eer me ert rsh er ey warcrere yp rirpanp riers re pees Tene meseetarae Bunt 554 8 a % uy ce LI MIQAI GAIA RAI QIMAQLIOIQAOIOENRIONANIONIOTY, ies ‘ay cS % 6 S > a eS eo ow = eT a ny < to es % = C8 ra) — oe? gy j | = x — Qo o Led & = % | — S : = bY a 0 (Re % Gy 36 % = = S oS = 3 % g oS Wl oa % w= ro 0% ee) = 0% uN = o x bY iw) AMMMMMMBMAAMAAMMMMIMMAMMMMAM ” e NS EIWW,: Wea a awa i > indy : a ~ “< agp, 4 er ee a Sg A ell ys Samia N iN la WY WZ. Lae Mas Am Ee ; i y Ws , AR. ” oo. 722 il » 4 O Yd ~ a w te NDor \ 4 pe Ni She dete. a- a oh Se: ‘ q + ee 2 A Ses | ° oe — ms -- : t . e 4 J ~ ad . ‘ or" , — * tin ntl at dh = “> han fd . . 7 w rn Pe ey AR ee 3 wes ae 3 et ae 19, LPR KSA RA. ie " "es a mf YS - ' ~N ‘ as Nati 5 ae | Draetse «° a \ ) . 4 i Pas . P. +s ‘ vy a Ain, a 77 \e \ . a * i‘ Bow. i a « Ee, ‘sp eS A a Aw ¢ “PP Pe) oF | AX ’ ma” Po: = -, “oe blabla aaa > x? . 7 Va PPE, 7 07 La) 4 | Pn - -_ bgp ALAS , Ae i 7: ee ae v4, iS ” . hes é Y on a Pavel ¥ Pf V7 2 ul Ma in 4. MD AA a SN I ie ee FE ee 2 a” ar Mas AY. i oa ar FP TT 243 im ~~ a po” IN * A rw Td 2 wel AW t) i ih i ANUARY, 1913 MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers PRICE 25 CEN Vol. X. No. I NEW YORK, N. Y. $3.00 A YEA ee - COKNITO | } ds GARDEN BOOK, ss mn ay a sis oi te ow it Fa hep HIS book is a proof of our interest in all ae the problems which confront the man who wants a garden, be he amateur or profes- sional with acres or a plot of grass to work on. Dreer’s Garden Book is our seventy-fifth anniversary gift to anyone who grows flowers or vegetables. It contains the accumulation of Coldwell Demountable Cutters a brand new feature in Horse and Putting Green Mowers Two or more go with each machine, like the spare blades of a safety razor. seventy-five years of experience, and lists only tested varieties : ; f of all the old-time favorites, as well as the dependable Think how handy whenever blades P : novelties in flowers and vegetables. It also contains need sharpening or other repairs. cultural articles written by experts, has 288 pages with 5 : photo-reproductions on each page, four color and six Light draft. Fine cut. Send at once for full» description and _ prices. duotone plates. Dreer’s Diamond Jubilee Garden Book is not just a catalog—it is a book of valuable infor There are 150 different styles and sizes of Coldwell Lawn Mowers — motor mowers as well as horse and hand. Complete catalogue on request. mation. Sent free to anyone mentioning this publicat’ COLDWELL LAWN MOWER COMPANY Philadelphia NEWBURGH, NEW YORK Chicago Special Offer—$13- Value for 57% American Estates and Gardens pire rerrex Large Quarto, 11x13% Inches. 340 Pages. 275 Illustrations. Handsomely Bound. Gilt Top. Boxed. @ This is a sumptuously illustrated volume in which for the first time, the subject of the more notable, great estates, houses and gardens in America receive adequate treatment. Aneffort has been made to select as great Our Special Offer a variety as possible of the styles of architecture which have been introduced into this country, as being specially adapted to the peculiar conditions of Ameri- can country life. q Although the exteriors of some of the houses shown may be familiar to a certain number of readers, few have had the privilege of a visit to their interiors, and for that reason special attention has been given to reproductions of many of the sumptuous halls and rooms of the people of wealth, and no better way can be obtained of learning how the favored few live. @ The building of the great homes of America has necessarily involved the development of their sur- Q The price of this book is $10.00. We are offering a limited number of copies, together with one year’s sub- scription to American Homes and Gardens, the price of which is $3.00, a total value of $13.00, for $7.50 for the two, transportation charges prepaid. As we are offering only a limited number of copies on these liberal terms, we would advise that orders be sent at once, before the supply of the book is exhausted. rounding grounds and gardens; the work of the landscape gardener has rivaled, in its dignity and spacious beauty, that of the archi- tect. If but little is known of our great estates, still less is known of their gardens, of which, in spite of the comparatively short period that has been given for their growth, we have some very noble instances among us, which are illustrated and described in the present volume. 4 This work is printed on heavy plate paper and contains 340 pages 1034x13% inches, enriched with 275 illustrations, of which eight are in duotone. It is handsomely bound in green cloth, and stamped in black and gold, and, in addition to being the standard work on notable houses and gardens in America, unquestionably forms a most attractive gift book. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers :-: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK December, 1913 Howes Snped GARDENS PeNine at AMERICAN eu AND GARDENS SE foe cco tof] fos emmnommvte| [Ol paccongieree neo See, ) se" we 23° Die 5 2 Soo C 2 ° one Sacay 23 * en ee Sea ote eeceannesne ®e » » wots > januaryy: os ee? 72) |OlO|Gss ace mens meee Fsland house..:... 0 .c..n.sss2 ce ceeees 320 A successful suburban home................ 394 Abandoned farmhouse, A practical treatment IE Ze Oe Oe nce tc See eae 4 American country estate, an................. 380 3 SET G2 6ST Glee per eoeece 6 ocr aera 96 Antiques and curios in the home............. 126 Antiques used as lighting fixtures............ 119 A Persian garden in California.............. 426 = 2 [2 PEE FO oe ee oe 419 A remodeled city house...................... 422 A well-planned California chalet............. 417 Architects— PURE Ca PATGCHELD .. tcmiesas sen eee oeers. 346 Bates & Howe, New York, N. Y.......... 165 Bohnard & Parsson, Cleveland, O.......... 95 Dietricht, E. G. W., New York, INGE 898 157 Edwards, Robt. C., "New York, N. Y.. 149, 166 Embury, 2d, Amyar, New York, N. eed 176 Ford, Lyman A., ‘New York, N. Y......... 245 cee New York N. Vo:i...... 199, 350 Gilchrist, Edmund B., Philadelphia, Pa.... 15 Hardway, G. J., ‘New York, N. Y........... 323 Hoth, John C., Hackensack, 'N. J.......... 167 Hunt, Myron, New York, N. Y............ 320 Smith, Lucien E.. New York, N. Y......... 320 Maumee Wace Nelle: .3.......6000ceue ese 249 LOSES OS OGRS-e ee e a 149 Norris, A. F.. New York, N. Y......... 23, 311 Enns bo ., Boston, Mass..........2..- 4 terme A New York IN. Y...23.2-2i:.. 149 Pope, John Russell, New York, IN. Y...... 388 Southey, Ernest G., Bridgeport, Conn. .166, 205 Tynan, Frances, Glenridge, N. J........... 149 Van Antwerp, Dudley S., Montclair, N. J., 167, 360, 383 Waid & Williams, New York, N. Y....... abe Wilson, Eyre, Philadelphia, Pa............ 46 (al tse Te Gigin ag, oe Se ee 274 Walker & Gillette, New York, N. Y....... QP Ware, Arthur, New York, N. Y........... 394 RMMISIMENCUOAPCCH oie ois Nndiecaliccs bean nec 32 PSEMESIERI ERIC. AL OGRE ~ o/c. 6 a ovclele of oo ohne 66, 106, 142 Around the garden ............. 188, 226, 260, 298 334, 370, 406, 442 PRURAMONMODLMEMICNEC 55555 occ slic 6 toe so oe oto os 224 Automobile accessories, some................ 241 LUGiiCS 22 ne Cope: 6 18 ti int ee. ee 6, 22, 42, 82, 132, 172 RIO RTESIEL CORIESS, 225 20: . 2's a eens le cas 13 SI GAGl die Pee? <- A x ee 289 SIPt! Toc 6 iS ee Oe eee oe 43, 44, 45 Birds, making friends with the............... 43 Bohemian SASS»: -.-.<.. 5, 22, 31, 40, 49, 59, 62, 81, 118, 123, 125, 131, 148, 165, 166, 175, 186 Doeytheshouse eset: store variant cee 26 Doing without, the gentle art of............. 65 DollskotwallBeim esta set cycersigtcvovsisictere ys bsceauslsc = 328 Domestic science and college................. 190 BarlygeAmmienican asitlvietascsiesiecies lacie oie e «<< 96 Bat lye OUTS ipeers auch een easton tceaees sistem eee atts a eke a LST Early glass in-Salem collections............. 133 Blectnicittyaingtne shouses- naa kone ne. 107 Evergreens for the home grounds........... 313 Fall building, types of houses for............ 344 Fall planting in the flower garden........... 340 Fall planting, table of hardy perennials for. .345 Parmhousemalvongmislandeepereneees ce aeen 20 Harmbouses a Medtield’ 4c. seamen aoe aoe 303 Barmhouse at. Radnor, Fox Hill..-).......... 46 Farmhouse, making a summer home out of an OL a es eiese snopes cee ene ee 280 Farmhouse, restoration of an “eighteenth cen- LEI amen ee On Octo aE OCC cco a & oirrite c 39 Fire prevention in the home................:. 443 Hloorsmilardwoodec dens 5-.aa cere oer 104 Flower garden, Fall planting in the.......... 340 Flower gardens for everyone...... te, BME eer 76 OUntaine 7 cyte cutee en eRe hrs eros 94 Hour-poster, ‘the Stately... sehen. seen oe 324 Furnishing a small house, cost of............ 8 Furnishing the remodeled farmhouse......... 296 JERE paNLihT ten eee, pene ie RCE an 8, 137, 138, 139, 183 RibiobiHs, AbueeberAb oonnonnovcaoccuduoodde oo 224 GardemeAprilein the). 2. 2 cee Pe ae 142 Gardemebebruanyaand the -seeeeeeee ne eee. 66 GardenvinmeAignist ithe 2.0 eeeeeee re nian 298 Gardenpinwaliilyethe: «\-.:....- rere 260 Gardetiy im jianes thes «1... descents wee 226 GardenwinieViarchathe. ee eee en en 106 Gardenminp Viava theses.) a eee neon eis. 118 Gardenenao sits tein to sce Se baie are ss 246 Garden, November in ‘the. ....75-62.22.-20... 406 Garden, October in the......... cole eater 370 Garden; planting: the bilby. see ses) lke 356 Garden seats of WOOGALHSHC Iie. ccc ere cain 261 Garden, September im! thes. -n00--.. 005.05... 334. Garden, the all-Summer vegetable............ 85 (EAs WER Mee ae. i 90 Gardens for everyone, flower................. 76 Garrisommbotise the nOlds 2.0 66. ccc csc ne 124 (CONS En, cobs cade DORE en ee 43, 66 (CAEWES cc cage bike oGoeD OBO OOo ee Hee hil Glass olermiants eereercties:hetee es ech sesso ss wky ees 251 (IEEE, Corie CRIDKY Eoob boon ee 133 Glass, the decorative value of................ 332 Glenclyffe IPE AD *cc-c, chore eA Oe eRe eRe 195 (ARS FAIUEC? tcc add oo LOU Be Tonio Cente ae 206 EVAL: eetee oe eet 22s neces 21, 49, 53, 55, 81, 105 119, 120, 121, 124, 126, 127 129 Handkerchiefs, old printed 5 SOE OOS 219 Hidtdwood AO0ts 2601 .26+ coe. cel sce ceclae 104 Hardy garden, a long bloom in a............ 277 Hardy perennials for Fall planting, table of.. .345 Helps to the housewife............ 34, 71, 107, 143 Ebepilewhtite (cliatts sense icc nvenc bee esec codes 183 Home at Montclair, N. J., a COIN s coo omodoe 80 Home in the Westchester [BINNIE Be oc Hebe 117 ENCE, GWEC PIMOMIG eis sens ies aid << ais.o se dene waves 232 Homestead of colonial New Jersey, an old...268 ot-water bottle, a rabbit... 0... cece cenne oe 108 Dee mber, 1913 2», xV j [esecocipocco el] fetocondpocoo fel) fa ooondoooo toy [ft oncnoonn x 48H) (0) House in ‘Cleveland, Ohio ................... 95 Housel telephones the). s.0220... 056.2 sons s 3 IRLOUSS loge; Waele a aua nema oe ea ote eid eto ooo 26 House in Jamestown, N. Y., a............... 89 Housesofidistinction, a sttcco. ).4...........- 311 Houses of moderate size .................... 147 House plants and their care................. 428 Elousessite; athe! smallle.3..c. cn ssss++ chee. 158 House of— Bacon, W. P. H., Bronxville, N. Y......... 163 Benedict, E. F., Hasbrouck Heights, N. J. .353 Briggs, JAE TERRE RU Cee PASS 89 Brown, Dr. S. A., Water Witch, N. J...... 242 Brown, Mr. Davenport, Medfield, Mass..... 4 TONY NA ee ee 279 Buek, G. lal, IByRohyan, ING Wosccccocusncnc- 232 Campbell, Mrs. F. B., Montclair, N. J...... 167 Canfield, Albert H., Bridgeport, Connteeeeee 165 ClarksM ES Jamestown, No Yio... eens 157 Clarke, Fayette C., Bridgeport, Conn....... 205 Cluthe, The, Glen Ridge, 'N. J............. 383 Collier, Robert J., Wickatunk, N. J........ 388 Combs, ie ING Hasbrouck Heights, IN. J... .350 Drake, Alex. M.,, News Work iNeS Yer ee eee 59 Fay, G CG, Hasbrouck Heights, Ni Vices, 350 Fish, Stuyvesant, Garrison, N. Y........... 195 Grant, J. W., Mount Vernon, N. Y........ 167 ale SS mencen.. ccccias eee oar 244 Hobbs, John, Pelham Heights, N. Y....... 147 Holden, Dr. C. M., Scarsdale, N. Y........ 117 Hughes, Felix, Cleveland, Ohio............. 95 Kerr, Thos. H., White Plains, N. Y........ ae Krisheim, Mr., St. Wieyasin, Io oedososnccccn Leonard, Mrs. Mary S., Hackensack, N. J. ne? Linington, Saawis Short JebMlis, ING Mosesosos 394 Master, Samuel ice White Plains, IN Vay 311 Ogden, F. J., Glen Ridge, (N. J..:........... 360 Osborne, Edmund B., Montclear, N. J...... 80 Otis, William L., Waterford, Conn......... 284 Palmer, K. = Douglaston, Maer aa Ge ono G 323 Parker, Geo. F Hasbrouck Heights, N, Jieeesoe Parks, Chas., Englewood, ING. Jieeeeeio see ee 431 Poillon, Cornelius SLC or cepa cen b 245 Raymond, C. W., Water Witch, N. J...... 243 Rothery, J. J. H., Cataumet, Mass........... 207 Sawyer, Joseph D., Stamford, Conn........ 51 Smith, Dr. E: D., Woodmere, L. I.......... 320 Stevens, Rev. M. S., Upper Montclair, N. J. 23 Tynan, Mrs. Wm. J., Glen Ridge, N. J..... 149 iver, \ivilbern, INKS, IN, Woodaccccaccsocs 274 Williamson, Frederick J., Sneden’s Landing, INAV, eect SAA. oe eer ee 375 Interior decoration, no-period style.......... 140 Invalid@cookinoamereer teenie ee eer erica 143 A Tamer mate eS Uri Ee ae REE RUE cls 307 Evy COtuntn | rae care oa om ceo ee eae 248 Kitchen 35 seeeeeeee hth ogres ees 63, 64, 175 Wihenrarts Jin: eu) MAI Sarto 3 others eee ee eee ae 149 irisheimecottaccmeeren ice eee eae 15 Wanterns; Gold! Mey vceyte cic Meee ei see ae 255 eibLarys teres eet aan. bene 82 Lighting fixtures, antiques used as............ 119 Lighting of the house in Summer............ 258 Tittle thingssanithe house) ).........-.s.snnee 186 [ety exp ool pitchersmsoime see a eee 216 Living-rooms .4, 21, 23, 31, 41, 49, 54, 55, 82,118 122, 125, 127, UBIO, WS} 141, 148, 167, 174, 187 Long bloom in a hardy garden, a............. 277 onsmlislandmtagmhousemame cits eee 20 Luncheons, some hints for outing............. 262 ISUStreswales ty cisuyste ste eer ey oettvess arte ee ore 179 Making a Summer home out of an old farm- HOUSC gar tysc.. haren Retain Meee 280 Making friends with the birds............... 43 IMapesaiipletsw s... neloeek c.f cc sete soe 177 Medtield tanmbhotsesea sn s.c0. selene nelle 303 Metall work, wrought. ......0......05+-.0. 00. 162 Mirrors, decorative value of................. 30 Moving the garden into the house............ 372 January, 1913 NESTS AND PERCHES By E. I. FARRINCTON OWLS are able to roost on a small round pole, but are much less com- fortable than on 2x3 scantlings, set on edge, with the upper corners slightly rounder. All the perches in the poultry house should be the same height; otherwise the hens will fight for the highest one. Also, they should be higher than the nest boxes or other furn- ishings on which the hens might perch, for hens of the lighter breeds in particular in- variably seek the highest point available when they retire at night. It is best to have the perches detachable, so that they may be taken out and disin- fected frequently. Washing them with kerosene will quickly clean them of vermin, but this work must be done often. There are preparations on the market with which the perches may be painted and which will keep them entirely free from mites for from one to six months. In some poultry houses the roots do not come in contact with the wall, but are set on low horses at the rear of the house. This is a sanitary measure which has much to recommend it, as perches and supports may be quickly re- moved and cleaned and the lice cannot readily find shelter in wall cracks. It is well to have all perches low enough so that the hens will not receive a severe jar when they seek the floor in the morning. Many practical poultrymen are abandon- ing dropping boards, thereby greatly de- creasing the amount of labor which they must perform. A board may be set up- right to prevent the droppings being mixed with the litter. When the droppings are dry they are not offensive and a little earth or land plaster may be thrown over them occasionally, so that cleaning out the house is not necessary oftener than once a month. The nests may be simply open boxes fastened to the wall. In some houses orange crates are set upright on the floor and partly filled with nesting material, each crate making two nests. It is better, though, to have the nests attached to the walls, so that the floor may be left free, especially if the fowls are closely confined. There should not be a platform in front of the nest boxes or there will be much quarreling and probably many broken eggs. lf there is simply a box edge to stand on, the hen is obliged to enter the nest or fly down. When there are several nests in a row, tlie front of each should be an inch or two above the nesting material or the hens wili endeavor to pull the eggs from one nest to another. I have had hens col- lect several eggs in one nest under condi- tions which seemed to make it almost im- possible for them to do so. It is well to have a slanting board at the top of the nests to prevent the birds roost- ing there. Many poultrymen advocate dark nests, but they are not necessary, al- though it is true that a hen will select a dark nest in preference to a light one. About the only good reason, however, for the use of darkened nests is that they AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS SOCIETY’S PREFERENCE For OVER SIXTY YEARS The character of the Rauch & Lang owner-list is proof that the Rauch & Lang is ‘“ The Car of Social Prestige.”’ The distinctive style for which Rauch & Lang cars are noted, results from the ability to give exactly the correct touch to every detail of construction and finish. This abil- ity evolves from more than sixty years’ ex- perience and the will to obtain and main- tain the highest standards. The famous royal coaches handed down to succeeding generations were no more staunchly built. The care exercised in the building of Rauch & Lang Electrics limits the number possible to produce—makes ownership exclusive. Every Rauch & Lang agent will gladly Ss demonstrate. .; TheRAUCH& LANG CARRIAGECO. ,. 2406 West ie CN Fd Twenty-fifth Street (levelond Rauch & Lang Electrics will be exhibited in the Turkish Room of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel during the New York Automobile Show, January 11-18 Just Published The Modern Gasoline Automobile Its Construction, Operation, Maintenance and Repair By VICTOR W. PAGE, M. E. 700 (6x9) Pages. 500 Illustra ions. 10 Large Folding Plates Price, $2.50 HE latest and most complete treatise on the Gasoline Automobile ever issued. Written in simple language by a recognized authority, familiar with every branch of the automobile industry. Free from technical terms. Everything is explained so simply that anyone of average intelligence may gain a comprehensive knowledge of the gasoline automobile, The. information is up-to-date and includes in addition to an exposition of principles of construction and description of all types of auto- mobiles and their components, valuable money-saving hints on the care and operation of motor cars ropelled by internal combustion engines. Among some of the subjects treated might be mentioned: Sores and other symmetrical body forms designed to reduce air resistance ; sleeve valve, rotary valve and other types of silent motors; increasing tendency to favor worm-gear power-transmission ;_ universal application of magneto ignition; development of automobile electric lighting systems; block motors; underslung chassis; application of practical self-starters; long stroke and offset cylinder motors; latest automatic lubrication systems ; silent chains for valve operation and change-speed gearing; the use of front wheel brakes and many other detail refinements. By a careful study of the pages of this book one can gain practical knowledge of automobile construc- tion that will save time, money and worry. The book tells you just what to do, how and when to doit. Nothing has been omitted, no detail has been slighted. Every part of the automobile, its equipment, accessories, tools, supplies, spare parts necessary, etc., have been discussed comprehensively. : If you buy or intend to become a motorist, or are in any way interested in the modern gasoline automobile, this is a book you cannot afford to be without. Not too Technical for the Layman—Not too Elementary for the More Expert Send prepaid to any address on receipt of price A special eight page circular describing this book sent free on request MUNN & COMPANY, Inc. 361 Broadway, New York, N. Y. me ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 191 Poultry, Pet and Live Stork Bireriory Bob White Quail Partridges and Pheasants| Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deer, etc., . Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl, Swans, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes, Squirrels, for stocking purposes. Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of birds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist Dept. C G. D. TILLEY Naturalist Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Ducks and Geese, Flamingoes, Game and Cage Birds. **Everything in the bird line froma Canary to an Ostrich’’ I am the oldest established and largest exclusive dealer in land and water birds in America and have on hand the most extensive Stock in the United States. G. D. TILLEY Box A, Darien, Conn. Soldering and Brazing for nearly all metals, including such difficult ones as cast iron and aluminium, have been the subjects of hundreds of paragraphs in the Scientific American Supplement We quote a few of the more important articles, as follows: 1673—Full Instructions for Mending or Welding Cast Iron, gives both brazing solders and fluxes neces- sary. 1713—Brazing Cast Iron and Other Metals, gives demiled instructions for the whole operation, and for- mulas 1040— Aluminium Solders, gives several formulas in use when aluminium was almost a new thing in the arts. 1644—Soldering and Soldering Processes, gives broad general information, and contains in particular, a method for pulverizing solders and alloys of great use. 1667—Some Soldering Appliances, describes the blow-pipe and the furnace in their various forms, 1481—Soldering of Metals and Preparation of Solders gives many formulas for soft,and hard solders and fluxes. 1610, 1622, 1628 contain a series of three articles on solders, covering the entire range of solders for all metals, No. 628 contains formulas and instructioas for soldering aluminium. Each number of the Supplement costs 10 cents. A set of papers containing all the articles here mentioned will be mailed for 90c Send for a copy of the 1910 Supple- ment Catalogue, free to any address Order from your news- dealer or the publishers MUNN & CO., Inc. 361 Broadway New York City YARDLEY. PA. minimize the danger of the hens acquiring the egg-eating habit, but this trouble usually results from eggs being accidentally broken. Light, open-front nests may be suspended from hooks, so that they may easily be re- moved and disinfected. One successful poultryman uses a nest large enough to ac- commodate several hens at the same time. It is covered with a slanting board and en- tered at the end, and it gives full satisfac- tion, The nesting material ought to be sweet and soft. Fine hay is excellent. Eggs quickly absorb the order of musty nesting material and are easily soiled when first laid, being covered with a wet, sticky sub- stance. They may be washed, of course, but that impairs their weeping qualities. In order to help keep the nests free from vermin, it is well to put a handful of lime under the nesting material, but they should be periodically cleaned with kerosene or painted with a prepared lice paint. Hens will not thrive in a vermin-infested house and the presence of these pests robs the amateur of his enthusiasm for poultry keeping. A POULTRY RUN T is encouraging,’ writes a reader of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, “to one who is interested in poultry to come across an amateur who is practical in his methods, keeping records to prove his failures and his successes. He can prove his statements and that is more than some writers on poultry topics can do. An amateur poultry raiser in Rutherford, New Jersey, has solved one problem to his own satisfaction and that is: The best kind of a “run” to induce exercise and egg-yield. He was not satisfied with re- sults from a “run” ten feet wide and fif- teen feet long, from a house ten by thir- teen. The family of twenty-five Buff Orpingtons, were not as active as their owner thought they should be; they were inclined to squat in corners and along the sides, and being able to see all that was going on their curiosity did not keep them moving. The chicken house is built on the Wood plan, and two years ago the owner tried the experiment of divid- ing house, run and family. This made the “run” five feet wide and fifteen feet long. The results were what he expected they would be. The hens were on the move all the time; the small families were happier and the egg-yield went up. The hens under this arrangement went up to a net profit per hen of $2 .72. The amateur poultry raiser’s home occupies only a city lot and a larger run is not possible, but if he could he would make the run twenty or twenty-five feet long, and he will al- ways keep his families small, in spite of the extra work and expense it entails.” WHY THEY LEAVE SCHOOL HE majority of public-school children leave school at the age of fourteen, or as soon as the law no longer compels their attendance, says Leslic’s Weekly. Eco- nomic pressure, it has generally been sup- posed, is largely responsible for this drop- ping off; but if our largest city is at all | typical of the rest of the country, only about 20 per cent. leave school because their families actually need the little in- crease they could make in the weekly in- come. The Vocational Guidance Con- ference of New York found also in its investigations that another 20 per cent. “abandoned their studies because their parents took it for granted school was a Send at once for our Booklet No. 3 on Bay State Brick and Cement | Coating protection. Wadsworth, Howland & Co. INC. 82-84 Washington St., Boston, Mass. New York Office: 156 Fifth Avenue He fat to The r ‘eu Pumps xnos CYLINDERS, ETC. Hay Unloading Tools Barn Door Hangers Write for Circulars and Prices F.E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O. Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works DANYSZ VIRUS isa RA I Bacteriological Preparation AND NOT A POISON—Harmless to Animals other than mouse= like rodents. Rodents die in the open, For a small house, 1 tube, 7S5e; ordinary dwelling, 3 tubes, $1.75; larger place—for each $,000 aq. ft. floor space, use 1 dozen, $6.00. Send now. Independent Chemical Company 72 Front Street, New York KILLED BY SCIENCE Berkey & Gay Furniture Co. will send’ you on receipt of 15-2 cent stamps a COPY of “Character in Furniture” a de luxe book of romance and history of period ‘urniture. Tilustrated by Rene Vincent. Their address is : 4 178 Canal Street Grand Rapids, Mich. FURNITURE Your floors PROGEC and floor coverings from injury. Also beautify your furniture by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in place of casters. Made in 110 styles and sizes. If your dealer will not supply you Write us—Onward Mfg. Co., Menasha, Wisconsin, U, S, A, Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont. eli COOK THE COOK “ECONOMY” GAS For Cooking, Water Heating and Laundry Work also for Lighting “‘I¢ makes the house a home”’ Send stamp today for ‘‘Economy Way” Economy Gas MachineCo. ROCHESTER, N. Y. ““ Economy * Gas 1s auumatic, Sanitary and NotePolsonoue Commonwealth Hotel Opposite State House, Boston, Mass. STORER F. CRAFTS, General Manager offers rooms with hot and cold water for $1.00 per day and up, which includes free use of Public shower baths. Nothing to equal this in New England. Rooms with private baths for $1.50 per day and up, suites of two rooms and bath for $4.00 per day and up. Dining rooms and cafe first class. European plan. ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF Strictly A Temperance Hotel Send for Booklet COMMONWEALTH HOTEL, Inc. January, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iii Berry-Growing is a Hobby That Will “Pay Its Keep” When the desire for change and relaxation comes over you, turn it into the berry-growing ehannel. It will cost you little if you go about it right; you can make it pay a handsome profit, even in a very small space. And a berry-garden is the best garden of all, small or large. Get the 1913 Berrydale Berry Book Tt will be your inspiration, and will tell you how to proceed. It is the best Berry Book published in America. Describes Macatawa, the splendid new hardy Blackberry with the largest berries known; Giant Himalaya Berry, and dozens of others. Full of pictures, ideas, facts and in- formation—and free. Iam a Berry Specialist—and would like to be your friend. Write a postal today for my book. A. MITTING, Berry Specialist Berrydale Experiment Gardens American Ave., Holland, Mich. m “N f. 7 y S'SPECIAL -CATALOGUE.OR.— ‘. _ ‘(DAHLIAS describing nearlys500 of the.ver ‘ ’ My book on Hardy plants tells you when to Ree nt oe Eads dat | think sve het vo. H d sults. If you are interested | will send you a aray ee copy. Pl t BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries ANCES 643E Penn Street Reading, Pa. = = Barrel gayi Wag iN pS Ve ZG Id fertilizing. Write for interesting booklet and prices THE PULVERIZED MANURECO., 21 Jnion Stock Yards, Chicago Shrubs, etc., by | mail, postpaid. Safe arrival and satisfac- tion guaranteed. 59 Bi years of fair dealing. Hundreds of carloads of Fruit and Ornamental Trees. 1,200 acres, 60 in _hardyroses—none better grown. 47 greenhouses of Palms, Ferns, Begonias, Gerani- ums, etc. Immense stock of Superb Cannas, the queen of tedding plants. Large assortment ofhardy Perennial Plants, which last for years. 164-page Catalog FREE. Send for it Today. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO.,Box7, Painesville, Ohio place to be escaped from as soon as pos- sible, and the rest stopped either because they loved school less or work more.” The report bears out the opinion that children in America are permitted to do just about as they please, even in such serious matters as their education. Illiteracy is on the de- crease, but the thirst for knowledge is not so keen as it should be. If parents them- selves had greater love for education, they might be able to inspire their children with a desire to continue school life beyond the grammar-school period. IMAGINARY VIRTUES OF THE BEZOAR N accordance with the ancient idea of | ascribing to everything of mysterious or obscure origin, . occult, often marvelous properties, the bezoar, not infrequently found in the stomachs of herbivorous and ruminant quadrupeds, goats and. antelopes particularly, has been credited with qualities that imparted to it a great value among credulous and semi-civilized peoples, espe- cially in ancient times. Having as a rule, for its nucleus, some indigestible substance, taken into the stomach with the food, as a measure of protection and to render it harmless, it was gradually coated with a concretion of mineral substance, just as the oyster, coat- ing an intrusive particle with nacreous mat- ter produces the much admired and costly pearl. Sometimes the coating consists of superphosphate of lime and sometimes of phosphate of ammonia or magnesia. In many instances, the hair carried into the stomach in the course of the licking process by means of which these animals cleanse their coat, would be incorporated with the mineral deposit and felted into a mass of great solidity, the bulk being at the same time greatly increased, so that these accumulations often reached a diameter of several inches. ered beeves such masses are very common. These, however, were not the bezoars that were esteemed for their remedial or protective properties: The latter were compact concretions of mineral matter sometimes radial in structure, sometimes composed of concentric layers and of stone- like hardness. They are classed as Oc- cidental, Oriental and German. It was in the Orient—the land of mystery—that the bezoar enjoyed the widest esteem for its supposed medicinal virtues. The possession of such a concretion was believed to insure the protection of the owner against various diseases, they were also regarded as espe- cially efficacious as an antidote to poisons and even against the bites of the venomous reptiles with which tropical Asia abounds. While these virtues must be regarded in the light of modern science as of course en- tirely imaginary, the ownership of such a protection may have proved, to some extent, an involuntary and hypnotic aid to the suf- ferer. As a consequence, considerable value was often attached to notably fine specimens of bezoars. In India, especially, their value increased enormously in pro- portion to their size and choice specimens commanded very large prices. They were mounted, according to their dimensions, for display or for suspension from the person, special care being taken to leave the bezoar substance plainly visible. In many instances, as certain interesting gold-mounted specimens preserved in the Court Museum at Vienna demonstrate, they were, even in Europe, thought worthy of being inclosed in the most costly and artistic settings, by which, of course, their value was enhanced to a corresponding extent. In the stomachs of slaught- ' Nursery Stock in America World renowned _ Fruit Trees, Vines and Plants and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Evergreens, Flow- ers, Rosesand Hardy Plants. All perfectthroughscientific © propagation and expert cul- ture. Superb collections adapted to large or small gar- dens, private estates, public parks and cemeteries. ai LLWANGER' @ BARR 73 years of leadership, based on absolute integrity. A world-wide patronage. Every specimen is true to species, is well rooted and / sturdily developed, andis packed and shipped with utmost care. , Both large and small orders receive close attention, and our reputation as- sures your satisfaction. Goods safely delivered in all parts of the world. ELLWANGER & BARRY Mount Hope Nurseries Box 23A, Rochester, N. Y. AN INVALUABLE FREE BOOK Write for a copy of our 73rd Annual Catalogue. It isa standard guide in all matters per- taining to lawn and gardendec- oration. ITIS FREE. Just mail us a i postal, andwe will send you “ j/ acopy at once. Details of Building Construction A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introductory text By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University This book is 10x!2% inches in size, and substantially bound in cloth. Price $2 MUNN & CO., Inc., 361 Broadway, N.Y. BILTMORE NURSERY Ornamental Shrubs, Hardy Plants, Deciduous and Evergreen rees. Interesting, helpful, informing catalogs sent upon request. Box 1434 Biltmore, N. C. SUN A Beautiful, Illustrated Book- let, “WHERE SUN DIALS DIAL ARE MADE,” sent upon request. Estimates furnished. Ask for Booklet No. 5 Any Latitude E.B. MEYROWITZ, 237 Fifth Ave., New York St. Paul, Branches: New York, Minneapolis, London, Paris AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1913 THE BEAUTY OF SNOW - LADEN EVERGREENS TTCHESE wintry days when other vegetation has cast f° aside its graceful-draperies, the Conifers in their uni- i 32° forms of beautiful green, stand vigilant, watchful, | guarding for us pleasant memories of summers past, the pledge of bright days to come again. Evergreens, beauti- ful at all times, seem loveliest in the winter sunlight, covered ¥ with a mantle of snow, radiant with icy crystals. If you would enjoy the beauty of Evergreens, now is the time to inspect your grounds and order for spring planting, Surely you will find room for a few Evergreens or other ornamental trees or plants. In making your selection, remember that our 800 acres in nurseries enable us to meet your requirements to the fullest extent. 59 years of specializing on all that pertains to Horticulture accounts for our pre-eminence in this field. Our Land- scape Department is well equipped for efficient service to customers. Water-color sketches, planting plans and full estimates furnished. Correspondence or personal interviews solicited. Don't put this matter off until the rush of spring is upon us. Full information furnished as to the best plans for commercial orchards, and the best fruits of all kinds for the home garden. Cata- ogue or handbook of varieties, and instructions for planting, pruning and after-management on request. HOOPES BROS. & THOMAS COMPANY Dept. A, West Chester, Pa. Philadelphia Office, Room 202, Stephen Girard Building Landscape Gardening Everyone interested in suburban and country life should know about the home study courses in Horticulture, Floriculture, Landscape Gardening, etc., which we offer under Prof. Craig and others of the Department of Horticulture of Cornell University, Prof. Craig 250-page Catalogue Free Write to-day THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. A. H. Springfield, Mass. ~} Beautify your home. Plant Hill Evergreens. | We are evergreen specialists, not only in grow- | ing butin planting artistic effects, Prices low- | est—quality considered. Don’t risk failure— Get Hill’s Free Evergreen Book. Write today. oD Expert advice FREE! Rasy D. Hill Nursery Co.Inc., Evergreen Specialists 261 Cedar Street, Dundee, Ill. The Stephenson System of Underground Refuse Disposal ; Saves the battering of your cans and scattering of garbage from pounding out frozen contents. "ee aac (Jnderground Yeadon waar Garbage and Refuse Receivers A fireproof and sanitary disposal of ashes and refuse in front of your heater. - Our Underground Earth Closet means freedom from frozen cesspool con- nections, a necessity without sewers. Nine years on the market. It pays to look us up. Sold direct. Send for circular C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr. f 21 Farrar St, Lynn, Mass. # tae RUSSIAN GOLD-LEAF INDUSTRY HE center of the gold-leaf industry in Russia is at Moscow, although the leaf is also produced at St. Petersburg and in the Province of Kaluga. The annual out- put of this industry in Moscow, where there are five large establishments and a number of smaller ones, is said to reach a value of $500,000. According to information given the United States Consulate General by local manufacturers there are about 1,000 employees in the Moscow factories— 600 adult males, 300 boys and 100 females. The wages range from $20 to $25 per month for adult males, $5 to $10 for boys, and $8 to $15 for females. The booklets used are generally four by eight inches and contain sixty leaves of gold. The booklets and the gold are imported principally from Germany, although some are manufactured here. The molds are of three sizes, 14, 15% and 17 centimeters (5.51, 6.10 and 6.69 inches, respectively). The prices of the gold booklets vary from $1 to $3, depend- ing entirely upon the amount of gold in the leaf. The methods used for preparing the gold are the Russian and the German. By the Russian method the gold is worked into rather thin ribbons, which are cut into pieces and placed between sheets of specially prepared skins (the sheating of cattle livers). The sheets (called molds) are placed together into book shape, 240 in a book, and several pieces of gold are laid in the center of every other sheet. The book is then inserted into a closely fitting leather case, which is placed upon a granite block and hammered. Under the blows of a hammer weighing two to five pounds the gold expands until it occupies the entire surface of the skin (mold). If it be de- sired to make the leaves thinner, they are cut in two, and the half leaves are again placed between the sheets of prepared skin and hammered until they attain the full size of the skin. This process can be re- peated twice. The skins are dried, and stained with certain coloring matter. The gold used in the Russian process is com- paratively pure, and the molds are of domestic manufacture, INSECT METAL BORERS CCORDING to a writer in Zur Guten A Stunde, the following account is given of an insect that can bore through metal. ‘Any one can hear it buzzing in the pine woods in mid-Summer, or perhaps see the flash of its yellow wings. Sirex gigas is its formidable scientific name, but we know it simply as the horntailed wasp. This wasp bores into the tree in various places with its long tail, and in each hole leaves an egg. The ensuing larva, a white, six-legged grub, fitted with powerful jaws, takes up the work of boring into the wood, and as it advances closes the passage behind it with the sawdust. If uninterrupted, the larva continues boring deeper and deeper into the tree, and since it is of course growing all the time, it makes a bigger and bigger passage. After about two years, it makes its cocoon of silk in the burrow; then, after the pupal skin is cast off, the winged insect breaks through its cocoon. Immediately, with feverish haste, it begins boring toward liberty. Finally it reaches the bark of the tree, and then the open air. It is often the case that during the hard larval period the tree in which the horn- tailed wasp is burrowing may be felled, sawed into planks and used in building operations. Sometimes, for some particular purpose, the timber may be encased in a WRITE FOR IT J. M. HANSON’S Magazine Agency the largest in the world, furnishes all Magazines and Newspapers. Amazingly Low Prices, and quick, accurate, and reliable service. Save Magazine Money Our 1913 Catalog (44 pages) lists more than 3000 Periodicals and Club Offers. It’s a BIG MONEY-SAVER, and is FREE to you for the asking. = Send Us Your N oO W Name and Address J.M. HANSON’S MAGAZINE AGENCY 229 . Hanson Block, Lexington, Ky. USE a Wilson’s Outside Venetians Blind and Awning combined, for windows, porches and piazzas. Artistic, durable, unique. Send for Venetian Catalogue No.5 Jas. G. Wilson Mfg. Co., 5 West 29th Street, New York WE wish to call attention tothe fact that 4 we are in a position to render com- petent services in every branch of patent or trade-mark work. Our staff is composed of mechanical, electrical and chemical experts, thoroughly trained to pre- pare and prosecute all patent applications, irrespective of the complex nature of the subject matter involved, or of the specialized, technical, or scientific knowledge required therefor. We are prepared to render opinions as to validity or infringement of patents, or with regard to conflicts arising in trade- mark and unfair competition matters. We also have associates throughout the world, who assist in the prosecution of patent and trade-mark applications filed in all countries foreign to the United States. MUNN & CO., Patent Attorneys, 361 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Branch Office: 625 F Street, N. W. B Washington, D. C. January, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v metal sheathing. That does not disturb the wasp at all; when its time comes, it applies itseli with energy to its task, and soon bores a hole through which it can escape. Holes made by these insects have been found in tin roofs, and in the mint at Vienna was a safe, the half-inch steel plates of which the wasp had perforated. Some extraordinary cases of their activity were brought to the notice of the Academy of Sciences in Paris. A barrel of cartridges that had been stored away for some time showed the ravages of the wasps in their search for light and freedom. The insects had not only eaten their way through the wooden barrel, but through the cartridges and leaden bullets as well. Other boxes of cartridges dating from the Crimean War were shown, riddled by wasp-borings. INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMS CONGRESS HE French Government has decided to convene an International Customs Con- gress, to be held in Paris during the month of May, 1913. This congress, which may be regarded as a continuation of the cus- toms congress held in Paris during the Ex- position of 1900, is to be more limited, but also more defin‘te, in scope than the con- gress of 1900. Discussion is to be con- fined to the following five questions: (1) The desirability of establishing an Inter- national Bureau of Commercial Statistics ; (2) regulations for commercial travelers and the treatment of samples; (3) means for dispensing with payment of duty in the case of conditional imports; (4) the desir- ability of having customs litigation referred | to expert bodies, and the character of such bodies; and (5) the advisability of con- cluding an international agreement for the purpose of adopting a uniform definition of gross and net weights for assessing duty. THOSE WHO DO NOT THINK HE Eskimo, says Mr. Knud Rasmus- sen in “The People of the Polar North,” does not count the days, and keeps no record of time. All his thoughts are cen- tered on hunting. Once I asked an Eskimo who seemed to be plunged in reflection, “What are you thinking about ?” He laughed at my question, and said, “Oh, it is only you white men who go in so much for thinking! Up here we only think of our flesh-pits, and whether we have enough for the long dark of the Win- ter. If we have meat enough then there is no need to think. I have meat and to spare!” I saw that I had insulted him by credit- ing him with thought. On another occasion I asked an unusually intelligent Eskimo, Panigpak, who had taken part in Peary’s last north polar ex- pedition : “Teil me, what did you suppose was the object of all your exertions? What did you think when you saw the land disap- pear behind you and you found yourself out on the drifting ice-floes?” “Think?” said Panigpak, astonished. “I did not need to think. Peary did that!” Eating becomes the great thing with the Eskimos. JI once excused myself, when paying a visit, with the plea that I had already eaten and had had enough. I was laughed at, and the answer I received was: “There thou talkest like a dog! Dogs can be stuffed till they are satisfied and can eat no more; but people—people can always eat !” EVERYTHING for the GARDEN is the title of our 1913 catalogue—the most beautiful and complete horticultural publication of the day—really a book of 204 pages, 8 colored plates and over 800 photo engrav- ings, showing actual results without exaggeration. It'is a mine of information of everything in Gardening, either for pleasure or profit, and embodies the results of over sixty-six years of Practical experience. To give this catalogue the largest possible distribution we make the following liberal offer: Every Empty Envelope Counts as Cash To every one who will state where this advertisement was seen and who encloses Ten Cents we will mail the catalogue and also send Free of Charge )Our Famous 50 Cent ‘“‘HENDERSON’”’ COLLECTION OF SEEDS containing one packet each of Ponderosa Tomato, Big Boston Lettuce, Scarlet Globe Radish, Henderson’s Invincible Asters, Mammoth Butterfly Pansies and Giant Spencer Sweet Peas, in a coupon envelope, which when emptied and returned will be accepted as a 25 cent cash Payment on any order amounting to $1.00 and upward. _. In addition, all ordering from this advertisement will receive a copy of. our new Garden Guide and Record. This is a handbook of general garden information, planting tables, cook- ing recipes, cultural directions- etc., and in all is one of the most necessary and valuable of our many publications. 35837 CORTLANDT ST. NEW YORK CITY A BOOK FOR FRUIT GROWERS Beautiful trees and perfect fruit are a source of satisfaction and profit to the owner, and whether you have a few trees, or several hundred, they should receive intelligent attention. “The WHY and HOW of ORCHARD SUCCESS” is a beautiful new book full of valuable information. It will be of great help to you. Send for it today. Only 50 cents postpaid. Our big Catalogue of Spraying Machinery is FREE upon request. FIELD FORCE PUMP COMPANY 103 Grand Avenue, Elmira, N. Y. If you would Build Beautifully Get These Books First One good new idea, while you are planning your home, is worth the price of many books. Circular FREE Two Magnificent Books on Home Building Modern Dwellings—9x12 in. 200 Illus. BOTH ($3,500 to $50,000) with Plans . $1.50 BOOKS American Homes—150 Illustrations 2 00 ($2,500 to $10,000) with Plans . $1.00 ° These books contain a profusion of the latest ideas in Georgian, Colonial, English, Bungalow, &c. For those who are Planning to Build GEO. F. BARBER & CO., Architects, Knoxville, Tenn. Plant for Immediate Effect Not for Future Generations Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes many years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer. We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give an immediate effect. Price List gives complete information. ANDORRA NURSERIES & pGHEStNur Hit N PHILADELPHIA, PA. WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor Not an inch from zero but growing finely Between the two layers of glass in the Sunlight Double Glass Sash is an air space of 5% of an inch in thickness Sunlight Sash is complete in itself. It needs no mats or boards. The only cover is the air sealed between the layers of glass and this does not have to be bought, or to be lifted on or off. It weighs nothing and cannot even be seen; but a raging for Hot-beds and Cold-frames This is the secret of the complete success of that sash everywhere for hot-beds and cold-frames. Above the glass winter weather—zero, perhaps— Below the glass a little spot of summer. With warm earth and plants growing as though it were May; violets to pluck throughout the Winter; panzies in bloom by late February; radishes and lettuce in constant supply for the table; cabbage, beet, tomato, pepper, melon and other plants, properly timed, ready in the Spring to go out of doors and make early crops. You can have a bed like this at little cost, for the Sunlight Double Glass Sash Co., 943 E. Broadway, Louisville, Ky. blizzard cannot penetrate it. Let us tell youall about the Sunlight Sash—how yeu can make Winter gardening a source of healthful, profit- able pleasure to you. Write at once for our catalog. It is free. Enclose 4c. if you want Prof. Mas- sey’s booklet on hot-beds and cold-frames. 7" vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1913 fa . pee seem | BUSHMEN’S DRAWINGS IN SOUTH be = se « Sal AFRICA ; ee | HE Bushmen’s drawings, still to be 4 ” a z met with in certain parts of South a! : : . Africa, remain a subject of difference of ci . * | opinion amongst artists and antiquarians, . = made ) [says the London Architect. The majority of the designs represent animals, with which these people were at this time ac- quainted, but domestic animals, of which they knew nothing, are not to be found. The figures were cut into the rock and vary considerably in merit. Some are so crude that it is impossible to tell the nature of the animal they represent. One favorite subject is a lion being stalked by Bush- men, bow and arrows in hand. The Bush- men themselves had no dwellings, but it is plain that they were more or less ac- quainted with the Kaffirs (though the latter killed them at sight), as representa- tions of Kaffr huts are plentiful. Many of these drawings have been colored over and photographed, and a selection, so ob- tained, is on view in the Cape Town See | Museum. The opin‘on is held by some that bl ‘| the caves in which these drawings appear were the homes of chiefs who had the walls so decorated. Others hold the view that these caves were meeting places, or places Seven Million Watch-Towers ; 7 | in the Bell System the Bushmen wees one of eee ; who possessed no form of religion what- The original campanili were the essential to national safety, con- | ever, and these theories cannot, of course, : a : agree. The writer has seen several of these watch-towers of old Venice, guard venience and progress. caves, and has questioned the (nee ama ing the little republic from invasion The Bell System binds together Kaffirs on the subject, who, however, have ; no knowledge of the matter, but content a nation of nearly one hundred | themselves with saying that the pictures are Later, bells were mounted in million people, by “highways of | the work of the “man monkeys’ who were 2 ; ” : : here very many years ago. Many sugges- these same towers to Be Warne speech extending into every nook tions have been made as to the implements by hostile fleets. of attack and celebrate victories. and corner of this great country. used for the carvings, which must have lech hy been sharp and well tempered to have cut Judged by modern te epnhone Seven million Bell telephone sufficiently deep into the rock to have with- standards, such a system of com- stations are the watch-towers | stood the ravages of all these years. The a ade ine : : : figures of Bushmen engaged’ in hunting munication seems crude and in which exchange, daily, twenty-five ostriches are also often to be found, and adequate. million messages for the happiness, from es it is plain that the We ae is eater: : : ostrich were the two species of animal life In the civilization of to-day, a prosperity and progress of all the with which they were aEei aaa more perfect intercommunication is people. : CHINESE MELON SEEDS AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY aE melon Citrullus vulgaris is a well-known and _ widely cultivated AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES ; garden product both in South China One Policy One System Universal Service | and the north as well, the best quality coming from Newchwang. It is grown almost entirely for the seeds which are to be found on almost every Chinese table. The black quality is raised mostly in the north of China and as a gen- eral rule is not found in any great quan- tities in the markets of Hongkong. The melons themselves are not used to a great extent for food and not at all for medicinal purposes and must not be confounded with the American variety of the watermelon. The latter is grown to a'limited extent at Castle Peak, near Hongkong, from Ameri- can seeds, There are two kinds of these melon A TRADE MARK is a most valuable business asset. It will pay you to seeds which find ready acceptance among Trade Marks -——— Trade Names Do you use a Trade Mark ? Do you own the Trade Marks you use ? You should read this booklet to obtain a definite and clear conception of Trade Mark rights know how such marks are made valuable, and why and how they are the Chinese, namely, red and black. The protected. ‘The registration of trade marks is explained in this booklet, red are deemed the best and bring, ac- which gives a thoroughly comprehensive idea of the requirements for registration. cording to grade, $8 to $15: per picul of The elements of a good trade mark are fully discussed, and many tests to in the same Way fom a determine the requisites of a desirable trade mark are given. gold currency. In 1910, the value of these The booklet is printed in two colors seeds exported amounted to $297,914, and and is illustrated by fifty engravings last year the value was $249,498, gold cur- s rency. It is impossible to state the pro- Send twenty-five cents today for a copy portion going to the United States, but it is undoubtedly considerable, as the Chinese MUNN & COMPANY, :: Solicitors of Patents are very partial to this product and do not Branch Office, Washington, D. C. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK {| consider dinners, festivals, or other cere- monies complete without a liberal supply. January, 1913 a4 = Ly» SIN poeeeerneerrssrs ea as Tk —— AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS FOR FEBRUARY, 1913 HE readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS have expressed so much interest in the many articles on old furniture, ceramics, old silverware and other subjects dear to the heart of the collector, which have appeared in its pages, will welcome the announcement that a greater amount of space is to be given to material of interest to the collector in the future issues of the magazine than heretofore. A regular department for the collector will be one of the features of AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS hereafter. Collectors and others interested in antiques, old prints, auto- graphs, in fact in any field having to do with the embellis- ment of the home, are invited to address the editor in any matters connected with collecting on which they wish in- formation. These will gladly be furnished if stamps are enclosed for postage on replies. HE February number of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS will describe the home of an American col- lector of note and will be illustrated by beautiful photo- graphic reproductions of various sections of the collection. Miss Mary H. Northend will contribute an article on a remodelled Massachusetts farmhouse illustrated with photo- graphs of the interior. The rooms of this house are furnished throughout with old Colonial pieces. A Detroit house, in the middle West, will comprise a page feature illustrated by exterior and floor plans. Bird lovers will welcome the illustrated article on birds and bird-houses, and those readers who live by the seashore will find a special interest in an article on a very beautiful house, a seashore home near Stamford, Connecticut. The double page feature will consist of photographic reproductions of well-placed windows. ‘Fox Hill Farmhouse at Radnor” is the subject of an article by Harold Donaldson Eberlein, describing and illustrating with photographs and plans one of the most attractive stone houses in Pennsylvania. ‘The House Telephone” will call attention to the desirability of this modern device for furnishing communication between the various floors of the house. The garden feature of the February number will be an article on “‘Starting Plants In- doors,” by F. F. Rockwell. Many other good ‘things are included in this number. APROPOS THE PARCELS POST HORTLY after this issue of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS reaches its readers, the Parcels Post of the United States will have been inaugurated and the country at large will be given an opportunity to test its efficiency. At present the announcements concerning rates and zones are somewhat formidable to the ears of the layman, although the Post Office Department insists it is a simple matter after all. Several newspapers have expended much energy in in- terpreting the matter, but it will probably be some time before the public familiarizes itself sufficiently with the scale of postal charges to feel quite at home in zonal conversation on the subject. One thing, however, is obvious enough, and that is that a very large sum of money is to be expended for the bills incident to engraving, printing and handling the special Parcels Post stamps which will be placed on sale AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vil ZN) oad January 1, 1913, and which the Department requires shall be purchased for franking parcels sent through the mails. It may happen that postal conventions between countries require the use of distinctive stamps for parcels, but instead of following the example of Belgium, with its placard-like Parcels Post stamps, it would seem that our regular postal issues might better be surcharged for parcels use as was done for regular postage, in the case of the United States stamps used in Guam, Cuba, and in the Philippines, and as in the case of the Government Parcels surcharge on the stamps of Great Britain some years ago. The Parcels Post system will now enable the suburban or rural dweller to ship garden and other agricultural products to and fro at a transportation cost that is neither prohibitive nor op- pressive. Even the city garden-maker will now be able to obtain from rural nurseries and seedsmen garden seedlings, etc., without the accessory of an excessive carriage cost. Thus encouragement will be given to the garden movement in both town and country. RIGHT THINKING FOR BOYS s¢ R. HELEN C. PUTNAM of Providence, R. I., a director of the American Association for Study and Prevention of Infant Mortality, and chairman of its com- mittee on public-school education for prevention of infant mortality, is one of those who are attempting to solve the problem of the education of children with regard to the laws of physical life,” says the New York Evening Post. “Children, she thinks, must be led to feel, as uncon- sciously as they realize sunrisings and sunsettings, that life is a trust from fathers and mothers beginning before his- tory; to be guarded and bettered and passed along to chil- dren’s children. A definite conception of this trust is essential to right living. Educators are finding that well- directed correlation of human life with phenomena and — laws of growing plants and animals, in school gardens and nature studies, develops a wholesome mental attitude. She emphasizes some of the urgent reasons for educating adoles- cent boys and young men in eugenics and details of home sanitation and beautifying. She points out that we have trade and industrial schools for boys; but fatherhood is much more than earning money for the family. If babies were well born and well cared for, their death rate would be almost negligible. No farmer could succeed whose live stock perished uselessly at the rate of American babies. The infant death rate measures the intelligence, health, and right living of fathers and mothers, the standards of morals, and sanitation of communities and governments, and the efficiency of physicians, nurses, health officers, and educators.” RURAL SCHOOLS LTHOUGH the rural school is often the target of A criticism and the object of reform movements, it is not without its defenders, says the Youth’s Companion. The Secretary of the United States Civil Service Commission at Chicago says that of the many candidates who come before the board, those from the country schools are successful in a much larger proportion than those from the city schools. Viil AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1913 MODEL EE TOURING CAR| A DINING-ROOM COLOR SCHEME 8-Passenger—110-inch Wheelbase $900 f.0.b. Detroit R-C-H Corporation, Detroit, Mich. See it at local branch in all large cities SILENT WAVERLEY LIMOUSINE.-FIVE Ample room for five adults—full view ahead for the driver. Most con- venient and luxurious of town and suburban cars at half the gas car's upkeep cost. Beautiful art catalog shows all models THE WAVERLEY COMPANY Factory and Home Office: 212 South East Street Indianapolis, Ind. Made to order—to exactly match the color scheme of any room “You select the color—we'll make Any width—seamless up Any length. Any color the rug. to 16 feet. tone—soft and subdued, or bright and striking. Original, individual, artistic, dignified. Pure wool or camel's hair, expertly woven at m short notice. Write for color card. ™ Order through your furnisher. Thread & Thrum Workshop Auburn, New York SH AIR AND PROTECTION! Ventilate your rooms, yet have your windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-pgage Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES CO. @eck Manuracturera ... NEW HAVEN, CONN. Trial Four Months, over 490 pages. Ten Cents World’s Greatest Collector Magazine FOUNDED IN 1895 Ghe Philatelic West and Collector’s World Superior. Nebraska, U.S.A. The oldest, largest monthly American Collectors’ Paper. 100 pages each issue, replete with interesting reading and advertising, illustrated, pertaining to Stamps, Curios, Coins, Postal Cards and Entire Covers, Old Weapons and Pistols, Histcrical Discoveries, Minerals, Relics of all kinds, Old Books, etc. Over 3,600 pages issued in two years, An unimitated expensive meritorious feature is the publication in each number of illustra- tions of leading collectors and dealers of the world. 50 cents for 12 numbers; Foreign and Canada, $1 or4s. Sample Free L. T. BRODSTONE, Publisher Superior, Nebraska, U.S.A. STANDING SEAM Tk 1) ie 25 alt y CLINCH rightthrough the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless Jlesired. We makea similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PHILADELPHIA PATENTED The Schilling Press Job PRINTERS Fine Book and Catalog Work A Specialty 137-139 E. 25th St.. New York Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xs ILL you kindly suggest a color scheme for my dining-room?” asks a reader. “It faces north, has two windows and is a large room. The woodwork is varnished pine, and matches in color the golden oak furniture. There is a chair rail that must not be removed. The carpet is dark blue and terra cotta.” Your carpet ties you to blue or terra cotta for your color scheme, but as a large mass of terra cotta is not pleasing with varnished pine, it would be best to have a blue, or blue and green scheme. Fortu- nately there are so many beautiful wall- papers in these two colorings especially among the imported ones that there will be little difficulty in choosing something artistic. The wall below the chair rail should have a plain surface burlap, book- cloth, or silk-fiber, stronger in general tone than the figured paper above. A well de- signed paper that will not weary the eye in the blue and soft green may be chosen. A second choice may be considered for the upper walls among the tapestries, many of these have a good deal of wood color that makes them harmonious with golden oak; they also come with touches of terra cotta in the fruit; a tapestry paper is often the most successful choice owing to what is already in the room being a little shabby. The medley of soft neutral shades blends with an old carpet when a most beautiful paper chosen only for its color and design would make the old things look dreary. In your case the tapestry paper must lean to bluish foliage rather than to green. STREET ADVERTISING IN FRANCE WING to the frequency of so-called sandwich men and advertising carts drawn by men in the streets of Lyons, traffic has often become impeded. For the purpose of regulating all perambulating street advertising the mayor of Lyons, France, has just issued, says Mr. Carl Bailey Hurst, American Consul, an order the salient points of which prohibit portable advertisements on days when there is a high wind. Such advertisements may be carried on other days on the condition that they are not more than 1 meter 50 centi- meters (4.92 feet) wide and 1 meter 40 centimeters (4.59 feet) high. Advertisements carried at the top of a pole must not be higher than 1 meter (3.28 feet) above the head of the carrier. Those large enough to require several carriers are forbidden altogether. The sign carriers are forbidden to halt on the streets or to deposit signs thereon, and are required to keep at a distance of 15 meters (49.21 feet) at least from each other. Wagons drawn by horses, motors, and the like will not be allowed in the streets. Signs on wagons drawn or pushed by hand will be allowed, except on days when there is a high wind, provided that wagon and sign together are not more than 2 meters 50 centimeters (8.20 feet) above the ground and that the wagon is not more than 2 meters (6.56 feet) long or 1 meter 50 centi- meters (4.92 feet) wide. There must be an interval of at least 30 meters (98.42 feet) between such wagons when there are several of them. Transparencies, whether carried by person or on wagon will be barred access to the streets. An order of the mayor that went into effect at the beginning of this year prohibit- ing the throwing of handbills on sidewalks and streets has had a highly salutary effect. The main thoroughfares that were formerly littered with advertisements of all descrip- tions handed out to passers-by and which were soon dropped after reading or before, now present an entirely different aspect. Persons still have the right to offer such handbills and passers-by may accept them, but the penalty for dropping such adver- tisements is sufficiently severe to stop the practice effectually. MADE-OVER BEDROOMS FE are remodeling an old and simple farmhouse. The woodwork will all be white paint, the ceilings are low and the windows small although there are at least two to each room. How shall we go about it?” asks a correspondent. There are so many charming wall-papers today for such rooms as you describe that you will have no difficulty in finding a good supply to choose from. Papers that have a quaint appearance, dainty and unobtru- sive should be selected. There are many floral stripes that are admirably suited to farmhouse furnishing, then a plain ground in yellow, rose, or blue gives opportunity for an all over garden effect in the furni- ture covering and hangings. There are sey- eral chintzes with small patterns and yet strong in coloring that lend themselves to a quaint pretty treatment. Small cushions on the larger chairs, curtains of unlined chintz, and perhaps a bedspread would in- troduce enough pattern into a room with a plain wall surface. The cotton woven rugs must not be overlooked when planning for farmhouse furnishing, also the braided rugs that can now be found in the shops, they seem so appropriate for a simple style of treatment. Even the furniture manufac- turers have fallen into line to give us some- thing dainty and inexpensive for there are the sweetest little white painted beds with floral touches that look as if they were made to go with the old-fashioned painted bedroom chair that all who contemplate buying an old farm manage to pick up in out of the way places. An old time spin- ning wheel placed near an open fireplace will add charm to the largest bedroom and even a milking stool with a wee cushion on the top will lend an air of simplicity to the bedrooms. Old mahogany for the best rooms with a four post bed and suit- able hangings should be hunted for, but no one need be discouraged by not possessing the genuine old as several of the old pat- terned bedroom chairs are reproduced to- day as well as beds in single width. Old patchwork quilts are brought from obliy- ion, and also the blue and white woven coverlets are brought into service. A study of old Colonial interiors will give many suggestions to those who wish to furnish simply and yet correctly. 66 A TELEPHONE TIME-SAVER HE Electrical Review describes a new device that will be welcomed by many persons who make frequent use of the tele- phone; it is intended to save the time usually wasted in ‘holding the line.” The apparatus consists of a small trumpet that magnifies sound, and a platform behind the trumpet to hold the telephone receiver. When the ferson at the telephone is asked to “hold the line a moment,” he places the receiver on this platform in such a way that it slides into position with the ear-piece against the small end of the magnifying horn. He can then continue whatever work he was doing until he hears the voice from the horn; after that he can use the telephone in the ordinary way, or, if he wishes to make notes or to take a message ~ from dictation he can carry on the whole conversation by means of the trumpet. CONTENTS FOR JANUARY, 1913 Me er Pa 4) de Lo ; THE SMALL HOoUusE TO BE FURNISHED A PRacricAL TREATMENT OF AN ABANDONED FARMHOUSE Tue Cost oF FURNISHING A SMALL HousE TE [EISTSETHSSS, LEE OTS, Ee ars ety ee ne oe gee By F. F. Rockwell KRISHEIM COTTAGE AT ST. MARTINS By Harold Donaldson Eberlein BALCONIES AS ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES A Lone IsLAND FARMHOUSE By Edward M. Thurston A New Jersey House AND GARDEN By William T. Phillips SAMPLERS OF THE OTHER Days By Elizabeth L. Gebhard By T. C. Turner AROUND THE GARDEN—The New Year HeELps To THE HousewireE—New Year’s Resolutions By Elizabeth Atwood Nests and Perches New Books The Editor’s Notebook Us CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERS. BEACH President M UN N & C O 3S I nc. Secretary and Treasurer Publishers 361 Broadway, New York Published Monthly. Subscription Rates: United States, $3.00 a year; Canada, $3.50 a year. Foreign Countries, $4.00 a year. Single Copies 25 cents. Combined Subscription Rate for “American Homes and Gardens” and the “Scientific American,” $5.00 a year. Copyright 1912 by Munn &Co.,Inc. Registered in United States Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but ‘‘American Homes and Gardens” will not hold itself responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitted by T. C. Turner ing Photograph furnish ing its o TA = ight find in plann WN poe Axe Ea r delight one m is suggests the a — o 4 cS o no 3 ° ao = 3 & n Leal CS) | iS) Ss I & a E oO — iS 3 cs) o Ee AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS By Mary H. Northend ~ Photographs by the Author \ ; & py. . \ i Vans | ae EVER has the abandoned farmhouse been so popular as it is to-day. House-hunters are scouring the country around to find old houses, especially those almost too dilapi- dated for habitation, yet showing good lines that lend themselves readily to remodeling. Many of these which have been abandoned are of historical interest, and but for the present day movement would have been demolished. They are, however, reclaimed in many instances and stand as typical remodeled farmhouses, doubly interesting because of the effect of this new influence, and also because of their historical connections. There is undoubtedly a peculiar fascination connected with the remodeling of an old house. One reason for this lies in the fact that it is always a delight to create new and prac- tical ideas for interior conveniences,—the bringing into harmony of disjointed rooms that show simply four bare < OE SS: ware LAE GB IAD Diet Ei APP I aig ED DE LEED ahh ile A I GLEE Be MOAI NLS LDR The home of Mr. Davenport Brow At Medfield, WMascachiusetis, 4 walls with little or\no ‘sugget@on of charm or unison. A second reason which appeals to the, house-owner is that these old houses were most Substantially built, the huge beams and framework being of the stanchest of timber, while the boards were of that solid wood which is rarely found in the houses of to-day. The more practical or cautious mind will always ques- tion the advisability of purchasing the abandoned farm- house, feeling it is less expensive to erect one that is designed by the modern architect, rather than to spend time and money on an old house. Nevertheless, the good work goes on and the careful planning creates a fascinating interest in the most lukewarm aspirant for successful remodeling. The most gratifying results along this line are shown in Medfield, Massachusetts, where standing at one side of the main road is the interesting house owned by Mr. Davenport Brown, of the reconstruction of which Mr. E. T. Putnam of SORTS Re ae ee ae Ae esi Colonial feranlouee remodeled 4 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 3h i, BN sete ee oe January, 1913 Ea Ne AEE Tie A tS OGD aa Bi pei The parlor and the living-room practically b Boston, was architect. This house was erected in 1755, and was a small and unpretentious cottage containing but four rooms, small unattractive apartments, built for comfort rather than for any homelike or artistic effects. [hey con- sisted of a living-room, kitchen and dining-room combined, with two chambers, in one of which, the first authoress of America was born,—Miss Hannah Adams, a direct descen- dant of the presidential family of that name, who settled in Quincy, Massachusetts. Like many other old farmhouses, this had, after many years of occupancy by members of the original family and eventually of strangers, fallen into decay and stood forlorn and neglected by the side of the road, while the grounds, which were extensive, lay unkempt and uncared for. The entire estate presented an appearance of desolation. How- ever, to the house-hunter with a keen eye for future results, it appealed, and the present owner recognized a unit that could be incorporated in his original ideas of what his future home should be. Gradually the house assumed a different mien under his direction. The four small rooms were utilized in the change and around them were thrown wings containing several larger rooms. Verandas were placed on either side, so care- fully planned that they did not detract from the general scheme. A quaint porch at the front of the house gave shade to the entrance door, and the one touch that made the house complete. The color of the house was red and white, a particular shade that was in harmony with the soft green of the sur- rounding sward. Lattices were added at the rear to screen the servants’ department from view, as one drove into the semi-circular roadway that led to the stable which was built farther down in the field, at one side of the house, and painted in corresponding colors. Window boxes filled with brilliantly colored flowering ecome one by reason of the double-arched connections plants were introduced on the straight roof which formed the top of the porch, and the surrounding land was reclaimed and proved most desirable for garden purposes. A clever eye realized the vantage spots in the grounds and the plant- ing of shrubs and flowers brought forth wonderful results. Naturally the old trees that had stood as sentinels around the place were still retained and cared for rigorously. The great sweeping branches of some of the older trees hung over the remodeled house in a most protecting fashion, and gave all necessary shade. Separating the house from the road was a stretch of grass- land, around which was placed a white fence of palings, with pillars here and there surmounted by balls. This fence stops at either side of the house to allow plenty of clear space and opportunities for planting. Under one of the elms is placed a tablet marking the historical site of the house. On the garden side the wide veranda was enclosed during the Summer season by wire screening, and during the Winter months, glassed-in, heated, and used for a sun-parlor. Passing through the Colonial porch, one enters the hall- way which has been retained in all its old-time architecture. The antiquity of the hall has been further preserved by the use of gray landscape paper which covers the walls, while the old Chippendale card table used for ornamental pur- pose in this hall carry out the scheme for old-fashioned furnishings. This hall, like many of Colonial days, extends through the house, ending in a second door which opens into a flower garden at the rear, from which all flowers for the table and other decorative purposes are cut. At the right of the hall are the living-rooms which have been arranged attractively, and combined by cutting arches on either side of the fire- place. This gives a depth which makes the rooms look large and spacious and in addition allows for air and light. Here the walls are hung in soft brown, the same shade being used January, 1913 for both living-room and library, which is in the rear of the former. Many rare and beautiful Colonial pieces are found in this room, es- pecially the mantel glass over the fireplace. It is a wonder- fully good piece showing the eagle decoration combined with gilt on either side. The furniture, which numbers many heirlooms, shows sev- eral fine old pieces in the way of chairs and tables, includ- ing an old comb-back chair dating back to 1750. There is also a Sheraton easy chair, often known as a Martha Washington, from the fact, that a similar one is to be found at Mount Vernon. In front of the fireplace at one side is a fire screen made of mahogany, used not as in the olden times to shut off dust, but for ornamentation. While the old living-room retains the Colonial air in furnishing, it is partly lost in the library, where only a few pieces of genuinely old furniture are shown. This is a most attractive room, with its built-in bookcases at the farther side, and the deep window-seats which suggest com- fort on a stormy day, with the books near by. The drap- The dining-room contains some rare Colonial treasures A fine seonie of a Colonial clock cen a ‘the mantel shelf BE ‘the dining-room AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 5 eries of artistically colored chintz give the right touch of bright color to the room. Opening from these deep windows is the enclosed ve- randa, overlooking the modern pergola which is a most attractive adjunct. Later, this will be covered with vines and _ flowering plants) Ate the iront are stately columns and between them one looks upon a charming landscape in the distance, combining garden and lawn in the most artistic fashion. This is fitted up for com- fort, with great, roomy lounging chairs and a ham- mock. Many flowering plants add their charm to this particular portion of the house and a countless variety are used in the color schemes which vary from day to day. The dining-room is situated at the left of the hallway and is a large room, lighted from windows at the front and one side. The farther end is finished with a large open fire- place, showing Eighteenth Century andirons. On the mantel, over the fireplace, stands a fine example of a Colonial clock, flanked on either side by unusual candle sticks, which have ‘ a ia ed SG rok TEER LINER RP BIRPUS MR RI EE LEI ST 6 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1913 chimneys such as were used in the early days to protect the flame from wind. Let-in glass closets at either side of the fireplace show a wonderful collection of old china and glass, some of which is very valuable. At one side is a good piece of furniture in the shape of an Empire sideboard over which , is a mantel glass with gilt bead frame of the kind so much in vogue about 1760 to 1800, the straight top indicating that it belonged to the earlier period. Between the windows at the front is hung a Girandole, ornamented with a spread eagle on top. The row of balls in the frame determines the date to be after 1780. This is twenty inches in diameter and shows on either side, branches for candles. An unusual feature is the gilt mount- ing, over the curtains which are held back by gilt brackets. The room is finished in white, which is most attractive. At the rear of the dining-room one finds the service de- partment fitted up with every modern convenience, while at the rear of the hall, at one side, is the den which opens at one side into the hall, and at the other, to the rear of the house with its fine gardens and lawns. ‘There is, about this house, a system of ventilation which allows plenty of win- dows to give draught in even the warmest weather, there be- ing practically no uncomfortable room in the whole house during the Summer season. At the head of the stairs, at the right, one enters the bright and sunny nursery. Here the walls are hung with the most charming paper, representing Mother Goose rhymes, all of which are of intense interest to the little one, who never tires of looking at the scenes pictured on this Each of the principal bedrooms in this attractive house have fireplaces paper, which is relieved by the white paint. There are few pictures, and those shown are all along child-life subjects. A picture rail borders the plain freize and is a convenient place to show toys with which the children cannot play. The room is lighted from two windows, but these are on the sunny side of the house and so the room is filled with sunshine from morning until night, making an ideal place for a child to play and live. The furniture has been chosen to harmonize with the idea for which the room is used. Small tables, just high enough to accommodate a child’s chair, and little armchairs with rush bottoms are used, while the hardwood floors are both sanitary and attractive. The nursery is in the main portion of the house, as are two chambers. One of these is used as a guestroom and contains a Field bedstead of English make, dating about 1780, the lightly-curving bars in place of the heavy tester, and showing twisted posts. The little night table stands by the bed, but here electricity takes the place of candle light, showing an innovation that gives far better lighting service. Over the fireplace, which is a modifitation of the old-time one, is shown a mantel glass with wood and gilt rosettes in the corners, while a second chamber shows modern repro- ductions of four posters, yet much of the furniture is Colon- ial. The swell front bureau has a looking glass over it which is a Georgian piece with the eagle ornamentation. As the eagle came into use about the close of the Revolu- tionary War, it gives a highly distinctive Colonial period mark to the time of this ornamental mirror’s manufacture. One of the bedrooms A child’s bedroom January, 1913 At one win- dow is a large easy chair with Dutch legs, made about Ly Os Janis room, which is not in a way, en- tirely in keeping with the period, still shows no inharmonious note in its fur- nishing. The most interesting room in the old house is the one in which Hannah Adams was born. This is located at one side of the main house in the ell, and is approached by a wide hall which leads to this special apartment. While the fireplace has been remodeled, the interior of the room is much the same as when first built and shows the little old door with its tiny window in the middle panel and hand-hewn rafters, while at the farther end the condition of the walls made it necessary that the owners should plaster and paper them. An old four-poster is in keeping with the antiquity of the room, which is kept only for special guests. It is a ’Showroom,” rather than one arranged for occupancy. In the house proper, great credit should be given to the careful attention paid to details that has been accomplished by the architect, Mr. John Pickering Putnam of Boston, who from a small and inartistic commencement has evolved a large and picturesque whole, while to the owners the har- monious setting serves to show what can be done to make from chaos, a well-laid out and charming estate. Lawns are the prominent features of the grounds. In front of the house great attention has been paid to the First floor plan Ete”, SO EPs CE The swimming pool is at the far end of the large lawn AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 7 planting. The circle of lawn at the front serves to give setting Oo) ioe Wel mee elimise flipine planting of shrubs helps out the shortening in front of the house, while the addition of a white fence is a well-solved problem and gives to the grounds a Colonial atmosphere which goes far toward making a perfect whole. In dealing with the landscape plan, it should be consid- ered that the garden is yet in its infancy. The borders were laid out this year and the vines which have made such good growth and which will eventually cover the fences and posts, were also planted this Spring. They have grown so well that they are now twined half-way up the high posts and give evidence of later on fulfilling the promise expected of them. The garden proper follows the line of the fence and the plants and flowers have made a fine growth, showing that in One season even, a great deal can be accomplished in planting for immediate effect. Later on, herbaceous Per- ennials will take the place of the Annuals. A feature of the grounds at the farther end of the lawn, is a swimming pool which lies between the borders of the flower garden. It is cemented at the sides and bot- tom, and is so arranged that the water is kept in motion through a system of piping, never rising above a certain level, and always fresh. Steps lead down to the pool, while (Continued on page 35) Second floor plan 8 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1913 An attractive small house of this type can be tastefully and comfortably furnished at a moderate cost if judgment is exercised in the selection of its furnishings The Cost of Furnishing a Small House By Ida J. Burgess Photographs by T. C. Turner og| HIE selection of suitable furnishings for a {| small house within a reasonable cost is a problem perennially confronting home- makers. Individual requirements are so varied (as likewise are those of families differing one from the other in size and in tastes), that it would be difficult in any single article on the subject to do more than present, as here, an outline of possibilities that present themselves to the limited purse, possibilities that are still in complete accord with the strict canons of good taste. Sieh it is the empty house which conjures up for one the vision of furnishings to one’s own requirements. The frontis- piece to this number and the exterior photographs here re- produced suggest the delightful aspect the small house may assume, an exterior which leads one to look for the furnish- ings in such a house to be as inviting and satisfactory. Of course there are always the obvious necessities that imme- diately find enumeration. The living-room must have its chairs, its table, its bookcase, rugs for the floor, curtains for the windows and portieres for the doorways. The dining- room must have a The photographs of interiors here re- produced have been taken from the un- furnished rooms of an interesting house whose type may be considered as ex- emplifying the small house of interesting design, and unfur- nished rooms are DINING ROOM E@CEIA table, chairs and a rug certainly, china and glassware as well as a_ serving- table to meet the needs of this room in the routine of daily life, and the kitchen will have to have a _ range, table, chairs and BEDROOM —| | BEDROOM thus shown by rea- son of the fact that Floor plans of the small house illustrated on this page selected as an interesting type of dwelling which can be furnished by a moderate expenditure : working utensils. These last are so greatly dependent January, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 9 upon the individual needs of the house- wife that they will not be included for the consideration in the expense items of this article. It is often a good plan to make a defi- nite selection of the Gags ope athe Woe Ne cA A gate-leg table shown in the closed posi- Sas tion. One of this sort can be had in any furnishings for & finish for about $18.00 house even though it may take some years to complete the selection, buying from time to time such pieces as one needs or can afford, rather than buying at haphazard anything that can be used for the moment with no definite idea of the final decorative scheme. A definite plan is, therefore, thesonly sensible and satis- factory foundation on which to work out the furnishings for the small house. While the furnishings suggested in this article may not suit each and every individual requirement, the writer has attempted to select those furnishings from models obtain- able, which should make the widest appeal in the matter both of good taste and of mode- rate cost. In the choice of furniture that which has good lines as well as strength to endure long service has been given precedence. In the matter of color schemes, those colors which do not obtrude violent tones will be con- sidered as well as the matter of patterns that will still pleasantly stimulate the imagination when age rests upon them. The sensible home-maker will choose enough furniture to give the impression of a well-furnished house, but he will not overcrowd it with any un- es This is the table suggested for the living-room. A table of this sort costs about $44.00 The desk shown above can be small house illustrat- ed, the living-room is found to occupy the long side of the south end of the dwelling, having the windows east and west with French doors open- ing upon the loggia under the overhang This illustration shows the BS Sarancarct a of the upper story. gate-leg table when open. The lamp, com- The importance of plete costs about $12.00 this room in the scheme of the house will, at once, lead us to give to it the key-note for the expression of individual taste in its furnishing, bearing in mind that its seeming proportions call for furniture in accord. No small fussiness or over-orna- mentation must be allowed to spoil the breadth and clear space we would preserve here. The wooden settle by the fireplace shown in the illustration on page rr could be re- placed, with advantage, by one of oak and cane having a high back like all the settles of English ancestry. The chairs should con- form to the sense of comfort suggested by the settle, with an armchair near the fire- place also. The room will require a good- sized library table, a bookcase against the wall space at the left of the window in the south wall, and a writing-desk of good design near the west window, where one may have good light during the day. An electric movable reading lamp may be placed on the desk for evening light. With two low-backed chairs having up- holstered seats, a large, comfortable chair near the library table, the room will be fur- oe 2 necessary unlovely thing. obtained for $62.00, and the nshed, so far as its seating requirements are THE LIVING-ROOM. large three-division bookcase for concerned. We must not forget, however, Studying the plans of the interior of the $60.00 to add a few low cane or rustic-bottomed AOR RE ON RN ARR A \ \ \ SRN RS I \ 1 “i } \ j Two views of the unfurnished living-room from which the stairs ascend 10 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ice SEG eis Sh Sh aR ie oie pane SY A dining-room fable of this ey costs about $40.00. ‘This Kideboard vouldwenrt $60.00, the Reainectable about $26.00. January, 1913 The mirror above the sideboard, shown in the photograph as supported by strips, should hang independently above it stools with cushions, and cushions for the high-backed settle by the fireplace. “These may be covered with silk velour, which in the Summer season will give place to linen cover- ings. The colors chosen for a living-room must not be harsh or too striking, but soft and with a note of quiet warmth and richness (avoiding anything like red walls) which yet may be in accord with simplicity and unpretend- ing elegance in a space so modest. Much richness can be given the walls by the use of Japanese grass- cloth, whose quality is now imitated in wall papers, but not by any means rivaled, since the sheen of the grass used by the Japanese in the manu- facture of the wall-coverings men- tioned is quite unlike any other fabric. Nevertheless the two-toned wall papers made to imitate it are very agreeable to the eye and con- stitute a pleasing substitute where the expense of the Japanese material is greater than one wishes to con- sider. A medium shade of brown stain would be suitable for the woodwork of the first floor of this house. The hardwood floors may co also have a dark, rich stain, with wax finish, though lighter floors would be more in harmony with yellower walls. A large Oriental rug should cover the main portion of the living-room floor, the background of which should have shades of old rose if, as we shall here imagine the case to be, the walls are dull green, light in shade, or dull blue and One of the bedrooms Dining-room chairs in this style may be had for $10.00, the arm-chair here illustrated costing $14.50 green in the pattern. The border should show somewhat of a contrast to the rest of the rug, though not too emphatic a one. If more rugs are required for the floor space, two long narrow rugs of similar pattern to the large one may be chosen to cover the floor at either end of the room. The high mantle-shelf should have brass candle-sticks and a large Chinese jar, very few ornaments, or if the space above is left for a decorative paint- ing with a border of its own, only two objects should be placed on the shelf against it, two candle-sticks or two jars. For the fireplace tall andirons of wrought-iron, simple and dignified in design, will hold logs for a real fire, or if coal is used a basket grate for coal can be in- stalled. In either case there will be the necessary accompaniment of tongs, shovel and poker, and care must be exercised in selecting these adjuncts to fire-side comfort. The portiéres and curtains for this living-room now come in for consideration. As there are no outside shutters to the house, heavy curtains for Winter use against the cold winds must be provided, with some sort of thin curtaining next the glass. These may be of Swiss muslin, with a small figure, hav- ing some of the pattern in dull blue or dull green or they may be of plain cream-colored scrim with a delicately stenciled border in color. For the windows these curtains should not fall below the wood-work underneath the sill. The dining-room | Saito bedstead a this eaunweod sini Would cost about [as wy $26.00, the chiffonier about $24.00, and the dressing- - es | table here illustrated could be had for about $15.00, with an excellent quality of glass either bevelled or AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS | II soheerepemeenesicniosiesenertecnne unbevelled For the French windows they should be fastened both top and bottom to brass rods to prevent their blowing about in the wind when these window-doors are open. The silk curtains placed over these may be of silk with a woven pattern the color of the wall-covering. Again, these curtains may be linen taffetas having a design of two shades of green or blue. This material has excellent wearing qualities and does not hold dust, and may be used without lining. The curtains at the windows should hang from poles with bracket-fixtures against the top of the base-board. At the French windows the curtains should be hung on brass rods over the white curtains. For the portiéres, bordered English velvet, the color of the walls, will be suitable, or a patterned velvet having the colors to be found in the Oriental rug, but not necessarily of similar design, will prove effective. DINING-ROOM. The round extension-table with arm-chairs and side- chairs in the selection for this room should be simple and elegant in design, with a side-board in the same style, one having at least two drawers for silver and table linen being preferable. The serving-table can find a place under the north window and the side-board on the long south wall opposite. The china for the dinner-service may be plain white, with a band of gold filagree. For the breakfast- table a less formal service may be selected. In Summer, breakfast in this house will always be served on the loggia, where there will be placed one of those folding tables having drop-leaves, supported by legs that turn back against the center when closed, such as the gate-legged table shown on page 9. This table can also be used for the afternoon tea. The color of the walls of the dining-room should be warm in tone, as in the case of the house here illustrated the light comes from the north and west only. A clear, light rose tint would be appropriate for this room if the walls are to be tinted; but a wall-paper with a rose-colored ground having a large pattern in deeper tone, with portiéres of rose-colored tapestry having a broad border would add richness to the room. ‘The window curtains of white muslin may have rose-colored silk over them. The center light above the dining-table may have appro- priately a circular shade of pale yellow, with amber bead fringe. The rug in this room should be large enough to cover the floor space occupied by the round table and dining- chairs, deep rose in color and simple in border. Before the entrance to the service-quarters a screen of The living-room Corner of a bedroom 12 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS brown leather would be in place. There is one other bit of furnishing that could well be added to this room, and that is a built-in seat in the projecting west window, if placed below the casing. This could then have a flat cushion of leather or of velour and a few cushions in varying tones of brown and rose. This would add a cosyness to the room, which dining- rooms too often lack. ‘The halls and stairways of this house can be in solid color. In the small room adjoining the entrance in the basement-entrance story of the house, of which no plan is shown, the wooden settle now seen in the photograph of the living-room may find a suitable place by the open fire. Here may be very naturally established a smokers’-den or servants’ sitting-room. A few wicker chairs, a round-topped table, some leather or linen-covered cushions, and a rug for the floor. The curtains could be of scrim at the diamond-paned windows. This would make a cosy lounging-nook. THE BED-CHAMBERS. | The northeast bed-room, which has a connecting door with the southeast bed-room, may be appropriately fur- nished in walnut. ‘The wall-paper can be yellow, or the walls may be plain-tinted plaster, yellow in tone. A walnut bed, dressing-table, chiffonier, small writing-desk, chairs and a cheval glass would be suitable furnishings here. The floor-covering might be a large domestic rug in golden brown tones with yellow bands in the border. To exclude the brightness of the early morning light the windows need dark shades, and over-curtains of chintz with white muslin curtains against the glass. SOUTHEAST BEDROOM. This room, having southern light, may have one of the colder colors on the walls, we will say green ingrain paper of a light shade. ‘The floor rug may be a domestic rag rug of mixed tones in green and pale yellow at the ends. The heavy curtains of large-flowered chintz or taffeta with a green lining will be found an agreeable shield against the strong early morning sunlight, while the white muslin be- neath them may have a sprig of green color in it. The January, 1913 furniture of this room may be of stained oak in light brown or green. Some willow chairs, a chiffonier or small dress- ing-table as the individual taste may prefer will be needed. Probably, if this were a child’s room, a study-table with open shelves for books will also find a place, as here the “young person” frequently has to prepare lessons. A willow writing-desk suitable for such a room would cost about $20. SOUTHWEST BEDROOM. This little room, which would probably be the guest- room, may have delicate shades of French gray on its walls, and on the floor a rug of soft texture of the same gray, with bands of blue woven in for the border. The bed and dressing-table will also be of French gray painted wood with a cane-seated rocker and a straight chair of the same finish. For the window, white muslin with white linen hay- ing a small printed vine-like pattern in blue running up and down would make suitable over-curtains. As the room is low-ceiled, the curtain if made with a narrow valance at the top and reaching to the floor would add to the seem- ing height of the room. THE BATHROOM. The bathroom will need a rug. A coral-colored bath- rug for the tiled floor will supply a bit of warmth, and a white enameled stool will also be found convenient. At the window simple white muslin curtains will be needed. SERVANTS’-ROOM. _ As this is a northwest room, a warm tint of brown will be found agreeable for the walls. The windows should have simple white muslin curtains, the floor a simple rag rug of rich dark-blue with bands of buff at the ends. The bed and dresser and wooden rocker may be of pine varnished in natural color. THE LOGGIA. Having completed the furnishings of the inside of the house, we must not neglect the useful balcony or loggia extending across the southern end of the building and pro- (Continued on page 31) La a es Ce aaa EN NE aE Few houses, large or small, are so fortunate in their sites January, 1913 AMERICAN 2 Se os an There are few plants for indoor culture and for outdoor bedding more satisfactory than the Begonia. This HOMES AND GARDENS 13 is one of the new, single tuberous- rooted types The Peerless Begonia By F. F. Rockwell Photographs by Nathan R. Graves |) HERE are no other flowering plants adapted to so wide a range of uses as the Begonias. Out-doors, in the sun and in the shade, for edges, in solid masses, or for borders where the beauty of the individual flowers is de- sired, on the porch, in veranda boxes; and inside, Winter and Summer, for flowers or for foliage, and, what is more valuable still, for a combination of both—for all these uses there are Begonias that give the greatest satis- faction. They are, too, as a general thing, healthy plants, and, except that they require a fairly warm temperature, are as easy to grow successfully as almost any plant there is. If I were restricted to the use of one sort of plants only, I think I should choose the Begonias; they constitute almost a whole collection of plants in themselves. ‘here are, in fact, so many varieties that one is likely to become confused by them and make mistakes in selecting the sorts desired for any particular use. Let us straighten the matter out once and for all by taking a look at the three general types— fibrous-rooted, tuberous-rooted, rex-leaved. The FIBROUS-ROOTED group is by far the most important, as it includes the best of the flowering sorts for both house culture and out-door bedding. The range of flower-forms and foliage is very wide, and the colors, which include all shades of white, pink and red, are all most attractive. In habit of growth, the fibrous sorts are for the most part upright and branching, forming bush-like plants of much grace and wonderful beauty when covered with their pro- fusion of flowers, born freely, in many cases, from one end of the year to the other. —The TUBEROUS-ROOTED type is not so well known, but is becoming more popular every year, due largely to the fact that recent improvements in the flowers have placed them among the most beautiful of all flowering plants. In habit of growth they are stocky and upright, the thick, succulent stalks attaining a height under good con- ditions of from one to one and a half feet, covered densely with the large thick leaves, which are very attractive in both shape and coloring. ‘The individual flowers of the tuberous- rooted sorts are more beautiful than those of the fibrous- rooted sorts, some of the new ones having blossoms that measure over five inches across and are wonderfully full and fringed. ‘The new double-fringed, while not so large, are even more beautiful. It is a rather difficult operation to start the tuberous sorts from seed, and unless one has every facility for handling the delicate little plants, it will be much better to get good, strong tubers from the florists. “These are placed on damp moss, concave side up, and put in a warm place until they start, and then potted up, a single bulb to a pot. The best results will be obtained by using at first pots only slightly larger than the bulbs, and shifting them until each plant fills a five or six-inch pot, using a soil very light and quick, such as one made up 14 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS of old, spent manure, loam and sand. Or the started plants, which by the first of June will be blooming in four-inch pots, may be set out-doors in a well-drained bed, in partial shade. They bloom freely until frost, or until much later if kept in pots, so they may be taken inside, and are then taken up, dried off thoroughly and stored away in some dry, mode- rately warm place, packed in sand or sawdust until wanted for next year’s bloom. _ The REX-LEAVED Begonias, or old-fashioned ‘‘Beef-steak Geraniums’—what a delightfully fanciful, poetic sobriquet ! —are among the most beautiful of the ornamental leaved plants that can be grown without the agency of a conserva- tory or greenhouse. ‘The flowers, while not conspicuous, add their charm to the glorious effect of the richly veined and mottled leaves. One of the valuable features of these exquisite plants is their longevity—a good specimen lasting for years, if well kept, and attractive for 365 days in the year. With such a wealth of material to choose from, it is no wonder that the amateur sometimes makes mistakes in selecting the Begonias he may need for any special purpose. Where due care is exercised in making selections, they are almost certain to prove very satisfactory plants for any of the several purposes mentioned below. BEGONIAS FOR THE HOUSE. Of the flowering Begonias that do well in the house there are two types—the stiff, upright, flowering sorts, such as the well-known Metallica with its dark-green velvety foliage and soft rosy-white flowers, and the pendant, profuse bloomers, such as Gloire de Lorraine, with its wonderful mass of light-pink flowers, usually grown in hanging baskets, which you have seen in florists’ windows at Christmas time, even if you have never been tempted to have one sent home. The first of these two types is much the more satisfactory for every-day purposes. They are very easily cared for, bs epg A fine specimen of the Gloire de Loraine Begonia. January, 1913 bloom continuously through Winter and Summer, and may be kept for years. Metallica, already mentioned, is an old- time favorite, and as easy to grow as a Geranium. Alba Picta has dark-green leaves with light silvery spots, making a very unique effect, with white flowers. Otto Hacker has peculiar, long flowers born in large, pendant clusters of bright red, contrasting strongly with the large, pointed leaves, and always commands the interest of one’s flower- loving friends. Purity makes a drawf, bushy little plant, more spreading in habit, and covered with small, waxy white flowers; the best white flowering sort for the house. Prima Donna is a newer sort with extra large flowers, reaching an inch and a half in diameter. Corallina (Ruba) is another old favorite, with flowers of a bright coral red, born in large clusters. Argentea Guttata and Margaritae have especially ornamental foliage. Luminosa is a bright fiery red, with a golden center making a very pretty contrast; it is one of the very best, both for indoors and for bedding. Glorie de Lorraine, although one of the most beautiful of all flowers, is frequently not satisfactory as a house plant, because of the very careful attention it must receive. “Pink” Lorraine is objectionable on the same grounds. The new Lorraine, ‘Glory of Cincinnati,” is, however, much more robust in constitution and holds its flowers better, so that, as the color is as good and the individual florets even larger, it is likely to supersede the older Lorraine types. The Rex Begonias, like most of the others, do best out of the full, direct sunlight. If too far from the window, or in too shaded a place, however, the full coloring of the leaves will not be developed. As the Rex Begonias last a long time and grow to a large size they will eventually fill very large pots, and special care must be taken to see that the drainage is kept perfect, not only by using light soil, but by the use (Continued on page 32) SiGe tee rapier tig This species requires careful culture January, 1913 ae eee + Ev aee aS = r wy, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 15 Krisheim Cottage at St. Martins By Harold Donaldson Eberlein Photographs by T. C. Turner SSSsSs)OOD things come in small parcels. So have Be ee 44|| we heard many a time and oft from our RZ grandmothers, perhaps, or from some family sage given to quoting proverbs. Most of us, though, are unfortunately so obsessed with a passion for mere bigness that, no matter what we think theoretically, we are apt to pass by the little things unheeding, however excellent they be and yield all our admiration where compelling size holds the eye. This worship of Gargantuan bulk is really a national failing. It is a failing that we shall get over, indeed, in due season, but one that is bound to hinder our just appreciation of merit until we do get over it. It is high time the cult of small excellences had its innings. We can- not too soon begin to cultivate the habit of seeking out small excellences and rendering them their deserved meed of appreciation. The little house to which our present consideration is directed—and it is very little, smaller than one fancies at first glance—possesses the merit of being inexpensive, a cardinal merit in the eyes of many a prospective home- maker, justly resentful of the false attitude that assumes that almost prohibitive cost must necessarily attend grace and good taste. The total cost of erection was $5,000. The happy combination of low cost and attractiveness embodied in this cottage was possible because the architect, Mr. Edmund B. Gilchrist, of Philadelphia, while always keeping an eye to the artistic value of the situation, at the same time observed the most rigid simplicity in plan, the materials used and the method of construction. It will be seen from the plans that the house is rectangular in shape, an arrangement at once the simplest and least expensive, although the general exterior appearance does not convey that impression. Nothing could be more direct or more saving of space or partition building than the way in which the three rooms of the first floor are carried across the entire width of the house. ‘here is thus always ample light from at least two sides in each room. On the landing of the stairway that winds up from a corner of the dining- room is a great window indicated on the second floor plan. Seen from the dining-room, which is also the living-room, the effect of this stairway with its round-arched landing- window is good and it is also most sensibly placed. How far better is it to have a stair descending into a room rather than pent up in a coop-like entry, which some unreasonable convention of the recent past seemed to demand, but for which there is no real raison d’etre. The vista through the dining-room and up the stairs is pleasing likewise from the 16 AMERICAN end room—the parlor if you choose to call it so, but, please you, a parlor in the old English sense of the word and not one of those dreadful apartments with an atmosphere of _hair-cloth, crinoline and buckram. Through the generously- wide kitchen windows pours a flood of sunlight war- ranted to keep the cook in cheerful mood—a __ thing highly needful for a happy household, for good cookery and ill-humor are usually strangers. To some, it may seem a bit far-fetched to allude to culinary psychology in an architectural description, but it may properly be urged that whatever may conduce to the physical comfort and happi- ness of in-door family life is not beyond the purview of architect or home-maker. The second floor, with its four bed-chambers and fair- sized bathroom, is as compact as anything well could be, and yet it is by no means cramped. Room is made for one bed-chamber by a departure from the rectangular plan more seeming than real. A short wing is thrown out from the body of the building on the second floor level and supported by the substantial rounded arches that form the porch. In this gabled wing is the aforementioned bed-chamber. By this device several ends are served. In the first place more space is gained in the sec- ond floor, then next it agreeably relieves the rectangularity of the exterior and last- ly—this is, perhaps, its best feature—it keeps the porch with- in the structural lines of mass and com- pletely does away with the disfigure- ment due to the tacked-on, lean-to contrivance unfor- tunately appended to a good many houses. Another excellent feature of this cot- tage is its unbroken roof. Its whole ex- panse spreads out unmarred by fussy, restless dormers. Consequently the cot- tage has the same re- poseful aspect we ‘note so frequently in English country houses, where the skyline merges into the environment al- most imperceptibly, which it could not do if it were punctuated SSI PRR ae MUI Hise HON TRE HOMES AND GARDENS One of the bedrooms in Krisheim Cottage Entrance porch of Krisheim Cottage and story above January, 1913 with dormers popping up here and there and every- where. There is no desire herein to decry dormers in general. They are, how- ever, a source of danger and it is best that we should frankly admit it. Their treatment requires the most consummate skill and if they are not carefully managed they can spoil completely the whole aspect of an otherwise excellent exterior. Where it is possible to have an un- pierced roof, especially with the type of house here illus- trated, it is generally preferable for artistic considerations. Now, as to the purely practical side of the matter, some objector, doubtless, is ready to cry out ‘“‘But look at all the waste space; if there were dormers there could be third floor bedrooms.” ‘To this one might reasonably reply that in a cottage that already has four bedrooms on the second floor there is no need of any on the third. Besides, in our climate a room immediately under the roof is apt to be unbearably hot in Summer, and then, too, a room in which you are afraid to stir more than a few feet from the center for fear of bumping your head against the sloping walls or ceiling is not a cause of much joy anyhow. At all events, Krisheim Cottage is meant to have two floors and an_air- space and no more. On the other hand, an unobstructed gar- ret, lighted at the gable ends, is an ideal place to stow away all manner of things in, things that are needed time and again, but for which ordinarily space can ill be spared. Fur- thermore, it may be seriously questioned whether we do not often waste space on the first floor by not / using it al] to live in and then distort our houses by trying to expand unnecessarily above stairs. Although the cot- tage is rectangular in plan, its mass has greater variety than is usual in a house of that description. This element of variety is gained partly by the gabled projection in which is the porch downstairs and a bed- room above, partly by the gables above some of the upper windows and partly by the well-shaped January, 1913 chimney standing out from the eastern wall. The metal device on the face of the chim- ney is a true lovers’ knot, in allusion, no doubt, to the conjugal felicity that should reign within the house. The windows, as might be expected, are casements. A sturdy, sensible English yeoman air this cottage has and ought to have; there are no meaningless frills anywhere about it, it is solid and honest to the core, and its stone walls, coated with pebbly rough-cast, are twenty-two inches thick. It is a four- square domicile not to be budged by the blowing of winds or the beating of rains and coming of floods. It is hospitable looking because it sits firmly on the ground and you can walk right in without climbing up stand-offish steps; it doesn’t teeter on French heels like houses perched aloft on foundations that are nearly one-half above ground. Because a house has not protrud- ing, overgrown foundations, there is no reason that its cellar should be either damp or dark. Areas around the cellar windows settle all that and obviate this too frequent source of awkwardness. Some houses are good to look upon but lack in sensible arrangement; others are chock-full of practicality but want- ing in comeliness. In either case, it is pleasant to direct attention to merits, but it is doubly grateful to point to a union of both qualities such as the Krisheim Cottage pos- sesses in an eminent degree. It is comfortable, livable and in simple good taste at all points. Light-hued walls, flecked with playing shadows, contrast pleasantly with the dark cypress-shingled roof, whose soft tones and easy lines blend with the setting of great surrounding trees and seem to knit the whole structure to its environment. Half-way down a steep hillside that shelters from north and northeast winds, the cottage hangs at the edge of an abrupt descent into a deep-wooded glen. Southwest and northwest the land falls suddenly away Bed Rm. 92-5" Parlor wxid Sin PME SEE IIR: t Halfway down a steep hillside Krisheim Cottage hangs at the edge of an abrupt descent into a d AMERICAN HOMES AND First Frook VLAN Floor plans of Krisheim Cottage GARDENS 17 leaving a little level garden-plot on the north front at the foot of the upward slope of the protecting hill. This tiny garden, with its trim borders and minikin walks, all surrounded by a low pale-fence of quaint design, is for all the world like the garden before the Gingerbread House in ‘‘Hansel und Gretel.” The type of architecture meets the simple, homely requirements of the case much better than the more formal, stately Georgian would have done. Instances there are where the Georgian spirit does not fit, and this was one of them. Nothing more ex- actly suited to the site could have been de- vised. However strong may be the claims of the Georgian type to our consideration, however fully we may be in sympathy with its genius—and few of us do not keenly admire it when well executed—we never- theless err in not making a larger use of sundry other English types which are quite as much a part of our national architectural heritage. Garden and house, hanging on the brink of the glen, are both together so delightfully suited to each other that it is a satisfaction to look on them. Either one without the other would be incomplete and curtailed of its full mean- ing. The fact that the garden, small though it is, has been made the most of, is worth taking to heart in a good many quarters. Not a few of us are apt to neglect a little garden- ing opportunity like this just because it is so little that we think it won’t count. It does count, though, and Krisheim Cottage garden shows how much. ‘The cultivation of a wee plot gives the cultivator a most valuable store of ex- perience in economy and arrangement while a refusal to improve the chance is just like the conduct of the man in the parable who went and wrapped his one talent in a nap- kin and buried it in the ground. Among the sundry lessons to be learned from a study of Krisheim, not the least is the lesson of appreciation of small excellences indoors and out. Sos eep wooded glen [soe CONST AMERICAN HOMB AN IMPORTANT | wO t= dp) t+ ie ZO Ses aie g5 | W | eR 19 AND GARDENS Ui * ie Va Ske OE AL coe a =| a s \ Mew ASP toa MAM Sash ~~ RN HOUSE PLAY RT IN EXTERIOR HWTECTURAL FEAT AMERICAN HOmg aND GARDENS : = | me ee ==: I= =e BALCONIES AS ARBITECTURAL FEAT- j URES OF THE MODERN HOUSE PLAY | ] comme TiC N 20 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS This delightfully commodious country home near Manhasset, Long Island, consists of what is practically a group of connected buildings A Long Island Farmhouse By Edward M. Thurston FEW years since the fashionable country house was represented by the type exempli- fied in the Newport “Cottage,” a type of house elaborate and sumptuous, site some- what limited in extent, built after the man- ner of the French or Italian villa. The grounds of such “cottages” were laid out with befitting formality and their interiors designed and furnished upon a scale truly magnificent. “The tendency at present seems to be to seek for country house sites less artificial in surround- ings and to seek areas greater in acreage, to build, indeed, what is often a farmhouse mucn amplified and planned with considerate dignity. ‘The house is very often the center of what is actually a farm, for almost everyone living in the country nowadays becomes interested in animal life, in poultry or in fruit-raising, and sometimes these ‘“‘farm” country houses are developed to such an extent that they pay a certain rate of in- tenest upon the eggs from his country estate to pay the cost of much of its upkeep. Life upon such estates is naturally very free and informal—democratic and thoroughly American, and pos- sessed of just the atmosphere which one goes into the coun- try to secure. % Near Manhasset, New York, stands the large country house here illustrated, which is notable as showing the tendency in present day ideas of the country home among people who enter into country living in all of its fullness and activity. This house was designed by Messrs. Walker & Gillette, architects, of New York. This large estate is being developed upon somewhat varied lines and is the country home of a man who, besides being intensely interested in country life, finds it necessary to keep in close touch with wide and important financial inter- ests. The large residence which is the center of the estate has been planned with this idea in mind, for it really con- sists of a group of connected buildings, amount invested in the home besides pro- Hee Nee RSe their maintenance. One gentleman ——— 7 | =H] DINING ROOM = —ay= 3 | i — [Fb ean | oe = aes vicdingmion thegcostiot ||) a tie ee —— L eae one designed for liv- ing quarters for the family, another for ones WSeS 210 (l rooms for servants, — a E cr aay ae Hace | eel Dipst Tyrer Fran farmer, who is promi- while another portion nent in the financial provides the space re- and social world, sells enough poultry and First floor plan of the Long Island country house quired for the library, executive offices and ay _ alll January, 1913 WEE SEE S The living-room the necessary rooms for secretaries bordering on the hall. In many parts of Long Island one finds old homes which were built several generations ago by the early Dutch or English settlers of those regions. These quaint structures, which are almost invariably of wood, may have supplied something of the inspiration for the designing of this large country house, for here are the severely plain walls, the sweeping roof-lines, broad verandas and other details of planning which the builders of these old-time homes under- stood so well. The portion of the house intended for the use of the family and their guests is the AMERICAN HOMES chief building of the group and is of frame two stories high and havingaslightly pitched roof. A wide AND GARDENS 21 Tn age tices ea Pere aay bell out of doors. At either side of the hall wide doorways open into other rooms, pilasters placed against the wall support a cornice, a fire-place and very simple mantle of wood is placed at one side, and at the far end as one enters is a broad stairway, which, with one wide, square landing, leads to the floors above. The woodwork of this beautiful and dignified entrance hall is of white enamel, with stair-rail of mahogany, and the floor is of polished hardwood. To the right of the entrance is a large and well-proportioned recep- tion-room, very simply finished, with a “homespun” rug and with draperies and furniture-coverings of Gafteltal orsciiumtz. Like all the rooms of this interesting coun- try home it possesses an air of homelike veranda extends across the entire front and at one end of the group is a_ similar building, which contains the service departments, and this is connected with the main building by the one-story portion where the kitchen and pantry are arranged. The effect, therefore, is that of one large and somewhat low and rambling building, exceedingly simple and homelike with its shingled wa.s and large, shady verandas with trellise between the pillars. This large house is designed with two fronts. A very broad hall extends through the building, opening at one end upon the wide veranda and at the other end directly Second floor plan of the Long Island country house comfort. The dining- room’s most import- ant feature, apart from the beauty of an old sideboard and dining-table, is the arrangement of that side of the room where the chimney is placed. The fireplace itself is both lined and faced with brick, every alternate course being laid upon edge. The mantle-shelf is very plain and supported upon brackets or “‘corbels,” but above and extending far upon either side are wide panels, very carefully planned and painted the ivory-white of the rest of the standing woodwork. ‘These panels afford a background against which are placed old plates and jars of From the dining-room there blue and polychrome Delft. », nm room The receptio 22 AMERICAN HOMES extends the long wing, where in a little world all to them- selves are pantries and kitchen, servants’-hall, laun- dry, drying-yard and all the departments required for a country home of this extent and magnitude, and in the gambrel roof which forms the upper floor of this end of the house are rooms for the servants, together with their own linen-closets and bath- room. ! A tions go with them! Every human being . has probably felt the sweet superstition of beginning a new life on January first. Every thoughtful child has made resolu- tions on that day with a feeling that some new power would be gained for the future. Habits more or less objectionable would be broken by the aid of this mysterious sway of the New Year. How great the disappointment we, too, have felt when, after conscientious trying, we have failed. Some- one has said: ‘‘And yet it is better far to resolve on improve- ment and fail than to have no resolutions to your credit.” But where is New Year’s Day, the dear old New Year’s Day of long ago? In New York among comparatively few it is still recognized, but to the many it is like any other day. Oh, the joy of New Year’s Day when I was a girl! The fascinating wonder and expectation as to whose house I should be asked to receive. ‘Then the pretty gown, which in those days of long ago was not an every-day affair. On New Year’s Day, one tried to look her prettiest and best, and the new gown became a part of the day. Then the heights were reached when, as the young matron, I invited the girls to help me to receive. Of course, among those who were asked there was great rivalry, as all the matrons were in friendly emulation with one another. It was a pretty sight to look upon, this group of attractive young women assisting hospitality. The excitement was intense as men, young and old, ar- rived in their carriages, usually four at a time. The young men saved for this occasion weeks ahead, planned for a “hack” or “‘barouche”’ for this day of days, for they, too, had the feeling of rivalry, and all were anxious to crowd in as many calls as possible into this anniversary. But all this is gone, and we are left with only memories of what was a beautiful custom. We were brought in touch, at least once a year, with all our friends within driving distance. Old friendships were renewed and new ones begun. There seemed to be more real hospitality in those times, and New Year’s Day helped to keep it alive. There were those who abused the day, perhaps, but such instances were rare. I suppose rush of business and the demands of an exact- ing public have caused this holiday custom to disappear. With nothing of a patriotic character to compel attention, this charming social event has become only a memory which those of this generation may not share. But there is more than a social function to this day of days, for this should be the beginning of a new year in every truth. How many of us have made new resolutions? We can HELPS TO vie HOUSEWIFE TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER- EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE January, 1913 at least make them, even if we have not moral force to rise above the trying conditions which render it impossible to carry them out. The fact that we have for the space of one day recognized the need for renewed effort will do us some good. There is so much that each one of us could do— even more than the fullest life accomplishes. To begin with, are you in tune with your surroundings? If you are not, now is the time to find it out. Turn an X-ray into your innermost self. Ninety-nine times out of a hundred selfishness will be found responsible for your fail- ings. It may be the selfishness of fear or the absorption of self to the exclusion of the pain in others. So many create unhappiness for themselves and others through self-pity, and one of the most insidious emissaries of self is that of vain self-reproach. It is well for adults, as well as for children, to ask on this new first day ‘‘In what have I failed this past year, and why the failure?” What has seemed failure may be a part of a great scheme working out our ultimate good, but it is well to look into the matter. Emerson says, ‘Our strength grows out of our weakness,” so, if causes of past failure are properly recognized and a determination born of these failures to do better and worthier work in the future comes to us, then, in this sense, they were not failures. Perhaps this may be a dangerous theory, but it can hold hope and cheer for many a poor, discouraged mortal, and on New Year’s Day we wish to help and encourage by every means within our reach. Would it not be a good thing on this New Year’s Day to resolve that each day of the coming year should be the beginning of a new year for us? That each day should see renewed effort and a determination to make our corner in the world brighter because we live in it? We are all so completely a part of the eternal whole, we never know when our part may be hindering unless we stop and question our motives and our actions and honestly take a note of results. We all know the person who radiates good cheer. How glad we are to live in the sunshine of such a personality. What good company. We always try to get hold of them for pic-nics, fairs and various entertainments, but most of all for plain every-day. Such people make the world better to live in. Why not resolve to be one of that kind. It might prove to be a higher form of selfishness, because so much would come — back to you in love and admiration; but bless such selfish- ness. We do not have enough of it, and how much we need the sunshine of a cheerful comrade, every one of us. We should let go of useless fears and stop fretting and let nature and the sunlight work their beneficent powers upon us. However, we can at least make the resolution to do so and abide by it for a few days just to try its effect. Then, by having more than one New Year’s Day, we would acquire the habit of a cheerful exterior and our lives made brighter. January, 1913 How about our charitable impulses? During the coming year make them a part of our constitution, part of our rela- tion to our fellow creatures. This should bring consolation and should make us generous of our dignity and of our treat- ment of others. Have you thought that it takes a fine quality of heroism to live as one should live? Do not forget that one of the characteristics of this kind of heroism is persistency; in spite of all rebuffs keep to your chosen idea and do not hope or long for sympathy, but rather hold yourself above the need of any. You may be the only one conscious of heroic effort, but that fact will be a means for strength. Resolve to find one thing in each day to be grateful for, one thing of which you may well be proud, and one thing over which you can smile. Hide your disappointment be- hind these daily discov- eries, and they will at least be easier to bear. This is a form of heroism, and not a day looms in which such heroism may not be called into use. In this rushing, driving life we are forced to live, self-preservation should ever be kept in mind. One helpful resolution, and one most difficult to stick to, is this: Determine that you will not waste your energy. You simply cannot have nervous force for the very essentials of life if you squander it upon the things of a lesser importance. Just look over the days of the year as they pass, and see if there are not many times when _nerve-force was wasted. How many times we have fretted over a stalled trolley-car, a friend who has failed to keep an appointment, or a train just slipping away from us. Such circumstances come into every life, every day, and we are inclined to chafe over them. Un- fortunately, we are the victims, for greater nerv- ousness is ours as a natural result, and all this is reflected upon those with whom we are associated. It would be much simpler and more economic to refrain, and we should soon discover in ourselves the habit of self-control, as we gain any habit by trying for it. This effort would add to our poise, and the energy saved could be turned to better things. I am a bit disposed to scold at what I call the worry- habit of women. Most men take a more philosophical view of things, but women devote a serious percentage of their lives to fussing about what really never takes place. What an excellent resolution it would be to try to compel these at intervals as decoration. TWO LUNCHEON DISHES By MARY H. NORTHEND A suggestion for serving eggs and macaroni. The the center of the dish and the macaroni, cut in short pieces, around it, with parsley as the decoration An attractive way to serve steamed oysters is to place them in the center of a mound of hot, boiled rice, with a row of tiny peppers and parsley Melted butter should be poured over the oysters AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 35 wild nerves of ours to relax. To compel the body and the mind to relax. Just try laughing at household trials instead of crying. What one does is a matter of one’s own choosing, and in it lies one’s force or weakness. We have so much more kindness in us than is ever spoken; why not make a change and voice more of the kind thoughts which come to each one of us? It would be bread cast upon the waters, the benefit of which, returning to us each day, would make our hearts merry and our feet light. This should be a resolu- ; tion of this year 1913, and by no means the least im- portant one, for we are never happy in_ taking things for granted, we like to be told over and over again the same old story of duty. IP=a]P=d)b=4IPZa)P=4]b=aibzdlb=dlbzd|b=d)p=d)bzdbealpsdlpsdpedlbea)esasalp=aped A PRACTICAL TREAT- MENT OF AN ABAN- DONED FARMHOUSE (Continued from page 7) IFdlpsalbsd)b=d|bsdibzdlbsd|bsdlbed FEa{ped bedlbsd bedlbdlbs@ ba bsaibxd bd b=4| around it has been placed a curbing to be covered with vines later on, which will, of course, add to its beauty. Beyond this is a Per- gola which is new. This is to be covered with Rambler Roses, and in two years’ time will prob- ably be in a state of per- fection. It now serves the purpose of hiding rough land farther on. At the side of the house is another most attractive Pergola, which is still too new to show what it will be later on. Behind this is the garden from which the flowers for the table are cut, the vegetable garden being still farther on, near the stables. The lawns about the house are worthy of special mention, being kept in a_ thoroughly good condition. It is also a remarkable feature to note what has been done in this first year garden. Following the line of the fence, as far as the swimming pool, there has been laid out a five-foot wide garden where Annuals and Perennials have been mingled. At every fence post vines of various kinds have been placed, Rambler Roses of all varieties and colors, and Clematis being very much in evi- dence. These young plants show rapid progress and in many cases have partially covered the posts. It is the in- tention of the owners to plant for bloom, and especially, succession of bloom, replacing undesirable plants by new ones, carefully choosing varieties that blossom profusely and are of suitable tints, so that the color scheme may always be in harmony with other details of the landscape design. eggs are placed in 36 Ip=albzdpsalbsalped)b=dlbsaipsapsd)ps dibs pes db=4lbsdlbsabsabsapsaipsdibsdbsab =< aibrdlbsabs alps dbs alesdIbsaibsdipsdlpsd)b=dlbsdbsdbsajpsd)bsdiesdIbsdlbsdbedlbsdibsdbedibsd)b=d]bs4] SAMPLERS OF THE OTHER DAYS (Continued from page 25) Ip=d)bs a bxdibealbsdbsdppedbsd)psdbedpsaibeaipsdibsibsaibsdibraibsdibsdipsdbsdibsbsdbsdbsdpsdpsdpzdpedp=dbedbedpedpedpedipsdpedpedpedesdpsaibedibs@peapsapsdibdibsq lines of scarlet would do credit to the advanced philan- thropies of our own day. “When wealth to virtuous hands is given, It blesses like the dews of Heaven. Like Heaven it hears the orphan’s cries, And wipes the tears from widow’s eyes. Louisa and Mary Hopkins hung garlands of roses, at nine years old, about the edges and below the lettering of their samples, worked respectively in 1823 and 1825. Still two more sisters, Anna and Mary Jenkins, worked samplers, dated ‘‘Claverack, November, 1836, and “Locust Grove, 1840.”’ These latter works of art, have beautiful unfaded wreaths of strawberries, circling simply the work- er’s name and date and a chosen sentiment. In Anna Jenkins’ selection one harks back to the days when suftrag- ists and suffragettes were unknown and modesty was woman’s greatest charm. “Strive to be good, but aim not to be great; A woman’s noblest station is retreat; Her fairest virtues fly from public sight. Domestic works still shun too strong a light.” The samplers grew no less perfect as the years passed by, and the decade from 1830 to 1840 was a prolific era. Two samplers of this period, that of Julia Ann Shufelt, in 1831, at the age of fourteen, and Augusta Van Deusen, of Ghent, in 1832, at the still less mature age of nine, are marvels in their variety of stitches and skill of workman- ship. In both cases the canvas is of large size, and the borders are works of art. As far as possible, each letter in Julia’s sampler is worked in a different stitch, as is also each line between the letters. In fine script at one side, one reads: “When we devote our youth to God Tis pleasing in his eyes. A flower when offered in the bud. Is no vain sacrifice.” After the sentiment was finished, both girls reveled in weeping willows, turtle doves, rose bushes in full bloom, re- sembling the seven-armed candlesticks of the Jewish taber- nacle, squares and diamonds of specimen stitches, baskets of flowers, and little stiff conventional trees with birds bal- ancing in the topmost boughs, mouths open as if emitting jubilant strains in praise of the childish workers and their skill. Julia Ann Shufelt added to her sampler a two-story brick house, with stone foundations, door step, chimneys and window frames in the most approved style, and to com- plete the home effect, a rooster is crowing at the backdoor. A reserved estimate gives this sampler fourteen different stitches and thirty-nine patterns, in which the stitches are used with variations. Individual initiative, in the samplers lay by the way of trees and flowers, cats and dogs, fishes and birds, dolls and houses, but the real art is to be found in the dividing lines of fancy stitches, between the letters and numerals, and the varied borders of carnations and strawberries, roses and Greek fret-work, which more than any other feature show a decorative quality. The children stitched on till they came to the middle of the nineteenth century, not guessing that they were em- broidering the closing leaves of a child’s story-book more than two centuries old. Through the long years of the sampler’s favor, the child worker never laid aside a certain dignity when it came to the sentiment. She might play with pet animals in the cor- ners, or a doll house at the foot of the canvas, but from the earliest sampler of English origin, date 1648, and that AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1913 of Elizabeth Creasy, who, in the year of 1686, stitched: “Let Virtue be thy Guide, and it will keep Thee out of Pride.” to that of a little girl in 1843, who worked in stitches of exquisite fineness: “Charlotte Louisa Gebhard performed this work in the eleventh year of her age,” then wove this verse through the threads of her canvas: “T envy no man’s birth or fame, His title, train, or dress, Nor has my pride e’er stretched its aim, Beyond what I possess.” the child never came down from her pedestal of virtuous wish, or prayer or advice. The sentiment of a sampler stood for the key-note of a life. IPE aPpealbsalesdps disap albsalbsdlpsdlb=ab=abealpedlpsdlpsd|bsalbealbsa|psdlpsdbeabsapsdipsalp=dbsdbsaipsdlbsdibsapsalpsdlesdipsdip=d)p=apsabsalesalpsdb=dibsalbsalb= alps alp=d)p=4] THE HOUSE DOG (Continued from page 29) E:dpedbcdbsdbedbsapedpe(pedpcapeab-dbsdpebeabsapedbeapsapeapcalpsdpeabcabsdpedp-dbsdesdp-dbedb=db ND GARDENS January, 1913 ESE Joys of Living with all Music YOU can instantly play, without practice, the most exquisite Np’ compositions that were ever written, Re = with all the delicacy and fidelity of in- AN terpretation that een ae intended, on the KRANICH & BACH PLAYER PIANO The Highest Grade Player Piano in the World Built Completely in One Factory Two handsome booklets and an amusing little narrative (illustrated), entitled, “Mascagni and the Organ Grinder,” sent postpaid to all requesting catalog. You can buy upon convenient monthly payments if desired. KRANICH & BACH NEW YORK SS Ys Wee SSSR EPR 1 OWNERS AND BUILDERS OF CEMENT HOUSES _ Write for interesting free book telling how cement _build- ings can be successfully painted and water-proofed at slight cost. t contains color plates showing how CHI-NAMEL CEMENTONE will improve the appearance of new cement buildings, and make the exterior of old buildings look new. THE OHIO VARNISH CO., 8604 Kinsman Rd., Cleveland, O. National Photo-Engraving Company ESTABLISHED 1888 SS SE NE ED LIE EO EI TOE ST TEI BATTELLI ART MARBLE CO., 11 W. 30th St., N. Y. C. Designers and . ey Sun Dials =F Benches Engravers for. Pedestals Vases all A r t 1S ti C ) Tables Flower Boxes Scientific and Illustrative Purposes Engravers of ‘‘American Homes and _ Gardens.”’ BENCHES Francis Howard 5 W.28th St.N.Y.C. Benches, Pedestals, Fonts, Vases, Busts See Sweet's C f 1 Send 15c. for Booklet S Paci Catploete i. z PERE SS SS ENTRANCES 14-16-18 Reade St, Mew Pork TELEPHONE, 1822 WORTH GARDEN EXPERTS CHATS clay. A fourth custom was to make a number of clay coils, of graduated circum- ference, corresponding to the dimension of the bowl at the particular part where the coil was to lie. When built up in this fashion, the bowl resembled the basket of candy coils seen in our shops at Christmas. The next operation was to beat the coils flat. This beating-out was perhaps an im- portant part of the process with ancient potters. Paddles and hammers of con- venient shape were used, and the clay wall compressed between them, As might be inferred by anybody that has worked in clay, the beating required considerable skill. While tedious, too, it had the ad- vantage of improving the texture of the clay. There is also a theory that vegetables, such as gourds, were widely used as molds, and eventually removed in the firing process, The basket-mold is thought by many to have been the most utilized, some investigators going so far as to say that, by this means, pottery was the forerunner, and thus furnished the idea, of basket- making. KEEPING WARM WITH ICE EEPING warm with ice is a process which seems turning ordinary usage upside down, says a writer in Harper's Weekly, but the operation is very simple. It consists in the furnishing of a double- lined car with four galvanized iron cylinders reaching from the floor almost to the top. In Summer these cylinders are kept filled with ice and salt in order that the car may be maintained at a cool tempera- ture; in Winter they are filled with ice in order to keep the contents of the car from freezing. Ice is nominally at a temperature of thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit, and it is a substance that changes its temperature reluctantly, being a bad conductor of heat or cold. Consequently, when zero weather prevails without, the cylinders of relatively warm ice present the escape of heat; in other words, so it is claimed, they maintain the temperature within the car. ae e ae AL We Nag pati A 3 i Aro Hed |) iG Ua NEW BOOKS § Brew oe] ye Don’t GIVE UP THE SHIP. By Charles S. Wood. New York: The Macmillan Company: 1912. Cloth. 8vo. Illus- trated. 314 pages. Price, $1.25 net. Mr. Wood has given boys and girls a de- lightful story and one well told in the pages of “Don’t Give up the Ship,” a tale opening with the period of 1807, and as its title sug- gests, having to do with Perry and the flag- ship Lawrence. This is an admirable book to put in the hands of the young person. ON CoTTAGE AND FARMHOUSE Furniture. By Arthur Hayden. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company: 1912. Cloth. 8vo. Illustrated. 350 pages. Price, $2.00 net. The author of “Chats on Old Furniture,” Mr. Arthur Hayden, has given us another delightful and useful volume in his “Chats on Cottage and Farmhouse Furniture.” The number of works dealing with old English furniture has grown rapidly dur- ing the last ten years, but the present vol- ume fills an especial niche in that it has been written for that large class of col- ‘ lectors, who while appreciating the beauty — January, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiil and the subtlety of great masterpieces of English furniture, have not long enough purses to pay the prices such examples bring after definite competition in the auction room. Especially interesting is Mr. Hayden’s chapter on Old English Chintzes, a subject little written about heretofore. A Dixie Rose 1n. Bioom. By Augusta Kortrecht. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippin- cott Company: 1912. 12mo.. Price, $1.25 net. Those readers who have read “A Dixie Rose.” by Augusta Kortrecht, to their chil- dren will remember Jean Spencer, a dear funny little soul whose school life in the South was pictured, will be glad to read “A Dixie Rose in Bloom,” by the same author. Jean Rose Spencer, Southerner, lovable and spunky—the real American type of girl, decides to go alone to Ger- many to study. -School life proves any- thing but dull.. The commingling of differ- ent nationalities adds zest and excitement to the tale. A quarrel with Renka, an aristo- cratic Russian, leads to a duel with ice water and sponges. It is a story which will appeal strongly to the present younger generation. With Carson AND FREMONT. By Edwin L. Sabin. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippin- cott Company. 1912. 12mo. Price, $1.25 net. Few boys but have heard of Kit Carson. trapper, guide and Indian fighter, and Gen- eral John Charles Fremont, the leader of three great expeditions. The daily life of these two men who worked side by side to break the hostile spirit of the Western wilderness was one filled with danger and adventure. “With Carson and Fremont,” bv Edwin L. Sabin, is written for boys, and is almost a first-hand story of the West in its early days. Mr. Sabin holds closely to facts and while writing an entertaining story has still presented an _ inspiring episode in American history. The Oliver Wiggins in the story is a real character, and as a boy accompanied Fremont on the first and second expeditions. This book is recommended to parents for their boys as a good morally clean story. Tue Book or WINTER Sports. By J. C. Dier. New York: The Macmillan Company: 1912. Cloth. 8vo. _ Illu- strated. 351 pages. Price, $1.50 net. As the author says of “The Book of Winter Sports,” this volume is “an attempt to catch the spirit of the keen joys of the Winter season.” This he has done well in its entertaining and instructive pages. which every lover of out-of-door life is ad- vised to read. Our PRESIDENTS AND THEIR OFFICE. By William Estabrook Chancellor, Ph.D. New York: Neale Publishing Company: 1912. Cloth. 8vo. 603 pages. Price. $3.00 net. Dr. Chancellor’s volume on the subject of “Our Presidents and Their Office,” in- troduced by Mr. Champ Clark, is one of much interest to any American reader. It includes parallel lines of the presidents of the United States, of many of their con- temporaries and a historv of the presi- dency. There is not a tiresome page in the book. Herors or Science. By Charles R. Gibson. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company: 1912. Cloth. 8vo. Tilu- strated. 344 pages. Price, $1.50 net. An account of the lives, sacrifices, stc- ‘‘Booklovers’ Shopping List’’ authors and gives the prices of the same in sets. The list includes the low priced popular sets as well as the de luxe editions. Every bookbuyer should have acopy. Sent free with the Globe-Wernicke catalog. Address Dept. A.H. The Globe“Weenicke Co,, New York - 380-382 Broadway Branch Stores: Philadelphia 1012-14 Chestnut St. ANTIQUES of all Sorts Send 4 cents in Stamps for Catalog of Anti- gues.—Rugs and Christmas Gifts. I ransack 1000 Attics annually. with fine Old Things from New England ‘Homes. Hand Made Rugs Hand Braided Hand Woven Hand Drawn-in Hand Hooked Rag Carpet. Quilts—Spreads Old Chintz—Patch Work - Ralph Warren Burnham Ye Burnham House IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS i Ee Le Chicago 231-235 So. Wabash Ave. Boston - 91-93 Federal Street My Stock is replete _ —This little book lists the works of great Cincinnati, Ohio Washington 1218-20 F St., N.W. Cincinnati 128-134 Fourth Ave..E. NM Own Home! HEALTH, VIGOR, LIFE THRU LIGHT Only 2c to 4c for a life-pulsing, invigorating, vitality-strengthening Electric Light Bath in your own home—taken just as conveniently with this Robinson Electric Light Bath Cabinet as you would step into and out of a tub. Enter the cabinet—turn the switch—and the myriad rays of light infuse your whole. system with a new, lasting feeling of real life. Makes a New Being of You Gives you allthe benefits of the Turkish bath with the tonic effect of electric light rays in addition—a natural health preserver, for Light is Life. Cleanses and keeps the skinclear, the body full of vigor, the brain quick and ac- tive. A Free Book, hand somely illustrated, giv- ing complete informa- tion about Life Thru Light, and describing in detail this wonderful Cabinet, is ready to be senttoyou. Besureyou |” write for it—a postal [ card will do—today. : Robinson Electric Mfg. Co., 410 Robinson Bldg., TOLEDO, 0. se peemmemeningamasaemsT "DOBIASON EASCANC LIGST BATH xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1913 @ A very effective feature in the bath room is a recess bath, with shower arrangement. These baths can be had in either porcelain or enameled iron, and the balance of the bath room fixtures to match, so that the ensemble will be pleasing and harmonious. @ We offer you the experience of our knowledge and perfect work- manship of over 58 years in each article we manufacture. Goods bearing “Wolff's” guarantee label and “Wolff's” trademark are a positive assurance against disappointment, dissatisfaction and loss. L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING COMPANY PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY The one line that’s complete — Completely made by us, CHICAGO SHOWROOMS: 111 N. DEARBORN STREET BRANCHES OMAHA, NEBR. GENERAL OFFICES: 601-627 W. LAKE STREET MINNEAFOLIS, MINN. WASHINGTON. D. C SAN FRANCISCO,CAL. TRENTON, N. J. ROCHESTER, N.Y. ST. LOUIS, MO. CINCINNATI, OHIO KANSAS CITY, MO. SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH DENVER, COLO. DALLAS, TEX. CLEVELAND, OHIO JUST PUBLISHED Popular Handbook for Cement and Goncrete Users By MYRON H. LEWIS, C. E. Octavo (6% x 9% inches) 500 Pages, 200 Illustrations. Price, $2.50, Postpaid HIS is a concise treatise on the principles and methods employed in the manufacture and use of concrete in all classes of modern work. The author has brought together in this work, all the salient matter of matter is presented in logical and systematic order, clearly written, fully illustrated and free from involved mathematics. Everything of value to the concrete user is given. It is a standard work of reference covering the various uses of concrete, both plain and reinforced. Following is a list of the chapters, which will give an idea of the scope of the book and its thorough treatment of the subject: I. Historical Development of the Uses of Cement and Concrete. II. Glossary of Terms Employed in Cement and Concrete Work. III. Kinds of Cement Employed in Construction. IV. Limes, Ordinary and Hydraulic. V. Lime Plasters. VI. Natural Cements. VII. Portland Cement. VIII. Inspection and Testing. IX. Adulteration; or Foreign Substances in Cement. X. Sand, Gravel, and Broken Stone. XI. Mortar. XII. Grout. XIII. Concrete (Plain). XIV. Concrete (Reinforced). XV. Methods and Kinds of Reinforcements. XVI. Forms for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. XVII. Concrete Blocks. XVIII._ Artificial Stone. XIX. Concrete Tiles. XX. Concrete Pipes and Conduits. _XXI. Concrete Piles. XXII. Concrete Buildings. XXIII. Concrete in Water Works. XXIV. Concrete in Sewer Works. XXV. Concrete in Highway Construction. XXVI. Concrete Retaining Walls. XXVII. Concrete Arches and Abutments. XXVIII. Concrete in Subway and Tunnels. XXIX. Concrete in Bridge Work. XXX. Concrete in Docks and Wharves. XXXI. Concrete Construction Under Water. XXXII. Con- crete on the Farm. XXXIII. Concrete Chimneys. XXXIV. Concrete for Ornamentation. XXXV._Con- crete Mausoleums and Miscellaneous Uses. XXXVI. Inspection for Concrete Work. XXXVII. Water- proofing Concrete Work. XXXVIII. Coloring and_Painting Concrete Work. XXXIX. Method for Finishing Concrete Surfaces. XL. Specifications and Estimates for Concrete Work. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers 361 Broadway, New York interest to the users of concrete and its many diversified products. The. cesses, and failures of some of the greatest scientists in the world’s history, graphically related by an authority on the biographies of the ‘‘Heroes of Science,’ Charles R. Gibson, R.R.S.E., is given this title. This is one of the most readable books of the season, a book the perusal of whose pages will add much of the right sort of material to one’s store of general information. Tue New Cuina. By Henri Borel. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company: 1912. Cloth. 8vo. Gilt top. Illustrated. 273 pages. Price, $3.50 net. Henri Borel, author of “The New China,” says in his introduction to this work (translated from the Dutch by C. Thieme), the awakening of China to a national consc’ousness is a process sud- denly excited by the thunder of Japanese guns after a long period of silent brood- ing, and it is beyond the pale possibility to estimate the immense influence it may have on the evolut‘on of the whole world in the domain of politics, economics, science and autate This timely book has been written by one who combines an unusual aptitude for close observation with unusual facilities for mak- ing observations in his chosen field. As a consequence of his official position in the Dutch East-Indies, it was natural that his interest should extend from the Chinese in the Dutch Colonies to the Chinese in China. And as a result of extended visits and much travel he has written a book in which he brings before the reader what is now going on in the oldest and most populous of all nations—a 1evolution so subtle, so swift, so complete, and so tremendous in its far- reaching influences upon the whole world that no event within the memory of any now living can equal it in importance. Tue Boy ELectriciAns As DETECTIVES. By Edwin J. Houston. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company: 1912. Cloth, 8vo. Illustrated. 341 pages. Price, $1.25 net. Th’s is a sequel to Dr. Houston’s “The Boy Electrician, a book for boys that suc- ceeded admirably in blending entertain- ment with instruction, and one is pleased to note that in “The Boy Electricians as Detectives,” the author has given the juve- nile world a book bound to awaken a scien- tific interest in the young reader. Wireless telegraphy plays a prominent part in the plot of the story. TrE Boy’s- PLAyBookK oF SCIENCE. By John Henry Pepper. Revised by John Mastin, M. A., D.Sc., Ph.D. New York: E. P. Dutton & Coz) 19125 SSvosmabay pages. Illustrated. Price, $2.50 net. Years ago. when our old boys were ‘young, the popularized science of John Henry Pepper furnished them with many an hour of recreation and instruction. Now one of his books, “The Boy’s Play- book of Science,” comes to us with a fan- fare of trumpets as “revised, rewritten, and re-illustrated, with many additions.” AP e ‘ a glib ilal | 2 a* * - be 1% tom i ANY — Tan nN A? ~NS VERY COLLECTOR IN AMERICA WILL BE 4} INTERESTED IN THE SERIES OF ARTI- [§R CLES TO APPEAR EACH MONTH IN THE ~ PAGES OF THIS MAGAZINE, ARTICLES UPON SUBJECTS WHICH WILL PROVE 1 A DELIGHT TO AMERICAN COLLECTORS — THE NEW COLLECTORS’ DEPARTMENT So AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS WELCOMES CORRESPONDENCE AND LETTERS OF ENQUIRY FROM ITS READERS ON ALL SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH _ COL- LECTING OLD FURNITURE, POTTERY AND PORCELAIN, SAMPLERS, PRINTS, ENGRAVINGS AND ETCHINGS, GLASS, FABRICS, BRASS, PEWTER, SILVER, OLD JEWELRY, COINS, MEDALS, MINIATURES, IN FACT WITH ANYTHING APPEALING TO THE AMERICAN COLLECT- OR. THE EDITOR OF THE “COLLECTORS’ DEPARTMENT” WILL BE GLAD TO FURNISH INFORMATION ON ANY SUBJECT CONNECTED WITH COLLECTING. ENQUIRIES SHOULD BE ACCOMPANIED BY STAMPS FOR REPLY. ANY PHOTOGRAPHS OF OBJECTS ACCOM PANY- ING LETTERS WILL BE RETURNED TO SENDERS IF REQUESTED. Subscription price of American Homés and GarDENns is $3. a year om : a ® MUNN & CO., INC. PUBLISHERS \ 361 Broadway, New York SS eS Sees | GS mM INN: te SNARE ectors’ Department—Starting Plants Indoors—Home of a Veteran Collector LT on 3 ia ak MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers PRICE, 25)CENTS NEW_YORK, N $3.00 A YEAR T often happens that you want something ex- tra choice in Asters, Pan- “Farr’s Hardy Plants” A Book That You Want _ An old hardy garden is a place sacred with tender memories. There Is a personality and a sense of companionship about the plants which bloom there that makes us become attached to them. They are a part of the old associations and the home life, like members of the family— perhaps they remind us of absent ones who planted them long ago, as year by year we tenderly protect them for their winter sleep, and im- patiently await their awakening each spring. Perhaps yours is not an old garden but a new one, the planning of which has been all your own, and its accomplishment a realization of your own fancies. But whether new or old, it is a place of recreation and forgetfulness of business cares, a safety-valve from overwork and a place where the man who is city-tired may find rest and new life. Let Me Help Make Your Hardy Garden If you love the hardy garden flowers as I do, you will want my new book, which tells how my hobby grew into a business and how I came to have the largest American col- lections of Peonies, Irises, Anemones, Phiox, and other truly desirable perennial plants. The book may be an inspiration to you, as it has been to others. When you read it, you may want to write and tell me about your garden andshare with me your joy in hardy plants. The message of the stately Iris, ‘" the rainbow flower,”’ the charm of the glorious Peony, and the lure of the gorgeous Poppy are expressed in the book, which too, contains full page color plates of fine flowers in each class. Shall I send you a copy? Free if you write. BERTRAND H. FARR, Wyomissing Nurseries 105 Garfield Avenue, Wyomissing, Pennsylvania sies, Petunias, Sweet Peas or other Flower Seeds or a special variety of veg- etable. You may be looking for a fine Rose which you noted last summer or some out-of-the-ordi- nary, old-fashioned perennial or garden plant which is not known or kept in stock by the average dealer. If your inquiry as to where you will most likely find what you are looking for be made to a thor- oughly posted professional or amateur, the answer nine times out of ten will be: “You Can Get Them at Dreer’s” The Diamond Jubilee edition of Dreer’s Garden Book describes and offers nearly 5000 species and varieties of Seeds, Plants and Bulbs, which include really everything worth growing in this coun- try. Many of the sorts are illustrated, and practica! cultural notes on flowers and vegetables make this book of greater value than any half dozen books on gardening. Mailed free to anyone mentioning this publication. DREER’S CARDINAL CLIMBER is the most beautiful, bril- liant ard distinct annual climber ever intruduced. It is a strong, rapid grower, with deeply lacinated foliage and covered with brilliant red flowers, which make it a blaze of glory from mid- July till frost. 25c per packet. Dreer’s Garden Book free with each order. HENRY A.DREER fHieson eae BOBBINK & ATKINS World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products SPRING PLANTING UR Products are of a higher grade than ever this season, placing us in a better position to fill orders with a class of material that will give satis- faction to all our patrons. Our Nursery consists of 300 acres of highly cultivated land and a large area covered with greenhouses and storehouses, in which we are growing Nursery and Greenhouse Products for every place and purpose. Roses. We have several hundred thous- | the queen of Flower in the garden. Blooms and Rose Plants that wil! bloom this year. from July until the latter part of September. Order now from our Illustrated General Cata- Evergreens, Conifers and Pines. HIS is an illustration—one of 123—from the Biltmore Nursery book, “ Flower- ing Trees and Shrubs.”” It makes plain one of the purposes of the book—to show, not to tell, appropriate uses of trees and shrubs in beautifyingthe home grounds. _ The book will help you in your plan to enjoy the continuous charm that attract- ive landscapes hold. Its 64 pages of descriptive matter state the uses, charac- teristics and cultural preferences of the desirable ornamental plants, while the en- gravings depict the beauties of individual flowers, of specimen plants, and of harmon- ious groupings in which these plants are used. BILTMORE NURSERY, “Flowering Trees and Shrubs,” This Biltmore Nursery Book, Is a Guide to Outdoor Beauty With the range of selection offered in this book, you can realize this year your hope of having an ideal hardy planting, for all the noteworthy varie- ties of trees and shrubs may be had in sizes to meet every requirement. Ideal collections of those most noted for their beauty are presented for the convenience of the reader, carrying out the purpose of “enabling the discriminating amateur to select with the least ‘confusion and bewilderment the brightest gems among the many.” Shall We Send You a Copy Free? If you wish to plan the planting of home grounds, we gladly will send you a copy of ‘‘ Flowering Trees and Shrubs.’ Should you have a larger place, where you will plant extensively of many varieties, tell us to send you the ‘‘ Biltmore Nursery Catalog.” Box 1524, Biltmore, N. C. log for Spring Delivery, Rhododendrons. Many thousands of acclimated plants in Hardy English and American varieties are growing in our Nursery. Ornamental Shade Trees and Flowering Shrubs. We grow many thous- ands of Ornamental Shade Trees and Shrubs in all varieties and sizes. Trained, Dwarf and Ordinary Fruit Trees and Small Fruits. We grow these for all kinds of Fruit Gardens and Orchards. Hardy Old-Fashioned Plants. We grow thousands of rare, new and old-fashioned kinds, including Peonies and Iris in a large variety. Special prices on quantities. Hedge Plants. e grow a large quan- tity of California Privet, Berberis and other Hedge Plants, adapted to all parts of the country. Our New Giant-Flowering Marsh- mallow. Everybody should be interested in this Hardy New Old-Fashioned Flower. It will grow everywhere and when in bloom is Many acres of our Nursery are planted with handsome specimens. Boxwood. Everybody loves the aroma of old-fashioned Boxwood. We grow thous- ands of plants in many shapes and sizes. Baytrees, Palms and other Decorative Plants for Conservatories, Interior and Exterior Decorations. English Pot-GrownGrapevines. For Greenhouse Cultivation. Hardy Trailing and Climbing Vines. e have them for every place and purpose. Bulbs and Roots. We grow and import quantities of Bulbs and Roots from Japan, Holland and other parts of Europe. Lawn Grass Seed. Our Rutherford Park Lawn Mixture has given satisfaction everywhere. Plant Tubs, Window Boxes and English Garden Furniture. We manu- facture all shapes and sizes. Strawberries, potted and field-grown, in all the leading varieties. Our Illustrated General Catalog No. 75 describes our Products; is comprehensive, interesting, instructive and helpful to intending purchasers. Will be mailed upon request. The Proper Way to Buy is to see the material growing. We shall gladly give our time and attention to all intending purchasers visiting our Nursery and invite everybody interested in improving their grounds to visit us. Visitors take Erie Railroad to Carlton Hill, second stop on Main Line; 3 minutes’ walk to Nursery. We Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Everywhere With Our ‘“ World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products” BOBBINK & ATKINS Nurserymen, Florists and Planters RUTHERFORD, N. J. February, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 1 SHORT CUTS FOR POULTRY, KEEPERS \ By E. 1. FARRINGTON UCCESSFUL poultry keeping without work is impossible, but there ate many ways in which to make this work ~light. Most men and women who keep hens* dis- cover or invent various short cuts and some of them are of sufficient value to be passed along for the information and assistance of the whole army of amateurs. Take the matter of testing eggs after the incubator has been started or when sitting hens are being used to hatch out the next season’s flock. One man has dis- covered that this work can be greatly simplified by placing a board over the window in the cellar where his machines are operated, the board having a hole in the middle just a trifle smaller than a egg of average size. An hour when the sun is shining on the window is chosen, and by placing the eggs one after another over the opening in the board, their condition may be determined very rapidly. Of course the board shuts out all the light ex- cept what passes through the hole and through an egg when one is held against the opening. If a strip of black cotton cloth is tacked to the top of the board on the inside, it may be thrown over the head of the operator, so that this device may be used in a room with many windows and while it is filled with light, the cloth creating a sort of testing closet. If the window is a large one, a light frame covered with building paper may be used instead of a board. The originator of the scheme had a single win- dow at the end of an incubator cellar. Probably there are ten shed-roof poultry houses to one-of-a different design, for such houses are the easiest to build and in a general way are the most satisfactory for the amateur. If a shed-reof-house is low, however, it is very likely to be hot in Sum- mer, especially at the rear, where the fowls ordinarily roost. For that reason, one or more openings just under the eaves are of no little value, inducing cross ventilation and making the house much cooler. It is necessary to have hinged boards so ar- ranged that they may be closed tightly over the openings when Winter comes. Except in very cold sections of the coun- try, roosting closets are not desirable. These closets were first exploited by the Maine State Experiment Station, it will be remembered, and were widely used for a time, but have gradually been abandoned to a large extent. They are constructed by boxing in the roosts at the top and bottom and fitting a hinged frame covered with muslin over the front, the frames to be fastened to the roof save on cold nights. Sometimes stich devices can be used to ad- vantage in houses of the open-front type, but the tendency is to close them on nights when the fowls would he better off if they were left open. As a rule, a much better plan is to construct a muslin covered frame Those of good taste and judgment appreciate the difference between the Rauch & Lang Electrics and cars that are made in a hurry, There will always be buyers for the ordinary electrics—but so long as the Rauch & Lang remains so superior in quality —so excelling in correctness of appearance and equipment—it will be the choice of society —the car of social prestige. It has been the same since we first be- $92.50—Our Price for Next 30 Days! We now offer the Edwards “Steelcote’’ Garage (1913 Model), direct-from-factory, for $92.50. But to protect ourselves from advancing prices of steel, we set a time limit upon the offer. We guarantee this record price for 30 days only. Just now we can save you $35 or more. Edwards Fireproof GARAGE Quickly Set Up Any Place An artistic, fireproof steel structure for private use. Gives absolute protection from sneak thieves, joy riders, fire, light- ning, accidents, carelessness, etc. Saves $20 to $30 monthly in garage rent. Saves time, work, worry and trouble. omes ready co set up. ] parts cut “and fitted, Simple, complete directions furnished, Absolutely rust-proof. Jointsand seams permanently tight. Practically indestructible. Locks securely. Ample room for largest car and all Santo ene Made by one of the largest makers of portable fireproof buildings. Prompt, safe delivery and satisfaction guaranteed. Postal sent today brings new 56-page illustrated Garage Book by return mail. THE EDWARDS MANUFACTURING CO. 605-655 Eggleston Ave. Cincinnati, Ohio (90) SOCIETY’ S PREFERENCE IS INVARIABLY THE BEST THE RAUCH & LANG CARRIAGE COMPANY 2408 VVest Twenty-fifth Street tty 2, pe gan making vehicles—over 60 years ago. The coaches of royalty were no more correct in detail, according to their peri- ods, than the Rauch & Lang Electric of today. The owners of Rauch & Lang vehicles are invariably the most promi- nent in their respective communities. The extreme care bestowed on elec- trics bearing our name, restricts us to a limited production, Demonstration strictly by appointment. Agencies in all principal cities. leveland Sixth Citor Trial Four Months, over 400 pages. Ten Cents World’s Greatest Collector Magazine FOUNDED IN 1895 Ghe Philatelic West and > Collector’s World Superior. Nebraska, U.S.A. The oldest, largest monthly American Collectors’ Paper. 100 pages each issue, replete with interesting reading and advertising, illustrated, pertaining to Stamps, Curios, Coins, Postal Cards and Entire Covers, Old. Weapons and Pistols, Historical Discoveries, Minerals, Relics of all kinds, Old Books, etc. Over 3,600 pages issued in two years, An unimitated expensive meritorious feature is the publication in each number of illustra- tions of leading collectors and dealers of the world. 50 cents for 12 numbers; Foreign and Canada, $1or4s. Sample Free L. T. BRODSTONE, Publisher Superior, Nebraska, U.S.A. FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION! Ventilate your rooms, yet have your windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES Co. gece Manuractureres .»p. NEW HAVEN, CONN. ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1913 Sewage Disposal FOR COUNTRY HOMES STE rere Without Sewers Health and self-respect demand that dangerous, repul- sive cesspools, etc., must go. The Ashley System will provide scientific and safe sewage disposal at moderate cost. Write for illustrated Manual on Sewage Purifica- tion and Disposal for Country Homes. e also provide Sewage Disposal for Institutions, Schools, etc. cIHE? Ashley House-Sewage Disposal Co. 115 Armida Avenue, Morgan Park, III. Commonwealth Hotel Opposite State House, Boston, Mass. STORER F. CRAFTS, General Manager offers rooms with hot and cold water for $1.00 per day and up, which includes free use of Public shower baths. Nothing to equal this in New England. Rooms with private baths for $1.50 per day and up, suites of two rooms and bath for $4.00 per day and up. Dining rooms and cafe first class. European plan. ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF Strictly A Temperance Hotel Send for Booklet COMMONWEALTH HOTEL, Inc. woe PUMps ins CYLINDERS, ETC. Hay Unloading Tools Barn Door Hangers Write for Circulars and Prices F. EN MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O. Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works A Beautiful, Illustrated Book- let, “WHERE SUN DIALS ARE MADE,” sent upon DIAL request. Estimates furnished. Any Latitude Ask for Booklet No. 5 E.B. MEYROWITZ, 237 Fifth Ave., New York St. Paul, SUN Branches: New York, Minneapolis, London, _ Paris DWARF BABY RAMBLER ROSES Adapted and bred to HOUSE CULTURE; Bloom in doors in winter, and out doors all summer. White or Crimson 25 cents. 3 Hya eer ae varieties bloom Easter 15 cents. Delivered by PARCE prepai Rey Floral Company, Newburgh, N. Y. HILL’S EVERGREENS Make Homes Beautiful A little money, wisely invested in thrifty evergreens, transforms _an or- dinary place into one of rare beauty, taste, elegance. We are specialists, not only in growing but_ planning artistic effects. Established 56 years. Largest and choicest selection in America. Prices lowest—quality con- sidered. Don’t risk failure. H/7//’s Free Evergreen Book will help you, and our expert advice is free. rite i\ today for book illustrated in colors. D. HILL NURSERY CO., Inc. Evergreen Specialists 261 Cedar Street Dundee, Ill. or to use a board extending a foot or more below the hoof and a short distance in advance of the perches. In a_shed-roof house, you see, the warm air rising to the top, follows the line of the roof to the front, so that there is a constant flow of air up and then forward. Breaking the roof line in the way indicated helps to conserve the warmer air for the benefit of the birds on the perches. Egeg-eating is a bad habit—on the part of the hens, that is to say. Often it is contracted as a result of eggs being broken in the nests, and this breakage is very likely to follow placing the nests on the ground or locating several in a row with a walk along the front. When the nests are so arranged, the hens frequently quarrel for possession, for it is a curious fact that the nest which is occupied is the one coveted by the hen seeking a place in which to deposit her offering. If the nests are elevated a foot or more and made without a platform, the hens must either step in or fly down. One successful breeder uses large boxes open at one end and filled with hay. The boxes are so large that each will accommodate several hens at the same time, and it is seldom that a broken egg is found. Tew amateurs care to bother with trap nests and yet it is desirable to know which hens are laying the eggs and which are the drones. Now, as it happens, it is a safe guess that the hen which goes to roost night after night with a crop only partially full is not a profitable bird. Let the owner of a small flock step into his poultry house at night and pass along in front of his birds, feeling the crop of each as he walks along. When he finds a hen with a partially empty crop, while most of the others have crops made tight with grain, let him place a band on her leg. The whole operation will take but a few moments and should be _ re- peated the following week or even the next night and at frequent intervals thereafter. Then, when a hen with a band on her leg is found night after night with crop un- filled, the owner will be perfectly safe in removing her from the flock. He may feel certain that she is not laying. By using bands of different colors or with numbers on them, it is a simple matter to keep a record of each bird which is marked. It is not safe to say that a heavy feeder is cer- tainly a heavy layer, but by eliminating the hens which repeatedly go to roost with crops only partially filled, one is reason- ably certain to increase the efficiency of his flock as a whole. Every year more people are buying their chickens from the big hatching plants in- stead of raising their own . This j is an ad- mirable plan for a suburbanite with only a little land, for he has no occasion to bother with sitting hens and young chickens. It is a plan, indeed, which makes it possible for people to keep poultry who formerly supposed they did not have enough land for the purpose available. If pullets are pur- chased in the Fall and the hens sold or eaten the next Summer, early enough to allow the house to be thoroughly cleaned out before a new lot of pullets is installed, hens enough to provide eggs in abundance for the family table may be kept without having any outside runs whatever, the birds being confined to their houses all the time. Many people are finding this no-yard plan a real short cut to a generous egg supply with but little work, but hens kept in this intensive way should not be used.to. breed from, and preferably should not be kept a second season. Also, a deep litter should be kept in the house at all times and the whole or cracked grain thrown into this Poultry, Pet and Line Stork Dirertory Bob White Quail Partridges and Pheasants Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes. Fane ey Pheasants, Peaf. fowl, Swans, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of birds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist Dept. C YARDLEY. PA. Foxes, Squirrels, G. D. TILLEY Naturalist Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Ducks and Geese, Flamingoes, Game and Cage Birds. **Everything in the bird line from a anary to an Ostric. I am the oldest established and largest exclusive dealer in land and water birds in America and have on hand the most extensive Stock in the United States. G. D. TILLEY Box A, Darien, Conn. high class hunting, sporting, watch and or a e sete, puppies of all varieties a special n receipt of 10 cents we mad Hig descriptive illustrated egies which gives full information of highly breed of dogs, several breeds of cattle. sheep. swine, birds, rabbits, ferrets; price list of poultry and pigeons. CHAS. L. B. LANDIS Dept. 171 Reading, Pa. BATTELLI ART MARBLE CO., 11 W. 30th St., N. Y.C. Sun Dials Benches Pedestals Vases Tables Flower Boxes 66 59 FLOOR. VARNISH PRATT & LAMBERT VARNISHES Your floors and floor Also beautify your furniture by using Glass Onward Sliding Furniture and Piano Shoes in place of casters, Made in 110 styles and sizes. If your dealer will not supply you Write us-Onward Mfg. Co., Menasha, Wisconsin, U, S, A, Canadian Factory, Berlin, Ont. PROTECT coverings from injury. “ECONOMY” GAS For Cooking, Water Heating and Laundry Werk also for Lighting “‘It makes the house a home’’ Send stamp today for ‘Economy Way”’ Economy Gas MachineCo. ROCHESTER, N. Y. Sanitary and Not-Polsonous *“‘ Economy ” Gas 1s autmatic, February, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS lil eee litter so that the birds will be kept industri- ously scratching for what they eat in order to secure needed exercise. Not less than four square feet of floor space should be allowed for each hen and five is better. One fault to be found with some of the portable house makers is that they advertise their houses to accommodate more hens than really ought to be confined in them. When chickens of different sizes and ages are allowed to run together, the larger birds are likely to crowd the weaker stock away from the feeding dishes. They may easily be outwitted by placing feed dishes for the younger chicks in an old berry crate or a box similarly fashioned. The smaller chicks will be able to pass through the bars while the larger ones will be ex- cluded. li the slats are not sufficiently far apart, a few lathes may be tacked across them in the opposite direction. Many poultry keepers like to use V- shaped troughs with a handle running from end to end, but are bothered by having the chickens roost on this handle. This dif- ficulty is quickly remedied by putting the handle on a pivot in the form of a nail in each end, the nails working freely in holes in the ends of the trough. When a bird tries to roost on the handle, the latter simply revolves and dumps her off. One great secret of getting eggs is to keep the hens contented and happy. Table scraps run through a meat cutter or soaked up in meat liquor given at noon will go far to keep them in a contented state of mind. They love variety in food and espe- cially whatever is a departure from the regular menu of the poultry yard. The feeding of a few sunflower seeds, hemp seed, a little barley, Kaffir corn and millet helps to stimulate the appetite and gives a new zest to life, judging by the enthusiastic manner in which the birds scratch for them. It is not necessary, of course, to feed all these things. I am only making the point that an appeal to the appetite of the hen through the medium of variety is one of the easiest to induce and maintain a liberal production of eggs. It is a saving of both time and labor to have all the doors in the poultry house wide enough so that they will admit the passage of a wheelbarrow. Then the cleaning of the houses is wonderfully simplified. If the house now in use has narrow doors, it will be worth while perhaps to buy a small- sized barrow. It is a distinct advantage to have the doors between pens swing both ways or else to have a little projection at the bottoms so that they may be opened with the foot. RUBBER PLANT OIL FOR JAP- ANESE UMBRELLAS HE vegetable oil used in making paper umbrellas in Japan is pressed out of the seeds of the rubber plant. This oil is made in the various islands famous for oil and seeds from these plants. Sandy ground is favored for the cultivation of the plant and the oil is extracted from the seeds by presses. The yield of seeds is estimated at twenty bushels per acre. The annual pro- duction throughout Japan amounts to 350,000 bushels, from which over a gallon of oil per bushel is extracted. The oil be- fore it is used is boiled and then cooled until it can be applied by hand to umbrellas with a piece of cloth or waste. No ma- chinery or tools are used in applying the oil. When the oiling is completed the um- brellas are exposed in the sun for about five hours. This oil is also used in making the Japanese lanterns, artificial leather, printing ink, lacquer, varnishes, etc. Hodgson Portable Poultry Houses No. 0 Colony Laying House— Fitted complete with nests, fountain for 12 hens and feed trough. Sanitary —easily cleaned. One man can easily care for several hundred birds. Nicely painted—set up in fifteen minutes. A comfortable year-round house. In = stormy weather the run may be covered, giving a protected aerate ie room, Size, 10x4 ft., 5 ft. igh, WIGWARM Setting and Brood Coop f For a hen and her chicks and while she is sitting. Gives “. - . @&.¢e~ Protection from rats, 2°. SB * skunks, hawks, and other enemies. In- sures larger hatches —has proved its suc- cess for 22 years. Shipped knocked down—size, 2x4 ft., 2 ft. high. \ MARK. ¢ WR iy Lay WIGWARM Brocder Hot-water and hot-air heating combined gives perfect ventilation—no danger of overheating— 2 maintains even tem- perature regardless of cold outside. Used and endorsed by poultry experts and by experi- ment stations and such men as Dr. A. A. Brigham, Dr. N. W, Sanborn, Dr. P. T. Woods and Mr. A. F. Hunter. Size, 3x5 feet. Five-Section Poultry House— 10x50 ft. Sanitary, durable, up-to-date—made of red cedar, clap- boarded outside, interior sheathed. Made in 10-ft. sec- tions, each fitted with roosts, nests and fountain. Open fronts, with canvas-covered frames. You can add sec- tions at any time. Easily erected. First section, $75.00; additional sections, $60.00 each. OU can grow prize winning Chrysanthe- mum blooms like this pict- ure and giant carnations if you buy the young plants now. Grow on in pots or boxes until May, then plantin garden. We furnish 20 strong plants assorted, either or both, for $1.00 postpaid by Parcels Post. All colors known included. Or you can make the 20 up in part of other plants; heliotropes, marguerites, geraniums, double nasturtiums, ivies, icepinks and any bedding plant in general Cultural Directions included. ; HEH LTE HR CRETE Al HURGRGAREPTY J BREERERGERERG PREG tare HVTUERTTRANE . . is Book tells the results will be your inspiration and your guide in _—_—— 2 = of years of experimenting. SAameteR fo How ea plant, Seine aad Fe planting one. Nothing else like it printed. fruit and shade trees and vegeta- ||||\| It describes the splendid new, hardy Black- bles to the best advantage. berry Macatawa, with the largest berries It may save you hundreds known, Giant Himalaya Berry and many of dollars every year. others. Send today for free copy. Send tpai postpaid for 50 cents. A. MITTING, Berry Specialist FIELD FORCE PUMP Co. BERRYDALE EXPERIMENT GARDENS 104 Grand Ave. ELMIRA, N. Y. American Avenue, Holland, Michigan The Most Complete Nursery Stock in America -_ World renowned Fruit | | Trees, Vines and Plants ' and Ornamental Trees, | Shrubs,Evergreens, Flow- ers, Rosesand Hardy Plants. All perfectthrough scientific propagation and-expert cul- ture. Superb collections adapted to large or small gar- dens, private estates, public To DB, x parks and cemeteries. 73 years of leadership, based on absolute integrity. A world-wide patronage. Every specimen is true to species, is well rooted and Be AS] \ SAAN and shipped with utmost care. Both large and small orders receive close attention, and our reputation as- sures your satisfaction. Goods safely delivered in all parts of the world. ELLWANGER & BARRY Mount Hope Nurseries Box 23B, Rochester, N. Y. AN INVALUABLE FREE BOOK Write for a copy of our 73rd Annual Catalogue. It isa | standard guide in }/ all matters per- “ taining tolawn / and gardendec- | oration. ITIS . |) FREE. Just )’ mail us a |) postal,andwe '/ will send you , a copy at once. sturdily developed, and is packed There’s satisfaction in Planting Dahlias when you know they are true to name, and you are sure of being able to cut a bouquet every day —and sucha variety of color and form—results that are sure where you plant Bassett’s Superb Dahlias. Send $1.00 for the Grand New Decorative Dahlia Governor Wilson and 10 other varieties, all correctly labeled. Express to be paid by purchasers. Cultural Directions with every order. If you grow fruit send $1.00 for 12 Ranere Red Raspberry and get two crops every year. The earliest raspberry in cultivation, and con- tinues to bear until frost. $6.00 per 100. Address J. MURRAY BASSETT Packard Street Hammonton, N. J. iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS WHY LEAVES FALL FROM TREES O most people the fall of the leaves does not, apparently, excite much as- tonishment or curiosity. The leaves die, and hence fall; that is, says an exchange, all there is about it. But the scientist knows that the proceeding is a highly com- plex one. In the first place, preparations for the leaf-fall begin the minute the leaf is formed, and in many cases the leaf falls while yet fresh and green. In 1758 a botanist named Duhamel advanced the theory that the change was caused by the rupture of a thin-texture between the leaf and the stem. In the middle of the nine- teenth century there was _ discovered, traversing the leaf-stalk and touching the stem, a layer of cork tissue analogous to that of bark on the tree. It was recognized at once as interfering with the continuity between stem and leaf. The formation of this layer, however, is not general, and is not observed in certain ferns, in the beech tree, the poplar, and many others. Never- theless, this discovery furnished the key to the phenomenon. The leaf-stalk is formed of strata of cellular tissue. One of these strata hardens and tends to being absorbed, and consequently on one side or on both, the other strata gradually grow together. The leaf then adheres to the stem only by fibrous, woody tissue—that is to say, by a tissue to all intents and purposes dead. This is broken mechanically on the impulse of the wind or under the pressure of the weight of the stem, and makes the leaf fall. These organs have not in them the strength to sustain the cold during the Winter, and the tree dispenses with them. THE PINE TREES OF SPAIN N Spain, says the American Fruit and Nut Journal, particularly on the Medi- terranean side, the pino or pine tree is one of those most commonly noticed. Usually the trunks are more or less twisted, as they are often subjected to strong winds. The tops are close and compact and have every appearance of having been cut or pruned into shape. While the tops have not been pruned, it is true that all the side branches have been removed, only stubs being left to show where they once were. These branches are carried away for firewood—for wood is scarce in Spain (so far has deforestation been carried that there is practically no timber), and every twig is utilized. When matured, the cones or pifias are gathered for the seeds which they contain. These cones crack open on drying. Some- times they break open at most unexpected times. Once I had placed a pair of them on the mantle in my room. They had been there sometime when in the night I was awakened by a snapping, cracking noise. On striking a light, these sounds were found to emanate from one of the cones which was in process of opening. The seeds, when the covering is removed, are white, sweet and nutritious. They are used in the making of pine nut cake and in other ways. Unsually they are purchased ready for use either by weight or at so much per package. Some are exported and both the cones and the nuts may be secured in the New York market. In the western states the seeds of some pines are used, but are unimportant as an item in the markets. If America should become as densely populated as some parts of Europe, they would command more at- tention. The pine cones throughout southern Europe in Spain, France and Italy particularly, and are by no means an unimportant crop. are gathered SNOW - LADEN EVERGREENS IHESE wintry days when other vegetation has cast aside its graceful draperies, the Conifers in their uni- forms of beautiful green, stand vigilant, watchful, guarding for us pleasant memories of summers past, the pledge of bright days to come again. Evergreens, beauti- ful at all times, seem loveliest in the winter sunlight, covered with a mantle of snow, radiant with icy crystals. If you would enjoy the beauty of Evergreens, now is the time to inspect your grounds and order for spring planting, Surely you will find room for a few Evergreens or other ornamental trees or plants. In making your selection, remember that our 800 acres in nurseries enable us to meet your requirements to the fullest extent. 59 years of specializing on all that pertains to Horticulture accounts for our pre-eminence in this field. Our Land- scape Department. is well equipped for efficient service to customers. Water-color sketches, planting plans and full estimates furnished. Correspondence or personal interviews solicited. Don’t put this matter off until the tush of spring is upon us. : Full information furnished as to the best plans for commercial orchards, and the best fruits of all kinds for the home garden. Cata- logue or handbook of varieties, and instructions for planting, pruning and after-management on request. HOOPES BROS. & THOMAS COMPANY Dept. A, West Chester, Pa. Philadelphia Office, Room 202, Stephen Girard Building Strong — positive in ac- tion— pumps easily— stands firmly in pail— adjustable to any depth of pail. Keep a Douglas always ready for immedi- ate action. DOUGLAS SPRAY PUMPS are adaptable to scores of ses in house, barn, garden, orchard. This No. 259 (‘‘Aqua- pult”) is double acting—gives continu- ous stream 50 to 60 feet with straight nozzle. 81 years at pump making make us authorities on pump problems, Free Booklet describes this and sixteen other models with prices. Send for it now. Ask your dealer; if he has none we will supply you. W. & B. DOUGLAS © Pump Makers for 81 years 180 William St.. Middletown, Ct. “DREERSS = =< ; , SPECIAL CATALOGUE OF. * WAHLIAS << describing nearlye500 of the very — Re : ; seechoicest sorts-of all types, “..b@autifully illustrated, , COPIES FREE ON REQUEST HENRY. A. DRREER : yaa A February, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A WINTER RATION FOR POULTRY HERE are many good poultry ra- tions,” says the Southern A griculturist, “that can be used for the various grains and protein feeds can be combined in a number of different ways to produce practically the same results. The good poultryman usually feeds the cheaper grains where these fill the bill. For instance, oats make a very good poultry food rightly fed, but are so high some years that other grains can be fed in their place at a profit. How- ever, the ration must be well balanced, and there must be a liberal supply of protein foods as well as the more common fat- producing ones. Corn alone will not do. Here is a ration which has given very satisfactory results: Grain ration—Wheat two parts, cracked corn two parts, oats one part. Mash—Middlings six parts, corn meal six parts, bran three parts, linseed meal one part, alfalfa one part, beef scrap five parts. Green food—Mangels, cabbage, rape, etc. Proportions are given by weight. The grain should be fed lightly in the morning, with a heavier feed at night, and always in litter, so that the fowls will have to exercise to scratch it up. This is the object of using the cracked corn. The fowls gobble up the whole corn too easily. The mash may be left before the hens all the time or may be fed in troughs as a mid-day feed. Green stuffs is very essential where fowls cannot be put on pasture. Dry alfalfa contains nearly 15 per cent. pro- tein, which makes it better than other kinds of hay for poultry. The meal form is no better than fine-cut hay, and is even more likely to be adulterated. But no dry food of this kind can quite take the place of sprouted oats, or of roots or cabbage, even though the protein content may be higher. PANAMA PACIFIC EXPOSITION N an address delivered before the New York Electrical Society by John A. Brit- ton, some interesting information was given on the Panama Pacific Exposition. The de- velopment of the Exposition has progressed so far, Mr. Britton said, that the work is eight months ahead of schedule time. The first structure, the Administration Building, is almost complete. The founda- tion has been laid for the Machinery Hall, a structure over 600 feet long and 320 feet wide. Approximately 600 acres of land over the bay shore have been filled in. About 1,500 houses that covered the site have been bought, besides a number of manufactories. The streets of the Exposi- tion have been laid out. Already some 60,000 trees and shrubs have been planted. Soon 40,000 more will be set out. Thus far $16,000,000 has been raised, to which some $6,000,000 was contributed by the public of San Francisco, $5,000,000 given by the State and $5,000,000 by the City. When the doors of the Exposition are opened there will be no debts. The area covered by the Exposition will be 1,100 acres. On both sides, east and west, it will be flanked by the Government Reservation, to the extreme west by the Presidio, one of the most beautiful reserva- tions of the Government located anywhere. A strip of land along the shore of San Francisco has been given to the Exposition and a boulevard will be built from the Ex- position through the Presidio grounds to Golden Gate Park on the extreme western end of San Francisco. On the east the Exposition is flanked. by Fort Mason, an- other Government Reservation, and by the docks recently built by the Government at a very great expense. ois ND re ate cr & The Beauty of an Italian Garden Modernized by Concrete Even less pretentious country homes may now have the formal beauty of Italian gardens by an artistic use of con- crete in building terraces and balustrades, gateways, pergolas, peristyles, aquariums, sundials, sidewalks, flower vases, etc.., on the place. Concrete blends beautifully with the land- scape, as did the marble and stone of an earlier period. It is also fireproof and everlasting, requires no upkeep; never looks old and shabby from time and exposure. For best results, use PORTLAND UNIVERSAL cement We invite inquiries for booklets and assistance ir. planning and executing concrete work. Write us for information on any subject relating to the use of cement. The following free booklets are full of interest and information: Concrete Silos Concrete Surfaces Smali Farm Buildings of Concrete UNIVERSAL PORTLAND CEMENT CO Oo Oo MINNEAPOLIS - PLANTS AT CHICAGO AND PITTSBURGH 72 WEST ADAMS STREET a ie ve - SECURITY BANK BUILDING Concrete Sidewalks | Concrete in the Country | | | | FRICK BUILDING ANNUAL OUTPUT 12,000,000 BARRELS is just the kind of fertilizer every garden enthusiast will It is highly concentrated, clean. odor- less plant food, which doubles and triples production— warmly welcome. it means More Fruit—Finer Vegetables——Beautiful Velvety Lawns—Luxuriant Flower Gardens Used according to directions, 5 pounds is enough to treat 500 feet of lawn, vegetable or flower garden; or 300 feet 00 plants in four-inch pots; or 130 rose young hedge: or 3 bushes—anda 5-lb. BAG will be sent you (any address in the U.S.) express prepaid, for $1.00; a 100-lb. BAG (to any address east of the Mississippi River, freight prepaid, for $5.00. Send in your order today, and get our valuable, free booklets which tell you how others achieved—how YOU canachieve— wonderful success with ““‘U-TREE-T-ME.” THE PLANT & LAND FOOD CO. Baltimore, Md. 202 N. Garrison Lane Know Before You Plant That Your Trees and Shrubs Will Bloom As You Expect Shrewd people buy merchandise from established houses—houses that willbein business when'they need service. Why shouldnota planter buy his Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses, Bulbs and Seeds with the same precaution? How disappointing it is when your trees or shrubs haveleaved out to find something you did not order—something you do not want. Have you ever had this experience? Don’t take any risk when ordering. Buy direct of the producer and at first cost. Wehave areputation at stake. Have been in business 59 years and expect to continue indefinitely. You always know where to find us. 47 168-page FREE Write for it today. It’s Greenhouses, 1,200 Acres, Catalog interesting and valuable. THE STORRS & HARRISON CO., 73 Painesville, 0. Lawns that are distinctive; that show early and late and all of the time that they are different; lawns of wonderful texture; a rich green, velvety carpet out of doors; such lawns are made with KALAKA FERTILIZED GRASS SEED _ Expert blending of purest seeds of choice lawn grasses in combination with specially prepared natural fertil- izer insures best distribution and quick, strong germination. Kalaka in 5 lb. boxes at $1.00 express prepaid East or $1.25 West of Omaha. Special prices for quantities of 50 lbs. and over. Order today. “How to Make a Lawn,”’ Free Booklet valuable to every Jawn maker, sent free if you mention your dealer. THE KALAKA CO., 1110 W. 35th Street, Chicago vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1913 Coldwell : Demountable Cutters 2 The Newest Feature in Horse and Putting Green Mowers Two or more cutters go with each machine. Change them like the blades of a safety razor. One cutter can be taken out and another put in in less than a minute. Think how handy whenever blades need sharpening or other repairs. No waste of time and money sending the whole mower to the shop. Write at once for full description and prices, and we will give you the address of the nearest dealer who can show you the Coldwell line of Motor, Horse and Hand Lawn Mowers COLDWELL LAWN MOWER CO. NEWBURGH, NEW YORK Philadelphia Chicago Note the large carrying wheels of the hand mower, for taking it from place to place. It cuts fine and close, and is the lightest draft lawn mower ever Brand Sheep Manur Dried and Pulverize SS f 6 Se fi Ha, et Landscape Gardening Everyone interested in suburban and country life should know about the home study courses in Horticulture, Floriculture, Landscape Gardening, etc., which we offer under Prof. Craig and others of the Department of Horticulture of Cornell niversity, 250-page Catalogue Free Garden Furniture Including Benches, Chairs, Tables, Arbors Treillage, Pergolas, etc., in painted and rustic. Catalog of many designs on request. North Shore Ferneries Company Beverley, Massachusetts Designers and Makers of Garden Accessories Prof. Craig THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. A. H. Springfield, Mass. Write to-day | BIRDS AND LIGHTHOUSES WRITER in the Paris Liberté furn- ishes some striking figures concerning the havoc wrought among migrating birds by big lighthouses. The lighthouse on the Pointe de Penmarch, in Britanny, has a revolving light of thirty-million candle- power. Visiting this on November 10 last year, and again on the 12th, the observer saw tens of thousands of birds whirling round, and it seemed to him that the light shot out a perfect hail of electric sparks among the migrants. Next morning he was present while the dead bodies were being collected. They are dispatched every day to Paris by train, and the “catch,” he was told, often comprised from 2,000 to 4,000 victims ; one morning alone there had been more than 500 woodcock in the “bag.” On the two mornings he was present, there were only a score of woodcock the first day, but on the second the ground was littered with from 600 to 1,000 victims, chiefly blackbirds, ducks, woodcock, thrushes, and golden plovers. Another offender is the lighthouse on Belle Le, off the south coast of Brittany. On two dark nights last November, with an east wind blowing, this light caused the death of 3,200 birds, in- cluding curlews, thrushes, snipe, starlings, over 100 woodcock, and some sparrows and quails. Thirdly, the Piler Lighthouse kills every season some 700 woodcock. An old sportsman of Normandy declares that round the lighthouse of Barfleur last November there were picked up in the course of four nights 10,000 birds of all sorts, including 1,800 woodcock. The de- struction of bird life by the hundreds of lighthouses elsewhere can only be imagined. THE DANGER OF LYING IN BED ACK of muscular exercise, says Har- per’s Weekly, is the first result of lying in bed. As a result the appetite is weak- ened, the digestive action slows down, and the muscles of the stomach and abdomen cease to act upon the intestinal mass. When the body is in a recumbent position the heart works with the least expenditure of effort and the least fatigue, and the cir- culation and the functional activity are de- creased. But unless the subject is exceptionally vigorous all the benefits are counterbal- anced by dangers. In bed, the subject is shut away from fresh air and sunlight. The result of that deprivation is a condi- tion similar to anemia. But the supreme menace to the weak or the aged confined to bed is the clogging of the pulmonary circulation, an action which frequently re- sults in passive congestion of both sides of the lungs. For this reason the simple fracture of a bone may be the cause of death, because when the patient lies in bed there is no movement of the muscles to act as an incentive to deep breathing. HOW TO KILL WILLOW TREES ILLOW trees which persist in places where their growth is disadvantage- ous to their surroundings may be killed by removing the soil from the roots, then bor- ing holes into the base of the trunk and the main roots, and filling them with ordinary salt. Holes one inch in diameter are satis- factory. By watering the trees with a poisonous liquid, such as weed killer, the trees may be killed quickly; but the sur- rounding ground would be unfit for further vegetation for a considerable period, while the deleterious effect of the salt would soon ~ disappear. Ae February, 1913 THE FLOATING FARMS OF CHINA CCORDING to an exchange, like the .wood merchants of northern Russia, who carry their wood on great raits, to Nijni-Novgorod, Kazan, and Astra- kan, the tarmers of the upper and cen- tral regions along the Yang-ste-Kiang construct raits covering as much as two acres of surface, and on the rafts they establish farms where produce grows. On these great floating farms are habitations for the men and stables for the animals, pig-pens, feed-barns, and storehouses well stocked with provisions. The voyage to market is often one thousand miles, and to employ their time on the slow journey the dwellers on the rafts make baskets and many objects of household use. Ar- rived at their destination, they sell their produce, take apart and sell the rafts, and return to their homes by the ways used by ordinary travelers. COLORED MOVING PICTURES HE popularity of moving pictures has ee died investigations in color pho- tography. It was agreed, says a writer in Harper's Weekly, that the public would never be satisfied until scenery and action is depicted in all the colors of life. To supply this demand many films were colored by hand. This method was not only laborious, but was not true to life. While color photography was being studied, there was suddenly put on ex- hibition a process that is as remarkable as the moving picture itself, its effectiveness being based on the same principle. In the moving picture, a succession of views, taken at the briefest intervals, and flashed upon a screen, is presented to the eye as more or less gradual motion, accord- ing to the number of projections per second. The same idea is used in the color display. In its simplest performance, the process is as follows: The spectrum— with range of colors from white through yellow, orange, red, green, blue, violet, and indigo to black—is separated into two divisions; orange-red and_ green-blue. What the spectator would see, if the film were moved slowly, would be first an orange-red picture and then a green-blue one. When the film moves rapidly, the illusion is a scene in all the colors of the spectrum, as produced by orange-red and green-blue and their combinations. This is because of what is known as the per- sistence of vision, an optical phenomenon that is thus played upon to produce the illusion of color as well as motion. However, the film itself is not colored. It looks like the ordinary film consisting of blacks, whites and grays. It is not pro- duced in the usual way, however. In taking the pictures, gelatine color-filters are moved before the film simultaneously with the instantaneous exposures. One snapshot is taken through the red filter, and the next through the green. The negatives (or the positives, as they must be for exhibition purposes) contain the scene with the color values filtered alternately through red and green. When the pictures are projected on the exhibi- tion screen, another disk of colored gela- tine rotates before the film simultaneously with each picture. The color values in blacks, whites and grays that the filter originally allowed to pass to the film are now flashed back from the film, through the rotating colored disc. The result is a portrayal of motion and color, with some unnatural effects, it must be admitted, as to brilliancy of hue, yet splendid and thor- oughly pleasing. Have Spring when you want it. 943 EAST BROADWAY Start with the largest stock that can be secured! AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Expert Rose Advice — FREE Our new Rose Book is undisputed authority on selecting. plant- ing, pruning and cultivating the Queen of Flowers. Compiled by our president, who was sole American Judge at the International Rose Exhibition, Paris, 1911; and by our vice-president, Ameri- ca’s premier rose propagator. It lists the 360 Best Roses for America, shows 11 leaders in natural colors and 85 others photographed. It also contains a complete Rose Lover's Calen- dar of operations and our liberal FREE DELIVERY OFFER. This Rose Book proves the high quality of CONARD & JONES ROSES —Guaranteed to bloom Well developed, healthy bushes, all grown on their own roots in our perfect rose soil. Guaranteed true to name and species. Standard varieties and tested novelties for every purpose. Also oddities—green rose, blue rose, ten-colored rose, tree roses, hardy moss roses, variegated roses. Write a postal today for free Rose Book. THE CONARD & JONES CO., Box 52, West Grove, Pa. Anenchantinglylovely, new hardy Rose Specialists—50 years’ experience climber. Insect-proof foliage. LINED Since 1847 The firm of Peter Henderson & Co. was founded in 1847 and the 66 years of successful seed-raising and selling that is behind every package of Henderson’s seeds must and does make them the best that it is possi- ble to buy. In your grandfather’s day, Henderson’s was the standard by which other seeds were judged and the same condition exists in 1913. Our methods of seed-testing which were the best three generations ago have been improved upon from year to year and are to-day still the best. The unknown quantity in your garden is the quality of the seeds you plant and you cannot be too careful in seeing that you obtain the best procurable. The most critical of all planters in the choice of their seeds are the market-gardeners or truck-farmers. Perhaps the best en- dorsement of the quality of Henderson’s seeds is the fact that Peter Henderson & Co. supply a larger number of professional growers than any two-seed houses in the world. The very existence oi these men depends upon their receiving the best quality of seeds. That Peter Henderson & Co. are easily preémi- nent in the professional growing field is the best endorse- ment of Henderson’s seeds that can be given. Henderson’s seeds are tested seeds. Special Offer Our 1913 catalogue, “Everything for the Garden,” a book of 209 pages, over 800 illustrations, color plates, etc., will be mailed on receipt of 10 cents. In addition, we will send without extra charge, our new book, “Garden Guide and Record,” and our collection of 6 Henderson Specialties, in a coupon envelope which will be accepted as 25 cents cash payment on any order of one dollar or over. Peter Henderson & Co. 35-37 Cortlandt Street New York GET THEM NOW. q you can grow. Your flowers and vegetables will be are your own achievement ! Sunlights Eliminate the Drudgery air space, keeps the bed bright by day and warm by night and does away with the labor of using heavy boards or shutters. The sash are complete in themselves. Get them now. Our catalog sent free, For 4c we will also send you Prof. Massey’s book on hot-beds. Grow fresh vegetables for your table and to sell. SUNLIGHT DOUBLE GLASS SASH CO. LOUISVILLE, KY. Plant for Immediate Effect Not for Future Generations It takes many years to grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer. We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give an immediate effect. Price List gives complete information. ANDORRA: NURSERIES 2 p,CHESTNUZ HILL N PHILADELPHIA, PA. WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor Have it NOW! All you need is a plot in your garden covered = ner with Sunlight Double Glass Sash. You will be surprised to see what fine, strong plants six weeks ahead of the season. And, how much better they are when not commonplace—when they When the hot-bed is made, planted and covered with the double-layered glass the hard work ends. Thereafter lettuce, radishes, onions and greens are growing ready to eat; and such plants as cabbage, cauli- flower, beet, tomato, pepper, cucumber and melon, in order, are growing ready for the early field. Tbe double glass, enclosing a non-conducting viii : AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1913 © =, &S Announcement: ee comer | cea ey] VERY reader of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, whether a subscriber or not, is invited to consult the Editor of the new COLLECTORS’ DEPARTMENT on all subjects connected with their favorite hobbies. If you have any object of interest to collectors about which you desire information, a letter enclosing a stamp will bring a reply from 00£3000 z > this Department of the Magazine. Readers who have antiques and curios for exchange are invited to send lists of such objects for publica- tion in the Collectors’ exchange department. Lord Brougham once said; “Blessed is he who hath a hobby,” and thrice blessed indeed is the man whose hobby has to do with the beautifying of the home, the adornment 00€ 00 0043000 c00€}00 ee Cf of it with objects of association such as the Collector loves to bring to- RAE gether. The following are some of the subjects that will receive atten- tion in the COLLECTORS’ DEPARTMENT of AMERICAN HOMES: ANTIQUES FURNITURE LACES ARMS AND ARMOR GLASS MINIATURES AUTOGRAPHS ETCHINGS, ENGRAVINGS AND PRINTS PAINTINGS BOOKS AND BINDINGS COINS AND MEDALS POTTERY AND PORCELAIN BRASS EMBROIDERIES PEWTER BRONZE ILLUMINATION IRUGS CARVING IVORIES SILVER COPPER JEWELRY (\TAPESTRIES AND TEXTILES The COLLECTORS’ DEPARTMENT wishes to come in touch with all collectors in America, and with this in mind readers who are C« LR) GY S interested in collecting are invited to fill out, detach and mail the coupon @. 3 below to the Editor. This coupon will then be placed on file and from time to time announcements of special interest will be mailed to those whose names have been sent in. 20) ae THE EDITOR THE COLLECTORS’ DEPARTMENT AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS MUNN ®& CO., INC., PUBLISHERS 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK I am interested in Collecting, espectally in the following sulyects : SS] wy 3G aon, ess CT} _———IJa:- 00-£3000 (35 0043000 c00€}00 Sesa 0.050) CRBS Poy 3 VS —— x PEER? 7S f Ob == eO February, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 7 ix on OST te 4 THE COLLECTORS’ DEPARTMENT AND AMERICAN HOMES FOR MARCH a oN EADERS of this magazine have shown great intérest in the announcement of the new ‘Collectors’ Depart? ment” which appeared in the January issue. ‘The Editor has received many letters in evidence of the enthusiasm with which the idea has been received. Sev- eral magazines, it is true, have in times past printed various excellent articles on subjects of interest to collectors, but it has remained for AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS to initiate a practical and wide-embracing department that will be of interest to collectors in America. Lord Brougham once said, ‘“‘Blessed is he who hath a hobby,” but thrice blessed is the man or woman whose hobby is connected with the development of the home. The true collector is one in whom the interest in things of beauty, of historic association or things that record the consummate skill of human craftsmanship is an un- flagging interest. It is not necessary that because one collects old china, old furniture, old laces, miniatures or anything of the sort, that the pursuit leads to the turning of one’s home into a museum. Nor does it mean that one must collect extensively to enjoy the pleasures to be found in the pursuit. Knowing about things always makes life more interesting, and knowing something of the his- tory and the romance of old china, old furniture, old silver, old prints, or anything of the sort, makes those things infinitely more precious to us when we come across them unawares, discover them in our attics, or see them in the homes of our friends. Antiques and curios have a fascination peculiarly their own as they are in themselves veritable historic records and do more than almost any- thing else to reconstruct for us the picture of progress through the ages. Readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, whether subscribers or not, are invited to co- operate with the Editor in making the new ‘Collectors’ Department” of value and interest to all. HE March number of AMERICAN HoMEs will be the Annual Spring Gardening Number. This issue will be one of the most attractive yet published. The gen- eral plan of this number takes into account the interest of readers in practical garden articles that suggest garden- ing within the means of the limited income. HE opening article will take into consideration the subject of The Flower Garden. This will contain a planting table of Annuals and Perennials so arranged that it will be of prime value to the garden maker. AMER- IcCAN Homes seeks in its garden illustrations to show the relationship of the garden to the house rather than merely floral pictures. HE description of a Cleveland, Ohio, house will con- stitute a one-page feature, and this will be illustrated with photographic reproductions of exteriors and by draw- ings of floor plans. MERICAN Homes recently offered $10 for the best ER apticke submitted by one of its readers on the subject of a garden. The one chosen as having the most merit was that of Mr. F. F. Spanglar of Zanesville, Ohio, and three wD THE EDITOR’S NOTEBOOK J ¥ pages in the March issue will be devoted to his description, which will be called ‘“The Story of My Garden,” illustrated with attractive photographs. An interesting eastern house, «.the residence of Mr. A. K. Briggs of Jamestown, New York, designed by E. G. W. Dietrich, will also be shown. “7-7 ARLY AMERICAN SILVER” will be the title of one of the articles in the new ‘Collectors’ Depart- ment.’ This will be beautifully illustrated with reproduc- tions from photographs of silverware by Paul Revere and other early American craftsmen. Another article in the “Collectors’ Department” will take up the subject of “Tobies.”” Excellent illustrations will also accompany this. HE double-page feature for the March number will consist of an arrangement of eight especially attractive photographs of garden nooks, which will suggest what may be done in a small way in home landscape gardening. R. F. F. ROCKWELL, the well-known authority on horticulture, will contribute an excellent practical article, accompanied by planting tables, on the subject of “The All-Summer Vegetable Garden.” The usual depart- ments, of ‘“The Collectors’ Department,” ‘Within the House,” ‘Around the Garden” and “Helps to the House- wife’’ will be included in this issue. ee THE SCHOOL ART LEAGUE es OME stoic souls hold that taste cannot be taught. For- tunately, however, for the coming generation there are warm hearted and warm blooded teachers who have al- ready given proof that the child brought into contact with fine pictures and with questions of design concerning dress, the home, and the architecture of his town may be made keenly sensitive to what makes for wise choice between patterns bad and good. This wise choosing is taste; for taste is nothing but choice between things better or poorer in design. The schools of our country are all helping more or less, in this wise teaching, and many of the school systems have attracted to their aid ardent friends. In New York city a large and active society, the School Art League, is helping in a score of ways to further this ra- tional scheme of art training. John W. Alexander is presi- dent, and a dozen other foremost artists are connected with its board of management while many others are asso- ciated in its membership with some hundreds of teachers in the schools. Nearly five thousand children attended the various meetings held by the League during the past year in the Metropolitan Museum and at the great art exhibi- tions held through the Winter. Pictures were hung by the association in many classrooms and medals were given for fine craftsmenship in every one of the two hundred school workshops of the City. To aid and foster talent, the League has established industrial art scholarships; through these, a number of the more gifted pupils of the high schools are being trained in post-graduate courses to be skilled designers. Through many committees the League touches the art work of the City schools at a dozen points; it has become at once a stimulus and an aid to practical art teaching in its five hundred buildings. To Miss Florence N. Levy, the society’s secretary, is due the greatest praise for her indefatigable efforts to make this movement practical. x : AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1913 STUCES most durable stucco, says the London Builder, is obtained when cement is employed, but the trouble lies in the fact that cement sets quickly, much more quickly than lime, and cracks are Save Half Your Paint Bill HE Save Half Your Labor Bill by using Cabot’s Creosote Stains Paint costs more than ever before, and is poorer in quality. These stains cost half as much and can be put on twice as liable to appear. hee however, just—with guicklv, halving the labor cost. They are infinitely softer, ; 4 richer and Ere es ie aac colouns soere and are the accent on the word just—sufficient of dapted f i , siding, boards, and other exterior © , : ‘ . Pondwork. Made SE Creosote “ the best wood preservative each ingredient 1S used, and neither too Roewe mead the strongest and finest fast colors, ground in little nor yet too much water is added, a inseed oil. ae, 4 You can get Cabot’s Stains all over the country. stucco can be produced that 1S far superior Send for free samples of stained wood. to any other in weathering powers. If an 2 = SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Mfg. Chemists excess of water is employed the plaster will bb, Architect, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 131 Milk Street Boston, Mass. not cling properly to the wall ; yet, on the Stained with Cabol's Shiugle Stains ; ¢ ous sia = est - other hand, if too little be used, the cement plaster will dry so quickly that cracks are certain to result. Again, if too much cement is used cracks are liable to appear. Dryness in any form results in cracks, which in some cases are so fine as not to be discernible except by close inspection. These cracks will in time admit moisture, rain bearing sulphur and ammonia, which will in time break down the protective coy- ering, and the stucco will fall away, either by disintegration or peeling. One essential, therefore, to good work is that the plaster must not lose its damp- ness too rapidly, and this can be done by New Edition—Just Published keeping the surface wetted or by way of damp cloths hung in front of the wall. It is also necessary to prevent the water in The New Building Estimator the cement being absorbed by the _ brick- work on which it rests, and this can be By WILLIAM ARTHUR No. 1. COTTAGE DESIGNS 4 Twenty-fiv. lesigns ing in cos ottage Designs =" No. 2. LOW-COST HOUSES Upward of twenty-five designs, costing By far the most complete collection of plans from $1,000 to $3,000. ever brought out. Illustrated with full-page No.3: MODERN DWELLINGS Twenty designs, at costs ranging from plates. One dollar each. Sold separately. $7,600 t0 $7,000. 2,800 to $7,000. No. 4. SUBURBAN HOMES MUNN @ CO, INC, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK — went, tected designs, costing from done by previously well wetting the brick- work, ; ; ‘ : To make a good weather resistant, the A practical guide to estimating the cost of labor stucco must hevdense. Tee nee and material in building construction from excavation tained by mixing the concrete stibb, and yet to finish, with various practical examples of work contain the necessary water to prevent presented in detail and with labor figured chiefly in rapid drying, which will allow the plasterer hours and quantities. to work rapidly. A very thorough mixing : : ill accomplish this. Troweling the sur- A handbook for architects, builders, contractors, ie are aa Wa Vengutee Eat coniae appraisers, engineers, superintendents and draftsmen. though by this means density is accom- The eleventh revised and enlarged edition, just pee ee mea be the wei published, has been reset throughout and _ gives of cracks when dry, which 1sito betes : 2 ; Troweling brings the water to the surface, the latest prices. It contains 50% more matter than and the work is liable to dry too rapidly. the previous edition. The proportions of the various materials Bumping EST Price $3.00 iad used is debatable. Whether the first or Size—5 x 7 inches Ice ‘ Postpat last coat should contain the most cement 744 pages. Illustrated. has to be considered from two points. The Flexible Leather. MUNN & CO., Inc. first coat, it is argued by some, should be Gilt Edges. 361 Broadway New York, N. Y. the one containing the greatest percentage of cement, as it has to bind to the wall and support the outer coats. On the other hand, the last coat is the one attacked by the weather, therefore it should have the greater amount of cement is argued by others. Unfortunately, the greater the per- centage of cement there is all the more tendency to crack, and unless great care is exercised a high percentage of cement is . BGG! ie likely to produce this undesirable result. indisncreable 1\F ween nv wees A medium percentage is therefore the best guide to an ideal A ' in the long run. Thus the coats—three are bee, BE Peeled \\\i a i i/BUNGALOW recommended, as two coat work is little Tene are Sete sn thnlits Les more than one half inch thick—may be up in detail the construction, de- Dee composed of one Portland cement to two coration and furnishing of real ——— MAG A Z\ N E of clean, sharp sand. This for the first two Bungalow Homes. Profusely il- : Ae ee coats. The finishing coat may be composed to) lustrated with splendid phot h DECEMBER Pie aencae MEsL aa Wanweleee Coe : of Portland cement, sand, and clean, sharp struction including exteriors, interiors, plans and diagrams handsomely printed on tinted paper. Comes shingle. As the cement is liable to expand to the reader each month witha wealth of information and helpfulness. It will save you many times during wetting and contract while drying . its cost fora whole year. It will save you disappointment when the last piece of turniture hasbeen the precautions previousl mentioned placed and your dream has become a reality. Full working drawings, specifications and complete ould t if Li Sie ¢ A bill of material for one bungalow each month with plenty of photographs of same and a dependable snou e taken. ime stucco 1s prererre estimate of its cost, is an invaluable feature, unique in the publishing field. It is pleasing and by some, because it is not liable to this helping thousands of others now engaged in the fruition of a life’s work—the building of a real trouble. home. IT’ WILL PLEASE YOU. The sand and shingle must be sharp. Don’t send any money, simply sign, cut out and mail the coupon today. ‘BUNGALOW PUBLISHING COMPANY 421 Leary Building, Seattle, Washington Many a failure is due to the non- SSS SS observance of this. Earthy matter or organic substances not only chemically Bungalow Publishing Co., Inc., Seattle, Washington Please enter my subscription for ‘ Bungalow Magazine"’ for one year. : a & If 1 do not notify you to the contrary, I will remit $2.00 within thirty \days, otherwise no expense to attach to me. combine with the cement and break down the stucco, but they prevent the cement from mechanically joining with the sand and shingle. Seales! 04 f Saat x U AER Y.: ee aN Te / e GO NEEN ES BOR FEBR f eae A FARMHOUSE BY THE ROADSIDE ...g. Frontispiece _ 7? “ THe RESTORATION OF AN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY FARMHOUSE.....By Mary-H. Northend .....By Edgar Nesbitt By Harold Donaldson Eberlein By William T. Phillips MAKING FRIENDS WITH THE BIRDS......... Fox Hitt FARMHOUSE AT RADNOR “SHORE Rocks” THE PROPER PLACING OF WINDOWS AND THE DESIGN OF THE CASINGS CoLLectors’ DEPARTMENT: Old Pewter By Helen N. Harrod By Henry F. Leighton Tue House TELEPHONE By Henry Putnam Lewis WITHIN THE House: The Gentle Art of Doing Without By Harry Martin Yeomans AROUND THE GARDEN: February and the Garden Starting Plants Indoors HELPs TO THE HOUSEWIFE: The Setting of the Table CoLLectors’ DEPARTMENT FREDERICK CONVERS® BEACH President M U N N & CGO. ; I nc. Secretary and Treasurer Publishers 361 Broadway, New York Published Monthly. Subscription Rates: United States, $3.00 a year; Canada, $3.50 a year. Foreign Countries, $4.00 a year. Single Copies 25 cents. Combined Subscription Rate for “American Homes and Gardens” and the “Scientific American,” $5.00 a year. Copyright 1913 by M &Co.,Inc. Registered in United States Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under aes Act etek of March 3, 1879, Tie Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but ‘‘ American Homes and Gardens” will not fold itself responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitted Photograph by Mary H. Northend i=] f=] C7) ro o = = —] 79) o Ss pre o _ oS o << o << -— = (e) o tie) ra om) — oO = o ae lets) wn o =) (>) < sj x 2 _— = o (3) sj a oo oO wo (o) aa) = n = -_ o wn = So S| =) °o i=} o > -Q eo Oo "oe Ss a we o ao) w Oo Co o = o << — > -Q = oo & — > & wn co S oS — D o an =} o << & =) ss) ae te << om AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Restoration of an Eighteenth By Mary H. Northend ; > yD @ Photographs by the Author few miles outside of Boston, Bain one of its suburbs. Within the last few years, this country locality has been opened up by the building of many new Summer homes, and here and there along the charming wood- land roads, one finds beautiful private estates, intermingled with the remodeled farmhouses which are so popular to-day. One of these farmhouses is on the left-hand side of the road coming from Dover. It stands invitingly by the roadside, shaded by enormous elms whose graceful branches give relief from the heat of the sun during the Summer months, and suggests to passers-by a typical eighteenth cen- tury farmhouse ingeniously remodeled into a twentieth cen- tury Summer home, the ell reflecting most, the old and new. tue ca Wa ce Built j in 1647, the lines of the old farmhouse have been carefully kept, Built in eas, the Fines of the old farmhouse have been carefully kept'by its present owner, Mr. Frederic H. Cur- tis, while additions have. been made by the building of ells and verandas, so picturesquely introduced that they increase rather than detract from the architectural value of the house. The remodeling: of this house was from plans drawn by Philip B. Howard, architect, and F. M. Wake- field, architect, of Boston. As it originally stood, the structure was painted red with white trim. It had a small porch at the front, which was, however, an addition made many years after the house was built. ‘The situation was most attractive, for on either side of the winding country road are more of the wide-spreading elms which stand like sentinels guarding the old homestead, while flowering shrubs which are planted here and there around the house add their touch of color. The grounds are extensive, lying on vere ar MONE EES while additions eed been ae by the building of ells and verandas 40 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS both sides of the road, and they are en- closed by a stone wall. The farmhouse itself is half way between the boundary lines of the estate. At the left, entrance is given through a wide gate painted green, that leads over grass lands to the meadows beyond. February, 1913 picturesque and the practical, for behind a hedge, a border of flowers has been itnroduced. This supplies the house with flowers for table and other deco- rative uses, and also keeps the grass from creeping into the vegetable garden. Large barns for the storage of hay In front of the house there is a sec- ond gate, a picturesque rustic affair, which opens onto a brick walk leading to the entrance porch. ‘This walk is bordered on either side by flowers, be- yond which are shade trees and stretches of wide green lawns that slope into meadow land at the rear. The grounds are dotted with small artistic outbuild- ings which are used for supplying water power, storing tools and garden imple- ments, etc. In early years, when the house was first built, there stood on the grounds an old cider mill and a black- smith’s shop, both of which were used up to within a half a century ago; but, since their purchase by the present owner, these have disappeared. The house has been painted a pretty shade of buff, and with the green blinds gives a good effect. The blinds, which are in reality wooden shutters, have had diamond panes cut at the top, which not only give light, when closed, but lend a. distinctive touch to the exterior. ‘The dark green of evergreen trees behind the house makes a fitting background for this charming picture. The garden proper lies on the opposite side of the road. In his landscape gardening the owner has intermingled the First floor plan are mde attractive by a setting of trel- lises which in the Fall are loaded with great bunches of ripening grapes. Be- tween the evergreen woods and the road is a fine apple orchard, which has been supplemented since the purchase of the estate by young trees which are just com- ing into bearing. The seclusion of this ideal Summer house is not broken by neighboring houses, which are, however, close enough at hand to prevent loneliness, but are hidden by the winding of the road and seen, surrounded by their green lawns and beautiful gardens, as one drives leisurely along the shaded country road in this pretty suburban locality. The porch at the front of the house has been altered, and to-day shows one of Colonial type, supported by plain, solid columns with inside wooden settles, and, on either side, lattices over which have been trained clambering vines. These give glimpses at one side of the old-time oval win- dows, like those found in closed porches at Salem, Massa- chusetts, and which mark the period of Colonial prosperity of the town. At the right of the house, the lawn is a gentle slope, and entrance at this side is through a little Colonial PIAZZA A feature of the dining-room is the large old-fashioned fireplace with its pewter ornaments February, 1913 door which has been inserted and which opens into an outdoor veranda. On the opposite side of the house, an over- hang allows for a glassed-in sun parlor which is used generally as a breakfast room. Both the veranda and the break- fast room have brick-tiled floors. The house, as it originally stood, had four rooms and a hall. The latter has been left untouched, no change having been made in the narrow staircase with its two sharp turns that lead to the sec- ond story. The hangings of the hall are reproductions of the old-time paper, showing soft gray coloring and land- scape effects. At the right of the hall is the long living-room. Here the original fireplace has been retained, while the room has been lengthened and widened by the taking in of a small room which was used originally as a dining-room. The stud, which is six feet eight inches high, is in keeping with the rest of the house. When it was first purchased the beams had been all incased, but they are now left exposed, showing the hand-hewn surfaces. The walls were in very bad condition, being papered sometimes ten thicknesses deep. These have now been given a coloring of natural burlap, the soft tinting of which is in perfect harmony with the other features of this room. The same board floor has been retained, and the rugs show simplicity and good taste. The furniture is all of Colonial period, covered with Summer dress of chintz. Second floor plan AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 41 The windows are hung with curtains of scrim, and on the old-fashioned window sills, which are about nine inches wide, are potted plants in bright bloom. In one corner is a buffet which makes a good setting for the collection of old pewter. ‘This room opens at the side into the en- closed out-of-doors piazza, which Is fit- ted up most attractively as a sitting- room, while the service department is at the rear. The dining-room opens off from the living-room. It is a large room, originally having nine doors and four windows. A feature of this room is the large old-fashioned fireplace with its pewter ornaments. At the opposite side of the room has been placed one of the best examples of old-time china closet. This has been in the family for many years, and was introduced into this home soon after its purchase. “The shell at the top shows its early period and also marks it as one of the best types of corner closets in existence. ‘This is used principally for rare old china, mostly family heir- looms, and makes a fitting receptacle for these treasured possessions. Many pieces of fine old furniture are in this room, and the hangings of blue and white Japanese grass cloth are in good taste and offer a beautiful background for them. In the remodeling of this house great attention has been paid to keeping the old-time features as much as possible. This is shown in the brass knobs and the strap- hinges on the doors. Upstairs the house is, if possible, The living-room of the remodeled house was made by lengthening the original room through throwing into it the original dining-room 42 AMERICAN HOMES more interesting than it is downstairs, for here one finds won- derfully good ex- amples of old Colon- ial fire-places, “night- cap”’ closets, and old- fashioned andirons. The floors have been left unchanged. In one or two of the rooms an innovation has been made, as in the den, where the furniture is all of wil- low, with bright cov- erings, while in one of the chambers the furnishings are en- tirely in white. This eliminates the old-fashioned idea, and these rooms might be part of a modern house were it not for the small panes of glass in the old windows. Per- haps the most interesting room of all is one of the cham- bers which is furnished in typical Colonial style. ‘The slender legs of the Sheraton four-poster, with its tester covered with white, and the bedspread of a hundred years ago, give it an old-time air which is unquestionable. At one side is a high-boy of the shell pattern, while Windsor and slat-back chairs are in evidence. Here the fire-place is particularly good, as is the little closet which forms a From every point of view the old house presents a picturesque appearance AND GARDENS February, 1913 central feature over- head. The low stud of the house makes it very much more cosy, although one misses the exposed rafters which are found in so many old houses, for with the exception of the liy- ing-room, they are either cased in or covered with plaster. While this fact may make the house more attractive to the house owner who pre- fers a smooth ceiling, still there is a par- ticular fascination about these hand-hewn beams, showing the mark of the axe, which appeals to the many lovers of what is truly old. In the upper story another innovation has been made in the building of an out-of-door sleeping- room, which has been introduced on the slope of the lean- to over the enclosed veranda. This room has hammocks on either side, leaving a wide space in the middle for chairs. The house is typical of an old-time farmhouse in which original lines have been carefully preserved. Situated in a sheltered valley, where high winds do not sweep across, it is little wonder that the family comes early and stays late. One of the most interesting rooms in the house is the bed-chamber furnished with a Sheraton four-poster and other fine pieces of early time furniture February, 1913 nag EE a 3 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 43 aH gi A bird-house may a a distinct aekiteenital ine of the fandscane when en efally Higanen Making Friends With the Birds By Edgar Nesbitt Photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals and others NOTHING is easier than to attract by kind- ness and to retain by constancy the little denizens of the air. They may be snubbed or cruelly persecuted, their nests may be robbed, or they may have to watch the prowess of merciless animals who would rob them of their young, but a little thoughtful sympathy will win them, and while always somewhat shy, our birds may become the most faithful of friends. While doubtless they prefer the country, many of them seem to be fond of city life, for the streets are never without the little feath- ered citizens, and they nest in the most unlikely places in the older and crowded parts of a city almost as readily as in the parks, where they find a setting almost as rural as that of the actual country. Perhaps the quickest and the surest way to obtain the friendship of the birds is to show an interest in their welfare to the extent of providing habitations for them. A wel- come thus extended will meet with a ready response, and the same bird family will return year after year for a long time—or perhaps they may “‘sub-let” for the years when their plans call them elsewhere. The homes which we offer our little guests may be almost anything which affords a shelter—the little visitors are not apt to complain, and seem pleased with the smallest effort for their comfort and happiness. The shops are full of ready-built houses adapted to the needs of the most fastidious of birds— houses of birch bark, logs, or bamboo, or made of wood suitably painted; but the houses which are most pleasing to the birds are the simplest, for they are extremely shy, and do not take readily to anything very new or extremely fine or conspicuous. ‘They really seem to prefer houses made of old lumber, such as fence boards, or from small wooden boxes, although the rustic bird houses which may be bought in the shops are popular, probably because they seem suit- able and suggest the joys of country living. ‘Tin cans, if sufficiently large, may be made into admirable bird houses; but care must be taken to see that there are no rough or sharp edges about the entrance to the house, and there should be a few nail-holes in the lower side to allow for the escape of any water that the rain may drive in. Boxes for birds such as wrens or chickadees should have an inside measurement of twelve by four or five inches, and the larger dimension should be that from the front toward the back. ‘The entrance might be circular and about an inch and one eighth in diameter. If you are building for the swallows or the blue birds, the same inner dimensions will suffice, but the entrance should be a hole an inch and a 44 half large, and may be round, square, or oblong. In each place, the entrance near the top of the house, and if possible have a tiny perch be- fore the door. Fasten the houses to a wall or building or upon a pole from twelve to thirty feet from the ground, or, if the house is to be placed in a tree, be sure that no bough is close enoug’ to afford a waiting place for a cat or other enemy of your little guests. Have the en- trance to the house face the south if possible, and place the box, if it can be done, where it will be shaded during the hottest part of the day. The birds which most of us wish to attract have certain malicious enemies, and if we are going to succeed in main- taining cordial relations with our visitors we must protect them from red squirrels, cats and such birds as crows and English sparrows. The red squirrel, of course, is seldom met in the city or even in the smaller towns, for his home is the country. He is an apparently harmless and really beautiful little animal but he is entirely out of sympathy with the birds, and does not hesitate to break up their nests or devour their young. The enmity of the cat family is well known, and if peace is to be maintained and safety to the birds assured Mrs. Puss and her family must either be banished or kept in semi-retirement particularly during the season when the young birds are learning to fly; unless this be done some heartrending tragedies are sure to result. The English sparrow is noisy and disagreeable rather than malicious, but other birds will not rest where he has his home. Drive him away if you would be friends with such birds as the robins or the wrens. A very sure way to please the birds would be to provide a drinking place for them and to sprinkle scraps of bread or some similar food where it can be eas- ily seen. During the Winter, if your guests still linger, or if transient visitors have come to take their place, feed them by tying a piece of suet to a tree or tall bush. This will make them comfortable and happy during the coldest weather when food is scarce and famine often stalks abroad. Our own experi- ence with birds has been both brief and simple, but very en- joyable for us and, we hope helpful to the birds. When planning window boxes and vines to climb over the out- side of the windows ig A rustic bird-house to be placed against a tree and preferably facing the south AMERICAN HOMES ¥ A bird-house alone could make AND GARDENS February, 1913 of a city garret we thought of adding to the attractive- ness of the window gardens by inviting as our guests some of the birds we saw making their nests in the vines which covered an old house close by. Four small starch boxes were secured, their paper labels soaked off, and a small hole bored in each box. In front of each of these little doors was placed a perch that a porch might be provided before each entrance. The houses were then fastened at each side of one of the windows and a ‘““To Let” sign in the form of a few grains of break- fast food was placed at each door and we awaited develop- ments. We felt that we have provided city homes which possessed some of the advantages of the country for the window gardens; even early in April gave every promise of shade during the warm weather and the entrances faced south, for we had noticed that the most severe of the rain storms came from the northeast. We wished to cater only to the most desirable tenants so we made the entrances to our cottages small enough to discourage the application of Mr. and Mrs. Crow who occasionally live in the city, and of Mr. and Mrs. Jay should they happen to call. We par- ticularly wished to avoid receiving any proposition from any of the English Sparrow connection, for we felt sure that having them as tenants would have a depreciating effect upon our settlement, and we resolved to refuse, politely but firmly, any offer which they might make to us. The first applicant for an annual lease came, as we had feared, from Mr. and Mrs. Sparrow, but we refused even to show them the cottages and discouraged them each time they visited us. Once we found them actually moving into one of the houses without even apply- ing for a lease, and when he turned them away we felt more than ever con- vinced that they would make most undesirable tenants. The next visitor was Mr. Chickadee who seemed pleased with one of the cot- tages and gave every manifestation of his approval. Later in the morn- ing he brought Mrs. Chickadee and they spent some time in- specting the — in- terior. Waelheysedid not call again and we feared they were discouraged by the strong odor of starch with which the house was filled for the cottages were quite new and were not properly A rustic bird-house to be placed upon a pole from twelve to thirty feet high February, 1913 dried. We really wished to secure some of the Chickadees as tenants and were particularly pleased when the next day two other members of the same family appeared and gave unmistakable evidence of approbation. We were delighted to have them, and they began at once the furnishing of their home. To encourage them as far as possible we laid some wisps of hay, pieces of string, and a few feathers from an old pillow where they would be easily seen, for we realized that in a large city it might be difficult or perhaps impossi- ble to secure just the furnishings which they desired. Mr. and Mrs. Tree swallow applied for another cottage, and with two families of Wrens were cordially received, for we felt that the stamp of their approval meant much to a settlement built for modest and refinedtenants. We helped them with their furnishing and house-fitting, and in a few weeks the entire colony had settled down to the hum-drum domesticity of an old established village. Of course, we had one or two complaints from Mrs. Swallow, and one of the Wrens were not pleased with the way the light from our study lamps penetrated the entrances to their homes. We realized that the complaint was quite justified and were careful to lower the shade each evening as soon as the lamps were lighted. Having secured such desirable tenants we felt obliged to do everything possible to make them happy and comfort- able, and were careful to provide a drinking place for them and to place upon the window sill such delicacies as the season and the market afforded. Worms could not be had, but bread crumbs and various kinds of cereals were pro- vided and apparently enjoyed. Two birds’ bathtubs were purchased and each morning were filled with water and placed within easy reach. We were careful, of course, to have the water very slightly warmed for we did not wish our little tenants to suffer the discomfort and inconvenience of bathing in water absolutely chilled. A considerable time elapsed before we realized that the An attractive lookout summer-house with a place for the birds to nest in the cupola AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 45 ee Ve ses crosteapirmice ms 7 TIDE SUITED LE AMD. ¢ EE DGS ERG ADE LOSE ie REM younger members of the four families were arriving, but such was evidently the case, for we heard much chirping and peeping, which we fully understood, and there was an unusual amount of visiting which, of course, was by way of congratulation. Such reticence was observed, however, that we were never able to determine the exact membership of any one of the four families. Domestic life as a rule was even and undisturbed by any but the most amiable of family quarrels. It is true that Mr. and Mrs. Swallow had one or two disagreements shortly after they moved into our settlement, but their family cares soon became so absorbing that arguments were forgotten in the household duties which doubtless occupied Mrs. Swallow, and in the increased re- sponsibility which a growing family placed upon her hus- band. By the time the window gardens were really at their best and the four cottages well covered with vines, we saw that the time for the debut of the junior members of the family was at hand. We felt great anxiety upon these occasions, for some bird houses were at least forty feet from the ground. To make the process of learning to fly as easy and as safe as possible we improvised a broad shelf just outside the window garden and took care that no enemies of the birds should be near. The management of the debuts was upon the whole very successful, and but one distressing tragedy occurred to mar the success of the Summer. Mr. and Mrs. Swallow had failed to give even the remotest intima- tion of their intention of launching their youngest daughter and the debut found us wholly unprepared. For this reason Mrs. Cat had not been restrained and locked up, and her being just below the window as Miss Swallow fluttered down resulted in a sudden catastrophe upon which we must draw a veil. One day they left. We are eagerly awaiting their return and have prepared a few additional houses to meet the demand the success of the original cottages has created. Zia into chil Parnieer at Radnor, Pennsylvania, we find the su AMERICAN HOMES AND : sy ce 3 Pe ¢ gear j ggestion of a blending of English and Norman architectural suggestions— GARDENS February, 1913 (\— Fox Hill Farmhouse at Radnor ‘» By Harold Donaldson Eberlein Photographs by T. C. Turner mq]|N the dictum “‘le style, c’est homme’ there 4|/ is not a little of sound, sober truth and shrewd common sense. When it comes to matters architectural, with equal or even greater propriety and aptitude, we might say “le style, c’est la maison.” Nothing self-evident than the entire dependence of a could be more house on the style of its architecture for all its character, good or bad, its very identity. Without style a house is nothing, a mere aggregation of building material; with style there is all the difference in the world, it at once becomes a lively source of absorbing interest. Only in so far as we accustom ourselves to an intelligent analysis of style, only as we are able to discern and appreciate the architectural subtleties of a building, can we derive full pleasure and satisfaction from its contemplation. Fox Hill Farmhouse, designed by Wilson Eyre, of Phila- delphia, is in several respects one of the most interesting country houses erected within the past couple of years. In the first place, one can detect the working of subtle influ- ences in the design of the fabric in much the same way as it is possible to trace strains of heredity or descry traits of family character expanding in an individual, albeit much modified by the impress of personal originality. In the second place, the building represents a style, though now too little known and esteemed, bound to win more and more favor every year. The influences alluded to are a curious compound of French and English elements. The pitch of the roofs is distinctly Norman, and there are also other points in both the general massing and in the detail that smack of Nor- man origin. At the same time there is much that is un- deniably English and might be assigned to Elizabethan exemplars. We should not be far wrong in characterizing this singularly felicitous blending of English and Norman feeling as Norman seen through modern English eyes and interpreted by modern English domestic ideals, for the Eng- lish prototype of Fox Hall Farmhouse is strongly typical of both architectural strains. It is no disparagement to the originality of the architect to say that the inspiration came from a very delightful Sussex country house, one of the best built since the British architectural revival; in fact, it is usually the case that the most original man is the one that knows most about the work of others and adapts their successes, incorporating them in his own creations. In the present instance, it is a truly laudable achievement to have so faithfully perpetuated the spirit of the archetypal struc- ture while making the new adaptation fit all the needs of a” Fe La a February, 1913 its own particular circum- stances. Fox Hill Farmhouse is most agreeably situated about a mile and a half west of Bryn Mawr in the rolling country of Radnor Town- ship, a part of the old Welsh Barony that Penn’s survey- ors set off for the early Cam- brian settlers. From _ the road, a quarter of a mile to the northward, the drive de- scends a slope and then climbs up again to the knoll on which the house stands, winding through an old apple orchard on the way. At the eastern end of the house is a stone-walled garth or courtyard for the kitchen and offices, while the drive, circling around a venerable apple tree, lands the visitor before a low, hooded stone porch in the middle of the north front. The walls are built of quarry-faced rubble, of nat- ive gray stone, with wide mortar joints, while the sills and coigns about the win- dows and also the cornices, both under the eaves and in the peaks of the gables, are of red brick. The cornice work is entirely of headers, while in the coigning about the windows occasional stretchers, projecting into the stonework, give pleasing relief of line and variety of color, the red of the brick contrasting sharply with the warm grays and yellows of the stone. To the right of the porch a great triple window, with heavy brick mullions, floods gallery and staircase with light. The head of each lancet ends in an obtuse pointed arch so character- istic of Tudor and also of late Norman buildings. This window’s height is quite proportionate to its great breadth; it extends from a little above the level of the other first floor windows all the way to the eaves. It is gratifying to the eye to see the broad, unbroken wall spaces on the north front of Fox Hill Farmhouse. There are enough windows, and of sufficient dimensions, to admit all the light that could be desired and yet they are so placed that the beauty of the masonry has a chance to show to We too often make the mistake of piercing advantage. oom DS PRIS ATT DAE DUM ede The flag-stone garden path AGE: way Entrance pathway AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ; 47 our walls needlessly with a multitude of small windows that are not of much account in themselves—not nearly as useful for either light or ven- tilation as fewer and larger ones—and serve only to break up lines, make the house look ‘fussy’ and are generally detrimental from an architectural point of view. Immediately above the porch a range of five small, square casement win- dows, separated by brick mullions, lights the long gal- lery on the second floor. At the east and west ends of the north front, wings project beyond the main part of the house. From ground to gable peak, the north end of the east wing presents a perfectly blank wall save for the generous outstanding brick chimney stack for the servants’-hall. This bold, severe touch is particularly striking. In the west wing is the library which, by the advantage of its position, has windows on | all four sides. To prepare the site for the house, part of a hillside, sloping toward the west, was cut away and the earth re- moved thence made into a terrace before the north and south fronts. Viewed from a distance—it is impossible to get any adequate notion at close quarters owing to the lay of the land—the building shows a well-balanced, har- monious mass that seems to have sprung very naturally from the hill on which it stands, its many-gabled roof lines melting into the verdure of the tall trees that form a back- ground. Fox Hill Farmhouse is one of those sensibly planned structures that sits down comfortably on its foundations instead of teetering on French heels, so to speak, as so many houses seem to do, perched half-way to the skies on foundation walls run to a ridiculous height above ground level because of some foolish fancy on the part of architect or client. To look at these buildings, remarkably suggest- ive of a Shanghai rooster, one might suppose we had in- herited this mode of construction from lake-dwelling fore- af a The low, heeded porch on the Toul front 48 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS bears, who built their abodes on piles, or that we were always in dread of an inundation from some un- known quarter. It is quite compatible with good cel- lar ventilation and lighting to have the first floor scarcely above ground level, that is, if the archi- tect has any ingenuity in drawing his plans, and no one has any business to be- come an architect unless he be possessed of a good measure of that happy quality. At Fox Hill Farm there is but one low step from the ground to the level of the first floor. Consequently, access is easy and comfortable and the First Floor Plan February, 1913 to obviate their necessity. At the western end of the south front, a loggia with pointed arches occupies the corner of the main mass of the structure and does duty for a conservatory. Beside it, on the same level and just outside the library win- dows, is a platform one pace above the lawn and paved with red quarry tiles. The loggia and this adja- cent tile-paved, open plat- form are the only trace of piazza (save that at the kitchen door) to be found on the place. It is refreshing to see a house deliberately planned without a piazza. It sounds a timely note of protest Y 25) aspect hospitable. No house can ever look alto- gether hospitable and invit- ing when one has to climb a formidable flight of uncom- fortable, forbidding-looking steps. If there has to be an ascent somewhere, better it should be to a terrace at a distance from the house walls and then let there be one pace only at the threshhold. The roof lines at Fox Hill Farm are so good that one could wish they had been altogether unbroken by dormers. True, the dormers are not uproarious and obtrusive, as they are apt to be if not skilfully managed, but, nevertheless, the repose of the roof would have been greater without them. Asa people we have yet to realize the full beauty and charm of unbroken roofs where the sweep of the lines is undis- turbed by dormers or meaningless projections. Of course, it is sometimes necessary, or at least expedient, to have them, but a bit of careful planning could be made EGRET IE BBE Plans of the first and second floors against the thralldom of convention. The popular mind badly needs a jolt on this piazza question. As a people we are obsessed with an almost superstitious veneration for piazzas. Some folk ap- parently think a house isn’t a house without a piazza; to their minds it is an indispensable adjunct to civilization. Regardless of whether it serves any practical purpose or not, their dwelling must have some kind of lean-to tacked on. If all the unused piazzas were removed from the houses they now “‘adorn,” the sight would be a revelation— a revelation of the extent to which a prejudice in favor of a fancied need may affect and sometimes injure the domestic architecture of a whole country. The beloved piazza is such a béte noir to architects that they often feel like pack- ing up and going to England where it is not a fetish. A piazza is an awkward thing to manage architecturally and for country houses a paved terrace often answers all February, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 49 purposes quite as well; besides that, it doesn’t darken any rooms. If the meena rs nee weather is fine, it is The hallway far better to sit out under the open heaven than to have a roof overhead. If it is too sunny for use at any time during the day, what is pleasanter than to sit in the shade of a tree? What more engaging place for tea than a terrace when the westering sun behind us is casting long shadows over the lawn? If one wishes to sit out and enjoy a glorious night, a piazza roof only obscures a part of the effulgent sky. As to court- ings, we all know that love is blind so piazza or terrace answer equally well. If the night is not fine enough to sit out without shelter above, older folk will be better indoors and less liable to rheumatism. This is not an unqualified diatribe against piazzas in general; it is merely a protest against the unreasonableness of those that demand piazzas for every house regardless of all other considerations. It is just as unreasonable to insist that every house shall have a piazza as to insist that every man shall wear pink pantaloons. Pink pantaloons may suit some people; to others they will not be becoming. Everybody can see the absurdity of proposing pink panta- loons for all the adult male population, but when it comes to piazzas they grow blindly inconsistent. There are cases, and plenty of them, where piazzas are right and proper and fitting—eminently so—cases where they are archi- tecturally suitable and serve a useful purpose. There are, too, cases not a few in which they are a positive boon to their owners, and no one with a drop of the milk of human kindness would deprive these people of a source of pleasure. There are certain architectural styles with whose tradi- tions piazzas accord and with houses built in these styles one wishes to see piazzas. There are, however, certain other houses where they are manifestly out of place and yet it is not uncommon to see them brutally attached to those very structures. Fox Hill Farmhouse belongs to an architectural type that makes no provision for pi- azzas and it is matter for commendation where, in such an instance, piazzas are ; left off despite the popular [igus = prejudice in their favor. This digression on piazzas, if a trifle long, is surely not misplaced nor unseasonable. A word of protest against lay inconsistency and a plea for architectural propriety ae dining-ro The fireplace in the living-room is one of the best features in this interesting house SOMES SE 9 SOR I om could be nowhere more fitly uttered than in the descrip- tion of a dwelling that, like Fox. Hill Farmhouse, has been true to tradition and teaches by its example a lesson. Before the south front, flower borders bloom on a wide stripe of privet-hedged grass terrace. From the house to the steps to a lower level a walk of unusual construction crosses the terrace. It is made of great irregular-shaped flags, laid down unhewn as when they left the quarry. In the wide spaces between the stones grow sundry low spreading plants suited to rock gardens with a few of taller habit. The taller plants are, perhaps, a bit in the way of those using the walk and if perfection in this kind of path-making were aimed at they might be replaced by lowly herbs that would exhale sweet odors when trodden upon and bruised. The steps nearby are ingeniously planted with rock plants in spaces left in the treads. Beyond the grass terrace a bank descends abruptly to a road shaded by lofty maples while on the other side of the road, and still lower down, are the tennis courts and vegetable garden. The south front, with its twin gables, its bow-window, its oriel and the arches of the loggia, is less severe in character than the north front which is the first to be seen by the approaching visitor. The difference of aspect is quite con- sonant with the purposes of the building; the north front, exposed to the view of all comers, maintains a proper reserve of demeanor, while the south, overlooking as it does the more intimate side of family life, irradiates a pleasant geniality. From the south the verity of proportion observ- able in the mass is not less satisfying than when seen from the north or east. The color of the stone and the texture of the walls are particularly good. On entering through the low stone porch on the north, the feature that most impresses one is the wide gal- lery running the length of the main part of the building through the north side of the house. At its western end is the stairway and the same gallery arrangement is re- peated upstairs so that the bedrooms, which open from it, avoid a northern exposure and Winter’s piercing blasts and look toward the south instead. The gallery is con- tinued around the western side of the east wing so that the bedrooms in that part of the house have an eastern exposure. In a country house Upper Rallway 5) AMERICAN on an open hillside this plan is to be commended for sim- plifying the heating problem in Winter. The galleries upstairs and down are light and spacious and impart a sense of breadth and size to an unusual de- gree. Being attractively furnished, they are excellent also from an artistic point of view. Certain pieces of furniture can be put there to better advantage than in most other places. On the first floor, at the foot of the stairway a passage sweeps around to the loggia and the library. At the eastern end of the gallery a door opens into a passage giving access to the breakfast-room and the pantry while along the side and opposite the entrance are doors to the drawing-room and the dining-room. The east wing is given over for the most part to pantry, kitchen, coldroom and servants’ dining-room, only a small part at the south end, opening into the dining-room, being kept for a breakfast-room where the morning sun can come flooding in from the east and south. The loggia, already alluded to, is within the walls, and French windows from the library passage and the drawing-room open into it. Sev- eral Della Robbia casts are here pleasantly let into the walls by way of adornment. One advantage of the library’s occupying the whole west- ern wing is that the light pouring in from all four sides leaves not one dark or gloomy corner at any hour of the day. The library woodwork is of fumed chestnut and some of the paneling over the fireplace and about the chimney-jamb is especially beautiful. Built in an offset on the west side of the room, the fireplace is flanked by ingle- seats above which are casement windows. Before the hearth is a great comfortable sofa whose luxurious depths invite alike to day dreams and to midnight meditations or con- fidences in the light of the glowing logs. The walls are hung with excellent old prints while on top of the shelves is that miscellaneous collection of clocks, lacquer boxes, cameras, work-baskets and innumerable minor lares and penates that make it quite evident that the room is lived in and thoroughly enjoyed, as the natural gathering place of all the little interests that go to make up the sum of our lives. The drawing-room, with its three French windows open- ing on the terrace to the south, is one of the most delightful HOMES AND GARDENS The north front of Fox Hill Farmhouse at Radnor, Pennsylvania February, 1913 apartments imaginable. The walls are a neutral gray while the carpet, crépe de Chine curtains, upholstery and domi- nant figure in the cretonne slip-covers are of mauve tones that blend harmoniously. The walls are unadorned save for an old Dutch mirror with carved and gilt frame above the fireplace, a curiously wrought Chinese painting on glass and a Japanese screen hung in the manner of a tapestry. All the furniture is arranged with the most consummate good taste and due sense of decorative restraint. Next the drawing-room is the dining-room, of pleasing proportions and appointments in keeping with the rest of the house. The long galleries with their inviting vistas, the beautiful old chests and cabinets and tables ranged along the sides, the antlered heads and feathered trophies, the oaken balus- trades of Jacobean design and the carved passive figure sur- mounting the newel-post are all so fascinating that one feels disposed to spend much of his time on the stairs. The planning of Fox Hill Farmhouse shows a good ex- ample of what delightful things may be done with galleries and stairways. The possibilities of stairway treatment, with all the attendant opportunities for imparting stateliness and grace to the house, we have in some measure realized, but in our use of galleries we have yet much to learn. ‘They are not to be regarded merely as convenient ways of getting from one end of the house to the other without passing through rooms. A narrow passage would answer that pur- pose quite as well and take up less space. Galleries have a distinct value as an important architectural feature full of capabilities, and they deserve more careful study. With an increasing number of country seats of the type of Fox Hill Farmhouse, so admirably adapted to the con- ditions of our country life, one can readily understand why more and more families leave town earlier each Spring and come back later each Fall, and finally end by staying in the country the year around. With automobiles and good roads they can easily get to the city for dinners or the theatre while for balls or the opera they can spend the night with friends who still cling to city habits or stop at a hotel. For the small inconvenience of distance all the delights of life in the country amply compensate throughout the year when houses of this Radnor pattern are in question. February, 1913 “Shore Rocks,” “Shore as seen from the extensive water front, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 51 stands amidst many favoring natural features Rocks” By William T. Phillips Photographs by T. C. Turner and others ‘E would have far and long to seek to find a lovelier house by the sea than “Shore Rocks,” whose owner, Mr. Joseph D. Sawyer, has worked out in this delightful and picturesque dwelling a confirmation to the motto, “Chercez et tu trouverez,’ which is to be found inset in one of the panes of the casement oriel window, halfway up the stairs. The site of this house, selected by its owner over twenty years ago, is ideal. It is placed upon the little shelving > beach, with its protected harbor, the deep, clear water-front and rough Main-like rock coast frontage making it a perfect spot for the final edifice which was projected by the owner’s imagination even all those years ago. Every main room The house is embowered in trees. » v aed wi The lawn front of the house, with its broad entrance doorway, possesses an uninterrupted outlook across the beautiful Sound, one of the most beautiful stretches of water in the country. [oo often it happens that builders by the sea alienate the house from the shore by obtrusive artificialities, or by approaches that make for isolation rather than for conjunction with the natural setting. ‘Shore Rocks’’ is happy in having escaped the result of any such mistakes. It is, instead, a perfect example of the knitting together of the proper house to its site, both being welded, as it were, into one fiber of harmonious beauty. One approaches “Shore Rocks’ from its land side through the entrance-gates in the low stone wall, an arched lych gate being the form of the entrance to the service path, an approach screened with shrubbery. The approach to the water-front of the house is most interesting inasmuch faces a situation in charming contrast with the water view 52 AMERICAN HOMES Shore Rae SEES Entrance to as one may bring a boat, even a yacht drawing ten feet of water, directly into the pier which is, in itself, a part of the veranda, being in direct connection with it through the stone steps, as shown on the accompanying diagram plan of the first floor of the house. Pe omy ste lawn front of “Shore Rocks” one does not realize that the house stands four stories in height, by rea- son of the fact that this height is minimized by the over- hang and the color treatment. On the marble door sill is cut the word “Venitas,’ and the door-knocker is the actual one with which Paul Revere awakened John Hancock First floor plan Entrance detail into the wall of the library near the ceiling line. stairs then lead to the musician’s balcony and thence to the The site of “Shore Rocks’’ is one of the most attractive on the Sound coast February, 1913 AND GARDENS ia ie Steps leading to the terrace and Samuel Hancock from their fitful slumber in the old Clark house at Lexington that memorable night a century and some decades ago. The stair hall has a wonderful fireplace with an opening ten feet wide, where blazing logs can add to the hospitable warmth of the welcome ex- tended the ar- riving guest. Half way up the stairs is a casement oriel of leaded glass, the window seat projecting The Second floor plan second story hall, an extensive and thoroughly lighted area. ithe February, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS g h. Fs Be asa Sie as = Si a The living-room is a great apartment forty-five feet long by thirty-five wide. Six large French windows open upon the terrace veranda and to the porch-room with its black-beamed, red-cemented Pom- peiian ceiling. A ‘lift of four steps leads from the living-room to the spacious library. The living-room also connects with the dining-room which is unusual in form and size as the plan will indicate. This room is twenty-two by forty feet in SESE SO se RR Re 8 h the ratirall Beatity me the E aS EERE A size. The central hall of the second story is over thirty feet square, inclusive of the stair opening. One of the pleasantest features in the planning of this section of the house is to be found in the arrange- ment of the stairs leading to the third story. Instead of the stereotyped plan of an open well hole from the basement to the attic, the stairs leading up from the second story are placed to one side of the top of the first flight, under an archway. — . Sieh mC BARCEL Se MANE RI shore AMERICAN HO N THE DESIGN OF THE ¢ S < of of On [2] O O ag an [1] ae F IS A MATTER WHIC} THE ATTRACTIVEN 4 SRUGSERL i - Sees REWROTE retro aE, hee ieihis at “ Pid, OF WINDOWS INGS AND FINISHING ADDS GREATLY TO mF ANY HOUSE AND GARDENS q AMERICAN HOmgs AND GARDENS THE PROPER PLACING OF WINDOWS THE DESIGN OF THE CASINGS AND FINISHING | be | IS A MATTER WHICH ADDS GREATLY TO |{j | 7 1 ie | W | ih A le } r I: 56 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Se ee HERE is an irresistible charm about old pewter, although we look curiously at the enthusiastic collectors and often wonder why they are so imbued with the love of this old metal. But when we, too, become incited by the same spirit, we realize the absorbing is in the pursuit of the genuine old masters. interest there Pewter, as it stands to-day, might well be said to represent a lost art. Only about a tenth of the exist- ing pieces of the genuine metal even have no hall mark at all, and often those that do have these hall marks, are so worn that even to the expert there is no absolutely sure guide as there is for the collectors of old china. When one realizes that in the Pewterers’ Hall list there are as many as twelve hundred old English marks or touches of which only about forty give the maker’s name and the date, and that for names alone, there are only two hundred and fifty, one cannot think it strange that the old Guild of Pewterers should have considered it undignified to advertise, and that the London pewterers prohibited placing name and address which bore touch on any of their wares. All this confusion of pieces makes the collectors search by Mr. f COLLECTORS’ DEP-A RAMEN THE EDITOR OF THIS DEPARTMENT WILL BE GLAD TO ANSWER ANY LETTERS OF ENQUIRY FROM ITS READERS ON ANY SUBJECT CONNECTED WITH OLD FURNITURE, POTTERY AND PORCELAIN, GLASS, MINIATURES, TEXTILES, PRINTS AND ENGRAVINGS, BOOKS AND BINDINGS, COINS AND MEDALS, AND OTHER SUBJECTS OF INTEREST TO COLLECTORS. LETTERS OF ENQUIRY SHOULD BE ACCOMPANIED BY STAMPS FOR RETURN POSTAGE Old Pewter By Helen N. Harrod Photographs by the Author ne old ea pewter ap sae I. H. Caliga of Salem, Massachusetts February, 1913 ——— =. comes yeaa oe ee ; een | a ‘is eee all the more eagerly for this ware. Let us not pass by as worthless, excellent and valuable pieces of this metal that bear no mark, for we find out of fifty-nine vessels that are still used in twenty-nine churches in the diocese of Llandaff that there are only fifteen marked. The older pieces are indicated generally by a greater simplicity of design, as for instance, the straight or slightly waved lines were made before the curved pieces with swelling lines. Also, the plain flat lids were made before tops that showed domes or knobs or crests, and that more elaborate moldings are of later date than the simple ones. The metal itself is of little or no intrinsic worth,—in fact, it is nothing more than an alloy of tin and of lead and sometimes a sprinkling of copper, antimony and bismuth. Harking back to its early history it is veiled in comparative obscurity. Used for house- hold utensils, it dates back to the middle ages and beyond. In fact, it is an impossi- bility to go back far enough to ascertain the period when it was first used in China and Japan, for it is to those countries we are compelled to return for the origin of many of the old industries, as those workmen excelled in this art as they did in everything that they undertook. One thing that we can vouch for is that pewter ware was Old pewter from the collection of Mr. Nathaniel Spofford of Salemi. ures. The pewter wine glasses are of a much later date, but of interest to collectors by reason of their rarity The pewter measures to the right show the pint, half-pint and gill meas- February, 1913 Examples of pewter from the Caliga collection. made in China two thousand years ago. There are speci- mens of Japanese pewter found in England that are posi- tively known to be eleven hundred years old. They are very much like specimens that are exhibited to-day in the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts. There is a very interesting old story connected with a bit of rare Japanese pewter which had been a family heir- loom for generations. It came into the possession of the first ancestor in 1450, and is said to have had a history even at that date. In fact, its battered sides speak elo- quently of a past. The legend runs that it was in the pos- session of a French nobleman, who was compelled to flee from his own country for some misdemeanor and sought refuge in England, where he wooed and won an English maiden. The precious bit of pewter remained with his descendants until 1450, when the last of his race died with- out issue, bequeathing the old relic to a dear friend from whom the present owner is a direct descendant. Laying aside its historic value, it represents the highest form of Japanese pewter ever made and is as handsome a specimen of old Japan craft as can be found. With both the Japanese and the Chinese, the engraving was used as a form of deco- ration. The grace and simplicity of the designs employed give credit to the thrifty little artists who lived in the Orient. Pewter was used for seals of office in ancient Rome and some years ago, quantities of these old seals representing all shapes and sizes, were discovered in the county of West- morland, in England, where there is no doubt that they were left by the Romans centuries ago. It is indeed deplorable that, owing to their excellent sodder work, so many have been entirely destroyed by the enterprising tinkers, who wished to get the solder at the time when pewter ware went out of style. This metal was used for domestic utensils in France long before it was made in England, although its manufacture was not universal. 1850 marked the period of the most showy development of the making of pewter in France. It was then that Briot was its most celebrated worker. His most noted productions were a flagon and salver decorated with figures, emblems, marks, and strap work. These exquisite pieces were passed in sections and joined together, after which they were finished in delicate re- lief. Briot was followed by Several of these pieces show the whorl pattern. objects to the extreme right of this illustration Old German Porringer, Baby Pace a owned by Mr. I. H. Caliga of Salem AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 57 An old pewter tea-caddy is shown among the one Gaspar Enderlein, who was a Swiss. In 1600 the Nuremburg workers entered the field with richly wrought plates and platters. For one hundred years, dating from 1680 to 1780, much pewter was manufactured in France, the greater part of it being made in the first three quarters of that period. Louis XVI was the first to appoint a Royal Pewterer and to make more satisfactory use of the metal. He was granted special permission to have it adorned with gold and lacquer, a privilege that had hitherto been enjoyed only by the dignitaries of the church. French pewter does not seem to have been held in such high esteem as that manufactured in Germany and the Netherlands. In fact, a test was held at Pewterers’ Hall, London, in 1709, and it was allowed that the English pewter there exhibited was superior to that made in France and Spain. Barcelona was the center of the industry in Spain, but when or where the craft had its foundation re- search has been unable to disclose. Pewter making in England was limited to a few centers at first, such as London, York, and Newcastle, but after a little while the craft was practiced in a number of other places. One way to tell old English pewter is that these workmen never ran to elaborate forms or an overplus of decoration. There pewter was characterized by a sturdi- ness and sedate dignity that raises it far above that manu- factured in any other country. The old-time pewterers were taxed, so that every genuine antique bears the excise mark,—a cross and a crown. Every utensil, no matter what its use, was weighed, assayed and divided into two grades, the fine and the common. Three stamps were used, one of which was a license mark that signified that the quality and the weight were correct. The second was a guild mark, de- noting the city, while the third was a private mark, which indicated the maker. When one finds an occa- sional piece bearing this number and date, he has come across an exceedingly rare specimen. The value of pewter is according to its size and mark,—the larger the piece the higher its value. The usual sizes range all the way from five inches to two feet, although there are some specimens that measure three feet in diameter, but they are exceptionally rare. Guilds or corporations were found in various coun- tries, composed of the work- ger, dish and sugar bowl of pewter collection 58 AMERICAN HOMES -men, as for instance, the London Guild, which was composed of Eng- lish pewterers and was the most im- portant of its day. The Edinburgh Guild of Scottish workmen ranked second. The French Pewterers’ Guild was abolished by Turgot, on the ground that the free right to labor was a sacred privilege of hu- manity. It was a mistake to abolish the Guild, for with it the quality and use of pewter was steadily de- creased. Porcelain and _ pottery gradually increased in use after the year 1750, the beauty of these wares making them easy favorites. The Germans practiced the craft of pewter making to a very consider- able extent, and Nuremburg and Augsberg were apparently the head- quarters of this industry. The records of enactment at the latter place go to show that the workshops were inspected by the Masters of the Craft as early as 1834. Nuremburg, too, had her famous workmen, the best known being Harold Carel and Sevaldus Ruprecht. A coterie of Master Pewter-Makers was furnished by Scot- land and Ireland, Edinburg and Glasgow being the chief centers of trade in the former country, while Dublin and Cork did a most extensive business in the latter. Pewter was little used among the wealthy classes except in kitchen and servants’ quarters about the year 1780. It held sway for a considerable length of time, and in fact, it continued to be used regularly in some of the larger establishments within the last thirty years. It is used even now in the servants’ hall in two or three of the large old country houses. Its use lingered longest in the tavern and inns and in the London chop houses, until the coming in of coffee and tea houses. It played a very important part in the early households of America, in many cases being the only available ware. After a little, as the population and strength of the young colonies increased, it gave way, as in England to the popularity of china. The principal port of manufacture and also of the distribution of English Pate ie ater jug [es 1796. Old English Sa Old pewter charger from the Prescott Bigelow collection AND GARDENS February, 1913 pewter was at Boston, Massa- chusetts,—which accounts for the really fine specimens found through- out the New England States, and es- pecially in Massachusetts. There were a number of pewter workers in Philadelphia previous to the Rev- olution although very little was known regarding them. One of the most prominent toward the latter part of the eighteenth century was Thomas Danforth. Many plates and other pieces made by him have been preserved. His establishment was on the corner of High, now Market, and Thirteenth Streets, and almost all of his pieces were marked. Sometimes “IT. Danforth, Philadelphia,” and again, a circular stamp about the size of a five dollar gold piece, enclosing the figure of an American eagle, bearing the initials, ‘““T. D.,” surrounded by twenty-eight stars. Candle sticks of this same metal are found in a great diversity of shapes and styles. Tavern pots, which came to use early in the seventeenth century, and liquor glasses of pewter, which are perhaps the greatest rarity, were found. Some of the latter are of the most curious work- manship, the bowl being encrusted with waved lines, multi- plication of which gives the effect of a scale pattern. Pewter spoons are very rare, bending easily and are one of the pieces, together with knives, which are more fre- quently melted down to be cast over again. Tankards or tappit-hens are also among the choice pieces, as was the hot water jug, which was used on Winter nights when the master of the house made hot apple toddy. Pewter at its best is plain, relying entirely on its form, for appearance. The polishing was a serious problem in Colonial days, its brilliancy reflecting to the credit of the housewife. The children gathered for this use a certain rush from the swamps. It cost an extra effort to keep it bright and shining, but no one who truly loves this reminder of bygone days, will regret the time expended. The slow gleam of silver-like hue gradually appearing on the surface rewards his efforts much like the smile of a very old friend. oa oa Pewter ee owned by Miss Mary Hodges of Topsfield, Massachusetts February, 1913 ena . EMER Set The cok which forms the b IER 2A ma PD. niet ae AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 59 ET ET RA ST EM ackground for the treasures in Mr. Drake’s home is a fine example of fine, early architectural work of the sort The Home of a Veteran Collector By Henry F. Leighton Photographs by T. C. Turner =q]| OW very rarely does the exterior of a house i4|| present any real indication of what its inte- rior may contain. Even more rarely is any hint of its interest and beauty given in a city home where the frontage of an individual dwelling is necessarily limited, and seldom, if ever, does the imagination receive any stimulus from the facade of a house which is one of a long row of similar structures, such as were so often built in the larger eastern cities a century ago. In a certain street in a very old section of New York is a row of old-fashioned houses of red brick trimmed with brown stone. Each house possesses a high stoop, and its main doorway is placed between tall fluted pillars and the windows, which are arranged with small panes, are fitted with blinds painted dark green. Upon the other side of the street are similar old houses, and almost all of the old homes in the block are occupied by the smaller manufactur- ers of clothing or furs, and the steady whirl and constant buzzing of their machinery last sometimes until far into the night. One of these old brick residences which retains all of the simple quiet grace and dignity of a former age is a veritable treasure-house, for it is the home of Mr. Alex- ander M. Drake, well known in the world of art and letters, and one of the most famous treasure collectors in America. The contents of this remarkable house represent the fruits of much traveling and long sojourns in foreign coun- tries, as well as an appreciation of the American collector’s opportunities to pick up in his own country objects worthy his attention. A close study of circumstances and condi- tions at home, in connection with the vast and ever-increas- ing tide of immigration which is being continually poured into our own country, led Mr. Drake years ago to appre- ciate how there may be brought to our very doors, treasures whose number and value are seldom realized except by those who have carefully followed and analyzed the situa- tion. All collectors of antiques and other things, even those who take infinite pleasure in the fact of possession, find that a large part of the joys of collecting consists in “unearthing” the treasures they are to acquire, and even in all the accompaniment of the excitement incident to their acquisition. While no two collectors are alike, and few col- lect in just the same way, it may happen that browsing about in remote corners in Spain or in Russia may not be very unlike similar “browsings” in the foreign quarters of New York or of Philadelphia, or any other great American city, in that in both cases some rare find may be discovered where hardly expected, and secured with much the same compli- 60 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS pes a FAs BAAS PI S322 SAA SA AZ ra CAAA peer cas February, 1913 Sree LASS The library contains precious volumes and antiques cated bargaining and dickering that add zest to the col- lector’s pursuit. Oc- casionally a_treas- ure has been discovered and obtained so easily that it seems to have been placed in sight to catch the eye of some one who would succumb most readily to its charms; but your true collector will tell you that those things seem almost always most precious which have been procured in anxious moments of doubt as to whether or not the object would become his own. However much oftener a find will be the result of a long search undertaken merely upon the slightest information which might lead to success. So it happens that a house filled with beautiful objects sug- gests, as in the case of the home of Mr. Drake, a vast number of interesting and wholly different experiences in collecting. The collector who is really careful and dis- criminating also finds, very often, treasures in the antique shops, objects sent in, perhaps, by some agent of the deal- er’s living in some remote corner of the earth. So elusive are the treasures particularly loved by scholarly antiquari- ans that many instances are recorded of such objects having been carefully placed in hiding places of their own, to be discovered by chance years afterward. ‘This, perhaps, is another reason why the collector loves to rummage around, always holding to the hope of finding something dear to his heart in out-of-the-way crannies. If Mr. Drake were asked to point out the royal road to forming a collection, he would probably reply that no such route exists, for to-day, even with unlimited expenditure, the forming of a collection is a matter of good taste and judgment. ‘The true collector is not a mere gatherer of things, but studies the things he collects, and then derives from them that mental pleasure the exercise of which is after all the foundation of the true collecting instinct. Whatever one has to spend on_ his hobby, his success with it greatly depends upon the accuracy of the knowledge he has of his field with its con- stantly varying condi- tions. Mr. Drake prob- ably regards collecting as of even greater im- portance or interest than actual ownership, for he has been known to dispose of great por- tions of his treasures from time to time, col- A corner in the drawing-room A millefleur tapestry lections formed dur- ing the course of many happy, enthu- silastic years. The character of the in- terior of the interesting house here illustrated is indicated literally at the threshold, for the doorway between the tall brown stone pillars opens into a hallway adorned with a profusion of beautiful objects from many lands—objects dating from many different periods. The Drake house, like so many New York homes built fifty or sixty years ago, is planned with two broad and deep drawing-rooms which are connected by wide folding doors. Back of these large rooms, into which it opens by an archway, is the dining- room, occupying the entire width of the lot on which the house is built. These spacious old rooms, with their lofty ceilings, fine old woodwork, and stately chandeliers, are the background for a wonderful arrangement of old furniture, pictures, tapestries, glass, and many forms of copper, brass, and other metals, together with pottery, carvings, and other treasures, the mere cataloguing of which would require a book. While most antiquarians pay a certain devotion to one or two forms of collecting, there are very few fields in which Mr. Drake has not journeyed far, and his unerring knowledge of the unchanging laws of beauty and the history and practice of the applied or liberal arts has resulted in the wonderful array of art in the various and numerous forms here assembled. But the owner of even the most comprehensive collection has a few branches in which he takes particular interest, and Mr. Drake’s home is most famous for its brasses, bandboxes, glass, icons, and sam- plers, with which might be included the models of ships which have long ago outgrown the space available in his home, actually requiring storage here and there. In the hall of his house are several models of antique ships of dif- ferent nations and of divers periods of his- tory. Phew “being placed in this particular spot may be said to symbolize arrival and departure—of welcom- ing the -coming, and speeding the departing guest. The walls of the hallway are covered with beautiful old paint- ings and fine prints, and against the walls rest old carved chests, cof- fers and chairs.) Dhe two large drawing- rooms are fitted with woodwork painted a View of the entrance hallway Carved cabinet and old brazier February, 1913 2-9 3 SF a = = See ee Old brass, pewter, pottery, glass, and rare bits of furniture fill every corner of the house deep gray and the walls being covered with a rich dark fabric, form a harmonious background for old paintings and medizval portraits which fill the wall spaces, and one entire wall is hung with a very fine example of mille fleur tapestry. Old furniture of different periods is grouped about and old jars of Spanish or African earthenware with metal covers richly chased and perforated, stand in the angles and corners of the long rooms. An immense syna- gogue candelabrum of bronze, said to be the largest ever brought into this country, is perhaps the most striking single object in the rooms, which are literally filled with things of the rarest beauty. The second drawing-room is used as a library. Low bookcases line the walls, and part of the illumination is provided by old Dutch sconces of brass or copper. Many small objects are spread about upon tables or the top of the bookcases, and cabinets are filled with small bits of metal, porcelain, or glass. Perhaps the most interesting of these quaint rooms is the dining-room, which is placed at the end of the long suite. The corners of the room have been cut off and made into corner cupboards with doors of glass divided into small panes. A carved mantel from a very early New York house shelters a deep fireplace lined with brick, a high- paneled wainscoting is built around the entire room, and the woodwork everywhere in the room is painted a deep cream which has been rubbed down to a soft satiny surface. Much of the furniture is mahogany, and the chairs are of particular interest as they are examples of the different kinds of Windsor chairs and represent every known varia- tion of the style. No two are exactly alike, and they are the result of years of indefatigable search and study of the work of the early New England furniture builders. From the ceiling is hung an antique Flemish chandelier such as are seen in the interiors of the medieval guild halls, and everywhere, arranged upon mantel, sideboards, coffers, chests, and even upon the floor, are most wonderful brasses—hot water urns, samovars, braziers, kettles, and a One of the doorways has been turned into a cabinet to hold part of the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 61 Ae Ge we - * glass collection long list of wonderful objects the mere enumeration of which would be impractical in the space of a magazine arti- cle. With the soft ivory white of the paneling as a foil, the effect of this richly worked metal is delightful. The little cupboards in the angles of the room are literally packed with important treasures of glass, ground, etched, engraved, and gilded, representing every country and every age and period—decanters and drinking glasses, bowls and dishes—china and porcelain, too, in many forms—delft from Holland, in plates and tobacco jars, or in the bird cages, which are a favorite decoration in the quaint, brave little country of dykes and canals. ‘The contribution of Spain to this wonderful and dazzling collection of brasses, consists of several quaint braziers such as are used to sup- ply what small amount of heat is had by the dwellers in that most medieval of countries. The brazier as known in Spain is merely a highly decorative receptacle of brass or copper wherein is placed a quantity of burning charcoal. Over the pan which holds the fire is placed a lid of brass ornamented with chasing, etching, and piercing, and the working of these metal covers and of the tongs and spoon- like shovels which are always used with a brazier often represent the highest form of the metal worker’s skill as a designer and a craftsman. Brasses from Belgium, Friesland, and other parts of Northern Europe are here in the form of milk cans or jars, many of them held together by rivets of copper or bound with copper bands or hoops. ‘These same countries have contributed warming pans, generally of copper with covers or lids of brass which are highly decorative in design and etched, chased, or pierced in a most wonderful manner. Russia is best represented, perhaps, by the samovar, synagogue lamps, or candelabra and the icons which enter so largely into the domestic and religious life of the Rus- sian people. ‘These objects of metal, which are often the heirlooms or family treasures of their owners, fill a much more important part of life in Russia than in the life which 62 AMERICAN is led by the same family after it has reached these shores and experienced the ‘‘assimilating”’ process of existence in one of our great American cities; for, somehow, the family customs and usage of generations and centuries speedily succumb to the influence, powerful upon all sides, which urges to the discarding of national characteristics and racial customs and the adopting of what seem to be American ways and the manners! of life around about them. Icons repre- sent the Saviour, the Mother and Child, individual saints or group of. saints. The flesh portions, such as faces, hands, and feet, are painted in the flat fashion, wholly without any attempt at perspec- tive, which is enjoined by the Greek Church upon those who portray these holy Personages. The remaining parts of an icon are repoussé in metal of one or several varieties, and the cleverness of the artist brings out the intricate details of background, costumes, and the stiff, formal head dresses or halos, which must be designed in the archaic style of the unchanging East and from among which the faces peer out with the melancholy air of mystery and reticence which seems to express the religious life of Russia and the Russian people. Between the front hallway and the dining-room, after the manner of an old New York home, is a pantry which is literally lined with such treasures of brass, pewter, and glass as are in daily use, for some collectors believe, that HOMES AND GARDENS Jewish brass candelabrum of fine execution The old brasses in the Drake collection are among the finest of the sort in the world February, 1913 fully half of the intimate pleasure of ownership consists in making one’s valued possessions a part of everyday household utility. So in this wonderful house many of the objects used upon the table or elsewhere about the home, are the result of much traveling into the highways and the by-paths of many dif- ferent lands. The pantry where so many of these wonderful objects are placed is so arranged that it opens into the dining-room and also into one of the two drawing-rooms, which was, per- haps, the original dining-room of the house. Within the deep doorway into the last room are placed shelves which are filled with much antique glass in the form of medieval bottles, flagons and drinking cups; brass urns, coffee pots, kettles. Bandboxes attest Mr. Drake’s breadth of taste, and they suggest the stage coach, Paisley shawls and poke bonnets, those old objects of dress most interesting to women. This same era was the age of the sampler, and, excepting the brasses, no part of Mr. Drake’s great store of treasures is more fascin- ating than his collection of these quaint little squares of needlework which are everlasting memorials to the taste and untiring ingenuity of the little women by whom they were so patiently wrought. One room of this interesting old house has the walls lined with samplers, and they supply a note of human interest not often found in a wall-covering of any kind that measures the standard of rarity and age. Sis February, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 63 The = aa ae ere relenPene here does away er the old and complex system of tubing fe ee unientune with the jn The House Telephone By Henry Putnam Lewis Photographs by T. C. Turner and others the voice half across the continent is also the means of keeping the different depart- ments of the household in close touch with one another. So marvelously efficient is its service that both these widely dissimilar tasks are performed equally well. A certain city home built a generation ago, was then regarded as especially complete. One of the conveniences which so excited the admiration and envy of other home- keepers was a complex and wonderful system of speaking tubes which were intended to be the means of communica- tion between the different rooms. The house contained some fourteen rooms, and to render the service complete each room was provided with a tube to every other room, and these imposing arrays of porcelain receivers projecting from the wall, and other rows of bell buttons formed a feature which could hardly be called decorative. Another drawback was found in the propensity of these tubes to get out of order, as well as the cost necessary to main- tain repairs constantly necessary. All of this old order of affairs is changed The house mehaiic heats the various rooms in etre touch mili one Sinstey to-day in the household, large or small, which is equipped with the house telephone. The mechanism of this modern accessory to domestic convenience is exceedingly 1 inconspicu- ous and may be concealed in numerous ingenious ways which in no wise interfere with the very practical service which it renders without easily getting out of running order. Such telephones are particularly useful in a city home built, as most city houses are, to cover a small area but towering four, five or even six stories into the air. If the home be in the country the usefulness of the house telephone is even greater, for the house may be connected with the stable, the garage, and with any outbuilding that may be situated a considerable distance from the dwelling proper, but which are thus kept directly in touch with the master, the mistress or the housekeeper. The house telephone need not be a system separate and apart from the tele- phone which connects the house with the out- side world for, if a simple switchboard be provided, even the most inexperienced maid who may be on duty in the hall can easily connect the telephone with any room of the house, and the connection is, of ourse broken when the receiver is returned 64 to the hook and the wire thus made instantly available for another call. In writing about the tele- phone in the home it may be helpful to add a few words regarding the placing of the telephone and the disposition of the wooden box which ac- companies it. The telephone company will provide a cord of almost any reasonable length, which makes it pos- sible to place the box in some place where it is en- tirely concealed while the re- ceiver may be in another part of the room. One tele- phone which is very well ar- ranged has the box within a built-in window seat; in an- other instance it is placed be- hind the books in a set of low bookshelves. In both these cases the bells have been so muffled that their ring is only the faintest of tinkles and the receivers, which are of the smallest and most unobtrusive sort are set where they cannot in- terfere with the beauty of their surroundings. When planning a home, be it in city or country, why not provide a suitable place for the telephone? The telephone is placed most available to the ranges, but the cord can be AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS aaa ara A moment and a step puts the cook in communication with upstairs Its use in the home kept well sharpened by the young son of the family. telephone should be studied to make the most of its utility. February, 1913 is now almost as universal as the use of a system for light- ing or heating the house and its importance may as well be recognized and a fitting place made for it. By a suit- able place is meant some spot where one using the tele- phone may enjoy some de- gree of privacy, for nothing is more unsatisfactory than to use the telephone while a number of people are con- versing nearby or while mu- sic of any kind is in progress. A most complete little tele- phone room is part of a house not far from Boston. Here a tiny space some five feet square, ventilated and lighted by a small window, has been arranged under the stairs. The little room is provided with a door which makes it sound proof, the receiver is placed upon a low table, and a small settee is drawn up closelyathand. A clock is just above, and upona rack are telephone directory, time tables, and memoranda pads, while a drawer contains a supply of pencils which are The extended for use while working at the table February, 1913 THE GENTLE ART OF DOING WITHOUT By Harry Martin Yeomans m@|HEN furnishing the little house or apart- ment people frequently purchase furniture and decorations, which are cheap and taw- dry in appearance and also in doubtful taste, because they wish to stretch their appropria- tion for that purpose so that it will cover the entire house. It is a pardonable desire, perhaps, to want to get one’s house in order and have everything “fin- ished up,” but there are a great number of pieces of furni- ture which one can get along without and not be greatly inconvenienced, and the money spent for only such objects as are absolutely necessary. Then practice the Gentle Art of Doing Without, until such time as the exchequer has revived sufficiently to stand another attack. One will be surprised to find out how well you can get along with only a few pieces of furniture, and then grad- ually add those which you find are demanded by the needs of your family. This is especially true when you move into a new house, as no two houses are exactly alike and it is better to live in your new house, and get acquainted with it, before purchasing all of your furniture. This enables one to get a good perspective of his interiors, and you can then purchase furnishings with a better idea as to just what will be required, rather than purchasing beforehand, only to dis- cover that the larger pieces are out of scale with their sur- roundings. Most rooms are too crowded anyway with use- less furniture, some of which would not have been acquired, were it not for the fact, that it was bought in a hurry so as to have the house completely furnished by a certain date. The furnishing of a house that is to be a real home, is necessarily a gradual growth, and objects must be selected with care and discrimination, if one’s interiors are to be successful. Those who live in cities can effect a great sav- SSS WITHIN THE HOUSE SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries from subscribers pertainng to Home Decoration. should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 65 Stamps ing by waiting for the semi-annual furniture sales, which are usually held in August and February, when reductions are made whereby there is a saving of as much as one third to the purchaser. There are certain articles of furniture, such as a dining- room table, beds, etcetera, that it would be impossible to do without, so they should be purchased first, but the sideboard and china closet can wait until some other time. It should be definitely decided beforehand, exactly what style and kind of furniture will be used in each room, so that the final results will be consistent and not a hodge-podge of furni- ture. One family that I know of, resided in an old-fashioned city apartment, and as their dining-room furniture was quite impossible, they decided to change it for Colonial mahogany at some future time, although the exact date seemed rather remote. They would not compromise on anything short of the cherished mahogany, and as it was impossible to buy all of the furniture at one time, a start was made with a repro- duction of a small Hepplewhite sideboard having inlaid tapering legs, such as this designer liked to use. The side- board was purchased first, as it was seen at a special furni- ture sale, and an immediate purchase meant a saving of several dollars. After a brief period a beautiful Hepple- white mahogany, circular dining-room table was obtained. It was also inlaid and was an admirable companion for the sideboard. Later, some reproductions of Chippendale chairs were purchased at an August furniture sale. The slip seats were covered with green denim, but the owners recovered them at home with a fabric which brought them into closer color relationship with the rest of the room. After the furniture was assembled, they prevailed upon the landlord to put gray tapestry paper on the walls and paint the woodwork cream-white, which made a beautiful setting for the mahogany furniture. It took three years to do this, but they now have a Colonial dining-room of good taste. MEL ED ER RRMAs Liat ioe aa A PRE EN ee ee DEEN Raa itact eae eT Chinese ware is easily roa rabia in the shops Se ed and is distinctive and attractive 66 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Around the Garden FEBRUARY AND THE GARDEN HE Garden Editor often wonders why it is that those who profess a love for gardening are so content to occupy themselves with but one phase of their hobby—the planting, and why they give so little heed to the matter of planning. ‘The old-fashioned gardens were good gardens because they were well-planned gardens, and as we sit around the warm fireside these February evenings, with Winter’s vesture still with us outside, we can be doing few things more profitable than conjuring to the mind’s eye visions of our gardens-to-be, occupying ourselves with the pleasurable task of digging deeply into the garden lore with which the ever delightful and ever welcome catalogues of seedsmen and of nurserymen are annually fraught. It is all very well tc peep out of your window up- on the snowbound landscape of the wintry lawn and say to yourself joummer 1S a long way off. It wall bie) time enough to be bothering about gardens when the Crocus peeps up and the birds re- turn. Now those who consider gar- dening a ‘‘both- er” at all might as well leave garden- ing alone as to go at it with any thought of its be- ing a mere drudg- ery, Wo sien food necessities may appeal as the only impetus to planting a row of corn, a hill of cu- cumbers or a to- mato vine or two. However, that is not gardening, at least it is not the A MONTHLY KALENDER OF TIMELY GARDEN OPERA- TIONS AND USEFUL HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS ABOUT THE HOME GARDEN AND GROUNDS All queries will gladly be answered by the Editor. reply is desired by subscribers stamps should be enclosed therewith Star ois) aa oe The Winter landscape is still with us in February, and as we look out through the half-frosted windows we are grateful that the forethought of other seasons led us to plant trees and shrubs whose brown stems now lend warmth to the outdoor surroundings February, 1913 If a personal sort of gardening that puts joy in the heart and health in the cheeks. Instead, your true gardener will say to himself as he looks out upon the white-carpeted expanse of lawn, ‘‘Just there those evergreens I planted last Fall are lending grateful color to the season, the brown stems of those shrubs form a pleasing contrast against the white snow, and those trees cast shadow-patterns like blue em- broidery upon fair linen. Even in wintery season the things I planted are faithful to the promise they held forth—that I should find joy in them every day in the year, and so I shall remember all these things against the advent of another Winter and make my plans now for planting that shall grace every season.’ ‘These are the things that will be passing in the mind of your true garden-lover. He will be sending for all the new catalogues, eager to greet again the old things and to wonder about the new. Before it is time for him to be actually working in the soil he will have determined what he can plant, where he shall plant it, what ex- periments he will venture to make, what old mistakes he may rectify, and he will have had an opportun- ity to decide whether or not his purse will per- mit him to have the sort of a gar- den his fancy paints for him. If not, he will have been able to de- cide just what he can undertake and when buying and planting time comes around he will be able to go about his garden- making in a sen- sible, happy man- ner, his earn planning to be a success if the ele- ments are friendly. Oe ee February, 1913 By starting plants indoors early in the season the garden may be advanced several weeks AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 67 SOR oo Starting Plants Indoors By F. F. Rockwell Photographs by E. R. HE gardener who waits until the soil can be worked before sowing his first seeds is accepting a handicap that no amount of work can overcome. His garden, which, in early May, should begin to return something for all the work and materials put into it, will keep him waiting until long after that before he begins to draw his first dividends in the shape of fresh, tender lettuce and delicious young beets. It is, of course, possible to pro- cure the number of plants one needs from some local florist or seed-house. But the “number’”’ of plants is only half the requirement. To make sure of having exactly the varieties you want, and to have them in the best of condition, there is but one thing to do—start your own plants. Nor does this necessitate the convenience of a greenhouse, or of a hot-bed, even. A light, sunny window, where room for a generous table-top or a shelf can be had, in a place where the thermometer does not go below forty-five degrees or so on average nights, is all that is required. An occasional drop below forty de- grees will not prove fatal, but every time it occurs means that the growth of the plants will be that much retarded, and if too often re- péated their quality will be injured. The equipment for starting seeds indoors is simple. Next to light and warmth—as men- tioned above—a light, porous soil is the only necessity. Many failures in seed-starting are due to soil that is not fitted for this purpose. Richness is no advantage—in fact, is a drawback—but a physical condition which will retain moisture and at the same time let any surplus water drain off at once, and will not tend to form a “‘crust,’’ is the most vital factor in success with seeds. Such a soil it is difficult to find ready at hand; but it may be easily prepared by In starting plants seed, ‘‘flats’’ may be made from cracker boxes. should be left to facilitate drainage Rollins and the author mixing equal parts of rotted sod (or, in lieu thereof, garden soil that is well supplied with ‘“thumus’’) and leaf-mold, or very old, spent manure, such as may be taken out of a last year’s hot-bed. If you have not taken the precaution, the Fall previous, to put away some dirt where it would not freeze, the quickest way to get your seeds started now will be to go to some local florist and buy a bushel or two of soil from‘him. If this cannot be done, however, you need not give up. Get a pick-axe and loosen up a few good-sized chunks of dirt in the garden where the soil is lightest, and put it in the cellar near the furnace or in some other warm place to thaw out until it is fairly dry. Leaf-mold can usually be got in the woods, even in Winter weather, down under the surface layer of leaves in hollows, back of a wall, or in any other place where the accumulated débris of years has rotted away; or chip dirt from the bottom of the wood pile will serve as a substitute. To this mixture of loam and leaf-mold, add sand enough to make it slightly gritty, to “‘cut’”’ it so that it will crum- ble and fall apart readily when compressed in the hand. Having provided the right sort of soil in which to sow seeds, you will find that the biggest part of the “work” of seed-starting is over. From your grocer you can get a few cracker boxes, and these, sawed lengthwise into two-inch sections, and bottomed so that narrow spaces, say one half inch wide, are left between the boards, or else that several half-inch holes are bored in each one, will provide you with “‘flats”—just what you want for start- ing vegetable seeds and large flower seed. For very fine flower seed, such as Begonias, Heliotrope, Petunias, etc., a few seed-pans—which are made by the flower-pot manu- facturers—will be more convenient to handle; though if one cannot readily get them, a flat in which one row or so from Slits 68 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1913 apart. Fine seed is simply pressed into the soil. is given to each of the several varieties of fine-seeded flow- ers, and which can be looked after with special care, will answer the purpose. Cigar boxes are sometimes used, but they dry out very quickly. PREPARING THE BOXES So important is the matter of thorough drainage that, besides having a porous soil, and open-bottomed flats, still further precaution is taken by filling the flat about one third full of some coarse material, such as screenings, excelsior, or sphagnum moss, before putting in the dirt, which should come just a little below the edges of the box, so that when water is applied later it will not run over the top. In the corners and along the sides the soil should be pressed down firmly with the fingers, and made level and firm on the surface. Plenty of moisture in the soil is necessary to insure good germination. The usual way of applying this is to get everything ready, sow and cover the seed, and then give the box a thorough watering on the surface. A better way is either to give the flat of soil a soaking the day before planting, or to place it in a sink or tub, after planting, and put in just enough water to let it soak up through the soil from the bottom, until the first signs of moisture, indicated by the soil turning a darker color, show on the surface. Then let the box drain until it stops dripping before pla- cing it in heat. If no sink or tub is available for this sub- irrigation method, the same result may be had by filling the box not quite full, water- ing it until it is soaking wet, and then put on the rest of the soil, through which 1. Place rough material in the bottom of the box before putting in the soil. 2. Scatter seed thinly and evenly in rows two or three inches Note the seed board and dibber at end of the flat enough moisture will soak up from the saturated dirt below. SOWING THE SEEDS In the seemingly simple operation of sowing the seeds there are two things to be guarded against. ‘The first is putting them in too thickly; sow thinly, and then if there are any seeds left over, throw them away or keep for a second planting; if the seedlings come up crowded they cannot make good, stocky plants, and are much more subject to ‘damping off.” All but the very finest seeds I sow in rather broad rows two or three inches apart; this insures some light and air to every plant, and makes it much easier to get at them for transplanting. The second thing to be guarded against is too deep cov- ering. Such fairly large seeds as cabbage and lettuce may be covered an eighth of an inch or so; small flower seeds should be pressed into the soil with a smooth, flat piece of wood, and barely covered from sight with the lightest covering possible, such as cocoanut fiber (which may be bought of the florist) or sifted leaf-mold, or sphagnum moss—the latter may be had for the gathering in most woody swamps. GETTING A GOOD STAND When the little seeds have been thus snugly put to bed, the next problem is to get them to come up ‘“‘strong”’ in due course of time— which should be from three days to nearly three weeks, according to variety. The surest way of doing this is to find some way of supply- ing “‘bottom-heat,” as the florists term it. Where steam, hot-water, or hot-air radiator is available, this is 1. Little seedlings just breaking ground. 2. When ready for transplanting remove the soil with the seedlings in small chunks and then carefully separate the plants to keep the roots intact. 3. Critical stage of the plant growth February, Igr3 Water by sub-irrigation after “‘pricking-off.”” An inch or so of water : is poured into the metal tray easily arranged; simply place the seed flat over it by sup- porting it with two or three bricks. Otherwise, the back of the kitchen range, or a large lamp, or an oil heater, may be utilized, care being taken, in the last case, to have some metal between the direct heat of the flame and the flat, which should be far enough above it not to get actually hot on the bottom—yjust nice and warm. Such a degree of heat will, of course, tend to dry the earth out very rapidly, and this may be counteracted by placing a large pane of glass over the box, raised a quarter of aninch or so at one end. Upntil the seeds begin to break ground they may be kept in the dark as well as not; in fact, if placed where the sunlight strikes them directly, should be kept shaded by a piece of newspaper laid on the glass covering, but the minute they are up they should receive all the light possible and be kept near the window. THE CRITICAL PERIOD OF GROWTH From the time the cotyledons or “‘seed-leaves’ appear until the seedlings are big enough to transplant is the most critical period of plant growth. If the flats have been prepared as suggested above, no further watering will be necessary in most cases until the seeds have sprouted. If it is necessary, as is indicated by the soil becoming light in color and dry to the touch on the sur- face, give the flat another sub-irrigation, or water with a very fine spray or through a piece of thick cloth in order that the surface may be neither washed nor “‘crusted.”’ As the little seedlings start along care must be taken not to over-water: they will do better and be safer if kept slightly on the “dry side.” When water is given, however, it should be a pretty thorough soaking, and the sub-irrigation method is by far the best way of applying it, as the soil will be thoroughly wet through, and the foliage neither wet nor the little seedlings bent over by the force of water coming in contact with them. If watering must be done with a watering can, be careful to apply it only on a bright morning, so that the foliage will become thoroughly dried off before night. Moisture in the air, as well as in the soil, is necessary for the best results. Where the room is heated with steam or hot air, it is rather dificult to maintain the normal degree of moisture in the atmosphere. ‘This unfavorable condition may be to a large extent counteracted by giving all the fresh air possible and by evaporating water near the plants, flat, shallow pans AMERICAN HOMES Ready for the garden soil. Box of stock seedlings ready for transplanting Young beets ready for transplanting AND GARDENS 69 Harden off first by a few nights’ exposure to weather out of doors being best to use for this purpose. If they can be kept in a bay-window or some similar nook, which may be shut off from the rest of the room by curtains or doors, quite ideal surroundings may be provided. The temperature at which the seedlings of most early vegetables and flowers will thrive should be about forty-five to fifty at night and sixty to seventy during the day. When the temperature of the room will not be too much lowered, air should be given freely for a while every day, care being taken not to let any cold draft strike directly on to the seed- boxes. In many cases the air in the room may be freshened by opening a door or window in an adjoining room. If the plants are kept near a window, on very cold, windy nights, it may be advisable to move them further into the room, or to put a layer or two of newspapers, which are splendid ‘‘non-conductors” of cold or heat, between the glass and the plants. While most of the seeds sown will do well, as mentioned above, in a temperature of forty-five to fifty at night, there are several that require fifty-five to sixty, to come along as rapidly as they ought. These include toma- toes, peppers, and egg-plants; melons, cucumbers, corn, and lima beans (which are sometimes started in paper pots or on small pieces of in- verted sod packed together in a flat and covered with fine light soil), and such heat-needing flowers as Begonias, Salv- ias, and Heliotrope. These, fortunately for the grower of plants in the house, may all come along after the early veg- etables: for instance, if cabbage and lettuce seed is planted in February and tomatoes and peppers a month or so later, they will be sprouted about. the time the former are transplanted, and can then occupy the space thus made vacant; and by the time these are ready to transplant, and put outside, the earlier vegetables will have been set out in the garden, so there will again be room for the newcomers. All this may seem a lot of trouble to go to; but, as a matter of fact, after the seeds are once planted, it will re- quire but a few minutes’ attention daily—and there is no garden operation more intensely interesting than closely watching the tiny seed sprouts pushing their way up through the soil, and growing daily larger and stronger as they strive toward the life-giving light. Eternal vigilance—which is not at all the same thing as constant attention—is the price of success; and when it 70 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS is remembered that a single flat will give you anywhere from 200 to 1000 little seedlings, it is not much of a task after all. THE ART OF TRANSPLANTING At the end of a few weeks your little plants will be ready for a shift—and the sooner they are transplanted after they are ready the better. Usually the forming of the third or fourth “true” leaf will indicate when they are large enough, and they should by this time each have a nice little bunch of rootlets to take hold of the new soil. The most. convenient way of handling them is to trans- plant into flats similar to those used for sowing the seed, but about an inch deeper. ‘The soil used should be a little heavier—that is, the proportions of leaf mold and sand can be lessened, or for strong-growing vegetables, such as cabbage and lettuce, left out altogether. But a little well- rotted manure should be mixed in place of this, to make the soil both richer and lighter. If this is not to be had con- veniently, use the leaf-mold or chip-dirt in place of it, and mix with the whole a little bone flour, which can be bought of the local dealer in fertilizers. Fill the flat half full of soil, scatter a small handful of the bone flour over it, enough to cover the whole surface lightly, mix it in, and put in the rest of the soil on top. If you can, however, mix the soil up a week or so ahead, using two to three pints to a bushel of soil, as this gives the bone a chance to become more avail- able for the immediate use of the plants. Good drainage should be assured by leaving holes or cracks in the bottoms of the boxes, and by putting a layer of coarse material in the bottom of the box. Have the earth moist but not sticky, as if it is either too wet or too dry it will greatly hamper your operations in transplanting. If necessary, water it a day or two in advance, just as you did for sowing the seeds, or it may be “sub-irrigated” in the same way. Having all in readiness, with an old knife lift out a little bunch of the seedlings, soil and all, as the little rootlets are frail and break very easily; next pull them gently apart, let- ting as much earth as possible cling to the roots, and lay them out on a piece of glass or shingle so they may be readily picked up: take out only a few at a time, to avoid any possibility of the roots getting dried off. With the left forefinger make a hole large enough to take in the roots of a seedling and deep enough to cover it half or two thirds up the stem, and with the right hand put the plant in place, and with the tips of the thumbs and forefingers of both hands firm the soil about it, pressing both downward and inward toward the roots. After the operation is com- pleted, the little plant should stand up straight and stocky, and be so firmly imbedded that it can hardly be pulled up before breaking. CARE AFTER TRANSPLANTING For three or four days after they have been “pricked off,” the young seedlings should be shaded from direct bright sunshine during the middle of the day—say, 11 to 2 o'clock. If conditions have been right, they will become established by that time, and grow very rapidly. They should receive the same general care as when in the seed- boxes, except that as they gain strength they will require more water and will be benefited by all the fresh air that can be given them. If a considerable number of plants are to be started, extra room will have to be provided for them after transplanting. The simplest way of doing this is to provide a cold frame— simply a board frame extending a few inches into the soil, about six inches high in front and twelve in back, and long enough to accommodate the number of ‘‘sashes’’ required, the regular size sash being three by six feet and costing $2.50 to $3.50, ready glazed and painted. But a few straight-edged boards and old windows will answer the pur- pose. Storm windows are just the thing, and as they can February, 1913 be usually spared from the house about the time they would be wanted for this purpose, can thus be made to do double service every year. “HARDENING OFF” THE PLANTS Whether kept in the house or put outdoors in the frame, as the plants grow larger, and the weather gets milder, they should be given more and more air, and as soon as the nights become sufficiently warm, should be left uncovered. This process not only keeps them in a healthy state, but makes them hardy, so that the final shift to the garden will not prove too much for them. If the temperature should unexpectedly drop some night, and you find your cherished plants all stiff and icy in the morning, don’t despair, as such hardy things as lettuce, cabbage, cauliflower, and beets, or pansies and the annuals, will come through a straight freez- ing all right, if you treat them as follows—give a good drenching with ice-cold water, and then keep carefully shaded from the sunlight and in as cool a place as possible, above freezing. Tomatoes, peppers, or other warm- blooded things, will, of course, not survive as much cold as the above. They are, however, not put outdoors until warmer weather, and with reasonable precaution there is little fear of losing them. Your cold frame or window sashes, if covered at night with old bags, blankets, or car- peting, will keep off a good many degrees of cold. POTTED PLANTS The ‘“‘tender”’ plants—tomatoes, peppers, egg-plants, etc. —all require a second transplanting to get them into really good shape to give quick results in the garden. After the first transplanting, if they are given the proper degree of heat—so to 60 degrees at night and 65 to 75 in the day— and plenty of water and fresh air, they will develop so rapidly that in a few weeks they will begin to crowd one another in the boxes, if they have been set the same distance apart as the lettuce and cabbage plants—two or three inches each way. ‘This is the signal for a second shift, which should not be at all delayed, as they are now growing very rapidly and will at once begin to “run up” and get weak and pale-colored if they are not given more room. For this second transplanting the same sort of soil is used, and they can also again be put into “flats,” but it will be of advantage to have these a little deeper—say four inches deep—than they were before. Eighteen to twenty- four plants will be enough to put in a flat this time. The best results, however, will be had by putting each individual plant in a pot, using three-, three and a half- or four-inch size, the last being the best. By this method the plants will not only grow to a larger size and be more evenly developed, but the roots, being in a compact mass, and undisturbed when they are set out into the garden, will receive practically no setback at all, and the plants continue growth almost uninterruptedly. Set the plants well down in the pots, which should not be filled level-full of earth, but left with a depression about the top almost half an inch deep, to retain the water when they are being watered. Care must be taken, after this second transplanting, to shade from the bright sun carefully for a few days, just as before. PLANTS FOR THE FLOWER-GARDEN Most of the flower plants which may be started from seed—Zinnies, Cosmos, Risinus, Stocks, Balsans, etc.— should be handled in this way too. Pansies, Dasies, Asters, Sweet Alyssum, African Dasies, and some other similar kinds, however, may be given only one transplanting, and set into the garden or border directly from the flats. Before setting out they should, of course, be “‘hardened off” just as the vegetable plants are. Your rows of spring vegetables and flower beds, coming along weeks ahead of your neighbors’, who have had less forethought, will amply repay you for the trouble, if “trou- ble” you consider it, of starting plants in the house windows. February, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 7. THE SETTING OF THE TABLE By Elizabeth Atwood Saag] entertain well is the innermost desire of =$¥-44|| every housewife who wishes to be recog- nized as a real homemaker. It may be that she can only offer two courses; it may be chat she can only share her one course, or it may be the formal meal with an accom- panying desire for something novel; but, underneath, the housewife likes to do the best she can with the materials TABLE AND HOUSEHOLD SUGGESTIONS OF INTER- EST TO EVERY HOUSEKEEPER AND HOUSEWIFE and all gelatinous compounds may be prepared two days beforehand and laid on the ice until needed. Croquettes, which take so long a time to mold into shape, may be pre- pared the day before a luncheon is to be given. The hostess who must do all these things unaided, must have as much ready the day before as she possibly can. Celery may be prepared the afternoon before and not lose any of its flavor, while radishes must be prepared on the same day. The wise woman is she who plans and considers these aids to- ward simplifying the labor of the day of her entertaining, and who will not undertake the more complicated kinds of she can supply. There are many who would like to entertain, but fear to do so because of the expense or trouble involved. calls the planning and supervision of every necessary detail trouble, then trou- ble must be reckoned with; for, without this care, individuality is lost, and some- thing else, too; the loving thoughtfulness which only the hostess herself may put into such entertaining. Veritably, a part of herself. No matter how well a ca- terer may prepare and serve his formal meal, a subtle atmosphere which pervades the dining-room which is dominated by the spirit of the housewife is lacking. The spirit which carries a woman through the planning and developing of a meal determines the difference between trouble and pleasure. We all know well the difference between the perfunctory meal served to cancel a fancied obliga- tion and the hearty, cordial meal served, maybe, without any help at all, where we forget instantly the trouble it may have been to her who serves us the well-selected repast, because of her evident pleasure. This means that the hostess should, with true deliberation and forethought, so plan her entertaining that she may be able to appear fresh and radiant for her friends, even if she can have no help whatever. The woman who can com- mand all the needful help needs execu- tive force, and must plan her meal so well that her countenance may be serene when her guests arrive. In either situation great care is needed in the planning and preparation. All foods which can be got ready a day or two beforehand should be ready, so that the pressure on the eventful day may be just so much less. For instance, aspics Valentine Cake: food. If one RECIPE FOR VALENTINE CAKE By Mary H. Northend REE: One cup. sugar, five egg yolks, one fourth teaspoon salt, three quarter cup flour, one half teaspoon cream of tartar, five egg whites, one and one half tablespoons orange juice, and one _ teaspoon lemon juice. Beat yolks until lemon colored and thick; then add the flav- oring and sugar and continue beat- ing. Mix and sift flour and cream of tartar four times. Then cut and fold in the whites of the egg beaten stiff, alternately with flour. Bake in a deep tin one hour in a moderate oven. Ice with the following: one cup of confectioner’s sugar, one egg white, one teaspoon flavoring extract, one half teaspoon lemon juice. Mix ingredients and beat until thick, spreading upon the cake. To deco- rate the cake make an ornamental frosting and color pink, using the pastry bag and tube to make the row of leaves around the top and bottom of the cake, and the little flowers on the row of leaves on the top. Small “roses” may be made to hold the candles, and a candy Cupid is placed in the center. Around the sides of the cake place candy hearts, cut from pink and white peppermints and alternate them, having first a pink, then a white peppermint heart. This is a tested recipe, and makes a beauti- ful cake for either a child’s or a grown-up’s Valentine party. She may also eliminate much of the cost in adapting the more inexpensive materials, and, through serving of these productions daintily, increase her popu- larity as a hostess, for who cares to add — to the burdens of one’s hostess by coming again and again when one knows the re- past has been too expensive. On the other hand, we do enjoy accepting hospitality where we know the outlay has not been too great for the pocketbook, and where my lady is serene and happy, absolute mistress of the occasion. In order to do all this, one should have a simple menu, one calling for care in its preparation necessarily, but which be- comes simple in its serving. When just as much care and thought has been given as though it were a more elaborate affair, the result is sure to be satisfactory to both hostess and guest. Let the cooking be as perfect as possible; serve hot things hot, not lukewarm, and cold things thoroughly cold. These are the things which go to- ward making one glad to be the guest. The table and its appointments is, of course, very important. I insist that one’s table should always be ready for com- pany. That is, it should be as much a part of a mother’s desire to present the food to her children in an attractive form, her table should be neat, and she should make an effort to have a pretty table ready for them when they come in from school, tired and oftentimes troubled. The special affairs calling for extra ef- fort will then be only a matter of decora- tion, for service and the laying of the table, being already correct, will not become any bugbear. The-first thing to consider is: What are the requirements which make correct table service? What is correct as 72 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS a whole for one may not be possible for another. A beauti- ful table, with its original centerpiece, may be made out of some mosses and ferns, and be correct for the woman of small means, where orchids would not. There are some absolute rules about the placing of the dishes and silver on the table that everyone should know. All undue gorgeousness should be avoided even by the woman of unlimited means, unless the occasion is very formal. There are many wild flowers which lend them- selves wonderfully to take decoration, and a woman who plans her table decorations herself will often evolve delightful schemes which will carry great personal- ity, but restraint should generally be in order. For breakfast, where fruit, cereal, and coffee with toast are served, the setting of the table is very simple. A central dish of fruit should be placed on the centerpiece whether cloth or doilies are used on the table. We oftener see doilies used now, and I think the table is less for- mal and more graceful as well as cosy with doilies than with a cloth. Then for each person there should be a fruit plate with doily on plate and a finger bowl one third full of water. On the right of the plate place a fruit knife and on the left of the plate a fruit spoon. At the right of each plate place a tumbler of water and an extra tum- bler for milk, where milk may be served. At the left put a little plate for butter. At the right lay a small knife for butter, a teaspoon, and a dessert- spoon with bowls turned up, while the napkin should be placed at the left. The hostess should see that the water is poured just be- fore ringing the breakfast bell, and also look over the table and make sure that everything is placed upon it. A large spoon and cereal dishes should be placed before the person who is to serve the cereal. If a maid is serving, she will remove the fruit plates and finger-bowls, and place a cereal dish on a plate to each person as she does so. Then she will take the serving dish of cereal, holding it at the left of each person as she passes it around. The hostess serves the coffee usually and the maid places the cup at the right of each person. If only all of a house- hold sit down together, it does not take wondrous skill to serve it properly, for it becomes easy to make all comfort- able, and good cheer is the result. There should never be any hurry for the stomach’s sake. Hot toast should be brought in from time to time; this may easily be managed even when one has no maid. Always keep the air of your THE RIGHT AND THE WRONG WAY OF ARRANGING A BREAKFAST TRAY By Mary H. Northend The above illustration suggests a decided contrast between the right way to arrange a breakfast tray and the wrong way as illustrated below. There are few things more important in the sick-room than the attrac- tive arrangement of the invalid’s tray, a matter too often carelessly attended to February, 1913 dining-room pure and fresh, and be sure to open the win- dows wide after breakfast. For luncheon, place your floral centerpiece, whatever you choose it to be. At the foot of the table your tray or mat for the meat, with carving knife and fork, and a spoon for the gravy. At the head of the table place the stand for cocoa, tea, or coffee, also sugar- bowl and tongs, cream pitcher, and cups and saucers. The setting of the places must be governed by the needs of the things to be served. If soup is to be served, a soup spoon at the right; if oysters on the half-shell, an oyster fork upon the left. The luncheon knife on the right with - the sharp edge toward the plate, and on the left the luncheon fork with its tines turned up. The salad fork also at the left, with another fork if pastry is to be the dessert, each placed in the order of serving. You may have your dessert forks and plates on the sideboard if you prefer. One must keep in mind that the position of knives, forks, and spoons is determined by the need for them; then the placing of them is a matter of the taste of the _ hostess, whether they are to be in a straight row or inten- tionally irregular. The napkin always at the left and the tumbler to the right. This applies to the dinner table as well as to the luncheon. Doilies are now used for luncheon quite as much as are table- cloths. For dinner, the cloth . should always be used and napkins folded simply. The edge of the knife towards the plate, and bowls of spoons and tines of forks always turned up. Knives and spoons must be placed at the right of the plate and the forks at the left. Bread and but- ter plates should be placed to the left, tumblers to ; the right. A dinner table is much more attractive and really invites one when in laying the table a beautiful plate is placed for each person. Olives, nuts, bonbons, and pickles may be placed in small dishes in the middle of the table, also celery and radishes. Unless the vegetables are in a semi-liquid form they may all be eaten from the dinner plate. A safe rule for every hostess to follow is to try her experiments upon her family, both as to serving and as to the cooking of the things to be served. Another is, three courses, exquisitely served and properly cooked, is far better than six courses which fail in some of the details. ‘This applies particularly to the person who desires to entertain well and who does her own work. There are many simple menus which may be prepared and served with daintiness. February, 1913 S82)(0) Collectors’ Department Readers of AmertcaN Homes AND GARDENS who are interested in old furniture, silver, prints, brass, miniatures, medals, paintings, textiles, glass, in fact in any field appealing to the collector are invited to address any enquiries on such matters to the Editor of the “Collectors Department,” and such letters of enquiry will receive careful atten- tion. Correspondents should enclose stamps for reply. Foreign correspondents may enclose the stamps of their respective countries. M.E. Ladder back chairs are those deco- rated with supports arranged horizontally in ladder fashion. Various types of this style exist but fine examples are uncommon and are well worth the collector’s trouble in searching for them. Those of superi- ority in the matter of design may be deter- mined by the well-balanced proportion that should be in evidence in the arrangement of the ladder rails. Ladder back chairs often exhibit a combination of styles— Sheraton, Queen Anne and other lines being suggested in their design. Just as the home of the Windsor chair appears to have been almost confined to southern Eng- land, so was the ladder back chair evolved in the northern countries. However, chairs of this sort are not confined to England, they being native to the Contifient as well, though these Continental chairs have lines peculiar to themselves, certain of the French ones, for instance, being strongly influenced by the vogue of the Empire style. L.S.G. Warming pans are not the particu- lar product of any country. They seem to have evolved from the dictates of climatic necessity in countries experiencing the severity of decided Winter seasons. We find examples from the Netherlands, Bel- gium, Russia, Germany, the Scandinavian countries, England and elsewhere. Col- lectors should look carefully into the mat- ter as Holland has been somewhat prolific in the production of modern imitations of antique examples, or, more unfortunately still, has fabricated modern spurious ‘“an- tiques,” bearing ancient dates, but still strongly impressed with the earmarks of the modernity of the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twen- tieth. Many fine old English warming pans found their way to America in Colonial times, and in the early post-revolutionary period. Collectors may still hope to come across good examples in uninspected places. In passing it is interesting to note that Shakespeare makes it clear to us that warming pans were in use in Elizabethan days, and that they were continued to the early Victorian period is again vouched for by Charles Dickens. With so long and honorable an existence it is safe to assume that the world has produced a goodly num- ber of warming pans, many of which are extant to add zest to the collector’s zeal and to record those days of discomfort which afford delightful reading, but were attended with precarious living from the point of view of the twentieth century partaker-tenant of Mother Earth’s. N.R.R. The piece of fabric which you forwarded for examination is a bit of very early English printed calico of the late Seventeenth Century, with contemporary portraits in the pattern. The vogue of chintz was originally brought about by the need of a material to take the place of the silks and tapestries of persons of wealth materials those of lesser means could not afford, Fortunately ancestral generations Heat nious. have endured through centuries. in construction. ACH piece we make bears our shop- mark. It is not a mere label; it is inlaid—made a lasting part of the piece. Ask the salesman to show it to you. It is an enduring guaranty of material, design, workmanship and value, and sym- bolizes the principles which have formed our policy for over half a century. Our dealer, with the displays on his floors and our portfolio of direct photo- gravures, will enable you to select from our entire line. The choosing of one or two pieces, or furniture for the entire home, is made simple and pleasant. Berkey & Gay Furniture Co. 178 Monroe Ave., Grand Rapids, Michigan AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS f|-~ (OOD FURNITURE should not only be an indication of good taste but il r| Of careful choice. Your home is an expression of your self; your furniture, wisely selected, makes your home harmo- You no longer buy furniture for today, you buy it for the future. Berkey & Gay furniture expresses the thoughts and principles which are known to be lasting, for the simple reason that they represent those which Our master workers think and feel and work as did the great furniture designers and makers of the historical periods. With them, the wood is a medium for the expression of truth in design and Quality with them is above price—they make a piece so because it cannot be right unless it is so. Berkey & Gay furniture you are buying For Your Children’s Heirlooms For this reason, when you buy stand our furniture is to read our de luxe book, ‘‘ Character in Fur- niture.’?’ We cannot issue a catalog, because we do not make catalog furniture. ‘Character in Furniture’ informs you of the reasons for period pieces, gives you the history of their development. We will send you a copy for fifteen two-cent stamps. Also, if you wish, we will send you, free, “The Story of Berkey & ~ Gay,’’ which tells how the ambition of two young men established America’s furniture cen- |. ter in Grand Rapids, OO splendid way to know and under- This inlaid mark of honor identifies to you eack Berkey & Gay piece E wish to call attention to the fact that A we are in a position to render com- petent services in every branch of patent or trade-mark work. Our staff is composed of mechanical, electrical and chemical experts, thoroughly trained to pre- pare and prosecute all patent applications, irrespective of the complex nature of the subject matter involved, or of the specialized, technical, or scientific knowledge required therefor. PUA PLA PLA PLA PUA PLA FLA We are prepared to render opinions as to validity or infringement of patents, or with regard to conflicts arising in trade- mark and unfair competition matters. We also have associates throughout the world, who assist in the prosecution of patent and trade-mark applications filed in all countries foreign to the United States. MUNN & CO., Patent Attorneys, 361 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Branch Office: 625 F Street, N. W. EA Washington, D. C. iY FRENCH PLATE GLASS REVOLVES Li m7 mm mil PASSES EVERYTHING USED ON THE TABLE Servette is a revolving domestic serve-self arrange- ment whereby you help yourself without disturbing and interrupting others. Servette stands in the center of your table, and eliminates waste motion, A . It enables th. diners to eat without double-crossing, thwarting and blocking each other's movements. It promotes peace in the household, and puts a premium on sociability. si It has no nights off, no “‘off days,’’ receives no ‘‘ genlemen friends,”’ and never basely deserts youin a pinch. Servette solves the waitress problem effectually, decisively and for all time. It is a most useful and necessary table-appoint- ment, one that will grow in grace and favor as the days pass. Each Servette comes in two parts, top of French Plate glass, (Sterling Silver or Solid Gold filigree, if desired), and base of nickel. For Wedding, Anniversary, Birthday or other joyous occasion, Servette makes a specially beautiful, ornamental and serviceable gift, one that will not be duplicated. Try Servette for ten days, then if you are not more than satished with your investment, your money will be refunded without question. Shipment prepaid on orders from points east ofthe Mississippi River. rite for interesting booklet about Servette. Prices on application. THE McGRAW MANUFACTURING CO. Hemlock Boulevard, McGraw, N. Y. Xli AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1913 How would you like to have a copy of the book which contains the original of this handsome illustration, greatly enlarged, besides many other views, both interior and exterior, of classy, modern homes? This plate isa reproduction of a pagein “The Door Beautiful,” an artistic book of MORGAN {EE8u55, DOORS PERFECT HARDWOOD full of straight, common-sense information about home building, and clear, convincing illustrations to explain the text. We are giving a copy of this book free to every prospective builder who asks for it. May wesend youone? Your name ona postal, with request, will bring it. Write today. MORGAN SASH & DOOR COMPANY, Dept. B2, CHICAGO, U. S. A. MORGAN COMPANY MORGAN MILLWORK Co. Oshkosh, Wis. Baltimore, Md. ARCHITECTS: Descriptive details of Morgan Doors may be found in Sweet’s Index, pages 910 and 911. Morgan Doors are sold by dealers who do not substitute. Look for this brand on the top rail before you buy. If you would Build Beautifully Get These Books First One good new idea, while you are planning your home, is worth the price of many books. Circular FREE Two Magnificent Books on Home Building Modern Dwellings—9x12 in. 200 Illus. BOTH ($3,500 to $50,000) with Plans 1.50 BOOKS American Homes—150 Illustrations $2 00 ($2,500 to $10,000) with Plans . $1.00 ° These books contain a profusion of the latest ideas in Georgian, Colonial, English, Bungalow, &c. For those who are Planning to Build GEO. F. BARBER & CO., Architects, Knoxville, Tenn. VACUUM CLEANERS Broomell’s “VICTOR” Electric Stationary for all kinds of buildings. Electric Portable, weight 55 pounds. Country Homes special or use with Gasoline Engine. VICTOR CLEANER COMPANY Manufacturers YORK PENNSYLVANIA BUILD A DISTINCTIVE HOME Regardless of the cost your home may be built from a distinctive design characteristic of you —of a necessity it will be beautiful. ‘‘ Distinctive Homes and Gardens’’ give all possible assistance by showing countless examples of what is good, covering every phase of building. No. 1—35 de- signs, $1000 to $6000, $1.00; No.2—35 designs, $6000 to $15000, $1.00; No. 3— Combining No. 1 and 2, $1.50. Stock plans priced in each book. 7 THE KAUFFMAN COMPANY 624 Rose Building, Cleveland, Ohio ROOKSECO. CLEVELAND. O- S. FLOORSSIDEWALK LIGHTS. A Bright New Book of 180 Pages for 1913 Telling the Plain Truth about BURPEE-QUALITY SEEDS, is mailed Free of Cost to Gardeners everywhere upon Application to W. ATLEE BURPEE & CO. Burpee Buildings, Philadelphia did not crave tawdry imitations and re- main curious till they got them—satisfied when they did, instead they evolved ma- terials within their means, and the strength of character which was the backbone of their sincere desire to progress towards bet- ter things so impressed itself upon the periods of the earlier centuries that we have no hesitancy in admitting the finer examples of the farmhouse furniture of yesterday into the living-rooms of our houses in good taste to-day. Indeed chintz, at its best period became a fashionable ma- terial in decoration and remained popular until the haircloth of Victorian ingenuity smothered it for some decades. But sur- vived this calamity—and a revival of the interest in the old patterns has been brought about by the quaint charm these old fabrics possessed. The old chintzes or printed cot- tons which suffered from the advent of haircloth often remained hidden beneath this dismal covering, and the writer recalls many occasions on which he has been pres- ent at the resurrection of these old fabrics when their superiors have been driven forth to the oblivion of the flames. In- deed every true collector who comes into possession of an old chair, sofa or stool that needs recovering, will do well to take a peep beneath the coverings of early ma- terials in the hope of discovering original chintzes for even though these chintzes may not be restored in their entirity, specimens of those of excellence in de- sign may still serye many purposes and they are eagerly sought for by collectors of textiles and museums of industrial arts. E.B. The photograph of the vase-like jar you send clearly shows that it is a piece of Nalian Majolica, an albarella or drug-pot similar in lines and inscription to one in the Sampson collection which was recently shown by the American Art Association previous to the sale of the collection in January. Although your albarella is probably of Nineteenth Century Deruta manufacture and not an_ old piece. D.A. von E. The Blue-bell shaped mark with the four tiny petal-like circles above the central point at the bell and the curled stem to the right below of which you send a tracing ‘would indicate that the piece of faience about which you ask is blue Rouen of the second period, that is to say from 1710 to 1755. The Metro- politan Museum of Art, New York con- tains some very fine examples of early Rouen, notably those from the Morgan collection. , W.S.T. You will find some very fine ex- amples of Paul Revere’s craft as a silver- smith on exhibition in the - Boston Museum of Fine Arts. The march num- ber of American Homes and Gardens will illustrate a number of these in con- nection with an article on “Early Ameri- can Silver.” G.C.L. The little prints you submitted for inspection are proofs from the origi- nal woodblocks by Alexander Anderson, the early American wood engraver from which (the blocks having been well pre- served) your proofs were taken after their original use. Anderson is said to have executed over 150 engravings on wood after his ninetieth year. Excellent ex- amples of his work may be obtained in the various print shops, and collectors interested in the history of engraving: in America will do well to turn their attention to collecting - them as the opportunity offers itself. February, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS x1 THE PROPOSED TRANS-SAHARA RAILWAY RAILROAD project of great scope is A the Trans-Sahara line, which the French government proposes to carry out in the near future. Not long ago several expeditions were sent out in order to study the conditions for running the railroad across the desert region, and this part of the work is now terminated. It is thought that the entire plans can be drawn up be- fore the end of this year. Such a railroad will afford a connection between Algeria, Morocco, and the desert region, with the French colonies situated in the regions of the Congo and the Niger, so as to inter- connect all the colonies, whence a great ad- vantage will be secured not only for com- merce, but also for military purposes, al- lowing the native troops which it is pro- posed to raise in the Senegal and Congo region to be transported to the north of Africa or even across the Mediterranean into France under the protection of the fleet. The present expedition consisted of a number of leading engineers and officers of the War Department, and a caravan of fifty men and 120 camels started from El Aoulef, the southern. terminus of the AI- gerian railroad, in order to cross the desert. The expedition divided at Silet in order to explore several different regions. Among others, Dr. Niger took a southeastern route, so as to find the best conditions for running the railroad as far as Lake Tchad. His party then returned through British Ni- geria by way of the new railroad from Kano to the coast. The other expeditions foliowed different routes in order to trace lines for the general project, and in all cases the proposed lines make connection with already-existing railroads in the south- ern region lying between Timbuctoo and Lake Tchad. WILD HONEY IN SOUTH AFRICA NUMBER of curious facts concern- ing the wild honey of the northern lransv aal have been published in a South African agricultural journal, in which the writer, Mr. E. N. Marais says that two distinct kinds of honey are recognized, viz., the ordinary golden-yellow honey, com- mon to all parts of the world, and a snowy white kind, known to the Boers as “‘sheep- tail fat honey.” The latter is described as beautiful in appearance and of most delici- ous flavor; it is also reputed to possess valuable therapeutic qualities. When ex- pressed from the comb it almost im- mediately assumes the consistency of vase- line. Its special qualities are said to be due to the fact that the bees extract it only from certain grasses. The hives are usually in hollow trees; sometimes in ant-bear holes or ant-hills. Gathering wild honey appears to be a favorite pursuit of the Transvaal native, and one that has some peculiar features. The bee-hunter wear no protective cloth- ing, but appear to be so thoroughly inocu- lated with formic acid as to be immune to its effects, The favorite honey is produced by a stingless bee, called the “moka,” of which there are two species. The larger of these builds only in the ground and in very hard soil. The hive is found at the bottom of a shaft having the diameter of a lead pencil, and from two to five feet deep. The honey is not stored in the comb, but in wax bags, each about as large as a good-sized thimble; these are cemented to- gether with wax, forming a cluster about the size of an orange. Is Your Refrigerator - The nee Press Job PRINTERS OUR doctor will tell you that a refrigerator which Fine be k lean Book Art and wholesome, as and Press AES (eats 1 AIEEE Catalog Work Cae Bee, “ws to your j The Monroe is the Work A Specially Only Refrigerator With Genuine Solid Porce- 137-139 E. 25th St, New York |} | Genzine Solid Porce Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS which can be kept free of breeding places for disease germs that poison food which in turn poisons people. il Poisoning Your F amily? 30 Days Trial NOT cheap por- 7 Sel SD) celain-ENAMEL, but one piece of white un- Factory Price i breakabl celai are OVER AN INCH = hat ll breakable porcelain wa hy ale alles THICK—nothing to crack, chip, or absorb Cash or Credit On moisture—as easily cleaned as a china bowl— Direct from fac- every corner ROUNDED—not a single crack, tory to you —saving joint orany other lodging place for dirt and Send at CLINCH right through the you store profits. pay freight and gu antee your back and removal the germs of disease and decay. once for Free Book fine: ree oOo frigerators which explains all this and tells you how to materially reduce the high cost of living—how to have better, more nourishing food—how to keep food longer without spoiling—how to cut down ice bills—how to guard against sickness— doctor's bills. standing seam cf metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We makea similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PHILADELPHIA are not satisfied. convenient for Send for boc —Letter or postal. PATENTED SUTTER QE 2 $1.00 Portfolio of Wood Panels and Book Send FREE Coupon Today PHILS portfolio will be found instructive and most valuable to home builders. It shows the artistic effects that may be obtained with Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax on Oak, Pine, Birch, Maple, Cypress, Gum, etc. The book tells how to obtain these results on floors, woodwork and furniture. Johnson’s Wood Dye is a dye not a stain; it sinks deep down, bringing out the natural beauty of the gre iin. half an hour it will be perfectly dry. No dust stic ks, no streaks show. It is not only beautiful but lasting and easy to use. It may be applied over old, In fa Name S. C. Johnson & Son o ° AG URES Selcteteletetsintaiates ilalalslelaisislelalaia Racine, Wisconsin : The Wood Finishing Authorities s TEPEET PETE OT EEE ETT SORE We ar- money of refrigerator at no ex- pense to you jf ye ou absolutely Easy terms if more you. ok NOW Monroe Refrigerator Co., Sta. 3B., Lockland, Ohio > yuvnnnUneTAQUUENGAOUGUUETEOUUEEOOOUUUEETOUUUUEENOUUUEYNOUUEENOUUUUESHOUUEEE AAO UvENEGUEOETAAOTENETETONEEEEATEEEEATAEEANATE worn varnish or. 2 $1.25 shellac. Made in 17 popular shades such as Mission Oak, Early English, Mahogany, s C Fumed Oak, etc. Pe oupon e e . S. C. Johnson If You Are Building “ («* 1S: Racine, Wis. a new home, or repairing or remodeling an oldone, yon need our 25c. Book. - 1am nterested in building, Get the dollar portfolio and book now—to insure the right artistic wood - alse Said BS Dee ee effects with least expense and trouble. Send coupon today. & EGO SLOIMERI CS xiv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1913 | nl i | Re oel, Bach Ultra - Quality PIANOS Omid LA Vik al NOS These Superbinstruments—vhe frvest that Auman hands can fashion—make their ap- peal only to persons of fine tastes whose intelligence impels them to exercise com- mon sense and a sane appreciation of mercan- tile values in making a purchase of any high-class article. Kranich & Bach Prices Represent True Values— Reasonable Partial Payments for Prudent Buyers The most beautiful and instructive Piano Catalog ever published and an amusing storiette—“* Mascagni and the Organ Grinder,” free on request. KRANICH & BACH 237 East 23rd Street, New York WHAT PLANT: AND our SEED trip catatoe American Homes & MEANS TO YOU Gina ane i: complete) mesvetiaain tn ati reuse omyuort cultures S ° t fh A ° = cing proof o: eV: rt i 3. The very past varieties Ptcultisation’ tolehiossiioom PRS crentifirc merican sent to one address 4. Full directions as to when, how and what to grow to get the 3 arm. 6, Landscaping your home grounds at small expense. This book of 128 pages, beautifully illustrated, mailed on application. Write today. It is full of just th fe ati f are looking fox to make your garden, farm and romererontaste CERORE Sides 3 ¢ achive ——— ( : If tion thi: FREE SEEDS fifsarsr hava? 33 pee sos ete convince you of the quality of our Northern Gemerstocecs ee May’s Selection of Colossal Pansies; Ki Lettuce, the new early Head Variety. * May King L.L.MAY & CO. winesove | y” The Stephenson System of {Underground Refuse Disposal Saves the battering of your can and scattering of garbage from pounding out frozen contents. «aac Underground hory Garbage and Refuse Receivers A fireproof and sanitary disposal of ashes and refuse. Our Underground Earth Closet means freedom from frozen plumbing. Sold direct. Send for circular In use nine years. Tt pays to look us up. Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr. 21 Farrar St. Lynn, Mass, SEND 50 CENTS IN STAMPS FOR 50 Attractive (Designs and Plans for Low- Cost Houses, Bungalows, Log-Cabins, etc. Suburban Architectural Association 202 Equitable Building Wilmington, Del, \ Sq] NEW Books § SS 3y-Parus IN CoLLecTING. By Virginia Robie. New York: The Century Com- pany: 1912. Cloth, 8vo. Illustrated. 565 pages. Price, $2.40. Miss Robie’s “By-Paths in Collecting” is “dedicated without permission to all col- lectors,” but collectors should feel pleased and complimented that Miss Robie has given them so delightful a volume. The twenty-one chapters concern themselves with such topics as “Collecting Old Pianos,” “The Quest of the Quaint,” “The Sheen of Old Pewter,” ‘“Hour-Glass and Sun-Dial” and ‘Chinese Influence’ and the illustra- tions liberally scattered through the gener- ous extent of text are well selected. wn InpDooR GARDENING IN RooM AND GREEN- House. By H. H. Thomas. New York: Cassell and Company, Limited: 1912. Cloth, 16mo. Illustrated. 152 pages. Flower growing in the home has made great progress during recent years, probably for the reason that as the love of gardening has increased so has the discovery been made that a greater variety of plants may be grown in room and window. As may be gathered from the pages of this helpful book, it is possible, without an outdoor garden, to cultivate plants, remarkable for the beauty of their flowers or foliage, and to enjoy one or another of them throughout the year. Ecyptian Days. By Philip S. Marden. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company: 1912. Cloth, 8vo. Illustratediyige29 pages. Price, $3.00 net. Mr. Marden’s aim has been to pro- vide a book containing the indispensable information, and at the same time so to guide the traveler that his further read- ing may be carried on to the best advantage. The book is illustrated from more than two score excellent, freshly taken photographs of Egyptian scenes, and with a number of helpful maps. It has a strikingly beauti- ful cover. THE CASTLE oF Zion. By George Hodges, D.D. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Com- pany. 1912. Cloth, 8vo. Illustrated. 200 pages. Price, $1.50 net. Dean Hodges’s previous collection of Bible stories have won an assured place for themselves among juvenile literature. In his third book he takes up the Old Testa- ment story where he left off in “The Garden of Eden,” and carries on the tale from David to Job. The book is issued in holiday style uniform with “The Garden of Eden,” and is beautifully illustrated. Tue LAND oF THE RISING SuN. By Gregoire de Wollant. New York: The Neale Publishing Company: 1905. Sine 8vo. Gilt top. 401 pages. Price, 1.50. This work is of intense interest, for it is a Russian estimate of Japan, written by a clever, keen-sighted Russian, a traveler, a student, and a man of public affairs, who might have been excused for viewing Japan through the eye of prejudice. But he is a most sympathetic writer, and has the faculty of describing the life and customs of the Japanese in a most entertaining way. There is so much in this volume not to be February, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xv found elsewhere, perhaps, that, despite its having been written a few years ago, it should be carefully read by all who concern themselves with the progress of Japan. { CotontaL HoMeEs AND THEIR FURNISH- Incs. By Mary H. Northend. With numerous illustrations. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1912. 8vo. Price, $5 net. Miss Northend’s name is a familiar one to magazine readers. For some years she has been a steady contributor to the more important home magazines published in this country. As a writer on the home and its decoration, she has thoroughly familiar- ized herself with architectural styles and with furnishings. All this experience and knowledge is reflected in the book before us. Lavishly illustrated and beautifully printed, it conducts the reader into many of those historic dwellings of New England which may be regarded as the acme of architectural perfection and of good taste in interior decoration. There can be no question that Miss Northend has collected a valuable amount of material, which is here presented in such form that both the professional architect and decorator and the general public can profit by it. MopeRN CoTTAGE ARCHITECTURE. By Maurice B. Adams, F.R.I.B.A. John Lane Company. New York, 1912. Cloth. 8vo., gilt top. Illustrated. 248 pages. Price, $3.50 net. This is the second and an enlarged edition of Mr. Adams’ book on modern cottage architecture. The English cottage architec- ture of to-day, as in former times, deserves study and attention by reason of its excel- lence, serving, as it does, to inspire so much of our own cottage architecture. There- fore, although an English book by an Eng- lish authority, and illustrated by plates re- producing English examples of cottages, Mr. Adams’ volume should be in the hands of every American homemaker who plans to build a cottage, as it is full of valuable sug- gestions and the reproductions of floor plans and photographs, both of interiors and exteriors, are well chosen. MaxkiIne A Rose GarvDEN. B Henry H. Saylor. New York: McBride, Nast & Co., 1912. Cloth; 16mo.; 53 pages. Price, 50 cents net. The writer of this little book does not pretend to be an experienced authority in the growing of Roses, but he presents a readable little essay containing facts that the amateur rosarian will find useful, and matter compiled from dependable sources. One does not just see, however, why ma- terial to the limited extent of that contained in Mr. Saylor’s book should be put into a volume by itself, as it would seem fully as convenient and far less expensive to present it through the columns of some periodical devoted to gardening. Tue Practice oF O1t PaINtinc. By Solomon J. Solomon, R.A., Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company: 1912. Cloth, 8vo. 278 pp. Price, $1.75 net. This is an admirable Art book of in- calculable service to all who would be painters. Primarily intended for the use of Art students, it contains two elements of special value to Art teachers: the ex- position of a method by which the round object can be reduced to the flat, and the collection of plates made from drawings of the human figure and its details, of casts, and a still-life subject. Many of these are ideal for high-school students to copy and emulate, being supplemented by fine repro- LOOK FOR THE NAME YALE LOCKS AND HARDWARE The Yale & Towne Mfg. Co., 9 Murray Street, New York KILLED BY RAT SCIENCE By the wonderful bacteriological preparation, discovered and prepared by r. Danysz, of Pasteur Institute, Paris. with striking success for years in the United States, England, France and Russia. DANYSZ VIRUS contains the germs of a disease peculiar t i i - lutely harmless to birds, human ee ey can ale The rodents always die in the open, because of feverish condition. The is also contagious to them. Easily prepared and applied. How much to use.—A small house, tube. Ordi i three tubes (if rats are numerous, ot lex hai 6 tubes). One eee: for large stable with hay loft and yard or 5000 sq. ft. floor space in build- ings. Price: One tube, 75c; 3 tubes, $1.75; 6 tubes, $3.25; one doz, $6 INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL CO., 72 Front St., New York Situation Wanted UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY. Child study special- ist, age 38, desires engagement as tutor in select family for one or more years. Expenses required, salary no object. Pupil must be prepossessing boy under twelve, slight or delicate and richly dressed. Experience as college secretary and science lecturer. University training in latest educational methods. Author of original papers. ‘The costume sense in art. “The royal road to learning,” etc. Accus- tomed to teaching and amusing refined children. Highest official and private references. Enquire B. M., care of Reuter, Melbourne, Australia. ANTIQUES of all Sorts Send 4 cents in Stamps for Catalog of Anti- ques.—Rugs and Christmas Gifts. I ransack 1000 Attics annually. My Stock is replete with fine Old Things from New England Homes. Hand Made Rugs Hand Braided Hand Woven Hand Drawn-in Hand Hooked Rag Carpet. Quilts—Spreads Old Chintz—Patch Work Ralph Warren Burnham Ye Burnham House IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS xvI AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS oo Oe li hee &—44 "ae February, 1913 ==> — a “WOLKE @ We offer you the experience of our knowledge and perfect work- manship of over 58 years in each article we manufacture. Goods ___|_ bearing “Wolff's” guarantee label and “Wolff's” trademark are a |__| positive assurance against disappointment, dissatisfaction and loss. = 2 L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING COMPANY The one line that’s complete — Completely made by one CHICAGO SHOWROOMS: 111 N. DEARBORN STREET BRANCHES ss OMAHA, NEBR. GENERAL OFFICES: 601-627 W. LAKE STREET MINNEAFOLIS, MINN. WASHINGTON, D. C. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL TRENTON, N. J. ROCHESTER, N.Y. ST. LOUIS, MO. CINCINNATI, OHIO KANSAS CITY, MO. SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH DENVER, COLO. DALLAS, TEX. CLEVELAND, OHIO aN A House Lined with Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live init. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. Sample and Circular CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St. NEW YORK CITY VERTICAL SECTION, PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY = Ss SS ductions in half-tone from famous old masterpieces in the National Gallery, London. This part of the book is especially invaluable to students who are to make serious copies of the best work, for dis- cipline in technique, NINETEENTH CENTURY ENGLISH CERAMIC Art. Boston. By J. F. Blacker. gue 8vo. 534 pp. Price $3.50 net. This beautiful book contains 96 pages of plates and 150 line drawings. It is a very handsome specimen of book making, and will appeal to all connoisseurs. The collec- tor of old English pottery and china and all others interested in ceramic arts have long needed a volume that is at once a practical guide combined with a history in pictures of the work of the old master potters. Mr. Blacker, who is undoubtedly the _ best authority on the subject, here presents con- cisely the story of the great industry repre- sented by such old-fashioned potters as the Adams, Copelands, Mintons, Wedgewoods, Hadley and Linthorpe, as well as those of more recent date. The numerous illustra- tions, all carefully selected, present nearly every type and form of pattern, from the blue printed English and American scenery to the most elaborate painting, gilding and modeling, the masterpieces of the later potters. No collector can afford to be with- out Mr. Blacker’s new book, which is the first in the Nineteenth Century Historical Art Series. Tue Lire or JAMES McNEILL WHISTLER. By E. R. and J. Pennell. New and Re- vised Edition. Illustrated. J. B. Lip- pincott Co. The Pennell “Whistler” has had a large and interesting public at its command since its two-volume first edition of 1908. Dur- ing the three years between the first publi- cation and the present volume much new material has come into the hands of the authors, and a complete revision has been necessary. Also, many of the older illustra- tions have been replaced by new ones, a number of which are produced for the first time, so that we have now what is practically a new. “Life” of Whistler with nothing subtracted from the liveliness of the style or the anecdotal fullness of the descriptions. OxrorpD GARDENS. Based upon Daubeny’s Popular Guide to the Physick Garden of Oxford. By R. T. Ginther, M. A. Fellow of Magdalen: Marshall & Company, MCMXII. Cloth, 16mo. XV, 280 pages. The gardens of England are so well de- veloped and cared for that even a hint of a lack of knowledge of them arouses a feeling which proclaims that none worthy of the name will be willingly allowed to be per- mantly slighted in horticultural history or by a garden-loving public. The author of the Oxford Gardens assumes that the oldest one in Great Britain is not as well known as it ought to be, although since 1616 he lists eight books that have been issued on the Oxford Botanic Garden and fifty-three other works relating to it. Every feature of the Garden is exhaustively treated by Mr. Giinther and these include all kinds of plants, trees, weeds, climate and soil, her- bariums, finance, government, visitors, prints, parks, houses, library, museum and laboratories. Appendices, one index to the Botanic Garden and another to the College Gardens and the Parks complete the con- tents of this exquisitely and plentifully i- lustrated volume. On the title page stand- ing apart is the mighty line: ie February, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xvii “Consider the lilies how they grow.” A fair critic of this learned and delightful work would be loth to believe that either its passive reader or ardent student would de- cline to say, if all histories of a like subject were as well executed: Consider the garden-books how they are written.” A Book or Hanp-WoveNn CoveERtets. . By Eliza Calvert Hall. Boston: Little, Brown and Company: 1912. Cloth. Svo. Gilt top. Illustrated. 279 pages. Price, $5.00 net. In “A Book of Hand-Woven Coverlets,” Eliza Calvert Hall has set herself the task of raising the apparently commonplace into the “realm of art.”” Many books have been written about the Oriental rug, but not till now has a similar recognition been accorded the hand-woven coverlet. Yet it is a sub- ject worthy the pen of any American writer, and whoever reads these pages will hereafter see in the American coverlet all that the author sees: “Poetry, romance, religion, sociology, philology, politics, and historv.” It may seem a long distance from works of fiction like “Aunt Jane of Kentucky” and “The Land of Long Ago” to a mono- graph on coverlets, but as in the “Aunt Jane” stories she showed us the pathos and romance that lie in humble lives, so in the present volume she shows the beauty, the art, the historic associations, that cluster around the old hand-woven bed-covers of “Aunt Jane’s time. The material for the book, however, was gathered north, south, east, and west. The work is one of original research extending over a period of four years. The author has the facts of her subject well in hand and leads the reader from chapter to chapter where no detail is dry and every HIS is the Globe-Wernicke period in bookcases. The unit construction of the Globe-Wernicke bookcase promotes an added interest in the collection of such books as are worth reading and worth keeping. When it is so easy and eco- — _ nomical to store books in such attractive quarters, it is but natural that even the younger generation should take considerable pride in starting individual libraries devoted to specialized branches of study. Whether in the home or school, the Globe-Wernicke bookcase contri- butes much to the pleasure of all who find satisfaction in a growing library where || provision has been made for all possible future additions. The Globe-Wernicke bookcase can be had in all styles and finishes, to harmonize with any interior trim. € , - - , : : . “Booklovers Shopping List’ —This little book lists the works of great authors and gives the prices of the samein sets. The list includes the low-priced, popular sets as well as the de luxe editions. Every page is interesting. 5 } book buyer should have a copy. Sent free with the Globe-Wernicke catalog. Address Department A. H. A Text-Book oF Desicn. By Charles Ihe Globe=“Wernicke Co., Cincinnati, Ohio Fabens Kelley and William Luther || Branch Stores: New York - - 380-382 Broadway Chicago, 231-235 So. Wabash Ave. Wasbington, 1218-1220 F St., N. W. Mowll. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Philadelphia, 1012-1014 Chestnut St. Boston, - - 91-93 Federal St. Cincinnati. 128-134 Fourth Ave., E. Company: 1912. Cloth, 8vo. Illus- trated. 134 pages. Price, $2.00 net. | : : » This text-book of design will be useful |j : ye to those who are desirous of establishing : ie in their own minds standards of judgment : for things which they see about them, LUA) SY ; 1 especially to those beginners in the study Ly ectiona | of designs who are not ready for work , of an advanced character. “A text-book of Design” is the statement for design of the universal laws of expression which have been so amply developed in music and in literature. The theory here set forth is new in treatment rather than in substance. The theory of pure design now generally WY), Are the easiest running accepted is presented with but a few minor Y points of difference. most nearly noiseless, A WANDERER IN FioreNceE. By E. V. Lu- : i E strongest, as well as the cas. New York: The Macmillan Com- jez | tial = ; pany., 1912. Cloth, 8vo. Illustrated. most durable hanger on 390 pp. Price, $1.75 net. | _Wig \ je the market to-day. For The natural kindness, the high spirit of |: : the Florentine people, the wonderful mas- |. twenty-five years unlver- terpieces of art created by her great men, | ll wer A h who in every age have stood in the front of Sally recognized in the art and science, rivalize with the gentle if VAP smile of her splendid sky-to render Flor- : = : Building Trade as the ence one of the finest towns, the flower, in- z : i! , m@ very best Hanger made. deed, of beautiful Italy. In “A Wanderer in Florence” Mr. E. V. Lucas, one of the most graceful writers of to-day, leads the reader into the true Florentine atmosphere, Re AT A TTT - neatly as the pages of any book could do oar that, and anyone who has not forgotten ° ° eae an Giliiech olessure in this ex- LANE BROS. CO., Wilson Avenue, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. cellent book on Romola’s city. T Wc w7@ Get our catalog of other MUON goods. XViil AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1913 Sf sis. No matter where a ship may be along the American coast; no matter how dark, or cold, or stormy the night, the coast guard is on watch, patrolling the nearest beach or rocky cliffs. This man, always on guard, could, by his own unsupported efforts, do little to save life, or to guide ships away from perilous points. As a unit in an efficient system and able, at a moment’s notice, to command the service of his nearby station, he be- comes a power to whom all ship owners and passengers are indebted. Always on Guard In the same way, the Bell Telephone in your home and office is always on guard. By itself, it is only an ingenious instru- ment; but as a vital unit in the Bell System, which links together seven million other telephones in all parts of this country, that single telephone instrument becomes a power to help you at any moment of any hour, day or night. It costs unwearying effort and millions of dollars to keep the Bell System always on guard, but this is the only kind of service that can adequately take care of the social and commercial needs of all the people of a Nation. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES Every Bell Telephone is the Center of the System. How Do You Keep Your Music? oon you always fad it dgnan Gen want it? s it torn or misplaced? A Tindale Music Cabinet solves once and for all the vexing problem of keeping sheet music and music albums. ny piece can be found or replaced in- stantly and without unnecessary wear and tear. A Tindale Music Cabinet will save you the annoyance of never being sure where any piece will be found; will save your time and energy and enable you to get full enjoyment from your music. Small Sliding Trays:— Simple Index: These do the work, Tindale Cabinets are made in various sizes and designs in Mahogany or Oak suitable for residence or_ studio. $15.00 upward. Monthly payments if desired. Send for illustrated Booklet No. 19 Tindale Cabinet Co. 1 West 34th Street New York Send for catalogue A 27 of pergolas, sun dials and garden furniture or A 40 of wood columns. Hartmann-Sanders Co. Exclusive Manufacturers of KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS Suitable for PERGOLAS, PORCHES or INTERIOR USE ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES. CHICAGO, {LLINOIS Eastern Office: 1123 Broadway, New York City TELEPHONE TALK PON entering your house or your . I place of business, suggests the Youth’s Companion, you have no doubt often been told that So-and-so wants you to call him up on the telephone. If he is an old friend, or if you have reason to think that the message concerns your Own interests, you respond willingly ; but more often you have exclaimed impatiently, for you have felt sure that the other person is asking you to take the initiative about some affair of his. You have acceded to his request rather than rudely ignore it—although you feel that he was rude in making it. Sometimes when your telephone rings and you answer it, you are told by an office boy that Mr. Smith wants to speak to you. Then you wait with your ear to the re- ce‘ver; you may perhaps hear Mr. Smith dictating a letter or carrying on a conversa- tion; anyway, you wait and wait and wait. When at last Mr. Smith does turn to the telephone, he does not make any apology for his delay. You think that the next time you are thus made to wait upon Mr. Smith’s convenience you will ring off and teach Mr. Smith a lesson. But somehow you are too gentle—or too cowardly—ever to do it. Frequently, through ‘“Central’s” mistake, you have been connected with some one who wants another number. The person, suspi- cious of your voice, does not say, “Hello! Is Mr. So-and-so there?” He says, “Hello! Who is this?” In the circumstances, it is a peculiarly irritating query. You do not see why you should be called from your dinner or your work to tell some stranger your name. So you answer coldly, “This is num- ber five five one.” “Well, I want number five nine one,” the voice replies, complain- ingly, as if you were to blame for the blunder. Perhaps you have given Central a num- ber, and Central has in some way got the lines crossed, so that you find yourself breaking in on someone’s else conversation. Usually in that case you are not given the chance to apologize civilly for the uninten- tional intrusion. “Get off the line!” an angry voice will say to you; and you “get off,” wishing that you knew the name of the ruffian. In these ways, if you are a frequent user of the telephone, you have doubtless had your temper ruffled. A NICKEL-IN-THE-SLOT BENCH (Pee a nickel in the slot and get a re- served seat for two; that is the idea of the new park bench, in use in San José, California. The plan of the inventor is to -place his bench in public resorts, parks, etc., not to do away with the free benches, but in addition to them. This will take care of the unusual Sunday and _ holiday crowds, who cannot find accommodations, and it will also appeal to people who wish an exclusive seat and do not care to rub elbows with strangers. Many people would gladly pay a nickel for this privilege, and the inventor expects to make enough on each bench to add to the revenues of the Park Commission, and pay him a modest profit besides. The bench is so adjusted that it cannot be used until a coin is dropped in the box at the side. This releases a lock and the bench can be swung back, making a reclin- ing or rocking seat if desired. It is also equipped with an awning. When vacated, the bench resumes its former position auto- matically, and locks, ready for the next patron. February, 1913 ELECTRICITY AND DIET CIENTISTS have been looking for some method of replacing the multiple ailments which are needed to keep up the human body, by food in a concentrated state, so that it could be absorbed with less fatigue. On the other hand, a French sci- entist, Prof. Bergonié, claims that electri- city will solve the problem. We _ have alieady mentioned some results which he obtained in this direction, according to the account presented by him to the Science Advancement Congress. Since then he has continued his researches and arrived at re- sults which have almost a sensational char- acter. Before this he simply proposed the idea that electricity could be made to re- place food; that is, by adding to the heat energy absorbed by the body, so that less food need be taken into the system. At present he is making actual experiments which appear to prove this conclusively ac- cording to his communication made to the Academy of Sciences. The experiments were made during the last few months at his laboratory at the Bordeaux University and fully confirmed his theories on the sub- ject. His method, known as “diathermy,” or application of low tension and high fre- quency currents to the human body, is able to make up for a part of the alimentation of the system by furnishing a large amount of heat to the body, instead of producing the heat from food materials which need to be consumed or indeed burned in the system, this giving rise to overwork of the physio- logical organs of the body. Such electric currents, as Prof. Bergonié says, will pass through the body without causing the least feeling; and with a current of 2 to 3 am- peres strength and a voltage of 1,000 to 2,500 volts per hour about 1,000 calories of heat can be furnished per hour, this being over one third of the daily food ration. The following test will bring out the remarkable results which can be obtained by this method. He applied the electric treatment to a man 5 feet 10 inches high, whose weight before the treatment was only 110 pounds. The patient ate a great deal of animal food, but was in very bad condition, as he could not walk over 300 feet without needing aid. He was unable to work and was very sensitive to cold. After a series of treatments of 40 minutes’ duration by the electric method, this corresponding to an absorption of heat equal to about 1,700 calories each time, the patient began to im- prove rapidly, and at the end of the treat- ment he gained considerably in weight. In fact, he then weighed as much as 140 pounds, which makes a gain of about 30 pounds. Dr. Bergonié states that the pa- tient can now walk for hours without fatigue, and his physical vigor is restored to the normal. He is able to stand all de- grees of heat and cold, and his general appearance is very good. The author con- siders that the time is not far distant when all troubles due to insufficient nutrition will disappear under a series of electrical treat- ments by high frequency currents. BLACK OPALS LACK Opals are commonly the result of artificial coloring, but true black opals have been mined in a small district at the head of the River Darling in north- ern New South Wales during the past nine years. The output was at first very small, but for a few years amounted to 30,000 to 40,000 per annum. At present, according to a consular report from Adelaide, they have become extremely rare, hardly any having been found during the last nine months. ore i Pr Ou i er ttygnytt eye AIG ry: Hass eS Bg? Bok Aye AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS op OO acfthy Prime O™s Tian aon tir ' p PT abt Ct idly pe v 3 + | 7 Iss. ‘i 1 on YEATES Raeagerey ‘1 ees ” “TATED 3 ts eds ai GUARANTEED PLUMBING FIXTURES een van A RESS = west aoe AL errr ee amon. td ULES HOSE things in your home that are to last a lifetime = should be the best youcan buy. For the sake of your children—for the tastes you are developing in them, for the clean lives you are training them to live—you need the beauty and perfect sanitation of “Standard” Bathroom Fixtures. TELE TEUTTNITLT Genuine “Standard” fixtures for the Home and for Schools, Office Buildings, Public Institutions, etc., are identified by the Green and Gold Label, with the exception of one brand of baths bearing the Red and Black Label, which, while of the first quality of manufacture, have a slightly thinner enameling, and thus meet the re- Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. New York - 35 West 31st Street Chicago 900 S. Michigan Ave. Philadelphia - 1128 Walnut Street Toron ~, Can. 59 Richmond St., E. Pittsburgh - 106 Federal Street St. Louis 100 N. Fourth Street quirements of those who demand ‘Standard’ quality at less expense. All “Standard” fixtures, with care, will last a_ lifetime. And no fixture is genuine uzless it bears the guarantee label. In order to avoid substitution of inferior fixtures, specify "Standatd” goods in writing (not verbally) and make sure that you get them. Risie SRW G rite Ae Hamilton, Can. - 20-28 Jackson St., W. London - 57-60 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. Houston, Tex. - Preston and Smith Sts. Washington, D.C. - - Southern Bldg. Toledo, Ohio - - 311-321 Erie Street Fort Worth, Tex. - Front and Jones Sts. Dept. 23 Cincinnati 633 Walnut Street Nashville - 315 Tenth Avenue, So. New Orleans, Baronne & St. Joseph Sts. Montreal, Can. - 215 Coristine Bldg. Boston - John Hancock Bldg. Louisville - 319-23 W. Main Street rr Pe ‘4 i iy i PEMSLEEL FY paca, yas tata! Bi le . lie to Cis as aie MPL TY At aed Trade Marks ~—— Trade Names Do you use a Trade Mark ? Do you own the Trade Marks you use? You should read this booklet to obtain a definite and clear conception of Trade Mark rights TRADE MARK is a most valuable business asset. TRADEMARKS AS ee TRADENAMES It will pay you to know how such marks are made valuable, and why and how they are protected. The registration of trade marks is explained in this booklet, which gives a thoroughly comprehensive idea of the requirements for registration. The elements of a good trade mark are fully discussed, and many tests to determine the requisites of a desirable trade mark are given. The booklet is printed in two colors and is illustrated by fifty engravings Send twenty-five cents today for a copy MUNN & COMPANY, :: Solicitors of Patents Branch Office, Washington, D. C. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK XX AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS TW (0) MILLION EDITION CLUBBING PRICE LIST WRITE FOR IT J. M. HANSON’S Magazine Agency the largest in the world, furnishes all Magazines and Newspapers. Amazingly Low Prices, and quick, accurate, and reliable service. Save Magazine Money Our 1913 Catalog (44 pages) lists more than 3000 Periodicals and Club Offers. It’s a BIG MONEY-SAVER, and is FREE to you for the asking. = Nae anaimadeces N O W J.M. HANSON’S MAGAZINE AGENCY 229 .Hanson Block, Lexington, Ky. Baa SEIN VSD UPI RO TS ALS) OWNERS AND BUILDERS OF CEMENT HOUSES Write for interesting free book telling how cement build- ings can be successfully painted and water-proofed at slight cost. 4 It contains color plates showing how CHI-NAMEL CEMENTONE will improve the appearance of new cement buildings, and make the exterior of old buildings look new. THE OHIO VARNISH CO., 8604 Kinsman Rd., Cleveland, 0. THE RITTENHOUSE HOTEL Chestnut and Twenty-Second Sts. Philadelphia A Refined, Homelike Hotel, Catering to Discriminating, Transient and Permanent Guests. Located in the very heart of Philadelphia’s most select resi- dential section, yet within five minutes’ walk of the railroad sections. An exclusive cafe-cuisine and service of the highest standard. European Plan, $1.50 per day and American Plan, $4.00 per day and R. VAN GILDER, Manager THE CLEVERNESS OF A WASP N his book, “Two Bird-Lovers in Mex- ico,’ Mr. C. W. Beebee, the author, de- scribes the manner in which a wasp towed by water a load of freight too heavy to be borne through the air. The incident makes plain why water carriage is cheaper than carriage by land. Picking up a stone from near the water one day, I alarmed a brown spider, which rushed out from beneath it. Instantly a metallic green wasp, less than an inch in length, darted down, and the two struggled fiercely together. The contest was short, and the spider’s legs. soon hung paralyzed and helpless, The wasp first flew five or six feet into the air, circled round once or twice, then returned, and laboriously dragged its prey (which was larger than itself) to the top of a rock, and then tumbled headlong down the opposite slope into the water. “A very fool- ish wasp,” quoth I. “But wait; we know not what to expect of these tropical crea- tures.” Without an instant’s hesitation, as if it were an. every-day habit or instinct, the wasp stretched out its four front legs upon the surface of the water, grasped the float- ing spider with its two hind legs, spread its wings, and buzzed merrily up-stream over the ripples!) The insect could not possibly have flown with this heavy burden. But the end was yet to come. The wasp evidently wished to reach a large boulder some two feet from shore, past which the water swirled rapidly. After several ineffectual attempts to tow its bur- den across, it clambered up along a rock on the shore, dragging the spider just clear of the water until it came to a spot where the stream ran with less force. Here it again launched out, keeping close to shore. This time it reached a point a foot or two upstream above the boulder. Then the wasp turned abruptly outward, redoubled its efforts, and instantly was tumbled and rocked about in the midst of the ripples— which, to it, were waves of no mean size. It was carried swiftly downstream, but by aiming toward the rock and working its wings frantically so that they were merely a dim haze, it succeeded in reaching and re- maining in the eddy below the boulder— still water—across which it easily ferried its burden, The fact of the little wasp using the water as a medium upon which to propel its. bur- den was marvelous enough, but the quick succession of complex events, met with so much seeming intelligence and with such apparent resource of expedient and such despatch, left us astonished beyond expres- sion. Whether blind instinct, or a chain of coincidences, or any higher phase of thought prompted the actions of the wasp, I will not attempt to say, but to the observer able to watch the whole scene of operations and to see at a glance all the attending causes and effects, the apparent philosophy in the actions of the insect is startling. PURIFYING THE AIR IN ROOMS O purify the air of offices or sick rooms soak a few pieces of brown paper in a solution of saltpeter and allow them to dry. When desired for use, lay a hand- ful of flowers of lavender, which can be gotten at any drug store, on a tin pan with a few pieces of the paper and light. The aroma is refreshing and agreeable and drives away insects. If hot water is pro- curable a few drops of oil of lavender in a glass of very hot water is good. It puri- fies the air at once and effectually rids the room of flies and insects of all kinds. VALUABLE PAPERS ON CONCRETE REINFORCED CONCRETE and CONCRETE BUILDING BLOCKS Scientific American Supplement 1543 contains an article on Concrete by Brysson Cunningham. The article clearly describes the proper compo- sition and mixture of concrete and gives the results of elaborate tests. Scientific American Supplement 1538 gives the proportion of gravel and sand to be used in concrete. Scientific American Supplements 1567, 1568, 1569, 1570 and 1571 contain an elaborate discussion by Lieut. Henry J. Jones of the various systems of reinforcing concrete, concrete con- struction and their applications. These articles constitute a splendid text book on the subject of rein- forced concrete. Nothing better has been published. Scientific American Supplement 997 contains an article by Spencer New- berry, in which practical notes on the proper preparation of concrete are given. Scientific American Supplements 1568 and 1569 present a helpful account of the making of concrete blocks by Spencer Newberry. Scientifie American Supplement 1534 gives a critical review of the engin- eering value of reinforced concrete. Scientific American Supplements 1547 and 1548 give a resume in which the various systems of reinforced con- crete construction are discussed and illustrated. Scientific American Supplements 1564 and 1565 contain an article by Lewis & Hicks. in which the merits and de- fects of reinforced concrete are ana- lyzed. Scientific American Supplement 1551 contains the principles of reinforced concrete with some practical illus- trations by Walter Loring Webb. Scientific American Supplement 157 contains an article by Louis H. Gib- son on the principles of suecess in concrete block manufacture, illus- trated. Scientific American Supplement 1574 discusses steel for reinforced con- crete. Scientific American Supplements 1575, 1576 and 1577 contain a paper by Philip L. Wormley, Jr., on cement mortar and concrete, their prepara- tion and use for farm purposes. The paper exhaustively discusses the making of mortar and concrete, de- positing of concrete, facing concrete, wood forms, concrete sidewalks, de- tails of construction of reinforced concrete posts, ete. Scientific American Supplement 1586 contains a review of concrete mixing machinery by William L. Larkin. Scientific American Supplement 1583 gives valuable suggestions on the selection of Portland cement for con- crete blocks. Scientific American Supplement 1581 splendidly discusses concrete aggre- gates. OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. SEND (oR CATALOGUE. ‘| To Build Beautifully You Should Have These Books in making new columns from my rather vague and hazy description. So care- fully was his work done that the old columns, when they were found ~ some months later, might almost have been used as models from which the new parts had been fashioned. The refinishing of old furniture, as de- scribed in certain magazines, is a process so simple that one wonders why cabinet- makers are ever asked to perform. such work. One is apt to suppose when reading the description of the work that the re- moval of the old finish and the applying of the new is mere child’s play, or such work as anyone might do in a few odd moments. Anybody can attempt a copy of a, Poiret gown, but only a skilled worker can im- part the deft and finished touch which pro- claims it to be the work of a master hand. In like manner anyone might try to refinish old mahogany and yet fail to bring out the beauty of form and material which the art of a skilled workman will reveal. With my own small collection of old furniture, I have always felt it to be money well in- vested to have such work done by the most careful and conscientious workmen I could find, even when such work has cost the most. Before beginning upon the refinishing of wood of any kind the old surface must be removed, and this process is both laborious and tedious, inasmuch as it often means the removal of several layers of paint which have been applied upon the varnish which may have been the original finish. This removing of finish is done by various edged tools made for the purpose, or it may be done equally well by scraping the surface with glass. The process is tiresome rather than difficult where a plain surface is being worked upon, but the scraping off of the finish upon an elaborately carved object is extremely difficult, for caré must be exer-- cised lest in removing the finish the wood itself be deeply scratched. When the old finish has been entirely removed, the sur- face must be rubbed with sand paper until it becomes perfectly smooth and satin-like, and prepared to receive the new finish which is applied in the form of wood fillers and coats of various mixtures, of which turpentine is the-chief ingredient, and each of these must be carefully rubbed in to prepare the surface for the varnish which, ef course, completes the finish. Should the furniture be refinished to match some pieces already in use the wood must be colored before the refinishing process is begun. The restoration of furniture other thau mahogany is much less difficult, and amateur workers who are blessed with much pa- tience might. reasonably be advised to at- tempt the work, particularly if the refinish- ing is not to be done in the highly technical method used where a high polish is desired. The removal of the old surface must, of course, be done by much the same process - which precedes the refinishing of mahog- any, but where this has been done the treat- . ment of the surface with some of the useful. and beautiful stains which may be bought — in the paint shops is exceedingly simple and ~ often productive of excellent results. Some years ago, when passing an antique shop in Fourth Avenue, New York, my attention was attracted by an exceedingly | graceful Windsor chair of a shape com- paratively rare. Its beautiful proportions as well as its battered and discouraged aspect convinced me of its antiquity, and when it had been acquired and removed to a little shop where such things are done ie” a scraping off of many thicknesses of paint of various colors and energetic sand paper- ing of its surface showed the chair to be AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 1x March, 1913 of oak of marvelous toughness and beauti- ful grain. A rich brown stain of one of the brands advertised in any of the maga- zines devoted to decoration and furnishing brought out the full beauty of the wood and the chair in its present form is one of Leta uN DAVEY ‘ EXPERT DAVEY the chief ornaments of my little sanctum. Painting old furniture is but rarely to be advised. It is true, of course, that in Co- lonial days, and later, plain wooden furni- ture was not only painted in solid colors but was also adorned with such painted decorations as “nosegays,’’ festoons and baskets of flowers and the effect was beauti- ful to behold. A recent issue of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS contains an article upon the subject of painted furniture and shows pictures of several pieces of fur- niture so adorned. This treatment, how- ever, should be undertaken only by a competent and clever workman, for nothing is more amateurish or home-made than the appearance of such finish by one not wel’ schooled and trained in the art. The collector must not be discouraged at the shabby condition of a piece of furniture which trained taste and careful judgment find to be otherwise well worth while. Some of the most beautiful pieces of old mahog- any in a famous New York collection are those which have been collected from differ: ent parts of the east and south, and many were discovered in a condition so poor as to daunt any but an experienced collector. There are few defects which cannot be remedied by skillful treatment, but one of them is a case where ink or grease in a liquid form has been spilled upon wood and allowed to soak into its pores. No amount of scraping with glass can remove the stain and the only possible solution is the very simple expedient of copying the part affected in new wood, stained and finished to match the old. Another defect which cannot be wholly remedied by even the cleverest workman is a deep scar or scratch in the wood. In such a case nothing can be done but to insert a “patch.” or piece of new wood. carefully selected to match the old materia] in which it has been placed. PAPER POTS AND DIRT BANDS APER pots are very useful when plants P are to be started in the house in hot beds and cold frames. Seeds may be sown directly in them or seedlings transplanted to them from flats or boxes. Their use makes the young plants much easier to handle, for they can be moved about at will. A good plan is to set them closely in a flat or box with low sides. When plant- ing out time comes, the pots are set into the ground without remoying the plants, so that the roots are not disturbed in the least. The bottom of the pot may be torn away and the sides will gradually decay and dis- appear, but not until they have done ex- cellent service in protecting the plants from the ravages of cut worms. These paper pots cost but little when purchased at the seed stores, but may be made at home if deemed desirable, using stout wrapping paper cut into pieces and wrapped around a form in the shape of a block of wood. A modification of the paper pot is the dirt band, which is cheaper and even more convenient. These bands are practically paper pots without bot- toms. A number of them are set in a box, filled with earth and used for seeds or seedlings. By the time the plants need to be moved, the roots will hold the little ball of earth fast. These bands provide a very simple method of starting plants in a sunny window in the house. The bands are set into the open ground with the plants. Examine Your trees a MUNN & CO.,, Ine. sscreng blithe chicany 361 Broadway, New York ~ - $ 4 TREE EXPERTS ft : \ . SAVE )\\ THENATIONS TREES JOHN DAVEY Father of Tree Surgery COPYRICHT 1912

> the Canadian Government. This Tree split apart because it had , a weak crotch. Such a disaster COULD §& HAVE BEEN pre-; ventedbyaDAVEY “> TREE EXPERT. ee” More than two-thirds of the trees in America have weak crotches, and are liable to be split apart by the first high wind. Such trees are structurally weak—They are bound to split apart sooner or later. It may be five or ten years, or it might be only five or ten days. A weak crotch can seldom be detected by the untrained eye. The danger signals are always there. DAVEY EXPERTS are trained to detect them and prevent disastrous splitting. We wiil gladly have one of our experts examine your trees without charge, and report on their exact condition. It costs ten times as much to save a tree after split- ting apart as it would to have secured that tree against splitting. Splitting branches are a source of danger to other trees as well as to buildings. You may think that your trees are sound—Maybe they are, but guesswork is un- necessary. Learn the truth through a DAVEY EXPERT without cost_or obligation. There isa DAVEY EXPERT in your vicinity. Splitting crotches are but one of the ailments of4rees. Dead limbs are unsanitary, unsightly and unsafe, and a constant menace to life. Cavities, if not properly treated, con- tinue to decay and destroy the tree. Some trees require more nourishment— Some require water—Some must be sprayed to destroy insects, or treated for diseases—Some few gequire no attention at all. If your trees need no treat- ment, you want tg noni it; if they do need treatment, you ought to know it. Write for booklet ‘‘A”’ The Davey Tree Expert Company, Kent, 0. Branch Offices: 225 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. Harvester Bldg. Chicago, Ill. New Birks Bldg. Montreal, Canada. P. O. Box 602 San Francisco, Cal. REPRESENTATIVES AVAILABLE EVERYWHERE The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND :: Three Hundred and Twenty Pages :: STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. € Complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of mis- cellaneous devices, such as Scows, Canoes, Windmills, Water Wheels, Etc. 12mo. Three Hundred and Forty Illustrations :: Price, $2.00, Postpaid ONES forAmerica SPECIAL OFFER “The Best Roses WRITE FOR NEW ROSE CATALOG Here is undisputed rose authority. Lists » and describes the 360 Best Roses for America; shows 11 in natural colors; 85 photographed. Allown-root bushes, extra large and vigorous. Also contains full data on selecting, plant- ing, pruning and cultivating, a complete Rose Lover’s Calendar, and FREE DELIVERY OFFER on orders of $5.00 and over. Write for your free copy TO-DAY. two alike; all colors; strong healthy bushes—all 12 in 2-year size, $3; or express pre- paid, for $3.25. Guaranteed to bloom this season. THE CONARD & JONES CO. Box 52, West Grove, Pa. Rose Specialists— 50 years’ experience | Our BEST DOZEN roses; no x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 11086 O 1681090192901 O91 O11 O01 O11 O11 O91 O 1B 11 O11 OH O11 OH1 Or OO OOOO Ororg Free Book onLawn Making It tells you how to make and care for a Or, new lawn. Also tells you how to re- new an old worn out lawn. In fact this book gives all data on making and maintaining a beauti- fullawn. Everyhome owner should have this book. It is free for the ask- ing. Write for it today. Fill with Water to the Desired Weight DUNHAM “‘Water-Weight”’ ROLLERS ROLL YOUR LAWN Do you know that the most essential tool for the care of a /avun is a Roller. A roller will eradi- cate weeds, discourage moles and ants, keep grass from dying out in spots, and promote even growth froma hard smooth surface over which the mower will operate to per- fection. Dunham *‘Water-lWeight”? Roller Bearing Rollers are superior to all others. They are roller bearing and easy to oper- ate. Insist ona Dunham. If your dealer does not have them, write us. For sale by leading Hardware and Seed Stores. Don’t fail to write for our Free Book on Lawn Mating. THE DUNHAM COMPANY 132 Front Street Berea, Ohio Largest Roller Manufacturers in the World 09+ e029 11 O 20 0120 O 11 01 O21 o1 O01 Oe Ger o+ er O21 e1 G11 Oe Gee O21 Oo O02 O02 Oo O29 O21 O21 O01 0122 O 19011122 O 01 Oe O22 O21 O21 e+ O02 O09 O11 O11 O11 Ors Orr Oe Oer@: $01 1201601112819 11 1222 OO 12012911 O 19012011 OO 1012821 O11 1201+ O11 1911801214011 1201221011100 14 0140111211110 11O 19911 O11 O10 11020110 10011019118 One foe et yt et te 229019 O19 01112 O19 09 0120119191912 O91 1221191101020 29 012881 O11 O10 Oe O12 O rs Oe2 Os 4 HOME BUILDER’S PLAN BOOK Shows Perspectives, Floor Plans, Full Description, Estimated Cost, and many other things you should know about Colonial Homes, Bungalows and Cottages. This handsome and _ instructive ome- builder's plan book sent postpaiA for 50c. (coin or stamps). Blue print drawings, details, and specifications reasonable. JENS C. PETERSEN, Architect 1003 Bank Ch b 3030 Woodward Ave, DETROIT, MICH. 1 Fine specimens European sindioe Calor. = it rsery Co. Beech New: Hive Dae, Conn. = ALL teu’ PUMPps kinds : oh CYLINDERS, ETC. Hay Unloading Tools Barn Door Hangers Write for Circulars and Prices F.E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O. Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works THE WHY ANDYow RcHARD SUCCESS R. D. Anthony, instructor at Cornell University says : ‘Your book is an excel- lent publication * * * J appreciate your sending me a copy.” This Book tells the results of years of experimenting. How to plant, cultivate and spray fruit and shade trees and vegeta- bles to the best advantage. It may save you hundreds of dollars every year. Send postpaid for 50 cents. FIELD FORCE PUMP co. 105 Grand Ave. ELMIRA, N Y. THE* PUBLIC ARCHIVES MPELLED by the spirit of thrift, says an editorial writer in the Youth’s Com- panion, the town clerk of an old New Eng- land community sold as waste paper the an- cient books that held the records of births, deaths, marriages and town meetings. He sold also various barrels of old letters, documents and accounts. To him they were merely junk. When the other town officers discovered the loss, the mischief had already been done, and could never be undone. Many of the states manifest toward their public archives an indifference not unlike that of the old town clerk. Even the burning of state capitols containing records of great value has failed to arouse some of the states to a perception of the need for greater safety. But the worst offender of all, and the one for whom there is the least excuse, is the national government. A recent investiga- tion in Washington disclosed the fact that department and bureau records are scat- tered all over the city, in wooden ware- houses, disused theaters and abandoned car-barns, as well as in the moldy base- ments and the dusty attics of government buildings. It is not the fault of department and bureau officials, for their offices and vaults are overflowing, and the accumu- lated documents must be stored some- where. It is the fault of Congress in not providing a suitable bui'ding where the public documents would be safe from fire, dampness, vandalism and the loss that comes from frequent transfers and im- proper methods of storage. Some of the departments have already suffered serious losses, aud greater mis- fortunes are likely to occur at any time. It is as much a function of government to preserve its archives as to levy taxes and make laws. England, France, Bel- gium, Holland, Sweden and a few of our own states have taken sound protective measures. High public officials and com- mittees of Congress have urged for years the erection of a fire-proof archives build- ing in Washington, conveaiently situated and large enough to provide for the needs of many years to come. There is no ex- cuse for delay. It is earnestly hoped that President Wilson, himself a student of history who appreciates the value of the endangered records, will see to it that his administration leaves such a building as one of its monuments. ; TURNTABLE FOR CARS N the majority of garages there is very little room for the easy maneuvering of automobiles and a great deal of time is wasted in trying to turn a car about, par- ticularly if it has to make a right-angle turn to reach the elevator which will carry it to the shop. Recently there have been con- structed forms of turntables adapted to overcome the necessity of tedious maneu- vering. The turntable is similar to that used for locomotives. It may be rotated by a single man by using a bar to engage any one of the several small holes in the outer edge of the table. The table itself is built of reinforced concrete, and hence is proof against water and fire. The diameter of the table is fourteen feet, so that it will take the largest touring car. It has been found of great convenience when adjustments or repairs must be made, for the car can be swung around without any toruble to the best position to obtain all the available light. / Modern ‘Sleeping Porch fitted am _ By with Wilson’s Blinds Practically makes an Outdoor room of the ordi- nary porch; a room at night, a porch by day. WILSON’S VENETIANS for ouside and inside of town and country houses; very durable, convenient and artistic SPECIAL OUTSIDE VENETIANS most practical and useful form of Venetian yet devis- ed for purches and win- dows; cxcludes the sun; adiits the breeze. Write for Venetian Catalogue No. 5. Orders should be placed NOW for Spring and Summer Delivery Jas.G.Wilson Mfg. Co. 5 W. 29th St., New York J Also inside Venetians, Rolling Partitions, Rolling Steel Shutters, Burglarand Fireproof Steel Curtains, Wood Block Floors. Wilson’s Porch and Piazza Blinds Specimens ten to fifteen feet Send for Catalog. The Elm City Nursery Co. New Haven, Dept. M., Conn. Norway Spruce S WRITE FOR IT J. M. HANSON’S Magazine Agency the largest in the world, furnishes all Magazines and Newspapers. Amazingly Low Prices, and quick, accurate, and reliable service. Save Magazine Money Our 1913 Catalog (44 pages) lists more than 3000 Periodicals and Club Offers. It’s a BIG MONEY-SAVER, and is FREE to you for the asking. = Rees dress N oO W J. M. HANSON’S MAGAZINE AGENCY 229, Hanson Block, Lexington, Ky. i er eae Ba eS March, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xl ARTIFICIAL EBONY FROM OAK WOOD ONSUL: WILLIAM -H. -HUNT, St. Etienne, France, describes the following as a good process for converting oak wood to artificial ebony: The blocks of wood are immersed for forty-eight hours in a warm saturated solution of alum and sprinkled several times with a decoction of logwood; smaller pieces may also be steeped for a certain length of time in the decoction, which is prepared in the following manner. One part of logwood of best quality is boiled with ten parts of water; it is then filtered through linen and the liquid evaporated at low temperature until its volume is reduced by one-half, and to every quart of this bath are added ten to fifteen drops of a saturated solution of soluble indigo entirely neutral in reaction. After having watered the blocks several times with this solution, the wood is rubbed with a saturated and filtered solution of verdigris in warm oncentrated acetic acid, and this operation repeated un- til a dark color of the desired intensity is obtained. The oak wood dyed after this fashion presents an aspect similar to that of real ebony. eee erie Or fir FULURE N an address to an international town- planning conference abroad, M. Eugene Henard, the municipal architect of Paris, has given a rorecast of what the ideal city of the future will be like, as reported by Harper's Weekly. According to M. Henard, light and energy will be conveyed by electricity. Gasoline and oxygen will supply heat. Liquid air will maintain refrigeration in every larder. In addition to heat radiators, there will be “cold radiators” which will enable every house to be kept at the re- quired temperature in Summer. By this power it will be possible to pro- vide in each house one or more health chambers closed by close-fitting double ‘windows and doors in which the over- worked occupant on his return from town will find all the hygenic conditions which he can now obtain only by taking an annual holiday. Glass verandas of various shapes joined together and with covered footpaths, ac- cording to standard models, will shelter pedestrians against rain, and the normal height of buildings will be exactly the width of the street. The roofs of houses will be platforms upon which small flower- beds and verdant shrubberies can be laid out, as they will be landing-stages for aeroplanes. When this progress shall have been ac- complished the physiognomy of towns will be changed. All terraces will have become landing-stages for flying automobiles. Aviators will be able to fly from one terrace to another, starting and landing as they please. The natural consequence of this new state of things will be that each build- ing will have to be furnished with big elevators capable of raising machines and taking them back to the garage on their re- turn. Houses of this description will also be used to house motor-cars. Finally, the town of the future will be traversed by large radiating thoroughfares occupied partly by raised platforms con- tinually moving, which will insure rapid communication between the different zones. These platforms will be terminated by large revolving crossways at the intersection of the main roads. Large parks and flower gardens as residences and pleasure resorts will be laid out in various parts of the town. The Best Hard- ware Dealer in Your City Sells “* PEARL ’’ GILBERT @ BENNETT WIRE CLOTH No Better Looking Screen To Be Had Anywhere—At Any Price If you haven’t as yet seen Gilbert & Bennett PEARL Wire Cloth, it would be well to investigate it before buying screens for your doors, windows and porches. You can’t buy a better looking screen anywhere—at any price. And the beautiful Pearl- like, metallic coating which gives Gilbert & Bennett PEARL Wire Cloth its handsome appearance, makes it far outlast other screens by rendering it practically rust-proof. The genuine Gilbert & Bennett PEARL Wire Cloth may be identified by two copper wires in the selvage. GILBERT BENNETT WIRE CLOTH For Screening Doors, Windows and Porches After Gilbert & Bennett PEARL Wire Cloth has . . . CO es 0.0 been in use for a short time, it turns to an invisible gray’’ color which offers but little more obstruction to the vision than clear glass. Architects Find out about Pearl Wire Cloth. Send us your name and we'll send full particu- lars. Do not accept imitations or sub- stitutes. Look for the mark of the genu- ine Gilbert & Bennett PEARL Wire Cloth—iwo copper wires in the selvage. l Write for TheseSamples A and Particulars— H Address our Chicago Office: The best hardware dealer in your city sells Gilbert & Bennett PEARL Wire Cloth and will gladly supply you. Or—if you prefer—write our Chicago office for samples and particulars. The Gilbert & Bennett Mfg. Co. (Est. 1818) CHICAGO GEORGETOWN, CONN. = NEW YORK CITY od KANSAS CITY, MO. ae nA For Beautiful Homes SEE THESE TWO NEW PLAN BOOKS. “The DRAUGHTSMAN” $ = “PLAN-KRAFT” For one story homes. © Fortwo story homes. 1913 editions, contain exteriors and interiors of ad- vanced designs of homes featuring the new modifi- ed Swiss Chalet and Japanese Architecture. PRICE 25c EACH POSTPAID DE LUXE BUILDING CO. 523-D Union League Building. Los Angeles, Cal. HIS is a Craftsman house:—durable, beautiful and convenient, with no useless partitions, no waste space, no over-decorations. We design homes of this character for CRAFTSMAN subscribers. Write for Booklet, ‘‘Craftsman Service for Home- builders.’’ You will be surprised at the extent of our service. We aid in buying the lot, financing, home planning, landscape problems, and in everv nhase of homebnilding. Buy THE CRAFTSMAN at vour news stand. Write for Booklet to— THE CRAFTSMAN, Room 464, 41 West 34th Street, New York City xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1913 ADE in a wide range of weaves and textures, both plain and ¢ in designs, to suit all styles of decoration. Reproductions of rare ‘| he | old stuffs in Tapestries, Brocades, Damasks; copies of old museum pieces in many examples of unusual interest. Guaranteed absolutely color-fast to sun and water, even in the most delicate shades. Every bolt tagged with the guar- ae antee tag shown below. Insist on seeing this tag before purchasing. At leading stores everywhere. Ask your dealer for our book, “Draping the Home,” showing a | variety of practical interiors in color, or write to us for it. ORINOKA MILLS 215 Fourth Ave., New York Guarantee a These goods are i guarantecd ab- ' solutely fadeless. i£% If color changes from a exposure to the sunlight or from washing, the mer- chant is hereby authorized to replace them with new goods or refund the purchase price. > THIS BUNGALOW & CAN BE BUILT FOR $900 Exclusive of porte-cochere This and many others in my new book, Building Plans for Modern Homes, will save you hundreds of dollars. One of the most complete and comprehensive books of plans ever published by any architect. Contains plans of bunga- lows, two-family houses, single houses, in wood and ce- ment. Fifth edition just off the press, One hundred and fifty floor plans and photographs of bungalows, etc., costing from $250 up; gives sizes and cost to build. Sent postpaid for $1.00. FREDERICK H. GOWING, Architect 18 Tremont Street BOSTON, MASS. OWNERS AND BUILDERS OF CEMENT HOUSES Write for interesting free =] book telling how cement buildings can be success- fully painted and water- proofed at slight cost. It contains color plates Saas 4 showing how CHI-NAMEL CEMENTONE. ~will improve the appearance of new cement buildings, and make the exterior cf old buildings look new. THE OHIO VARNISH CO. 8604 Kinsman Rd. . - Cleveland, O. J A large stock Send for Catalog. The Elm City Nursery Co. New Haven, Dept. M., Conn. | Euonymus | Alatus HOW BIRDS BUILD THEIR NESTS ROF. FRANCIS H. HERRICK, of Cleveland, has given accurate accounts of the way that certain well-known birds carry on their building. The female robin does the work of building; the male keeps guard and cheers his mate by singing. She carries mud and stubble to the selected s:te. and molds it into a cup by pressing the curve of her breast hard against the stuff she has gathered, while she scratched violently with her feet against the limb of the tree in the effort to increase the press- ure. When she has firmly pressed down the nest material in one place, she rises, moves a little, and proceeds to mold the next part of the nest-cup. Thus she passes several times around the nest. Now follows the mysterious part of her conduct. When she brings the next load of building material and molds it into the nest, she goes through exactly the same process, but always circles the nest in the opposite direction. There is nothing about the ap- pearance of the unfinished nest to show in which direction the robin last turned; but she remembers, and by turning in the op- posite direction the next time, she produces in the end a nest-cup that is even and symmetrical. The oriole, on the other hand, is not a molder or potter, but a weaver. Here again the female is the worker, and the male merely oversees and encourages the work. The oriole chooses the fork of a hanging branch, and winds round the two twigs the ends of any long fibers she can find in the neighborhood. The other ends of the fibers are allowed to hang loose.. Then she selects several other twigs and fastens fibers to them in the same way until the rim of the nest is outlined. The weaving of other threads into these is done by means of quick shuttle-like movements of the bill. The bill thrusts the bit of string or piece of grass through the mass of fibers, and then catches either the same or a different thread and pulls it back at a point a little farther along. Thus by a very rapid alternate thrust and pull of the bill the weaving is done. The ends of the long fibers that hang down remain undisturbed until the nest is well along; the oriole then gets down inside of it, pulls these ends in, and weaves them into the nest fabric. The bird watched by Professor Herrick took about four and a half days to finish her nest. Her move- ments were often too rapid to follow, and she chattered incessantly at her work. Probably she enjoyed it as much as the male enjoyed his tuneful idleness. MILKWEED AS A FOOD 66 NE of the economic triumphs of the age is the utilization of waste ma- terial, and the use of weeds as food staples is a phase of this triumph,” says a writer in Leshe’s Weekly. “The most interesting of these new ‘weed foods’ is milkweed, the common, wild variety, that grows in every rocky pasture, in meadows, and by road- sides in abundance. Its large, thick, smooth leaves are familiar to all, and its deep, dull pink tuft of flowers, and later its seed pods, filled with delicate floss and flat brown seeds. When it is broken off, a thick, white, milky juice exudes. This is rich in nutrition. This common and luxu- riant weed is now being cultivated in gar- dens as a valuable food staple, and makes one of the most delicious of vegetables. It tastes almost exactly like asparagus, and is cooked in much the same way as spinach. It has been found to be rich in natural salts and nutrition, and is easily cultivated.” NT Prntteeg = ni" —e= OE TYGARDENS Nothing adds greater beauty to a house than a tastefully-ar- ranged garden—and nothing de- tracts more from the appearance of a garden than the barren spots where seeds “refused” to grow. It is not always poor soil or im- proper care that makes these blotches; but very often inferior seeds are to blame. Planting poor seedsinagarden always has that air of dubiousness— perbaps they may grow, and then again perhaps they may not. Why not make a good garden a certainty by using Good Seeds ? o Morksns Seeds “The Most Reliable Seeds” for over a century—since the days of Washington and Jefferson—have been renowned for their uniform purity and fertility. We have extensive trial grounds in Con- necticut and Long Island, as well as in France, and no effort is spared that might possibly lead to the betterment of our seeds. Our catalog contains a most complete list of flower and vegetable seeds, and the descriptions it contains are both clear and accurate. Write for a copy now, it is just full of helpfulsuggestions. And while you have your pen in hand, ask for a packet of the seeds of that beautiful new flower, the Hybrid African Daisy—ten cents in coin or stamps will cover the cost. J. M. THORBURN & CO. 33M Barclay St., ai) New York Extensive stock Japan sari Send for Catalce: Cc » m City Nursery Co. Barberry yoo fer Be Con S a ; ime ROS OG. EG OEE osoe cs EB bobs de? gee ong S Or e@eoy . 4 GO Nn d aD 3 ae en ee — 86 27 a . [7 =] OP (84 ode eo ay aia ag oo eS as T cows -~-5 Co 8 "a Sf Seto Sion B BG Sog rt PeEeor ge . = ‘a ROD ow (7) EDIE EECE Hn 8S co2520 Sm A Little Green Book For the Flower Garden (A List of Selected Seeds) PAUL DOVE (D), Wellesley, Mass. (Copy Free) Fine specimens Send for Catalog. ANDROMEDA SORREL TRE The Elm City Nursery Co. S New Haven, Dept. M., Conn. March, 1913 Ze e ZG; OIA FN 2 2s ROSES AND HOW TO GROW THEM, AND OTHER ATTRACTIVE FEATURES FOR THE APRIL NUMBER HE opening article in the April number of AMERICAN Homes will cover the subject of Rose-growing for the amateur. This is written by F. F. Rockwell, who is well known throughout America for his authoritative articles on horticultural subjects. There is always something new to learn about Roses and Rose growing, which information Mr. Rockwell will present in a thoroughly attractive man- ner. The list of Rose varieties will be especially valuable to the home garden maker. The article will be exquisitely illustrated by reproductions from photographs. The April number will also be especially interesting to the collector of antiques and curios. A practical and interesting article on the subject of “Antiques as Lighting Fixtures” will appear in this issue and also an important article on ‘Early Eng- lish Glass” and one on “Early Chairs,” all beautifully il- lustrated. The center page feature of this number will show various rooms in the house that have been furnished with old-time furniture, porcelain, and other antiques and curios of various sorts giving one an excellent idea of the relationship of such objects to the decoration of the modern home. Among the attractive houses illustrated by photo- graphs and floor plans in this number, will be one des- cribed by Harold Donaldson Eberlein, Wye house, an attractive Long Island country home, (the old Garrison house built by John Spencer in the 17th century), and the home of Dr. E. M. Holden, Scarsdale, New York. Ber- wyn Converse contributes an illustrated article on ‘The Workshop of a Literary Man,” and Harry Martin Yeo- mans contributes one on the subject of “The No-Period Style in Interior Decoration.” The usual departments, “Within the House,” ‘Around the Garden,” and “Helps to the Housewife,”’ will be included in this issue. To this last department Elizabeth Atwood contributes excellent di- rection on the subject of ‘Cooking for Invalids.” Alto- gether, this will be one of the most attractive issues that have appeared in AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. ARCHITECTURAL LEAGUE EXHIBITION HE Twenty-eighth Annual Exhibition of the Architec- tural League of New York must impress the visitor as an aggregation neither representative nor typical of Architecture in America, or the arts closely allied to it. There have been years which have found the New York Architectural League exhibitions worthy of the enthusiastic approbation of authoritative opinion, and one may fall back upon the precedent for continued optimism, despite the showing of the present year. It would be both unkind and unfair to suggest that the present exhibition contains nothing of merit. The point is that it contains much of little merit, and little of true merit. We have draughtsmen whose rendering of architectural subjects is comparable with that of draughtsmen abroad, and there are a few well-rendered drawings in this year’s showing. However, as a whole, there is lacking the note of distinction our architects should interest themselves in maintaining, if last year’s disappoint- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS [| SARIN Seer Xill ment, followed by this year’s greater one is not to permit the League Exhibitions to generate into useless affairs. Many of the exhibits might well have been reserved for the Water-Color or other Academy shows, some of which draw- ings and paintings attain real excellence but which have hardly the right to crowd out those architectural examples which not only charity but belief in American ability leads one to suggest did not get in for this inclusion. In con- tradistinction to exhibits of this sort one turns to two exquisite panels, “The Garden” and “The Pasture,” by Hewlett Basing, and “Spring,” an over-mantel decoration by Walter Stone King, which panel has all the refresh- ing grace, dignity, and beauty of color which makes it a fitting adornment to an architectural feature. Without question the most interesting work in the sculp- ture section was the “Happy Days” sundial, a boy fishing, by Harriet W. Frismuth. FE. I. Williams contributed a number of drawings and plans, those of the Isola Bella in Lake Maggiore, Italy, being the most attractive in handling, while the finely worked out restorations (per- spective and bird’s-eye views) of the House of Vestals, Rome, exhibited the value to the architect of historical im- agination, lacking which architecture would become a poor, dead thing. Domestic architecture was not strongly repre- sented in accomplished works, a lethargy to be wondered at, with all the material our architects hold forth in abund- ance. Indeed, one almost feels that indifference and not the proverbial perversity of juries (too often an unmerited designation) permits the League in these last few years to neglect its opportunities. As a matter of fact, American architecture (domestic and public), landscape gardening and the decorative arts allied to architecture hold a high place in the world’s cultural progress, wherefore it behooves the serious minded and constructive critics to urge either dis- pensing with exhibits that fail to do justice to our architec- tural crafts or to urge our architects and decorative artists to bestir themselves to keep untarnished the metal of effort that mirrors their glory to the kindly disposed, if sometimes bewildered, public at large. ANTIQUES AND CURIOS IN THE HOME HE great interest shown by readers of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS in the announcement of the new Collectors’ Department is thoroughly gratifying. New readers are invited to submit enquiries on collecting subjects in which they are interested to the Editor. The Editor the Collectors’ Department AMERICAN HOMES & GARDENS MUNN ®& CO., INC., Publishers 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK Ll am interested in Collecting, especially in the following subjects: Name TGA Aes ats Se EE eee ee he Le rN oe < yosrT7 Ss ese Cee y N 4 q SKONOPQ = D CSON V4 P/Sdsnsry CSN! = SS IX X CSOT San == 3 J » S SS) <| SY PP USNN yDE2=N sees Use Ces JPUISS = Ne 2 JRONUPOTR pede) = = \—= = Y ) 0 Y 72 SS PRs ONY, essen (wes We INE ——=) IQ FATNIKO ) ae) 2S ee I< ces 4 >) oS 3 WV LSse 5 ye Wc = (CSonM ya C Sy =) S J iY) is} =) Ss Ne 5 gparsns D BS 4 W\c m—A=) = C&S = VW 9) SASL (N=) Issa V2 Q SASNASPSQ URVPROTQ As} Sy EININS) Teen Ss x6 i ye Ss med» pan SINSINI ES] == ——x SY ce] DS SS press oo —— J PPerers PPSPNsny JPSNnsyg Ti <7] —=5J) a Y D S eS a PISS pe_=N PSS V4 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ee WHITE FIVE PASSENGER SIX Electrically Selt- Started and Lighted OS Pegsy y THE WHITE SIX Electrically Started and Lighted —Left Side Drive The purchaser of a high-priced car has the right to expect superior design and equipment as well as superior material and workmanship. The White was the first Six to introduce left-side drive, and today presents this logical method of control in its most desirable form—with right-hand operation of the gear-lever. The White was the first Six to incorporate in its equipment an electrical starting and lighting system. The White Electrical System is designed and built by The White Company, in The White Factory, especially for White Cars. The White is the only Six today equipped with an electrical system that is manufac- tured by an automobile company especially for its own product. Gasoline Motor Cars, Trucks and Taxicabs Soha 5] ga I AU a eu mai I ses a The =r a my ea aril rl nT Fain ND OBO DAvZ] Bg ih TT 4] 2} March, 1913 VAN / LY LWWw WN nv VA/A\Z aA Va /a\Z ANY, Pw y W/ wy yY W POT URT AER] FUT ER] FEST PEG) PUTT RR] TT EET a eT BSvawnwd BS SAT DBSAD BAW! COA BAD BAT BC/Az”!M CAT COA ODS Os WMS SUeJed) See) SJeJeJ) aJe Jeu) Jee Se el OSO) 2020) SOSO2OD BOROEOD SORE) SRA) aad l) BAY ONDND) SN! INI Ss ) OSAVARSSQ is} Si IN Mc cm ce ee Nees WSS TS SS (SS £5 SN yosrs = ye D Ss _——— eS Zon YS «| Ht Aes ORGNOQPQ eae Va ws \V=~ S JAS&S 7 CEN I N= J _————— \S) [ID Son (SS) prone D S => => x 5 Tees Y SEN WS v= ye 8 PPE ny VQNON (W=Z=FX = 5 N —, OK <] (=I WS WS \s} No e CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1913 £6 _ DIBEICHEELY, PLOWDRED EURPLE WISEARIA.» s9.\< 2 o0 eile ss kes eee bs “e, PeeseE eI GARDENSEOR: E:VERVONE 5 fe cceicod cee ck ns Suc tees dees A Country Home at Montctair, New JERSEY rime ees SUMMER VEGETABLE GARDEN.6 5022.6. 055 0006 cele ee we Siiel se) (ejiey s/ (0! se) eel yul el ie, (ol pe)) je\ls/ ©, 0: is~ ‘ee .efre0 se! 6) 10) le) 1eN ie) 10)! (6! ¢) 8. 50; 6 Pe P ARIE SOWING ING Yo socio! ty Baise soe ba tude ee oer wT SA PDUELD VST ae 2 See eg tio Oe eG © ct Ue Ne ee SEIpm RCH Oneal GARDEN ts aya. cist t iia os he ke es cee ee eas By T. F. Spangler 92 Pane MMe HVE wil OUSE (UN (OLE VIEL AND tenis ss 's 2) lads cit eo sie") Bijeggie bee vee ne eee 95 pene ABLE RUC Ate SOUL VIE Ry oo cop azo tee ae kos Hee ow By Robert H. Van Court 96 SUPERP RsLO@MEPICE SOU Ey IL OE Voodoo acy ts sla AE Pcs Finks Vas be hee By Mary H. Northend 100 WITHIN THE House: EE PEO OO ES er. fone 8 AAA Sidon ts = + Sls Sons By Harry Martin Yeomans 104 AROUND THE GARDEN: |r aises i Que (Gaia lees eae Ries Suet cet Oe ot Py SO een Es Be scene ces ae 106 HeELps To THE HouseEwIrFE: DUC ecmiclevmMn eMC. ELOUSE 2 4. 5.30 aR eee ria iyi cs Bis oa dese ciate ee By Elizabeth Atwood 107 Restoring Old Furniture New Books The Editor’s Notebook CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERS® BEACH President M UE NEN -& “GO. 7 Inc. Secretary and Treasurer Publishers 361 Broadway, New York Published Monthly. Subscription Rates: United States, $3.00 a year; Canada, $3.50 a year. Foreign Countries, $4.00 a year. Single Copies 25 cents. Combined Subscription Rate for “American Homes and Gardens” and the “Scientific American,” $5.00 a year. Dim a al aaa Copyright 1913 by Munn &Co.,Inc. Registered in United States Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but ‘“* American Homes and Gardens” will not hold itself responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitted 9.4 & R. . Graves an is of decorative value bh by Nath Photogra in turn ia, whose foliage Istar l Ll TKO & OQ. x S| Q. o —_ Ss a oO me) o Gc -_ i=} oS pe — tol) & = oO = (e) eG tS fe) Shee o & > > i) = - fo} o oO -_ om is) > ac iss) ra ° i=) oe o = oO = AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS By Ida D. Bennett Photographs by Nathan R. Graves ag O dress it and to keep it,” has, from the oe ig|| beginning, been the condition of the gift of 4|| land to man. To produce, from the barren waste, that which shall be either useful or beautiful; to satisfy the economic instinct and add to the material comfort of the physical animal or to satisfy the higher aspirations of the more cultivated being and express, as far as possible, our conception of the beautiful in nature under the control of man. This instinct naturally finds its most convenient and fitting expression in the planting of blooming plants and shrubs about the dwelling. Primarily this takes the form of a vine about the door, a border of low-growing flowers against the foundation of the house—the primal instinct being to keep our flowers as close to us as possible. Later we evolve the closely cropped and spacious lawn, the detached garden, with its Pergolas, seats and sheltering Summer houses and reverse the earlier idea and go to our flowers instead of bringing them to us. Given the real love of flowers and green, growing things, and there is really no condition or environment which is really prohibitive of its enjoyment. The fortunate dweller in a home of his own, has really nothing serious to contend with but his own capabilities for meeting and overcoming difficulties; the dweller in a temporary or rented home or in a city flat is often ‘“‘nonplussed” to a very serious but not hopeless degree, for the number of beautiful things which may be grown in boxes, tubs and pots in legions, and the care is often less arduous than that required in the regular garden. THE GARDEN IN A CITY FLAT Is necessarily a garden of pots and boxes, most of which should, for convenience, be placed outside the windows, as ty eae, BEES Sat OM eM PIO LD Pas: Campanula i MAD AYE ee A border of 76 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Se aS ae ne March, 1913 A a oe RATT sie Bit ct BN i OS ok Bi The low-growing flowers should be planted for massed carpet effects room in a city flat is usually at a premium. But many beau- tiful things may be grown in window-boxes, and balcony boxes are still more rich in possibilities. In planning win- dow-boxes the first essential is that they should be placed well beneath the windows and very firmly secured. Secondly, they should if possible, be of the self-watering construction in order that no leakage may inconvenience the dwellers in the flat below and lead to unfortunate complications. Only low-growing plants and trailers should be planted in window-boxes as the idea is to give a bank of luxuriant bloom below or at the sill, but not to obscure the light to A garden of Delphiniums and other hardy perennials too great a degree. In south and west windows almost any sun-loving plants may be grown—Geraniums do especially well, and Verbenas, Phlox Drumondi, Sweet Alyssum, Justitias, and Petunias will be a mass of bloom all Summer. On rear porches, stairways and like places one may plant boxes of trailing Nasturtiums, Japanese Morning Glories, the new Cardinal climber and other vines. But it is the flat dweller who has at command a flat roof adjoining her room, who is fortunate indeed, for here she can evolve, with a little ingenuity, a garden that will compare very favorably with one on the ground. The open sides of the roof should be masked with wire-netting stretched from substantial supports and in front of this, long wide boxes of soil should be placed, letting these rest on trans- verse strips of wood to lift them off the roof. Against the netting vines suited to the exposure should be planted. For low growth the Mau- randia is exquisite, being very fine and graceful in foliage and profuse in its lavender, white and pink flowers. Thunbergia is another low-growing vine which gives quantities of white and of yellow flowers all Summer and is of the earliest cultivation. For taller vines the Cardinal climber is fine, bearing a wealth of vivid Cardinal flowers all Summer. This combines exceedingly well with the Cobaea scandens and with the white Solanum. In front of the vines one may plant flowers of medium height—the Scarlet Salvia and White Nicotiana, White. Snap Dragon, White stock, and the white Candytuft, while low-growing or trailing plants may be used as edging and to screen the front of the boxes. Where a high wall forms the boundary of one side of the roof, tall plants like Cannas, Ricinus, Calad- iums, and the like may be employed to give a semi-tropical effect. If there is sufficient room a central bed of tall plants will add much to the general effect. Should, however, the condi- tions prevent the growing of vines and tall plants along the edges of the roof, then resort will have to be made to narrow boxes filled with low-growing and trailing plants. The sanding of the unoccupied space will add much to the general garden effect of the scheme and the placing of a seat or few lawn chairs will convert the bare and objectionable roof into a delight- ful and restful place. In north windows or those which give but little sun all sorts of vines, March, 1913 aisbeliees ces AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS DPE Aid Me "les Bi rg gaa LAE BESTE, RE DME: The garden walks are always made more interesting by low-growing borders ferns and shade-loving plants may be grown. I always find my north boxes much the finest, for in them I grow the Asparagus Ferns to perfection, wonderfully velvety-leaved Begonias, Ferns, trailing Fuchsias, flowering Abutilons and the like. For screening a window with an objectionable view try making a window-box just the width of the window and mounting this on a castored base. To this attach a light but firm frame covered with poultry netting and just the size of the window and plant in the box plants of Manettia vine and of the Solanum Jasminoides, the white of the one and the scarlet of the other are beau- tiful together, or, one may use the Maurandia vine or the Asparagus Plumosus Nanus which makes a most delightfully lacey screen. A screen arranged in this way, growing on a movable support can be turned away from the window when desired or rolled into the kitchen or bathroom for showering and cleansing. THE GARDEN IN THE TEMPORARY HOME Will naturally differ in many essen- tials from that in the permanent home, but need be none the less inter- esting. It will consist for the main part of Annuals and Summer bloom- ing bulbs, though bedding plants may form a not-unimportant part. Sum- mer blooming bulbs form an econ- omic expenditure as when their season of bloom is over the bulbs may be lifted, with their increase, and stored in some convenient place until wanted again in, perhaps, some far distant home. In point of bloom and ease of culture Gladioli are always a sensible choice and the newer varieties leave little to be desired in size and quality of bloom. There are a few special sorts which should always be included in the list—Princeps, one of the finest of all-red sorts in size and freedom of bloom, Blue Jay, the best of the blue sorts, White Lady, the only pure white, Sulphur King, the best yellow, and such soft pinks and salmons as Henry Gillman, Columbia, Wm. Falconer, and America. The culture is so simple as to call for but passing mention. Good, mellow loam, deep planting and a fair amount of water during the blooming period. Montbretias which resemble the Gladioli somewhat but are much smaller in bloom and more branched and graceful, require practically the same treatment of Ismenes, though they give but one flower- ing and that soon after the planting in early June, are so beautiful at this time as to more than compensate for failure to repeat the performance and the broad, strap-like leaves are ornamental at all times. Gloxinias and Tuberous Be- gonias in sheltered spots well repay the initial expense, and the less well-known Watsonia mixes admirably with Gladi- oli which it resembles in growth, but with many branched stems bearing fragrant, pure white flowers. Wherever there is room for them among other flowers one may introduce the Tuberose, planting, if possible, a A graceful arrangement of Arabia albiada 78 hundred bulbs. They combine well with the Gladiolas; also with Nicotianas and Salvias, and add just the fragrance needed in a garden of bulbs and Annuals. Of Annuals there will always be a liberal choice of Asters, Pansies and Salvias, so that we need not consider them here, but there are a few other sorts less commonly seen which should not be overlooked. Among these may be mentioned the Scabios, the ten-weeks’ stock; Anterhinums, the new bi-color sorts; the dwarf Morning Glories, for edgings; Candytuft and the dwarf Phlox Drumondi, the Ageratums, Browallias and the dwarf Zenias, all of which mass admirably. Annual Lark- spurs, Gaillardias and Petunias will complete a roster of annual flowers FLOWER May-June] Adonis Cr ed - 5 Jun-OctslAgeratum tence ocean which will make the garden [| juSep [Aster ..0.000000000! 5 July Bachelor’s Button .... gay from June until frost. PinieeD caeen eas Slipper) un-Oct [Calendula ............ THE GARDEN OF THE SUM- 7 Ate, California’ Poppy mee me un-July | Campanula (Bellflow MER ABSENTEE Jun-Sep |Candytuft pie tes Castor. Beano... 02 ste Chrysanthemum Clarkia crrercisinerncioete Cockscomb Coreopsis .. Cornflower . Cosmos Dahlia Daisyilts, ayete ste ccicere eters seis Evening Primrose .... May best be expressed in Spring-blooming bulbs and shrubs, and the latest of the Fall flowers so that the gar- den bloom may speed the i Four-o’clock ses... parting and welcome the re- Gaillardia Ee : : G A Heid turning Chatelaine. If one Godetia Sane Gourds is to be absent all Summer on business or pleasure and the garden lie neglected in the interval, then those perman- ent forms of bulb life requir- ing least attention should be planted. Tulips, Hyacinths, Crocus which should star the grass of the lawn and border beds of other bulbs; all the many varieties of Narcissus, Daffodils and Jonquils should be colonized in beds; as borders to beds of Per- ennials and in the grass of the lawn, but it will not be GIS AM evevetererete Lavatera Lobelia Love-Lies-Bleeding .... Love-in-a- Mist Mignonette Monkshood Moonflower 0.4. ses oe Morning Glory Nasturtium Nicotiana Poppy Portulaca Salpiglossis Schizanthus Stockwge incu Sweet Alyssum Sweet Pea Zinnia Jul-Aug Jun-July May-Sep Jun-Oct Jul-Oct BLOOM FLOWER Aquilegia Achillea Jun-July July (Columbine) . Aug-Oct [Anemone ............ worth while to plant freely seats Bleeding H’rt (Dicentra) of Lilies which will bloom | ye53F [pom Re oe 0D when the owner is far away. Mie IEG eee ee Early flowering shrubs like sag EUanoe i te . ° 0 un-Se Iceland Poppy ....... the Spireas, Deutzias, Lilac, Jun-Jul Larkspur eke Syringea, Weigelia, Snowball | may Ger [pany andgthe like ane-pood ittviest yi) ances Ret orca er ments which will increase in J °Xue-6% |Pyretieam 2200000000 Aug-Sep |Rudbeckia Asche beauty year by year. Aag-Oct [Salvia sue-c.cccr ses ; 2 Iun=Aug: | Scabiosay vein. cecctarete - But the flowers which will Janae Silene A Gabo noc- coma 6s A Jul-Aug |Snapdragon .......... welcome one on their return August Sunflower pa euaaae ° ul-Aug | Sweet INGER Gabanoo In the Fall, are the hardy Jun-Aug, | Verbena. 0 cee ses ei- Chrysanthemums, the Anem- J Ai2G) |\foree 8. Jul-Aug ones—the most beautiful of all our Fall flowers, espe- cially in the white forms. Plant along the north side of the path to the barn or garage, a broad belt of the golden and crimson and white Chrysanthemums, and on the south side of the path a wide swath of mixed Anemones and the walls will be a joy until long after sharp frosts have cut the rest of the garden treasures; indeed one may look for the golden heads of the Chrysanthemums poking themselves cheerfully through the first snows of the season, seeming refreshed by their bath. If Salvias and Nicotianas and Petunias are planted in early Spring so that they may become established before leaving and then given a heavy mulch of lawn clippings they will be found a mass of bloom AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS PLANTING TABLE OF ANNUALS AND PERENNIALS ANNUALS PLANTS INCHES APART PERENNIALS PLANTS INCHES APART March, 1913 in late September. And in sheltered spots the purple and lavender bells of the Cobaea Scandens and the scarlet globes of other flowers will still be in evidence. THE HARDY PERENNIAL GARDEN - But it is to the hardy Perennial garden that the heart of the true flower lover turns with covetousness and pride. Here the pageant of the flowers is a continuous procession from early Spring until late Fall. Always there is some thing to interest and look forward to. Each year sees an increase in the number and size of individual clumps and it is rarely that there is any loss which is more than offset by splendid gains. I might easily give an _ ex- haustive list of the most desirable shrubs and Per- SEEDS INCHES DEEP COLORS 6 Yellow of ae ie ennials to plant, but I think ie pees that the greatest charm of a 2 Ounce hardy garden lies in planting aD Witter name just those things which most 18 Various om mdi ae one. For og ! Vineet) if one has a penchant for , fame st | delight in collee aan me a erp: elight in collecting the a eee eat rarest and best of these ie ved White'Yellow | gorgeous flowers and the 2 eta best are gorgeous indeed. 12 WhiterBlue Yellow a possessed am I with their : BheeRed eauty, that during the 10 Hise Whit season of their blooming when I can’t stay out with Lemon to Orange 2 Ween them, I gather bouquets of 3 tem them, and carry them around 10 cre with me from place to place. 45 ee ae Lilies are another form of Pitter | eal to nee 7 wueniite, 1° Formelat hia a cereaee 5 ‘ White : c ela e 3 eench Vantous one variety quite so pleases me as the stately Auratums. Of these I planted over sixty bulbs last Fall and as they SEEDS INCHES DEEP COLORS ae s vation were magnificent bulbs—all ue Pe Ca Rose two and some three-stalked 12 ae Coral i - x Blue ones—I am expecting a not- S eps Z t i Yellow able showing. These were 18 os 1 1 16 v6 drills Various z planted among the Peonies 6 ite to 4 g Fg Blue White Pink and shrubbery as they should 5 7° - ite- Pink , ib i Various ah have been. Planted deep 8 7arious : 6 Fi White to Rose and well mulched with rotted iS oe Vellow Ein manure and this again with a if eellow leaves. Auratums are one (3 carlet ¢ Laer i s * Blue-Yellow-Whitel of the few Lilies which may os Vhite to Rose . , 4 Various be successfully planted in 36 % Yellow _ aN: x ws Reel ata Spring and as they do not oe aTious . . . . purple bloom until June will give 3 Yellow _Rrown good results. Foxgloves are another Perennial which I much affect and a big planting last year among the German Iris promise great results a few months hence. Shasta Daisies are a good investment, and the new Alaska gives a sheet of bloom all through July with an aftermath in late Fall. Speaking of Lilies, some varieties of which every gar- den should have, there is the little Anthericum, not a true Lily, but resembling a miniature Candidum, which is so dainty and lovely that it should not be overlooked in any planting of Perennials. It takes three or four years to become well established, but once this is a fact it increases in beauty from year to year, and is a reliable and persistent Perennial. March, 1913 AMERICAN Perennial poppies are always satisfactory and once established, one of our most persistent Perennials. ‘This is also a characteristic of the Dictamnus—a single clump of which, left undisturbed in old gardens has been known to outlast the generations of people. Lychnis, Clove Pinks and thrift should always be found in the old- fashioned gardens and whereever there is room for long, sentinel rows, the Hollyhock should be in evidence, rearing its flowered spikes against the blue of the sky for, unlike many other plants, the Hbollyhock re- quires no background, but is seen at its best against the region of the air. The hardy garden lends AND GARDENS 79 center. This gives a very effective means of planting as tall shrubs and flowering trees may be used at the rear, lower shrubs in the middle and _ low-growing Perennials and Bulbs and Annuals on the edges of the beds and in front. This brings all the planting well in view and another and very practical advantage is found in the fact that the beds can be extended at any time, thus increasing the area of the garden without in anyway disturbing its outlines. The capacity of beds of this shape—narrow at the begin- ning and increasing in width as they recede is very great and the path area always suthcient—a point that is well worth considering. itself to almost any form of treatment, but is always satisfactory when developed in the form of a long border following a walk-or drive, rather than in formal or geometrical beds. An arrangement I like myself when there is room for it, is to have a wide border of flowering shrubs and tall-growing plants on one side of a walk or drive, and a narrower one of lower growths on the lower or sunny side. This is an admirable arrangement for a walk running from east to west. Another arrangement which I like is found in the beds radiating, like the spokes of a wheel, from a common Hardy Asters > of Doronium Whether the home garden is an extensive or is a small one, there are more things to think about in its planting than merely the putting into the ground seeds of the flowers we are personally fond of. We must consider the landscape effects (even in limited areas) of this spot of color and of that, we must plant with judgment so the tall-growing flower stalks when they reach maturity will not hide the low-grow- ing plants, and we must plan, too, for flowers indoors, so we may have a succession of flowers especially suitable for cut- ting and arranging in vases for the table and elsewhere. 4 RT eae ES a Alyssum compactum 80 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1913 Garden front of the house of Mr. Edmund B. Osborne, at Montclair, New Jersey is a A Country Home at Montclair, New Jersey By Alfred M. Evans Photographs by T. C. Turner HIHE home of Mr. Edmund B. Osborne, at | Montclair, New Jersey, may be regarded as an example of the modern English country house adapted to American conditions and requirements. ‘he many well-planned chim- neys, the broad wall spaces and roof sur- faces, the terraces, and above all, the casement windows with their Gothic details, have much in common with the domestic work of English architects to- day. The beauty of the exterior of the house is a strong argument for the wider use of the hollow- tile covered with rough cast plaster or stucco of which its walls are built. This material is, of course, absolutely fire- proof, and the rough texture of its walls affords a certain depth of surface which is wonderfully attractive. Ivy is being trained Trnoace DEES = epee ire a of the house, whose wall spaces need this English feature. It is not always easy for an architect to persuade a client that a house may possess more than one “front,” but in this instance it may be said that there are three, for at one side the windows look out upon a broad terrace, while the rooms at the opposite side of the house overlook a circular garden walled in with a tall hedge and arranged in formal fashion with many _flower-beds and narrow paths which radiate from a fountain. The carriage entrance and porch which are approached by a drive are still elsewhere and this part of the house’s ex- terior is so defined by walls and tall shrubbery that it af- fords practically another facade and an entirely different view of ~~ the building. : Zot The entrance by which a vis- itor is apt to enter is through a vestibule placed directly beneath = ee eee | fa upon the gray background, and the main stairway, which here many vines climbing the walls assumes a dignity and import- add greatly to the attractiveness First floor plan ance which are in keeping with March, 1913 Fe APES SSS TT TT extends through three stories and placed within its well hangs a beautifully designed lantern. From the entrance or stair hall a few low steps lead to the main hall which, as in an English country house, possesses an importance which is a survival of the days when the great hall was the chief room of a house, and when other apartments, where they existed at all, were of minor importance. In this Montclair home, a very spa- cious hall occupies the greater part of one front. The walls are paneled with oak to the ceil- ing; upon their brown surfaces are hung family portraits ; aoe o. ot | a The hall its importance from an architectural as well as a prac- tical standpoint. With its graceful newel and balusters it Second floor plan ee AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 81 EE LETTE TTT rp ameymacnscertcmnece mre ananctarr eater — 3 aaa | MAE DE The dining-room and upon one side the windows of little alcoves look out over the brick paved terrace. The hall connects the more im- portant rooms, and at the far end as one enters the house, it opens into a spacious living-room where a deep fireplace occupies one end and where, at one side, a wide bay win- dow with leaded glass in casements opens upon broad stretches of lawn and many trees. Opening from one end of the living-room is a porch which differs from most porches in that it possesses a fireplace, and where beside the crackling logs one may enjoy the bracing air on a late Autumn evening. Later, during the Winter months, the placing of glass panels in the openings converts the Entrance gate 82 AMERICAN The library porch into the most attractive of genial Winter gardens. The second floor, as will be seen from a study of the floor diagrams, has been arranged with direct reference to the requirements of the family for whose home the house was built. The rooms for the members of the household and their guests are spacious and well arranged rather than numerous, and each room or suite of rooms is provided with a bath of its own. As in every really well-ordered country home the rooms for service uses and the bed- rooms for the domestics are placed where they form a little world entirely to them- selves. The architects of this Montclair country home have been particularly fortu- nate in arranging the win- dows of the upper story in such a way that they do not destroy the beauty of the house’s exterior. The space under the roof of a house of this character may be utilized in many ways, even if it be not required for servants’-rooms, and of course to be really useful it must be lighted and ven- tilated. Windows have been placed in the gable ends, and HOMES AND GARDENS Bedroom and study Terrace of the Osborne house March, 1913 The living-room dormers, where they are necessary, have been designed in such a way that they do not destroy or unduly break the broad expanses of roof. ‘The use of casement windows everywhere makes the entire window space available for ventilation during the warm days and nights of our trying American Summer, besides giving a pleasing fenestration. The exterior of the house gains much by reason of the terrace which, surrounded by its balustrade, extends around the greater part of three sides of the house, where it is continued as an architectural feature by the hedge which encloses the lit- tle circular garden. Another adornment which lends added beauty is the decora- tive lattices or trellises which are placed at various points, and which encourage vines to mount the walls. And then, of course, the beauty and interest of any country home is dependent in a large measure upon the setting in which it is placed, and here, with surroundings of smooth lawns, carefully planned grounds, and well-selected shrubbery, a beautiful home acquires added picturesqueness and beauty. i March, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 83 GARDEN SqINTHUSIASM—that boundless, impatient || enthusiasm that comes with the first Spring days—and a seed catalogue and a planting table, are generally considered the total requisites for the home vegetable garden. That supposition may be right—or other- wise. It all depends upon what sort of a garden you are willing to have. Good vegetables alone do not make a good garden; they may be grown to perfection, and it may still be an ‘‘an up and down garden’’—that’s the sort that result from haphazard planting. More lettuce than~you can possibly use—even with the help of the chicken yard— for a month in the Spring, and little or none the rest of the Summer; a flood of beans from the first two plantings, trail- ing off into gradually toughening pods, then to none at all for several weeks or months, a thing that should be avoided. Instead of this up and down supply you want your vegetables in reasonable quantities, but throughout the longest possible season —and it is a more difficult task to plan a garden so that the results shall be what they should from this stand- point, than it is to grow big vegetables and. plenty of them. Moreover, this work cannot be left until the in- spiration of “‘planting time”’ is upon us,—the opening blossoms, the bird songs, the ancestral psychological call to be out and stirring the brown _ pungent-scented earth. It must be done dur- ing the lingering, disappoint- ing days of Winter, when it seems as though the last rem- nants of his spell would never disappear. It must be done, not out in the sunlight and the wind with rake and hoe, but with pencil and paper, figures and careful cal- culations. Yet that is the only way to plan the truly satisfactory garden, and, moreover, that is the only way to plan the garden for -F.F.ROCKWELL Photographs by Nathan R. Graves Well Grown Peppers It saves time in planting and cultivation and it keeps your garden space (an asset of considerable cold cash value in these days of climbing prices for all food stuffs) producing to maximum as well as for evenly distributed results. the limit. It may easily turn out, at the end of the season, that the hours spent in your vegetable garden have proved fully as profitable as any spent in business. The emphasis is being shifted, these days, from the pleasure of gardening to the profit of it. “MODERN METHODS” IN GARDENING How, then, are we to make a plan that will assure these maximum results? First of all, we must have some knowl- edge of several comparatively recently introduced methods which make high efficiency in gardening possible. Among these are: Companion-cropping, interplanting, irrigation. Now, it may be objected that all these things are as ‘‘old aS tae leiligs” armel so, tim 2) sense, they are; nevertheless, they have all been recently developed anew, and are making possible a new gar- dening. Take, for instance, the matter of irrigation; its wonderful effects on crop growth have been known al- most as far back as the be- ginnings of agriculture itself. But it has remained for the past decade to see worked out a system thoroughly practical for use on a very small scale, absolutely de- pendable in operation and reasonable in price. Yet such an irrigation system is the most important factor so far discovered in making the re- sults of the garden certain. It is the greatest factor, too, in making possible the carrying out of any garden plan we may make. Without it, in a season of drought and uncertain weather, the schedule will have to be abandoned, no matter how carefully made up, for the crops cannot be made to ar- rive or start on time. ‘‘Suc- cession-cropping,” ‘‘Compan- 84 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1913 ion cropping,” and “‘Inter-planting’’—although useful in the depend-on-the-weather garden, can give us their best re- sults only where the problem of moisture is under reason- able control. It is on the conservative side of the facts to state that modern irrigation will at least double the product of the home garden in the average season. Farther on in this article, I shall describe this system more fully. I wish here only to emphasize its importance in enabling us to have a full supply of vegetables all Summer long. For without moisture there can be no plant growth. To vege- table organisms it is not only drink, but the medium through which they receive and assimilate their food. When the percentage of moisture in the soil becomes too low, all growth ceases. But it is the half-moisture starved condi- tion, which we have for weeks at a time almost every sea- son, that is the most insidious and serious foe to maximum crops. Our vegetable gardens are not ruined, but they just “stand still’; drag along, half-developed, to attain at last, if we fortunately have rain, only a delayed, toughened and half-size maturity. This is the condition that makes impossible the certain carrying out of any definite garden program we may arrange. For maximum and _ positive results, irrigation—now per- fectly practical on a small scale—is necessary. KEEPING THE GROUND BUSY So far, in this country, we have had too much land to become good gardeners. One half crop a year is all we have tried to force our gardens to give up to us. The time has come, how- ever, when it is worth while to get two or more crops a year, and as big ones as pos- sible, even if it does take more thought, time, and plant food to do it. ‘Succession cropping is, as the term im- plies, following one crop up with another on the same ground, as when you fork up the patch where your early cabbages have been cut off, and put in celery for Winter use. ‘Companion cropping” is growing two crops on the same soil at once. Perhaps the most readily called to mind illustration of this is the pumpkins among the corn, but it may be made to apply to many garden crops as well. “Inter-planting”’ is, where it is possible to use it, all aD of Sweet Gan — 2 Pe ae SAE BA a a A group of vegetables that have reached maturity under the best of conditions an advantage over the usual succession crops, in that the second crop is well started along before the first is off the ground. Beets between lettuce, carrots between onions are examples of this method. Let us see, now, how we may best go to work to utilize these several possibilities in our own home garden, where things must of necessity be done on a comparatively small scale. First of all, it is necessary to classify our vegetables according to their habits of growth, which is done in the accompanying table under the headings Root crops, Leaf crops, Fruit crops. Second, to indicate the various combi- nations with other vegetables which are practical—as is done in the following paragraphs. This-gives us the infor- mation required in a concise form, so that our garden plan may be worked out easily. The proportions of turnips to peas, onions to brussels, sprouts, etc., must of course de- pend on the tastes of the family. In the diagram for a garden worked out herewith, space is allotted the various vegetables in what would yield an average proportion of each. It is not intended, however, that this plan should be followed with exactness; it should be adapted to the re- quirements of the family. SOME GOOD COMBINATIONS There are so many good combinations possible, and the requirements of the in- dividual garden vary so that no set scheme of planting can be fixed upon as the “‘best.”” Seasons, also, will alter cases, and it will gen- erally be found advisable to alter somewhat our plans during the progress of the Summer months. It is neces- sary, therefore, for the gar- dener to make himself fa- miliar with the various things that can be done, not only to enable him the more carefully to plan his work, but to take advantage of every opportunity that arises during the growing season. — A planting of seed may fail to germinate, or come up very irregularly, leaving room for a “catch crop” of some sort. Letruce, of all the com- mon garden vegetables, of- fers the greatest possibility for combinations, with the possible exception of rad- ishes, which are not nearly so important. For Fall and Winter use, and even in mid- March, 1913 Summer, with irri- gation, it can be half-grown before being set where it is to mature, and then develops quickly and occupies little space. There can always be found room to “tuck it in” in the garden; the first crop between rows of early cab- bage; the second in alternate rows with beets; the third be- tween rows of early beans; the fourth in spaces between new- ly set pepper, egg or tomato plants, and so on. The loose- head types are the quickest growing and occupy the least space. Of. these, Grand Rapids is the best I know—quick AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Beets, 2early-3.5" 2Llelluce Cabeage, Learly2? 1 fadkish _| Peas, 2,early 6" ,LUrie7o LHohlrabi — >I — I ————e—eeeeeee (okt A WO SONA <1? AM AC bd FO a 0 \Carrots, early £- 2e Peas, medrusm, b,- gt 2,Turnip 2 Radish [Cawlefvower il - 2" {Leltluce | IWaboage Sum T- 26 Tt kagish | 1, Letluce Polaté ly, 5,- 11 a ead 3Dwt Corn Potailo, late 15,- 37.5" Pole Beass th essed Acles CCarrot Zale Parsnip, 4 - 6% Salstly,Z - 45° Onion, 9 - 105" =o ———SSEE_E—E Corn, late 3, - 12% 10 nitss winter SGUaS/t Beans, early a, 3" 2 radish | Carwlislow er lave {-2" 1Leqluce | 2 th ; Peas, late 2- 8 ae Sguash, summerl,-4" 2 Hadish Tomato 2, — 8” A996 lant ke, 4" 1 Lettuce Cucuméber1— 4° 1,Lelluce VA ACHING ATT TOUD (a A EEE) Beel, late § -~5= COlery a, — 8°? 10 hilts Corn, late 3 - 12" Pumpkin Plan of a home vegetable garden, 50x100 feet 85 peas, which should be carefully brushed up. Before the last picking of these is made, late cabbage, cauliflower or early celery may be set, before the pea vines are pulled, thus fur- nishing shade for a few days, which, in hot, bright weather, would be quite an ad- vantage in getting them started. And be- tween the plants of late cabbage or cauli- flower, which should be set from two to three feet apart, there is room for lettuce. Thus the peas cease to be extravagant as space-takers, for on the same ground with them, during the sea- son, we have grown growing, healthy, long lasting, and extra fine in quality. Radishes, too, can be dotted in most anywhere, as they are ready for use while most things are just thinking about getting a start. Peas are one of the most delicious vegetables, but at the same time one of the most extravagant space-users of the small garden. Here is a combination I have found useful: Sow the early sorts in double rows (six inches apart), four or five feet apart; midway betwen the rows, plant a double row of early turnips, six or eight inches apart; and six inches from these, early radishes. These will be out of the way in time for the turnips, and the turnips in time for the turnips, radishes, lettuce, late cabbage and cauliflower. Ear Ly BEEtTs, if set out or sown 14 or 16 inches apart, may be inter-planted with early lettuce or radishes. The beets require little lateral space, and grow perfectly well between the lettuce, which will be ready to use some time before the beets mature. EARLY CABBAGE, set 24 to 30x18 inches may be inter- planted between the rows with lettuce, radishes, or trans- planted beets, and followed by late celery, early peas, early beans, or turnips, inter-planted with lettuce or radishes. ONION-SETS, transplanted onions, or even onions sown from seed, if planted early on clean ground, with the rows There is much pleasure as well as profit in tending one’s own garden oe 86 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1913 SPRING First Succession Last Days to SeadsNG= Distance: Planting. Pl. Every Planting. Mature. Plants for Apart ROWE 50-Ft. Row. Jn Row Apart. Vegetables. Group. ROOT CROPS Beet, Early April 1st 4 weeks May Ist 60-70 Beet, Late May 1st June 15th 70-80 Carrot April 1st 4 weeks July 1st 60-90 iohl-rabi April 1st 2 weeks July 15th 65-85 April 1st May Ist 120-150 April 1st May Ist 120-175 Parsnip April 1st May Ist 150-175 Potato Apr. 15th June 20th 60-90 Radish April 1st 10 days Sept. 1st 25-50 Salsify April 1st May Ist 125-150 Turnip April 1st 4 weeks Aug. 10th 60-75 LEAF GROPS April 1st 1 year Broccoli April 1st 2 weeks July 15th 50-80 Borecole (ixale) .... April 1st weeks July 15th 60-100 B. Sprouts April 1st weeks July 15th 100-140 Cabbage, Early 3... April 1st weeks June 1st §0-90 Cabbage, Late ! June ist July 10th 100-150 Cauliflower April 1st 4 weeks July 15th 50-99 Celery, seed Mch. 1st weeks April 10th 125-159 Celery, plants June 15th Aug. Ist Endive April ist weeks Aug. ist 75-100 Lettuce, seed April 1st weeks Aug. 15th 100-140 Lettuce, plants April 10th Aug. 25th 40-75 April 1st June Ist 90-110 April 1st May Ist 1 year April 1st 2 weeks Sept. 15th 60-75 April 1st June 1st 50-60 FRUIT CROPS Bean, dwarf May 1st 2 weeks Aug. 15th 45-75 Bean, Lima May 15th June 15th 60-100 Bean, pole May 10th June 15th 65-100 Corn May 10th 2 weeks July 1st 60-80 Cucumber May 10th July 10th 60-75 ero mb anit act eacenat June ist June 20th 50-75 Melon, musk May 15th July 15th 90-120 Melon, water May 15th July 5th 100-125 May 15th July 15th 90-100 Peas, smooth ....:... April 1st Aug. Ist 50-65 Peas, wrinkled April i0th July 15th 70-80 Pepper June 1st July 1st 40-60 Pumpkin May ist July ist 100-130 Squash, S. May 15th July ist 60-75 Squashh We asc May 15th June 20th 80-100 Tomato May 15th July 20th 40-60 *In inches, unless otherwise indicated. The planting dates given are for the latitude of New York—every 100 miles north or south making a difference of about a week in the season. The distances given for planting “apart in the rows” indicate the distance after thinning—scecd should be sown much thicker. Groups.—A. May be started early (under glass in Spring, out-doors in seed-bed later), and then transplanted to permanent loca- tions. B. Usually occupies ground for entire season. C. Mature quickly, requiring for a constant supply, several sowings each season. D. May usually be cleared off in time to permit planting another crop, generally of an early variety. KE. May be used ta follow early crops, such as those in group D, which are cleared off the ground as soon as possible. March, 1913 14 inches apart, may be inter-planted late in June, with car- rots, skipping every fourth or sixth row so as to leave an alley for weeds and the onions when pulled, which will be ready to harvest from two to six weeks before the carrots. Corn, which requires little room near the ground, may be inter-planted with sugar-pumpkins, Summer or Winter squash, or cucumbers, all of which will do well enougn in partial shade. Beware of bugs, however. The surest way of making a success of this combination is to have the vine- plants started in paper pots in a cold frame (as described in the February issue of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS) before planting them among the corn rows. They should be so spaced as to allow from 6 to I0 feet each way, accord- ing to the variety. his enables the vines to get a strong start, comparatively in the open, where they can be better watched and cared for. PoraToOEs are another vegetable generally considered as taking up too much space for the home garden. That is largely because, in this country, we have been in the habit of planting the rows three feet apart and hilling them up. Neither of these practices is necessary or desirable for the home garden. Twenty-four to twenty-eight inches between the rows will give ample room for the development of most varieties. And where cultivation is not done with a horse, lettuce or turnips may be taken off between the rows, and-a small growing variety of sweet corn, such as Golden Ban- tam, grown in the rows, planted between every third or fourth hill, and in every other row if they art put in as close as two feet. Tomatoes, if trained up to stakes, and kept closely trimmed, as they should be, to produce. the earliest and best results, will occupy little ground space. They may be planted in rows 4 or 5 feet apart and two to four feet apart in the rows, according to how close they are to be kept trimmed. This leaves room for cucumbers, one or two plants (from seeds or pots) in the rows, so there will be room to walk between. SOME FACTORS OF SUCCESS In taking pains to prepare for a highly successful garden Now-a-days the vegetable garden is made a thing of beauty as well as one of utility AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS aa 87 this year, the very first tning to do is to select the garden site, which should be in as warm, sheltered and well-drained a situation as possible, sloping a little to the south or south- east by preference. ‘The soil should not be either wet or gravelly; almost any other sort, from a heavy loam to a very sandy one, will answer the purpose, especially where water is to be had. Then measure off the garden plot, and make a plant of it, to scale, on a substantial piece of paper of convenient size. This simple precaution will make it pos- sible for you to “lay out” your garden in advance with ex- actness. It is necessary to do this early, in order that the amounts of seed of various sorts which you require may be determined as closely as possible. One of the causes of the undesirable up-and-down garden is seed bought haphazard, according to the enthusiasm aroused by the description in the seed catalogue. After one buys it—at a good price— there is of course a great temptation to plant it a//, even if, when the product comes to maturity, we have to throw half of it away. There are two dangers in buying seed: First, that of getting too much; second, of getting it cheap. Buy the best; inferior seed is always the most costly. A WORD ABOUT VARIETIES And right at this point of making out the seed order, the important question of varieties must be settled. It is im- portant, because the quantity, the quality and the evenness of your garden products depend to a large extent on the selec- tions you make from the long list of claimants for attention to be found in any seed catalogue. Reniember one thing at the outset: the most desirable variety for tne man who grows for market may be, in fact often is, the least desirable va- riety for you. With him, table quality is not of prime im- portance; with you it is, or should be, the very first test of desirability. As a rule, one is tempted to try too many varieties, in making out the order, especially of the novel- ties. Get these latter by the packet only, if you would avoid severe disappointment, until you have tested them for your conditions. There are, however, many cases in which it is better to have more than one variety of vegetable, because different sorts are suited for different purposes, such as extra 88 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS early crops, Summer plantings, Winter keeping, etc. The lettuce that would be the quickest to give results in the Spring, if sown in mid-Summer would only “bolt”’ to seed at once; and it would be poor economy to plant an early forcing carrot for one’s Fall and Winter supply. GOOD VARIETIES OF VEGETABLES The First Crop varieties are indicated in ordinary type, the Main Crop varieties in italics. Asparagus: Palmetto; Bean, dwarf: Stringless Green Pod, White Vax; Bountiful, Rust-proof Golden Wax; Bean, pole: Burger’s Stringless, Sunshine Wax; Bean, Lima dwarf: Henderson’s Bush, Bur- pee Improved; Bean, Lima pole: Early Leviathan, Giant Podded; Beet: Early Model, Columbia; Broccoli: Early White French; Borecole (Kale): Dwarf Green Scotch; Brussels Sprouts: Dulkeith, Danish Prize; Cabbage: Wakefield, Succession; Cabbage, Winter: Danish Round- Head, Perfection Savoy; Carrot: Chantenay, Danvers, Core- less; Cauliflower: Best Early, Dry Weather; Celery: Gol- den Self-Blanching, Winter Queen; Corn: Golden Bantam, Howling Mob; Peep 0’ Day, White Evergreen; Cucumber: Davis Perfect; Egg Plant: Black Beauty; Endive: Giant Fringed; Kohl-rabi: White Vienna; Lettuce: Grand Rap- ids, New York; Wayahead, Iceberg; Leek: American Flag; Melon, Musk: Netted Gem, Spicy; Melon, Water: Coles Early, Halbert Honey; Onion: Silver Skin, Prizetaker, Southport Yellow; Okra: White Velvet; Parsley: Emerald Gem; Parsnips: Improved Hollow Crown; Peas: Best Ex- tra Early, Boston Unrivaled; Gradus; Pepper: Early Ne- apolitan, Ruby King; Potato: Irish Cobbler, Green Moun- tain; Pumpkin: Quaker Pie; Radish: Rapid Red, Crimson Globe, Icicle; Rhubarb: Wyatt’s Victoria; Salsify: Mam- moth Sandwich Island; Spinach: Victoria, New Zealand; Swiss Chard: Giant Lucullus; Squash, Summer: Scalloped Bush, Delicata; Squash, Winter: Hubbard, Delicious; To- mato: Bonny Best, Matchless; Turnip: Early White Milan, Petrowski. The above varieties form a reliable list. The planting plan having been made out, and your seeds ordered, there remains another thing you should do before A home vegetable garden with a little vineyard in combination March, 1913 the soil is ready for actual planting. Make out a “work list,’’ showing, in order, the dates of the various sowings and plantings you expect to make, the amount, and the va- riety. Simply take a sheet of paper and rule it off thus: WORK SHEET DATE VEGETABLE VARIETY April 1st Beets (P) Ey. Model oe Lettuce Grand Rapids “3 sie Wayahead “tc. ; When this is filled in, you are ready to go ahead, con- scious that everything is right in plain sight before your eyes, at any time. ‘The dates, of course, are approximate. FOOD FOR THE HIGH-SPEED GARDEN It must not be imagined for a moment, however, that the garden can be “‘speeded up”’ in this way, vastly increas- ing the product, without putting into the hopper more raw material, in the shape of available plant food, and moist- ure to carry it to its destination; nor that it can be done with lax, half-way methods of cultivation. The garden must be enriched as thoroughly as possible. Before plowing—and if it is large enough for a horse to turn around in, your garden should be plowed rather than spaded—a good dress- ing of old, well-rotted stable manure, three inches deep, should be evenly spread over the surface. After plowing and before harrowing (raking), a 4-8-10 fertilizer (that is, one containing 4 per cent Nitrogen, 8 per cent available Phosphoric Acid, and 10 per cent Potash) should be spread on at the rate of 1,000 to 1,500 lbs. to the acre—250 to 300 Ibs. for a garden 100x150 feet. You can save money, and get a better fertilizer, by buying the raw materials and do- ing your own mixing. Besides this, for the best results, you will want 25 to 50 pounds of Nitrate of Soda, for top- dressing plants, increasing both size and earliness, and 25 to 50 pounds each of bone flour, and “‘tankage,” or cotton- seed meal, to mix and put in the hills or rows for vine-plants, tomato, pepper, egg-plant, cabbage, and other transplanted plants which require it. March, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 89 (ate a U0 9 ‘e) N19 00075 Isa Oimerae oor mare Ole cvoegpoonote| [O)| [Gl] [S(O] kstecmadfoee aay em Sone ase) A House Jamestown, N. Y. By Henry Morrison NVid BOO Maas NE of the difficulties of successfully plan- ning a suburban home of somewhat more than average size is that of giving the build- ing thz: intimate air of domesticity which Americans expect in all but the most formal of dwellings. That the problem is some- times happily solved, however, may be seen from a study of these floor plans, which show a residence of rather more than usual size, and of the exterior, which has been so handled that it possesses the quaintness which one feels should belong to a home in the country or semi-suburbs. The case under discussion is the home of Mr. A. R. Briggs, built by Mr. E. G. W. Dietrich, of New York. Here, surrounded by an expanse of velvet lawn and en- vironed by shrubbery banked against its walls, is a struc- ture of stone combined with shingles weathered to the gray, which nature provides for plain wooden surfaces that are exposed to the weather. The trimmings are of ivory-white, in happy contrast with walls of stone or of shingles. The roof has not been cut up by introducing the usual dormers which so often mar the beauty even though they increase the comfort of the home. ‘The windows at the front of the house, upon the second floor, are carefully placed in one group which atfords sunlight and ventilation without breaking the roof lines as is ordinarily the case. The eaves are brought down over a broad veranda and the entrance is into a wide entrance hall where a fireplace with built-in settle repeats the note of welcome and cheer indicated without. ‘This quality is emphasized in the living- room with its fireplace within an alcove and flanked by more built-in seats beneath the windows. ‘The floor of the alcove is paved with tiles and at either side are low bookcases. The ceiling of the living-room is heavily beamed. Oppo- site is the dining-room and close at hand are the pantry and kitchen, and upon the upper floors are the spacious sleep- ing-room and bathrooms for the family, guests and servants. "Road front of the house of Mr. K R. Briggs, Jatnéstons New York AMERICAN HOME Et, ee Die ; a | : | sinracrnecngersovnute oe otacconiss~sannannsnennteinnnsoiee AND GARDENS ee BNE I at he A GARDEN SHOULD BE PLANNED TO AFFORD AN ATTRACTIVE VISTA FROM THE WINDOW OUTLOOK BB rates 92 AMERICAN ahi The lily pond is one of the most carefully designed features in the garden here described HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1913 The Story of My Garden By T. F. Spangler saq||HIEN the pioneers from New England in il the first decade of the nineteenth century settled in Ohio, on the Muskingum River, and founded the village of Putnam, named for the famous Revolutionary soldier, Gen- eral Israel Putnam, their new settlement clustered beneath the sheltering wooded hills and stretched along the banks of that pic- turesque stream. ‘The town, later the city, of Zanesville, on the opposite bank of the river gradually grew until reaching across the stream it absorbed the old village of Putnam, and with its manufacturing plants, warehouses and rail- roads, occupied the once beautiful river sides until only one stretch of the river bank on the south of Putnam side remained unoccupied and unused except to become a common dumping ground. ‘This low land, a hundred and fifty feet wide lay some twenty-five feet below the avenue, and the annual freshets of the river covered the debris with a charitable mantle of sand. ‘The title to this land belonged to citizens, whose homes across the avenue faced the river, but they gave little heed to their Sundial possessions on the river side of the avenue, and only retained the title to prevent obstructions to their outlook. This condition continued until the writer chanced to purchase a residence property on this avenue which carried with its title a portion of this river front. Later was conceived the idea of filling in this low ground and of constructing a garden thereon. The excavations for the foundations of new business houses, public buildings and churches, just across the river, which buildings at that time were rapidly replacing old struc- tures, furnished a first-class material for filling the low ground. Two convenient bridges over the river made cartage an easy matter. This dumping and filling continued for a space of more than ten years, until over sixty- five thousand loads of earth, stone and gravel, averaging a cubic yard each, had filled the former low places, including other purchases of adjoining river side until leading to the writer’s acquiring a handsome plateau of land of an average width of one-hundred and forty feet, or nearly two acres, extending five hundred and ten feet along the river. This frontage was next well protected from the annual March, 1913 AMERICAN freshets of the river by concrete walls and rip-rap work of stone carefully saved from the dumpings. A fringe of cotton wood and of willow trees, which grew near low water mark of the river, was saved to form a fine background for the garden. Then a latent love for plants and flowers inherited from the days of boyhood, but which, amid the cares Of an active business life, had lain dormant, developed into activity. AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS and kin- dred publications were studied and consulted for ideas and suggestions, and the garden gradually developed; a purely amateur work. The plan adopted divided the upper plateau into three sections, an old-fashioned garden of winding walks with shrubbery and Perennials, a formal garden, and an open lawn with shrubbery border, the river front to be terraced with three terraces to the river, supported by stone walls. The first terrace, thirty-two feet wide, lies three feet below the upper level, the second one, same width, five feet lower; a third terrace, of gravel, eight feet lower, sub- merged at times of high water, is sustained next the river The walls support- by a nine-foot heavy concrete curb wall. ing and _ separating the terraces the writer calls “home made” because they were built by home direction. Lumber facings, as if for concrete work, were set up, the stones of various sizes laid “broken ashler’’ style were placed against the planks to get a true wall, with filling and backing of gravel concrete. When the concrete had set, the planks were removed and the stone- work painted with cement mortar, and a coping of plain concrete placed on top. This work was done with common labor, and two of these walls, nearly two hun- The pergola AND GARDENS 93 DDE TE a Li gee i GUE eg Nees BAT 2s arrangements dred feet in length have now been firmly in place for over five years. Steps were needed to connect the various levels, and these were made of concrete, still amateur work and common labor. Onthe second wall was placed a balustrade of cement work. For this, the balusters, posts, top and bot- tom rails, in many duplicate parts, were cast by the “man of all work” during the Winter months when outdoor work was impossible. ‘The ability to do this work developed so rapidly and satisfactorily, that in addition to the balustrade work, under the writer’s amateur direction, this man of all work was able to produce cement columns for the Pergola, tanks for the fountains, curbing for the paths, bird paths, garden seats and pedestals for sundial and for plants and vases. A friend presented a terra-cotta lion’s head, and the following season a successful wall fountain, using some of the forms for balustrade posts, and utilizing the lion’s head, was evolved. The photographs accompanying this article will best illustrate the results of these efforts of the amateur and his “‘man.” A tank for water Lilies and gold fish was constructed with satisfactory results, then a formal garden bisected by paths formed of cement curbing and_ lime- stone screenings, with a sun- dial on a cement pedestal of home construction, at the axis of the paths. Later the Pergola, seventy feet long, of twenty Renaissance columns was set up, inclos- ing a walk of “home grown’ cement blocks laid in dia- mond plan of alternate red and white blocks cast the previous Winter. Then fol- lowed a lake of about two hundred and fifty square feet of surface laid out naturally somewhat heart-shaped with a small island. In this lake .Nymphaeas, Cat Tails, and 94 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS various aquatic plants flour- ish, including Water Hya- cinths from the St. John’s River, Florida, and Parrot’s Feather from Louisiana, and a rapidly increasing school of gold fish. The pride of this lake, however, for the past two seasons, has been the Victoria Regia (‘‘Trickeri’’ ) tie water platter of ) the Amazon,” which, with its beautiful leaves and_ gor- geous flowers has attracted much attention, the first and only plants of the kind which have been grown and flowered in the open in this section of Ohio. The lake has been christened ‘“‘Lac de Coeur” by the ladies of the family from its heart-shaped design, and the tiny island a witty friend named The Isle of Man. The mound of earth at the west end of the lake from which a jetting spring and waterfall of rustic stone and cement work, not yet completed, will feed the lake has been called the Allegheny Mountains; beyond which an open lawn bordered by irregular chumps of many varieties of shrubbery furnishes a third and interesting landscape sec- tion of the garden. A recent journey abroad with visits to the Rock gardens of England and Scotland, has produced a strong desire to The terrace walk March, 1913 add a rock garden to the general scheme and this idea is now being attempted as a part of the ‘Allegheny Mountains” and_ bordering the north shore of ‘‘Lac de Coeur.” Much work is yet to be done on the river terraces, but the joy of plan- ning and working it out has been the diversion and solace of an active business man who, out of office hours, has found health and recreation in his communion with nature in the. garden of his own efforts. The public has been freely admitted to enjoy the beauties of the garden which is locally known as “Spangler Park,” and it has become one of the show places of the city. This liberty has not been abused and the owner rejoices that he can share the sweet influences of his garden vith his friends and neighbors. It is possible that the perusal of this story of a garden that has happily worked out to be a joy not only to its owner but to the community in which it is placed will suggest to others the possibility of reclaiming waste places, especially as there are so many towns and cities situated on river sides tnrougnout the country that have paid scant attention to their opportuni- ties in the way of making garden spots out of barren places. March, FOTS AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ST PRNTRT REIN ) stains manufactured by local concerns and their colors are very muddy and disagreeable and do not seem to stand the weather, while mine has retained the original nut-brown color which I desired. (Signed) RUFUS D. WOOD. 1'{t pays to use a reliable, standard article with a reputation. Cheap, kerosene-made stains waste both your money and labor, You can get Cabot’s Stains all over the country. end for free samples of stained wood. SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Manufacturing Chemists 131 Milk Street Bostcn, Mass. Commonwealth Hotel Opposite State House, Boston, Mass. STORER F. CRAFTS, General Manager offers rooms with hot and cold water for $1.00 per day and up, which includes free use of Public shower baths. Nothing to equal this in New England. Rooms with private baths for $1.50 per day and up, suites of two rooms and bath for $4.00 per day and up. Dining rooms and cafe first class. European plan. ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF Strictly A Temperance Hotel Send for Booklet COMMONWEALTH HOTEL, Inc. The Schilling Press Job PRINTERS _Fine Book QA Art and j x Press Catalog Work Work A Specialty 137-139 E. 25th St., New York Printers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS CLINCH right through the standing seam cf metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. Send for Circular Berger Bros. Co. PATENTED PHILADELPHIA Ore | ERC] oeoGienm te fate goon tal} SED [0] Collectors’ Department iis © lamas mania eae meal (9) Readers of AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS who are interested in old furniture, silver, prints, brass, miniatures, medals, paintings, textiles, glass, in fact in any field appealing to the collector are invited to address any enquiries on such matters to the Editor of the “Collectors Department,” and such letters of enquiry will receive careful atten- tion, Correspondents should enclose stamps fo! reply. Foreign correspondents may enclose the stamps of their respective countries. L. R. R. The enamelled plate to which you refer is probably a Siena plate, to judge from the photograph. There is al- most no such thing as a “market price” on objets dart of the sort, so much de- pending upon the circumstances of disposal or acquisition. For instance, in 1861, the South Kensington Museum paid £15 for a very fine enamelled Siena plate repre- senting St. Sebastian tied to a tree, while a similar one, thirty years after, brought some £1,000 at Christie’s in London. M. M. The ring which you submit is a copy of an Egyptian signet ring of about the period of B.C. 1500. The “‘inscription”’ is composed of copied hieroglyphics ar- ranged without meaning, and thus further indicative of the ring’s worthlessness from an archaeological point of view. Bogus Egyptian antiques are very common, but genuine Egyptian antiques, on the other hand, are also fairly easy to find, and when obtained from reliable sources cannot fail to add interest to any collection of me- mentos of past ages. J. A. S. The miniature about which you enquire is of the latter part of the eigh- teenth century. During this period there were made in Battersea a great number of such enamels, but being done on copper they chipped very readily and usually are found in somewhat elementary colors, with flesh color wanting, a little red and white taking its place. There are examples of Battersea enamels in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and elsewhere in America. D, H. The wax portrait in profile which you wish to preserve should be framed in a deep, close-fitting frame, edging the glass all around with gold-beater’s skin, for while damp does not affect wax miniatures, dust invariably ruins them. It is worth noting here that there has been a revival of the art of portrait miniatures in wax in Eng- land, examples of such work by contem- porary wax artists having been shown at the Royal Academy in London quite re- cently. R. L. Because the colors of the illumin- ated parchment missal page of which you speak are brilliant, it is no indication of its being a bogus specimen. The finest ex- amples of the illuminator’s art retain their brilliance of color both by reason of the excellence of the pigments used by the early scribes and by reason of the fact that such illuminations have generally been kept from over-exposure in closed volumes. A study of styles will help the amateur to detect bogus examples of illuminated work. American museums and the libraries in nearly all our large cities possess speci- mens of the illuminator’s work for first- hand study. The Stephenson System of gy Underground Refuse Disposal Saves the battering of your can and scattering of garbage from pounding out frozen contents. Underground Garbage and Refuse Receivers A fireproof and sanitary disposal of ashes and refuse. Our Underground Earth Closet means freedom from frozen plumbing. Sold direct. Send for circular In use nine years. Tt pays to look us up. Cc. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr. 21 Farrar St. Lynn, Mass, NORWAY “Plensiajorsttrces The Elm City Nursery Co. MAPLES New Haven, Dept. M., Conn. R A i "@ DANYSZ VIRUS is a Bacteriological Preparation AND NOT A POISON—Harmless to Animals other than mousee like rodents. Rodents die in the open, For a small house, 1 tube, 75¢; ordinary dwelling, 3 tubes, $1.75; larger place—for each 5,000 sq. ft. floor space, use 1 dozen, $6.00. Send now. ladependent Chemical Company 72 Front Street, New York s| KILLED B Y SCIENCE National Photo-Engraving Company ESTABLISHED 1888 Designers and Engravers for all Artistic, Scientific and Illustrative Purposes Engravers of ‘‘American Homes and _ Gardens.”” 14:16:18 Reade St., New Bork TELEPHONE, 1822 WORTH ANTIQUES of all Sorts Send 4 cents in Stamps for Catalog of Anti- ques.—Rugs and Christmas Gifts. I ransack 1000 Attics annually. My Stock is replete with fine Old Things from New England Homes. Hand Made Rugs Hand Braided Hand Woven Hand Drawn-in Hand Hooked Rag Carpet. Quilts—Spreads Old Chintz—Patch Work Ralph Warren Burnham Ye Burnham House IPSWICH IN MASSACHUSETTS March, 1913 C. E. F. The taste for Chinese things, general to-day in England, and becoming more popular every day in America, was first introduced into England by Queen Mary (1689-1702). It is interesting to note that the famous Evelyn mentions in his diary under. date of June 13, 1653, that he “saw the Queen’s rare cabinets and collection of China which was wonderfully rich and plentiful.” It is a pity Macaulay referred less graciously to the Queen's in- spiration of the Chinese taste. He re- marks: “Mary had acquired at The Hague a taste for porcelain of China, and amused herself by forming at Hampton Court a vast collection of hideous images, and vases upon which houses, trees, bridges, and man- darins were depicted in outrageous defiance of all the laws of perspective. The fashion —a frivolous and inelegant fashion, it must be owned—which was thus set by the ami- able Queen spread fast and wide. In a few years almost every great house in the Kingdom contained a museum of those gro- tesque baubles. Even statesmen and gen- erals were not ashamed to be renowned as judges of tea-pots and dragons, and satir- ists long continued to repeat that a fine lady valued her mottled green pottery quite as much as she valued her monkey and much more than she valued her husband.” Per- haps Macaulay had in mind Daniel Defoe’s “Tour of Great Britain,’ wherein that au- thor wrote, “The Queen brought in the cus- tom or humor, as I may call it, of furnish- ing houses with China ware which in- creased to a strange degree afterwards, piling their China upon the tops of Cab- inets, scrutores and every Chymney Piece to the top of the ceilings and even set- ting up shelves for their China ware where they wanted such places, till it became a grievance in the expense of it and even in- jurious to their families and estates.” All such historical “side-lights” have an in- teresting bearing to the collector and much of the fascination of collecting lies in the field of historical research which it opens up with little effort. K. O. From the photograph of the grand- father’s clock you send with your careful description of it in detail it is probable that this is a genuine specimen of the begin- ning of the eighteenth century. Marquetry work became popular in England during the reign of William III, but its employ- ment began to decline about 1710 to make way for the interest in lacquer-work. E. G. G. It is very difficult to determine where the hanging-press or wardrobe to which you refer was made since even those specimens absolutely known to have been made in England are thoroughly Dutch in appearance. This article of furniture was introduced in England during the reign of Queen Anne, and nearly all the examples of the period of English make were de- signed by Dutch cabinet-makers who came over with William III. The value of such a wardrobe as you describe would, in the antique furniture mart, be fixed at about S175. FRIENDSHIP THAT IS WORTHY H the comfort—the inexpressible com- fort of feeling safe with a person— having neither to weigh thoughts nor meas- ure words, but pouring them all right out just as they are, chaff and grain together, certain that a faithful hand will take and sift them, keep what is worth keeping and with a breadth of kindness blow the rest away.—Dinah Mulock. Sample and AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS fo ANDERS” furniture was originated by - the Berkey & Gay Furniture Co. It has & continually gained favor for the very MN d i “oy: Beas good reason that we studied it from the greatest work of Vriedmann de Vriese, who five centuries ago was regarded as being as great a master in wood as his contemporary Rubens was in oil. FLANDERS pieces bring to perfection the rich beauty of our native American oak. Simple, strong and beautiful, they emphasize the almost exclusive appropriateness of oak for these 17th Century de- signs. With age, they acquire the polish and shading which speak of friendliness and comfort. “‘Flanders’’ has no harsh lines, yet it offers no undue ornateness. It has been imitated, but without success. Made with the Berkey & Gay purpose of providing the beautiful and the enduring, it is For Your Children’s Heztrlooms SK the salesman to show you the A Berkey & Gay shop-mark. It is not a label. It is zz/aid. It is made a part of each piece, and is a continuing guaranty of honesty of material, excellence of workmanship, reliability of design and permanence of value. Our dealer, with the displays on his OU will appreciate our de luxe book, ) “Character in Furniture,’’ giving a history of period pieces, illustrated in colors, from oi] paintings by Rene Vin- cent. We have no catalog—our furniture is not that sort. We will send you ‘‘Char- acter in Furniture’’ for fifteen two cent stamps. If you ask we will also send you free “The Story of Berkey & Gay’’ telling how the ambition of two <=> young men established floors and our portfolio of direct photo- gravures, enables you to choose from our entire line. Our period pieces are ac- Grand Rapids as the cepted as standards by comparison for furniture center of Am- faithful studies from the masterpieces of — erica. It should fire the old times. ambition of your boy. Berkey & Gay Furniture Co. 178 Monroe Ave., Grand Rapids, Michigan This inlaid mark of Berkey & Gay piece ae A House Lined with Circular Free VERTICAL SECTION, Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live init. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St. NEW YORK CITY “ee rt ‘ Pe OROSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR. honor identifies to you each xvili AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1913 Light Your Home WithElectricity Electric LightPlants forBungalows,Cottages, Suburban Homes, Farms, Hotels, Colleges, Institutions, Etc. Complete Electric Light Plants, including the Celebrated Detroit Kerosene Engine. Write for our Free Electric Light Catalog to A SAFE COMPANION For Your Children or For Yourself A Necessity for your Country Home A GOOD DOG Write to the advertisers in our columns for information about the dogs they handle. If they do not advertise what you want, write “ Poultry, Pet and Live Stock De- partment, American Homes and Gardens.” You can always have a dark green velvety lawn if you make it with UTREET ME The Plant Food Blend f for eaipana lawns, eas, trees, shrubs, eee 3 and all things that grow. Concentrated, all available, B) clean, odorless. A scientific discovery. Six years tests. : Use one-half less of U- TREE-T-ME than ordinary fertilizer and grow more fruit and vegetables, earlier and of finer flavor. 5 lbs. express prepaid $1.00 (enough for 500 feet lawn or 130 rose bushes, etc.); 100 lbs. $5.00; freight prepaid east of Mississippi River. Write for valuable free booklets. THE PLANT & LAND FOOD CO. 202 N. Garrison Lane Baltimore, Md. DETROIT ENGINE WORKS peroitmich.US.. B WE wish to call attention to the fact ee we are in a position to render com- petent services in every branch of patent or trade-mark work. Our staff is composed of mechanical, electrical and chemical experts, thoroughly trained to pre- pare and prosecute all patent applications, irrespective of the complex nature of the subject matter involved, or of the specialized, technical, or scientific knowledge required therefor. We are prepared to render opinions as to validity or infringement of patents, or with regard to conflicts arising in trade- mark and unfair competition matters. We also have associates throughout the world, who assist in the prosecution of patent and trade-mark applications filed in all countries foreign to the United States. MUNN & CO., Patent Attorneys, 361 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Branch Office: 625 F Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. GOOD TASTE ss] T is open to doubt,” says an editorial | writer in the New York Evening Post, “whether in practice we are as faithful to- day to the principles of good taste as we are conscious of them in theory. Our pride in having escaped from the Victorian ugliness in architecture, in, furniture, and in decora- tion is undoubtedly justified. In search for the beautiful we have gone back to the antique, the Middle Ages, and the eigh- teenth century in England. The things with which our great middle classes sur- round themselves are in line, in proportion, in color, more beautiful than they were forty years ago. But when it comes to the more abstract elements of sincerity and ap- propriateness, we have less cause for self- congratulation. Victorian houses were gloomy and Victorian furniture was un- comfortable. But there is exaggeration in the intensity with which we have gone in for comfort. Contemners of the Victorian taste are in the habit of saying that the houses and the furniture of the period were as narrow and drab as the life of the time. But what a dangerous admission to make, that the surroundings and the thoughts of people of that time were harmonious!” “Are our own lives in harmony with our surroundings? We have built houses in imitation of old English manor houses and furnished them in imitation of the eigh- teenth century. Or we have surrounded ourselves with the simple lines and cool colors that Munich has borrowed from the ancient world and from the Orient. But what business have our restless twentieth century lives in this austere setting? Pre- sumably, it is the esthetic sense that draws the present generation to long, dim rooms, with low-beamed ceilings and large red fire- places. But what of the higher zstheticism which arises when the soul is in agreement with its environment? As examples of formal beauty, these modernized Tudor houses that are filling up the suburbs will do very well. But to create the spiritual atmosphere that goes with such a house re- auires an effort. Of what relevancy are fireplaces and low ceilings in an age that reads by electric light and plays tennis?” TEMPER AMONG BEES HERE is an idea prevailing that bees are desirous of inflicting pain upon man, whereas they are lovable creatures, and well worth close study. It is by noticing when they resent us interfering with the internal economy of the hive that we can take percautions to avoid our wills clashing with theirs. The best time to manipulate a colony of bees is during the middle of the day, when the great bulk of the bees are foraging, and the worst is just after a heavy thunder shower, when all the nectar has been washed out of the flowers, and the bees are consequently doing noth- ing. Let the over-anxious endeavor to do anything among the bees during this in- terval and he will pay dearly for it. Again, at the end of the season some beekeepers are so foolish as to leave frames, after extracting, in the vicinity of the hives; it is dangerous then to approach the hives, and if a road be near passers-by may also suf- fer. Bees then seem perfectly crazy, and it is useless to go near them until the com- motion has subsided, and the dripping frames are either emptied of their sweets, or night has come, and the frames have been removed. This feeding on honey in the open always incites to robbing, whereas syrup-feeding on pea or other meal-feeding does not cause any trouble. March, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS x1x Tue Barcarn Boox. By C. E. Jerningham and Lewis Bettany. New York: Freder- ick Warner & Co. Cloth. Svo. Gilt top. Illustrated. 339 pages. Price $2.50 net. A distinguished connoisseur once said that there is a bargain at every dealer’s, and cer- tainly the chances of securing interesting art objects, antiques and curios have seldom been greater than they now are. Readers of the Barcatn Book will be able to judge for themselves as to the truth of this statement. and those who have no great knowledge of collecting will learn much that has not hitherto been put upon record. The book contains hundreds of striking and brightly- written stories which w'll prove as fascinat- ing to the general public as to the most hard- ened curio-hunter, illustrating as they do the various reasons why bargains are so numerous at the present time. The whole book is the result of first-hand knowledge and experience. Not the least interesting and important part of the volume is the collection of charts that accompany it. In the concluding chapter the authors of “The Bargain Book” have this to say of American collectors: “The cultivated American collects seriously,” and that undoubtedly is a fact. Epocus OF CHINESE AND JAPANESE ART. By Ernest F. Fenollosa. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company, 1912. Cloth, 4to. 2 vols. Illustrated. Price, $10 net. Professor Fenollosa was Imperial Com- missioner of Fine Arts for Japan, and this, his life’s work, is an inspired product of a life of well-directed enthus'asm. His “Epochs of Chinese and Japanese Art” is not alone for the connoisseur of things Chi- nese and of things Japanese, for quite as much will it interest the lay reader, dealing as it does with the s‘gnificant creative pe- riods and the fundamental motives. Throughout the work Professor Fenollosa advances new theories. Naturally these theories awaken discussion, and critics do not appear entirely agreed upon accepting them. However, it must be conceded that the matter presented in this work is more than ephemeral conjecture. It is the result of careful investigation of a constructive nature by a mature and scholarly mind which has had the gift of projecting itself into the Oriental point of view, turning it, as it were,.to a thoroughly Occidental inter- pretation. The author of this work states, in his introduction, that its purpose is to contribute first-hand material toward a real history of East Asiatic art, yet in an inter- esting way that may appeal not only to scholars, but to art collectors, general read- ers on Oriental topics, and travelers in Asia. Its treatment of the subject is novel in several respects. Heretofore most books on Japanese art have dealt rather with the technique of industries than with the aes- thetic motive in schools of design, thus pro- ducing a false classification by materials in- stead of by creative periods. This book conceives of the art of each epoch as a peculiar beauty of line, spacing, and color which could have been produced ai no other time and which permeates all the industries of its day. Writers of English works on Chinese art have produced rather studies of literary sources than of art itself, and in this respect “Epochs of Chinese and Japa- nese Art” is a welcome departure. The writer also does much toward uprooting the ea SS 5) NA xs 35 EI a = Qe 4 od So IM RRR ae SO AUT MM MM MT Convenience A built-in-refrigerator planned with the house, becomes a permanent feature for convenience and saving of steps in the kitchen. The rear ice door keeps out the ice man with his muddy feet—and you can be sure that foods will be kept always fresh and free from odors if you install the modern, sanitary McCray Refrigerator The McCray patented construction keeps a clear, cool current of air circulating throughout the food chambers all the time. The melting ice absorbs all odors and carries them away. Most sanitary easiest cleaned linings of opal glass, enamel, porce- lain or odorless white wood—no zinc. Special ice water cooler and racks for bottled beverages. Economical in ice consumption, beautiful in appearance, satisfactory always. Sooo oot eo oon oo eo Se ooo ooo f McCrays were chosen by the U.S. Pure Food Laboratories and are installed in the H most luxurious institutions and private residences. A large range of stock sizes for families in homes already built. These also can be arranged for the outside icing door. Write for free book, ‘‘How to Use a Refrigerator’ and any of the following catalogs: No. 90—Regular sizes for Residences. No. 69—For Grocers. No. 73—For Florists. No. 60—For Meat Markets. No. 49—For Hotels, Clubs, Institutions. No.A.H.—Built-to-Order for Residences. McCRAY REFRIGERATOR COMPANY, 587 Lake St., Kendallville, Ind. Salesrooms in the Following Cities: MILWAUKEE, Water and Sycamore Sts. MINNEAPOLIS, 103 N. 6th St. ST. LOUIS, 304 N. Third Ave. PITTSBURGH, 114 Market St. a NEW ORLEANS, 225 Baronne St. COLUMBIA, S. C., Main Street. CLEVELAND, 1915 Euclid Ave. SAN FRANCISCO, Geary & Stockton Sts. ATLANTA, GA., 82 Marietta St. DETROIT, 239 Michigan Ave. CINCINNATI, 303 E. 4th St. INDIANAPOLIS, 1116 Prospect St. For branch salesrooms in other cities see your local phone directory. i A) PPK seal Sore CHICAGO, 158 N. Wabash Ave. NEW YORK, 231 W. 42nd St. PHILADELPHIA, 206 S. 11th St. BOSTON, 52 Commercial St. WASHINGTON, 611 F St., N. W. LOUISVILLE, 643 S. Fourth Ave. a aus 52 -} Soa oe oo — 5 > SJ RY SN as SO oe rer PESTS & Se a New Edition—Just Published The New Building Estimator By WILLIAM ARTHUR A practical guide to estimating the cost of labor and material in building construction from excavation to finish, with various practical examples of work presented in detail and with labor figured chiefly in hours and quantities. A. handbook for architects, builders, contractors, appraisers, engineers, superintendents and draftsmen. _ The eleventh revised and enlarged edition, just published, has been reset throughout and gives the latest prices. It contains 50° more matter than the previous edition. Price $3.00 postpaid MUNN & CO., Inc. 361 Broadway New York, N. Y. New j BUILDING ESTIMATOR Size—5 x 7 inches Illustrated. Flexible Leather. Gilt Edges. 744 pages. xx AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1913 le a. ee eee telescope, becomes a reporter of the movements of a hundred worlds greater than ours, and the student of celestial activities millions of miles away. He points his instrument at any spot in the heavens, and his sight goes rushing through space to dis- cover and inspect a star hitherto unknown. Up to the power of his lenses, his vision sweeps the universe. As the telescope may be focused upon any star, so the telephone may The Talesthne of Speech The astronomer, by the power of his . be focused upon any person within the range of its carrying power. Your voice may be directed any- where in the Bell System, and it will be carried across country at light- ning speed, to be recognized and answered. The telescope is for a very limited class, the astronomers. The telephone is for everyone. At the telescope you may see, but cannot be seen. At the telephone you may speak and be spoken to, you may hear and be heard. By means of the Bell System this responsive ser- vice is extended to the whole nation. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES One Policy 361 Broadway One System Concrete Pottery and Garden Furniture By Ralph C. Davison HIS book describes in detail in a most practical manner the various methods of casting concrete for ornamental and useful purposes. crete vases, ornamental flower pots, concrete pedesials, con- crete benches, concrete fences, etc. tions are given for constructing and finishing the different kinds of molds, making the wire forms or frames, selecting and mixing the ingredients, covering the wire frames, model- ing the cement mortar into form, and casting and finishing the various objects. Directions for inlaying, waterproofing and reinforcing cement are also included The information on color work alone is worth many times the cost of the book. With the information given in this book, any handy man or novice can make many useful and ornamental objects of cement for the adornment of the home or garden. The author has taken for granted that the reader knows nothing whatever about the subject and has ex- plained each progressive step in the various operations throughout in detail. 16 mo. (5% x 7% inches) 196 Pages. Price $1.50, postpaid MUNN & COMPANY, Inc., Puitishers Universal Service It tells how to make all kinds of con- Full practical instruc- 140 Illustrations. New York old fallacy of regarding Chinese civiliza- tion as standing for thousands of years at a dead level, by openly exhibiting the special environment of culture and the special structural beauties which have rendered the art of each period unique. The treatment of Chinese and Japanese art together, as of a single aesthetic movement, is a third inno- vation, in which the author seeks to show that, not only were they, as wholes, almost as closely inter-related as Greek art and Roman, but that the ever-varying phases interlock into a sort of mosaic pattern, or, rather, unfold in a single dramatic move- ment. High praise should also be bestowed upon the well-chosen, finely printed and beautiful illustrations that accompany this monumental work. MoperN ARGENTINE. By W. H. Koebel. Boston: Dana Estes & Co. Cloth, 8vo. Illustrated. 380 pages. Price, $3.50 net. There are few countries in the world about which the public at large has so little knowledge in proportion to its magnitude as the Argentine Republic, and Mr. W. H. Koebel’s ‘Modern Argentina” will there- fore find a welcome in that it supplies a source for interesting information on an important country. BATTLESHIPS OF THE UNITED States Navy. From Photographs by E. Muller, Jr., Photographer United States Navy. In- troduction by George von L. Meyer, Sec- retary of the Navy. New York: E. Muller, Jr. Price, 50 cents. This excellent work is based upon several years’ service by the author as official pho- tographer to the United States Navy. It opens with a portrait of the Secretary of the Navy and a short introduction. Then fol- lows a page explaining, in a graphic way, the difficulties under which photographs of ships in action are obtained. The majority of the photographs are 6% by 9% inches, and the one hundred or so pages are almost entirely filled with excellent reproductions of the ships of the navy. The book con- tains a good half-tone of every important battleship and armored cruiser, all of these being 6% by 9% inches. Then follows a remarkable series of photographs of gun practice, taken during the Spring and Autumn target practice. Some of these are already familiar to the public. Others are entirely new and were taken at the last maneuvers. The book also contains views of the life of the seamen and officers in de- tail, and in addition to target practice it in- cludes views of torpedo practice, mine lay- ing, and the various sports and pastimes which render life at sea attractive to the enlisted man. Of special interest will be some of the latest photographs taken at the moment of discharge of the big guns at the recent gun practice. MopERN ETCHINGS, MEZZOTINTS AND Dry- Points. Edited by Charles Holme. New York: The John Lane Company: 1912. Paper. - Large 8vo. \ (279-\ppiewenices $3.00 net. The extraordinary efflorescence in re- cent years of the etcher’s art, due, beyond question, primarily to the influence of Whistler, has widened the public apprecia- tion and encouragement of original etching to an extent never previously known. “Modern Etchings, Mezzotints and Dry- Points” is, therefore, in no sense “caviare to the general,’ nor will the “particular” cast it aside as a collection of pages for amateurs, inasmuch as this volume is an ex- cellent and authoritative presentation of the progress of contemporary etching, exquis- March, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xxi itely illustrated with fine reproductions that indicate, in a most satisfactory manner the beauties of the etchings, mezzotints and en- gravings under consideration. The text of the section devoted to British artists is by Malcolm C. Salaman, that to American ar- tists by E. A. Taylor, who also contributes an essay on the French artists. The art of the etcher and engraver in Holland is discussed by Ph. Zilcken, Austria receives the attention of A. S. Levetus, Germany, that of L. Deubner, and Thornsten Lauren contributes an appreciation of Swedish etchers. Every collector interested in prints should have a copy of “Modern Etchings” and so should the one who has not yet found himself within the thrall of this fascinating art, as it would serve as an inspiring introduction to the subject. OF LOMBARD AND By Arthur Kingsley Porter. New Haven: Yale University Press: 1911. Boards, canvas back. 8vo Illustrated. 29 pp. and numerous plates. Price, $2 net. Modern archaeologists recognize the rib vault as the cardinal and essential feature of Gothic architecture. Recent historians of architecture have abandoned the old-time archaelogical methods of viewing medieval structures as buildings to be analyzed from the purity aesthetic stand alone. Mr. Por- ter’s treatise is a careful study of Lombard and Gothic vaulting, and goes into the sub- ject of the influence that had the builders of the transitional period to adopt the rib vault and give it preference over the groin vault, barrel vault and dome. The illus- trations in this book are. generous in num- ber, well chosen and beautifully printed. THE CONSTRUCTION GoTHIC VAULTS. MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE: Its Origins and Development. By Arthur Kingsley Por- ter. New Haven: Yale Univ ersity Préss: 1912. Cloth. Large 8vo. Gilt tops. Profusely illustrated. 2 volumes. 681 pp. Price, $12 net. It has been a fundamental plan on the part of the author of “Medieval Architec- ture,’ to assume no previous technical knowledge on the part of the reader. Al- though each technical word or phrase has been explained as it comes up, or is used in such context that its meaning is obvious, the work is truly a A otaely one and should be of value to the more advanced student as well as to the general readers to whom, primarily, Mr. Kingsley has addressed himself for the purpose of putting such readers in possession of that knowledge which is indispensable for the cultivation of an appreciation and enjoyment of ‘the great masterpieces of Gothic architec- ture. Likewise travellers. will find “Medieval Architecture’ a vade mecum of somewhat larger scope than hitherto has been attempted although these two volumes do not pretend to cover the entire field of the architecture of the Middle Ages; certain styles having been reserved for inclusion in a subsequent work. Nevertheless, the author has traced the formative- styles of the period to their origins in Antiquity fol- lowing their unbroken thread to the Renais- sance. These formative or generative styles are the key of medieval architectural his- tory; if the main events of their develop- ment be once firmly grasped (and Mr. Por- ter has presented them clearly and attract- ively), a perspective of the entire field of medieval art will have been gained, and the various minor styles at once will fall into their due position in regard to the broader tendencies of the times. Mr. Por- ter has chosen wisely to wtite not so much a history of a certain number of more or THE rote urs WHITE k = ec — ey k b ~ ee S _ paren Re AN you imagine a cleaner or more delightful effect in your home than wood- work made white with Vitralite? Send for Booklet and Sample Panel | finished with Vitralite, showing its porcelain-like gloss. It is tough, durable and water-proof, whether used inside or outside, on wood, metal or plaster. Vitralite is economical, easy to apply ~4 and will not show brush marks nor turn yellow --| like most enamels. On your floors and linoleum, whether old or new, “61°” Floor Varnish will give you a finish that is water-proof, heel-proof and mar-proof. ‘Test it yourself. Send for Free Floor Booklet and Sample Panel finished with ‘‘61.’? Hit it with a hammer — you may dent the wood but the varnish won’t crack. Also send for booklet Decorative Interior Finishing. Pratt & Lambert Varnish Products are used by painters, specified by architects, and sold by paint and hardware dealers everywhere. Address all inquiries to Pratt & Lambert-Inc. 119 Tonawanda St., Buffalo, N. Y. In Canada, 63 Court- wright St., Bridzeburg, Ont. Pete ue ‘Est LISHED 4 Years ene a FRIDGEBURG. CANADA — : MBURG Just Published The Modern Gasoline Automobile Its Construction, Operation, Maintenance and Repair By VICTOR W. PAGE, M. E. 700 (6x9) Pages. 500 Illustra ions. 10 Large Folding Plates Price, $2.50 HE latest and most complete treatise on the Gasoline Automobile ever issued. Written in simple language by a recognized authority, familiar with every branch of the automobile industry. Free from technical terms. Everything is explained so simply that anyone of average intelligence may gain a comprehensive knowledge of the gasoline automobile, The information is up-to-date and includes in addition to an exposition of principles of construction and description of all types of auto- mobiles and their components, va uable money-saving hints on the care and operation of motor cars propelled by internal combustion engines. Among some of the subjects treated might be mentioned : ‘Torpedo and other symmetrical body forms designed to reduce air resistance; sleeve valve, rotary valve and other types of silent motors; increasing tendency to favor worm-gear power-transmission ; universal application of magneto ignition ; development of automobile electric lighting systems; block motors ; underslung chassis; application of practical self-starters; long stroke and offset cylinder motors; latest automatic lubrication systems; silent chains for valve operation and change-speed gearing; the use of front wheel brakes and many other detail refinemeat-. By a careful study of the pages of this book one can gain practical knowledge of automobile construc- tion that will save time, money and worry. Ehe book tells you just what to do, how and when to doit. Nothing has been omitted, no detail has been slighted. Every part of the automobile, its equipment, accessories, tools, supplies, spare parts necessary, etc., have been discussed comprehensively. If you buy or intend to become a motorist, or are in any way interested in the modern gasoline automobile, this is a book you cannot afford to be without. Not too Technical for the Layman—WNot too Elementary for the More Expert Send prepaid to any address on receipt of price A special eight page circular describing this book sent free on request MUNN & COMPANY, Inc. 361 Broadway, New York, N.Y. Xxii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1913 less arbitrarily chosen monuments, as a his tory of groups of monuments, of styles. He has not hesitated to devote much space to the discussion of the formation, the de- velopment, the culmination of these styles considered in their broadest terms; to their mutual interrelations, and to the effect on architecture of the social and economic peculiarities of the age. It has long been recognized in the field of political history that the historian who would convey a true understanding of a period must go far be- yond a mere catalogue of kings, battles and dates. Similarly in architectural history there has been a decided tendency of late years to lay greater emphasis on the broader significance of events to see in the general course of development something far deeper, more vital than the individual building, its peculiarities and its date. Mr. Porter has succeeded admirably in the im- portant work he has undertaken. WATER WITH MEALS NTIL very recently, says the New York Times, nobody thought of doubt- ing that it was injurious to drink water at meals. That highest of authorities, “every- body,” said so and had highly plausible reasons with which to support the state- ment. Water taken with food made dangerously easy abstention from proper chewing, it weakened by dilution the ef- ficacy of the various digestive secretions, and it did half a dozen obnoxious things which in confidential moments were minutely described for the edification of the wise and the scaring of the foolish. What everybody said, nobody thought to test, and though we all, as soon as we grew CAN you appreciate the charm of 7) ii 1) up, did take water about when and as playing the world’s finest music on » Ea thirst demanded, the indulgence in it at a magnificent piano without the labor \ meals was a matter of compunction more or the drudgery of years of practice or study— } or less keen, and children, poor things, were THE almost always forced to go without a drink 5 s at the time when they wanted it most. Re- Kranich con Bach Player-Piano » cently some real investigation of this ques- enables: voureondouehie arene euane Ve tion has been made, and The Journal of the and expression of the virtuoso. An exquisite catalogue and amusing storiette free on request. At last the ideal guide, the result of twenty years of study and travel, is completed. It is endorsed by every steamship and rail- American Medical Association reviews the result. me eo It is that the joy so long forbidden is KRANICH & BACH A? not only harmless and innocent, but 237 East 23rp St., New York City i He ey actually beneficial. In this, of course, as i in everything else, there should be modera- tion, but there seems to be less than no excuse at all either for banishing water - from the table or for limiting the consump- NOW READY S$ | | tion of it there to a few stingy, uncon- 5 ATO . tenting sips. ase! | The Scientific American Foreigners, who have always affected a sad wonder at the American liking for ice w|H d b k f T ] | | water, just as, for a like unconfessed rea- an oO Oo Yr ave son—disinclination to spend men for ° ° comfort—they have criticised the American With Hints for the Ocean Voyage for European ‘ane ees houses ‘decently. Gnceeaia Tours _:-:_A Practical Guide to London and Paris | | Winter, will be pleased to learn that when the water taken at meals is too cold it By ALBERT A. HOPKINS delays the process of digestion. It is per- Editor of Scientific American Reference Book. 500 Pages. 500 IIlus- missible to suspect, however, that even this trations. Flexible cover, $2.00, net. Full leather, $2.50, net, postpaid. accusation will be refuted or qualified by further examination of the subject. The pleasure that ice water gives—its ability : : vs ees to “touch the spot” as tepid water never road company in Europe. To those who are not planning a trip it is does—simply cannot be without logical ex- equally informing. Send for illustrated circular containing 100 questicns | | planation and justification. It presumably out of 2,500 this book will answer. Itis mailed free and will give some kind of idea of the contents of has several good effects as well as one bad this unique book, which should be in the hands of all readers of the, 4merican Homes and Gardens, consequence—if the mere delaying of as it tells you exactly what you have wanted to know about a tip abroad and the ocean voyage digestion be a) pad Cor aes WHAT THE BOOK CONTAINS—500 Illustrations, 6 Color Plates, 9 Maps in Pocket Instinct.and. appetit sae ce Names 2,000 Hotels, with price; All About Suis “A Safer Sea,” Aatomobiling in Europe: logically perverted, ane prety ai ors The Sea and its Navigation, Statistical Information, Ocean Records, 400 Tours With and they deserve to be truste ane BNOMS Prices, The Passion Plays, Practical Guide to London, Practical Guide to Paris. than they are, especially i in a land like this, s where there still lingers something of the MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York | | oid Puritan idea that anything pleasurable is vicious. eee March. 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Xxill THE METALS IN ANTIQUITY N his Huxley memorial lecture Prof. W. Gowland traced the origin of the smelt- ing furnace to the camp fire, in which, if by chance a lump of ore either of copper carbonate, tin-stone, or brown iron ore or hematite, had been one of the ring of stones surrounding the camp or domestic fire and had accidently become embedded in its em- bers, it would undoubtedly be reduced to metal. The metals which occur—native copper, gold and iron—were undoubtedly the first to be known to man in the localities in which they occurred, but until the art of smelting metals had been invented, the dis- covery and use of the native metals was in- sufficient to affect to any great extent the old Stone Age culture. Gold, although doubtless the first metal to be known in many localities owing to its wide distribution in the sands of rivers, was useless for any practical purpose. Copper, however, or an alloy of the metal with tin, antimony, or arsenic, was extracted from ores at a very remote period, and it or its alloys was the first to be applied to prac- tical use. In fact, the first metal to be ob- tained by primitive man by smelting copper ores depended on their composition, and in the localities where tin did not occur it was a more or less impure copper. The extraction of gold from its ores on a large scale in the earliest times was at- tributed to the Sudan district of Egypt. Egypt is also noted for having produced the first mining map in the world, a map showing a gold-mining region of the time of Seti I or Rameses IT (1350 to 1330 B. C.). The influence of silver and lead on the development of primitive culture was shown to be insignificant, the latter metal only be- coming of importance during the supremacy of the Romans, in connection with their elaborate systems for the supply and distri- bution of water and in the construction of baths. As regards iron, the belief that the first iron generally known to man was either of meteoric origin or telluric native iron is not supported by any substantial evidence. Nor is such origin necessary, as iron ores are so easily reducible that they can be con- verted into metallic iron in an ordinary charcoal fire. They are, in fact, reduced to metal at a considerably lower temperature than the ores of copper. The earliest iron smelting in Europe has been traced to the upper waters of the Danubian tributaries, the ancient Noricum, but in still earlier times iron was extracted from its ores in the region on the southeast of the Euxine, in Ferghana and other locali- ties in Asia, In Africa, so far as metal- lurgical evidence may be depended on, the extraction of iron from its ores was carried on at a remote date. That this early A fri- can iron smelting was known in Egypt is well shown by a bas-relief on a stone now in the Egyptian collection in Florence. RARE EGGS HE price of the eggs of the great auk, despite their scarcity—there are but seventy-three in existence, and the great auk is extinct—is going down along with that of the barnyard product, cof. nts the New York Evening Post. Two gre nk’s eggs were recently sold in London. G went for about $800 and the other for guineas less. The first one was sold in 18» for considerably over $900. The best price record ever made by an auk egg appears to have been in 1888 by one belonging to Sir J. H. Greville Smyth, and now in the Bris- tol Museum. A collector paid $1,125 for it. SANED “THE OWNER ¢ 00 ee A Doctor — Says:— Andrews Heating Co. Boise, Idaho, Jan. 14. 1910. My neighbor says it requires | 1 hours hard firing to heat his radiators. My radiators get hot in twenty-five minutes. He uses anothermake. Our houses are the same size. He used 40% more coal. ! put my Andrews plantin myself, working evenings, and saved over $200. We are more than satisfied. Very truly yours, L. C. Bowers, M.D. The Andrews Steel Boiler is the Regurgitating Satety Valve and Most Efficient and Durable Made Ké There can be no doubt in anyone's mind of the extra efficiency of Andrews The Andrews Regurgitating Safety Valve Group System of Piping is a Steel Boilers, if they are given the least study. Being made of plate steel and wonderful little device which enables the use of smaller having nearly double the heating surface of any boiler made, they heat up very radiators and piping, at the same time maintains the full quickly on small amount of fuel of any grade. The flues are easily accessible efficiency. This makes a saving in the cost of and can be cleaned thoroughly in a few minutes. The fire pot and combus- the plant as well as a decrease in the floor space tion chamber are large, the grate is of the latest rocking and dumping pattern needed by radiators for other systems. Our group system’ of piping gives independent circulation in and the entire design is aimed at utmost efficiency. 360 Days Free Trial ; practically every radiator, thus doing away with Guaranteed by Bond The Andrews Systems have been sold for over thirteen years and today they one radiator decreasing the efficiency of ot'ers on the same lead. A\ll rooms are heated evenly. are giving excellent satisfaction in over 700 cities and towns scattered over the Most Economical and country. Doctors, lawyers, engineers, and men in all lines of business have Gives Greatest Comfort profited by our method of selling cut-to-fit, ready to erect heating plants. No The first cost of a plant is not the item on which other manufactnrer has the faith in his product to sell on a 360 day trial basis and guarantee it by a bond. Easily Installed in New or Olid Houses Estimate FREE No matter what your problem of heating may be write for our free estimate on a plant to meet your exact requirements. Send us your plans or rough diagram of your building, showing sizes of each floor, loca- tion of windows, height of ceilings, etc., and our engineers will give you the cost of a complete system all cut to fit, ready to screw together and delivered at your nearest station, freight prepaid. $20 Thermostat FREE Asa special hurry-up offer to American Homes and Gardens readers we will give free . one of our famous ‘‘Hired Man’’ Thermostats A to each person answering this ad within 30 days and buying an Andrews System of any size My curing 1913. This heat regulator takes complete charge of the dampers of ii your heater maintaining the exact temperature you desire in your rooms day or eer night. Itsavesfuelas well as doing away with the care, worry and work of 7 tending the dampers. Regular price $20—Clock $5 extra. Write today. _ i Andrews Heating Co. ST 7 ee zl : : Furniture oe az UTSCHE KU NST ; era ae: faim te ineroalond Exhibition D DEKORATION JB in: thekawshttone WOHNUNGSKUNST MALEREI :PLASTIK ARCHITEKTUR: GARTEN KUNST LERISCHE : FRAUEN ARBEITEN HERAUSGFBER HOFRAT ALEXANDER KOCH DARMSTADT. 7.59 Marks quarterly post-paid. Single Number Marks 2.50 TO BE HAD OF ALL TO THOSE REFERRING TO THIS ADVERTISEMENT WE LEADING BOOKSELLERS SEND OURCOPIOUSLY ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET, 1912 FREE VERLAGSANSTALT ALEXANDER KOCH +» DARMSTADT. For every Family having a taste for art! choice should be based. Fuel economy and durability as well as ease of operation and general corrfort obtained are the essential items and these are provided in the fullest measure by the Andrews Hot Water Systems. Write for Big Free Heating Book This book of 72 large pages is full of practical knowledge on the best heating methods. Its illustrations and text afford a broad education in the problems of heating and everyone interested should write for it whether they contemplate buying an Andrew System or not. It also describes other lines for ——— - modernizing the home such as Sewage Dispo- Ne Made of sal without — sewer, PlateStee Thermostats, Air- : 8 Pressure, Water Sup- ply, Gasoline - Gas 4 Lighting Systems, etc. A=* In writing, please send fz name of two parties in- terested in heating. Le i iil 2 Freight is s a Dealer 1316 Heating Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn. to the following: The Great Art Exhi- Painting bition in Berlin 1912: _/——____ *> Works by Otto H. Engel, Hermann Gohler, Arthur Kampf, Carl Larsson, Albert = Mannchen, Frit, A. Pfuhle, Plastic - Art Paul Plontke, lvan Thiéle, Hans Toepper and others. Professor Eugen Bracht- Dresden: Paintings from the Jubilee Exhibition Darmstadt, House onthe occassion of his 70" birth- Architect re, the whole of the interior arrangements and fit- Industry. Metal-work, Por- celain,Glass, and leather-work, Costumes by Paul Poiret, Paris and many other things. 130 ILLUSTRATIONS 2EASKAND : | : ; : E XXIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1913 Popular Handbook for Cement and Goncrete Users Cement and Concrete Worl. III. Kinds of Cement Employed in Construction. TV. Hydraulic. V. Testing. XI. Mortar. XII. Grout. Kinds of Reinforcements. XVI. Forms for Plain and Reinforced Concrete. XVIII. Artificial Stone. JUST PUBLISHED By MYRON H. LEWIS, C. E. Octavo (6% x 9% inches) 500 Pages, 200 Illustrations. Price, $2.50, Postpaid | PSS is a concise treatise on the principles and methods employed in the manufacture and use of concrete in all classes of modern work. The author has brought together in this work, all the salient matter of interest to the users of concrete and its many diversified products. The matter is presented in logical and systematic order, clearly written, fully illustrated and free from involved mathematics. Everything of value to the concrete user is given. It is a standard work of reference covering the various uses of concrete, both plain and reinforced. Following is a list of the chapters, which will give an idea of the scope of the book and its thorough treatment of the subject: I. Historical Development of the Uses of Cement_and Concrete. II. Glossary of Terms Employed in Limes, Ordinary and Lime Plasters. VI. Natural Cements. VII. Portland Cement. VIII. Inspection and IX. Adulteration; or Foreign Substances in Cement. X. Sand, Gravel, and Broken Stone. XIII. Concrete (Plain). XIV. Concrete (Reinforced). XV. Methods and XVII. Concrete Blocks. XIX. Concrete Tiles. XX. Concrete Pipes and Conduits. XXI. Concrete Piles. XXII. Concrete Buildings. XXIII. Concrete in Water Works. XXIV. Concrete in Sewer Works. XXV. Concrete in Highway Construction. and Abutments. XXX. Concrete in Docks and Wharves. crete on the Farm. XXXIII. Concrete Chimneys. XXXIV. Concrete for Ornamentation. crete Mausoleums and Miscellaneous Uses. proofing Concrete Work. Finishing Concrete Surfaces. XL. Specifications and Estimates for Concrete Work. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers XXVI. Concrete Retaining Walls. XXVII. Concrete Arches Concrete in Subway and Tunnels. XXIX. Concrete in Bridge Work. XXXI. Concrete Construction Under Water. XXXII. Con- XXXV. Con- XXXVI. Inspection for Concrete Work. XXXVII. Water- i XXXIX. Method for XXVIII. XXXVIII. Coloring and Painting Concrete Work. 361 Broadway, New York The Newest and Most Successful Art Books Modern Etchings, Mezzotints and With (Special Winter Number of THE INTERNATIONAL STUDIO.) gto. Cloth, $3.00 net. age, 25 cents. Tapestries: Their Origin, History, and Renaissance By GreorGE LELAND HUNTER Dry-Points numerous reproductions of recent notable examples. Large paper edition on Normandy vellum, with uncut pages 5!4x11, bound simply, in boards and Japanese vellum, and boxed. Each of the 550 copies, of which 500 are offered for subscription, will be signed by the author, and numbered in sequence of receipt of subscriptions. Sample pages on request. -ostage, 35 cents. Paper, $2.50. Post- ** In the preparation of this volume the Editor has secured the co-operation of the most distinguished etchers of Great Britain, France, Germany, Holland, Sweden, Austria, and the United States. The Studio Year Book of Decorative Art, 1913 The eighth issue of the Studio Year Book will appeal to all who are interested in the most recent developments in the Decorative and Applied Arts, as exemplified by the work of the leading architects, designers, and craftsmen. Exterior and interior domestic architecture will be specially dealt with. Upward of goo reproductions. Cloth, $3.00 net. Postage, 35 cents. Paper, $2.50 net. Postage, 25 cents. ? ) bs SD Chapter XVI is devoted entirely to the Tapestries of the Metropolitan Museum. $72.50 net. Postpaid, $13.00. Memories of James A. McNeill Whistler By Tuomas R. Way Of the many books on Whistler, issued since his death, few of them suggest the real charm of this craftsman, such as it was the privilege of the author to know him —the untiring student and worker, rather than the brilliant figure in society or keen fighter. With 48 illustrations, including an original lithograph sketch, seven lithographs in color and many in black and white. Cloth, $3.00 net. Postage, 15 cents. “A MAN IS KNOWN BY THE MAGAZINE HE SUBSCRIBES FOR” $5.00 a $5.00 a THE INTERNATIONAL STUDIO “By all odds the most beautiful magazine printed.” —N. Y. Tribune YEAR YEAR ie is the leading Art magazine published at any price. It deals with everything from painting and sculpture to house decoration, architecture and landscape gardening, including the best work of craftsmen, pictorial photographers and art workers in every field. Every issue contains one to two hundred illustrations, numerous plates in full color, covering the art work of the world at large. Send five dollars now, for your subscription, before you forget. (Es URANUS a a ea JOHN LANE COMPANY, NEW YORME PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATIONS By MARTIN L. DRURY HE inauguration of a President is, of course, the equivalent of the coronation pageant of an European monarch. It is the day upon which the glory of the re- public is exemplified in special and par- ticular form and, it may be added, it is one of the rare occasions upon which the American people become hysterical. On March 4th, 1913, the 53rd President of the United States will be induced into office. Raised by the vote of his fellow citizens to the highest office within their gift he expresses in person the visible authority of law and the sanction of goy- ernment. Invested with a power greater than that of many sovereigns he has been raised from simple citizenship and when his time of office has ended he will return to the same citizenship from which he was exalted. The ceremonies of inauguration are ex- ceedingly simple and, as they exist today, are substantially the same as when the Father of his Country first assumed office more than one hundred years ago. Of course in minor respects certain differences have occurred for no two inaugurations have been precisely alike and in general terms it may be said that the aspect of an inauguration has been an index to the character of the administration of which it was the official beginning. The first President was inaugurated April 30th, 1789, in New York before the portico of what is now the Sub-Treasury, the low and impressive building with the heavy Doric pillared front which faces Broad Street at the corner of Wall. Wash- ington’s wish had been for the simplest of inaugurals but the affection and devotion of the people could not be repulsed and his journey from Mt. Vernon had been one long continued ovation as, with his escort, he passed through the historic towns and villages upon his way to New York. His arrival was the culmination welcome of all and far out upon the highways of New Jer- sey he was met and greeted by the deputa- tion of citizens sent to welcome him. His crossing the Hudson was performed in what has been described as a barge of state draped with silks of the national colors and festooned with garlands of evergreen and roses. This barge was accompanied by a flotilla of vessels similar in type and adorned in much the same manner and the landing at the Battery was signalized by the firing of cannons while the bells of New York and Brooklyn pealed a glad acclaim. Washington had modestly desired that the oath of office be taken very quietly and be- fore only the officials necessary to its due and proper administration but the popular demand was for a public inaugural and the wishes of the people could not be disre- garded. A function out of doors was the result. The oath was taken upon the open Bible and was administered by Chancellor Liv- ingston. Washington was arrayed in a very simple suit of brown broadcloth. He wore silk stockings, silver buckles were upon his shoes.and his powdered hair was gathered into -hag His raiment is said to have beg ‘y of home manufacture and to Have ‘repared upon the Mt. Vernon g ider the watchful eye of Shington and her faithful re- . The statue which marks the ex- _ spot where the first of our American presidents assumed office shows him as dressed in the manner which tradition has recorded.- Washington’s assent to the oath was given in a low and subdued voice and March, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Chancellor Livingston immediately turned toward the assembled throng and shouted “Long live George W ashingion, President of the United States. * This acclamation was regarded as savoring strongly of the ceremonies of membership and as unsuited to the simplicity of the inauguration of an American president and although cheering of course plays an important part in every inaugural it has never been repeated in just this form. The ceremonies of this inaugura- tion ended with the inaugural ball, w vhich is described in the journals of the day as a truly brilliant event and attended by the social elect of New York and the neighbor- ing cities. Washington danced a minuet with Miss Van Zandt and the cotillion with Mrs. James Van Brugh Livingston. The ball-room was of course lighted by wax in tapers and very beautiful must have been the scene when their light shone upon the silks and satins, the lace and powdered hair of that picturesque age. The first inauguration of Washington was the only function of this nature which New York has ever witnessed, for before his second inauguration the seat of the Federal government had been removed to Philadelphia, and the taking of the oath of office occurred in Independence Hall. The date as well as the place had been changed and March 4th was the time, and this day has been the time of all later inaugurations excepting upon the three occasions when the 4th of March has fallen upon Sunday. Upon two of these occasions James Monroe and Zachary Taylor were inaugurated upon March 5th, and in 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes assumed office upon March 3d. John Adams describes his own inaugura- tion as the second president as a most lugubrious function and it must have been depressing to the president-elect instead of being a joyous occasion, the supreme mo- ment of his life. The idol of the country was about to retire from public life to find upon the broad acres of his plantation home the peace and tranquility he had so well earned, and the formal turning over of the presidency to another marked the beginning of his farewell to the people and was affect- ing indeed, In 1964 Thomas Jefferson assumed office with the simplicity which is associated with his name. He rode upon horseback up Pennsylvania Avenue and tied his horse outside the Capitol while he entered the senate chamber to assume the burden of the chief magistracy. Madison, when he reached the capitol for his inaugural, was clad wholly in homespun and his appearance as he entered the senate chamber was. de- scribed by a wit of the day as being a “walking argument in favor of native wool.” With his inauguration came the re- vival of the inaugural ball which had not been held since Washington’s first admin- istration, and this ball ushered in the brilliant social rule of Dolly Madison which lives in history as a reign of glory at the White House. Monroe was the first of the presidents to take the oath out of doors since Wash- ington’s inaugural upon the portico of Federal Hall in New York. Its being out of doors was the result of a d’sagreement between the Senate and the House of Rep- resentatives as to the distribution of tickets and ended by someone’s suggesting that the difficulty be solved by holding the inaugural where there was room to accommodate everybody. When the administration of John Quincy Adams was followed by that of Andrew Jackson, the country had entered upon a new era. The days of old-fashioned colonial stateliness had departed—the coun- try had expanded and Jackson himself came POMPEIIAN BRONZE SCREEN CLOTH LASTS AS LONG AS YOUR HOUSE The seasons of a lifetime may come and go, but the Pompeiian Bronze Screen Cloth with which your window and door screens are filled will show no deterioration. Barring fire or accident, screens filled with this everlasting material are completely sin efficient forever. Seer ye aucels NM Ie ies No painting ever necessary. For palace sceccausserasseccseaue fhe or cottage it is best and most economical. H@eespei Aes Pompeiian Bronze Screen Cloth easily se aesbace araksna identified by removable red string in selvage. spl zezeeeees If your dealer won't supply you we will promptly. Send for our book 4h 5 Zee Bb ea ee CLINTON WIRE CLOTH COMPANY Sica suetrenieqiearee First Power Loom Weavers in the World . } 69 STERLING ST. - CLINTON, MASS. Acist Makers of Clinton Wire Lathing and Clinton Electri- (4 ntvan cally Welded Fabric for Reinforcing Concrete. Both recognized as standard by architects and enginee:s es Se ee ee ee oe ee ee ia Mie iui arta aaa arbiter At a Send Today $1.00 Portfolio of Wood Panels and Book FREE Coupon Puls elie will be found instructive and SF most valuable to home builders. It shows the artistic effects that may be obtained with Johnson’s Wood Dye and Prepared Wax on Oak, Pine, Birch, Maple, Cypress, Gum, etc. With the book any good painter Cam, Secure pertect results on. floors, woodwork and furniture. Johnson’s Wood Dye is a dye nota stain; : il TONNUET LADGIUNOUUOUUNOUNOQUNOUYGUNOGUEAUEOGEROUEGOEGOUOQENUAGOUUOUNODOO0U0000000N040000000N00000U00U000NNENNUNHHIHNUTNITE it sinks deep down, bringing out the natural beauty of the grain. In ee half an hour it will ’be perfectly dry. No dust sticks, no streaks show. It is not only a beautiful but lasting and easy to use. It may be applied over old, worn varnish or s shellac. Made in 17 popular shades such as Mission Oak, Early English, Mahogany, : Fumed Oak, etc. - Value If Yo Ui Are B uildi =: $1.25--Free ng ra S. C. Johnson a new home, or repairing or remodeling an oldone, you need our 25c. Book. ra & Son Get the dollar portfolio and book now—to insure the right, artistic wood a Racine, Wis. effects with least expense and trouble. Send coupon today. Our goods Theminterectcduaibuildine: are for sale by leading paint and hardware dealers. s please send me free your s $1.00 portfolio of wood panels; S C J h “e Aire 2508 ae both free. ee . C. Johnson & Son oe ah s Na mG aioe cleteintcicis'ciciatnie'e/eleie aleve alata Racine, Wisconsin Pd od DN Sodocuonaddoabdudedere sSoseeses ‘* The Wood Finishing Authorities ’’ cy . z Gityaerectteenveracatseieteie Stateneaweree esos 2 ss TEV EEVOSCN TSE PTE GODT T ET EO TERETE TUTTE ADE ESTEE OT : A. H. 3 Xxvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1913 from Tennessee, then regarded as the fron- tier, and when Jackson presented himself for inauguration he was accompanied by crowds of his constituents whose wild be- havior at the White House was wholly dif- ferent from that of the stately cavaliers who througed the beautiful rooms during the days of Madison and Jefferson. Andrew Jackson drove behind his famous grays to the capitol with Martin Van Buren when he in turn made way for his successor. His long gray hair was blown about by the March wind and he bowed to the crowd raising his hat upon which he still wore a band of mourning for Mrs. Jackson, who had died just before his inaugural as presi- dent. Jackson, like Washington, was a popular idol and his departure from public life excited the same sincere and widespread regret. Van Buren was so impressed with this feeling of sadness that he lost his presence of mind and addressed the diplo- matic corps as “Gentlemen of the Demo- cratic corps.” Lincoln’s inaugural was effected amid a feeling of general apprehension for the dark clouds of civil warfare were about to break. Several states had already left the Union and it was believed that upon inauguration day the Southern sympathizers would seize the capitol, and in the plain and heroic man from the raw, crude west was embodied all 12 Bungalow Plans oa ; : the fear and foreboding of the day. His aae VNC second inaugural was made notable by what FR E E MAGAZI was perhaps the most varied parade which : * ante fh. f : “,; has ever escorted any president. The hre With One Year's Subscription to ea | departments of Philadelphia and Washing- B W SS L408 Sap ees: SMe | ton participated as well as the colored Odd UN A E ‘ Pee Anne | | || Fellows and a society of colored topo- graphers had mounted their presses upon MAGA Zz sf N E; \\\ I} | ! floats from which they distributed the official programme as rapidly as it was The Original Vacuum Carpet Sweeper There is only One Genuine Sweeper-V ac, and the Reason that there are more than 150,000 pleased users of the Sweeper-Vac is, because the Sweeper- Vac does remove from a cupful to a quart of solid dirt from a rug after it has been beaten or other- wise cleaned, and without doing injury to the rug. A Free Trial proves these statements or you may return machine at our expense. The Sweeper-Vac is especially for the modern home, because it runs like a carpet sweeper but cleans by the refreshing air process, raising no dust. The Sweeper-Vac has no motor, requires no electricity. Avoid Imitations :—If it is not manufactured by the Pneuvac Company it is not a Sweeper-Vac, nor is it protected by United States patent No. 996,810. Costs less than 12 and will outlast one hundred good brooms. Write for our Free Trial Offer, and simply say, “I want to see the Sweeper-Vac.’” We will do the rest. Reliable Agents wanted. PNEUVAC COMPANY 412 Blake Building Boston, Mass. 4 An indispensable guide Be Tee ee spas solved all the preblews oe oS 2 | printed. Garfield’s inauguration will ever a k just what you want. It takes up in detail the construction, decoration 3 r j « < ° aa ale of. real Bungalow Homes. Profusely illustrated with splendid : eles oa live m history, for no sooner had he been photographs of the newest ideas in bungalow construction including exteriors, inaugurated as president than he turned to interiors, plans and diagrams handsomely printed on tinted paper. Comes to the ame is i Al h reader each month vee percelh of anfonnstien ang pel etulnees: It wall save yeu 1 bill of Ve 1SS 1s age mother, whose eyes were t t tions and complete bill of material for one 5 s a D Eaalow este Peon wit plenty of photosrapketet same and a dependable coumate of its Coste asfanrinvalusle glistening with tears of pride. feature, unique in the publishing field. It is pleasing and helping thousands of others now engaged in the fruition of a O life's work—the basins of a real home. IT WILL PLEASE YOU, The recent inaugurals have been so Twelve Magazines, Twelve Working Drawings, Twelve $2 00 similar that there are few respects wherein Specifications, and Twelve Bills of Material for one differs from another, and the etiquette Send Coupon Now--- TODAY of the occasion is now thoroughly estab- Wy 5; lished. A few days before March 4th the BUNGALOW PUBLISHING CO., Inc. Seattle, Washington _ | | president-elect arrives in Washington and For the enclosed $2.00 send me Bungalow Magazine for one year beginning with the.___....issue. It is understood that_I shall receive establishes his headquarters, generally ata each month a complete working plan for one Bungalow, including specifications and bill of material. ($2.50 in Canada, Foreign $3.00) Hl hotel, where he is immediately called upon Secc by the president whom he is shortly to suc- ceed. Social affairs of an informal nature may take up the time until the morning of inauguration day, when the president with the president-elect upon his right drives to the capitol, where the oath of office is ad- Our Pergola Al- ministered by the Chief Justice of the “A properly de- : i bum A 28, just is- United States. This ceremony generally signed and well > noe ae ae gi sued, contains 48 occurs upon a temporary platform or stand planned Pergola is bk : i) | large pages devoted built before the eastern portico of the the finishing touch a to the illustration capitol and suitably adorned with the na- to the architectural L | and description of tional colors. Should the weather be un- and landscape per- RES = ee _.# ‘Pergolas, Sunrooms propitious, as when Mr. Taft assumed office, fection of elaborate a and other garden the ceremony is necessarily conducted with- grounds—it is the : accessories in their in doors. The inaugural address is a very one thing needfulto ~ adaptations toevery [| | important, although wholly unofficial, part confirm the artistic seas requirement of land- of the precedure and as a rule indicates character of amod- J GEIL § 982 scape work. Same the policy which the new president and his est home.” fae : bee ~—sCill be sent on advisers have decided upon. While these y pe request. formal functions are in progress at the capitol the While House is being prepared for the incoming régime unless indeed it has been vacated some days before, and the new , ident being duly inducted into offi HARTMANN-SANDERS COMPANY enters with his family into tie ool Meee eneice Sunabletor the old mansion which has sheltered every KOLL’S PATENT PERGOLAS, PORCHES AND president excepting Washington. LOCK JOINT COLUMNS INTERIOR WORK i} The White House and the social life of which it is the center deserve a chapter all their own. While it has been much altered Chicago, Illinois 1123 Broadway New York City at different times and wholly rebuilt during the Roosevelt administration it presents Elston and Webster Avenues Eastern Office March, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS much the same appearance both without and within as the old home which was burned by the British and in whose famous East Room Mrs. Dolly Madison was accustomed to dry the linen of the presidential house- hold. The alterations made to the White House some years ago were really in the nature of restorations or, it might be said, of “amplifications” and were planned with such faultless taste that the White House as it now appears is a stately old Georgian mansion in a pleasant part and quite suit- able for the official residence of the Ameri- can president. With each recurring inaugural the ques- tion of changing the date of the inaugura- tion comes to the front. The reason for the projected change of course has largely to do with the weather, for early March in Washington is bleak and wintry and extends but a chilly welcome to the half-million of people who gather to witness the inaugural functions. Six weeks later the spring would be far advanced and Dame Nature might reasonably be expected to smile auspiciously upon the beginning of the new administra- tion. The conducting of the inaugural early in March has been the cause of un- told suffering and the numbers of deaths which have resulted will never be known. At the inaugural of General Grant many of the West Point cadets who marched in the parade returned with frozen limbs and great must have been the sufferings of the veterans who faced the chilly blasts of icy wind at the inaugural of the same com- mander at whose command they had so often faced the enemy upon southern battle- fields. Mr. Taft was inaugurated during a blizzard and the hundreds of thousands who stood that day in the slush which covered the streets of Washington must have earn- estly hoped that some day a wise and paternal government will appoint a later SN SS I ps Stam SN i UARANTEED PLUMBING FIXTURES cant” ATE | i . ce WE ‘ ae ES Sid LEER Dd Na GUT HE home builder knows that when “Standard” Plumbing fixtures are installed in his bathroom, they represent the highest sanitary experience and skill—that better equipment could not be bought. ‘They make the bathroom modern and beautiful and assure a healthful home. ‘Standard’ fixtures should be specified always in preference to all others because of their unquestioned superiority. Genuine “Standard” fixtures for the Home and for Schools, Office Buildings, Public Institutions, etc., are identified by the TMNT ee quirements of those who demand ‘Standard’ quality at less expense. All “Standard” fix- tures, with care, will last a lifetime. And day for this function. FALSE COLORS HE opal, says a writer in Harper's Weekly, has no color in the sense of pigmentation. To break open an opal in order to observe its hues would be the equivalent to killing the goose that laid the golden eggs. Neither golden eggs nor rainbow hues would be found. Opal consists of hydrated silica. It is not uni- form in texture. If the word surface may be used for interior conditions, it might be said that the opaline silica is in the form of surfaces and layers that lie com- pactly against one another. These layers refract the light at various angles, giving forth the colored flashes in the same way that a pure crystal prism refracts the colors of the spectrum. Technically speaking, these layers of silica are said to possess a different index of refraction from that of the matrix. As the opal is moved the various layers break the light into colors, which change, of course, ac- cording to the position of the stone. The iridescence of nacre, or mother-of-pearl, is also a matter of form and not actual color. In fact, all “changeable” colors are more or less the result of form even where there is pigmentation beneath, such as in certain ribbed silks. When sunlight bears directly upon finely ribbed metal, as a file, there is the same play of colors. In the case of mother-of-pearl an interest- ing experiment has been made. An im- pression of the pearl was taken upon pure white wax. It was then found that the apparently smooth surface of the pearl had still sufficient irregularities to im- press upon the wax a surface that re- sulted in similar color manifestations. Green and Gold Label, with the exception of one brand of baths bearing the Red and Black Label, which, while of the first quality of manufacture, have a_ slightly thinner enameling, and thus meet the re- no fixture is genuine unless it bears the guarantee label. In order to avoid sub- stitution of inferior fixtures, specify “Standard” goods in writing (not verbally) and make sure that you get them. Standard Sanitary ‘Mfg. Co. Dept. 23 PITTSBURGH, PA. New York 35 West 31st Street Cincinnati . 633 Walnut Street Hamilton, Can., 20-28 Jackson St. W. Chicago 900 S. Michigan Ave. Nashville 315 Tenth Avenue, So. London 57-60 Holborn Viaduct, E.C. Philadelphia . 1215 WalnutStreet NewOrleans, Baronne&St.JosephSts. Houston,Tex. . Preston and Smith Sts. Toronto, Can. 59RichmondSt.E. Montreal,Can. . 215 Coristine Bldg. Washington,D.C. . . Pittsburgh 106 Federal Street Boston 311-321 Erie Street St. Louis 100 N. Fourth Street Louisville Front and Jones Sis. Cleveland Southern Bldg. John Hancock Bldg. Toledo, Ohio 319-23 W. MainStreet Fort Worth, Tex. . 648 Huron Road, S.E, Trade Marks a Cc Trade Names Do you use a Trade Mark ? Do you own the Trade Marks you use? You should read this booklet to obtain a definite and clear conception of Trade Mark rights TRADE MARK is a most valuable business asset. It will pay you to know how such marks are made valuable, and why and how they are protected. ‘The registration of trade marks is explained in this booklet, which gives a thoroughly comprehensive idea of the requirements for registration. The elements of a good trade mark are fully discussed, and many tests to determine the requisites of a desirable trade mark are given. The booklet is printed in two colors and is illustrated by fifty engravings Send twenty-five cents today for a copy MUNN & COMPANY, :: Solicitors of Patents Branch Office, Washington, D. C. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK XXVIII AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1913 pM See aE, ee ee WOLFE PA pee QUALITY PLUMBING GOODS F eA eels f'} Ht he bu im, Enameled Iron Bath is a marvel of beauty and cleanliness and _ together with the overhead shower and shampoo attachment make it an ideal bath. Goods _ bearing “Wolff” guarantee label and “Wolff” trade mark are a positive assurance against disapointment, dissatisfaction and loss. Established 1855 L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING CO. MANUFACTURERS OF PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY The only complete line made by any one firm GENERAL OFFICES AND WORKS ; 601-627 W LAKE ST. ; SHOWROOMS, 111N, DEARBORN ST CHICAGO BRANCHES How Will The Beams Be Held Where They Abut Their Supports? Will they be cut away by =— \ Framing? Will you depend merely on Spiking > Have your architect specify Lane’s Steel Joist Hangers in your house and the walls will never settle. Lane Double Hangers Lane’s Joist Hangers are everlasting. LANE BROTHERS COMPANY Poughkeepsie. N. Y, Wilson Avenue CURRANTS IN THE HOME GARDEN URRANTS are very easy to grow and G: if given even a little care will produce abundantly. Twelve bushes should be enough to give a family of ordinary size all the fruit desired. Currants require different treatment from raspberries and blackberries, because they bear on wood which is two years old or older. As the bushes develop, two or three new shoots should be kept growing from the roots, some of the oldest wood being cut out every year. \n this way the plants will be constantly renewed and will be good for twenty years. It is best to plant currant bushes about three feet apart and they must have plenty of air if they are to do well. Planting them along a fence or building is not wise, unless they stand at least six feet away. A partially shaded location will not be unwelcome, though, so that they may be placed in an orchard if deemed desirable. It is important to keep the plants cultivated and free from weeds. Currants bear surprisingly well even when neglected, but do not produce the fine, hand- some fruit that results from good care. A rich and rather moist soil is preferred by the currant. It is well to throw a shovel- ful of manure around the base of each plant in the Fall, and if the season is dry, a mulch of old hay or straw may be placed around the bushes to keep the soil cool and moist, or buckwheat may be planted be- tween the rows after the fruit has been formed. Currant worms are almost certain to ap- pear early in the Spring, beginning their work near the bottom of the bushes, where they will remain unseen for some time unless watch for them is kept. They can quickly riddle the leaves and so must be promptly checked. Hellebore is the stand- ard poison and may be applied to the foliage dry or as a liquid. An easy plan is to mix a little flour with it and dust it on the leaves in the morning while they are wet with dew. A second application will be needed two weeks later. Cuttings are easily made, so that the amateur need buy only a few plants if he is willing to wait three years for a larger plantation. Half-ripened wood is cut into six-foot lengths and placed four inches deep in the ground. Roots will quickly form and in the Fall the plants thus made may be planted about twelve inches apart, in a fairly sheltered spot. The following Fall they will be large enough to set in the rows where they are to remain and the next year will bear a scattering crop. Wilder, White Grape and Cherry are good varieties, but Fay’s Prolific, an old- time favorite, is an excellent currant to choose if the soil is rather light. ~The currant is wonderfully hardy and needs no Winter protection. HOW THE WIND CARRIES PEB- BLES OF LARGE SIZE T has been proved that a wind having a | velocity of 23 meters per second is capa- ble of transporting through the air particles of sand only when they do not exceed 2 millimeters in diameter. Yet occasional “rains of stones’ of much larger size are observed. Thus there is a record of the fall of stones in the Canton de Vaud having diameters ranging as high as 1% centi- meters and of weights up. to 2.62 grammes. The nearest region whence they could have come was Maures and Esterel. The case is known also in Chateau Landon of small cal- careous stones of 3 centimeters diameter being carried 150 kilometers, Simmons Hose Reels keep your hose always in perfect condition. The spirel wind protects life of hose indefinitely. They are neat and compactand are indispensable to every country home. Price, each $4.00 net. Garden Hose that stands the test of time. Made of selected long staple fabric, and rubber tubing of over 40° fine Para rubber. Keep up the high standard of your gardens and grounds by having the best hose obtainable. Buy di- rect from the manufacturer and save money. Price, including nozzle and coup- TREE GUARDS aoe exposed bark of a tree invites the bite of every passing horse. For use in streets, parks and along private drives, nothing can equal the “Rust-Proof” Guards,— made like the Ex- celsior “Rust-Proof” Fence. While fully protecting the tree, these Guards do not de- dract from the beauty of the tree or its surroundings. The “Rust-Proof” feature does away with the necessity of painting, end insures their lasting as long as the tree needs protection. There are three styles from which to choose. lings, complete, 10 cents per foot net. The “Josico Jr.” Fire Extinguisher is particularly adapted for country and suburban homes. Its body consists of a heavy jacketed copper cylinder specially riveted with all parts carefully finished and tested. An ornament maintaining a dignity of its own in keeping with the general tone of the home. Simple to operate. Fights a fre quickly and effectively. No home is really safe without this protection. Made in 1% gallon sizes. Price each, $6.50 net. ALE See Hiedware Dealer t ordsh fi a, Write to the Factory for Catalog ““E,”” and sample of the ** Rust-Proof ”’ finish. WRIGHT WIRE COMPANY Worcester JOHN SIMMONS CO. 104-110 Centre Street NEW YORK CITY Massachusetts Special Offer—$13-°° Value for $7>° American Estates and Gardens ae FERREE Large Quarto, 11x13 Inches. 340 Pages. 275 Illustrations. Handsomely Bound. Gilt Top. Boxed. @ This is a sumptuously illustrated volume in which for the first time, the subject of the more notable, great estates, houses and gardens in America receive adequate treatment. Aneffort has been made to select as great a variety as possible of the styles of architecture which have been introduced into this country, as being specially adapted to the peculiar conditions of Ameri- can country life. q Although the exteriors of some of the houses shown may be familiar to a certain number of readers, few have had the privilege of a visit to their interiors, and for that reason special attention has been given to reproductions of many of the sumptuous halls and rooms of the people of wealth, and no better way can be obtained of learning how the favored few live. @ The building of the great homes of America has necessarily involved the development of their sur- Our Special Offer @ The price of this book is $10.00. We are offering a limited number of copies, together with one year’s sub- scription to American Homes and Gardens, the price of which is $3.00, a total value of $13.00, for $7.50 for the two, transportation charges prepaid. As we are offering only a limited number of copies on these liberal terms, we would advise that orders be sent at once, before the supply of the book is exhausted. rounding grounds and gardens; the work of the landscape gardener has rivaled, in its dignity and spacious beauty, that of the archi- tect. If but little is known of our great estates, still less is known of their gardens, of which, in spite of the comparatively short period that has been given for their growth, we have some very noble instances among us, which are illustrated and described in the present volume. @ This work is printed on heavy plate paper and contains 340 pages 1034x13% inches, enriched with 275 illustrations, of which eight are in duotone. It is handsomely bound in green cloth, and stamped in black and gold, and, in addition to being the standard work on notable houses and gardens in America, unquestionably forms a most attractive gift book. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers +: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK LOFT EEO OCTET ET you [ penne in, De "gy a t cs f, } \ i | ay SOC ROE LOLA TOD ROLE OLE MAIO EMO RT EMTS THORS OTERO EOE NCE books either overcrowded limited shelf space or empty shelves yawned and waited for books. When one bookcase overflowed, a new one was purchased, and its gaping shelves were gradually filled. That was before the Globe-Wernicke period in bookcases. Now, books and their shelves come together. The bookcase grows apace with the library. ‘This is the modern way of building a library. This is the Globe-Wernicke idea. ‘*Booklovers’ Shopping List’’—This little book lists the works of great au- thors and gives the prices of the same in sets. The list includes the low priced popular sets as well as the de luxe editions. Every book buyer should have a copy. Sent free with the Globe-Wernicke catalgg. Address Dept.A.H. FETT e e e e e The Globe“Wernicke Co., - - - Cincinnati, Ohio IBranche Stoves: New York 380-382 Broadway Chicago 231-235 So. Wabash Avenue Washington 1218-20 F Street, N. W.., ies. Philadelphia 1012-14 Chestnut Street Boston 91-93 Federal Street Cincinnati 128-134 Fourth Aveue, E. SEOUL EOE co Hu RAEE MAUS Bsa APRIL, 1913 MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers + Vol. X. No. 4 NEW YORK, N. Y. of MAK-GRO ODORLESS PLANT FOOD at §1.00 or with a 100-lb, bag of EARLY-CROP ODORLESS FER- TILIZER at $3,75, we will be glad to send you a copy of this unique and artistic Calendar. “8 The instructions here given, on this At this pmd the April date of our GARDEN AND Aree PLANTING CALENDAR, show how we aim to supply authoritative information (from the pen of Mr. George T. Powell), always on the right day, so that it will not be overlooked, and for 365 days of the .p year. THINK WHAT THIS MEANS TO YOU. With an order for a 5-lb. bag Saturate part of a clean Blotter with ink — Let it dry thoroughly—Pour water on it Notice how the dry ink re-dissolves and runs into the freshly moistened fibers of the still clean part of the blotter. This will suggest how, in like manner, the grains of our EARLY-CROP ODORLESS FERTILIZER (and of our MAK-GRO ODORLESS PLANT FOOD), when mixed with the soil, are acted upon by the rains and the soil-moisture, releasing from time to time, from the fibre base of the compound, a quantity of immed- iately available Nitrogen, Phosphoric A cid and Potash, so that plants are supplied uninterruptedly throughout the entire growing season, with the food required for their proper growth and good crop-development. We want to send you our Descriptive Booklet on the subject, so that, being convinced of the value of EARLY-CROP | °" product, you will be pre- ODORLESS pared totry itout in your Garden ER ZER and Planting Operations this year. FORALL GROWING THINGS. Among the dozen ormore Book- lets by Mr. George T. Powell on Gardening and kindred sub- FOR EXTENSIVE PLANTING | jects, which we have under wa SPECIALLY PREPARED FOR SICEEDENINGIORERATIONS _ t “d d f a ae di = ‘be. THE SMALLER OPERATIONS AND IN. TON AND CAR LOAD LOTS intende or extensive distribu- OF THE HOME AND GARDEN F,0.B. FACTORY, FARMINGDALE, N.J. ASK FOU PRICES- Stun Crops be Grows tion, may be several you might ] QXZPouND 20x, Postpaid 25 Cente want. SEND FOR THE LIST. CONSUMERS FERTILIZER COMPANY, kepegers,Bidg., Suite J “The Iris Catalog” Will Help You To Know the Finest of the Flowers This Biltmore Nursery book will make you acquainted with the new and glorious forms of the Iris. It will show-you how, by judicious choice of varieties, you may have magnificent flowers from the first breath of spring until summer’s arrival. To make clear to you exactly what the choicest kinds are, in both form and color, Biltmore Nursery has reproduced seven varieties of unrivaled beauty in all the colors of nature—the rich purple, golden yellow, lavender, white and other markings and shadings are pictured with wonderful fidelity. But the illustrations are not confined to beautiful individual flowers or clumps of them. Engravings of plantings, like the one shown above, are added to suggest landscape effects that you may duplicate at little cost. The most noteworthy varieties in every section are described in details making selection easy. To aid the amateur still further, an ‘‘ introductory colle _tion’’ is offered. This book will be sent gladly to any one who con- template planting Iris soon. The edition is limited, so early requests are desired. Other Books of Biltmore Nursery “Hardy Garden “Flowering Trees and “Biltmore Nursery Flowers” Shrubs” Catalog” The illustrations suggest Many of the best of the trees A guide to the cultivated many pleasing forms of hardy and shrubs producing showy blos- plants of North America, 196 perennial planting, from the soms are shown from photographs, large pages, fully illustrated. simple dooryard effect to the as grown in typical gardens, Cost $1 a copy to complete. eiaborate vista. The descrip- lawns and yards. The pictures Intended to help those who tions are full and complete, and text give useful ideas for have large estates and contem- yet free from technical terms. planting the home grounds. plate planting many varieties. Ask Us for the Book You Need BILTMORE NURSERY, Box 1544, Biltmore, N. C. Simmons Hose Reels keep your hose always in perfect condition. The spiral wind protects life of hose indefinitely. They are neat and compactand are indispensable to every country home. Price, each $4.00 net. Garden Hose that stands the test of time. Made of selected long staple fabric, and rubber tubing of over 40% fine Para rubber. Keep up the high standard of your gardens and grounds by having the best hose obtainable... Buy di- % rect from the manufacturer and save money. Price, including nozzle and coup- lings, complete, 10 cents per foot net. The “Josico Jr.” Fire Extinguisher is particularly adapted for country and suburban homes. Its body consists of a heavy jacketed copper cylinder specially riveted with all parts carefully finished and tested. An ornament maintaining a dignity of its own in keeping with the general tone of the home. Simple to operate. Fights a fire quickly and effectively. No home is really safe without this protection. Made in 1% gallon sizes. Price each, $6.50 net. JOHN SIMMONS CO. 104-110 Centre Street NEW YORK CITY Bobbink & Atkins WORLD’S CHOICEST NURSERY AND GREENHOUSE PRODUCTS Spring Plantin Te spirit of the times is to live in the country and to possess a comfortable home surrounded by beantiful grounds, profitable and attractive gardens. Our Landscape Department can create this, giving you an abundance of Fruit and Flower in a comparatively short time. Our Products are of a higher grade than ever this season, placing us in a better position to fill orders and complete plantings of any size with a class of material that will give satisfaction to all our patrons. Our Nursery consists of 300 acres of highly cultivated land and a large area covered with Greenhouses and Storehouses in which we are grow- ing Nursery and Greenhouse Products for every place and purpose. The following are among our Specialties: Roses . Hardy Old Fashioned Flowers Evergreens . Trees and Shrubs Rhododendrons . Boxwood, Bay Trees and Palms . Hardy Climbing Vines Bulbs and Roots . Plant Tubs, Window- Boxes and English Garden Furniture Our New Hybrid Giant-Flowering Marshmallow Our Illustrated General Catalogue No. 75 describes our products ; will be mailed upon request. The Proper Way to Buy is to see the material growing. We shall gladly give our time and attention to all intending purchasers visiting our Nursery and invite everybody interested in improving their grounds to visit us. Our Landscape Department Plan and Plant Grounds and Gardens Every= where with Our ‘‘World’s Choicest Nursery and Greenhouse Products.’’ Visitors take Erie Railroad to Carlton Hill, second stop on main line; 3 minutes walk to nursery. LANDSCAPE GARDENERS Nurserymen and Florists RUTHERFORD, N. J. April, 1913 Pr & POULTRY RAISING BANTAMS By E. I. FARRINGTON = ape are the best of poultry pets. Gentle, tame and companionable, they may be handled freely and will run to meet their young owner at the sound of his voice. They will thrive in very limited quarters, require only a dry goods box for a home and may be fed largely on the scraps from the family table. More- over, they will pay their way by the eggs they lay, and if good stock is kept, it is quite possible for the youthful bantam raiser to make a considerable sum of money each season by selling eggs for hatching purposes or by selling chickens and mature birds to other fanciers. In- deed, there is no reason why entries should not be made at the local poultry show, with a possibility of winning prizes, which always creates a demand for one’s stock. Many bantams are really pocket editions of the larger breeds and weigh just about one fifth as much, so that the weight of some kinds is reckoned by ounces rather than by pounds. The Cochins, Brahmas and Plymouth Rocks, for example, are perfect miniatures of the breeds which bear these names. There are other varieties, however, which have a place only in the bantam category. Fanciers in China and Japan have been breeding bantams for many - centuries and some of the best known sorts have come from these far off countries, but newer varieties have been created in this country and in England, where bantams are highly popular. Most popular of all bantams in America and the best for the boy to start with are the Cochins, sometimes called Pekins, the latter name suggesting their origin. There are four varieties commonly bred—White, Black, Buff, and Partridge Cochin bantams, all four handsome, stylish and aristocratic in appearance. Their legs are heavily feathered and so short that the birds hardly seem to have any legs at all. The hens are good layers and the eggs are larger than might be ex- pected quite large enough, indeed, to be used in the kitchen or on the table. These eggs are unusually rich, too, and highly Sample and Circular AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Sa Ca cae SE of Cement about a Suburban Home will do more than any other one thing to make the place beautiful. Concrete structures look clean, their colors and lines blend effectively with the landscape; and they improve with exposure. Unless a great deal of money is spent upon wood, it deteriorates and looks shabby. Concrete costs nothing for repairs— is fireproof, vermin proof, sanitary. IF you have stables, garages, porches, side- walks, gateways, fence posts, etc., to build or rebuild on your place, write us for full information about the use of concrete, its cost and desirability. You will be pleased at the results obtained by the use of UNIVERSAL cement It is always reliable. We invite inquiries on any subject relating to the use of cement. The follow- ing free booklets are full of interest and information: Concrete Silos Concrete Sidewalks Concrete Surfaces Concrete in the Country Small Farm Buildings of Concrete Universal Portland Cement Co. CHICAGO - 72 W. Adams Street PITTSBURGH - - Frick Building MINNEAPOLIS Security Bank Building PLANTS AT CHICAGO AND PITTSBURGH 2 ANNUAL OUTPUT 12,000,000 BARRELS me A House Lined with Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live init. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. flavored. Which variety to select depends upon personal preference as to color. Prob- ably more Buffs are raised than any other kind, for the rich, heavy and glossy plum- age is most attractive. The White Cochins make a fine appearance on the lawn, but the feathers of the Blacks do not show stains as plainly as those of the lighter varieties. A Cochin bantam rooster is always a delight, so alert, proud and saucy is he, strutting about in the most comical man- ner when there are visitors and always teady to defend his honor or his mates, even to the point of doing battle with a cock bird five or six times his size. It would be difficult to find a more friendly CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY ° VERTICAL SECTION, ate OBOSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR. ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1913 Che Real Estate Mart Do You Want to Purchase A Home? If among our Real Estate Advertisements you do not find just what you want—Address THE REAL ESTATE MART, Care of American Homes and Gardens 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY. Mid The Berkshires. A BARGAIN—House; barn} hen house; office; all newly painted. 19 fruit trees. Well and cistern. 3 beautiful acres. Grand view. One-half mile trolley. Near two famous schools. Price $1900; will be sold for $1250} $500 down, balance to suit. D. B. Cornell Company, Great Barrington, Mass. Houliry, Pet and Live Stork Dirertory Pheasants and Wild Waterflow L tax 2.w bootine orders for eggs of a great variety of pheasants and wild ducks for Spring and early Summer delivery, including eggs of the Genuine English Gray Call Ducks. @ I also manufacture a full line of foods for the successful raising of young pheasants and wild ducks and for feeding the old birds in the pens all the year round. You really cannot afford to pass through another breeding season without these foods. Nearly Every Failure With These Birds norennee. Can Be Traced To Mis-Feeding. Hee an Penis every year than all of the breeders in the United States put together. There must be a reason why | am able to do this. Write for price-lists, information, etc. Address Dept. A. WALLACE EVANS OAK PARK, ILL. I raise more pheas- Game Propagating Farm, high class hunting, sporting, watch and set dogs; puppies of all varieties sstecaly: On receipt of 10 cents we mail highly descriptiveillustrated catalogue, which gives full information of 42 reed of dogs, several breeds of cattle. sheep. swine, birds, rabbits, ferrets; price list of poultry andspigeons. CHAS. L. B. LANDIS For Sale Dept. 171 Reading, Pa. Blue Ribbon Strain White Wyandotte Hatching Eggs $1.00 per Dozen by Mail. Send Check, Money or Money Order. Hessian Hill Farm Croton-on-Hudson, N. Y. s Fine specimens WITCH HAZEL Send for Catalog. The Elm City Nursery Co. New Haven, Dept. M., Conn. FOR SALE Lake George, New York Country home on west shore of Lake George, fully furnished, about 58 acres of land including farm. Large stucco mansion, tiled roof and veranda, 8 master bedrooms, 5 bath rooms, beautiful gardens, excellent furnishings. Gardener's cottage, barns, steam yacht, electric launch, boat houses, farm im- plements, etc. Everything in Al condition, house rebuilt 1910, Property has large bay, and a point of land commanding excellent view of the Lake. For particulars address ESTATE OF WILLIAM DEMUTH 507 Broadway New York City | Summit, New Jersey — ee tg he FOR SALE at extremely reasonable price and on most 9 liberal terms to immediate purchaser. House is uniquely situated in center of five acre court approached through a driveway of beautiful olc shade trees. ne mile from station. Colonial house, practically new, three baths. Fruit trees, garden, regulation tennis court. Modern stable and other outbuildings. ithin reasonable distance of Baltusrol and Canoe Brook Clubs. _ Owner's business compels immediate change of residence. Ready for occupancy after April 10th. R.C. WILSON, (Owner), Summit, N. J ae s= Bob White Quail ~ Partridges and Pheasants, Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl, Swans, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes, Squirrels, Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of birds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist Dept. C YARDLEY. PA. G. D. TILLEY Naturalist Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Ducks and Geese, Flamingoes, Game and Cage Birds. “‘Everything in the bird line froma anary to an Ostrich’’ I am the oldest established and largest exclusive dealer in land and water birds in America and have on hand the most extensive Stock in the United States. G. D. TILLEY Box A, Darien, Conn. pet, however, or one more ready to re- spond to his owner’s advances, follow- ing him all around the yard, only stop- ping at intervals to lift his voice in true chanticler fashion, Japanese bantams, Light and Dark Brahma bantams and Sebright bantams may be taken up after a while, if the boy has a fancy for these breeds, which are raised in large numbers and are splendid pets. The Brahmas are counterparts in miniature of the large breed bearing that name, but the Japs are odd little birds which illustrate the patience of the peo- ple in the little island kingdom, for years of careful breeding must have been nec- essary for the development of these quaint and tiny fowls. The short legs barely keep the wings off the ground and there is a large, flowing tail which almost touches the head. There are solid whites and solid blacks, and a white variety with a black tail, something found in no other breed of poultry, large or small. These Japanese bantams are a source of much pleasure to anyone raising them, but the young chickens are delicate and much more difficult to raise than the Cochins or Brahmas. Sebrights are exceedingly diminutive, weighing as little as twenty or twenty- four ounces when mature, but they are among the best varieties to keep as pets and may be given the run of the grounds with perfect freedom. They may be kept to better advantage where close confinement is not necessary, for they love their liberty. When allowed to roam, they will pick up nearly all their living in Summer, and they are good layers. Assuming that the boy who decides to keep bantams as pets chooses one of the Cochin varieties, he will need a small house for them to roost in with a little yard attached. A rooster and four or five hens will be enough to begin with, at least. A trio—that is, a rooster and two hens—is often purchased and the price need not be over five dollars. It may be possible, indeed, to secure the birds for one dollar apiece. or even less, but it is well to start with fairly good stock, as then there is almost sure to be an op- portunity to sell hatching eggs or breed- ing stock, so that the boy will be able to get his money back and make a profit, in addition. Most boys can make a house for a few bantams. A dry goods box, with a sloping roof added and roof and sides covered with roofing paper, will answer the purpose admirably. There should be a window in front, with a space above as wide as the window and a foot high covered with burlap, so that air will be admitted freely, even in Winter. Cochin bantams can stand much cold but require fresh air in abundance. They must be protected from drafts, however, and it is most important to keep the house dry. If there is any danger from rats, it is well to cover the under part of the floor with closely-woven chicken wire. In warm weather, the window may be removed and the opening covered with the same kind of wire. If the house gets very warm, an opening in the back near the top with an adjustable shutter, will provide cross ventilation and make it cooler. Ifa glass window for the house cannot be secured, a frame covered with muslin brushed over with linseed oil will serve asa substitute and costs but a few cents. If the house is to be placed in a conspicuous spot, it is well to make it a little more highly finished, so that it will not be an eye-sore. A few dollars will April, 1913 A ROOM PURE WALLS eeore Walls should be beautiful and sani- tary, and enough material to com- pl.tely decorate "whe walls and ceiling of a 12x14 room can be had for only $1.10. Hygienic Kalsomine goes fur- thest and painters canshow a 20 per cent time saving in its successful ap= plication. It is within the reach of all. HYGIENIC KALSOMINE meee OAGTHD DOORS £9 Se | Home Decorator Free. Get a copy. It is full of helps, and | shows rich, artistic, restful shades in combinations for ceilings, sidewalls and borders, im colors. Popular everywhere. Ask your dealer or write us. DEPARTMENT H ADAMS & ELTING CO. 718-TO-726 WASHINGTON BLVO-CHICAGO-USA. esitssee 6 Ba oe ge .9G— 6 SNF °S eS 1) S & & © a. £ = Scizie, Said nN ,~258o0s SSE mara Salter SN auss SpE HY @ & ij az0e 88 gts BAG 2 oF £82 G . Tow g - 5 o.68 a -ec= Leen 3 | =f, 2 O-m ‘> c= 2 o ey Py =D Ses bi Site pat =| o zea tk 526 , 2n&s s2F720 =a lead in style and appointment. They havea longer POLS wheel base,—a larger body with more spacious fureniors and luxurious upholstering. Dropped frame. Enclosed Fenders—Auxiliary Rain Vision rele or Motz Tires, — special pneumatic. ion. On exhibition in all principal cities. The Rauch & Lang Carriage Ce., 2180 W. D5th St Cleveland: Ohio s L Ss imens V V hite-Fl. "Send for Catalog A = | i b Dogwood qos Haven Mets Crake He COOK THE COOK “ECONOMY” GAS For Cooking, Water Heating and Laundry Werk also for Lighting “It makes the house a home’’ Send stamp today for “Economy Way” Economy Gas MachineCo. ROCHESTER, N. Y. “ Economy ” Gas Is aunmatic, Sanitary and Not-Polsonous rand pr ont Manur Dried and Pulverized f 5 Dacauiied for lawn, garden and field Ae, Write for interesting booklet and prices. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO., 21 Union Stock Yards, Chicago Heavy pct grown Send for Catalog. The Elm City Nursery Co. New Haven, Dept, Rare Climbing Hydrangea pay for a well-made house nicely painted. Within the house there must needs be a roosting perch and a nest or two and they should be so arranged that they may be removed easily for cleaning. An orange or egg crate will make fwo or three nests if division boards are placed in it. The crate should rest on its side and a strip of light board two or three inches high should be nailed across the front at the bottom, so that the eggs will not roll out. A little soft hay or dried grass or even straw may be used to line the nests. There should always be a litter of straw, hay or leaves on the floor, into which the grain is thrown, so that the birds will be ‘obliged to scratch busily for their rations. This is one of the most important points to be remembered. The litter should be cleaned out two or three times a month and a new lot substituted. It is a simple matter to gather enough leaves in the Fall to give a_ sufficient supply to last all Winter. Lawn clippings or grass cut with a scythe may be dried in the sun in the course of the Summer and make a good litter. Much of the lawn hay will be eaten if well made, which means if allowed to dry until it crackles when handled. Clover is espe- cially good and a little clover seed may be scattered on the lawn in the Fall of the year. It is an advantage to have a run large enough so that grass can be kept growing in it, but this is not necessary, for green food in the shape of lawn clippings, lettuce and yegetables from the garden may be given when the birds are confined to a dirt run. When grass is not grown, the run ought to be spaded occasionally so that it will be kept clean. Bantams are dainty little creatures and demand sanitary quarters. In Winter a box filled with fine earth or sand should be placed in the house for the birds to dust in. It is well to fill a barrel for this purpose in the Fall before the ground freezes. Where there are ample grounds, there is no good reason why a little flock of bantams need be confined at all, for the , amount of damage which they are likely to do in the garden is very small indeed. They are not as destructive as hens of ordinary size or as persistent in scratch- ing. If allowed to run on the lawn, they will be highly ornamental and attract no little attention from people who pass. Boys who keep bantams sometimes make a mistake in trying to hatch the chickens early. The first of May is early enough, and there is no reason why they should not be hatched as late as Septem- ber, if they can be kept in warm and dry quarters until fairly well matured. Light hens of the larger breeds or bantam hens may be given the task of hatching the eggs, and the chicks should have about the same care as that given ordinary chicks, except that they require finely cracked grain until they are well grown. Common oat meal fed dry is an excellent ration for the first week, but may be varied with bread crumbs, hard- boiled eggs and rolled oats. Later, cracked wheat and corn should be fed. It is a good plan to buy a small coffee mill and grind up several kinds of grain. A bit of lettuce or other green food will always be relished and scraps from the table may be run through a meat grinder, making excellent chicken feed. Chick grit and water are needed, of course. A flower pot saucer with half a brick in the middle to prevent the chickens wading in the water makes a good drinking dish for the first few weeks, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iil RERRY OTHERS’ VARNISHES If You Care For Appearance OU should be partic- , ular to see that your floors and woodwork are finished with Berry Brothers’ Varnishes. Then you’ll have a finish upon which Time and the children will make little impression—a finish that will not: scratch, mar or turn white. 55 years of leadership in the industry guarantee this. Write for our free book- let on home varnishing. It will tell you some things about varnishes and varnish results you'll be glad to know. Good dealers every- where recommend Berry Brothers—some of them recommended our goods to your grandparents. BERRY BROTHERS Established 1858 Factories: Detroit, Mich., and Walkerville, Ont Branches: New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Chicago, Cincinnati, St. Louis, San Francisco, London, England. W. W. Denslow, the famous artist of the “Wizard of Oz”? has illustrated in color a beauti- ful children’s booklet, ‘‘Around the World in a Berry Wagon.’’ Write for free copy. iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1913 1 Want to Know You’ if‘ Like Me, You Love The Hardy Garden Plants} Let us become acquainted—write to ee me about your garden and | will send 3 A you my new book of Hardy Plant Specialties for both connoisseur and amateur. In it] tell you of Delphiniums, Irises, Peonies, Phloxes, Poppies and other flowering plants, in all their most desirable varieties. ] am sometimes as.ced if it “‘ pays’’ to grow so many varieties of Peonies, and Irises, when a shorter list might answer. _I repeat here, then, that I grow the things I like and because I want them for myself, and for the pleasure they give me. Incidentally [ find others want them, too. The Delphinium of today is a tall and stately plant, contrasting more varied shades of lovely and rare colors than any other flower in the garden. For beauty thatis wholly ethereal and makes you dream of far-away things, thereis 4 none like that of the Iris, the ‘‘Rainbow ¢ Flower,’’ messenger from the Queen of Heaven to mortals on earth. My book will tell you, too, of the dazzling Phloxes, and the barbaric splendor of the great Oriental Poppies, that are the charm of the hardy garden. There are full page color plates of fine specimen Irises, and Peonies, and Poppies, and of the great field of Peonies which hundreds came to see last year, reproduced for you from color photographs. If you care for these things, you will want my new book, sent to any flower lover on request. Wyomissing Bertrand H. Farr, Nurseries 105 Garfield Ave., Wyomissing, Penna. wy In specimen sizes Send for Catalog. The Elm City Nursery Co. New Haven, Dept. M., Conn. RARE LILACS SU A Beautiful, Illustrated Book- let, “WHERE SUN DIALS DIAL ARE MADE,” sent upon request. Estimates furnished. Any Latitude Ask for Booklet No. 5 E.B. MEYROWITZ, 237 Fifth Ave., New York Branches: New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul, London, Paris Hardy varieties Rhododen- Be: Catalog. = The E) it b drons e Elm City Nursery Co New Haven, Dept. M., Conn. Private Water Supply Plants 3 KEWANE y* SYSTEM OF As WATER SUPPL s SEND FOR CATALOG N Sze, KEWANEE WATER SUPPLY CO. - NEW YORK CITY KEWANEE othhe van POWER CHICACO $421.27 Profit from one acre in one season, and that on sandy New Jersey soil too. You can do as well or better with the new double crop Red Rasp- berry Ranere. Yields two crops every year—Ripe fruit from June until November. A sworn statement showing daily shipments and receipts, and expenses of + acres of this berry mailed free. One dozen plants, postpaid, $1.00 Half dozen. ‘ Se od) Quarter dozen ; ty eal My new book “‘Dahlias and How to Grow Them” free for a postal card. J. MURRAY BASSETT Packard Street Hammonton, New Jersey There is nothing about the care of ban- tams which is beyond the ability of any boy. They need no more attention than rabbits or cavies and are much more satisfactory pets. They may be kept in an ordinary back yard, or allowed to run on the lawn. Some of the best bantams seen at the shows are raised in very limited quarters. A boy who is really fond of his birds will spend most of his spare time with them, and have them so tame that they will stand on his finger and fly to his shoulder. It is a pleasure to work with bright, handsome pets like these: VARIETY IN THE VEGETABLE GARDEN By FLORENCE TAFT EATON N planning for the planting of the family garden, it is rather interesting, and a really paying experiment, to try a few vegetables a little out of the common run. As a matter of fact, the “survival .f the fittest” doctrine applies to garden- ing as well as to everything else, and the vegetables in common use are, as goes without saying, the most satisfactory as to results in yield and quality. Never- theless, one finds some “fun” in trying each year one or two varieties new to that particular family and garden spot, and there are many vegetables in this cate- gory really worth while, even in a small plot of land. I will suggest a few which we have found an addition to our list of the old “stand-bys”—the interesting cosmopolit- ans, as it were—that give variety and diversity to our “old inhabitants.” Foremost among our experiments which have proved of permanent value is the New Zealand spinach. Nothing new about the New Zealand spinach? No, but in how few gardens is it seen! This we have found a good “filler,” as it may be cut any and every day after it gets well established until the heavy frosts come, having no season. It is the best example of both having one’s cake and eating it, as for every sprig clipped two new ones appear. Whenever the choice vegetables are a little sparse, spinach may be added-to the bill of fare; and ii the garden is expected to add a little to the children’s pin money, a bushel or two may at almost any time be cut for the market man, who is usually glad to obtain it fresh. Half of a short garden row will be enough for a small family, as it spreads generously. Swiss Chard is another prolific and ever-yielding “green,” of the same gen- eral kind. This also lasts until after even hard frosts, and its tender and most attractive green and white inner leaves may be cut and cut indefinitely, and to advantage. It has the additional value of being two in one, as the snowy midrib may be used alone, boiled, buttered, and either served entire, as asparagus, with or without toast, or cut in small pieces, stewed and served in a cream sauce. The stalks are also delicious, cooked, chilled; and used with French dressing as a salad. The green parts of the same leaves mav be boiled, chopped fine, and prepared like spinach, and is equally good. Kohl Rabi is another very satisfactory but little used vegetable, and if caught at the perfect moment, when tender and succulent is most delicious. It should be cut when rather small, before the woody fibres develop, which absolutely spoil it for table use, as no amount of cooking will then render it tender. After cooking it may be sliced and served plain, with ON FS SAS Sa TS Our Newest Rose Triumph No Lawn or Garden should be without it The Climbing American Beauty The most beautiful climbing, pillar or bush rose ever introduced, ardy as an oak. Fine, dark green, healthy foliage, free from black spot or mildew. A perfect mass of bloom in June and flowering occa- sionally throughout the entire growing season. Roses 3 to 4 inches in diameter on single stems; color and ap- pearance like the old American Beauty, with the same exquisite fragrance. While the old American Beauty is rarely satisfactory in the open ground, our new Climbing American Beauty has proved perfectly hardy, stands heat and drought as well as any rose in our collection and produces twenty times as many flowers as its pollen parent, Don’t fail to plant this beautiful rose this spring. Strong One Year Plants, $1.00 each, $10.00 per dozen. Sent immediately upon receipt of price, or at the proper time for spring planting, post or express paid. Colored illustration on request. MQ UNEXCELLED ~ NURSERY FACILITIES Our Nurseries cover about 800 acres, where we grow a full line of Fruit and Ornamental rees, Evergreens, Shrubs, Vines, Roses, etc. 60 years of ex- perience enables us to offer exceptional ser- vice. Landscape work in all its branches. If you contemplate the improvement of your grounds or the plant- ing of a commercial orchard, write us for information or prices. HOOPES, BRO. & THOMAS COMPANY Dept. A West Chester, Pa. Philadelphia, Office: oom R 2 Stephen Girard Bldg. Beautiful Lawns Lawns that are distinctive; that show early and late and all of the time that they are different; lawns of wonderful texture; a rich green, velvety carpet out of doors; such lawns are made with KALAKA FERTILIZED GRASS SEED Expert blending of purest seeds of choice lawn grasses in combination with specially prepared natural fertil- izer insures best distribution and quick, strong germination. Kalaka in 5 lb. boxes at $1.00 express prepaid East or $1.25 West of Omaha. Special prices for quantities of 50 lbs. and over. Order today. “How to Make a Lawn,”’ Free B ooklet valuable to every Jawn maker, sent free if you mention your dealer. THE KALAKA CO., 1110 W. 35th Street, Chicago IREER/S’ SPECIAL CATAL CUE-OP. se ~ “describing nearlys500 of the.wery— ‘hoicest sorts-of all types, be wutifully illustrated. “COPIES FREE on REQUEST HENRY A. DER A PHIA \ April, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Burbank’s New Shasta Daisy The Westralia You all know the famous Luther Burbank creation, the Shasta Daisy, with its huge white flowers with soft, velvety gold centers—the world- wide popular flower creation of the century. z The Westralia Shasta is anew type, of pleasing cream color, semi- double, three to four inches across, produced on furly long stems in bewildering profusion, with remarkable resistant vigor and ability to over- come ill-treatment and unfavorable conditions. beautify your garden with chis unusual Burbank novelty. Get it from the true original source. As with all original Burbank productions, the demand is great. Order before the supply is exhausted— today. One plant, 75 cents; two, $1.25; three, $1.50; six, $2.00; ten, $2.50; 100, $15.00. You can now get Luther Burbank’s 1913 Rose Novelty—Corona For yourown garden. This, the most unique ofall rose creations, has a bloom which, when cut, will last in perfect condition for two weeks. It is a semi-climber of the Crimson Rambler Type, with immense clusters of rose-crimson flowers, resembling the Chinese Primrose. The Corona is 2 hardy plant, and will grow anywhere in the United States. A row of ““Coronas’” will make your garden a sight to behold. Large plants, each, $5.00; per ten, $40.00. Place your orders now. Burbank’s Own _ Selection of his own seeds—10 packages Enough for a garden of extraordinary character and beauty—a genuine Burbank garden. These seeds are of highest quality, prepared under Burbank’s personal supervision. The demand isso great that we advise immediate response. The selection includes: Long Season Sweet Peas; Rainbow Corn; Scabiosa Major, Select double; Gigantic Crimson Morning Glory; Giant Zinnia; Schizanthus Wisetonensis, very newest, extra select largest flowers; Dianthis Imperialis, beautiful mixed very large (Japanese Pink); Verbena, mammoth mixed; New Lavender Trailing Godetia; New Gigantic Evening Primrose Oenethera **merica.”’ Owingto limited supply and great demand one or two other Burbank flowers of equal merit may be substituted. Any 5 of the above, $1 Not including Rainbow Corn The Garden Novelty of 1913 Bur- bank’s Rainbow Corn Beautiful and exquisite in colorings as Orchids—a flower in’bloom from the time the young shoots appear until the heavy frosts of autumn; noth- ing like it for decorative effects, for garden, cutting, or corsage bou- quet ; leaves variegated with brilliant crimson, yellow, white, green, rose, and bronze stripes; a bed of it in your garden looks like its name— RAINBOW. Hardy and will grow with little attention. Your garden with Burbank’s Rainbow Corn will be the admiration of every one who sees it. Order now—today—while the supply lasts. Fifty cents the package. With every dollar order we will send you upon request Luther Bur- bank’s Instructions *“How to Plant and Raise Flowers’’—worth the price of the order. Luther Burbank wants the people of all countries to enjoy the beauty and splendor of his new flower creations. Now for the first time, the original creations are within the reach of all. None genuine without seal. Send for our 1913 Seed Catalogue at once. The Luther Burbank Co. Sole Distributor of the Burbank’s Horticultural Productions 851 Exposition Building San Francisco Dwari Apples The Elm City Nursery Co. Fruiting Sizes Send for Catalog. New Haven, Dept. M., Conn. “JAPANESE DWARF TREES” 7 in., to 30 in. spread. an >; Mount Fuji, Rising Sun, Setting Sun, Flying crane, tiers, etc. “GARDEN JAPONICA” 1305 W. 43rd St., Kansas City, Mo. Rare Beauty, TasteElegance A little money, wisely invested in thrifty evergreens, transforms an ordinary place into one of dis- home surroundings more eye-pleas- ing. Make your property more valuable! Hill’s Evergreens Best for over 56 years are hardy, certain of growth. Largest, choicest selection in America. Don’t risk failure. Plant Hill's Evergreens— get finest trees, handsomest foliage. Send Today for Hill’s Free Evergreen Book periected wing, trans- jlanting, shipping. This w book and our expert ulvice absolutely free. D.Hill Nursery Co.,Inc. 261 Cedar St. Dundee, Ill. Evergreen Specialists butter, or diced and served with a cream sauce. But on no account let it get ahead of you. Raising Okra is another satisfactory experiment. This vegetable also must be carefully watched and used while the pods are very tender, as a woody fibre develops in them also, which renders them worthless. Okra, sliced thin, is a most delicious addition to any variety of stew or soup. The far-famed “Okra soup” of the South, composed of good- sized pieces of beef, tomatoes, and sliced Okra, seasoned highly and stewed until rich and tender, is almost unrivalled in its own department. Okra is also very nice as a separate vegetable, or cooked and chilled, makes a unique and delicious salad. It is not very prolific, but is well worth while, to help give individuality to one’s garden and table. If one wishes an ornamental addition to the garden, Sea Kale stands unrivalled. A row which we once planted flourished most luxuriantly, and, viewed as a foliage plant, was the admiration of all beholders. We did not, however, care for it particularly, althoueh it was a good “green.” It is at its best after being touched by the frost. Cabbage and cauliflower are in every garden of any size, but how many try to raise Brussels Sprouts? . It is, however, one of the most delicious and satisfactory vegetables for fall use, as it comes after the strictly Summer vegetables are mostly gone. It is easily raised, and as it 1s always rather expensive in the market, well worth adding to our permanent list. Serve it escalloped with a rich cream sauce, with grated cheese on top, and you may go far before finding a more delici- ous dish. Salsify is also easily raised, and with its extremely individual flavor, is a very valuable addition to our table in Fall and early Winter. The garden presents such an embarrassment of riches in the Sum- mer months, that vegetables which we can house and use to help delay the advent of the tin can season, are treasures and should be raised and hus- banded with care. Some roots may be left in the garden during the Winter and dug up in the Spring with the parsnips. Beside each season adding one or two untried varieties to the garden, try differ- ent kinds of the old stand-bys. Set a plant or two of the “Yellow Plum” to- mato and of the “Peach” tomato, and the tiny red and yellow clustered varieties. These are all delicious and ornamental additions to the salad bowl. They should not, however, take the place of the tried and tested. A plant of each is sufficient. The “Golden Bantam” corn has justi- fied itself too fully and satisfactorily to be called an experiment, but if you are conservative and have not tried it, be sure and do so this year. We have dis- carded all other kinds in its favor as none of them are so tender and delicious. It has the great advantage, for the small garden, of keeping perfectly tender and sweet when the kernels are quite large. So if it gets ahead of you it can still all be used, to the last ear. I understand that it cannot be marketed easily on account of its color—a rich golden yellow—but for the home table it has no rival. Sweet Peppers are most satisfactory and should be planted, together with the more pungent variety used in seasonings. The Sweet Peppers are delicious stuffed with any vegetable or chopped meat, a This splend‘d oak stands on the estate of the late Julius E. French, at W:ckliffe,O. It was entirely hol- low at the base, because of the decay of several years. It was phys cally weak and growing weaker. With- in a short time_a heavy wind would surely haye blown jt over. It was treated by the Davey Tree Experts and has been saved. The picture shown above was taken four years after treatment, and shows a wonderful growth of new bark over the filling. The new bark is seen inside the white spots. This tree is a living monument to the science of Tree Surgery, originated and developed by John Davey; and to the skill of the Davey Tree Experts. Your trees can be saved by the Davey Experts also. “Let a Davey Tree Expert Examine Your Trees Now. Sometimes decay can be seen from the outside— Sometimes it can’t. Hidden decay is often just as dangerous as that exposed to view. Sometimes a tree owner realizes the condition and needs of his trees—Sometimes he don’t. More often he don’t Generally it’s a revelation. In most cases they sav “I wouldn’t have believed that trees needed such treatment, nor that such things could be done with trees as you have done.” Cavities, if not properly treated, continue to decay and destroy the trees. Outward appearances do not always indicate the extent of the cavity, nor the con- dition of decay. Our EXPERT examination will reveal exact conditions. We will gladly have one of our Experts examine your trees, without charge, and report on their exact condition. If yourtrees need no treatment you want to know it; if they do need treatment you ought to. know it. Write for booklet “‘A.”’ THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO. KENT, OHIO. BRANCH OFFICES: 225 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y., Phone Madigon Square 9546. Harvester Bldg., Chicago, Ill., Phone Harrison 2666. New Birks Bldg., Montreal, Can., Phone Up Town 6726. Merchants’ Exch.Bldg. SanFrancisco, Cal Telephone Connection z Representatives Available Everywhere. JOHN DAVEY © . ; Father of Tree Surgery COPYRIGHT 1912 OU can grow prize winning Chrysanthe- mum blooms like this pict- ure and giant carnations if you buy the young plants now. Grow on in pots or boxes until May, then plantin garden. We furnish 20 strong plants assorted, either or both, for $1.00 postpaid by Parcels Post. All colors known included. Or you can make the 20 up in part of other plants; heliotropes, marguerites, geraniums, double nasturtiums, ivies, icepinks and any bedding plant in general Cultural Directions included. The Harlowarden Greenhouses GREENPORT, NEW YORK vl AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1913 mixed with cream sauce. It is not gen- erally known that the surplus may be canned at home and used through the Winter in salads, sauces and made dishes, with satisfaction to palate and purse. In deciding on the kind of lettuce to be planted, add to the cabbage headed varieties, Endive, Escarolle, and Cos or Romaine, to ornament and give diversity to the salad bowl. ‘The leaves of the last three should be tied with raffia in order to bleach and make tender the inner erowth, which will then be found white, crisp and delicious. Plant also the “Upland” variety som water cress in some corner, If kept moist. it grows freely and well, a fact that is not generally known. Enough has been said to suggest the addition of a few hitherto tried vege- tables to the ordinary list. Read over the catalogues each Spring, visit your neighbor’s gardens, and try something which is new to you each year. A Coldwell Motor Lawn Mower on the grounds of John D. Rockefeller’s estate, Pocantico Hills, N. Y. WOMAN AT THE MOTOR WHEEL By MRS. A. SHERMAN HITCHCOCK HE number of women at the present time who drive motor cars as skilfully and successfully as any male driver are many, and it is an interesting and note- worthy fact that each season there is a con- siderable increase in the number of women who become owners and operators of motor- driven vehicles. A few years ago a woman driving a motor car unattended attracted much attention and was viewed with undisguised curiosity by all who saw her. There was only now and then a woman who had the temerity to make an attempt to operate a motor car, and, in- deed, when one considers the imperfections of the cars built a few years ago, one can more readily appreciate the many obstacles that she had to contend with and overcome if she became a successful driver. Cars were then far more complicated, mechanic- ally, than any at present, but even so it was fully demonstrated that there were some women who possessed the ability to over- ‘come these obstacles, and who—probably possessing a tendency toward things me- chanical—mastered the intricacies of the gasoline engine and succeeded admirably as operators, Nine out of ten women who are asked -why they don’t drive their own cars, in- variably answer in the same way—that they are too nervous. This is no doubt per- fectly true in many cases where it would certainly be unsafe for a woman afflicted with ‘‘nerves” to attempt to handle a car. Still, the trouble of nervousness is greatly exaggerated by many women, and would undoubtedly in most cases wear away rapidly as confidence in herself became es- tablished. Then there are the women whose hus- bands do not approve of the feminine por- tion of the family aspiring to the honor of driving the family car. His real reason is without doubt in most cases a wholly selfish one—he fears her proficiency and doesn’t want her to use the car as often as she would wish were she capable of its opera- tion. But in spite of the many cynical shafts of alleged wit that some “superior” men love to launch at feminine autoists, the woman who drives and understands the O keep turf in good condition you must have a J good lawn mower. Those who want—and know—the best always use Coldwell Mowers. “Coldwell” means to lawn mowers what “ Kodak” means to cameras. Each is the leader in its line. One Coldwell Motor Mower does the work of three men and three horse mowers. It climbs 25% grades easily. It weighs 2,000 pounds—rolling and cutting in one; but it leaves no hoof prints. Coldwell Motor Mowers are used on all the principal Golf links in America, by the U.S. Government, and on scores of parks and private estates. We also make the best horse and hand lawn mowers on the market. Send us your name and address and we will mail you our illustrated catalogue, with an interesting booklet on the care of turf. ‘“Always use the BEST, the BEST is the cheapest, Coldwell Lawn Mowers are the BEST.”’ COLDWELL LAWN MOWER CO. NEWBURGH, NEW YORK Philadelphia Chicago joa an | ANEW BOOK FO HOMEBUILDERS Containing in addition to over 125 new designs of Bungalows, Cottages and Houses, costing from $500.00 to $15,000.00: articles on_how to Fi- nance, Pian and Build your new home, and how to equip it with all Modern Conveniences. HOMES OF CHARACTER 1913 EDITION is the most complete Book of Plans ever published. The plans areallmew and pre- pared by an Architect of World-wide reputa- tion. Price of plans given with each design. 300 pages, 127 designs, bound in cloth with art cover. Sent prepaid for $1.00. _ Tit! = = xe y Garden Furniture Including Benches, Chairs, Tables, Arbors Treillage, Pergolas, etc., in ; ; JOHN HENRY NEWSON A, Car hasweaychistine: advantage over the ae and rustic. Catalog of many dnc.) woman who motors without enthusiasm, esigns on request. ARCHITECT and who does not know the difference be- North Shore Ferneries Company Beverley, Massachusetts Designers and Makers of Garden Accessories tween the spark plug and the rear axle, or a Wray muffler from the device which silences, and there are very many motorists of this type. Williamson Building Desk D., Cleveland, Ohio April, 1913 Then there is the motor woman who dis- likes machinery—who is afraid of soiling her hands or gloves or gown with a bit of oil or grease, and who considers herself of far greater importance and far more ele- gant when seated like an automaton in the tonneau of the car dresses as elaborately as the pastime will possibly allow, with a miniature powder puff always ready to dab her nose occasionally for fear a little dust may settle thereon. But the time has come when the ambition of the woman autoist is to be able intelli- gently to understand the mechanical fea- fares of her car and learn to drive well that she may go about when and where she wishes without being bothered with a professional chauffeur. There are very many women who might enjoy the pleas- ures and benefits of motoring were it not that they doubt their ability to learn how to drive and how to overcome obstacles. The majority of these same women would be perfectly able to master the modern car after some practical instructions from an expert. A great many women who could easily manage their car hesitate to do so through mistaken ideas of the difficulties to be overcome. The very first thing necessary for the woman who has decided to become an owner and driver is to select her car. If she is wise she will pick one which 1s simple in construction for this is an import- ant factor when she is to drive the car her- self. Of course, a car of standard manu- facture is always preferable to one little known, and a moderately powered car will answer her requirements perfectly. The first duty after purchasing the car is to be- come perfectly familiar with it, for the greatest pleasure of motoring is to be able to do all things about the car that exigency may demand. The first time the woman operates her car alone she will have very little confi- dence in her own ability. It is always wise to practice turning—backing about and turning around—plenty of room as free from obstruction as possible should be found to experiment in. ) One should learn to control the speed ot the car with spark and throttle as much as possible and only release the clutches when absolutely necessary. The low gear should only be resorted to in extreme cases: The spark should be used for speed and the throttle for power. Gradually familiar- izing oneself with the operation of the car, the disengaging of a clutch or applying of a brake will become practically automatic. Before leaving home for a trip the car should be carefully looked over—this will occupy but a few minutes and save much annoyance from troubles on the road. The batteries and coil should be tested, the spark plugs clean, the gasoline and water tanks well filled, and there should be a plentiful supply of lubricating oil. An abundance of oil should always be kept in the crankcase of the engine, the change gear box and the rear axle or differential. Each and every wearing part—the axle joints, steering gear, change gear levers, brake mechanism, etc., should be liberally oiled. It is always important that the gasoline should be strained before putting it into the tank—it only requires the tiniest bit of dirt or grit to clog up the carburetor. The two most important factors to look after in connection with a gasoline engine are the flow of gasoline and the electric spark. The ignition system should always be watched and gone over carefully from the batteries to the spark plug. If an engine slows up the trouble is very likely in the mixture We have been making fine china for forty years. The trade-mark name “Homer Laughlin” on the underside of a dish is our guarantee to you that it 4) will not chip at VS04] readily; that i hx) (hal Sa vi ure in color tel is sent free. LE a : IAN SOX REZ trade-mark. every touch ; that it will not break t will resist the attacks of table ‘\ cutlery and that its beautiful glaze will not become marred by fine black lines, due to “crazing.” Send for The China Book—an artistic broch- ling how good china is made. It ! After reading it you will want the china you buy to bear the Homer Laughlin The Homer Laughlin China Co. NEWELL, W. VIRGINIA 7 RL Bisse ale ae CO Sa ke Wai) CYCLONE ORNAMENTAL LAWN FENCE is extra heavy weight, sag-proof weave, close, even spacing of the picket wires, self-adjusting to uneyen ground; easy to erect on wood or iron posts. The enormous output of our factory, the biggest of its kind in the world,makes Cyclone the lowest priced. high- grade fenceyoucan buy |Ca CYCLONE Dept. 87 See your dealer about these goods;} or write us for fine Free Illustrated SOENeeee SRR ORT REE ee ee eee IGH QUALITY AND Low P CYCLONE VICTOR FARM GATES— heavily galvanized; the strongest gate made; has tubular steel frame free from holes; heavy wire fabric, rust-proof; automatic lock absolute- ly stock proof ; raise de- vice holds gate firm in any position at front or hinge end. talog. FENCE CoO., | WAUKEGAN, ILL. Thousands of Houses have been stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains during over thirty years all over the world. The owners didn't decide haphazard. They investigated, calculate: —and found that these stains were infinitely more beauti- ful in colorings than paint, and that they cost less than half as much, to buy and to apply. Also that they pene- trated and thoroughly preserved the wood, being made with Creosote, “the best wood preservative known.” Investigation will cost you a postage stamp. Send for stained wood samples and name of nearest agent. Cabot's Stains ave sold all over the country. SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Mfg. Chemists 131 Milk Street Boston, Mass. ae x SS : 4 Sam Ly sate a Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains Bunting G& Shrigley, Architects, Philadelphia ITH the approaching of Spring and ; planting time grows within you the long- ing for a pretty garden; and your ambition is to make that garden prettier than ever before. After careful thought and selection we have ey . 5 5 =m BY made a collection of 24 varieties of flower seeds that willgrow a surprisingly pretty little garden having distinctive individuality and charm. Here is the collection— one regular packet of each: Phlox Drummondii Poppy Portulaca, Single Scabiosa Sunflower Sweet Alyssum Larkspur, Dwarf Larkspur, Tall Rocket Lupinus Malope Marigold Marigold, Dwarf Mignonette Nasturtium, Dwarf Candytuft ) Centaurea cyanus Clarkia Collinsia Convolyulus, Dwarf Cosmos Eschscholtzia Zinnia, Dwarf Zinnia, Tall A dollar bill pinned to your letter will bring the collection together wi th an attractive garden plan insuring color har- mony. Alsoour Spring catalog containing a wonderful list of flower and vegetable seeds, garden tools, etc. ,as well as many helpful hints and suggestions on the cultivation of your garden. He ebuns Seeds A have been renowned for Thomas Jefferson was Pres “‘The Most Reliable Seeds” their uniform purity and fertility ever since ident—you can depend upon them. J.M. Thorburn & Co. 33P Barclay St. Founded 1802 —111 years ago New York boo Vill Free Book on Lawn Making It tells you how to make and care fora new lawn. Also tells you how to renew an old worn-out lawn. In fact, this book gives all data on making and main- taining a beauti- ful lawn. Every home owner should have this book. It is free for the asking. Write for it to-day. Dunham ‘“ Water-Weight”’ Rollers Roll Your Lawn Do you know that the most essential tool for the care of a /awn is a Roller? A roller will eradicate weeds, discourage moles and ants, keep grass from dying out in spots, and pro- mote even growth from a hard, smooth surface over which the mower will operate to perfection. Dunham ‘‘Water-Weight’’ Roller Bearing Rollers are superior to all others. They are roller bear- ing and easy to operate. Insist on a Dunham. If your dealer does not have them, write us. For sale by leading Hardware and Seed Stores. Don’t fail to write for our Free Book on Lawn Making. THE DUNHAM COMPANY 132 FRONT STREET, BEREA, OHIO Largest Roller Manufacturers in the World 10,000 CATALOGUES FREE! ON GARDENING! Have yon sent for yours ? A postal card will bring it Cassell & Co., 47 E. 19th St., New York “Detachable” Hose Reel Can be easily changed from one faucet to another. Puta faucet on front and rear of house, in garage, etc. Quickly slips on and off the faucet. ose securely attached to reel. as needed with turned on. >] the faucet. the hose—makes it last longer. faucet in kitchen or laundry. pense. , show you or write for booklet. mall €x- “Useful things for lawn.’ SPECIALTY MANUFACTURING CO. 1045 Raymond Ave., St. Paul, Minn. Let me plan your grounds After eight years’ service with Mr. FE. C. Converse, of Greenwich, Conn., as landscape architect at his country estate of Conyers Manor, I am now open for engagements in my professional capacity. I am qualified to act as consulting gardener and as landscape architect. My specialty is in laying out an estate, or the grounds around a country home, along Nature’s own lines, so as to obtain beauty and charm at a moderate expense. Beginniug at the famous Blenheim estate of the Duke of Marlborough, I have had a professional ex- perience of twenty years. My fee is proportionate to the size of the place, and the amount of time given to it. I can be of much help to the owner of a small place of a few acres, as well as to the owner of a large estate. If you are interestcd, I shall be glad to send you my book, ‘‘The Making of a Country Estate,’’ which will give you an excellent idea of my work. . Address Henry Wild Landscape Architcct and Consulting Gardener Greenwich, Conn. Easily carried about. You can unreel the hose the water Reel revolves on Prevents kinks and twists in Fire Protection—ready for instant use by having a special Ask your hardware dealer to AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS of gas supply or to the batteries running down. When the engine comes suddenly to a stop it is practically certain that the cause is some defect with the ignition sys- tem. If an engine slows up and stops and then after a moment starts up again and runs a mile or two, it is a sure sign that the batteries are run down. An engine sel- dom stops abruptly without preliminary warnings. Sometimes a mixture of gas is exploded in the muffler by the heat of the exhaust. This is called back-firing and is caused by too great a supply of gas being fed to the engine. As this cannot be fired or ex- ploded it is forced into the muffler with the exhaust gases. A sure sign of too much lubrication is blue smoke coming from the exhaust, and when too much gasoline is being consumed the smoke will be black. An over supply of either oil or gasoline will cause dirty valves and sotted plugs. After a woman has operated her car fo1 some time she can readily tell by the sound whether the engine is running smoothly and correctly. If there is premature igni- tion, loose bearings, loose distance rods, any small obstruction in the sprocket or gears, or a broken or loose framework, or, in fact, any unusual sound, it should be im- mediately investigated and eliminated, if possible, for although one may be able to get home the damage done is quite apt to be expensive to the owner. When the en- gine has become overheated and the pistons are jammed tightly by lack of water, the cylinders can be tested by sprinkling a little water on them. If the water hisses and im- mediately dries off the tank must not be re- filled until cool. Some kerosene can be poured into the pistons while they are hot. If the pistons have become seized the cool- ing process will be a slow and tedious one. There are symptoms, however, that indi- cate overheating, such as a violent pound- ing of the engine, steam issuing from the filling nozzle, water coming out of the over- flow pipe while driving, continuing firing after the ignition is off and smoke rising from the engine. If these symptoms are noticed, and kerosene is injected into the cylinder, meanwhile turning the engine by hand, the temperature will go down and the pistons will move freely. The most ef- fective way is to become perfectly familiar with the car and avoid all troubles by care and intelligence. The woman who is learning should above all else be possessed of the virtue of pa- tience. She cannot expect to learn to know her car at once. Perseverance and patience and time will work wonders and constant association with things mechanical gives one a degree of skill in manipulating tools that will astonish the novice. Common sense is the first principle needed to run a car. Ingenuity is another needed requisite, and with intelligence and the desire to be- come proficient the average woman may confidently expect to develop into a suc- cessful and expert motor car driver. PARAGUAY’S “‘SPIDER-LACE”’ ISSIONARIES in Paraguay more than two hundred years ago taught the native Indians to make lace by hand. Since that day, says an exchange, the art has greatly developed, and in certain of the towns lace-making is the chief occupation. Almost all the women, many children, and not a few men are engaged in this industry. A curious fact with reference to the Paraguayan laces is that the designs were borrowed from the strange webs woven by the semi-tropical spider, that abound in that country. Accordingly, this lace is by the natives called nanduti, which means “spider web.” April, 1913 You can always have a dark green velvety lawn if you make it with U-TREET ME The Plant Food Blend for fertilizing lawns, flowers, trees, shrubs, vegetables and all things that grow. Concentrated, all available, clean, odorless. A scientific discovery. Six years tests. Use one-half less of U-TREE-T-ME than ordinary fertilizer and grow more fruit and vegetables, earlier and of finer flavor. 5 lbs. express prepaid $1.00 (enough for 500 feet lawn or 130 rose bushes, etc.); 100 lbs. $5.00; freight prepaid east of Mississippi River. Write for valuable free booklets. ’ THE PLANT & LAND FOOD CO. 202 N. Garrison Lane Baltimore, Md. Fruit and Ornamental Irish Roses TREES, SHRUBS EVERGREENS and Hardy Perennials A complete line of quality stock. Extra Sizes for immediate effect. Sizes and Prices in Catalog. ROSEDALE NURSERIES Office: 69 Hamilton Place TARRYTOWN, N. Y. FRESH AIR AND PROTECTION! Ventilate your rooms, yet have your | windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them 88-page Catalegue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES Co. NEW HAVEN, CONN. Ser.c MANUFACTURER® cos Trial Four Months, over 409 pages. Ten Cents World’s Greatest Collector Magazine FOUNDED IN 1895 Ghe Philatelic West and Collector’s World Superior. Nebraska, U.S.A. The oldest, largest monthly American Collectors’ Paper. 100 pages each issue, replete with interesting reading and advertising, illustrated, pertaining to Stamps, Curios, Coins, Postal Cards and Entire Covers, Old Weapons and Pistols, Historical Discoveries, Minerals, Relics of all kinds, Old Books, etc. Over ,600 pages issued in two years, An unimitated expensive meritorious feature is the publication in each number of illustra- tions of leading collectors and dealers of the world. 50 cents for 12 numbers; Foreign and Canada, $1 or4s. Sample Free L. T. BRODSTONE, Publisher Superior, Nebraska, U.S.A. . Six varieties Christmas — Srsforcaloe. = it rsery Co. Roses New: Havens beste Conn. gam The Stephenson System of Underground Refuse Disposal Keep the garbage out of sight in the ground away from the dogs, cats and typhoid fly. | a Thousands in use. apsaees Underground Garbage and Refuse Receivers A fireproof and sanitary disposal of ashes, refuse and oily waste. Our Underground Earth Closet means freedom from contaminated water supply. Sold direct. In use nine years. C. H. STEPHENSON, Mfr. 21 Farrar St. Lynn, Mass, OWAY | POTTERY OUR Garden and Home will haveNew Charm with vee, Send for circular - Tt pays to look us up. istic Pottery selected 7 1al at Réasonable Prices. =< _ Send for our Catalogue of , Pots,BoxesVases,Sundials,Ben- ches and other Terra-Cotta Garden Furniture. ¢>@5 | GAT OWAY TERRA COLTA CO. 3222 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA. PA. April, 1913 AMERICAN 'HOMES AND GARDENS ix PICTURES AS DECORATIONS HAVE often wondered why so many I otherwise beautiful homes are ruined by a careless and injudicious use of pictures, particularly when such beautiful and en- tirely appropriate pictures may be had anywhere for almost nothing. Many apartments and houses are carefully planned as far as the wall and floor coverings are concerned—careful selection is made of curtains, furniture and bric-a-brac, but the question of pictures, which make or mar the entire effect, is often left for chance to decide. The maximum of decorative effect at the minimum of cost may-be had by the dis- criminating use of pictures properly framed and placed, and very fortunately for the inexperienced decorator the choice, while of infinite variety is so divided that judici- ous selection is not difficult. I myself am very fond of portraits and have found that nothing is more decorative in effect than a well selected portrait of the period desired, and portraits of all periods are available. Not long ago I arranged a little study in a man’s apartment where a splendid result was obtained with very simple materials. The walls were covered with a Japanese grass-cloth of a deep, old gold tone, and I selected two or three large photographs of Franz Hals and Holbein portraits in the brown carbon tones on sale in any of the shops. Glass over the portraits would have ruined the effect so I had them heavily coated with water varnish which produces much of the effect of age. The frames are of oak, about two inches wide, rubbed down to a beautifully dull and soft sur- face. These few photographs, hung as they are at the same height over a row of low book cases, produce a splendor of deco- rative value worth many times the cost. Had the room been a reception room or boudoir of one of the French periods, large colored prints of the well known portraits by Nattier might have been selected. treated in much the same manner and framed in the charming narrow gilt frames of Louis XVI patterns which may be pur- chased in stock sizes in many of the shops. One enterprising firm of New York pub- lishers has issued an entire series of little books each dealing with the work of some one great master. I have purchased a number of these little volumes merely for the pictures which possess a high decora- tive value. I have some thirty little por- traits in color, prints of originals by Van Dyck, Rubens, and Valasquez simply framed in narrow black frames without mats, and their effect, arranged in the vertical panels of some old doors, is won- derfully good. The progress of chromo-lithography and other color processes has made it possible to obtain at almost ridiculous prices the most beautiful color reproductions of the old and modern masters. It is no longer necessary to study pictures by photograph in black and white; even if these reproduc- tions do not possess quite the beauty of tone and color of the great originals, the effect is sufficiently realistic to obtain a very satisfactory idea of the color value of the master’s work, For large spaces photogranhs of archi- tectural subjects may be used. If one tires of the Roman forum, the Acropolis and the papal palace at Avignon, there are photo- graphs of the quaint old cities of conti- nental Europe, little known canals in Venice and quiet corners of Amalfi and Capri. For an entire frieze one might use the photographs of the Canterbury Pil- grims or the pictures by Abbey of the Holy Garage = ‘B ==25) Play House Hodgson Portable Houses Artistically designed and finished, made of the most durable materials and practical at any time of the year in any climate. Made for innumerable purposes. Erection of buildings extremely simple and can be done by unskilled labor in a few hours’ time. Send for illustrated circulars and state what you are interested in. E. F. HODGSON CO., 116 Washington St., Room 227, Boston, Mass. * Start a Fernery | s Brighten up the deep, shady nooks on your lawn, or that dark porch corner—just the places for our hardy wild ferns and wild flower collections. We have been growing them for 25 years and know what varieties are suited to your conditions. Tell us the kind > of soil you have—light, sandy, clay—and we will advise you. Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers will give the charm of nature to your yard. These include not only hardy wild ferns, but native orchids, and flowers for wet and swampy spots, rocky hillsides and dry woods. We also grow such hardy flowers as primroses, campanulas. digitalis, violets, hepaticas, trilliums, and wild flowers which require open sunlight as wellas shade. If you wanta bit of an old-time wildwood garden, with flowers just as Nature grows them—send for our new catalogue and let us advise you mwhat to select and how to succeed with them. EDWARD GILLETT, Box D, Southwick, Mass. For Beautiful Homes SEE THESE TWO NEW PLAN BOOKS. “*% “The DRAUGHTSMAN” § = “PLAN-KRAFT” For one story homes. @ Fortwo story homes. Y 1913 editions, contain exteriors and interiors of ad- <4 vanced designs of homes featuring the new modifi- ed Swiss Chalet and Japanese Architecture. PRICE 25c EACH POSTPAID DE LUXE BUILDING CO. 523-D Union League Bullding. Los Angeles, Cal. OOKSECO. CLEVELAND. Fe >> FLOORSSIDEWALK LIGHTS. To Build Beautifully You Should Have These Books More than three hundred illustrations and plans of artistic and comfortable homes of practically every size and style. Innumerable valuable suggestions and ideas. Modern Dwellings—9x 12 in., 150 Illus. ($3,500 to $50,000) ) BOTH Withielang aetna ema ak Ao SY le Oke $1.50' BOOKS American Homes—|50 Illustrations ($2,500 to $10,000) ( 2 00 withtllans paces Rema Muay S22 <2) CNG ho $1.00) 0 These books contain a profusion of the latest ideas in Georgian, Colonial, English, Bungalow, &c., for those who are Planning to Build. GEO. F. BARBER & CO., Architects, Knoxville, Tenn. = er Rhododendron catawbiense “‘And to paint these home pictures we need chiefly American material. We must face this deadly par illel:”’ - , Mi ) A y ; True American species wy yhf ’ What We Really Plant What We Ought to Plant : ; i P 70% European trees and shrubs 70% American treesand shrubs, : Te ae and horticultural varieties. i.e., native to America. 20% Chinese and Japanese. 20% Chinese and Japanese. 10% American, 10% Europeanandhorticultural. ‘A bove quoled from Withelm Miller's “What England Can Teach Us About Gardening.” KELSEY’S Hardy American Plants, Rare Rhododen- drons, Azaleas, Andromedas, Leucothoes, Kalmias. The largest collection in existence of the finest native ornamentals. The only kind of stock to produce permanent effects. HIGHLANDS NURSERY Catalogues and 3,800 feet elevation in the information of Bono NUmecRy HARLAN P. KELSEY, Owner Boxford, Mass. SALEM, MASS. x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1913 = Ox. ec" The Oriental Store You can shop ea Canton with us by = chair No. mail from 18, height your home as 36inches, satisfactorily width 17 as though inches, you _person- weighs 8 ally pur- Ibs., price chased in our $5.00. store Comfortable Summer Chairs ROM Canton, China, come these artistic examples of Oriental craftsmanship——“‘hour-glass chairs’ — suggesting in every line cool and restful repose. Graceful in design, sanitary in construction and inexpensive in price. Theideal chair for summer use. Woven by hand without a nail in their entire construction—prices $4.50 to $12 each. Send for Beautiful Booklet Illustrating in colors the ee designs of these unique chairs, table: and stools. ‘A-A-VANTINE- &-CO- Broadway and 18th Street NEW YORK Boston Dee Philadelphia RATS "‘sctence™ By the wonderful bacteriological preparation, discovered and prepared by r. Danysz, of Pasteur Institute, Paris. sed with striking success for years in the United States, England, France and Russia, DANYSZ VIRUS contains the germs of a disease peculiar to rats and mice only and is abso- lutely harmless to birds, human beings and other animals. The rodents always die in the open, because of feverish condition. The disease is also contagious to them. Easily prepared and applied. How much to use.—A small house, one tube. Ordinary dwelling, three tubes (if rats are numerous, not less than 6 tubes). One or two dozen for large stable with hay loft and yard or 5000 sq. ft. floor space in build- ings. Price: One tube, 75c; 3 tubes, $1.75; 6 tubes, $3.25; one doz, $6 INDEPENDENT CHEMICAL CO., 72 Front St., New York 1 Fine specimens European an ene macros c = e Elm City Nursery Co. Beech New Havens Dept! M., Conn. Pumps xnbs CYLINDERS, ETC. Hay Unloading Tools Barn Door Hangers Write for Circulars and Prices F.E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O. Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works height a —GET THIS ny BOOK 7 Orchards jy Made to Pay / Increase your yield. Im- ] prove the quality. Make ! two dollars grow where one ! grew before by using the most scientific orchard methods. This book “The Why and How of Orchard Success” may be worth hundreds of dollars to you. Gives the best methods of budding, grafting, pruning and cultivating. Tells how to pre- vent mould, mildew, scale, scab, etc., also how to spray vegetables and shade trees. A MINE OF INFORMATION FOR 50 CENTS Send for it today. FIELD FORCE PUMP Co. 106 Grand Ave. Elmira, N- Y. Grail and they are to be had, by the way, in prints which produce all the glorious coloring of the originals. An English firm is selling very lovely reproductions of illu- minations from old missals and breviaries and the Arundel prints, splendid in color, possess much of the texture and beauty of color of some of the great masters. Other firms reproduce the masterpieces of the Dutch and Flemish schools and for a very delicate effect the French pictures by Watteau, Boucher, and Fragenard are available. Collections of etchings or engravings or prints of any kind are generally more in- teresting when kept collected in portfolios, but sometimes it is desired to use them as decorations and some wonderfully interest- ing results are possible. I know of a hall in a very beautiful suburban home in which is hung a collection of etchings which is the treasure of the house. This hall is paneled in wood painted white and fitted within each panel is an old etching framed in narrow gilt without a mat. The collection, already extensive, is still growing, until all the panels of the hall are filled, the panels along the stairs and in the upper hall and it is now climbing the stairs leading to the third floor. Why must every picture the house pos- sesses be used at the same time? I have always admired the artistic reticence of the Japanese who have a marvelous aptitude for arranging pictures and ornaments. Even the greatest of Japanese homes will show only a few treasures, but these are arranged very thoughtfully. Then the ar- rangement is altered and new treasures ap- pear to be used until they give way to a new selection. To the Japanese mind the displaying of all our possessions at a time would be exceedingly vulgar.” Their plan makes possible an endless variety of beau- ful and distinctive effects without crowd- ing or confusion. This characteristic ap- pears even in certain Japanese shops out- side of Japan. Not far from the offices of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS are many shops where pottery and prints are sold. Among many show windows crowded with a vast array of things which destroy the ef- fect of one another there stands out the window of a little Japanese shop where only a few things are shown, but these few are so well selected and so thoughtfully ar- ranged that the result is a delight. A few general rules regarding the fram- ing and hanging of pictures may be helpful. The function of a frame is to separate a picture from its surroundings, to isolate it in a way from its environment and yet to bring it into harmony and closer relation- ship with other furnishings. One should try to select frames which increase and en- hance decorative values. No rules can be laid down which will govern all cases. Generally pictures in color demand gilt frames although if the tones be low and neutral frames of black, gray or brown may be more effective than gilt. Etchings and prints are usually more successful if framed in brown or black, but here again the rule does not always apply for many engravings, particularly old prints, are greatly improved by gilt frames. Mats, too, should be carefully and I might almost say sparingly used and colored mats are to be used only with great caution. I have seen some very beautiful pictures utterly ruined by the unwise use of a mat where no mat should be. In hanging pictures place colored prints in one room and black and white prints by themselves. If all be hung together the ef- fect is ruined, each detracting from the beauty of the others. If black and white Moth Proof Cedar Chest A beautiful Piedmont Southern Red Cedar Chest more than pays for itself in what it saves. It protects furs, woolens and plumes from moths, mice, dust and damp. It pays for itself ‘over and over again in the pleasure and satisfaction it gives. A Piedmont looks rich in any home. The ideal gift for wed- dings, birthdays, graduations. The finest gift to every woman and to every girl. Every Piedmont is made of genuine Southern mountain red cedar, the moth proof .cedar. Write today for fine book—FREE,. 15 Days Free Trial See this beautiful chest in your home on 15 days free trial. Send direct to us. et your chest at factory prices. Freight Prepaid. The most liberal offer ever made. The biggest and finest line of cedar chests in the worid to select from. Our great catalog shows all designs, styles and sizes. Write for it. Every style and design in Pied- Boo ree mont chests, couches, Chiffo- robes, high-boys, low-boys; all Southern mountain red cedar shown in fine illustrations. Also booklet, “‘Story of Red Cedar.’ This booklet and big 64-page, fully illustrated catalog is postpaid, FREE to you. Also our special Spring season offer. Send your name and address and get all postpaid, FREE. Write today. Don't delay. Piedmont Red Cedar Chest Co., Dept. 127, Stateville, N.C. Norway ane te & fifteen ca x fo Spruce ee eee: WRITE FOR IT J. M. HANSON’S Magazine Agency the largest in the world, furnishes all Magazines and Newspapers. Amazingly Low Prices, and quick, accurate, and reliable service. Save Magazine Money Our 1913 Catalog (44 pages) lists more than 3000 Periodicals and Club Offers. It’s a BIG MONEY-SAVER, and is FREE to you for the asking. = Send Us Your N oO W Name and Address J. M. HANSON’S MAGAZINE AGENCY 229 .Hanson Block, Lexington, Ky. ee April, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi must be hung with colored pictures try at least to place them upon different walls. Family portraits and photographs belong in a class by themselves. As a rule these pictures of somewhat intimate character should be placed in rooms which belong more exclusively to family life. Sometimes family portraits, particularly if they be large and somewhat massive, may be hung in the library and I know of some fine old southern homes where they are placed in dining-rooms with splendid effect. Small family photographs belong entirely in one’s study or bedroom and are woefully out of place anywhere else. These little family pictures may be most attractively framed, and suitable frames either to stand or to hang may be had in convenient shapes and sizes at any of the shops. Long cords and wires almost always detract from the decorative value of a picture and should be avoided whenever possible. Very small pictures should be held in position by slender and invisible brads and this should always be done where pictures are hung along stairs or wherever they are apt to be disarranged by being brushed against. After all, the entire subject of pictures like any other item of decoration must be settled upon the basis of suitability and this general fitness of things which is the foundation of anything regarding beauty or art. FEEDING BEES IN THE SPRING FTEN the amateur’s bees need to be O fed in early Spring if they are to be strong and in condition to work rapidly when the honey flow begins. This is par- ticularly true when the Spring is back- ward or when the colonies seem to be weak. The best way to feed is to make a syrup of sugar and water and place it in a shal- low dish in the top of the hive. There are many feeding devices on the market, but few give better satisfaction than a tin pan such as may be purchased at a ten cent store and a little excelsior for the bees to cling to while they take the syrup. The pan should not be quite filled and the ex- celsior should be placed in the syrup. It is necessary to have a pan for each colony. li a “super” is put on the hive there will be plenty of room for the pan on the brood frames. Of course the cover should be placed on the “super.” The syrup is not to be made as thick as in the Fall, as this Spring feeding is really stimu- lative and is designed to make the bees active. Three ponds of the best granulated sugar should be used with one quart of water. The syrup may be mixed warm or cold. A little more time is required when cold water is used, but this plan is much safer than placing the sugar on a stove, for if it is burned the result is pretty sure to be disastrous when the bees take the syrup. A BABYLONIAN INVOICE HE Academy of France, says Harper's Weekly, has received the translation of an inscription on a terra-cotta tablet dis- covered in the ruins of Susa. The in- scription is of the nature of an invoice. In it several antique articles are listed: a leather casque, a cow’s hide, a kid skin, a bronze helmet, a silver helmet, a hatchet, a bow, and a lance. The inscriptions give definite information concerning the quan- tity of bronze and silver used in making the arms mentioned and makes it a simple matter to estimate the cost of the wool used for the uniform of an Elamite warrior of the great Babylonian period. CRAFTSMAN Ti The Best Hard- ware Dealer in Your City ] : . Sells = —— ieee < EEE “© PEARL” ; Before Buying Your Screens See PEARL Wire Cloth Heretofore, you have regarded screened doors, windows and porches as unsightly affairs. "That is because you have been using the old-fashioned, ugly, unsatisfactory painted screening. This year—before you buy screens—see Gilbert & Bennett PEARL Wire Cloth. ; Its beautiful appearance will make you realize why owners of the handsomest residences in America have chosen it above all others for their homes. ‘The very process that gives it the beautiful, pearl- like appearance from which its name is derived makes it practically rust-proof —consequently almost wear-proof, Two copper «wires in the selvage identify the genuine Gilbert & Bennett PEARL Wire Cloth—/ooé for them. GILBERT @ BENNETT WIRE CLOTH For Screening Doors, Windows and Porches In addition to the regular grade of Gilbert & Bennett PEARL Wire Cloth designed for doors and windows, we make an extra heavy, extra strong grade of ‘‘ PEARL”? for porch and door use. See it before buying any other kind. ‘There is no comparison between Gilbert & Bennett’s PEARL Wire Cloth and the common painted screens so universally used. ‘* PEARL”? is so much handsomer and so much less costly in the long run that you can’t afford zof to use it. Architects The best hardware dealer in your city sells Gilbert & Bennett PEARL Wire Cloth, To make sure of the genuine article look for the zwo copper wires in the selvage. Find out about Pearl Wire Cloth. Send us your name and we’ll send full particu- lars and samples. | Write for TheseSamples : and Particulars— Address our Chicago Office! Or—if you prefer—write our Chicago office for samples and complete information. The Gilbert & Bennett Mfg. Co. (Established 1818) CHICAGO - GEORGETOWN, CONN. - NEW YORK CITY - KANSAS CITY, MO. American Homes and Gardens and Scientific American sent to ENGLISH — 7to8feetspecimens, Henry Rot exon ; one address for one year. IVY The Elm City Nursery Co. ew Haren, Dept. 9 onn. $6 so Je (Gs WW JL, AY IR Ib, SY £7 ISE PLANS i jay ‘ THis is a Craftsman house :—durable, beautiful and convenient, with no useless partitions, no waste space, no over-decoration. We design homes of this character for CRAFTSMAN subscribers. Write for free booklet, ‘‘Craftsman Service ror Homebuilders,’’ containing cuts and plans of Craftsman houses. We are prepared to aid in every phase of home-making. The Apel CHAE OMAN: our great homebuilding number in colors, should be in the hands of every homebuilder. ree Bor klet to— Write for the THE CRAFTSMAN, Room 473, 41 West 34th Street. New York City OO OL LD ON Ser ee J a aan << DIAMOND | JUBILEE Roses ireAmateur Two-year-old plants car- ried over winter in cold houses with only sufficient artificial INSEL to exclude severe frost; will give > immediate results. We particularly recommend the Dreer DOVER of Hardy Ever-blooming Hybrid- | Tea Roses; all well-tried varieties which will produce an abundance of flowers to cut until frost. Caroline Testout: solmon-pink; General Mac Arthur: Augusta Victoria: Soft pearly-white, i Well-known, sparklinis, brilliant pink; Konigin Carola: Satiny-rose, six to seven inches across; Lady Ashtown: Soft rose, shading to yellow at base; Mme. Jules Grolez: Attractive satiny china-rose Mme. Leon Pain: Salmony-pink, with orange shading; Mme, Bright satiny rose; Earl of Warwick: Soft Rich crimson-scarlet; HKaiserin shaded cream; Killarney: color; Ravary: Splendid Nankeen-yellow; Prince De Bulgarie: Silvery- flesh, shaded with salmon; Viscountess Foikestone: Creamy-pink, shading deeper at ce ntre. Any of the above in strong, two-year- -old- plants, 50c¢ each. $5.00 for the eairection of 12 varieties; $35.00 per 109. ; For a complete list of roses of all types for garden DREER’ s planting, see Dreer’s Diamond Jubilee G arde n Book, GARDEN Within its pages you will also find all the vegetables, BOOK plants, hardy flowers—everything worth carte Free if you mention this publication. 4 CHESTNUT ST. HENRYA.DREERpuivabevpuia pe NR PN A Jacobean Sofa A charming custom, which is becoming much the vogue, is to furnish different rooms of the home in styles of Furniture prevailing at the different Periods. Every Period is represented in our collection of Period Furniture, and the service of our Designing Department is placed at the dis- posal of those who, not having made a study of the subject, wish expert advice in selecting _ the proper Furniture, Decorations and Pictures to represent the various Periods. We have assembled a collection of exquisite M EC PeS NN RN ee II Ne Oriental Rugs which harmonize with any _ : style furnishing. Your inspection is invited. Inquiries by Mail will Receive Prompt Attention. " { E-DECOR AP, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1913 Plants and Trees FROM FLORIDA For Southern planting outdoors and TRADE MARK for house decoration in the North W E have made a special study of this matter for 30 years and have achieved a success in growing beautiful plants and in delivering them in like beautiful condition to the most distant purchasers. It takes special care and prep- aration to properly pack delicate palms, ferns, etc., to stand a trip of thousands of miles, but we do it—not just once in a while, but a good many times every workday. We issue a large catalog cov- ering all our stock, having 17 ° We Have in immense variety, from all over the tropics, and are con- stantly adding to our variety. Whenever you want a rare (or common) plant or tree merely look in our complete index in catalog, which shouldbe onyour desk or library table for ready reference, and order it by Parcel Post at catalog price, postpaid, Royal-Palm Nurseries REASONER BROTHERS Proprietors JUST PUBLISHED A Complete and Authoritative American Work! special Departments: the plants and trees, etc., are all classified in these Departments, with special notes on hardiness to withstand cold, and when to transplant, and so on, so that a novice ean make intelligent selections for the living-room, conservatory, orchard orgarden. the Stock or, if a large specimen, by Ex- press or Freight. We ship to all our foreign colonies, Mexico, Canada, Europe and all tropical countries, as well as all parts of the United States. On receipt of your request we shall be glad to sendacatalog, and we promise no follow-up literature or pass- ing your name on to other firms. Oneco, Florida Standard Practical Plumbing BY R. M. STARBUCK Author of “‘ Modern Plumbing Illustrated ” etc -, etc. Octavo, (6% x 9% inches), 406 pages, 347 illustrations. Price, $3.00 postpaid. STANDARD | PRACTICAL PLUMBING RM STARBUCK This work is especially strong in its exhaustive treatment of the skilled work of the plumber and commends itself at once to everyone working in any branch of the plumbing trade. to the master plumber, the journeyman plumber and the apprentice plumber. Plumbing in all its branches is treated within the pages of this book, and a large amount of space is devoted to a very complete and practical treatment of the subjects of hot-water supply, circulation and range boiler work. It is indispensable The illustrations, of which there are three hundred and forty- seven, one hundred being full-page illustrations, were made ex- pressly for this book, and show the most modern and best Am- erican practice in plumbing construction. Following is a list of the chapters: I. The Plumber’s Tools. II. Wiping Solder, Composi- tion and Use. III. Joint Wiping. IV. Lead Work. V. Traps. VI. Siphenage of Traps. VII. Venting. VIII. Continuous Venting. IX. House Sewer and Sewer Connections. X. House Drain. XI. Soil Piping, Roughing. XII. Main Trap and Fresh Air Inlet. XIII. Floor, “Yard, Cellar Drains, Rain Leaders, Etc. XIV. Fixture Wastes. * XV. Water Closets. XVI. Ventilation. XVII. Improved Plumbing Con- - nections. MUNN & CO., Inc., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York es XVIII. Residence Plumbing. XIX. Plumbing for Hotels, Schools, Factories, Sta: ” bles, Etc. XX. Modern Country Plumb- ng. XXI. Filtration of Sewage and Water Supply. XXII. Hot and Cold Supply XXIII. Range Boilers; ecules tion. XXIV. Circulating Pipes. XXV. Range Boiler Problems. XXVI. Hot Water for Large Buildings. XXVII. Water Lit and Its Use. XXVIII. Multiple Connections for Hot Water _ Boilers; Heating of Radiation by Supply System. ° XXIX. Theory for the Plumber. XXX. Drawing for the Plum- ber. THE ANNUAL SMALL HOUSE NUMBER VERY year AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS issues in May its Annual Small House Number, increasing the number of its pages in such issues. The next number there- fore will be devoted to many unusually attractive articles on the subject of small houses. This number, forming as it does a special feature of the year’s program for this periodical, will also give special attention to the small garden. The opening article will be adequately illustrated with many half-tones from photographs of actual houses accompanied by diagrams of the various floor plans. ‘The readers of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS will find that the policy of the magazine in showing actual houses in place of the architects’ drawings alone, furnishes the reader with material of far greater interest than could pos- sibly be derived from reproductions of mere wash draw- ings. Various types of small houses will be pictured and a special article will be devoted to the subject of stucco as a building material for the small house. Mr. F. F. Rockwell will contribute an article on ‘Gardens for the Small House,” and the proper site to select for the small house will be the theme of a contribution by Mr. Harold Donald- son Eberlein. Miss Ida J. Burgess will contribute an article on selecting window curtains for the small house. This is a subject that has seldom been treated in so inter- esting and practicable a manner. The article will be well illustrated with reproductions of photographs of actual fabrics and by illustrations of interiors showing attractive curtain arrangements. A small house of stone at James- town, N. Y., will be described and illustrated by exterior views and plans, and also several other attractive houses will be featured. The subject of ‘““Window Boxes” will form one of the most beautiful features in the May num- ber and the ‘Collectors’ Department” will continue to supply readers with much entertaining and valuable material on subjects connected with antiques and curios. For the May number there will be an article on “Old English Map Samplers,” one on “‘Old Lustre-Ware”’ and the second of a series of articles on ‘‘Old Chairs,” an article that will be de- voted to the subject of chairs of Heppelwhite, Chippendale and Sheraton. The departments ‘‘Within the House,” ‘Around the Garden” and “Helps to the Housewife”’ will be continued in the May issue as usual, and the readers of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS cannot fail to feel that with the constructive policy maintained by this magazine every issue will remain one of true value to the home-maker. PARCEL POs! CO. DD. SERVICE N order of the Postmaster General amending the parcel-post regulations of the United States makes possible the collection on delivery of payment for goods sent by parcel-post. The provisions of the new order will go into effect July 1, 1913. The sender of a mailable parcel on which the postage is full prepaid may have the price of the article and the charges thereon collected from the ad- dressee on payment of a fee of 10 cents in parcel-post stamps affixed, provided the amount to be collected does not exceed $100. Such a parcel will be insured against loss, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xill without additional charge, in an amount equivalent to its actual value, but not to exceed $50. The sender of a collect on delivery parcel will be given a receipt showing the office and date of mailing, the number of the parcel, and the amount due him. C. O. D. parcels will be accepted for mail- ing only at a money-order office and when addressed to a money-order office. The C. O. D. tag must show the amount due the sender, the money-order fee necessary to make the remittance, and the total amount to be collected. It should be securely attached to the parcel, which should be numbered to correspond with the tag, stamped C. O. D.., and the charges to be collected plainly written thereon. The parcel will be treated as ordinary mail until it reaches the office of address where, on payment of all charges, it will be delivered to the addressee or, unless otherwise directed by the addressee, to the person, firm, or corporation in whose care it is addressed, or to any responsible person to whom the addressees ordinary mail is customarily delivered. A receipt for the parcel must be obtained on the tag at- tached thereto. No return receipt will be furnished the sender, as the money-order serves that purpose. The addressee will not be permitted to examine the contents of a C. O. D. parcel until it has been receipted for and all charges paid. A parcel may be refused when it is tendered for delivery, but after delivery has been effected it cannot be returned on account of dissatisfaction with the contents or the amount collected. THE SOCIETY FOR THE PRESERVATION ENGLAND ANTIQUITIES HE organization of The Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities marks an important de- parture from the usual form of antiquarian societies. Its object is fully indicated by its name. The most important antiquities to be preserved are houses built in the seven- teenth and eighteenth centuries and in the first years of the nineteenth. The income of the Society, including member- ship dues and income from Life Membership Fund, will be used to obtain possession of the best of them. Each house purchased will be restored, if need be, and whenever feasible let to tenants under proper restrictions for the purpose of obtaining its best care and preservation. Some houses of surpassing interest which may be owned by the Society will probably always be open to the public, and maintained solely as memorials. Eventually it will be the Society’s plan to preserve smaller antiquities in a museum, sectional and national in character, conveniently placed in a fireproof building in Boston. Already the Society has accomplished good work and its future progress will be watched with interest. An article in AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS for March, page 89, ‘““A House in Jamestown, N. Y.,” inad- vertedly referred to the architect, Mr. E. G. W. Dietrich of New York as builder. Mr. Dietrich was not the builder but the architect. In this same issue the article on page 80, ‘““A Country Home at Montclair, New Jersey,” should have given credit to Henry W. Wilkinson, New York, as archi- tect of this house, the country home of Mr. Edmund B. Osborne. OF NEW AED LES), rie ROSE. OUBEN OB GARDENS. . 4... ..i2.0 oes be eceeee iO”. PeSESOAND EIOW BOMGROW “LHEM...¢.5i6hs6 6 co adivwseave’® ANTIQUES UsEpD As LIGHTING FIXTURES ire: WORKSHOP OF A LITERARY MAN....6.. 5.022 e0005000004 SCAEOREDIGIARRIGONRIOUSE 2. 2. occ ee bee eb ges cans ERE MONEE SIUEE© WIRIOSTUNGEETE AONE = a. 9.6. 1 fie Bo ee oe bs Rea bas ce 126-127 _— SRNIMEDEIOUSE, -GARDEN CITY). osseous oc oe ee ee By Harold Donaldson Eberlein 128 SOME EARLY GLASS IN SALEM COLLECTIONS............5.5. By Elizabeth M. Norris 13 LE RES, (GECTECs 0 Re 0, ae re By Mary H. Northend 1239) WITHIN THE House: The “No-Period Style” of Interior Decoration........ By Harry Martin Yeomans 140 AROUND THE GARDEN: AVL UL GG Gace Giielele ard cmc se re oa ee ee 142 HELPs To THE HOUSEWIFE: Sra iG. (COG ah Ans Bec ig ee By Elizabeth Atwood 143 Collectors’ Department New Books Editor’s Note Book oes CHARLES ALLEN MUNN FREDERICK CONVERSE. BEACH President Wy (OL IN| ING Ces (ERO) = , Inc. Secretary and Treasurer Publishers 361 Broadway, New York Published Monthly. Subscription Rates: United States, $3.00 a year; Canada, $3.50 a year. Foreign Countries, $4.00 a year. Single Copies 25 cents. Combined Subscription Rate for “American Homes and Gardens” and the “Scientific American,” $5.00 a year. ight 1913 by Munn &Co.,Inc. Registered in United States Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. The Editor will be pleased to consider all contributions, but “‘American Homes and Gardens" will not hold itself responsible for manuscripts and photographs submitted Graves Photograph by Nathan R Queen of Gardens our affections as the Rose, In me) oO g ) S _ oe OQ, oO o me) ° wn oe none in the world iful flowers Of all beaut AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS By F. F. Rockwell - / Photographs by Nathan R. Graves / Sevevew Stans few people have yet come to realize its won- derful range of adaptability to different pur- poses. The Rose “garden” is only one of the many means of making use of the ever- beloved and glorious Rose. True, in the past, the garden way of growing Roses has held precedence before all others to such an extent that they have been considered merely incidental, and never received the attention which they are now coming to demand. The Rose garden can no longer claim all the attention and cultivation of the real lover of Roses. One of the things that has been effective in bringing about this change is the several new types of Roses which within the past few years have been developed. These newer Roses have differed from their predecessors not so much in blos- soms as in habit of growth and in constitution. Take, to go back a little further in Rose history, for an illustration which will be familiar to all, the introduction of the Crimson Rambler. Not only flower lovers, but the general public was taken by storm, and in the course of a very few seasons you could not pass through the residential section of any town or city without seeing specimens of this grand new climber flaunting their crimson banners from house sides and porches. Almost everybody had it then, and everybody knew it, whereas, two years previous to that, not one person in a hundred, in all probability, could have told zs sh ies ys you the name of any single varietyOf theyClimbing Rose. NEWER TYPES OF ROSES =p | Since then there has not heen se Nae novelty which has created such a great sensation, but there have been others which are really of more worth, and fully as marked departures from previous types. Such,.for instance, is the new climbing Rose, Dr. Van Fleet. While it does not make such a flamboyant display as Crimson Rambler (or its newer forms, such as Philadelphia Rambler, Excelsa, or Flower of Fairfield), it has, nevertheless, besides its fine decorative quality as a plant, the great advantage of being a splendid Rose for cutting, as the stems are good and the flowers keep well. The flowers, many of which are four inches in diameter, are full and heavy, like the garden bush Roses, and of a beautiful soft shell pink. Climbing American Beauty, with its full crimson flowers of large size and fine fragrance (a quality rare in climbing Roses), and Christine Wright, which bears profusely beautiful Wild Rose double blossoms not only in June, but to some extent throughout the season, are other specimens of this fine new class, one of the great advantages of which is that people who have heretofore had no room for Roses’ for cutting, and have had to content themselves with a rambler trained against the house, may now have a Rose suitable for both purposes. Another new type of the climbing Rose is to be found in the single or semi-double flowers of immense size, in such sorts as Silver Moon and American Pillar; the former has flowers of a silvery white, over four inches in diameter, borne Rosa Stylosa is one of the most beautiful of single-flowered varieties 112 very freely on long strong stems; the latter, which is prov- ing to be one of the most popular climbing Roses ever in- troduced, also has single flowers of great size, nearly four inches across, and of a delicate pink with clear white aureole in the center of the blossoms, making a striking and at- tractive contrast. Extreme healthiness and hardiness is another feature of both these splendid varieties. Still another new type of climbing Roses is to be found in Tausendschon (‘thousand beauties”). Its most dis- tinctive feature lies in the remarkable variety of coloring found in the blossoms, which open a soft pink, but change through the different stages of development to various shades of carmine rose and creamy white, even of light yellow, producing a most novel effect. The flowers are very large for a climbing Rose, reaching three inches in diameter, and somewhat open in form. Among the bush or garden Roses a new type has been recently attained in the Pernetianas or Hybrid Austrian Briars. Two of the distinct characteristics of this type are the double or changing colors of the flowers, and the fragrance of the foliage. The plants are very hardy, flower profusely in early Summer and again to some extent in late Summer and Fall. Juliet is the most distinct and deserving of this type so far put out. The flowers are large and full; the inside of the petals is a rich, Rose red, deepening as the petals open, and the outside is a beautiful old gold, the combination proving very effective and elegant. The ‘Baby Ramblers,” while not as new as the types mentioned above, are not yet as widely known as they should be for their many charming and desirable qualities, among which are their profuseness and constancy of bloom. By all means add a few to your Rose garden—or to your flower garden, for that matter. They are de- scribed more fully under Roses for borders. THE MANY USES ROSES While all the above are well worth one’s at- tention and a good deal of extra effort to get pos- session of, the new Roses of regular types and even the old sorts, which re- main unequalled for par- ticular purposes, must not be lost sight of. Rose growers have given most of their attention in re- cent years to the Hybrid Teas, although the hardy climbers, especially dur- ing the last ten years, have come in for their share of development and popularity. But with the great number of uses to which Roses may now successfully be put, and the ever increasing num- ber of varieties to choose from, it becomes more and more necessary to make one’s selection ac- cording to those qualities which make a Rose espe- cially desirable for this or for that purpose. As a guide to the prospective FOR AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Irish Brightness, single Hybrid Tea Rose April, 1913 planter of Roses, whether a beginner or the already happy possessor of some of these queens of the floral world, the material now available is reviewed in the following para- graphs, with cultural hints that will make for success in attaining the particular results desired. ‘The varieties sited are by no means claimed to be the only good ones; in fact, personal taste must be the final arbiter in deciding what's “‘best,’’ but the sorts mentioned have been found to be uni- versally satisfactory, and may be depended on to produce good results. ROSES FOR THE GARDEN This class has, of course, received more attention than any of the others, and for that reason we shall here con- sider it very briefly. (Those who wish a more detailed account of the construction and management of the Rose garden are referred to the April, 1911, issue of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS.) The garden should be located on high ground, where the drainage will be good, and unless the subsoil is sandy or gravelly the bed should be dug out to a considerable depth—two or three feet, loosening up the soil below that with a pick, and filling in some ten inches of broken stone, coal cinders or other rough material, cov- ered with sod or litter to hold the dirt when it is replaced. The bed should be protected from north winds, if possible, and must be out of the shade of, and what is just as im- portant, out of the reach of the hungry roots of large trees. If the soil is not naturally fairly heavy, loam or muck should be added, and the whole well enriched with rotted manure— the upper ten inches of soil, however, being left clean, fine loam, that the Rose roots may be tempted to strike down deep into the soil. The three classes of Roses most used for the garden are the Hybrid Teas, the Hy- brid Perpetuals, and the Teas—of value in the or- der named, exceptthat the Hybrid Perpetuals are the hardiest, and for lo- calities where the Winter is very severe, more prac- tical than the other classes. It should be noted that the Hybrid Perpetuals are xot “‘per- petual” bloomers; the Teas and Hybrid Teas coming nearer to claim- ing that distinction—a fact which makes it well worth while to give them that little extra attention they demand in the way of winter mulching. If the Rose garden is want- ed only to furnish blooms of the finest size and quality, it will have to be handled a little different- ly than where the object is a fine display outdoors, in which case the number of flowers and form of the bushes, as well as the size of the individual flowers, must be taken - into consideration. The following varieties are good for either purpose, but should be treated ac- cording to the end in April, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 113 The Damask York and Lancaster Rose, pale rose or white, is a fragrant Summer bloomer mind, sufficient directions for which will be found below: HYBRID TEAS Bessie Brown, shell pink, large, fragrant, very hardy; Chateau de Clos Vougeot, a new fiery red, fine flowers, blooms all season, exceptionally hardy; General McArthur, one of the most vivid crimson scarlets; Gruss Au Teplitz, ““reddest of all Red Roses,” strong grower; Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, white, shading to lemon, best of its color; Killarney, brilliant pink, very free bloomer and very hardy; La France, clear pink, satiny finish; “‘most popular Rose in the world’; The Lyon, new, deep coral pink, verging to yellow; one of the best Roses in the world; Melody, a splendid yellow, of recent introduction. Mme. Segond Webber, salmon pink, best of its class, fine for cutting; Mrs. daron Ward, deep golden orange, extra free blooming; Otto Von Bismark, soft silver-pink, extra strong; Robert Huey, large, bright red, free and continuous bloomer; W. R. Smith, new ivory white, shaded pink, very fine, extra hardy; White Killarney, pure white, one of the very best. HYBRID PERPETUALS Baron de Bonsetten, very dark crimson, extra large and fragrant; Clio, creamy white, shaded pink, large and fine shape; Frau Karl Druschki, immense, pure snow white, one of the grandest Roses in the world; General Jacqueminot, brilliant scarlet, the old favorite ‘Jack Rose’; George Arends, light pink form of Frau Karl Druschki, very frag- rant, a grand new sort; Gloire de Chedame Guinoisseau, new bright red, extra fine; Magna Charta, old favorite, bright pink, still one of the best; Mrs. John Laing, soft pink, large, fragrant, very hardy; Paul Neyron, dark Rose, the largest of all; Ulrich Brunner, rich cherry red, very free flowering, vigorous, and a thoroughly satisfactory variety. TEAS Etole de Lyon, bright, soft yellow, probably the best of its class; Harry Kirk, deep sulphur yellow, very fine; Maman Cochet, deep coral pink, one of the largest and hardiest Teas; Molly Sharman Crawford, new, large white blossoms, fine for cutting, extra strong plant; Papa Gontier, dark crimson, fine for cutting; Perle des Jardins, clear yellow, best of its class; Safrano, rich saffron yellow, old favorite, but still deservedly popular; Souvenir de Pierre Notting, fine deep canary yellow, very vigorous; Sunset, new deep rich apricot yellow, one of the finest Teas; White Maman Cochet, pure white, extra good. PRUNING One of the most important points in achieving success with garden Roses is the matter of pruning. ‘The first law of pruning is—always cut above an outside eye, a quarter to a half inch from it. The main pruning for garden Roses is done in the Spring. First cut out clean all dead, broken or undesired canes—(1) for largest flowers for cutting, back to 3 or 4 eyes; (2) for a medium number of large flowers, back to 6 or 7 eyes; (3) for natural sized flowers, but the biggest display, cut back only a third to a half, and leave several canes—s to 8—according to the size of the plant. The above is for hardy Roses—the Hybrid Per- petuals. For Hybrid Teas and Teas, prune in the same way, but leave about twice the number of eyes. In cases where the canes have winter-killed too near the ground they should be cut back to live wood, even if only two or three eyes are left. The Hybrid Perpetuals should be pruned March first to April first; the others April first to May first, when the leaf buds begin to start. In either one of these classes the varieties which are held to be the most robust ee: growers should be pruned less than the weaker sorts. GARDEN ROSES FOR FORMAL USE In some instances it is desirable to have Roses fit into a formal landscape or gardenscape, where, in their natural habit, the bedding Roses described above would not add the exact effect desired. For use in such cases, the nursery men train some sorts into what are called ‘‘standards,” or tree Roses. But the ordinary grower does not want to bother with them, for they do not grow the best of flowers, and in climates where the Winters are not mild must be either very carefully protected with straw overcoats, or, what is safer, taken up bodily late in the Fall, and stored in a straw lined trench, covered with a foot of earth. Several of the H. P. and H. T.’s described above may be had in this form. A far more satisfactory way of getting a formal or semi-formal effect with roses is to use the Baby Ram- blers or Polyantheas for edgings or low formal beds. The plants grow but 18 to 24 inches high, and are of the most remarkable, free flowering habit, remaining in bloom until hard frosts. Where taller plants are needed the “pillar” Roses, when trained carefully to upright stakes, may be made to give a precise decorative effect, though, of course, not so trim and formal a one as the “‘standards.” ‘The fol- lowing comprise most of the best sorts in these two classes, although they are being added to constantly, as they are just beginning to come into their own: BABY RAMBLERS Madam Norbert Lavasseur, the baby crimson rambler, very hardy, a great bloomer; Katherine Zeimet, pure white, with conspicuous yellow stamens; Baby Dorothy, bright pink, very floriferous; Mrs. Cut-bush, resembles Lady Gay ram- bler; Anchen Muller, brilliant Rose flowers, with wavy petals; Mrs. Taft, the most brilliant red of its class; George Pernet, pink, with dull yellow shading; Jessie, bright red, with white center; The Orleans, geranium red, with white center; Phyllis, a beautiful cerise pink; Snowball, pure white, in extra large clusters; Perle des Rouges, very deep red, one of the most attractive. ROSES FOR PILLARS American Pillar, enorm- ous single pink flowers, with clear white eye and golden stamens, brilliant red berries; Clothilde Sou- pert, creamy white, ever blooming, very free flower- ing, moderate grower; Mosella, golden to light yel- low, ever blooming; Birdie Blye, bright Rose, semi- double, very fragrant, ever blooming, but needs protec- tion; Gainsborough, \arge, light salmon pink flowers, very fragrant. CLIMBING ROSES It is to this class of Roses only that America can claim - to have added any consider- able share of valuable varie- ties. The Climbing Roses had a long struggle for recognition, but with the in- troduction of Crimson Ram- bler, only nine years ago, they began to win favor, and have gained ground steadily ever since. One of the “secrets” of their great popularity is the amount of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Crimson Rambler is the most familiar climbing Rose April, 1 913 hardship, in the way of both climate and neglect, they will withstand. Another is their very rapid growth—some of them making as much as 20 feet in a single season. The uses to which the Climbing Roses may be put are many, and much more ingenuity than is generally seen dis- played, could be put into operation in devising ways of em- ploying them. First of all, of course, comes the decoration of porches or the side walls of the house. It is a common prac- tice to simply fasten the canes directly against the shingling, or clap-boarding, by means of thongs of leather or burlap passed over them and tacked down at either end. While this is perhaps, temporarily, the easiest way, the plants may be cared for more thoroughly and easily, and will look a hundred per cent. better, if the slight trouble of putting up a suitable support is taken. This can be in the form of a trellis—fan-shaped being preferable—or simply a neat, stout pole or two, to which the long canes may be loosely secured. Another very effective way of utilizing a Climb- ing Rose is to construct a light skeleton framework above a window, and train the canes up to and over this, thus obtaining not only the beautiful bower effect which will result, but an agreeable shade during the Summer as well— the vines, being leafless during the Winter, will cast very little shade at the time when full sunlight is desirable. The Crimson Rambler, already mentioned, is the most familiar example of the hardy Climbing Rose. But even in its own class, though still the most popular, it has been surpassed in two important respects—resistance to disease, and continuity of bloom. Flower of Fairfield may almost be termed as “ever-blooming Crimson Rambler.” Excelsa not only has as good a color as Crimson Rambler, but being a Wichuriana cross, is ‘‘disease proof,’’. and, more- over, has much larger flowers. It is sure to replace to a very great extent all the other crimson colored Ramblers as soon as it becomes better known. Some of the new single Ramblers are more beautiful than the double forms, though not as striking in effect. American Pillar, with flowers of deep pink, with white eye, centered with bright yellow Stamens and four inches across, has already won great popularity. Others of this type are men- tioned further on in this article. The new type of Climbing Roses, with large, hardy, double flowers, born on long stems and very fragrant, suitable, in fact, for cutting as well as mak- ing splendid climbers, will, undoubtedly quickly gain great popularity. The ef- fect they produce, when covered with the large, heavy blossoms is, of course, very different from that of the Rambler type, and in a way much more decorative. This class will prove one of the greatest additions ever made to the well-beloved Rose, and no admirer of the flower should fail to try some of these new claimants for a place of favor among the many others which have al- ready won their places in the hearts of flower lovers. The training of Climbing Se a ie April, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Lacs A Rose-garden is always more attractive when hedged in by shrubbery, giving it the sense of seclusion Roses for trellis and porches is but one of the many uses to which they are well put. There is many a small place where a few dollars spent for light lumber, and a few hours put into the work, would see a neat arch, arbor or pergola completed or well under way. Or second hand gas or water pipe may be used, and with a few new fittings, made into a neat and long lasting support of any form desired. In either case, it will be well worth while to set the bottoms of the supports—wood or iron, as the case may be—in concrete, thus protecting the weak point at which they always first give out. Or it may be desirable, especially where there is no cool, shady place in which to sit in Summer, to take a little more pains and go to the trouble of putting up a small open-work arbor, with seats inside—a cool, breezy little Summer house which will much more than repay the slight cost of its erection every season, for years to come. Such a framework makes an ideal support for Climbing Roses, and now that we are getting ever blooming Climbers, it may be a bower of delight not only in early Summer, but to some extent throughout the season. Besides these various methods of support espe- cially constructed for Climbing Roses, there are in many cases natural ones, waiting but the planting of the bushes to become spots of glory in the Rose season. Some gate- ways are so designed that Roses could be trained over them as they are; others need but the addition of two uprights and a cross piece at the most. And walls and fences, where the right varieties are selected, offer one of the most satis- factory ways of employing the Trailing Roses. The fol- lowing is a list of the best Climbing Roses: RAMBLER ROSES Excelsa, extra strong and hardy, extra large flowers and trusses, best of the Crimson Ramblers; Flower of Fair- field, similar to Crimson Rambler, but has some blossoms after the regular season; Crimson Rambler, very vigorous, large clusters of flaring crimson; Dorothy Perkins, one of the best of the Ramblers, beautiful light pink, very fragrant; White Dorothy Perkins, a pure white form of the above; Yellow Rambler, semi- double yellow flowers, very fragrant; Tausendschon, very unique, extra large hommes, opening pink, changing to carmine rose and creamy white, a grand sort; Lady Gay, delicate cerise pink, very vigorous; Hi- awatha, large single flowers, carmine, with white center, in immense sprays, one of the most brilliant of all Roses; De- light, very similar to above, but not so bright. NEW CLIMBING ROSES Climbing American Beauty, extremely hardy and vigor- ous, flowers of splendid size, color and fragrance, ever blooming; Dr. W. Van Fleet, flowers beautiful pink, very full, 4 inches in diameter, scented, borne on large stiff stems; Oritine Wright, immense double flowers of wild rose pink, very free bloomer, with some flowers throughout en- tire season, very strong grower; Silver Moon, silvery-white flowers, semi-double, striking golden stamens, over 4 inches in diameter, borne on long stems, very free flowering; Wich- moss, Climbing Moss Rose, attractive, semi-double flowers of rosy white, borne in small clusters. HARDY TRAILING ROSES Gardenia, fragrant yellow flowers, freely borne; Ruby Queen, large double ruby flowers, with white center; Man- da’s Triumph, “double memorial,” small, pure white flow- ers, very fragrant; Universal Favorite, fragrant, double pink, similar to above; Wichuriana, the old favorite ‘‘me- morial,” single white flowers, fragrant, very hardy. CARE OF CLIMBING ROSES The hardy Climbing Roses do not need nearly as severe 116 AMERICAN treatment in the way of pruning as the garden sorts do—in fact, one of the great differences between them is that the former flower on old wood, while the latter do not. ‘This makes it desir- able to prune them right after the flowering period. Cut back the canes only about one-fourth their length; and also prune any that may rub together or make the plant unsymmetrical. As they grow older, the main canes become gradually of less use for flowering and should be occasionally cut out, before they are actually dead, to make place for new growth. One of the commonest mistakes in the handling of Climbing Roses, is to let the new growth reach full size and then attempt, with many prickings and not infrequently, if the sad truth be told, without some petulance, to tie up the whole ungainly affair. Just get them started right, and this work, if attended to regularly, will almost take care of itself, and the results will be very much better. Many of the Climbing Roses, especially of the less vigorous sorts, do best when trained loosely to stakes or “pillars.” Do not let them grow straight up from the root, as this allows all the sap to flow too freely to the top, so that the bottom part of the cane is denuded. About a foot from the ground bend the cane at right angles and then bend it up again in the direction desired. The Hybrid Sweet Briars (Lord Penzance Hy- brids), are also excellent to use in this way. They form a very novel, beautiful class, with which every grower of Roses should become familiar. They should not be pruned at all—just cut out enough wood to keep the plants from becoming too crowded. ROSES FOR HEDGES AND SHRUBBERY Yet another use for the ever adaptable Rose is in the formation of hedges, and as single specimens on the lawn or among the shrubbery. The first requisite for Roses for such service must be hardiness, and this charac- teristic is found to the great- est extent in the Rugosas. These common forms of the Rugosa—single flowers of glossy crimson and_ pure white—somewhat resemble Wild Roses, except that they Ace Much lancer. ae Whey, bloom most of the Summer, and in Autumn and early Winter are still beautiful, with the large bright red pips. For their foliage alone they would be well worth planting; it 1s a very dark, glossy green, always a dense mass, and of extreme hardi- ness. [he double forms are even more beautiful, and make the very best of all Roses for use as single speci- mens on the lawn, where the common garden Roses are HOMES AND GARDENS La France” A Rose surrounded sundial is a feature worth emulating April, 1913 very likely to fail, if tried. The Rugosa (or Ramanas) Roses are not only extreme- ly hardy, but require the least of care. I know of one bank of them, put in for a screen, which has not been touched either in the way of cultivation or pruning, for years, and yet every Sum- mer brings a most generous supply of large, handsome flowers, followed by gigantic crimson seed ‘‘apples.” But for best results they should be pruned by cutting out each year a number of the older canes, and shortening the others back a few inches. They need no supports and will thrive under almost any condi- tions which may be imposed upon them. The Sweet Brier and Sweet Brier Hybrids, are also good for this purpose. They cannot well be used as a hedge unless some support is given; but where a tall screen is wanted, and a wire fence with the strands two feet or so apart, can be used to train them to, nothing better can be found. The following Roses for hedges and landscape effects are recommended: RUGOSA ROSES Single Rugosa, large single flowers in clusters, perpetual flowering, two colors, glossy crimson and pure white; Nova Zembla, large double white flowers, with pink blush, 6 feet high, fine shrub; Blanc de Coubert, very large flowers, pure, glistening white, shapely bush; Sir Thomas Lipton, pure white and very fragrant; Magnifica, large double flowers, brilliant carmine; Conrad F. Meyer, large, silvery Rose, very fragrant. HYBRID SWEET BRIERS Refulgence, enormous flowers of bright scarlet, borne in large, loose clusters; Brenda, deep, creamy pink, a great favorite; Meg Merrilies, deep crimson, extra free flowering and strong; Lord Penzance, delicate buff shading to lemon yellow at center. GENERAL CARE OF ROSES Roses are sent out in the Spring in two forms—grow- ing potted plants, with the foliage, well started; and ‘dormant roots,” which look as dead as door nails when you get them, but are ready to break into vigorous life when the proper conditions for growth are furnished them. Every effort should be made to have the ground ready when the plants arrive that they may be set out at once. ‘The first precaution in planting Roses is not to let the roots dry out. Get everything ready before- hand, and keep the roots wrapped in wet moss while you are planting, or have the balls of earth thoroughly soaked before setting out. The second is to set the plants in firmly. Loose planting is the cause of most (Continued on page 142) April, 1913 or et a ~ The exterior of this house, the reside AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS nce of Dr. C. M. Holden of Scarsdale, New York, is one of the most interesting in its vicinity ee le Le x. NS et PO AWS >, Sad a A Home in the Westchester Hills By Morgan R. Burroughs Photographs by T. C. Turner aIHE pleasing quaintness of the home of Dr. 41 C. M. Holden, at Scarsdale, N. Y., from the plans by Messrs. Waid and Williams, architects, New York, is largely the result of a consistent and careful following of the work of the early Dutch builders in and around New York. The gambrel-roof is of course the most conspicuous architectural achievement of these early settlers from Holland, who built their homes with a severe and classical simplicity which was beautiful in itself. Many modern architects who essay the use of the gambrel-roof are unfortunately very likely to err by introducing into the composition various ornate features which are almost cer- tain to destroy the simple grace and dignity which the con- sistent and success- ful use of the gambrel-roof__re- quires. Of course, in planning a home for a suburb of New York of to-day, one could hardly be Plan of the first floor bound by the hard and fast rules of what may have been pleasing to the Dutch burghers of two centuries ago. The early settlers seem to have required no windows in the upper story save those which could be conveniently and economically placed in the gable ends of their houses, while present day ideas of comfort and sanitation demand that dormer windows be added. ‘Then, again, the early Dutch housekeeper did not consider a broad veranda absolutely essential to the comfort of her family, while no architect would dare to design a suburban home in this present age without an ample veranda for Summer use. The architects of this country home therefore seem to have caught something of the point of view of these early builders and have planned these modern utilities in prob- ably just the way in which the old set- tlers would have done, which means that they have pro- duced an _ exterior which fulfills every modern demand without — sacrificing Plan of the second floor 118 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1913 The illustration to the left shows a view of the living-room, that to the right, a view of the dining-room to any noticeable extent the spirit of the old order of things. A study of the floor diagrams and the pictures of the interior shows that a much wider departure from tradition has been made for the entrance hall, which opens into the dining-room, and the living-room at the right and left leads into a small library, one entire side of which is planned as an oval. The chimney, with its broad bulk of stone, which stands at one end of the structure, makes possible a fire- place upon the veranda as well as another at one end of the long living-room. Another stone chimney at the opposite end of the house contains the fireplace for the dining-room and also serves for the domestic uses of the kitchen. The stairway is placed with due regard for economy of The road-front of the Holden house presents one of its most attractive exterior views space, and it leads to the bedroom floor, where the rooms for family, for guests and for servants are arranged in array which adds greatly to their convenience. The unusually high pitch of the roof has made possible an old-fashioned garret under the ridge pole and lighted from small windows at either end, and the home is set in a grove of old trees, which do much to heighten its old time atmosphere. The grounds about this picturesque country home are surrounded by a trimmed hedge of California Privet, and the driveway, which leads to the entrance, is outlined by Barberry, the low shrub which retains its bronze and brown leaves and brilliant red berries far into the Winter season. April, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 119 Candelabra of the Renaissance period have been effectively employed in the lighting scheme Antiques Used as Lighting Fixtures By Robert H. Van Court HE decorative value of antiques is appreci- used would be inadequate to our modern demand. This ated now as never before and the treasures problem is often solved by the actual use of old lighting of this kind, which we may be fortunate fixtures which have been re-fitted to serve a practical as enough to possess, are often the most well as an ornamental purpose or by adapting to this pur- precious of our household adornments. Our pose other objects not intended for this use. taste in matters of domestic decoration 1s No one style of domestic architecture is so popular with broad and eclectic; we seize upon the us, perhaps, as what we call “Colonial” picturesque and beautiful of every age j ; and in homes of this character the old and country and adapt it to our require- furnishings of the period, which are still ments and the fitting of these examples often to be had, very naturally find a of old craftsmanship into modern sur- place. Lighting fixtures of early Ameri- soundings sometimes produces very in- can days were either candlesticks or oil teresting results. The tendency at pres- lamps and housekeepers of that period ent is to plan our interiors so that one seem to have placed unusual value upon period or style may be consistently fol- their girandoles, lamps and candlesticks lowed rather than to arrange together of various kinds which were of unusual many objects, all beautiful in them- beauty and luxury for much of the best selves, but having very little in common. designing and workmanship of the time This growing taste and discrimination was upon lighting fitments for domestic in planning effects has naturally in- purposes. These old Colonial treasures creased the demand for lighting fixtures are being arranged for modern use and to agree with the decorations and fur- some suggestions regarding their adapta- nishings of the periods in which the tion to present day conditions may be rooms are designed and sometimes ar- helpful. rangements for artificial illumination In placing these old-time lighting fix- must be provided for situations where tures in our homes provision must be such lighting was either not contem- ee eee oo made, of course, for altered conditions. plated or where such illumination as was Ceremonial lanterns used as lighting fixtures Ihe source of artificial lighting in early 120 American days was either the candle, whale oil, or what was known as astral oil. Burners for use with these oils are now no longer obtainable and although the use of kerosene in old lamps is pos- sible, if modern burners be used, it is seldom really satisfactory. The oil for which the lamps were made was heavy and slow burning and a receptacle which would hold a supply sufficient for many hours holds barely enough kerosene for one evening’s use. The fitting of old candlesticks and lamps for electricity is, of course, quite simple and their use is easy to arrange if one’s home be pro- vided with electric current. Great in- genuity has been employed in inventing all kinds of devices for using electricity for lighting purposes, and many of these clever arrangements are helpful to one who is using these old-time Colonial treasures to furnish light for a modern American home. Lamps and girandoles, which are made in sets of two or three, are not intended to be frequently moved from the mantels where they are usually placed; they are therefore almost always connected by wires with the nearest “plug,” or sometimes a mantel is provided with two or three such plugs, if the use of the mantel lamps or candelabra has been planned for. Portable lamps and smaller candlesticks are often arranged for electricity, and are provided with a socket, which may be attached to an electric light plug anywhere, and the cost of this is very moderate if the necessary wiring be done at the time the entire house is being fitted for electric lighting. Those who possess old candelabra and lamps and wish to use them for practical lighting should remember that their grace and beauty may be easily injured by the alterations necessary to make them useful under present conditions. The old de- signers were men of keen ios judgment and_ perception Pe where form and line were concerned. Their lamps and candlesticks were very care- fully studied and just enough decoration was used _ to create the artistic effect which the trained eye of the designer saw was required. Their candelabra and lamps were often fitted with prisms of glass, either plainly cut or adorned with designs more or less elaborate, but quite as often lamps were de- signed without these prisms, and many a fine old lamp or set of girandoles has been spoiled by the unwise addi- tion of these prisms where their use was never intended. Then again their lamps were almost always used with cut glass shades or globes, sometimes very rich- ly decorated, and designed to allow for the projection of the lamp chimney a few inches above the shade to give the correct balance of Pal AMERICAN HOMES AND German antler candle-light used for a modern fixture Antiques as lighting fixtures are appropriate for a room of this sort GARDENS April, 1913 detail which careful designing demands. Candlesticks were also planned for the use of the verticle dimension of the candle, and it would be well in fitting these old lamps and candelabra for elec- tric lighting to make use of some meth- od by which a lamp chimney may be retained for effect in the case of a lamp or some imitation of a candle in the case of a candlestick or of candelabra. Unless this be considered the result from an artistic point of view is apt to fall short of what it might be. As one might suppose, old lighting fixtures from Europe are skillfully adapted to modern use and their grace contributes very largely to the beauty of any interior in which they are placed. Designers of the Renaissance planned much the same lamps, candlesticks, torches or candelabra for use in church or palace, although we associate their work with ecclesiastical rather than with domestic usage. The torches or lanterns which are still used in the ceremonies of religion were once carried before civil as well as ecclesiastical dignitaries, and the few in use in American homes have been wired for lighting halls and other large rooms of a somewhat formal nature, for their use demands surroundings and other furnishings of an equally luxurious character. Candlesticks of Italian design and made of metal, wood or composition, are very useful and are very easily fitted for practical use. The smaller ex- amples placed upon mantels or upon tables, where they are used as reading lamps, are provided with “‘bandbox”’ shades made of brocade, shirred silk or filet lace over a foundation of colored material, or else the shades are made of old French prints pieced together with narrow galloons of gilt or silver and the entire shade then lined with some light colored fabric to reflect the light. Larger candlesticks which are usually placed upon the floor are often pro- vided with an imitation, in wood or porcelain, of a tall candle, at the end of which is placed an electric bulb of ground glass similar in shape to the flame of a candle. These tall candlesticks, which are usually of wood or metal, gilded or silvered, are placed at either side of man- tels or doors or in other places where their formal character is in keeping with the rest of the furnishings. Old brackets or wall lights of Italian design are also used for electric lighting. They are sometimes of metal, but more frequently of wood or composition carved or modeled, and elaborately colored and gild- ed, and fitted with imitation candles or small bead coy- ered bulbs. It is very diff- cult to obtain more than one or two of these bracket lights April, 1913 Antique brackets fitted for electric bulbs of the same pattern, and very frequently one old light will be used as a copy from which as many as necessary may be made. Antique altar lamps of silver or brass, or some- times of wood covered with gold or silver leaf, are very useful for lighting studios or other large rooms which are sufficiently lofty to afford a suitable setting. The electric bulbs which supply the light are covered by large globes of crystal beads, which are arranged or hung in the lamps in various ways. The wires which carry the electric current are twisted among the chains by which the lamps are sus- pended. In many old mediaeval baronial halls, particularly in Germany, the lighting is extremely picturesque and decora- tive, and is supplied by candelabra either fastened to the wall or suspended from the ceiling. These candelabra are made of the horns of the deer or a certain kind of moun- tain goat, or of the antlers of the moose. The hanging candelabra generally include a figure of carved and gilded woods—a mermaid or Brunhilde or some legendary hero or heroine. In their original setting they were fitted with small iron sockets for candles or tallow dips, but their use for electricity is very easily arranged and is made pos- sible by using very small imitation candles or small electric bulbs, the wires for which are concealed in the antlers or horns. Such candelabra could hardly be used, of course, in any but a suitable setting, but for rooms which permit of such informal treatment nothing more decorative could be imagined. The quaint hanging candelabra from Holland on Flanders, and the particularly interesting synagogue lamps which are occasionally to be had, and which are sometimes found in American homes, are very successfully applied to modern uses, and their use is in keeping with almost any but the most strictly formal interiors. Besides these lighting fittings from Europe there are in many homes other old treasures from the continent which have been adapted to this purpose with results which are very interesting and helpful in that they may suggest similar uses for other things. Objects of metal may sometimes be made into lighting fitments of wonderful beauty, and we know of one very successful dining-room fitted with dark carved woods in the style of the Flemish Renaissance where the lighting is from groups of electric lights placed in the wall and covered by the lids of old brass warming pans, which are richly etched, chiseled and pierced. The softly polished metal has the dark wood as a background and the light appears through the perforations of the brass. Great is the variety of antiques which are available, or which we may already possess, that a little ingenuity in planning such lighting may produce results which will be astonishing, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS I2I for there seems to be no end to the effects which may be obtained by combining the beauty of design and workman- ship of older times with the easily handled source of light which electricity supplies. With antiques from the Oriental countries, India, China and Japan, there is an almost bewildering variety of effect which may be secured, although with these treasures the actual lighting must often be concealed. ‘This is in many cases highly desirable, particularly for illuminating con- servatories and verandas, or where out of door lighting is desired, as in gardens or upon lawns. Carved panels of metal or marble or of wood which are often gilded are useful as well as extremely decorative when set in walls with the light diffused through their carved openwork. Old Chinese or Japanese prints upon silk or other fabrics suf- ficiently strong are very useful when mounted upon stretch- ers and placed over clusters of electric bulbs. Ancient bronze lanterns are used in many different ways and are easily adapted for modern use, and the same is true of the old stone lanterns which come from Japan or China. These lanterns of bronze or stone have never been ‘“‘collected” to any great extent, so that many very beautiful antique ex- amples are still to be had at prices by no means excessive. Old bronze statuary can often be utilized as lighting fixtures which are unexpectedly successful, and this is particularly true of antique bronzes in the form of dragons and serpents. In one American home a huge dragon of Japanese bronze had long been the despair of its owner; its size and clumsi- ness seemed to preclude its ever being of any practical value until ingenuity provided a use for it. Placed among the ferns and foliage of a conservatory, its eyes and huge open mouth pour forth a flood of golden light produced by in- candescent lamps in yellow ground glass bulbs. Mistakes may be made, of course, in decoration, as in anything else, and though success may not always attend the use of these old time furnishings, the results are usually satisfactory to homemakers so fortunate as to have the treasures at hand. antiques used as electric fixtures 122 BEET AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1913 The painting over hes pe is attributed to Murillo and is a Foe: of great beauty and interest The Workshop of a Literary Man By Berwyn Converse o meee LMOST every one is interested in being per- "edk\| mitted to have glimpses of the workrooms or studies of literary men and women who have made their mark in the world of letters, for it is supposed that one’s work is, in a large measure, influenced by the surround- ings in which it is done. This may account for the interest, which is not after all merely one of idle curiosity. The photographic reproductions accompanying this article illustrate two rooms in the bachelor quarters of a well- known dramatist whose apartment is one of the most inter- esting in New York. So situated, that during a large part of the day the rooms are flooded with sunlight from windows facing east and south, the location lends much to their ar- rangement. The rooms being a literary workshop are filled with the implements and tools of the craft in the form of books, manuscripts, letter files and scrap-books, and are also adorned with paintings by the old masters—-one of them a Murillo—etchings and engravings, miniatures and auto- graphed portraits and the delightful horde of treasures one who has what might be called the “‘collecting instinct” is always sure to accumulate upon his travels and keep near at hand when at home for his own pleasure and for the delecta- tion of his fellow-connoisseurs. The little study, which is illustrated upon this page, has been finished in woodwork of dark oak, and the walls were covered with ingrain paper of a golden brown tint, which serves admirably as a background for the objects upon the walls. The waxed hardwood floor, dark brown in tone, is covered with a single Oriental rug or great beauty, and the furniture, which is exceedingly simple, has been stained black to harmonize with the woodwork in mantel, door and window-frames. By closing a doorway and placing over it an old embroidery, space has been made for two bookcases; which are arranged at either side of a broad, flat-topped desk lighted by a large study-lamp with a domed shade. Just above the desk is hung an old painting framed in dull gilt. The picture repre- sents the Holy Family and is attributed to Murillo. This was a favorite subject with the Spanish master, and he painted it a great number of times. One entire side of this little study is filled with a group of windows which face south. The long, straight draperies over the sash-curtains are of Chinese embroideries, and squares of Chinese and Japanese brocades showing here and there threads of gold in the silken textures of dark-toned body colors are made into cushions generously distributed upon the deep seat placed within the window-recess. Opening by wide folding doors from ‘dhe study is another room, which might be called a combination dining-, and music- April, 1913 room. A grand piano is so placed that by day the light from two windows is thrown upon the music, and at night a portable electric lamp may be so arranged that its light is cast directly upon the music-rack, leaving the rest of the room in soft shadows. The ebony of the piano supplies the key-note for the coloring in the room, for all the woodwork here has been painted black and rubbed down to a soft and lustreless surface, which is the finish of most of the furniture. The walls are paneled with deep blue burlap, almost black, and this dark background affords a wonderful setting for old brocades and embroideries in gold and dull yellows, which are used as window-hangings, an unusually fine Chinese rug of golden brown and old blue, and a _ beauti- ful old Flemish candelabrum of brass, which is hung from the ceiling at the center of the room. More tones of yellow and old gold are supplied in the shades of lamps and sconces; the little corner cupboard is filled with Chinese porcelain, some fine bits of real old medallion ware being guarded by the glass doors with their black woodwork. One wall of this room is hung with illuminations from old missals, and their rich coloring lends a brilliant note to the dull wall surface. A Cingalese rattan chair is seated with a cushion of gold and blue, and over the back is thrown a leopard-skin, the black and yellow of which ht into the coloring of this beautiful room. Various small tables hold the smoking things usually to be found in a man’s apartment, and by the door a golden gate-leg table is used for the serving of meals. The secret of the beauty of this consistent and tastefully furnished little bachelor abode may be found in the fact that the plan throughout calls for the use of colors which harmonize. How often one sees rooms | Agate Qpeeyer Qtr fee Although a small room, a sense of spaciousness has been AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 123 which are so connected that they form practically one large room, but which are so decorated that the effect is that of discord—each room detracts from the beauty of the others. he result is that each room is a unit to itself and is ar- ranged wholly without reference to its surroundings. In this instance, however, the study has been furnished in the softest of golden browns with hangings chiefly of old blue, and the music-room which adjoins and which is connected with the study by a wide opening is fitted with dull blue-black relieved by different shades of yellow and old gold, and the result is that each room gains by the beau- tiful and careful planning of the other. The obtaining of successful results in decoration depends upon the observy- ance of a few very important fundamental principles which are so obvious and so easily understood that it is a thousand pities they are not more generally obeyed. Aided by their precepts, even the simplest rooms in a house or a city apart- ment may afford an example of harmony of contrast instead of what is in so many instances a discordant assemblage of colors which are so at variance that they produce nothing but complete lack of repose upon which so large a part of consistent decoration absolutely depends. The little apart- ment is complete in every detail, and beyond the two living- rooms which we have described are pantry, kitchen and two bedrooms. One of these rooms is for the use of a man- servant, and the bedroom of the master of the house is fitted up with studied simplicity. Woodwork, furniture, wall and floor-coverings are in various tones of gray. All of the rooms open into a little hall, where the walls are closely hung with old prints and engravings, framed autograph letters and many other objects rich in association. Ba es attained here by the exercise of good taste ‘gga AMERICAN HOMES AND The old Garrison house at Newburyport, Manachusers: ected iia 1650 GARDENS April, 1913 The Old Garrison House By Mary H. Northend Photographs by the Author CFORLUONOAT ON ERE and there throughout New England, hidden from view behind the wide-spreading branches of great trees, or dominating a grassland space at the end of a winding by- way, one comes across an old-time homestead that preserves intact its early features, and stands an expression of past simplicity, most alluring in its picturesqueness. Such a dwelling is the Garrison House at Newburyport, Mas- sachusetts, a house that embodies in its con- struction principles radically different from those shown in any other old home, por- traying a type of architecture not found anywhere else. It is generally thought to have been erected in the first half of the seventeenth century, but by whom is not definitely known. Some authorities claim that it was constructed by John Spencer the younger, while others contend that it was built by John Spencer the elder. In all probability it was built by the younger Spencer, though it is possible it may have been commenced by Spencer the elder, and finished by the younger Spencer, who succeeded to his ara an hall property. In 1651, the dwelling was disposed of to Daniel Pierce, in whose family it remained until 1770, when it came into the possession of Nathaniel Tracy, who occupied it until his death in 1796. The next owner was Captain Offin Boardman, who lived here nearly twenty years, and in the year 1813 it was sold at auction to one John Pet- tingill, after whose death it came into the possession of his four daughters. About 1851, Mr. Edward H. Little hired the house and farm, and ten years later he purchased it. It is still in the possession of his family. In its location, the old dwelling is most fortunate. Broad sweeps of grassland, dotted here and there with beautiful trees, surround it on all sides, and in the distance, stretching as far as the eye can discern is the sea. [he estate, of which it is a part, is of large proportions, far removed from the highway, and the approach is along a nar- row lane that diverges from the main road half a mile south of Oldtown church. In appearance the house is wholly unchanged from the date of its erection. Despite its ‘age, it gives no hint of decay, and were it not for the unmistakable signs of antiquity April, 1913 evident in the bricks and plaster, the great square chimney, and other features, one might reasonably doubt the date of construction assigned to it. It is built of granite varied with other kinds of stone, in- terspersed with brick, the stone originally thickly cov- ered with plaster, which is now crumbling = away. Climbing vines relieve the sombre grayness of the gen- eral appearance, and com- bine with the grassland sur- roundings to add a note of color and beauty that throws into relief the fine lines of construction. In build the dwelling is [ shaped, with a room opening on either side of the hall, and another at the rear. A wooden addition, built by Captain Boardman for the benefit of his second wife, who was an invalid and who deemed it unhealthy to live between stone walls con- stantly, joins the main structure at the western end, follow- ing in contour the same simplicity of design, and at the rear of the eastern end are the old tenant apartments, now used as servant's quarters. Complete, the exterior presents a series of interesting features. At the rear is the great chimney, ten feet wide at the base, showing in its construction most unusual ideas that render it unlike any of its contemporaries, while at the front is the porch, quaint and dignified, with arched door- ways and windows, and just above the main entrance a small niche, where once a tiny statue may have stood. ‘The windows are other interesting details, and with the main features combine to emphasize the quaintness of the whole. The porch in its build is most attractive. Artists from all over the world have delighted to sketch it, and by con- noisseurs it is considered the best specimen of its period extant. It is built of bricks, with flooring of square tiles, and the arch above the doorway is finished with bricks rounded at the edges, probably brought from England as they are wholly unlike those made in the colonies. The outer porch door shows novelty in its arrangement, inasmuch as it is divided in the center horizontally, each section opening independently of the other. At one time the upper section was undoubtedly protected by an inner shutter, suspended from the ceiling, for the old hinges are still to be seen, and the marks of the pulley through which the cord used to raise and lower the shutter run, are like- Lawn-front entrance AMERICAN HOMES SEEKS NT The dining-r AND GARDENS 125 wise discernible. The door swings on _ hand-wrought iron hinges, twenty-four inches in length, matching in their massiveness the porch walls which are two feet thick. Through this doorway the porch proper is reached, still showing suspended from its ceiling the leather fire- buckets used when hand engines were in _ vogue. ‘ From an inner door access pea ; is gained to the hallway, an | apartment _ considerably broader than it is deep, with stairway rising in two turns, 0 directly in front of the en- trance, its back wall formed of the brickwork of the chim- ney. In build this hallway is wider than the type usually found in houses of this period, but it is possible that this may be due to an extension at some time later than the date of construction. The hand rail and balusters are quaintly turned, and the woodwork throughout the apartment is rather elaborate in its nature. An interesting fact in con- nection with the staircase is that the carpenter who built it received for his pay instead of money, eight acres of land on the main street. To the right of the hall leads an apart- ment, nineteen feet square, with walls thirty inches thick— the depth of the walls in all the rooms of the main portion. This is what was originally the old parlor. Great oak beams supporting the chamber floors, show plainly here, though their rough hewing is now hidden from view with sheathing. At one side is the original fireplace, topped with a mantel of simple construction, and other interesting fea- tures are the deep seats beneath the quaint small-paned windows. Opposite this room is what was once the inner kitchen, now used as a living-room. Over the hearth the old brick oven is still in evidence, and up to fifty years ago the inner walls of this room were not lathed, the plaster being put directly on the stone. Like the old parlor, the ceiling here is crossed with heavy beams, and the windows are shuttered with the same quaint blinds and equipped with the same deep seats. The furnishings here are wholly antique, as are the furnishings throughout the house, and include some espe- cially rare pieces. The present parlor, like the other main rooms, is typically old-fashioned, and the fine features with which it is pro- vided afford a suitable background for the old equipment. ASL oO AMERICAN HOM © ee a o —* om = ee ‘ =e | q Gay | HE illustrations here pre to display the manner 11 t a study well worth while. In an € the subject of collecting, G. M. Vz as follows: ‘‘We love our old pos: improbably) they would fetch lar; speak to us of the long distant handled them, of the little children (new then) and gazed with intent women on the oriental porcelain. ar} tunes on the fine old glass runne ment, gave out such lovely musical things coul peeee _ertoeg eee _@"5 ~~ thralling th tell us, an again with t happy or sc or brilliant, pestuous, ha AND GARDENS he F hid iy oo A kk a td ft ee ete concn © j > | See @) JOS IN THE H -d to the reader have been selected chantiques and curios can be made use interior, Their relationship to may be seen at a glance, and forms aining and instructive volume on the author, has occasion to reflect as not because possibly (but most ms at Christie’s, but because they of those who once looked at and ran about the old tables and chairs, 1 eyes at the quaint little men and @ a great treat were allowed to ring ich, to their unbounded astonish- s... If only these old inanimate a., what en- they could could live ewhose lives, ul, obscure ful or tem- } vanished.” = ae ee St pg AMERICAN HOmegs AND GARDENS (Of commer: (C0) =)HE illustrations here presented t reader have been selected to display the manner in which antiques and curios can be made to add an interest to the house interior, Their relationship to ation in modern homes may be seen at a glance, and forms In an entertaining and instructive volume on the subject of collecting, G. M. Valois, the or, has occasion to reflect as follows: ‘‘We love our old possessions n g (but most improbably) they would fetch large sums at C s, but because they speak to us of the long distant past, of those who once looked at and handled them, of the little children who ran about the old tables and chairs, (new then) and gazed with intent round eyes at the quaint little men and women on the oriental porcelain, and as at treat were allowed to ring tunes on the fine old glass runners which, to their unbounded astonish- ment, gave out such lovely musical notes. . . If only these old inanimate things could t en- thralling things they could tell us, and we could live again with those whose lives, happy or sorrowful, obscure or brilliant, peaceful or : pestuous, have all vanished.’” 1 ATV Ailit ram) | ee 128 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Re sl April, 1913 “Wye House,”’ an attractive country home in Garden City, Long Island, New York “Wye House, ’ Garden City By Harold Donaldson Eberlein Photographs by T. C. Turner enuaeemeeneness EREDIT Y is*a very real thing. It matters ROA dal| not how much we habitually disregard it, it matters not how much some folk scoff and make light of its potency, it is a force that has to be reckoned with sooner or later. It not only affects us and our outlook upon life, it also influences the styles we follow and even the very pat- tern of the houses we live in. “Wye House,” a singularly attractive and engaging home in Garden City, Long Island, designed by the late Luther Birdsall, happily unites in its make-up several strains of heredity, tradition or whatever you may please to call it. In its general outward aspect, and also in some of its fea- tures within, it combines the traits of at least two older | LALUNTRY ol DINING POOM RAN. CO ‘ VERANDD : WING POM PANTRY L apy rq SHITGHEN 7 = SZDELY LIGRARY First floor plan houses, one of them the ancient homestead of the occupants, an ample dwelling built at Oyster Bay about 1663, the other also a family house in the same place, scarcely less venerable in age. Even the base of the sundial in its garden of deliciously old-fashioned flowers was once a highwater mark by the Sound. Its name comes from the older ‘“‘Wye,”’ deservedly famous on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. The grounds of ‘“‘Wye House” are bounded on the north by a dense row of lofty spruces, pines and hemlocks while beyond and high above their tops rises the graceful shaft of the cathedral spire. East, west and south the outlook is comparatively open and the view unobstructed over a wide stretch of the dun-colored Hempstead Plain—it were much better called Hempstead Heath or give> its old FASSALE yx Second floor plan April, 1913 name, Salisbury Plain. De- spite their monotony these plains, covered with long, dry, tawny grass, have a beauty of their own, a beauty best appreciated, perhaps, from the edge of a great field of turnips or cabbages with the distant cathedral spire cutting into the evening sky against .a glorious strip of hazy golden sunset glowing beneath huge fluffy banks of Ruysdael or Hobbema clouds. The sight really transports one almost bodily to Holland and only windmills are lacking in the landscape. The atmosphere of Garden City, however, is not at all Dutch but rather English with its bishops, deans, canons and chapters so that, at times, one quite fancies himself living in the pages of one of Anthony Trollope’s Barchester novels. But all this talk of cabbages, cathedral spires and sunsets is not describing ‘““Wye House,” however much of a setting it may give. Let us, therefore, back to our muttons. Just before turning into the driveway, we catch our first glimpse of a long, gray-shingled house with a gambrel roof and the second floor overhanging the first in the man- ner of some old New England houses, a manner borrowed in turn by the early Colonial worthies from the half-tim- bered dwellings they knew so well in Old England before their departure hither. The three square, sturdy, gray stone chimneys that surmount the roof impart an air of well-anchored solidity to the structure while, on the other hand, any sense of undue heaviness would be allayed by the jaunty “kick-up” of the roof at the eaves. The long slant of the tops of the dormers, merging into the roof just at the gambrel joint, preserves the harmony of line and avoids any suggestion of fidgety unrest—a common failing with dormers. Barge-boards, cornices, window-sashes and frames and all other trims are white while the shutters are green so that, with the weather- stained face of the shingles, the building presents an agreeable and restful color scheme 0° gray, white and green. .e whole aspect of the h | as regards color- ine osition of mass and arrangement of fenestra- is” straightforward and emomsome. There are plenty of windows so that th< house looks wide awake, th_y are of generous dimen- s.ons and their placing truly reflects a simple and sensible inside plan. The shutters are of so unusual a pattern that they deserve a word in passing. As may be seen, each one is divided vertically AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The hallway ciielveraicanendiar meg as alain 129 into three panels, the lower solid, the middle with moy- able slats and the upper pierced with narrow, slant- ing crescent slits. From the wide Dutch door beneath the Wistaria- covered portico, a_heart- whole welcome seems to radiate and greet the ap- proaching guest. The buxom box bushes, too, flanking the entrance, add their note of cheery greeting even in the dead of Winter when all else is bare and brown. At the south end of the house a piazza has been so felicit- ously managed that, although it does not belong to ‘“Wye’s” particular species of architecture, it escapes the objection of incongruity. ‘*And now,’ someone asks, ‘what is the particular species of architecture that ‘Wye House’ represents?” It is Colonial—not Georgian but Colonial, “really, truly” Colonial of the days before there was any Georgian and, by the same token, purely and thoroughly American. In all its characteristics ‘‘Wye House”’ faithfully repre- sents a type, frequently to be met with in New England, that forms a connecting link between the half-timbered house of Old England and our own early Georgian—a type that architects might fitly bestow more attention upon than they have hitherto done. The shingled timber framing set on a stone foundation, the overhanging second floor projecting beyond the walls of the first, an unmistakable heritage from half-timber methods of building, the massive chimney construction—the house is literally anchored to its hearth- stones—the breadth of beam and spread of roof-tree, the low-browed staunchness of mien, the severe simplicity throughout from ground to ridge-pole—all these are true earmarks of a well-developed American style long ante- dating the accession of the Hanoverian line in England, a style full of virility and worthy of revival. Of course sundry adapta- tions have been made in ‘Wye House” but always in a spirit fully sympathetic with precedent and, as stated before, the characteristics of two old homes have been interwoven and incorporated. This combining of fea- tures, tried and proved by long experience, has doubt- less made the result so per- fectly satisfactory and liy- able. All this, be it remem- bered, without doing the least violence to archetypal traditions. Directly upon crossing the threshold of ‘‘Wye”’ one in- stinctively feels that here is a house where the furniture of other days is not only loy- ingly and reverently treas- 130 ured but made to serve all present needs most effectively as well. For- tunately for the appointment of “Wye” there was a goodly heritage of all things imaginable from the two old houses at Oyster Bay, al- ready alluded to, belonging to the family. During more than two cen- turies of occupancy very little had been dispersed from either estab- lishment. Notwithstanding all this enviable abundance, however, there is no suggestion of a museum in the arrangement and no overcrowding to the detriment of the individual pieces. Lach piece is given plenty of room to appear to the best ad- vantage and a blessed Japanese spirit of moderation and restraint has been observed. True, some very choice things have to go into occasional periods of retirement in the attic or the upper rooms while their places are taken by others that have been stored away, but when they do come down they are the fresher for it and the more enjoyed by their possessors and besides, by their change, the house thereby escapes from that dreadful stereotyped sameness of ar- rangement—all too common—as though the precise spot to be occupied by each chair and table had been irrevocably foreordained by the laws of the Medes and Persians so that it would be nothing short of desecration, however delightful and refreshing, to change them about. Conse- quently ‘“‘Wye House” bears an air of spaciousness and amplitude quite independent of the actual dimensions of the rooms and, at the same time, the dignity and simplicity of good taste make themselves felt. To this general sense of easy repose the harmonious and unobtrusive tones of wall-paper and rugs contribute not a little. On the left side of the wide hallway that passes through AMERICAN HOMES AND A corner of the dining-room GARDENS April, 1913 the center of the house is a great room that you may call ‘“‘drawing- room” or “parlor” as you please. If you are ultra modern and have a weakness for being formal and always quite au fait, you will prob- ably choose “drawing-room.” If you are a bit old-fashioned you will cling to “parlor.” Really, of the two, except in large and designedly formal houses—show places—with ranges of rooms that can be devoted to specialized uses, ‘“‘parlor’’ is pre- ferable, that is to say, “parlour” in the good old English sense meaning a place to be constantly used for all manner of social intercourse and ‘all the manifold intimate activities of family life from the embroidering or knitting of the ladies of the household to the entertainment of friends and acquaintances who may chance to drop in of an afternoon for a dish of tea and gossip. A “parlor” in this sense is a good general utility room and the name is also more dignified, becoming and of broader application than the lately coined and hackneyed designation “‘living-room”’ calling up its converse, a “‘dying- room” by way of contrast—unpleasant as it may be—and always suggesting, anyhow, a laborer’s cottage redolent of grease, fried potatoes and soapsuds. Most of us have distressing memories of the formal parlors of our child- hood’s days but we have surely had time to live down such recollections so let us have back the good old name and banish all visions of a starched and deadly chamber of mid-Victorian furniture horrors enveloped in an atmosphere of foolish mid-Victorian artificiality and priggishness, a place where the tables and chairs had “elegies’’ and ‘Jimbs”—heaven knows some of them had little enough The rooms open into one another in a manner that makes for spaciousness April, 1913 Bk eats Te RE The dining-room semblance to wholesome legs. It is really a wonder they were not clothed with pantalettes. The parlor at ‘““Wye” is a great generous room running the full depth of the house from front to back and of a width proportionate. A brighter or more cheerful room could hardly be devised; indigo moods and dumpishness would be impossible in such environment. There are two big windows on the east through which the morning sun comes streaming in, two French windows on the south, shaded by the piazza roof so that the noonday glare is just pleasantly subdued, and a whole range of windows at the back where the westering sun continues to pour in his livening beams till his last ray is gone. Opposite the door and in the middle of the south wall is a big fireplace, the chimney-breast standing well out in the room and filling the space between the windows. The mantel is a replica of one in the old parent house, the ‘“Homestead” of 1663. In such a household and on such a mantel we should expect to find a pair of Worcester vases at the ends and we are not disappointed. A glance at the illustrations will serve to call attention to some of the charming household gods—notably the two Hepplewhite chairs at the windows, the Sheraton secretary, a high clock, the Empire pier-glass and above it the delightful mirror surmounted by a deli- cately wrought and gilded wheat spray falling from a vase. This mirror by the way, once served the “Father of his Country” for a shaving glass when he was a guest of the household—at any rate it was in his room and he ought to have shaved before it if he did not. Another sensible feature about this room besides its many windows is the fact that they are not blocked up and obscured by a super- fluity of draperies. Opposite the fireplace is the doorway, a doorway of most unusual proportions. Its width is fully a third, or perhaps more, the total length of the room. At times it makes the parlor and hallway seem like one apartment. None of the doorways for parlor, library or dining-room are curtained and the wisdom of this non-use of upholstery is at once apparent from the sense of freedom and space and the unity of the whole first floor which seems to be one large apartment partly subdivided rather than a number of separate rooms. Directly across the hall from the parlor doorway stands an interesting Queen Anne lowboy which is kept in countenance by some of its contemporaries or more probably its elders—a number of club-footed, fiddle- splatted, locustwood chairs made by an Oyster Bay artisan while William and Mary were still on the throne. One cannot visit ““Wye”’ without being impressed by the great quantity of old furniture and a description of the house without including it would be utterly incomplete for AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The living-room it is so in keeping that it seems part and parcel of the whole, not to be divorced from its setting, and it imparts a very essential element to the character of the entire establish- ment. Furthermore, it shows how thorough the transplant- ing of a household can be and how congruous with a new but fittingly planned environment. Lastly, its lesson in interior decoration is too useful to be slighted. The library, another room full of heirlooms, chief of which is a seventeenth century oak settle, is in the front of the house on the other side of the hall from the parlor. Windows on the east and north admit abundant light and preserve the same tone of cheerfulness as in the parlor. Back of the library is the dining-room, glass double doors at one side of the fireplace connecting the two. Back to back with the library fireplace is the dining-room fireplace, the chimney-breast necessarily being of great depth and Siac? s = one: ca The garret contains many old-time bits of furniture and curios a2 making deep alcoves in both rooms which are filled up respectively with china cupboards and bookcases. By day the dining-room is flooded with light from a range of windows taking up the whole west side of the room. At night, a translucent urn enclosing electric bulbs and suspended over the dining-table diffuses a pleasant radiance—a much better arrangement than having strong lights shine shine directly in your eyes and make you blink like an owl. One cannot pass on without mentioning two objects visible in the dining-room illustration—one a silver tankard, of the time of Charles II, that stands on the mantel shelf and has a whistle in the handle to summon more spirituous comfort when wanted, the other a long- handled pumpkin pie ladle shaped from a single piece of cherry. It was used with the old Dutch ovens. When the bottom crust of the pies was nearly baked, the filling, plentifully bolstered up with “Oh-be-joyful,” which would have evaporated if left too long in the heat, was ladled in. At the north side of the dining-room is the butler’s pantry with ample cupboard and dish-washing facilities and beyond is the kitchen, a large, cheery room with broad windows before one of which is a big sink, an admirable placing for properly preparing and washing vegetables. The range is equipped with a wide hood to carry off steam and all cooking smells. Still beyond is the kitchen pantry or storeroom while to the west of the kitchen is a well equipped laundry. The lower regions are commodious, bright and airy as the cellar windows are made with semi- circular wells outside, a device that obviates the necessity of perching the house on awkwardly high foundations. Going up to the second floor we find the bedrooms just as attractive as the rooms downstairs. They are not over- loaded with furniture—no bedroom should ever have more in it than is absolutely essential—but everything counts for AMERICAN HOMES One of the bedrooms fitted with quaint pieces of old-time furniture AND GARDENS April, 1913 a definite purpose. It is only by adhering to the principle of exclusion that we can attain a pleasing union of simplicity and elegance. One of the bedrooms given among the illus- trations cannot fail of admiration both from those who approve of restraint and those who love old furniture. The plain four-poster, the painted rush-bottomed chairs, the curly maple and mahogany Sheraton chest of drawers with the mirror above, all are just as they should be and go to make a delightful interior. Simple and appropriate wall- paper in all the rooms adds materially to the general felicitous tone. One interesting feature is that all the chamber doors have knockers, each of different pattern, so that they give a note of individuality and invite a return to the old English custom of naming each room. Besides the four bedrooms and two baths on the second floor for the family, the domestics are comfortably provided for with three comfortable bedrooms and a bath on the second floor of the wing which can be entirely shut off from the rest of the house by a door in the passage leading thither. The third floor south of the stairway is given over to one large room—a very inviting room with its deep window seats in the dormer recesses. Instead of making two rooms with the floor area extending as far as possible towards the eaves, a better plan was followed—though perhaps more prodigal of space in cubic feet—of having but one room with walls set far enough in to let one walk wherever he pleases without danger of bumping his head against the slant of the ceiling. Save the space devoted to a linen closet of generous dimensions, all the rest of the third floor is an unceiled attic with dormer windows in the distant corners—a de- lightful place wherein to go a-rummaging on a rainy day. Such a spot might fitly be termed the heart of the house’s sub- consciousness where it keeps its memories ready for revival. April, 1913 SCOLEEGLOR'S: AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS er Dee AG ele Vignes THE EDITOR OF THIS DEPARTMENT WILL BE GLAD TO ANSWER ANY LETTERS OF ENQUIRY FROM ITS READERS ON ANY SUBJECT CONNECTED WITH OLD FURNITURE, POTTERY AND PORCELAIN, GLASS, MINIATURES, TEXTILES, PRINTS AND ENGRAVINGS, BOOKS AND BINDINGS, COINS AND MEDALS, AND OTHER SUBJECTS OF INTEREST TO COLLECTORS. LETTERS OF ENQUIRY SHOULD BE ACCOMPANIED BY STAMPS FOR RETURN POSTAGE ee a ety mystery, few antiquity. of the herb kale and mixing it with sand, formed a compound which was known as glass. Thirty-five hundred years ago seems a long time, for it was then that the Egyp- tians excelled in their manufacture of this product, being especially expert in the use of the metallic oxides which were used in glass coloring. This industry was introduced into Rome during the reign of Tiberius, the first clear glass coming, into use during the reign of Nero. So interested was he in its manufacture that he paid two hundred and fifty thousand dollars for two cups. The production drifted into Bohemia and to Venice, the latter carry- ing her products all over the globe and obtaining enormous prices for beautiful de- signs. As an in- dustry there was nothing more dif- industries Some Early Glass In Salem Collections By Elizabeth M. Norris Photographs by Mary H. Northend HE making of glass is surrounded with ig having greater The earliest records found are those of sailors who were shipwrecked near the mouth of the River Belus, and who, through the process of cooking the ashes ficult, and this fact made the Venetian workmen treated with respect, the Government bestowing upon them the title of Gentlemen. The fable of the Salamander had its birth in Venetian factories. The credulous country people declared that in- side the furnace was located a fiery dragon, who sallied BB: Decanter and glasses. Gilt ornamentation English goblet toddy eee ad “barrel” poblet Pai the Wihiee collection forth to destroy the unwary who were bold enough to venture near the place. Some, more courageous, peeped inside the manhole of the furnace and verified the story—in fact, it took such import- ance that nobles rode forth to meet the monster. The introduction of glass making into England was at Crutched Friars, in 1557, and gave a new industry in the world of manufacture. The value of glass im- mediately increased, and the work grew apace, many of the pieces being unex- celled in beauty. To be sure, English glass lacks the delicacy of the Venetian and has different markings, showing little of the florid nature of the German glass as well. Yet it is an established fact that the glass of this country possesses charac- teristics that are very real and last- ing. England was ROE 134 indebted to Venice — for many of her workmen, although Sir Robert Russell procured workmen from the same place who were of inferior worth. A space of half a century elapsed before the English manufacture equalled the Venetian or the French. In the year 1670, the Duke of Bucking- ham became _ the patron of the art in England and greatly improved the quality and style of flint bes glass, by procuring at Early English wine-glass, tumbler, great personal ex- pense, a number of Venetian artists, whom he persuaded to settle in London. From the commencement of the eighteenth century the English glass manufacturers, aided by the lib- eral bounty that was paid to them on all glass exported by them or sold for exportation, became successful rivals of the Venetian and French factories. The clear bounty granted on each pound of glass exported from England, which the Government paid to the manufacturer, was not derived from any tax by impost or excise previously laid, for all such were returned to the manufacturer, together with the bounty referred to, thereby lessening the actual cost of the manufacture from twen- ty-five to fifty per cent. This enabled the English exporters to drive off all competitors in the foreign market. This bounty provision was annulled during the Premier- ship of Sir Robert Peel, to- gether with all the excise duties on the home consump- tion. The first plate glass was manufactured at Lam- beth in 1673, under a royal charter, but no great prog- ress was made at that time and the works were limited. One hundred years later a company was formed, also under a royal charter, for the making of glass, their works being at Ravenshead, in Lancashire. The works have been very successfully continued, and according to a later writer were rivalled by none except those at St. Gobain in France. The manufacture increased to a wonderful extent, the quan- tity used in the construction of the Crystal Palace for the World’s Fair being probably many times larger than that manufactured twenty years before in the Kingdom of English liquor case. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1913 Great Britain for one year. There was a queer idea that was for a long time prevalent with the people. This was that glass drink- ing vessels made un- der certain astron- omical influences would certainly fly to pieces if any poison- ous liquid was placed in it. Vessels of this kind sold for enorm- ous prices. A _ sec- ond belief was, that vessels of a certain form that were made in a peculiar state of atmosphere and after midaight, would al- low a pure diamond to pass directly through the bottom of the vessel. Various articles, such as colored goblets, were thought to add to the flavor of wine, and to detract mate- rially from its intoxicating influence. All these popular notions added greatly to the mystery and renown of glass manufacturers. There is no substance more beautiful than glass, for it has, when properly treated, the brilliancy of a diamond or the warm coloring of any of the richest gems, resembling them so closely that only an expert can tell the difference between the two. Then, too, it has properties which are peculiarly its own. It is transparent in itself, al- though the substances from which it is made are far from being so. Glass, unlike many substances, is not subject to heat or cold, and therefore is adapted to many uses, and its field of usefulness is con- stantly increasing. To-day it has reached a state of comparative perfec- tion, although even now it is subject to constant improve- ment, and research is being made to throw light upon its discovery and the progress of the art in the ages past. Many writers claim that its invention dated earlier than the Flood. The eighteenth century English glass shows some wonderfully fine examples, among which are old ale glasses and glass spoons with handles showing colored twists. The old drawn glass dates back to the middle of the eighteenth century, and was used by these old folk on Good Friday. On that day the services were so long and of such an exhausting nature that every member of the family was allowed to drink Atkinson collection and decanters. Atkinson collection April, 1913 a glass of gin, ac- companied by some light cake. A beautiful goblet made about this time had the name of a good old English sportsman, Tom Shorter, inscribed upon it. There was also a pictured rep- resentation of him, with horse and hounds, chasing the red deer across the hills. A great deal of fine old English glass, more especial- English glass goblets with ballister stems. ly liquer cases, are to be seen in the Atkinson Collection in Salem, Mass. One of these is filled with large square bottles, decorated in gilt, the top of the case showing ex- quisitely cut wine glasses and a glass tray. Wine glasses in the possession of Mrs. William West, also of Salem, are not only handsome but interesting. They originally formed part of a set that was in the possession of Nathaniel West, one of Salem’s noted merchants at the time when this historic city was at her height of commercial prosperity. Going back to the six- teenth and seventeenth centuries, we find Eng- lish and_ Elizabethan glasses, one of which, preserved in its leather case, is in the Royal col- lection kept at Windsor Castle. There are very few of these examples extant, Dutch glass tumbler and decanter with Tulip desi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS n, and tumbler of English glass 135 although the gentle- men glass makers who set up their houses at that period, employing Venetian workmen, _ brought out the Royal Oak glass, a square- shaped goblet elab- orately decorated with a diamond point on the bowl. The decorations of these glasses show Charles II. and his Queen, an oak tree which bore a medallion of the kind, @alleeuns of Mrs. William West a scroll on which was inscribed “The Royal Oak,” and also the time of its make, 1663. Differing from the metal of today, this was a pale greenish brown in color, very thin and delicate, and devoid of brilliancy. Very peculiar glass mak- ing ideas were carried out in blown glass, which was shaped very elaborately into ships with widespread sails— floral designs, and many other decorations which were worn by ladies of quality on their heads. These were of course ex- pensive and were consid- dered exceedingly fash- ionable, the combination of powdered hair and glass head-dress being very effective. The glasses of that period could well be di- vided into five groups and might be supple- mented by two main groups, including the finer and the coarser ex- amples. The latter were AMERICAN Russian Rose jar used in taverns only, but the stems of all glasses are really the dictionary of the period. Of these, those with stems called the white twist, the cut stem, colored twist, air twist, plain stem, and ballister stem are found. From these are — Er many off-shoots. The cut English liquor set. stems are found either in plain or engraved bowls, the en- graving ranging from baskets of flowers to the hop and barley, the queer landscape and unusual pieces with the medallion of Brittania. The stems themselves show hand- some cutting in different funnel shapes. The earliest date of the manufacture of this kind of glass was 1758, reaching its height in 1800. The white twist stems follow the drawn forms and are used rather for cordial or spirit glasses than for wine glasses. They are without exception the products of the low countries, and it is dificult to distinguish between the English pieces and the foreign ones. Many hand- some specimens of this White twist stem glass HOMES AND GARDENS eacheh liquor case and a Dutch toddy glass. April, 1913 Toddy glass kind are found in the col-. lection of Mrs. Charles R. Waters at Salem, Mass. These were gathered by Mr. Fitz Waters of Salem, each piece being carefully chosen, and they form a wonderful collec- tion of old time glass, coy- ering different periods. The colored twist stems were brought about by a desire for change, and are comparatively rare in English pieces. Bristol was the seat of their manufacture. There are blue twists in the center of white, yellow and white twists, and red and white, with occasionally a lavender, while some show three colors—green, red and white. Another type is the air twist, which show both drawn and other varieties, usually with domed feet. The glasses with air twist stems are also, many of them, ornamented, some showing baskets of flowers, others a rose and moth design, and still others show samples of the grape vine pattern. The plain stems are perhaps the most sim- (Continued on page 141) Atkinson collection White twist stem glass Moen Collection April, 2 Early slat-back chair See |S WE sit comfortably around the fire, seated in easy chairs, how little do we think of the days when there were few, if any such chairs in our country. Those were the days when “Forms” or stools were in vogue followed later on by the settle. One or two chairs only were found in any household, and these were probably brought over in the clumsy ships of that time—some prob- ably in the Mayflower itself. The inventories give us practically all the information to be learned about chairs and we read that few were found in England prior to the year 1600, showing that they were as little used in the mother land in those early times as here. The first chairs that were found in America were the “turned’’chairs—those owned by Governor Carver stand- ing first. The Elder Brewster chair came next, and speci- mens of both of these types are to be seen in Pilgrim Hall, at Plymouth, Massachusetts. There are few chairs of this kind found to-day. One, a Carver chair, is owned by John D. Long, ex-Governor of Massachusetts, and is seen at his home in Hingham, while another is in the Cook- Oliver House in Salem, and a third is in the Heard House at Ipswich, Massachusetts. “Turned” chairs are to-day considered by collectors to be very valuable, especially the children’s high chairs which are shown in a great variety of types. The turned chair was fol- lowed by the Wains- cot chair, which was more clumsy in effect, but was very sub- stantial. Many of these had leather used for both seat and back, one of this style being seen in the collection of the Waters Family in Salem, Massachus- etts. The seat of the chair being worn out, an exact replica was reproduced and is still in use. Next in succession comes the Flemish chair, which is most graceful in design, the seat and back be- ing made of cane and showing a handsomely AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Early Chairs By Mary H. Northend Photographs by the Author This article on Early Chairs will be followed by one in the May number on the Chairs of Chippendale, Heppelwhite and Sheraton Early Queen Anne and slat-back chairs SFE STATES Early Dutch chair carved frame. One of this type is also carefully preserved in the Waters collection. It was originally owned by the Cogswell family of Ipswich, and was brought to America by the first ancestor, John Cogswell, who came over in the “Angel Gabriel.” The vessel was wrecked and the passengers had to go ashore, this chair being among the furniture on board which was saved. Flemish chairs vary in design—some of them showing Spanish characteristics in twisted stretchers and back posts. They were made chiefly of walnut and were most elabor- ately carved. The slat back chair came into common use about the year 1700 and the number of slats used varied from two to five. They were not always of the same shape—some of these chairs which were made in Philadelphia were curved at the back, making a much more comfortable sup- port than those made perfectly straight. One style of this chair is known as the Carver chair, and is a very valuable one, both on account of its associa- tions and its good design. They are very quaint and inter- esting and if possible, they should be represented in every good collection. It lay with Benjamin Franklin, who first fitted up one of these chairs with rockers, to invent the first American rocking chair. With it was set a fashion which has never been permitted to pass away. The earliest style of rock- ing chair was peculiar in construction, for the rocker itself was evenly divided be- tween the front and the back, causing it to project so far in front that it was very awkward, but _ this fault was remedied in those of later make. The slat backs were always finished with turned uprights, legs and under braces, and _ some- times they are seen with arms. Contemporaneous with the Slat back, but never equalling it in public favor is the Bannister back. This type belongs to the 138 AMERICAN Banister-back chair period which lies between 1710 and 1720. It shows a seat of rush such as is found in most chairs of like make. The ban- nisters that form the back are, generally speaking, plain in front but turned at the back. This is however, not always the case, as sometimes the turned side is on the front, while the plain frame forms the back. Other chairs of this type are perfectly plain and it is one of these that is shown in the George W. Adams house in Byfield, Massachusetts. It was originally used by Annie Longfellow, the daughter of William Longfellow who was the emigrant ancestor of that family in America. The chair was carried across the fields from her father’s adjoining estate by the young bride herself, at the time of her marriage to Captain Adams. In the bannister back, we find that the slats are upright instead of horizontal. The chairs themselves are always finished with rush bot- toms and are usually painted black. They are made of soft wood. Next comes the Windsor chairs which are usually made of hickory or ash. It is believed that this style of chair was made by the peasants in England, this supposition resulting from the legend that King George II found one in a shepherd’s cottage. Being very much attracted by the style, he purchased it and had others made like it, naming it Windsor from the town and castle of that name. This set a kingly fashion and made the chair popular. It is not-known whether King George had his chairs painted green or not, but those of this style which were made in Philadelphia about 1730, were all painted green. There are few to be found to-day that bear the original colors, however. Windsor chairs continued to be made and sold well into the nineteenth century and are reproduced to-day, in such capital imitations that it is hard to tell the real from the spurious. During their long season of popularity, they were nat- urally changed somewhat in style from time to time, and therefore are found to exist in many designs. One of these is an armchair of common type, and is very popular. Side chairs were also made in the same pattern, through leaving out the dividing strip which served to make the arm, allowing the top rail to run down into the seat. A HOMES AND GARDENS Elder Brewster slat-back chair April, 1913 Early Dutch rush-bottom chair side chair that is called a “fan back’? was also made by using a horizontal top rail with two spindles, which, to support it more firmly, were made much stouter than the others at the outside. These spindles were all set nearer together on the seat than at the top rail, giving it a fan shaped or flaring effect. The rocker sometimes took the shape of a “‘comb back,” the five middle spindles extended upward above the rail back, and formed a head rest. The name was derived from the fact that this projection was shaped like the high-backed comb, which was at this time much worn by ladies of quality. The seats of these chairs, as was the chair itself, were made of solid wood with turned legs and under braces. The variety of different styles made was so great, par- ticularly in America, that they are sometimes confused. The rarest chair of this period is the Writing Chair. This shows the right arm widened so that it will hold either writing materials or books. One of this sort was owned by Thomas Jefferson, who, it is said, used it at the time of the writing of the Declaration of Independence. ‘During the period from the year 1740 to 1750 the Queen Anne chair was in vogue. These chairs deserve more than passing mention, as they show the cabriole leg, a feature which might be called a forerunner of Chippen- dale. Queen Anne chairs were usually designed with up- right spindles at the back, or putting it more definitely, three uprights and a splat. Here the chairs are often rush- bottomed, but in the better pieces we find upholstered bits, some of which are very handsome and valuable. The genuine chairs of yesterday cannot be purchased to- day for a mere song. In fact, one cannot be too careful in their selection, because modern reproductions are so accurate. The evolution of the chair from the primitive bench or seat to the well-designed chair of the eighteenth century goes to show what strides have been made in this field of design. There are many intervening styles of chairs which are not of such great importance that they need to be touched upon, it being most necessary to show only the work of the leading makers. The last of these intervening chairs came before furniture was designed by the three great furniture creators, Chippendale, Heppelwhite, and Shera- April, 1913 ton, and is known as the Dutch chair, although em- bodying some forms that are characteristic of the Queen Anne period. About 1840, the most decided change took place, the colonists hav- ing been successful, causing a demand for more elabor- ate designs to furnish their homes. These were no longer simple houses, but large square structures which called for finer furniture to correspond with the wealth of the times. It was then that the Dutch chair came into existence. A good type of the chair which was shown about the middle of the eighteenth cen- tury, just previous to the Revolution, came from the East through the Dutch. Many of these had cabriole legs, with eagle claw and ball feet, but less squat than the former chairs. Dr. Lyon is the authority for the sup- position that the ball and claw feet shown in these chairs was an adaptation of the Chinese design of the eagle grasping the pearl. The first mention we find made of the ball and claw feet is in an old inventory as far back as 1737, when six claw feet chairs are spoken of. Many of these chairs show wonderful distribution of light and shade, while often the shell design shown is the work of an artist. The Dutch chair came into general use about the year 1710 and continued in its various forms for forty years or more. It shows many features that are common to Chippendale, but it has not the graceful lines introduced into the later furniture. There is a great variety in the designs of the Dutch chair, although all show the same lines and the finish at the top. There are rounded backs with splats of solid wood, some with pierced splats, while others show On tea sie mit ea- tion which make them in some ways resemble Chippen- dale’s work. ‘The majority of these chai rs are finished with leather seats, a few having rush bottoms. The greatest variety of detail is shown in the legs of these chairs. Some are bandy- lee Pate Old Windsor chair with comb-back AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Walnut veneer “Moll Pitcher’ chair in the Osgood collection, Salem, Massachusetts 139 legged, while others are per- fectly straight. The stretch- ers also are varied, some of them showing at the front of the chair, others at the rear, while still other chairs are finished without any stretchers. Probably the most unique chair is the Roundabout, which has four legs, but fits perfectly into a corner. They are most comfortable and are not often found, thus making them one of the rarest de- signs. There are so many different styles that it is diffi- cult to tell a collector how to distinguish them. Some show the ball and claw foot, while others show the Dutch influ- ence, and again we find the colt foot in them. A fine ex- ample of the chairs of this period is found in the Nathan Osgood collection at Salem. It has the Dutch foot and leather seat. Origin- ally it stood in the house of Moll Pitcher, the famous soothsayer; there it attracted the attention of many dis- tinguished persons, some of whom undoubtedly sat in it. Easy chairs formed a part of the ordinary chamber fur- niture in 1750. ‘They were so finished as to be very cosy, with the high back and sides. Bedrooms in those days were cold rooms, heated only by fireplaces, if at all, and the person seated in one of these well-cushioned chairs was protected from drafts. Owing to the amount of material needed, to cover and stuff one of these chairs, the price was almost prohibitive. Inventories set their price at from one pound to ten, according to the style and fabric used for upholstering. One of this type is in the Mrs. Nathaniel Mansfield collection, which was origin- ally owned by Col. Timothy Pickering, the friend of Wash- ington, and_ first DiclC welts ant ye Ole nthe Navy. It shows up- holstering of excel- lent quality and workmanship, and is an important fac- tor in a fine collec- tion of this style. So many kinds of chairs are seen, and they are of so many DiemlOd ss tian. it would take a book, entirely devoted to this article of furni- ture, to initiate one into all the myste- ries and fascinations of furniture lore. PSE Tes SS Early rush-bottom panelled French chair Kegs) from subscribers pertaining to THE “NO-PERIOD STYLE” OF INTERIOR DECORATION By Harry Martin Yeomans @Q|HEN the problem is the furnishing and 4|| decorating of a room, for which all of the furniture has yet to be purchased, then one has a free hand, within the limits of good taste, of course, to select any special style of decoration that is appropriate, and then only such objects are acquired as will reflect the style that is to be adhered to. But, alas! this is impossible for most of us, who are apt to possess a heterogeneous collection of house- hold goods, of different styles, and perhaps most of them not having any marked characteristics which would stamp them as being the kindred of any particular style of furni- ture making. Under these adverse circumstances, a great amount of ingenuity will have to be exercised in bringing the furnishings and every part of the room into harmonious relationship, but the result will justify all the time and attention that has been bestowed on it. The average homemaker frequently finds himself in just this predicament, where he is compelled to utilize, for economic or other reasons, to the best possible advantage, the furniture which has been inherited, gradually accumu- lated or thrust upon him. Most of the furniture thus acquired is intended for sitting-rooms, living-rooms or libraries, and those pieces should be chosen from your col- lection that are of the same general contour, having frames af the same colored wood, or possess other characteristics in common. If a piece of furniture is hopelessly bad, it should be discarded, no matter if it is surrounded by a sentimental halo. The object should be to transform the room into a com- fortable, cheerful, homelike abode, where one would like to linger. I always think that this is the test of whether a room is right or not. ‘This can best be accomplished by adhering to a one-mode color scheme, as far as it is pos- sible and practicable to do so. ‘That is, have the sidewalls, hangings, upholstery fabrics and floor coverings in various tones of the same color, and trust to the variety of your furniture, the bindings of your books, the lampshades, and the flowers in the vases, to add a color note and keep the decorative scheme from becoming monotonous. One might call it, ‘‘No-Period Style” of decorating, for the want of a better appellation; just making the best of what we have, keeping our rooms as simple as possible, and not attempting any elaborate decorative schemes. A problem of this na- ture has been carried to a successful conclusion, as indicated by the accompanying photograph of an interior view in the apartment of Mr. Horace Mann of New York. Two large rooms were connected by a wide opening, so the same scheme of decoration was carried out in both AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Ole: SUGGESTIONS ON INTERIOR DECORATING AND NOTES OF INTEREST TO ALL WHO DESIRE TO MAKE THE HOUSE MORE BEAUTIFUL AND MORE HOMELIKE The Editor of this Department will be glad to answer all queries should be enclosed when a direct personal reply is desired ome Decoration. Stamps rooms, the idea being to throw them together as much as possible into one large L-shaped living-room. One section was designed to be used more as a sitting- and music-room, as there was a piano here, while the other part was more in the nature of a library or rest-room. ‘This latter sec- tion was also used for dining purposes, but it had none of the furnishings usually associated with a dining-room. The meals were served on an oak gate-legged table, which served as a library table at other times of the day. This is a commendable idea in an apartment or small house, to use the dining-room as a library or sitting-room and fur- nish it as such, as otherwise a valuable room is given over to a purpose which occupies only a small portion of each day. A miscellaneous collection of furniture had to be used, but as there were some large pieces of Italian Renaissance furniture, including a large table, two large chairs, some smaller chairs, some old carved and gilded candlesticks and sconces, and a beautiful, old verdure tapestry, it was deemed advisable to build the room around, and make an agree- able background for, these larger and more dominant pieces of furniture. Although there is no Italian Renaissance de- tail in the room, one receives that impression as he enters. The ceiling was covered with a dull gold paper, which ran down on the sidewall about three feet. This was done to reduce the apparent height of the room. The balance of the wall-space was covered with a gray oatmeal paper, which was marked off into rectangular spaces with cream white paint. This gave the effect of a caen stone back- ground, besides being so neutral in color that it would com- bine harmoniously with almost anything placed against it. The woodwork had the saving grace of being perfectly simple and plain, and when it was painted a dark green, almost black, it kept its place well in the background. The floors were stained a dark, rich brown and waxed. The two large north windows were set with opaque, rec- tangular panes of glass, separated by wooden mullions, but these windows have been made decorative features of the room, by the simple expedient of pasting strips of black tape across each pane, and dividing them up into small sections. Under the one large window, a box couch was placed, on a raised dais or platform, and at each end was placed a book-like arrangement, just the width of the couch, which imparted to it a substantial built-in appearance. This is much better than the detached effect of the ordinary couch which one usually sees. ‘The couch was covered by an Oriental rug, and the three pillows of crimson velour, the center one being the longest, exactly fit the space. Underneath the north window in the library, was a built- in set of bookshelves, painted to match the woodtrim. An oak gate-legged table, some Windsor chairs, and a few pieces of mahogany furniture completed this part of the April, 1913 SPE AS ET ITT FSS a RNG SEES SS SET AEA TRS TER MEIN IT fe = Pa RES EG, ERE BE iaabie VE RERREE | Lig DE BESO) ABE. EE ED cmc mae fs Ws, i. ies — aioe lb es em, oi menatietan, — eto ie gg Blot eeep"S Gee rn (. | “4 Wen. S seeee Be > A —Ct A successful example of ““No-Period’”’ room room. A light hung low over the table at just the right height for reading and writing. Oriental rugs covered the floor, and such few hangings as were used, were of a dull, yellow raw silk hung in straight folds. p= ibd 4p- 40-4 4b db b-bd bb dba b= 4 b= db Write or free catalog and specia! prices. ENTERPRISE FOUNDRY AND FENCE CO. 2433 Yandes Street Indianapolis, Indiana B WE wish to call attention to the fact ae we are in a position to render com- petent services in every branch of patent or trade-mark work. Our staff is composed of mechanical, electrical and chemical experts, thoroughly trained to pre- pare and prosecute all patent applications, irrespective of the complex nature of the subject matter involved, or of the specialized, technical, or scientific knowledge required therefor. We are prepared to render opinions as to validity or infringement of patents, or with regard to conflicts arising in trade- mark and unfair competition matters. We also have associates throughout the world, who assist in the prosecution of patent and _ trade-mark applications filed in all countries foreign to the United States. MUNN & CO., Patent Attorneys, 361 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Branch Office: 625 F Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. 7 April, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xxi Tue Home-Pouttry Boor. By E. I. Far- rington. New York: McBride, Nast & ‘. nt 1913. Cloth, 16mo. Illustrated. Pees 72 pp. Price, $1.00 net. : ae Farrington’s articles on poultry rais- i ing which have appeared from time to time in * AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS serve ee to suggest the value of “The Home Poultry Book,” which is just the reference book for the person who wishes to keep a few hens ‘ to supply fresh eggs for the table. It con- aes tains specific directions and information So covering every phase of poultry-raising, aes from building the house to planning each month’s work. The book is elementary, but purposely so as it is designed for the pues amateur who has no time or inclination to s read technical and semi-technical books on poultry keeping. LONG-LIFE Tue PRESIDENTS CaBINET. By Henry etme Barrett Learned, New Haven: Yale University Press: 1912. Cloth, 8vo. 471 pp. Mr. Learned’s studies on “The Presi- dent’s Cabinet” is designed to reveal those factors in the history of the executive office which explains the origin and forma- | p=_e—aee tion of the council as well as the establish- ment of the structural offices which form the institutions. Although, as the student e of history will recall, John Morley once] [ wrote: “Few forms of literature or history |} | - | i OODWORK Pa TS arash ane Vitealite, The is - Long-Life White Ename/is so easy toclean. Just wipe with | a damp cloth, or, if necessary, wash with soap and water. Yet, cleaning is so seldom necessary, as its porcelain-like Your floors will cease to trouble you if you use ‘‘61’’ Floor ae gloss sheds dirt. Vitralite is economical, easy to apply and will Varnish. They will require almost no care and will be heel- aes | not show brush marks nor turn yellow like most enamels. Send for proof, mar-proof and water-proof. Test‘‘61’’yourself. Askfor | ~~~ Free Vitralite Booklet and Sample Panel. Free Floor Booklet and Sample Panel Examine the pure white gloss — an ideal finish for wood- finished with “‘61°?. Stamp onit! Hitit with a hammer! You - pe Ean, work, furniture and any wood, metal or plaster surface whether may dent the wood — but the varnish won’t crack. Another F much attention to political debates m the ‘used inside or outside. Surely you want itin your own home. booklet, Decorative Interior Finishing willinterest you. Send for it. i present volume, and wisely too the re- | Pratt & Lambert Varnish Products are used by painters, specified by architects, sold by paint and hardware dealers everywhere. | : = flanles Se clEneee wil concede. | ofidaress oll uatirics foe ratt & Lambert: Inc. enone See oN: InCanada, €3 Courtwright St., Bride bare Cnt : “The President’s Cabinet” is a volume | | ‘s ve a ee which should be studied by every American and it will have an added interest at this time when a new regime has formed the cabinet of the newly inaugurated President of the United States. oS oye oy eric Ce are so dull as the narrative of political de- bates. With few exceptions, a _ political speech like the manna in the wilderness loses its savour on the second day.” Mr. Learned has found it expedient to give ArT Museums AND ScHoots. By Stocton Axson, Kenyon Cox, G. Stanley Hall and ; ee ees ; Oliver S. Tonks. New York: Charles| = = 3 cae eats cae Scribner’s Sons. 1913. Boards, 16mo. Meg Price’ $1.00 net. Is Your icity ealior Poisoning , Four lectures delivered at the Metropoli- ne Your Family? tan Museum of Art, New York, as a course for teachers have been gathered into the : : : & Your doctor will tell you that a refrig- erator which cannot be kept sweet, clean "Brnooesine ¢ Sing: volume that forms “Art Museums and Schools.” The object of these lectures, which object this volume perpetuates, has been to show instructors in various depart- ments of school work how museum col- lections may be used by them in connec- tion with the teaching of their subjects. The book in question is an excellent pre- sentation of such school and museum co- operation in educational influence and is one that merits careful reading from every- one interested in the development of modern culture. and wholesome, as you can easily keep the Monroe, is always dar.gerous to the health of your family. The Monroe is the only refrigerator made with Solid Porcelain Compartments which can be kept free of breeding places for the disease germs that poison food which in turn poisons people. Not cheap “‘bath-tub™” porcelain-enamel, but one solid piece of snow-white unbreakable percelain ware—nothing to crack, craze, chip, break or absorb moisture—but genuine porcelain, over an inch thick—as easily cleaned as a china bowl—every corner rounded—not a single crack, crevice, joint, screw-head or any other lodging place for dirt and the germs of disease and decay. Send at once for Tue Orp Crock Boox. By N. Hudson Moore. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company. 1911. Cloth, 8vo. 339 pp. Price, $2.40 net. “Instruments for marking time,” says N. Z About Re- Hudson Moore in the opening chapter of 30 Days’ Trial—Factory Price—Cash or Credit FREE BOO frigerators TEAR OFF AND MAIL NOW FOR BEAUTIFUL FREE BOOK Monroe Refrigerator Co., Station 3D, Lockland, Ohio You may send me your book about refrigerators. “The Old Clock Book,” “have grown from pre fon eee ee ul ies it i, ae which explains all this and tel you how to materi- , > > i rei . sara a ; the simple sundial of Ahaz mentioned in no expense to you if you are not absolutely satished. Easy terms if ally reduce the hig cost of axvew jow to have / more convenient for you. Send for book NOW—Use coupon or a better, more nourishing food—how to keep food the second book of Kings to complicated lateeioe Sova longer without spoiling—how to cut down ice recorders made of costly metals. Simple Monroe Refrigerator Co., Station 3D, Lockland, Ohio _bills—how to guard against sickness—doctor’s bills. Name “RPOMPEIIAN BRONZE SCREEN CLOTH LASTS AS LONG AS. YOUR HOUSE If YOUR Screens Are Filled With POMPEIIAN BRONZE SCREEN CLOTH You can immediately install them when spring arrives, for Pompeiian Bronze Screen Cloth never needs painting or renew- ing. Its bare bronze wires re- sist all corrosion. It can not rust. Tell your neighbors about the sterling worth of Pompeiian Bronze. Don’t let them spend money needlessly each season in painting and patching. Barring fire or accident, Pompeiian Bronze Screen Cloth is completely efficient forever. If you have not already adopted Pompeiian Bronze, be sure that you get the genuine by looking for Re- movable Red String woven into the selvage. If your dealer won't supply you, we will do so promptly. Write for our Booklet act Clinton Wire Cloth Co. aenn re First Power Loom Weavers 69 Sterling St. Clinton, Mass. Makers of Clinton Wire Lathing and Clinton Elec trically Welded Fabric for Reinforcing Concrete. Both recognized as standard by the leading archie tects and engineers on both continents Do You Want To Sell A Building Lot A House A Farm or An Estate? @ An Advertisement in “American Homes & Gardens“ new Advertising Section “The Real Estate Mart” Will Be Read by People Who Want TO BUY! PHOTOS OF PROPERTY REPRODUCED Rates of Advertising on Request Address: “The Real Estate Mart” care AMERICAN HOMES & GARDENS 361 Broadway, New York, N. Y. The Elm City Nursery Co. New Haven, Dept. M., Conn. NORWAY 45?lendidlotottrees MAPLES s AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS as the sundial is, till well into the nine- teenth century, it, or a variation of it, was used to tell time in many country neighbor- hoods, where the ‘“‘noon-mark” on the win- dow-sill told the “dinner-hour” through the various chapters on early timekeepers, table clocks and early watches, long-case clocks, curious clocks, American clocks, and clockmakers, New England clockmak- ers, Connecticut clockmakers, |Massa- chussets clockmakers, Boston clockmakers, Rhode Island clockmakers, and Pennsyl- vania clockmakers, the author carries a fascinating narrative that will bring joy to the collector’s heart and add to the store of information which everyone interested in antiques and curios enjoys adding to his fund of general information. ENGRAVED GEMS. By Duffield Osborne. New York: Henry Holt and Company : 1912. Cloth. Large 8vo. Illustrated. 424 pp. and plates. Price, $5.00 net. In the sumptuous volume on “Engraved Gems,” by Duffield Osborne, the author has given modern collectors a long needed work that is not only excellent as a history of the subject, but which will inspire collectors as well. In the eighteenth century— the century of the Dilettanti—an impetus was given to the study of the engraved gems of classic times which held to the fifth decade of the nineteenth, and which again has come to its own in the attention given it by those of our own day who in- terest themselves in the art humanities. The early works on engraved gems, such as those by Dr. Charles W. King have long been out of print and Mr. Osborne has been able in the light of recent research, to cor- rect in his own volume many of the errors that crept into the work of the early writers. The author graciously acknowledges his in- debtedness to certain authorities in the preface of “Engraved Gems” and through- out this volume every page is readable and interesting. The plates that are appended to the text are very fine half-tones from well selected examples of glyptic art and render invaluable service to the reader in his progress from chapter to chapter. A PorTery Primer. By W. P. Jervis. New York: The O’Gorman Publishing Co.: 1911. Cloth. 16mo. Illustrated. 186° pp. Price, $1.00: net: This little history of the potter’s art by Mr. W. P. Jervis entitled “A Pottery Primer” is intended by its author as an in- centive to further research to those who may be interested either in the ancient his- tory of pottery garnished from the most trustworthy sources, on the original mat- ter here first presented. In this field it serves its purpose well. LirE OF JAPAN. By Masuji Miyakawa. New York: Neale Publishing Co. 1910. Price, $1.50. In recent years Japanese institutions have been studied by Americans and Europeans, and many books have been written about them. But a book on Japan by a Japanese authority is a less common occurrence and Dr. Miyakawa’s “Life of Japan” is worth the careful consideration of every student of international economics, throughout its nineteen excellent chapters, to which a help- ful index is appended. A WAYFARER IN CHINA. By Elizabeth Kendall. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company: 1913. Cloth, 8vo. Illustrated. 338 pp. Price, $2.50 net. Elizabeth Kendall says in her preface to “A Wayfarer in China,” “no one who has ever known the joy of hunting impressions or strange peoples and strange lands in the April, 1913 v spt zs Zaye oor ‘ 3 oe e UT of the ordinary” fabrics to suit all styles of decorations, wonderfully in- expensive and effective. he Dea —_ EB: Reproductions of 15th Century Orna- ment, chiefly taken from brocades and stuffs found in paintings by famous old masters. Copies of rare pieces from Musee de Cluny, Musée de Lyon and South Kensington Museum. Large varieties of weaves and textures, plain and in design. Guaranteed absolutely color-fast to sun and water, even in most delicate shades. Each bolt bears the guarantee tag shown below. Insist upon seeing this guarantee be- fore purchasing. Leading stores everywhere. Ask your dealer for our book, “Draping the Home,” showing a variety of practical in- teriors in color; or write to us for it. ORINOKA MILLS 215 Fourth Ave., New York Guarantee—These goods are guaranteed absolutely fadeless. If color changes from exposure to the sunlight or from washing, the merchant is hereby authorized to replace them with new goods or refund the purchase price. Fine specimens ANDROMEDA _ Fine spcetmer SORREL TREE Fee peg ee conn: American Homes & Gardens RRR and Scientific American sent to one address for one year. REGULARLY $6 The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND. 320 pp.,340 Illus. $2postpald A STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE q Suggests a large number of diversions which, aside from affording entertainment, stimulate in boys the creative spirit. Com- plete practical instructions are given for building the various arti- cles, such as Scows, Canoes, Windmills, Water Wheels, Etc. 7 April, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XXII] out-of-the-way corners of the world can ever feel quiet again, for he hears always a compelling voice that ‘calls him night and day’ to go forth on the chase once more. Years ago I pursued impressions and ex- periences in the far West on the frontier— there was a frontier then. And since that time, whenever chance has offered, that has been my holiday pastime, among the Ken- tucky Mountains, in the Taurus, in Monte- negro, in India. Everywhere there is in- terest, for everywhere there is human na- ture, but whoever has once-come under the spell of the Orient knows that henceforth there is no choice; footloose, he must al- ways turn eastwards.” This spell of the East is well brought to the reader by Miss Kendall and. “A Wayfarer in China” is one of the most fascinating books of the year. An excellent map of the Chinese Empire has been placed before the opening chapter and the text is interspersed with illustrations far above the run of those that usually accompany books descriptive of foreign lands. THE PENALTIES OF LITERARY GREATNESS ENALTIES of literary greatness might ics be proved to exceed those of literary umsuccess and obscurity. Among recent celebrities, Mark Twain lamented in his last years that his popularity and prom- inence made it impossible for him to gratify his longing to visit once more in a quiet way the scenes and friends of his youth. When a disguise was suggested he shook his head “No,” said he, sorrowfully, “my draw! would give me away.” Mr. A. C. Benson has in one of his books well depicted some of the annoyances that his own acceptability with readers has brought him. The great Dumas to go back a few decades, probably enjoyed all the popularity he achieved; but the later attachment of his name to works rather feebly imitative of his genius might not have pleased him so well. Walter Scott was another who suffered at the hands of unscrupulous imitators. A writer in the New York “Evening Post” calls attention anew to pseudo-Scott catchpenny publica- tions foisted on an unsuspecting public in the days before the author of “Waverley” had revealed himself. ‘“Walladmor’” came out in Germany as an attempt to supply the demand for a Waverley novel at the annual book-fair when no genuine product was forthcoming ; and, nearer home, one William Fearman boldly issued a fourth and fifth series of “Tales of My Landlord” as from the hand of the Gandercleuch schoolmaster and parish clerk, Jedediah Cleishbotham. These spurious romances, “Pontefract Castle” and “The Fairy of Glas Lyn,” theit unscrupulous fabricator extolled as equal in merit to their predecessors in the series, and he wrote an impudent letter tu John Ballan- tyne in answer to the bookseller’s protest against the fraud. But Scott refused to take any action in the matter, confident that the counterfeits would enjoy but a brief cur- rency; and he was soon proved to be in the right, as the bogus “Tales” failed to reach even a second edition, while the genuine ones have been reprinted hundreds of times. M. Thoulet discusses such cases in Les Annales de l'Institut Océanographique and suggests a plausible explanation. He thinks we must accept the idea of some sort of fixation around the pebbles of an envelope of air or vapor of water. The density of the body transported would cease to be that of the pebble, and become that of a mass of combined solid and fluid (or gaseous) mat- ter, which would be sensibly lighter with re- spect to its volume. , Holl apis The Winged Message Noah’s messenger was a dove. In Solomon’s time, pigeons were trained to carry messages. Brutus used them at the siege of Modena. They served the Turks in their fights against the Crusaders. In medizval wars they were more useful than ever before. France had a carrier-pigeon mail service, with messages reduced by photography and read through a microscope. Even today carrier pigeons are utilized as news-bearers in isolated paris of Europe. In America, the land of the tele- phone, the carrier pigeon is bred only for racing. The winged word has taken the place of the winged mes- senger. Pigeons may fly more than a mile a minute, but the telephone is as quick as speech itself. The dove is the emblem of peace. The telephone is the instrument of peace. The telephone lines of the Bell System unite a hundred million people in one national family. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES One Policy One System Universal Service 12 Bungalow Plans FREE With One Year’s Subscription to BUNGALOW MAGAZINE An indispensable guide to an ideal home. It has solved all the problems and knows just what you want. and furnishing of real Bungalow Homes. many times its cost for a whole year. It takes up in detail the construction, decoration Profusely illustrated with splendid photographs of the newest ideas in bungalow construction including exteriors, interiors, plans and diagrams handsomely printed on tinted paper. Comes to the Monthly Magszi DECEMBER reader each month with a wealth of information and helpfulness. It will save you f Full working drawings, specifications and complete bill of material for one bungalow each month with plenty of photographs of same and a cle estimate of its cost, is an invaluable feature, unigue in the publishing field. It is pleasing and helping thousands of others now engaged in the fruition of a life's work—the building of a real home. IT WILL PLEASE YOU, Twelve Magazines, Twelve Working Drawings, Twelve 2 00 ills of Material for Specifications, an Twelve Send Coupon Now--TODAY BUNGALOW PUBLISHING CO., Inc. Seattle, Washington For the enclosed $2.00 send me Bungalow Magazine for one year beginning with the ssue. Itis understood that I shall receive each month a complete working plan for one Bungalow, including specifications and bill of aun ($2.50 in Canada, Foreign $3.00) Street XXIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1913 Used as a blind or an awning, pulled up out of sightif desired. Slats open e S de Ven etians and close. Admit air, exclude sun. 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Read letters in next dokyiians *Sakeguard the health of your farhily;‘and secure a charming, healthful environment. Get the Home Decorator---Gratis We have prepared a helpful book “The Home Decorator,” which gives many valuable decorating suggestions in colors. Do not make any Spring plans until you have seen this book. Ask your dealer or write us. Don’t forget our Ad-el-ite Paint and Varnish Remover. It is harmless, does quick, clean work, and will not injure subsequent coats of refinish. Our Amyl-Vernir, a superior enamel, stays white. We manufacture everything in Paint Specialties and Wood Finishing Materials. “Hygienic Kalsomine tints the wall That pleases all.” DEPARTMENT A ADAMS & ELTING CO. 716-TO-726 WASHINGTON BLVD- CHICAGO- U.S.A. EME ine THE PROOF—Read these Letters. B. S. Chemistry, University of Vermont. B.S.in Chemistry, Mass. Inst. of Technology. H. M. DEAVITT, Chemist 160 North 5th Avenue Chicago, Ill. Chieago, April 5, 1912 To Master Painters and Decorators— This is to certify that | am familiar with the formula used in Hygienic Kalsomine, manufac- tured by Adams & Elting Co., Chicago, and can say that this formula contains one of the strong- est germicides and antiseptics known to chem- ical science. At their request I have personally seen this germicidal substance incorporated into Hygienic Kalsomine during its manufacture, and | know positively that a disease germ could not live in this preparation. Yours very truly, H. M. DEAVITT. OFFICE AND LABORATORY J. H. MATTHES 2049-2059 North Wood Street Laboratory for Practical Research. Chicago and Industrial Development Phone Monroe 2232 Adams & Elting Co., Chicago, April 10, 1912 722 Washington Blvd., Chicago, Ill. Gentlemen— ; We began testing your Hygienic Kalsomine for its antiseptic qualities March, 1909, and have come to the conclusion that germs will not grow if they come in contact with surfaces that have been coated with your Kalsomine. We prepared one of our laboratories with a light green shade of your Kalsomine and were unable to grow germs in this room, while the rooms that were not treated with your Hygienic Kalsomine the bacteria flourished. e also prepared cards with the different shades of your Kalsomine and on these exposed various disease producing organisms. We found that the germs were killed in each case, as there was no growth when they were transferred to culture media. or the above purpose we used Tuberculo- sis, Typhoid, Diphtheria and Staphylococci or pus germs. This laboratory has concluded that your Hygienic Kalsomine is a germicide. Very truly yours, J.H.M.-F.E.F. Signed J. H. MATTHES i EH SUUEVOQUUUUUUEUOUOUEUTAOORYOUUOUVAGOQEQGQOUUOOTNQOTORECGTOGOOOONVNONOOQONANUONUNOOQOTONONOOGNNOVONONOORQQVONOONOONNOVANONNOOGAOONNONOONOQOOUOONONONNOTOOT DOALAUNUAVOONOGOORNOORUGAUGOVOUOLOVQUDOUOUOOVODNGNONOUOROGOODOUOOQOQNONOUOUOUEONGUOUOQNOQUGUAONOUOOUAU ON OUGHNOOUVOOUSMNOOOGUOOOGONONUARNGOUUOOUUOUIUOUOAUOUONOOUOUUCTE: May, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS i SS, ty : ie ie: siesinte Se ED és i WE HAVE BEEN COACH BUILDERS } OVER SIXTY YEARS . Z) | tee | MAY POULTRY-WORK By E. 1. FARRINGTON “Chicks hatched in May Make hens that lay” HE verse maker’s doggerel is an ac- curate statement in so far as it applies to the smaller breeds. Leghorn, Ancona and other Mediterranean pullets will begin laying in October with ordinary care, if hatched the first week in May. If grown rapidly, they may start in September, but this is not an end to be sought. September eggs from pullets are likely to be small and unsatisfactory. Pullets beginning to lay in the middle of October may be de- WHAT SIXTY YEARS EVOLVED Our experience goes back to the days when the fine old families of our forefathers demanded vehicles of character. It is not remarkable, there- fore, that we should build the finest Electric. The Rauch & Lang is the Car of Prestige be- cause of its genuine worth throughout. As hon- estly built as a King’s or Queen’s equipage, those famous coaches of history which have lasted to the present day. Any Rauch & Lang agent will gladly demon- strate, or a catalog will be mailed on request. THE RAUCH & LANG CARRIAGE CO. SSS AGG AEIN 4 2321 West nt Or : e pended upon to produce eggs of good size paventyeiith Cleveland and to make a creditable Winter record. It is not unusual for even Plymouth Rocks, Wyandottes and Rhode Island Reds to commence laying before November when hatched early in May. Late hatched chicks are easier to raise than the early birds, for they may be put on the ground right away, and chickens never thrive so well as when they have solid earth under their feet. If the big breeders are able to get their youngsters into outdoor runs by the time the downy birds are ten days old, they are happy, al- though the month may be February. It is an easy matter to supply the late hatched chicks with green food, while if they can be given a wide range, they will get many bugs and worms to properly bal- ance the grain rations. And a chick much- prefers balancing its own ration, rather than to have some one balance it for him. It is claimed, too, that there is commonly a preponderance of pullets among the chickens which are hatched as late as May. It is one thing to hatch chicks and quite another thing to raise them. Yet poultry- men are learning the science of chick grow- ing. Already they have found that close attention to details is imperative, but that coddling is a waste of time. A great ad- yance was made when the old-fashioned wet mash gave way to dry feeds. The point for amateurs to remember now is not to begin feeding too soon, to watch out for lice and to avoid tainted ground. There is no reason for feeding a chick before it is forty-eight hours old. In point of fact, another twenty-four hours might be added without harm, but the conscience of the average amateur rebels at any stretching of the two-day limit. The yolk of the egg absorbed into the abdomen just before the chicken is hatched contains a large amount of nourishment for such a tiny body. I once heard of a man who got up at night to feed his chickens an extra meal by lamplight. That was wasteful coddling. It is well to feed four or five times a day for the first few days, but three times a day soon becomes often enough. If a hen is mothering the chicks, she usually will see to it that they eat little the first two or three days; she will eat the rations her- self if necessary, or scratch the grain out Use Oxide of Zinc Paints Good Paint Costs Nothing (utch Proverb) (400D PAINT is paint that effectively beautifies and protects surfaces. Unpainted structures rapidly deteriorate. Good paint preserves them. Good paints all contain Owide of Zinc. THE NEW JERSEY ZINC COMPANY Saba ele EEN a 55 Wall Street, New York A list of paint manufactur- ers sent free on request. —e i AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1913 Poultry, Pet and Line Stork Directory Pheasants and Wild WaterfQw] 1 annow booking orders for eggs of a great variety of pheasants and wild ducks for Spring and early Summer delivery, including eggs of the Genuine English Gray Call Ducks. I also manufacture a full line of foods for the successful raising of young pheasants and wild ducks and for feeding the old birds in the pens all the year round. You really cannot afford to pass through another breeding season without these foods. Nearly Every Failure With These Birds nate Bee Can Be Traced To Mis-Feeding. ae Seay every year than all of the breeders in the United States put together. There must be a reason why I am able to do this. Write for price-lists, information, etc. Address Dept. A. WALLACE EVANS Game Propagating Farm, I raise more pheas- Bob White Quail Partridges and Pheasants Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl, Swans, Foxes, Squirrels, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, f Ferrets, etc., and all kinds of birds and animals. WILLIAM J. MACKENSEN, Naturalist Dept. C YARDLEY. PA. G. D. TILLEY Naturalist Beautiful Swans, Fancy Pheasants, Peafowl, Cranes, Storks, Ornamental Ducks and Geese, Flamingoes, Game and Cage Birds. ‘Everything in the bird line from a Canary to an Ostrich’’ I am the oldest established and largest exclusive dealer in land and water birds in America and have on hand the most extensive Stock in the United States. G. D. TILLEY Box A, Darien, Conn. The Real Estate Mart For Rent for the summer season. An attractive studio house, com- Write for particulars, Box B. 773, N. Y. pletely furnished. All con- veniences. Summit, New Jersey at rene reasonable price and on most liberal terms to immediate purchaser. FOR SALE, House is uniquely erin in center of five acre court approached through a driveway of beautiful old shade trees. ne mile from station. Colonial house, practically new, three baths. Fruit trees, garden, regulation tennis court. Modern stable and other outbuildings. Within reasonable distance of Baltusrol and Canoe Brook Clubs, wner's business compels immediate change of residence. Ready for occupancy after April 10th. R.C. WILSON, (Owner), Summit, N. J OAK PARK, ILL. of sight. When a brooder is used, the operator must depend upon his own intel- ligence. In some instances, it seems to be less than that of the hen. When infertile eggs have been tested out of an incubator, they may be boiled hard, then crumbled without removing the shell, and given as the first feeding, to be con- tinued two or three days, with the addition of granulated or pinhead oats or of rolled oats. The egg is by no means indispens- able, however; the oats make an excellent first feed alone. After a few days finely cracked corn and cracked wheat may be fed. The most common and perhaps the best plan is to feed a good commercial chick food after the first week, or even at the start, without any preliminaries. At the end of a week or ten days a dry mash may be kept before the chickens at all times. It may take the form of a commer- cial growing feed or it may be simply wheat bran with ten per cent. of beef scraps. It is surprising to see the results sometimes achieved with cracked corn, a very little wheat, beef scraps and bran. To many people such a simple feeding system seems too easy to be dependable. One poultry- man on my list feeds with a mash which contains some twenty ingredients, but I fail to obsrve that his birds are any stronger or hardier than those of other breeders. Fine, sharp grit and fresh water should be ready by the time the first meal is served. At least, that is the commonly ac- cepted theory. Some iconoclasts give no water for a week; others dip the beak of each chick into the water basin when it is taken from the incubator. In any case, the water receptacle should be so construc- ted that the chickens cannot climb into it and get a ducking before they get their feathers. Some people use a saucer and place a stone in the middle. There are chick fountains in variety. The ten-cent stores sell an excellent glass fountain for a dime. It would be a pleasant thing if there were no occasion to talk about lice, but with thousands of chicks succumbing each season to the ravages of these pests, the subject is not one to be avoided. There are several kinds of lice, all bad, but some worse than others. Worst of all is the kind which sticks to the head and is not killed by the powder which will keep the other kinds in subjection. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS —— May, 1913 Sf SUMMERS GER eececncinamnnneaenananns TY A Practical Demonstration The photograph reproduced here shows Twenty Carloads of Coldwell Combination Rollers and Motor Lawn Mowers in the Company’s factory at Newburgh, New York—sold and wait- ing shipment. This represents only a part of what the Coldwell Company has manu- factured and sold this year. In the parks of Greater New York alone there are today more than 20 of these Mowers. There are 6 in the Cleveland, O., parks; 4 on the Capitol grounds in Washington, D. C. Throughout the country at large there are more than 1,000 in use. Still others are being shipped to England, South America, the Philippines, Australia, India—all over the world. There could be no better proof of the worth and the quality of the Coldwell Combination Roller and Motor Lawn Mower. For use on large stretches of turf, it is the best and most economical machine ever made. A catalogue of the complete Coldwell line, horse and hand, as well as motor mowers—150 different styles and sizes — will be sent prepaid on request, to- gether with practical booklet on The Care of Lawns. you to write today. Demount- able—Cutter Horse Mower It will pay ‘“‘Always Use the BEST. The BEST is the Cheapest. Coldwell Lawn Mowers are the BEST.’’ COLDWELL LAWN MOWER COMPANY Philadelphia NEWBURGH, NEW YORK Chicago 99 o,e 1913 “HOMES OF CHARACTER” _Edition The most complete book for homebuilders ever published, 128 New House Designs. (Cost to build $500 to $15,000.) 354 Illustrations of Interiors, Ex- teriors and Furnishings. 11 Color Plates of Interiors. 150 Pages of Articles on how to Finance, Plan, Build and Equip your new home. 320 Pages, bound in cloth with art cover. Sent prepaid for $1.00. Sample pages 2c. stamp. JOHN HENRY NEWSON, (Inc.), Architect ; 1031 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohio Plant for Immediate Effect Not for Future Generations It takes many years to Start with the largest stock that can be secured! grow such Trees and Shrubs as we offer. We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure Trees and Shrubs that give an immediate effect. Price List gives complete information. ANDORRA NURSERIES ‘W ertatetrna' Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER, Proprietor LAWN SOILS AND LAWNS HIS season of the year, when the resi- dents of the cities and suburbs are look- ing at their lawns with a view of repairing them for the Summer months, it is well to examine the soil to a depth of from twelve to twenty four inches to see if there are any bricks, tin cans, boards and other coarse building débris. The Bureau of Soils, United States Department of Agri- culture, says in a Farmers’ Bulletin that the reason that grass does not thrive well on the average city lawn is that the majority of them have a filler of this kind of rubbish and of course grass will not grow on such infertile material. “A lawn is the accompaniment of every effort on the part of man to beautify the surroundings of his abiding place,” says the Bulletin. ‘The great increase of interest in suburban and rural life has caused a cor- responding increase of interest in matters pertaining to the making and maintenance of lawns. Suburban railways, the exten- sion of electric lines into the country, and the return of man to natural ways of living are all factors contributing to the growing interest in matters pertaining to lawn mak- ing. “In general a lawn should be beautiful and it should be useful. Its beauty depends upon the contour of the land, the color and texture of the grass and the uniformity of the turf. The use of the lawn is to provide a suitable setting for architectural adornment and landscape planting. Every device should be employed when working with small areas of ground to give the lawn as great extent as possible. The build- ings should be well back, the foundation not too high and the grading of the ground should be slightly convex—that is, a gently convex, rolling surface from the base of the foundation to the street line, rather than concave. “Bricks, flat tins, boards and other coarse building debris found in nearly all small lawns in the city are very detrimental to the proper movement of soil fluid. The downward movement of water is not seri- ously impeded by such materials and is probably facilitated. The moisture moves downward until it encounters a brick, for instance, at a distance of three. or four inches below the soil level. The water meets with no difficulty in getting to the edge of the brick and then goes nearly straight downward, thus leaving the soil immediately below the brick unsupplied from this new water influx. Now, when the opposite movement of soil fluid begins, the water moves upward until it encounters the brick, and the soil immediately above the brick, which has in the meantime dried out, remains unsupplied with moisture, so that the grass suffers and dries out during a critical dry spell. Bad spots in small city lawns are more often than not found to be due to some such impediment to the movement of capillary water. “A lawn soil should have a good supply of moisture at all times. It should be able to take care of excess during the wet season by drainage and during the dry season be able to supply stored up moisture from its depths. This adequate water supply is the principal factor in grass growth and the one most difficult to control in a poor soil. It is more important than any added fer- tilizer and cannot be compensated for by the addition of any amount or kind of chemical plant food. All suggestions regarding lawn soils, their texture, selection and manipula- tion have been made with one end in view— the creating and maintaining of an adequate water supply in as natural a manner as pos- sible. If this water supply is maintained May, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS effectually by a normal soil, the natural pro- cesses which go hand in hand with it, such as proper bacterial activity, aeration and oxidation, soil sanitation, and the supply of plant food generally, are also sufficient for a healthy growth of good greensw ard.” A soil w vell adapted to ian ns should con- ist of clay, silt, very fine sand, medium sand, coarse sand and fine gravel. It is this difference in the size of * soil particles and in the proportions in which they are present in soils that has given rise to the different classes of argricultural soils, such as the clays, clay OS. sands and sandy loams. This difference determines the tex- ture of the soil. The texture is a particu- larly important factor in a successful lawn, as it has a very marked influence on the kind of grasses or combination of grasses and clovers best suited to the soil; on its ability to hold sufficient moisture to carry the grass through a prolonged drought; on the ease of establishing good natural drain- age; on the account of aeration, and on other requirements. The clay soil usually makes very strong lawn soils, giving a dense sod. The clay loam soils, w vhen well drained and carefully handled, are well suited. for the establish- ment of an excellent greensward. The silt loam soils are ideally adapted to lawn mak- ing but they must have good drainage and be. liberally supplied with organic matter. The loam soils, when they have good drain- age and contain sufficient organic matter will maintain good lawns. The coarse, sandy soils are unsuitable for lawn pur- poses, although certain grasses will grow upon them. A fair lawn may be established on soils of the fine sandy type by paying especial attention to the preparation of the soil and by the introduction of manure or green manure together with bone phos- phate and lime in some cases and copi- ous watering during the dry seasons. The sandy loam soils make very good lawns when well drained and well supplied with organic matter. “Since the lawn is intended to be a per- manent feature of the decoration of the place, its endurance or span of life is of utmost importance. In general, grass seeds are small and the surface seed bed for the reception of these seeds need not be more than one inch in depth; but since the grasses as they become established, send out long lateral feeding roots, it is necessary that the soil area available for these plants should be as great as possible. This object can only be obtained by deep cultivation and thorough preparation of at least eight or ten inches of the surface soil. The soil to this depth should be made rich and put into an ideal condition for the development of plant roots. “Since the lawn is a permanent feature, it is hardly possible to make the soil for the reception of the lawn too rich. Stable man- ure which has been thoroughly composted and rotted, and which is as free as possible from detrimental weed seeds, is undout- edly the best material to use in producing the desired fertility of the soil. Forty to sixty loads of well-decomposed stable man- ure are not too much to use upon an acre of land designed for the greensward. “Not all grasses are adapted to lawn mak- ing. Only such kinds as are capable of making a close turf are ideal for lawns. Most grasses which have creeping root stocks, short joints, and produce long, nar- row leaves in abundance about the crown of the plant adapt themselves well to lawn making. Besides this, a desirable lawn grass possesses a pleasing color, which does not change decidedly from season to season, is drought resistant, responds quickly to a change of conditions from Winter to 71 Nn The Perfect All the nutritive elements of the best Ameri- can Barley and the aromatic, nerve-quieting tonic properties of the choicest Saazar Hops are scientific- ally combined in ANHEU SER-BUSC}),, Nuliune Food Tonic SS x Dew = RE Ratase, cg oy \ < A L SS As Ie “> 7 ——— AEN ES = PASSHps5___ _ ee TRADE MARK A predigested liquid food, acceptable to the weakest stomach; strengthening conva- lescents, weak or anaemic, building up the overworked and nerve-tired; old age. invigorating Of greatest value to nursing mothers. Malt-Nutrine contains 14'%2% of Male Solids and 19°/ 199% of Alcohol. Declared by U.S. Internal Revenue Department a Pure Malt Product and NOT an Alcoholic Beverage. Sold by druggists and grocers. A postal brings a beautifully illus- TMi, i trated Malt-Nutrine Booklet FREE— HOL | G {iquio pr REPARATION ALT»10 HOPS Vanes | Pe cues FUL Bera: ALS NT sic ona eno Buys, ME uD ORUES ACTY wi ations of the EARLY-CROP_ ODORLESS FERTILIZE A 100 lb. Bag $3.75 f.0.b. Factory, Farmingdale, N. J. For More Extensive Planting and Gardening Operations ' Write for Prices on Lots of a Quarter-Ton to a_Carload OUTDOOR EXERCISE + A 100 LB. BAG OF EARLY-CROP ODORLESS ‘ FERTILIZER will produce a Beautiful Lawn, and an ‘abundance of. Fine Vegetables, Flowers and Shrubbery, over a Plot of 6000 to 7500 Square Feet ORDER AT ONCE—YOU NEED IT.NOW A Copy of our UNIQUE GARDEN AND PLANTING CALENDAR with an order for either of our products as mentioned aboye Write for our latest Booklet “GARDEN CLUBS~THE KITCHEN GARDEN the” FLOWER GARDEN and the LAWN” by George T. Powell, g Abgeultural and Horticulture! Expert CONSUMERS FERTILIZER COMPANY New York — Longacre Building, 42 Street & Broadway—Suite J well worth reading. aE ae { ANHEUSER-BUSCH, ST.LOUIS, MO. | j qr Don’t Shovel Ashes Any More! It fills the basement and the whole house with Ash-Dust and isan absolutely unneces- sary labor —dirty, tiresome and disgusting. The Sharp Rotary Ash Receiver receives the ashes direct from the heater by gravity, and holds the accumulation of 6 to 12 weeks. Dust tight, fire- proof, Sanitary; saves 90% of the work. For every type of heater in new or old buildings. Write today for catalog and full information. Good territory still open for agents of proven ability. The W. M. Sharp Co., 181 Park Ave., Binghamton, N.Y. bel, AIR AND PROTECTION! Ventilate your rooms, yet have your windows securely fastened with The Ives Window Ventilating Lock assuring you of fresh air and pro- tection against intrusion. Safe and strong, inexpensive and easily applied. Ask your dealer for them Shown with cover plates removed 88-gage Catalogue Hardware Specialties, Free. THE H. B. IVES Co. sexe Manuracturerea oc» NEW HAVEN, CONN. vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS No more lifting — carrying—lugging water for drinking, washing, bathing, fire-fighting. Just step to the faucet and turn on hot or cold water. What a satisfaction to Have Running Water Everywhere in bath room, kitchen, stable, wherever it’s con- venient or necessary. A twist of the wrist will give it to you if you install the convenient @ DOUGLAS @ PNEUTANK SYSTEM It is easy to install, simple to manage, cheap to purchase and needs next to no repairs. Can’t freeze, burst, or spoil walls or building. Enjoy life with running water close at home. In the Pneutank System the pressure is always sufficient to throw a good stream to the top of barn or ridgeboard of your house. It has many advantages over attic reservoirs, wind power towers and tanks. Write now for Douglas’ Free Book It’s a Great Help to people living in the country or suburban districts, as it explains in detail all the advantages and economy of operat- ing a Douglas Pneutank Water System. Write for book on a_ postal and mail it NOW to W.& B.Douglas 180 William Street Middletown, Conn. Pump Makers for 81 Years Send for catalogue A 28 for pergolas, sun dialsand garden furniture or A 40 of wood columns Hartmann-Sanders Co. Exclusive Manufacturers o| f KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS ee 4 a Be Ap PTT Suitable for PERGOLAS, PORCHES or INTERIOR USE ELSTON and WEBSTER AVES. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Eastern Office: 1123 Broadway, New York City Spring, and bears repeated clippings with a lawn mower. ‘The requirements of these grasses are exceedingly exacting, and it is not surprising to find the list of such grasses a comparatively short and meager one. “In procuring seed for a lawn, too great care cannot be exercised. Pure seed, of high germination, is of great importance in securing a good stand of grass. Pure seed is the keynote to a clean lawn, provided the work of preparing the land has been sufficiently done. Thorough preparation involves not merely the mechanical treat- ment of the soil to reduce it to a proper seed bed, but the use of weed-free manure and the adoption of a course of treatment previous to preparing for the lawn which shall serve to eradicate weeds. Such prepa- ration, coupled with pure seed, should give a satisfactory stand of grass which shall need only the usual care necessary to maintain a lawn after it is once established. Too much cannot be said in favor of securing pure seed, and, if possible, specially selected seed. This is of course of considerable importance with light seeds like bluegrass, red top, and seeds of the bent grasses. In the case of bluegrass, select seed weighs about twenty-two pounds to the bushel, while the ordinary grade of bluegrass, al- though it may be called pure, averages about twelve pounds to the bushel. “Tt is better to use an excessive amount of seed and allow natural selection to elimi- nate the weak specimens rather than to seed sparsely with the hope that the natural habits of the plants will be sufficient to en- able them to take possession of the entire area. “Bluegrass, bent grass, and the fescues, if used in combination, should be sown at the rate of three to five bushels of seed to the acre. Bluegrass, if used alone, should not be used at a rate less than fifty pounds to the acre, while seventy pounds is better. White clover, if added to the col- lection of the above-named sorts, should be used at. the rate of one» peck to the acre. Upon sandy or gravelly lands and in Spring seeding white clover is an important factor, because it germinates quickly and covers the ground, affording protection and presenting an attractive appearance earlier than is possible by the use of other grasses. White clover, too, is able to re-establish it- self very quickly after periods of severe drought, and until the bluegrass, redtop, bent grass and fescues become thoroughly established, the white clover will usually be in the ascendancy. As the turf-forming habits of the other grasses become more marked, however, the white clover will gradually disappear and give place to the other more permanent grasses.” A SWIMMING POOL AT HOME By JOSEPH B. PEARMAN O one adjunct of a country home is productive of more pleasure than a swimming pool and possibly none can be obtained at an expense so trivial. A home may be miles from the ocean or so far from the sea that it cannot catch the wind off the ocean; or else its location may be inland or so far from any body of water that open bathing is possible. A swimming pool may be constructed anywhere and its possession makes possible many of the pleasures of the seashore or of the lake. The swimming pool is gaining in popu- larity everywhere and its ‘success consti- tutes its strongest argument for its wider use. It might be supposed that a swimming pool would be a luxury; appropriate only upon an extensive country estate, but pos- sibly the most successful swimming pools and certainly those which afford the great- Sewage Disposal Without Sewer AUTOMATIC STACK INLET SIPHON OUTLET FROM QOUSE ‘ ANDREWS STEEL SEPTIGTAN SEWAGE DISPOS!! {MINNEAPOLIS HE Andrews Steel Septic Tank and Syphon Discharge solves the problem of suburban home sewage disposal, doing away entirely with unsanitary cesspools and out- houses. It is all complete and ready to connect to the main waste of the plumbing system. Made of steel plate and scientifically designed to allow bacterial action to perfectly reduce organic matter to harmless liquids which are then automatically dis- charged onto a filter bed. Lasts as long as house and requires practically no attention. Inexpensive. Write for folder and prices. If not sold by your dealer we will supply you. Andrews Heating Co. 1337 Heating Building Minneapolis Minnesota 10 cents and the names and addresses | of two of your friends who love choice flowers, and I } will mail you 30 seeds of the fra- grant and beautiful Giant Marguerite Carnation which blooms in four months from the time of sowing. I will also send you if my bargain collection of Spencer Sweet Peas, Giant Orchids, flowering type, Nasturtiums, Dwarf Chameleon, mixed, Royal Show Pansies, Asters, finest mixed. Seeds that succeed Seeds carefully selected from the choicest of plants, chosen. for their sturdy growth, are the kind that I sell and have sold for the past twenty years. This is why my list of customers in- creases each year and numbers thousands of enthusiastic flower and plant lovers all over the country. With the seeds I’ll mail you my book “‘ Floral Culture,” which tells you HOW to successfully § grow flowers from my seeds, It will enable you to have flower beds that will be your constant delight and envy of your neighbors. This book alone is worth many times the cost of ten cents to you. My 20th Annual Catalog will be sent with it. Miss C. H. Lippincott Pioneer Seedswoman Dept. 313 Hudson, Wis, Miss C. H. Lippincott Pioneer Seedswoman 1 Miss C. H. Lippincott | Pioneer Seedswoman Dept. 313 Hudson, Wis. Dear Miss Lippincott For the enclosed 10 cents, and names of two flower-loving friends, please send the flowers i) offered above; also your catalog ’ and “‘Floral Culture.’? Name. Address May, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii May, 1913 est pleasure to their owners are parts of homes of moderate or very small cost. In- genuity counts for more than mere dollars and cents, In arranging a swimming pool its loca- tion must be carefully considered. It should naturally be placed in a part of the grounds where at least some degree of privacy may be secured. Where the grounds do not extend over a great era the swimming pool may be so screened by planting that the necessary privacy may be obtained; the spot may be surrounded by tall growing shrubbery or a clipped hedge or else by trellises over which vines may be grown. The space between the pool and the surrounding shrubbery may be covered with grass and its smooth green surface will add much to the beauty of the spot. For the convenience of neighbors a shelter of some kind should be provided. Such a shelter may be constructed of wood treated in almost any way; nothing would be more appropriate than one of rustic work or covered with birch bark, or even of shingles either stained or weathered. lf the country house should be so for- tunate as to have a small stream flowing through its grounds, the problem may be greatly simplified ; for thus would be solved the problem of water supply which is some- times the detail most difficult of solution. Where this natural means of water supply is not available one must naturally depend Lee oe upon the source which supplies the water “Mamma’s gone away — andllvdombulcare!? for other departments of the country home. p 5 : : Neither does Mamma — ¢/zs floor is finished with ‘‘61’’ Floor A very successful swimming pool was once ) L constructed by merely broadening out one Varnish. It is water-proof, heel-proof and mar-proof. “61”? Floor Varnish gives a tough, durable spot in its course. The stream therefore The delightful simplicity of your woodwork flowed through the swimming pool, and as it was sheltered beneath over-hanging bowers of several old trees, its aspect was very rural. The demensions of a swimming pool must, of course, depend very largely upon con- ditions which vary so greatly that size must be determined by circumsiances. This may also be said of the depth, although some very successful swimming pools are so arranged that they incline, being about three feet deep at one end and eight or ten feet deep at the opposite end, so that those not yet able to swim and also those more experienced bathers may find the pool equally attractive. A spring board which may be easily arranged, by using a plank of oak or pine, and would, of course, add greatly to the enjoyment of the bathers either large or small. In this day of the manufacturing of all kinds of concrete, cement and other plastic materials, the problem of a material for use in building a swimming pool need not be difficult. Concrete is frequently used : finish that does not scratch nor show heel marks on old or new floors andlinoleums. Withstands repeated washing and requires almost no care at all. Easy to apply and hard to wear out. Send for Free Floor Booklet and Sample Panel finished with ‘‘61’’ and test it yourself. Hit it withahammer— you may dentthe wood but the varnish won’t crack. Another booklet, Deco- rative Interior Finishing will interest you. Sent free upon request. and furniture made white with Vitralite, The Long-Life White Enamel/, will gratify your sense of true ‘‘homey-ness’’ at small cost. Vitralite will not crack nor chip. Vitralite Booklet and Sample Panel showing its porcelain-like gloss, sent free. Vitralite is easy to apply and does not show brush marks nor turn yellow, whether used inside or outside, on wood, metal or plaster. Absolutely waterproof. Pratt & Lambert Varnish Products are used by painters, specified by arene, sold by paint and hardware dealers everywhere. In Canada, 63- Courtwright St., Bridgeburg, Ont. { Choicest Bulbs Grown in Holland Imported for YOU We import the finest bulbs grown—sound, large, and full of vitality. The bulbs come from Holland’s quality bulb fields, and are offered at prices usually paid for ordinary stock. Don’t buy elsewhere until you've heard our story. Send for Catalog Now—as all orders must be on hand by July Ist for Fall delivery. QUALITY BULB CO. 826 C of C Building Rochester, N. Y. and in other instances the walls are merely bricked up; the floors being also made of brick with the surface covered with cement. Tile in its various forms may be used and in fact almost any material which presents a surface easily kept clean would be suitable. Care must be taken to provide some plan by which the water may be frequently re- newed. It is therefore necessary to arrange an outlet by which the pool may be readily drained. Such an outlet would, of course, be at the bottom of the tank while the pipes supplying fresh water would be at the top. A few years since the planning of a coun- try home made necessary the removal of an old building resting upon a stone founda- tion and having a cellar about nine feet deep. When the super-structure had been removed the workmen were about to dis- mantel the heavy and solid masonery when it was seen that a wonderful opportunity for a swimming pool was afforded. The old cellar was floored with white concrete, the Send for Catalog Start a Fernery Brighten up the deep, shady nooks on your lawn, or that dark porch corner—just the places for our hardy wild ferns and wildflower collections. e have been growing them for 25 years and know what varieties are suited to your conditions. ‘Tell us the kind of soil you have—light, sandy, clay—and we will advise you. Gillett’s Ferns and Flowers will give the charm of nature to your yard. These include not only hardy wild ferns, but native orchids, and flowers for wet and swampy spots, rocky hillsides and dry woods. We also grow such hardy flowers as primroses, campanulas, digitalis, violets, hepaticas, trilliums, and wild flowers which require open sunlight as wellas shade. If you wanta bit of an old-time wildwood garden, with flowers just as Nature grows them—send for our new catalogue and let us advise you what to select and how to succeed with them. EDWARD GILLETT, Box D, Southwick, Mass. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1913 If the crowd onthe stock exchange kept quiet and let one man talk, that man could be heard in every corner of the room. But the shouting mem- bers produce a composite of sound, so that no one trader is understood except by a small group around a particular trading post. If everyone were able to shout twice as loud, the result would be only a greater noise, and less intelligible. For communication to be universal there must besilenttransmission. In a noisy stock exchange where the voice, unaided, cannot be understood across the room, there are hundreds of telephones which carry speech half way across the continent. Telia Poses of Silent Sane The telephone converts the spoken words into silent electrical impulses. In a single Bell telephone cable, a hundred conversations can be carried side by side without interference, and then distributed to as many different cities and towns throughout the land. Each conversation is led through a system of wire pathways to its proper destination, and whispers its message into a waiting ear. Silent transmission and the inter- connecting lines cf the Bell System are indispensable for universal tele- phone service. Without such service, our cities would beslowof speech and theStates would be less closely knit together. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES Everv Bell Telephone is the Centre of the Svstem 12 Bungalow Plans FREE With One Year’s Subscription to BUNGALOW MAGAZINE An indispensable guide to an ideal home. It has solved all the problems It takes up in detail the construction, decoration Profusely illustrated with splendid and knows just what you want. and furnishing of real Bungalow Homes. photographs of the newest ideas in bungalow construction including exteriors, interiors, plans and diagrams handsomely printed on tinted paper. Comes to the reader each month with a wealth of information and helpfulness. It will save you ; i many times its cost for a whole year. Full working drawings, specifications and complete bill of material for one bungalow each month with plenty of photographs of same and a dependable estimate of its cost, is an invaluable feature, unique in the publishing field. It is pleasing and helping thousands of others now engaged in the fruitionofa - life’s work—the building of a real home. IT WILL PLEASE YOU, Twelve Magazines, Twelve Working Drawings, Twelve Specifications, an Twelve $2.00 of Material for Send Coupon Now---TODAY BUNGALOW PUBLISHING CO., Inc. Magazine f r beginning with the____ S 1 h Hor theca aoe 370 seadiiie Bu glow.) Bisatlsa aineleaiy SeeCneations and bill of material. ($2.50 in Canada, Foreign $3.00) Seattle, Washington ....issue. It is understood that I shall receive stone walls both inside and out with snow white cement. At one end a series of steps was built. Due provision was made for filling and draining the space and the result is a Swimming pool, the cost of which was out of all proportion to the pleasure and helpful recreation which its use affords. Later on the pool was covered with glass being enclosed in a structure not unlike a conservatory. A space of some six feet extended on all sides of the pool, spread with mats and arranged with cane chairs and settees where the people take sun baths, and this pool which is now used twelve months during the year is one of the most attractive features of a wonderfully inter- esting estate. The possessor of a swimming pool may go during the first fresh hours of a Sum- mer morning into a spot where high walls of glowing greenery surround a pool filled with fresh, clear water. A plunge into its cool depths will immediately refresh and in- vigorate, and bring into action every energy of the body. Those most enthusiastic re- garding home swimming pools are those who are fortunate possessors and their ex- piession of satisfaction based on experience should be incentive to owners of country homes everywhere, especially in suburbs where their is ample space for such an occasion of everlasting enjoyment for all members of the family both large and small. THE PALETTE OF THE ILLUMIN- ATOR FROM THE SEVENTH TO THE END OF THE FIF- TEENTH CENTURY ie the opening lecture given at the Royal Academy of Arts last year, Dr, Laurie, according to an article in Nature, dealt with the question of the history of the pig- ments used at various times by painters, bringing together such information as could be obtained by a literary inquiry. Since then he has made an examination with the microscope of a large number of illuminated manuscripts at the British Museum, the Advocates’ Library, Edinburgh, and the Edinburgh University Library, from the seventh to the end of the fifteenth cen- tury. The result of this examination has made it possible to identify the larger num- ber of pigments used, and classify them according to the centuries and according to different countries, Byzantine, Irish, French, English, Italian, and German man- uscripts having been examined. The general results are to show that dur- ing these centuries the palette was prac- tically confined to vermillion, whether nat- ural or artificial, red lead, orpiment, ultra- marine and ultramarine ash, azurite, mala- chite, natural and artificial, verdigris, lakes, and preparations of the nature of Tyrian purple, with the addition of a remarkable transparent green used from the eighth to the fourteenth century, which owes its pig- mentary value to copper, although it has not been possible to determine exactly the nature of the compound. A green closely resembling it in appearance and properties can, however, be prepared by dissolving verdigris in Canada balsam or other semi- liquid pine resins. In no case were any specimens of the Egyptian blue which was used so largely in classical times found on the manuscripts. It therefore seems prob- able that the method of manufacture of this copper silicate was lost before the seventh century. In addition to these pigments, earth colors were occasionally used, and there are rarely present some pigments which it is difficult to classify. The lake used after the thirteenth century is closely matched by May, 1913 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains Architects, Omaha, Neb. Fisher = Lawrie, Cabot’s Shingle Stains For Shingles, Siding, Clapboards, Tim- bers, and All Other Outside Woodwork. Costs less than half as much as paint. Can be put on twice as fast, halving the labor cost. The colors are softer, richer and more beautiful. They wear as well as the best paint. They are made of Creosote, “ the best wood pre- servative known.” Have been proved in every climate for thirty years. You can get Cabot’s Statns all over the country. ) Send for free samples and name of nearest agent. SAMUEL CABOT, Inc., Mfg. Chemists 131 Milk Street Boston, Mass. A Beautiful, Illustrated Book- let, “WHERE SUN DIALS ARE MADE,” sent upon D IA request. Estimates furnished. Any Latitude Ask for Booklet No. 5 ¢ E.B. MEYROWITZ, 237 Fifth Ave., New York Branches: St. Paul, London, SU New York, Minneapolis, Paris Private Water Supply Plants >< 4 SS SYSTEM OF WATER SU PPLY SEND FOR CATALOC N aa KEWANEE WATER SUPPLY CO. - NEW YORK CITY KEWANEE ,iILL. CHICACO POSITIVE wes sog tl Coa ou ee 5 He : a eg é c o 37 " : : noissssg Ose cesezed. =H ¢ Z ROP Sa aha S20 c aot eae* gag FAS 3 T 2g = 9115 16 6 2 b SectnZiok > 3G = 2 i ) on Sos Ssegce = oo SGEEEDT ect ibssé $8 KILLED B Y SCIENCE DANYSZ VIRUS isa Bacteriological Preparation AND NOT A POISON—Harmless to Animals other than mouse like rodents. Rodents die in the open, For a small house, 1 tube, 75e; ordinary dwelling, 3 tubes, $1.75; larger place—for each 5,000 aq. ft. floor space, use 1 dozen, $6.00. Send now. Chemical Company 72 Front Street, New York cof SILTLAND & WELSH PONIES ae ee HILL FARM, 253 Forest St., Medford, Mass. Weof gor bt 5 lot fen Pu mps KINDS CYLINDERS, ETC. Hay Unloading Tools Barn Door Hangers Write for Circulars and Prices FP. E. MYERS & BRO., Ashland, O. Ashland Pump and Hay Tool Works go bout Mushrooms ow 0 % to really make big money in Ariushrooms, is fully explained in the Mwonderfol book, ‘The Truth About fy Mushrooms,” a great revolutionary improvement, things many growersnever knew before. Every- thing ezplained from A to Z, at firet hand, frorn the greatest practical authority In America. Add to 470 4 week to your income. Demand ex- 3 op lbhs Grow in cellars, sheds, boxes, etc. mall capital to start. Profits bigger and quicker. Any one can do it. Women and children, too. Now ia best time. Send for free hook. Bureaa of Mashroom Industry, Dept. 22, 1242 N. Clark St., Chieago lac lake, which was introduced for dyeing purposes about that time, and on the manu- scripts of the late fifteenth century a fine lake appears, which in one case has been identified with every probability as madder lake. The tests, however, cannot be re- garded as absolutely conclusive. No fresh light beyond that contained in the known records can be thrown on the mediums used, with the exception that on one late fifteenth century manuscript the medium has been proved to be beeswax. All the pigments mentioned in the above list were not used in the same countries at the same time. It is possible to show a gradual improvement, for instance, in the preparation of ultramarine from lapis lazuli. The use of a fine verdigris is not found until the beginning of the fifteenth century, and azurites of different quality appear and disappear at definite dates, while a marked distinction can be drawn between the palette used in Byzantine and Ireland, and that used in the rest of Europe from the tenth century. There are also remarkable examples of the use of gold dust, while the laying of gold leaf-on raised gesso does not appear earlier than the eleventh century, and onlv becomes com- mon in the twelfth century. The whole result of the investigation is to settle with considerable exactness the actual pigments in use, and it is probable that the results will be of value in assist- ing in fixine the dates of doubtful manu- scripts. It will be noted that the pigments are almost entirely mineral in character. They are in all cases coarsely ground, and the decorative effect is largely due to the coarse crystalline particles resulting in a broken surface. EDIBEE L@CUSTS OT a few commentators have stumbled over the statement that John the Bap- tist “did eat locusts,” says an exchange. Not aware that in the East locusts are eaten, even to this day, they have suggested that some sort of bean is meant. Locusts are to-day eaten in Arabia, pretty much as they were in Biblical times. Foreigners as well as natives declare that they are really an excellent article of diet. They are best boiled. The long, or “hopping” legs must be pulled off, and the locust held by a wing and dipped into salt before it is eaten. As to flavor, the insect is said to taste like green wheat. The red locust is more palatable than the green kind. Some say that the female is red and the male green, but others contend that all are green at first, whatever the sex. Locusts must be caught in the morning, for then they are benumbed by the cold, and their wings are damp with the dew, so that they cannot fly. They may be found in Arabia clustered in hundreds under the desert bushes, and they can be literally shoveled into a bag or basket. Later the sun dries their wings, and it is bard to catch them. When in flight they resemble what we call May-flies. They fly sidewise, drifting as it were before the wind. They devour everything vegetable, and are devoured by everything animal; desert larks and bustards, ravens, hawks and buz- zards like them. The camels munch them in with their food; the greyhounds run snapping after them all day long, and eat as many as they catch. The Bedouins often give them to their horses. Eaere Bulbs Raperted to Your Qwn Order You who desire the better grades of spring- flowering bulbs for autumn planting will welcome my special import service. Again this year, Holland’s most conscientious # bulb fanciers are producing their finest stock for me exclusively. The “‘mother bulbs” are selected in the fields, and saved for my clients. To enable my customers to secure these perfect bulbs at prices no higher than ordinarily are asked for | ordinary stock, I offer 10% Discount on Orders Before July 1 Many rare and valuable daffodils, tulips, hyacinths, bulbous irises and other plants are described in my 1913 book, “Farr’s Quality Bulbs and Plant Spe- cialties,” sent free to you who prefer quality to quantity. Plant dahlias and hardy chrysanthemums this month; ask for my lists. BERTRAND H. i 105 Garfield Blvd. FARR Wyomissing, Pa. ons. limbs are the ones that fall—a menace to life and property. Trees with cavities are the ones that the winds blow over. A fallen tree can- | not be replaced in your lifetime. = The loss of trees is the price of neglect You may think that your trees are sound—but do not trust to guesswork—learn the truth through a Davey Tree Expert without cost or obligation. If your trees need no treatment you want to know it—if they do need treatment 3 you ought to know it. Let a Davey Tree By Expert examine your trees now. bi: Write for Booklet “a” fl THE DAVEY TREE EXPERT CO., Kent, 0. | BRANCH OFFICES: PHONE: : 225 Fifth Ave., New York,'N. Y. Madison Square 9546 | Harvester Bldg., Chicago, Ill., Harrison 26€6 § New Birks Bldg, Montreal, Can. Up Town 67-6 Merchant’s Exch. Bldg., San Reaicieeo Cal = Telephone Connection Accredited Representatives Available Everywhere—Men Without Credentials Are Impostors. LA SS JOHN DAVEY her of Tree Surgeoy COPYRICHT. 1912, pe OUR Garden and Home will have New Charm with istic Pottery selected mthe Galloway Collection Strong and Durable Mater- “tal at R@asonable Prices. Send for our Catalogue of ~-' Pots,BoxesVases.Sundials.Ben- Bek / ches and other Terra: Cotta * e Garden Furmiture. c#>25 GALLOWAY" TERRA COFTA Co. 3222 WALNUT ST. PHILADELPHIA. PA. SEND FOR MY BUNGALOW BOOK THERE IS NO BETTER 7ifth CATH Orig BSUOUE: Somewhere in it you'll fir with mitains over fifty tvpe fs ngalows, costing fro $890 to § flo orpla ns ‘Hustr iting the Perfec al liconvenience 3S; charac terized by the most luxur adapted to any io lity or environment, and 4 distinct individuality. The ic a ul home for the hou Price, 50 cents, nostpald W. E. ALLEN, Story Building, Los Angeles, Cal. x oe AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1913 WE WILL HELP YOU CREATE THE HOME OF 1 OOK PANG Built according to your ideas and ideals \ X TE specialize in MADE ‘TO ORDER sub- urban homes. Under one contract we will design, build and finance your home. No delays, overcharges or inconveniences. Our contract fixes terms and insures satisfaction. We give the We Own and Control the Following Properties: same care to the construction of a cottage as to a DOUGLASTON PARK, L. I. Twelve miles from Pennsyl- mansion. vania Station, 33rd Street and Seventh Avenue. Overlooks Little Neck Bay. Adjacent to Country and Golf Clubs. Our architect, Mr. Rone C. mages has EL MORA,N. J. Thirty-one minutes by Central Railroad. A designed the houses which we have built at beautiful suburb of 200 homes. Club House, Tennis Courts, etc. Douglaston Park, L. I. and at El Mora, N. J. SHORELANDS, N. J. Summer bungalow colony on the S oe Shrewsbury River at Monmouth Beach, N.J. Surf and still water A personal call or correspondence is solicited. Bui Booklet of Homes sent free on application. DESCRIPTIVE BOOKLETS ON REQUEST J. W. DOOLITTLE, Woolworth Buildaam Broadway, Park Place to Barclay Street TELEPHONE 7294-7295 BARCLAY New York If you are too far from a lighting plant, you can light your home with the Aplco System There is no longer the slightest need of going without the convenience and com- fort of electric light; you can install the complete Aplco system and furnish electricity for any number of lights up to twenty 16-c. p. as well as power for small machinery. The Aplco Electric Lighting System is the most compact and convenient outfit made. It weighs only 360 pounds; occupies a floor space of 21 x 38 inches—30 inches ae high. The price of dynamo, switchboard, battery and gaso- DS te ww line engine, (14 horse power),"complete on one base, is $200. Paze . Only two wires to connect. You will want to know more about this splendid system by which you can not only light your house, but your stables, garage, milk house and all other outbuildings. If you will write us, we will send you a special circular which will provide for the details you need to know. The Apple Electric Co. 86 Canal Street Dayton, Ohio May, 1913 es 3 = = ae THE VACATION NUMBER UNE is not only the month of roses and commencements, but being the beginning of vacation time outdoor things suggest themselves to everyone. It has been the custom of AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS to devote its June num- bers from year to year to vacation topics, therefore the next issue of the magazine will have as the dominant note of its contributions Outdoor Life and Recreation. Every camper- out will be delighted in an article on ‘Camp Cookery” which will appear in this issue. An unusually interesting article on Canoeing, written by Mr. F. F. Rockwell, will also ap- pear in the June number. One of the most attractive coun- try homes on the Hudson River will be fully described and illustrated, as also a number of smaller houses, accompanied by their floor plans. Rustic Furniture and “A Windmill Made Into a House” will be among other June features, and the Collectors’ Department will be especially strong in this issue. This department will contain an article on the subject of “Liverpool Pitchers,” about which little has been written, and also an article on “Early Printed Handker- chiefs,” illustrated with specimens from the Drake Collec- tion. One of the most interesting contributions to the maga- zine will be an article on ‘‘Silhouettes,” written by a widely known authority on the subject. HE Collectors’ Mart: The attention of readers of AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS is called to the Collec- tors’ Department which appears each month in AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS in the reading columns of the adver- tising pages. Collectors are invited to send short descrip- tions of their wants and offerings to the Collectors’ Mart. Wants and offerings will be inserted in this column without charge. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS takes no re- sponsibility in connection with any of the offerings sub- mitted. All communications should be addressed to ‘‘Col- lectors’ Mart, AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS, 361 Broadway, New York, N. Y.” All replies should be ac- companied by a blank envelope, stamped and marked with the register initials (which identify the wants and offer- ings) in the lower left hand corner of the envelope, the whole to be enclosed in the envelope addressed to the “‘Col- lectors’ Mart.’ Photographs should be carefully protected and packed flat. FOREIGN TRAVEL FOR AMERICAN TEACHERS HE Editor takes pleasure in calling the attention of the readers of AMERICAN HomMEs AND GARDENS to The Kahn Foundation for the Foreign Travel of American Teachers. The essential object of the Foundation is in no sense to further any special line of individual, and above all academic research. It is to enable men of proved intel- lectual attainments to enjoy during one year or more, suff- cient leisure and freedom from all professional pursuits or pre-occupations, to enter into personal contact with men and countries they might otherwise never have known. It is to enable them to issue from the world of books and their narrow sphere of habitual interests into the broader world of various civilizations and such human interests, struggles and endeavors as go to the making of general civilization. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS i VIROL CLC BOS FF TOUR beet From a disinterested survey of different countries, some at- tempt to enter into the spirit of their inner life from the mere contrast, however summarily or imperfectly perceived, of their varying aims and ideals, all living minds must necessarily receive a stimulus, lose prejudices, gain a broader view, a more generous and philosophical outlook on human life and the wider issues of civilization at large. It is in order to increase the number of men who have some per- sonal and direct knowledge of other countries than their own, some understanding appreciation of other civilizations, to give fuller opportunities for such comparisons between them as may gradually lead to a saner, kinder, more ac- curate and just conception of the world and the general movement of civilization, that these Traveling Fellowships have been founded. ACH year the Trustees select two or more American teachers, scholars or investigators as the beneficiaries of the trust thereby founded, advance and pay over to each of them out of the principle or income of the trust funds such sum or sums of money in instalments or otherwise as the Trustees may in their discretion determine. ‘This is one of the most interesting ‘‘foundations” yet established and its work will be watched with interest. WASHINGTON’S “PIED PIPER’ CRUSADE CCORDING to various reports in the daily news- papers, prominent women in the city of Washington have organized a crusade against rats in Centre Market, the chief source of the capital’s food supply. Officers of the Public Health Service have been called upon for aid in the projected extermination of the rodents. With Mrs. Archibald Hopkins at their head the women of the Nat- ional Civic Association propose to take the matter into court and prosecute all dealers who refuse to co-operate in this work. This movement closely follows a campaign waged in the city of Spokane in rat-infested localities. It is a subject worth careful consideration by Civic “House Cleaning” Associations. THE GROVER CLEVELAND MEMORIAL ARCH 18 witnessed the dedication, as a prominent memorial to Grover Cleveland, of the little wooden house where the distinguished statesman was born seventy- six years ago. The Grover Cleveland Birthplace Me- morial Association raised the funds for the preservation of the house, of which $5,000 was contributed by the resi- dents of Caldwell, New Jersey, the birthplace of the late ex-president. The association will need a fund of some $25,000 for the maintenance of the manse, which it is pro- posed to raise by public subscription. Until this result is obtained, thus enabling a guardian to be installed, the premises will continue to be occupied by the present resi- dents. The memorial is a two-story frame structure set back from the road behind two great elms. The associa- tion intends to paint it white with green trimmings and otherwise restore the house to the condition it was in when occupied by the owners. On the adjoining lot a memorial library wll be erected. The sum of $7,500 has already been donated toward the funds for this purpose. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS of) AA AA i ’ D Al : KG aes WHITE SEVEN sted om yy ight h DY Electrically Self ee an a e i = J r 7 rT HIB} H ak ONE RM ; MACS EE SEA = SS | saae' ‘ ) aig E | sy sl hk hh) D a il | DAS) ae DAR ee | a | : F) 0) rhs - | : lay mE | ‘fl ; il 4 Hale 5 ‘| oR s 1 te y H tal ay! 4 IB Oe we sme: ML Ey m8 Up 8 | Al alc ; Ie ly) Include All of the Improvements Which the Purchaser Should cel Sy ca wl vl as ol ee e ° ° D al as Insist Upon Obtaining in a High-Priced Car aN UU E etn, The discriminating purchaser should protect himself against the possi- ASM Alt bility of his car becoming obsolete in design shortly after his investment. = ava = os It is not enough that the car he chooses measures up to the prevailing DAI p standards of the day. Undue depreciation is bound to occur unless the wil / wills ° B all ly) car embraces every one of these fundamental features of design: i D h Left Side Drive—Right Hand Control—Electrical Starting and Lighting 5 5 , Long Stroke, Economical essere bi Cylinders— = oe Four Speed, Selective Transmission. ay i al wily i ; AMA) Alle h f these important MOM ell To purchase a car that does not have every one o p sat features is to purchase a car that is already practically obsolete. UY atl ‘ A White cars have possessed every one of these up-to-date, practical = v: features for two years. In White Cars the protection of your investment DH is unquestioned for years to come. The superior value of White Cars is om ot “i zl therefore evident. MAA) Ay And White Owners Know It é a Gasoline Motor Cars, Trucks and Taxicabs ee wl St aS af a PM SMM eM SMM SMA OL SM SNS MLN aA ML ML aS) | r : : : i N ls ath q at) US! I! cl wi a pes hs RU el ety hy At ee lly aa sil ay Ay yaya iy ay AN ly f ¥, ay | 4 "al Su ily i “i A Hl il Yq 4 } d 4 i! Ww, eh wll PARE DRI hae f Z 3 Eu UREDIBE RIB YEE Ht a DB ke De Ry — a “ni lt Milos lbs hhislhas lag il Mo | ; tll a ga Ke ; M Pp A Y Eth iW ND TH E. O i | Hf \ 5 | i, A f tay ‘0m ) 133 TT + OF my ip F we oy i Hy: | ‘ay § ; , aN ANS ) Ca ASOT om MRL AG p | TIS! AS! AE ARC LEV ELAN DUS! AUS! AS aU ae ri uty algal) lh aly “aly tal il aly ily) yay ely "cal yy el ay] yal hy i ; , | : | i ¢ h 0 n H D , ’ i D F , |k D | H ; I p f any D ‘ : 5 ‘ q p Hi 7 rea } ink Y wl I wil Hi | ( ah eae a Mls a A a a AT ae aS a 2 yl pe! a D ut se i wa fi i a | ar wl yh ty je wally i a am TAL al wally Jo 5 iy ly bs afl J ly i tn yt I vai tt lis. wlll itm Fan l wilt Fria ety ’ AMERICAN.HOMES Bit CAND GARDERS © = coool ee CONTENTS FOR MAY? TX 3 THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A SITE FOR A SMALL HOUuSE.......... DT oe Frontispiece EAGUISE Se OERIAODIER AGRE SIZ ots 4 Saks eos ee, Fae vhs eda eek # By Gardner Teall 147 SEE ie eA DEI SEPORVONIAE TE EACH Sis Gia. s se. ci50% foes) ahs soh swede e's, eae 3 By F. F. Rockwell 153 EGR OR IRE INI DC (CTE Qe Ban a ar oe Te5a7 RSE MAP EO IOUSESOIND 52 20554 Pat foal ho. Wea By Harold Donaldson Eberlein 158 POIMGEE DN UIP WAL VVORK: 2) 5 0S c ly ene eee ec By Emory Leadyard 162 MrpESet Sere LOUSHHOE ONUCCO. Beiaegs 5 cence cS ae te ee le By Kirby Hendricks 163 Ree DON DOES) tiaras 0. eos iia Wd ne heen eile be eke 168-169 OTST (ETA Co ea eet On hae eae Se oe By Ida J. Burgess 170 oo URL TG AT 8 gn ec ce ee a By Margaret H. Pratt 173 PP aE Pe AGISE EIN “NUCKAHOB, INEW YORK. Gace fs bee nhl ue ae tee ew eee 176 _ LE SAT TRIE See ecu ce ee emamal Siege cite kee ein at Ae a ree aaa By Robert H. Van Court 177 wT es YETI le ee To geen i a ar By Henry Sewell 179 CHAIRS OF CHIPPENDALE, HEPPELWHITE AND SHERATON....By Mary H. Northend 183 WITHIN THE House: hice little hiings in thesOUSe. 6.4 2. oh. e. 2