Si at jens ote yw HE Laie : WAY Laat y: ja wend | bas pd CORT MCIE Ete (ies AIM Aye ates eT Aan ELS } 4 Vy Pras tR yn oat Ye ACS ion aogteed eee sivin ty Charan Chase ee Me tifa ley ge 37853 rep here e meray este a ESC OU LOPT 2 niet te Aa Hes te YAU PL Sede f i a4 ts MYT PYETUnY Ss What Ante } PURER VTL Vn eneT if ‘ I 43s Peet P RUT nde 4 ! /. Hy $4 yt ease Ret Shoe an SAS edt Lease tet gtte i pagsecetieny aie Leper) ck i Ci i ti ey) hh Py hee Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/americangrassesOOlamsuoft ‘ [res ; ¢ : \ ad } % ; ‘¢ ( : - : ¥ : by ij Hn Hon eongh ea neink ; ah i : a a) rae, Bony fre Wi Aa iy ( BULLETIN No. 7. U. 8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF AGROSTOLOGY. [Grass and Forage Plant Investigations. | } AMERICAN GRASSHS. (ILLUSTRATE D.) BY F. LAMSON-SCRIBNER, AGROSTOLOGIST. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1897. Sea gh snare Eee keor SUBMITTAL U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DIVISION OF AGROSTOLOGY, Washington, D. C., January 22, 1897. Sir: | submit herewith a number of illustrations of native and introduced grasses, with brief descriptions and notes upon the distribution of each, based upon the collections of the Department, and recommend their publication as Bulletin No. 7 of this Division. These illustrations were primarily designed toillustratea Hand- book of North American Grasses, in which all the North American species are to be figured, but as it will be some time before the remaining figures can be engraved, it has been suggested that three hundred of those now completed be published, in order to render them imme. diately useful and available to others. If the present form of publication had been orginally contemplated, a different selection of figures would doubtless have been made. This is of small importance, however, as it is hoped to publish illustrations of all the species in the near future, and it is for this reason that references to the detail drawings are omitted. Notes upon the uses and value of the species of economic interest were published in Bulletin No. 3 of this Division, ‘“ Useful and Ornamental Grasses.” 4 Thedrawingsare all from carefully selected specimens, the habit sketches being made by Mr. A. H. Baldwin. The enlarged details were drawn by myself, with the ex- ception of a few which were made by Miss M. D. Baker. The engraving is the work of Mr. L. S. Williams and Mr. George P. Bartle. The work has all been done in the office of the Division, with the exception of that performed by Mr. Bartle. Respectfully, F. LAMSON-SCRIBNER, Agrostologist. Hon. CHAS. W. DABNEY, Jr., Assistant Secretary of Agriculture. IN PRODUCTION: In order to make the present publication more useful to students of grasses, the order Graminee and the sev- eral tribes into which the order has been divided by our best authorities are here briefly characterized. Under the tribes the genera which are native or have been introduced are enumerated, and those having species figured in this bulletin are marked with an asterisk (*). GRAMINEAi—GRASSES. Characters of the order.—Fibrous-rooted, annual or perennial, , herbaceous (rarely woody) plants, with usually hollow, cylindri- cal (rarely flattened) and jointed stems (culms) whose internodes for more or less of their length are enveloped by the sheath-like basa] portion of the two-ranked and usually linear, parallel- veined leaves ; flowers without any distinct perianth, hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual, solitary or several together, in spikelets, which are arranged in panicles, racemes, or spikes, and which con- sist of a shortened axis (the rachilla) and two or more chatt-like, distichous imbricated bracts (g/wmes),of which the first two, rarely one or none or more than two, are empty (empty glumes) ; in the axil of each of the succeeding bracts (excepting sometimes the uppermost) is borne a flower (hence these are named flowering glumes). Opposed to each flowering glume, with its back turned toward the rachilla, is (usually) a two-nerved, two-keeled bract or prophyllum (the palea), which frequently envelops the flower by its infolded edges. At the base of the flower, between it and its glume, are usually two very small hyaline seales (lodicules) ; Oo 6 rarely there is a third lodicule between the flower and the palea; stameus, usually three (rarely two or one, or more than three) with very slender filaments and two-celled, usually versatile anthers; pistil with a one-celled, one-ovuled ovary, and one te three, usually two, styles with variously branched, most fre- quently plumose, stigmas; embryo small, lying at the front and base of the seed, covered only by the thin pericarp; fruit a caryopsis, rich inalbumen. (In Sporobolus and Hleusine the thin pericarp is free from the seed. ) Number of species.—There are about thirty-five hundred known species of grasses, varying in size from the moss- like Coleanthus of the North to the tree-like bamboos of the Tropics, which tower to the height of 30 m. or more; and ranging in distribution from Kerguelen Land on the South to the extreme limit of vegetation beyond the Arctic Circle. There is no order of plants more widely distributed, or existing under a greater diversity of soil and climate, and no other order presents such a vast number of individual plants or is so important and directly useful to man. SERIES A.—PANICACE A. Spikelets one- rarely two-flowered ; when two-flowered the second or terminal one is perfect, the first or lower one being either staminate or neuter; rachilla articu- lated below the empty glumes, the spikelets falling from the pedicels entire, either singly, in groups, or together with the joints of an articulate rachis. The first six tribes belong to this series. TRIBE I.— Maydeew. Spikelets unisexual, the staminate forming a part of the intlo- rescence with the pistillate, or each in a separate inflorescence on the same plant; flowering glumes hyaline or much less firm in texture than the outer ones; axis of the female spikelets usually articulated. 7 This is a small tribe, numbering only sixteen species classed in seven genera. They are nearly all natives of the Tropics, chiefly in the Old World. Indian corn, or maize, is our best known example of the Maydee. Enuchlena Schrad. Zea Linn. Tripsacum Linn.* TRIBE II.—Andropogonee. Spikelets in spike-like racemes, two at each joint of the articu- late rachis, one sessile and hermaphrodite, one pedicellate, the latter hermaphrodite, staminate, neuter, or reduced to the pedicel alone; glumes usually four, the first and second empty, larger and much firmer in texture than the others, the third usually empty, with a staminate flower in its axil, very rarely awned, the fourth or flowering glume hyaline, usually awned, awn usually twisted or geniculate. This tribe contains about four hundred species divided among twenty-nine genera, of which the genus Andropo- gon, with one hundred and ninety species, is by far the largest and probably the most important. Sugar cane belongs to this tribe in the genus Saccharum. Our best known representatives of the Andropogone are the common broom sedge, Andropogon virginicus, and the big blue stem, Andropogon provincialis. In the same genus are now classed our species of sorghum. The members of the tribe are distributed throughout the tropical and warmer regions of both hemispheres. Imperata Cyr.* Hackelochloa Kuntze. * Miscanthus Anderss. (Manisuris Sw. not Linn.) Saccharum Linn. Trachypogon Nees. Erianthus Michx. * Elionurus HBK. * Manisuris Linn.* Andropogon Linn. * (Rottboellia Linn. f.) 8 TRIBE III.—Zoysiew. Spikelets solitary or in groups of two to eight, each group fall- ing as a whole from the continuous rachis, usually one-tlowered, hermaphrodite, or staminate and hermaphrodite in the same group; flowering glume less firm in texture than the awned or awnless outer ones, which are herbaceous, chartaceous, or coria- ceous; the first glume is usually larger than the second. A small tribe, numbering about twenty-five species which represent nearly half that number of genera. Fifteen species are natives of the tropical and warmer temperate regions of America. Black grama, or Gal- leta, as the Mexicans name it, species of Hilaria, are our best-known representatives of the tribe. Hilaria Kunth.* Nazia Adans. (Tragus Hall). Agopogon HBK. Zoysia Willd. TRIBE IV.—Tristeginew. Spikelets all hermaphrodite, in panicles; empty glumes three, or the third with a staminate flower in its axil, herbaceous or chartaceous; flowering glumes membranaceous, awned or awn- less; rachilla articulated below the empty glumes. A small tribe of only seven genera and thirty-three species, natives chiefly of the tropical regions of the Old World. Of the few American species none extend so far north as the United States. TRIBE V.—Panicee. Spikelets hermaphrodite, terete or flattened on the back; glumes three or four (rarely only two); when four there is occasionally a staminate flower or a palea in the axil of the third; the upper- most or flowering glume of the hermaphrodite flower is always firmer in texture than the outer glumes, of which the first is usually smaller than the others; axis of the inflorescence not articulated, the rachilla being articulated below the empty glumes, the spikelets falling off singly from their pedicels. 9 This is one of the largest tribes in the order Grami- nex. It contains twenty-two genera with over six hun- dred and thirty species. Panicum, the principal genus, is the largest among grasses, numbering three hundred species. The Panicee are very widely distributed throughout the tropical and temperate regions of the world. Crab-grass and the millets are among our best known examples of this tribe. Reimaria Fliigge.~ Oplismenus Beauy. Paspalum Linn. * Chietochloa Scribn.* Anthenantia Beauv. (Setaria Auct.) Amphicarpon Raf.* Cenchrus Linn. * Eriochloa Kunth. * Pennisetum Pers. * Panicum Linn.* Stenotaphrum Trin. * TRIBE VI.—Oryzee. Spikelets usually much compressed laterally, one-flowered, staminate, pistillate, or hermaphrodite; empty glumes two or none, the flower being subtended by the floral glume and palea alone, the latter one-nerved and regarded by some as a second glume; stamens frequently six; axis of the inflorescence not artic- ulated. A small tribe of about forty species divided among sixteen genera, mostly confined to tropical America. One of the best known and most extensively used of the cereals, rice (Oryza sativa), belongs here. Hydrochloa Beauv. Zizania Linn. Pharus Linn. Oryza Linn. Luziola Juss. * Homalocenchrus Mieg.* Zizaniopsis Doell and Asch. (Leersia Sw.) SERIES B.—POACE A. Spikelets one- to many-flowered, the imperfect or rudi- mentary flower, if any, usually uppermost; rachilla 10 usually articulated above the empty glumes, so that these remain after the fall of the fruiting glume.' In spikelets with two or more flowers these are separated by a manifest internode of the rachilla, and in such eases the rachilla is usually articulated below each flowering glume. TrIBE VII.—Phalaridee. Spikelets more or less laterally compressed, one- or rarely three- flowered; glumes five, the first two empty and below the articu- lation of the rachilla, the third and fourth above the articulation, usually empty, very unlike the outer ones, rarely subtending staminate flowers, sometimes reduced to mere bristles, the fifth glume with a one-nerved or nerveless palea and a hermaphrodite flower. A small tribe, comprising six genera with about sixty species of comparatively little importance. Several of the species, sweet vernal grass and vanilla grass, are remarkable for possessing a peculiar fragrance due to their containing coumarin. Canary-grass is one of the best known members of this tribe. Phalaris Linn.* Savastana Schrank. * Anthoxanthum Linn.* ( Hierochloé Gmelin). TRIBE VIII.—Agrostidew. Spikelets all hermaphrodite, one-flowered with three glumes, the first two empty (very rarely wanting), usually as long as or exceeding the third or floral glume; rachilla sometimes pro- longed behind the palea into a naked or plumose bristle. Palea two-nerved (one-nerved in Cinna), nerveless, or (in some Agrostis species) wanting. 'Alopecurus, Cinna, Spartina, and Holeus among our grasses. have the rachilla articulated below the first pair of glumes, and the spikelets fall off entire. fel This is, next to the Festucew, the largest tribe in the order, numbering seven hundred species arranged in forty-six genera. The species are distributed through- out all the temperate and colder regions of the world and many oceur within the Tropics. The genus Agrostis, from which the tribe derives its name and from which comes the word ‘“agrostologist,” has about one hundred species, found in all parts of the world, especially in the north temperate zone. Some of our most important meadow grasses—notably Herd’s-grass and timothy— belong to this tribe. Aristida Linn.* Epicampes Presl. * Stipa Linn. * Polypogon Desf. Oryzopsis Michx.* Limnodia L. H. Dewey.* Milium Linn.* ( Thurberia Benth. ) Muhlenbergia Schreb., * Arctagrostis Griseb. Brachyelytrum Beauy.* Cinna Linn. ~ Lycurus Kunth. Agrostis Linn.* Pereilema Presl. Gastridium Beany. Heleochloa Host.* Calamagrostis Roth. * Phleum Linn. * Ammophila Host.* Alopecurus Linn. * Calamovilfa Scribn. * Coleanthus Seid. Apera Adans. Phippsia R. Br.* Lagurus Linn. Sporobolus R. Br.* TRIBE I[X.—Avenea. Spikelets two- to several-flowered; outer empty glumes usually longer than the first floral glume; one or more of the floral glumes awned on the back or from between the teeth of the bifid apex; awn usually twisted or geniculate; the callus, and usually the joints of the rachilla, hairy. A tribe comprising twenty-three genera and over three hundred species widely distributed in the tem- perate regions of both the Old and the New World, particularly abundant in South Africa and Australia, a few extending beyond the arctic circle. 12 Several of the species are valued as forage plants. Cultivated oats, Avena sativa, is the best-known ex- ample of this tribe. Holcus Linn., in part.* Trisetum Pers. * Aira Linn. * Avena Linn. * Weingaertneria Bernh. * Arrhenatherum Beauv.* (Corynephorus Beauy.) Danthonia DC.* Deschampsia Beauv.* TRIBE X.—Chloridee. Spikelets one- to several-flowered in one-sided spikes or racemes ; these racemes digitate or fasciculate, rarely solitary; flowering glumes usually keeled, entire and unawned, or toothed, and with one or three straight awns. A small tribe of twenty-seven genera and one hun- dred and fifty-five species, characterized chiefly by the inflorescence, which is nearly that of Paspalum. The awnhs when present are not dorsal nor twisted, as in Agrostidee and Avenee. Chiefly natives of tropical and subtropical countries; a few are widely distributed as weeds throughout the warmer parts of the world. A number are good turf-forming grasses, and are valued for grazing purposes. One of these is the celebrated buffalo-grass of the Western plains, which is remark- able for having the staminate and pistillate spikelets separate and in unlike inflorescences, either upon the same plant (moncecious) or upon different plants (dic- cious). Capriola Adans. * Schedonnardus Steud. * (Cynodon Pers. ) Bouteloua Lag.* Spartina Schreb. * Beckmannia Host.* Campulosus Desv.* Eleusine Gaertn. * (Ctenium Panzer). Dactyloctenium Willd.* Chloris Sw.* Leptochloa Beauv.* Trichloris Fourn. * Bulbilis Raf. * Gymnopogon Beauv. * ( Buchloé Engel. ) 13 TRIBE XI.—Festucew. Spikelets two- tomany-flowered, usually hermaphrodite, pedicel- late in racemes or panicles, the latter sometimes dense and spike- like; flowering glumes usually longer than the empty ones, awnless or with one to several straight (rarely bent) awns which are either terminal or borne just below the apex. This is the largest tribe in the order, numbering seventy-six genera and about seven hundred and twenty-five species. It contains the most important meadow grasses of the temperate regions as well as the more prevalent grasses of the higher mountains within the Tropics. The genus Poa, which includes Kentucky blue-grass, Texas blue-grass, ete., numbers one hundred species, and an equal number of species are included in the genus Hragrostis. The Fescues number eighty species, and the tribe takes its name from this genus— Festuca. Orchard grass, Dactylis glomerata, is a well- known example of this tribe. Melica Linn.* Koryearpus Zea.* (Diarrhena Rat. ) Pleuropogon R. Brown. * Uniola Linn. * Distichlis Raf.* Briza Linn. * Dactylis Linn. * Cynosurus Linn. * Lamarckia Moench. * Poa Linn.* Colpodium Trin. Dupontia R. Br. Pappophorum Schreb. ~ Cottea Kunth. * Cathestecum Presl.* Seleropogon Philippi.~ Monanthoechloé Engelm.* Muproa Torrey. ~ Orcuttia Vasey.~ Gynerium HBK. Arundo Linn. Phragmites Trin.* Blepharidachne Hack. (Eremochloé S. Wats.) Triodia R. Br.* Sieglingia Bernh. Redfieldia Vasey.* Dissanthelium Trin. Molinia Schrank. Eragrostis Host. * Eatonia Raf.* Koeleria Pers.* Catabrosa Beauv. * Scolochloa Link. Graphephorum Desv.* Panicularia Fabr.* (Glyceria R. Br.) Puceinellia Parl.* Festuca Linn.* Bromus Linn. 14 TRIBE XII.—Hordee. Spikelets one- to many-flowered, usually hermaphrodite, sessile along the common rachis, forming a simple or compound spike;! glumes awned or awnless. A small tribe of twenty genera and about one hun- dred and thirty species. It is an important division, however, for it includes rye, barley, and the many vari- etiesof wheat. English and Italian Rye-grasses ( Loliwm species) are the chief meadow grasses of the tribe. Nardus Linn. * Secale Linn. Lolium Linn.* Triticum Linn. Lepturus R. Br. Hordeum Linn.* Scribneria Hack. * Elymus Linn. * Agropyron Gaertn. ~ Asperella Humb.* TRIBE XIII.—Pambusew. Spikelets two- to many-flowered (rarely only one-flowered) in racemes or panicles; empty glumes at the base of the spikelet two to several; flowering glumes many-nerved, awnless, or very rarely short-awned; culms woody, at least near the base, and perennial; leaf blade usually with a short petiole articulated with the sheath from which it finally separates. A comparatively small tribe of twenty-three genera and about one hundred and eighty-five species. The Species are confined chiefly to the region within the Tropics. Many of them are of very great importance to the natives of the countries where they grow. Manu- factured articles of bamboo, either of use or for orna- ment, are now a part of the commerce of the world. The bamboos are remarkable for their woody stems and often arborescent or tree-like habit of erowebs some of the 'Stric Tie the aes is simple when the se eaies ppiecions are one- flowered, and compound when they are more than one-flowered. 15 species attaining the height of 25 to 50m. In parts of India they form extensive forests. One species in this tribe has leaves 2 to 5 m. long by 10 to 25 em. wide; another, a Cuban species, has leaves 5 to 8em. long and as fine as a horse hair. Fleshy and edible, apple-like fruits are borne by some of the species. Arundinaria Michx. paras © a5 by opi Sa i | AMERICAN GRASSES. (ILLUSTRATED.) BY F. LAMSON-SCRIBNER. Ld 17 METRIC MEASUREMENTS AND THEIR ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS. The metric system adopted in this Bulletin is now quite generally employed in botanical and other scien- tific publications. For those unfamiliar with this sys- tem the following expression of equivalents may be useful : 1 millimetre (1 mm.)—one twenty-fifth of an inch—exactly 0.0394 inche. 1 centimetre (1 em.) nearly one-half of an inch ; 10em.—about 4 inches. 1 décimetre (1 dm.)—about 4 inches, or 3 dm. = one foot. 1 metre (1 m.) about 3 feet 38 inches—exactly 39.37079 inches. 19 Fic. 1. Tripsacum dactyloides L. GAMA-GRAss.—A stout, coarse, branching perennial 9 to 24 dm. high, with long and rather broad leaves and a spicate inflorescence, the spikes being 2 to4 on the main stem and usually solitary on the branches.—Low meadows, moist thickets, ditches, etc.; Rhode Island to Florida, Kansas, and Texas. [Mexico.] April—October. UU UWe Fic. 2. Imperata hookeri Rupr. (J. brevifolia Vasey ; I. caudata Seribn. not Trin.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 22.—A stout, glabrous perennial 5 to 12 dm. high, with strong, creeping rootstocks, flat leaves, and elongated white-hairy, densely flowered panicies.— Western Texas, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Southern California and southward. Fic. 3. Erianthus compactus Nash in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 22: 419; Britton and Brown, Ill. Fl.,1: 99. DrnseLy FLOWERED PLUME-GRASs.—A stout, erect perennial 12 to 24 dm. high, with long, narrow leaves and densely flowered, oblong, brownish or red- dish panicles 10 to 15 em. long, the branches spreading in anthesis.— Meadows and swamps, mostly near the coast; New Jersey to Vir- ginia and Tennessee, August-October. Fic. 4. Brianthus strictus Baldw.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 29.—A stout, erect perennial 12 to 24 dm. high, with long, narrow, flat leaves and strict, bearded (with awns), but not hairy, panicles, 20 to 40 em. long.—River bottoms, Tennessee and Georgia to Mississippi and Texas. September, October. SuULuL § 6>7m™s5 Fic. 5. Manisuris compressa (L. f.) Kuntze (Rottbocllia com- pressa LL. f.; Hemarthria fasciculata Kunth). Mat-Grass.—A creep- ing perennial, with ascending and usually much branched, flat- tened culms 10 to 14 dm. high, and numerous slender spikes.— River banks, southwestern Texas. [Tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres.] September. Fic. 6. Hackelochloa granularis (Sw.) Kuntze (Manisuris granularis Sw.; Cenchrus granularis Linn.); Beal,Grasses N. Am., 2:33. LIZARD-TAIL-GRASS.—A much-branched, leafy annual, 3 to 12 dm. high, with numerous slender spikes in irregular, leafy panicles.—A weed in all tropical countries, extending northward into the warmer parts of the Southern and Southwestern States. 25 Fic. 7. Blionurus barbiculmis Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 37.—A slender, erect perennial 4 to 7 dm. high, with very narrow, filiform, hairy leaves and silky-villous, solitary spikes terminal on the culm or its branches.—Rocky hills and canyons, western Texas to Arizona. [Northern Mexico.] June-September. 26 Fic. 8. Andropogon saccharoides torreyanus (Steud.) Hack; Britton and Brown, 1:103 (Andropogon torreyanus Steud.). TORREY’S SILVER BEARD-GRASS.—A variable native perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with rather long, usnally glaucous, flat leaves, and narrow silvery-bearded panicles.—Dry prairies and mesas, Kan- sas to Texas, New Mexico, and Nevada. [Mexico.] July—October. 27 Fic. 9. Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B. 8. P. (Andropogon macrourus Michx.). BRooK-GRASS.—A stout perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with dense, more or less elongated panicles, the branches usually very much crowded.—Low grounds and marshes, southern New York to Florida, southern California and Nevada. [Mexico, Lower California, Cuba, and Jamaica.] September-January. 28 Fic. 10. Andropogon virginicus L. BRooM SEDGE.—A rigidly erect perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with the culms flattened near the base, and narrow, elongated, and loosely branched pani- cles of silky-bearded racemes, for the most part partially inclosed within smooth, spathe-like bracts.—Old fields and borders of woods, usually in dry soil, Massachusetts to Florida and Texas. fCuba.] August-October. 29 a Fig. 11. Andropogon argyreeus Schultes. SILVER-BEARD or SILVERY BraRbD-GRAsSS.—A rather slender native grass 6 to 9 dm. high, with narrow leaves and silky-bearded racemes, which are in pairs, terminal on the culm or its branches.—In dry, sandy soil 1n open woods and along thicket borders from Delaware to Missouri and southward to the Gulf. August-October. 30 Fic, 12. Andropogon elliottii Chapm. ELLiorrT’s Broom SepGE.—A slender, upright perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, the plu- mose racemes in pairs or ternate and subtended by conspicuously inflated upper leaf sheaths.—Dry upland woods or low pine bar- rens, Delaware and Pennsylvania to central Florida and Texas. July—October. 31 a a sae Ee RK y = EZ SY \« ~ UUme {ra eal ys = —_—_? — Fig. 13. Andropogon scoparius Michx. LittLe BLUE-STEM.— A rather slender perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, the solitary racemes terminating the culms and branches.—Dry fields and borders of woods, New Brunswick westward to the Saskatchewan, southward to Florida, Texas, and southern California, [Mexico.] July- October. Fie. 14. Andropogon provincialis Lam. (A. furcatus Muhl.) Bia BLUE-STEM.—A stout perennial 6 to 16 dm. high, with long leaves, and rather thick spikes 3 to 10 cm. long.—From the Rocky Mountains eastward to the Atlantic and southward to the Gulf of Mexico. August-October. Especially abundant and valued for hay in the prairie regions. 33 Fic. 15. Andropogon nutans avenaceus (Michx.) Hack. INDIAN GRaAss.—A stout perennial 12 to 18 dm. high, with long leaf blades, and long, rather dense, usually somewhat nodding brewnish panicles.—Dry fields, glades, and borders of woods, Ontario to South Dakota and Manitoba, south to Florida, Texas, and Arizona. [ Mexico, Central and South America. ] July-October, 11162—No. 7——3 34 Fic. 16. Andropogon unilateralis Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:60. (Andropogon secundus Ell. not Willd.) BANNER SorGHUM.—A rather stout perennial, 6 to 12 dm. high, withnarrow, one-sided, many-flowered panicles 18 to 25 em. long, and long- awned spikelets.—Low pine lands, South Carolina, Florida. June- October. Fic. 17. Andropogon pauciflorus (Chapm.) Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:61. (Sorghum pauciflorum Chapm.), FEw- FLOWERED SorGHUM.—A rather stout, branching, leafy annual, 6 to 12 dm. high, with few-flowered panicles and long-awned spikelets.—Dry fields, Florida. [Cuba.] October. Fic. 18. Hilaria cenchroides HBK.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 68. CREEPING MeEsquitTE.—A slender, creeping perennial, with upright leafy branches 1 to 3 dm. high.—Dry prairies, mesas, and foothills, Texas to Arizona. [Mexico.] April-October, One of the most valuable of the native grasses for grazing. 37 Fic. 19. Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:69. BrLack Grama.—A smooth, branching perennial 4 to 6 dm. high, with densely flowered, usually straw-colored spikes about 5 em. long.—Dry mesas, Texas to southern California. May-September. Valued for forage, especially for grazing. [Re Sie aeessti Ther Geri Ge, | See oe 2 Ge CORTES sas Re ee Ee ee Tm TSS, SS Gee ee es ee nani RR AE RUE ERE I egiomoeSy Sceeatied ae mei gummi Sidings, penny ingyen 1B: SOS ES SSID ET eees 1 geo — PeseeT. asoudieen Cate ae senieen! Gatien 8 Luerer Lat Gfeme |) Wier. 40) Fic. 22. Reimaria oligostachya Munro in Benth, Journ. Linn. Soc.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 80. CREEPING REIMARIA.—An extensively creeping perennial, with flat leaves and upright flow- ering branches 2 to 4 dm. high, bearing two to four spikes 4 to 7 em. long.—Ditches and brackish river shores, often in water, eastern Flerida. [Cuba.] April-September. 41 ui S Sy Fic. 23. Paspalum paspaloides (Michx.) Seribn. (P. elliottii S. Wats.; P. digitaria Poir.). ELLiorr’s PAspaALuM.—A soft per- ennial grass 5 to 8 dm. high, geniculate and more or less creeping at the base, with rather broad, flat leaves and slender spikes, which are usually in pairs.—Borders of ponds and ditches and in low pine barrens near the coast, Maryland to Texas. April-August, Fic. 24. Paspalum compressum (Sw.) Nees. (P. platycaule Poir.). LOUISIANA or CARPET-GRASS.—A slender, erect, or more frequently prostrate and extensively creeping perennial, rooting at the nodes and sending up numerous leafy or flower-bearing branches 1.5 to 6 dm. high, with 2 to 6 subdigitate slender spikes and small, acutish spikelets.—Low ground and moist pastures, abundant near the coast from Virginia to Texas. [Mexico, Central and South America, and West Indies.] April-October. A valuable pasture grass, ‘suLut pF Fic. 25. Paspalum distichum L. KNnot-Grass.—A low, creep- ing, somewhat succulent perennial, with flat leaves and two spikes at the apex of the upright flower-bearing branches, which are 1 to 3 dm. high. Habit of growth resembling Bermuda- grass.—Ditches and muddy or sandy shores, Virginia and Missouri to Florida, Texas, and southern California; northward on the Pacific Coast to Oregon. [Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.] April-October. +4 Fic. 26. Paspalum setaceum Michx. SLENDER PASPALUM.— A slender, erect, or ascending native perennial, usually about 6 dm. high, with flat, often hairy leaves, and slender, small-flowered spikes.—Dry, sandy fields and pine barrens, Massachusetts to iortheastern Nebraska, Texas and Florida. April-October. Fic. 27. Paspalum leve Michx. SmoorH PASPALUM.—Peren- nial, with ascending culms, often geniculate at base, 35 to 9 dm. high, with smooth or pilose leaf sheaths and blades, and 3 to 7 spreading spikes 5 to 10cm. long. Low, often wet, ground, Rhode Island to Florida, eastern Texas and Missouri. June-—October. Soe = =e SS < | Fig. 28. Paspalum plicatulum Michx.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:90. WRINKLE-FLOWERED PaspALUM.—An erect or ascending perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with smooth or flat leaves and 5 to 7 rather densely flowered racemes. The second glume is usually plicate or wrinkled.—Dry fields and open pine woods, Georgia and Florida to Texas. [Mexico, Central and South America, and West Indies.] April-October. 47 Fic. 29. Paspalum difforme Le Conte; Vasey Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1886, 286.—A stout perennial, from creeping rootstocks. Allied to P. floridanum, but less robust, with shorter leaves and spikes.—Dry pine barrens near the coast, North Carolina to Florida and westward to Texas. June-October. E2P2LD “= CF Boa ONS 55g i —L E> lags FLORIDA PASPALUM.— Frac. 30. Paspalum floridanum Michx. A stout, erect grass 9 to 12 dm. high, often glaucous, with long leaves, smooth or villous sheaths and blades, and large spikelets. Dry or moist low ground, Delaware to Florida, Texas, Kentucky, and Indian Territory. June-October. 49 Fic. 31. Paspalum dilatatum Poir. (P. ovatum Nees). LARGE WATER-GRASS.—A somewhat coarse, leafy perennial, growing in clumps 6 to 15 dm. high, bearing 2 to 10 more or less spreading racemes of hairy spikelets.—In meadows, waste ground, and along ditches, southeastern Virginia to Florida, west to Texas; apparently naturalized. [South America.} July—October. 11162—No. 7 4 5O nN 3 a Fic. 32. Amphicarpon purshii Kunth. Pursn’s AMPHICAR- PON.—An erect, tufted perennial 3 to 12 dm. high, with hispid sheaths and leaves and contracted panicles. Fertile spikelets sol- itary and subterranean.—Pine barrens and cranberry bogs near the coast, New Jersey. August, September. 51 F1G. 33. Amphicarpon floridanum Chapm.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 100. FLorma AMPHICARPON.—A pale-green, smooth perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, from creeping rootstocks, with flat leaves and narrow panicles 10 to 20cm. long. Fertile spikelets on subterranean branches.—Moist pine barrens and sandy shores, Florida (throughout the State). July-September. Fic. 34. Eriochloa mollis (Michx.) Kunth. (Panicum molle Michx.), Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 102. Sorr Woo.-GRass.—A perennial 10 to 20 dm. high, with long, flat leaves and open panicles of numerous, more or less spreading racemes 3 to 6 cm. long.—Brackish marshes and shores, South Carolina to Florida. April-September. 53 Fic. 35, Eriochloa punctata (L.) W. Hamilt. HVERLASTING- GRAss.—A rapid-growing, smooth and somewhat succulent peren- nial, with more or less branching culms 6 to 12 dm, high, flat leaves and narrow panicles 5 to 10 em. long.—Low, rich land, moist soil, prairies, etc., Kansas to Texas and Arizona. [Tropical America, Asia, and Australia.] June-September. Fic. 36. Eriochloa lemmoni Vasey & Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,2: 101. LremMon’s WooL-GRass.—A softly pubescent peren- nial 3 to 6 dm. high, with rather broad leaves and a short panicle composed of about 6 spreading spikes 2 to 3 em. long.—Arizona. [Northern Mexico.] August-November. Ze 3mms Fig. 37. Panicum lineare Krock (Panicum glabrum Gaud.; Syntherisma linearis Nash). SMOOTH CRAB-GRASS.—A slender, glabrous annual 1.5 to 3.5 dm. high, with culms which are much branched below, flat leaves, and 2 to 6 slender diverging spikes.— Naturalized in waste and cultivated land; Nova Scotia to Ontario and South Dakota, south to Floridaand Texas. [Europe.] August- October. 56 Fig. 38. Panicum serotinum (Walt.) Trin. (Syntherisma sero- tina Walt.; Digitaria serotina Mx.). LITTLE CRAB-GRASS.—An extensively creeping annual or biennial, with flat, hairy leaves, and slender spikes digitate at the apex of the ascending culms, which are 1 to 3 dm. high.—Low, sandy ground, roadsides, pas- tures, and cultivated fields near the coast, Delaware to Missis- sippi; on baliast at Philadelphia. June-August. 57 Fic. 39. Panicum gracillimum Scribn.; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 146. SLENDER Panrcum.—A slender perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with very narrow, elongated leaves and small, glabrous spikelets, racemose along the main axis and its branches, which are approximate near the apex of the culm. Outer glumes gla- brous.—High pine lands, Lake County, Florida. (1192, Nash.) July. 58 Fic. 40. Panicum pheothrix Trin. Sp. Gram. Icon, 91. SIL- VERY PANIC-GRASS.—A slender perennial about 9 dm. high, with long, narrow leaves and very slender, rather loosely flowered racemes 10 to 20 em. long, approximate near the apex of the culm. Onter glumes densely hairy.—High pine lands, Florida. (Nash, 1155.) ([Brazil.] July. De “SESttiwe, BE PSS og Fic. 41. Panicum paspaloides Pers.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 114. SouTHERN WATER-GRASS.—A rather stout, smooth, and more or less branching perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, oftea creeping at the base, with long, flat leaves, and ten to twenty alternate, one-sided spikes2 to 3 em. long.—About ponds and in standing water, south- ern Florida; Texas. [In tropical countries of both hemispheres, } May-July. 60 Fic. 42. Panicum lanatum Rottb. (P. leucopheum HBK.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 111. CoTron-Grass.—A rather stout, more or less branching leafy perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with narrow, soft-hairy panicles.—Cultivated ground, river banks, and coral soil on keys, central and southern Florida; on ballast at Mobile, Ala. [Widely distributed in tropical America; Australia; Africa.] May-October. Fic. 43. Panicum grossarium L.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 116. JAMAICA CRAB-GRASS.—Apparently an annual, with much- branched, ascending culms3 to 6 dm. long, broad, lanceolate leaves and spreading panicles of afew simple racemes of glabrous spike- lets.—Ballast ground, Philadelphia. Adventive. [West Indies. ] September. Cultivated in grass garden, and apparently valuable. E> bu Pig. 44. Panicum texanum Buckl.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 117. Texas Minter.—A branching, leafy annual 6 to 12 dm. high, with flat leaves and narrow panicles 1.5 to 2 dm. long.— Texas. September. 63 Fig. 45. Panicum obtusum HBK.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 115. VINE MESQUITE-GRASS.—Stolonilerous perennial, the runners often 24 to 30 din. long; the upright flowering branches 3 to 6 dm. high. Panicle of three to five erect racemes, bearing rather large obtuse spikelets.—Irrigated lands, low valleys, chiefly in the shade of trees and shrubs, Kansas and Colorado to Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and southward. June-September. 64 Fic. 46. Panicum stenodes Griseb. (P. anceps strictum Chapm. ) ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 126. SMALL-JOINTED PANIC-GRASS.—A slender, erect, glabrous perennial, with wiry stems 5 to8 dm. high, rigid, involute leaves, and narrow, simple panicles 4 to 8 cm. long.—Moist, sandy pine barrens near the coast, Florida to Texas. [Cuba and San Domingo.] July—October. 65 Fic. 47. Panicum gibbum Ell. Gripeous Panic-GRAss.—A stoloniferous, branching perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with narrowly lanceolate, flat leaves, and densely flowered spike-like panicles 10 to 15 em. long.—Low, wet grounds, Virginia to Florida, Tennes- see, Louisiana, and Indian Territory. [Cuba.] June-—October, 11162—No. 7 5 66 2amms. Fic. 48. Panicum melicarium Michx. (P. hians EIll.); Beal, Grasses N, Am., 2 : 127.—A smooth, slender, usually erect peren- nial 2 to 5 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and simple, open panicles 6 to 15 em. long.—Moist pine barrens and marshes, North Carolina to Florida, Missouri, Indian Territory, and Texas. March—October. 67 Fic. 49, Panicum verrucosum Muhl. WartTy PANIC-GRASS.— A slender, branching perennial, with flat leaves and few-tlowered spreading panicles 7.5 to 20 em. long.—Low, rich woodlands, mostly near the coast, New England to Florida, west to Tennessee and Louisiana. May-October. 68 Fie. 50..Panicum filipes Scribn. in Heller, Contrib. Herb. Franklin & Marshall Coll., 1: 13 (1895).—A slender, more or less branching and leafy, glaucous annual (?) 3 to 7 dm. high, with rather long, flat leaves and diffuse capillary panicles 15 to 30 em. long.—Dry grounds, western Texas and (?) Mexico. May-July. 69 A smooth and usually much-branched, native annual, with rather coarse, spreading, or ascending stems 6 to 18 dm. long, flat leaves and diffuse terminal and lateral panicles.—Low ground, ditches, etc., Maine to Illinois and Nebraska, south to Florida and Texas. [Cuba]. March-October. Fic. 52. Panicum repens L.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 127. CREEPING PANIC.—An extensively creeping, maritime grass, with rather stift leaves and rigid, upright, flowering stems or branches 2 to5 dm. high.—Sea beaches, southern Alabama to Louisiana. [Tropical and subtropical coasts of both hemispheres.] A good sand-binder. Fic. 53. Panicum anceps Michx. FLAT-STEMMED PANIC.— A rather stout perennial, with flattened stems 6 to 12 dm. high, long leaves, smooth or pilose sheaths, spreading panicles and pointed spikelets.—Low woods and thickets, marshes and banks of streams, Pennsylvania to Illinois, Missouri, Indian ‘Territory, Texas, and Florida. July-—October. Fic. 54. Panicum virgatum L. SwitcH-GRass.—A stout, erect perennial 9 to 15 dm. high, usually forming large tufts, with strong, creeping rootstocks, long, flat leaves, and ample, spreading panicles.—Sandy soil, usually along streams and about ponds and lakes, Maine and Ontario to North Dakota, Colorado, Arizona, Texas, and Florida. [Mexico.] July—October, 73 Fic.55. Panicumamarum Ell. BirTER PANIC-GRaAss.—A stout, coarse perennial 3 to 12 dm. high, from strong, creeping rootstocks, with rather long (30 to 40 em.), rigid leaves and many-flowered, open panicles 10 to 30 cm. long.—Sandy beaches, coast of southern New England to southern Florida. July-November. A good sand binder. ihr is. 2 Paice boise SSE Beal. Goes KK. 4 203 Stms0 Sane — seem, eles perennial 2 ap 12 mands an 4) om ome —in cones. Texas Ge Steere [Mie ae Josep. A wale ey come Gor alislie sos. Pic. 57. Pamicem spkeerocatpor Ell; Britt amd Brew. DL Fl. 1-16 Boow-siowsezp Paw —A aniied, erect, or ascending perennial > tr @) cm. high. with raster bread. imm and mearly erect eat blades Giiiuse mamy—fewered panicles amd small. rounded spikelens—Dry oc monet wowis ami teids. Wane te southern Ontarie, Wiscensim, Indism Territery. Tesas, amd Pleriéa. [Mexicw and Guatemala] Maz—Orctoler. 16 Fig. 58. Panicum boreale Nash; Britton and Brown, Il. F1., 1: 119. NorTrHERN PANIC-GRASS.—An erect, finally branching perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with flat leaves and open, spreading panicles 4 to 8 cm. long.—Damp soil, Newfoundland and Ontario to Maine, New York, and Minnesota. June-August. (ez Fic. 59. Panicum barbulatum Michx. BEARDED-JOINT.— Culms 3 to 9 dm. high, finally much-branched, slender, smooth, except the nodes, which are conspicuously barbed with reflexed, white hairs, panicle ovate-pyramidal, spikelets numerous, small.— Bogs, wet meadows, and low woodlands, southern New York to Illinois, Florida, and New Mexico. Fie. 60. Panicum columbianum Scribn. sp. nov. AMERICAN PaNIc-GRASS.—A slender, erect, much-branched, pubescent or gla- brous perennial, with short (usually 3 to 4 em. long), lanceolate, ascending, acute leaves, and small-flowered, diffuse, oblong or subpyramidal panicles. Spike-lets about 2mm. long. Branches finally erect, numerous, flower-bearing.—Dry, sandy fields, mead- ows, and open woodlands, New England southward to the Caro- linas, and westward to Tennessee and Alabama, mostly near the coast; also in California. June-August. Fic. 61. Panicum nashianum Scribn. sp. noy. (allied to P. demissum Trin.). NaAsn’s Panic-Grass.—A slender and_ finally much-branched, leafy perennial 1 to 3.5 dm. high, with flat and rather short leaves, which are ciliate on the margins toward the base, and open pyramidal panicles, the flexuose branches widely spreading orreflexed. (4,029 Curtiss (1893), and 466 Nash (1894). )— Low pine barrens, often in moist ground, near the coast, Virginia to Mississippi. [Brazil.] Mareh—October. 8G WWE Fic. 62. Panicum longipedunculatum Scribn.; Bull. Tenn. Agr. Exp. Station, VII, 1:53. LoNG-sTALKED Panic.—A slender, cespitose perennial 1.5 to 3 dm. high, with short, chiefly radical, pilose leaves and diffuse, small-flowered, long-exserted, hairy panicles.—Dry or moist pine barrens and damp woods, apparently rare, eastern Tennessee to eastern North Carolina and Florida. May-August. Fie. 63, Panicum colonum L. JunGLE Rice.—An erect or ascending, more or less branching annual 3 to 6 dm. high, wiht flat leaves and five to ten, densely flowered, one-sided spikes, 1 to 3 em. long, racemose along the main axis.—Ditches and low ground, Southeastern Virginia and Tennessee to Florida, Texas, and southern California. [Widely distributed in tropical and sub- tropical regions of the Old World.] June—October. 11162—No. 7——6 82 Fic, 64. Panicum crus-galli L. BARNYARD-GRASS.—A coarse, ascending or erect, leafy annual 3 to 15 dm. high, with dense pant- cles and with the third glume awnless to long-awned.—Almost everywhere in the United States in barnyards, waste ground, and river banks. Throughout the warmer regions of both hemis- pheres. Flowers all summer. % S E Sa) Fic. 65. Cheetochloa viridis (L.) Seribn. (Panicum viride L., Setaria viridis Beauv.). GREEN FoxTaiL.—A_ branching, leafy annual 3 to 6 dm. high, with bristly, densely many-flowered, spike-like panicles 5 to 10 em. long. Bristles usually green and spikelets smaller than in Yellow Foxtail (Chetochloa glauca).—A weed in cultivated and waste grounds; naturalized from Europe. June-October. s+ Fic. 66. Cheetochloa corrugata (Ell.) Seribn. (Panicum corru- gatum Ell.; Setaria corrugata Schult.). RouGH FoxtraiL.—A rather slender annual 3 to 9 dm. high, usually much branched below, with flat leaves and bristly, spike-like panicles 3 to 10 cm. long.—Usually in cultivated land, Georgia and Florida. May- October. 85 Wwe Fic. 67. Cheetochloa composita Scribn. (Setaria composita HBK.?). BRANCHING FoxTaiL.—A stout perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with broad, flat leaves, and branching, bristly panicles 10 to 25em. long. Spikelets 3mm. long; second glume one-third shorter thanthe fourth. (No. 3617, A. H. Curtiss. )— Shell islands and keys, sometimes in old pineapple fields, southern Florida, [West Indies, ] July—October. a fos IS Fic. 68. Chzetochloa italica (L.) Seribn. (Setaria italica Beauv.). ITALIAN MILLET or HUNGARIAN-GRASS.—A stout and rapidly growing leafy annual 10 to 24 dm. high, with large com- pound, nodding, bristly, and nearly cylindrical panicles 20 to 40 em. long —In cultivated and waste land, escaped from cultivation or adventive here and there throughout the country. [Europe, Asia.] July, August. 87 Fic. 69. Cenchrus tribuloides L. Sanp Bur.—An annual, with spreading or ascending, much-branched, compressed culms usually about 3 dm. high, and terminal racemes, of 6 to 20 bur- like involucres.—Sandy fields, waste ground, river banks, and sea beaches, Maine and Ontario to South Dakota and Colorado, south to Florida and southern California. [Mexico and South America. ] June—October. 88 Fic, 70. Cenchrus myosuroides HBK.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:160. LONG-SPIKED BuR-GRASS.—A stout perennial 6 to 8 dm. high, more or less branching and geniculate below, with flat leaves and long, cylindrical spikes 12 to 20 em. long.—Waste ground, introduced; southern Florida to Texas. [Mexico, South America.) August-January. 89 Vic. 71. Pennisetum setosum (Sw.) Rich.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 166.—A stout, branching perennial 9 to 12 dm. high, with flat leaves and dense, bristly, cylindrical spikes 10 to 15 em. long.—Southern Florida. [Widely distributed in tropical coun- tries.] September. 90 Fic. 72. Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze (J/sche- mum secundatum Walt.; Stenotaphrum americanum Schrank.). MIsSION-GRASS.—Extensively creeping perennial, with hard, flat stems, rather broad leaves, and upright, flowering stems 1.5 to 3 dm. high.—Muddy or moist sandy shores and marshes along the coast, South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. [Widely distrib- uted in tropical America and the Pacificislands.] April-October. oa = Fic. 73. Luziola alabamensis Chapm.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 172.—An aquatic, stoloniferous grass, the upright culms 0.5 to 1.5 dm. high, with long, narrow leaves and the staminate and pistillate spikelets in separate panicles.—In springy places and rivulets in the pine barrens, southern Alabama, [Cuba,] June- October. 92 Fic.74, Homalocenchruslenticularis (Michx. ) Scribn. (Leersia lenticularis Michx.). CATCH-FLY-GRASS.—A rather stout, branch- ing perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with widely spreading, broad leaf blades, diffuse panicles, and large, ciliate spikelets.—Marshes and wet thickets, near the coast, Virginia to Texas, and in the Missis- sippi Valley from southern Illinois and Missouri to Louisiana. August, September. 93 Fic. 75. Homalocenchrus hexandrus (Sw.) Britton; Beal Grasses N. Am., 1: 179 (Leersia herandra Sw.).—A rather slender, usually erect, branching grass 6 to 12 dm. high, with narrow, many-flowered panicles 10 to 15 cm. long.—In swamps and ditches near the coast, North Carolina to Florida and Texas. [In all tropical and many subtropical countries.] May-—September. Fic. 76. Homalocenchrus oryzcides (Sw.) Poll. (Leersia ory- zoides Sw.); Britton and Brown, I]. Fl.,1: 129. Rice CuT-Grass.— A rather stout, rough, and much-branched grass 6 to 12 dm. high, with open, pale-green or straw-colored panicles 12 to 25 cm. long.— Along streams and ditches and in marshes, usually in the open, Nova Scotia and Ontario to Washington, Florida, and Texas. [Europe and Asia.] August-October. 95 a Fic. 77. Homalocenchrus virginicus (Willd.) Britton, (Leer- sia virginica Willd.). Wutrr-Grass.—A slender, erect, or ascend- ing, usually much-branched, perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with narrow leaves and simple panicles 8 to 12 cm. long.—Moist thick- ets and low woods, usually along streams, Maine and Ontario to South Dakota, southward to Florida, and Texas. May—October. 96 Fic. 78. Homalocenchrus monandrus (Sw.) Britton (Leersia monandra Sw.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 179. SLENDER CurT- GRASS.—A slender, sparingly branched grass with somewhat wiry culms 3 to 6 dm. high, and usually glaucous leaves.—Keys of south Florida (in coral soil) and in southern Texas, [Mexico, West Indies, and South America.] February—May. Fig. 79. Phalaris amethystina Trin.; Beal. Grasses N, Am., 2: 183. PURPLE CANARY-GRAsSsS.—A stout annual 4 to 9 dm. high, with broad, flat leaves, and ovoid or oblong, densely-flowered ter- minal panicles.—Oregon to California and southward to Chile. June. 11162—No. 7——7 Fig. 80. Phalaris caroliniana Walt. (P. intermedia Bosc.). SOUTHERN CANARY-GRASS.—A comparatively slender species 3 to 6 dm. high, with rather short, flat leaves, and ovoid, densely flow- ered, capitate panicles 2 to 5 em. long.—River bottoms and wet places, South Carolina to Indian Territory, Texas, Nevada, Cali- fornia, and Oregon. April. oo SS aS SS —— nee == <> SS FiG. 81, Phalaris angusta Nees (P. intermedia angusta Chapm. ). CALIFORNIA Timotuy.-—A stout grass 6 to 14 dm. high, with nar- row, densely flowered, spike-like panicles 6 to 12 em. long.—In wet places, South Carolina and Louisiana to southern California. [South America.] May. Cultivated to a limited extent in the Southern States. 0) 100 Fig. 82. Anthoxanthum odoratum IL. SWEET VERNAL- Grass.—A sweet-scented grass, with slender, erect, tufted culms, flat leaf-blades and narrow, spike-lke terminal panicles.—A bun- dantly naturalized in lawns, fields, and waysides from Newfound- land and Ontario to North Carolina and Tennessee. [Europe, northwestern Asia, and northern Africa.] May-September. Fic. 83. Savastana odorata (L.) Seribn. (Hierochloé borealis R. &S.). VANILLA-GRAssS.—A slender, sweet-scented, stoloniferous perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with short culm-leaves and brownish, open panicles. The flat leaves of the sterile shoots are 1 to3 dm. long.—Newfoundland and New Brunswick to southern New York, west to Minnesota and Iowa; in the Rockies from British America south to Arizona and Mexico; Alaska southward in the mountains to Oregon. [Cooler temperate regions and high mountains of both hemispheres. | April—-August. 102 <= Fig. 84. Savastana macrophylla (Thurb.) (Hierochloé macro- phylla Thurb.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 187. VANILLA-GRASS.—A rather stout, native perennial 6 to 10 dm. high, with long and broad leaves and loosely flowered panicles, usually about 4 inches long.—Coniferous woods, California and Oregon. | ‘arch—May. LARGE-LEAFED 103 Fic. 85. Aristida stricta Michx. Wure-GRASssS.—A rigid, erect wiry perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with narrow, involute leaves and strict, spike-like panicles about 30 em. long.—Dry pine barrens near the coast, Virginia (?) and North Carolina to Mississippi, often covering extensive tracts and forming the bulk of the pasturage. July—October. Fia. 86. Aristida palustris (Chapm.) Vasey (4. virgata palus- tris Chapm.). SWAMP POvERTY-GRAss.—An upright, rigid peren- nial 6 to 15 dm, high, with long, narrow leaves, and slender, interrupted, spicate panicles 30 to 70cm. long.—Moist places near the coast in the pine barrens, South Carolina to Texas. [Cuba.] August-October. 105 Fig. 87. Aristida gossypina Bose (4. lanata Poir.). WooLy Poverty-Grass.—A rather stout perennial, with simple stems 6 to 12 dm. high, and narrow panicles 30 to 60 cm. long. Lower sheaths usually wooly.—Dry pine barrens, mostly near the coast, Delaware to Texas and Indian Territory. September-November. Fic. 88. Aristida tuberculosa Nutt. LLONG-AWNED POVERTY- Grass.—A rigid, much-branched perennial 3 to 4.5 dm. high, with nearly simple panicles 10 to 18 em. long. The widely spread- ing, nearly equal awns 3 to 4 cm. long.—Dry, sandy soil, near the coast, Massachusetts to Mississippi; also in Illinois, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. August—October. Fic. 89. Stipa spartea Trin. PoRcUPINE-GRasS.—A stout, erect perennial, with simple culms 6 to 10 dm. high, long, narrow leaves and few-flowered panicles. The strong, twisted awns are 8 to 15 cm. long, and at the base of the flowering glume is a long, pointed, and bearded callus.—Prairies, Mlinois to Colorado, north to Mani- toba and British Columbia, June-August. 108 “SU Ud v Fie. 90. Stipa kingii Boland. (Oryzopsis kingii Beal, Grasses N, Am., 2: 229).—A slender, erect, cxespitose perennial 2 to 4 dm. high, with involute, filiform leaves and contracted panicles 8 to Awns scabrous.—California and (?) Nevada. 12 em. long. 109 Fic. 91. Stipa mongolica Trin.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 227 (sub Oryzopsis).—A slender, densely tufted perennial about 3 dm. high, with short, setaceous leaves and loosely few-flowered pan- icles. Awns plumose.—Mountains of Colorado, [Eastern Asia. } 110 Fic. 92. Oryzopsis melanocarpa Muhl. BLack MOUNTAIN Rice.—A rather stout, long- and broad-leafed perennial 3 to 9dm. high, with narrow, simple panicles of a few, large spikelets.—Open rocky woods, sometimes on cliffs, Quebee and Ontario to Dela- ware, Kentucky, Missouri, and Minnesota. July-September. UU CL Fic. 93. Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. \WuiItk MOUNTAIN Rice.—A slender perennial 1.5t0 5 dm. high, with narrow, simple panicles 6 to 10 em. long. The basal leaves, which are 5 to 7 mm. wide, often overtop the culm.—Woods, Newfoundland, Massachu_ setts and New Jersey, to Minnesota and British Columbia, and southward in the Rockies to New Mexico. Aprii-July. a ——_—— = Fic. 94. Oryzopsis fimbriata (HBK.) Hemsl.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 231.—A slender, tufted perennial 5 to 8 dm. high, with very narrow, involute leaves and loosely flowered panicles 10 to 13 cm. long.—In canyons and under limestone cliffs, mountains of western Texas to California. [Mexico and Lower California. ] July-September. Fig. 95. Oryzopsis exigua Thurb.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 227. Lirrte MounTAIN RicE.—A slender native perennial 1.5 to 3 dm. high, with filiform leaves, and narrow, simple, few-flowered panicles 2 to 5 em. long.—Among rocks in canyons and on moun- tain tops, Montana and Wyoming to Utah, Oregon, and Washing- ton. June-August. 11162—No. 7——8 114 ULUL G | | b Fic. 96. Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. & Rupr.) Thurb. SMALL- FLOWERED Mountain Ricr.—A slender, erect perennial, usually about 6 dm. high, with narrow leaves and small-flowered, open panicles 8 to 16 cm. long.—Woods, river bluffs, and mountain sides, South Dakota to Nebraska, Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. June-August. Fic. 97. Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt. (Stipa membranacea Pursh, not Linn. ; Oryzopsis membranacea V.). INDIAN MILLET.—A native perennial, growing in bunches 3 to 7 dm. high, with narrow, involute leaves and peculiarly branched, diffuse panicles 12 to 15 em. long.—Grassy slopes, dry hillsides, sandy river banks, about springs in deserts, in cultivated fields, etc., South Dakota to New Mexico, California, and British Columbia. [Mexico.] May-Sep- tember. 116 Fic. 98 Milium effusum L. Wiip MiLiet.—A pale-green perennial, with simple enlms 6 to 14 dm. high, broad, flat, spread- ing leaves and difinuse panicles 15 to 18 em. long.—Woods and ravines, Cape Breton Island to western Ontario, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Minnesota. [Europe, Asia.] June, July. Vie. 9. Mublenbergia diffusa Schreb. Nowere Wi1.—A low, slender perennial, with ascending, much-branched wiry culms 3 to 6 dm- long, flat leat-blades and narrow, rather densely flowered panieles.—In shade in thickets, borders of woods, waste ground about dwellings, ete , Maine and Ontario te Minnesota, Kansas, Texas, and Florida. [Mexico(?)] Amgust—Janmary (im Louisiana). Fic. 100. Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. MEXICAN DRop- sEED.—An upright or ascending, usually much-branched perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with a scaly, creeping rootstock, numerous, flat leaf blades and contracted, densely flowered panicles.—Sandy or rocky banks of streams and low thickets, New Brunswick and Ontario to North Carolina, Indian Territory, and South Dakota. 129 Fic. 101. Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) B. 8. P. (MZ. willde- novii Trin.). SLENDER-FLOWERED DROPSEED.—An erect, simple or sparingly branched perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with creeping, scaly rootstocks, flat leaf blades and rather few-flowered, linear panicles.—Rocky woods, Massachusetts to Ontario, Minnesota, Texas, Alabama, and Virginia. August, September. 120 \\\ Fic. 102. Muhlenbergia sylvatica Torr. WoopLanpd Drop- SEED.—A perennial, usually much-branched grass 6 to 9 dm. high, with strong, scaly rootstocks, flat leaves and narrow, densely flowered panicles 5 to 15 em. long.—In rocky woods, and wooded banks of streams, New Brunswick and Ontario to North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Kansas, and Minnesota. August—October. 121 Fic. 103. Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B.S. P.; Britton and Brown Ill. Fl., 1: 143 (/. glomerata Trin.). Wi1Lp TIMOTHY.— A rather stout, upright perennial, with very tough and densely scaly rootstocks, nearly simple culms 6 to 9 dm. high, and densely flowered, narrow panicles 5 to 10 em. long.—Moist meadows and low grounds, Newfoundland to New Jersey, Missouri, Arizona, and British Columbia. June-September. 122 Fic. 104. Muhlenbergia pringlei Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Am. - 2: 257.—An erect, densely cxespitose, wiry perennial, with simple culms 3 to 4 dm. high, involute-filiform leaves and slender, con- tracted, often purplish panicles 6 to 10 em. long.—Canyons, basins, and shaded ledges, mountains of New Mexico and Arizona. [Mexico.] May-September. 123 b Fia. 105, Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn. in Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 259 (M. texana Thurb. not Buckley).—A much-branched native perennial, with slender, somewhat wiry stems 3 to 6 dm. long, rather short, narrow leayes, and diffuse panicles. Valuable for grazing and for hay.—Dry mesas and table-lands, Texas to Ari- zona, Nevada, and California. [Mexico.] Angust, September. 124 Fic. 106. Muhlenbergia gracillima Torr. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 261.—A densely tufted perennial, with slender culms 2 to 4 dm. high, numerous involute basal leaves and open capillary pani- cles 10 to 15 cm. long.—Dry plains, Kansas to Colorado, Texas, and Arizona. July—October. Fic. 107. Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb.; Britton and Brown, Ill. Fl., 1: 146.—A rigid, native perennial 3 to 4.5 dm. high, with firm, sharp-pointed leaves and open panicles about 15 cm, long.—Dry soil, sand hills and plains, Nebraska to Utah, Texas and Arizona. July—October. 126 ca Fic. 108. Muhlenbergia filiculmis Vasey; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 267; Beal,Grasses N. Am., 2: 250. THREAD-LIKE MUHLEN- BERGIA.—A low, tufted perennial with filiform scape-like culms 1.5 to 3.5 dm. high, setaceous radical leaves and narrow, spike-like panicles 2 to 5 em. long.—Sandy soil, Ute Pass, E] Paso County, in moist prairies at Como, Park County, and on the mesas at Twin Lakes, Lake County, Colorado; alt. 2,000 to 3,000m. July-Sep- tember. Fic, 109. Muhlenbergia schaffneri Fourn; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 239.—A low, cwspitose, branching annual 2 to 10 cm. high, with short leaves and simple, spike-like panicles. Awn of the flowering glume 1 to 7 lines long.—‘‘ Dry, gravelly patches of thin soil,” mountains of Arizona and New Mexico. [Mexico. ] September. 128 Fie. 110. Muhlenbergia virescens (HBK.) Trin.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 242.—A rather slender, erect perennial about 6 dm. high, with long, narrow leaves and a strict, pale-green or straw- colored panicle about 15 em. long.—At an altitude of 1,800 to 2,400 m. on the mountains of Arizona and New Mexico. [Mexico. ] May, June. 129 Fie. 111. Muhlenbergia gracilis Trin.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 242.—A slender, but rather rigid, densely ciespitose perennial 1.5 to 6 dm. high, with narrow, involute leaves, and contracted panicles 8 to 15 em. long.—Ascending to 2,700 m. or more, Texas to Arizona, Colorado, and Wyoming. [Mexico.] June-September. 11162—No, 79 ANU My Fic. 112. Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv. (B. aris- tatum R.& 8.). BEARDED SHORT-HUSK.—A perennial, with simple culms 3 to 9 dm. high, flat, spreading leaf blades and tew-flowered, simple, terminal panicles.—Open, rocky woods, Newfoundland to North Carolina, Alabama, Missouri, and Minnesota and Ontario. May-August. 131 Fic. 113. Heleochloa schcenoides (L.) Host (Phleum schen- oides L.; Crypsis schenoides Lam.). RUSH-LIKE TiIMOoTHY.—A diffusely branching cespitose annual 1 to 3 dm. high, with in- flated sheaths, rather short, spreading leaves, and densely flow- ered ovate, or oblong, spike-like panicles.—Waste ground about New York City, Philadelphia, ete., sparingly naturalized. [Europe and Asia.] July, August. 132 Fig. 114. Phleum pratense L. Timorny.—A perennial with erect, simple culms 3 to 12 dm. high and dense, cylindrical, spike- like panicles 2.5 to 10 em. long.—Widely cultivated and completely naturalized in fields, waysides, and waste ground throughout the United States and British America. [Europe and Asia.] June- August. 133 Fic. 115. Alopecurus geniculatus L. FLOATING FoxTatn.—A slender perennial, with culms decumbent and branched at base, then erect or ascending, 1.5 to 6 dm. high, flat, spreading leaves and dense, spike-like, slender panicles 2.5 to 7.5 em. long.—Wet meadows, banks of streams and ditches throughout the United States, and from Newfoundland to British Columbia. [Europe and Asia.] April-September, 134 Fic. 116. Alopecurus pratensis L. Mrapow FoxtTaiL.—An erect, smooth perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with short, creeping root- stocks, flat, spreading leaf blades, and dense, cylindrical, spike- like panicles 5 to 10 em. long.—Naturalized in fields and meadows, Labrador to southern New York, Ohio and Michigan; also Oregon, Idaho, and California. [Europe, Asia, and Africa.] June, July. 135 Fic. 117. Alopecurus occidentalis Scribn. (A. pratensis alpestris A. Gray). Mountain Foxtart.—An erect, rather slender grass 6 to 9 dm. high, with shorter and thicker heads than those of Meadow Foxtail.— Wet meadows and banks of streams, high moun- tains of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Colorado. June-Septem- ber. A valuable hay grass. 136 Fic, 118. Phippsia algida (Soland.) R. Br.; Britton and Brown, Ill. Fl.,1: 150. Puippsta.—A low, tufted, glabrous peren- nial 2 to 10 em. high, with narrow, soft, and flat leaves and con- tracted, simple panicles.—Arctic North America and on the highest mountain peaks of Colorado. [Greenland, arctic Europe, and Asia.] July, August. 137 UU9 Fic. 119. Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth (Agrostis asper Michx.). PrRarrie-GRAss.—A rather slender perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with usually long, involute-filiform leaf blades and con- tracted, linear panicles 5 to 15 em. long.—In dry, sandy soil, open woods and glades, Long Island to Florida, west to Texas, Missouri, and Illinois. August-October. Avoided by stock ex- cepting when young. 138 F1G. 120. Sporobolus longifolius (Torr.) Wood; Britton and Brown, Ill. Fl., 1: 151. LONG-LEAFED SPOROBOLUS.—A stout per- ennial 3.5 to 10 dm. high, with very long, attenuate-pointed leaves, and strict, spike-like panicles 3 to 10 inches long, which are more or less included in the inflated leaf sheaths.—Dry, sandy soil, Maine to Pennsylvania, South Dakota and Utah, south to Texas and Florida. August-October. 139 F1G. 121. Sporobolus heterolepis A. Gray. STRONG-SCENTED SporoBoLus.—A rather stout, somewhat wiry, cespitose peren- nial 6 to 9 dm. high, with very long basal leaves and loose, open panicles.—In dry soil, prairies, etc., Connecticut to Quebec, Iowa and Nebraska and Wyoming, thence south to Texas and north to Assiniboia and Saskatchewan. August, September. 140 Fic. 122. Sporobolus interruptus Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 286.—A rather stout, erect perennial with simple culms about 4 dm. high, flat leaves and narrow but loosely flowered panicles 10 to 18 em. long.—In forests, mountains of Arizona. August, September. 141 FiG. 123. Sporobolus floridanus Chapm.—A rather stout, erect perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with long, narrow leaves and difiuse panicles2.5to5cem.long. Pedicelscapillary ; spikelets purplish.— Moist pine barrens near the coast, North Carolina to western Florida. July-September. 142 Fig. 124. Sporobolus curtissii (Vasey) Small. (S. floridanus cur- tissit Vasey ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 290).—A wiry, erect perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with very long leaves and loosely flowered, open panicles 15 to 25 cm. long.—Moist pine barrens, northeastern Florida. July—November. 143 Fic, 125. Sporobolus compressus (Torr.) Kunth. (Agrostis com- pressa Torr.). FLAT-STEMMED SPOROBOLUS.—A Ciespitose peren- nial, with short, scaly rootstocks, flattened culms 3 to 6 dm. high, rather long, conduplicate leaves and open, capillary panicles 10 to 30 em. long.—In bogs and pine barrens, Long Island and New Jersey. September, October. 144 <—— SEE AE LEB Fic. 126. Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. Smut-GRass.—A tufted, wiry, erect perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with simple culms and narrow, densely flowered, spike-like panicles 10 to 30 ecm. long.—Abundantly naturalized in waste ground, waysides, fields, and pastures, Virginia and Tennessee to Florida, Arkansas, Texas, and California; oceasional in the Eastern cities. [Native or nat- uralized in all tropical countries.}] March-September. Fic. 127. Sporobolus airoides Torr. FINE-ToOP SALT-GRASS.— A stout, coarse, and rigid perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with long, nar- row leaves and open, spreading panicles of many small spikelets.— Moist or dry, usually saline or alkaline soil in deserts, prairies, along streams, in meadows, etc., Nebraska and Kansas to Idaho, California, Texas, and Arizona. [Mexico and Lower California. ] July-September. 11162—No. 7——10 146 Fic. 128. Sporobolus argutus (Nees) Kunth (Vilfa arguta Nees.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 301.—A cxespitose perennial 2 to 4 dm. high, with flat leaves and open (at first strict) panicles 3 to 5 em. long.—‘‘Sand dunes and sandy flats near river banks,” Kansas and Colorado to Texas and western Louisiana, also in southern Florida. [Mexico and West Indies.] May-September. 147 UUES Fic. 129. Sporobolus confusus (Fourn.) Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 294.—A slender, branching, tufted annual 0.8 to 2 dm. high, with loose sheaths, flat leaves, and capillary, ovoid or oblong panicles 8 to 15 em. long.—Sandy banks of streams, moist places in sandy plains, canyons, ete., Texas to California, and in Colo- rado and Montana. [Mexico.] July-September. 148 Fic. 130. Hpicampesrigens (Boland.); Benth.; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,2: — (Cinna macroura Thurb. not Kunth; Vilfa rigens Boland. not Trin.). DrEER-GRASS.—A stout, erect perennial, with rigid, wiry culms 9 to 12 dm. high; long, narrow leaves and very long, narrow, and densely flowered spike-like panicles.—In the foot- hills, Texas to Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Cal- ifornia. [Mexico.] July-November. A bunch-grass of some agricultural value. 149 Fic, 131. Bpicampes ligulata Scribn. sp. nov.—A stout, rigid perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with narrow, very scabrous leaves and strict, rather densely flowered panicles 20 to 40cm. long. Leaves long-attenuate pointed, rigid, and subinvolute at the base, where they are much narrower than the rigid ligule, which is 10 to 30 mm. long. Spikelets dark purple, glumes subequal.—Cool slopes and canyons, mountains of New Mexico and Arizona. [Mexico.] Au- gust, September. 150 is a Se FIG. 132, Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. BrARD- GRASS.—A smooth annual from a few centimeters to 6 to 9 dm. high, with awned 1-flowered spikelets crowded in dense spike- like panicles.—In fields and waste places, sparingly naturalized along the Atlantic Coast from New Hampshire to South Carolina; abundantly on the Pacific Slope from California to Vancouver Island, and in Arizona, Nevada, and Colorado. [Europe and Asia.] April-October. 151 > Fic. 133. Limnodia arkansana (Nutt.); Dewey in Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb., 2: 518 (Greenia arkansana Nutt.; Thurberia arkansana Benth.).—A slender annual 2 to 6 dm. high, more or less geniculate at the lower nodes, with soft, flat leaves and narrow, loosely flowered panicles 8 to 18 cm. long. Outer glumes sea- brous or pilose.—Shell banks, woods, etc., western Florida to Arkansas and southern Texas. April-June. 152 \ Fic. 134. Cinna arundinacea L. INDIAN REeED.—A tall, leafy grass 9 to 21 dm. high, with simple culms, flat leaf blades, and ample terminal panicles—Shaded swamps, banks of streams and low thickets, Newfoundland to North Carolina, Alabama, Texas, South Dakota, and the Northwest Territory. May-September. 153 Fic. 135, Agrostis humilis Vasey (4. varians Trin. ? not Thuill.). —A dwarf, slender perennial6 to 12 cm. high, with short, flat leaves and contracted, purplish panicles 2 to 3 em. long.—Moist meadows, or mossy and springy places, at 2,100 to 3,000 m. altitude on the mountains of Colorado, Wyoming, Washington, Oregon, and Mon- tana. August, September. 154 Fie. 136. Agrostis coarctata Ehrh. (Stolenifera coarctata Reichb).—A creeping perennial with slender culms, the upright branches about 3 dm. high, short, flat leaves and narrow, rather densely flowered panicles 5 to 10 em. long.—Damp soil and sands along the coast, Newfoundland to New Jersey. [Europe.] July-— October. A fine-leafed, excellent turf-forming species, valuable for lawns, 155 “8 » @S> Fic. 137. Agrostis densiflora Vasey; Contrib. U. 8. Nat. Herb., 3: 72 (1892); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 326. DENSELY-FLOWERED Brent.—A rather stout, cespitose perennial 1.5 to 4.5 dm. high, with short and comparatively broad leaves and densely, many- flowered, almost spike like panicles 3 to 8 em. long.—Oregon and California, along the coast, apparently rare. July, August. if 6 On Fic. 138. Agrostis pringlei Scribn. sp. nov.—A strongly stolo- niferous grass, with rather slender, upright or ascending culms 3 to 6 dm. high, narrow and rather rigid flat leaves, and loosely flowered, narrow panicles 5 to 15 em. long. Flowering glumes much shorter than the acuminate outer ones, and remarkable for the long hairs on the callus.—Plains, Mendocino County, Cal- ifornia (Pringle), and northward to Oregon (?). August. 157 V Fic. 189. Agrostis diegoensis Vasey (A. foliosa Vasey); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 328.—A strong-growing, leafy perennial 6 to 10 dm. high, from creeping rootstocks, with pale-green, narrow, and many-flowered panicles 15 to 20cm. long. Spikelets 2 to 3mm. long; flowering glume short-awned or awnless; palea wanting.— Mountains of southern California to Washington. May-August, 158 SUMS Fic. 140. Agrostis elliottiana Schult. (4. arachnoides E1l.). SPIDER BENT-GRASS.—A low, branching annual, rarely exceeding 3 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and diffuse, capillary panicles. The flowering glume bears a long and very slender awn.—Dry hillsides and old fields, South Carolina to Kentucky and Missouri, south to Florida and Texas. April, May. 1558) Fic. 141. Gastridinm lendigerum (L.) Gaudin. (G. australe Beauv.; Milium lendigerum Linn.). NIT-GRASS.—A smooth annual 1.5 to 6 dm. high, with flat leaves and a strict, spike-like panicle 6 to 12 cm. long; cultivated for ornament.—Hills, naturalized, Cali- fornia and Oregon; also in Texas. [Southern Europe.] June, July. 160 = Fic. 142. Calamagrostis crassiglumis Thurb.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 353 (as a var. of C. neglecta).—A rigid, erect perennial 1.5to4 dm. high, from creeping rootstocks, with long basal leaves and dense, oblong, spike-like panicles 4 to 6 cm. long.—Wet ground and gravelly lake shores, California to Vancouver Island. July, August. Fic. 143. Calamagrostis breviseta (A. Gray) Seribn. ; Britton and Brown Ill. Fl., 1: 164 (C. pickeringii A. Gray). SHORT- AWNED ReEED-GRASS.—A slender perennial 3 to 5 dm. high, with flat leaves and narrow or subpyramidal, rather densely flowered purplish panicles 8 to 12 em. long.—Moist ground, Newfoundland, Cape Breton Island, and Labrador to New Hampshire, Vermont, and Massachusetts. July, August. 11162—No. 7——11 162 Fia. 144. Calamagrostis deschampsioides Trin. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 339.—A slender perennial with culms 1.5 to 3 dm. high, from creeping rootstocks, with narrow leaves 3 to 7 cm. long and open, pyramidal panicles 4 to 8 em. long.—Pribilof Islands, Alaska, southward to California. [Kamchatka.] August. 163 Fic. 145. Calamagrostis aleutica Trin.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 346.—A stout, erect perennial 6 to 15 dm, high, with long and rather stiff, flat leaves and densely many-flowered, narrow pani- cles 15 to 30 cm. long.—Along the seashore, in rocky or marshy places, Alaska and Unalaska to California. June-September. Fic. 146. Calamagrostis tweedyi Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 348.—A stout perennial 7 to 10 dm. high, with rather broad, flat leaves and densely flowered, spike-like panicles 8 to 12 cm. long.—Cascade Mountains, Washington. Fic. 147. Calamagrostis bolanderi Thurb.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 352.—A stout perennial 6 to 15 dm. high, with flat leaves 10 to 30 em. long and expanded, dark-purple panicles 8 to 20 em. long.—Moist woodlands, northwestern California. August. 166 Fic. 148. Calamagrostis howellii Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 339.—A densely cespitose, erect, leafy perennial 2.5 to 5 dm. high, with long and narrow basal leaves and open panicles 8 to 15 em. long. Spikelets long-awned.—High mountains, Oregon and Washington. June-August. 167 Fira. 149. Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link (4. arundinacea Host.). BEACH-GRASS, MARRAM-GRASS.—A coarse, erect perennial, with creeping rootstocks, rigid culms 6 to 12 dm. high, long leaves, and narrow, densely flowered, spike-like terminal panicles 12 to 25 em. long.—Sandy coasts of the Atlantic from New Brunswick south to Virginia, and shores of the Great Lakes. [Europe.] July- October. 168 4mm Pia. 150. Calamovilfa brevipilis (Torr.) Scribn. (Arundo brevi- pilis Torr.), SHORT-HAIRED REED-GRASS.—A_ rather slender, smooth perennial 9 to 12 dm. high, with very narrow leaves and open panicles 8 to 24 cm. long.—Sandy swamps in the pine bar- rens of New Jersey. August, September. 169 ASS eS er SS ee ————S ee Ss = Fic. 151. Holcus lanatus L. VELVET GRass.—A perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with creeping rootstocks, flat leaves, and open panicles 5 to 8 cm. long; usually densely pubescent all over with soft, whitish hairs.—Introduced into this country from Europe with other grasses and now widely distributed. May—August. 170 as Fic. 152. Aira caryophyllea L. SiLtvery Hair-GRass.—A slender, tufted annual 1 to 3 dm. high, with short leaves and small-flowered, open panicles 2 to 8 cm. long.—In sandy waste places, Massachusetts to Virginia; also on the Pacifie Coast. In- troduced from Europe. May-August. Pe Fig. 153. Aira preecox L. EARLY WILD OAT-GRASS,—A tufted, erect or ascending annual 2 to 12 em. high, with a contracted panicle 1 to 2 em. long.—Introduced and sparingly distributed in the Middle States near the coast, growing in sandy soil. Also on Vancouver Island. [Europe.] May-July. Fig. 154. Deschampsia holciformis Presl.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 370. CALIFORNIAN Hatr-Grass.—A stout, erect perennial 6 to 15 dm. high, with long and rather rigid basal leaves and densely flowered, more or less interrupted panicles 12 to 24 em, long.—Moist meadows, California near the coast. April. 173 Fic. 155. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. Turrep Hatr- GRaAss.—A slender, erect perennial about 6 dm. high, with involute- setaceous, radical leaves and diffuse panicles.—Labrador south- ward along the mountains to North Carolina and Tennessee, and westward from New York to Wisconsin. [Greenland and Europe. } May-August. Fic. 156. Deschampsia elongata (Hook.) Munro; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 371. SLENDER HAIR-GRASS.—A slender peren- nial 3 to 12 dm. high, with narrow panicles 15 to 38 cm. long.— Montana to British Columbia and southward on the Pacific Slope to Mexico. May-Aucust. 175 Ney Fic. 157. Deschampsia calycina Presl (dira danthonioides Trin.). OAT-LIKE HAtR-GRASS.—A rather slender, erect, cxespitose grass from 1 to 7 dm. high, with more or less spreading panicles.— Native along the Pacific Slope from Canada to California, east- ward to Utah, and southward through Mexico to Peru. April- July. Fic. 158. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele. Moun- TAIN HAIR-GRASS.—A slender, alpine grass 1.5 to 4 dm. high, with flat leaves and few-flowered, nodding panicles 3 to 12 em. long.— Labrador, White Mountains, Adirondacks, Rocky Mountains in Colorado, northward to Alaska. [Northern Europe and Asia. ] July-September. ih. Fic. 159. Trisetum palustre (Michx.) Torr. MARSH Oat- GRASS.—A slender, loosely tufted perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, with flat, soft leaves and loosely flowered, nodding, and yellowish green panicles.—On moist rocks, along brooks, in wet meadows, etc., Massachusetts to Illinois, south to Florida and Louisiana; British Columbia. April-June. 11162—No, 7——12 Fic. 160. Trisetum subspicatum (L.) Beauv. (Aira subspicata L.). Downy Oat-GRass.—A slender, erect perennial 1.5 to 4.5 dm. high, with usually downy culms and leaves and densely many-flowered, spike-like panicles.—Widely distributed in the cooler temperate regions of both hemispheres, ranging in North America from Labrador to Alaska and extending southward in the Eastern States to the mountains of North Carolina and Tennes- see, and in the West to New Mexico and California. June-Sep- tember. 179 Fic. 161. Trisetum montanum Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 379, Rocky Mountatn Oat-GRass.—A slender, erect, or ascend- ing native grass 3 to 8 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and many-flowered, more or less contracted panicles 8 to 12 em. long.— Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico. July, August. 180 Fic. 162. Trisetum interruptum Buckl.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 376, under JT. elongatum. SLENDER OAT-GRASS.—A Slender, erect annual 2 to5 dm. high, with rather short, soft leaves and narrow, elongated panicles 4 to 10 cm. long.—Colorado to Texas, Arizona, and southern California. March—May. 181 Fic. 163. Trisetum canescens Buckl.; Brewer and Wats., Bot. Calif., 2: 296. Strvery Oat-GRass.—An erect perennial 3 to 12 dm. high, with flat leaves, and more or less densely flowered pan- icles 12 to 18 em. long.—In dry, open ground, open woods, thickets, and wet meadows, California to British Columbia, east to Mon- tana. May-September. 182 Fig. 164. Trisetum cernuum Trin.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 379. NODDING OAT-GRASS.—A slender perennial 6 to 10 dm. high, with rather broad, flat leaves and loosely flowered, nodding pani- cles 12 to 20 cm. long.—Alaska to northern California and east- ward to Idaho. May-July. 183 MU Le Fic. 165. Avena americana (Scribn.) (4. pratensis var. ameri- cana Seribn.; A. hookeriSeribn.). AMERICAN OaT.—A rigidly erect perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with narrow, firm leaves, and con- tracted panicles 8 to 12 cm. long.—Open thickets and prairies, Manitoba, and in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains south- ward to Colorado. June-August. 184 Fig. 166. Avena mortoniana Scribn.; Bot. Gaz., 21: 133. MortTon’s Oat-GRAss.—A densely cespitose, erect perennial 1 to 2.5 dm. high, with rather rigid leaves and narrow, simple pani- cles of one- to two-flowered spikelets.—At 3,900 to 4,200 m. alti- tude, mountains of Colorado. August. 185 Fic. 167. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. (Avena elatior L.). TALL Oat-GRAss.—A loosely tufted perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with flat leaves and narrow, loosely flowered panicles 15 to 20 cm. long.—Introduced from Europe as a fodder grass. Valuable; in Europe regarded as one of the best meadow grasses. May, June. 186 ‘ b % Fia. 168. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. (Avena spicata L.). WILD OaT-GRASss.—A smooth, slender, erect perennial 2.5 to 5 dm. high, with a few-flowered, narrow panicle spreading only in flower.—Common in dry, thin soils from Canada southward to the Gulf States and westward to Texas. May-September. 187 Fic. 169. Danthonia compressa Austin. TENNESSEE OAT- Grass.—A slender, erect, tufted perennial 2 to 6 dm. high, with long, narrow root leaves, and few-flowered open panicles.—Moun- tain regions of eastern Tennessee and North Carolina northward to Canada, June-August. 188 Fic. 170. Danthonia sericea Nutt. SitKy OaT-GRASs.—A rather stout, erect perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with usually pubes- cent sheaths, rather rigid leaves, large spikelets, and terminal, few-flowered panicles.—Open woodlands in dry soil, Massachu- setts and New Jersey to Florida and west to Tennessee and Ala- bama. May, June. 189 wa OL Fic. 171. Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze (Panicum dactylon L. ; Cynodon dactylon Pers.). BERMUDA-GRAsS.—A creeping perennial, with upright or ascending, leafy flowering branches 1 to 6 dm. high.— Widely dispersed over the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world, in the United States from Pennsylvania south- ward to Florida and westward to Texas and California. April— October. (The name Capriola may belong to Panicum sanguinale.) 190 Sas SS == S22 ( Trachynotia 172. Spartina polystachya (Michx.) Ell. FIG. polystachya). A stout, erect perennial 12 to and terminal panicles of twenty ists hs SALT REED-GRA 27 dm. high, with long, flat leaves to 10 em. long.—Brackish D to fifty crowded, ascending spikes July—October. sippi. marshes along the coast, Maine to Missis 191 5 Une, . Ty S&S Fic. 173. Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Willd. FREsHwatrrR Corp-Grass.—A stout, erect grass 6 to 18 dm. high, with un- branched, smooth culms from strong, scaly, creeping rootstocks, long, tough leaf blades, and five to twenty spikes, forming a ter- minal panicle.—River banks and lake shores, also brackish coast marshes, Maine and Nova Scotia to Assiniboia and Oregon, south to New Jersey, western Tennessee, Texas, and Colorado. July- October. 192 Fic. 174. Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. (Dactylis patens Ait.; Spartina juncea Ell.). Fox-Grass.—A rather slender and some- what wiry grass 3 to 6 (rarely 9) dm. high, with two to four slen- der, erect or widely spreading spikes.—Salt marshes and sandy shores along the coast from Newfoundland to Florida and west- ward to Texas. June-September. 193 SUL p Fic. 175. Spartina gracilis Trin. WrsTERN Corb-GRASs.—A comparatively slender, perennial species 3 to 9 dm. high, with flat leaves, and three to nine rather short, appressed spikes.—Mead- ows, Swamps, and river bottoms, especially in alkaline soils, South Dakota to Kansas, west to British Columbia, Nevada, and Cali- fornia. March—August. 11162—No. 7 13 Fig. 176. Spartina junciformis Engelm. & Gray (S. densiflora Brongn. (?); S. gowini Fourn.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 400. RUSH-LIKE SPARTINA.—A stout perennial 6 to 15 dm. high, with very long, narrow leaves and short, appressed spikes, which form a cylindrical, spike-like inflorescence 10 to 30 cm. long.—Brack- ish marshes along the Gulf Coast, Key West, Florida to Texas. [Mexico and Chile.?] June—Octover. 195 FiGc.177. Spartina stricta maritima (Walt.) Scribn. (Daetylis maritima Walt.; Spartina glabra Muhl.). CREEK SEDGE or Tuatcu.—An erect and often stout salt-marsh grass from 6 to 24 dm. high, with long, flat leaves and few to many, erect, appressed spikes.—Along ditches and creeks of the salt marshes of both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. July—October. 196 TINA 2B Fig. 178. Campulosus aromaticus (Walt.) Trin. (lgilops aromatica Walt.; Ctenium americanum Spreng.). TOOTHACHE- GRASS.—An erect perennial 9 to 12 dm. high, from strong, lemon- scented and pungent rootstocks, with narrow leaves and usualiy a single, terminal, curved, pectinate spike 4 to 10 cm. long.— Southern Virginia to Florida and westward to Mississippi. July, August. Fic. 179. Campulosus chapadensis Trin. (Clenium chapadense Doell).—An erect perennial 8 to 12 dm. high, with narrow leaves and usually single, terminal, more or less curved spikes. More slender than C. aromaticus, with narrower glumes, and more deli- cate and longer awns.—Florida, in the ‘flat woods” regions. July-October. Fic. 180. Chloris glauca (Chapm.) Vasey (Eustachys glauca Chapm.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 408. SmoorH CHLORIS.—A strong-growing perennial, with diffusely spreading and ascending culms 6 to 12 dm. long, bearing 10 to 25 slender terminal spikes. Culms and sheaths strongly flattened.—Brackish marshes and along the borders of cypress swamps, Florida. July-September. 199 Fig. 181. Chloris neglecta Nash in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club., 22: 423.—A rather stout perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with compressed, glabrous culms and sheaths, flat leaves 10 to 35 em. long, and four to six terminal spikes 8 to 12 cm. long. Closely allied to and much resembling C, floridana.—Low pine lands, Florida. October. 200 Fic. 182. Chloris petreea Sw.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 408 (sub. C, swartziana Doell). SEASIDE FINGER-GRASS.—A creeping, glaucous perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with obtuse, flat leaves and three to eight slender spikes 4 to 7 cm. Jong.—Southern Florida to southeastern Texas. [West Indies and Central and South Amer- ica.] March-October. 201 Fie. 183. Chloris floridana (Chapm.) Vasey (Hustachys flori- dana Chapm.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 407.—A smooth, rather slender perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with compressed culms and sheaths, flat leaves and one or two spikes 6 to8 cm. long. ‘The spikes in this and in C, neglecta are stouter than in C. petrea.—Dry, sandy soil, Florida. July—October. 202 Fic. 184. Chloris cucullata Bisch.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 407.—A rather slender, cespitose perennial 2 to 4 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and eight to twelve spikes digitate or umbel- late at the apex of the culms. Uppermost glumes cucullate.— Sandy plains, Texas to Arkansas. March-September. 203 Fic. 185. Chloris verticillata Nutt. WINDMILI-GRASS.—A low, spreading perennial, with rather stout, upright flowering branches 1.5 to 5 dm. high and numerous widely spreading, slender spikes 8 to 13 em. long.—Prairies, Kansas to Texas. A good turf former. May-September. FIG. 186. Chloris elegans HBK. (C. alba Presl); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 403.—An erect perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with slightly inflated sheaths, flat leaves and eight to twelve silky-bearded spikes, clustered or umbellate at the apex of the culms.—Dry mesas and desert hills of western Texas, southern Arizona, New Mexico, southern California and southward. Anornamental grass. June-November. ‘ Fig. 187. Chloris polydactyla (L.) Sw. (Andropogon polydac- tylon L.). MANyY-SPIKED CHLORIS.—A rather stout, leafy peren- nialabout6 dm. high, with numerous, more or less flexuose, brown- ish spikes 8 to 13 cm. long.—Florida. [West Indies and South America. | 206 Fic. 188. Chloris texensis Nash in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23: 151.—A smooth, glaucous perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, the crowded lower sheaths compressed, with flat leaves and five toeight slender, terminal, digitate spikes 10 to 18 cm. long.—Texas. [Mexico?. ] 207 Z SS SSS WS Sv ; : LLLLZEZ Fic. 189. Trichloris blanchardiana Scribn. (7. fasciculata Fourn.).—A rather stout perennial 5 to 10 dm. high, with long, narrow leaves and many, slender, bearded spikes, which are fasci- culate or subdigitate at the apex of the eulm.—Dry plains and mesas, Texas to Arizona. May—September. = = id — * Pos WA Thedioss piedies Foren Wert sip weep Tet TAR — + cao. peice Ge 2 doe ici wih lem. fa AE ae ews ae. ee howe lees apiece * it Som lene. Syfkeies: dee ae feerfewers—_tjomiiese and ween Temes [Werte] Ware = > aaa Wee = i GS Geese 2a - 210 Fic. 192. Gymnopogon brevifolius Trin. SHORT-LEAFED BEARD-GRASS.—A slender, loosely tufted and many-jointed peren- nial, with erect or ascending culms 3 to 6 dm. high, short, flat leaves and numerous very slender spikes, which are naked toward the base.—Dry or moist pine barrens near the coast, New Jersey to Mississippi. August-November. 211 Fic, 193. Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease; Brit- ton and Brown, Ill. Fl., 1: 179 (S. teranus Steud.). TEXAN CRAB- GRAss.—A low, diffusely branching annual, with short, narrow leaves and slender, paniculate spikes. Thetufted stems vary from 1 to 9 dm, long.—Dry prairies, Illinois to Texas and New Mexico, north to Assiniboia and Manitoba. April—October. Fic. 194. Bouteloua uniflora Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2; 426. ONE-FLOWERED GRAMA.—A slender, erect perennial 3 to 4.5 dm. high, with narrow, long-attenuate-pointed leaves and numer- ous (twenty-five to seventy-five), spreading or deflexed one-flow- ered spikes approximate along the common axis.—Southwestern Texas. September. Fig. 195, Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. (B. racemosa Lag.). TALL GraMa or SipE Oats.—A densely tufted perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with numerous (twenty to sixty), usually spread- ing or reflexed spikes scattered along the common axis, forming a long, somewhat one-sided raceme 20 to 40 em.long.—Dry fields, hillsides, and prairies, New York and Ontario to New Jersey, Mississippi, Texas, California, and Manitoba. [Mexico and Cen- tral and South America.] May-—October. 214 Fic. 196. Bouteloua aristidoides Thurb.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 425. Six-weEKS Mesquir.—A slender, densly tufted and much branched annual (?) 1 to 3.5dm. high, with short, narrow leaves, and three to twelve very narrow and few- (sometimes only one-) flowered spikes.—Texas to southern California. [Mexico and Lower California.] August, September. 215 Fic. 197. Bouteloua texana S. Wats.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 426. TEXAN GRAMA.—A densely ciespitose, usually glabrous per- ennial 2 to 3 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves, and two to ten short, many-awned spikes, approximate on the common rachis.— Dry soil, Texas and Indian Territory to Arkansas. March, April. Fic. 198. Bouteloua havardi Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 424, Havarp’s Grama.—A perennial, with strong rhizomes, upright culms 2 to 4 dm. high, and four to six short, silky-villous spikes approximate on the common rachis.—Sandy plains, rocky hills, canyons, about springs, ete., Texas to Arizona. [Northern Mex- ico.] April-September. Fic. 199. Bouteloua eriopoda Torr.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 421. WooLy-JOINTED GRAMA.—A slender, branching, and some- what wiry perennial with wooly-jointed stems 2 to 3.5 dm. long, with three to six slender, spreading, and rather loosely flowered spikes 1.5 to 2.5 em. long.—Dry, gravelly soil, Texas to Arizona. [Northern Mexico.] August, September. 218 Fic. 200. Bouteloua ramosa Scribn.; Vasey, Grasses of the S. W., 1:44. Wiry Grama.—An erect or ascending perennial, with branching and many-jointed culms 3 to 4.5 dm. high, short, narrow, spreading leaves, and one to three spreading and more or less arcuate spikes 1 to 3 cm. long.—In canyons, mountains of southwestern Texas. [Northern Mexico.] August, September. Fic. 201. Bouteloua breviseta Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 420. SHORT-AWNED GRAMA.—An erect, somewhat wiry and densely cxespitose perennial 2.5 to 3.5 dm. high, the lower inter- nodes covered with a thin white bloom. Leaves very narrow, 2 to4cm. long. Spikes one to three, erect or somewhat divergent, about 2 cm. long.—Southwestern Texas. September. 220 Fic, 202. Bouteloua vestita (S. Wats.) Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N.Am., 2: 419. Harry Grama.—A tufted annual, with erect or ascending slender culms 3 to 6 dm. high, with short, flat leaves and two to eight ascending, many-flowered, hairy spikes about 2 em. long.—Sandy banks of streams and “benches” on mountain sides, western Texas to southern Arizona. [Mexico.] September, October. 221 Fic. 203. Bouteloua rothrockii Vasey. ROTHROCK’s GRAMA.— A densely cxspitose perennial, with erect, simple or sparingly branched leafy culms 1.5 to 2 dm. high, and five to nine more or less spreading, densely flowered spikes 2 to 3 em. long.—Sandy plains, mesas and foothills, Arizona. [Mexico.] Angust, September. Fic. 204. Bouteloua oligostachya (‘Nutt.) Torr. BLUE GRaMa.—A slender perennial 1.5 to 5 dm. high, with one to five re- mote, pectinately many-flowered, usually spreading spikes 2.5 to 5 em. long.—Wisconsin to Montana, north to Manitoba and Al- berta, south to Texas, Arizona, and southern California; also at Tampa, Fla. [Mexico.] June-October. 223 Fic. 205. Bouteloua hirsuta (HBK.) Lag. Bristty MEs- QquiT.—A cespitose perennial 1.5 to 4 dm.high, with erect or ascending culms, flat leaves, and one to three more or less spread- ing, densely flowered spikes 2 to 4 cm. long.—Dry prairies and sandy plains, Ilinois and Wisconsin to South Dakota, Nevada, Arizona, and Texas, and (?) southern Florida. [Mexico and Lower California.] July-September. Fig, 206, Bouteloua trifida Thurb.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 421, SMaunL GRaMa.—aA delicate perennial 1 to 3 dm, high, with short, narrow leaves, and three to seven ascending spikes usually about 2 em. long.—Mesas and sandy plains, Texas to Arizona. {Northern Mexico.] May-October. Fic. 207. Bouteloua burkii Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 422. Burk’s GramMa.—A slender, tufted perennial 15 (rarely 30) em. high, with short, spreading leaves and slender, horizontal spikes 1 to 2 em. leng.—Sandy plains and dry mesas, western Texas. [Northern Mexico.] April—July. 11162—No. 7——15 226 Fic. 208. Beckmannia eruceformis (L.) Host (Phalaris eruce- formis Linn.). SLOUGH-GRaAss.—A stout, erect, subaquatic peren- nial 3 to 12 dm. high, with narrow panicles composed of many, densely flowered one-sided spikes.—In sloughs and along the banks of rivers and streams, western Ontario to Iowa, California, British Columbia, and Alaska. [Europe and Asia.] June-Sep- tember. 227 Fic. 209. Hleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. GoosE or Yarp- GRASS.—A coarse, tufted annual, with erect or spreading stems 1.5 to 6 dm. high, and two to five digitate spikes 5 to 7 em. long.— Waste or cultivated ground, New Jersey to Ohio and Kansas, south to Florida and Texas. [Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries.] June—October, Fic. 210. Dactyloctenium egyptium (L.) Willd. (Cynosurus egyptius L.; Dactyloctenium egyptiacum Willd.). CRowrFoort- GRASS.—A low, tufted or creeping grass, with ascending flower- ing stems rarely 3 dm. high, and three to five digitate spikes 2 to 5 cm. long.—Waste or cultivated ground, southern New York to Illinois, south to Florida and Texas, west to California. [Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of both hemis- pheres.] May-—December. 229 Fig. 211. Leptochloa spicata (Nees) Scribn. (Bromus spicatus Nees; Diplachne spicata Doell; D.reverchoni Vasey); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 434.—A low, densely cxespitose perennial (?), with nu- merous setaceous basal leaves and a slender, scape-like culm 6 to 15cm. high.—Granitic rocks, central Texas. [Mexico and Brazil. ] May-July. Fic. 212. Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray. CLus- TERED SALT-GRASS.—An erect, ascending or more or less diffusely spreading, cxespitose, much-branched annual 5 to 6 dm. high, with numerous, erect, crowded spikes 6 to 8 cm. long.—Salt marshes along the coast, Rhode Island to Texas; saline soil in the interior, western New York to South Dakota, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas. [Mexico and West Indies.] July-September. 231 Fic. 213. Leptochloa viscida (Scribn.) Beal (Diplachne viscida Scribn.). Viscip LepTrocHioa.—A densely ciespitose and diffusely branched perennial (?) 0.5 to 3 (rarely 6) dm. high, with acute, flat leaves, and narrow, densely flowered panicles, composed of eight to twelve erect spikes.—Wet, clayey soil, New Mexico and Arizona. [Mexico and Lower California.] June-September. 232 Fie. 214. Leptochloa imbricata Thurb. (Diplachne imbricata Scribn.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 435.—A rather stout, erect or ascending perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with smooth, usually glau- cous culms, narrow, flat leaves, and numerous crowded, erect or ascending spikes 4 to 6 cm. long.—Texas to southern California. [Mexico and Lower California.] August-November. 233 Fic. 215. Leptochloa scabra Nees (L. langloisii Vasey). RoveH Lerrocuioa.—A stout annual 6 to 12 dm. high, with flat leaves and very many, crowded, slender spikes in terminal panicles 3 dm. long.—Ditches and fields, Louisiana. [Brazil.] September. 234 Fiac. 216. Leptochloa nealleyi Vasey (LV. stricta Fourn.). NEAL- LEY’S LEPTOCHLOA.—A slender, or rather stout perennial, with erect or ascending culms 4.5 to 12 dm. high, and narrow, elongated panicles of many erect or ascending spikes.—Western Texas. [Mexico.] April-June. Fic. 217. Leptochloa dubia (HBK.) Nees (Chloris dubia HBK. ; Diplachne dubia Scribn.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 437.—A rather stout and apparently perennial species, 3 to 9 dm. high, with usually eight to ten approximate spreading spikes 6 to 8 cm. long.—Southern Florida, Texas to Arizona, and southward into Mexico. April-September. 236 Eh) (\. J Fic. 218. Leptochloa pringlei (Vasey) Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 436.—A rather slender perennial 2.5 to 3.5 dm. high, with narrow leaves and four to six spikes 2.5 to 5 cm. long, approxi- mate near the summit of the culm. Spikelets two- to three- flowered.—Arizona. April, May. Fic. 219. Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth. FEATHER- GRASS.—A more or less branching annual 6 to 12 dm. high, with rather broad, flat leaves and long terminal panicles of many slender spikes.—A weed in cultivated and waste grounds, Virginia, Illinois, Missouri, Tennessee, Alabama, Texas, Indian Territory, Arizona, and California. [Northern Mexico and Cuba.] June-- October. 238 Fic. 220. Bulbilis dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf. (Buchloé dacty- loides Engelm.); Britton and Brown, Ill. Fl., 1: 183. Burrato- GrRAss.—A_ low, fine-leafed, und extensively creeping perennial, rarely more than | to 1.5 dm. high. Similar to Bermuda in habit of growth.—Dry prairies and river bottoms, Minnesota and South Dakota (ascends to1,650 m. in Black Hills), to Arkansas, southern Texas, and Colorado. [Mexico.] March-August. 239 Fig, 221, Pappophorum wrightiiS. Wats. (P. boreale Torr., not Griseb.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 448. PURPLE-GRASS.—A slen- der, branching and apparently annual species 2 to 4 dm. high, with narrow, involute leaves and densely flowered, spike-like, lead-colored or purplish panicles 1 to 7 cm. long.—Rocky hills, canyons, and open plains, western Texas to Arizona. [Northern Mexico.] July-September. 240 Fig. 222. Pappophorum apertum Scribn.; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 9: 148; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 447.—A cespitose peren- nial 3 to 8 dm. high, with long, narrow, mostly involute leaves and narrow, pale, or often straw-colored panicles 15 to 20 cm. long.—Valleys, western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. . June. 241 Fic. 223. Cottea pappophoroides Kth. Corra-Grass.—An erect, branching perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with narrow, flat, pilose leaves and oblong, open panicles 9 to 18 em. long; spike- lets two- to six-flowered, floral glumes many-parted.—In canyons, western Texas to Arizona, [Mexicoand South America.] August- October. 11162—No. 7——16 242 Fig. 224. Cathestecum prostratum Pres] (C. erectum Vasey and Hack.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 452.—An extensively creep- ing, slender perennial, with upright flowering branches 1 to 3 dm. high, narrow, flat leaves, and clustered spikelets in terminal or lateral racemes.—Dry mesas and bluffs along the Rio Grande, western Texas. [Mexico.] July—October. 243 Fic. 225. Scleropogon brevifolius Philippi (Tricuspis mon- strosa Munro; Lesourdia multiflora and L. karwinskyana Fourn. ),— A wiry, creeping perennial with densely tufted, upright, leafy branches 1 to 2.5 em. high, and unisexual spikelets: the pistillate long-awned, the staminate awnless.—Dry mesas and canyons, Colorado to Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and southward into Mexico and South America. May-October. 244 Ws < aD o> )) VY: ON Ne » NN SOE \ 2ess ree) Fic. 226. Monanthochloe littoralis Engelm. SaL_r CeDAR.— A creeping grass, with hard, woody stems, and crowded, subulate, rigid leaves 2 cm. long or less.—Rocky shores and salt marshes along the coast, southern Florida, extreme southern Texas, south- ern California. [Lower California.] May, June. 245 ys WZ ——< Zs jj. 4 = a {44 tp y 5 WW = ) j WIZ é YZ SSS = y —— LL , = > > \\ 4 <=> SN — = > LA = SY ) Fic. 227. Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr. FALSE BUFFALO- GRASS.—A low, diffusely much-branched annual, with crowded and sharply pointed, rigid leaves 0.5 to 2.5 em. long.—Prairies and dry plains, South Dakota to Texas, west to Alberta, Montana, Colorado, and Arizona. June-—October. 246 Fig. 228. Orcuttia californica Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 457.—A low, much-branched, ecxspitose annual 0.5 to 1 din. high, the numerous stems bearing three to six spikelets near the apex.—Southern and Lower California. April. 247 Fic. 229. Phragmites vulgaris (Lam.) B. S. P. (P. communis Trin. ; Arundovulgaris Lam. ; A. phragmites L.). COMMON REED.— A tall, stout, perennial grass, with stout, creeping rootstocks, numerous broad, attenuate-pointed leaves, and a large ovoid- pyramidal, purplish, terminal panicle.—Margins of lakes and rivers and in brackish coast marshes, almost everywhere in the United States and southern British America. [Widely distrib- uted in temperate regionsof both hemispheres. ] August-October, 248 2 LENG Fig. 230. Triodia eragrostoides Vasey & Scribn. (Sieglingia eragrostoides Dewey ); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 465.—Anerect, leafy perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, with long, narrow leaves and open, small-flowered panicles 2 to 3 din. long.—Rocky banks, etc., south- ern Texas, southern Florida. [Northeastern Mexico.] June- October. 249 Fic. 231. Triodia texana S. Wats.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 466.—A slender, wiry grass 3 to 6 dm. high, with very narrow leaves and loosely few-flowered, nodding panicles 10 to 15 cm. long.—Rich valley land, dry places, etc., Louisiana and Texas to Arizona. [Northern Mexico.] June-August. 250 Fic. 232. Triodia ambigua (Ell.) Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 465, sub. Sieglingia (Poa ambigua Ell.).—An erect perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and open, pyramidal panicles 10 to 20 em. long.—Dry, open, pine barrens near the coast, South. Carolina to Texas. July—October. 251 Fic. 233. Triodia albescens (Munro) Vasey (Sieglingia albes- cens Kuntze); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:469.—A ciespitose, erect perennial 4 to 7 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and densely flowered, spike-like panicles 9 to 15 em. long.—Texas. August-— October. Fig. 234. Triodia nealleyi Vasey; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club., 15 : 49 (1888); (Sieglingia nealleyi Dewey ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:470).— A slender, glaucous, cxespitose perennial, 3 to 4 dm. high, with flat or conduplicate leaves, and densely flowered, linear or ovoid pani- cles 4 to 5 em. long.—Canyons and ridges, southwestern Texas. September. 253 Sty Ubi) ip Ni WY . y/ v4 \ 7 | Ay W HB aie St) ye W | Mi Y S wy \ _ = = ZA Vy, a ) \ Fig. 235. Triodia acuminata (Munro) Vasey (Sieglingia acu- minata Kuntze); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 470.—A slender, densely tufted perennial 15 to 2 dm. high, with short leaves, and simple, dense, oblong panicles 1.5 to 3 em. long. — Poor, gravelly soil, hill- sides, ete., Texas to Arizona, north to Colorado and Indian Terri- tory. [Northern Mexico.] April-June. 254 Fig. 236. Triodia pulchella HBK. (Sieglingia pulchella Kuntze) ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 468.—A low, densely tufted and often creeping perennial 2 to 15 em). high, with very narrow leaves and crowded spikelets in clusters of three to six, which are equaled or exceeded by the upper leaves.—Western Texas to Nevada and southern California. [Northern Mexico.] February—June. 255 Fic, 237. Triplasis americana Beauv. (Sieglingia americana Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 466).—A slender, czespitose grass, with wiry culms 4 to 9 dm. high, rather short, narrow leaves, and few- flowered, simple panicles 3 to 10 cm. long; the pubescent awns 5 to 7mm. long.—Dry, sandy soil near the coast, North Carolina to Mississippi. July—October. 256 Wd OL Fia. 238. Redfieldia flexuosa (Thurb.) Vasey (Graphephorum (?) flecuosum Thurb.); Britton and Brown, Ill. FI.,1: 186. ReEp- FIELD’S-GRASS.—A stout, native perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with very long, narrow leaves and diffuse, capillary panicles 25 to 60 em. long.—Sand hills and ‘‘blow-outs,’’ Kansas and Nebraska to Indian Territory, Colorado, and Wyoming. July, August. 2—4 \ a y ¥ AX = i . N iN XQ if Be Yee ~ — ——_ y) f Fic. 239. Dissanthelium californicum (Nutt.) Benth.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 473 (Stenochloa californica Nutt.).—A slender, glabrous, branching annual 1 to 3 dm. high, with short, narrow leaves and contracted, spike-like panicles 4 to 8 em. long.—Santa Catalina Island, southern California, and Guadaloupe Islands, Lower California. September. 11162—No. 7——17 258 Fig. 240. Bragrostis neo-mexicana Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 485. CRAB-GRAsS (in New Mexico).—A rather stout, branching and leafy annual 3 to 12 dm. high, with flat leaves and ample, diffuse panicles 20 te 40 em. long.—Texas to southern Cali- fornia (ascends to 1,500 m. in Arizona). August. A valuable hay grass resembling Tett (/. abyssinica). 259 Fic. 241. Hragrostis purshii Schrad. SOUTHERN SPEAR- GRraAss.—An annual, 1 to 4 dm. high, with the erect or ascending culms diffusely branching near the base, and diffuse panicles of small, spreading spikelets.—Sandy river banks, waste ground, ete., Massachusetts and Ontario to South Dakota and California, south to Florida, Texas, and Arizona. [Mexico.] June-October. 260 Fic. 242. Bragrostis curtipedicellata Buckl.; Britton and Brown, Ill. Fl., 1: 190. SHORT-STALKED ERAGROSTIS.—A rather rigid, branching perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with flat, spreading leaves and diffuse panicles 20 to 30 cm. long. Related to £. pec- tinacea.—Prairies, Kansas, Indian Territory, and Texas. July— September. 261 Fic. 243. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Steud.—An erect, cespitose perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with a short, stout rootstock and large, spreading, red-purple panicles.—Dry, sandy soil in the open, Massachusetts to South Dakota and Colorado, south to Florida and Texas. July—October., 262 Fic, 244. Eragrostis brownei Nees (?).—A widely spreading, branching perennial, with somewhat wiry culms 2 to 5 dm. long, and narrow, simple, more or less interrupted panicles of nearly sessile, ten- to forty-flowered spikelets.—Dooryards and waste ground, Florida. [Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions.] July—October. 263 Anyi b Fic. 245, Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S. P. (Poa hypnoides Lam.; £. reptans Nees).—coegoseossenucec 70 INCH MED a6 | osenscosdecc 40 Growioot-prass essere sesreeeer= eet 228 Densely-flowered Bent -.--.-.----- 155 Plume-grass.... 21 Dog’s-tail-grass ...---.--=--------- 278 | Downy Oat-grass----..------------ 178 | Karly Bunch-grass..---.---------- 270 Wild Oat-grass...........-- 171 Watonis-Tass\------22--- 2264-2 - === 269: Elliott’s Broom Sedge.-..-..--...- 30: Raspalumess-se--ee- 41 English Ray-grass ---..------..--- 14 HM yerlashinig-p ass mse aa == 53 False Buffalo-grass .....------.--- 245 Heather-onassereeeeeeee ease er ee 237 Few-flowered Sorghum ..---..--.- 35 Fine-top Salt-grass ..-..--..------ 145 Flat-stemmed Panic .-..----.----- 71 Sporobolus. ...-...-. 148 Moat Mee O xual eee eee nee 133 Manna-grass --.----=....< 303 Florida Amphicarpon..----.-.---- 51 Paspalum ...-.- 48 Fowl Meadow-grass ..----.---..--- 299 HOSA OTASS = 5h sn oe eine semen a 192 Freshwater Cord-grass.....--.---: 191 Galletark ene cons sscweanceees eee: 8,39 (Capa GIS Soe seseaoeencdb ean soo 19 Gibbous Panic-grass ..-.--..-.---. 65 Guldenelop)..- cee eeeeeeees aera 288 \'G@Gose-prass\---<-<5--12e-45-es5aee 227 Page. Allkali-grass ..-.------------------ 285 SPCCAIOMG co scoeecases eoes 74 Jeon Om eoesssoctecacsnacsds 183 Banner Sorghum..-...-.----------- 34 TB Gif sceccoe beoonSeoosseascacsace 14 Barnyard-CLASS |= el- = - - = 82 | Beach-grass.---------------------- 167 iBearded=|Oinb ares osee se] ee ela = 77 Slort-lius kee sso 130 IBeAHRUCAS noacsleosoceaboosoasesas 150 BOLING ar Om S eee ile aie iae eee eer 189 Hie UTERUS ooo sooescecoseeaesce 32 Bitter eanic-Prass)- acc seee === = 73 iBlacksbuneh- Grasse eerie ea 38 (Eine, S3ons5eeacopposoocaae 37 MoumEa IM RCO re are = 110 IE Chemin. 6-s.05c000ss0ccnSSose5 222 PONG BAHN. Sacssesoodesccossaces 320 rane bin ek Oxtallse eee eter eee 85 ISAAK MIGSG UNE 32 seco sosess0s0e 223 | Briza-like Brome-grass ...-.-.---- 310 Broad-leafed Spike-grass....-.---- 282 MMO ROA sae soon sos ecososesesesse 27 LIMON SECM non eot oceecseseso0a0 28 Binal o-eras seer emesis eet = 12, 238 BMH JECTION «= saocsoooussonceenS 296 Iii eG) Chbele =a sos sone agodeRee 225 California Hair-grass----...--.--- 172 Californias Mimothiyen-------2-=-- 99 (ChE RAVE RISEh scSosccusencascassecs 10 Warpet-frasser . cee = eer = 42 (Chimay Bae snognesconence ou 92 (Chi Se esanessoscesnacassocqanceboo 309 (CGIchjeaneegugebe soaoc ae Bor ca 309 Clustered Salt-prauss ........-.-... 230 (Conmmonen ce dessert eee ea arr 247 Gin Kens aiichs) Gos anes oeemodbesooReuor 241 11162—No. 7——21 321 322 Page, | Page. Green Hoxtaill-n-sscseee eee ae 83 | Nealley’s Leptochloa.............- 234 Hairy Grama.....-...-.---.------- 220 | Nimble Wall---.-------._2__.-_ =. 117 (Mavamdes) Gram aijeje rsa lea = PANG}. || IN RUE ARNSS) 5 deopastsasesocondesouscse 159 JURIS, GANS scoscooocsqgcoeussecsse 11) |) Nodding Oat-orass! ss... ---2=-- = 184 Hungarian Brome-grass .-..-..--. 308 PieuroOpo SON ener seeeer ee 281 Hungarian-srass\.-22--2-2---.----- 86 | Northern Panic-grass..-.-....--.- 76 JOMebenA COW -csonesnsonnocdacossce 7 WWGUGL IPRA Cooocessce=< 318 IGTGEWNETENS 5 Soc aaconebooosecsceEs 33 | Oat-like Mair-grass -.--.---2------ 175 INEilleteie cam eoseee Sete TS 4) Oabs aie 3 Soe a eae 12 INO eaniseadaooas aebor sooo 152 | One-flowered Grama ....-.-...---- 212 ItalianmVnille tiseer arses S6n FOnchand-omasswesasee-peeeeseeee 13, 287 IBPNECINS co-caoqudecoscace 149) Paleitanmarenass ses sae seiner altar 301 IRivie= Snags ease sesciae = eee Su! || IPMN OSE ossos sassenosseosnsenecee 136 Jamaica Crab-grass.....----..---- Gieeoncupine-crass)s-eeeseeeeeeee seer 107 Afb aed) Ieee qosasamaneasassoosoccos Gl |) IPIACEOIPISS scone senaoneoeaopoSse 137 Kelloge’s Spear-erass...----...--- 292 SPeal-SvaASS essere sees 295 Kentucky Blue-grass .....-.--- 13,291 | Purple Canary-grass.....-....-.-- 97 IKMOt=SrASS ass cease s-\eicere coe a 430 Sbiirpleoras Sse eee ees eeeee 239 Large-flowered Melica ....----.--- 278 | Pursh’s Amphicarpon ......-.---- 50 Large-leafed Vanilla-grass..-..-.-- 102) Quaking-orass)-- 2-22: 22522-------- 286 Large Water-grass......---.------ 49 | Rattlesnake-grass --..-.....------ 302 Lemmon’s Wool-grass .-.----.-.--- nay PRedfieldiscomassee-s-ee esses sees 256 Jon HIS TNT 6 ooo cooeeasecose Bye |) TRC INGORE cessoe sssc00astSenucec 305 (One DISS scopoocsnsssosd=o5 56 Meadow-grass ..-....------- 298 aizard-taillorass) se) aera eee ce 24) | RESCUC-2T ASS cae =a ela 311 Long-awned Poverty-grass -..-.---- T8,)) IRWCS coo sce cosesecdseesoonoerooocEs 9 Long-leafed Sporobolus -..----.--- 19S Rice Out-onass ee --e s e 94 Long-spiked Bur-grass--.---------. 88 | Rocky Mountain Oat-grass ..--..-- 179 Long-stalked Panic .-.--...------- 80 | Rothrock’s Grama ....-.----------- 221 WWOWISIAMA-STASS = -ml i al-le === JO) | (ROMAN MG peeil ceo se cocosseacsose> 84 IM@iZ6n aes cc seeeaeeee eee 7 ieptochl Oates ease eee 233 Many-flowered Trichloris......... 208 Round-flowered Panic .-.-..------- 7 Many-spiked Chloris...........--. 205 | Rush-like Spartina..--...-.-.-..-. 194 Marram orassssececeeeee esses eer ee 167 AUTON? ssactocosssces- 131 Marshy Oat-grass'..--.------------ Gt || Riyerec oe cacistee rine an sess 14 Miat:orass\s-- 2 25-eecetpmescc sere 23 || WRiyes erage. see eet si eeiseins see 313 WG@AOOuyY INGHCWGE). 5+ scoossconcesecos BANG) |} Spllis CeWleie soo seoscoscoessssecs095 244 inGye ipl sce sostbonseses 134 INGEILORASK), seadasacncoscocces 190 MexicaneDropseedeaseepeseee eer 11S) | (SandeBuite soo. c6..2ncsc se eee eeeeee 87 WWHMNeihe coeacsosssosnocgse ssecceSs6 @) || Seen Iba pMmGeeaeNe 550 soseesesosce> 319 NO IOMERNNS 12 AUDA TOUS) ere sete eee ate 209 brevitoliis ses. 210 RUCCTUOSUS ae eae 209 Gymnostichum hystrix ..---------- 320 EV NELIUM sees 42 ors mseiee stiles =o 13 Hackelochiloatssaceseecceee ee ees rt granulapisesssa- ee) 24 Heledehloassacescaoen eee eee ee 11 Schcenoldeseereaasee=e 131 Hemarthria fasciculata ..--..----- 23 LEC} NUDE caoncosescoas SRSA eats 10 BONCOUIS Ise ee Se eee ee 101 macrophylla .-=-+------ 102 Milariacsccwen soaca> eee ne Seen 8 Conchroidespe sees ease 36 FEEDER cos pacusasonsccesa8 38 WMUtiCaie sss 2 es se eine 37 MINGLE) oe ooh e sooo ecgcuesass 39 ROL CUS aaedae see coe ee ees 10, 12 lanatns!sossneme so-so eee 169 Homalocenchnuss-s---- eee ees 9 hexandrustee-- == 93 lenticularis.-.---- 92 monandrus ..-..- 96 oryzoides...-.... 94 virginicus -...--- 95 HORDE Aap eee eee eee PSs 14 Hordeum. ssc es seeeae eee 14 horeales se eee eee eee een oLS Hydrochloa .....-...-------------- 9 IERIE HMO Vigcnans comsess085255= 320 | 7 mperataieees sete eee eee Page. Imperata brevifolia ............-. 20 COUDELG ean oe ae 20 NOOKeRe see oe eee 20 Ischeemum secundatum .....--.--. 90 Se Son AR Herth 13 Kory carpus sce:22 se snes see ae 13 qiandnosisee--ee eee 280 Paeecurtioe ee comes 11 ale Sa ee oe ae 13 Phd y heeecoconaooos ses 288 SO NE IMS PSE Let TSS, 9 NELANEAO a 22 ae ee ee 93 UC PUOBTNGH US ee soncbecaueosas oy MONA: Gane eee nee 96 ONY ZOU ess aoe tee oscar 94 DUN GUTCH saa else eat eee 95 Hep tochloaessereeseece seeose ee eee 12 Gubige ts 2453. 235 fasciculaviseeesseeeee ee 230 LINDT Catan 232 langlotsit ..........-... 233 MUcron aves oee eee 237 néalleyiss Fi acta a 234 PLin@lelazee ee aes 236 SCabnas eee eeeeo oer 233 Splcatals sect ajacseee ae 229 SUNUCTOMM are ee eee ee aU Oe ViscCidanes-cesre season eal Bee coe eee eae ere re 14 bilan dentsesee eee cree ee 315 Lesourdia karwinskyana....------ 243 ANVULEULOT Ge ae ele ene ae 243 Tease Sie eee eee 11 arkansamairyss-.2 sass 151 bs Sete So Se trel tear eters 14 italicumes. 55 sacs sececcee 314 Dereune ees seer aaeee ase 313 Lophochlena refracta ......--.---- 281 SPSS cit, Pe cio slolets Stier anata eee 9 alabamensisessce--eeeeeeee 91 i eiboke ‘sig bs Sa eeeeeeeeee 11 Soh ins BSS See eee eee 7 COMPTCSSalaeseeee eee 23 ORAL S eee 24 Sm ere asia ao a eeteiste 6 Soe c me bist oun dele oie RES es 13 9 | o Page. IMeélica bulbosa=<--.s222---cssscece 279 QUAUT Cisne mas eee aoe 275 MM PCa a cawecososese ste See 275 ipehelil\ Phs- oes -Snseoose One 276 MONLET Us eer tae esa 276 Spectabilisn=sessso-se=-- cee 277 StvICha. = oc seesael occ cece 278 | IAN da aeraa SaROaO Dee eeE nee are ial effusum' >.< .ce es ceeemasere ne 116 tendigenwm)--2-— =) s\s- ne -< 159 Miscanbhirs a5 ssn sss sacaeee eee 7 IN MOSS aoe Genee BAPE ae ate eerc 13 Monanthochloé=-esese eee eae 13 liGtoraliisee= sees 244 Mihilenber Gas ates -2y= a5 == 11 diffusa ss---s2ese-5- 117 UC HUNTE! Seesoo sone 126 glomeratde==--22--5 121 eracilishs-ssace 22-1 129 gracwlimMaeesese sa 124 MeOxiCaAnal esse se 118 POMLETIeee een. 123 puInelelaessessnes—- 122 OTROS) coccesoceds 125 TACEMOSAee a2 - 8. 121 SChatineniese aaa ae 127 Sylwawicae. s---seee = 120 tenmitiorar----.2s.< 119 LELOAT Oee ease 123 | WITGSCeNSe <2 = =e 32 128 willdenovu ...------ 119 Main Tr Odicmea ee atinana acne toes e 13 SQMATEOSAN (22 -/-= 2s 5 245 Nam din Sie ye tenn esas esis ncienareei 14 SUnictaimessece sec eae eerie 312 1-4 Oho aso eg aS So RECA BSE AEE ae eee 8 @plisMONUS 22 see a5 5)<05= 302 elongata ......--...-2. 300 Amitans! ss: See oscs sec 303 MOLVA be eee eee 299 pallidaleeseeeaaeice)-isie= 301 Panicum. seeece encase ees 9 QMALTUM =o scenes cciwse 73 MMOD Wiasonegacecotosessoc 71 banbulatomimessssaeeeeee Di boreale: 2.2 us.sace seis siaanis 76 bulbosammes--as-seeeeoee 74 ColonmmMibesscseecace se 81 columbiannmiseree=eeeeee 78 COTTUG CCUM anna =) =ialaiarals === 84 Gupieeeplllht sooceseaseeeacae 82 dactylonerss-2n 3225--—- = 189 Gemissumees- oe see cee 79 MUN ES cooesos cceseasecone 68 gubbume een eee ec ai 65. QLAUT UN 2s sssncoussoeacssne% 266 borcule=peraae eee 239 CONFER LO a. ee eee 264 \ weed HOW B= eo See ace 239 CLONG Umea 300 LEER. Aeaesoskesescocsgeseco= 9, 12 (QUO TIVENCUL em nete tees eate 264 COMPTLESSUM a —ee = = — 42 hypo es se ee eee Gbigyets) = esas o5essa5e> 47 Kell gen... 2 se ee eee 292 CHS IUCH HOON em oeen pecs 41 OGM Ub pen aearinebaccscecse: 304 dulatacgunie= see. alse 49 Pravensises-e--essasee sae eee 291 Gishichtmy ss ss=.e=reee=- 43 Syl Mesbris eee eer seamen 293 GUDOUINT: memsemaes bemsoose 4] LENULfFOULO- es ote see set eee 296 flovidannmipeesa== see ecolgl [oa ELOY. (0) 00: Dna ie ae ey om BEC 9 IEW @ssccdseseusssseesse5 4501) Polypogoniacs:s-scec2 s+ s-emensoes 11 OUGHT «ape ossesenccoDer 49 monspeliensis..-....--. 150 paspaloides..----.-..-.- 41>) Puccinellia=---se- See earns ueeee 13 [QE OCUG ec sSopeecn0ce 42 TOTAL HN) en enoosaoce 304 plicatwlun se eee 46qlRedheldispe sa ese ee ee ea ee 13 Setaceumie-----2-=-----— 44 HOXMOSas 25:0 sass 256 SE OWISE U1 Eee ee ar 9: Reimaria soe =e ae eee ee 9 S€tOSuUmM!=s-==-=——----- 89 oligostachya ..+-...---.- 40 Perelle Mase sees ee nas seer ee eae A Me anda ALN i aeentinedpaeac kassacnse > 7 PHALARIDEZ -.-.---- sS5cSc0ese5c6 10 COMUDTESSO) meee eee 23 ip hall aris\eeee = see eee esl 103) Saccharum’ seseeee see eee sere 7 amethystina -........---- 9%" | Savastanatas::=.2-2 sees nese eer 10 angusta..---.------------ 99 macrophylla -s---5--= 102 caroliniana ....---------- 98 O0Orataiea sae seer eee 101 eruceformis ..--..--.---- 226)" Schedonnarduss=s ee seseeee-eeE eee 12 MNUECNTUC OU == ale a iataleteia = sae 98 paniculatus -..--.- 211 TOMAR) c asec oseoasesccssesecosese 9 UNBIDED sebecaacasc 211 TINT HUI Mama soondsoncesssoespeccuce 1S | Scleropog on-eesseer sesso eee 13 al gid ae eeeeeme- see eater 156 brevatoliusi-e=s----e— 243 JAAN so pesUsscohecsossescorsense IDE SteMoOnle, 5 oP eccesscocescess i3 PHAGE) eceonsccochesesne 132 \oS eri bneniawe eee eee ae eee 14 SCILOCTLO LILES ane 131 bolanderi 2-2) =2---=-- 315 IPE TIN A oapsbo see oeseocscase sce 13}"|) SEGRE) -osesccbsccsononccssesseece0 14 COMMUNES seen ne Pa MAKI AUDe aac cbonnaoes seco Ssecaasa== 9 WW 2 oseccScocese 247 COMUP OSD =a inten 85 Pleuropogz0Neewss eee eee eee 13 | CONNUG CUO = nae = a= 84 mefractumi==s--s-s-—= 281 italien. s2- oh Seen 86 Pleuraphis rigida......--...-...-- 39 | UMC weecnanasdosedodsbas 83 331 Page. Sieglingia acuminata .....-------- 253 ; aibescens eee: sepa ene 251 americana. ------------- 255 eragrostotdes...-.------- 248 TUAW nea bc cece obs 2250 252 FOUMANAN Gis soe soScodh] sass 254 Sorghum pauciflorum..---------- 35 Spartina: --2-—-425--- -- ==) -1 10, 12 cynosuroides -------.---- 191 GEN StLON Oi =e a 194 (GMRDIA one eos ccesseasesse 195 GOCUEDD, « saeeanosooesnocars 194 GONE . o25-scb5ccosocees 193 PUMMGRE ~ oc acoescesooessess 192 FN GLLOC ON Sree eere eee 194 }ORUGINS - Soscooosseoseccads 192 polystachya ..--..--.---- 190 stricta maritima..--.---- 195 SILO NONE). ooo Sone ebseosssace 6,11 AUIKONMIES -cescocosscaccc 145 argutus -.---.-----.-.. 146 AIS}. oa sonoma coesoosée 137 comipressus -.-.-.----- 143 COnmUSUS!s-—-= se acer 147 CuUrnbisiieese pests. 142 liloGlewnbIS -o-oas-sooece 141 heterolepis .....--..-.. 139 ECHO Eons canessdes 144 THN APTA) Seeesesocoe 140 onto lints esa eee on 138 Stenochloa californica.-....-------- 257 StGMOlMOIITINN Seoeessaceuaaeenecss 9 americanum ..----- 90 secundatum .-.--..- 90 Sine ocecdeosaage sneeseceeCdsDSOBESr 11 elayain. 4 seseasenasoccedeass 108 membranaced -....---------- 115 AOE NO on on SooeeeoSaseeco 109 SO IEH So oseeeeEcamBpaosoodee 107 Syntherisma linearis....---------- 55 RANGING aqnceaaa5oSc€ 56 UR DOTU saaotee ee ee soe cre 11 arkansand....-.-------- 151 Trachynotia polystachya .......--- 190 Page. Trachypogon <--.-- ----\- <6 0-0 == 7 IU VPassesoccesmess 32>s00cneeee¢ 8 Trichlorisssssseerer ssa eee aa 12 blanchardiana........-- 207 NUS CUCIILOL Cera ee 207 jolhmmentilne) ce eee ocsscee 208 Tricuspis monstrosa...------------ 243 JUAOKE caaemacseboseaanse seccocode 13 AC OMA LA eee eee eee 253 allbes ConSsiess= eects e =a 251 MN SAND) o-eceescooescscass 250 @LACTOStOIGES)==—- sas. ---— 248 m@nilligyal ---eccecesnssecoce< 252 HMC. Gacuesnsoeesesees 254 texanaiee- o- == scenecosese 249 Triplasis americana. --.---------.- 255 Iban e@UlN ce socStecssosoncnssss= a dactyloides-------.--=- 19 sri S@ GUE seen eee aie elel al 12 CHIMANOGINE! = conacasoqdoose 18] GeidabitiN kos gsseconece 182 elonigaimmissee- se = 2 180 WANK Aqvy NAN Saseconosges 180 MOU CAM tte ere ae 179 palustreys-s-eee eee 177 subspicatum -.-....-..-- 178 ETE SEs GHENT et ee t 8 AMaUMONNNs soos stoscssseseseseeascac 14 HAVA Pl ocac ae soasecocnesde 316 (Wmniolay: 263 sasee eee ioae cen 13 GICURS