruptus, = - : - - - - - - zxXih z3z)! * ventricosus, - - - - - NEW-HARMONY, INDIANA. Printed atthe School Pree. (March, 1632.) a ace sey ANG \ vig) y ue Me, ed ; “6 ene ye ~ ™ pete, tb LiVvIeIens Tt772 brostts, aS. 2 oh reflects, 5. Ags Say Del. 3 elodius, SS. Bale LIMNEUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell obloug, ovate, oval, conic or turrited, thin, smooth : spire prominent, more or less elongated: aperture more or less dilated, longitudinal, entire ; columella at its supe- rior part or junction with the labium entering the aperture by a very oblique fold or undulation; labrum acutely edged ; operculum none. “Animal oval, more or less spiral; margin of the mantle thickened on the neck ; foot large, oval; head with two triangular, compressed; earshaped tentacula; eyes sessile, at the inner base of the tentacula ; mouth with two late- ral appendices, and armed witha superior tooth ; orifice of the pulmonary cavity on the right and bordered by an appendage which can be folded in gutter; orifice of the reproductive organs distant ; that of the oviduct at the en- trance of the pulmonary cavity; that of the male organ under the right tentacula.”—(Blainville.) OBSERVATIONS. A numerous genus of fresh water shells, inhabiting al- most every part of the globe. The species known to Linné were placed in his great reservoir Helix ; in which he has been followed by many of the English Concholo- gists,even of late years. Bruguiéres, eminent for his use- Pl. 31. ful reform in this science, separated it from that genus, but did not distinguish it from his Bulimus; thus uniting the differently organized animals of land and water in one croup. It is very true that some species of these two na- tural genera resemble each other in the form of the shell, but they may always be distinguished by the fold of the columella in the present genus. Lamarck, aware that the animals were quite different in organization, and that the one has two tentacula and the other four, that one lives on- ly in the water and the other altogether on land, placed them in different families, and formed a separate genus (as Muller and others had already done) under the above name which is now almost universally adopted, for the present aquatic group. ‘The shell resembles Succinea, which however is destitute of the fold of the columella, and its animal has four tentacula. But of all the adopted genera, it is most intimately related to Physa ; and Sower- by in his “Genera,” has reunited the two groups. The peculiar fold of the columella exists in both, but the animal of Physa has the mantle remarkably dilated, so as to ex- tend over more or less of the exterior surface of the shell, and is digitated on its margin, and the tentacula, which are short and compressed in Limneus, are longer and almost filiform in the Physe. The shell also of the latter may be distinguished by being heterostrophe. For these reasons we agree with Draparnaud and most modern Concholo- gists in separating Physa asa genus. It would seem also proper to separate Aplexa of Fleming, the animal of which is destitute of a dilated mantle, though the shell itself re- sembles that of Physa. Mixas of Leach may also, perhaps, be separated from Limneus; it was formed for the L. PI. 31. glutinosus, Drap. which is a fragile, vesicular shell, the spire hardly elevated, dextral, and the mantle of the ani- mal is reflected. These shells are abundant in most of our lakes and ponds, as well as in the rivers, east of the Alleghany Moun- tains. In our western streams they are less frequent and eyen in some of them, are of rather rare occurrence. As the animal can only respire air unmixed with water, it is under the necessity of residing near the surface or shore, to obtain it. Which, as its motions are slow, it cannot do in rivers that are subject to very great, sudden and long continued changes in depth, as is remarkably the case with our western streams. In order to take in a supply of air the respiratory orifice is opened at the surface with an audible snapping sound, like that produced by the resi- lience of the nib of a pen. Like the animals of some other shells it is capable of sustaining itself at the surface of the water in a reversed position, the shell being downward, and thus it can glide along to a consideracle distance, by a slow movement. It does not appear to be capable of rising from a depth to the surface voluntarily : but it gradually reverses its position from a supporting body that meets the surface, or that ap- proaches it within reaching distance. Lamarck has described only twelve recent species, but many more have been since made known and several fos- sil species have also been described. PL. 31, LIMNEUS UMBROSUS. DESCRIPTION. Shell horn colour, tinged with reddish brown: gure elongated, tapering, acute: whorls six or seven, slightly convex, wrinkled across: body whorl measured at the back, more than half the total length: sufwre moderately indented: aperture less than half the length of the shell : labium with calcareous deposite, the fold of the columella is very slight. SYNONYM. Limneus elongatus, Nob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol. 2, p. 167. OBSERVATIONS. It inhabits in considerable numbers, the ponds and tran- quil waters of the Missouri, in the vicinity of Council Bluff, and Dr. Bigsby obtained specimens i in Rainy lake and Seine river of Upper Canada. J am under the necessity of changing the name which I first applied to this shell, that of elongatus being preoecu- pied by Draparnaud for a very different species. Pl. 81. The fold of the columella is much less profound than that ef L. palustris, Iu. which it resembles. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig, 1. Two views; natural size. Fii.ol LIMNEUS REFLEXUS. DESCRIPTION. Shell fragile, very much elongated, narrow, honey-yel- lowish, tinctured with brownish, translucent, slightly re- flected from the middle: volutions six, oblique, wrinkled transversely: spire more than one and a half times the length of the aperture, acute, two or three terminal whorls vitreous: body whorl very little dilated: aperture rather narrow: labrum with a pale margin, and dusky red or blackish submargin. SYNONYM. LIMNEUS REFLEXUS, Nob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol. 2, p. 168. OBSERVATIONS. This shell is remarkable for a narrow and elongated form, and for the consequent very oblique revolutions of Pl. 31, its whorls. When viewed in profile it exhibits a slightly reflected appearance. It was kindly sent to me for exam- ination by my friends Messrs. 8. B. Collins and D. H. Barnes of New York, and was found in Lake Superior by Mr. Schoolcraft. Mr. James Griffiths obtained spe- cimens in Lake Erie. [t is proportionally longer than. L.. umbrosus. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 2, Two views ; natural size. PI. 31. LIMNEUS ELODES. DESCRIPTION. Shell oblong conic, gradually accuminated, somewhat reticulate with irregular transverse lines and longitudinal! wrinkles: whorls rather more than six: spire acutely ter- minated: suture moderately impressed: aperture shorter than the spire: Jabrum, inner submargin obscure reddish : labium, calcareous deposite rather copious, not appressed at base, but leaving a linear umbilical aperture: body whorl on the back longer than the spire. Pl. 31, SYNONYM. Lamnevs ELOoDES. Nob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. i. p- 169. L. PALusTRis L.? OBSERVATIONS. I am indebted to Mr. A. Jessup for this species, who found it in Canadaigua lake, State of New York. Mr 5S. B. Collins subsequently sent me specimens which he ob- tained in a marsh near the Saratoga springs. It bears the most striking resemblance to L. palustris, L. of Europe and I am almost inclined to think it a mere variety of that species. "The fold of the columella is much more pro- found than that of umbrosus. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 3, Two views ; natural size. P). 31. i@ SAMO a rr. ik ee : ae “2 > Ooi: Tae Tien tan a they € Phe | . ilar el Ly cnet Lene rs De a ite ees Oe ne Ray re? Ge 4 Wien G ; Lae ds Ml ta a Fea bed a ™ veils at ae, ar ei pr ae ee ey : a 7 *) a stn a y isi es " ne ae pay ay Pry 4 Uy oot — PMO i) le hy ‘at a My a ee a ia on _ oS ee nile ak iit hi ‘aus Pa ‘ a iat mT : an Me m0 i o: ib rhe wy Pi te Ped tis \ nth it ‘ , 7" : vi mn iis a 3 ms aaa. ea: ae \ hg ty : , biel all hig : : Mik be va) cd uly fi ] oa wry a B | af Vie ae Aas ee -, p 9 oi a . strat a ; ar eis ee : hie. f * pod ey.) hae ee Lit at a SARs, ie a ; : vo 7 $4 AY, re a a oy OS ae ie a ud Hel si gh ae na nian F , f it Be pail mee, » 7 ‘ ri roy en mae. 2 oe) on : i é avi ire e, ee,” (MM ali Mr a hie ee as re %, 5 ay aaa ) ne na Nie ihe an . hen diay oF t et re Antsy ‘ker ei TG oR ee Aa re Ms run G. Py hain Niaoe OF ths m . ‘men 4 , in gas, os 4 Ae |, a a ie e ene ; i ry shale i a a ee Netigp! 2 r i. ‘atey ¥ ae 4 - 7 ay ‘ a i Abe ae Ai eM ; re) ii ; , i \ 4 1 a A n ’ A 7 AF i & eet vi J if ye ill ey Te! Pulao 1 0) a SR ie 6 Bid ie Ast Ry Men ni * Se hee" oy" : i iM a 7 an * ge LL a iiath) Y : * - i) ae es ei By ie 7 ve i. arr ) a AS. ag he a ddl ia ‘aa, iy a i eee Me pee ae fer fo Te lG aM Ts : j : oh ol “GS a al aro eye Ne gs fill ie nen “iy My ch iis ; - y ny hal. hak M hs i nina Yvan Ra A an ¥ ie - : Sedo) het 1 aac er Lids yale a be ‘at 7 : ots ae 4s a i fin thei r dei . im oy ae | De a ; ah) r fig add i oan. at in ‘ 7. on Fane V ‘ Mia 7 i he a ‘all tain van | ie i A i ene al 4 a fi ly * a) ‘he : ay i u ca a) vo fae oy P: " rie, a eg eet RSE: Te ee ta ed 9 ee vi ~ 7 i. i Le . 7 59 zt - ibe oe a pi vA. a » tire — ; x a) 4 lie a iy, a th rin iv er, ae? eh “a oh, , Na ae an i" Pe om ae RE aad we ) ae ae EE i 0 eR ee eee, Te n° a. ve . A _ ; + oy hi ‘ ie Px q : aur .) | ea ro. _ iy 4 ne o wy $y. he ieee c 7 via ¥ ay & 7a Lat one ce ln Tt ay ceo ee ie - ie ge ey ee ae a A a hi Ls ; ; 7 Py a : | : ; 7 ¥ mf ab Ta ae ay i ‘i et r ap Ae vrs mod “aie? 7 ve a ‘a A 7 i. : : , mi |* zt wT [a Oa uk >, ‘te van aay A * hy " _ - Lan 1. pe é: ie - om ie o dio De Mate We a Te Cie iM, Aris 7 U ; yo ne n} . “a : ros i _ fi p'.@ 4 sg ww | ; Om \y ” a ey \ a, ore): ih + ey RE a PX Aba ms (Pon Sip amet ts ti) ae > By eet oo oe eyed end Lh Oe Oe eee) | e : Vi ays AY i del AR fs am ay marie Mes iy | M "i ores 4 ST eee 20 6 PC i A Sa ee Og ae ey Os eS Fda a a I 4 ; 7 ro 7) \ ies i . 5 7 7 ri 1G 7 << +t of Be tt fa hon pe... vn yi, ail - y Sie “Eh, * 7 Sao y ; 7 ay Jha *. ly eli, e 4 wine rp? Ch) Ade oa Us 7 ; ae 7 Pe \« I An e Ma » “ik - ‘Pe a hee TARA 8 an " vo ‘ : Te n iY, i - ia ty wi - ae Sh : on ' ? Use a a ry Pie) de, al RA Pee eg rm SC hohts aaa mo! nS i 7 Dm av ‘Swe addi : er. i i f es ee ’ a) oe Lae, . al ae cl ; med r. a $ ae Cine 1 ies more) ea : re 7 Tae en “* a 8 re i 7 = 7 - AY f », 4 va : eouhl ie i ay : io Sie mu ae y ie La oy “ih ov io a 1 ng : a a - 0 a, eee oP =) i.) a is es io wt? g v : ; roll vi Asai c J - ut sy 7 ox 1G "7 ad vi) ae i Se OR a i eekly SS i 4 o a i ot, aA Se A Fe, aed P i) > Ws » a Aah Pat ‘_ : a) a 7 7 , pre, 7 aan a re on Je Avs Seen Ae 7 oe : A! (ae ee ee ee ee. ar Davie oT my n u ate Po aa a » ' ; ‘ 4 "4 a ny wis oy } ay _ ah * 77 - Y . fs a “@ i 18 wy Ls : a ry i anal 7 ‘ _ f AS 4 Ra Rie, ie ; ocean ei Hole {oo whe ys et ht n (age S53 ne “aaa * oP i - ’ ¢ k 64 es Ce ar a) ea ee . wW.. ie f ve ie > Tirta - 5 ae ee v i: - > wi Vere Te inf : te Pe 2. aa “ 7 we =h ALE 3 ob vs 7S mit wy w*y we 7 P oe ae ee ae ee Py aap ee) Abs oe he (oe " : > ha Pmeae | an ; PI. op) hinilley aia aaa ie i a ah are 2, 7 J ie es ' an i . Me \ ” wt WF ey _ 7 / a: a4 me ae oe = 7 a wl " . : a |) oe a a) Re. od Py ae ip feat’) :) eet a a . | ta edie te 7) - = — ead ints” wt " mae) |S Syyeieee* ee Bi, eee) i aa a a Aig i ie e) fi oh » is 4 _ th) ooh J. ll hh os Unie ventricosus, Larnes MP Say Del 32 L. Tyo UNIO VENTRICOSUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell large, thick, triangularly ovate, convex ; umbones iarge, round, prominent; beaks recurved ; cavity capa: cious. SYNONYMS. U. ventricosus, Barnes, Silliman’s Journal, Vol. 6, No. 2, p. 267, pl. 43, fig. 14, a, b, ¢, U. ovatus, Var. b. Lam. Anim. Sans. Vertebr. Vol. 6, p. 765. U. occiwwens? Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. New Series, Vol. 3. DESCRIPTION. “Shell with the anterior side very broad, sub-truncate ; posterior side rapidly narrowed, sub-angulated ; disks very convex; umbones large, round, elevated ; beaks recurved over the ligament; ligament large and prominent, passing under the beaks ; anterior lunule depressed at the margin, fuscous, broad-heart-shaped, longitudinally waved ; hinge margin depressed between the beaks; posterior slope cari- nate; epidermis yellowish-olive, becoming chesnut-brown on the umbones; rayed with green, more conspicuous in young specimens; in old ones the dark chesnut brown covers the whole and conceals the rays; surface smooth Pl. 32, and shining, reflecting the face of the observer; young shells are splendent, having a much stronger lustre on the outside than on the inside; cardinal teeth broad, promi- nent and obliquely flattened ; lateral teeth broad, elevated and terminating abruptly before; cicatrices large ; cavity of the beaks unusually large; naker pearly white; sur- face smooth, but not highly polished.” OBSERVATIONS. I quote the above description from Barnes’ very useful essay “On the genera Unio and Alasmodonta,” in which this species was first distinguished from the U. ovatus, Nob. to which it is very closely allied and appears to be absolutely connected by a gradual transition of intermedi- ate varieties. The most striking difference seems to be the more depressed anterior slope of the ovatus. Some old specimens and varieties are transversely more elongated, as is represented in Barnes’ figure c. ‘The colour also is more or less yellow, radiated with green, or tinged with reddish brown, particularly on the umbo and sometimes extending over the whole surface, almost obliterating the rays. On the inner anterior side, some specimens are beautifully tinted with a pink colour, but this is not very common; they are generally white. It is very common inour western waters. ‘The U. occidens of Lea may per- haps be U. ventricosus, Var. b. Barnes. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The plate exhibits an exterior and interior view of the shell. ‘Pl. 32, ee Wii to ih) ay | ig Ly ans re Dh Mel g Ah. ne | ia ™ wii. siti i . an met’ i MMA a :'96 ae iy ie, a me Rene pire vi wee i ee LN i Fi (, ae cee i ra i ayes Molo’ uu y ari ye ; hiss > ho j — ve ¥ | if Nudity . uly “ iW 4 ne pandas ¢ (ees A ty i Ait ' a eee a a ma) ae us r yy hives , eu i ' Ne ata i pe lw: mya , ‘ fv Vv, Ae fe dll ‘a i, r One hai efits iy Se Wi i i: ' ra 1 , Bal Mihai) ee a oe ee Ls a # mn in M " aha yo ni) pane, ig mit i b fl \. TF \ Ria). ii Af, } aT pelt CORREIA °° ae, get ae bi \ aaa a Ma my ir iat ie id a a my ty! a a ar ab Lig Al iad m4 a aN, estoy ar on ioe ay ') | ore re 4 i. yj We a ‘ iy A a, eer ny ita” By a hy) i a v3 are: cb a 7 ane al aan ae ' 2 ae, eae 7 u R ; i “4 oi wah tl. POs wei eidlig Vee w eps i's: ie ‘4 (a Pin pe ~ : ca ied pn: -” ey ane i toate) tA, Wey a ra oh Me , : bh F ry “a OAT ve , ih ‘ rae | co he ae fi in i : - Ba Mind + a y 1 fhe -) We crea ‘ Mt } ‘ A tA MN * Ee AN a Bie, - "he ' if Ti +) , bee io. ee iF Ay way a ° ae ee t ee io * aes ran Y Og bhi saat ts sp en wi) a nes ea fi i 7 a ‘he i con mf Ny Hi ‘an a ux iH r Ave i} il af ik oa, od il Ay a ‘ik ene fe A AL, } Wie iy n oer Mie “re eS 4 =) “4s rT pA) hay “i ha baits in ge iad ia ¥ ; 7 SS eae le a a al ae =i basi us ae ae ner ele Phe. W a, a 5 yey e i aN ‘e 4 ay ie Pye 0 oe ey i Paty ay nie : 7s t " an We | vet oy cH oa i ae ny pM i RN iw Shen ad Me we Mi a ie LE ee Wy, “i i a le i. . sige at if es , ait ae say Seas ti co i oe ae ri ser Pe, he! sis i ; uy ha ‘are bean: sis } Sk yf a iw) ome Rails tee ao ane dei ra ner 7 € mn Pr ro coe Steg Man fe “3 ATS ae sore i" , , , ; ’ “a | Lt iwi), 7 i . ad) ii “g telhi iy ee N is pra t agit hs eo. ti ne! A } Se . - xy i si Wii Bi) i fe a ia a ae Med we y a ee fy Bie: Ps ae i A iv iowa i : as ie Am - Me ls hy ae ut aa i i" sl ‘i Oh 7 ie A iit x mn) > mn : mt sn ¥ y : eR As y adil sae % : | f?:, a wien 4 eas UR aq A eee, juli wa 17) (ade deihS diet MY: Vialg ha "eae is nigel: ing A aa ae enn , a H a in ¢ aan : Th 6 ae wi Lae : ~ si Ay iting. an Wha “" ii a i oe pig ae tea ic a sah ee Dabs ie SR I , Y A Ve rn vs i ; ee TA A! id ‘ f ‘ P RITIES o2 | : ; wP yy ri : s ne ane 7 My . ‘ah ae ihn a ae ri rapa bis 4) Wy ap wm ee one ine a) | a A ia ™ i. wit i i ve es J Dt ae ew a oil | ay baal | i hed "i ; Pi ki, ao uu } ry 5 i, rere it ree ts ” wat ie oe ” ee ran He ee : Mt iil ae Sata “ a i 7 : ee rik i ny ih i nN tai | ny Rees My ane mY \ GP, pad , ee Ol i rie is i Da , daa oy i b I » ie) ae an S ant a ier al ea i) ‘aie A 7 ra ve bn i i on ¥ Ta L. % AY tin " uA | Tava tern | en mr ryt aay see : ! nia co rue : nu yi ee i » re M ili: ’ ; 4 ¥ ‘ watt hy , id Niet Oe ji ‘ine 1 mye ual. u ) ry i a ae Via Y a ws : ay a » 5 i v ry j a av ‘s ie os ais ha ae rT", : Le ve ah, meu) an ; = er i ey as eS ie GAG a Bmp 7 ee AY edt ite ma 1 eee "i Ns as ? vile mn mii By ay ce Lit 0 ie 7 ‘ ih. ee 4 iy 1 i’ Pd utd i is P ibe Ti bs ; Bay sla adi , We aa in hart ig n i ay a . it Ok ant Ji : ‘ae yh hy ye aay i mS r aN i ail Fi a vk ‘y f ~) mad i ay iF nt Hi f : a a im ‘ ial i ht hy oy ‘i t { 7 Ys . or g : AW an Naa fe) i yen nt a ee om a ieee Gabe: abn folk nial ah Oe an 1 ea vi WA ‘ NE iy ie a as Ure Pe ih Aa OO ae fi q ay) ars : Ne, m4) oa : “ i ne ‘ W ie? | ie a a yy 5 r iY hes Oe eee AMINE gra ty me Rin nee inated eh, Mi i is ier 6. ay ey Sethe Ee Tie LP che pt Ques erat i thus COR mae NG oy ‘KOR aie er y bi ae wis ’ eae - >» its 1 es Bi wan r a a he a! D, ao Br ; 7 eww > ke ala ie Moe. mie J 1" ry A ith CA) Male i Hh ) ete + Re 7 7 47) y ’ : e Sh : any it A): if ida anit i ; ss i sh hi le ne ‘a re W . eh Wi ae ie | f ih a ne A 7 He: rie | ha Mie Ans rl a Wu a J re i) at 41 a Wty ( « ; i ib, J ate i, ( ae ( Aig yt) Met oo ” at us Ge i Ws i" bs Sa ip A, ji mia “a F's ee me sie i" if af Wy bi yh cr, rm 7 i a 4 A ik Yi vk wee a) 1 on iy: ny i ; y Bini ily ay" ih ran a ae : 7 a ir ii A) on", i , eu hy ve hae Aus ne AA ay OP Ly A ot Beas Rahs ic ij re ey Nats Oh. fu vit 7 oid i iin : ia ‘ “3 Ni & sala : ~ of ae aN ward i ald ” ul eal jhe "i el ath Wy ied on aha - i Pe ns il ry a : en - in ae 7" oe a Pins a) 7 ey 7 J _ Uy ea 7 7 ~ a. Al ine eT) fe. Sssepacenn : sisgeteees cli elias Bee ST al AN FAN DEMOED Ns saree iv 2a Cael 3 ies Ryall a « Mie “PER CT vebout MM” Say Del De i UNIO INTERRUPTUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Anelevated. umbonial slope, separating folds of the disk from folds of the anterior margin. SYNONYM. U. rnrerruptus, Nob. TVransylvania Journal, Vol. 4, p. 525. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely oblong oval or subrhomboidal, black- ish brown; an elevated rib extends from the apex to the anterior basal angle along the umbonial slope; anterior half of the disk with somewhat oblique undulations ex- tending nearly to the umbonial rib; anterior to the umbo- nial rib are several arquated undulations, which do not reach the edge of the shell, and are cut by an impressed line which is nearly parallel to the rib : wmbo compressed : beaks not elevated, deeply eroded: posterior margin very short, rounded : ligament margin rectilinear, the anterior angle elevated, obtuse; anterior slope very oblique: base rectilinear, parallel to the ligament margin ; anferior ba- sal angle somewhat rostrated: cavity of the hinge mem- branes (or excavated lunule) fusiform: within purplish, iridescent: cardinal teeth direct, deeply granulated and Pl. 33, lineated over their whole surface: dateral teeth entire : posterior cicatrices rough, the smaller one orbicular : ante- rior edge blackish. _ OBSERVATIONS. The species to which this makes the nearest approach, is undoubtedly the undulatus, Barnes; but it is more transverse, more oblique anteriorly; the edges of the hinge margin and of the anterior slope are not undu- lated, the umbonial slope is elevated into a distinct sep- arating rib; and it is of a fine livid purple colour within. The eroded surface of the umbones is perlaceous, irides- cent, and at the apices it exhibits a dull waxen yellow sur- face. For this interesting species lam indebted to Mr. Joseph Barabino of New Orleans, who informs me that it inhabits Bayou Teche in the parish of St. Mary, Louisiana. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE, The plate represents exterior, interior and back views. Pl. 33. UNIO GLEBULUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Oval orbicular ; lateral teeth remote, very short, granu- lated. 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Avi tiie iN i rae i ns a Ai i hi Li ray i Pe 7 ent - a ve sia cea ae hindi iy Hiny Bene ive ina eae aa ete) | gin no a mM f ‘i a ui 1 : vant mi : i » ee wy i ; on a oe ra i 7 aba iu - a i sf : ‘ i ce call i a - 7 My ( ; De) or ie Mi! Pete ia? 22) ee : vi ' iu 9'| iY ene hk as te ais ae ae me one mS |) Sl an a >: i f es : my ia - o) Vays iyic i ' Yoel 5) } ae a Pe a - ae : A 0 : i 7 ; P 9 eu ts i ni nasi (i i” i ” iy ri S a te a ii My ey ) » ay - | ali 7 Pa; eal ] . iF mh ty en ea wae 4:% VW aaa) y eae ie L ‘ Ct ’ i iy ar a ‘). as a v " i ivy wy 7 poe Shed a ; a , i - ny" a | a fi; {eh lay i ak Aiea i : a ie y dl iY : aha Ye oe Lio eo a Path! CM Mis What Cyiats F, Paha pi ni C Sy Pe en Yee & eee Rie ae a Dea Me 4 ee ae ae 7 rT Tn: ha is es) es 8 t 7 a a 7 ral : iy Kay, a ike ab, a us acre ay eae eee ay | | ae 7 ine SMP oop coe ni i ad t ar : > i er (i) ty il : i an a i] a, n mike _ 7 : " 7 7 , 7 ne. 7 aie f - ee eee se ee Sy ee 3 / - AT ae aa | ry 7 | hot aan Tr ea ig ae |, Py ing fay keer Sas as ee. ee oe eee ae hae ee _7? wi SS I re 4 cael Ah ited are EY “7 i | ; 1 5 er _~ 2” ular ip i aa 1 a6 a ? 7 7 ra Lr i a a - Hi ie Ee an, a iv ® i A a) - ae i elie Ml) - } : fen 7 T vi a ' iL ay ; 7 ear) a | ty mi A : 7 . : fh : i a ¢ a : Mi) ° Pha i a yi! i? | ws) * paar : 7 "ge. : ; _ 7 a net : _ ii ; a 1 u } i ! ; " O43 , i 7 mi . j ad i ; wy iia yeaa : Alle ] ye ee - bi 0 1 re ees oe : : : : iM fp: 7 ie - : - : oh , h 4 pt r - is Mf f ' 7 ‘ r ie, } : iv - -_ 7 ier j Maus af, ogi) J \ gg | in ea Jt i ; A : : | ity) P \ ae ’ v a aa 7 4 i ; ; ¥ t a a we aa? o p ( ; if’ \ oe : 7 = a i) ° seein oe Lae a it A ee .: ae +) Aa a eve ; / Bi i a Bek ac Ie ’ n an a i : ae \ * _ . : Waitaer | oh bale a bie 4 : - & ae w.. avr » 6 vy, Ce i - avy TY a a : lat > woah 9 - ‘ag i? 7) i a . + ae 1 N= sf , ee a | Tp 4 H a a _ - oa f : r ; i, ae y | or : me Ss a iy is i i ‘i \ — a 5 ae wa “-s : v im 7 i ae : Bem a 1 if Mi oe A } r as 7 7 @ Au. a 4 hms. i : : : it a i - ‘ | i. o% 7 {i bear, eels i NR cr rte Ge ; 1s Tipe ih an fj b aa eg bg la — . : ay oY ies Yt tag ot eee ol a+) Vane ee vm" 7 PG pee ee aay woe Sig Z nto g lebiulus, nob, WV is Say Del. of)! i SYNONYM. U. erepuius, Nob. Transylvania Journal, Vol. 4, p. 526. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversly oval orbicular, sometimes subovate, very convex, dark brownish: wmbones not elevated above the general curvature: beaks not prominent, (much eroded, exposing a wax yellow surface :) Ainge and basal margins correspondingly arquated ; destitute of any prominent an- gle: anterior and posterior margins almost equally arqua- ted ; the former extending a little with age into a more or less obtuse angle at the extremity of the umbonial slope : wmbonial slope slightly elevated : Junule not dilated : with- ina little tinted with rosaceous : cardinal teeth deeply and approximately granulated and sulcated : lateralteeth remote from the cardinal teeth, remarkably granulated; length hardly greater than their distance from the cardinal teeth : posterior accessory cicatriz small and approximate. OBSERVATIONS. ‘lhe transverse simple rotundity of this shell, com- bined with the much suleated cardinal teeth and the re- mote, short lateral teeth, readily distinguish it. Sev- eral specimens were sent to me by Mr. Barabino, as in- habiting the same locality with the preceding. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The plate represents exterior, interior and back views. Pie 34. UNIO DECLIVIS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Anterior margin rectilinearly and obliquely truncate. SYNONYM. U. pecuivis, Nob. Transylvania Journal, Vol. 4, p. 527. DESCRIPTION. Shell transverse, moderately thick; posterior margin short and obtusely rounded: beaks hardly elevated : hinge margin rather elevated and compressed, angulated at tip: anterior margin rectilinear, descending obliquely forward, to a prominent rostrum of the anterior basal margin at the extremity of the umbonial slope: wmbonial slope not ele- vated above the curvature of the disk, but is bounded on its anterior side by two slightly impressed lines: basal margin arquated: surface deeply wrinkled : within ting- ed with purplish: cardinal teeth oblique : lateral teeth dis- tant from the cardinal teeth, rectilinear, oblique with res- pect to the base. OBSERVATIONS. Several specimens were sent to me by Mr. Barabino, PL. 35. ie awe Se Pe, h : ain 1. - en TT al pits?) a I -_fee a ee - a : ere i = & a4. ' al pa RAR MAS: aa ree. - a a ON rt was ¢ we ; Wir an ; oa a ri, ca? mi \ a} gree = rh hae ae ? : ad a : ny 7 - 7 7 7 Ha Sav Del who informs me that that they were found with the prece- ding by his friend Mr. Janin in the Bayou Teche. {t resembles purpureus, Nob., but in that species the cardinal teeth are direct, and a remarkable feature is ex- hibited by this shell in its anterior rectilinear declivity, ter- minating below the anterior middle in a kind of rostrum or prominent angle, which may be compared to that of nasutus, N. excepting that it is nearly on a line with the base. I have not seen any variety of either of those spe- cies that could be mistaken for this. The beaks and um- bones in my specimens are very much eroded, exposing a wax coloured surface. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The plate represents exterior, interior, and back views, Pi. 35. — ie a uth oe be + io me Kal, sili mh a) = ini a 7) i 1 p> 7% 7 ¥ Deh $ ik og ti =" on “7 lc 42 4 Opa oar, ei pit Pne’ ; Fe a hae oe a '* " nan arn ae ae a liga iol dts ph c S, Pee, < Lee Pe gis) ay pape aD. hi “tats: ais ph svete OM” we i = % * ass Mb —. ay i hoks Fe deur pi a -” a ‘s ae : = "_ ~< el tt cor + > “Se ee Pe idee he A me a As Me RR VE UE: Bc \ & Pia 7 i ™ iat ees i wr ‘ ‘ Tt! fs ae at ‘¥ il ” 4 ts a nae pee Hap ies a a oe i Wdilpart al me : pm jaf bay, is eS > - ato, " mi % CT a & Nae lah " a ee: 504 on ” iad nhde Folded “ are ad SS ae Ss nt oe whi» Hh ‘the At rs J dk we hae th — ~~ ¢ ei ee a ” 2 a , v ‘is : ha: ~~ @ See € iy ne iy. o. r is ie A ve if Py nr |: a 7 7 : tin Aad ae — 4 oe aT LA bi we i Se he ) a ae | aw ae a 7 i a . . poppies * ae a. ? = : Tee git a ben eee T.| UN ali 4 re. 7 a = - 7 ea " Jes. » Vy? ». as . vee a 4 ta a he ae: 74 “i a i oc 7 -_ 4 e oe |) “yn —= =o a ee o rere e ‘ —— ao pba 2 + ws et ak ‘dal ee Pye 3 7+ Poin aia Sahin a . | Mie” ie, a — i ae a ie a és a .” - = 7 5 ian 5 ps waa ies ot i! 4 f 4 a oe Rt? owe ; iy? , ; a. 7 y phew f : : <_ ine » pb ra ry oy wer P ee 4 “aes cay a aK a r ote. ae a ae! a ; na’, ny be ees a> i 0 pg rer Piha 7 a =" — . > ae ur . th a i) ue \ i = Jo. ee aes - 7 7 ae iw ty OO i a: °C : Da ” nT» “4 ‘ ee een 2 J a F : L, # i. fo mi, al n — ig "4 chen da! ae Ae ae . dice? Come jeoor!): Mee —_— i he ees j Dana ; a. > 5 ae ae e. .. ns —— ay a * > ele s a * « Te ia > i he ni * wh i ye ¢ AY, ide a ee ed a ol - 7% -4él oes : . ee ” i; ay aire ’ ' ie. 6 Py. , as 4k fa a 4 eet e LR ch hoe re ‘es __- # me a ee Wi, +o ies en ee i, ak ee " (a a ane rs ee ee eG or y Pe eich’ y igs fi a aoe! 3 x chia aor a. A. c ~~ - iS hy Ww eee rie : i vom i a uf) i 7 " any ada. P at Ly > or SaaS: J Ka 5a, iS + uu i eae ”/ q by : ey yy ey Z ay = 4 a an | a ae arr . ae ie ue Rohe bs) Niall: is hy sb : a sont sland 5 Loe ~ wv ye i P » ie vy no : Ova | —a ie ae! |. i ot "SS Oe 2 ie = Sia vir a oa 7s 7 v. a i ae) wi i. ; ae, “ wis 7 ns St tae 2 7 __o" ote fae asians oat ay fod Paty | 4 Roe ts el et | ie Pa ea 7 . a Res im VV sea, age a Oa ‘7 Af ‘t : » % By ‘i 2, u, a" BAe A gt 9. J a mre Thu ~ he 7 - “2 te, nis “ a er Thine 2 ae: hana _ ate, : Pa ee ’ b Gam “To a. . - 7 / “hee 7 qh Vee ve teas C4 Whee 7 Wy ees A ish ent ve 4 @ ye is: > z Ad Be) i “9 7 7 uke es. 4 Pike | al we oe a ¥ Fo “abe ; : 1m =. >, ilies! ae . ee ys Pa - re : ir Pee anh ’ oe Y a Pad . oe _ Pin ae ae Bs: oe i: tet j 7 \. i ty . 3 hy. 7. LA ee ee RAG 9880 w)080 Dv POS POD EDI)" f 1 Area leer OSM Pye rare : Af Say Del. 2 _..... staminea . 36 CTtebouwt Seo wea ARCA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell transverse, more or less elongated, and oblique ; anteriorly subrhomboidal, imequilateral, subequivalve ; summits remote; hinge rectilinear or slightly curved and furnished with a series of numerous, vertical, inserting teeth, which decrease in size from the extremities to the centre; two muscular impressions, remote, connected by a simple palleal line; ligament broad, extending both be- fore and behind the summits, and expanding over the rhomboidal surface between the summits; animal with a byssus. OBSERVATIONS: Linné included in his genus Arca, not only the species of which it is at present constituted, but those also which have been since distinguished by the names of Pectunculus and Nucula. Gmelin added to it his A. eucullus, after- wards separated by Lamarck under the generic name of Cucullaea. As respects Nucula it appears that the relation to Arca is rather one of analogy than of affinity, and it is possible that Turton may be right in separating it entirely from the Arcacee, with which its numerous teeth bear some resemblance; but the propriety of placing it in the family Pl. 36. of Mactracee, only by the character of the internal liga: ment, seems to be questionable. _ Cucullaea corresponds with the present genus in its general appearance, and we know of no other difference than that exhibited by the teeth, which are less regular, and those at each extremity of the series are transversely elongated. Pectunculus is a closely related genus, differing chiefly by the arquated series of teeth ; the general orbicular form. and by the valves closing completely so as to prevent the passage of a byssus. Ferussac in his Tabl. Syst. places Trigonia in this fami- ly; but the teeth are dissimilar, and the animal is un- known. The Arce are marine shells, and, as Lamarck observes, some of the species have one of the valves extending be- yond the other on the basal edge. Some are covered by a kind of hairy epidermis. Blainville says, that the ani- mal has the body thick, of a somewhat variable form; abdomen provided with a pedunculated, compressed foot, longitudinally divided; mantle with a simple range of cirri, and a little elongated before ; the tentacula are very small and very slender. ARCA STAMINEA. DESCRIPTION. Shell thick, prominently convex; with about twenty- eight ribs which are rounded and narrower than the inter- vening spaces, excepting on the anterior side, where they are broader, and simply wrinkled, those of the anterior part of the disk have one or two longitudinal impressed lines; they are crossed by numerous transverse, elevated lines, which are hardly more distant from each other than their own width; intervening spaces wrinkled: beaks distant, curved a little backward, and the tip a little behind the middle of the hinge margin: area flattened, a little curved, rather spa- cious, with obvious impressed, oblique lines: hinge margin rectilinear, with small, numerous teeth: posfertor margin regularly arquated: base subrectilinear, very deeply cre- nated: anterior margin oblique, rectilinear: anterior side abruptly compressed. OBSERVATIONS. This is a fossil shell. I am indebted for a specimen to my excellent correspondent, the late Stephen Eliott, of Charleston, who informed me that he obtained it from | the Santee river, below the confluence of the Congaree and Wateree rivers. It seems to be related to some of the varieties of A. gra- nosa, L.; but the ribs are more slender ; the apex is enrv- ed a little backward, Xc. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 2, Exterior and Interior views. Pl, 36. ARCA LIENOSA. DESCRIPTION. Shell rather thin, transversely oblong; ribs about forty, somewhat flattened and much broader than the interven- ing spaces which are very narrow, and with a longitudinal impressed line, particularly on those of the posterior mar- gin, which are almost bifid; and with numerous slightly elevated transverse lines, which being divided by the lon- gitudinal striae appear granulated: beak but little promi- nent, and nearly opposite to the posterior third of the length of the hinge margin: area narrow and elongated : hinge margin rectilinear, angulated at each extremity: teeth numerous, small; posterior margin obliquely round- ed inwards, no part of it extending further backward than the angle: anterior margin obliquely truncate: aner margin crenate. OBSERVATIONS. A fossil shell from the same locality as the preceding, and also sent to me by Mr. Elliott. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE, Fig. 1, Exterior and {nterior views. PI. 36. Sy Dus ae - i aa ED! Zen PA ” ‘ems \ uae i. nl vy a 7 oS Non RTL A ae a v an : a ith: Ce eAwh i mt Tired er i a $id _ a ae the, 7 ' hee a) ae. ” 4 tin aan rT, het iva ee 4 {oe 1 te _ oak v) Fad i ” re hy 4 on - 7 : een § : 4 ‘ie ryt) ‘ i ¥ ye MS Maa) ye iY ae. i iv ‘a a pe Bi ie a ray bia vi A aD ;) : 7 (a ee 7 ao ds os wo, we 4h ; hie att or oa aa,” : Dr - : MN i 7S i; oli 7 ; at il ail ‘i bie aly man 7 oe . AT a, aa e bat ie " Nis tad i a ‘eal MM \ oe i) = By ae ~ Pe; ee ok Nek wii jet He er ; ‘ eee i ah ri Te ie vi a hs ‘f a : hs : i Pa ~ ' / ae er 7 Bly ai oJ Wer a 1h dra de! cs — = = : q ir Poy | ed ws hiitelves aie he vA i aM, ag ey 4 ia a ; m ibe a i e, ey ) ry a” Y ae ray ; ° n on , ig aya ee i ialep Aik. us bin Ge Ay yw) 4t . a : a in ia! a = Gna. Cr ae Mew Dy alae a rp ; i : pi ‘a : 7 i ah: a a | ies i y A ay sky "ij tuck ¢ _* dies ih neu sible _ an ye if eas Mii ne a oe iy ve a Ai : FA er 4 pe as Vi . 7 > we A fats * che rat i? ad ny ieee La es fs ie i Ora hha bof o ia it ne nt 1a “att eee Te hs 7 el ds ae hy ore |) Ae 0 i i ei hl We El aA Oa ae hla ae bi o 4 a hb vy id on ie ee oe wou Uh A \# Mss iwi se i OF Poe bea ‘ Edy tr ad) 7 SALA: 4 4 a die 5 rrr ave “Ve a iy we wn y va is a ant ith ¥ 4 bre ' ) gals i aia vee i nee eM he Pil e ¢ Stan Dei sal Di ae ' ew a 7 = i : 1 a Pa? ‘i + ? is Fi wild mes, aly a * va De Wy hs Ni 4 } wr, | oe. "pita a it ro pe uA ; \ F a? ih a ee an : v. 7 ; way en) pees wer a ee - i tf ‘a Ai = hei = 7 i ' ine vee a f oi np 7 0." ’ a , ” a pure or" eit Pia y 7 me wil phy 7 is 7 ; : — ee wy, ee ? rel ae 7 ‘ as ‘i id j : ia ; io ase “or : m4 7 ne « ri ¢@ pe a &, De | : 1 Aone wi 7 et ae ae rte ye Lag ribet gtiba ia’ 8 ) ~ pad he Ww mt > wa hie \ 7 “ pe r if 7 7 asad i , ad aoe Th) . at err es ans 4 “eee Pa. Py er ded i, SEN a 7. 2 4 i= a> : ‘ f n”.@ we, ’ Ste 7 at oy 4 ; fir i the ms 43 tie ini vi) oo ry | PA eT tee (ee 7 fu i , ore ty apy alas mer. Ay ie al a 5 = - ‘i . ‘e ace es i mvs a || mt aut : ; | f iy T \ Leh s is 7 - rt — 7% iv pas n . ai fe . ify ' r, Pa i) 7 ay A (mk : f , bs i” ; - ee : roe ae 7 “ RN - reper’! eal ai a ns = . J. : ~ _ a ah) as. + i oheaeee pee ie y i is ~_ “ pe 6 =i Lac if va a A ar ean 7 - ia as ey » a = y ae = mr, LU e aa 7 4% ' rate att thigh a ca, a i :, es! i: (ipa i ia eee Te wp = Ma i : fae d — ae Ma a rated _ +. iy | - af ’ boat i. fale n ag, A ap J 7 * ae .. | a 7 tones ww a ee, Ue i ih al ” Ad ooh ie hy i "4 Dali a ory Fie Add ,? r P ~~ art 7 > ° “ iv 4 , "ww ad , a 2 ' 7 . ae ts a fad ay ie! Fi i : ne | Lanne area 17 RD abhi iio a iy Woon e ey i iis an ASL. i : mt il 7 Kis ‘of tah ae : rp. BIN et a lag aah crea, ee, | ee Dy oi r,t he DOhey irae eee poe ces AD A qj i C4 a 44, on . _ : i pe ig 7 a : ’* Pe tae Fh. a ¥y hy ae : Ne Ph _ 1%" et pies =) my, 62S ha : : As ca 0 i, os fot ra ie > a at a een yi aM ee > ae ’ , : e 4 : fi ‘o Ruan — < > ma apy in! ' ee wi te an ; wad be re - a mh : . y 9g a . : pe PoP hh, a i Me yaa ‘ai wh ¢ ih ; : - , of 5 7 ie hy! : , eee” ‘ae are ts, i dig : Ay a fs » ger 4 a : '¢ er ee ee ieee prev. “lee! nates 3 ice F bi nah sats wah) iam, Baie: oH) : 7 7 Pais 7 pe & a 7 Py) ae ; : @- 7 7 wie ea) aw J ; a) i ” ee a ay , ee ; Vina 4 ; / “_ jc eee “Tr - ‘ eh i 7 a ay AY sable: ne i ae | in an vA) : | te me af ain Ps , Nia 7 re Ue niat ies is ; eo) a a a | f, ial a0 w' > 7 Bid hi i Pie : iat 7. se y ; ve oa fe a ‘ W El fi was) J a Hy bid ou ie ia ws ft 7, wie - ma Ly 7 he ons ovary y ¥Pre \I = i v “4 i? i a 7 4 aol ty if Ae ia? - At q a : PY, ae v aa A a er Ae vA oe ae 7 : 7 “ 7 i ‘ i 7 A Pil oe Sa \ ) all ; oe @ hres 7.5 a) TT) oN 7, = , ae vin 0) ee, we, a a a mar ae ea » an Maes View Gera, vy ane eer A - | SA ou Pe: lk Lr ie | ew ee a | “)9tan we. arr ee Wiis ewe 7 ee , @ oO q _ ia - i e = 7 . ‘ y 7 - vr Porn wt, ny me - 1 oe 7 i ny a . 2) | ; 7 a : ; ; awa ree } 4 _* i a v i £ i Pi Oa Ay. efaiy Ie is wills ) ae a to i. oe a by we a 7 : mM ad iy one ee # 7 prey od - “ vpw)' a a a9 : F " , Eo ba, vee ee fy Pade As Lah! Zz 7: - ar 1 ny 7 ue 7 aL ‘ ist , se aint | é mn $ on a Nl a 4 te 7 bd ? J > 4) as a. e a ; ns ty yaryt) : iy : a >} ‘ Pert 6,7 - a} - } vo 7 7 _ ee - f Oe |.) PF a a ; ue Veh ( ORE ia Pre, e rare. « oe rn Vs a) 7 1s > T. a q n ithe 4 7 ie mr ge ae Nore ah Tee WP es ee een pe. ¥ i, a yy ye - ie MA, = Ay 7 : ; fd ; ‘wij bed 7 7 : : is rar ; a ae .s he OMe ory a r : van . - r wr f ei oe | = or ae "rT bape 1 Ae RY See tr ee "| ky a " a Pie ‘i i j\ te, i - v ob Ab Ys 7 7; ns _ rr on rome 7 |) ee debits } La oe Wiley * aa) 1) Gn we > 7 , ey TS Nae ee ee ae AN Fees ee Nn 7 Kee ® 8 ¥s ci ; : wn ae Say Del. > LT Felix 2 3 3 clawsa elevala & peropiurd Pos oy ee aE HELIX CLAUSA. DESCRIPTION. Shell rather fragile, slightly perforated, subglobular, yel- lowish horn-color; above convex: whorls four or five: aperture slightly contracted by the labrum: /abrum re- flected, flat, white, at base nearly covering the umbilicus. SYNONYM. H. cnausa, Nob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol. 2. p. 154. OBSERVATIONS. ‘his species occurs in several parts of the Union, and particularly in the Western States. It is a pretty species. much like albolabris, Nob. but is smaller, more rounded and is subumbilicate. REPERENCE TO THE PLATE. tig. 1, Front and inferior views. rT. 36, HELIX ELEVATA. DESCRIPTION. Shell pale horn-color ; spire elevated: whorls seven, re- gularly rounded: umbilicus none: aperture somewhat angulated: labrum dilated, reflected, pure white at base and pressed to the body whorl, abruptly narrowed on the inner edge beneath the middle, and continuing thus nar- rowed to the superior termination, leaving a projecting angle behind the middle: Jabium with a large, robust, very oblique, subarquated, pure white tooth. SYNONYMS. H. evevata, JVob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol. 2, p. 154. H. Kwoxvinuina? Fervuss. Tabl. Syst. p. 33. OBSERVATIONS. This shell occurs not unfrequently in many parts of the Western States. When descending the Ohio with Major Long’s exploring party I first observed it in the vicinity of Cincinnati. It is related to thyroidus, Nob. by the tooth on the labium; but this tooth is much more rubust ; it differs more essentially by its much more elevated spire, and by the superior half of the dilated lip being abruptly narrowed, so as to form a prominent angle near the mid- dle; it is also a much thicker shell. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 2, Front view. Pl. 37. HELIX PROFUNDA. DESCRIPTION. Shell pale horn-colour: spire convex, very little eleva- ted: whorls five, regularly rounded, and wrinkled trans- versely ; body whorl with a single revolving rufous line, which is almost concealed upon the spire by the suture, but which passes for a short distance above the aperture : aperture dilated: labrum reflected, white, and, excepting near the superior angle, flat ; a slightly prominent callus or obtuse tooth near the base on the inner edge : umbilicus large, profound, exhibiting all the volutions to the apex. Variety, a. Multilineated with rufous. Variety b. Rufous line obsolete. SYNONYM. H. prorunpa, Nob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol. 2, p. 160. H. ricwarpi, Lam. Anim. Sans. Vertebr. Vol. 6, pt. 2, p. 72. OBSERVATIONS. I first discovered this shell in the vicinity of Cincinnat.. It afterwards occured near Council Bluff on the Missouri; and it is frequently found in Indiana. I have no doubt it is an inhabitant of the greater part of the Western States. My description of this shell was published in the year 1821. Lamarck’s description of his H. Richardi did not * appear until April 1822, but he quotes by anticipation Ferussac’s Hist. des Moll. No. 174, for the specific name, which was however not then published in that work, but appeared in the Tableau Systematique of the latter author in the earlier part of the same year. The name of pro- funda has therefore the priority and consequently must be adopted. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE: Fig. 3, Inferior and front views. P}. 87. ee Nee Py a ene 77 Aa dh . Si Lane ry Ve 7 "Th a8, \ ; w “F u ™ _ a, tat { | i" " a i es a av, 7 eer oe age Ne ton e 7 be #1. cw rh ete) ie . ar '* he " Pe . i a ae A ee) tr. " ) aE ar ath uk: eae Ley eh eat i‘ ji aya 7 i. NET a bs anys i ae oo fa ae Ly Mis te any - ual i vs 7 i £} ee 7! ior og Ry a ol seiige rae _ ie Pe ane We Tip AAD ris vA h, , Pe ie * rf a bu \ > ih - ae Wa ae. re " Naa 7 ¥ . ig) oP Paid iA v iv ha \ j : 4 ee ee ee: | oh Oa ts a he ee withe 0 ae le haa 7 oper ee ae ve a ee ey! ai ve! bby’ a ye, ih , wie Pi fi mA i f ol hh r funy } i, y | eT ani, Wy PHY NE a ee eee 3 ee oy ers cee “a Ap B, on i: i Saint pra cn as init hts Dir: BN reel _ 1 un ate ae 10 A i. ‘ Dri roars Brive TT 4 mse 7 ¥ . Ay it ‘ r - [) “en ye, ' my y i Va id io ; mr ¥ 7 pe uae ray ey ee sa a ‘ ai a at a - sad i e S00 ag | i tay 5 i Bites, aw > pean) \? es LP ian AD Vy fone a basa ia Pie i a} bs ¥ ‘whe mers ae con ; : Ar y ii bir 4 " bd a _ Per f "I : to «el pi be r ‘ hn a | wi mary. a ‘Neg pore ’ we leet ee hd iM as all t ite, ap cai une | Se Pas, ooh ue aa - i ‘i “ * ‘A a oy aa ee i fl ha Ws | lated as _ eet ads A ' ol re i p ¥ rm | ns Be We Zr Ly 1M ta el Ae. 5 lil pa Na ile ad uae a » o's Tas ee gpa Pes) ad , r Ih av ne. : : a a i 7 e] a 7 eS apy 4 e he 7 Or ar ape. he . a 7 ag | rr BY age, i peheents As tetas re - S ai ae 7 ys Me a 1 ary vee in Pe i» a iG Le prota a se oe Pate We * ‘ake mers - ver" A pens . : Ras : 4 ‘ns ‘ ? . al ao 7 r _ . v i idl 4 5 ny as a ; % 7 RS re ms ae { 7 7 S : a i a g> . , int a 4 @»< es eae f, , 7 : 7 : ye ve vi \ i ? iv P : Nee ine - te S J > ; & 7 yt) 7 a |) on. 7 a Tw P| : ie eee L . i aa? 7 a ; PA Yaar Sea) | | ee ak atk aa Pe ? ny 7 re . Pty . a 7 7 cow oat 0 See ~ aa aan hie a) : ry ee é i , an ae i 7 bi ay Bali ae ius 3 Af’® Say Del. S$ Ss altevnatit ms ipuonara alt - LLyorw Sct. SIPHONARIA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell oval or subovate, patelliform; apex nearer one side and one end, curved in a direction opposite to an angle on the basal edge; within, an indentation dividing th muscular impression and extending to the angle of the ~ lateral edge. OBSERVATIONS, Adanson was the first to detect the difference between a species of this genus, the S. mouretus, Bl]. and Patella which it resembles in general form. He was succeeded by Blainville, but it is to Sowerby that we are indebted for the genus and name which are now adopted. Gray formed a genus for the Gadin of Adanson, which however is referred by other authors to the present group; Adan- son did not deseribe its animal; but it is evident from his figure that the two sides of the shell are not symmetrical. It resembles Patella, but the shell is distinguished by an unsymmetrical angle on one side, (sometimes obsolete,) denoting the position beneath of the termination of a syphon or respiratory organ of the animal of which the trace remains. On the outer surface, corresponding with this mark, is generally an elevation or rib, extending from the summit to the edge, but it is sometimes obsolete. Pl. 38. Blainville gives the following characters of the animal : body oval subdepressed; head subdivided in two equal lobes; tentacula and eyes indistinct; margin of the man- tle crenulated and extending beyond a suborbicular foot as in the Patellas, branchial cavity transverse, open a little before the middle of the right side and provided in that part with a fleshy lobe, of a square form, situated in the sinus between the mantle and the foot; retractor muscle of the foot, divided into two parts, of which the posterior is much the larger, arquated ; the other very small, before the branchial orifice. Several species are known, attaching themselves to rocks and other fixed bodies. SIPHONARIA ALTERNATA. DESCRIPTION. Shell conical, with more than thirty obsolete, hardly elevated, unequal ribs: apex obliquely curved, the tip pointing nearly in a parallel direction with the surface of the shell, and acute: color brown, radiated with whitish : base nearly oval. SYNONYM. PaTeELLA ALTERNATA, Nob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se Voli5, p. 215. Pl. 38 OBSERVATIONS. This is a small species, and the slight irregularity im the curvature of the lateral edge, exhibits the unequivocal cha- racters of this genus. I am indebted for specimens to the late excellent Mr. Stephen Elliott to whom I shall have frequent occasion to express my obligations in the course of this work : he ob- tained them from the coast of East Florida. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Figs. 1, 2, and 3, Lateral, superior and inferior views, enlarged Fig. 4, Superior view; natural size. PI. 38. eee tt | il a eta hs i a? eT Nee ee et i! me rm en hs ae) Pat) m4 by t Pl uf ia a bs a lj ae Prd m me if ele i ps oa a v7 e vie an ay 7: wont bail wae by aac = Me ie m . ae Mf foe al A ve "a i's . ars % a i Ty siete al ‘1 ‘ ve 7 oy oe en a ee Oa) oye sh . 7; . ~ 7 , ‘i Nats A P ; aA a “| a Oy Dt tied ee alii ivy S ‘eh 7 ‘ Be ee oa oe (a bite i a dey. a a) py . r ene bul Phi a Pre) ee fips et ay cn id Saat okt ra cad fe ei ee | ee | Bl a: tin i ; ne ty mane A wh. i % Be | ta va" a i bane 6 unk ae veg 1 em cet nM Pr ’ a Be WA fas is a ae SF bens upg | shah - Hh i ra bate a, be A eeu hee ¥ Tr P| 4 ‘ r Te are’ Ss Bit ba 1a wal om = ea a avant il Bas aa ds wey n p of He vce v a ay we mee ce we iy fh! » 1 i a ae ah vy an " . ae ig Al ayy oh nh ng ns lh any Sek a” 7 ‘nal — "hte ena’ ae I, 7" ly ae lg J ™ ‘Pe | De y! ; 7 yt Ay t dikhicniUke >i que a Ly ney, i. ane ae —e- tk Pi 7 J = ' TT i _-. > i sa aa a 4 la? a. 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' a . are “4 i toa di, aS as 1 or..." ee Gy vat ae 4s : , *, pe > yo Vie iy. le. ) iJ s a Pe See iin an a Dhaene °. i) y i ri rd as mye ti a Sela we a mb rl wry ; =) a ai a 4 , a) ies: 4 hn ‘ie : j i. at ft a a ag - AW io ee ra a) Wn Biot is a ri \ Puen Ag rf, in : ie a) i 7 7 an Nal a ge ae (> Lan a: P is ev vey De ) Uh itn a Py a : ay ' ihe ad yo nan "1 — a) a met. a, a) ak Her Aare Wy ne a ae vv) We, . : a MY, an Ye ea nd na 4 re ha i + Phi . Ter Tal oe mn i : Jk -~ -1 nae at Ae aw mi 4 bp Al cae eo ee > ay aa et At moe nS yp a 4 \p ae dos cain i. - : bf ae A YY ‘edi id | nN 4 Pe i) . . a ¥ a3 ie rh Ney : 7. Re ay | " x ay. * # “2 : : ye mL) Ral mt 7 : A gy A ‘ ao. rua ae Fe 7 ay re hae ay Meee i ‘i > Porn en a os es ny hae % i rt ec. : i a el i ia ie re } ia “om | oie % Ae pul el fe ae he bic hd i ies ey Vogt wee 7 ; i" ‘ie =’ ae Nae a phir, a = 7 >: » 7) : ; ll WA Ta ; . ve ii ; i) A Toe rw (ares hie rT iy, m ay 7 ‘ Me ay age ae ate Py 7 mo -_ 7 | i ‘" Payit) AU e as tA { mid i Pan a ina 7 Ps « ae ; rT aan AM ae yh Ms: - ic : ae 7 4 7 a! ah i yin ima 4 ad = 7 } hey 4 wh eT hn f i) ia ve Raa? ret s* > ong . tale. hae ee \=))F i a a a” lt i ai ie 7 - -.* rh 7] 7 i ee | 1 pay a, im. ate 0G Avot ny wre hoe ta ie 6 a Peal ree va ‘aoe | ‘aa Sa | - ii Pe: _— im i or ina Re = oy by aw A) y . =\% nA ' a era %. is ’ oh 5 ‘ pal hae j a Fadi re . r ) jaa olaal ey co ‘ ' ie | rtd a iva * nm 7 xe BAY he | yy pugs : Wey ? re Te ian < eae a : Ree Po: oh Ties) <" ee a wa Pati, ay, a. hap, UN a) Cee ee ia a as 7 Cath ‘a 4 ee ae y - ‘ n s Me di ’ > (a i ¥ +e ad oad ys : y i vi. i. a “Y aor : 7 fi : a iy yj 7 yey 4 re Da i ii of Aga ‘ » tt Pp als owe - \ " id, L a. ‘ a) Mo fr nea it. I wie ( : i "1 Ee i?) ee oy ™ ™ a oy “F ee i , a 7 a = | c phy nm) AS A aw : ' ieee SA } | i Ae a - " eae » +! i j a 7 : a - _ i pa fa vir’ i; ai, * cet aa " ee i ay 7 wh nae ee salah im ees he i Pt ee : he fo Npad 4 r ¥ r an AD ‘ane a's od a g etl iy , 7 @ ® a : : as ad wa .s | 7 °4¥, a ) iy & ae } : . eS 7 ; - i wy -_ - oa c J 49 ie 7 i a i i A "i >. ae ii ; _ aa! . w** ~ 7 7 aN Fe i! Un Af 1 a, a yor wine a are Patil ms pitt wa re - : a ; ’ ¥ _ ; ; _ y a7 : i it Bias 2 a» i . i : hs iis ! : a) J a ao Aue . 4% Ps : 7 ~ tis 7 ae 7 t. _* iy 7 _ a _ ‘ he _ a A ; y ‘ marys : 4) tS a 7) 7m ‘oF 5 - 7 oo 7! : 7 Prrtay | ’ i an un * ' Mie < hy i : > @ aon” Y a oe . 2a Ol ‘is oa vce th 7 ae id ‘ a! 7 a } ayy wiht Ao , Ah i) ae , we 43 Pe 2 > ye - we *% eons ied ae \ 7m v ie De et were % . , i nd 4 ay 4 ua ot ah “- en ead ae tv wwe : a. i i spe! i le ae “ re iff ; ‘ 7 T yy : Uve Le A re ro ay } ot he ar yes Pa aM oe cae - '- anys Aa" ws): _— a) eh a Rew l al “4 . f Bon 37 Bit J 7 ae vi —_ : s 7 7 : ; = 7 rey et) 5 Wh i . 7 - 7 1 as 7 i f : “a r we) a i a’ a - hy oe! . aw 1 , : { aa 7 iat a bie’ ‘| > = : 4 i Hy rn La a ‘ : Uti aa on. li a! hc a, « \ Sila? ie i tl yes > it ie 7 ; he is ray. a pete y Mi m9) fy yy he aa. ann Lie? ica tines Ld y rn. * q 7 “ ” aa bi ws wi ad os i - a =f aj His a , rae} pet a7? fe. oo ’ a ¥ a Tee : i : cam | 7 We ae oy - ie J 7 = ) are - — ri Do! Ca a 7 x 7 ve i a = ; aa a, Ly Woes Wy, ores ARAN) is te ; ‘' i Tip a aoe os * 7 ai Pd ( a j ahi ir 7 4 i!) ‘ au OO Lag . $e - “"e yr r » ‘* iT - rs a * 33 - La a a” : mae”! ’ Ww ‘i 5 ce : ‘) af bbl & | a q a4 : * - J @,4* £ ® Pn : a = can as ran) i A A, hi ‘ou a ot, : Lee) bars eae eo Pee, ie Ae Pi ie , y oe et oy w 7 yy > an : i; rs - 4 F i a , ‘2 Wy. : oases q a oul a ait 4 ye ‘Ta ee on! oath’ i ; rare hiya alg! a ae ae iF iW ar " mn mY) 7 iy : _ ‘af et ie Hale : y - nae i yah e*) Ve FI 7 se : x , : a } sa a‘) wa 4 i) % ah ve aE al yh ae 0 ge OT ay, ay" an a a .- A c a ey Z mae 7 : ' ’ i T rly ; 5 ay i ae na > ‘ = Zz Phe ot i woe th Tid hf, a : on. a i ' iP Jan 7 tae " Zi Pa a , ay as Waa) ') a Pe > 7 I i ' _ Y ae if oie TAL 1h 7 ‘4 tite, Mh oe i io. = u _ cua on * ay: ~ -s iy eee yy Uaiae in ¥ i. mt 4 a 4 vi a! ‘ wage 7: ate), < | i ‘ ae i 7 4 ie " i Fi. a or ia on ra Oe 7) 7 ~ an ae ta _ r a fF - Sere a \ Ay ‘a aa = the a a ae “i 94 ua’) a OF hin i . ei i F ; a : a . " ay = rH) a se ot a tee ; : a : : ra 7 Ta Ne a b 7 = et fe oy te ies : rial bead Lape i | & i ' ; see ~ ia) ad aS : ‘2 i @ ae al 4 | rigs 7 [- 7 mn im ¢ "7 ha th es ‘a i, 7 y ; > - Pag bt iu ; ; » ci “a if ae mf : 5 ide y i" i : - _ . Tr ba ~ 7 . Mul : \s "A ' 7 a asd er) = _ P , yo ; ity ua a oe 2 aa v b ‘ a ee. 7 ~ * ‘ Ae: a3 ee : pO , ¢! 3 a V — 7 _ ie, AY Aa | oe pw at - : ; - ae) - = _ my Ky af ’ 7 rs 7 7 ne > aa fi. | “s¢ ae ao ee oe. 1F. See Oi, ae Vad i wet an ie a i ah | 7 gow? se : rd oe IP f a : bs Oise a he . oy als an aA ee, ont is cr Ot ae rv 1: Oe Md 7 : : 7 | ORAS i" - = Von re,’ ‘, 7 ~~ ‘ad file Fy _ MN - et a ; ah ' , ‘e x ‘ at : =! age * oes a wad 17 Gi Land) 7 ao o ry T> i” ge! we i 7 | 7 oi il * ye ve a ") hot Vitis » we i Plt - Pall , a 4 a eee | oss5 : = - aay a ry e . utes - Te - 7 i" A ay 7 Wd a : a an oe wd wise : : iio inn F — Mai @ Bullina canattutata s ' MP Say Del. fa ae ea ag LLyary See BULLINA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell cylindrical-oval, convolute, imperforate; spire ele- vated, short; aperture longitudinal, elongated, much nar- rowed above; labrum simple, gradually much more prominent in the middle than at the extremities, meeting the preceding volution with a deeply reentering angle ; at base widely and regularly rounded ; columella with a slight fold. OBSERVATIONS. Blainville quotes Ferussac for this genus, which, per- haps inadvertantly, he calls Buline, with one I, instead of Bullina as the latter author writes the word. He has, however, considerably limited the group by assigning to it the character of “fortement involvées, spire visible et sail- lante 4 1l’exterieur ; ’overture trés étroite en arriére,” which excludes some of the species comprehended by Ferussac. He also places it asa subgenus under Bulla, with “la Bulle, ja Jonkaire,” of Basterot, as its type. The animal differs from those of the genera Bulla, Scaphander and Atys, by having two distinct tentacula, and from Bullea by being included within the shell. The shell differs by its promi- nent spire, which in those genera, when it exists at all, is umbilicated. Tn its general form and habit it has much resemblance PL. 39. io Volvaria ; but the shells of that genus are emarginate at base. BULLINA CANALICULATA. DESCRIPTION. Shell white, immaculate, cylindric, with very minute, obsolete wrinkles: spire convex, a little elevated, mammi- lated at tip: volutions about five, with their shoulder very obtusely grooved : labrum with the edge prominently and obtusely arquated : /abtum overspread witha calcareous la- mina, and with a single fold or oblique tooth near the base. SYNONYM. VOLVARIA CANALICULATA, /Vob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol, 5, p. 211. OBSERVATIONS. This genus has been constructed subsequently to the publication of my description of the above species. Two specimens of the shell were sent to me by the late Mr. Stephen Elliott, from the coast of South Carolina. The arquated form of the edge of the labrum is very obvi- ous when viewed in profile. In comparison with a fossil shell of Dax, sent to me by Mr. Hoeninghaus of Crefeld under the name of B. lajonkei- riana, Baster. before mentioned, it is a little larger, and evidently different in having the shoulder grooved ; where as in that species the shoulder is acute and the suture is profoundly impressed. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. iipper figure ; front view. iddte fic 2 ; newed P ro 2s Middle figure spire viewed from shove. ¢ Enlarged Inferior figure lateral view. The line represents the natural length. P}. 39, oe aa " a ” Ley yy ’ mina: T4 Z : Y eel bikes + a tdi 4 Carndtita trdentata SS. 40 MM” Suny Del CARDITA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Sheil equivalved, inequilateral, thick, suborbicular, free, regular, ribbed, the margin crenate ; epidermis distinct ; hinge of two teeth, one of which is short, direct, and the other oblique, elongated in one valve, and in the other valve, is a large cardinal recipient cavity with an oblique tooth on each side of it, nearly parallel with the margin ; ligament subexterior; two obvious muscular impressions united by an arquated, entire palleal line. OBSERVATIONS. Poli, informs us, that the animal resembles that of Ano- donta and Unio; and accordingly Blainville places the genus next to that group with Venericardia and Cypricar- dia as subgenera; both of which Lamarck had separated from Brugueire’s genus Cardita. Venericardia is much like the present genus, with which Sowerby unites it, and is chiefly distinguished by the teeth being all oblique and directed towards one side. Cypri- cardia is also very similar; it is remarkably inequilateral and has three teeth in each valve. Many of the species of Cardita resemble Cardium on their exterior surface, but the insulated lateral teeth of the latter are an obvious dis- tinction. ‘The three genera are certainly very closely alli- ed in nature. P). 40. Some changes will undoubtedly be required in this genus. It is not now to be admitted that the C. conca- merata, Brug. can remain in the same genus with the spe- cies represented in our plate. Particularly as the remark- able chamber which exists in that shell seems to be devot- ed to a purpose altogether peculiar. On this subject the late ingenious Miller wrote me as follows: “You have pro- bably seen an account of the interesting discovery of the use of the conic chamber or pouch in Chama concamerata ; almost immediately after the statement was published, I received specimens from the Cape, that not only shew the eggs, but also minute shells, in the pouch.” Some slight approach towards a similar form may be found in the Jeson of Adanson and in the C. rufescens, Lam. and perhaps even in the C. calyculata, L. and C. crassa, Lam. which are included in the subgenus that Blainville named Mytilicardia; though it is hardly pro- bable, that they can enter into the same group with the concamerata. Lamarck has described twenty-five species, of which three are fossil. CARDITA TRIDENTATA. DESCRIPTION. Shell suborbicular, subequilateral, thick and ponderous, with about eighteen .convex, longitudinal ribs, cancellate by concentric elevated lines, which do not penetrate into the interstitial narrow spaces, and which are obsolete on the umbo, and on the anterior side : immer margin deeply crenate: Ainge with two diverging teeth, separated by a large cavity on the right valve; and on the other, a single large triangular, prominent, recuryed tooth, closing into the cavity. SYNONYM. VENERICARDIA TRIDENTATA, /Vob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol. 5, p. 216. OBSERVATIONS. This interesting shell was discovered by Mr. Stephen Elliott, on the coast of South Carolina. 1 formerly placed it, with much doubt however, in the genus Venericardia, but I think it corresponds better with Cardita as now esti- mated, inasmuch as the teeth are not all oblique. The large recipient cavity of the hinge of the right valve is somewhat similar, though wider in proportion, to that of the corresponding valve of Cypricardia modiolaris, a very entire specimen of which was sent to me by Mr. Hoeninghaus. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Figs. 1, and 2, Exterior and interior enlarged views of the right valve. ‘© 3, Outline to shew the natural size. 4, Enlarged hinge of the left valve. ‘5, Enlarged profile view of the teeth of the right valve. P}. 40. tnag | at sa: Arne ae é ie nathan bie diy ry we 2, ohn Tans , ae tad irene paid’ hee fr", Neck apunigios) i signs ott: i; bottle ct san aide 4a i 4y toshay oh land Prog: obit Wi: i, dala ime reall fe atin nick ie 7 perenen oh 2 a Fae . ” aa i = an As > tes . peg ’ wan pikates ho at sre a i$ ti 4 - ina ti be is a Bone nt s 7 i qt e Seteh hori t pi, OW Taran <2 nt Me ¥ h Phe be om i fo , Loe it Ws PEP UE RPEOSY Shad | et as fish Gai rice’ J Pa ter aes Sk A s 5 _ * Pe Oty, lig eee en! eS “ued re ', Wihhes ‘ha < ys eM UK ake Sa rae S53 See gras z De os ‘ Oe od +) +, “ é : ei _ Haha aah ks Peek 4 Be = 3 oe ayty . 4 ie ” %. (" + ats a 2 1 Renee ~ NOTICE. In the last No. I remarked that the Alasmodonta con- fragosa, Nob. was found by Mr. Barabino near the city of New Orleans; this is an error altogether my own and which I thank that gentleman for enabling me to correct. He obtained his specimens from Bayou Teche in the Pa- rish of St. Mary, Louisiana, about two hundred miles N. N. W. from New Orleans. I did not suppose they were found in the Mississippi, and my interesting corres- pondent says “I have not yet discovered any bivalves in the Mississippi, (near New Orleans) although I have tried two summers successively, with an instrument made for that purpose.” The Ampularia urceus, L. (rugosa Lam.) is stated in the books, to inhabit the Mississippi river ; but I have nev- er been so fortunate as to find it, or to gain any informa- tion relative to it there. Mr. O. Evans did me the favor to make enquiry at various places on that river and to ex- hibit as somewhat similar, a coloured plate of the A. glo- bosa, Swains. to persons from whom information might be expected, and amongst others to some indians, who in general are known to be accurate observers ; but no one had seen any similar shell in the waters of the Mississippi. I am therefore much inclined to believe that the species is a native of some of the more southern rivers, probably those of Texas. Any information in relation to it, or spe- cimens of the shell, will be very acceptable. LET RE: pute! le dee De VG BE APS OLET NY AP AAT BOOP PLR TL gM TN ack yi then vt sare the * * * Since the publication of the preceding No. we have had to regret the decease of Mr. Tiebout, engraver for this work ; but it is hoped that this be- reavciment will not muck retard the publication of the work in future. No. ¥. Priee %1,50, coloured. AMERICAN CONCHOLOGY, oR DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SHELLS OF NORTH AMERICA. ILLUSTRATED BY COLOURED FIGURES FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS FROM NATURE. Cerithium ferrugineum, = - - - a : 5 ‘ ae muscarum, - . - - . is : septemetriatum, + - - . : : 5 QCrepidula plana, - - : a * “ é E r Helicina occulta, - - - : = L : “ orbiculata, . - - - . . sh neh 2 Melania Jaqueata, - - — - - - - A ‘ 4 ac ac multilineata, - - - . . J é am semicarinata, - - - - . 3 is 3 virginica, - - - - - - “ ns : Modiola papuana, - - - - - Bist eae Ee oat Mytilus hamatue, - - , « < A 2 ? F Ranella caudata, . - - - - x . é 4 f Unio camptodon, - - - - . ¢ ‘ 2 se “ec lapijlus, = - - - - - = “ 6 % lugubris, oe - - - - - : ’ NEW-HARMONY, INDIANA. Printed at the M Press. (August, 1632.) Pl. xilix z —< — _ , 2 p * 7 | A ee ii 4 _ ayn La one he ery AEN AA) Ae een ie 184 . hula ie: eh ia Lh file een ad Sf) tie oa WiN) 7 o. “ f tl oH sed 4 a hitee eel ei aan \ ry el" ee * ¥ jer he af) i, 2s fF me Mis rodl ha! 7 art eae j nu ea. > => Bye ae 6 ea ld ved bi shih th! fy ‘dl mart ee oa Jal ap Me ey ae id ‘ Cine ON shan a e oh ION re me iy a are ay N! wy ne ‘el i a al aa ee ois oe ae rt an 4j tf rm a ‘i BM hee a 4 me ae : ae : een Le P, al aa ae oe i” a Sy aN. ¥ hen By, 7 anes " Sis : OU hs aa bP 4) i cee Le Lt a eae" Sey rate, es Oe | ae lec mt Ne DAS 9 A! ai fl 4 re ira ya oh ie |, java aes oi i, init vr ce. Py # aaa NG a mr a ero é. ree?) miley , rif ‘il y ue . R! hy a, pit ah hn! lta aes may a _ ‘e ae eee ie ’ A er i Ae PONE a i Ap! yh ae wi Ri fa Pal vy 7h. CaLate aay nM rivne) if 7 | eee Pan re a wid, ania ae UE wales he” U\eras aa . ‘ Mi i its - oy Pe ves Va ie 1 } a) ; ie PY i ake a 7 Aig Loe 7 ny ay Die a / cz 1) gl tl Le Hy ; - A a ne Be i TROe A \) a f y iat Laas ‘ae ty Pee Nar Ah als 7 ay oie Pe | ee Pile nN et od Wee be a cay ¥ ar lh 7 a van 7 vi A es i 5 é hs } Pe) ‘ah Se io! batter) id \ a) : OH a yy Ai au hid iy pe ne rt ent sk a Tee es br ; vo 7 - Fi i : (ys fe oa Wnt Wh a ne 4 er i i nh , me re Fiat ete ale eS as.) ) Oy, - ie 1 . : fame Win A af j ue Tite e oe hy ii a [a ba i ay t a 7 hl " y f 7 i - 7 , - rs j i i an as Py 7 - a - of) 7 ode ile 4 a ey, a eis a hae, LM, ace neon eros Ben a “th ae ik ve : aaa A. ee ‘s om [oe ho ‘aa nts - me 5 GN tee : 7 v Bia A ace 7 ; - l) + Sars ¥ . .s 7 4 : He ai sae, Ae y mi a ™ i 7 ae by i: Pa - a “ol ie Me ey fla ot il as 1 i i pen a \ aa 7 A Ae a ae re ‘ | + ay wis te "1 oe st: ; i, Ab oa - ai. Ae Ae 7 ee a ( “i Me a : ru ; a ; in | : o s Pelee ay mor rr a . ‘! 2 Uae oa 7 A i id x uf a Me _ ra ‘e) as ate / he rye 7 “Fi i Wy a eee 7 yen ‘i rae ; Pay a we an ee Les > Piao i ag vi an i sir Vind iy A I ihs Mlle : ’ a a . ithe we. - hi ns ee ie i ou y 7 “ip : lea oT . mh eee aru a= ; : 7 - 7 ee _ kad aif i 7), , : ray ee ; me Wi 7 7 c25 ofl ; i ; - tia te bee ae : : 7 ee oF Niate | Sed : ; ; at ‘a - ; ae he a iQ 7 , af ne he — me AD ua ve joy ea mas . iin P wh - a 7 i f ea. MS AY | 4 a0 t ) Pi! a ar, oF ie iD at : i i a! 7 a ae ; a, “ Aa: 4 7 pie View 4 ie . are |) ee ah ea!) oe ee ee hh Oe ee in 7 ag, Ww yy a. ‘in iy ay te » a - >a ne ve fi ; Nay Tee pe] F ie A Wane u a ‘ oe, { , f pod v* ; “4 | i My i nal in ye te 7 - et: ie i ac o ar 4! 7 i ae rd 7 hy a : ral mt a nh are v rs) Ya . i wy ean Yi r 7" ve. \ see a im - 1, “Se Pui | : ‘a : ° ; 7 a : ef? ig : a 7 7 y rt, ' ' oe } a al ie ree OA na a . — 7 i Pe wh " 1S arr a ao a Ve f° 7 4 A iy 8. eer | ae ey Hone ine”: Hie a ey ai: i 1 , 7 - s f 7 f : ' aa PF inol : 7 > es ‘ ; ee 7m - a \ i ys ar ach 7 a “si ae: rie) a 4 ‘ : vie + Ley a vi) a | a i 7, : tl 7 Fon} Lith 7 a : ”, a! it . o wif 0. es D ey oe mu: che, Ae oe eo a i v ‘ : a? < Wh ' bi io oe ‘a oy a Pin : hy 7, | my a“ a von 7 _ nes ye a is | om F | Le ki ie rl | » my, cil i; is 5 a * >» & : 5 a +! i i w ie Wa i & aaa : a ta | Te .! issn. ; a ee 7 i wee ey j ; vi, ; a 7] y 7” be ; ' ip 7 _ 7 : _ 7 ht ; fl re.) Cee. 7 ; - ian F Lay Pe’ a) ns ' 46 m6 cain, 2 , ; ' a or 4 ~ er ie A ae ie a ma: ai 7 ype 4 op a ses rp = Ail ee Dial nm bi wan he Ae ou ne 7 4) hh iw ane) ih ; ne ay ie “r ie 7 cs ne 5 7 he 7 ' ’ is a 7 Yen, ios f % 7 1, Dla i ‘ >i a — - ib f= i - ‘ee uy ua 1) Ms a Race ee Bik Set 9 irae Ma 22 a ves “ee a a ¥,” vr ee ia Om, i Viste iP di ae as rn) ie it ot, a ' A oe | (CR a rd , v AO oA a TF ‘ i sf ‘i! mili na ic Pt eee : yi ¥} : A 5 of M4 > Ny dl Vil A’) Yd hy eee } ‘ he a oy yt ti as 2d a a v4) \ oe ae ay yi jl Ke 7 a n= - 7 ene.) 7 ms : Ta ee ® it ’ . ay rf y ieee ‘ 7 A 8 A va me) 7 us i Fi * dts Sia y Del. Unto lapr lies S. #1 LL vow Set UNIO LAPILLUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Very small, thick, radiated; teeth very thick. SYNONYM. U. uaritivus, Nob. Transylvania Journal of Medicine. Vol. 4. p. 528. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely suboval, thick, obscure yellowish, with very numerous dark green radiating lines: posterior mar- gin not very short, rounded: beaks but little elevated, simple: /unule fusiform, very obvious: hinge margin and anterior margin a little depressed, declining graduallly in an arquated line: anterior basal margin rounded: basal margin nearly rectilinear in the middle: within pearly white; cardinal teeth direct, thick; lateral teeth thick, oblique with respect to the base: cicatrices very deep and rounded : cavity of the beaks almost obliterated, with a se- ries of small cicatrices, extending downwards and back- wards. OBSERVATIONS. The robust teeth and the thickness of the whole shell, have induced many, and myself amongst the number, to consider this shell as the young of gibbosus, Barnes; but a very slight examination serves to show that it is very dis- tinct. The young of that species is always much more elongated transversely, not so thick, with the beaks much undulated, and the series of small cicatrices in the cavity of the beaks is parallel to the hinge margin. As respects magnitude it approaches parvus, Barnes, which however has the beaks undulated, is rather thin, with oblique, small cardinal teeth. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The plate shows the exterior, interior and dorsal views of the shell. PAL. UNIO CAMPTODON. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Beaks distinct from the posterior margin; Jamelliform teeth arquated at tip. DESCRIPTION. Shell moderately thin, transversely oblong-oval, a little compressed, dark brownish, or blackish ; beaks with regu- lar small undulations, behind the middle but remote from the posterior edge, but little prominent; ligament slope somewhat compressed, with two distinct compressed lines ; umbonial slope not elevated above the level of the disk ; anterior margin a little prominent towards the base and me rk a * Lhe Tete * PRL : : 7 ld ; ; : at ae # i a Li a ‘a: ia S). © , a ns ‘ ahd 4 r pt fi . 4 Wid ih 7 guile ‘ NJ t oo Upedy ye, i Nae i Raia aoe “if a aie ay 8 Ay ae on : —_ ms wy ae bi i i} way e iM ny, s eae ei oft a) ¥. ‘ty tay o Bus i y yq De rpiiiaget! Ry Nay: Figs : » ‘2 ae nes has as ds i om : ral ue a ; "ean et, te Mh ‘a i 7 oa . sew gl if aiae’ i a ae fe. AS i if ae , E reer Pel al ee ee rd i her . cel Uni camptodon d L2 fs Lyon M Unio lugubris, A L, ) L Lyon rounded ; lunule large; posterior margin prominent, ex- tending far behind the beaks and rounded ; base a little contracted in the middle; within milk white; teeth, a single rather long, oblique, undivided primary tooth in each valve ; lateral teeth rather slender, towards the tip a little arquated. OBSERVATIONS. This interesting, new shell was sent to me by Mr. Bar- abino, who discovered it opposite to New Orleans in ponds. An exterior view of the shell would not immediately dis- tinguish it from Alasmodonta edentula, Nob. but the in- ner surface is quite different, and the armature of teeth separates them generically. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The plate exhibits the exterior, interior and dorsal views of the shell. Pl, @2 UNIO LUGUBRIS. DESCRIPTION, Shell transversely subovate, inflated, dark brownish or blackish, wrinkled ; umbones prominent ; beaks not very prominent, eroded; ligament margin slightly arquated ; ligament more or less concealed; anterior margin very widely rounded, sometimes ‘truncate or even subemargi- nate; posterior margin rather prominent, but very short; base often a little contracted in the middle; within pale lilac; cardinal teeth oblique, compressed, denticulated ; lamelliform teeth slightly arquated, granulated and striated at tip; posterior accessory cicatrix rounded, rather deep ; anterior margin somewhat iridescent, SYNONYMS. Unio ater, Lea. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. Vol. 3, pl. 7, New Series. OBSERVATIONS. I received several specimens of this shell from Mr. Barabino, who obtained them from Bayou Teche, Parish of St. Mary, Louisiana. It seems to be intermediate, and almost connected by means of varieties, to U. cariosus, Nob., and ventricosus, Barnes ; like those species it has the posterior side prominent and very short, the anterior mar- gin often truncate and the primary teeth often double in both valves; but however close this alliance may be, it can be distinguished by its somewhat different habit. It is differently coloured, less cylindrical than cariosus and proportionally longer and more cylindrical than ven- tricosus. tn the young state the ligament margin appears to be coalite, and that of the older shell retains this union on its anterior portion. The name afer is preoccupied by Nilsson for a very dis- tinct species. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The plate represents the exterior, interior and dorsal views of the shell, P], 43, Me. Duy del. Crepidula plana Ny Ei Lyon Set. bs CREPIDULA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Shell free, univalve, irregular, ovate or oblong, convex, somewhat patelliform, with an epidermis ; spire very short or obsolete, apex obvious, obliquely inclined, towards the margin; within horizontally divided about half the length by a diaphragm ; muscular impression lunate. “Inimal more or less depressed, oval, curved in the pos- terior part ; mantle very thin, without marginal tentacula ; foot not thick, small and rounded; body each side of the head auriculated ; head emarginate before ; tentacula two, subcylindric, or subconic, slightly contractile, with the eyes near their exterior base ; mouth in the emargination, with- out teeth; branchial cavity very large, situated obliquely on the anterior part of the back, containing a fascicle of long branchial filaments, which extend forward and at tip float on the right side of the neck ; anus on the right side. OBSERVATIONS, These are marine shells attaching themselves to various objects. Atleast many of the species have no locomotion, passing their whole life in one spot, and being moulded upon the surface of their resting place, exhibit its curva- tures and inequalities. Lamarck separated the species from the Linnean Patel- le, forming a very natural and very distinct group. For although it exhibits a slight similarity to Septaria, Feruss. yet it is readily distinguished from that shell, which has not a proper diaphragm, the labium being only a little prominent and acute; it is also a fresh water, operculated shell, allied to Neritina. The genus Pileolus, Sowerby, hasa very prominent lab- ium or diaphragm, but the spire is altogether concealed. CREPIDULA PLANA. DESCRIPTION. Shell depressed, flat, oblong oval, transversely wrinkled, lateral margins abruptly deflected ; apex not prominent and constituting a mere terminal angle, obsolete in the old shells ; within white ; diaphragm occupying half the length of the shell, convex, at the edge contracted in the middle and at one side. SYNONYM. C. puana, Lob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se., Vol. 2, p. 226. OBSERVATIONS. This species is remarkable for its depression, being with- out convexity above, and is even often curved upward. {n order to give space beneath for the substance of the an- imal, the margin of the shell is vertically deflected. ‘The general curvature is yarious in different individuals, being modified in compliance with that of the surface on which they rest. It inhabits the coast of the United States, at least from New York to Florida and iscommon. The young shell is generally orbicular and gradually becomes proportionally more elongated as it increases in size. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The plate exhibits the exterior, interior and profile views of the shell, Pl. 44, yh iy hath 6 a is a ' wip . % Ae vy 2 ah is v4 at vs bona oe ' a f haa ee ar mn ia aor blk mit — ot 7 © ‘ md y: x : oie A # ‘hue as : ae an oi ‘i sane " elle! ¥ } - a' yy 7 a i ea —_* ‘i oe re rae y 7 ee a 4 i ri «4 3 Bi (i) wh Pipi Ee Soh - . iene y ee nN rs oe ise, nar | ry Pasrvptaie ile iia i pa a iar Ate 7 oY Ms sh ert a a i an ere, i het, p} ame ; Lata ess nen ee ne ee , mie oa we z et . rat Mhbodiola prywmana Lam. MM” Say Del. FD L.Lwon Sot MODIOLA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell equivalve, inequilateral, obliquely elongated, more or less subovate, regular ; summits near the posterior ex. tremity, but not terminal; anterior margin obtusely rounded ; posterior margin short, rounded ; posterior base a little gaping to permit the passage of the byssus ; liga- ment marginal, rectilinear, subinterior, elongated ; hinge edentulous ; two principal, remote muscular impressions, of which the anterior one is larger, and securiform ; palleal impressions entire. OBSERVATIONS. A genus of marine bivalves, separated by Lamarck from the Linnean genus Mytillus, in consequence of the beaks not being terminal, as they are in that group. It must be confessed however that they are very closely related, cor- responding in the other characters of the shell, as well as in the habits of the animal, the organization of which, ac- cording to the anatomist Poli is similar, and to which col- lectively he appropriates the name of Callitriche ; for a description of it the reader is refered to the genus Mytil- lus. Several species blended by Lamarck in Modiola, were separated by Cuvier under the name of Lithodomus, in consequence of their habit of penetrating and dwelling in the interior of calcareous rocks and other solid substan- ces; their shell, excepting its more cylindrical form, has much the character of Modiola; but it is probable, judg- ing by their mode of life that the characters of the animal, will justify the arrangement of Cuvier. The byssus is a fascicle of filiform fibres, each of which is suddenly enlarged at tip so as to form a little disk, that is applied by the foot of the animal to the supporting object. Lamarck described twenty three recent and several fos- sil species. MODIOLA PAPUANA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell oblong, epidermis reddish-brown, shell violaceous. SYNONYMS. Muscuuvus papuanus, J)’.4rgenv. Conch. (Lam.) Moprowa paruana, Lam. Jin. sans Vert. §c. DESCRIPTION. Shell oblong subovate, very narrow behind and widely rounded before; umbonial slope obtusely rounded and prominent; surface rather deeply wrinkled ; epidermis reddish-brown, beneath which the surface of the shell is more or less violaceous; within dull whitish, somewhat iridescent. OBSERVATIONS. I received seyeral fine specimens of this shell from Dr. D. H. Storer as inhabiting Cape Elizabeth and Prout’s Neck, Maine. It is the common “Horse muscle” of the English collectors and appears to be abundant in the Euro- pean Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Leach says, “beneath the epidermis the shell is invariably whitish,” whilst La- marck says, “Epiderme noiratre; test lilas.” ‘The shell ap- pears to become more elongated with age. Adanson’s figure (pl. 15, fig. 1,) generally quoted for this species, is probably altogether distinct; it is but little more widely rounded anteriorly than posteriorly, and the dorsal angle is much more prominent. Leach quotes My- tillus modiolus, Linn. as a synonym of M. papuana ; but Lamarck and some other conchologists quote it, with doubt, as the same as Modiola tulipa, Lam. Laskey in the ‘Transact. of the Wern. Soc. says they at- tain to the length of nine inches; the largest in my collec- tion is five inches and three fourths long. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. ‘ The plate represents the exterior and interior views. Pl. 45. 7 M, we Ms fis che a ane ie setae o va ae nt iene al ra ¥ wir y ate rel i. ane ya Fa e a al bd tut he dekiibre’ shiticye sal al ae 9 Vite in? RY thd RY avn. y Fh. af eh ft a A - : iss ‘ wo re ee) at % a rai?! qf by ‘aa VBE Dp ot "i reer gn ia a =, 28 Sou x ne , vy va | ae ah y ae nt Wad oben etna dies Yar ae ates" ay iv a) a Me ti box wie oh nt mn ie a roost Y ; uit iat nate tien nid ere a byteentzon eh bea mite let y at iti iii hs nae ag | F eV ne hoger a i. i> die Lele 5 an Te z : ee ip Re tk, vc ‘ sinh ri : as — hei "7 Por. as Pid ¥ 7 \ ‘ . ie oie 4 eg a a shi 7 ou yy rr ee iba ad Perr 7 Ls TT Pe 5 Pa ae Toe i a nin CE . ok; ani TP ok war — teutlie . ie a ef ee : ae D5 oe fae ae mA Ps Ri a a een is A leu ry are) 1 ui ran ‘silt osttets yy ~ - =a ie 5, ee cat) Pe erg 4 f ne ‘ge y = aa Bae bi . tie) 1) f we Oe eee Hehe YE wis pe i at Lil salle ah its = vt 4 ’ RA J , ere AP en J 408 aia’ ¥¥ vad Kn bae mt i A tne ai ee, a : ho ve : ate! yee 4 or Pea rt, er is ep. wo iia a Re i ‘ AM tain i ia ie ~ " Mi a oe ae sare pt. Fai peak wa ve riety te drneal 9 “Se ma ‘3 rae see ad wm ‘a Pi ih ile ati uit a eas 7 ; Rane ‘. a dvie “e a Anes ‘i wT I ah a Md F oH an ~ ner Neer Oe ah ae Pe Th amt) ne vi ee Nene Ba Gee rik we niga das “a “i ko mee ena a a ay w& AA a wi tnd at ys caw aoc teh Yd v: i a Lat pan adr oy ; a en ni Of Ar AY b: va) - ; a ue uy, 7 ua ae wa ; rey : ANG j 1 7 Oe wal ‘ay » + Sean, AN, We int I ale OW ak Saat, P ra a Pot " Ni Ce. ‘ es ns 5 ian Bi, Os Pa je ona, ¥ uit ne ‘wi nile viet wr . Be + re) a Piha \ a ri, a ao : be 7 a | ; one ; inh 7 7 ‘ ote ie » ‘Vo ne +; hie ”" ve 7 i eae - me re | iY im ’ a wy - 7 . . 4 ae iad Vhi iM ey hae: De v, a Yh ot es; es i vs Ke ra i 4% [7% th - pei : 7 a: i ae 4) ih tate Pe i ee eps: ae owe 1 + any eat ae Cae a ra ay tee MD hip v4 peu ae. ‘aw 2 aeee ; f. : ‘ae Ly here ae! i e , eee. pias ry ee A, ah: nent Kinga od a eer “3? oy s, oe J i, ™ ou . ' 4 Yeo 7 j 4 a - baer at 7 rt ny Pak me (in, & i a sald sae ined 7 - hi ae ” © sary cAI sig a Te OMe 5)? a | eee Cae ytvk Aen. A Tae eee - Daal : WL ad or ork, + he * y y + es o ‘‘ Fis); win ¥ Ba | , + he, “ a" ‘i o% Ve a cm Hees cae | ; Da a ie 7 7 an Pee mee i a ry he af ¥ made pat Ag al aR ah ABA S fe bee ie m bi _ - nm TT mn Gar u iw rn ‘en > m3 i . 7 in a 4) "7 7 ee ae a fa) Pte ris ae La oa \ + yore) ie i a a ‘ wi la fs anor “oe | 7 ‘ ep 4 y « } os ; - yay Gy nit | Rae ay ea” Get) 4. i fy ue mene tal aa med Pree? liN a ‘? ‘ere i‘ Mg Pe ae uf a iH) he best y ver =: i : } Ayres ac F A core q fae i ae - os ny 1 ft anh um My har ~ ae [iw aol ue ee” Mee if pcan ‘ hi Wh Se ht. ene aN , 4” hs oe gat Ba ee iy. vai Ah aie ae iy an wen eee ae ae Aig arr . ° re | ee © bes , ys os he ay : = ; Cute ree. ATOR elated 4 a. ee oll —— es *g@-T b ~ Sha) —e a”. ioe ae ne at. uf a o = co is al Tits A Pee a+ AG a 4 Py _s ae ae mr . = vip oe . 5 " ee ar 7 * v.50 " ! 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Y ia i ae 2? ma os 4 nhre ~ jd. pee ™ Tie fl O99 7 a a + oe a) Ta ye ; i i ae _ a J > ik a4 i = '_ a ahh 428 a ~- Wien -— m vibra ¥ wie ae - , a . 7 ; 7 » an “.¥ a ro a PO er’ " ping - ye ienny ei galng) rr ee Sr he wren ee ° he oe, ee hh ee * 4 : i te id a “tig ie 7 a 7 . : : : wie , 7 Al bas"? @ ‘i C . ‘vo mM ra eh, ae ¥ ney P 7 a aa - ’ 7 a td calaabe) {2 -_ e{ : 7 yrery i i as) | i | 2 - an), a ~~ rites oy 2rp, on a ae a ens Pas ; ; ‘a a | a . sPikar! - ae. aan al Ne, ba fits: 7 - : td es > ; ‘ig ee ie *) s\ eg Mtn yr a ia! on : } j Spaeth 7 r . : p Sy ‘ee ‘vas j sey he ies = Son, Oe VY oY Mga he elas. B,- 238! us. Se Man! eg Am, Sl) of oS ek a 2 z= a Be = nt i ihe Radial rx. 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PS ied vn ie ig 6, — f om 15 pee er i Sy a ron ve re tg ay Peer ay > ios res Oe? 7 we ' ; y ge a «! fi Re a , La _ 7 . 5 7 a] 4 an rT iu | 7 i es Py . vas 1. 7 we», 7 ay ‘ ead Pr rh, ) ‘we val a a % ‘oe iD & . s ‘ ¥ ‘> n a eo 7 TOME eee : P: ap: Sas Pad yay io : ~ \-4 , eae - @vmy ii? ae ovo 4) ae = i oa en A ee Be sg Pr. 1c, Me) ane fie : / - py SPL Sas a 7 - a Li . ‘ - ts J Py 4 ul 7 Nea a a 4 oh i? aa) ve a ae 7 bs a 7 ~~ = y > on mas @ 7 i i 2 , ,) " — Dy ae | 7 : = wy, rn 7 , ee - - Pas ld -) Yf'* Say Det. a Ly df 22,3 EHelicina orbiculola, 4, 5b, ocetlta, S. Ab 5; HELICINA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell subglobular ; spire depressed or but little elevated ; aperture semiorbicular, modified by the preceding volution; base with a more or less obvious callosity covering the umbilicus; labrum acute or a little reflected; columella at, base a little prominent and joined to the labrum at an angle ; operculum horny, and with concentric elements. Animal terrestrial, globular, subspiral; head rostrated ; rostrum bilabiated at the tip and shorter than the tenta- cula, which are two in number, filiform, and have the prominent eyes at the exterior part of their base, upon a tubercle ; the organs of respiration as in Cyclostoma; the branchial cavity communicates with the atmosphere by a large slit; foot simple, with an anterior marginal groove. OBSERVATIONS. ‘The general appearance of the shell resembles mucli that of a Helix, but the base of the columella is a little prominent, and the locality of the umbilicus is more obvi- ously covered with a callus. But the most striking differ- ence is in the animal, which in Helix has the eyes at the tip of the superior pair of tentacula, whereas in Helicina they are at the exterior base of the only pair; the opercu- lum of the latter is also a sufficient distinction. Lamarck formerly united several species under this genus that he has since very properly separated under the name of Rotella, (Pitonillus, Montf.,) as being inhabitants of the ocean, with a much dilated basal callus. This union led me to form my genus Oligyra for the reception of one of the following species, well knowing it could not be naturally congeneric with the Linnean Trochus vesti- arius, the type of that genus. In the Zoological Journal, for 1824, Gray has described fifteen species, which he disposes in several minor groups ; but Ferussac states, that he possesses from twelve to fif- teen species which seem to be unknown to Gray, some of which he could not refer to either of those groups. Not- withstanding the variations and transitions of the species, it may be found convenient and even natural to separate generically, those in which the fissure is very obvious, in the labrum, under the name of Helicina, from those of which the labrum is simple or nearly so; and to the latter the name of Oligyra could be retained, under which name I described the animal, ’till then entirely unknown. HELICINA ORBICULATA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell pale greenish, or yellowish, with one or two bands. SYNONYM. OxicyrA orsicuLaAtTA. ob. Nicholson's Encyel. (Amer. 3d. Kd.) DESCRIPTION. Shell subglobular; spire not very prominent, but more than convex; whorls five, obsoletely striated across, regu- larly rounded; colour pale greenish, yellowish, or slightly tinged with reddish, particularly on the body, and mar- gined above by a paler line; on the middle of the body whorl a paler band revolves which is sometimes margined by a dusky colour, and is also sometimes obsolete or alto- gether wanting; base of the columella very slightly pro- jecting into an obtuse angle; labrum whitish, reflected. “Inimal pale; rostrum and tentacula blackish, the latter with a white line; eyes very black, elevated in form of a short tubercle; length about equal to the breadth of the shell; foot not broader than the body; operculum yellow- ish brown, granulated. UBSERVATIONS. During a short visit to Florida, in company with Mr, Maclure, I discovered this shell, in great numbers on the “Oyster shell Hammocks.” ‘These are elevated knolls of oyster shells intermixed with earth, which rise by an abrupt acclivity on all sides, from the salt marshes near the mouth of St. John’s river, to the elevation of fifteen or twenty feet. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE, Fie. i, dorsal view ; pail Pol tte y Wnlarged 2, front view, 5 % 3, natural size. Pl. 46, HELICINA OCCULTA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Carinated ; carma almost concealed on the spire and nearly obsolete on the body whorl. SYNONYM. H. occunta. Nob. Transyloana Journal of Medicine, Vol. 4, p. 529. DESCRPTIION. Whorls about five, carinate, or with an acute shoulder which is almost concealed on the spire by the suture ; it becomes more obtuse and almost obsolete or even impress- ed, on the body whorl, but near the labrum it is again very obvious: the whole surface has slightly clevated, somewhat regular lines, forming grooves between them, across the whorls and there is an appearance of revolving lines on the body whorl, particularly beneath: /abrum entire, thick, a little reflected, obtusely a little more prom- ment towards the base, but not angulated. OBSERVATIONS. All the specimens that I have yet found are dead and bleached. ‘They occur abundantly in the rugged and abrupt “ bluff,’ half a mile below New-Harmony, near the river bank, with many Helices, that are commonly found in the Western States. They are much the same size, or even a little larger than the Helicina orbiculata ; Nob. ; which species is destitute of carina and of promi- nent wrinkles or elevated lines, its labrum is reflecied. but not thickened, with a distinct angle near its base. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fio. 4, front view; adult, ( Biclanced 5, front view; young, S ; 6, natural size, P], 46 uN ea bpd eas pasty Ss re i ge Say del. 1 a ayaa l rue Melania laguea tas; Lo Se. org uived __ __ _ -semicarinala,S., L7 nuitti lineata, ®- y “ MELANIA VIRGINICA. DESCRIPTION. Shell turrited, usually truncate-eroded at tip: olivaceous or blackish brown ; whorls about six, but little rounded, crossed by obvious wrinkies; a dull reddish line revolves near the base of the whorls, and another near or upon the middle, both sometimes obsolete or wanting ; labrum a lit- tle prominent towards the base. /immal bluish-white beneath, with orange clouds each side of the mouth; above pale orange shaded with dusky and banded with numerous black interrupted lines ; mouth advanced into a rostrum as long as the tentacula, which are darker at base, and setaceous; foot with an undulated outline. Var. a. Shell destitute of the rufous bands. SYNONYMS. Buccrinum yireiicum, Gmel. p. 3505, Dill. Deser. Catal. p. 652. Laster Synop. pl. 113, jig. 7. Panupina virernica, Nob. Nicholson’s Encycl. (3d Amer. Ed.) art. Conch. pl. 2, fig. 4. Mewanta rascrata, Menke, Synop. Molluse. p. 82. [ Var. a.] Lister Synop, pl 110, fig. 4. OBSERVATIONS. This species is very abundant in the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers. The basal portion of the labrum in Lister’s figure of plate 113 above quoted is deficient, ney- ertheless [ have no doubt that the figure was intended for this species, and that his figure 4, of pl. 110 is intended te represent the variety. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 2, front view Pl. 47, MELANIA MULTILINEATA. DESCRIPTION. Shell turrited, usually truncate-eroded at tip; dark brown ; whorls six or seven, very slightly convex, with nu- merous, filiform, elevated, subequal revolving lines, which are from ten to twenty in number on the body whorl: labrum a little prominent towards the base. SNONYMS. M. montizineata, Nob, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol. p. 380. M. curra, Menke, Synop. Molluse. p. $1 OBSERVATIONS. This shell occurs in the eastern waters, particularly in frankford Creek, near Philadelphia, and Professor Van- uxem gave me specimens which he obtained from a stream in New Jersey. It is closely related to M. virginica, Nob. but may be distinguished by its stria. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. J, back view P}. a7 MELANIA SEMICARINATA. DESCRIPTION, Shell small, conic-turreted ; spire acute at the apex, the four apicial volutions carinate below; volutions about eight, somewhat convex ; suture moderately impressed ; surface, especially of the body whorl slightly wrinkled ; labrum a little promiment near the base ; within slightly tinged with reddish brown. SYNONYM. M. semicarinara, (Vob. Dissemimator of Useful know OBSERVATIONS. This pretty little species occured in great numbers in a small stream in Kentucky. It may be distinguished from our other species by its small size, combined with the ex- istance of a carinated line only formed in its immature state ; having increased to four or five volutions the carina is no longer formed. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Figure 4, front view. a, the spire enlarged to show the carina. Pl. 47. MELANIA LAQUEATA. DESCRIPTION. Shell oblong, conic; spire longer than the aperture, ele- vated, acute at tip; volutions moderately convex, with about seventeen, regular, elevated, equal, equidistant costa on the superior half of each volution, extending from su- ture to suture and but little lower on the spire, and becom- ing obsolete on the body whorl; suture moderately im- pressed ; labrum and columella a little extended at base. SYNONYM. M. taqueara, Nob. Disseminator of Useful Knowledge, Fol. 3. OBSERVATIONS. This species was found by Dr. Troost in Cumberiand River. The elevated costa, without any revolving lines, distinguish this shell from the other species of our coun- try. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE igure 1, front view Pl. 47, vim yorriwenrr o2@ oar a eS il > A A a A i La ‘ 7 e SL ines 2 eae m es an ik’ te th a a ir] we wy Me ’ Date? Bie As J me se mn nl 2 val ' fru Nige | _ Pein ps Poem, it hon ad Y v 2) os ; \ RS evils a by is vi fit 7 : | PNT? § em ; iv yy a. 7) lala catanicaadeie nae’ a ee (ere a AD af ‘ aa’. P : fu iM, i e. ih 7 r ane ey. hn aaa vue ‘ i 1 aa ‘ oe 7. ’ wer mn) j , | hae ‘ve ids ee te Mila deb, eee A Gea biel i ore ee. a etals AY eh 4 a yA ae Lae | ye Larne Af LON ery ‘ ae ' Py yh Pn : ey } er ani eve nie me yy NM. vm ide eh iid nie aithms Bare: a Mir, ie *) " vy AO ae ; as. nat 7 a ia y ls fo Aa Ai a oe ay Vée oa ay Nie iy be ine ui ' oe i) ea ae os By cg ra We" re ‘ Ps) al i. ata a Tip ip ee pi aon a ui, mys uN Yui a Ms vA Wer) iy ey ae ne a Nes hr ae ve 5 ue we ‘vas Pra i Kt eae. # hj oo) 4 (0 gel) Sn it er ee 4 4 i fi : 4 ‘ig eae aT : i Te Sp oars we Lit Py ey | Peay cial - ee te BM Mle Aptis MU icaie ale aa ae: ae. | 1M ) Bal pet Vie h im oh ee wy BK va ale rea he, m1 ha 2 aM, Sr : a Pan 4? a i af " gy he , We [ ee, © vie J ign ie) ae at iy i -- 7 : De s) ed : Waa s Sian $ fie ia ey FIT A en thoes lan, ed ieee HI ; a 7 ane A 2. - : 1 ry Aa i" ben at Pity a 40}. ue a Ait oa mae a a Pp 7 Pf islet Dy! ; , [ ; ee a sr ark Ay ay wa uh) , wy i mi 1g ee ; ae ity » Jo ait i Vee, oO b 7 7 a — Py eet 7 aoe r oe). Cue ay eA: mt i Tat Vidi vs gion i a ban " ; ie . ) a ay. rt, oy! Ae)? hid a oP ia ee a) re ihaet ud ie . “(ee © re mr | Aes Ds A wry! 1a, arr uj OTe A ‘Wis : os “ib at maiY r or a ee a’ at 4 “eh é a | a fia ye at. aN y iy — .y “" 7 in hal at , inpet va ¥’ An : 2 7 i i Q 7 : AN 9 rig) eS”, rier _? eee \Ov aa. , wel Sey Sa ’ " ~~, a 7 v- : 7 7 : v} ¥ MY nolty ’ ; fa My oy, - BY! a Y “ae , 7 an ‘g ayy wi’ ; ‘J ray WANs! Ai os : UIs Ls , LO a a i of ny al 74 J) Phy 7 TT sseike| 4 a de ay 7 Ne i rome in ma ",u oF Po pul. *'¢ ay) an J en a “a Lad ie) al iy ¢ 8. Sts he a Lats ez h war ni ; ui sh eae vy A % ies rae , : rol a 7 : Ne fa* po es) ON a = 2 i ml oe r Ry A eee Oa Se ae ui a WEY | OR i . 7 rial = re | al he maa, a ps) Sd + ip , = 5 > Ae ds , r wo - i) - - ; ye mu r rn we i e et r five * i - fi 7 rn € *% - a ; a Pipe, Bi Vis te _ q H Lathe 1. 7 re 7 diate png: nh a), ee Ps. x J - * nn jig Fo : er - ee i “a ——_ . i. = = a - i i: = - - : ‘ ie . a : - : ee 7 Vay eae rar Caen wiles an ae ore Ae A ae a, ae Ran ed ee _ ay Oye = 7 +O, 6, yee P ue Af iat wilt ain ‘ y ee t ¢ ’ ‘i ms ita NS 5 | as ; AR a ip r a e) a ra me A. a) \G es ‘on oa oe ioe are AG ve abar: | cal a Me, : ey Daa a, oe ae Paani PRT NME 6 oth 98 meas or & aphy i 7 te yi RA We Paer & Ate, a ee 4 : bi a Ded. Ranella candela Ls x ¥ Se y F : RANELLA. ) ; - é 4 e BY _CENERIC CHARACTER : " Shell oval or oblong, more or less depressed in conse- quence of havinga range of varices only on each side, form- — ing a somewhat oblique longitudinal series ; aperture oval, the labium being much arquated ; base canaliculated, sometimes a little emarginated ; a sinus at the superior ter- mination of the labrum: epidermis distinet ; operculim. horny? , OBSERVATIONS. These are the Frog and ‘Toad shells of collectors, 2 ge- nus of well marked Marine shells dismembered by La- marck from the Linnean Murex in consequence of their lateral margined character. Montfort made another divi- sion of these shells ; to those with an umbilicated colume! la he gaye the generic name of Apollon, and those which have no appearance of umbilicus he named Buflo; these designations, or rather their corresponding words Apolle and Crapaud, are adopted by Blainville as subgenera of Ranella. ‘These shells are sufficiently distinet from those of any other group and cannot be mistaken, if we except a few species which approach ‘Triton, (a name which ought to be changed, as it had been previously applied as a scientific designation by Laurenti to a genus of Amphibia) a genus which is distinguished by having its varices rare and not at the equal distanees of half volutions from. each _ other. The animal does not seem to be known, but judg: ing by analogy, it probably resembles that of Triton and Murex and has therefore a horny operculum, composed of jamelliform elements, disposed in an imbricated manner and commencing at the superior tip. It must also be car- nivorous. RANELLA CAUDATA. DESCRIPTION, Shell pale reddish-brown, cancellate with eleven robust cost on the body whorl and several revolving filiform lines passing oyer them, and more prominent on the varix of the aperture, terminate at its inner edge, and there alter- nate with the raised lines of the fauces ; volutions flattened at their summits, abruptly declining to the suture; canal coarctate, rather longer than the spire; beak rectilinear, reflected at tip. SYNONYM. Ranecia caupata, ob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Vol. p. 236, OBSERVATIONS, This is a common species on the coast of the United States. Its generic affinity is not always obvious, as in some specimens the varix of the aperture, only, is well formed. _ The generic name borders rather too closely upon Re- nilla, which designates a genus of the class Polypi of La- marck. Montfort’s appellation Buffo is not preferable for a similar reason, as it would be liable to be confounded with Bufo, a genus of Reptilia. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The plate shews the back and front views. Pi. 48. ay * ol al on) as ae o see Pe | ee ae inci ef this se es ie #2 tiv how r ond deena “lbs; ‘aber ae ordi. y Wapel wp. pe re sikh i eileettirband: he Ge A \ ae im Mes hd slbpnaes emai Jeon Vet phen wi nt fe hiss ‘this eink ETP EER Bek pena yg O71 yee ad i; -~ = We ; yee is? fattt eH SIS Ie im ask Py P) » i] f 1 A TORT IM } inaaaderoaianedi FEST E Bee my , eae at Bi 5 aftl ar ae a Rae Panny rh ay ty ” a iu) b vee ‘nh: * ee wd: PPS. Fa es pabet < ; . : , re iy ie Thi om gi fh eget wot iain heh it! meen weibnit fe! ks aed ye nsec ta | “ eSicappeanintieRvey: aoe pare aR a + “i > ov ey 2 tes ve ns ay 4 ; River) =... =~ y 7 o! , ny b> 4 Bi pee hs teh @ ws ‘tyes : Nis pp amene j ie é Cay o's 6 ypeind ner 4 ay ps! aad we ‘ ‘ Pe ao ee ran ' ee pitas on Ape aa , 4) Vay al I 2 pe ee Cerithium miuscarum, fe rragt nen , hy) S. 7-striatum, S$ \ uu. \ oon TE) CERIDHIUM. $s: 4) poo here GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell more or less turrited, often tubercular; aperture small, oblique, with a short, truneated or recurved canal at base, which is not emarginated ; labium concave, more or less callous; a more or less distinct. groove at the june- tion of the labrum with the preceding whorl; operculum small, rounded. Animal much elongated ; mantle prolonged in a canal on the left side ; foot short, oval, with an anterior marginal groove; head with a proboscis, depressed; tentacula re- mote, with the eyes on their middle, beyond which they are slender; mouth terminal, vertical, without labial tooth and with a very small tongue; a long and narrow branchia. OBSERVATIONS. Brugucire adopted the name of this genus from Adan- son, Who says, that Fabius Columna used the word to designate one of the species., ‘he following is the de- seriptive appellation of the latter, “ Buecinum tuberosum Cerithium parvum.” Ali the species which Adanson referred to it are correctly placed, with the exception of the Ligar, (‘Turritella terebra, L.) and the Mesal, both of | which he was aware differ generically from the others. He thus describes the operculum of C. radula, Li. and his figure corresponds in character, “opercule exactement orbiculaire, carlilagineux, fort mince, brun transparent et matqué de cing sillons circulaires conceniriques,’ but Blainville says, it is subspiral: They are Marine and crawl upon the mud, feeding upon small animals. ‘These shells are generally elongated cones, beautifully decorated with regular series and bands of granules, tuber- cles and other symmetrical protuberances. Liinne placed the species known to him, in the very different genera Murex, Trochus and Strombus. Blainville includes, as subgenera, Pyrena, Lam., Potamides, Brong., Pyrazus, Montf., Nerine, Def., and Triphora, Desh. ‘The aperture of the two latter have a complicated appearance, and the others are altogether destitute of canal. Numerous recent and still more fossil species have been described, chiefly by Lamarck, who remarks, that the more our collections become enriched, the more difficulty attends the determination of genera and particularly of species; the vacancies which we supposed to be natural limits, become proportionally filled up. The difficulty he experienced in fixing the character of each species of Cerithium led him to the conclusion, that it is principally in this genus that this fact is the most evidently shown, because the collections abound in these shells. Thestudy of these shells is very important to the’ geologist in his at- tempts to ascertain the changes that eal taken place in the surface of the globe. CERITHIUM MUSCARUM. . SPECIFIC CHARACTER. White, with coste, transverse strie and series of brown spots. — DESCRIPTION, Shell oblong-conical, with rather distant, longitudinal, prominent ribs, and distant prominent spiral strie, which by passing over the ribs give the latter a crenate appear- ance, and are five in number on the body whorl and four on the second, the intervals with smaller parallel striz ; ribs about eleven on the body whorl; voluéions nine, a lit- tle convex; sufwre indented, distinet; aperture oblique, oval-orbicular ; Jabium concave; colour pure white, with reddish brown spots on the striz so arranged as to exhibit longitudinal and transverse series. OBSERVATIONS. The regularly arranged spots on a white ground, give this species a very neat and delicate appearance. it was communicated by Mr. Elliott, who informed me that it inhabits the southern shores of Florida. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. J, front view, enlarged. @ natural length. Pl. 49 6 CERITHIUM SEPTEMSTRIATUM. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. With longitudinal coste and transverse strize; the coste bifid towards the base; volutions blackish, white above. *DESCRIPTiION,. Shell turreted, with longitudinal ribs rendered some- what nodulous by the passage of elevated spiral strie over them; ribs thirteen on the body whorl, their interstices ~ much more deeply excavated near the suture, and each divided into two on the basal half; spiral striz on the body whorl seven, with smaller parallel strie between them, on the second whorl are four striz, and on the third three ; volutions nine; suture not indented; aperture oblique, oval-orbicular, dark livid within and not distinctly. stria- ted ; labrum whitish on the inner margin, often interrupt- ed by small brown lines corresponding with the exterior striz, exterior margin slightly thickened ; Jabtuwm concave with a callous at the junction with the labrum, and with the canal livid ; colowr dusky or blackish. the interstices oi the strie’ often whitish, with a — superior margin to the whorls. — m From Mr. Elliott. It isa very pretty shell, inhabiting the southern coast of Florida. J think that it approaches C. zonale, Brug. though it does not perfectly agree with Lamarck’s description, particularly in not being “longitu- dinaliter obsolete plicate,” for the folds in our shell are so prominent and robust as to deserve the name of ribs. It seems probable that Lister’s figure 81, of pl. 1018 1s intended for this shell; to which figure Gmelin gave the name of Murex minimus. This practice of naming fig- ures of older authors, I conceive leads to error, and ought to be condemned by every modern naturalist. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 2, front view, enlarged. 6, natural length. Pl 49. CERITHIUM FKERRUGINEUM. ‘ ait. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Pale ferruginous. granulated by longitudinal ribs and transverse striz. DESCRIPTION. Shell oblong-conical with longitudinal ribs rendered nodulous or moniliform by the passing of elevated spiral strie over them; ribs about twenty on the body whorl, almost interrupted by the interstices of the strie; strie about seven, with intermediate smaller ones, on the body whorl, and but three on the second whorl; volutions seven; sufure inconspicuous; aperture oblique, oval, whit- ish within; /abrum slightly thickened on the exterior mar- gin, and with obsolete impressed lines on the inner side corresponding with the exterior strie; colour ferruginous. OBSERVATIONS. Communicated by Mr. Elliott as an inhabitant of the southern coast of Florida. Its general form is similar to that of the preceding species, but it is smaller, its eleva- tions are more rounded like granules, and its ribs'are not bifid. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 3, front view, ealarged. e natural length. Pl. 49. 2 ; a Ph: ae — q > Js ti oes ay ; — a . ae a af 5 = sy) a ~ _ ert ie rte) 7 ay ve 7 > ee S Lo? oo a 7 7 4 ed ay ; : , 7 én 1 ee a. Py ee ee ee ; ods ta v ad Frye csi hoe r ae a ani ot = a. - ae i fi ”— -“ _ ——_—a a . > = + 4 —s + a7 - oe a -? re = » .- an a _ z oan ee = is gdeagi ie EE OA Loe “ iw ibm i eres, st) | w a ; 2 © whe nile ’ Wale wa ae te: ie) (ie y | or =} pa a Ret Dik ad at el =F ‘' wer ie Bs ajual ee: — Sea 1-2 art, oa - A ee} a ] . Pin ve «te Ti: b eee: » * . * nn an ~s iw ne 7 __ — ws, Ue ry ‘i i i * i ey eo ‘3 j [a Se cow v _? “i i oa ad it 7 Li fae in ic a : - 7 : . Yo a sree Riba Ain ten ei i a P ae: ie ee) te a aT = fits Pp ai id uS wah VAR hes ‘é ; yur » a ~ ry : is : ey ie j : ‘daew 7 ahs ee A Op 7 epee oe i ul she i YS SDT i. eK, . it rile | non igen nice 7 - a -o ean .- 6 Te. oe ce) v 7 = yr (au ql : wy cm ie. P| rl . r us® pvr W . aks ion i a, Ul} ae vm” i ath rn gr Prey ” “— A ah i : beni a ia 4 ry ; 7 ar. om ead ‘wa _ rec iv a 1 > i ow wa ai) | ar e 7 } od : ; . Nee av] “i ree ty I as 4 } si y ve oh al | 7 a ars ) e Ds). ; ie he | ats tga Yaa RG av pa i "7 a a ie As ‘i = : i } ihe 4 i a * : : . : . a mi vil? n > wv rede Lil 1 7 7 Ca us it / >. Ss 4 ad “4 ya ee " - (pes reat ae eee 7 awe ar Pia ik a a Ai PY ye nn he ae | ewer - 7 : 7 Vaae , a i i . »Dews al ae oe = 3 2 _— ¥ ‘, 2 i‘ . mf ne my ¥ ies ‘ 2) T? ee 7 ' ‘ wy reg | ae ran * Ss" at = they rd: ‘Gn ~ » re ‘ cans 4 col hi ie 7 7a - . ) . aa Mh : 4 al 4 1a ul Fi : es i i of : - : nae i fi as a id vf " - . Sa Sal . r i 2 yo oe ae ’ at " er ’ ea a . : 44 os cea did hepa ue a 7 y et , ia we oo 7 iia ¥ ane AL 'f See? ©) : ‘a Y 2 ‘ « , 4°" “0g A _" (uted . he i i one pat 17 ® Ae J 7 ‘La Pca P 2 : oP Sr Re is ag eee) ath. " We i ies ae oe hah rit + 4 gv? . Ty AP aay 1 se noe : = ie PY - . ‘ * avy ak Pal” y ad P vr as) J 7" ie _ ‘4 adil ma : “ eon 4 a i a - 7 i a ris p' » Jeo ah - —_—, a v's . J " « 7 fob ) 1 "Cs a “ee ee ee } » poll Reed 2 ee Pe +e e) iy vu me, tA ee & sa en Lip ty gt yeh i > a Fal Ol ees * 4 PD a! + wh 4 re ny ” : he TT? .. o Pi of i a cae Gy ; ) eae. \ ce? a -s rn i a : “_ ay “4 ‘ie m > a SS som ~ : . + ’ ey ot a ple r ty : ‘io ria 4 ag .. i ; af Ful 7 % Som. Pip) 7, ie \” Y Sr . * i, oA) oo Paw | oan ve - : 7 PY —- 7 ‘eka i “oe ale hs - as - aa. Ae Sy... 0° ee ; Yer a | oe! ‘See ee a ee q ‘hay Li wa) © ee Ps ee : 7 y , =| 4 a te! ia ee ae ee a Senay " " PP? ive a ae » at es 2% > Sees a , an dass Me ply tind me el? b> ' , hag) a : v7 Pa ; , 6S NS ee eee : : 7 dab pe my ; > aa (Se? : - a a. ’ iF ma a7” y n r - i ee 7 ? 7 A5 Wis >) Grae oe r= fi i q , - . i ix ot a A rer 7 + a - aaa ee ao as " as “ee _ ww | a iL ‘ A - 4 pm hel ni (2 - : a ny hae at ph * i; sae) ; ye Se | 7 a p 4 7 7 - * 7 ’ 7 » - - , a a ee v TE ye $ Baty ery ‘ ist re, " Hal x > We ‘va 7 ; / } : W* Say Del. MyAllus hamatis, %. ; LILyon Set BO MYTILLUS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell equivalve, inequilateral, obliquely elongated, more or less ovate-acute or subtriangular, or subcuneiform, reg- ular ; summits posterior and terminal, acute; anterior ex- tremity obtusely rounded ; posterior base.a little gaping to permit the passage of the byssus ; ligament marginal, deep- ly seated, subinterior, rectilinear, elongated ; hinge edent- ulous, or with one or two rudiments of teeth ; two princi- pal remote muscular impressions, of which the anterior one is large and elongated ; palleal impression entire. OBSERVATIONS. This genus has been considerably modified since it came from the hands of our great master Linné, who uni- ted in one assemblage shells of divers characters, and con- structed by animals of opposite habits, forms and organiza- tion. Bruguiere distinguished the widely different genera Anodonta, and Avicula ; Lamarck separated Modiola, and Leach parted from Avicula the celebrated pear] shell of Ceylon under the name of Margarita, which was after- wards called Meleagrina by Lamarck. Cuvier instituted the genus Lithodomus, for M. lithodomus and some other species which perforate and reside within calcareous rocks. But of these the most closely allied to the present group are unquestionably Modiola and Lithodomus, which two are united together by Lamarck, and are considered by Blainville only as subgenera of Mytillus; and however closely allied we may acknowledge them to be, those gen- era may be distinguished by having the posterior margin arquated somewhat prominently, the apices or beaks not. being terminal as in Mytillus. ‘The latter naturalist gives the following account of the animal. “Body oyal, dila- ted; mantle open at its inferior middle only, which at its anterior extremity is fringed; foot linguiform, canalicu- late, with a byssus at its base and many pairs of retractor muscles; mouth with simple lips ; two adductor muscles, of which the posterior one is very small. Several species are eatable, and the common Muscle of Europe (M. edulis, L.) is taken to market in large quanti- ties for the table. All the species are marine with the ex- ception of the M. polymorphus, Gm. or Chemnitzii_ which inhabits the Danube and the Commercial Docks near London, but which is probably not strictly speak- ing of this genus, if we may judge by the somewhat cham- bered appearance of the beak cavity. They attach themselves by means of their byssus to rocks, stones and other fixed bodies and even to one anoth- er. The species are numerous; Lamarck enumerates thirty seven, of which two are fossil, and several have been more recently described. Some species are infested by a parasitical Pinnotheres. MYTILLUS HAMATUS. Longitudinally grooved ; incurved at base. SYNONYM. M. namarus. WVob. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Vol. 2, p. 265. M. striatus, Barnes. DESCRIPTION. _ Shell at. base incurved and acute; valves on every part of the exterior with longitudinal, elevated lines, which are bifid and sometimes trifid towards the tip, and transversely striated with numerous small equal lines ; colour blackish- brown with an olivaceous reflection ; within dark purpur- escent, subiridescent ; margin crenate, whitish. OBSERVATIONS. - .A very common species in the Gulf of Mexico, and is carried to the New Orleans market in consequence of its parasitical attachment to the common oyster. Hardly a cluster of oysters can there be found unaccompanied by one or more and generally numerous specimens of this shell, in various stages of growth. Our figure represents a fine large specimen, in which the incurved tip is not so remarkable as in many smaller individuals, and the form is somewhat more elongated and less triangular. It seems to approach M. decussatus as described by Lamarck, but in that species the transverse striz are stated to be une- qual, and its inner margin is not said to be of a different colour ; a character which in our shell is very obvious. Barnes read a description of it to the Lyceum of Natural History of New York in 1823 (see Silliman’s Journal, Vol. 6, p. 364.) It does not reach the attributed magnitude of M. crena- tus, Lam. a species which was supposed by that author to inhabit the coast of Carolina; but if either of the different figures of Lister, Sowerby, or that of the Encyclopedia Methodique is a tolerably correct representation of it, I have certainly not met with it. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The plate exhibits the inner and outer views of a valve. Pl. 50. ‘ig a ¢, * Chi Fy ia, & COR a . = aoe AG ah ae ra. “tte i ii Fan ASS . hs y a é en : We He; 2 A) ss ae SSCs ; i i oie ix oes va CS TDi: - ’ é nate, A Soro Sh one Q Bets ate $6) 9 ¢ an es E i 21. $A . PE he Feat c3) a rea fy. C oy Co ae a ea re ey. ’ Biss 5 fe ete ee ns Sat Sa 7 3 é f if 5, : 4 Se iad ga! % os eae darts Lye SORES Sa Meaiiad wari sad ws 2) EAE REM ILS Py MRO i 11RD ye os MAP ws area SSR Se te ie yee ise ag Cesta rf wees ee, Cea * “Seaeaa “fat, i ae Belt a ee Peo ae 2 Beer: m hz i ett ay Hyon. ria a a igior onhet | Battie: ae ae . i a ; ¥ 1a . elas pen Res: delueas erat: “UG WAAL |! a wid ae Enid wid 3 pad iy he A Be ae ; iy A vlonsneg on, ae ay a: gk Sa oe ie . ead s Hs ey ae A au fea tails Wales co eo ne thee renee nt 22 ; PAs +9; ai rt sate ree - pris Gat side? as Eile gaabaitse Reha | ; ey Re sed a: i age: Nehuatase “fi 483! 3 Oe yt sume cotne aut An ith ia . at odd Hines pe Piast re geet atari er Bika ahs $ me 5 ; ate Of dite ce ah "3 Peni OMAR | =) “Sapte te apatite oh: coneibat ac rhea! He BALSOES. - ae hoe OW ghilusre sures a Dr. rea eee apa es NU ITO da mle Oly Weep Ribexieusiutntt Bisa eth dh « rus ay oh shih’ Pete iy Got Sout iPaetige at Be date is Fe a Bil deh So. pod ca pe aii Lp Beehicsat OG Tise.- 6." a Lesage. Raat oR heen DGLbEE Bs ae - pew) : bait Del whe ee PioOses a GR Pasa ea oh . ate polagn Rape ae Mi: seit i? ye ea Plage a sae ula ai Pasa ae og Shilo Sa iniebns. vs fac eas ad ee xe eerie) abnie ern re bat nee BR * iis I oer an Wed Ay; ae Ps : Ogee af reas Srey, tides +t Pent: Ae Soe ¥ Ld es pasts ic y p ae ‘a Se oe oe Shei Bate eal a is ae i bare ri veey wih ae no eee al : ai vai oe Sco a Kak AER tthe 2d pepeeeh a in: aes ona ne > . hie ewe sem me rae ae Pennie ¥y : ‘ at nns3 Pandas ays it bye Sdyre: a sient sy! Ba Nis rh dal e hoes ag eae, ‘s ie sige’ REE MRD 3: nae ie Pm a « 4 PY ¢ r = wy SS eee NOTICE. *,* With this Number we send gratis to those who have paid for the preceding Nos., a copy of a work which we have recently neittert entitled “Glossary to the American Conchology,”’ explanatory of the terms made use of in the science of Conchology. A copy will also be presented to each subscriber aha shall transmit by mail, free of postage, his respective sum now due, with- in one month after having received this number. We hope at a future day to be able to present our subscribers with an “Introduction to the science of Conchology” with plates, on the same terms. Add to the synonyms of M. papuana, Lam.—Lister, pl. 1057. ee In the observations on Sigaretus perspectivus in No. 3, 1 remarked its striking similarity to Cryptostoma leachu, Blainy. On further comparison i find that it cannot be generically separated from that species, and the reader is therefore requested to alter the name to Cryptostoma per- spectiva N ahi ee also indicates the change of Siga- retus maculatus, N. to Cryptostoma maculata. We shall in our next number give the generic character of Cryptos- . toma, to be substituted for that of Sigaretus, which latter can be retained until we publish a species of that genus. In the 2d edition of the Régne Animal, Cuvier in a note to the genus Cryptostoma says, that a species was sent from Carolina by Mr. L’Hermenier. ‘This was doubtless one of the above, perhaps the perspectivus, N. and to which he gives the name of Cr. carolinum, Cuv., not be- ing aware that I had long since described it. Of Unio glebulus, N. Mr. Barabino has recently aent me some fine specimens from Bayou Teche, one of which is four inches and three tenths broad and two inches and four fifths long. A Venericardia was presented to me several years since by my brother, who obtained it on the coast of New-Jersey. I described it under the name of cribraria, but as the specimen is imperfect I did not publish an account of it. It is longitudinally ovate-orbicular, with twenty slightly elevated ribs, more distant from each other than their. width, decussated by concentric, almost equally elevated lines. Length one inch and about three twentiethe, and breadth one inch and one twentieth. Can this be a variety of the borealis of Conrad? Having but a single speci» men I cannot determine this questien. No. VI. Price 81.50, coloured. AMERICAN — CONCHOLOGY, oR DESCRIPTIONS OF THE ‘SHELLS OF NORTH AMERICA. SOLOURED FIGURES ORIGINAL DRAWINGS EXECUTED FROM NATURE: s : CONTENTS. ‘Oytheree albaria, S. ° : ‘ : “ Limneus catascopium, 8S. - - . P : Z ” decidiosus,S. = - “ “ : ~ : emarginatus,S. - - “ - Nasea acuta, S. - - " ot - unicincta, S. > . f . * vibex, 8S. : : . : ‘Ostrea equestris, S. . . - . ; ; ; Pecten dislocatus, S. - : ‘ : > d ” islandicus, Mull. - : Petricola. dactylus, Sow. ~ - . - vy pholadiformis, Lam. . i . s . Planorbis bicarinatus, S. : - “ > “4 ” — Ientus, S. 4 zs ‘i . 3 trivolvis, S. - : > ; Unio apiculatus, 8. ‘ ” nexus, S. - . ; : quadruius, Raf. - - ‘ ‘ : ‘ ” ”» ” NEW-HARMONY, INDIANA. PRINTED AT THRE M. PRESS, April, 1884. My ty Ke) u Oy ri vets NN patty ae Se pany ry ah Avert 4 SraM Ne WEL uve es y > op. ae e a (SS rr Was | 2 a Ane ” ion hea ft ye Poor alla a ; aoe : ‘a ie: " J Y al wif : ry A a a A re, j : . mn - A as ss _ ; 1 \ Va i 7 7 Ti | » mt ra le a a a iw 7 SAC Se u = ‘a a role ie i. 7 hie Dene, : ae ; Pai). ee Aas 4) ae : Dy r a | . ‘ - . a / _ dee aA) i ¥ bb ‘ Res % uf ui a : 2 ‘ oe ' a ety: , an ey 2 Aa). ‘h 7 4 7 al ry) ie a . ; . : 7 7 ; 1 7 ial ‘oO i. be “ay ’ a hp ay. yf 7 ee os ¥ <- ‘a - ‘oy i al ‘¢§ ys et eter - tan a a v6 a 7 he “Se ce lar ' 7 7. ; —-— a we i : a : 2) a » a) AY . Ler a 1 “ag e- ie as ang io \ aie ee Sak. Wh ae > : me - - we in yA om esucur clel ~) LASS Dit DN Sig ey A )y, INC VD Sarr eas ( CO INR ni (Gy ili st As Pera secant 0 MOP avvaasare saanstnesai Unio news S. Se [ .Lyon AY ; UNIO NEXUS. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely triangular-subrhomboidal, much in- flated, thick: beaks prominent: anéerior side much de- pressed, in its middle elevated so as to make an almost rec- tilinear hinge margin, witha broad, shallow groove, which extends from the beak to the anterior margin: anterior margin forming nearly aright angle with the base, ob- tusely emarginate in the middle by the termination of the groove: umbonial slope carinated, in consequence of the depression of the anterior side: dunule very short: poste- rior margin very short, rounded : colour light brownish, obsoletely radiated: within white: cardinal teeth direct : lateral tecth rectilinear, short, with but little obliquity : posterior accessory cicatrix obliquely elongated, slender : anterior accessory cicatrix coniluent. SYNONYMS. Unto nexus, Nob., Transylvania Journal, vol. 4, p. 527, 1831. U. arczxrormis, Zrans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. 4, N. §. 1832. Pl. 51. OBSERVATIONS. The shell which we have designated by the above name is closely related to triqueter Raf. ; but differs in the greater prominence of the superior portion of the anterior margin ; the shorter posterior margin and lunule ; the direct car- dinal teeth, and the little obliquity of the lateral ones. It was sent to me from Nashville by Dr. Troost. I may re- mark that some of the shells of Cumberland river vary much from their corresponding species of other streams, if I may judge by several specimens which I have seen from that river. In stating the generic character, the number of muscu- Jar impressions is said to be two, by which is understood, two principal ones, for'that there are many smaller ones is familiar to all those who have examined these shells. ‘Dr. J. G. Klees in his“ Dissertatio Inauguralis” (for which work Iam indebted to Dr. L. D. Schweinitz) says “ mus- culis duobus binis majoribus clausoribus accessoriis.” Fe- russac in his “Notice sur les Ethéries” says “ Presque toutes les muléttes et les Anodontes offrent quartre im- pressions séparées, et Yon n’a point encore distingué d’une maniére comparative celui des muscles d’attache que dans leur position variée acquiert une prédominance sur les autres, selon la forme de l’animale la grosseur ou la figure des valves.” ‘The four principal cicatrices of course exist in all the species of this family, but they are sometimes so approximated in pairs as to form but two or three separate impressions. ‘Ihe several smaller cicatrices in the cayity of the beaks indicate points of the attachment of small dorsal muscles, for the secure support of that part of the Pl. 51. a a bel Beeye Cues - a Ss - rapa = ; ideas 7 ie J ; ie “'} ee ee Te —s 7 eo inte cpricitle: ets a animal. The palleal impression is also very distinct.— These dorsal cicatrices were, no doubt, taken into account by Mery, Mem. Acad. Royale des Sc. for 1710, p. 409, who says that there are eight muscles attached to the in- ner surface of the shell. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.- Exterior, dorsal and interior views. Pl. 5]. UNIO APICULATUS. DESCRIPTION. Shell subquadrate, the diameters being subequal ; swm-- mits not very prominent: hinge margin declining, and with the anterior margin compressed and separated by an obtuse angle: anterior margin generally retuse: basal margin retuse before the middle: posterior margin round- ed: disk with a costa from the summit descending to the anterior basal angle, which is somewhat prominent and rounded ; behind the costa is a much dilated groove, not very deeply impressed ; the whole surface, without excep- tion, is studded with small, subequal eminences, which are more or less rounded or transverse and arranged more or less symmetrically in lines, which before the costa, curve towards the ligament and anterior margin, are angulated in the groove and on the middle and thence are arquated to~ Pl, 52. wards the posterior margin: wiihin pearly white, iridescent before: anterior accessory cicatrix confluent: posterior accessory cicatriz small, hardly distinct, rounded. SYNONYMS. U. apicuLatus, Nobis, “ Disseminaior,” 1829. U. asper, 4mer. Philos. Trans. 1832. OBSERVATIONS. I obtained a few single valves of this handsome species, from a large quantity, consisting of many wagon loads, of the Gnathodon truncatus, Lam. (Cyrena) at New-Orleans, during ashort sojourn in that city with Mr. Maclure in 18- 27. ‘This vast heap of dead and bleached shells, had been collected on the shore of Lake Ponchartrain, and conveyed by means of small vessels through the canal, for the pur- pose of covering part of the “levee” of that city, asa sub- stitute fora pavement. J have subsequently received se- veral good specimens from my friend Mr. Barabino. In general outline and form of the disc, it has a very close resemblance to U. quadrulus, Raf., but the surface is in every part ornamented with crouded, elevated, more or less rounded tubercles, not very different in point of size, andsymmetrically arranged in angulated and arqua- ted series. Notwithstanding these differential traits, | think it not improbable that when we shall become bet- ter acquainted with this Protean genus, the apiculatus, may be considered as a variety only of the quadrulus. Pl. 52. > a : Cae Oy Py, ear at ar 7 oT. : ae) Cas - alan ‘7 ah vedanta | 7 if GY, ~. @ ; » i Se ee ee a aide .¢ af ; “ah ih is fe "1 a” a ; ¥ 9. a phen z A Pe . a ‘ee “9 tee fe aie x : " 7 i es ay chl 7 ae Wo gquadrulus Rar, OE, REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Interior, exterior and dorsal views. Pl. 52. UNIO QUADRULUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell subquadrate, tuberculated, with a nodulous ridges aad dilated groove. SYNONYMS. U. quaprues, Raf, Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys. vol. 5. U. rucosus, Barnes, Silliman’s Journ, vol. 6, p. 126. Hildreth, Silliman’s Journ. vol. 14, p. 282. U. pacrymosus, 2 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. N. S. voh. U. ASPERRIMUS, 3 and 4. DESCRIPTION. Shell narrowed, compressed and thin before ; short, ob- tuse, rounded and wider behind ; beaks slightly elevated : ligament more elevated than the beaks: hinge margin compressed, carinate ; basal margin faleate, emarginate, and compressed : anfertor margin subangulate: anterior dorsal margin subtruncate, nearly straight: anterior ba- sal margin projecting: epidermis dark brown, under the P1538, epidermis pearly white: surface rough and scaly, wrink-- led transversely and waved longitudinally, having distinct irregular transversely compressed tubercles ; a broad no- dulus, elevated, somewhat double ridge extending from the beaks to the anterior basal edge, and projecting on that part ; a broad furrow or wave behind the ridge end- ing in the emarginate basal edge, and a furrow before separating the anterior hinge and anterior dorsal margin: cardinal teeth sulcated: lateral tooth striated, rough, and in the left valve somewhat double: posterior muscular impression deep and partly rough : cavity of the beaks an- gular, compressed and directed backward under the car- dinal tooth: naker pearly white, and on the fore part iri~ descent. OBSERVATIONS. The above is Barnes’ description of this strongly mark- ed, common species. It is an inhabitant of the Ohio and its tributaries, and approximates, by its varieties to some of the varieties of U. bullaius, Raf. Barnes compares it with the U. verrucosus, Raf, to which, however, it has but a remote affinity. 1 have received specimens from Dr. Hildreth of Marietta and Mr. Barabino of New-Or- leans. The impressions of the plate, with Barnes’ name of rugosus, were colored before I received the “Monograph of the Bivalve shells of the Ohio,” the faithful translation of which, Mr. Poulson presented to me. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The internal, external and dorsal views. * PIL. 53: 1. FPlanorbis lentis, S e. trivolvts, 5 3: * brearmatus, S b4 M"* Jay Del. Las} PLANORBIS. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell univalve, thin, fragile, discoidal or revolving in the same horizontal plane ; concave above and beneath, the spire, being impressed; aperture rounded-ovate, en- tire at base, the labia interrupted by the convexity of the penultimate volution; labrum simple ; operculum none. Animal depressed spiral sinistral; foot rounded, small ; tentacula two, long, slender, contractile; eyes at the in- ner base of the tentacula; mouth somewhat exertile, armed above witha lunate, simple tooth, and beneath with smal! cartilaginous hooks ; pulmonary orifice on the col- iar, near that of the vent ; genitals onthe same side, and separate, that of the male near the tentaculum, of the fe- male at the margin of the collar. OBSERVATIONS. Lister first separated these shells by placing them in a distinct section of the fluviatile kinds. In 1756 Guettard characterized the genus very accurately, both the animal and its shell, and applied to it the name by which it is now universally known. Adanson and Geoffroy afterwards adopted the genus, the former under the name of Goret. Although this natural genus appeared to be thus firmly es- tablished, our great master Linné subsequently placed the species in the genus Helix, without any distinction what- Pl, 54. ever; an arrangement however in which he was not fol- lowed by any of the distinguished naturalists who succeed- ed him. Lamarck in his earlier works, placed the genus near Ampularia, deceived perhaps by the equivocal characters of A. cornu arietes, which he supposed to be a Planorbis, but he afterwards referred the genus to its true place in the family of Pulmonea Aquatica, next to Limneus. Like all the species of this family the Planorbis never reside in deep water, but frequent the shores where they can resort to the surface to inhale the air. They inhabit fresh water and abound in various parts of the globe. The shell of Planorbis has the appearance of being si- nistral, and this character has been almost universally sta- ted in the generic definition ; several conchologists, how- ever, are now of the opinion that it is dextral, notwithstand- ing the sinistral form of the animal. Des Moulins in the “ Actes de la Soc. Linn. de Bordeaux,” says that “ the shell of the Planorbis is essentially dextral.” Deshayes in his account of this genus says that it is only necessary to exa- mine the greater number of the species and to compare them with the dextral Limneus and sinistral Physa, to be convinced, that in the normal position, the shell of Pla- norbis is truly dextral ; but that the animal is really sinis- tral; and he thinks we ought rather to admit that a sinis- tral animal has a dextral shell, than that the aperture is not in the normal direction, corresponding with that of all shells yet discovered ; and that there is an evident contra- diction between the animal and iis shell, as isalso exhibit- ed in the Haliotis and probably in Ancylus. PI. 54, The species are rather numerous and Deshayes describes eleven fossil species of the environs of Paris. [n the following descriptions the shells are considered as sinistral. Pl. 54. PLANORBIS LENTUS. DESCRIPTION. Shell dull brownish or yellowish brown, sub-carinate above, particularly in the young shell; whirls nearly five, striate across with five, raised, subequidistant lines, form- ing grooves between them ; spire concave ; aperture large, embracing a large portion of the penultimate volution ; labrum more acutely, but not very prominently arquated above, its basal portion horizontally subrectilinear in the adult and not extending below the level of the base. OBSERVATIONS. 1 obtained this species in the canal at New-Orleans and Tam indebted to Mr. Maclure and also to Mr. Barabino for many fine specimens collected in the vicinity of that city. I also found the same species at Ojo de Agua, Mex- ico, when travelling in that country with Mr. Maclure. It differs from the following species in having the labrum less prominent above, and the basal portion of this part being in the adult horizontally subrectilinear so as not to Pl. 54. touch a plane on which the base of the shell may rest ; the aperture also is more transverse. REFERENCE TO TNE PLATE, Fig. 1. Two views; natural size, Pl. 54. PLANORBIS TRIVOLVIS. DESCRIPTION. Shell yellowish white, brownish or chestnut color, sub- carinate above and beneath, particularly in the young shell; whirls four, striate across with five, raised, equi- distant, acute lines, forming grooves between them ; spire concave, rather deeply impressed ; aperture large, embra- cing a considerable portion of the penultimate volution ; within bluish white ; Jabrum a little thickened on the in- ner submargin, and more acutely and rather prominently arquated above ; its basal arquation extending below the level of the base ; animal dark ferruginous or dusky, with very numerous, confluent, pale-yellowish points, which also extend upon the tentacula. SYNONYMS. P. rrivonyis, 5., Amer. Ed. of Nicholson’s Encyc., Ar- ae ¥ aba = Cocunea, TRIUM orBriuM, Lister, Conch. pl. 140, f. 46. Periver, Gazophyl, pl. 106, f. 17. Pl. 54, OBSER VATIONS. This is an inhabitant of the middle and northern States and is very common in many districts. I have found it in Pennsylvania, Newjersey, Delaware, Maryland, Falls of Niagara, Upper Canada and in the vicinity of Council Bluff on the Missouri. Dr. Eights sent me specimens from Al- bany, New-York, and Mr. Jessup gave several from Cayu- galake. Lister gives two pretty good figures of this shell and quotes Virginia as the native locality. Muller, Gme- lin and Dillwyn, incorrectly refered to Lister’s figures as Helix albella, but the latter author in his edition of Lister agrees with us in considering them as representations of the present species. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 2. Two viewer; natural siza: Pl. 54. PLANORBIS BICARINATUS. DESCRIPTION. Shell yellowish-white or brownish, subearinate above and beneath ; whirls rather more than three, irregularly wrinkled across and with minute revolving lines; spire profoundly impressed, obconic ; aperlure large, embracing a considerable portion of the preceding volution ; labrum Pl, 54. prominently and almost acutely vaulted above ; its basal portion not extending below the level of the base; some- times expanded ; animal ferruginous, with numerous yel- lowish dots ; tentacula dotted and flexuous. SYNONYMS. P. picanrratus, 8., Amer. Ed. af Nicholson’s Encyel., Article Conchology, p\. 1, fig. 4. Hewix ancu.atus, Racket, Linn. Trans. vol. 13, p. 42, pl. 5, fig. 1. P. picarinatus, Sowerby’s Genera. OBSERVATIONS. It has some resemblance to the trivolvis, but differs in the remarkably umbilicated form of the spire; it 1s also irregularly wrinkled, and is furnished with minute stria, never visible in that species; the superior portion of the Jabrum is more prominently vaulted, and the carine are more conspicuous. It is an inhabitant of the same exten- sive region as the trivolvis, and was obtained from Lake Huron by Mr. Racket, whose name had been previously applied in this genus by Brard. in the Ann. du Museum. vol. 14. It is remarkable that Sowerby has represented this spe- cies under the name of bicarinatus, apparently without be- ing aware that I had previously described it under the same name. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 3, Two views: natural size. Pl. 54. , ie “so ry | . lt os re. , " “Ay Dali. _ 7. Avg md os mo tee roe) a ” @ o = i _- : >i Os 7 Limneus emarginalus. S. 2. __ gatasconium, S, S: - L212 _idegignasits, iS; Me Say cll. 5S Te Tessprv See LIMNEUS EMARGINATUS. DESCRIPTION. Shell subovate, somewhat thin, translucent, ventricose : volutions nearly four, convex: sudure deeply impressed : spire somewhat prominent, eroded: aperture two thirds of the length of the shell: codwmella with the fold very deep. SYNONYM. L. emarainatos, S. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. 2, p. 170. OBSERVATIONS. This is a somewhat larger, and considerably more ven- tricose species than L. catascopium, S., and the undula- tion of the columella is much more profound. In gene- ral obesity it has a resemblance to L. inflatus, Brong. It was first sent to me by Mr. Aaron Stone from the lakes of Maine. Dr. Bigsby presented me with a specimen which he obtained in Upper Canada, and I have recently received several from Mr. Titian Peale, also found in Maine, one of which is double the size of the figure repre- sented in our plate. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 1, Back and front views; natural size. Pl. 55. LIMNEUS CATASCOPIUM. DESCRIPTION. Shell oblong-ovate, moderately thin, brownish horn co- lour: «whirls four or five, wrinkled across, convex, de- creasing to an acute apex; seéure well impressed: aper- fure not much dilated, suboval: columella with the fold not remarkably profound. SYNONYM. L. carascortum, S., mer. Ed. of Nicholson's Encycl. Article Conchology. OBSERVATIONS. This species is abundant in the river Delaware ; it isal- so an inhabitant of the Schuylkill, and specimens were sent me from Albany on the Hudson by Dr. Eights. Its European analogue is the L. peregrum, L., from which it may be distinguished by a deeper fold of the co- Jumella and a more acute curvature of the inferior portion of the aperture. The animal is dull yellowish, sprinkled with small, often confluent, paler dots. It may be found abundantly during the recess of the tide, about the smaller streams through which the marshy grounds are drained. in company with several other shells. Like other species: both of the present and other allied genera, it not only glides upon the surface of solid bodies, but proceeds along the surface of the water, the shell downward, with regular- PI. 55. ity of motion and apparent ease. In this case the revert- ed foot of the animal is concave, and the surface of the wa- ter within its circumference is compelled to a correspond- ing figure. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 2, back and front views ; natural size. Pl, 55. LIMNEUS DECIDIOSUS. DESCRIPTION. Shell oblong-subconic, acute : volutions five, convex, the fourth and fifth small, the second rather large : suture well impressed: aperture about equal to the length of the spire : columella with the fold not deeply impressed : wmbilicus obvious, but very narrow. SYNONYM. I. pecipiosus, S., Journ. Acad. Nat. S. yol. 2, p. 169. OBSERVATIONS, Several specimens were presented to me by Mr. Au- gustus Jessup who obtained them in Cayuga lake, New- York and my brother B. Say subsequently ascertained it Pl, 55. to be an inhabitant of Pennsylvania : found also near New- Harmony by Lesueur. It resembles L. elodes.S., but is somewhat smaller, the whorls more convex, one less in number and the fold of the columella is less deeply im- pressed. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Mig. d, Back aad front views: naturak size. PL 65. i : ay . wa J am Ay P 7 : 7) 1a A 6 a " i 7 q « y De i oll ba 7 ' - : c ‘ ? a : ; J 1 = a ~ - at Le ne ia o by - ¥J i= vo 4 x 14 4 4 «¢ acl a | us iy ; a! _ y "7 ry: - iy ay. — | ae ~~ an eg _ , : 7 a y ( is J | iT 7 a) S \ : ee +. i an we ow ~~ = 7 1 es iy De cm ‘eo < Ar eee 2 te . 7 “ _ See ae oi le ai a. 9 a Dp (ve 7 r = nn _. 4 4 : 7 a 7. : i a 7 7 7 — Lal , ’ ; 4 ye : 7 wa | H ny ou | 7 - _ os : a) 7 a 4 p Mi a « 4 7 ios, eS. wee sh a 7 17m ¢ ~ ¥'e tan ae sy. er er f . : - < _ i ed am Sie: ly J, Ae “sy af -_ We ~ F. J Lee Pa iv) AN a ou we 4 i ; mar. a : un A > a. Or ‘We bi) eo a, ; iy? De ed Th ‘ee sill " wt » Birdesy, 7 ye id |: im wk eee he re hg ON ah ae er - eats v , - ad - 1 ae wey ra a 7 7 o ria, war > 7 Pa, ' os . > * ; z 4 ¥ a? wey =! . - ; 7 ‘ an es . in a ee 7 a ae - ! ; : - s',” ¢ eh ery ee : We) ‘at = ive -_ on a : » 1 i“ Po ‘ ee ve _ - = : : ’ 7 @ an pi Ws oe - / ae ’ - oe ae ye ay a wi Vee a % a iAP o A 4 _-> i= er Prag 3 ‘BD pe! Pe —_ a - a 7 - : nd _- - a aa a re 4 . rf : a ; i 7 a : oa 1 ' : voi : a | . ee a - : i 7, 7 ae ‘ _ + : "y : 7. 7 a ne ” 1 Be! _ 7 - -_ : _ 7 i » 7 = On 7 ae fr * D's. a 7 7 Se 7 : 7, 8 ie ; aoe |! §,* oa et _ 7 7 ’ j 7 ré wy ra Th sie | G a ee de a 7 . ! ¢ no 4 i, ue. .) ee : a we Ul 7 a ) 7 Vie) ,. a a 3 i oi _ 1 ey |) 7 . - ; Pay _. 7 — i? — 4 Sa ind es : -, a ; ¢ - , oo We ad te al aN ae : mar Weed , ») 8 a, I a : _ * é nN Pista h cer P ag i ; met oe 7 rs Oe @ oe La } i “es 54 iO . : y - ' ? | “re : > ity (os ay @ : : Pee. me a : ; 7 y 7 oe Vy J .- ne Vee 44> me 4 «© 'e : : Pi Re aon 0 th ay : a ae ; _ - ‘ _ > md - 1g6 Le _ =. = | ae j ‘07 > a : > VA oP soe a a . == oo ‘ ~~ hal - Dison Py 2 a! eS A - : 7 : > a w a ae s i ay ; 7 ‘ a a ae ee Le %. “g Pipes, ie (OP oP, Rada)” ee) “ap, a 4 ; mS >> : ys ae! ¥ on > v6 = 7 ia i a 7 j - - i. 45 - ae at ia _— - q =) re z Pa - ‘ : i a _ 7 - = ) ro Gay - 7) : 7 7 : oe «| 7 q F a, yr un ~ a eh al ae , : : ye 7 a f 7 . Yue - y vs - Di ae 7 a. 5 a a Lae ‘| = : 7 a : a m n : = —_ reat oe if 4 OF «a + ai ee -_ 7 7 _ - ww ind - : 4 ~ fy aa! ; a Ap on a4. 7 . - ae es ak 5 « ea ‘4 ; ar a | n° | 7 ul ’ 7 ‘ar cunt tom) ge : 7 a . 7 Dp i 7 -. See 2° 2 hae é oe. 48 a q Loe ete Ey; das » Vv ain © / - yi ete ~ Fy a T 7 re aig 7 Pee . a - y 4 > vor 7 > 7) : _ ae *% ~ @ i q ’ oh as a, 7 : | 7 a i " f al ’ Pe 7 > if ht _— . a oe 7 - $ 7 : , - 7 7 : , . : 7 74 : 9 ~ ¥ 7 eX a r i : J > - 1 D 7 rv 7 io 7 : - - a i man & | os > Fae - > f SS er ee ae (a a 1 a | ¥ > , i 7 © " ae i _ in al vo - > - - Se ©. » Aen 7 - ve a . ) Gee : + ee « i : Di Vi >) aoy 7 e.' “s els ve 7 _ a i) = - ° 7 ” : » Cv : . 2 7 - . : yy" P - ’ ¢ - s : a] J - : 7 . oA a a 7 ‘se va te y | , or : ' 7 7 . . . a Te Ps : an - aa —— 7 7 ] =e a % : - a Ww ‘ aes 1c 7 : - i ¥ we “) a ne : a: : a.) , _ > ; 7 “4 iw - = Ny y oS 7 - - . 7 " : 7 : per ‘. Sa | oe a 7 _ ee 7 ar , 7 : ) _ 7 - 7s ’ ie s q an ‘a y+ ali s ¢ a vy - : ’ 7 oy »* 4 SA a pe a ‘ Pe i Des , we > oars & _- : i Me : _ 7 id “ae Pas _ gee ; = 1. Feclen pslancreus Mul), EP, asbwealis, S. : 2 PECTEN. GENERIC CHARACTER, Shell free, bivalve, inequivalve, thin, auriculated, equila- feral; hinge margin transverse, rectilinear, connected throughout by a ligament, the cartilage being interior, fix- ed in a triangular fosset of each valve under the apex; apices contiguous, not elevated ; muscular impression large, subcentral ; palleal impression without sinus: ani- mal suborbicular ; foot very small, sometimes with a bys- sus ; mantle fringed with tentacular papilla, of which the series is interrupted somewhat regularly by shorter cylin- drical processes terminating in oculiform disks; mouth large, transverse, surrounded with fringed lobes, and with a thin lamellated palp on each side ; anus free; branchiz large. OBSERVATIONS, The numerous species of shells which form this very beautiful and natural genus, inhabit, almost universally the margins of the marine portion of the globe, from the torrid zone to the inhospitable shores of the Polar seas. Attracted by the regularity of their furm and the beauty of their colouring the ancients distinguished them as a group from all other shells. Aristotle and Pliny indica- {ed several species, and compared them to a comb or pec- ten from the similitude of their ornamental rib-formed Pl. 56, vali. Distinguished artists have judged them worthy of representation on their canvas, and the voluptuous form ef Venus is seen supported on the waves by the valve of a pecten. A beautiful species which inhabits a portion of the Pacific is deified by the natives of some of the islands in that ccean. In catholic countries they are commonly called Saint James’ shells, and the pilgrims who visited the shrine of St. James of Compostella, in Spain, were careful to attach one or more to their dress, collected on the neigh- bouring shore, where they abound. It is not a little surprising that although all the earlier writers separated these shells from others asa natural group, yet our great master Linné placed them in his ge- nus Ostrea, notwithstanding the striking difference in the structure of their animals, already indicated by Lister and others. Bruguiére corrected this error and restored them to the just rank of a separate genus, now universally ac- knowledged. The family of Pectinides to which it be- longs is composed of the genera Lima, Plagiostoma, Pe- dum, Pecien, Hinnite, Plicatula, Spondylus and Podop- sis. The latter is so nearly related te Spondylus, and Pla- giostoma so closely resembles Lima that it has been pro- posed to suppress them both, which would leave but six genera. Sowerby insists that Hinnite cannot be a separate genus, but must be reunited to pecten. Of these the three first only are symmetrical, and furnished with a byssus. The apices of Lima are distant and the auricles are simi- lar in both valves. ‘The ligament in Pedum is inserted in a canaliform fosset on the inner face of the summits, pro- longed into the interior. Pl. 56. The ears of Pecten are equal in some species and une: qual in others, but generally on one of the valves one of the ears is deeply emarginated beneath, to admit the pas- sage of the byssus, by which the animal attaches itself to foreign bodies, as represented by Reaumur in Mem. Acad. Royale des Sc., 1711, pl. 2, fig. 12. Some species have a small divergent tooth on each side of the cardinal fosset in one valye, and corresponding depressions in the opposite valve. In many species are several very small tubercles or teeth, at the base of the emarginated ear extending from near the apex toa point beyond the ear. Many of the Mollusca are fixed during life to one spot, others glide along with aslow and regular snail-like move- ment; but locomotion in this genus is rapid, and by a suc- cession of springs or leaps. Analternate motion of cpen- ing and quickly and forceably closing the valves, enables them to rise to the surface, and they sometimes make small leaps above it in ricochet. When left upon the beach by the recession of the tide, they regain the water by the same action. Mr. Lesson immersed a basket of Pectens inthe water of the sea, within about six inches of its rim. The individuals, he says, which formed the superior lay- er, constrained in their movements by those that were be- neath, after many fruitless efforts, succeeded in leaping from their prison. No sooner did they fall upon the wa- ter, than by striking their valves rapidly together, they ran or rather skipped a few seconds upon the surface and then sunk to the bottom. In this way all the contents of the basket disappeared within fifteen minutes. Smellie repeats from Pliny that “ when the sea is calm, troops, or little fleets of Scallops. are often observed swimming cn PL. 56, the surface. They raise one valve of their shell above the surface, which becomes a kind of sail, while the other re- mains under the water, and answers the purpose of an an- chor, by steadying the animal and preventing its being overset. When an enemy approaches, they instantly shut their shells, plunge to the bottom, and the whole fleet dis- appears!” We have not learned that this remarkable flo- tilla has been observed since the time of Pliny. Many of the species are esteemed as food and are expos- ed for sale in the markets. ‘They are commonly known by the name of Scallop, and the English collectors cal! them Fans in allusion to their form. D’Herbigny says that in Italy they are called cape sanée, in Holland man- tels; in Languedoc coquilles large, in Brittany and Low- er Normandy, Kofiches. Deshayes enumerates two hun- dred species, more of which are fossil than living. Pl. 56. PECTEN ISLANDICUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell suborbicular, with numerous rays ; orange or ru- fous, with darker concentric bands. SYNONYMS. OsTrEA IsLANnpica, Muller, Chemn. and Mart. Conch. vol. 7, p. 314,and 318, pl. 65, fig. 615 and 616. Gmel. Lam. an. sans vert, p. 474. Desh. Encycl. Meth. p. 724, pl. 212, fig. 1. OSTREA CINNABARINA, Born. Mus. p. 103. Dilhe. Ca- tal. p. 256. PEcTEN PEALEW, Conrad. Marine Conch. p. 12, pl. 2,f. 2. Lister Conch. pl. 1057, fig. 4. (The ears are represent- ed as being equal.) Seba Mus. pl. 87, fig. 7. Olaffsen, Voyage, pl. 10, fig. 1, (Huitre.) DESCRIPTION. Shell with very numerous, elevated, somewhat scaly ra- diating lines, alternately smaller, increasing in number ac- cording to the growth of the shell to upwards of an hun- dred; intervals reticulated; ears unequal, beneath the emarginated one are five or six little teeth ; vadvcs not ve- ry unequal, of a reddish or orange colour, with many con- centric darker bands and about three scr radii; on the flatter valve the colours are much pale: ; edge jagged with the produced elevated lines ; within ithe convex valve isa Pl. 56, arge purplish spct, sometimes cecupying a considerable portion of the surface. OBSERVATIONS. Several fine specimens were sent to me a few years since by Dr. Harris, who obtained them from Dr. Bass of Boston ; they were taken by fishermen in Chaleur’s bay, New-Brunswick. Dr. Storer has not yet found it near Boston. Mr. 'T. Peale presented a specimen, which he found on the coast of Maine. According to Dillwyn it has been found on the coast of Scotland, and Banks procured one from the stomach of a cod fish cn the banks of Newfound- land. ‘The late Mr. S. Coates of Philadelphia had an in- individual in his collection, which was drawn up on the lead by Capt. Coffin, in fifty-two fathoms water, on the eastern edge of the banks of Newfoundland in latitude 45 deg. 40 min. Linné obtained it at West Gothland, and Olaffsen in Iceland. It varies much in depth of colouring and one in my col- lection has the convex valve dark purplish both within and without, destitute of bands, and the opposite valve is tinted with purplish within on the upper half. Mr. Peale’s specimen is more of an uniform dull orange both within and without, and with but little appearance of bands. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 1, Exterior and a portion of the interior views. la. A small portion of the exterior surface magnified. Pl 56. PECTEN DISLOCATUS. DESCRIPTION. Shell suborbicular, with twenty or twenty-two elevated rounded ribs and very numerous concentric wrinkles, which are transversely rectilinear between the ribs and equidistant ; longitudinal striz none; whitish tinged with yellow or reddish, with a few narrow, transverse, inter- rupted and disiocated sanguineous undulated bands; auri- cles equal. SYNONYM. P. pistocatus, S. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. 2, p. 260. Encyc. Meth. pl. 213, fig. 3. OBSERVATIONS, The specimen represented in the annexed plate I obtain- ed on the coast of South Carolina, where it is rare. Ido not know that the figure referred to above has been quoted by any author excepting Dillwyn under the P. opercula- ris, L. Mr. Conrad considers the dislocatus as identical with the purpuratus, Lam. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 2, Exterior of a valve. 2a. A small portion of the exterior surface magnified: P). 56. ays pita Spal 4. i Stee 4 A “ler 4 J H ? on . : 7 - { 7 : ee a rd. urisiucr 4 vy ee Cha ot wh ~~ a co bie a iden ahi" eit ie 3 o re ‘ elytra ol os babi tale vit yale os ve by see | - +0) a . le 7 pa 4 ie h a i i 7 ae a v4) a my wv ei, rh om | a ten ' 7 A per tinee fh 7% _ A tt lai : ere © ad ry o 2 : : e . » 7 Son (¢ > i | Aa e. 7) nk i a D- ‘to = ah Ae “SG Pens bet eae , ay * i pi tO as ae cari +L) arn 1 att al, ma) ie : 7 7 iS > <*3e J ; B. ie an Des 7 . a : on) fyi : 7 vs an wa A} par, see a fe ' i 7 Oe iio ene ar Pies ; Si ay 1A a an! ay 7 . +h 7 “a2 *e © ear, ds "eh aie Aha: te ae an Sah ce ei! ee nee AZ 7 a vn } Pa 7 pi ve 52 aun A a io iam . wi a i r is _ Bats ay cng mre , re ee 4. Jy Sih bie 4. a ar - Sag aay es ee ey BA 7 4A 8 n ty i ¥ —* : ny ; an ; eC 7 oh im Hl 7 i 71 A 7 ! “a A> ot isi Le | i feo ah Wat ys vo © va a > a ect. . San aeneee 1 aii eh River a? es) a io ie i 1) Seo ry . ” : : 7 a ra 7 cy eeren eube. ae ro ate \ yN i 7 mT 7 i ony - , ' Lie en, ~ re, pent _ 7 ‘a = a a " i \ hoon. i ria af : Bd: ; - sea a Pa er sesh | ee" > vai jihad ara rt ” - a ‘a ‘. 7 ' - a Bt ened er nereaee) a oe ia : zt iwi ¥ ae Ae Vt a A ite a ’ hae eh Augie’ i) gel? i’ ia , ba; pt Le abs ay alia arises emul gemma) u oF) i) i ¥" sh shins: alt Dt: a sab meth acest a4 wat ae ne | : r Pie Bak Ab Dy sa a eo , Basis. ig eea4z Fae ae 5 oF , Sona tee “9 mh a? ai wy oe ea oe 4 oe Sey . | ouas ay Maine ae : oy) ree 7" Sida teaieke yh ¥ eid Rantala Ni he y. vine "ay Ae : ; fe inl el ; fact e : ae | et wa . a ae at - 7 ie 1 i 7 7 ay a P - f - a =: , a 7* re res : ry tava wn. “Ap, 4) 7 oe x oe} 5 J]. Nassa unietrneta. S 2 ; wt hex. S ener Ry acula.S i ay Del ae NASSA. GENERIC CHARACTER, Shell univalve, subovate, ventricose, or subturreted, acute ; aperture suborbicular, emarginated and reflected at base; dabium witha more or less dilated callosity or calea- reous deposite ; labrum striated or sulcated within ; oper- culum horny; animal depressed; tentacula two, conic- cylindric, inflated at the eyes; eyes near the exterior mid- dle of the tentacula; proboscis very short or obsolete ; mantle folded into a distinct tube before; orifice of the oviduct situated on the right at the opening of the bran- chial cavity ; branchize pectiniform, unequal, nearly paral- lel; male organ on the right side of the neck; anus on the right; foot large, prominent and angular before, at- tenuated behind. OBSERVATIONS. Deshayes informs us that Klein first used this generic term for some shells of a reticulated surface, having a fan- cied resemblance to the “ Nasse @’osier” or willow net of fishermen. Lamark, however, first separated the present genus from the Linnean Buecinum, but has subsequently reunited it as a subgenus. In this arrangement many dis- tinguished authors coincide, as Cuvier, Biainville, Ferus- sac (in his Tabl. Syst.) and Deshayes. Sowerby and some other naturalists still separate it asa distinct genus neaily P). 57. elated to Cassis: Montfort carries the division still fur- ther, and divides the Nassx into Phos, Alectrion and Cy- clops, and Schumacher has also-separated from it a few species, under the name of Nana, neither of which have been admitted by the best authorities; and it is not im- probable that Nassa itself may be ultimately admitted uni- versally as only a subgenus of Buccinum. The species are numerous and are both recent and fossil. They feed on animal food and they sometimes devour the animal of some bivalve shells such as Tellina alternata, S. and one of the valves of this species often exhibits a neatly formed, round perforation, near the umbo, bored bya Nassa. ‘These shells are sometimes smooth, but more generally with impressed striz or grooves ; others are re- ticulated so as to appear granulated or tuberculated. A remarkable, depressed and even transverse species, the neritea, L. of which Montfort formed his genus Cyclops, differs so much in appearance from the usual form, that Gmelin considered it a variety of vestiarius, L. the type of the genus Rotella, and 1 observed it in a cabinet, arrang- ed with species of that genus, from which it is in reality so widely distinct. NASSA UNICINCTA. DESCRIPTION. Shell yellowish-white, or cinereous, subovate-conic ; whirls with numerous revolving lines and transverse un- Ph Be: dulations, the former eleven or twelve in number, with often a smaller one in the intervening spaces ; undulations about ten on the body whirl, placed at the distance of their own diameters apart, and somewhat closer on the spire; whirls eight ; apex acute ; body whirl with a brown, narrow band, sometimes obsolete, interrupted by the undulations and consisting of about two spots in each of the intervening spaces ; /abrum within with ten paral- lel striza, which revolve on the inner surface of the shell ; labium in the middle concave, with about two obsolete striz, and a more profound one at base. SYNONYM. N. unicincra, S. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. 5, p. 211. OBSERVATIONS. I am indebted to the late Mr. Stephen Elliott for this species, who found it on the coast of South Carolina. In the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia is a shell from the Antilles, resembling this, and although the strie of the labrum are double in the former, yet it is probable that the two shells will be found to constitute one species, when more specimens shall be examined and compared. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 1, Front of the shell. la. Magnified detail of s portion of the body whirl. PY, 57. NASSA VIBEX. DESCRIPTION. Shell cancellate, ventricose, cinereous or whitish with pale reddish brown narrow bands; with two or three broad sometimes obsolete darker fascia within ; body whiré with twelve thick, prominent longitudinal coste, and about as many revolving filiform lines, which are not much elevated, and but simply crenate the coste and la- brum ; /abrum thickened both externally and internally, with about four or five teeth within ; dabiwm very concave, callous, with an impressed line at base ; spire short, rapid- ly attenuated to an acute tip. SYNONYM. N. visex, S. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. 2, p. 231. OBSERVATIONS. I obtained a few specimens on our southern coast, and my brother brought me one from the coast of Newjersey. I have since received a very perfect individual from the Academy of Natural Sciences, and several specimens from Dr. Ravenel of Charleston, a gentleman who has devoted much attention to the shells of that region and to whom I am indebted for numerous interesting species. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 2, Front view of the shell. Pi. 57. NASSA ACUTA. DESCRIPTION. Shell conic-acute, whitish, cancellated so as to appear granulated ; granules prominent, somewhat transverse, the longitudinal grooves a little more profound than the spiral ones which are about six in number ; spire longer than the body whirl, slender towards the tip, acute ; sufwre impress- ed, but not profoundly ; beak distinguished by a depression from the body whirl, and slightly reflected ; /abrum thick- ened within and without and with elevated lines within, which do not attain to the edge. SYNONYM. N. acuta, S. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. 2, p. 234. OBSERVATIONS. This species occurs not unfrequently on our southern coasts. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Fig. 3, Front view. Pie of. tn atone ee : wrvbiing teutbnbiannal” g 3 it Hid ain bs iain» ote inlet ‘f fo. . vey ih (ves gi NU ior ree ney lt A i 4 mae ihe bil angels OL dal lohihaga his ia | W i one | ut i 1 i 7 “bina pba! waa ef that a a Al, Fein o OF a je { ~ ot a NF a! | hah wt y bb bins He ” “4 i ia iva Fenty a - ; ac ri ~~ i. 7 ; Pe fy ue me tae Pee aah add i RG ‘Mad YO wake ie Pe | ; yan : - 7 ae = a 7 La at Ae f e i a 7 —_ q oe ih =r : hy 7 : ee th ef fests - i vA ea ) ae rt Y ae a ee ara of in Ua Vi UL a, « ag ali ie 7 ie fin > Don My 2 nl ah ROE a 7 Mi 7¥ Leap D ye ‘iy Wea, Cae ee ys 4 ; 5) 4] ¥ : eh as oe a ‘ea aah sia , a ’ i Rec ae _ a Pe hee (Oe on Bf om Ne ie (2eadiend mM 7 ye : ; ’ nahn 4 esas - ih 1 a 4 ay « i ie 7 ee ; , oy a 7 P * a a : baa rr i ae 7 aa "4 - 7 » a Senet Se recreaily & - _ an vy : r ’ : pF 7, a a ou ale 7 a ¢ 4 “o' «@ Ny rr he a 1 n ¥ : : 7 | a. ie ‘eu caliper: MEN yon HE wie ii ® ltt : a es hak ap a oo A : 7: i. : vp? De’ i. = 7 7 7 : Fi *% ean 7 gk FO br pine be a ‘h f J “~~. it A. 7 Do, mien Fi) iy Pir" F nit od Wi inh tys ey ba é st ‘es : Ce WA b bp , La ; i” i : i " a am | a 7.) ” 4 és a io 7. : 7 beh Pifel ‘i in PY, _ % . wa 7 Nay a : ne Pei iu ae Orgy el ty a rd 7 he é “We m a ’ a ey C ( Say Del Oslree eg ue slr = ee? i Welker zc OSTREA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell bivalve, attached, foliaceous, inzquivalve, irregu- lar; apices becoming very unequal by aze, the position of the superior valve being gradually changed with respect to the lower valve produces a corresponding elongation of the inferior apex ; superior valve depressed ; inferior valve larger, concave ; hinge without teeth, tripartite, the mid- dle portion in the inferior valve being a longitudinal groove for the reception of the cartilage, corresponding with a convexity of the upper valve ; ligament attached fo the Ja- teral portions; muscular impression cne, large, subcen- tral. Animal depressed, margins of the mantle thick, not ad- herent, retractile, with a double range of short and numer- ous tentacular filaments ; labial palpi long triangular ; foot none ; muscle bipartite. sebcentral, no prominent syphen and no byssus. OBSERVATIONS. Oysiers are familiar to the knowledge of all those who reside in maratime districts, in almost every part of the globe. Under arugged and irregular exterior is included an animal which supplies the most delicate food,and which has accordingly been eagerly sought for in all ages, as one of the chief luxuries of the table. Although the consump- P}. 53. tion of them has been immense from the time of the Ro- mans to the present day, yet such is the rapidity of their increase, that their abundance does not appear to be limit- ed. It is believed that the Romans first devised the pre- sent method of improving their good qualities, by trans- porting them when young to favorable situations, where there is an admixture of fresh water. The shells were used by the Athenians in the performance of their right of suffrage, during the earlier pericds of their government, and the sentence of condemnation or acquital of the ar- raigned, was marked upon a shell; whence the word os- tracism had its origin. ‘he oysters of England are held in higher estimation than those of Germany, France or Italy. Weare inform- ed that a foreign embassador at the Hague gave a sumptu- ous entertainment, during which oysters were introduced, that were supposed by their color to be from England. But all who ate of them were immediately seized with violent and continued vomiting. On enquiry it was as- certained that the oysterman had tinted the common oys- ter with verdegris, to obtain a high price for them as En- glish oysters. It is related of Apicius that he had a methed of preserv- ing oysters fora long time and that he sent them from Ite- ly to the Emperor ‘Trajan in Persia, as fresh as the day they were taken from the water. There is doubtless some exaggeration in this, and it is probable that his methed may not have been preferable to that of our oystermen, who transport the animal in kegs to great distances. Al- drovandus and others of the earlier writers, entertained a’ singular and erroneous notion relative to the crab and the P}. 58. Oyster. They state that the crab, in order to obtain the animal of the oyster without danger to their own claws, watch their opportunity when the shell is open, to ad- vance without noise and cast a pebble between their shells; to prevent their closing, and then extract the animal in safety. “ What craft!” exclaims the author “in animals that are destitute of reason and voice.” We scarcely need to add, that the craft existed only in the imagination of a person who may have seen a crab feeding on an oyster that had fortuitously closed on a pebble. In the acceptation of Linné the genus Ostrea included numerous species of various types of organization and ex- terior character,although Lister had already circumscribed the boundaries with correctness. From Linné’s genus, Bruguiére separated Pecten, Perna and Pedum, which are provided with a byssus. Lamarck conducted the analysis still further and formed the genera Gryphea, Li- ma and Malieus. Of these the two latter are attached by a byssus. Lamark gives the following characters to his family of Ostracea: “ Ligament interior or half inte- rior. Shell irregular, foliaceous, sometimes papyraceous.” [It comprehends his genera Gryphea, Ostrea, Vulsella, Placunaand Anomia. ‘The two latter have the ligament interior, and Vulsella which is closely allied, is imbeded in sponges, and has a cardinal callosity in each valve, extend- ing somewhat in{o the interior. Gryphea is now by most authors considered as a group of the present genus, distin- guished from the others only by the curved umbo, and I may remark that I possess an individual of O. virginica, which has the incurved apex of Grypheza. Pl. AS, ‘In the generic character we haye mentioned but one muscular impression. There is however at least one other, which is very small and situated near the hinge, for the support of the back of the animal. OSTREA EQUESTRIS. DESCRIPTION. Shell small, with transverse wrinkles, and more or less. deeply and angularly folded longitudinally ; ovate-trian- gular, tinted with violaceous; lateral margins near the hinge with from six to twelve denticulations of the supe- rior valve received into corresponding cavities of the infe- rior valve ; superior valve depressed but slightly folded ; inferior valve convex, attached by a portion of its surface, the margins elevated, folds unequal, much more profound than those of the superior valve ; hinge very narrow, and curved laterally and abruptly. OBSERVATIONS. ‘This small species is remarkable for the very abrupt la- teral curvature of the beak, the continued line of which may be traced in favorable specimens on the exterior and inferior part of the umbo. I obtained several specimens on the coast of Florida, at- tached to various objects, and Dr. Ravenel of Charleston P1. 58 sent me the individual represented in the upper part of the plate. It is seated on a Conopea elongata, S. which is at- tached toa branch of our common Gorgonia. He obtain- it at Sullivan’s island. The tendency towards the de- pressed spiral form in this shell, evinced by the great obli- quity of the cardinal portion, which hardly protrudes be- yond the margin, would arrange it with the genus Gry- phea in the estimation of some authors ; a group, however, which we consider as a mere subdivision of the present genus. On the lower part of the plate is represented one of many specimens which I obtained in Florida attached to various objects. Itseems to be closely related to a fos- sil of Virginia, to which Mr. Conrad has given the name of O. solea, but as my specimen of that shell is insperfect and I have not his description, 1 cannot determine the de- gree of affinity ; it may possibly be a variety of that spe- cies. I have also a specimen from the Antilles, and another that is reversed. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. The two upper figures; natural size. Middle figures, interior of the two valves, magnified. Lower figure, a large specimen, exterior view. Pl. 58. Te Ere ‘ i 7 Oe F y ih, Cie, ae ae ae ee ¥ : . be a SHAE Beate oi asd Pare _ 4 ay nah a et Hats i ae bic Aa att ys tae ‘< a es ee Bi ui 2 Le — 4 2° ye" ; Pha al bi i aa a ma ip ipod ay t Lisl ie. a) rs oblily ‘ i} . i. b fh e y 7 i 1 em wii ail Pw ae a wt oe! 7. 7 e a. eae Bec ye iis) hy by Fh ote oh wt i Py ha ae wh Rawal? i : oF oe an ny a. 7 on Fan [ey oe a rats a bay arias grea iy oT “ hn bik Tag ti tid: byl) Aw Sgt o ” - Par - A ag Pe fs, : Bau sie 4 Aes we Va a a 7 vt Me) 8 Hy ae is At anit eae \ Toad dhe y tnd baie ta a gn rf as - * rary an ae ae f he i? a Re ar - 4 = f oi ieee a Rs rT rae | | nik rTT et: a nirteing » > os rive tle He “, ae Een, % t Row i" sR WaS ¢ ; hal he 7 mn Ory es ‘a, ey" 4 : ai nett Nalicats ‘. ‘caro el, “Ae Mgt ate yi ata Ph PEC Ose ah 2) ae oo) _- nee Ri eae a0: 7 Ys ty. wivbiy net mbTdy ia 4 chivt ri 1 m boli jek i ies: ‘4 i ii a a : oe Pest ite b Sh ps wal i aky al Ye wi} Wer i i ie Pith, vd Poy a bs bith; my a cH be lives into Biak pala ee (Le Cea, Me a ye Meo os | ea mM om a (ole ania wf hatte. oe fy bad ne 3 a, i igh the Aimndae kh Mine Re me i it wo ining Aish wd wrmean ‘ m *. , Aaa sofa Ogee 7. , a7 7 yy : im al ® win 1D naan 1. tH Hid evel be be a. : Ss f pe , i mal i ier 4 i | 35 <3 Es 7 ih a re : a a a i as fa z : = fst a: mi, 7 ala 7 icie jb aa. i fe eae Mn a Uae ‘ef Vi im e 4¥ ee ee 4 | he ee al Dw oz e' ha ae Po A ne - As Ye a6 Pet Bee as no silica alt me oe Laos pee sect | sepia gS 5 aly ak) am snag wandatiy | Z ys en hy eo. ie Py 7 sie a —_ Las ’ i Co a ae Shel - 2 “ a 7 4 ; sv - Lal eT 4 _ ice oes i ad i ai ae) le he a r’ © “De to A i a ee Hy: s Pte a_ on a oo“ r3, 7 ree is are ov fn ae a iY \ “, a a a «°, : ; ; 2 \~erpee . ’ In & i s-. as? a 7” : Ma ay , taht rans ve 7" rene vow A i ries alt ae - : ne ‘ 178) wan..o....... @— a ¥ } tu a ‘TA A she # 4 nh # - | a 7 : \ . oe H. u i _ *) } bal pak im or om m Ms os vila 7 i bust 7: a a 7 - A i a” =| ¥ 7 a vn} mh i ake (eee ot - NT Ore Ay a - Tae we 7 77 ae? a. 7 — Par ey) nay ol i? 9 Aa , i " m aku m lh Ais - +1 ied a 7 my Thi nia on is wh i Ne ian ¥ ¥ v¢ a A) ; A Ay - ¥ li a ic! Coal fag A. 7 mo Ly a oe Die vo a big > “ ” : “(8 a - a an ° at me ! 7 >. 7 7 ) ' 3 7 [2 aad ght rae ae a ene tye mudd ’ ia i it _) - - 7 ieee ‘ 7 ‘ “haa wie, ms 7 ‘ an “_ a Ri, ts — Soe 7 os Tr ea aint» | ‘ ay 2 4 Ui : or, } 7 ih tans wey id e > i * : — Tals ss | aks ‘on Mail?s 1 oe '= fh... ry Sir , ae 7 ids * gael > ae Ds oF . 22 ter’ 7 ; aaa 7 as Leo >a 7} 7 : DS Sn : if g | a Aye ae oy i Po ; . 7 ye, awn 4 a, o % q : 4 } ay ary. " igh) " re ee A me are i : A) ~ 7 “a ) >! ry 7 as aig Sale acs am ne. owe at Ve 7 Vee ware ; Pr @ Ask) da’ ; Ds - a ; r a am Ca oye i wy a By rar fl ~ a? | ele (ae a 7 au ’ ; “aaa “ ; bl im 7 7“ At hal ’ wi oa ide, “a § f o - 7 cv ae 7 ye 8 . : "7 ~*~ 4 7 » See ne ar 3 in ef : —e = i = » is Lise ae i 7 : ty 5 a 7 7 = a)! Faye a. aa. ee” ca Pr he i « il % vi : ie 7 : . 7 7 "> : Si Bh a tat Ee Cytherea albaria.S : 50 ——— CYTHEREA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell bivalve, equivalve, inequilateral, suborbicular, tri- gonate or transverse ; four cardinal teeth on one valve, three of which diverge from the summit and one is iscta- ted, situated under the lunule; three divergent cardinal teeth upon the other valve, and a fosset at a little distance, parallel to the lunule margin ; no lateral teeth. OBSERVATIONS. A genus of beautiful marine shells, included by Linné in the genus Venus, but separated by Lamarck in conse- quence of the middle tooth of the hinge being profoundly divided into two and the posterior tooth being distant and parallel to the lunule edge. The name of Meretrix which that author first applied to this genus he subsequently thought proper to reject in favor of the present designa- tion. An allied genus the Astarte of Sowerby (Crassina, Lam.) has but two teeth in each valve. Cyclas, Cyrena and Megadesma have remote lateral teeth ; Cyprina has one remote lateral tooth, and the posterior muscular im- pression of Lucina is elongated. The species are numerous, inhabitants of almost every shore, and are imbeded in many fossil localities. The Japanese and Chinese paint and gild the innerside of C. lusoria with varicus devices and make use of it in their games of chance, whence its name. Pl. 57. L CYTHEREA ALBARIA. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely oblong-ovate, inequilateral, wrinkles of growth more obvious towards the margin, somewhat polished, with a slight appearance of rather broad, nu- merous radii; beaks a little prominent in consequence of the concave curvature of the posterior dorsal margin ; lu- nule rather large, impressed, distinct, oblong-cordate ; pos- terior side prominent: anterior dorsal margin slightly ar- quated, depressed, towards the beaks obtusely carinated on the submargin; anéerior tip narrowed and rounded ; within, margin simple; fosset ef the posterior tooth sim-. ple. OBSERVATIONS, This fossil shell was sent to me by the late Mr. Stephen Elliott who informed me that it was found on the banks of the Santee river, below the confluence of the Congaree and Wateree rivers in South Carolina. It is proportion- ally broader than C. lilacina, Lam., and much less broad than C. gigantea, Gm. of Florida. ‘The specimen is very much thickened within on the inner side of the palleal impression, which is deeply sinuous anteriorly. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Dorsal and exterior views of a valve. D. oe de” iA oi opm - 7 ea Pe ge io eo & aes. woe | ye vinings | penn 198 Pe: tegen e Be oats TPA heen = ) a —- & "srg'* - a ) a oe te) - as - vt ? : - v : Mu es : - : ' a > OF 7 7 o =) 4 LLP cole pho :ALY CFUS. Lam ¢ ; se ox + eh eT Cackvlits. Sow. 7 CF CA ML Say Det. PETRICOLA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell bivalve, transverse, subtrigonate, or oblong, ine- quilateral, rounded behind, anteriorly narrowed and a Iit- tle gaping ; hinge having one or two teeth on each valve, or upon one of the valves only; palleal impression pro- foundly sinuous anteriorly. Animal with two syphons, divided only at tip, unequal in length and diameter, contractile within the shell ; mantle thicker on the margin and united, with a very small opening for the rudimental conic foot; mantle very small, transverse, chiefly concealed by two lips, which are extended Jaterally into small triangular palpi. OBSERVATIONS. Lamarck in his last work, united Rupellaria of Bellevue to his Petricola, in his family Lithophaga, which, as its name implies, contains those genera of shells, which are destitute of accessory pieces and have the remarkable pro- perty of penetrating calcareous rocks and thus establish- ing for themselves a permanent and secure dwelling. ‘This family consists of three genera, Saxicava, Petricola and Venerupis, which are closely allied. The hinge of the former is destitute of teeth, or, in some instances has only obsolete tubercles, and the syphons of the animal are longer than in the present genus and united to the extremity in Pl. 60. one fleshy envelope, not retractile within the shell, but always in part exposed. Venerupis apprcaches nearer to Venus in the number of its teeth, which, however, are not divaricated as in the latter genus. The means by which these animals penetrate dense calea- reous substances, has been discussed by many able writers, without a satisfactory solution of the problem. Some have supposed that the operation is effected by the friction of the valves of the shell; but the vaives of some species are very thin and not so dense as the substance they pene- trate, and never exhibit any abrasion of their attenuated edges. Others contend that a peculiar acid or solvent must be secreted by some appropriate organ, which dissolves the rock by a chemical action; but neither anatomy nor chemistry have exhibited proofs in support of this opinion, and in this state of uncertainty we are still left to conjec- ture and analogy. We know that the power of penetra- ting calcareous substances, as well as wood and extremely dense earth, is not confined to animals of this family, but that many others bore through shells to devour the inha- bitant, with too small a hole to admit any part of their own shell, and numerous other species as their whirls revolve in the growth, remove the asperities of the preceding vo- lution as the aperture approaches then. This effect is ob- servable in almost all rough univalve shells; some indeed cover their slight inequalities with the calcareous deposite of the labium, but whenever the inequality is prominent, it is sure to be removed at the aperture, and it would seem that the operation may possibly be, in some instances at least, effected by the constant action of the soft parts of the animal, or by the agency of absorbents acting on the Pl, 60. a ultim ate particles. This operation is by no means extra~ ordinary, as every anatomist is aware that the bony por- tions of the animal frame are universally modified by the action of the softer parts. In many of the Annelides we find animals of a very soft, almost gelatinous structure, penetrating the hardest calcareous rocks, and into the sub- stance of the thick valves of many shells. These analo- gies lead us to the conclusion that the Lithophaga exca- vate a lodgement in solid substances not by the friction or boring of their shells, but by the operation of their soft parts upon them, and not, as a distinguished naturalist has recently supposed, exclusively by maceration of their an- imal mucus. ‘There are however some facts which seem to indicate the presence of asolvent. Mr. Osler has a specimen of a hard calcareous rock in which small masses of silex remain in relief on the sides of excavations formed by Saxicava rugosa and Venerupis irus ; and another spe- cimen of lime mixed with argil, in which the progress of three Saxicavas was arrested by a thin layer purely argila- ceous. PETRICOLA PHOLADIFORMIS. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely elongated, white ; posterior side very short ; anterior side a little gaping ; hinge and dorsal mar. gis nearly parallel; surface longitudinally radiated with eievated lines, which, anterior to the middleare but slightly Pl. 60. prominent, filiform, sometimes obsolete anteriorly, and behind the middle are seven or eight fornicated coste ; concentric wrinkles more obvious and somewhat undu- lated on the anterior margin ; dunule ovate-acute, simply sculptured with the concentric wrinkles ; within radiated with strongly indented lines, which are obsolete on the anterior margin ;-feefh two in each valve, the posterior one of the right valve -sometimes so deeply divided as to re- semble two, and one of those of the left valve rudimental. SYNONYMS. P. pnotapirormis, Lam. 4n. sans Vertebr., vol. 5. p. 505. Sowerby’s Genera, pl. Petricola, fig. 1 and 2. Conrad’s Marine shells, pl. 7. Desh. Enc. Meth. p. 747. P. rornicata, 8S. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. vol. 2, p. 319. GBSERVATIONS. This shell may be truly said to be an extraordinary spe- cies, having the deceptive exterior aspect of a Pholas, and like many of that genus residing in cavities drilled out of the most compact earth, as is also sometimes the case with the P. ochroleuca, Lam. It is abundant on many parts of our coast from Maine to Florida. Dr. Ravenel sent me specimens from Ckarles- ton and Dr. Storer informs me that it is common at Chel- sea and Martha’s Vineyard in Massachusetts. REFERENCE TO THE PLATE, The upper and lower figures, represent the exterior and dorsal views. PETRICOLA DACTYLUS. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely oblong-oval, white, with radiating raised striz, which on the posterior half of the shell, from twelve to eighteen in number are larger, and approximate, those of the anterior portion of the shell filiform, the trans- verse striz are undulated on the anterior part of the shell ; basal margin arquated ; teeth two in the right valve and one prominent one in the left. SYNONYM. P. pactyius, Sowerby’s Genera, pl. Petricola, fig. 3. OBSERVATIONS. For this species I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Ravenel, who distinguished it from the preceding as a sepa- rate species. The largest specimen in my passession mea- sures nearly two inches in breadth. It resembles the pho- ladiformis but is a more robust shell, being less transverse- ly elongated, the base more arquated, the larger strix are more numerous and destitute of vaulted scales and the teeth are quite different. 1 had distinguished it by the name of flagellata, but on a more close comparison with Sowerby’s figure and very short description in which no locality is given, it evidently approaches that species and is probably identical. Pl. 60. Gig)" Cat a Ti We ; * hina the ¥ dyes ne Bate .t awe! Virediy 4 hy sao weacuaed, (> [aa ‘une Wh nanlaso'ny ey e oh rou ail. ey be! - + cor en i yh 7%: e th £ Sait 5 Weide} éncr at fF) Sa f et xi Saad alt’, opi hs | } . te. yi wit va Ng Stas CRYPTOSTOMA. GENERIC CHARACTER. Shell ear-shaped, univalve, spiral, very much depressed ; spire hardly elevated above the general curvature, lateral ; aperture very large, oblong, entire, embracing a portion of the preceding volution ; labrum simple ; volutions two or three; columella short, spiral: nacre none ; muscular impressions two, lateral, distant ; a slightly revolving, ele- vated line on the inner surface ; operculum none. Animal tongue shaped, chiefly formed by a very long, and very thick foot, which is narrower and massive be- fore, truncated behind, canaliculated on each side and widely margining on all sides the contorted visceral mass, which is very small, slightly convex above, and covered by an interior shell ; head depressed ; mouth very small, con- cealed under the anterior and superior margin of the foot; tentacula two, compressed and appendiculate at base; a large branchial pecten ; male organ under the right ten- taculum ; mantle without emargination. OBSERVATIONS. That able anatomist Blainville was the first to detect the difference between the animal of the much depressed spe- cles of the genus Sigaretus, Adans,, and of those with a more elevated spire ; and notwithstanding the similarity of the shells he very judiciously separated them and form- ed the present genus, if we may judge by the characters he has stated, for which we rely entirely on his accuracy- It differs much from Coriocella, Blainv., the animal of which has avery small foot and a coriaceous shell. SPECIES. C. PERSPECTIVUS, S. C. MACULATUS, 5. “in altempt to exhibit a synonymy of the Western, American species of the genera Unio and Alasmodonta. UNIO. 1 U. niger, Rafineeque.* 14 U. cuneatus, Barnes. 2 U. cariosus, S. Lam. B. 15 U. viridis, Raf, siliquoides, B. (var.) radiatus * Gm. 3 U. fasciatus, Raf. 16°U: carinatus, B. 4 U. leptodon, Raf. planus, B. FU; purpurescens, Swainson. tenuissimus, Lea. 18 U. $ U. fragilis, R. Sw. Deshayes. gracilis, B. Hildr. Lea. Katon. 6§ U. nervosus, R. 19 U. zigzag, Lea. donaciformis, Lea. 7 +U. levigatus, R. 20 U. castaneus ? Lea. &, U. rectus, Lam. Valenc. Eaton. latissimus, R. prezlongus, B. Hildr. 9 U, dilatatus, R. 21 *U nasutus, Lam. gibbosus, B. Hildreth. 10 U. evlindricus, S. B. Hildr. (Desh. naviformis, Lam. Blainy.Valenc. solenoides, R, 23 U. 11 U. cardium, R. 24 U. ventricosus, B. occidens, Lea. subovatus, Lea. (var.) 25 U. capax, Green. (var.) 12 U. ovatus, S. Lam. B. Hildr.Valenc 26 U. 13 U. fasciolus, R. multiradiatus, Lea. zt. U: orth alatus, S. Lam. B. Hildr. Desh. megapterus, Raf. triquecer, Raf. (Eaton. triangularis, B. Hildr. Eaton cuneatus, Sw. formosus, Lea. (var) truncatus, R. undatus, var. a Barnes. elegans, Lea. interruptus, R. brevidens, Lea. lineolatus, R. depressus, R. (young) securis, Lea. Desh. ellipsarius, R. ellipticus, B. erassus, S. fasciolaris, R. crassus, Wood ? ponderosus, Gray? mucronatus, (young) B. phaseolus, Hildr. S. planulatus, Lea. . verrucosus, R. tuberculatus, B. Hildr. . flavus, R. rubiginosus, Lea. cyphius, R. xsopus, Green. metanevrus, R. nodosus, B. Hildr. reflexus R. cornutus, B. retusus, R. stapes ? Lea. (var.) flexuosus, R. pileus, Lea.? _* This writer and some others imitated Lamarck in giving the specific na ms in this genus a feninine termination, which we have ch inged in this table . 28 U. nodulatus, R. pustulatus, Lea. 29 U. quadrulus, R. rugosus, B. Hildr. lacrmosus, Lea. asperrimus, Lea. 20 U. nodulosus. Wood, Dillw. bullatus, R. verrucosus, B. (var.) Valenc. verrucosus albus, Hildr. pustulosus, Lea. 31 U. tuberculatus, R. verrucosus, B. verrucosus purpureus, Hildr. tuberculosus, Valenc. 32 U. subrotundus, R. rotundatus? Lam. orbiculatus, Hildr. circulus, Lea. lens $ Lea (young var.) 33. U. obliquatus, R. sulcatus, Lea. 34 U. triangularis, R. ellipsis, Lea. 35 U. scalenius, R. decisus! Lea. (var.) $36 U. obovalis, R. ebenus, Lea. 37 U. stegarius, R. irroratus, Lea. 38 U. mytiloides, R. caridiacea, Say of Guerin. pyramidatus, Lea. 39 U. cuneatus, R. patulus, Lea. 40 U. gibbosus, R. perplexus. 41 U. costatus, R. peruvianus t Lam. undulatus, B. 42 U. 43 U. 44 U. 45 U. 46 U. 47 U. 48 U. 49 U. S0TU: 51 U. 57 Uz 58 U. teres, R. anodontoides, Lea. ohiensis, R. (Anodonta.) levissimus, Lea. (Symphonota) inflatus t Dea. wou(i'-” «Ph war. latus, R. (Anod.) dehiscens, S. oriens, Lea. heros, S. undulatus, S. multiplicatus, Lea. lugubris, S. ater, Lea. atra, Desh. interruptus, S. trapezoides, Lea. apiculatus, S. asper, Lea. lapillus, S. fabalis, Lea. monodontus, S. Eaton. soleniformis, Lea. metallicus, S. cuprinus, Lea. nexus, S. arceformis, Lea. . politus, Nob. subrotundus, Lea. (not Kat.) . cicatricosus, 8. varicosus, Lea. plicatus, S. B. rariplicatus, Lam. Blainy. Desh, . parvus, B. Eaton. glans? Lea. (var) undatus, B. trigonus, Lea. subrostratus, S. iris, Lea. ALASMODONTA. 1 A. marginata, S. B. U. calceolus, Lea. 2 A. costata, R. rugosa, B. Hildr. Eaton. 3 A. complanata, B. Hildr. Eaton. dh joe, pT ee ee ay a '% a Fee Prt eyit ey . ye re z g: ¢ Gag Bore AS, 4 ~ " on abe rey re? 7 . Te : & PRE SS Sita Fi ‘: ies ** sf # eee = 2 PAE = REINS Mah ag it 38 NOTES AND SYNONYMS. The long delay in the publication of this number has been occasioned by the protracted illness and final decease of our engrayer Mr. Lyon. A young man of amiable manners and much promise in his profession. Agreeably to our promise we now give the characters of the genus Cryptos- - toma. ¥* Pecten varius, L. A specimen of this shell was presented to me several years since by Mr. Lesueur, as having beer found by himselfon the Northeast- ern coast of the United States. Ihave not learned that another has been ob- tained on our coast. It seeni probable that H. irrorata, is a variety of Hi lactea, Mull., with which I compared it when describing it. I have a’shell from Rio Janeiro, presented by Mr. T. Peale, that corresponds in all its character with the latter species. Mr. Hyde also sent me the same shells, from near Buenos Ayres, so that the lactea, like the aspersa and some of the smaller species, seems to be very widely distributed. Melania semicarinata, Nob. p]. 47, add to the synonyms of this species, M. zcuta, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. 4, N.S. Valvat nifera, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vol. 4, N. S. In the Wissi- hickon and other streams of water in the vicinity of Philadelphia is the larva of 2 common insect belonging to the Linnean genus Phryganea, which con- structs a spiral follicle precisely similar to the description and figure above re- ferred to, excepting, of course, that it is destitute of operculum, which the au- thor says, in two of his specimens was “ sufficiently perfect to exhibit a stria- ted horny structure.” The operculum seems to have been imperfect in both specimens, and we fear that a mistake may have been made, and that the V. arenifera, isin reality only the follicle of a larva and not the production of a moluscous animal. Jt would be easy to make the necessary comparison, as the follicle is well known to most of the conchologists of that city, , Caracolla helicoides, ibid. is variety a. of Helix-palliata S. H. denotata, Fer. Helix carolinensis, ibid. corresponds by description and figures with H, ap- pressa, S., var. a. Melania tuberculata, ibid. is a variety of M. stygia, S. : Melania elongata, ibid. seems very closely related to M. elevata, S., and may probably prove to be the same. ; La CORRECTIONS. _ In the note to the observations on the genus Alasmodonta, on the second page, insteac of ** 1824,” read 1822, and on the cover of No. 3, instead of ‘* 1830,” read 1831. - ; Plate 53 was inadvertently printed and colored, with Barnes’ name Unio tugosus, instead of Rafinesque’s name U. quadrulue, which is the true name, or the allsu ficient reason that it has the priority. _——— _LINEOLATUS, : * > é ‘ No. VIE. AMERICAN Vey Ne td OF ds OF GY: OR, vt DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SHELLS OF NORTH AMERICA. ILLUSTRATED BY COLOURED FIGURES FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS EXECUTED FROM NATURE. - CONTENTS. DONAX VARIABILIS, - - 7 3 3 - Sins pea ON 5 0 ween t «h 63 TELLINA BREVIFRONS, - = - = . St ns 3 « 64 MERA, * = ps - rs . w = en || TENUIS; - = bel th eta 4 : - A a 6 ——-. ALTERNA'TA, - : se Ae a a oo : “65 ———mn POLITA, - - - - ° os 2 z a “ i“ — TENTA, . - ‘ £ « Mi iS E Tn ARCA ZEBRA, =~ SERRA SL) a Eo oe “ 66 Unio TRUNCATUS, —- “ss - - ~ - . 67 tn rise artic. f= 08 Sa Pes = iS I. Dlomax verterbile- J Willer se Sey. DONAX VARIABILIS. DESCRIPTION. 1. D. variabilis. Shell triangular; anterior margin obliquely truncated, cordate, suture a little convex; pos- terior hinge margin nearly rectilinear, suture indented; base a little prominent, beyond a regular curve, near the middle; valves longitudinally striated with numerous, equal, parallel, regular, impressed lines, hardly visible to the unassisted eye, and obsolete on the posterior margin; basal edge within crenate. SYNONYM. Donax variasinis, Nob. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. li. p. 305. OBSERVATIONS, Inhabits the coasts of Georgia and East Florida. Cabinet of the Academy and Philadelphia Museum. Varies very much in colour, and is a very pretty shell. Its usual varieties are red, white, yellow, or elegantly radiated with dilated reddish-brown lines, upon a white or yellow ground; lines are purpurescent within the shell. A very common shell; I found it more particularly nu- merous on the beach of Cumberland island, where, in favourable situations, at the recess of the tide, it may be taken up in handfuls, without any intermixture of sand. It is very distinct from D. rugosus, but approaches much nearer to D. trunculus, from which it is distinguished by being more abruptly truncated before, smaller, and the longitudinal lines are more indented. I have no doubt but this species has been regarded, by authors, as the same with frunculus; if so, judging by an individual of that species in the collection of the Academy, at least two distinct species have been confounded together under that common name. Pl. 61—Fig. 1. 1 DONAX FOSSOR. DESCRIPTION. 2. D. fossor. Shell subtriangular; anterior margin short and rounded; posterior hinge slope rectilinear; base very slightly prominent beyond a regular curve at the middle; valves longitudinally striated with numerous, equal, parallel, regular, impressed lines, not visible to the unassisted eye, and obsolete on the posterior margin; basal edge within crenate; colour pale-livid, with two lon- gitudinal whitish rays before the middle, both within and without. Var. a, Whitish. Var. b, Yellowish. SYNONYM. Donax Fossor, Nob. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences, vol. 11. p. 306. OBSERVATIONS. Inhabits the coast of New Jersey and Maryland. Cabinet of the Academy and Philadelphia Museum. Very numerous under the surface of the sand, which is exposed at the recess of the tide. A wave by remoy- ing the surface of the sand, exposes a great many indi- viduals to view; at its refluence, these immediately pene- trate the sand, and before the recurrence of the surge they are concealed. They are preyed upon by several shore birds and fish: the drum (Scizena chromis) and sheep’s-head, (Sparus ovicephalus) are sometimes caught in the surf in con- siderable numbers, whilst in pursuit of them. Pl. 61—Fig. 2. a ea Ca mn ’ ra fj at SEAT ae ‘ < 77 YO oF 3s Bil ia cn 7 wa 7 , + P 7 ole a ni re i 7 wir ie > Mae . we brs é CNTANLA CALVO MNUETIUSIS : OZ Mrs Jay del CYRENA CAROLINENSIS. DESCRIPTION. Shell cordate, turgid, brown on the disks, with a yel- lowish or greenish margin and submargin; surface with numerous membranaceous wrinkles; umbo much eroded; beaks distant; two of the primary teeth canaliculate at tip. SYNONYMS. Cyrena carouinensis, Say. Nicholson’s Encyclopedia, (3d American edition,) article Conchology. CycLas CAROLINENSIS, Bosc. OBSERVATIONS. Inhabits the rivers of South Carolina and Georgia, but is not found so far north as New Jersey. We found it in plenty near Charleston, South Carolina, and in St. John’s river, Florida.—Say. It inhabits Mobile Bay, in the vicinity of Mobile, Ala- bama, and occurs fossil in the Newer Pliocene of North Carolina, near Newbern.—£ditor. Pl. 62. We wit: : ps shed oly Ot eae 7 > - . 4 eo 7 ee ee oe e —" . ey - a : 7 ' a — ~ & <<". 7 5 a - - - 7 a bi | . ; ee ee a 7 a i ey 7 is’ - il + Wy ae P : A = 7 * a - 7 y ; s| > Ls! f a * ‘a = 7 7 -_ ~ 7 § *s . A P a al! ‘pre’ a ! e ar S a — ie 4 ans 7 7 oe ay : a! 6G @ iad) ap ss i é. _ 7 - Va. 7 7 i, > 7 e . »-4 ). 2" «4. > = > * Ad) Fe Gt oe b ; ' 7 7 iT 4 aa a - a ; : j : ia” Se ‘ wal 7 a % 7 7 & i" A gieetil | a “oY A) 7 7 if ry iden { ri LA Diva: > a a hel! > : 7 : en ir 7 a ne 7 - ta Prayil't ‘, " . it a nil I : - 1 a a afi! “et 7 a - ' J i” fieet| od : 7 ‘A Seca? O * : s we Lt ibe. es G A Gd AT? eee igserili C6) gules Gag Wh ae ss hd a a = i a in ey a as : 7 - Aad 7. bs ra Xg ‘ 7 ) . a Ae 7 Meiel 6 Mite mal yall VENUS ALVEATA. DESCRIPTION. Shell ventricose; valves very thick, subtriangular, cor- date, with eight remarkably thick, very prominent, much recurved, transverse approximate ribs, of an uniform thickness throughout, terminating abruptly at their an- terior slope, which is much impressed; lunule cordate, included by an impressed line. SYNONYMS. VENuS ALVEATA, Conrad. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc., vol. vi. p. 264, pl. x1, fig. 14, 15. Venus paputa! Lam. Anim. sans. Vert., vol. v. p. 608. OBSERVATIONS. For an opportunity of examining this interesting spe- cies I am indebted to Dr. Ravenel, who informs me that he obtained it on Sullivan’s Island, near Charleston, S. C. It differs from V. paphia, Linn., in not having the ribs abruptly smaller before they reach the anterior slope; and it does not agree with the figure in the Encyc. Meth. of V. fasciata. Although probably recent, the specimen has very much the appearance of a fossil, and this cir- cumstance, combined with its character, leads me to believe that it is the V. paphia, Lam., but certainly not that of Linné.* REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Three views of the shell. Pln6o3s * Having examined the specimens sent to Mr. Say, I find them to be fossil shells. The species is characteristic of the Older Pliocene formation, and occurs at Wilmington, N. C.; St. Mary’s river, Mary- land; and City Point, Virginia —£d. —_———— Vereces alveela, Conrad. OS MoS ayDeZ 1 Telling — breviitens. J. 2 3 mem S od Mis Say det. TELLINA BREVIFRONS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Ovate, white, tinged with yellowish; anterior side very short. DESCRIPTION. Shell thin and fragile, not very convex, white, tinged, particularly on the umbo, with pale dull fulvous; with transverse slender strie, and in a particular light obsolete longitudinal striz are visible; beaks much anterior to the middle, forming an angle in consequence of the anterior and posterior hinge margins being rectilinear to a con- siderable distance, the latter parallel to the base; anterior side short and abrupt, rounded at tip, and with a sub- marginal undulation; posterior side more than as long again as the anterior, rounded at tip; within much more deeply coloured with fulvous; cardinal teeth, two in the left valve and one in the right valve; lateral teeth none. OBSERVATIONS. Inhabits the coast of South Carolina. The outline of this shell corresponds with 7° donacina, Lin., but it is more convex, and not radiated with reddish. Dr. Ravenel informs me that it is very rare. He obtained but a single specimen, which he obligingly sent me for examination. It also resembles 7. decoru, Say, and may readily be mistaken for it, but is altogether destitute of oblique striz and rosaceous radiations. P|. 64—Fig. 1. TELLINA MERA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Ovate-orbicular, transversely striated, hinge anterior to the middle, bidentate, with a lateral tooth in one valve. DESCRIPTION. Shell small, thin, white, not very convex, somewhat regularly striated transversely; beaks forming a rather prominent angle; anterior side with an obvious undula- tion, and rectilinear as far as double the length of the ligament; at tip rounded; ligament rufous; posterior side nearly rectilinear half the distance from the beaks to the middle of the tip, which is regularly and obtusely round- ed; basal margin obtusely and regularly arquated; hinge with two primary teeth in each valve; posterior tooth small and triangular; anterior tooth thicker, obtuse, and with an impressed line on its summit; a single prominent lateral triangular tooth in the left valve; sinus of the palleal impression remarkably large, in its posterior cur- vature almost confluent with the tip of the muscular impression. OBSERVATIONS. Inhabits the coast of South Carolina.—Dr. Ravenel. Ina particular light it has a slight appearance of lon- gitudinal lines. Pl. 64—Fig. 2. 65 7 Tellina — alternata 2. ; — politi ah - — tenla Mrs. Sav cde TELLINA ALTERNATA. DESCRIPTION. Shell compressed, oblong, narrowed and angulated before; white; numerous parallel, equal, equidistant, im- pressed concentric lines, which on the anterior margin are alternately obsolete; interstitial spaces flat; within tinged with yellow; a callous line, which is sometimes obsolete, passes from behind the hinge to the inner mar- gin of the posterior cicatrix, and another from before the hinge to the inner margin of the anterior cicatrix; an- terior hinge tooth emarginate; posterior lamellar tooth very near the cardinal teeth, so as to appear like a pri- mary tooth, that of the right valve wanting; anterior lamellar tooth at the extremity of the hgament; anterior hinge slope declining in a somewhat concave line to an obliquely truncated tip. SYNONYM. TELLINA ALTERNATA, Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc., vol. ii. p. 2/0. OBSERVATIONS. Inhabits the coasts of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida. Rather a common shell, beautifully and very regularly striated. When cast upon the beach, one of the valves is very commonly perforated near the hinge. This ope- ration, it would seem, is most frequently performed upon the left valve, as, of ten specimens thus mutilated, two only were perforated upon the right valve. It varies in being destitute of the yellow colour within. It is proba- Pl. 65—fig. 1. bly allied to 7. punicea, but I have never found it so far north as the state of New Jersey. It is much more elongated than the latter, the striz are far more distinct, and it is entirely and always destitute of the rose co- loured bands and lines, such as are represented in Born’s figure of that shell. It cannot be the J. angulosa of Gmelin, as that species is described to be suborbicular, and to have the lateral teeth remote, whereas the alternata has but one of the lateral teeth remote. It is abundant in the Upper Tertiary or Newer Plio- cene beds near Newbern, North Carolina.—£ditor. Pl. 65—Fig. 1. TELLINA POLITA. DESCRIPTION. Shell transversely subtriangular, minutely wrinkled concentrically, white, immaculate; anterior margin rather shorter than the posterior one, the hinge slope declining, in a very slightly arquated line, to a subacute termina- tion; basal margin nearly rectilinear from behind the middle to the anterior termination; a lateral tooth behind the primary teeth. SYNONYM. Texuiwa pouita, Nob. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. ii. p. 276. OBSERVATION, Not uncommon on the beach of South Carolina and East Florida. Pi. 65—Fig. 2. TELLINA TENTA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Rostrum curved to the left; no lateral teeth. DESCRIPTION, Shell transversely oblong-ovate, fragile, a little com- pressed, white, with a tinge of dull yellowish towards the umbones; wrinkles of growth not very prominent, but more obvious on the anterior side; beaks a little before the middle, not much elevated; anterior side narrowed, curved to the left, at tip truncated or obviously emargi- nate; umbonial slope hardly elevated; within with an obsolete appearance of radiating lines; lateral teeth none; cardinal teeth in the left valve prominent; a tinge of dull yellowish on the disk as on the exterior. OBSERVATIONS. Inhabits the coast of South Carolina.—Dr. Ravenel. The proportion of length and breadth is nearly that of Tellina nitida, Poli, but the beaks are rather more anterior. ‘The anterior side is a little more obtuse than that of T. pulchella, Lam., and a little more curved to the left nearer the tip. It evidently resembles 7. depressa, Gmelin, but I cannot perceive any lateral tooth. Pl. 65—Fig. 3. TELLINA TENUIS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Shell oval triangular, irregularly striate concentrically; each valve with two teeth, and one of them with lateral teeth. SYNONYMS. T. tenuis, Da Costa, Brit. Conch., p. 210. Chemn. vi. p. 124, tab. 12, fig. 117. Donovan i. tab. 19, three lower figures. Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. p. 180, tab. 51, fig. 2. Mont. Test. Brit., p. 59. ‘Turton Brit. Fauna, p. 150. Wood Conch., p. 155, tab. 44, figs. 3 and 4. Conch. Dict., p. 169. Conch. Ins. Brit., p. 107. T. tevis, List. Conch., t. 405, fig. 251. OBSERVATIONS. There may frequently be observed some very minute and fine longitudinal white lines, from which circumstance it has been often mistaken for J. striata; but the lateral teeth will at all times distinguish it, there being two small lateral teeth in one of the valves only. We believe that the J. balaustina and T. planata of Linnzus are among the numerous varieties of this species.—( Turton.) I have copied the above from Turton’s “ Bivalves of the British Islands,” believing our shell to be the tenwis of authors. Mr. Say, unfortunately, has left no descrip- tion of this species, which was sent to him by Professor Ravenel of Charleston, who found it on the shore of Sul- livan’s Island.— Ed. Pl. 64—Fig. 3. a ~—. = a & a ee bs hs fe ts m ia i" a) ial 4 . Pers One , F _ y — f ee ae , mes oo hey it. hia ; oo 2 ee “3 } “ae * a a oe = oes a ps ca ee, 4 ha —* ae. wT Hd Pe L.* ogee ek ai os Hy Lane Po am 3 aa 4 ‘io vu FA Lz ‘ae | By - Su ee hs a ae mah ee yo a ef a= i Lae s a vip i |. 7 : NTA a. aie Be. Lb pee iy aoe r eo oan et: 7 hag "3 ide oe it hae ate wer . e ae > ‘ss dias.“ ae, el? wi Ab roi yA — a + -_ e bute i poe . 4 ‘~« a J haw oe te? ‘ Re. Bed al “aR Pages’ oh ; i *. h : - rs 4 ae" : vs bf ae oe | 4S. Oey See ih «Se . T- ae re tn ae ie. ere LA Si o- wa Bo? (Sa Sah eet ee Ye Bo eg SS ee vibe ee Oy rf er? a. y= ied 7 if ae L) Ay Agee. he. jee) bi ie sli e i i : a3 = T - Bia tt: SR le ie ie Me ke ead, rs 7 Svea & a ibis ¢ je ee ba, | 4 : ' ye | =" - i a2, : hte i édeike _ a 7 re — : Re ae ia aenhiadie ed he WP) = move i es ia gs “ mr be. — em wo a: ba? West A ¥ i “ a ane a ee oi we ie ae ni Ve 2 7 ti eae ee ane lie him aa Tat os agile . ae » « ere ei nme c:. hem ‘Bak on pers te. ae ae BS} ll aaa a wipe ee 7 Tih ‘VV 3 vie - we . (S i ” =o [f. ‘La Sirs s ee en al ” hi ae } re wie ie , i w + , & - Ae 6 | ai — fae lew lala 7 a ore | _ a : , C Wht e),” ee ee —— i : ; : we i pe 3 wee De 6 Py ch. ae ‘ep Deer seb re IBS bye ] rk ne oe oe a rh 7 i\< te f oe “a ea Ca iat eae A | ee s [aa - A ’ A a 6 en yr.” . q ; N Z| + Pe wi ea vita. ms ‘i ; ats MEd. afisk le, Fee. ia fy Tet. eb caw = ¥ bands hone Beis Tia 1 rhe ie ti P ar, yn eee. ie : wu 2 i nae? he ‘ h@ ae hay! gol hee Pee 0) =. A ee: iy ia Pt Sv y es ap M4 ae aah, here i< ¢ a SA. 7 ey fic r Paty Y= LSP i J 7 * en wis op Lili ‘ee an : We, ED ae, ai BPA! ses ere a ROWE re La ‘ae ae a oF glee aah hgh ee the: ee Mee. ee te. ie ee ee ma. | Une 7 ' 5 oe + hater Wir aie be: * J av. a be ~ ’ Te mf 14 aay) Lrea 207 a Sw. Mo SayDel. LWaller Se* ARCA ZEBRA. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Margins angulated; valves marked with simple uniform and regular grooves radiating from the umbones; shell transversely and obliquely striped with brown. SYNONYM. Arca zesra, Swainson. Zool. Illus., No. 26, pl. 118. OBSERVATIONS. Inhabits the coast of the peninsula of Florida. Mr. Swainson has separated this species from the Arca Nox of authors, and refers it to his subgenus Bys- soarca. He observes: “The animals of these shells affix themselves to other bodies by a particular muscle, which is protruded through the gaping part of the valves; they also adhere, when young, by the byssiform epidermis which covers the exterior. A specimen now before us, which we procured in the bay of Naples, exemplifies this singular property. ‘The present species is not uncom- mon in the West Indies, and has been sent to us from Jamaica. Like all others of this particular type, it is almost constantly covered with coralline substances.” REFERENCE TO THE PLATE. Interior, exterior and dorsal views. Pl. 66. 7 Tinto truncatus hak dis. Say del. UNIO TRUNCATUS. DESCRIPTION. Shell triangular, very convex, gaping a little at the posterior extremity; posterior lunule distinct; anterior margin very much flattened, forming a right angle with the disk; disk with an indented groove on the posterior side, extending from beak to base; anterior tip truncated; ligament slope slightly grooved; basal margin dilated in the middle; anterior margin slightly retuse; epidermis olive-yellow, radiate with green, interrupted into short lines and spots generally sagittate; within white or rose- colour; cardinal teeth large and prominent; muscular im- pressions small; anterior impression oval, impressed. SYNONYMS. Unto truncata, Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys., vol. v. Poulson’s translation, p. 31. U. eveeans, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol. iv. p. 83, pl. ix. fig. 13. OBSERVATION. This shell inhabits the Wabash, Scioto, Ohio, and other western rivers. PLAGE: UNIO LINEOLATUS. SPECIFIC CHARACTER. Subtriangular, disk and umbo much depressed; beaks simple, prominent. SYNONYMS. U. uivcotata; U. pepressa, (young,) Raf. Ann. gen. des Sc. Phys., vol. v. Mr. Poulson’s translation, p. 35. U. securis, Lea. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new series, vol. 11. pod37, pl..xi. fis. 17%, DESCRIPTION. Shell subtriangular, surface brownish-yellow, with nu- merous slender green radii and broader distant radii, frequently composed of series of angular dark spots, with pale intervening spaces; disk and umbo much compressed; beaks simple, prominent, in the young acute at the apex; anterior side subcuneiform; anterior margin regularly but slightly arquated, very much flattened, forming a right angle with the disks; posterior side short, obtusely rounded at tip; within white; cardinal teeth very large, profoundly sulcated and striated; lateral teeth inclining to be double in each valve. OBSERVATION. This species is common in the Ohio, Alabama, and Black Warrior rivers. Pl. 68. > ‘ . : 7 -— = _ a _ pba) We*; of a i ree 7 Lg rans - >» > - - 7 7 aa ! J ae : a ee mend - 16¢ vite an i i af > a 4 . : - oe a . on : ¥ - > : : ope at aa > > » eae cp >) 6 ae : i ~ Bs 7 7 7 APPENDIX. ———— Among Mr. Say’s manuscripts I find the following observation and description of a new species of Chiton, which it is deemed proper to publish at the present op- portunity.— Ed. Venus cincenna, Dillw. V. CcANCELLATA, Lam. Having obtained numerous specimens of this variable shell, I find that my V. e/evata must be placed as a variety of it. CHITON, L. C. apiculatus, valves eight; dorsal triangles with series of elevated points; lateral triangles with scattered ele- vated points. Inhabits the coast of South Carolina. Whitish; oval-oblong, convex, subcarinated; eight valved; anterior valve with numerous, separate, elevated, equal, sub-equidistant points; the six following valves have on their dorsal triangles from twenty to thirty lon- gitudinal series of equal, elevated, approximate rounded points; their lateral triangles with elevated points, as on the anterior valve; posterior valve at base like the dorsal triangles, and its broad margin with the points like those of the anterior valve. Length nearly half an inch. This very pretty species was sent to me from Charles- ton by Dr. Ravenel, of that city, who informs me that it is so rare that he has not found more than this specimen, which he has been so liberal as to present to me. The regular, longitudinal series of elevations on the dorsal triangles, resemble so many minute strings of pearl. ey) Datel ee EEN A ee Ae ee =| MITHSONIAN INSTITUTION LIBRARIES eceeoes | NIIILN IMM vi ean a : | ee | ones Be wy} h H ALA AAV.