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BULLETIN No. 7.

U. 8. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,

DIVISION OF AGROSTOLOGY.

[Grass and Forage Plant Investigations. |

AMERICAN GRASSES.

(ILLUSTRATED.)

BY

Aste LAMSON-SCRIBNER,
AGROSTOLOGIST.

WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1897.

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PetpeRcOF SUBMITTAL

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
DIVISION OF AGROSTOLOGY,
Washington, D. C., January 22, 1897.

Sir: | submit herewith a number of illustrations of
native and introduced grasses, with brief descriptions
and notes upon the distribution of each, based upon the
collections of the Department, and recommend their
publication as Bulletin No. 7 of this Division. These
illustrations were primarily designed toillustratea Hand-
book of North American Grasses, in which all the North
American species are to be figured, but as it will be
some time before the remaining figures can be engraved,
it has been suggested that three hundred of those now
completed be published, in order to render them imme.
diately useful and available to others. If the present
form of publication had been orginally contemplated,
a different selection of figures would doubtless have
been made. This is of small importance, however, as
it is hoped to publish illustrations of all the species in
the near future, and it is for this reason that references
to the detail drawings are omitted. Notes upon the
uses and value of the species of economic interest were
published in Bulletin No. 3 of this Division, ‘* Useful
and Ornamental Grasses.”

ou

+

The drawings are all from carefully selected specimens,
the habit sketches being made by Mr. A, H. Baldwin.
The enlarged details were drawn by myself, with the ex-
ception of a few which were made by Miss M. D. Baker.
The engraving is the work of Mr. L. 8S. Williams and
Mr. George P. Bartle. The work has all been done in
the office of the Division, with the exception of that
pertormed by Mr. Bartle.

Respectfully,
FE. LAMSON-SCRIBNER,
Agrostologist.
Hon. CHAS. W. DABNEY, Jr.,
Assistant Secretary of Agriculture.

INTRODUCTION.

In order to make the present publication more useful
to students of grasses, the order Gramine and the sev-
eral tribes into which the order has been divided by our
best authorities are here briefly characterized. Under
the tribes the genera which are native or have been
introduced are enumerated, and those having species
figured in this bulletin are marked with an asterisk (*).

GRAMINEA\—GRASSES.

Characters of the order.—Fibrous-rooted, annual or perennial,
herbaceous (rarely woody) plants, with usually hollow, cylindri-
cal (rarely flattened) and jointed stems (culms) whose internodes
for more or less of their length are enveloped by the sheath-like
basal portion of the two-ranked and usually linear, parallel-veined
leaves ; flowers without any distinct perianth, hermaphrodite
or rarely unisexual, solitary or several together, in spikelets,
which are arranged in panicles, racemes, or spikes, and which con-
sist of a shortened axis (the rachilla) and two or more chaft-like,
distichous imbricated bracts (glumes),of which the first two,
rarely one or none or more than two, are empty (empty glumes) ; in
the axil of each of the succeeding bracts (excepting sometimes
the uppermost) is borne a flower (hence these are named flowering
glumes). Opposed to each flowering glume, with its back turned
toward the rachilla, is (usually) a two-nerved, two-keeled bract
or prophyllum (the palea), which frequently envelops the flower
by its infolded edges. At the base of the flower, between it and
its glume, are usually two very small hyaline scales (lodicules) ;

oO

6

rarely there is a third lodicule between the flower and the palea;
stameus, usually three (rarely two or one, or more than three)
with very slender filaments and two-celled, usually versatile
anthers; pistil with a one-celled, one-ovuled ovary, and one to
three, usnally two, styles with variously branched, most fre-
quently plumose, stigmas; embryo small, lying at the front and
base of the seed, covered only by the thin pericarp; fruit a
caryopsis, rich in albumen. (In Sporobolus and Fleusine the thin
pericarp is free from the seed. )

Number of species.—There are about thirty-five hundred
known species of grasses, varying in size from the moss-
like Coleanthus of the North to the tree-like bamboos of
the Tropics, which tower to the height of 30m. or more;
and ranging in distribution from Kerguelen Land on
the South to the extreme limit of vegetation beyond the
Arctic Circle. There is no order of plants more widely
distributed, or existing under a greater diversity of soil
and climate, and no other order presents such a vast
number of individual plants or is so important and
directly useful to man.

SERIES A.—PANICACEA.

Spikelets one- rarely two-flowered ; when two-flowered
the second or terminal one is perfect, the first or lower
one being either staminate or neuter; rachilla articu-
lated below the empty glumes, the spikelets falling from
the pedicels entire, either singly, in groups, or together
with the joints of an articulate rachis. The first six
tribes belong to this series.

TRIBE I.— Maydew,

Spikelets unisexual, the staminate forming a part of the intlo-
rescence with the pistillate, or each in a separate inflorescence on
the same plant; flowering glumes hyaline-or much less firm
in texture than the outer ones; axis of the female spikelets.
usually articulated.

7

This is a small tribe, numbering only sixteen species
classed in seven genera. They are nearly all natives
of the Tropics, chiefly in the Old World. Indian corn,
or maize, is our best known example of the Maydee.

Euchliena Schrad.
Zea Linn.
Tripsacum Linn.*

TrIBE I1.—Andropogonea.

Spikelets in spike-like racemes, two at each joint of the articu-
late rachis, one sessile and hermaphrodite, one pedicellate, the
latter hermaphrodite, staminate, neuter, or reduced to the pedicel
alone; glumes usually four, the first and second empty, larger
and much firmer in texture than the others, the third usnally
empty, with a staminate flower in its axil, very rarely awned, the
fourth or flowering glume hyaline, usually awned, awn usually
twisted or geniculate.

This tribe contains about four hundred species divided
among twenty-nine genera, of which the genus Andropo-
gon, with one hundred and ninety species, is by far the
largest and probably the most important. Sugar cane
belongs to this tribe in the genus Saccharum. Our best
known representatives of the Andropogonewe are the
common broom sedge, Andropogon virginicus, and the
big blue stem, Andropogon provincialis. In the same
genus are now classed our species of sorghum. The
members of the tribe are distributed throughout the
tropical and warmer regions of both hemispheres.

Imperata Cyr.* Hackelochloa Kuntze.”
Miscanthus Anderss. (Manisuris Sw. not Linn.)
Saccharum Linn. Trachypogon Nees.
Erianthus Michx. * Elionurus HBK. ~
Manisuris Linn. * Andropogon Linn.~

(Rottboellia Linn. f.)

8

TRIBE III.—Zoysiew.

Spikelets solitary or in groups of two to eight, each group fall-
ing as a whole from the continuous rachis, usually one-flowered,
hermaphrodite, or staminate and hermaphrodite in the same
group; flowering glume less firm in texture than the awned or
awnless outer ones, which are herbaceous, chartaceous, or coria-
ceous; the first glume is usually larger than the second,

A small tribe, numbering about twenty-five species
which represent nearly half that number of genera.
Fifteen species are natives of the tropical and warmer
temperate regions of America, Black grama, or G@al-
leta, as the Mexicans name it, species of Hilaria, are
our best-known representatives of the tribe.

Hilaria Kunth. * Nazia Adans. (Tragus Hall).
Egopogon HBK, Zoysia Willd.

TRIBE 1V.—Tristeginea.

Spikelets all hermaphrodite, in panicles; empty glumes three,
or the third with a staminate flower in its axil, herbaceous or
chartaceous; flowering glumes membranaceous, awned or awn-
less; rachilla articulated below the empty glumes.

A small tribe of only seven genera and thirty-three
species, natives chiefly of the tropical regions of the
Old World. Of the few American species none extend
so far north as the United States.

TRIBE V.—Panicew.

Spikelets hermaphrodite, terete or flattened on the back ; glumes
three or four (rarely only two); when four there is occasionally a
staminate flower ora palea in the axil of the third; the upper-
most or flowering glume of the hermaphrodite flower is always
firmer in texture than the outer glumes, of which the first is
usually smaller than the others; axis of the inflorescence not
articulated, the rachilla being articulated below the empty
glumes, the spikelets falling off singly from their pedicels.

9

This is one of the largest tribes in the order Grami-
nee. It contains twenty-two genera with over six hun-
dred and thirty species. Panicum, the principal genus,
is the largest among grasses, numbering three hundred
species. The Panicew are very widely distributed
throughout the tropical and temperate regions of the
world. Crab-grass and the millets are among our best
known examples of this tribe.

Reimaria Fliigge. * Oplismenus Beauv.
Paspalum Linn. ~*~ Chietochloa Scribn.*
Anthenantia Beauy. (Setaria Auct. )
Amphicarpon Raf. * Cenchrus Linn. *
Eriochloa Kunth.* Pennisetum Pers. *
Panicum Linn.* Stenotaphrum Trin. *

TRIBE VI.—Oryzea.

Spikelets usually much compressed laterally, one-flowered,
staminate, pistillate, or hermaphrodite; empty glumes two or
none, the flower being subtended by the floral glume and palea
alone, the latter one-nerved and regarded by some as a second
glume; stamens frequently six; axis of the inflorescence not artic-
ulated.

A small tribe of about forty species divided among
sixteen genera, mostly confined to tropical America.
One of the best known and most extensively used of
the cereals, rice (Oryza sativa), belongs here.

Hydrochloa Beany. Zizania Linn.

Pharus Linn. Oryza Linn.

Luziola Juss. * Homalocenchrus Mieg.*
Zizaniopsis Doell and Asch. (Leersia Sw.)

SERIES B.—POACE.

Spikelets one- to many-flowered, the imperfect or rudi-
mentary flower, if any, usually uppermost; rachilla

10

usually articulated above the empty glumes, so that
these remain after the fall of the fruiting glume.’ In
spikelets with two or more flowers these are separated
by a manifest internode of the rachilla, and in such
eases the rachilla is usually articulated below each
Howering glume.

TriIBE VIL.—Phalaridee.

Spikelets more or less laterally compressed, one- or rarely three-
flowered; glumes five, the first two empty and below the articu-
lation of the rachilla, the third and fourth above the articulation,
usually empty, very unlike the outer ones, rarely subtending
staminate flowers, sometimes reduced to mere bristles, the fifth
glume with a one-nerved or nerveless palea and a hermaphrodite
flower.

A small tribe, comprising six genera with about sixty
species of comparatively little importance. Several of
the species, sweet vernal grass and vanilla grass, are
remarkable for possessing a peculiar fragrance due to
their containing coumarin. Canary-grass is one of the
best known members of this tribe.

Phalaris Linn. * Savastana Schrank. *
Anthoxanthum Linn.* ( Hierochloé Gmelin).

TRIBE VIII.—Agrostidew.

Spikelets all hermaphrodite, one-flowered with three glumes,
the first two empty (very rarely wanting), usually as long as or
exceeding the third or floral glume; rachilla sometimes pro-
longed behind the palea into a naked or plumose bristle. Palea
two-nerved (one-nerved in Cinna), nerveless, or (in some Agrostis
species) wanting.

| Alopecurus, Cinna, Spartina, and Holcus among our grasses.
have the rachilla articulated below the first pair of glumes, and
the spikelets fall off entire.

11

This is, next to the Festucea, the largest tribe in the
order, numbering seven hundred species arranged in
forty-six genera. The species are distributed through-
out all the temperate and colder regions of the world
and many occur within the Tropics. The genus Agrostis,
from which the tribe derives its name and from which
comes the word “agrostologist,” has about one hundred
species, found in all parts of the world, especially in
the north temperate zone. Some of our most important
meadow grasses—notably Herd’s-grass and timothy—
belong to this tribe.

Aristida Linn. * Epicampes Presl.*
Stipa Linn. ~ Polypogon Desf.
Oryzopsis Michx.* Limnodia L. H. Dewey.*
Milium Linn.* (Thurberia Benth. )
Muhlenbergia Schreb. * Arctagrostis Griseb.
Brachyelytrum Beauy.* Cinna Linn. ~
Lycurus Kunth. Agrostis Linn.*
Pereilema Presl. Gastridium Beany.
Heleochloa Host. * Calamagrostis Roth.*
Phleum Linn. * Ammophila Host.*
Alopeeurus Linn.* Calamovilfa Scribn. *
Coleanthus Seid. Apera Adans.
Phippsia R. Br.~ Lagurus Linn.

Sporobolus R. Br.*
TRIBE IX.—Avenev.

Spikelets two- to several-flowered; outer empty glumes usually
longer than the first floral glume; one or more of the floral
glumes awned on the back or from between the teeth of the bifid
apex; awn usually twisted or geniculate; the callus, and usually
the joints of the rachilla, hairy.

A tribe comprising twenty-three genera and over
three hundred species widely distributed in the tem-
perate regions of both the Old and the New World,
particularly abundant in South Africa and Australia,
a few extending beyond the arctic circle.

12

Several of the species are valued as forage plants.
Cultivated oats, Avena sativa, is the best-known ex-
ample of this tribe.

Holeus Linn., in part. * Trisetum Pers. *

Aira Linn.* Avena Linn. *
Weingaertneria Bernh. * Arrhenatherum Beany.*
(Corynephorus Beauy.) Danthonia DC.*

Deschampsia Beauv.”

TRIBE X.—Chloridee.

Spikelets one- to several-tlowered in one-sided spikes or racemes ;
these racemes digitate or fasciculate, rarely solitary; flowering
glumes usually keeled, entire and unawned, or toothed, and with
one or three straight awns.

A small tribe of twenty-seven genera and one hun-
dred and fifty-five species, characterized chiefly by the
inflorescence, which is nearly that of Paspalum. The
awns when present are not dorsal nor twisted, as in
Agrostidee and Avenee. Chietly natives of tropical
and subtropical countries; a few are widely distributed
as weeds throughout the warmer parts of the world. A
number are good turt-forming grasses, and are valued
for grazing purposes. One of these is the celebrated
buffalo-grass of the Western plains, which is remark-
able for having the staminate and pistillate spikelets
separate and in unlike inflorescences, either upon the
same plant (moncecious) or upon different plants (dice-
cious).

Capriola Adans. ° Schedonnardus Steud. *
(Cynodon Vers. ) Jouteloua Lag.*
Spartina Schreb. * Beckmannia Host.*
Campulosus Desy.* Eleusine Gaertn. *
(Ctenium Panzer). Dactyloctenium Willd.*
Chloris Sw. * Leptochloa Beauy.*
Trichloris Fourn. * Bulbilis Raf.*

Gymnopogon Beauy. ~ ( Buchloé Engelm. )

13

TRIBE XI.—Festucew.

Spikelets two- to many-flowered, usually hermaphrodite, pedicel-
late in racemes or panicles, the latter sometimes dense and spike-
like; flowering glumes usually longer than the empty ones,
awunless or with one to several straight (rarely bent) awns which
are either terminal or borne just below the apex.

This is the largest tribe in the order, numbering
seventy-six genera and about seven hundred and
twenty-five species. It contains the most important
meadow grasses of the temperate regions as well as the
more prevalent grasses of the higher mountains within
the Tropics. The genus Poa, which includes Kentucky
blue-grass, Texas blue-grass, etc., numbers one hundred
species, and an equal number of species are included in
the genus Eragrostis. The Fescues number eighty
species, and the tribe takes its name from this genus—
Festuca. Orchard grass. Dactylis glomerata, is a well-
known example of this tribe.

Melica Linn. *
Koryearpus Zea.*
(Diarrhena Raf.)
Pleuropogon R. Brown.*
Uniola Linn. *

Distichlis Raf.*

Briza Linn. *

Dactylis Linn.*

Pappophorum Sehreb. ~
Cottea Kunth. *
Cathestecum Presl.*
Seleropogon Philippi. *
Monanthechloé Engelm.*
Munproa Torrey.”
Oreuttia Vasey. ~
Gynerium HBK.

Arundo Linn. Cynosurus Linn.*
Phragmites Trin. * Lamarckia Moench. *
Blepharidachne Hack. Poa Linn.*
(Eremochloé 8. Wats.) Colpodium Trin.
Triodia R. Br.* Dupontia R. Br.
Sieglingia Bernh. Scolochloa Link.
Redfieldia Vasey.* Graphephorum Desv.*
Dissanthelium Trin. Panicularia Fabr.*

Molinia Schrank.
Eragrostis Host.”
Eatonia Raf.*
Koeleria Pers.*
Catabrosa Beauv. *

(Glyceria R. Br.)
Puecinellia Parl.*
Festuca Linn.*
Bromus Linn.

14

©

TriBpeE XI1l.—Hordew.

Spikelets one- to many-flowered, usually hermaphrodite, sessile
along the common rachis, forming a simple or compound spike;!
glumes awned or awnless.

A small tribe of twenty genera and about one hun-
dred and thirty species. It is an important division,
however, for it includes rye, barley, and the many vari-
etiesof wheat. English and Italian Rye-grasses(Loliwm
species) are the chief meadow grasses of the tribe.

Nardus Linn. * Secale Linn.
Lolium Linn.* Triticum Linn.
Lepturus R. Br. Hordeum Linn.*
Scribneria Hack. * Elymus Linn. *
Agropyron Gaertn. ~ Asperella Humb. *

TriBE XIII.—Lambusew.

Spikelets two- to many-flowered (rarely only one-flowered) in
racemes or panicles; empty glumes at the base of the spikelet
two to several; flowering glumes many-nerved, awnless, or very
rarely short-awned; culms woody, at least near the base, and
perennial; leaf blade usually with a short petiole articulated
with the sheath from which it finally separates.

A comparatively small tribe of twenty-three genera
and about one hundred and eighty-five species. The
species are confined chiefly to the region within the
Tropics. Many of them are of very great importance to
the natives of the countries where they grow. Mannu-
factured articles of bamboo, either of use or for orna-
ment, are now a part of the commerce of the world. The
bamboos are remarkable for their woody stems and often
arborescent or tree-like habit of growth, some of the

' Strictly the spike is simple when the sessile spikelets are one-
flowered, and compound when they are more than one-flowered.

5

species attaining the height of 25 to 30m. In parts of
India they form extensive forests. One species in this
tribe has leaves 2 to 5 m. long by 10 to 25 em. wide;
another, a Cuban species, has leaves 5 to 8em. long and
as fine as a horse hair. Fleshy and edible, apple-like
fruits are borne by some of the species.

Arundinaria Michx,

Bp Ls.

o

AMERICAN GRASSES.

(ILLUSTRATED.)

BY Fk. LAMSON-SCRIBNER.

iby
11162—No. 7

te

METRIC MEASUREMENTS AND THEIR
ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS.

The metric system adopted in this Bulletin is now
quite generally employed in botanical and other scien-
tific publications. For those unfamiliar with this sys-
tem the following expression of equivalents may be
useful:

1 millimetre (1 mm.)—one twenty-fifth of an inch—exactly
0.0394 inche,

1 centimetre (1 em.)—nearly one-half of an inch; 10em.=about
4 inches.

1 déciméetre (1 dm.)—about 4 inches, or 3 dm. = one foot.

1 metre (1 m.)=about 3 feet 32 inches—exactly 39.37079 inches.

19

Fic. 1. Tripsacum dactyloides L. GAMaA-GRASS.—A stout,
coarse, branching perennial 9 to 24 dm. high, with long and rather
broad leaves and a spicate inflorescence, the spikes being 2 to 4
on the main stem and usually solitary on the branches.—Low
meadows, moist thickets, ditches, etce.; Rhode Island to Florida,
Kansas, and Texas. [Mexico.] April—October.

Ua ue

Fic. 2. Imperata hookeri Rupr. (J. brevifolia Vasey ; TI. caudata
Seribn. not Trin.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 22.—A stout, glabrous
perennial 5 to 12 dm. high, with strong, creeping rootstocks, flat
leaves, and elongated white-hairy, densely flowered panicles.—
Western Texas, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Southern California
and southward,

Fic. 3. Erianthus compactus Nash in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club,
22: 419; Britton and Brown, Il. Fl.,1: 99. DrENSELY FLOWERED
PLUME-GRASS.—A stout, erect perennial 12 to 24 dm. high, with
long, narrow leaves and densely flowered, oblong, brownish or red-
dish panicles 10 to 15 em. long, the branches spreading in anthesis.—
Meadows and swamps, mostly near the coast; New Jersey to Vir-
ginia and Tennessee. August—-October.

Fic. 4. Erianthus strictus Baldw.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
29.—A stout, erect perennial 12 to 24 dm. high, with long, narrow,
flat leaves and strict, bearded (with awns), but not hairy, panicles,
20 to 40 em. long.—River bottoms, Tennessee and Georgia to
Mississippi and Texas. September, October.

Suu ¢

Fic. 5. Manisuris compressa (L. f.) Kuntze (Rottboellia com-
pressal.f.; Hemarthria fasciculata Kunth). Mat-Grass.—A creep-
ing perennial, with ascending and usually much branched, flat-
tened culms 10 to 14 dm. high, and numerous slender spikes.—
River banks, southwestern Texas. [Tropical and subtropical
regions of both hemispheres.] September.

24

Fis

Fic. 6. Hackelochloa granularis (Sw.) Kuntze (Manisuris
granularis Sw.; Cenchrus granularis Linn.); Beal,Grasses N. Am.,
2:33. LIZARD-TAIL-GRASS.—A much-branched, leaty annual, 3
to 12 dm. high, with numerous slender spikes in irregular, leafy
panicles.—A weed in all tropical countries, extending northward

into the warmer parts of the Southern and Southwestern States,

Fic. 7. Blionurus barbiculmis Hack.; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2: 37.—A slender, erect perennial 4 to 7 dm. high, with very
narrow, filiform, hairy leaves and silky-villous, solitary spikes
terminal on the culm or its branches.—Rocky hills and canyons,

western Texas to Arizona. [Northern Mexico.] June-September,

26

ULULe

Fic. 8, Andropogon saccharoides torreyanus (Steud.) Hack;
3ritton and Brown, 1: 103 (Andropogon torreyanus Steud.).
TORREY’S SILVER BEARD-GRASS.—A variable native perennial 3 to
9 dm, high, with rather long, usnally glaucous, flat leaves, and
narrow silvery-bearded panicles.—Dry prairies and mesas, Kan-
sas to Texas, New Mexico, and Nevada. [Mexico.] July-—October.

27

Aas,

Ch,

i SETS

ral

Fic. 9. Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B. 8. P. (Andropogon
macrourus Michx.). BROoK-GRASS.—A stout perennial 6 to 12 dm.
high, with dense, more or less elongated panicles, the branches
usually very much crowded.—Low grounds and marshes, southern
New York to Florida, southern California and Nevada. [Mexico,
Lower California, Cuba, and Jamaica.] September-January.

28

Fic. 10. Andropogon virginicus L. Broom SEDGE.—A
rigidly erect perennial 6 to 12 din. high, with the culms flattened
near the base, and narrow, elongated, and loosely branched pani-
cles of silky-hbearded racemes, for the most part partially inclosed
within smooth, spathe-like braets.—Old fields and borders of
woods, usually in dry soil, Massachusetts to Florida and Texas,
[Cuba.] August-October.

a

Fie. 11. Andropogon argyreus Schultes. SILVER-BEARD or
SILVERY BEearp-GrRaAss.—A rather slender native grass 6 to 9 dm.
high, with narrow leaves and silky-bearded racemes, which are
in pairs, terminal on the culm or its branches.—In dry, sandy
soil 1n open woods and along thicket borders from Delaware to
Missouri and southward to the Gulf. August-October.

30

S yh

| NY
= ——\9

as

Fic. 12. Andropogon elliottii Chapm. ELLioTt’s BRooM
SrepGE.—A slender, upright perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, the plu-
mose racemes in pairs or ternate and subtended by conspicuously
inflated upper leaf sheaths.—Dry upland woods or low pine bar-
rens, Delaware and Pennsylvania to central Florida and Texas.
July—October.

31

Fiac.13. Andropogon scoparius Michx. LittLe BLUE-STEM.—
A rather slender perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, the solitary racemes
terminating the culms and branches.—Dry fields and borders of
woods, New Brunswick westward to the Saskatchewan, southward
to Florida, Texas, and southern California. [Mexico.] J uly-
October,

Fic. 14. Andropogon provincialis Lam. (A. furcatus Muhl.)
BiG BLUE-sTeM.—A stout perennial 6 to 16 dm. high, with long
leaves, and rather thick spikes 3 to 10 em. long.—From the Rocky
Mountains eastward to the Atlantic and southward to the Gulf
of Mexico. August-October. Especially abundant and valued
for hay in the prairie regions.

33

Fic. 15. Andropogon nutans avenaceus (Michx.) Hack.
INDIAN GRaAss.—A stout perennial 12 to 18 dm. high, with. long
leaf blades, and long, rather dense, usually somewhat nodding
brownish panicles.—Dry fields, glades, and borders of woods,
Ontario to South Dakota and Manitoba, south to Florida, Texas,
and Arizona. [Mexico, Centraland South America.] July-October.

11162—No. 7——3

|

Fic. 16. Andropogon unilateralis Hack.; Beal, Grasses N.
Am., 2:60. (Andropogon secundus Ell. not Willd.) BANNER
SorGHuM.—A rather stout perennial, 6 to 12 dm. high, withnarrow,
one-sided, many-flowered panicles 18 to 25 cm. long, and long-

awned spikelets.—Low pine lands, South Carolina, Florida. June-
October.

Fic. 17. Andropogon pauciflorus (Chapm.) Hack.; Beal,
Grasses N. Am., 2:61. (Sorghum pauciforum Chapm.), FEw-
FLOWERED SORGHUM.—A rather stout, branching, leafy annual,
6 to 12 dm. high, with few-flowered panicles and long-awned
spikelets.—Dry fields, Florida. [Cuba.] October.

36

Fic. 18. Hilaria cenchroides HBK.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
68. CREEPING Mrsquirre.—A slender, creeping perennial, with
upright leafy branches 1 to 3 dm. high.—Dry prairies, mesas, and
foothills, Texas to Arizona. [Mexico.] April-October, One of
the most valuable of the native grasses for grazing.

Fic. 19. Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth.; Beal, Grasses N.
Am., 2:69. Brack Grama.—A smooth, branching perennial 4 to
6 dm. high, with densely flowered, usually straw-colored spikes
about 5 em. long.—Dry mesas, Texas to southern California.
May-September. Valued for forage, especially for grazing.

38

Fic. 20. Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth.; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2:70. BLack BUNCH-GRASS.—A rather coarse, branching peren-
nial 3 to5 dm. high, with erect, often purplish spikes 5 to 8 em.
long.—Mesas and table-lands of southern Colorado and Utah to
New Mexico and southern California. Marceh-July. <A valuable
hay or pasture grass.

Fig. 21. Hilaria rigida (Thurb.) Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2: 68. (Pleuraphis rigida Thurb.) GaALLETA.—A coarse, much-
branched, and woody perennial 6 dm. high, growing in great
clumps, somewhat resembling dwarf bamboos in habit —Deserts,
southern Utah to Arizona and southern California. [Lower Cali-
tornia.}] May-July.

40)

Fic. 22. Reimaria oligostachya Munro in Benth. Journ. Linn.
Soc.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 80. CREEPING REIMARIA.—An
extensively creeping perennial, with flat leaves and upright tlow-
ering branches 2 to 4 dm. high, bearing two to four spikes 4 to 7
em. long.—Ditches and brackish river shores, often in water,
eastern Florida. [Cuba.] April-September.

|

Fic. 23. Paspalum paspaloides (Michx.) Seribn. (P. elliottii
S. Wats.; P. digitaria Poir.). ELLIOTT’s PAsPALUM.—A soft per-
ennial grass 5 to 8 dm. high, geniculate and more or less creeping
at the base, with rather broad, flat leaves and slender spikes,
which are usually in pairs.—Borders of ponds and ditches and in
low pine barrens near the coast, Maryland to Texas. April-August.

Fic. 24. Paspalum compressum (Sw.) Nees. (P. platycaule
Poir.). LOuIs!ANA or CARPET-GRASS.—A slender, erect, or more
frequently prostrate and extensively creeping perennial, rooting
at the nodes and sending up numerous leafy or flower-bearing
branches 1.5 to 6 dm. high, with 2 to 6 subdigitate slender spikes
and small, acutish spikelets.—Low ground and moist pastures,
abundant near the coast from Virginia to Texas. [Mexico, Central
and South America, and West Indies.] April-October. A valuable
pasture grass,

‘Sulu Y

Fic. 25. Paspalum distichum L. KNot-Grass.—A low, creep-
ing, somewhat succulent perennial, with flat leaves and two
spikes at the apex of the upright flower-bearing branches, which
are 1 to 3 dm. high. Habit of growth resembling Bermuda-
grass.—Ditches and muddy or sandy shores, Virginia and Missouri
to Florida, Texas, and southern California; northward on the
Pacific Coast to Oregon. [Widely distributed in tropical and

subtropical regions.] April-October.

44

Fic. 26. Paspalum setaceum Michx. SLENDER PASPALUM.—
A slender, erect, or ascending native perennial, usually about 6
dm. high, with flat, often hairy leaves, and slender, small-flowered
spikes.—Dry, sandy fields and pine barrens, Massachusetts to
northeastern Nebraska, Texas and Florida. April-October.

Fic. 27. Paspalum lzve Michx. SmMooTH PASPALUM.—Peren-
nial, with ascending culms, often geniculate at base, 3 to 9 dm.
high, with smooth or pilose leaf sheaths and blades, and 3 to 7
spreading spikes 5 to 10cm. long. Low, often wet, ground, Rhode
Island to Florida, eastern Texas and Missouri. June-October.

‘aed

72
—

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\

Fic. 28. Paspalum plicatulum Michx.; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2:90. WRINKLE-FLOWERED PasPpALUM.—An erect or ascending
perennial 5 to 6 dm. high, with smooth or flat leaves and 5 to 7
rather densely flowered racemes. The second glume is usually
plicate or wrinkled.—Dry fields and open pine woods, Georgia
and Florida to Texas. [Mexieo, Central and South America, and
West Indies.] April-October.

47

RAK a d

Fic. 29. Paspalum difforme Le Conte; Vasey Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila. 1886, 286.—A stout perennial, from creeping rootstocks.
Allied to P. floridanum, but less robust, with shorter leaves and
spikes.—Dry pine barrens near the coast, North Carolina to Florida
and westward to Texas. June-October.

Fic. 30, Paspalum floridanum Michx. FLoripa PasPpaLUM.—
A stout, erect grass 9 to 12 dm. high, often glaucous, with long
leaves, smooth or villous sheaths and blades, and large spikelets.
Dry or moist low ground, Delaware to Florida, Texas, Kentucky,
and Indian Territory. June-October,

49

Fic. 31. Paspalum dilatatum Poir. (P. ovatum Nees). LARGE
WaATER-GRASS.—A somewhat coarse, leafy perennial, growing in
clumps 6 to 15 dm. high, bearing 2 to 10 more or less spreading
racemes of hairy spilelets.—In meadows, waste ground, and
along ditches, southeastern Virginia to Florida, west to Texas;
apparently naturalized. [South America.} July—October,

11162—No, 7——4

DO

UU

Fig. 32. Amphicarpon purshii Kunth. Pursn’s AMPHICAR-
PON.—An erect, tufted perennial 3 to 12 dm. high, with hispid
sheaths and leaves and contracted panicles. Fertile spikelets sol-
itary and subterranean.—Pine barrens and cranberry bogs near
the coast, New Jersey. August, September.

51

F1G. 33. Amphicarpon floridanum Chapm.; Beal, Grasses N.
Am., 2: 100. FLorma AMPHICARPON.—A_ pale-green, smooth
perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, from creeping rootstocks, with flat
leaves and narrow panicles 10 to 20cm. long. Fertile spikelets on
subterranean branches.—Moist pine barrens and sandy shores,
Florida (throughout the State). July-September.

Fic. 34. Briochloa mollis (Michx.) Kunth. (Panicum molle
Michx.), Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 102. Sorr WoOOL-GRASS.—A
perennial 10 to 20 dm. high, with long, flat leaves and open
panicles of numerous, more or less spreading racemes 3 to 6 cm.
long.—Brackish marshes and shores, South Carolina to Florida.
April-September.

53

Fic. 35. Eriochloa punctata (L.) W. Hamilt. EVERLASTING-
Grass.—A rapid-growing, smooth and somewhat succulent peren-
nial, with more or less branching culms 6 to 12 dm. high, flat
leaves and narrow panicles 5 to 10 em. long.—Low, rich land,:
moist soil, prairies, etc., Kansas to Texas and Arizona. [Tropical
America, Asia, and Australia.] June-September.

54

Fic. 56. Eriochloa lemmoni Vasey & Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N.
Am.,2: 101. LEMMON’s WoOoL-GRAsS.—A softly pubescent peren-
nial 3 to 6 dm. high, with rather broad leaves and a short panicle
composed of about 6 spreading spikes 2 to 3 em. long.—Arizona.
{Northern Mexico.] August-November.

Fig. 37. Panicum lineare Krock (Panicum glabrum Gaud.;
Syntherisma linearis Nash). SMOOTH CRAB-GRASS.—A slender,
glabrous annual 1.5 to 3.5 dm. high, with culms which are much
branched below, flat leaves, and 2 to 6 slender diverging spikes.—
Naturalized in waste and cultivated land; Nova Scotia to Ontario
and South Dakota, south to Floridaand Texas. [Europe.] August-
October.

56

Fic. 38. Panicum serotinum (Walt.) Trin. (Syntherisma sero-
tina Walt.; Digitaria serotina Mx.). LITTLE CRAB-GRASS.—An
extensively creeping annual or biennial, with flat, hairy leaves,
and slender spikes digitate at the apex of the ascending culms,
which are 1 to 3 dm. high.—Low, sandy ground, roadsides, pas-
tures, and cultivated fields near the coast, Delaware to Missis-
sippi; on baliast at Philadelphia. June-August.

57

f} /y

d

Fic. 39. Panicum gracillimum Scribn.; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club,
23: 146. SLENDER PanicuM.—A slender perennial 3 to 9 dm.
high, with very narrow, elongated leaves and small, glabrous
spikelets, racemose along the main axis and its branches, which
are approximate near the apex of the culm. Outer glumes gla-
brous.—High pine lands, Lake County, Florida. (1192, Nash.)
July.

Fic. 40, Panicum pheothrix Trin. Sp. Gram. Icon. 91. SIL-
VERY PANIC-GRASS.—A slender perennial about 9 dm. high, with
long, narrow leaves and very slender, rather loosely flowered
racemes 10 to 20 cm. long, approximate near the apex of the
culm. Onter glumes densely hairy.—High pine lands, Florida.
(Nash, 1155.) [Brazil.] July.

Fic. 41. Panicum paspaloides Pers.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
114. SouTHERN WATER-GRAsSS.—A rather stout, smooth, and more
or less branching perennial 6 to 9 din. high, often creeping at the
base, with long, flat leaves, and ten to twenty alternate, one-sided
spikes2 to3 em. long.—About ponds and in standing water, south-
ern Florida; Texas. [In tropical countries of both hemispheres. ]
May-July.

60

Fic. 42. Panicum lanatum Rottb. (P. lewcopheum HBK.);
Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 111. CoTron-Grass.—A rather stout,
more or less branching leafy perennial 6 to 12 dm, high, with
narrow, soft-hairy panicles.—Cultivated ground, river banks, and
coral soil on keys, central and southern Florida; on ballast at
Mobile, Ala. [Widely distributed in tropical America; Australia;
Africa.}] May-October.

61

Fic. 43. Panicum grossarium L.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
116. JAMAICA CRAB-GRASS.—Apparently an annual, with much-
branched, ascending culms 3 to 6 dm, long, broad, lanceolate leaves
and spreading panicles of afew simple racemes of glabrous spike-
lets.—Ballast ground, Philadelphia. Adventive. [West Indies. ]
September. Cultivated in grass garden, and apparently valuable.

Fic. 44. Panicum texanum Buckl.; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2:117. Texas MILLeT.—A branching, leafy annual 6 to 12 dm.
high, with flat leaves and narrow panicles 1.5 to 2 dm. long.—-

Texas. September.

Fie. 45. Panicum obtusum HBK.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
115. VINE MESQUITE-GRASS.—Stoloniterous perennial, the runners
often 24 to 30 din. long; the upright flowering branches 3 to 6 dm.
high. Panicle of three to five erect racemes, bearing rather large
obtuse spikelets.—Irrigated lands, low valleys, chiefly in the shade
of trees and shrubs, Kansas and Colorado to Texas, New Mexico,
Arizona, and southward. June-September.

64

It : Wy yy,
is, PEG Ee
i?
Fira. 46. Panicum stenodes Griseb. (P. anceps sirictum Chapm. ) ;
Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 126. SMALL-JOINTED PANIC-GRASS.—A
slender, erect, glabrous perennial, with wiry stems 5 to8 dm. high,
rigid, involute leaves, and narrow, simple panicles 4 to 8 em.
long.—Moist, sandy pine barrens near the coast, Florida to Texas.
[Cuba and San Domingo.] July—October.

A Ws

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Fic. 47. Panicum gibbum EIl. GiBpous PAaNnic-GRAss.—A
stoloniferous, branching perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with narrowly
lanceolate, flat leaves, and densely flowered spike-like panicles 10
to 15 em. long.—Low, wet grounds, Virginia to Florida, Tennes-
see, Louisiana, and Indian Territory. [Cuba.] June-October.

11162—No. 7 5

2amms

Fic. 48, Panicum melicarium Michx. (P. hians Ell.); Beal,
Grasses N, Am., 2 : 127.—A smooth, slender, usually erect peren-
nial 2 to 5 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and simple, open
panicles 6 to 15 em. long.—Moist pine barrens and marshes,

North Carolina to Florida, Missouri, Indian Territory, and Texas.
March-October.

67

Fig. 49, Panicum verrucosum Muhl. Warty Panic-GRAss.—
A slender, branching perennial, with flat leaves and few-tlowered
spreading panicles 7.5 to 20 em. long.—Low, rich woodlands,
mostly near the coast, New England to Florida, west to Tennessee
and Louisiana. May-October,

68

Fig. 50. Panicum filipes Scribn. in Heller, Contrib. Herb.
Franklin & Marshall Coll., 1: 13 (1895).—A slender, more or less
branching and leafy, glaucous annual (?) 3 to 7 dm. high, with
rather long, flat leaves and diftuse capillary panicles 15 to 30 em.
long.—Dry grounds, western Texas and (?) Mexico. May-July.

FiG.51, Panicum proliferum Lam. SPROUTING CRAB-GRASS.—
A smooth and usually much-branched, native annual, with rather
coarse, spreading, or ascending stems 6 to 18 dm. long, flat leaves
and diffuse terminal and lateral panicles.—Low ground, ditches,
etc., Maine to Illinois and Nebraska, south to Florida and Texas.
{Cuba}. March-October.

Fic. 52. Panicum repens L.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 127.
CREEPING PANIC.—An extensively creeping, maritime grass, with
rather stiff leaves and rigid, upright, flowering stems or branches
2to5 dm. high.—Sea beaches, southern Alabama to Louisiana.
[Tropical and subtropical coasts of both hemispheres.) A good
sand-binder.

(ol

Fic. 53. Panicum anceps Michx. FLAT-STEMMED PANIC.—
A rather stout perennial, with flattened stems 6 to 12 dm. high,
long leaves, smooth or pilose sheaths, spreading panicles and
pointed spikelets.—Low woods and thickets, marshes and banks
of streams, Pennsylvania to Illinois, Missouri, Indian Territory,
Texas, and Florida. July-—October.

Fic. 54. Panicum virgatum L. SwitcH-GRrass.—A stout, erect
perennial 9 to 15 dm. high, usually forming large tufts, with
strong, creeping rootstocks, long, flat leaves, and ample, spreading
panicles,—Sandy soil, usually along streams and about ponds and
lakes, Maine and Ontario to North Dakota, Colorado, Arizona,
Texas, and Florida. [Mexico.] July-October.

«3

Fic.55. Panicumamarum Ell. BitrER PANIC-GRAss.—A stout,
coarse perennial 3 to 12 dm. high, fromstrong, creeping rootstocks,
with rather long (30 to 40 em.), rigid leaves and many-flowered,
open panicles 10 to 30 cm. long.—Sandy beaches, coast of southern
New England to southern Florida. July-November. A goodsand
binder.

74

UL ULE

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Fic. 56. Panicum bulbosum HBK.; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2-131. ALKALI SACCATONE.—A stout, glabrous perennial 9 to 12
din. high, from a bulbous base, with flat leaves and usually ample
panicles 20 to 40 em. long.—In canyons, Texas to Arizona. [Mex-
ico.] June-September. A valuable hay grass for alkaline soils.

Fig. 57. Panicum spherocarpon Ell.; Britton and Brown,
Til. Fl, 1: 116. Rounp-rFLOWERED Panic.—A tufted, erect, or
ascending perennial 25 to 60 em, high, with rather broad, firm,
and nearly erect leaf blades, diffuse many-flowered panicles and
small, rounded spikelets.—Dry or moist woods and fields, Maine
to southern Ontario, Wisconsin, Indian Territory, Texas, and
Florida, [Mexico and Guatemala.] May-October.

16

Fig. 58. Panicum boreale Nash; Britton and Brown, Il. Fl.,
1: 119. NorruHern PANIC-GRAsS.—An erect, finally branching
perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with flat leaves and open, spreading
panicles 4 to 8 em. long.—Damp soil, Newfoundland and Ontario
to Maine, New York, and Minnesota. June-August.

Fig. 59. Panicum barbulatum Michx. BEARDED-JOINT.—
Culms 3 to 9 dm. high, finally much-branched, slender, smooth,
except the nodes, which are conspicuously barbed with reflexed,
white hairs, panicle ovate-pyramidal, spikelets numerous, small.—
Bogs, wet meadows, and low woodlands, southern New York to
Illinois, Florida, and New Mexico.

Fic. 60. Panicum columbianum Scribn. sp. nov. AMERICAN
PANIC-GRASS.—A slender, erect, much-branched, pubescent or gla-
brous perennial, with short (usually 3 to 4 em. long), lanceolate,
ascending, acute leaves, and small-flowered, diffuse, oblong or
subpyramidal panicles. Spike-lets about 2mm. long. Branches
finally erect, numerous, flower-bearing.—Dry, sandy fields, mead-
ows, and open woodlands, New England southward to the Caro-
linas, and westward to Tennessee and Alabama, mostly near the
coast; also in California. June-August.

Fic. 61. Panicum nashianum Scribn. sp. noy. (allied to P.
demissum Trin.). NAsH’s PANIC-GRASS.—A slender and finally
much-branched, leafy perennial 1 to 3.5 dm. high, with flat and
rather short leaves, which are ciliate on the margins toward the
base, and open pyramidal panicles, the flexuose branches widely
spreading orreflexed. (4,029 Curtiss (1893), and 466 Nash (1894). )—
Low pine barrens, often in moist ground, near the coast, Virginia
to Mississippi. [Brazil.] March—October.

WUE

Fic. 62. Panicum longipedunculatum Scribn.; Bull. Tenn.
Agr. Exp. Station, VII, 1:53. LONG-STALKED Panic.—A slender,
ciespitose perennial 1.5 to 3 dm. high, with short, chiefly radical,
pilose leaves and diffuse, small-flowered, long-exserted, hairy
panicles.—Dry or moist pine barrens and damp woods, apparently
rare, eastern Tennessee to eastern North Carolina and Florida.
May-August.

Fic. 63, Panicum colonum L. JUNGLE Ricr.—An erect or
ascending, more or less branching annual 3 to 6 dm. high, wiht
flat leaves and five to ten, densely flowered, one-sided spikes,
1 to 3 em. long, racemose along thé main axis.—Ditches and low
ground, Southeastern Virginia and Tennessee to Florida, Texas, and
southern California. [Widely distributed in tropical and sub-
tropical regions of the Old World.] June—October.

11162—No, 7——6

Fic. 64, Panicum crus-galli L. BARNYARD-GRASS.—A coarse,
ascending or erect, leafy annual 3 to 15 dm. high, with dense pani-
cles and with the third glume awnless to long-awned.—Almost
everywhere in the United States in barnyards, waste ground, and
river banks. Throughout the warmer regions of both hemis-
pheres. Flowers all summer.

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Fic. 65. Cheetocl 1a viridis (L.) Seribn. (Panicum viride L.,
Setaria viridis Beauy.). GREEN FoxTai_.—A_ branching, leafy
annual 3 to 6 dm. high, with bristly, densely many-flowered,
spike-like panicles 5 to 10 cm. long. Bristles usually green and
spikelets smaller than in Yellow Foxtail (Chetochloa glauca).—A
weed in cultivated and waste grounds; naturalized from Europe.
June-October.

S4

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Fic. 66. Cheetochloa corrugata (Ell.) Seribn. (Panicum corru-
gatum Ell.; Setaria corrugata Schult.). RouGH FoxTain.—A
rather slender annual 3 to 9 dm. high, usually much branched
below, with flat leaves and bristly, spike-like panicles 3 to 10 em.
long.—Usually in cultivated land, Georgia and Florida. May—
October.

Fig. 67. Chzetochloa composita Scribn. (Seturia composita
HBK.?). BRANCHING FoxTaiL.—A stout perennial 6 to 12 dm.
high, with broad, flat leaves. and branching, bristly panicles 10 to
25em. long. Spikelets3 mm. long; second glume one-third shorter
thanthe fourth. (No. 3617, A. H. Curtiss.)— Shell islands and keys,
sometimes in old pineapple fields, southern Florida. [West Indies, ]
July—October.

Fic. 68. Cheetochloa italica (L.) Scribn. (Setaria italica
Beauy.). ITALIAN MILLET or HUNGARIAN-GRASS.—A stout and
rapidly growing leafy annual 10 to 24 dm. high, with large com-
pound, nodding, bristly, and nearly cylindrical panicles 20 to 40
cm. long —In cultivated and waste land, escaped from cultivation
or adventive here and there throughout the country. [Europe,
Asia.] July, August.

Fie. 69. Cenchrus tribuloides L. Sanp Bur.—An annual,
with spreading or ascending, much-branched, compressed culms
usually about 3 dm. high, and terminal racemes, of 6 to 20 bur-
like involucres.—Sandy fields, waste ground, river banks, and sea
beaches, Maine and Ontario to South Dakota and Colorado, south
to Florida and southern California. [Mexico and South America. }
June-October.

Fia. 70. Cenchrus myosuroides HBK.; Beal, Grasses N, Am.,
2:160. LONG-sPIKED BuR-GRaAss.—A stout perennial 6 to 8 dm.
high, more or less branching and geniculate below, with flat
leaves and Jong, cylindrical spikes 12 to 20 em. long.—Waste
ground, introduced; southern Florida to Texas. [Mexico, South
America.) August—January.

89

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Fic. 71. Pennisetum setosum (Sw.) Rich.; Beal, Grasses N.
Am., 2: 166.—A stout, branching perennial 9 to 12 dm. high, with
flat leaves and dense, bristly, cylindrical spikes 10 to 15 em.
long.—Southern Florida. [Widely distributed in tropical coun-
tries.] September.

90

Fic. 72. Stenotaphrum secundatum ( Walt.) Kuntze (/sche-
mum secundatum Walt.; Stenotaphrum americanum Schrank.).
MISSION-GRASS.

Extensively creeping perennial, with hard, flat
stems, rather broad leaves, and upright, flowering stems 1.5 to 3
dm, high.—Muddy or moist sandy shores and marshes along the
coast, South Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. [Widely distrib-
uted in tropical America and the Pacific islands.] April-October.

of

Fic. 73. Luziola alabamensis Chapm.; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2: 172.—An aquatic, stoloniferous grass, the upright culms 0.5 to
1.5 dm. high, with long, narrow leaves and the staminate and
pistillate spikelets in separate panicles.—In springy places and
rivulets in the pine barrens, southern Alabama. [Cuba,] June-
October.

iS

PLE

Fic. 74. Homalocenchruslenticularis (Michx.) Seribn. (Leersia
lenticularis Michx.). CATCH-FLY-GRASS.—A rather stout, branch-
ing perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with widely spreading, broad leaf
blades, diffuse panicles, and large, ciliate spikelets. —Marshes and
wet thickets, near the coast, Virginia to Texas, and in the Missis-
sippi Valley from southern Illinois and Missouri to Louisiana.
August, September.

93

Fic. 75. Homalocenchrus hexandrus (Sw.) Britton; Beal
Grasses N. Am., 1: 179 (Leersia hexandra Sw.).—A rather slender,
usually erect, branching grass 6 to 12 dm. high, with narrow,
many-flowered panicles 10 to 15 em. long.—In swamps and
ditches near the coast, North Carolina to Florida and Texas. [In
all tropical and many subtropical countries.] May-September.

o4

Fic. 76. Homalocenchrus oryzcides (Sw.) Poll. (Leersia ory-
zoides Sw.); Britton and Brown, 1]. Fl.,1: 129. Rick CuT-GRass.—
A rather stout, rough, and much-branched grass 6 to 12 dm. high,
with open, pale-green or straw-colored panicles 12 to 25 em. long.—
Along streams and ditches and in marshes, usually in the open,
Nova Seotia and Ontario to Washington, Florida, and Texas.
[Europe and Asia.} August-October.

Leah

a Figs
Fic. 77. Homalocenchrus virginicus (Willd.) Britton, (Leer-
sia virginica Willd.). Wuirk-Grass.—A slender, erect, or ascend-
ing, usually much-branched, perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with
narrow leaves and simple panicles 8 to 12 cm. long.—Moist thick-
ets and low woods, usually along streams, Maine and Ontario to
South Dakota, southward to Florida, and Texas. May-—October.

96

Fic. 78. Homalocenchrus monandrus (Sw.) Britton (Leersia
monandra Sw.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 179. SLENDER CurT-
GRass.—A slender, sparingly branched grass with somewhat wiry
culms 3 to 6 dm. high, and usually glaucous leaves.—Keys of
south Florida (in coral soil) and in southern Texas, [Mexico,
West Indies, and South America.) February—May.

Fic, 79. Phalaris amethystina Trin.; Beal. Grasses N. Am., 2:
183. PURPLE CANARY-GRass.—A stout annual 4 to 9 dm. high,
with broad, flat leaves, and ovoid or oblong, densely-flowered ter-
minal panicles.—Oregon to California and southward to Chile.
June.

11162—No. 7——7

Fic. 80. Phalaris caroliniana Walt. (P. intermedia Bosc.).
SOUTHERN CANARY-GRASS.—A comparatively slender species 3 to
6 dm. high, with rather short, flat leaves, and ovoid, densely flow-
ered, capitate panicles 2 to 5 cm. long.—River bottoms and wet
places, South Carolina to Indian Territory, Texas, Nevada, Cali-
fornia, and Oregon. April.

99

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Fic. 81. Phalaris angusta Nees (P. intermedia angusta Chapm. ).
CALIFORNIA Timotuy.-—A stout grass 6 to 14 dm. high, with nar-
row, densely flowered, spike-like panicles 6 to 12 em. long.—In
wet places, South Carolina and Louisiana to southern California.
[South America.] May. Cultivated to a limited extent in the
Southern States.

100

Fic, 82. Anthoxanthum odoratum IL. SWEET VERNAI-
Grass.—A sweet-scented grass, with slender, erect, tufted culms,
flat leaf-blades and narrow, spike-like terminal panicles.—Abun-
dantly naturalized in lawns, fields, and waysides from Newfound-
land and Ontario to North Carolina and Tennessee. [Europe,
northwestern Asia, and northern Africa.]| May—-September.

Fig. 83. Savastana odorata (L.) Seribn. ( Hierochloé borealis
R. &S8.). VANILLA-GRAsS.—A slender, sweet-scented, stoloniferous
perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with short culm-leayes and brownish,
open panicles. The flat leaves of the sterile shoots are 1 to3 dm.
long.—Newfoundland and New Brunswick to southern New York,
west to Minnesota and Iowa; in the Rockies from British America
south to Arizona and Mexico; Alaska southward in the mountains
to Oregon. [Cooler temperate regions and high mountains of
both hemispheres.] April-August.

r02

Fic. 81. Savastana macrophylla (Thurb.) (Hierochloé macro-
phylla Thurb.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 187. LARGE-LEAFED
VANILLA-GRASS.—A rather stout, native perennial 6 to 10 dm.
high, with long and broad leaves and loosely flowered panicles,

usually about 4 inches long.—Coniferous woods, California and
Oregon. | ‘arch—-May.

103

Fig. 85. Aristida stricta Michx. WuIRE-GRASS.—A rigid, erect
wiry perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with narrow, involute leaves and
strict, spike-like panicles about 30 cm. long.—Dry pine barrens
near the coast, Virginia(?) and North Carolina to Mississippi, often
covering extensive tracts and forming the bulk of the pasturage.
July—October.

Fic, 86. Aristida palustris (Chapm.) Vasey (4. virgata palus-
tris Chapm.). Swamp PoverTy-GRAss.—An upright, rigid peren-
nial 6 to 15 dm. high, with long, narrow leaves, and slender,
interrupted, spicate panicles 30 to 70cm. long.—Moist places near
the coast in the pine barrens, South Carolina to Texas. [Cuba. ]
August-—October.

105

Fic. 87. Aristida gossypina Bose (4. lanata Poir.). WooLy
POVERTY-GRASS.—A rather stout perennial, with simple stems
6 to 12 dm. high, and narrow panicles 30 to 60 cm. long. Lower
sheaths usually wooly.—Dry pine barrens, mostly near the coast,
Delaware to Texas and Indian Territory. September—November.

Fic, 88. Aristida tuberculosa Nutt. LONG-AWNED PovERTY-
GRASS.—A rigid, much-branched perennial 3 to 4.5 dm. high, with
nearly simple panicles 10 to 18 em. long. The widely spread-
ing, nearly equal awns 3 to 4 cm. long.—Dry, sandy soil, near
the coast, Massachusetts to Mississippi; also in Illinois, Wisconsin,
and Minnesota. August—-October,

107

la

Fic. 89. Stipa spartea Trin. PORCUPINE-GRASS.—A stout, erect
perennial, with simple culms 6 to 10 dm. high, Jong, narrow leaves
and few-flowered panicles. The strong, twisted awns are 8 to 15
em. long, and at the base of the flowering glume is a long, pointed,
and bearded callus.—Prairies, Illinois to Colorado, north to Mani-
toba and British Columbia, June-August.

108

Fic. 90. Stipa kingii Boland. (Oryzopsis kingii Beal, Grasses N.
Am., 2:.229).—A slender, erect, cxespitose perennial 2 to 4 dm.
high, with involute, filiform leaves and contracted panicles 8 to
12 cm. long. Awns scabrous.—California and (?) Nevada.

109

Fic. 91. Stipa mongolica Trin.; Beal, Grasses N, Am., 2 : 227
(sub Oryzopsis).—A slender, densely tufted perennial about 3 dm.
high, with short, setaceous leaves and loosely few-flowered pan-
icles. Awns plumose.—Mountains of Colorado. [Eastern Asia. ]

110

Fic. 92. Oryzopsis melanocarpa Muhl. BLack MouNTAIN
RicE.—A rather stout, long- and broad-leafed perennial 3 to 9dm.
high, with narrow, simple panicles of a few, large spikelets.—Open
rocky woods, sometimes on cliffs, Quebee and Ontario to Dela-
ware, Kentucky, Missouri, and Minnesota. July-September.

Fic. 93. Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. WuirE MOUNTAIN
Rice.—A slender perennial 1.5to 5 dm. high, with narrow, simple
panicles 6 to 10 cm. long. The basal leaves, which are 5 to 7 mm.
wide, often overtop the culm.—Woods, Newfoundland, Massachu_
setts and New Jersey, to Minnesota and British Columbia, and
southward in the Rockies to New Mexico. Aprii-July.

Fic. 94. Oryzopsis fimbriata (HBK.) Hemsl.; Beal, Grasses
N. Am., 2: 231.—A slender, tufted perennial 5 to 8 dm. high, with
very narrow, involute leaves and loosely flowered panicles 10 to
13 em. long.—In canyons and under limestone cliffs, mountains of
western Texas to California. [Mexico and Lower California. ]
July-September.

WU 4

Fic. 95. Oryzopsis exigua Thurb.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
227. Lirrte Mountain Rice.—A slender native perennial 1.5 to
3 dm. high, with filiform leaves, and narrow, simple, few-flowered
panicles 2 to 5 cm. long.—Among rocks in canyons and on moun-
tain tops, Montana and Wyoming to Utah, Oregon, and Washing-
ton. June-August.

11162—No. 7——8

114

ULULG

Fic. 96. Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. & Rupr.) Thurb. SMALL-
FLOWERED MOUNTAIN RicE.—A slender, erect perennial, usually
about 6 dm. high, with narrow leaves and small-flowered, open
panicles 8 to 16 cm. long.—Woods, river bluffs, and mountain
sides, South Dakota to Nebraska, Colorado, New Mexico, and
Arizona. June-August.

Fic. 97. Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt. (Stipa membranacea Pursh,
not Linn. ; Oryzopsis membranacea V.). INDIAN MILLET.—A native
perennial, growing in bunches 3 to 7 dm. high, with narrow,
involute leaves and peculiarly branched, diffuse panicles 12 to 15
em. long.—Grassy slopes, dry hillsides, sandy river banks, about
springs in deserts, in cultivated fields, etc., South Dakota to New
Mexico, California, and British Columbia. [Mexico.] May-Sep-
tember.

116

Fig. 98, Milium effusum L. WiLtp MILLer.—A_ pale-green
perennial, with simple culms 6 to 14 dm. high, broad, flat, spread-
ing leaves and diffuse panicles 15 te 18 em. long.—Woods and
ravines, Cape Breton Island to western Ontario, Pennsylvania,
Michigan, and Minnesota. [Europe, Asia.] June, July.

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Fic. 99. Muhlenbergia diffusa Schreb. N1MBLE WILL.—A low,
slender perennial, with ascending, much-branched wiry culms 3 to
6 dm. long, flat leaf-blades and narrow, rather densely flowered
panicles.—In shade in thickets, borders of woods, waste ground
about dwellings, ete , Maine and Ontario to Minnesota, Kansas,
Texas, and Florida. {Mexico(?)] August-January (in Louisiana).

Fic. 100. Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. MEXICAN Drop-
SEED.—An upright or ascending, usually much-branched perennial
3 to 9 dm. high, with a scaly, creeping rootstock, numerous, flat
leaf blades and contracted, densely flowered panicles.—Sandy or
rocky banks of streams and low thickets, New Brunswick and
Ontario to North Carolina, Indian Territory, and South Dakota.

Fia. 101. Muhlenbergia tenuiflora ( Willd.) B. S. P. (ML. willde-
novii Trin.). SLENDER-FLOWERED DROPSEED.—An erect, simple
or sparingly branched perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with creeping,
scaly rootstocks, flat leaf blades and rather few-flowered, linear
panicles.—Rocky woods, Massachusetts to Ontario, Minnesota,
Texas, Alabama, and Virginia. August, September.

120

FiGc.102. Muhlenbergia sylvatica Torr. WoopLanp DRop-
SEED.—A perennial, usually much-branched grass 6 to 9 dm. high,
with strong, scaly rootstocks, flat leaves and narrow, densely
flowered panicles 5 to 15 em. long.—In rocky woods, and wooded
banks of streams, New Brunswick and Ontario to North Carolina,
Tennessee, Texas, Kansas, and Minnesota. August-—October.

Fic. 103. Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B.S. P.; Britton
and Brown Ill. Fl., 1: 143 (./. glomerata Trin.).. W1Lp TIMOTHY.—
A rather stout, upright perennial, with very tough and densely
scaly rootstocks, nearly simple culms 6 to 9 dm. high, and densely
flowered, narrow panicles 5 to 10 em. long.—Moist meadows and
low grounds, Newfoundland to New Jersey, Missouri, Arizona,
and British Columbia. June-September.

122

Fic. 104. Muhlenbergia pringlei Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2 : 257.—An erect, densely ciespitose, wiry perennial, with simple
culms 3 to 4 din. high, involute-tiliform leaves and slender, con-
tracted, often purplish panicles 6 to 10 cm. long.—Canyons, basins,
and shaded ledges, mountains of New Mexico and Arizona.
[Mexico.] May-September

123

Fic. 105. Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn. in Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2 : 259 (M. texcana Thurb. not Buckley ).—A much-branched native
perennial, with slender, somewhat wiry stems 3 to 6 dm. long,
rather short, narrow leaves, and diffuse panicles. Valuable for
grazing and for hay.—Dry mesas and table-lands, Texas to Ari-
zona, Nevada, and California. [Mexico.] Angust, September.

124

Fig. 106. Muhlenbergia gracillima Torr. ; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2: 261.—A densely tufted perennial, with slender culms 2 to 4 dm.
high, numerous involute basal leaves and open capillary pani-
cles 10 to 15 em. long.—Dry plains, Kansas to Colorado, Texas, and
Arizona. July-October.

Fic. 107. Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb.; Britton and Brown,
Ill. Fl., 1: 146.—A rigid, native perennial 3 to 4.5 dm. high,
with firm, sharp-pointed leaves and open panicles about 15 cm.
long.—Dry soil, sand hills and plains, Nebraska to Utah, Texas
and Arizona, July—October.

126

a

Fic. 108. Muhlenbergia filiculmis Vasey; Contrib. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 1: 267; Beal,Grasses N. Am., 2: 250. THREAD-LIKE MUHLEN-
BERGIA.—A low, tufted perennial with filiform scape-like culms 1.5
to 3.5 dm. high, setaceous radical leaves and narrow, spike-like
panicles 2 to 5 em. long.—Sandy soil, Ute Pass, E] Paso County,
in moist prairies at Como, Park County, and on the mesas at Twin
Lakes, Lake County, Colorado; alt. 2,000 to 3,000 m. July-Sep-
tember.

127

Fic. 109. Muhlenbergia schaffneri Fourn; Beal, Grasses N.
Am., 2: 239.—A low, cespitose, branching annual 2 to 10 cm.
high, with short leaves and simple, spike-like panicles. Awn of
the flowering glume 1 to 7 lines long.—‘‘ Dry, gravelly patches of
thin soil,” mountains of Arizona and New Mexico. [Mexico.]
September.

128

Fic. 110. Muhlenbergia virescens (HBK.) Trin.; Beal, Grasses
N. Am., 2: 242.—A rather slender, erect perennial about 6 dm.
high, with long, narrow leaves and a strict, pale-green or straw-
colored panicle about 15 em. long.—At an altitude of 1,800 to
2,400 m. on the mountains of Arizona and New Mexico. [Mexico. ]

May, June.

129

Fire. 111. Muhlenbergia gracilis Trin.; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2: 242.—A slender, but rather rigid, densely c:espitose perennial
1.5 to 6 dm. high, with narrow, involute leaves, and contracted
panicles 8 to 15 em. long.—Ascending to 2,700 m. or more, Texas
to Arizona, Colorado, and Wyoming. [Mexico.] June-September.

11162—No, 7——9

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Fic. 112. Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv. (B. aris-
tatum R.& 8.). BEARDED SHORT-HUSK.—A perennial, with simple
culms 3 to 9 dm. high, flat, spreading leaf blades and few-flowered,
simple, terminal panicles.—Open, rocky woods, Newfoundland to
North Carolina, Alabama, Missouri, and Minnesota and Ontario.

May-August.

131

Fic. 113. Heleochloa schcenoides (L.) Host (Phleum schen-
oides L.; Crypsis schenvides Lam.). RUSH-LIKE TIMoTHY.—A
diffusely branching cespitose annual 1 to 3 dm. high, with in-
flated sheaths, rather short, spreading leaves, and densely flow-
ered ovate, or oblong, spike-like panicles.—Waste ground about
New York City, Philadelphia, ete., sparingly naturalized.
[Europe and Asia.] July, August.

132

Fic. 114. Phleum pratense L. Timormy.—A perennial with
erect, simple culms 3 to 12 dm. high and dense, cylindrical, spike-
like panicles 2.5 to 10 em. long.—Widely cultivated and completely
naturalized in fields, waysides, and waste ground throughout the
United States and British America. [Europe and Asia.] June-
August.

133

Fic. 115. Alopecurus geniculatus L. FLOATING FoxtTaIL.—A
slender perennial, with culms decumbent and branched at base,
then erect or ascending, 1.5 to 6 dm. high, flat, spreading leaves
and dense, spike-like, slender panicles 2.5 to 7.5 em. long.—Wet
meadows, banks of streams and ditches throughout the United
States, and from Newfoundland to British Columbia. [Europe and
Asia.] April-September.

134

Fic. 116. Alopecurus pratensis L. Mrapow FoxtarL.—An
erect, smooth perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with short, creeping root-
stocks, flat, spreading leaf blades, and dense, cylindrical, spike-
like panicles 5to 10 em. long.—Naturalized in fields and meadows,
Labrador to southern New York, Ohio and Michigan; also Oregon,
Idaho, and California. [Europe, Asia, and Africa.] June, July.

135

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Fic. 117. Alopecurus occidentalis Seribn. (4. pratensis alpestris
A. Gray). Mountain Foxtain.—An erect, rather slender grass
6 to 9 dm. high, with shorter and thicker heads than those of
Meadow Foxtail.—Wet meadows and banks of streams, high moun-
tains of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Colorado. June-Septem-
ber. <A valuable hay grass.

136

Fic, 118. Phippsia algida (Soland.) R. Br.; Britton and
Brown, Ill. Fl.,1: 150, Puippsta.—a low, tufted, glabrous peren-
nial 2 to 10 em. high, with narrow, soft, and flat leaves and con-
tracted, simple panicles.—Arctic North America and on the highest
mountain peaks of Colorado. [Greenland, arctic Europe, and
Asia.] July, August.

UuU9

Fic. 119. Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth (Agrostis asper
Michx.). PRAIRIE-GRASS.—A rather slender perennial 3 to 9 dm.
high, with usually long, involute-filiform leaf blades and con-
tracted, linear panicles 5 to 15 cm. long.—In dry, sandy soil,
open woods and glades, Long Island to Florida, west to Texas,
Missouri, and Illinois. August-October. Avoided by stock ex-
cepting when young.

FiG. 120. Sporobolus longifolius (Torr.) Wood; Britton and
Brown, Ill. Fl., 1: 151. LONG-LEAFED SPOROBOLUS.—A stout per-
ennial 3.5 to 10 dm. high, with very long, attenuate-pointed
leaves, and strict, spike-like panicles 3 to 10 inches long, which
are more or less included in the inflated leaf sheaths.—Dry, sandy
soil, Maine to Pennsylvania, South Dakota and Utah, south to
Texas and Florida. August-October.

139

Fic. 121. Sporobolus heterolepis A. Gray. STRONG-SCENTED
SporoBoLus.—A rather stout, somewhat wiry, cxespitose peren-
nial 6 to 9 dm. high, with very long basal leaves and loose, open
panicles.—In dry soil, prairies, ete., Connecticut to Quebec, lowa
and Nebraska and Wyoming, thence south to Texas and north to
Assiniboia and Saskatchewan. August, September.

140

Fic. 122. Sporobolus interruptus Vasey; Beal, Grasses N.
Am., 2: 286.—A rather stout, erect perennial with simple culms
about 4 dm. high, flat leaves and narrow but loosely flowered
panicles 10 to 18 em. long.—In forests, mountains of Arizona.
August, September.

Fic. 123. Sporobolus floridanus Chapm.—aA rather stout, erect
perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with long, narrow leaves and diffuse
panicles2.5to5cm.long. Pedicelscapillary ; spikelets purplish.—
Moist pine barrens near the coast, North Carolina to western
Florida. July-September.

142

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Fra. 124. Sporobolus curtissii (Vasey) Small. (S. foridanus cur-
tissii Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 290).—A wiry, erect perennial
3 to 6 dm. high, with very long leaves and loosely flowered, open
panicles 15 to 25 em. long.—Moist pine barrens, northeastern
Florida. July—November.

143

Fig. 125. Sporobolus compressus (Torr.) Kunth. (Agrostis com-
pressa Torr.), FLAT-STEMMED SPOROBOLUS.—A cespitose peren-
nial, with short, scaly rootstocks, flattened culms 3 to 6 dm. high,
rather long, conduplicate leaves and open, capillary panicles 10 to

30 cm. long.—In bogs and pine barrens, Long Island and New
Jersey. September, October.

144

Fic. 126. Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. SmMuT-GRAss.—A
tufted, wiry, erect perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with simple culms
and narrow, densely flowered, spike-like panicles 10 to 30 em.
long.—Abundantly naturalized in waste ground, waysides, fields,
and pastures. Virginia and Tennessee to Florida, Arkansas, Texas,
and California; occasional in the Eastern cities. [Native or nat-
uralized in all tropical countries.] _March-September.

Fic. 127. Sporobolus airoides Torr. FINE-TOP SALT-GRASS.—
A stout, coarse, and rigid perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with long, nar-
row leaves and open, spreading panicles of many small spikelets.—
Moist or dry, usually saline or alkaline soil in deserts, prairies,
along streams, in meadows, etc., Nebraska and Kansas to Idaho,
California, Texas, and Arizona. [Mexico and Lower California. ]
July-September.

11162—No. 7——10

Fic. 128. Sporobolus argutus (Nees) Kunth (Vilfa arguta
Nees.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 301.—A ciespitose perennial 2 to
4 dm. high, with flat leaves and open (at first strict) panicles 3 to
5 em. long.—‘‘Sand dunes and sandy flats near river banks,”
Kansas and Colorado to Texas and western Louisiana, also in
southern Florida. [Mexico and West Indies.] May-—September.

147

Fic. 129. Sporobolus confusus (Fourn.) Vasey; Beal, Grasses
N. Am., 2: 294.—A slender, branching, tufted annual 0.8 to 2 dm.
high, with loose sheaths, flat leaves, and capillary, ovoid or oblong
panicles 8 to 15 em. long.—Sandy banks of streams, moist places
in sandy plains, canyons, ete., Texas to California, and in Colo-
rado and Montana. [Mexico.] July-September.

148

Fig. 130, Epicampesrigens (Boland.); Benth. ; Beal, Grasses N.
Am., 2: — (Cinna macroura Thurb. not Kunth; Vilfa rigens Boland.
not Trin.). Drrr-Grass.—A stout, erect perennial, with rigid,
wiry culms 9 to 12 dm. high; long, narrow leaves and very long,
narrow, and densely flowered spike-like panicles.—In the foot-
hills, Texas to Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Cal-
ifornia. [Mexico.] July-November. A bunch-grass of some
agricultural value.

149

Fic, 131. Bpicampes ligulata Scribn. sp. nov.—A stout, rigid
perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with narrow, very scabrous leaves and
strict, rather densely flowered panicles 20 to 40cm. long. Leaves
long-attenuate pointed, rigid, and subinvolute at the base, where
they are much narrower than the rigid ligule, which is 10 to 30 mm.
long. Spikelets dark purple, glumes subequal.—Cool slopes and
canyons, mountains of New Mexico and Arizona. [Mexico.] Au-
gust, September.

150

a

FiG. 132. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. BrARD-
GRASS.—A smooth annual from a few centimeters to 6 to 9 dim.
high, with awned 1-flowered spikelets crowded in dense spike-
like panicles.—In fields and waste places, sparingly naturalized
along the Atlantic Coast from New Hampshire to South Carolina;
abundantly on the Pacific Slope from California to Vancouver
Island, and in Arizona, Nevada, and Colorado. [Europe and
Asia.] April-October.

a b Gwe

Fig. 133. Limnodia arkansana (Nutt.); Dewey in Contrib.
U. S. Nat. Herb., 2: 518 (Greenia arkansana Nutt.; Thurberia
arkansana Benth.).—A slender annual 2 to 6 dm. high, more or less
geniculate at the lower nodes, with soft, flat leaves and narrow,
loosely flowered panicles 8 to 18 cm. long. Outer glumes sca-
brous or pilose.—Shell banks, woods, etc., western Florida to
Arkansas and southern Texas. April-June.

152

Fic. 134. Cinna arundinacea L. INDIAN REED.—A tall, leafy
grass 9 to 21 dm. high, with simple culms, flat leaf blades, and
ample terminal panicles.—Shaded swamps, banks of streams and
low thickets, Newfoundland to North Carolina, Alabama, Texas,
South Dakota, and the Northwest Territory. May-September.

153

I hig

Fie. 135. Agrostis humilis Vasey (4. varians Trin. ? not Thuill.).
—A dwarf, slender perennial6 to 12 cm. high, with short, flat leaves
and contracted, purplish panicles 2 to 3 em. long.—Moist meadows,
or mossy and springy places, at 2,100 to 3,000 m. altitude on the
mountains of Colorado, Wyoming, Washington, Oregon, and Mon-
tana. August, September.

154

Fic. 136. Agrostis coarctata Ehrh. (Stolonifera coarctata
Reichb).—A creeping perennial with slender culms, the upright
branches about 3 dm. high, short, flat leaves and narrow, rather
densely flowered panicles 5 to 10 em. long.—Damp soil and sands
along the coast, Newfoundland to New Jersey. [Europe.] July-
October. A fine-leafed, excellent turf-forming species, valuable
for lawns.

155

Fic. 137. Agrostis densiflora Vasey; Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb.,
3: 72 (1892); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 326. DENSELY-FLOWERED
BrENT.—A rather stout, cxespitose perennial 1.5 to 4.5 dm. high,
with short and comparatively broad leaves and densely, many-
flowered, almost spike like panicles 3 to 8 em. long.—Oregon and
California, along the coast, apparently rare. July, August.

156

Fic. 138. Agrostis pringlei Scribn. sp. nov.—A strongly stolo-
niferous grass, with rather slender, upright or ascending culms 3
to 6 dm. high, narrow and rather rigid flat leaves, and loosely
flowered, narrow panicles 5 to 15 em. long. Flowering glumes
much shorter than the acuminate outer ones, and remarkable for
the long hairs on the callus.—Plains, Mendocino County, Cal-
ifornia (Pringle), and northward to Oregon (?). August.

157

‘

Fic. 139. Agrostis diegoensis Vasey (4. foliosa Vasey); Beal,
Grasses N. Am., 2: 328.—A strong-growing, leafy perennial 6 to
10 dm. bigh, from creeping rootstocks, with pale-green, narrow,
and many-flowered panicles 15 to20cem. long. Spikelets 2 to 3mm.
long; flowering glume short-awned or awnless; palea wanting.—
Mountains of southern California to Washington. May-August.

158

SUL G

Fic. 140. Agrostis elliottiana Schult. (4. arachnoides El1.).
SPIDER BENT-GRAsS.—A low, branching annual, rarely exceeding
3dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and diffuse, capillary panicles.
The flowering glume bears a long and very slender awn.—Dry
hillsides and old fields, South Carolina to Kentucky and Missouri,

south to Florida and Texas. April, May.

Fic. 141. Gastridium lendigerum (L.) Gaudin. (G. australe
Beauv.; Milium lendigerum Linn.). N1T-GRASS.—A smooth annual
1.5 to 6 dm. high, with flat leaves and a strict, spike-like panicle 6
to 12 em. long; cultivated for ornament.—Hills, naturalized, Cali-
fornia and Oregon; also in Texas. [Southern Europe.] June,

July.

160

Fic. 142, Calamagrostis crassiglumis Thurb.; Beal, Grasses
N. Am., 2: 353 (as a var. of C. neglecta).—A rigid, erect perennial
1.5to4 dm. high, from creeping rootstocks, with long basal leaves
and dense, oblong, spike-like panicles 4 to 6 em. long.—Wet ground
and gravelly lake shores, California to Vancouver Island. July,
August.

Fic. 143. Calamagrostis breviseta (A. Gray) Seribn.; Britton
and Brown Ill. Fl., 1: 164 (C. pickeringii A. Gray). SHORT-
AWNED ReEp-GrRass.—A slender perennial 3 to 5 dm. high, with
flat leaves and narrow or subpyramidal, rather densely flowered
purplish panicles 8 to 12 em. long.—Moist ground, Newfoundland,
Cape Breton Island, and Labrador to New Hampshire, Vermont,
and Massachusetts. July, August.

11162—No. 7——11

162

Fira. 144. Calamagrostis deschampsioides Trin. ; Beal, Grasses
N. Am., 2: 339.—A slender perennial with culms 1.5 to 3 dm. high,
from creeping rootstocks, with narrow leaves 3 to 7 em. long and
open, pyramidal panicles 4 to 8 em. long.—Pribilof Islands, Alaska,
southward to California. [Kamchatka.] August.

163

Fig. 145. Calamagrostis aleutica Trin.; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2: 346.—A stout, erect perennial 6 to 15 dm. high, with long and
rather stiff, flat leaves and densely many-flowered, narrow pani-
cles 15 to 30 cm. long.—Along the seashore, in rocky or marshy
places, Alaska and Unalaska to California. June-September.

Fic. 146. Calamagrostis tweedyi Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N.
Am., 2: 348.—A stout perennial 7 to 10 dm. high, with rather
broad, tlat leaves and densely flowered, spike-like panicles & to
12 ecm, long.—Cascade Mountains, Washington.

165

Fic. 147. Calamagrostis bolanderi Thurb.; Beal, Grasses N.
Am., 2: 352.—A stout perennial 6 to 15 dm. high, with flat leaves
10 to 30 em. long and expanded, dark-purple panicles 8 to 20 em.
long.—Moist woodlands, northwestern California. August.

166

Fic. 148. Calamagrostis howellii Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2: 339.—A densely cwspitose, erect, leafy perennial 2.5 to 5 dm.
high, with long and narrow basal leaves and open panicles 8 to 15
em. long. Spikelets long-awned.—High mountains, Oregon and
Washington. June-August.

167

Fic.149. Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link (4. arundinacea Host.).
BEACH-GRASS, MARRAM-GRASS.—A coarse, erect perennial, with
creeping rootstocks, rigid culms 6 to 12 dm. high, long leaves, and
narrow, densely flowered, spike-like terminal panicles 12 to 25 em.
long.—Sandy coasts of the Atlantic from New Brunswick south
to Virginia, and shores of the Great Lakes. [Europe.] July-
October.

168

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Fig. 150. Calamovilfa brevipilis (Torr.) Scribn. (Arundo brevi-
pilis Torr.), SHORT-HAIRED REED-GRASS.—A rather slender,
smooth perennial 9 to 12 dm. high, with very narrow leaves and
open panicles 8 to 24 cm. long.—Sandy swamps in the pine bar-
rens of New Jersey. August, September.

169

Fic. 151. Holcus lanatus L. VELVET GRaAss.—A perennial 3
to 6 dm. high, with creeping rootstocks, flat leaves, and open
panicles 5 to 8 cm. long; usually densely pubescent all over with
soft, whitish hairs.—Introduced into this country from Enrope
with other grasses and now widely distributed. May-August.

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Fic. 152. Aira caryophyllea L.
slender, tufted annual 1 to 3 dm. high, with short leaves and

small-flowered, open panicles 2 to 8 cm. long.—In sandy waste
places, Massachusetts to Virginia; also on the Pacific Coast. In-

troduced from Europe. May-August.

SILVERY HAIR-GRASS.—A

1h

Fig. 153. Aira preecox L. Earty WILD OatT-Grass.—A tufted,
erect or ascending annual 2 to 12 em. high, with a contracted
panicle 1 to 2 em. long.—Introduced and sparingly distributed in
the Middle States near the coast, growing in sandy soil. Also on
Vancouver Island. [Europe.] May-July.

172

Fic. 154. Deschampsia holciformis Presl.; Beal, Grasses N.
Am., 2: 370. CALIFORNIAN Hatr-GrRass.—A stout, erect perennial
6 to 15 dm. high, with long and rather rigid basal leaves and
densely flowered, more or less interrupted panicles 12 to 24 em.
long.—Moist meadows, California near the coast. April.

173

Fic. 155. Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. TUFTED Haltr-
GrAss.—A slender, erect perennial about 6 dm. high, with involute-
setaceous, radical leaves and diffuse panicles.—Labrador south-
ward along the mountains to North Carolina and Tennessee, and
westward from New York to Wisconsin. [Greenland and Europe. ]
May-August.

174

Beal,

Fic. 156. Deschampsia elongata (Hook.) Munro;
Grasses N. Am., 2: 371. SLENDER HaArr-GRAsS.—A slender peren-
nial 3 to 12 dm. high, with narrow panicles 15 to 38 cm. long.—
Montana to British Columbia and southward on the Pacific Slope

to Mexico. May-Angust.

175

Fic. 157. Deschampsia calycina Presl (Aira danthonioides
Trin.). OatT-Like Harr-Grass.—A rather slender, erect, cespitose
grass from 1 to 7 dm. high, with more or less spreading panicles.—
Native along the Pacific Slope from Canada to California, east-
ward to Utah, and southward through Mexico to Peru. April-
July.

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Fic. 158. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele. Moun-
TAIN Hatr-GRAss.—A slender, alpine grass 1.5 to 4 dm. high, with
flat leaves and few-flowered, nodding panicles 3 to 12 em. long.—
Labrador, White Mountains, Adirondacks, Rocky Mountains in
Colorado, northward to Alaska, [Northern Europe and Asia. ]
July-September.

Er er

Fic. 159. Trisetum palustre (Michx.) Torr. MarsH Oart-
GRASS.—A slender, loosely tufted perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, with
flat, soft leaves and loosely flowered, nodding, and yellowish green
panicles.—On moist rocks, along brooks, in wet meadows, etc.,
Massachusetts to Illinois, south to Florida and Louisiana; British
Columbia. April-June.

11162—No, 7——12

Fic. 160. Trisetum subspicatum (L.) Beauv. (dira subspicata
L.). Downy Oat-GRass.—A slender, erect perennial 1.5 to 4.5
dm. high, with usually downy culms and leaves and densely
many-flowered, spike-like panicles.—Widely distributed in the
cooler temperate regions of both hemispheres, ranging in North
America from Labrador to Alaska and extending southward in the
Eastern States to the mountains of North Carolina and Tennes-
see, and in the West to New Mexico and California. June-Sep-
tember.

M9

Fic.161. Trisetum montanum Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
379. Rocky Mountain Oat-GRAss.—A slender, erect, or ascend-
ing native grass 3 to 8 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and
many-flowered, more or less contracted panicles 8 to 12 cm. long.—
Mountains of Colorado and New Mexico. July, August.

Fic, 162. Trisetum interruptum Buckl.; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2: 376, under T. elongatum. SLENDER OAT-GRASS.—A Slender,
erect annual 2 to5 dm. high, with rather short, soft leaves and
narrow, elongated panicles 4 to 10 em. long.—Colorado to Texas,
Arizona, and southern California. March—May.

181

Fic. 163. Trisetum canescens Buckl.; Brewer and Wats., Bot.
Calif., 2: 296. SitveRyY OaT-GRASS.—An erect perennial 3 to 12
din, high, with flat leaves, and more or less densely flowered pan-
icles 12 to 18 em. long.—In dry, open ground, open woods, thickets,
and wet meadows, California to British Columbia, east to Mon-
tana. May-September.

182

Fic. 164. Trisetum cernuum Trin.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
379. NODDING OAT-GRASS.—A slender perennial 6 to 10 dm. high,
with rather broad, flat leaves and loosely flowered, nodding pani-
cles 12 to 20 em. long.—Alaska to northern California and east-

ward to Idaho. May-July.

183

WMuUue

Fie. 165. Avena americana (Scribn.) (4. pratensis var. ameri-
cana Seribn.; A. hookeriScribn.). AMERICAN OaT.—A rigidly erect
perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with narrow, firm leaves, and con-
tracted panicles 8 to 12 cm. long.—Open thickets and prairies,
Manitoba, and in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains south-
ward to Colorado. June-August.

184

Fig. 166. Avena mortoniana Scribn.; Bot. Gaz., 21: 133.
MORTON’s Oat-GRASS.—A densely ciespitose, erect perennial 1 to
2.5 dm. high, with rather rigid leaves and narrow, simple pani-
cles of one- to two-flowered spikelets.—At 3,900 to 4,200 m. alti-
tude, mountains of Colorado. August.

185

Fic. 167. Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. (Avena elatior
L.). TALL OatT-GRAss.—A loosely tufted perennial 6 to 12 dm. high,
with flat leaves and narrow, loosely flowered panicles 15 to 20 cm.
long.—Introduced from Europe as a fodder grass. Valuable; in
Europe regarded as one of the best meadow grasses. May, June.

Fic. 168. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauy. (Avena spicata L.).
WILD OaT-GRass.—A smooth, slender, erect perennial 2.5 to 5 dm.
high, with a few-flowered, narrow panicle spreading only in
flower.—Common in dry, thin soils from Canada southward to
the Gulf States and westward to Texas. May-September.

187

Fic. 169. Danthonia compressa Austin. TENNESSEE OAT-
Grass.—A slender, erect, tufted perennial 2 to 6 dim. high, with
long, narrow root leaves, and few-flowered open panicles.—Moun-
tain regions of eastern Tennessee and North Carolina northward to
Canada, June-August.

188

Fic. 170. Danthonia sericea Nutt. SitKy OaT-GRASS.—A
rather stout, erect perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with usually pubes-
cent sheaths, rather rigid leaves, large spikelets, and terminal,
few-flowered panicles.—Open woodlands in dry soil, Massachu-
setts and New Jersey to Florida and west to Tennessee and Ala-
bama. May, June.

wa Ol

Fic, 171. Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze (Panicum dactylon L. ;
Cynodon dactylon Pers.). BERMUDA-GRASS.—A creeping perennial,
with upright or ascending, leafy flowering branches 1 to 6 dm.
high.— Widely dispersed over the tropical and warmer temperate
regions of the world, in the United States from Pennsylvania south-
ward to Florida and westward to Texas and California. April—
October. (The name Capriola may belong to Panicum sanguinale.)

190

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27 dm. high, with long, flat leaves and terminal panicles of twenty

¢.—Brackish

to fifty crowded, ascending spikes 5 to 10 em. lon

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July—October.

marshes along the coast, Maine to Mississippi.

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Fic. 173. Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Willd. FResHwatrer
Corp-Grass.—A stout, erect grass 6 to 18 dm. high, with un-
branched, smooth culms from strong, scaly, creeping rootstocks,
long, tough leaf blades, and tive to twenty spikes, forming a ter-
minal panicle.—River banks and lake shores, also brackish coast
marshes, Maine and Noya Scotia to Assiniboia and Oregon, south
to New Jersey, western Tennessee, Texas, and Colorado. July-
October.

192

Fic. 174. Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. (Dactylis patens Ait.;
Spartina juncea Ell.). FOx-Grass.—A rather slender and some-
what wiry grass 3 to 6 (rarely 9) dm. high, with two to four slen-
der, erect or widely spreading spikes.—Salt marshes and sandy
shores along the coast from Newfoundland to Florida and west-
ward to Texas. June-September.

193

Fic. 175. Spartina gracilis Trin. WESTERN CorpD-GRASS.—A
comparatively slender, perennial species 3 to 9 dm. high, with flat
leaves, and three to nine rather short, appressed spikes.—Mead-
ows, Swamps, and river bottoms, especially in alkaline soils, South
Dakota to Kansas, west to British Columbia, Nevada, and Cali-
fornia. March-August.

11162—No. 7——13

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Fig. 176. Spartina junciformis Engelm. & Gray (S. densiflora
Brongn. (?); S. gouini Fourn.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 400.
RUSH-LIKE SPARTINA.—A stout perennial 6 to 15 dm. high, with
very long, narrow leaves and short, appressed spikes, which form
a cylindrical, spike-like inflorescence 10 to 30 em. long.—Brack-
ish marshes along the Gulf Coast, Key West, Florida to Texas.
[Mexico and Chile.?| June—Octover.

Fic.177. Spartina stricta maritima (Walt.) Secribn. (Dactylis
maritima Walt.; Spartina glabra Muhl.). CREEK SEDGE or
THATCH.—An erect and often stout salt-marsh grass from 6 to 24
dm. high, with long, flat leaves and few to many, erect, appressed
spikes.—Along ditches and creeks of the salt marshes of both the
Atlantie and Pacific coasts. July—October.

196

Ras
WSS

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Fig. 178. Campulosus aromaticus (Walt.) Trin. (Bgilops
aromatica Walt.; Ctenium americanum Spreng.). TOOTHACHE-
GRASS.—An erect perennial 9 to 12 dm. high, from strong, lemon-
scented and pungent rootstocks, with narrow leaves and usually
a single, terminal, curved, pectinate spike 4 to 10 em. long.—

Southern Virginia to Florida and westward to Mississippi. July,
August.

Fic. 179. Campulosus chapadensis Trin. (Clenium chapadense
Doell).—An erect perennial 8 to 12 dm. high, with narrow leaves
and usually single, terminal, more or less curved spikes. More
slender than C. aromaticus, with narrower glumes, and more deli-
cate and longer awns.—Florida, in the ‘‘flat woods” regions.
July—October.

Fic. 180. Chloris glauca (Chapm.) Vasey (Eustachys glauca
Chapm.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 408. SMOOTH CHLORIS.—A
strong-growing perennial, with diffusely spreading and ascending
culms 6 to 12 dm. long, bearing 10 to 25 slender terminal spikes.
Culms and sheaths strongly flattened.—Brackish marshes and
along the borders of cypress swamps, Florida. July-September.

139

Fic. 181. Chloris neglecta Nash in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club., 22;
423.—A rather stout perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with compressed,
glabrous culms and sheaths, flat leaves 10 to 35 cm. long, and four
to six terminal spikes & to 12 em. long. Closely allied to and
much resembling C. floridana.—Low pine lands, Florida. October.

200

Fos
SESY

Fic. 182. Chloris petreea Sw.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 408

(sub. C. swartziana Doell), SEASIDE FINGER-GRASS.—A creeping,

glaucous perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with obtuse, flat leaves and

three to eight slender spikes 4 to 7 cm. Jong.—Southern Florida

to southeastern Texas. [West Indies and Central and South Amer-

ica.] March-October.

201

a’

Fig. 183. Chloris floridana (Chapm.) Vasey (Hustachys jlori-
dana Chapm.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 407.—A smooth, rather
slender perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with compressed culms and
sheaths, flat leaves and one or two spikes 6 to8 cm. long. The
spikes in this and in C. neglecta are stouter than in C, petrea.—Dry,
sandy soil, Florida. July—October.

202

Fic. 184. Chloris cucullata Bisch.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
407.—A rather slender, ciespitose perennial 2 to 4 dm. high, with
narrow, flat leaves and eight to twelve spikes digitate or umbel-
late at the apex of the culms. Uppermost glumes cucullate.—
Sandy plains, Texas to Arkansas. March-September.

Fic. 185. Chloris verticillata Nutt. WINDMILL-GRAsS.—A low,
spreading perennial, with rather stout, upright flowering branches
1.5 to5 dm. high and numerous widely spreading, slender spikes
8 to 13 em. long.—Prairies, Kansas to Texas. A good turf former.
May-September.

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eT
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F1G. 186. Chloris elegans HBK. (C. alba Presl); Beal, Grasses
N. Am., 2: 403.—An erect perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with slightly
inflated sheaths, flat leaves and eight to twelve silky-bearded
spikes, clustered or umbellate at the apex of the culms.—Dry
mesas and desert hills of western Texas, southern Arizona, New
Mexico, southern California and southward. Anornamental grass.
June-November.

Fic. 187. Chloris polydactyla (L.) Sw. (Andropogon polyadc-
tylon L.). MANyY-SPIKiD CHLORIS.—A rather stout, leafy peren-
nialabout6 dm. high, with numerous, more or less flexuose, brown-
ish spikes 8 to 13 em. long.—Florida. [West Indies and South

America. |

206

Fic. 188. Chloris texensis Nash in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 23:
151.—A smooth, glaucous perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, the crowded
lower sheaths compressed, with tlat leaves and five toeight slender,
terminal, digitate spikes 10 to 18 em. long.—Texas. [Mexico?. ]

207

Fic. 189. Trichloris blanchardiana Scribn. (7. fasciculata
Fourn.).—A rather stout perennial 5 to 10 dm. high, with long,

narrow leaves and many, slender, bearded spikes, which are fasci-

culate or subdigitate at the apex of the culm.—Dry plains and

May-—September.

mesas, Texas to Arizona.

208

Cf

Fic. 190. Trichloris pluriflora Fourn. MANY-FLOWERED TRI-
CHLORIS.—A glaucous, erect perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with long,
flat leaves and numerous erect, many-flowered, bearded spikes 8 to
15 cm. long. Spikelets three- to four-flowered.—Southern and
western Texas. [Mexico.] May-July.

b

Fic. 191. Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) B.S. P.; Britton
and Brown, Ll. Fl.,1:178 (G. racemosus Beauy.). NAKED BEARD-
GRASS.—A loosely tufted, erect or ascending perennial 30 to 45 em.
high, with short and broad leaf blades and numerous (fifteen to
thirty), slender and widely spreading spikes irregularly scattered
along the common rachis.—Dry soil, fields, hillsides, and borders
of woods, New Jersey to Missouri, Indian Territory, Texas, and
Florida. July—October.

11162—No. 7——14

210

——

> —

Fic. 192, Gymnopogon brevifolius Trin. SHorT-LEAFED
BEARD-GRASS.—A slender, loosely tufted and many-jointed peren-
nial, with erect or ascending culms 3 to 6 dm. high, short, flat
leaves and numerous very slender spikes, which are naked toward

the base.—Dry or moist pine barrens near the coast, New Jersey
to Mississippi. August-November.

211

Fic. 193. Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease; Brit-
ton and Brown, Ill. Fl., 1: 179 (S. teranus Steud.), TEXAN CRAB-
GRASS.—A low, diffusely branching annual, with short, narrow
leaves and slender, paniculate spikes. Thetufted stems vary from
1 to 9 dm. long.—Dry prairies, Illinois to Texas and New Mexico,
north to Assiniboia and Manitoba. April—October.

Fig. 194. Bouteloua uniflora Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
426. ONE-FLOWERED GRAMA.—A slender, erect perennial 3 to 4.5
dm. high, with narrow, long-attenuate-pointed leaves and numer-
ous (twenty-five to seventy-five), spreading or detlexed one-flow-

ered spikes approximate along the common axis.—Southwestern
Texas. September.

Fig. 195. Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. (5. racemosa
Lag.). TALL GRAMA or SIDE Oats.—A densely tufted perennial
3 to 9 dm. high, with numerous (twenty to sixty), usually spread-
ing or reflexed spikes scattered along the common axis, forming a
long, somewhat one-sided raceme 20 to 40 em. long.—Dry fields,
hillsides, and prairies, New York and Ontario to New Jersey,
Mississippi, Texas, California, and Manitoba. [Mexico and Cen-
tral and South America.] May-—October.

214

Fic. 196. Bouteloua aristidoides Thurb.; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2:425. Six-wreEKs Mesquir.—A slender, densly tufted and much
branched annual (?) 1 to 3.5dm. high, with short, narrow leaves,
and three to twelve very narrow and few- (sometimes only one-)
flowered spikes.—Texas to southern California. [Mexico and
Lower California.] August, September.

215

Situ

Fic. 197. Bouteloua texana S. Wats.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
426. TEXAN GRAMA.—A densely ciespitose, usually glabrous per-
ennial 2 to 3 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves, and two to ten
short, many-awned spikes, approximate on the common rachis.—
Dry soil, Texas and Indian Territory to Arkansas. March, April.

216

Fig. 198. Bouteloua havardi Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am. 2: 424.
HAVARD’s GRAMA.—A perennial, with strong rhizomes, upright
culms 2 to 4 dm. high, and four to six short, silky-villous spikes
approximate on the common rachis.—Sandy plains, rocky hills,
canyons, about springs, etec., Texas to Arizona. [Northern Mex-
ico.] April-September.

217

Fic. 199. Bouteloua eriopoda Torr.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
421. WooLy-JoOINTED GRAMA.—A slender, branching, and some-
what wiry perennial with wooly-jointed stems 2 to 3.5 dm. long,
with three to six slender, spreading, and rather loosely flowered

spikes 1.5 to 2.5 em. long.—Dry, gravelly soil, Texas to Arizona.
[Northern Mexico.] August, September.

Fic. 200. Bouteloua ramosa Scribnu.; Vasey, Grasses of the
S. W., 1:44. Wiry Grama.—An erect or ascending perennial,
with branching and many-jointed culms 3 to 4.5 dm. high, short,
narrow, spreading leaves, and one to three spreading and more or
less arcuate spikes 1 to 3 cm. long.—In canyons, mountains of
southwestern Texas. [Northern Mexico.] August, September.

7a es)

Fic. 201. Bouteloua breviseta Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2:420. SHORT-AWNED GRAMA.—An erect, somewhat wiry and
densely cxespitose perennial 2.5 to 3.5 dm. high, the lower inter-
nodes covered with a thin white bloom. Leaves very narrow, 2
to4em. long. Spikes one to three, erect or somewhat divergent,
about 2 cm. long.—Southwestern Texas. September.

Fic. 202. Bouteloua vestita (S. Wats.) Scribn.; Beal, Grasses
N.Am., 2: 419. Harry Grama.—A tufted annual, with erect or
ascending slender culms 3 to 6 dm. high, with short, flat leaves
and two to eight ascending, many-flowered, hairy spikes about 2
em. long.—Sandy banks of streams and “benches” on mountain
sides, western Texas to southern Arizona. [Mexico.] September,
October.

221

Fic. 203. Bouteloua rothrockii Vasey. ROTHROCK’s GRAMA.—
A densely cxspitose perennial, with erect, simple or sparingly
branched leafy culms 1.5 to 2 dm. high, and five to nine more or less
spreading, densely flowered spikes 2 to 3 em. long.—Sandy plains,
mesas and foothills, Arizona. [Mexico.] August, September.

Fic, 204. Bouteloua oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. 3LUE
GRAMA.—A slender perennial 1.5 to 5 dm. high, with one to five re-
mote, pectinately many-flowered, usually spreading spikes 2.5 to
5 em. long.—Wisconsin to Montana, north to Manitoba and Al-
berta, south to Texas, Arizona, and southern California; also at
Tampa, Fla. [Mexico.] June-October.

223

Fic. 205. Bouteloua hirsuta (HBK.) Lag. BristLy Mkzs-
QUIT.—A cespitose perennial 1.5 to 4 dm.high, with erect or
ascending culms, flat leaves, and one to three more or less spread-
ing, densely flowered spikes 2 to 4 em. long.—Dry prairies and
sandy plains, Illinois and Wisconsin to South Dakota, Nevada,
Arizona, and Texas, and (?) southern Florida. [Mexico and Lower
California.] July—September..

224

we

Fic. 206. Bouteloua trifida Thurb.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
421, SmMaLt Grama.—A delicate perennial 1 to 3 dm. high, with
short, narrow leaves, and three to seven ascending spikes usually

about 2 em. long.—Mesas and sandy plains, Texas to Arizona.
[Northern Mexico.] May-October.

225

Fic. 207. Bouteloua burkii Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
422. Burk’s GrAMA.—A slender, tufted perennial 15 (rarely 30)
em. high, with short, spreading leaves and slender, horizontal
spikes 1 to 2 em. leng.—Sandy plains and dry mesas, western
Texas. [Northern Mexico.] April-July.

11162—No. 7 15

226

Fic. 208. Beckmannia eruceformis (L.) Host (Phalaris eruca-
formis Linn.). SLOUGH-GRAss.—A stout, erect, subaquatic peren-
nial 3 to 12 dm. high, with narrow panicles composed of many,
densely flowered one-sided spikes.—In sloughs and along the
banks of rivers and streams, western Ontario to lowa, California,
British Columbia, and Alaska. [Europe and Asia.] June-Sep-
tember.

J. Bleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. GOOsSE or YARD-
--\ coarse, tufted annual, with erect or spreading stems 1.5

io, high, and two to five digitate spikes 5 to 7 cm. long.—

or cultivated ground, New Jersey to Ohio and Kansas,

_ to Florida and Texas. [Widely distributed in tropical and
eopieal countries.} June—October.

Fic. 210. Dactyloctenium egyptium (L.) Willd. (Cynosurus
egyptius L.3 Dactyloctenium agyptiacum Willd.). CRowrFooT-
GRAss.—A low, tufted or creeping grass, with ascending flower-
ing stems rarely 3 dm. high, and three to five digitate spikes 2 to
5 em. long.—Waste or cultivated ground, southern New York to
Illinois, south to Florida and Texas, west to California. [Widely
distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of both hemis-
pheres.] May—December.

229

Fig. 211. Leptochloa spicata (Nees) Scribn. (Bromus spicatus
Nees; Diplachne spicata Doell; D.reverchoni Vasey); Beal, Grasses
N. Am., 2:434.—A low, densely czespitose perennial (?), with nu-
merous setaceous basal leaves and a slender, scape-like culm 6 to
15cm. high.—Granitic rocks, central Texas. [Mexico and Brazil. ]
May-July.

Fic. 212. Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray. CLus-
TERED SALT-GRASS.—An erect, ascending or more or less diffusely
spreading, c:espitose, much-branched annual 5 to 6 dm. high, with
numerous, erect, crowded spikes 6 to 8 em. long.—Salt marshes
along the coast, Rhode Island to Texas; saline soil in the interior,
western New York to South Dakota, Nevada, New Mexico, and
Texas. [Mexico and West Indies.] July-September.

231

Fic. 213. Leptochloa viscida (Scribn.) Beal (Diplachne viscida
Seribn.). Viscip LEpTOCHLOA.—A densely ciespitose and diffusely
branched perennial (?) 0.5 to 3 (rarely 6) dm. high, with acute,
flat leaves, and narrow, densely flowered panicles, composed of
eight to twelve erect spikes.—Wet, clayey soil, New Mexico and
Arizona. [Mexico and Lower California.] June-September.

Fria. 214. Leptochloa imbricata Thurb. (Diplachne imbricata
Scribn.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 435.—A rather stout, erect or
ascending perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with smooth, usually glau-
cous culms, narrow, flat leaves, and numerous crowded, erect or
ascending spikes 4 to 6 cm. long.—Texas to southern California.
[Mexico and Lower California.] August-November.

233

Fic. 215. Leptochloa scabra Nees (L. langloisii Vasey).
RovucH LEPTOCHLOA.—A stout annual 6 to 12 dm. high, with flat
leaves and very many, crowded, slender spikes in terminal panicles
3 dm. long.—Ditches and fields, Louisiana. [Brazil.] September.

234

Fic. 216, Leptochloa nealleyi Vasey (L. stricta Fourn.). NEAL-
LEY’s LeprocuLoa.—A slender, or rather stout perennial, with
erect or ascending culms 4.5 to 12 dm. high, and narrow, elongated
panicles of many erect or ascending spikes.—Western Texas.
{[Mexico.] April-June.

Fig. 217. Leptochloa dubia (HBK.) Nees (Chloris dubia HBK. ;
Diplachne dubia Scribn.); Beal, Grasses N, Am., 2: 437.—A rather
stout and apparently perennial species, 3 to 9 dm. high, with
usually eight to ten approximate spreading spikes 6 to 8 cm.
long.—Southern Florida, Texas to Arizona, and southward into
Mexico. April-September.

236

Fic, 218. Leptochloa pringlei (Vasey) Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2: 436.—A rather slender perennial 2.5 to 3.5 dm. high, with
narrow leaves and four to six spikes 2.5 to 5 em. long, approxi-
mate near the summit of the culm. Spikelets two- to three-
flowered.—Arizona. April, May.

Fic. 219. Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth. FEATHER-
GRAss.—A more or less branching annual 6 to 12 dm. high, with
rather broad, flat leaves and long terminal panicles of many
slender spikes.—A weed in cultivated and waste grounds, Virginia,
Illinois, Missouri, Tennessee, Alabama, Texas, Indian Territory,
Arizona, and California. [Northern Mexico and Cuba.] June-
October.

238

y
pw

Sw

Fic. 220. Bulbilis dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf. (Buchloé dacty-
loides Engelm.); Britton and Brown, Ill. Fl., 1: 183. BurFALo-
GRASS.—A_ low, fine-leafed, and extensively creeping perennial,
rarely more than 1 to 1.5 dm. high. Similar to Bermuda in habit
of growth.—Dry prairies and river bottoms, Minnesota and South
Dakota (ascends to 1,650 m.in Black Hills), to Arkansas, southern
Texas, and Colorado, [Mexico.] March-August.

239

Fic. 221. Pappophorum wrightiiS. Wats. (P. boreale Torr., not
Griseb.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 448. PURPLE-GRASS.—A slen-
der, branching and apparently annual species 2 to 4 dm. high,
with narrow, involute leaves and densely flowered, spike-like,
lead-colored or purplish panicles 1 to 7 cm. long.—Rocky hills,
canyons, and open plains, western Texas to Arizona, [Northern

Mexico.] July-September.

240

Fic. 222. Pappophorum apertum Scribn.; Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club, 9: 148; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 447.—A ciespitose peren-
nial 3 to 8 dm. high, with long, narrow, mostly involute leaves
and narrow, pale, or often straw-colored panicles 15. to 20 cm.
long.—Valleys, western Texas to Arizona and Mexico. June.

241

Fig. 223. Cottea pappophoroides Kth. CoTra-Grass.—An
erect, branching perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with narrow, flat,
pilose leaves and oblong, open panicles 9 to 18 cm. long; spike-
lets two- to six-flowered, floral glumes many-parted.—In canyons,

western Texas to Arizona. [Mexicoand South America.] August-
October.

11162—No. 7——16

242

Fic. 224. Cathestecum prostratum Pres] (C. erectum Vasey
and Hack.); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 452.—An extensively creep-
ing, slender perennial, with upright flowering branches 1 to 3 dm,
high, narrow, flat leaves, and clustered spikelets in terminal or
lateral racemes.—Dry mesas and bluffs along the Rio Grande,
western Texas. [Mexico.] July—October.

243

Fic. 225. Scleropogon brevifolius Philippi (Tricuspis mon-
strosa Munro; Lesourdia multifora and L. karwinskyana Fourn. ).—
A wiry, creeping perennial with densely tufted, upright, leafy
branches 1 to 2.5 em. high, and unisexual spikelets: the pistillate
long-awned, the staminate awnless.—Dry mesas and canyons,
Colorado to Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and southward into
Mexico and South America. May-October.

Fic. 226. Monanthochloe littoralis Engelm. SaLr CEDAR.—
A creeping grass, with hard, woody stems, and crowded, subulate,
rigid leaves 2 cm. long or less.—Rocky shores and salt marshes
along the coast, southern Florida, extreme southern Texas, south-
ern California. [Lower California.] May, June.

245

b

Fic. 227. Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr. FALSE BUFFALO-
GRAss.—A low, diffusely much-branched annual, with crowded
and sharply pointed, rigid leaves 0.5 to 2.5 em. long.—Prairies and
dry plains, South Dakota to Texas, west to Alberta, Montana,
Colorado, and Arizona. June-—October.

246

Fic. 228. Orcuttia californica Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2: 457.—A low, much-branched, cspitose annual 0.5 to 1 dm.
high, the numerous stems bearing three to six spikelets near the
apex.—Southern and Lower California. April.

247

Fic. 229. Phragmites vulgaris (Lam.) B. S. P. (P. communis
Trin. ; Arundovulgaris Lam. ; A. phragmites L.). COMMON REED.—
A tall, stout, perennial grass, with stout, creeping rootstocks,
numerous broad, attenuate-pointed leaves, and a large ovoid-
pyramidal, purplish, terminal panicle.—Margins of lakes and
rivers and in brackish coast marshes, almost everywhere in the
United States and southern British America. [Widely distrib-
uted in temperate regionsof both hemispheres.} August-October.

248

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Fig. 230. Triodia eragrostoides Vasey & Scribn. (Sieglingia
eragrostoides Dewey ); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 465.—Anerect, leafy
perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, with long, narrow leaves and open,
small-flowered panicles 2 to 3 dm. long.—Rocky banks, etc., south-
ern Texas, southern F'lorida. [Northeastern Mexico.] June-
October.

249

ao

Fic. 231. Triodia texana S. Wats.; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:
466.—A slender, wiry grass 3 to 6 dm. high, with very narrow
leaves and loosely few-flowered, nodding panicles 10 to 15 em.
long.—Rich valley land, dry places, etc., Louisiana and Texas to
Arizona. [Northern Mexico.] June-August.

Fic. 252. Triodia ambigua (Ell.) Vasey; Beal, Grasses N. Am.,
2: 465, sub. Sieglingia (Poa ambigua Ell.).—An erect perennial 6 to
12 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and open, pyramidal panicles
10 to 20 em. long.—Dry, open, pine barrens near the coast, South
Carolina to Texas. July—October.

251

Fic. 233. Triodia albescens (Munro) Vasey (Sieglingia albes-
cens Kuntze); Beal, Grasses N. Aim.,2:469.—A ciespitose, erect
perennial 4 to 7 dm. high, with narrow, flat leaves and densely
flowered, spike-like panicles 9 to 15 em. long.—Texas. August-
October.

Fig, 234. Triodia nealleyi Vasey; Bull. Torr. Bot. Club., 15 : 49
(1888); (Sieglingia nealleyi Dewey ; Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:470).—
A slender, glaucous, cespitese perennial, 3 to 4 dm. high, with flat

or conduplicate leaves, and densely lowered, linear or ovoid pani-

cles 4 to 5 em. long.—Canyons and ridges, southwestern Texas.
September.

253

Fic. 235. Triodia acuminata (Munro) Vasey (Sieglingia acu-
minata Kuntze); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2:470.—A slender, densely
tufted perennial 15 to 2 dm. high, with short leaves, and simple,
dense, oblong panicles 1.5 to 3 cm. long. — Poor, gravelly soil, hill-
sides, ete., Texas to Arizona, north to Colorado and Indian Terri-
tory. [Northern Mexico.] April-June.

254

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PG, 256, Triodia pulchella HBK. (Sieglingia pulehella Kuntze) ;
Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 468.—A low, densely tufted and often
creeping perennial 2 to 15 em. high, with very narrow leaves and
crowded spikelets in clusters of three to six, which are equaled or
exceeded by the upper leaves.—Western Texas to Nevada and
southern California, [Northern Mexico.] February-June.

255

Fic. 237. Triplasis americana Beauv. (Sieglingia americana
Beal, Grasses N, Am., 2: 466).—A slender, czespitose grass, with
wiry culms 4 to 9 dm. high, rather short, narrow leaves, and few-
flowered, simple panicles 3 to 10 cm. long; the pubescent awns 5
to 7 mm. long.—Dry, sandy soil near the coast, North Carolina to
Mississippi. July—October.

256

Fic. 238. Redfieldia flexuosa (Thurb.) Vasey (Graphephorum
(?) flecuosum Thurb.); Britton and Brown, Ill. FL, 1: 186. REpD-
FIELD’s-GRASS.—A stout, native perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with
very long, narrow leaves and diffuse, capillary panicles 25 to 60
em. long.—Sand hills and “ blow-outs,” Kansas and Nebraska to
Indian Territory, Colorado, and Wyoming. July, August.

257

Fic. 239. Dissanthelium californicum (Nutt.) Benth.; Beal,
Grasses N. Am., 2: 473 (Stenochloa californica Nutt.).—A slender,
glabrous, branching annual 1 to 3 dm. high, with short, narrow
leaves and contracted, spike-like panicles 4 to 8 em. Jong.—Santa

Catalina Island, southern California, and Guadaloupe Islands,
Lower California. September.

11162—No. 7 17

258

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Fic. 240. Eragrostis neo-mexicana Vasey; Beal, Grasses N.
Am., 2: 485. CRAB-GRASS (in New Mexico).—A rather stout,
branching and leafy annual 3 to 12 dm. high, with flat leaves and
ample, diffuse panicles 20 to 40 em. long.—Texas to southern Cali-
fornia (ascends to 1,500 m. in Arizona). August. A valuable hay
grass resembling Teff ( £. abyssinica).

259

Fic. 241. Eragrostis purshii Schrad. SOUTHERN SPEAR-
GRASS.—An annual, 1 to 4 dm. high, with the erect or ascending
culms diffusely branching near the base, and diffuse panicles of
small, spreading spikelets.—Sandy river banks, waste ground,
etc., Massachusetts and Ontario to South Dakota and California,
south to Florida, Texas, and Arizona. [Mexico.] June-October.

Fic, 242, Eragrostis curtipedicellata Buckl.; Britton and
Brown, Ill. Fl., 1: 190. SHoOR?T-sTALKED ERAGROSTIS.—A rather
rigid, branching perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with flat, spreading
leaves and diffuse panicles 20 to 30 cm. long. Related to E. pec-
tinacea.—Prairies, Kansas, Indian Territory, and Texas. July-
September.

261

Fic. 248. Hragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Steud.—An erect,
cxespitose perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with a short, stout rootstock
and large, spreading, red-purple panicles.—Dry, sandy soil in the
open, Massachusetts to South Dakota and Colorado, south to
Florida and Texas. July—October.

262

Fic. 244. Bragrostis brownei Nees (?).—A widely spreading,
branching perennial, with somewhat wiry culms 2 to 5 dm, long,
and narrow, simple, more or less interrupted panicles of nearly
sessile, ten- to forty-flowered spikelets.—Dooryards and waste
ground, Florida. [Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical
regions.] July-October.

263

Fic. 245. Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B. 8. P. (Poa hypnoides
Lam.; £. reptans Nees).—A prostrate, much-branched, and exten-
sively creeping annual, with ascending, flowering brauches 7.5 to
15 em. high, spreading leaf blades, narrow and lax or very dense
panicles and long, linear-lanceolate, strongly compressed spike-
lets.—In ditches and sandy banks of streams, Vermont and
Ontario to Florida, Texas, California, and Washington. [Mexico,
West Indies, and South America.] March—October.

264

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Fic. 246. Eragrostis glomerata (Walt.) L. H. Dewey (Poa
glomerata Walt.; P. conferta Ell.; Eragrostis conferta Trin.),—An
erect, rather stout, branching annual 6 to 9 dm, high, with smooth
sheaths and leaves, and elongated, densely flowered, light-colored
panicles 25 to 60 cm. long.—Low grounds, South Carolina to
Florida and westward to Texas. [Cuba, Mexico, and South
America.] August-November.

265

Fic. 247. Eragrostis frankii Steud. SHort-sTALKED MEADOW-
GRASS.—A low, diffusely branched annual 0.8 to 1.5 dm. high,
with open, many-flowered panicles 5 to 12 cm. long.—Low, sandy
ground in the open, southern New York to Minnesota, south to
Georgia, Louisiana, and Kansas. August-October.

Fic. 248. Eragrostis ciliaris (i.) Link (Poa ciliaris L.).—A
dittusely branching, slender annual 2 to 5 dm. high, with thin,
narrow leaves and densely flowered, cylindrical, spike-like, more
or less interrupted panicles 5 to 10 em. long.—Cultivated and
waste ground, Georgia and Florida to Mississippi. [Mexico, West
Indies, and Asia.] July—October.

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Fic. 249. Bragrostis plumosa Link.(£. ciliaris patens Chapm.).—
A slender, diffusely branching annual 1 to 4 dm. high, with flat
leaves and oblong, open panicles 5 to 15 em. long.—C ultivated and
waste ground, southern Georgia and Florida. [Widely distributed
in tropical countries.] July-November.

Fic, 250, Bragrostis sessilispica Buckl.; Britton and Brown,
Ml. FL, 1: 190 (Diplachne rigida Vasey ).—A smooth, wiry, eespi-
tose perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with narrow, mostly involute leaves
and pyramidal panicles, the tive- to twelve-flowered, appressed
spikelets sessile along the spreading branches.—Dry prairies,
Kansas to Texas. June-October.

269

Fic. 251. Eatonia pennsylvanica (DC.) A. Gray. EATon’s-
Grass.—A slender, pale-green perennial, with flat leaf blades and
narrow terminal panicles.—Wet meadows, low woods, and thick-
ets, Newfoundland and Maine to British Columbia and Washing-
ton, south to Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, and Arizona, April-
August.

270

Fig, 252. Eatonia obtusata (Michx.) A.Gray. EARLY BUNCH-
GRAss.—A tufted perennial 4.5 to 6 dm. high, with flat leaf blades
and rather densely flowered, nodding panicles.—Low ground,
chietly along streams, usually in shade. Massachusetts and Onta-
rio to Assiniboia and British Columbia, south to Florida, Texas,
and southern California. Mareh-August.

Fig. 253. Batonia nitida (Sprengel) Nash (Aira nitida Spr.;
Eatonia dudleyi Vasey ).—A slender, erect, and ciespitose peren-
nial 3 to 6 dm. high, with short, flat, spreading leaves and rather
few-flowered, nodding panicles.—Dry, open woodlands, Rhode
Island and New York westward to North Dakota, and southward
to North Carolina, Mississippi and Texas. April-June.

272

aN

Fic. 254, Batonia filiformis (Chapm.) Vasey; Beal, Grasses, N.
Am., 2: 491.—An erect, tufted perennial 3 to 6dm. high, with very
long upper internodes and long, involute, radical leaves.—Dry,
sandy soil, South Carolina, Florida and Texas, north to western
Tennessee. March, April.

273

Tlic. 255. Cynosurus cristatus L. Doa’s-TaIL-GRass,—A
slender, erect perennial 3 to 7} dm. high, with narrow leaves and
rather slender, erect, spike-like panicles.—Sparingly established
in fields and waysides, Newfoundland to Ontario, south to New
Jersey; Portland, Oregon. [Europe.] June-August.

11162—No. 7——18

Fic. 256. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauy.; Britton and
3rown, Ill. Fl.,1: 194. Water WHoORL-GrRAss.—A smooth, soft
perennial, with creeping or ascending culms 2 to 6 dm. long, flat
leaves and open panicles 5 to 20 cm. long, the spreading branches
in whorls.—In swales and along brooks, often in shallow water,
Newfoundland and Labrador, to Quebee and Alaska, south to Ne-
braska, Colorado, and Utah. [Europe and Asia.] June-August.

Fic. 257. Melica mutica Walt. (M. glabra Mx.).—A slender,
loosely cxespitose, wiry grass 6 to 9 dm. high, with flat leaves and
simple or racemose panicles of rather large, nodding, two- to three-
flowered spikelets.—Dry, rocky, open woods and thickets, Penn-

sylvania to Florida and westward to Wisconsin and Texas.
March-May.

276

Fig. 258. Melica parviflora (Porter) Scribn. (M. mutica parvi-
flora Porter; M.porteri, Scribn.).—A rather slender, erect, smooth
perennial 4 to 7 dm. high, with flat leaves and narrow panicles
15 to 25 em. long. Spikelets pendulous and racemose along the
panicle branches.—Shaded canyons, mountains of Colorado, New
Mexico, Arizona and prairies of Missouri, Kansas, and western
Texas. [Northern Mexico.] July-September.

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Fic. 259. Melica spectabilis Scribn.; Beal, Grasses N.-Am2):
506.—A cespitose, stoloniferons species 3 to 6 dm. high, with
scabrous, flat leaves, and loosely flowered, nodding, simple pani-
cles 10 to 20 cm. long.—Damp grassy meadows, rich bottom lands,
dry hillsides, ete. (alt. 950to 2,400 m.), Montana to Washington and
Oregon, south to Colorado, Wyoming, and Nevada. June-Sep-
tember.

FIG. 260. Melica stricta Boland. Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 503.
LARGE-FLOWERED MELICA.—A densely czespitose perennial 2 to 5
dm. high from a bulbous base, with flat, more or less pubescent
leaves, and simple, one-sided panicles 10 to 15 em. long, bearing
ten to twenty spikelets.—Dry ridges among rocks (alt. 1,850 to
2,700 m.), Nevada, California, and Oregon. June-August.

Fic. 261. Melica bulbosa Geyer; Beal, Grasses N. Am, 2: 508.
THICK-ROOTED BuNcH-GRaAsS.—A slender, erect perennial 3 to 6 or
rarely 9 dm. high, bulbous at the base, with erect leaves anda
narrow, somewhat spike-like panicle 10 to 15 em. long.—Dry
rocky slopes, moist shady mountain sides, ete. (alt. 900 to 2,700 m. ),
Montanaand Wyoming to British Columbia, south to Utah, Nevada,
and Oregon; western Texas. May-July.

Fic. 262. Korycarpus diandrus (Michx.) Kuntze; Britton
and Brown, Ill. Fl., 1: 196; (Diarrhena americana Beauv.).—An
erect perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, with long, narrow-lanceolate,
nearly erect leaves and a few-flowered, simple panicle 10 to 25
em. long.—Rich, rocky, wooded hillsides, Ohio to South Dakota,
south to Georgia, Arkansas, and Indian Territory. August, Sep-
tember.

281

Fic. 263. Pleuropogon refractum (A. Gray) Benth. (Lopho-
chlena refracta A. Gray); Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2: 514, NODDING
PLEuROPOGON.—A slender perennial 6 to 12 dm. high from creep-
ing rootstocks, with flat leaves and terminal racemes of six to
ten drooping spikelets 2 to 3 em. long.—In swamps and along
mountain streams (alt. 1,200 to 3,850 m.), California to Washing-
ton. May-August.

Fic. 264. Uniola latifolia Michx. Broap-LEAFED SPIKE-
GRASS.—An erect grass, with rather stout, simple culms 6 to 12
dm. high, broad, spreading leaf blades and a drooping panicle of
large, flat spikelets 2 to 3 em. long.—Low thickets and shaded
banks of streams, Pennsylvania to Florida, west to Illinois, Kan-
sas, and Texas. June—October.

283

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long, rigid leaves and showy, nodding panicles

Fic. 265. Uniola paniculata

of many
and pale straw-colored spikelets.—Drifting sand of sea bea hes,
[West Indies and South America.] May-

Virginia to Texas.

October.

284

Fic. 266. Uniola laxa(L.) B.S. P.; Britton and Brown, Ill. FL,
1: 197 (U. gracilis Michx.).—A slender grass 6 to 9 dm. high, with
long, narrow leaf-blades, and a contracted, wand-like, nodding
panicle 15 to 45 em. long.—In dry soil, open woods, and banks,
Long Island to Florida, west to Kentucky, Tennessee, and Texas.

June-October.

Fic. 267. Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene; Brittun and Brown,
Ill. Fl., 1: 198 (D. maritima Raf.). ALKALI-Grass.—An upright,
wiry grass, 2.5 to 5 dm. high, with strong and widely creeping
rootstocks, rather rigid leaves, and densely flowered panicles.
The grass is dicwcious.—Salt marshes along the coast, Maine
to Texas and British Columbia to California; alkaline soil in the
interior, Nebraska and Kansas to Montana, eastern Washington,
California, and New Mexico. May-August.

286

Fic. 268. Briza media L. QUAKING-GRASS.—A slender, erect
perennial, with rather short, flat leaf-blades and capillary, spread-
ing panicles.—Sparingly naturalized in fields and waste ground, in
Ontario, New Engiand, and California. [Europeand Asia.] May-
July.

Fic. 269. Dactylis glomerata L. ORCHARD-GRASS.—A coarse,
erect grass 9 to 12 dm. high, forming dense tufts, with long, flat
leaf blades, and spikelets crowded in dense, one-sided clusters at
the ends of the panicle branches.—Extensively naturalized in
fields and waste ground, New Brunswick to South Carolina, west
to Manitoba, Idaho, and Colorado, [Europe.] May-August.

288

Fic. 270. Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench. GOLDEN-TOP.—A
cwespitose, branching annual 1 to 3 dm, high, with elegant one-
sided panicles 5 to 8 em. long.—Introduced into southern and
Lower California. [Southern Europe, northern Africa, and Aus-
tralia.] March-May.

289

Fig. 271. Poa chapmaniana Scribn.—A low, cespitose annual
1to 2 dm. high, with ascending, flat leaves and usually narrow
panicles 2 to 8 cm. long. Allied to P. annua, but more strict in
habit of growth.—Dry sandy soil, southern Illinois to Mississippi
and Georgia. April, May.

11162—No. 7——19

290

Fic. 272. Poa alpina L. MounTAIN SPEAR-GRASS.—A slender
or stout, cespitose, erect perennial 0.5 to 3 (usually 1.5) dm. high,
with rather broad, flat leaves, and spreading pyramidal panicles
of comparatively large spikelets.—Edges of brooks, open grassy
mountain slopes, canyons, etc., Newfoundland and Quebee to
Hudson Bay and Alaska, south in the mountains to Colorado (alt.
3,600 m.), Utah and California. [Widely distributed, arctic and
subalpine.] June-August.

Fic. 273. Poa pratensis L. Kentucky BLUE-GRAss.—A slen-
der, erect, stoloniferous perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with narrow, flat
leaves and more or less spreading, usually pyramidal panicles.—
Fields and meadows throughout the United States and British
America, abundantly naturalized in the East, indigenous in the
North and West. [Europe and Asia.}] Summer. A valuable
pasture grass.

292

Fic, 274. Poa kelloggii Vasey; Ill. N. Am. Grasses, 2: 79.
KELLOGG’s SPEAR-GRASs.—A slender, erect or ascending peren-
nial 4 to6 dm. high, with rather long, flat leaves and open pyram-
idal panicles 7 to 10 em. long. Spikelets two- to four-flowered.—
California (4705 Bolander).

293

Fic. 275. Poa sylvestris A. Gray. WoopLAND SPEAR-GRASS.—
A slender, tufted perennial 3 to 9 dm. high, with an open panicle
10 to 15 em. long, the branches spreading or reflexed.—Rich
woods and thickets, New York to Wisconsin and Nebraska, south
to North Carolina, Louisiana and Texas. April-July.

294

Fic. 276. Poa brevifolia Muhl. SOUTHERN SPEAR-GRASS.—An
erect perennial 3 to 6dm. high, with running rootstocks, short
cul leaves, and a widely spreading, few-flowered panicle.—
Wooded river bluffs and the grassy summits and wooded slopes
of mountains, New Jersey to northern Ohio and Illinois, south to
North Carolina and Tennessee. March-May.

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Fic. 277. Poa arida Vasey; Britton and Brown, Il. Fl., 1: 208.
PRAIRIE SPEAR-GRASS.—An erect, often rather rigid, stoloniferous
perennial 3 to 6 dm. high, with flat or folded, stiff leaves and nar-
row, rather densely flowered panicles 8 to 15 cm. long.—Meadows

and low grounds, Northwest Territory to Kansas and Arizona.
April-August.

296

Fic. 278. Poa buckleyana Nash; Britton and Brown, Ill. F1.,
1: 208 (Poa tenuifolia Buckley). BuNcH REp-Top.—A rather
slender, erect perennial ‘‘ bunch grass” 3 to 6 dm. high, with
niumerous, soft radical leaves and a narrow panicle.—Usually in
dry soil of “bench” lands, mountain slopes, elevated prairies, ete.
(alt. 450 to 3,900 m.), South Dakota to British Columbia, Colorado,
and California. May--September.

297

Fic. 279. Graphephorum melicoideum (Michx.) Beauy.—A
rather slender, erect, pale-green, cxespitose perennial 3 to6dm. high,
with flat leaves and loosely flowered, nodding panicles 7 to 14 cm.
long.—Rocky or gravelly river shores, low woods (sometimes pine
woods), etc., Anticosti Island to Vermont, Michigan, and North-
west Territory. August, September. (Allied to Trisetum.)

298

Fic. 280, Panicularia aquatica (Sm.) Kuntze (Glyceria aquatica
J. E. Smith). Reep MeEApow-GRass.—A stont perennial 9 to 15
dm. high, with rather broad, flat leaf blades and an ample open
panicle.—Shaded banks of streams, wet meadows, moist thickets,
ete., New Brunswick to Alaska, south to Pennsylvania, Tennessee,
Nebraska, New Mexico, and southern California. June-August.

299

Fic. 281. Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze (Glyceria ner-
vata Trin.). Fowt MEADow-GRASS.—A leafy perennial 3 to 9
dm. high, with an expanded, nodding panicle, and rather small
spikelets.—Wet meadows, marshes, moist thickets, etc., New-
foundland to Florida, west to British Columbia, California, and
Arizona, June-September.

300

Fic. 282. Panicularia elongata (Torr.) Kuntze (Glyceria elon-
gata Trin.) (Poa elongata Torr.).—An erect perennial 6 to 9 dm.
high, with flat leaf blades and narrow, rather densely flowered
panicles.—In rich, wet woods, Newfoundland and New Brunswick
to North Carolina, west to Quebec, Minnesota, and Kentucky.
July-September.

301

Fic. 283. Panicularia pallida (Torr.) Kuntze (Glyceria pallida
Trin. Windsoria pallida Torr.). PALE MANNA-GRASS.—A per-
ennial, with slender stems 3 to 9 dm. long, ascending from
amore or less decumbent base, and a lax, few-flowered panicle
with ascending branches.—Bogs, banks of streams and ponds,
Cape Breton to Ontario, south to Virginia, eastern Tennessee and
Indiana. June-August.

Fic. 284, Panicularia canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze; Britton
and Brown, Ill. Fl., 1: 211 (Glyceria canadensis Trin.). RATTLE-
SNAKE-GRASS.—A stout, native perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, with
flat leaves, and ample, nodding panicles of rather large spikelets.—
Marshes and ditches, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to Minne-
sota, south to New Jersey, Ohio, and Kansas. June-August.

303

Fic. 285. Panicularia fluitans (L.) Kuntze (Glyceria jfluitans
R. Br.). FLOATING MANNA-GRASS.—An erect grass 9 to 15dm. high
with somewhat flattened culms, long leaves, and a narrow panicle
about 3 dm. long.—Wet places, often in running water, Newfound-
land to Alaska, south to North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and
California. [Widely distributed in temperate regions.] May-
September.

Fic. 286. Puccinellia maritima (Huds.) Parl. (Poa maritima
Huds.; Glyceria maritima M. & K.). SEA SPEAR-GRASS.—A
slender perennial 2 to 5 dm. high, from creeping rootstocks, with
narrow, flat, or folded leaves, and more or less expanded panicles
% to 12 em. long.—Salt marshes and beaches along the coast,
Labrador to southern New England, and Alaska to British Colum-
bia; also on ballast and waste ground in sea ports farther south.
[Europe and Asia.] July, August.

305

iD, [7
_ t
= oP
(EF
ts

Fic. 287. Pestuca elatior arundinacea (Schrelb.) Hack. REED
FescuE.—A stout, leafy perennial 9 to 12 dm. high, with broad,
flat leaves, and ample, elongated panicles often 3 dm. long.—Intro-
duced here and there, District of Columbia, Michigan, Utah,
Oregon, etc. [Europe.] August.

11162—No. 7 29

306

PIG, 288. Festuca elatior pratensis (Huds.) Hack. MrADow
FEsCUE.—An upright perennial 6 to 9 dm. high, with numerous
flat leaves and a rather narrow panicle 10 to 20 em. long.—In
fields and waysides, introduced, Nova Scotia to North Carolina,
west to Washington, Oregon, and Kansas. June-August.

307

Fic. 289. Festuca rubra glaucescens Hack.; Beal, Grasses
N. Am., 2: 606. TENNESSEE FESCUE.—A slender perennial 3 to 6
dm. high, with creeping rootstocks, erect or ascending stems, very
narrow, usually glaucous leaves, and lax, nodding panicles. Forms
a dense turf.— Bluffs of Cumberland River, Nashville, Tenn. May.

308

Fra. 290. Bromus inermis Leyss. SMOOTH BROME or HUNGA-
RIAN BROME-GRASS.—An erect perennial 6 to 15 din. high, with
creeping rootstocks, open panicles 12 to 18 em. long, and five- to
nine-flowered, awnless spikelets 2 to 3 em. long.—A native of
Enrope, introduced and cultivated in many parts of the United
States for hay. June, July.

309

Fic. 291. Bromus secalinus L. CuHeEss or CHEAT.—An erect
annual 6 to 9 dm. high, with flat leaves, more or less expanded
panicles, and turgid, short-awned spikelets, which are pendulous
in fruit.—Naturalized in cultivated and waste grounds, especially
in grainfields. [Europe and Asia.] June-August.

310

Fic, 292. Bromus brizaeformis Fisch. & Mey. BRIZA-LIKE
BROME-GRASS.—A slender, erect, cxespitose annual 2 to05dm. high,
with soft, flat leaves and nodding panicles of large ten- to fifteen-
flowered spikelets 2 to3 cm. long.—Meadowsand cultivated fields,
introduced, Montana to Washington, south to Utah, Nevada, and
California; sparingly in Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsyl-
vania. [Europe and Asia.] June-August.

Fic. 293. Bromus unioloides (Willd.) HBK. Rescur-GRass.—
An erect, usually annual grass, 3 to 9 dm. high, with more or less
pubescent, flat leaf blades, and usually nodding, loose panicles of
rather large, strongly flattened spikelets.—Prairies and dry, sandy
fields, Indian Territory and Texas to Arizona; naturalized in Ala-
bama. [Mexico and South America.] March—July.

312

Fic. 294. Nardus stricta L.; Britton and Brown, Ill. Fl., 1:
224. Wire Bent. —A glabrous, densely cxspitose perennial, with
stout, creeping rootstocks, setaceous leaves, and erect, filiform,
rigid culms, 10 to 20 em. high.—Introduced at Amherst, Mass. ;
rocky river banks, Newfoundland. [Europe, Greenland and

Azores.] August.

313

Fic. 295. Lolium perenne L. RyYk&-Gkass.—A smooth, leafy
perennial 3 to 9 dm, high, with slender, terminal spikes 7.5 to 25
cm. long.—Lawns, fields, and waysides, naturalized, Canada to
North Carolina, west to Ohio and Tennessee; California and Ari-
zona. [Europe and Asia.] May-August.

314

av We

Fic, 296. Lolium italicum A. Br. ITALiaAn RYE-GRASS.—A
biennial or perennial grass 6 to 9 dm. high, with slender, usually
somewhat nodding, terminal spikes, and short-awned spikelets. A
valuable hay grass.—Introduced here and there through cultiva-
tion, especially on the Pacific Slope.

; \y \
If / iN

Fic. 297. Scribneria bolanderi (Vhurb.) Hack. (Lepturus
bolanderi Thurb.). Beal, Grasses N. Am., 2 : 634.—A slender, wiry,
cespitose annual 1 to 2 dm. high, with short, narrow leaves and
terminal, slightly compressed spikes.—Sterile grounds, hillsides,
and roadsides, Washington to California, May.

316

Fic. 298. Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. (Triticum repens L.).
CoucH-GRAsSs.—An erect, stoloniferous perennial 3 to 12 dm. high.
with flat leaves, which are pilose along the nerves above, and
terminal, densely flowered spikes.—Naturalized in lawns, way-
sides, and cultivated ground, Newfoundland and Cape Breton to
Northwest Territory, south to District of Columbia, Ohio, and
Iowa. [Europe and Asia.] June-September.

317

Fic. 299. Agropyron scribneri Vasey; Beal, Grasses N.Am.,
2:638.—A densely ciespitose perennial 2 to 5 dm. high, with
ascending culms, flat leaves, and bearded spikes 5 to 7 em. long,
which readily break up at maturity.—Summits of mountains
(alt. 1,800 to 4,200 m.), Montana to Colorado and Arizona. August.

318

Fic. 300. Hordeum boreale Scribn.& Smith, Bull. 4, Div.
Agrost., 28 (1897). NORTHERN WILD BARLEY.—A slender, erect
and apparently perennial grass 3 to 6 dm. high, with rather
broad, flat leaves, smooth culms and terminal spikes 7 to 10 em.
long.—Mountains of California to Alaska and Bering Sea islands.
June, July.

Fig. 301. Elymus arenarius L. SeA LyYME-GRAss.—A stout,
erect perennial 6 to 12 dm. high, with extensively creeping root-
stocks, rather firm, flat, sharp-pointed leaves and terminal, usually
densely flowered spikes 8 to 25em. long. Glumes usually villous.—
In maritime sands, Greenland and Labrador to Maine; Alaska to
California and on the shores of the Great Lakes. [Europe and
Asia.j July, August.

320

Fic. 302. Asperella hystrix (L.) Moench (Asprella W. not
Schreb.; Hystrix patula Moench; Gymnostichum hystrix Schreb.).
30TTLE BrusH.—A smooth, ciespitose perennial 6 to 12 dm. high,
with rather broad, flat leaves and terminal spikes 6 to 12 em. long.
Spikelets widely spreading at maturity.—Fertile, rocky woods,
New Brunswick and Ontario to Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, and
Minnesota. June-August.

INDEX

Page.
Alkali-grass ......---------------- 285
Saccatone.-.-.....---.-- ---- 7
American’ Oat--...-..2------------ 183
Banner sore Mums -2<.---.-+----=-- 34
NBA Yasar enn wleinininini=sio 1= = <= - '<'a'e «= 14
Barnyard-grass .....--------- 82
Beach-prass.-.---------.---------- 167
pean ed=|O1 Mute cecil ao owns iis aelele'e a
Shoreline cae gee cee saree 130
Beard-prass..--..-.--------------- 150
IBGRIDUGH-P LASSE asisicn cic sno =r2- = 189
Big Blue:stem.--....-...----------- 32
Bitter Lanic-oTass.-.--...---.--.- 73
Black =Buneh-OvTdass... ..-2--<---<<- 38
ARAN Mia sciawio =o ~\asia>\s === 37
MonntaineRice..=--...-.-.. 110
PELE GA Be ela ero(a sini =a la.2 oreo aie sins « 222
Taye le) SRS Nae Ae eee a seeaeE eae 320
Branching Woxtail-.-.....<..2%---: 85
BristiveMesquite-----------..---.- 223
Briza-like Brome-grass .....-.----- 310
Broad-leafed Spike-grass....-..--. 282
BroOK-Orasgin occ. <<2rccen= === ~ 27
ISTOOUMDICH 2.0 pie aislein catenin =i 28
BAL O-OT ASN Sse ein eaaie oaie= al = = 12, 238
BomehwREUbOp cscs <2 122-7 = 296
Burk’s'Grama-.-.----<--.-- weisa ene 220
California Hair-grass-.....--.---- 172
California) ‘Timothy. -..---..-.- Be)
G@anary-orags).....----------------- 10
MATE isO TASS 2 ale a cre.ei--5=="\<)=1- =\-.2\= = 42
Gatcb-tly-Prass. <..2-.2-.sseece sss: 92
COA ae emis os talsicieicin eisinie === 2 309
ISN OSS epee nae oe soe Saino eee ciecins 309
Clustered Sait-grass ......-------- 230
Wonmoneneed) eee s 2-2-2 oe 247 |
WOLtH-CTASSiSs a = sees oes cinemas 241

11162—No. 7——21

TO THE COMMON NAMES.

Page.
Cotton-grass”......-----+--------- 60
@ouch-srass . 2-25. sc. -=-- BEOOe 316
Crap OTdSs)-e seems eee sa 9, 258
Creekised 0 6na-sccsceseet esses 195
Creeping Mesquite ..-....-..-.--- 36

ANIC tae eee es aswel 70

Renwtaridt: <.5..2ese0--5=- 40
@rowi0ot-prass <>. .2<+42-.0552~2-- 228
Densely-flowered Bent ......-.---- 155
Plume-grass.... -21

Dop’s-tail grasses: 2. 2-5 - n= se -= 273
Downy: Oat-orass...2- =. ss22.-- =o 178
Barly, Buneh-Prass -n22ssc-ce. == = 270
Wild Oat-prass......-...--- 171
Haton’s-Orassice occ ccce<eeees ==" 269:
Elliott’s Broom Sedge..-.-.-...-.-..- 30:
PaspaliMme- sore scceese 41

English Ray-frass .-2-=.-5---.222< 14
HM Verlashing-Pass— -e -c'a cence mn = 53
Pulse Butlalo-orass) . 25-2 22.<2.-- <1 245
Weather: orassas--- cc sae ce ecinn = -/nis'° 237
Few-tlowered Sorghum ....--.--.- 35
Fine-top Salt-grass ......-..------ 145
Flat-stemmed Panic .....---.---- 71
Sporobolus......-.-- 143

Floating Woxtail:so5-25----- <= <5. 133
Matina-frass'o-5-.-. 5222 303

Florida Amphicarpon..--...-.---- 51
Paspalum semecien === : 48

Fow!] Méadow-grass -.----.---.--- 299
IO M=P AS Sie eee ae ci crate i= om oeeetatars 192
Freshwater Cord-grass...---...--- 191
(Galle tars st seen ss nere einen rae 8, 39
(GeantarOCASS esc eis ce yas are eran 19
Gibbous Panic-grass ..-.-----..--- 65
Golden\Dopr sic. -ssecem: ae naa wer 288
GOOS6:PASS co -acec -ioleenls mice == 227

321

Page

Green Koxtail--cos-ssccesesccce es 83
Hany: Gramas--soscee acnae naan 220
Havard’s Grama,.22-ss3scce se scone 216
Herd’s: Sass <2 s22o% sanclesenceesi= 11
Hungarian Brome-grass ....-..... 308
Hungarian-grass .......-.--..----- 86
Ina aTnC ON ese sse oe see a 7
indian =Oassieeae= seen aeeese ee 33
Mallet. Ssccc se cccecessses 115
Reed ies ee seem eae 152
Italian Millet<.:: 22.252 scsec<ce5s 86
Ray DTASS a eeee ae cce=n ance 14
RYG- STARS 25226 cccce soste 314
Jamaica Crab-grass......-....-.-- 6i
Jmntle Rice 2. ascseee eee nee ees 81
Kelloge’s Spear-grass.......-..... 292
Kentucky Blue-grass .....-----. 13, 291
Km0t-9rass's22cccsecicceeeaaaasesese 45
Large-flowered Melica..-......--- 278
Large-leafed Vanilla-grass........ 102
Large Water-grass.......------.-. 49
Lemmon’'s Wool-grass .......----- 54
Little Bluae-stem .--- /2200-ccsso-- 31
@ral-Stass7 cs. ctees sas ase 56
Lizard-tail grass ........----...--- 24
Long-awned Poverty-grass .....-- 106
Long-leated Sporobolus ........--- 139
Long-spiked Bur-grass-.-.-----.--. 88
ILong-stalked Panic’... ..2-.---- 25 80
Louisiana-STass'..< 2. 2322-55 sacle 42
Maj 76 ae eee eee eter tree niet zi
Many-flowered Trichloris......... 208
Many-spiked Chloris.............. 205
Marram orass).cocmecnaesce- ooo 167
Marshy Oat-grass: -...22..2220020. 177
Mat-erase 25.22 -0222s8 scecones = 23
Meadow Pescu6é. --- 22: sce ssieecoss 306
Hox tall oo ssecss- see = ce 134
Mexican Dropseed -..2<< 525525556 118
Milletccocc-2 s20s-cusgies. ests coes 9
Mission-erass t= oseee eee ae 90
Morton's Oat-grass..----...------- 184
Mountain ‘Poxtail, 222.2: sss «0% 135
Hair-orass 2-2-2 e-s.cic-- 176
SpPeal-PTASS 22. acccs.5 290

Naked Beard-grass...............- 209

Page.

Nealley’s Leptochloa.............- 234
Nimble Will =... seco ssee eee 117
Nit-prass:...0 52-2. 4ecsos eee aeeenee 159
Nodding Oat-gruss_ oo. <o-ssseeoee 182
Pleuropogon.......-.---< 281
Northern Panic-grass_.-.-..<----- 76
Wild. Barley =2----mecers 318

Oat-like Hair-grass! coos --seeeeee 175
Oats: 2.02. S2e85- coe eee ete eee 12
One-flowered Grama -+-=-525.<--25 212
Orchard-corass: ...-2-3--- eee 13, 287
Pale Manna-grass: 2-23 -e-ee eee 301
Phippsia: 22s 2sc222 ses eee 136
Porcupine-gT ass) 2 -2-sacsssccseeeer 107
Prairie-orass..... $222 -ee eee eee 137
Peal-GTrass .-.555-cc~- cece 295

Purple Canary-grass...--...----.-- 97
Purple- grass ss .2=0... cee soee eee 239
Pursh’s Amphicarpon 22..-cc2see= 50
Quaking-¢rass.. << $-sce.e eee 286
Rattlesnake-grass .-.-.-.- peo cborcc 302
Redfield’s-grass::.<- -4---esesceee 256
Reed Pesce... <2. eee eee 305
Meadow-grass -.-/-cisco--- = 298
ResCue-8TaSs. .. - <2) eee erence 311
Rit@ 22-2 Jac ls eee 22 eee 9
Rice Cut-erass.. -<- -soeeee eee 94
Rocky Mountain Oat-grass ....--- 179
Rothrock’s Grama. ....--.-.---.--- 221
Rough Foxtail 2-2-2. (.52-sseeeer 84
Leptochloa. ..-. 2 sss 233
Round-flowered Panic ....-------- 75
Rush-like Spartina: 22-2 ce-cer =e 194
Timothy <=ss-sessssses= 131

1A: PARE EAS eRe SSA oct ioc 14
RYO-STAGS!. -. 322. pon win eects 313
Salt Cedar’ 2.22.0 2ci.,4255 eee 244
Reed-erass. 2s sles eee 190
Sand! Bur 2: 2.5.23. -ssee5 eee 87
Sea Lyme-frass-.-.....s2.2= seeee ee 319
Sea Spear-grass - -.< 2c escesteteleteierne 304
Seaside Finger-grass....-.2.------ 200
Oats ...-..c0. sneer ee enous 283
Short-awned Grama. ...-.<---:-<-- 219
Re@CH-CTASS == caaenne= 161

Short-haired Reed-grass ......-.--

323

Page.
Short-leafed Beard-grass.-.------- 210
Short-stalked Eragrostis....------ 260
Meadow-grass...--- 265
Side'Oats.----.-- ----24..--------- 213
Silky Oat-grass ..----------------- 188
Silversbealteesss-ss-s22sss-<---55 29
Panic-prass....-.---------- 58
Silvery Beard-grass-.------------- 29
aT =-PTASS\_\-2- --'= =~. --= =~ 170
Oat-grass ...----.--------- 181
Six-weeks Mesquite ...----------- 214
Slender Cut-grass....-.----------- 96 .
Slender-flowered Dropseed ---.-.--- 119
Slonderait-PTass. ss. c e655 - <= 174
QOat-grass... <------------ 180
Panu |= == 22.262 —---- == 57
Ter cyan) Sea aeeee sees 44
DlOMPn OLaASS 42-1420 = 22 - <2. < <2 <= - 226
Small-flowered Mountain Rice .--. 114
Sa Ml (Cot wi eS: Sep ece ee ceoeeneee 224
Small-jointed Panic-grass..-..-.--- 64
Smoouiwerome = -~- == --=-------.-<= 308
(enlonisvress=-s-2---c-o==- 198
Crab-CTass=.--.--c..----- 55
PASM e ee eeccsos ac <n 45
Smot-grass........--.-.----------- 144
Soitt Wool-prass_--..--.......----- 52
Southern Canary-grass .--.-------- 98
Spear-grass ...--.... 259, 294
Wiber;OTASS! 2. s2.c~-s-- 59
Spider Bent grass..---.....--.---- 158
Sprouting Crab-grass -..-.-- 5. See 69
Strong-scented Sporobolus. .-.-.-.- 139
Soy (CRG) Rose OR ae ee aria ul
Swamp Poverty-grass..---..------ 104
Sweet Vernal-grass ...-........ 10, 100
SSWHECH-P TASS os a2 <\eseeinnemniee = = 72
Wall Grama... 2. .c.-----s0-0 dieecens 213 |

Page.

(Mall: Oat-Crass-.s..-s2- = eso = 185
Tennessee Fescue.-..-.-.--------- 307
Oat-prass oa- ess == sa 187

exam Gral-Ovassj.s=cceneeoee -— =e 211
(Gnelire ee AAs aceeceec seme 215

Texas Blue-grass ...-..----------- 13
MiNi Se eee nats ose === 62
PNAC veces ae me eee Sawer 195
Thick-rooted Bunch-grass -.-.----- 279
Vhread-like Muhlenbergia-. ------ 126
Mimo 2 —sesseassielere === ee - 11, 132
Toothache-grass.......----------- 196
Torrey’s Silver Beard-grass .--.--- 26
Tufted Hair-srass --.---.=-------- 173
Wanilla-orassi.22 5) 2 --tmne 10, 101
ViGlV 6t- TASS = coc aia <tweinsr< owes = 169
Vine Mesquite-grass.-.....------- 63
Viscid Leptochloa -.=-..~-.=...--- 231
Warty Panic-grass ...---.------- - 67
Water Whorl-grass....--.....---- 274
Western Cord-grass --.--.---.----- 193
Wiad ane sooo nc ata ctsaiaslaiels sieei== 14
White-grasa .....----------------- 95
White Mountain Rice .....---..-- 111
WraldMallete= so-so as2. cee neem 116
Mountain Rice seco sane 113
OatroTabsicc cess ee oe ee 186
Timothiys-ses-crs os = sn = 121
Windmill-orass-2-<-..ss-26=---e 203
Wine ebente << cic. rccte ean ae oe 312
Whire-orass)osso2.c cannes sem ee 103
DWolnsyy Gram tea sacs = Sasa lees 218
Woodland Dropseed -...----.------- 120
SPeEaE-PTasse css. sense 293
Woolly-jointed Grama .-....------ 217
Poverty-grass....-------- 105
Wrinkly-flowered Paspalum...--- 46
DWard-OTAasseeeseh ansce ce cciece =e 227

>.

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ta

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INDEX TO THE LATIN NAMES.

[Tribes in SMALL CAPITALS and synonyms in ifalics. |

Page
Agilops aromatica .--.------------ 196
Mgopogon ....--------------++---- 8
Agropyron....-----------------+-- 14
Tepens..-.------+.---.- 316
SCEEDHGEM = 22 ccc <1- -a:= = 317
IGROSBIDEE s\<silecinc secs o= 26> >=) 10, 12

Agrostis -.--..-.---------------- 10, i
QFACKNOUES. ..----------- 158
ASPET Naa occ ees aie ner ss=s 137
COALCtAUR 2-222 = 5----- 154
COMPYVeSSH --------------- 143
Wensilora---------------- 155
diegoénsis .---.---.------ 157
elliotizana -=---<--------- 158
POWOSCh eee acaacis==> =. 200
EMMIS cco =. 5s5 55-2 - 153
RATAN seas oro ca aces = aes 153
LOWE. oe seeraco See O Ss SSS D Oe 12
caryophyllea....---..-------- 170
GUNtRONUOLAES 2 5-- 22 22-025-- 175
AUER Been a iea a -\=/n'eis Sie cw els = 271
IGSCOK. == =.= = - 5-5-2 92 -- 171
NUS PlC RAs ss nias = eel ai 178
SAVOMECULUS) === 20-2 ----------<- 10, 11
geniculatus .......-.-- 133
occidentalis ......----. 135
Pravensis:------------- 134
BATTING Ti Visiarsse =e e aimee i= ae 11
ALCNATM Aes. —2 2 22S ese =< 167
arundinacea ...------. 167
JST CEO Noappececeese > acneones 9
foridanum;-~-\--<- 51
PUCSNs ose cee 50
AMUNOPOP ON sessc cmc === s ae 7
argyreus....::-.---.- 29
Ginn tase seeccoaoosse 30

Page.

Andropogon furcatus -.....---.-.- 32
glomeratus:..........- 27

MOCTOUTUS < © oie nice soa 27

MULANS Sac cee ees sce 33
pauecmorus=ss2.--=-.5 35
polydactylon....-..... 205
provincialis ...-....-. 7,32
saccharoides..--.....-. 26

SCOPALIUS - 2s sesons22 5 31

SOCUNRAUS 2218 eee sas.< 34

torreyanus ....------- 26

unilateralise- S25 -2.%2- 34
MECIMNICNS=20.22 -.- 7, 28
ANDROPOGONEBSAD + 2-25 22:2 s:ctaje ccc eine if
Anthenantia ......-. SRS IP ie te ae 9
Anthoxauthumy soo. - 2s. ecco s 10
odoratumr 22. 5553¢ 100

Fala awed Sere asics aw siaes saat Bt

SAT CUAPEOS LIS caren 2 eae 2 crtsince oalese 11
tin Se eetiede stom aoe Bi
PUSHY PM dessa tec s es 105

lane@t@ s 222552225 See eee 105
DAlUStrI Stee ne asa wae 104

SEFIGES soso ss0 osc acce ss ee 103
tuberculosas..c2-ssecncss 106

Arriicna therm ss2-4..22---os e2= 2 12
latins <22222.--<- 185

ArUnNdinaridccse so25-265ssses Aes 15
Pe Se oo hee Sere rg tee 13
DIeEDUPINS .22 ase eens ees 168
DRRAGINUES «2 1+ ams eels 247

DULG ATUB Is = ata las cine) Narcan aed 247
itsperel aes eee es soccer 14
BEY. S HPI ee ote Sia'aalaiaie’= 320

Aap rewahysewve aos sss 25-6 +s -= ae 320
Bale sina ae ciemerariaee seas seee 12

326

ge.
Avena americana................. 183
ClLOMOT ee a ae ae eens 185

ROOKkeTiap ea eee seen eee. 1&3
MOrioniana-.o.. 2s. 2-2 see 184
SQUVAicccesa cece ccc cceness 12

SPUCOLM acc csenesseeereese 186
AVENE ZE ooo ccckiocesmctces ce ee ce 11, 12
SAMBUSHAG: - 52h cat eee ccsaecceaelee 14
Beckmannia ~2---2.chens eee 12
eruceformis ........- 226
Blepharidachne- 222-2. 22s.esc---2- 13
BOUtClOUR seo eee iseeeenceset eee 12
aristidoides:.......----- 214
brevisetaeoseese ee es soe 219
burksice-ceseee sees eee 225
curtipendula ........... 213
eriopodae-s.-2ss.2cs2e2- 217

liehyeh gil Seas erase 216

WiTsUWibare Aadcee~ ones e<s. 223
oligostachya..........--. 222

TACEMOSA ..------------- 213

TAMOSS Dice caw s sees oe 218
TOUWTOCKIN se fences. ces. 221

bOKANG. costar scsceeecee 215

tris a-2sseeeoeeaee eee. 224

Moraes eee eerenee ee 212

VeStiba «co cecccecce coe ac 220
Brachyelytrum ......-..<.---------- 11
aristatum....-...- 130

erectum -:----:.< 130

BYIZAl occas ees ee creee am saeas ee cisie 13
MOG18) coe secresescccsesenouse 286
IBrOMUS! sce 5e22 see ele ee oe eee 13
brizeformis.s.2s.-22 saesee 310
INGrmisoesose ee sae eset 308
SOCaliNUS...-s.200c20 225-06 309
SDUCCLUS aoe een eee a 229
unioloidés -..-.2:-22------ lL

BUCRIOE . oascoos stimiorarers an oS A te 12
Qactyloides 22-25-22 seeee ss 238

353.01) 840 LT: pera ae ae ar ne 12
dactyloides ............... 238
Calamagrostis aleutica..........-.. 163
bolanderi .......... 165
breviseta.......... 161
erassiglumis....... 160

Paga

| Calamagrostis deschampsioides... 162
howellii.cc eee cece 166
pickeringi..-.-..-. 161

bweed ya --ceeeceeee 164
Calamovyalfa-sal2seeeces Sateen eter 11
brevipilis -- -:2c=-.csee 168
Campulosus <.<: =< -sa=-<2-temeeee 12
aromaticus....---.... 196
chapadensis ......... 197

Capriola <2. =2ic2222e2 ep eee eee 12
dactylonm. 22 328s ssseeceee 189
Catabrosa.....- 2.2: --cLomeceereeere 13
aquatica .-2.22ece:er eee 274
Cathestecum:...-.--:-<c2ceoeseeeer 13
CNCCLUM « «cris stee sees 242

prostratum: —2--- oes. 242

Contchrus) -a55..<2scece a soeeeeeee 9
GY ONUNOTUS oa vanes etl 24

MY OSUTOIMES:- <5. sees 88
tribuloides:--c2e—seee 87
Chsetochloa ..c.2<,-,.ccqse cee memes 9, 86
composita, 2-55... - 85

corrugala. ---a-er-=-1 84
glauea.o--sssecersesee 83

VITIdiS) s.02- = wiseeeeas 83

CHLORIDEZ:. . 25: 2cc.2 jase eee eee 12
Chloris. «2.225. nieces aeaoceeen nee 12
1) ee rE es eer a pe 204
cucullata 222. Jebscepoeee 202

AUD wocccsesas aoexee eee 235
elegans 22222sccensseeeree 204
Horidanaa: sae. - ees 199, 201

glauca 2... 5..cscseeeemesers 198
neglecta i2co cep scene 199, 201

PObreS.... 2255 ce etce eee 200
polydactylon.......=...--. 205
SWOATEZIANG sence ceeee 200, 201
texenSiS..:..:.. aiscccecee eee 206
verticillata..2osceceseeeeee 203

Cima: <2 ecce cc tee ieee eee 10,11
arundinacea: .-0_2ecee- eee 152
MNACTOUTE = a\0.< am Ses aee cee 148
Coleanthus sic<...25c.se eee oreo 6,11
Colpodium. «..-<..2.scocesee=eeeene 13
COrynNePRoTus oc nne- = sons coeeeeee 12
0) Cottea,..- 5. cs ceceec cscs. ages Aco, als}

327

Page. | Page
Cottea pappophoroides..........-- 241 | Eatonia obtusata.......-.-........ 270
Crypsis scheenoides.......-.--.---. 131 pennsylvanica..........-. 269
OPTUM Decale alan ale Siete a. 22/0 <= 2) PWIOUSING = 5. - o's secine Heese eee es 6, 12
americanum .......------ 196 INGIGA cs esc5 sees sne Sees 227
chapadense .........-.--. 197s PE iOnUTUS)2<cmcizcos= ssee ae eee 7
(COPOUTTE 58 CORE BOCES EEO ES 12 barbiculmis -2-=:.<:55: 25
dactylon ...-.. eee eee B89). MMLyMUS} So anee we cscesseese va ae 14
(CiyMOSULUS eri ej eis siecle coe sles 13 ALONALIOS \5.6%.c00ce5 secs es 319
GUD CUB = esas a ee 2981) JSPICAMPES! 2-2 acc cso .sinaie as stants 11
CVistatus =... ssc-00 25273 lig WMataccscss cee sescee 149
ACH MISi se scene cemiecisccs vesttces se 13 TIGSNS Ase S ca h eels ses 148
glomerata.-...- = eee 13; 286) |METAGTOSbIS)< 2520 <n sce 2 sp0 oie sare 13
MLAUMLNEL Aetna ede sce 195 SDYSSINICANS ssc icjas cece ee 258
WULEMO meer as eae ois Se 192 DIOWDIL 2 2; -scasejase 262
WactwlocbeniumM=----.--+-c=-- 12 CHIANG a. cece esses se 266
egyptiacum ....-- 228 conferta .....--..-.---. 264
wegyptium...-..-. 228 curtipedicellata ..... -- 260
WW ANGMONIA secre cca sacceccss se -se 12 frank 2s... escccaes. 265
COMMPLESSM sae 22-5 <n < 187 glomerata .-.-......2..- 264
ROTILCOM Eras tect Seweec ns 188 hy pnoideés-= 4.---0.-.-) 203
SPICAUA Ys. soe ncessccw ess 186 neo-mexicana.......... 258
ER GNAMPBSlAn= ce csinss acceso casas 12 pectinacea........- 260, 261
atropurpurea.....-.- 176 PIUMOSS 25.55 coSsincece 267
CalVeinao casos 2c =< 15 PULSER 223. seco. se seer 259
dlongata.<-=.-..--< 174 TEDLANS sco cawinjnanese at 263
HEXUOSS joc ss-2 <= 173 sessilispica,:.-<<.sscs seis 268
Nnoleiformis. 2: 2..5..% =< 192. | -Bremochtlods <q 2.32 002 52c= csaeae aren 13
DROTTNENG n.5. = w2's == 2 20 emoanicmawt 13) | PTIaNt US asso science aaceee cece T
QUIRCTRCOUNM = 3.2- as0 sax s 280 compactus.....--.----.- 21
Digitaria serotina :.......----.+--- 56 SUriCuUStsseres seca acne 22
Diplachne dubia.............------ 235 | Eriochloa ..-... Sse wecheoceetoaaine 9
RINDTUCHED caicis =<. 24 <0: < 232 Vemmonies secs eenc 54
PEDENCHOMWU a acco ese sc. 229. MOAS: 5. soe s0.35siseeen 52
PUGUO US facies < 5 a6 268 DUNC) cs. j-eaee ts c= 53
SPUCOUG mecceame ns: sane ee 229 | Eriocoma cuspidata.--:..........- 115
DUSCULMsiansaeccs< se s.1= 231)| Buchleena.s-- 22. =. Rees Pe if
Dissanthelium -..-.-.-.---------=- 13 | Hustachys floridana...........--.- 201
ealifornicum..-..-- 257 QUALCO RE ae aie nee eon 198
MIS GLOMU See are <a ser, Fee ise sent 13)\! Hestucars scp .caccss sce mcseecee 13
MUONUEUIIUL <0 onic cic 2i- tae Fe - 285 elatior arundinacea --.... 305
BPICAL@ << -.52-6-s250ns0% 285 elatior pratensis. -........- 306
DrpOniiayees ss5) oes .c55 se Sees 13 rubra glaucescens ...--... 307
JOR Ey 6 AROS aS eet Si see LSis| SMESRU ORAS Pw cses she cashes seaeeiee 11, 13
GUALYY ace sass oe eaiceesske 20 | Gastridaum <esesresaaecesacecosse 11
HUTOLMIS +a <)s1cis c,cio.s. 20 oon 272 Gusti dlewes. scene 159

ii ae eon wee. 271 | lendigerum ........... 159

328

Page
GUY GING weeeceeaze eos tacenekanees 13
OIUARCH, <6 cjcs0%-s 2c ce.ce as 298
canadensis ........--- . 302
CONGO: cass ecnncoesce << 300
PUMONS 2200 ccscezesee ess 303
MOTWUVING <ccce5.stesencse 304
MCLVQUM 22 Sain cise e ecreee 299

DOWIE n= en ce= Sse econ: 301
Graminew@y: 222. fn ea ee 5
GraphephoruMessssaoe sea a cose 13
flexuosum ......--- 256
melicoideum ...... 297
Greenia arkansana..-.....-.------- 151
<SVANNODOCON ese eee see ses ecee = 12
AMDISUUS 2. 52 cata. 209
brevifolius ....... 210
PACENLOSUS = 20222000. 209
Gyimnostichum hystrix ........---- 320
G\merinm i. 3- 2. 5-2 522 Ue 3s ae 13
Hackelochlodics-c.-22 sec0- eee ese if
eranularis 2.5.2... . 24
Heleochloa.......... pasa ee eies 11
schceenoides ........---- 131
Hemarthria fasciculata ..-...----- 23
Hierochloé ....-. Pamiteeeie S26 aaeoee 10
boreatisic so55-2 5. ec 101
macrophylla ..-.------- 102
Wilaride eases sess ea ee eons 8
Cenchroides = v2.2. Aoseci 36
NAIMOSIM: 22 ce-ces oan eae 108
MU CA enna eee nee s aes 37
TO Anas soe saeco arse 39
FLOLCNS owe 3 eee ae we See 10, 12
VaN ALS) 222 e aces coe easee- 169
Homalocenechnus <2 sc2s2c252se55¢ 9
hexandrus....--- 93
lenticularis.-.-..-.- 92
monandrus ....-- 96
oryzoides....-.-. 94
virginicus ...-.-- 95
BS (03:30) 05: Oa ae 14
Hordeum f2see422 555 -- 5-7 5eree =o 14
NOLGAl Glee ccoceosne- ose 318
My drochloa-2sassncs0 22am eae D
Hystria patult..s2-< ssse2seen0-2-- 320

WM Peratasecess se aa--e- aos sse-e= 7

Page.

Imperata brevifolia ......... Seer eel
Caudald eee 20

hookeriz;) 4--pp eee 20
Ischemum secundatum ....--...-. 90
Kiceleria. o< 2.2220 tee ee 13
ory carpus. -or2-cscsoeee eer ner 13
diandrius)-3-2--- ese 280

Lagurus) -o-.22-cscosseeeee eeeeee 11
Lamarcekia) fo 2.c: se see eee 13
@ULC8. ~ 522222 See eee 288

FC) REE i RIES 5 A seme 9
hexanards<. 2s ee eee 93
lenticularis.=22c2 2. eee 92
MINANATG. 222s eee ee ee 96
oryzovdes:... .-. seneeeeaeeeee 94

DUT GUNTCH. 2.22 eee eee 95
Leptochloa:...<-.2- aesssnee eee 12
Cubin..2-0. 27 25 ee 235
fascicularis=--cece eee 230

imbricata. -=see-eee 232

langlotsti, 2.2 eee 233
mucronats = 2322-65-52 222 237
néalleyiss22-esee eee 234

pringleis.. 232422 ee eee 236
Scabra::.2-.co eee 233

Spicata «ce. sheen ee)

stiicid,...2 asvereeeee 234

Viseida, .22:22.¢5.5e2sscemeol

Lepturus: -..-. 2.220 a0.b eee eee 14
bulandert 2-225 315
Lesourdia karwinskyana....-...-- 243
multiflora......-. FS 243

Eimnodia: «2.0 22 assess ee eee 11
arkansan® J.c2=seaes50e8 151

Loliam 2... 5..02./-<2 <2 +See 14
italicum .-.,-2-.t2--ceeeeree 314
perenne ....::-. 2eoeeenees 313
Lophochlena refracta ......----..- 281
Luziola i. 2.25) <2 222.20. ae eee 9
alabamensis-..222eeeeee eee 91
LyCurus... 252. 5-2 2-ueees eee 11
Manisuris....-: 522.2552 s2eee eee 7
COMPLessh.- 2s ess ose 23
OTONULATIS canons eee 24

MAYDEM. 25.2 322152 2222 see ee 6
Melita, ..2-.25 2250. sose- sone eee 13

329

Page
NI ICAIDIEIDOSBe = </2,cm2 aise = ew scene 279
URN G Oe rote elaine oan ais ei ee 275
AUC Ree sae siemens ss os eas 275
Marl wore sss oss sos 276
OTL ENU wa ai ors cin SE nis a <:5'a(e 276
Spectabilis-..% 225+ Fo cc.255- 277
BUDIOCUIe ence e os os ccclss.o si 278
WICUGOTT, - od GHok SS 55 eee ete eee 11
GMUGUMN. sohe eens sescc=te 116
VENORG CTA = 2.0.0. seeo~'s--5 159
MESCANTNNS pe == ae aioe. 25 ass wea = i
MICHITIG, 36.5560 .esc pea onea eae eee 13
Mionanthochloé = <0. -2-2.22c250<- 13
MUtORALIS - 2m 02.2% 244
Miniilonberpia. os j.22 52 seo esses 11
CLUS Ale 22 testa Sac 117
Aliculmis'...<..s=. 126
gtomerata .--...---- 121
STACHISie. 22. --- =<. 129
eraciilima. -.. 5... 124
mexicana .........- 118
porterte 22-2263 123
PIIN CLG sas 2 cscs 122
PUTS ENS. <,cl20 0.2 0's 125
TACEMOSN <2 <1-- <0, 121
schafimeri.......-.- 127
sylvatica ......-.. 120
tenuiflora .......... 119
COLON se a a% wrcieic « 123
virescens .--..-.... 128
willdenovii ......--- 119
DVM eee clelee cere ate /alee cis iac ec nics 13
BETA RON eer ons csicyaioiers = 5 245
INATOUS pits cece acs ccs comes ce acs 14
BULIChAQy- 4c -< eos. --2 se ees 312
IIA se Beat SORES Cee ee eee 8
WplismenUsls sara Se oo ce ere sce sie 9
Oromtilar pe eee. cos cs scceecct. 13
EMMGORNICR= <2 -- sesceen = 246
ODyZaSAbIV Als) <0.-55 sea eccccsees 9
UWE 07.0 Sp ae Oe ae 9
OTN ODES ae os ccecccesec5sscssiaes 11 |
ASPPMILOliad=.o-scicc rene 111
CRTs ee asi Sa sey 113
fimipriata + -.<-..2<2s22-<6 abel
MUNRGUlcer en assesses sees 108 |

Page.
Oryzopsis melanocarpa.....-...--. 110
membranacea ......---- 115
micranthaye=2--.se-0- 2s 114
MONGOlMEA = 525205262252 109
IPAINICAUIGAS 225 5 o26 asat neces ne 6
PAN IGEAG foie eerie yatloe eases eae 8
PAaMCulayidiacss -sosatec sss=ce sete ce 13
AQUALICR.- <csateccioncs <= 298
canadensis ..-..-2 ~=-. 302
elongata, ..22sac2s0.ce0 300
(mba sisson e sease ae css 303
NOUV AGA s oaceces cca sere 299
pallidas. 22 ss% ons sctsoae 301
Panicum 922202 sess eassenscceses a 9
AMALOM seecss2cn~siecs<ce 73
AN COPS 325 .0:0 cic em oistas sala =< 71
barbulatum .2--2-2.s--.< fits
POTCALGIn=> -2s,c-ens eee 76
pulbosuntss-5..b-25,. noe 74
COLONUMI. 22 -coecec oscccss 81
columbianum . <<..0% <<: 78
CORPUS LUNE cc ociaa wane: 84
erus-falli--.222s- 222 --paer 82.
AGChYLONM 2 co-as es emsseeee 189
GeMiSSUM: -222..600222-00% 79
nib oc eS ee orien 68
Pal 0h Nereoocadospeaoeser 65
QUAUTUM ann seal seen aes 55
gracillimume: 5-27 ose. 57
OLOSHATIUM GS occas 61
RUANS Sate ae eawesee ee ea 66
MANAGUM <2 -,<2.cc\'aano< ss 2 60
leucopheum .....--.----- 60
MINGTe e+ sao meee ee 55
longipedunculatum...... 80
melicarium..-...--:.:--- 66
MOWO ccna cstslejsisia(cimia= See ses 52
MASDIAMUMN = = teste see == 79
ObiusumMe=-o-e see ies ee 63
paspaloides:.--------.--- 59
DhLOvnTIXs2= 2-2 -- asec 58
projiferum = 2-----=5----- 69
TOPCNSi 22 a2sse- = Sse sm m= 70
gancuinale!:-.---2---25-- 189
SOroumUM 22-2 =--0- 8 56
spherocarpon....- Seeear 4 Ths

330)

Page. Page.

Panicum stenodes: ...1.<...00.0/--- 64 | Poaalpina 5. 5. Secjemerstee seers 290
COXANUMY 5-655 - soeccestes 62 QIMNDIGUG 55,2 ns aelarsiciotstele eet 250
VOLLUCOSUIY < <2.5-,- oc sicea's 67 QLIGD = scivcis are Horses Be Seeiee 295

WAL SAG: 22 apieleerelere ats 72 brevitolia,.i2 sc osccemeeee renee 294
VUWIOE.wiccwccstesiseeeetse 83 buckleyana 2. 5---ce-ssseeenee 296
Pappophorum=22 10.2 seen See os ee- 13 chapmanianai: - nsec see seere 289
APELUOM +5206 ses = 240 CUVATUS = ia 2 Satese teste eee 266

boredle --s=sa622= oso: 239 CONFER 2:12 t foe eee 264

WES jeceicjasc ms 239 ClLONG Obra 2 22:2 Saleh Ree Ree 300

Paspalum. :<..22-<2ccsacesmsa-ee= 9, 12 Qlomerata:. .s- saeco ee ee 264
compressum .......-.--- 42 hypnoides:. s2seguanesee eee 263

difforme’ 22.42 =52cec055s 47 kelloggil =. -.m-ee eee ee 292

GUAT s ve ace ease mes 41 MANUUMNG « . 222). - sehen see seer 304
dilatatum.<5222 222-22 49 pratensis! 3222 5ss5ec soe eee 291

CISt CDW seen Sea 43 sylvestris: ... 22 <cscecaceeteees 293

CULO EIins = same oeciclsiite i= 41 beni folia =.22. 4. eeeeee 296
Horidanum 222... os2- 48°| POACEAS, ....5.2¢. 5202 cone See 9

IESG Serre eaaase aos 45\ | Polypogon... :<-...c22 see eee 11

ODOEUT acee mies ale einai 49 monspeliensis..-..---. 150
paspaloides-...-....-.-. 41.) Puccinellia — 2... 5c esses eee 13
platycale ....-.-....0=- 42 Maritimarn ase ssserts 304
Plicsbulwm yasoce<se <<< 46. | Red fieldia .-.2.-.-s-5teeeeseeeeeeee 13

SCbACCUM sooee ees ese a 44 flextlosa. 2 se teeeeseae 256
PennisChuM seaee ase eeeee eee 9 | Réimaria.-..2.222..es eee 9
Setosuml 222--..2-2---- 89 oligostachya ....--.-.-<- 40

Poreilema ia <cicisciviesessises hoo scce JT! | ROB eda ee ewe coe eee 7
PHAGARIDEA 2 ihe cass esate ee 10 COMPTESSH == Ee eesem ose 23
Phalarist. 2c. - sss sseSesetcceencmee 10 | Saccharum... ....0.--2sesee=sepe eee 7
amethystina ............- 97 | Savastana.-2...2..gnsssdeseereeee 10

ENP USbar -.2- 3. -c-2-ce~ ese 99 macrophylla ....--..-... 102
CaLOliniana, -2- scccensc=2 98 odorata’. senescent 101
CTUCHSOTINIS ..---.2----- 226 | Schedonnardus.--2.2 22. =eeeeeeenee 12
WNGEPINEOUEs cae ss amnsecice 98 paniculatus ....:.. 211

WRATUS & 22 ess oo secsemcckiscseecte 9 CCRUIVUB: Me scamioticiee 211
IDI PPS ltaease soe ees cee ne 11 | Scleropogon-.----.--- sss aosseeene 13
BU] UD Seine sic) weiwaten asiaiasre 13 brevifolius: 2.-.5.2-o-- 243

PHOUM .2 2 a sisGcrsaaccsaagact tenis 11 | Scolochloa ..----.:.-<-sceeeeeemee 13
DEAUONSO visio oc <siscewisee'sls 132 | Seribneria .-+.--.<:<22ncseeeeeeeee 14
SCHONOIMES J0c2 nase es ss 131 bolanderi:.. 2. seeeeeeece 315
Phracmites:: 2.5... +ese.e ee cses c= 13-| Secale... .222.2-.. acaceee eee eeeeeeee 14
COMUMUMNIS .so50 sa2a% 247 | Setarta. <..2 2-00 -n seen cee 9

Vulgaris: .s22202 joc 247 COMPOSI, = 2-.s sca ee eet 85
Pleuropovon= =: caeecewesccseaneae 13 COTVUGALA 22 ee te ee eer 84
TOLPactuUM <2 o-cesecee 281 WEOUECD <:e:<10) fatal eee ee ae 86

Plewraphis rigida....-.222-2ss0..-% 39 | VUNUAUE <1 ore nate eee 83
P08 oe - E cosccmsssesectescdosa ces 13 | Sieglingia. sce setae Bapooeoododas ils}

331

Page.

Sieglingia acuminata .--.--------- 253
QUDESCENS a2 22a <nmin- = 251
americana....---------- 255
eragrostoides...-.------- 248

TEC QULC YU ase rias elera = w=) 252
pulchella..--.----------- 254

Sorghum paueiflorum..--.------- 35
Spartina ...---.---------------- 10. 12
cynosuroides .---.------- 191
densiflora .....---.-------- 194

QUAOT OR 2.0 =a ne=- = 2 <5 195

GOUMND . .---22se-n- mn sen 194

gracilis ....:--.---------- 193

Gumnced .--.--------------- 192
juncitormis..-.---------- 194

patems .-....------------- 192
polystachya ..--.---.---- 190

stricta maritima..-.-.---- 195
Sporobolus. .-..-.---.------------ 6,11
UU OLG Sista ane sencilla 145

arputus) --.....-------- 146

@SPOLs <5 sce == o- = == 137
compressus -..-------- 143

COUMSUIN ston wlalace == 47

GULUGW ese casewiann eee 142
Horidanus.=2.0c--.-+--- 141
hétjerolepis ---...--.---- 139

AMOS eters lta neice sims 144

ANtOLLUP CUS’ «2-20. -s-- - 140

longifolius ..-...-.---- 138

Stenochloa californica....-.------- 257
Stenotaphram ...-....------------ 9
americanum ..----- 90

secundatum .-...-- 90

il Mae satteeiaw <2 2 ais owen seseceis == 11
[Sin Stars | seep SoeeooSe ees noae 108
membranacea -..-.---------- 115
mongolica.....-.------------ 109
spartea .....---------------- 107
Syntherisma linearis.....--------- 55
Serotind «2 ..-<.---=-- 56

TUG UCT eee cepa ROOD DOSER SHAE 11
CKONSONG 2 sna see el= = 151
Trachynotia polystachya .....-.--- 190

Trachypogon ....-..---..--.------- 7
STP OQUS oops ame oes ma ate emo ce ya inrela imine 8
ferichlorisacser.s-.etesaae ae eter i 12
blanchardiana..-.------- 207
PASCICULALO = == <0 == -1~ 207
pluriflora;---22--=---=- 208

Tricuspis monstrosa...------------ 243
Dri OCT ale senate ae. siesetel sete Danita mini 13
AC UMN Aba ss niece are === 253
albescens' .:.--------+----- 251
ambigua - -.....6- o2: --< == 250
eragrostoides ---.---.----- 248
nealleyiviss os enwcinsse eer 252
pulchellac cc. sess. 2c(em = = 254

texana -..-.---. Se oceee rece 249
Triplasis americana -.....-------- 255
TripSacuMc. = = cess s= - 11 7
dactyloides.....-.-.--. 19

PriSebUMs = soe oat eam inal 12
GaNeSCeNS 2226+ 6.-s56-- =< 18]

CELNDUUN - «2252-22-51: 182
elon@aban. rise a2 een 180
interruptum ----.-..----- 180
MONtANUM.... <2 jen. a = 179
palustre)42-4-~ soso eere 177
subspicatum ...-..------ 78
TRISTEGINE AS, 22% - Seneca wien nee meni 8
(PrifiGuMss ase ea ae wsie eee em iotaim lel 14
MEP CNS eran asta sewer = mela 316

Winiolay. Socee<-Sncsceeiecieesn= <= 3
QM@CttS a a7 sec inletwicleie so -l- == 284
latitoliaaa.cass 25-6 See 282

Uist) Seea enn anocn nota coe 284
PaANiCulatancs es -masee= =i 283

VRQs ang utd cence <ie'-mje)2 === 146
PA ead apeasara Sag Sea Ser 148
Weingertneria ..-. -- ----------- 12
Windsoria pallida......-..2.------ 301
DER = aoe ae toe ae alee aa wis oom ine 7
(AVA E idee pe oaaes So eO ee OO RUOOS 9
Zizaniopsis ...-.-----------+------ 9
LOY SIRs oe mre na a5 a')ale win leieainlale 8
ZOYSIEE..--+-+- SPCR EC eeeECOUNDO! ae

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