Fin er cr PE POA SU UPA nape area Sar P IE Puree he ’ ror ; een doherty 554 a OPO RIRIRIR IRI RIQLIOLIQLIOLIO’S o s xn Saco RIPMADONIBINILAILAIMIRINARAL-IDLIMIMUARVARVRIRG Moma ace Macaca % 1) Lalo Svalpscalb J) House of L. W. Reid, Haverford, Pa.......; 4 House of E. C. Richardson, Magnolia, Mass.*301 House of William Roberts at Ogontz, Pa.... *62 House of A. E. Rose, Wittenberg Park, Cats- kill, NeW ciicaswis chau tt Genesee enone *248 House of Winthrop Sargent, at Haverford, Pa. by Paull hucstone esse ee eee *16 House of George S. Scott, Bala, Pa........ *236 House of Henry Seligman, Elberon, N. J.. House of William J. Serrill, Haverford, Pa. .*228 House of Douglas Sherley, Bar Harbor, Me.*170 House of Mrs. Mabel Hunt Slater, Blue Hill District, near Boston, Mass, by George IBNROTNANONO Fence teetis cr BER Phos PRERENDER ere *56 House of Anson Phelps Stokes, Noroton, CONT OME ye. sce. ie tts pa ooneane eas *405 House, of" J. > Ji: Storrow, Lincoln, Mass., by IReNholbt GkeveIMIEKiaubbly | een ns ecco nee oe es *253 House of Arnold G. Talbot, Lonsdale, R. I. .*105 House of Wendell & Treat, Essex Fells, INR Poors Meee ete ra atccac tc ahh te hice vine acer ae 7236 House of Charles W. Welsh, Oak Lane, Pa., bay Ibynbti IBehtiiraNih oo pee sees do cem eon eee *O7 House of Francis M. Whitehouse, Manches- ter=by-the-Sea,, Mass. 0h cece cece ea ee ete *67 House of Henry N. Whittlesley, Farmington, (COSaNG iss Ai, cog ely cvs Ser MN coor en “266 House of Willis Whittlesley, Bryn Mawr Fats ops NEE VA are caus eS hcp tar eet aagsee Oech ieeoteeee 3 *IT3T House of Maxwell Wyeth, Rosemont, Pa., by Francis Durando Nichols............ *467 House for Laurence Vissher Boyd, Wayne, TEES Nea AGREE conten co 0c SR en ores House for James W. Hughes, Oakwood, L. I. House for William G. Massarene, Deal, N. J.*2 House for Jacob Menken, Dyker Heights, IN|, OAc eee he 3 ea #389 House for Ross and Fenton, Deal, N. J....*255 House for J. D. Sawyer, Greenwich, Conn. .*256 Houses at Dyker Heights, N. Y., three low cost, by Paul Whitrston...........2.5.-. *306 Houses, three types of, at Roslyn, L. L., by Francis Durando Nichols, Nassau Elec- iat Gallet olntimoy CO sedteena a aces eer eetienas ee we Houses, three i inexpensive, by Francois Picard*23 Houses, three modern, by Burr Bartram. 0 Houses, two modern, by Paul T hurston....*100 How to tour in an automobile, by Harry lana Steerer tyke ore eon ee Savvis 8 Hoyt, James K., Sound Beach, Conn........ Hubbard, Mrs. Alice G., Sound Beach, Conn. 169 Hughes, James W., Oakwood, ORM Cease acre. * 300 “Hurstmont,” the estate of James Tolman Pyles Wornstows, Noize... 0006.2... *205 Inglenook, an artistic, Mr. Cromwell, Wvyo- TINT OMEN aa We thee F< shee shell ait cand 4) Ingomals, Mr., Dyker Heights, N. Y Interior woodwork for the house, Dy George Ethelbert Walsh................ 3 Iris garden, the, by Ida D. Bennett Iron work, the revival of artistic hand- wrought, by Frederick Bottal........... "77 Italian jars, the, Mrs. Guy Norman, Beverly GoviemaMlaSs®, sams iemtself eters he nab meoee ve 326 Itahan villa, an, John W. McDonald........ at) Japanese morning glory, the, by Ida D. Ben- TUG Linens Reve y oka caresses eee ceo sihce sen tipie hn Sonat cs 8o Jars, the Italian, Mrs. Guy Norman, Beverly (GowewmViaissr einen ste eee ae *226 Jefferson, Thomas, Monticello, Va.......... *63 Kilpatrick, Claud e, Magnolia, Mass........ *184 “King’s Cote,” George J. Gould, Lakewood, Noy. by. Burr Bartram Reet 9 en eae *73 Kitchen furniture, by Sarah Adams Keller.. 06 Kitchen, Longfellow’s house, the, Portland, TINGS Nort celta eee Ae eae ar Greet ee *235 Kitchens of the olden time, by Esther Sin- GARE Koynh We eee Wie ce on Os A Eee ee ‘IAI Kitchen, using the, by Sarah Adams Kellar.. 160 Klock, J. E., Wittenberg Park, Catskill, N. Y 249 Laundry and garage, the, Court Mora-de- Moray, Villa Novas (Pati. tee gue es *210 “Laurento,” the estate of Craig Biddle, Wayne, TET. a ea Sn peel ce nee ate eeepc oe Library, the, Craig Biddle, Wayne, Pa...... Library, the, W. K. Chase, Farmington, Conn.*2¢ Library, the, Howard L. Clark, Warren, R. I.*128 Library, the, W.S. Cowles, Farmington, Conn.*260 Library, the, John H. Dunean, Highland IB Calc ippsiN ial eee cet ep tics, Le hae ete aned « *135 Library, the, J. F. McFadden, Haverford, 30 Library, the, Henry Seligman, Elberon, one Library, the, W. J. Sherrill, Haverford, p220) Library, the, Anson Phelps Stokes, ee tO Men COMM: Mya utebeiriaecie Saves e004 dvigsvallers b5 *400 Lilac, the culture of the white, by W. G. Fitz- (Geral emer ten ta. seis cpanel sad Ho Gene wee *452 Lily pond and pergola in the garden of Fred- erick, PB. Efill) Water Witch, N. J...... *162 Lily pond, the, Francis M. Whitehouse, Man- chester-by eee INES Seiiceespesien neers. *68 Lion, the stone, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Mag- nolia, INILE Sis Caro ocaetor coo ere ae eee ee * 210 Living-hall, Douglas Sherley, Bar Harbor, WITS) cura pee otcts Serene eee TTY Living-hall, the, Mr. Hettrick, Highland CACHING MN tieiser Raich a, scs-tueccke ih easel omaraie AT 77 Living-room, an Itnglish, Winthrop Sargent, lalenicimioitale. “12 ata She eee ee Cree eee *TO Living-room, the, Samuel abot, Ponka- POAC MEVLASS sed aai mers iatcatrde@Pticievccelecce ars 286 Living-room, the, Charles T. Cout: int, Wit- Lenbenermmcukym Catskills uN Yin. s «eae ee cie *240 IN D E X— Continued Living-room, the, Mrs. Anna Erbacher, Water Watch Nie Viercarcttets scant Sie ote nh howe mera *4l2 Living-room, the, E. H. Fay, Wellesley, Mass.*344 Living-room, the, Clinton Gage, Villa Nova, ais Pepe tees Perky Ve nyc etet sere sate ee une *206 Living-room, F. P. Hill, Water Witch, N. J.*167 Living-room, the, James K. Hoyt, Sound EXE olny MCosihOly aoe Ae nen come pe Gane monte *T72 Living-room, the, Claude Kilpatrick, Mag- noliateWassiye caus: Sctach cee etre a eel *186 Living-room, A. W. Lord, Water Witch, N. J.*458 Living-room, the, William F. May, Newton Genteny Miasswc state ete ere se eeee *478 Living-room, the, Count Mora-de-Mora, Wallick INionicl; Hass wc osc aneo nope soon *222 Living-room, the, Thomas Nash, Easthamp- ton Lay ae ee ect mec eee * Living-room, A. C. Phelps, Ithaca, N. Y....* Living-room, the, E. C. Richardson, Mag- Noliai WiasSanener ener eee = *3201 Living-room, the, Anson Phelps Stokes, INKor conor, (Cophtnh yen no noe he noo co oon oeeee *408 Living-room, the, J. J. Storrow, Lincoln, INVASS AE oe ners ect oe ae eae *357 Living-room, the, James Tolman Pyle, Mor- WON Uy INE En oma Bocmnes ots aoe ae *200 Living-room, Willis Whittlesley, Bryn Mawr [ere cla NIE aR) deem Car PRO UR a no Ae UTE Living-room and hall, Edwin J. Lucas, Mount MéGronloyi INI WEEP acon noo Onn uO ae *6O1 Lodge, the, Henry Seligman, Elberon, N. J.*447 Log bungalows, three inexpensive, by Joseph IDE VHhinveAtoyit “a She oeeoacdqannsatine Gee sens *254 Log house, a, Charles F. Coutant, Witten- lnsifes Ieehohe, (Oni oMll sINS SCo each as’ copue Koa Log house, a, A. E. Rose, Wittenberg Park, @atsloill Nie Yicwe ean aetna. -cer etek *246 Log house, J. E. Klock, Wittenberg Park, @ats kills ins GYasy. comicaw naeevdaaus mer iene *249 Log house, Douglas Sherley, Bar Harbor, LNG eSpace Race ear ie tft era Gane ee | EN RP % Loggia, the, Samuel Cabot, Ponkapoag, Mass.*286 Loggia, the,, Howard L. Clark, Warren, R. I.*12 Loggia, the, J. J. Storrow, Lincoln, Mass... .*354 Loggias, piazza and, Jacob Menken, Dyker VST OILS aIN ei View ecarrste eee nett eee ares * 389 Loggias, the upper, John W. McDonald...... *6 Longfellow mansion at Portland, Me., the, by Mary Caroline Crawford............... 4933 Looms and spinning wheels, Arnold G. Tal- bot ons alem ik als eee eee * 107 Lord, Austin W., Water Witch, N. J...... *456 Lowestoft armorial china, by N. Hudson MOOK eh Age etter tee at Oe ok er eee *193 Lucas, Edwin J., Mount Vernon, N. Y...... *6T Lure of the trail, the, by Katherine Louise Srititht Geen bua enue rau tena adeee "109 Make-believe flowers, by S. Leonard Bastin. .*31 Mansions of the James River, historic. I, “Martin's Brandon,” the home of the Harrisons, by Francis Durando Nichols. .*329 Mansions of the James River, historic. II, “Shirley,” the ancestral home of the Car- ters, by Francis Durando Nichols........ wigs Mansions of the James River, historic. III, “Westover,” the ancestral home of the Byrds, now the Ramsey homestead, by Francis Durando Nichols.............. *ATA Mantel and doorway in the hall, Thomas Jefferson, Monticello, Va................ *66 Mantel and fireplace, Mr. Cromwell, Wyo- THUITT ING pel Sereerte uses Payee acneBesShevaueer rz ayeeeeaee sss *O3 Mantel in the hall, the, James Tolman Pyle, IMkonaaiswoniialy IN WG As sesae on occas Meats *207 Mantel, the drawing-room, Henry N. Whit- tlesley, Farmington, Conmi....::s2ae.e- * 260 Manual training in public schools, by Charles .. Mo lais Ones eed ous weniecosveh aeecatays ewer [70 Marble statues at the base of the steps to the sunken garden, Henry Seligman, E1]- heroin INE Mee ae cams c.ty7 Sewers *AAD Martin’s Brandon, the home of the Harrisons, by Francis Durando Nichols........... i Massarene, William G., Deal, N. J.......... Materials for wall coverings................ 413 May, William F., Newton Center, Mass..... *470 McAdoo, W. G, Yonkers, N. Y............ *TOO McAlpin, Charles W., Morristown, N. J..... *o4 MeDonald, John W., Monmouth Beach, N.. E McFadden, G. Franklin, Haverford, Pa...... *365 “Meadowbank,” How Clinton Gage trans- formed a farm into a delightful country seat at Villa Nova, Pa., by Francis Du- joauibKaloys INfkelnvellsy — gan Mees comaee. cau aoe F204 Menken, Jacob, Dyker Heights, N. Y........ 289 Meeting of the land and sea, the............ K2A3 “Millbrook Farm,’ J. Franklin’ Meladden, Hlaertonay, pleciemeserriere tesasaccsrnmese ett rene *365 Model house costing thirty-seven hundred dollars, a, by Burr Bartrani........... . *T 31 Monthly comment..4, 44, 84, a 104, 204, 244, 284, 324, 304, 404, 444 “Monticello,” the home of Thomas Jefferson, Dy WaldenlawCettccememee +5e0 oes sacee £63 “Moonhaw Lodge,” Charles T. Coutant, Wit- tenbene atin WatslotllemINe Ys aca) acteu cee k246 Mora-de-Mora, Count, Villa Nova, Pa...... k2109 111 H. L. Clark, Warren, R. I.*129 Waldo K. Chase, Itarm- Morning-room, the, Morning-room, the, INNe COIs GCOMMN soccer aes eke siete ae OS'S 262 Morning-room, the, William Shefheld Cowles, IRchaoabbokewosoyy \Gioyebl, ayo ona ano ocean eee *260 Morning-room, the, Westover, James River, VAP oe ce eeiere ohne ieee ete atin Set caenunts Gree Peto teeearease TAL Movable houses, by Ernest Myer............ 73 Murray, Harvey D., Cape Elizabeth, Me....*174 Nash; Phomas, Easthampton, 1. 1.......:.. 274 Nassau Electric Lighting Co., Roslyn, L. I... *ro Nautical house, a, John H. Dunean, High- land Beach, N. J., by Paul Thurston....*134 Neuber, M. F., Glenside, Pa................ *60 New ant lore, by George Bullock.......... uk ite) Nineteenth century bedroom, the, by Esther Simp Leto mvntea aati cmecn deieaee ieee sustoneierarcunts *289 Normandy house, a, Francis M. Whitehouse, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Mass........... *67 Norman, Mrs. Guy, Beverly Cove, Mass....*325 “North Farm,’ the estate of, Howard L. Clarke Warren Rip les sseneuseriyetovtone- aaron 125 North shore garden at Manchester-by-the- Sea, Richard H. Northend Notable American gardens, by Barr Ferree, Mrs. Guy Norman's, Beverly Cove, Mass.*325 Notable American homes, by Tomaso Cam- biaso, “The Blow-by-the-Sea,” John W. Dana, by Mary H. McDonald, Monmouth Beach, N. J...... a Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree, “Laurento,” the estate of Craig Biddle, VW /allyrr © sea le cle suse tery ese eWege ncvien ta: Om toro ete ene tatts *A5 Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree, the house of R. L. Burton, Cedarhurst, LSM Meare Mca ces eeaie Nl. ny eerie eA LO *85 Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree, “North Farm,” the estate of Howard L. Oibndie ) Wienencnl, lee Ie Sean oocs ee oon *125 Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree, “Hurstmont,’ the estate of James Tol- man Pyle, Morristown, N. J.......... *205 Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree, “Pakeen,” the house of Samuel Cabot, leterakeakovepver, IBIS ah654.chocncennooconce, *285 Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree, “Millbrook Farm,” the country ape of J. Franklin McFadden, Haverford, Pa. .*365 Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree, Brick House,” the home of Anson Phelps Stokes, Norotomy, Conims.+.+.: sess. 0.. *405 Notable American homes, by Ferree, “Shorelands,” the seaside villa of Henry Seliginaiy, Hl eroma Nes ale sen seers cree *4AS Nuptials of the flowers, the, by Percy Collins*214 Old brick house of interesting form, an, Wel- lesley Hills, Mass., by John E. Jenks....*344 Old Farmington, by Francis Durando Nichols*257 “Old Gate,” the summer home of Admiral William Shefheld Cowles, Farmington, Conn., by Francis Durando Nichols......*257 Olive ranch, life on the, by Holder Orchid, the cult of the, Charles Le I by S. Leonard Bastin *7 Organized anarchy among bees, by Gaston IB ONIMIS RAF cane Sicae eee otey hve ts sie SI ent ees 7228 Pakeen,” the house of Samuel Cabot, Ponk- apoag, IRS Stee Racer fn coer nan cote a, ears *285 Parke, Gov., a portrait of, Martin's Brandon, AfeaiEhy RGRiaiey AVENE avn Snes oS enous ae * 320 Parlor, the, Longfellow’s mansion, Portland, IVA te Nees open teste gees ieee, eee ae mere ie era err ee *234 Path from the loggia, the central, F. M. Whitehouse, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Mass. *69 Path, the wood, Francis M. Whitehouse, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Mass........... *69 Patio, the, Mr. Hettrick, Highland Beach, INA ect ceoyerted ver cu eerie cee togtn aee Teens *176 Pelican, the white, by B. S. Bowdish....... 304 Pennsylvania farm house, a, how it was trans- formed into a beautiful dwelling and its grounds into a delightiul garden, by Francis Durando Nichols............... *219 Pergola garden, Charles W. McAlpin, Mor- TAS COWS Nis Jicwersus en susecteryesisseyd cetera *82, OS Pergola in the garden, the lily pond and, Frederick P. Hill, Water Witch, N. J. .*162 Pergola, the, Howard 1. Clark..:...4...0.-. 22 Pergola, the, R. H. Dana, Manchester, Mass.*419 Pergola, the, Norman [llison, Merion, Pa.. 5 Pergola, the, John W. McDonald........... 3 Pergola, the, FE. C. Richardson, Magnolia, INLCUS S Stee eenene arene SOM artery anys. eure: *303 Pergola, the rose-covered, J. Franklin Me- Fadden, Haverford, Pa................. F270 “Phelcroft,” Prof. A. C. Phelps, Ithaca, N. Y., Diver EGrraim) COlS sla Cau Cnet iemaaeran erat: 7130 Piazza and pergola, Norman Ellison, Merion, Ban apres yo wacncereeanwacirce iacteeear meyers *52 Piazza, the enclosed, John W. McDonald.... *8 Piazza, the, Mr. Cromwell, Wyoming, N. J. *o1 Piazzas and loggias, Jacob Menken, Dyker Frei@hts,N. Yeuses.vasiccuseen eesedoece #389 1V “Play-room,” the, Mrs. Mabel Hunt Slater, Blue Hill District, near Boston, Mass... *59 Pond, the lily, Francis M. Whitehouse, Man- ehester-by-the-=Sea,, Miassmwa.cnen yu e002 *68 Pool and fountain, the, Richard H. Dana, Manchester mel VigsSsi. 2 msyay.ncetecdei caste eteioes *420 Pool, the, J. F. McFadden, Haverford, Pa.. .*366 Pool, the spacious, in the formal garden, James Tolman Pyle, Morristown, N. J..*203 Porch, the, Howard L. Clark, Warren, R. I. .*126 Porch, the, W. S. Cowles, Farmington, Conn.*258 Porch, the, Norman Ellison, Merion, Pa.... *52 Porch, the, Mr. Hettrick, Highland Beach, INA A eer cece e Ce nee ene 1075, Porch, the, W. F. May, Newton Center, Mass.*477 Porch, the, Thomas Nash, Easthampton, L. I.*350 Porch, the, Shirley, James River, Va...... $375 Porch, the, L. W. Reid, Haverford, Pa....*439 Porch, the, J. J. Storrow, Lincoln, Mass. . | 354 Porch, the entrance, Henry N. Whittlesley, ATMS COT en COMM vere sine ace ce siskess *260 Porte cochere, the, Craig Biddle, Wayne, Pa. *46 Portico, the, Thomas Jefferson, Monticello, AV sa eupersese seer in aa Oise te voter taste Mee cane neato sabe *65 Portico, the classic, R. L. Burton, Cedar- Ip cRSh os, WL ts ea ene ie ener, ahem Merete Ato *90 Portico, the, W. K. Chase, Farmington, Conn.*264 Portico, the entrance, Samuel Cabot, Ponka- POAC aNVIASSS slectrces coe, cree ciictkers « aietere *285 Portraits, Shirley, James River, Va........ e277, Port Sunlight, a significant experiment in Enghsh building, by Mabel Tuke Priest- if 21101) RES a Nee RON a eA *305 Preserving the eggs, by A. S. Atkinson...... 40 allie "cleanliness! ac eec sw eceee ose olere ees 5! Public value of the private garden, the...... 30 Purification of sewage and factory waste, by I, 1Byoyailllevatexeseu nag coun ecenoe sos coenenn PRO Pyle, James Tolman, Morristown, N. J...... *205 Question of the fireplace, the, John A. Gade. *33 Raising grapes for the suburban home, by He PAE OWGll eerste. Mapocere tuts ote ee, sue 5 Oe 451 Ranch, life on the olive, by Charles | Inltolalere SARS ata BM eaetener orate 98 eee Nearer a 114 Reception-room, James Tolman Pyle, Mor- TISCO Wily, ING Mere ase rye axe wae sere ie cveyecere 22 Reception-room, the, Biddle, Wayne, Pa.. *47 “Redruff Farm,” summer home of James K. Hoyt, Sound Beach, Conn., by Francis. Diirancom Nichols serverreceacns tees uts o¢ S72 Reidy le Wee dlaverittond, Pav ..sceeie ae seo *430 Revival of artistic hand-wrought iron work, the, by Frederick Bottal................ 177) Richardson, E. C., Magnolia, Mass.......... *201 Roberts, William, “Ogontz, IPavi.a.......... *62 “Rock Ledge,’ A. E. Rose, Wittenberg Park, Gavts Toil NS Van ee ree Oe, ARO pte ccc *248 Romance of old teakwood, by Mary H. Nico) Tatil ta Che pose ateeancceee tear aa rave neural cte oa *463 Rose, A. E., Wittenberg Park, Catskill, N. Y.*248 Rose for house decoration, the use of the, by Charless Pawblolder. wise sce eeseann owas ss #137 Rose pergola, the, J. Franklin Mcl adden, leleitderntoy cals: IB Rit ernst over te See pint, *=270 IOS ehoxal INsairopoy, IDKEIy INE Io ss opens aroe *255 Round a Dutch bulb farm, by S. Leonard IS US UItaeran sent era eet cp diay clara aie cist n egreee *TO7 Sargent, Winthrop, Haverford, Pa.......... *r6 Dpawyer J... Greenwich, Conm...:2 1. ss. - *256 School and the children in civic betterment, Cr eevee rs erasers eacretis Giese eee 159 Schools, manual training in public, by Charles Geaolinso neers cee seme eee ee ee «70 Cot, eGcorce Balas Base oc. eeu. +236 Seat and canopy in the garden wall, Mrs Guy Norman, Beverly Cove, Mass...... R20 Seat, marble, the, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Miacnolia, Mass. .0....00s..2.0..42..s0004- *318 Se ligman, Henry, Elberon, N. Ji.........--- *AA5 Serrill, William Uipeblavientord, arcs... 2) *228 Servant hall, the, Clinton Gage, Villa Nova, 1 oles Ree HERS Cts See a ane eR ea) a *207 Servant quarters, Shirley, James River, Va. .*376 Sewage, disposal for the house, by Ralph Funesti mB ake aa. ces cnuhetlewre ees cones. oscar *206 Stucco and stone house, a, Winthrop Sargent, Havertond,: Parris aciean cer eee 17, Stucco and stone house, Wendell and Treat, Fisséx: sells Neale recent Seer *236 Stucco house, John W. McDonald.......... *5 Stucco house, a, Jacob Menken, Dyker Heights, Ne Wiow vaceas eet. ee *380 Stucco house, a, Francis M. Whitehouse, Manchester-by-the-Sea, Mass............ *67 Stucco house, a half-timbered, by John Moir.*424 Stucco houses, Port Sunlight, England...... *205 Stucco house with white marble trimmings, George J. Gould, Lakewood, N. J....... *T4 Study of new apples, a, by E. P. Powell.... 120 Study, the, Howard L. Clark, Warren, R. I.*130 Study, the, J. J. Storrow, Lincoln, Mass... .*356 Summer camp, a boy’s, by Rhebe Westcott Humphreys Summer cottage of Francis Cushing, Esq., Cushing’s Island, Me., the, by Francis Durandos Nicholsi445-eeeee ee eee 178 Summer home, a small successful, by John Maylor® Caming the Simi wih «San Sseecag with Oyee. The Col san te Poult Beth ste tbe Batis aad Saeed iu “o shwaga Rady for Uo cA January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v e The original The Gorton WELL! AB UVEALLTH INGS ! smooth- surfaced Vapor Vacuum U BE RO i : ) weather-proof System of Heating e elastic frnetieaeacrstermrod e can absolutely govern Roofing the temperature in any room by graduating the open- ing of the radiator valve, and the radiator will only be heated in proportion to the amount of steam admitted; therefore no room is overheated, which means a great saving in fuel. To avoid imitations, look for our Registered Trade-Mark “RUBEROID” stamped on the under side of each length. Also look for our name, as sole manufacturers, printed on the outside wrapper This System costs less to install complete than the ordinary hot-water system, and it can be put in by any steam-fitter. Catalogue on application. For Handsome Dwellings use RUBEROID RED ROOFING A PERMANENT ROOFING Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. 96 Liberty Street, New York City Ge “CHAMPION” LOCK JOINT Metal Shingle Inexpensive, Ornamental, Durable MADE BY ||| J.H. ELLER J\\ & CO. 1610 E. 5th St. CANTON, 0. wir A PERMANENT COLOR uae ” The only prepared roofing combining weather-proof, fire-resisting ee é A | eke Ceti oo as if properties with a decorative effect. SEND FOR SAMPLES Ns Wala seh A AN ea cornices: NG y ey Skylights, Ceili '; THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY nate Sole «Manufacturers 100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK A Never-Failing Water Supply with absolute safety, at small cost, may be had by using the Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine Bee by us for more than 30 years, and sold in every country in the world. Ex- clusively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman. So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold 30 years ago being still in active service. Send for Catalogue “E”’ to nearest office. Our remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant Smokeless Gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one- fourth as much as acetylene. Most Durable and Least Expensive Apparatus to Maintain in effective, perpetual operation. Gives services of lighting, cooking and heating, Fullest satis- faction guaranteed, and easy terms. The very apparatus for suburban homes, institutions, etc. We construct special apparatus also for fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equivalent to city gas at 50 cents per 1ooo cubic feet. and made to respond to very large demands; also for light- ing towns, etc, C. M. Kemp Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md. Rider - Ericsson Engine Co. 35 Warren St., New York 40 Dearborn St., Chicago 40 N.7th St., Philadelphia 289 Franklin St., Boston 234 Craig St. West, Montreal, P.Q. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W. Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1907 THE HALFTONE with THIS ADVERTISEMENT ILLUSTRATES A L’Art Nouveau Mantel and Fire Place The tile used are a 6 inch by 6 inch glazed with our Matt glaze No. 772, a charming tone of soft Sea Green. We make eighteen new colors in Matt glazed tile for Wainscoting and Fire Place work. If you contemplate building a home, and propose to use tile, write us stating your requirements, also give us your views as to color. We employ astaff of expert designers and decorators ; you can command their services without cost. We stand for all that is artistic and elegant in tile work for Walls and Floors of Vestibules, Living Rooms, Dining Rooms, Bathrooms, Kitchens, etc. Special Designs for Porch Floors. If your dealer cannot show you samples of our position to do so. TRENT TILE COMPANY ** Della Robbia’’ and Matt glazed tile advise us and we will put him ina TRENTON, NEW JERSEY 9 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Makers of Wall and Fire Place Tile,.Non-Abis'o ribreme Floor Tile, Ceramic Mosaics, Architectural Faiencesmetes WRITE DEPARTMENT “A” . FOUR: CA TALON GRUaE “A WARM GREETING FOR THE NEW YEAR. IS ASSURED IF YOU HEAT WITH KINNEAR, 7.) META | PRESS SED atone EVER BEFORE were the rigors of winter regarded so lightly as they now are by those who heat with Ainnear Pressed Metal Radiators. li A cast-iron radiator requires more than three times as long to comfortably heat a room and is not to be compared with the Kinnear in economy of fuel. Then, too, think of the wasted room, the injury to floors from excessive weight, the annoyance caused by the slow action of cast-iron radiators, etc., and your choice will be made, for all these objections are eliminated when you heat with Kinnear Pressed Metal Radiators They occupy but half the space of cast-tron radi- ators. They wergh but one-third as much. They respond more quickly when heat 7s wanted. They cool more quickly when heat ts not wanted. They economize fuel. Their first cost ts slightly lower than the old-style cast radiators. They look better and are more durable. Aren’t these reasons enough to induce you to in- vestigate Kinnear Radiators? We can give other reasons—a multitude if you want them. Call at our nearest branch or write for Catalog D. The Pressed Radiator Co. Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. A. BRANCHES New York, Flatiron Bldg. Seattle, 408 Occidental Ave. Chicago, First Nat. Bank Bldg. Indianapolis,State Life Bldg. St. Louis, 312 S. 8th St. Oakland, 922 Franklin St. Kansas City, Heist Bldg. Detroit, Buhl Bldg. Toronto, Ont.,302 Queen St. San Antonio, Moore Bldg. Milwaukee, 69 Second St. Minneapolis, 407 Boston Block London, Eng., 19-21 Tower St., Upper St. Martin’s Lane SS ———__SS aaa FOR CATALOGUE} a P Expert advice and service * Special Designs for Residences, Alterations, Bungalows, Interior Decoration, Grounds and Pergolas in any section + Consultation * and + Correspondence * Solicited 5+ PRATT: STREET - HARTFORD: CONNNECTICUT Strongest, best on the market, Fences poultry in, stock out, and. lasts. Costs less erected than common netting, because it requires no boards at ~? top or bottom and so few 4 posts—one every 50 feet. You can’t afford to buy poultry fence without in- vestigating Page. Write for descriptions. Page Woven Wire Fence Co. Box856 , Adrian. Mich. at I NAME 1A PCMH MT NORM RE es ME PHONY, January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vil Buy Tits BEEBooK Character In Doors The doors of your house should be chosen for their character and should be in harmony with the architectural motif. They should so combine good design with good construction as to become an integral and permanent part of the building. All the good, practical, new things; all the time-tried facts about bees and honey; you’ll find them in A B C of Bee-Culture. A book of 500 pages, 550 illustra- tions, arranged like an encyclopedia from ‘‘A to Z.’’ Any subject easy to find. Over 100,000 have been sold. Expert bee- keepers keep it at their elbows. organ OOors Beginners ; ; in bee- meet these specifications as no other doors do, be- keeping pe eee cause they are produced under a perfect system of * it. Itsells 7 manufacture, and by artists and artisans whose sole on its own : : : « ” merits Tevous ie aim has been to identify the name of “Morgan don’t like it, with all that is best in door design and construction. we’ll send back Tatty ata CRN SoH The products of the Morgan shops, as a conse- quence, not only prove their superiority to the discriminating eye, but are sold under; return the book. ‘The ith “Gleanings } an agreement that is an unconditional price is $1.20 postpaid or guarantee of satisfactory service. They 59 liure ae $2 cost no more than other doors. “Gleanings”’ is a live, wide-awake bee-magazine. Comes twice Write today for our illustrated booklet, a month—lst and 15th. 60 to 72 big pages with plenty of photos J The Door Beautiful,” telling you and drawings. It answers hundreds of your questions about bees J more about them. Sent free on request. and honey; tells about all the ‘‘new wrinkles;’’ warns beginners i Architects and builders are urged to write for our 64- % page catalogue, entitled ““The Perfect Door,’’sent free in bee-culture what to avoid and how to make money with bees the : : : aj i 9 her where the request is written on business stationery. easiest way. In one year you get over 1200 pages of live, valuable 7 . : ~ G Ry bee-literature. Price alone one dollara year. Send $2.00 now. Morgan Co., Dept. A, OshKosh, Wis i ees next spring and get hon A ; Start with b pring get honey to eat and some to sell, Distributing Points: THE A. 1. ROOT COM PANY, Morgan Sash and Door Co., West 22nd and Union Sts., Chicago. LE r a 5 A A forgan Company, Union Trust Building, Baltimore, Md. Medina, Ohio, New York City. Chicago, Ill. Philadelphia, Pa. ‘lista devan oer pA pas Washington, D. C, St, Paul, Minn. Syracuse, N. Y. Mechanic Falls, Me, MUS apo words, Beater Olly; Michigan: PUBLISHED SSE SS SSSA [SE SS American Estates and Gardens By BARR FERREE Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’’ Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute of British Architects NA SUMPTUOUS BOOK deal- ing with some of the most stately houses & charming gardens in America The illustrations are . ws Ps ite in nearly all cases je BB ys i eR ene eh 2 i made from original @ i y a ae ee photographs, & are Var be Seimei beautifully printed = : es eg on double coated : paper. Attractively bound. The book will prove one of the most interesting books of the year &¥ will fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a lux- urious book on our American Homes. 4to. 11x 133 inches. Illuminated Cover and 275. [llustra- tions. 306 Pages Price, $10.00 A Munn & Company Publishers of *“ Scientific American’’ No. 361 Broadway Mh Gili AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS | January, 1907 A CONCRETE RESIDENCE AT MONTCLAR, N. J. D. Se VAN ANTWERP, ARCHITECT Going to Build or Remodel ? HAT hind of a House? What floor plan arrangement? W What style of architecture? What color scheme and style of decoration ? : ; These four vital questions, all of which sust be decided before you start, can be quickly solved by subscribing to KEITH’S MAGAZINE (ESTABLISHED 1889) the leading Monthly Magazine on Home Building, Decorating and Fur- nishing, and the only cne which makes a special study of homes costing from § 2,500 10 $10,000. ea . ee : tice dssue contains Complete Descriptions, Color Schemes, Building Estimates, Exterior Views, and full Floor Plans of from 6 to 16 modern homes, selected from the current work of the leading Architects of the Country; a total of about 140 Plans a year. “ ee i Each issue also contains several Economics; a total of 64 to 80 pages CONCRETE COUNTRY RESIDENCES is the title of strated Special Articles, by ser issue. In addition, there is a Da é Lae rene: and Regular free Readers’ Service Department a new book just published by the Atlas Portland Cement Co. ar e S ) rchitec ve rhich answers fer sonal tion . . - 5 Departments on Architectural which answers fersona pees bhis hook contains Aout 90 phetooeaphe mee Agor plane ‘ius. Details, Interior Decoration, on any of these subjects. » Furnishings. Notes anc lished monthly. Yearly sub- F : Momo ee eee da ai scription, §r.so; (foreign, $2). trating numerous styles of concrete houses, and should be of ials +r ( > Gar- Single copies, 15c., at news- r ae poe Aa erecta cr great value to those who are about to build. It has been col- oho GREERS Prete lated for the purpose of showing prospective house-builders the To any one sending a year’s subscription within dU days, 3 4 Twil/ send Aiea ee issues, Jibei target sir hare = many advantages to be derived from a concrete dwelling. A on‘ Bungalows and Summer Cottages >? (this number de~ ‘ . - Ma a scribes in detail the $2,000 Bungalow illustrated above) copy of this book (size 10x12 in.) will be sent, charges paid, anda Special number on ~ Plaster and Concrete Houses.” a A Sample Copy mailed postpaid to any one sending me upon receipt of $1 p 00. Address THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY Special proposition for Local Subscription Represens 30 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK CITY tatives—details on request. Department No. 10 MAX L. KEITH, Publisher 531 Lumber Exchange Minneapolis, Minne } HEARTS## 7 a H Fl THE -3 ABRAHAM LINCOLN: . es ARUSANDTLE WOMAN | COURAGEOUS E LIV SPEECHES ' indy. : * ie x CHITTENDEN ak be | American Homes and Gardens leet) | BOUND VOLUMES “oe F ONEaNg hy FRANK NORRIS jy j mo. | N response to many requests of both new and old sub- I: i * e | Bo oe scribers we have caused a beautiful design to be pre- | | ) ee | ede : pared and expensive register dies cut so as to produce t i te - a most artistic cover. The beautiful green cloth is most are substantial, and the book is sewn by hand to give the nec- Read these Books at OUR Expense essary strength for so heavy a volume. Q The decoration of the cover is unique. There are five colors of imported com- position leaf and inks, artis- tically blended. It is hardiv possible to give an idea of AMERICAN. this beautiful cover. The top HOMER END: [| edges of the book are gilded. W' want to place CASSELL'S MAGAZINE before a large num- V _ber of new readers, and to do this we are making this most remark- able offer, presenting an opportunity you cannot afford to miss. Your selec- tion of a $1.50 copyright book (the above are a few of the titles); a year’s subscription to CASSELL’S MAGAZINE, the always popular $1.50 monthly, including the special Christmas Number selling at 25 cents; and in addition we include, without a cent of cost to you, the Art Port- folio, “ World’s Famous Pictures,” containing 5 mounted reproductions in color by Royal Academy artists, suitable for framing, price $1.00 — Total Value, $4.25 ALL FOR $2.00 FREE Mention this periodical and we will send you f five half-tone reproductions of ‘* World’s Famous Pictures,”’ sample copy of CASSELL’S MAG- AZINE, and full details of this wonderful offer—All FREE This volume makes An Appropriate Present for any season of the year. Price, $3.50 Prepaid to any address in the United States or Canada. (| For those who have the first six numbers we have pre- pared a limited number of cases which are identical with those used on the bound volumes. Any bookbinder can sew and case in the book for a moderate price. WVe send this case, strongly packed, for $1.50. 361 Broadway, New Work City Cassell’s Magazine ; } 43-45 East Nineteenth St. 1500 Interesting Pages NEW YORK eeoucnce Hunn & Company AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year “THE BLOW BY THE SEA” MontTHiy COMMENT NoTraBLeE AMERICAN Homes—‘The Blow by the Sea’”—the Italian Villa of John W. McDon- ald, Esq., at Monmouth Beach, New Jeresy By Tomaso Cambiaso THREE Types oF Houses By Francis Durando Nichols “Kincs Core”—A House BUILT FoR GEORGE J. GOULD, Esa., LAKEwoop, NEW JERSEY. By Burr Bartram THE RESIDENCE OF WINTHROP SARGENT, Esqa., HAVERFORD, PENNSYLVANIA. By Paul Thurston Hints Apout SHRUBS By E. P. Powell SOME NoTABLE COLLECTIONS OF OLD BLUE STAFFORDSHIRE CHINA. .By Alexander M. Hudnut SOME NoveEL USEs oF ELECTRICITY By S. Leonard Bastin ‘THE QUESTION OF THE FIREPLACE By John A. Gade A TRUE Country HoME By Edward Watts PRESERVING THE EGGs By A. 8. Atkinson January Work High Bred Turkeys for the Country Home New Books Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a_ year Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 36] Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1906, by Munn & Company. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the wniters desire the return of their copy. PIeuCPIN “AN UYOL Pe screen “SII Aq peusisoq ‘Kasia MeN ‘Yoeag YNouluoyA] ye PIA weyeyT onbiupy uy, "eag-eyI-Kq-molg eq, AMERICAN AND GARDENS HOMES Mosaic Columns Are ? Placed on Either Side of the Entrance “The Blow-by-the-Sea °—The Pergola Is a Striking Feature of the Place as It Represents a Roman Tomb 4 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1907 Monthly Comment PORADIC efforts at reform are not always successful and often fail to accomplish real good, but they are not necessarily useless. Take, for example, the question of public manners. ‘This is really a burning question, worthy of the most serious consideration and UN Ie 2 hme SOM something in earnest need of vigorous propaganda; yet, as a topic, it receives only scant attention from the public press, and has never yet been elevated into the dignity of a public question. Yet there are few subjects that stand in greater need of immediate attention from all classes of people. The display of public manners that is on view in these United States of ours is something so singularly bad that often enough it seems as though there was nothing else. Public manners, of course, refers to the behavior of any person in public. It affects conduct in street cars, in crowds, in public places of every sort; it refers equally to conduct in a high class restaurant and to that in a police court; it is concerned with men and women, with old and young; it is something that every one should ke interested in and which affects many people, often in a most unexpected and unwelcome way. It is quite proper to ask what is to be done in a matter of such universal importance, and what steps are being taken to remedy a crying public evil. A FIRST step in the betterment of this evil is the creation of a definite public opinion as to the necessity and the value of improvement. The good people of this land are entirely too prone to ignore matters that do not seem to immediately affect their pocketbook. The loss of money or of income from boorish behavior in public does not appear, as yet, to rank among the topics collated by the statisticians. It is an intangible, indefinite thing, the avoidance of which is doubtless considered desirable, but which, after all, is often supposed to be a matter of comparatively small moment. So our women are jostled and injured in crowds; elderly people and old are thrust to one side in order that the wonderful new ‘‘youth”’ of the country can find a place for itself; spoken language is soiled in countless ways; and a general carnival of bad man- ners holds high riot throughout the land. Courteous folk, like well-trained foreigners, settle among us and soon find their inborn courtesy regarded as quaint and a detriment to advancement; a few years—sometimes a few months— rids them of their superfluous manners and they become as rude as the rest of us. A good resolution to make at the be- ginning of a new year is to determine to be a little better behaved than the year before on all public occasions. If everybody, by great good fortune, should happen to make such a resolution, this land would be marvelously more agree- able to live in than it is. And its present attractions are not few. No Discussion of home problems is now regarded as com- plete which does not include a chapter on the decay of that world-wide institution. The prophets who foretell its speedy demise, or the historians who rise to chronicle its extinction, appear with the regularity of comets, bursting across the heavens at stated intervals and leaving a brilliant tale of des- olation behind them. Meanwhile, many persons who do not know that there is no longer such a thing as a home, or that under modern conditions there can not be such a thing, go on trying to create one on their own account, and, remarkable to relate, sometimes succeeding in doing so! And why not? The healthily minded soul is not alert for unfortunate con- ditions or undesirable situations, and the right sort of people, even under difficult conditions, will find no trouble in making a home of their own, and a good one. There is no surer, more certain way of putting an end to the home as an instru- ment of civilization than to theorize on its extinction. Such: philosophy is apt to be discouraging and is quite unnecessary. Is it possible these wiseacres have no homes of their own and want to make every one else equally miserable? IN A general way there are two classes of elements which help to make a home, exactly as their absence tends to mar it. One group constitutes the visible outward signs, such as the house or apartment, the land or garden, and the funds by which life is supported. The other group includes the per- sonal elements, the spiritual and intellectual side of the home, the intangible things which often count for so much and which, quite as often, can not be measured and indicated with any definiteness. It is dificult and perhaps unnecessary to try to distinguish which is the more important of these factors in home making. It is difficult to live, to be comfortable, or to have enjoyment under physically unpleasant conditions; but the spiritual life is not always extinct under such circum- stances. It is not, in short, necessary to live in a palace in order to be happy. THE fact is, so many matters enter into the making of a home that no one can be singled out as the one chief essential. Some may be more important than others; some may affect some people more than other conditions may; what seems essential to one may be quite secondary to another. The great trouble with the home problem—if such a problem really exists—is that many people do not know what a home is, do not understand what they might do or ought to do to better it; do not know what may help to make it more home- like; or are ignorant of personal errors and failings, and look invariably for their fellow’s mote, ignoring the historic beam in their own eye. There are few limitations to the varieties of human nature. What is the best for one person is not always good for another; and what is the ideal for one may be quite the reverse for another. The home is, in reality, an ideal state; or, to put it another way, a state of ideals. If the ideals which underlie it are not good or do not exist—as often happens—the home naturally becomes an impossibility. The cure will not be found in bewailing the lack of homes, but in inviting the attention of the dissatisfied to more wholesome aspects of the home life. FURNITURE styles change with quite alarming rapidity. For the furniture man it is good business that they should. It promotes trade, it increases buyers, it prevents the old furniture from wearing out too soon, for no one will keep it long enough to find that it does not always survive. Unfor- tunately every one can not have a new set of furniture with’ each change of style. The old furniture is often good enough to last some time, and often it must be retained from the lack of means to purchase new articles. The housewife should not be discouraged by such matters. So long as there is furniture factories just so long there will be changes in furniture styles. The solution of the difficulty is not in the constant buying of new furniture, but in the buying of good furniture when any is needed. As a matter of fact style in furniture is not always nearly as essential as excellence and goodness. ‘These are truly permanent qualities, while mere brightness and pret- tiness, no matter how fresh and pleasing when new, seldom have lasting qualities. January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 5 Notable American Homes “THE BLOW-BY-THE-SEA ” How a Woman Built An Italian Villa Without the Aid of an Architect By Tomaso Cambiaso R. JOHN W. McDONALD’S villa, at Mon- mouth Beach, N. J., is a very unusual type of country house. It is built of stucco with a copper green roof; the whole of the exte- rior being of white and green, with the ex- Xe ception of the Roman reliefs at the cornices, shields, and panels, which are of ivory white and raw sienna, even the awnings being of copper green. If the style of ar- chitecture should be named it would unquestionably be called Roman. It is a most unique bit of architecture designed and carried out entirely by Mrs. McDonald herself. No archi- tect could have permitted these quaint archaisms to remain unmodified, for much of the charm of Mrs. McDonald’s house, as it stands, would have departed. It might have gained a higher architectural quality than that of a quaint and exotic charm, but that charm evidently depends upon the spacious area of blank wall, the barred windows, the shut-in prison effect of the verandas and log- gias which look as if they had been cut after the walls had been built. “The Sheds” One can hardly recommend this example of house as a good one to follow, but the owner has, nevertheless, been most successful in obtaining the particular effect she sought, which is most unique. The enclosed piazza is the chief pride of its owner, and the crowning distinction of the house, for it is really a sumptu- ous living-room or conservatory. It is the real center of the McDonald house and gives that importance and _ interest which few houses have. It is enclosed with lattice, the whole being carefully screened. The walls are of stone, set with panels reproducing the ‘“‘Nymphs,” by Jean Goujon, from the Fountain of Innocence, Paris, and statuary is placed amid trailing vines and palms. Most luxuriant Roman swings and benches are piled with exquisite foreign looking cushions. A reproduction of a Pompeian table from the house of Cor- nelius Rufus occupies one end of the piazza; it is covered with an antique Persian rug, upon which stands a Moorish lamp in green, as are all other outside lights. The floors are covered with Oriental rugs in old pinks and raspberry reds, giving the desired background for the ivory Is a Small Building Built on the Grounds and Used for Bachelor Quarters 6 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1907 The House Is Built of Stucco with a Copper-green There Are Roman Reliefs at tt The Fountain in the Breakfast-room The Gates to the Pergola The charm of the house is quaintly exotic and depends upon the spacious area of blank wall, the barred windows and verandas, which look as if they had been cut after. the walls had been built. The Entrance-front and the Ga} January, 1907 AMERICAN (HOMES, AND GARDENS 7 t}oof, with Exterior Coloring of White and Green lldCornices, Shields, and Panels The Court from the Entrance to the House The Steps to “ The Sheds” The one color scheme has been used throughout the house, that of ivory-white and pinks, from the rich rasp- berry to the palest shade of pink; all the outside windows and doors have French shirred shades of pink silk. Which Are a Trophy from Italy s AND GARD ENS January, 1907 January, 1907 AME} CA] Lr IMES ARDENS AMERICAN HOME The House Is Built of Stucco with a Copper-green Roof, with Exterior Coloring of White and Cr: There Are Roman Reliefs at the Cornices, Shields, and Panels The Gates to the Pergola The Court from the Entrance to the House The Fountain in the Breakfast-room The Upper Loggias Have a Singularly Restful Charm The Steps to “ The Sheds” The one color scheme has been used throughout the house, that of ivyory-white and pinks, from the rich rasp- berry to the palest shade of pink; all the outside windows and doors haye French shirred shades of pink silk. The charm of the house is quaintly exotic and depends upon the spacious area of blank wall, the barred windows and yerandas, which look as if they had been cut after. the walls had been built. The Entrance-front and thelans Which Are a Trophy from Italy 8 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1907 white of the Egyptian and Roman benches.and settees. This piazza very wisely se- cures the one thing whose ab- sence is most- grievous to many American homes—that is privacy. Our homes are built mostly, not to live in, but to be seen, and we are too self-conscious to enjoy the publicity we court. It is in this cloistered seclusion tea is served every afternoon, and it is at this time the real charm of the house is felt. At the extreme southeast end of the piazza, opposite the main dining-room, is the breakfast-room, where a de- lightful fountain plays amid ferns and palms. The hall and music-room also open out on this enclosed piazza. The dining-room is a wholly classic, Roman room. The walls are paneled in ivory white and gold, se- verely finished with a Greek pattern in raw sienna. At An Enclosed Piazza-in- Which Effective Use Has Been Made of Replicas of Ancient Statuary January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 9 one end is a large portrait in oil of Master Donald, the only son of the house. The dining-table, the con- sole, and serving-table are of stone and marble in Roman design, as are the chairs and benches of ivory white with pink cushions. The ensemble is the contrast between the ivory white of the walls and the exquisite pink of the dra- peries and the pink rug with its wide black border. The one color scheme has been used throughout the house, that of ivory white and pinks, from the rich rasp- berry to the palest shade of pink; all the outside windows and doors have’ French shirred shades of pink silk, giving a most fascinating ef- fect when the house is lighted. The upper loggias have a singularly restful charm. They form open rooms in summer and can be enclosed in the cool weather. Another Glimpse of the Enclosed Piazza The Dining-room’s Color Scheme Is Coral-pink and Ivory-white. The Table and Buffet Are Marble Three Types of Houses Built by the Nassau Electric Lighting Company for Their Employes at Roslyn, Long Island By Francis Durando Nichols desired to provide proper homes for their employees, and place them in clean and pro- per surroundings, they purchased a tract of land within close proximity to their plant, though not too close to make the plant ever evident to i dwellers who might live in their contemplated houses. After the tract of land was purchased and graded, YITCHE N. Uf 613-9 Ling Boore 12: 6xX/b oO EEL 788 ne 13.0X/3-0 wy pete gba Jepe very inexpensive, costing from $2,100 to $3, 000 complete. This is a very low cost, and is an important feature, @spe- cially for dwellings of this character. The dignity and sim- plicity of these houses are also matters to be considéted. They are not unlike many of the houses séen in some 6f the quaint old New England towns. These features are of particular moment when one ton- siders the high-priced conditions in the building trades at the Bro Poor. 106x140 SECoNP Jlooe 1—The Plans of the Small Single House Are Excellent and the roads and walks built and placed in good con- dition, then it was decided to build the present time. That building in this coun- try is now higher than it has ever been before is true houses. and, to overcome it, The architect se- so that a man may lected by the com- pany to work out a scheme for develop- ment was Mr. Li- onel Moses, II, of New York. Mr. Moses, after study- ing the site and its possibilities, decided to accept the ‘‘square rigged” form as be- ing the best adapted to meet the necessary needs and to treat them with the simple detail of the Col- onial features. These houses are 2—The Exterior of the Small Single House Is Good still be able to build a home within his means, it has de- volved upon the ar- chitect to solve the problem for the cli- ent who wishes a small house of low cost and who desires to build it for a small amount of money. In this par- ticular case these houses were all built by the company, but the same ques- tion arose from the economical stan d- January, 1907 point, These houses were built cheaply, ‘and, even so, they have such merit in them that they make model houses for jany one whose re- / quirements are not | tioo: -great.’. Mr: Moses has designed something beyond the commonplace house and, in order to overcome the cost of building, it was necessary to adopt every possible eco- nomical means in order to meet all the essential require- ments for a_ well- regulated house of low cost. In the designing of these houses there has been but one thought, and that has been to eliminate all unnecessary ornamentation, except that which means something, such as the main cornice, which is bracketed and gives a dignity to the building. All the houses have similar detail, of the Colonial style. They have brick founda- tions and underpin- nings laid in white mortar. The super- structures are cov- ered with matched sheathing on_ the outside of the stud- ding. This sheath- ing is then covered with good building paper and_ clap- boarded. All the houses are painted white, with blinds of ivy green. left to weather finish. The arrangement of each house is AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 3—White Painted Clapboards and Green Painted Blinds Is the Color Scheme of the Small Single House balustrade. is obtained to the living-room and the dining-room, and each most complete in every respect. The small single house presented in Picutes 1, 2 and 3, cost $2,100 com- plete. The frontage is twenty-eight feet and six inches, and the depth is twenty- six feet; this is ex- clusive of the front and the two side porches. The plan of the house which is pre- sented in Figure 1 shows an _ entrance from a small porch placed in the center of the building. This entrance door opens into a hall, which contains an orna- mental staircase pro- vided with white painted steps and The rail is of dark oak. From the hall access 4—The Larger Single House Is Designed With the Same Colonial Features DINING Loort YEX 14-0 Ling Loork UGxl4-o JiesTflooR i YITCHEN Y6X14-0 Paahor YUE Uih-0 as the Small Single House Deo Loot (0: OX1h0 SECOND flooe 5—The Plans of the Large Single House Show a Central Hall with Rooms on Either Side of the latter connects with the kitchen be- yond. One chimney, placed in the center of the house, suffices for each room, and the rooms on_ the first floor, being lo- cated as they are with connection to the kitchen, permit of sufficient heat be- ing taken from the kitchen range to heat the living-room and dining-room until] extremely cold weather. The living-room opens on to the The roofs are covered with shingles and porch at one side, while a similar porch, placed at the oppo- site side of the house, opens from the dining-room. ‘These PED Loo rt (0:Ox/4K0 12 porches, being separate from the entrance porch, give a privacy for the in- mates of the house and their friends. The whole house is fur- nished with corner block trim of white wood, and is painted white. An orna- mental chair rail surrounds each room, below which the walls are painted white, and above they are covered with artistic wall paper dec- orations and the whole fin- ished with a picture mold- ing. The living-room has a neat mantel. The second floor contains three bedrooms and a_ bath- The bathroom has enameled iron fixtures and ex- posed nickel-plated plumbing. ceiling of the upper hall, that forms an entrance to the attic, room. which contains ample storage space. Only a part of the cellar is excavated, but it is ample to supply all necessary storage space for fuel, etc. The large single house of the group, presented in Figures 4 and 5, costing $3,000, is designed and built in the same manner as the small single house shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3. It has, however, a greater breadth, which is thirty-six feet and six inches, and a depth of twenty-four teet and six inches. The front door, which forms the entrance, is reached from a porch placed in the center of the house. On either side ot the front door, which is glazed, are The living porches of the house are placed at either side of the building. small lighted windows. The plans show a central hall with rooms on either side. This hall has an or- namental staircase with white painted steps and balustrades and an oaken rail. The trim throughout the house is the same as the kind mentioned in the small house shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. The openings be- tween the hall, living, and dining-rooms are not so broad as to suggest a divi- sion, yet are of sufficient breadth to make a pleasing AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ee a al u ts £ ) ¥ Yirc/e N 3 NM Yirenfen V4 X1S- t ‘ VEKIS fl A Pe? Poze fev aL Poe CH all Hall. Ling Roo Liting Roork. 12K MY 1214 —— Ves OuL Ee. Por J1@31 Joo R Py a 6—The Plan of the Double House Has Separate Entrances for Each Family There is a scuttle in the 7—The Exterior of the Double House Is Quite the Same as the Large Single House in Its Exterior Features cost $2,600. OLCOND JLOOR 8—The Second Floor-plan Shows Two Ways in Which It Can Be Built January, 1907 effect, and by the use of dra- peries any room may be shut off from the others as com- pletely as may be desired, without in any way injuring the effect of space given by the vistas of the three. To further heighten the effect given of one large, recessed room, the hall and living-room show the same color scheme throughout. The living and_ dining- rooms have open fireplaces built of brick with facings and hearth of similar brick and wooden mantels of neat design. The butler’s pantry is fitted with dressers placed on either side and it forms an ac- cess to the kitchen. The kitchen is fitted with all the best mod- ern conveniences, including sink, laundry tubs, dresser, and range. Two chimneys, one at each side of the house, connect with all the rooms in both stories. The second story contains four bed- rooms, which are arranged in the best possible manner for light, air, and con- venience, for each room is exposed on two sides. A large, well-fitted closet is provided in each room. The bathroom is provided with enameled iron fix- tures and exposed plumbing. The attic contains ample stor- age space. The cellar is excavated under one-half of the building and is large enough for the stor- age of fuel, etc. Figures 6, 7, and 8, present the same exterior of house as the large single house shown in Figures 4 and 5, except that it is built for a double house and arranged for two families, one on each side, and The general treatment of the exterior is much the same as in the other de- signs; but within there are many differences. Glazed doors in the vestibule open on either side into separate halls for each family. Here are the stairs to the second story and to the cellar. Be- yond are the kitchens and living-rooms. The second floor contains three bed- rooms, as shown in Figure 8, showing two ways in which it can be arranged. There is storage space in the attic and a cellar under the entire house. January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 13 ‘Kings Cote’’ A House Built for George J. Gould, Esq., at Lakewood, New Jersey By Burr Bartram HE beautiful house built for George J. Gould, Esq., at Lakewood, New Jersey, as presented in the illustrations shown here- with, forms a part of a scheme adopted in the building of ‘Kings Cote’? as well as ‘Jays Cote,” a house of similar character. These two houses are named after Mr. Gould’s eldest sons, and are in harmony with “Georgian Court,”’ the resi- dence of Mr. Gould, which is directly across the road, and, being so closely related to the latter, form one complete architectural scheme. To build a house of this character and place it in a proper setting, and at the same time secure the privacy that is es- sential in all country houses, is the problem which the late Mr. Bruce Price, the celebrated architect, had to do when he solved the scheme which made “Kings Cote’’ possible. The problem was one of great difficulty and its solution has been a triumph for its designer. In the building of “Kings Cote’? Mr. Price accepted the Georgian style of architecture, which exhibits the most elabo- rate and finished expression of domestic architecture in this country, and has designed it in harmony with “Georgian Court,” which is also built in the Georgian style. The site chosen for the house presented some natural ad- vantages with its wooded characteristics and its level contour, which gave ample opportunities for the building upon it of a house of this character. A sweeping drive winds to the front porch, while at either end of the house, which is square in form, are similar porches, which are connected by a terrace and yet are sufficiently sep- arated from the entrance porch to give them that privacy which is always so desirable in a country house. ‘The house is built of stucco placed on brick walls, which forms the best foundation for stucco work. The steps and columns to the porches, the quoins, medallions, and trimmings, are of Ver- mont marble with a light greenish vein running through them, which harmonizes well with the soft creamish gray color of the stucco work. Upon entering the house the visitor finds himself in a large central hall, at the end of which a broad staircase of Colonial style rises in a central run to a wide landing from which the stairs divide and rise in either direction. The staircase has a white enamel balustrade and a mahogany rail. The hall is trimmed with white wood and treated with white enamel paint. The paneled wainscoting is treated similarly. The doors are of mahogany. ‘To the right of the stairway is the toilet, which is conveniently placed, and to the left is the entrance to the servants’ hall and stairway, beyond which are the service hall and kitchen. To the left of the hall is the drawing-room, which is The Georgian Style of Architecture Was Accepted in the Building of “Kings Cote” 14 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1907 The House Is Built of Stucco with White Marble Trimmings treated in the Colonial style, with white painted trim, and with white enamel. It is divided into two suites, one of which contains an open fireplace furnished with facings and hearth contains two bedrooms and bathroom, and the other two and a mantel of Colonial design. French windows open on bedrooms, bathroom, and boudoir. Three of the bedrooms to the porch, a loggia which forms a pleasant outdoor apart- ment. At the rear of the drawing-room is the den, and IN 7 across the hall is the library, occupying a similar space to the drawing-room; and provided with a similar open fire- place and with French windows opening on to the loggia. Bookcases are built in on either side of the fireplace. The dining-room is also in the Colonial style, with a pan- eled wainscoting and an open fireplace with marble facings, and hearth and mantel in harmony with the treatment of the apartment. The second floor is trimmed with white wood and treated | Ler Roore | | Ler koore., | iy exy MPEKI7.S cL | EeontD JLoor. Dyin Do. yw NING OO CK, 16 X29 ay f have open fireplaces furnished with tiled facings and hearth and mantels. The bathrooms are wainscoted and paved with tiles, and are furnished with porcelain fixtures and ex- posed nickel-plated plumbing. There are seven bedrooms = | and bathrooms on the third floor, and all are fitted replete. i eae il The effect of the house is one of marked simplicity and : delicacy, and the thought has been to produce a building with ; its structural lines to form the architectural feature, rather - ——— than to depend too much on a superfluous ornamentation. 15 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 1907 January, ¢ i ete akerrmsra The Front of the House Has an Entrance Porch with Ionic Columns of White Marble 16 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Ss RWG RIVING along the road from Merion to Ha- "( verford and passing in front of the many well-kept estates and beautiful houses which 5 command attention, there is none more pic- TA turesque and interesting than the one re- ACL} cently built for Winthrop Sargent, Esq., at Haverford. The house stands well back from the street, with its end facing the roadway, and is most attractive in its combination of stone, stucco, and half-timber work. The first story is con- structed of rock-faced stone laid in white mortar with joints well raked. The second and third stories are beamed with half-timber work, and with the panels filled in with rough plaster of a soft gray color, while the half-timber and all wood work is stained a soft brown, except the sashes, which are painted white. The roof is covered with slate. The beauty of the house is enhanced by the planting which has been done about it, and the vines which are beginning to climb over its walls, making it an artistic picture. The house, setting well back from the highway, affords an opportunity for a broad expanse of velvet lawn which is bordered by a low stone fence. Beds of shrubbery are piaced at the corners of the house and about the lawn, and massive maple and elm trees grace the outlines of the estate, at the front, sides, and rear. The approach to the house is by an avenue which winds from the main road to the front entrance, beyond which it extends to the enclosed court in which is placed the stable and outbuildings. A series of stone steps lands one in the vestibule, which is furnished with a tiled floor and pan- eled walls of oak. The hall is trimmed with oak, finished with Flemish treat- ment. The walls of the hall have up- right battens of sim- ilar oak forming panels of plaster. The ceiling is cov- ered with a rough plaster coat and tint- ed a creamish yel- low. The staircase has a balustrade of handsome design, Starting) from a carved newel at the bottom of the stair- way. Underneath the stairway is the ’ Residence of Winthrop Sargent, Esq. Haverford, Pennsylvania By Paul Thurston Beds of Shrubbery are Massed at the Corners of the House January, 1907 coat closet and lavatory, both convenient to the entrance. To the right of the entrance is the study, which is treated in the old Dutch style with Flemish oak trim and wainscot- ing. It is fitted up with built-in bookcases and a paneled seat, and has an open fireplace with facings and hearth of old blue tile. The living-room is separated from the hall by an archway with a column forming the division. The double living- room is trimmed with oak of Flemish treatment. Both have paneled walls formed by battens which extend in an upright position to the frieze and cornice. The fireplace in the outer living-room is built of brick, and has a facing of Caen stone, a hearth of tile, and a mantel of simple design. The inside living-room, which is separated by a massive beamed arch, has a bay window at the front of the room fur- nished with a paneled seat. The inglenook contains an open fireplace with facings of Caen stone, a tiled hearth, a mantel neatly carved, and a paneled over-mantel. On either side of the fireplace are paneled seats. From the living-room the porch is reached, which Is, as it should be, isolated from the main entrance, giving privacy to the family circle. It is fitted up as an outdoor living-room, and beyond it is the garden, which is laid out in a formal manner. The billiard-room, which occupies the entrance side of the house, is an interesting room. It is also trimmed with Flemish oak, and has a three-foot paneled wainscoting, above which the walls are treated in crimson. A plate rack above extends around the room. The _ ingle- Ww; Bote 7 nook contains an “ open fireplace built of blue granite, with a shelf of hewn stone resting on stone cor- bels. At either side of the fireplace are paneled seats. The dining-room is also trimmed with Flemish oak, and the walls are wainscoted to the height of five feet and finished with a plate rack.) athe ceiling is beamed and ribbed, form- ing panels. An at- tractive feature of the room is the com- bination buffet and cabinet which is built in the corner. The space below the Bs January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The House Setting Back from the Road Affords an Opportunity for a Broad Expanse of Velvet Lawn, Enclosed by a Low Stone Fence countershelf is devoted to the china closets with leaded glass doors, while the space above is arched and provided with In the opposite corner of the room is the fireplace, which is built with a facing and hearth of Moravian tile, and a mantel of simple design with the shelf resting on carved shelves. brackets. A door with the upper panel glazed in leaded glass opens into the butler’s pan- try, which forms the connecting link be- tween the kitchen and the dining-room. This butler’s pantry is fitted with draw- ers, dressers, and sink complete. The kitchen and its de- pendencies, includ- ing the servants’ hall, which is now a proper adjunct to the _ well-regulated house, is fitted with all the best modern fixtures. The second floor is finished off in a very handsome man- style and color scheme. lighted and are furnished with well-fitted closets. rooms have tile wainscotings and tile floors, and are fur- nished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel-plated | an SER VAN TI Wakk 124/96 WITCHEN 7X17 L REFRIGERATOR levee PLAN OF fest, [Look ; | DMiare Roork | i WOK 19 ere Soe —_ hig eee 5 i a fy eerie ess fn Coe PUALZAE- Lng | i\Doort. 74 \x| 28 ] Jruny Y xis A Series of Stone Steps Lands One in the Vestibule from Which the Interior of the House Is Reached ner, for the hall and each room are treated in one particular The bedrooms are large and well The bath- plumbing. The third floor contains extra rooms and bath and also ample storage space. The heating appatrat us, fuel rooms, and cold stor- age cellar are placed in the cellar, which has a cemented bot- tom. Mr. Lindley Johnson, of Phila- delphia, Pa., who was the architect of the house, accepted the English half-tim- bered house as his prototype, and Mr. Sargent’s is a very fine example of that particular style of work for which he has made a special study. 18 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, The Hall is Trimmed With Oak and Is Treated in Flemish Style. The Walls Have Upright Battens of Simple Oak Forming Panels Paneled Walls of Oak, a Fire- place of Moravian Tiles and a Combination China Closet and Buffet Are the Features of the Dining-room 1907, January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 19 An Archway Divides the Drawing- Room Which Has a Fire place in Each Part The Agreeably Furnished Living- Room Is Pleasantly Equipped For Every Day Usage and Constant Comfort 20 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1907 Hints About Shrubs By E. P. Powell HE American home, when not pinched for land, should invariably make more of the shrubbery. Yet a shrubbery apart from other lawns is a rare thing to be found. There are flower gardens, and shrubs are to be found scattered everywhere—this, of course, is better than nothing. But watch nature, and ob- serve how she plants the hillsides, not only with groups of trees, but with great patches of bushes; and then take notice that these are the glory of the successive seasons. What can be finer than her collections of sumac, elder, hazel, honeysuckle, and her vines of bittersweet and clematis, climbing over and glorifying stumps and stones. I propose to select a dozen or more of shrubs that are easily obtainable, and that will thrive in any garden soil. Among our natives you must make much of the dogwoods, the barberries, the wild plums and wild cherries, the spireas, the ribes, the evergreen mahonia, the highbush cranberry, the Judas tree, the cornus, in variety, the pawpaw, the stuartia, the hazel, and the dwarf maples. Nearly all of these can be found along the Atlantic slope, and many of them all the way from Maine to Florida. I have been sur- prised to find, in the river bottoms of the latter State, wild plums, pawpaws, Judas trees, growing with magnolias and cabbage palms. However, in New England we shall find that nature makes more of the brilliant fruitage plants, such as barberries and dogwoods. In the Southern States the stuartia and rhododendrons are among the finest. Nature and man have united to increase this list of native shrubs, not only with a superb contribution from other coun- tries, but with cross-breds. In my grounds I have some- thing like twenty varieties of lilacs, most of them products of French plant-breeding. Among the best of these are Princess Alexandra, white flowered; Ludwig Spaeth, with immense panicles of a reddish purple hue; Pres. Grevy, a beautiful blue and double. Our mock oranges have become a great family, including a dozen or more superb sorts—to which I have myself been able to add three fine novelties. The old-fashioned hydrangea, so dear to our mothers, has been supplemented with paniculata; and during the last year another superb variety, introduced I believe by Mr. E. Y. Teas, of Centerville, Ind. This is quite as hardy as pani- culata, with the additional glory of being nearly ever-bloom- ing. Quite a number of European shrubs have become ac- climated and nativized in our soils; among the best being the Tartarian honeysuckles, and some of the noblest of the thorn bushes, which can be found very frequently in the forest openings and along the hill sides. Now for the list. This must always begin with the little Daphne that opens its flowers in April. This bush can be cut in March and the twigs blossomed in water. In May I count upon Forsythia, with its superb golden cloak of flowers, as all important. Almost with it, but lasting much longer, is our native Judas tree. This is one of the noblest shrubs in existence, although it may be grown large enough to be called a small tree. Prunus triloba, although doing its best in the Middle States, is quite hardy as far north as Buffalo. It is a wonder among shrubs for its exquisite pink flowers, as large as our miniature group of roses. Of the spireas, prunifolia is decidedly the best May-flowering. Lilacs are so profuse flowering, and so uniquely rich in color and fragrance, that one may plant them in great profusion. I have already named two or three of the best sorts, but no one should be without the old common lilac, both purple and white. To these should be added a free planting of the Persian sorts. In fact nothing can surpass the purple Persian. Give these good soil and plenty of elbow room. The mahonia should find a place everywhere, as an ever- green shrub, glorious in leaf, and superb with its great clusters of golden flowers. The leaves are fine for winter cutting. It must, however, be covered from the winter sun, or it will lose its leaves. Among the viburnums the high- bush, sometimes called a cranberry, is the most important. Its berries can be used for food exactly like cranberries, or can be left on the bushes to feed winter birds. The pine grosbeak and the waxwing are exceedingly fond of this berry, and will visit it in January. ‘Then we have the one best bush for hedges, the Tartarian honeysuckle. It will sow itself about your fields and gardens, and can be left in many a corner to glorify its surroundings. Now add as many peonies as you please. For June you may add more spireas, and more viburnums if you please, as well as the later blossoming lilacs. Deutzia crenata is very generally hardy and a noble shrub. About this time we are having our syringas, and they extend through the whole month. Some of my seedlings blossom as late as the middle of July. Rhododendrons do not like some soils, but where they thrive should be planted in variety. The Sambucus, or elder bush, is really worthy of very general planting. Governor Seymour declared it to be the finest of all American shrubs. Later in the season we have the altheas in variety, and the hydrangeas. I am already making a list quite beyond the dozen which I had proposed. And yet I have limited the list quite within the means of a common country home. Not yet have I named the barberries, the euonymous, the cornus in variety, the weigelias, the ribes, and many more. The exochorda is a native shrub, hard to propagate, but easy to grow. It is covered late in May or early in June with very charming white flowers. All this while I have merely hinted that shrub planting should consider the pleasure of the birds as well as our- selves. For their joy I would plant the highbush cran- berry and the barberries, even if I did not delight in these bushes myself. In the arrangement of shrubs look out for the conventional. Not anything needs more the appearance of being dropped in by Nature. Rows of shrubs are only a little less distressing than rows of evergreens. Each group of shrubs should, if possible, bring out a succession of bloom. Shrubs that naturally hide themselves in the forest or glens should be allowed a certain measure of retirement. Your whole shrubbery should fit easily into the general idea of the homestead, rather than seem to exist for itself alone. For winter decoration the red dogwood is invaluable, as its bark turns a brilliant crimson as cold weather approaches, retaining that color until spring. A group of this dogwood with barberries and highbush cranberry, in plain view from our windows, goes a long-way to relieve the dulness or the whiteness of winter. One needs hardly to add a word on the joy that shrubs bring and give, yet they have a deep personal and real value quite apart from the natural beauty they bring. If cared for properly—and sometimes even if neglected—they constitute permanent adornments to the home, adornments of grace and beauty that are offered by nothing else. Each year adds to their beauty as well as to their growth, and the money spent for shrubbery will always be regarded as well spent. January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Some Notable Collections of Old Blue Staffordshire China Decorated With American Views, Syntax and Wilkie Designs, and the Arms of the Thirteen Original States America. museum in one of our larg- est cities, and was amused at a collection of blue historical plates and plat- ters exhibited in a glass case. It contained in all some twenty specimens of blue historical plates and platters. They were not rare pieces and were in poor condition, many of them being cracked and chipped. On one of the least important of the plat- ters was a label which read: “Very rare—only one known.” The best collections are Blue ware indicated in the is a difference of opinion as to how many varieties constitute a perfect collec- tion and also as to what constitutes a variety. A ten-inch “Park Thea- ter,’ New York, acorn border (Stevenson, maker) ; a ten-inch ‘Park Theater,’ New York, acorn border (John Ged- des, maker); a six-inch ‘Park Theater,’ New Workese argeke border (Stubbs, maker) ; are each a separate and distinct va- riety and yet some collec- tors are satisfied, and more than satisfied, if they are well known. a few stray pieces, but I have HERE are only a few collections of Old Blue historical china in this country which Museums sometimes have of an important collection of dark blue Staffordshire being owned by a museum in well-known ‘About a year ago I went through a St. Paul’s Chapel, Six-inch Plate. Six-inch, Patrick’s Cathedral, Alex. M. Hudnut owned by individuals. use the word “collection” I include only those classes of Old purpose. headlines of this article. never heard By Alexander M. Hudnut in the Collections of Mrs. When I There tion. have one plate showing the consider this a debatable question, for the correct answer is too obvious. contain about three hundred pieces. Some scenes occur only on the irregular pieces of a china set, but the large majority of subjects which collectors want are on the flat pieces such as plates, platters, and the trays ‘‘Park Theater”’ view. I do not A perfect collection would, in my judgment, Church in Murray Street, Soup Plate, Ten Inch. St. Emma deF. Morse and Small Washbowl and Pitcher, Showing Old Capitol Building at Albany, Medallions of Peter Stuyvesant, Chancellor Kent, Washington, and Clinton. the Only One Known. Property of Mrs. Emma deF’. Morse A Unique Specimen, of soup tureens or gravy boats. ‘These flat pieces are naturally the most sought after because they can be hung on the wall and form an_ attractive mural decoration. ‘The best collections of Old Blue that I know of are hung on _ dining-room walls. It is important that the wall covering be care- fully selected with the idea that it may be a suitable background for properly bringing out the dark blue color of the china. Cer- tain shades of buff are considered to be the best color for this There are several methods of classifying a collec- Some prefer to have all the pieces made by certain potters together, regard- less of the views on the plates. For example, they will place in one group all of the plates made at the pottery of Enoch Wood & Sons; in another group will be the plates made by Stubbs or Stevenson, Ridg- way or Clews. I have never considered this method of classification a good one. ‘The best ar- rangement, I think, is to have all of the New York views in one group, the Boston views in another, and so on throughout the collection. The other style 22 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Gravy Tureen. Fulton Market on Tureen, Columbia College on Base. View on Cover Not Identified (the Specimen Is Included). In the Collection of Mrs. Emma deF. Morse of grouping is more technical and would possibly appeal to connoisseurs, but the majority of people who see a collec- tion of Old Blue hanging on the wall are not well informed on the subject, and the arrangement according to localities appeals to the eye and seems to meet with more general ap- preciation. Some prefer to display their collections in cab- inets enclosed in glass. ‘This is an excellent way in cases where a dining-room is dark and where plates and platters would not show to good advantage on the walls. ‘The very fine collection of Mrs. H. M. Soper, of New York, is dis- played in this way, and so arranged that small electric lights on the inside of the cabinets can be turned on and reflectors throw the light directly on the china, at the same time shad- ing it from the eye of the observer. A good deal might well be said about how to collect Old Blue china, but this article is not intended to be an elemen- tary treatise on the subject of china collecting. I wish some Group of New York Views in the Collection of Alex. M. Hudnut Princeton, New Jersey January, 1907 Albany Theater Vegetable Dish, Four Medallion In the Collection of Mrs. Emma deF. Morse Portraits on Cover. one would take up this subject and write a book about it. The young collector is like a baby learning to walk. He falls down many times and his steps need guiding. Some admirable books have been written dealing with blue Staf- fordshire from various points of view, and each one of these works presents to the collector a fund of information which it has taken time and pains to get together, but none of them tell him how to collect. By far the best work I have read relative to American views on blue Staffordshire is the well- known volume by Mr. R. T. H. Halsey, of New York. This book with its careful descriptions, its accurate historical references, and its magnificent illustrations is a necessity to a collector. Mr. Barber in his admirable work gives classi- fied lists of the various pieces which he knows about, and there are other books which might be mentioned, but after all, I come back to my original statement which is that noth- ing has been written on this subject which tells a collector Some Boston Pieces and Miscellaneous Views in Collection of Alex. M. Hudnut January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 23 Dutch Church at Albany, Vegetable Dish. Medallions of Washington, Jefferson, Lafayette, and Clinton on Cover. These Form Part of the Collection of Mrs. Emma deF. Morse how to collect, and the old time-honored method of learning by experience is what every collector has to fall back upon. There are dealers by the scores. It is well to find out by careful inquiry which of them are reliable. Some have been known at times to deal in counterfeit plates, but there are a number of honest dealers whose word can be trusted and who can be of the greatest help to young collectors in steering them straight, and who can be relied upon not to overcharge. I fear that I have wandered a little from my subject, for it is the purpose of this article to outline briefly some of the fine collections of Old Blue china with which I am familiar. The owners of these collections have been most courteous in furnishing me with whatever information I have asked for. In the limited space at my disposal I can not do full jus- tice to any of the fine collections I may mention. One of the most energetic and successful collectors of the past decade is Mrs. Emma deF. Morse, of Worcester, Mass. She has A Few Dr. Syntax Subjects in the Collection of Alex. M. Hudnut Princeton, New Jersey Teapot with Baltimore Assembly Rooms on Base, Alms House on Neck and Hospital on Cover. Baltimore Masonic Hall Cream-pitcher. Collection of Mrs. Emma deF. Morse Baltimore Alms House Sugarbowl. accomplished the almost impossible task of getting together 280 varieties of dark blue historical ware. Some of the rari- ties of this collection are shown in the illustrations. Mrs. Morse is the fortunate possessor of an “Albany Theater”’ view and I do not know of any one else who has it. She also has the little seven and one-half-inch ‘‘Hurl Gate, East River” plate and the six-inch “Park Theater,’ New York, eagle border plate—both of them exceedingly rare pieces. The old ‘‘Capitol at Albany,” washbow] and pitcher, is with- out doubt the most valuable specimen of this superb collec- tion. ‘There are only about ten pieces scattered among the different collections of the country which Mrs. Morse needs to make her collection complete. I do not hesitate to say that, within my knowledge, this is the finest collection of dark blue Staffordshire in America. Mr. Eugene Tompkins, of Boston, has a collection re- markable for its completeness and the artistic way it is hung. Showing a Small Part of the Collection of Mrs. James B, Neal Easton, Pennsylvania 24 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Part of the Well-arranged General Collection of Mrs. Marshall L. Hinman, Dunkirk, New York Our illustration shows two sides of his dining-room and we can distinguish a few of his choice pieces. ‘The very rare fourteen-inch platter, ‘Junction of the Hudson River and the Sacondaga,”’ shows quite plainly. I imagine I see also the little seven and one-half-inch New York ‘Hurlgate, East River’ plate, the ‘New York Governor’s Island,” ten and one-half-inch and the eight and one-half-inch ‘‘New York Bay” plates. I know of only three collectors who have the last two named plates. ‘They are great rarities. Mr. Tompkins is fortunate in owning a ‘Harvest Home”’ platter (Dr. Syntax set),a ‘Pennsylvania Arms”’ platter, and a‘‘Con- necticut Arms” gravy boat. It would be far easier to tell what he has not got than to enumerate his best pieces. He needs two of the Arms set, three Syntax views, and about sixteen American scenes. It is a curious fact, and fortunate for Mr. Tompkins, that his wants in the plate line are not nearly so rare as his possessions. I credit him with having 242 varieties. It is a truly mar- velous collection. It might be well to inter- rupt these sketches for a moment and consider briefly that rare series known as “Arms on “the States.” Twelve of the thirteen orig- inal States are commem- orated by _ having their Arms or State seals repro- duced on a set of dark blue Staffordshire. The maker was I. Mayer, supposed to be one of the firm of Mayer Brothers, who_ purchased the pottery of Joseph Stubbs in 1829. January, 1907 This decoration appeared on some of the pieces of a dinner set, also on a few washbowls and _ pitchers. The easiest ones to get are the Arms of New York, Rhode Island, and South Carolina, which generally come on dinner or tea plates. The platters of a china set are far less numerous than the plates, so the rarer Arms views appear on plat- ters and the irregular pieces of the set. The Arms of Pennsy]l- vania come only on a twen- ty-one-inch_ turkey platter and it is quite possible that there was only one made with each dinner set. The Arms of Maryland appear on a washbowl and pitcher. The writer has a good speci- men of it in very dark blue. Mrs. Morse has an unusual Maryland Arms piece. It is a shallow pudding dish, eleven and one-half inches across and three inches deep. The Arms of New Jersey, Georgia, Delaware, and North Carolina occur on platters. Connecticut has the distinction of being represented on a gravy boat, its cover, and the tray which goes with it. It is said, also, to come on a pitcher, although I have never seen it. I know four collectors who have this scarce Arms piece. Two of them have gravy boats with the covers (without the trays), and two others are happy possessors of the trays. It is possible that under some former ownership these gravy boats and trays were in a united state. The Massachusetts Arms view occurs on small vegetable Dr. Syntax Harvest Home Platter and Other Rare Pieces in the Collection of Mr. George Kellogg, Amsterdam, New York January, 1907 dishes and also on small platters. The Arms of Virginia appear on a vegetable dish and cover, also on a washbow] and pitcher. I think no one has ever found the Arms of New Hampshire on a piece of dark blue ware and yet it is hardly probable that the maker of this set overlooked it. He was making pottery to sell in the American market and was decorating it with designs which he thought would be popular in the States. Why, then, should he have slighted one State when there were only thirteen? Possibly he was superstitious! That he knew there were thirteen States is attested by the fact that the blue mark stamped on the back of this ware has for a background thirteen stars and the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 25 includes many rare subjects. She has probably the best known specimen of a Pennsylvania Arms platter. It is per- fect in every particular and is what collectors call a “‘proof”’ piece. She has a ten-inch soup plate, “Church and Buildings in Murray Street”; a six-inch ‘St Paul’s Chapel,’ New York, with a medallion portrait on it and the rare little six-inch “Harvard College” plate. Many other equally choice pieces in this collection I would like to mention but space will not permit. Mr. R. T. H. Halsey’s collection of American Views on dark blue Staffordshire is well known. Nearly every one who is interested in this kind of pottery has read Mr. Hal- Part of the Collection of Mr.:Eugene Tompkins, Boston, Massachusetts. motto “FE Pluribus Unum.” ‘This seems to contradict the supposition that he might have been superstitious about the number thirteen. My theory is that this piece exists some- where and will eventually be found. It may have decorated some uncommon or easily broken piece of the set, such, for example, as the ladle of a tureen. This set of twelve Arms pieces is the most difficult part of a collection to complete. Fight of them, well known to all collectors, are extremely rare. I do not know of any collector who has more than eleven. Mrs. F. W. Yates, of Rochester, is well known as the owner of a fine collection of blue china and as a frequent contributor to the columns of the “Old China Magazine” dur- ing the life of that periodical. Her collection of 216 pieces A Good Example of Artistic Grouping sey’s book and knows that the majority of illustrations in that excellent work are taken from pieces in his own col- lection. The collection of Mrs. James B. Neal, of Easton, Pa., is remarkable, not so much for its numerical strength, as for the number of unique pieces which it contains. “The twelve and one-half-inch platter, “‘View near Catskill on the Hud- son River,” by W. G. Wall, Esq., is one of the gems of this collection. So also is the fifteen-inch platter, ‘Junction of the Hudson River and the Sacondaga,”’ and the nineteen- inch “Esplanade and Castle Garden’ platter. ‘The usual size of an “Esplanade and Castle Garden” is seventeen inches. This is the only one I know of which measures nineteen inches. Mrs. Neal has a ‘Dutch Church at Al- 26 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS bany” dish, a “Church and Adjoining Buildings Murray Street”? soup plate, a proof ‘Arms of North Carolina,” and the rare little “St. Patrick’s Cathedral” plate. I regret the necessity of leaving this collection without mentioning some of the other unique specimens which it contains. There are in it altogether about 174 pieces. Mr. George Kellogg, of Amsterdam, N. Y., has an at- tractive collection of Old Blue, very tastefully hung in January, 1907 All fine collections are alike up to a certain point; they differ in the rarities they contain, the condition of their pieces, and their numerical strength. Mrs. H. M. Soper, of New York, has succeeded in getting together, in a short time, a truly fine collection. She has all of the Arms pieces except one and needs only one or two subjects to complete her Syntax series. Mrs. Soper’s col- lection easily ranks among the best in the country. Hurl Gate, East River, Seven and One-half Inch Plate by Stubbs. Only Two Are in Existence his dining-room. I see in the illustration a ‘““Harvest Home” platter. Mr. Kellogg obtained this rare piece at the cele- brated Burritt sale, in New York. ‘This collection is strong in Arms and Syntax pieces. Outside of these the rarest views are a six-inch “Harvard College” plate, a “Battle of Bunker Hill” platter, a “St. Paul’s Church, Boston’’ platter, and several choice medallion plates. Our illustrations show the interior of the treasure house of Mrs. Marshall L. Hinman, of Dunkirk, N. Y. The plates are hung with mathematical accuracy and everything is suggestive of order and symmetry. ‘This collection is a large one but it goes beyond the boundaries of my article. Masonic Temple, Philadelphia, Eight Inch Plate by Ridgway. Very Rare The same may be said of the collection of Mrs. Richard V. Lindabury, of Bernardsville, New Jersey. I would like to mention the following rare pieces as characteristic of this collection: ‘“Governor’s Island,” New York, ten-inch soup plate. ‘‘New York Bay,” eight and one-half-inch plate (Stubbs). “Fort Gansevoort,” eight-inch plate. “Fulton Market,’ New York, soup tureen. A tea set of rare Baltimore views. My own collection contains two hundred varieties, all of them, with two exceptions, in proof condition. A few of my favorite pieces are: Governor's Island, New York, Ten Inch Plate. One of the Most Beautiful and Rarest of American Views It is I can It includes every variety of color in historical ware. strong in English views, cup plates, luster ware, etc. not do it justice in the brief space at my disposal. Mrs. Hinman has made no specialty of dark blue ware, although she has many choice pieces in her collection. These short outlines of collections can not help resemb- ling each other in many particulars. Octagon Church, Boston, Ten and One-half Inch Flat Plate, Open Edge. Very Rare “Brooklyn Ferry,” platter, eleven and one-half by nine inches. “Hope Mill, Catskill,” N. Y., tray of soup tureen, four- ' teen by ten and three-fourths inches. A seven-inch plate, Dr. Syntax, “Sketching the Lake”— the picture is dark blue on a white background—as shown in head-piece illustration. January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 27 Symetrical Arrangement of Miscellaneous Subjects, Collection of Mrs. Marshall L. Hinman “Columbia College,” eight and three-eights-inch, acorn border, with medallion of DeWitt Clinton. “Octagon Church, Boston,” ten and one-half-inch flat plate, open edge, shown in illustration. ‘This view is very Ranewnuay tat plate, “St. Patrick’s Cathedral,’ Mott Street, New York, six- inch plate (Stevenson). A word about the value of this historical blue china. I deprecate the tendency toward absurdly high prices even for the rarest views. At the Macy sale, November 23, a ““Sandusky”’ platter sold for $220. I have no idea who bought it, but I know it was not worth over $100. The color was bad (a light purplish blue), and Mr. Macy was unable to sell it for $150 while it remained for months among his stock. I repeatedly re- fused to buy it at this price. Those people who are not well informed as to values are often responsible for inflated prices. ‘They meet at an auction and bid against each other regardless of what the piece is worth. If a collector wants a piece of blue china badly he will sometimes pay a ridicu- lous price if he can afford it, but he will know, all the while, that probably he could not sell it for half what he paid. There is no standard of values. But then there is no limit to the enthusiasm and vagaries of collectors. 28 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS An Electric Broiler A Restaurant Equipped With an Electrical Kitchen Electric Flatiron January, 1907 Some Novel Uses of Electricity of industry is surprising even to the most ardent advocates of this mysterious form of energy. Not only has electricity invaded the territories occupied by all other forms of energy, but it has actually created new fields This is particularly marked by the present elec- trical invasion of our homes, where labor-saving devices were never thought of until electricity showed its wonderful adapt- ability to all classes of work. Electric light had scarcely ceased to be a novelty when the electric fan was introduced and then the sewing machine motor. In the past few years more attention has been paid to electric heating devices. In the nursery and sickroom electric milk warmers and devices for heating water are becoming a necessity, while the easily of its own. The Electric Hair-drying Machine regulated electric pad threatens to entirely displace the hot- water bag. Quilts and comfortables and even rugs and car- pets are now wired for electrical heating. ‘These are con- nected to the ordinary lighting circuit by means of the usual flexible cords. ‘Their advantages for the nursery or for any bedroom will be apparent. Pictured in one of our engravings is a corner in an electrically equipped bathroom. On the washstand is a water heater which will quickly heat enough water for shaving. At the right is a massage vibrator which is portable and can be connected to any lamp socket. ‘The device is simple and can be easily operated by any one. Be- neath the bowl is an electric radiator. Electrically heated curling irons, electric cigar lighters, electric chafing dishes, etc., are but a few of the many electrically heated devices now in common use. Contrary to the popular impression the cost of electricity for operating these various household devices is not very great. The following table not only shows the economy of electricity but also gives an idea of the great variety of uses to which it is put. Cost during that a Operation Fenod a0 — es Pe Chafing Dish . Ape ee 20 minutes 1% cts. Pint Baby Milk Warmer and Food Heater Cie Y ct. Quart Food Heater . 6 ye “s Coffee: Percolator=: ean cee By leas Stoves 6unch). 22 cen een 15) ae 1% cts. $f" Sin Chie eo e ilih.g Ye Dee Broiler;; 9x 12sinch ree 5S ies Ses oe Curling Ixon! Heateraae: a nee i Ae zs ‘ Heating Pad per hour % Iron, 3% |b. : 30 minutes Ace Ct! 6 lb, see ee 30s 2% « Frying Pan (7 in. diam. ) 30a 2% * AWA Ih 9G 6 5 6 5 co © lye 5 ee Tea Kettle 2 1 gees GluesPotjeliquatte sauna ae an MY 1) 320 Soldering Iron, 2]b. . . . . .- 310) ee 1G eae Doctor?s Sterilizer’ = |---| 30s Soon Bathroom Radiator . 50s 5a Te ——————————————— eee January, 1907 Electric flatirons are now quite extensively used in the kitchen and sewing-room. Travelers find them most useful for pressing out clothing that has been mussed or creased in packing; ladies find them useful for ironing out flimsy shirt Rear View of the Hair-drying Machine waists and lace collars and cuffs which they would not dare intrust to the usually careless laundress. Outside of the household electric flatirons are commonly used in tailoring shops of all classes, and even architects and engineers have begun to employ them for smoothing out blue-prints and plans. One of the latest electrical novelties is the hair-drying ma- chine. This combines both electric heat and electric power. It consists of a casing which incloses coils of resistance wire and an electric fan. ‘The fan sucks air into the casing over the resistance wires and the latter heat the air to any desired temperature under control of the operator. A flexible tube Electric Machine for Chopping Cabbage communicates with this casing and receives the current of heated air, permitting the operator to direct the current where desired. When properly handled twelve persons can be treated in one hour at a cost of but a fraction more than one cent each. The kitchen offers an excellent field for elec- trical apparatus. Already many electrical cooking outfits AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 29 have been invented. ‘The electric range is a convenient little piece of kitchen furniture whose chief charm lies in the fact that it is ready for instant use at the touch of the switch, and immediately after the cooking is done, the power can be cut Electric Potato-paring Machine off. This results in a great saving of expense, doing away entirely with that wasteful consumption of energy which is necessary in coal ranges in keeping the fire going so that the range will be ready for use. The electric range also possesses an advantage over the gas stove, its closest competitor, in that no match is required to light it, and it is entirely free from odors. One of our illustrations shows a small electric broiler which will cook a medium-sized steak at a cost of but two cents. The electrical restaurant, shown in another of our illustrations, serves to exemplify the convenience and adaptability of electricity to kitchen work. It will be seen that the cooking apparatus is placed in the center of the res- taurant with no attempt to screen it off from the rest of the room. Here the manager, in a business suit, does the cook- ing while chatting with his patrons with no fear whatever of Washing Dishes in an Electrically Operated Machine 30 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS smoke, soot, or ashes spreading out into the room, while the cooking smells are drawn up through a ventilator just above the range. A whole chicken can be roasted in a quarter of an hour and lamb chops can be broiled in three minutes. This rapid cooking results in retaining the juices of the meat. The advantages offered by the kitchen for the develop- ment of electric power devices have not as yet been fully realized. The kitchen is the workshop of the house, and affords a splendid opportunity for labor-saving apparatus. A well-ordered kitchen should have its electric fan set in the wall to draw off the heated air and odor of cooking from the building. Small electric refrigerating plants are provided to do away with the inconvenience of hauling ice into the house. As yet electric labor saving apparatus has not been introduced to any large extent in private houses, but some of the accompanying illustrations, which show its uses in hotels, will be suggestive of its possibilities in the home. Here may be seen the electric dishwasher, the dishes being piled into an open wire basket and dipped into boiling water which is whirled rapidly against them by an electric motor. The same operation repeated in three different vessels will thor- oughly clean the plates, after which an electric fan is used for drying them. The entire operation requires but a few minutes. The knives can be scoured and polished by passing them between a pair of rapidly rotating buff-wheels, and an emery wheel is provided for sharpening the steel blades. But the use of the electric motor in the kitchen is not con- fined to cleaning apparatus. A number of electrically driven machines have been devised for preparing food. Two of these are shown herewith. One of them consists of a cab- bage-chopping machine, and the other is a potato-paring ma- chine. The latter discharges potatoes fully pared except for the eyes, which can readily be cut out by one of the attend- ants. It will be evident that these are but a few of the different uses to which electric power can be applied, and it is expected that the next few years will add wonderfully to the present variety of electric labor-saving devices for kitchen use. While the tendency of the day is undoubtedly toward the increased use of electricity in the household, its general January, 1907 A Corner in an Electrically Equipped Bathroom progress is dependent on various conditions. The popular prejudice that electricity is expensive in any form is fre- quently supported by the bills which come in for its use for light. No general means has yet been devised to satisfy consumers that the bills for electricity are fair and correct. This prejudice must be overcome before it can be applied to miscellaneous household matters. The Public Value of the Private Garden HERE is no easier or more delightful way in which the private citizen can contribute to the embellishment of his town or city than by the maintenance of a flower garden. Often enough it is quite impossible to do this, for land is scarce and valuable in crowded places, and the very persons who might be those most willing to help local embellishment in this way are pre- cluded from doing so from the lack of land. The late Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt pulled down a number of costly dwell- ings, purchased for this purpose, that he might arrange a small garden on one side of his great Fifth Avenue palace; Mr. Andrew Carnegie followed the same plan in the gar- den attached to his New York house; one or two other wealthy citizens of the metropolis have done the same; but the results have scarcely compensated for the cost, and the expense, in any event, is prohibitive in all except very oc- casional instances. Singularly enough it is the citizen of moderate means who can do more in this direction than his wealthy fellow towns- man on the avenue. The man who does not want to live on a costly street, or does not have to do so, will occupy a more modest house, and may perhaps have a bit of land before his front windows. It is a public duty to make the best of every such opportunity. The labor is never great; the cost is never large; but the results are always satisfactory. Even a single vase of flowers, or a box of blooming plants over the door or at the lower window sills, will accomplish much and be real notes of interest and of life in what might other- wise be solid expanses of solemn brown stone or scarcely less varied red brick. Moving out into the suburbs the opportunities for effec- tive work become greater. The further we get from the high-priced center the more ample the opportunities and the greater the responsibilities of the house owner. A gar- den of some size may be a matter of some expense; its care may entail a certain amount of labor, and it may, in short, be some ‘‘bother.’’ But the duty can not be escaped. If one does not care for a garden for one’s own sake, one should certainly maintain it as a matter of pride and as a duty due one’s neighborhood. ‘The personal interest will be sure to come, and come quickly; for plants are fascinating things to watch grow, and they are the mast brilliant and the most helpful of all exterior decorations. January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 31 MAKE-BELIEVE FLOWERS By S. Leonard Bastin OMPETITION in the natural world is so keen that those individuals which can not at least come up to a certain standard must soon be outstripped by others in the great struggle. As a consequence it is of the ut- most importance that species which find themselves at a disadvantage in any way should summon all their resources together to strengthen their position. To this end we may attribute many of the remarkable develop- ments both in the animal and vegetable kingdoms. Among plants several of the most interesting examples of this particular form of evolution are to be seen in the case of species which have adopted unusual methods for the ad- vertisement of their flowers. As every one knows a number of species are wholly or partially dependent upon the visits of insects for the fertilization of their blooms. In order to make the presence of the flowers known, these plants have re- sorted to the practice of surrounding the essential organs with gaily colored corollas. For some reason which it is not very easy to understand, a large group of plants representing Southern Europe Salvia Horminum Rubrum. A Flower which Advertises Itself By Its Variegated" F oliage Bougainvillea Glabra widely diverse genera have been unable to produce attractive blossoms; yet it is necessary that these flowers should be cross-fertilized by insect visitation. Nothing daunted, these enterprising species make up their deficiencies to such good purpose that quite often they end in outstripping their more fortunate rivals. An excellent instance of a species which has resorted to rather unusual methods of drawing attention to its flowers is Poinsettia pulcherrima. This plant, not unfrequently cultivated under glass on account of its decorative qualities, is a native of Brazil, and a member of the great Euphorbie family whose representatives range almost all over the world. The Poinsettia with its small cluster of greenish flowers would be scarcely noticeable among the mass of greenery surrounding the plant in its tropical home; but the species is well able to take care of its own affairs, for it has converted the terminal leaves of the blooming shoot into brightly col- ored bracts, so that each group of flowers is surrounded by rays of the most vivid crimson imaginable. An interesting side light as to the origin of the bracts is seen in the fact that Pieris Japonica. The Terminal Shoots of this Plant Are Bright Scarlet when the Flowering Season Is On 32 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS at times the upper leaves are partly green and partly red. Another genus of South American plants—Bougainvillea— has found it desirable to adopt a special mode of advertising its flowers, although these are provided with a proper corolla, and are almost as attractive as some of the smaller species of Primula for instance. But they are a dull yellow color and would be likely to appear insignificant among the leaves of the plant itself were they not surrounded by three large bracts colored in a very striking shade of lilac. Bougain- Aechmea of Brazil. Are Bright Pink, Although the Actual Flowers Are Not in the Least Attractive The Leaflets Surrounding the Flower villeas are climbing plants, and as the flowers and their showy appendages are produced in great masses, the presence of the floral organs is announced in a most striking fashion to all passers by. Indeed a Bougainvillea in full bloom would be seen from a great distance off, and one could conceive the insects being attracted from all parts. Of course in composite flowers, the most showy portions of the blooms really serve no other purpose than to advertise the real essential organs. Daisies, Chrysanthemums, and Asters are typical of this special formation, when in their single state. If we take a specimen of any of these flowers we shall find that the outside circle of colored rays is com- posed of nothing more than petal-like processes. “They are perfectly sterile; in fact their sole office in life is to look attractive. The central mass of yellow material is com- posed of hundreds of flowers, destitute of petals but all pro- vided with the organs of reproduction. By this clever ar- rangement the composite flowers are able to produce a far greater number of seeds than is the case in the majority of orders. In a Southern European Salvia (S. horminum rubra) is to be seen yet another mode of drawing attention to somewhat unattractive flowers. This plant has rather small blooms in the regular labiate style, sprouting out from the axils of the leaves. With about two-thirds of the shoot the foliage is of an ordinary green color, but in the remaining terminal por- tion the leaves are first of all partly and then finally wholly colored in bright pink. Thus during the blooming season this decidedly humble plant is transformed into a most strik- ing object, so much so that it is recognized as a valuable border plant in the garden. It is notable that as the plant passes from its blooming stage the pink gradually becomes green, proving that they are actually leaves which have taken upon themselves the rather unusual office of helping the flow- ers to make known their presence. January, 1907 As all botanists are aware, red is frequently associated with growing shoots. It is interesting to observe that this point has been turned to good account in the case of a Japanese indigenous species called Pieris Japonica. The plant is shrubby in habit and is nearly allied to Arbutus. In the spring the Pieris produces its small white flowers, which are often so sheltered by the leaves as to pass almost unobserved. But notice what takes place at this season. A little bit ahead of the opening of the blooms the fresh growth commences from the shoots, and the young leaves are of a most brilliant scarlet. Passing insects can not fail to mark the bright dis- play of color, and, alighting upon the leaves, soon become aware of the presence of the slightly fragrant flowers. It would seem that one will not be very wrong in supposing that strongly marked leaf coloration is generally present to make the plant conspicuous. Such genera as Coleus, Co- dizum, to mention only two, often display the most gor- geously colored foliage although their flowers are compara- tively insignificant. A species of Aechmea has been found in Brazil in which the leaflets surrounding the flower stem are tinted with bright pink although the actual flowers are not at all attractive. Many observers have proved up to the hilt that insects exhibit a strong tendency to settle on a colored object, and it can be imagined that if the specimens could once be induced to alight on the leaves they would be almost certain to come across the flowers. It is very remark- able in this connection that many of these species with showy foliage assume their brightest colors just about the blooming time of the plant. In dwelling upon a question such as the one under consid- eration it is always a strange reflection, as to why it is that certain species seem to be more favored than others. ‘To particularize in an instance, one may take the case of the Salvia referred to above. This plant has numerous allies some of which are scarcely so well favored in the attractive- ness of their flowers as S. horminum rubrum. Yet these have not been able to blaze forth to the world with all the Poinsettia Pulcherrima. A Flower Inconspicuous Because of Its Greenish Petals, But Attractive to Cross Fertilizing Insects Because of Its Bright Terminal Leaves glory of gaily colored leaves and have to be content with ordinary green foliage. The problem is deep and far reach- ing, and one which it is far more easy to propound than to explain. It seems to be only half an explanation to say that one plant requires special assistance and the other does not. Probably the question could not be settled in one answer for it is likely that the reason is very different in individual cases. January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 33 The Question of the Fireplace By John A. Gade SiG O BUILD a fireplace correctly you must A ‘know how.’’ You will not stumble into suc- Wj cess without some previous knowledge. As —) the “motif” of an opera or a single high-light of a picture may be the soul of the composi- tion, so the fireplace and mantel are the design of the room and its most important WP Ci keynote of the features. A hundred years ago we bricked up the broad, generous chimneys of the earlier pre-revolutionary period, left a hole for a stove-pipe, and then enjoyed the novel luxury of the 1—Of the Best Louis XVI Design stove. The age of grates and blowers followed, but these also quickly passed, leaving merely a recollection of their stinginess. ‘They were never intended as a genuine source of heat, or drowsy, contemplative happiness. At their best they only “‘took the chill” off the room, and had to be supple- mented by the register. To-day, and especially in our country houses, we are once more realizing the artistic value of a good fireplace. What can compare to the comfort of the open hearth in your bed- room, when you return to it from your tub on a cold winter morning? Or in the evening, when you are tired after a day’s hard work or exercise, what can come up to stretching your legs on the hearth, sitting with no other light than the glow of the logs and listening to the cheerful crackle and incessant sputter. An apathy and lazy contentment steals over you. Whether you poke the embers as the poorest ama- teur or pile up the logs and kindling as the most expert fire- builder (and that is high art!)—its mellowing influence is the same. In attempting to build a fireplace the first problems which face you are those of proportion, construction, and materials. The design of the fireplace itself, the opening, the linings, the facings, and the mantel, are naturally all vital considerations. The height and width and depth of the opening should all, if the fire is to draw well, be in certain proportions one to the other as well as to the lines of the throat and the area of the flue. In fireplaces where the flues are expected to run three stories or more, the flue area at the top of the smoke cham- ber should be one-twelfth the area of the fireplace opening, if two stories, one-tenth, and single story one-eighth. These proportions will burn wood fires. In the case of hard coal fires, the flue areas may be reduced 30 per cent. (From this may be seen the difficulty of making the coal grate fireplaces of the old New York brown stone houses meet the require- ments of the fireplaces transformed for burning wooden logs.) The total throat area should have one and one-half 2—In Harmony With Its Surrounding Panel-work times the flue area. No open fireplace should be built with- out a backdraft shelf, so arranged that it extends far enough out to prevent rain coming down the chimney and rusting the iron work. A liberal smoke chamber and the backdraft shelf are essential. The front edge of the fireplace opening should be made as thin as possible. The depth of the fireplace should be at least one-half its width. 34 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS For the average bedroom, say for instance 14 x 18 x 10, or 2,500 cubic feet, a fireplace opening 3 feet wide, 2 feet 6 inches high, and 1 foot 8 inches deep will be found of good proportions. It should have a terra-cotta lined flue of about 100 square inches of inside area, or the flue known in the trade as an 8x 12 inch. An excellent section for its throat is given in illustration 6. For the average bedroom fireplace the 8 x 12-inch flue is quite sufficient, for the larger openings of very generous rooms a 12 x 12-inch, while for the smaller needs of the laundry stove an 8x 8-inch suffices. In the larger living rooms, in the dining-room, library, or above all in the living halls of country houses, one should attempt to procure openings slightly larger than 4 feet, or of dimensions 4 feet 2 inches by 3 feet 6 inches by 2 feet deep. A cord of wood is 4 feet wide and it is both pleasant as well as a saving in labor to be able to throw on the fire the whole unsplit or unsawn log. The success or failure of a fireplace depends, at least to the average house owner, more upon its draft than upon its design. If it draws well it is a delight, if it constantly smokes it isa misery. ‘The shape of the fireplace, the size and course of the flues, and the conditions surrounding the chimney all affect the draft. I have already mentioned good proportions for the fire- place and flues. The course of the flues must, from the vary- ing conditions of superposed stories and rooms, often become tortuous and intricate. A chimney stack often contains from four to eight flues each, each one from a different fireplace, no 3—French Mantel of Simple Restrained Outline two of which have vertically superimposed masonry. The flues are obliged to dodge each other through the various floors, and yet at the end of their journey come out orderly side by side, above the roof. The extent and turns and twists a flue can take without refusing to draw is astonishing. I have seen a fireplace draw properly, whose flue, after rising to the ceiling, crossed the whole width, running practically January, 1907 horizontally for twenty feet, and then just vertically, coming out of the roof the opposite side of the house from the fire- place. Generally speaking, however, a flue should not be slanted over 60 degrees. A slight slant to the flue is pref- erable to a perfectly vertical course when a down draft often affects the fire. The flues rising from fireplaces in lower stories than the one in question should, if coming on the sides 4—A Louis XV Mantel of our opening, always have four inches of brickwork between them and the fire, if behind our opening, eight. Run the flues, to a reasonable extent, as far back in your wall as is possible. The broad projections of the chimney breast lessen the size of the room much more than one imag- ines. [he bulky proportions of the huge chimneys of Cluny, St. Germain, and Blois were due to the fact that the builders ran their flues in front of their walls, not yet having learned to place them in chases and recesses. We, on the other hand, often go to the other extreme, and riddle our walls with so many flues that we seriously weaken the carrying strength of our masonry. The exit of the chimney from the house should also have forethought. It should never be lower than the immediately surrounding roofs or gables, but preferably from three to four feet higher. It should never be adjacent to a high wall. In New York City one constantly sees the ridiculous instances where high apartment houses have been built beside the old low residences, whose chimneys on the apartment side will no longer draw. Long arms of tin pipe, twenty, thirty feet high, carry the mouths of the flues up and away from the overshadowing wall that choked their drafts. The high wall of the apartment had been acting as a windbreak, throwing the smoke of the fireplace right back in the room as soon as it rose. January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ac Ses pve ; Ge x i i & if. E i LE me mae 5 —An Example of the Elaboration of the Post Renaissance Period SEE 4 ea. | | | | | | | FLUE | ee | if “SMOKE CHAMBER (THROAT aK ‘ | FIG. 2.— ELEVATION. Figs. ss | ee | SFCT/ON. FRONT HEARTH BACK HEARTH =a) HEARTH —PLAN, — | Vay RER ¢e} 6—Constructional Details of an Ideal Fireplace It is a fallacy to believe that your chimney top needs coy- ering, or your chimney smokes because it is unprotected. The more open and unobstructed the top of the flue, the better. A properly constructed flue and fireplace need neither cowl, cap, nor hood. It is not practical to build fireplaces of the inglenook type. ‘hey are meant for tremendous, big halls. The design and heat are generally out of proportion to the cham- ber. In old English examples, as for instance in Bramall Hall, the enclosure was practically a small room in itself; you could seat yourself on benches, “inside the fire.’ The high and narrow openings of the Italian Renaissance period were likewise meant for chimneys having very different flues and construction from ours. In building your fireplace the endeavor should rather be to construct it with the view of throwing the heat out into the room. You may easily have a huge fireplace opening and a splendid draft, but every bit of heat may be sucked up the chimney instead of radiated out into the chamber. Build the sides of the opening so that they open into the room, wider in front than behind. A splay of two inches to the foot on each side will be found satisfactory. More important is the building of the back. It should have a section, A-A’, as in illustration 6. This will cause the heat to be thrown forward and out rather than upward. ‘The materials of your front hearth and back hearth, of your linings and facings, are many and varied. The back hearth and linings must always be of materials that resist the heat. A glazed tile should not be used for the rear hearth, as it certainly will “craze” or crock. The old fash- ioned soapstone, used in slabs from 1 inch to 1 1-2 inches, is excellent both for linings and rear hearth. It takes up very little room and if the slabs are carefully selected they should last from twenty to thirty years. Hard burned bricks, or the real firebrick, or Roman shaped bricks, laid in herring-bone or fancy patterns, are among the most serviceable linings and back hearths. For their use one naturally needs four inches of additional space all around the sides of the fireplace. Where economy of space is the great consideration, iron linings are imperative. Select, however, an “extra heavy” iron lining and see that the angles are tightly filled with AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1907 cement after they have been put together. The thin lining sold at the ‘“‘ordinary,” will often crack with the first bright fire. The front hearth and facings, which are more ornamental than structural, should be considered in conjunction with the design of your mantel. Marble, stone, brick, tiles of all colors, sizes and designs are alternately used. The French scarcely use any other facing than an elaborately curved cast iron one, and in the English bedrooms one finds pretty in- variably an ornamented tile. If a marble facing is used, the slab should be 7-8 inches thick. It should naturally, as also a tile, conform in color to the papering or wall covering. If you are uncertain when you are building your fireplace what you may later select for wall covering, a white, unglazed, ‘‘velvet”’ tile is always the safest, especially in bedrooms. If you select a stone facing, select preferably a limestone which resists the heat, and do not use it in blocks less than four inches thick. Even if you select a brick facing and build the bricks in an arch above your opening, do not trust to its sup- porting the masonry above. Carry this by a concealed iron lintel well bedded in the masonry on the sides. Provide your throats with dampers which can be closed when the fireplace is not in use. Project your hearth at least 16 inches into the room and far enough on each side of the opening to catch stray sparks. Unless you know precisely what you want, selecting the mantel itself becomes almost as difficult as choosing a wife. Certain rules should govern every one in its design and selec- If the mantel is to be of wood, it should be similar to tion. Z % 7a, f . 7—A Hooded Renaissance Fireplace the remainder of the trim of the room; it should further be in scale with the room, of good proportions and ornamentation. Papier maché ornaments will in nine out of ten instances, where the mantel is to be painted, serve your purpose. If you are not limited by the cost, carve your decorations. January, 1907 And now as to style. There is no part of our house in which every period of architectural design is more frequently utilized, helter-skelter. What would look most suitable in the average bedroom of our unpretentious country house would be a plain wooden frame of a hard wood, well-sea- soned, so as neither to crack, shrink, or warp. After being well filled it should, if the remainder of the room is painted, receive four or, even better, five coats of paint. On top of the frame place a shelf supported and connected by a sufh- cient bedmold to the moldings below. Project it from eight to twelve inches from the wall. Make your facing of equal dimensions on the top as on the sides. A great portion of the simpler ready made mantels derive their stilted appear- ance from the fact that the facing above the opening is much too large in proportion to the facings of the sides. If you are uncertain as to the style of your mantel, in a room of a decided architectural period, you can do no better 8—A Good Copy of an Old English Type than also conscientiously to carry out your mantel in the style of the room. Nothing could have looked as charming or in better keeping with the room in illustration No. 1 as its Louis XVI mantel. It is absolutely historically correct, probably a copy of an old one of the best design of the period. It has the low mantel shelf, in Louis XVI work, sel- dom above 4 feet 3 inches, the broad ornamented frieze, with neither classical architrave nor cornice molds, the curved iron facings, and wide opening. Illustration No. 2 gives another mantel of the same period. ‘They are both simple and re- strained, especially in comparison with the immediately pre- ceding style of Louis XV, illustration No. 4. Here the treat- ment is generally artificially unrestrained, again character- istic of the decoration of its time. There is hardly a straight outline of an unbroken surface. The moldings and angles are broken by shells and conventionalized scrollwork. The lin- ings and facings are of cast iron with elaborate figures. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 37 Both of the French mantels are, however, in strict con- formity with the surrounding decorations designed and studied in connection with the mirrors and panels surround- ing them. In illustration No. 5, the mantel has become a regular monument in its room, as striking as a monumental! sepulchral composition on the bare walls of a chapel. It is modeled after earlier periods marked by the importance or clumsiness given to their design. ‘The great bulk of masonry takes one back to the French castles of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, where groups of guards would warm them- selves around the logs at each end of the great hall. It does not show the careful study and treatment, for instance, of the early French Renaissance mantels of the Chateau de Cadillac. For successful French treatment, merely from a point of view of monumental mantel design, we must, however, search in the later periods of Louis XIV and Louis XV, when such men as David Marot, Berain, etc., were executing their conscien- ic. PPA | ; Mies... : % AGA S PAPAP ESV ti ei ge” COM ie | BRS e See ee . ree 9—Of Colonial Type, but Slightly Mongrel tious work. In illustration No. 7, we have a good type of the hooded Renaissance mantel. For our common, every day household needs, we must, I believe, go to another period of architecture to procure man- tels in harmony with the surroundings of our daily life. In England we find the greater portion of their prototypes. Mantels similar to those in Wilton House, Knousley Hall, Belton House, etc., are the direct historic predecessors of some of our best Colonial ones. Even in the great residences similar to Hampton Court Palace or Holmes Lacy, Hereford, if we omit the carvings of the overmantels and thereby ob- serve the simple, restrained proportions of Inigo Jones’ work, we find numberless variations of the forms and general pro- portions we are to-day fittingly employing. We can rob the whole fireplace and mantel from the old English living and dining-rooms (illustration No. 8) and set them up in our own country house and they will look almost as much at home 38 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS in their new surroundings as they did in the original ones for which they were designed and built. A great many of our finer Colonial ones in Vir- ginia and Pennsylvania were, together with the other decor- ations of the American gentle- man’s country seat, as well as the bricks themselves, brought directly from English houses or makers. They are unpre- tentious, —_ well-proportioned, and inexpensive. Almost any mill or cabinet-maker can exe- cute them. All the larger salesrooms or dealers in man- tels have hundreds of compar- atively excellent copies of mantels originally executed for English Georgian or our own Colonial houses of the next generation (illustration No. 9g). Our Colonial ones were, out of economy, almost always executed in wood. Only one additional feature of the fireplace is worth notic- ing, and that is its great value as a ventilator. It creates a steady current in the chamber and draws out the exhausted air. To be truly hygienic, the chimney should be fed by exterior fresh air January, 1907 4 10—Of Excellent Georgian Form inlets. Fed by these, it really becomes a ventilator, a hot air mouth, which constantly replaces the air of the room by heated fresh air. A True Country Home By Edward Watts DO not intend to write of a costly country place, where people of wealth may resort; but a model home for an energetic, intelli- gent family, willing to study nature and put their knowledge to practical use. A well- located residence of twenty acres, or even ten, where the conditions are not unusually unfavorable, can be made to pay its own way, and yet take into its makeup nearly all the charms of landscape beauty. The homestead that I shall describe was not unusually fertile, but its posi- tion on the western.slope of a superb valley, overlooking a dozen villages and a city, with garden-like scenery in all directions, could not be easily surpassed. Yet our country holds many such places; noble in outlook, where homes like the one that I shall describe may be easily planted and sustained. I never travel through New England, and the same is true of the Western States, and still more of the Southern, without saying again and again, ‘There, what a noble place for a home! What a winsome location for a house!’’ It only needs an educated.will and a resolution to study Nature and be instructed by her. Those who go out to spend money I am not concerned with; but the man of moderate means, who has a taste for the beautiful, and is willing to adjust himself to new conditions. The old homestead of my boyhood occupied the very heart of a western slope, overlooking the Oriskany valley, where it runs down through the center of the Empire State. On a broad rise in the middle of the valley lay the village of Clin- ) A 4 ton. Its roads, bordered with trees, felt their way in all directions through the hills, awaiting for steam-cars and trolleys. It was the first village created by New Englanders on their way Westward to conquer a continent. I do not wonder that on that knoll the pioneers from Connecticut first planted a home. My own venture was to be on the very spot where Dominie Kirkland, with his friend Sconodoah, planted the first pioneers’ orchard in 1791. Most of the great trees were still standing, and the old farmhouse, built when the trees were planted, was still capable of occupancy. From the orchard, along the southeast slope, toward the street, was a succession of knolls and swales. Following these upward, till they came to a level sward, I found not only my natural driveways, but an inviting position for my house. Here could be secured the most perfect drainage, and a commanding position. This location, it may be ob- served, was not the conventional one near the roadside. It was selected by Nature herself, as on the whole the best spot for a house that should command the whole property. It was as convenient for the rear as for the front. Drainage from this point was perfect, and the outlook took in not only the property itself, but the whole valley. The construction of the house was to follow the nature of its location. Having command of a wide outlook and of many beautiful points, it must not be so constructed as to shut these out. In other words, a building was to be erected exactly adapted to.the spot where it stood; a building that would not so well fit any other place. It was to be simple January, 1907 in structure, but ample; and to let in just as much of out- doors as possible. It was, in fact, a sort of outdoors house that we proposed to build. And this was what we did build. A true country house should not have any back side to it, but should be equally attractive on all sides; for this reason you would hardly recognize any one side of this homestead as the front. The gardens that we planted were first of all to supply a large and adequate supply of crops for home use. If in time a surplus occurred, we intended to find a market. In reality a surplus did occur about three years from planting. It be- gan with the strawberry crop, soon extended to the rasp- berries; then to the cherries and plums, and finally took in pears and apples. In planting a country-home garden, it is well to begin with a rather free planting of the raspberry. As this berry can not be shipped to a distance, it can hold the home market. We have found the currant also to be a very good home-market fruit. ‘There is never a glut in sour cherries, and it is advisable to add to these only strawberries enough to supply nearby customers. This rule does not apply where one is in possession of property peculiarly adapted to this berry; that is, low-lying land, easily irrigated. Our gardens were for experiment as well as cropping; and such experiments have been carried on from the begin- ning. Among the results are a currant standing seven feet high, and bearing fruit equal to Fay; that is, a bush one- third larger than any of the best varieties. Another currant of fine quality holds its fruit until November. Other products are too numerous to be specified in this place. In order that experimental work might be more successful, a laboratory was built, as well as a shop, in connection with the barn. Home education naturally became a part of the program. Botany, geology, ornithology, and particularly entomology, are essential parts of farm-life. Where tutors can be obtained education may be almost entirely without the aid of public schools. This, however, is the exception. At all events let these home sciences find their place. Otherwise a country home is not either appreciated or comprehended. A knowledge of insects, bees, and birds is quite as essential as a knowledge of cows and _ horses. Our country-home makers must be waked up to comprehend this fact. The orchard I have mentioned as including some very old trees. But these had begun to pass away, and must be steadily replaced. We have at present over eighty varieties of apples yielding three hundred and fifty barrels a year. This ‘does not include the drops which go to cider. The shop holds, when needed, a small cider-press, capable of making a fine item of income out of what would otherwise be largely waste. A country home should arrange its orchard-trees so that there should be a complete succession of apples through the whole year. We begin with Yellow Trans- parent in July, and end up with Pippins and Russets in June —leaving scarcely a gap without apples. The same is true of pears; the Rostiezer opening the year in July, and Patrick Barry closing it about the first of June. Flowers for a country home ought to be those most easily cultivated, and those not making too much winter care for I recommend above everything else a good- This can completely surround the house, protection. sized shrubbery. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 39 provided the house be far back from the street; or it can flank it—preferably to the east. Such a shrubbery would make a specialty of native sorts, and provide itself liberally with lilacs, syringas, and other varieties of shrubs bearing sweet flowers. It is worth a good deal to a house to have the gentle summer breezes waft in a plenty of ozone. But at the present time any country home can, at small cost, pro- vide itself with blossoming shrubs through the whole sea- son. Of course, a rose garden is a necessity. It should be located where it can be cultivated with a plow. It must be manured heavily, and can be provided with varieties that will not need much winter protection. I have not found any flower more satisfactory for a country home than the tulip. These multiply very rapidly. I have them pushed into the strawberry rows, where they blossom by the acre; the flowers being gone, and even the stalks, before we begin picking the berries. Gorgeous lilies, including madonna and lancifol- ium, may be had by the thousand without much labor. The gladiolus makes another good plant, as the bulbs can be set in where there is but little space to spare. But be careful about trying too many annuals and biennials that must be grown from seed. We occupy nine acres and of these nearly one-half is de- voted mainly to tree lawns, shrubberies, and flowers. In these lawns there are, however, some fruit trees. We sell of strawberries less than fifty dollars a year; of currants about two hundred dollars’ worth; from red raspberries and a few black ones we take over three hundred dollars per year; from blackberries about two hundred dollars. Cher- ries and plums will net a surplus of one hundred, pos- sibly one hundred and fifty. Having reduced our pear orchard by sale of land, the surplus for market will not ex- ceed seventy-five dollars. From bees we secure about five hundred pounds per year; of this we sell three hundred pounds, at the maximum. The item for eggs, broilers, etc., will not exceed fifty dollars. The surplus sale of apples, in- cluding cider and vinegar, reaches about four hundred dol- lars, and is constantly increasing. ‘This is a max'mum state- ment, and must be taken with this consideration, that every year notes that failure, or partial failure, of two or three crops. In other words we average a sale, beyond all that we eat, of about twelve hundred dollars. That is to say that we have a beautiful country home; and it pays. The ex- penses of such a home, of course, vary according to the family and its habits. I have not hesitated to use my own experience by way of evidence. Such a place as described can not be recommended as possible for those who will not be alert, and whose educa- tion has come short of educating the will; much less can it be recommended to any one who wishes simply to be fed by nature, without attentive labor. Such a spot excludes all thought of rental and tenancy; conferring upon itself that glorious title ‘“home’’—a permanent abiding-place, where the soul may grow and twine its tentacles about every tree, and a thought about every growth. The drift country- ward is now met by the trolley, the rural free mail-delivery and the telephone. These give to the farmer all the ad- vantages of city life and something over. We shall prob- ably see all of our hills covered with such happy homes, and a suburbanism covering the whole land. 40 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1907 Preserving the Eggs By A. S. Atkinson E TOOK to poultry-raising like a duck to water when we secured possession of our suburban home. ‘There was only an acre of land around the house, which had to serve as a flower-garden, orchard, kitchen-garden, : and poultry-yard. But our ideas of poultry were somewhat exalted. We had no love for the common barn-yard birds. We chose the aristocrats of the flock— fancy poultry, if you please. They came high at first, and a little later they proved dear investments, for half of them died the first year and most of the fancy eggs which we purchased failed to hatch. We secured more eggs, with guarantees attached to them, and restocked with more choice old birds. Experience had taught us how to avoid some of the common mistakes of beginners, and we had less sickness and anxiety of mind. But after two years of such work we gradually drifted back to the common idea. Fancy poultry are fine for show, but after all good, fresh eggs count more. So we slowly replaced our expensive birds with good layers. We soon had a colony that furnished us with all the eggs we could use, and in time a surplus accumulated in summer. We had the experience so common among most subur- banites who like to raise their own fresh eggs. There was always a surplus in summer and a dearth of eggs in winter. We had to sell or give away part of the summer eggs and go into the market in winter to purchase fresh (or more often cold-storage eggs) at double the prices we sold fresh eggs for in summer. ‘This didn’t seem right. ‘There should be some way to remedy such a deplorable state of affairs. Why not preserve the eggs? Nearly everything is pre- served for winter consumption, and why not eggs? Well, we inquired into the question, and found that cold-storage eggs were kept from three to six months, but to do this one re- quired an extensive and costly plant. Limed eggs were not enjoyed by any of us, and refrigerator eggs generally spoilt on account of the excess of moisture. Our convictions were sufficiently strong to lead us to experi- menting. Possibly there was a way to preserve eggs which all the philosophers and men of science in the past had failed We tried some of the time-honored methods which have been handed down from generations past, and ventured into new fields of our own. Painting the eggs with various oils and paraffin mixtures yielded some good results. Some of these methods consisted of coating the eggs with salicylic acid and cotton-seed oil with and without alcohol, parafin, collodium, and gum arabic. Fairly good results were obtained with eggs treated in this way, but they did not prove satisfactory for any great length of time. The lime solution we next tried consisted of lime and salt, with a little borax and sodium bicarbonate. The eggs were kept in good condition upward of several months in this but the shells were discolored and they did not present a fine outside. They could not have been sold in the market except as limed eggs. Their method of preservation was too apparent. They had, after six weeks, a slight musty taint, which increased every month until they were not good for much except cooking, where the musty odor would be disguised by the other ingredients. Various salicylic-acid solutions were tried, but in nearly every case the acid weakened the shells, and when kept too long some of the shells broke and the acid got inside, com- to discover. solution, pletely spoiling the eggs. We used about one ounce of this acid to each gallon of water, and a stronger solution increased the injury to the shells. After all these experiments we were induced to try water- glass, liquid glass, or silicate of soda. Under these various names water-glass is sold at druggists’ for egg-preservation. The material is perfectly harmless, and it preserves the eggs longer and more satisfactorily than any other substance. In the last year or two it has been used extensively throughout the country for preserving eggs, but at the time of our experi- ment it was not a popular or generally known preservative. We first used a ten-per-cent. solution of water-glass; that is, one part by measure of water-glass to ten parts of water. The water should be boiled and cooled before the water-glass is mixed with it. The water-glass if good should be about as thick as mucilege, and when mixed with the water the barrel containing the mixture should be kept in a cool, dark place. Sometimes in hot weather the water-glass shows a tendency to separate from the water, but if the barrel is kept in the cellar or other cool place little trouble will be experienced. With the water-glass solution June eggs were kept until December, and with but few exceptions they were in good condition when used. Here and there one was found which had the whites coagulated. A few would sink to the bottom when placed in water. But none of them were actually spoilt or so musty as to be useless. In fact, some of the eggs used six months after storing were so fresh in taste, odor, and appearance that I believe they would have passed as fresh eggs in the market. It was apparent that some of the eggs did not keep so well because of improper coating of the water-glass solution. We made another trial with a twenty- per-cent. solution of water-glass, reasoning that if a weak solution would do so well a strong one would accomplish much more. But in this we were mistaken. The stronger solution gave no better results, and in some respects we thought it not quite so good. An eight-per-cent. and later a fifteen-per-cent. mixture were tried, but with such poor results that we decided that the ten-per-cent. strength was about right. We found upon inquiring for water-glass that a number of druggists had never heard of it, but when we asked for silicate of soda there was no trouble to secure all we needed. When a barrel of the solution is made and placed in the cellar or other cool place, the fresh eggs are simply dropped into the liquid from day to day as they are gathered. The eggs should be kept covered with the solution, usually an inch or two giving the best results. If the eggs increase in numbers, the liquid must be increased, if there is any danger of the former being exposed to the air. Air is fatal to the preser- vation of fresh eggs, and they should never be taken from the barrel an instant except when ready for using. If it is desirable to sell the eggs in the market they can be removed from the barrel and rinsed off with fresh water. The solution immediately leaves the shell, and the eggs will pass for fresh eggs. ‘The water-glass seals the egg-shells air- tight, and this is the simple reason for the success of the plan. Where the eggs are to be kept a great while, they can be taken out of the old solution and placed carefully in a new barrel. This repacking enables one to get at the lower layers, which naturally are the oldest eggs. Eggs six months old may not sell as well as strictly fresh ones, but for home use they are just as good. January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Ix lbs aig t\ ” WfpjH~—=_ ( Cl a Z Myf ILLIA een peculiar charm of its tone has been the despair of its imitators. @ Its responsive touch and general mechanical perfection make it the favorite instrument alike for teacher and virtuoso. Q Its refinement of finish makes it a thing of artistic beauty, and the absolute honesty in every detail of material and workmanship gives it those staying powers that makes iv possible to find Chickering Pianos made in 1826 in good condition to-day. CHICKERING ¢& SONS, 826 Tremont St., BOSTON Established 1823 Catalogue upon request P ANHE Chickering Piano possesses those qualities which satisfy and will endure. Q The Oe x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1907 Roofed with “Target-and-Arrow’” Old Style Tin in 1870 A Serviceable Weather-Tight Roof To-day This is the building of the Peters Hardware Company at Emporia, Kansas. It was built in 1870 and roofed, when built, with our ‘‘Target-and-Arrow’’ Old Style tin. In spite of the fact that it has been walked over, run over with wheelbarrows and subjected to other abuses, it is still weather-proof and giving good service. The roofs of the buildings around the Eckert Furnaces at Reading, Pa., gave trouble from the gases and sulphur fumes. Several kinds of patent roofing were tried, including slag and gravel, but all failed. Finally roofs of “‘Target-and-Arrow”’ Old Style tin were put on. These gave perfect service for more than twenty years and would doubtless have lasted for many years to come had not the building been torn down. Prospective builders, hesitating between good tin and its many cheap, patent substitutes, should read ‘‘ A Guide to Good Roofs.’? We send it free to any who ask. Note that we now use the old name for the brand —‘‘ TARGET and ARROW”’ Old Style—rather than the words ‘‘Taylor Old Style,’’ which have been imitated in every possible way by other tinplate houses N. & G. Taylor Company Established 1810 PHILADELPHIA January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi HE above cut illustrates one of the many~ bathrooms which may~ be seen in our Chicago showrooms. The arrangement of each room is original, and is designed with a view to attaining the best, most practical and most harmonious combinations. Visitors are invited to inspect our showrooms, which extend over three floors and comprise the most complete exhibit of Plumbing Goods ever shown. ESTABLISHED 1855 L. Wolff Manufacturing Co. ¢«/Manufacturers of Plumbing Goods Exclusively Showrooms, 91 Dearborn Street DENVER> CHICAGO TRENTON You can do this without capital and without interfering with your present occupation. Our co-operative methods insure larger and steadier profits than ever before. We will You Can E arn tr O Mm teach you the Real Estate, General Brokerage and Insurance Business by mail, appoint you special representative of the largest international brokerage company, send you Kets : eae of choice salable real estate and investments and co-operate with and help you make a oe 4 000 r05]Q 000: year large steady income. , seit) Every business man should have our Commercial Law Course, which {9 given free to TT th A Poal Estate Bus] [Hess sana lbp nore a Our FREE BOOK ie valuable and interesting and tells how THE CROSS COMPANY, RB 906 Reaper Block, CHICAGO Details of Building Construction Acoulleativn of 33 placce of By CLARENCE A. MARTIN scale drawings with introduo- Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University tory text. This book is 10 by 124 in. Price, $2.00 in size, and substantially bound For Sale by n cloth. MUNN & COMPANY, 361 Broadway, New York Roane to Architecture, Munn @, Co. Bon: Fis La Pee pee 2 ae 361 Broadway, New York ommended and supplied by our well-equippe Book Department Living-Music-Box is the registered name for my genuine , Geisler -Andreasberg - Roller U. S. Pat. No. 50,853. a special-bred strain of Canaries directly im- ported fromourown hatcheries inGermany. Their song is entirely different from the ordinary Canary and far superior to any- thing you have ever heard. It is simply marvelous how a little bird like this can bring forth such a volume of sweet, rich, melodious tunes. Guaranteed 5 Day and Night Songsters $ Other varieties from $2 up. Sent by express anywhere in the U.S. or Can. ¢alive arrival at Ex. office guaranteed. Beware of Imitators. Cage and bird’s inside wing must be stamped with my registered Trade-Mark, *‘ Living-Music-Box,’’ or not genuine. Kahuka, Oahu, Hawaii, April 21, 1906. Received my Geisler-Roller in perfect condition. I never heard such sweet hotes before. Thank you, Mr. Geisler, for your fair treatment. L. I. Bourke, Large illustrated catalog, booklet and testimonials free. Geisler’s Bird Store, Dept. 57, Omaha, Neb. Largest Mail Order Bird House in the World. Established 1888. New Rose of Extraordinary Beauty SNOW QUEEN (also called Frau Karl Druschhi) Hardy Perpetual Flowering White Rose. It should be in every garden. We offer strong field-grown plants. For description of this and many other novelties send for booklet with beautiful colored plate of the New Rose; also illustrated descriptive catalog (144 pages) free. ELLWANGER & BARRY Mount Hope Nurseries ROCHESTER, N. Y. N actual example of what plant foods can do for farmers was shown when a small potato patch was treated with PorasH and yielded 55.8 pounds of potatoes, while a near- by patch wnfertilized with PorasH gave only 21 pounds returns. This is from an experiment station bulletin, compiled in our free book, ‘‘ Profitable Farm- ing,’ which gives authentic and authoritative accounts of experiments and actual results of practical and scientific farming. Send for it to-day GERMAN KALI WORKS 93 Nassau Street New York TRADE MARK Insist on the SY-CLo Water Closet— made of china. Sy- phonic Action ends danger of sewer gas. Booklet on ‘Household Health” free. POTTERIES SELLING CO., TRENTON, N. J. “‘Sedgwick’s BEST House Plans’’ A BEAUTIFUL BOOK 150 New Designs of small, economical homes costing from $500 to $5,000. Price $1. including sup- plement SSS SS] My Plans and Spec- ifications are made right | ————————————————— Ghurch Portfolio FREE Charles S. Sedgwick, Arch’t & 1028H Lumber Exch., Minneapolis,Minn. The Frog Book An interesting and practical work on ‘‘How to Breed, Feed and Raise Frogs.°° Sent postpaid for $1.00. cCMEADOW BROOK FARM cAllendale, N. J. COST $4,000 IZARD. A RAND Sheep Manure Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bad odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants, LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order. $4.00 Delivered to your Freight Station. Apply now. The Pulverized Manure Co.,21Unton Stock Yards, Chicago. xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1907 Refinish Your Furniture Do It Yourself ————— Interesting, simple and fascinating. Our practical FREE BOOK makes it a simple matter to finish or refinish furniture, wood- work, floors in Weathered, Mission, Mahog- any, Flemish and other effects with Johnson’s » Prepared Wax. Wax with cloth to any finished wood and rub to a polish with dry cloth. A beautiful finish It cleans, preserves and polishes will be immediately produced. the wood in one operation. and larger size cans. ings. time. Mention Edition AHI. a Eee American Homes and Gardens and Scientific American PS URERRRRRERRRPRPPRPPEEEEE to one address Sent sid ig So ONSTRUCTIVE eo] Technical Papers SOON TIMELY TOPICS PRICE, TEN CENTS EACH, BY MAIL ARTIFICIAL STONE. By L. P. Ford. A paper of immense prac- tical value to the architect and builder. Scientific American Supplement 1500. THE SHRINKAGE AND WARPING OF TIMBER By Harold Busbridge. An excellent psesentation of modero views; fully illustrated. Scientific American Supplement 1500. CONSTRUCTION OF AN INDICATING OR RECORD- ING TIN PLATE ANEROID BAROMETER. By N. Monroe Hopkins. Fully illustrated. Scientific American Supplement 1500. DIRECT-VISION SPECTROSCOPES. by T H Blakesley, M A. An admirably written, instructive and copiously illustrated a'ticle Scientific American Supplement 1493. HOME MADE DYNAMOS Scientific American Supplements 161 and 600 contain excellent articles witb full drawings. PLATING DYNAMOS. Scientific American Supplements 720 and 793 describe their construction se clearly tbat any amateur can make them DYNAMO AND MOTOR COMBINED. Fully described and illustrated in Scientific American Supplements 844 and 865. The machines can be run eitheras dynamos o1 motors ELECTRICAL MOTORS. Their Construction at Home. Scientific American Supplements 759, 761, 767, 641. Order through yoar newsdealer or from Munn © Co., 361 Broadway, New York Sold by all dealers in paint —10 cent and 25 cent packages It produces a beautiful, lasting and sanitary finish and polish to which dirt and dust will not adhere. It will not show scratches, blister, peel off or crack. Fine for linoleum, oilcloth and leather. Our book explains how you can easily change the color and finish of furniture to harmonize with your woodwork or furnish- We save you money by telling how old, discarded, poorly finished furniture can be made serviceable, stylish. Write at once for 48-page color book, regular 25-cent edition, that gives all this information. Sent FREE, postpaid, for a limited Apply Johnson’s Prepared Johnson’s Prepared Wax ““A Complete Finish and Polish for All Wood” For Furniture, Woodwork and Floors S. C. JOHNSON & SON, Racine, Wis. “The Wood-Finishing Authorities” Study Architecture EASY LESSONS, or Stepping Stone to ARCHITECTURE. By THOS. MITCHELL. ~%&* A simple text book telling in aseries of plain and simple answers to questions all about the various orders as well as the general principles of con- struction. The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy cream plate paper and illus- trated by 150 engravings, amongst which are illustra- tions of various historic build- ings. The book is 12mo. in size, and is attractively bound in cloth. Se oe Price, 50c. post Paid. MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York City Regular 2 Price $6 JANUARY WORK A Chapter of Seasonable Suggestions ne over the cannas, caladiums, and dahlias, to make sure they are keeping well in the cellar. If any decaying roots are found, throw them out, at once, before they contaminate others. If any are moldy, you may take it as an indication that their present quarters are too damp for them. Either re- move them to a dryer room, or spread them out on shelves, near the ceiling. It is often neces- sary to take tubers out of the cellar at this sea- son, because of the great amount of moisture there given off from vegetables. If any plants are stored there, in pots, it will be well to examine them, to make sure they are not getting entirely dry at the roots. It is not expected that the soil will get rid of all its moisture. Aim to keep it slightly damp, but not enough so to encourage growth. Underground cellars ought to be done away with. ‘They are relics of a dark age. More sickness originates in them, physicians claim, than anywhere else about the place. They can not be kept in sanitary condition while vege- tables are constantly decaying there. The place for a cellar is above ground, and outside the dwelling. Leave the basement for the furnace, the coal-bin, and a general storeroom. An above-ground cellar is more convenient, in every way. Your vegetables can be stored with less than half the labor, when you do not have to go up and down stairs with them. You can keep an above-ground cellar clean with but little trouble, while the underground one, being difficult to get at, will be neglected, nine times out of ten, and allowed to become a source of infection to the family above it. I hope the owners of homes in the country will put some earnest thought on this matter, and decide to build an above-ground cellar the com- ing spring. Ventilation and temperature are much more controllable in such a building than in the old-fashioned under-ground cellar, which obliges the housewife to use up so much strength in climbing stairs. Locate it con- venient to the kitchen, with which it can be connected, in winter, by an enclosed passage- Way. Now is a good time to go over the garden tools, and see that they are put in shape for use when spring comes. Make whatever re- pairs are necessary. Give all metal parts a wash of oil to prevent rust. Paint the wood- work. Care for these utensils properly, and they will last three times as long as those which are given no attention. There ought to be a workshop connected with every home which has a garden. The barn is a good place for it, if there is no other building available. Fit it up with a stove, provide saw, hammer, planes, and such other tools as will be likely to come in play in the work that must be done, and tell the boys of the family to learn how to use them. I believe in teaching boys how to work while they are boys. Give them encouragement and _ praise when they do things well, and let them feel that you have so much confidence in them that you are not afraid to put little responsibilities on their shoulders. Now is the time to get hotbed and cold- frame materials ready for use a month or two later. If those who have never had a hotbed would arrange one this season, they would never be without one again. We can have lettuce, radishes, and spinach weeks earlier from the hotbed than we can from the garden, and many kinds of vegetables can be given an early start that will enable us to secure results at least a month sooner than we could hope to if we were to depend entirely upon the garden for them. Hotbeds are easily made, and a little intelligent care is all that is January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Xili Own a Private WaterSupply Plant PRIVATE water supply system in your country or city home is surely very desirable, With a system of the right construction, you may have an abundant supply of water delivered under strong pressure during all seasons, —day and night. In your country home, you may have a water supply equal to that offered by any city water system, including complete plumbing equipment in the house, stable hydrants, and barn and garden connections. € This same private service may be had in the city, — where the city water pressure is inadequate, where the water is of an undesirable quality and where the water taxes are exorbitant. q A satisfactory water supply is assured and absolutely guaranteed, if you install The Kewanee Water System The main feature of the Kewanee System is the Kewanee Pneumatic Tank. This is an air tight, steel tank which is placed in the cellar and buried in the ground. Water from the well, cistern or other source is pumped into this tank. Pump- ing the water creates air pressure which deliv- ers the water to the various points of delivery. The Kewanee Pneumatic Tank replaces the elevated tank, which is unsightly and dangerous. It does away with the attic tank, which freezes, leaks and is unsatisfactory. Over five thousand Kewanee Outfits in successful operation Engineering service to solve your water problem is free; and we will guarantee your Kewanee Outfit to give absolute satisfaction. Write for Catalog No. 36 and please mention cAmerican Homes and Gardens Residence, E, L. Atkins, Paducah, Ky.. Supplied by Kewanee Water System Kewanee Water Supply Company~ Drawer KK, Kewanee, II. New York Office: Rooms 1300-01. No. 32 Broadway~ Address cor.espondence to Kewanee Office THE NEW AGRICULTURE By T. BYARD COLLINS HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have taken place in American agricultural methods which are transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. In brief, the Contents are as follows CHAPTER I. ‘This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the great West, and also hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not hitherto been found necessary. CHAPTER III, Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inocu- lating the soil by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria, CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awakening to the importance of canals and good roads, and their relation to economy and social well-being. CHAPTER V._ Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. CHAPTER VI. _ Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world, CHAPTER VII. Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modifications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it, CHAPTER X, Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. MUNN & CO.. Publishers “ 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 8vo. Cloth. 376 Pages 100 Illustrations Price, $2.00, Postpaid XIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1907 Brick Fireplace nN Artistic Feature of the Home—- | BreauriFur and workman- ee designs | skillful -j|ship are combined to secure the com- fort and quiet dignity expressing the real home atmosphere. We design, select and furnish Fireplaces of moulded bricks in tints and shades to suit your decorations from $10.00 up. Send for our large, illustrated Design Book FREE Colonial Fireplace Co. @uYca'so JUST P UB LIS H E D W ALL PAPERS @ WALL COVERINGS cA PRACTICAL HANDBOOK For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Build- ers and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illustrations showing the latest designs. By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS Extract from Preface The author has endeavored to include char- acteristic designs in vogue to-day, and to give reliable information as to the choice of wall papers as well as to describe the practical methods of applying them. In dealing with matters concerning decoration there is always the danger of leaning too much toward an ideal and of overlooking the practical requirements of commercial life. The author hopes that he has been successful in avoiding this fault, and that his book will be regarded as both practical and useful. One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. Price, $2 cCMUNN © CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK RECORY'S SEEDS If you have never planted them, try them this year. They never disappoint — they grow—they yield. Always sold under three guarantees, Insuring treshness, purity and reliability. For this reason thousands of farmers, gardeners and planters, both in the United States and Canada, plant G aTegOry ‘s Seeds exclusively. Our n alog contains many g#—= St stions and directions— £.0% the fruit of fifty Years’ exper 4 ience in the seed business. . ©, To Prove its Worth The ONLY WAY to tell the cause of falling hair in men and women is to make a MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION of the hair. When the DISEASE is KNOWN the CURE CAN BE PRESCRIBED. Send a few hairs to Prof. J. H. Austin, the 30 years’ Scalp Specialist and Bacteriologist and receive ABSOLUTELY FREE, a diagnosis of your case, a booklet on Care of Hair and "Scalp and a box of the Remedy which he will prepare for you. Enclosé 2 cent postage and write to-day. PROF. J. H. AUSTIN, 1324 McVicker's Theatre Bldg., Chicago,Up needed. You can get a little book, for ten cents, which will give you all the information required in the construction and control of the hotbed. Have you ordered your seeds? If not, do so at once. Get the best in the market. You will find them among the old firms who have the reputation of years’ of honest dealing back of them. Cheap seed, cheap in quality as well as in price, is expensive seed in the end, and we can not afford to invest in it. The plants in the windows ought to be coming into bloom now, or making active preparations for a generous crop of flowers a little later in the season. It is well to apply a reliable fertilizer, once a week. Do not give a strong dose. The plants don’t need that now, but they may later on. Sawer your plants frequently, to keep them free from dust, and to prevent red spider from doing them injury. Do not depend on hand- atomizers. You can not do effective work with them. What the owner of every win- dow-garden needs is a sprayer by which a steam—or a spray—can be thrown, at will. Be on the lookout for insects. Aphides al- ways seem to lie in wait. ‘The only safe way is to always act on the offensive. Apply the soap infusion so frequently recommended in this department. Use it at least twice a week, even if no insects are seen. Turn the plants in the window at least once a week, to prevent them from becoming one- sided and unsymmetrical by being drawn to the light. It is a good plan to give the taller plants the sides of the window, reserving the center of it for the low-growing ones which would get but little sunshine if we placed the taller ones in front. Shade-loving kinds can be given places in the rear of the tall ones, where they will get all the light they need. Give the callas plenty of water, and warmth. Fertilize well, to secure a strong growth. You can not get large flowers or many of them, from plants that are not luxuriant and vigor- ous. It is almost impossible to overfeed them. Potted bulbs will have made root-growth by this time, and you can begin to bring them to the windows. Keep them away from strong heat, if you want to secure the best results from them. In too high a temperature, they are likely to make a rapid, weak growth, and their flowers will be short-lived. A correspondent writes: ‘Last winter I had the misfortune to have my plants frozen. I did not know what to do with them, What is the right kind of treatment?” As soon as you find that your plants are frozen, remove them to a cool room—not a cold one—and shower all over with cool wa- ter. This will extract the frost from them so gradually that it will prevent a rupture of their cells, and the probabilities are that most of them can be saved. But this must be done be- fore any warmth gets to them. If they wilt before they are showered, most of them will die. Another correspondent writes: “I am very fond of flowers, but I haven’t a good place for them. On the south side of our house there is a long, wide veranda. Do you think I could make a plant-room out of it? How could I heat it?” Yes, I have seen a great many very success- ful plant-rooms made by enclosing verandas with glass. I do not need to tell you how to go to work to do this. Put the matter in the hands of a local carpenter, and instruct him to fill the space with sash, making a snug, tight job of it. He will know just what to do. Have large panes of glass instead of small ones. Let the glass come within two feet of the floor. Arrange for a swinging section of sash, for ventilation. Let this be near the top of the room. It is possible that the room could be heated from the living-room if a large portion MUSHROOMS UTILIZE THE SPACE IN YOUR CELLAR Now is a good time to start a mushroom bed. Get the spawn while you are preparing the compost. We grow seven select varieties of PURE CULTURE SPAWN Our literature tells you about them, and tells you how to grow mushrooms. It's yours on request PURE CULTURE SPAWN CO. WEST FOURTH STREET, CINCINNATI, OHIO Quality and Service ts eee ame rere ooo you bay trom MYERS 380-Page Catalog with close prices FREE. FE. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio FINELY POLISHED PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL ‘Most economical, healthful and satlefactory— for old or new floors—differ- ent patterns to match fur- FLOORS nishings—outwear carpets. Stocks carried in leading cities. Prices and Pattern Catalog FREE, THE INTERIOR HARDWOOD CO., Mfrs., Indianapolls, Ind. BUILD AT CosT Town oR COUNTRY W. H. A. HORSFALL, Arcnrrect | reer ti A Reg Pon, NY. SPECIAL OFFER to Carpenters BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES NES PATENT WINDOW VENTI- I LATING LOCK. A Safeguard forVentilating Rooms. Pure Health and Rest Assured. l To introduce this article, Four Ventilating Locks in Genuine i\Bronze, Brass or Antique Cop- === per Finish will be mailed to ‘any address prepaid for One Dollar. Will include a forty ='page Hardware Catalogue and my Working Model to carpenters who wish the agency to canvass jms for its sale. Address _ The H. B. Ives Co.cons., ‘US Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE @ STABLE WORKS# JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. PATENTED ‘. FAICO LN. CLEVELAND, OHIO » standing Seam ROOF IRONS CLINCH right chrough the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We makea similar one for slate roofs. SEND FOR CIRCULAR BERGER BROS. CO. PHILADELPHIA PATENTED AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS KV January, 1907 Dry Your Clothes with Waste Heat The Chicago Combined Dryer and Laundry Stove is guaranteed to dry clothes in a fraction of the time required by ordinary methods. gq The system of ventilation makes the clothes as pure as though dried in the open air, and it will bleach the clothes as perfectly as sunshine. The Chicago { Dryer an consists of a metal cabinet, absolutely fireproof, to which is attached a laun- dry stove. The cabinet is equipped with sliding racks on which the clothes are hung. The stove not only serves the purpose of furnishing heat for the dryer, but may also be used for boil- ing the clothes, heating flatirons, and heating water by the waterback sys- tem. he dryer is, therefore, prac- tically ‘eated by what is ordinarily waste neat. We build and equip dryers for resi- dences, apartment buildings, hotels, hospitals and similar institutions, in any number of compartments. Send for a copy of our No. H 10 catalogue, which will be mailed free upon request. It describes and illustrates dryers for all requirements. Chicago Dryer Company 344-346 Wabash Avenue Chicago, III. My Jit wy The Key to, } Artistic = (( on ae { | Home Building i / When you build your | ( new home select your | Y) hardware trimmings to j suit your own taste. \ SSN —— ae The above illustrates our five-rack dryer for private residences. It dries clothes in a fraction of the time required by ordinary methods. Heat is furnished by waste from laundry stove ———S—— Wa Get ‘‘Sargent’s Book of ) Designs.’” It will give { you assistance. Fifty- "Ay eight beautiful reproduc- y tions of Artistic Hardware, y" covering every phase of yj hardware decorations, ——— SS>S== ——— — yy Oscillating drums, running in substan- tial bearings. Geared eccentric clamps, for binding the sand- paper on drums, keep a uniform ten- sion and prevent tearing or swagging. The feed is driven by train of heavy expansion gearing. The feed roll frame and platen can be raised and lowered independently by au- tomatic mechanism thrown into gear by lever convenient to operator. —— THE CONQUEROR, No. 4 Realizing the advantage of an easily accessible drum in machine sanders, we applied ourselves to that end, and to-day we offer to the trade a triple drum sander that for excellence of work, ease of manipulation and general mechanical perfection cannot be equaled. Let us demonstrate to you the above fact; a postal will bring full particulars. J. A. FAY & EGAN CO. w.*ci's. CINCINNATI, OHIO The object of all house-painting is to combine these qual- ities: The paint that longest protects a building at the lowest average cost per annum affords the most efficient and econom- ical protection; that which yields the purest and most lasting tints is the most beautiful. OXIDE OF ZINC in paint increases its protective efficiency, decreases its cost and enhances the purity, brilliancy and durability of its tints. All good modern house paint is based on OXIDE OF ZINC. A Suggestive Pamphlet “Paint: Why, How and When,” FREE to property owners The New Jersey Zinc Co. 71 Broadway, New York We do not grind zinc in oil. A list of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application, SSS yi" }; | "\W a / | f My SARGENT’S ARTISTIC HARDWARE represents the master creation of leading artists in every school of archi- tecture, from severe Colo- nial to elaborate Renais- sance. th — Sargent’s Easy Spring Locks have least friction and give longest wear. But get our Book of | | Designs. It is of practi- I( cal importance to all | home builders. Free on | application. SARGENT & CO., ) 156 Leonard Street, (/ lI —SSS—= New York. / ‘neces Remington Typewriter Lasts. Therefore Remington Supremacy Lasts. Remington Typewriter Co. " / 327 Breadway, New York. Xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1907 of the wall between were cut away. If this can not be done use an oil-stove constructed on the principle of a Rochester lamp, with central draft. Such a stove will give a steady supply of heat, without smell. It will require no more attention than an ordinary lamp. In such a room, you can grow many kinds of plants that would not flourish in the living- ° room, because you can use water freely without Th \ \ ) h ble W all Coverin fear of injuring the curtains and the furniture, Cc as a 2 and you can regulate the temperature to a nicety. You have no idea of the amount of pleasure you would get from a little conserva- tory of this kind. ‘The expense of fitting it up would be small. There is only one thing preferable to such a room, for plants, and that is, a real green- house. A house 12 x 20, or 16 x 24, would not cost a large amount, and in either size you could grow hundreds of plants. And not only flowering plants, but vegetables for early use, and seedlings for transplanting to the garden when warm weather comes. With a little greenhouse, no hotbeds are needed. HIGH BRED TURKEYS FOR THE COUNTRY HOME By George Ethelbert Walsh OST of our domesticated birds and animals are of foreign descent, and their ancestors can be traced back to Old World patriarchs in existence before SANITAS is the 20th Century wall covering because it is the most enduring, the most cleanly, the most satisfactory America was discovered; but the turkey is a Ss > - ° . . hanging made. It is better than paper because it does not distinct American product and closely asso- : : ciated with one of our most important holi- tear or fade and because it can be kept fresh and bright. A days. The domestication of the wild turkey damp cloth cleans it. has preserved an important species to us, for in his native habitat this creature is rapidly ‘ Ne Us =) fb Ne « ‘ eae 9 q a ‘ 5 4 It is as beautiful as any material now sold for walls, and becoming @ ratity, and in ducicst eaceienl its range of patterns includes printed burlaps, plain tints, disappear from the woods and swamps of the tapestry and floral designs and many glazed tiles and tints. country as completely as the bison has van- F : a - 1 Bea ed ished from our western plains. ‘The wild There is no room of a house which cannot be beautifiec turkey of North America is the largest of the bv SANITAS. several breeds, and it is beautifully colored, with a rich mingling of black and bronze. In the early days of the country’s settlement, the wild turkey of North America was pretty generally distributed throughout the eastern, western and northern States as far north as wine Learner ole omip any one = . In many of the southern States the Mexi- Ot Bast 22d" St. New York can wild turkey is found roaming in con- siderable numbers, and it is distinguished from its northern companions by lighter col- ored plumage, shorter legs, and somewhat smaller body. The Honduras or Central American variety is another of the three orig- TWO BEST SSSA IN. THE WORLD inal varieties of wild turkeys found in the two “or Americas. It is the most gorgeous in appear- COA soos : ance of them all, its plumage being brightened 5os=s : by . with bands of bronze, blue, red, and black. In aR << eer” se the tropical forests of Central and South ‘METAL LATH & ROOFING C _ NILES TT America they are found to-day, and are con- sidered rich trophies of the hunt. ‘They have never been successfully cross-bred with our other standard breeds, nor have they been domesticated profitably. Few who breed turkeys on their estate or country range stop to consider their origin. Of the half dozen or more standard varieties of turkeys bred for the table and exhibitions, ‘the Bronze is probably the most popular. This variety is a cross between our wild northern turkey and the domesticated Black turkey. The Narragansett variety is the fav- orite with many other breeders, and it owes its rich plumage to crossing with the Mexican wild turkey and some of our domesticated kinds. The Bronze and Narragansett turkeys are raised more largely than any other varieties for market and home use. The former ranges in weight from 16 to 40 pounds for the adult Write for samples and room sketches. “THROUGH FRISCO’S FURNACE”? wri: Illustrations of seven modern steel-frame buildings at San Francisco that withstood the earthquakes and fire of Apnl 18, 1906, with reports on the rust-resisting qualities of Dixon’s Silica~-Graphite Paint on the steelwork. Write for a free copy of Book No. B 106. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, U.S. A. 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xvii BURLINGTON axisicins BLINDS Screens and Screen Doors Highest Quality Surest’ Sellers January, Any style of wood for any style of window. Backed by the endorsements of thousands of satisfied cus- tomers. Madeon honor. Sold on merit and guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. Proved by actual use to be the most practical and satis- factory blinds and screens on the market. Venetian Blind for inside window and outdoor veranda. Any wood; any finish to match trim. Sliding Blinds for inside use. Requirenopockets. [ij Any wood; any | finish. For your own best interests and your customers, send for Free Booklet-Catalogue, giv- ing prices and full particulars. BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 Lake St., BURLINGTON, VT. Whether your cottage, store, school or church is Old or new, farm or city, begin the year right by putting in AMERCAN IDEAL All rooms, floors, nooks and corners are uni- formly warmed to the solid comfort of little and big folks. Five months wir ter still ahead! Need not remove old heating methods until ready to start fire in the new. lts Manufacture lts Denaturization Its Industrial Use ALCOHOL The Cost of Manufacturing Denaturized Alcohol in Germany and German Methods of Denaturization ADVANTAGE: IDEAL Boilers are of low construc- tion, which admits them into the most shallow cel- lars. (Buildings without cellars can also be heated.) A strong feature of this low construction is the am- ple opportunity given to run the mains, or large supply pipes, at such decided pitch in the cellar as to thoroughly drain the Steam system ofthe water of condensation or to insure rapid circulation in a Hot Water system. This makes a better working job and removes any liability of “trapping” and its resultant uncouth, gurgling toises, commonly termed “pounding in the pipes.” The IDEAL way is gentle, steady, noiseless Write for valuable catalogue, setting forth full AD- VANTAGES. Sales Branches throughout America and Europe. AMERICAN RADIATOR (OMPANY Dept. 6. General Offices: Chicago. ois offs offs ous ofs che es os offs ofs BUILDING Construction and Superintendence By F. E. KIDDER, Ph.D., F.A.1A. are discussed by Consul-General Frank H. Mason in Scientific American Supplement 1550. The Use, Cost and Efficiency of Alcohol as a Fuel for Gas Engines are ably explained by H. Diederichs in Scientific American Supple- ment 1596. Many clear diagrams accompany the text. The article con- siders the fuel value and physical properties of alcohol, and gives details of the alcohol engine wherever they may be different from those of a gasoline or crude oil motor. The Production of Industrial Alcohol and Its Use in Explosive Motors are treated at length in Scientific American Supplement 1581, valuable statistics being given of the cost of manufacturing alcohol from farm products and using it in engines. French Methods of Denaturization constitute the subject of a good article published in Scientific American Supplement 1599. How Industrial Alcohol is Made and Used is told very fully and clearly in No. 3, Vol. 95, of the Scientific American. The Most Complete Treatise on the Modern Manufacture of Alcohol explaining thoroughly the chemical principles which underlie the process, without too many wearisome technical phrases, and describing and illustrating all the apparatus required in an alcohol plant is published in Scientific Amer- ican Supplements 1603, 1604 and 1605. The article is by L. Baudry de Saunier, the well-known French authority. and the cA ._MUNN In Supplements 1607, 1608 and 1609 we publish a digest of the rules regulations under which the United States Internal Revenue will permit manufacture and denaturization of tax-free alcohol. NY single number of the Scientific American or Supplement will be sent for 10 cents by mail. The entire set of papers above listed will be mailed on receipt of $1.10. Order from your newsdealer or from & CO., Publishers 361 Broadway, NEW YORK Consulting Architect and Author of ““Zhe Architect's and Builder's Pocket Book™ Part I. Masons’ W ork 430 Pages. 260 Illustrations Part II. Carpenters Work 550 Pages, 530 Illustrations FUST PUBLISHED Trussed Roofs and Roof Trusses 298 Pages. 306 Illustrations Part III. Each volume 7x9 44 inches, Substantial cloth binding Price for Parts I and II, $4.00 each Price for Part III, $3.00. Sold Separately | Munn & Co.,361 Broadway, New York AMERICAN HOMES AND XVIll GARDENS January, 1907 WHEN YOU BUILD, GET THE RIGHT ROOF GENUINE BANGOR SLATE ROOFS Outlive the Building Without Paint or Repairs Can You Ask More of a Roof? BETTER WRITE FOR OUR FREE BOOK OF FACTS It will help you DO YOUR OWN THINKING on this question. It’s a book for the man who pays the bills TIN people say about Tin Roofs TILE people say about Tile Roofs SHINGLE people say about Shingle Roofs PATENT people say about Patent Roofs (tar, asphalt, gravel, etc.) SLATE people say about Slate Roofs IT TELLS WHAT It is a concise but complete handbook on the Roof Problem—on which the life of your building depends. It tells all the facts about all the roofs. It’s yours for a postal—write for it NOW! Genuine Bangor Slate Company, Inc. FAIR BUILDING EASTON, PA. TO TELE You EASILY SAFELY CHEAPLY YOU CAN MAKE THE BRILLIANT cAcetylene Gas IN YOUR OWN HOME The Sunlight “Omega” Generates the Gas; you fill the hopper, it does the rest! A 25 candle-power light for one hour for 4 Think of it! > cent. ABSOLUTELY SAFE TWICE as bright as electricity or coal gas and CHEAPER than kerosene Thousands of enthusiastic users. Why not YOU? Send for free booklet NOW The Sunlight Gas «Machine Co., 51 Warren Street, New York The Sunlight ““ OMEGA” ers io tose ane Rae costing $2,000 to $15,000 rice, $2.00. 1906 Edition Designs costing $6,000 to $30,000. Price, $2.00. The most beautiful and useful book on this subject published The designs are illustrated by fine half-tone engravings made from watercolor drawings and photographs, showing the buildings as they will 4 actually appear when completed. Each design has also a first and second floor plan carefully worked out and figured, and in a number of in- stances the interiors are shown from photograph ‘4 plates; also accurate estimates of cost, general specifications and useful information on plan- ning and building. Colonial, Artistic, English Half Timber and other styles of Architecture. Special designs and detailed plans prepared. { Houses altered and remodeled. =) WILLIAM DEWSNADP, Architect 152 Nassau Street, New York City The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BOY By A. RUSSELL BOND 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. | A| STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from “GOUNTRY AND SUBURBAN HOUSES" I2mo. affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, Complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, such as scows, canoes, windmills, water wheels, etc. MUNN & CO. Publishers of “ SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” 361 Broadway, New York males, and the Narragansett is only a little smaller. The Black turkey has been of great breeding value because of the results obtained in crossing it with the wild turkey, and more recently by interbreeding with the Bronze. Its size is smaller than either of the other two popular varieties, but good breeding and selec- tion have steadily increased the bird’s weight until it stands high among the popular breeds. The White, or the White Holland, turkey has grown into popularity among the Rhode Island breeders, and many of them devote their time exclusively to raising them. ‘The White turkey was probably originally a sport or albino from other varieties, but through careful breeding and selection the type has been permanently established. “The Whites have been crossed with the Bronze, Blacks, and Narragansetts. There are Buff and Slate turkeys named among the standard varieties, but neither of these is very popular. ‘They are never seen at exhibitions, for they are not true to color. ‘They are found on many farms and ranges, but their colorings are always mixed. A true slate or buff is a novelty among them. ‘They are rather diminutive in size, and very wild in their tendencies. ‘The Bourbon Reds is a variety which has received some special atten- tion from breeders in recent years, and they have been bred until many of them are as large and heavy as the Bronze. ‘They have white wings and cinnamon-colored bodies. ‘Turkeys for the country estate and small home with a few acres surrounding it are popu- lar birds, for they combine the useful with the ornamental. ‘They are best adapted to places with plenty of woodland and meadow range, where they can roam undisturbed during their breeding and growing age. If given a fair range, the turkeys will not stray beyond it, but if confined in restricted quarters they will steal away whenever possible to fields beyond. A woodland range of half a dozen or more acres furnishes an ideal home for turkeys, and they thrive in such places so well that ordi- nary diseases and epidemics that attack con- fined birds rarely decimate their numbers. Turkey breeding on the country home should be sharply defined from the wholesale raising and fattening of turkeys on the west- ern ranch and “turkey foundry” where market utility alone is considered. ‘The mixed variety f “barn-yard” and “ranch turkey” found on these large western ranges is anything but attractive to the lover of fine birds, and the toughness of their meat when finally brought to our Thanksgiving table is little more ap- pealing to our esthetic tastes than their ap- pearance. The high-bred turkeys of the private estate or modern country home are products of skilled breeding and_ intelligent selection. They give pleasure as well as profit, and prove of value to the grass fields, the low woodlands, and the meadows. ‘They still possess the roaming tendencies of their ancestors to a degree, and they prefer nothing to searching for their dinner in the meadows and woods. They devour bugs and worms by the thou- sands, for to them the ordinary noxious insect is a dainty morsel for consumption. The Bronze turkeys are the greatest roamers of the whole tribe, with the Whites and Blacks the least inclined to stray away of any of the breeds. ‘The former should have at least twenty acres for a range, and the latter may be raised with fair success on ten acres. A small place of four or five acres offers few inducements to turkey-raising except for pleas- ure and exhibition purposes. Some of our best exhibition birds, however, have come from country places of a few acres in extent where the owners made up for the lack of room by greater attention to their individual needs. The spoon-bred and chestnut-fattened turkeys January, 1907 of our small Rhode Island farms are something more than a myth. “They are in reality dainty luxuries produced by the loving kindness of genuine bird lovers. Like all other birds and animals, the meat of the turkey is made by the food on which it lives, and if fed only coarse, putrid meat-scraps its flesh can not be other than tainted when brought to our table. The finest meat in the world often comes from the wild turkeys of the Southwest where they roam through the swamps and woods, feeding on toothsome chestnuts, butternuts, and acorns. Their meat has the delicious gamy flavor which we all prize so highly. While the attention of most of us is turned turkey-ward about Thanksgiving time, the breeder must always have the birds with him, and through winter and summer he provides and cares for them. ‘The laying time of the ‘Turkey hens begins late in March or the first of April, and at this season from 16 to 30 eggs will be laid for hatching. ‘This is the time of the year when the owner needs to go nest hunting. Unless he can offer special in- ducements to the turkeys, they will go roam- ing afar for a nesting place, and after securely hiding it from all human eyes they will hatch and rear their young in secrecy. And nothing is wilder than a flock of young turkeys raised in a stolen nest in some distant hedge or wood- land thicket! It takes the better part of a year, and the full quota of a man’s patience, to tame the creatures even approximately to that of the ordinary domesticated fowl. One may, indeed, organize a “wild turkey hunt” on his own estate if he leaves the birds reared in secrecy to their own ways and resources. For success with turkeys not more than five or six hens should be allowed to each tom, and these should be separated from all other flocks or colonies during the mating season. ‘Two-year-old hens mated with one or two- year-old toms make the best unions, and the young are more apt to be strong and vigorous from such parents than from older birds. Everything depends upon the start the young turkeys get at their birth, and ancestral traits and propensities are directly transmitted from one generation to another. With the proper selection of good breeds, and the mating of individuals of the highest grade, the future of the young turkeys is assured if fair care and protection are accorded them. Close in- breeding is to be avoided, for this will destroy the flock quicker and more surely than any- thing. This can be avoided by securing new toms from distant points—a thousand miles away if there is any danger of inbreeding. ‘To keep up the grade of the flocks, it is essential that the choicest young hens be selected each year and kept for future breeding. ‘The prac- tice of selling the best each season is destruc- tive to all successful breeding, and yet many make this thoughtless mistake and wonder why the strain runs out and the birds steadily degenerate. When the mating season approaches the young hens selected for breeding should be separated from the rest of the flocks and by persistent feeding and attention they can be induced to nest near their feeding quarters. An old barrel turned on its side and filled with good clean hay and straw; a large dry- goods box with one end opened, or a nesting box built in a clump of bushes near the feeding place, will answer for nesting material. Coax- ing and careful attention will induce the hens to lay their eggs in one of the places chosen for them, and as half the battle is won by keeping the hens at home at this critical time it is well worth while to make every effort to win the confidence of the prospective mothers. When the young turkey poults appear feed them with stale bread soaked in sweet milk. After soaking press the bread in the hands until the milk is squeezed from it, and then AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS OPERA OF THE DAY ERE’S the most interesting and informative lished on article ever pub- Richard Strauss’ famous opera ‘Salome”—which is to be pre- sented at the Metropolitan Opera House this winter. This sensational opera is founded on Oscar Wilde’s bib- lical tragedy of the same name. It is to be produced with the most elaborate orchestral effects yet known. The illustrations to the text are superbly rich—one in colors. tion of this story in the The publica- | BROADWAY MAGAZINE FOR JANUARY is just another instance of the timeliness and absorbing human inter- est which are making The Broadway indispensable to men and women of big metropolitan centres. Some of the other features of the January issue are: 7e New York Hall of Records —a story of lavish expenditure and beauty; with photos. “ads and Frills of Educa- tion—what the new educational system in New York really is. The Differing Stars—the last story from the Illustrated by C. Allan Gilbert. Beautiful Illustrations. Intimate sketches and photos of men and women who are doing things. father and mother in the country. pen of the late John Oliver Hobbes. Sparkling Stories. Theatres. It will interest every Light Just what’s worth while in the The Broadway Magazine is New York in a mirror—a true, up-to-the-minute reflex of the big, vital happenings that are making history in the Greatest City on Earth. 15c. a copy; $1.50 a year. Sample copy free on request. BROADWAY MAGAZINE 3, 5 & 7 West 22d Street, New York City JUS® PUB ETS HE Dp THIRD EDITION OF KIDDER’S Churches om Chapels By F. E. KIDDER, Architect This edition has been thoroughly revised by the author, and enlarged, many new designs being added, including several new designs for Catholic churches. There are 120 illustrations in the text and more than 50 full-page plates. The book con- tains a large number of plans and per- spectives of churches of varying costs. Besides this there is much concise and practical information relating to planning and seating; details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation, Acoustics, etce., making it in its present form = The Best American Book on Church Design and Construction One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00 Munn & Co,, 361 Broadway, New Work City pea woman should prepare herself for the emergencies of life and nursing is woman’s most natural and ennobling calling. Our system of training (by mail) is recognized by physicians and hospitals throughout the country as being thoroughly practical. We guarantee our graduates employment at good wages. We are the Pioneer Nurses’ Correspondence Training School of America. All others have followed after us, but none have ever approached our efficiency. Our faculty is of the highest standard. Write to any of our hundreds of graduates (we will send you names and addresses for the asking), and you will find them not only willing to answer your inquiries, but eager and enthusiastic in their en- dorsement of our methods in every particular. Write us to-day, and we will send you handsome illustrated booklet giving you valuable suggestions and information, Address American Training School for Nurses 1108 CRILLY BUILDING, CHICAGO, ILL, xix AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS “LANE’S BALL- BEARING” 1s the 7 MP. Best th i a l i, y House-~ sz Door Hanger Made Sold by Hardware Trade ct os Other Styles for Less Money Send for Catalog Lane Brothers Company, 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. METROPOLITAN. | | METROPOLITAN “The Magazine of Cheerfulness”’ Its Agressive Policy for 1907 A Great Historical Series ‘The Mexican War. Chapters of Dramatic Human Interest relating to a neglected period; political disclosures of great national signihcance to America and Americans, —presenting in reflex some of the most important ‘‘doings”’ at Washington to-day. Health and Surgery Articles by Physicians and Surgeons of world-wide repute on present-day ailments, including a treatise on Appendicitis by one of the most celebrated medical men in America. The Future of Transportation The Best Fiction The Best in Art The Note of Cheerfulness in and through All The January Issue of the AHE&G METROPOLITAN Cae METROPOLI= will be full of good stories, and apt illustrations. The aS TAN MAGAZINE for one year, begin- W orld-at-Large Department will deal with current events of national and world-wide importance. The Drama will be treated of in picture and story. Address soo case setet te ceccecncsshee eee eee THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE CD. 3 West 29th St., New York City mS | January, 1907 hold small portions of the food close to the bills of the young ones. A careful breeder will coax the poults to eat out of the hands by peeping gently to them in imitation of the mother’s call. In a short time the poults will eat the bread eagerly and further feeding is made simple. Sour bread or tainted milk must be carefully avoided. “There are many prepared foods on the market for turkey poults, but one may secure just as good results by using bread and sweet milk. As soon as the poults have learned to eat a little out of the hand spread the food on a dry board near where the turkey hen can teach them to pick it up. In two or three days dry bread crumbs instead of moistened bread should be fed them, and a day or two later add small broken oats and cracked corn. The latter must be very fine or else strangulation may result. As they grow older the poults should have a more liberal variety of grain, and the cracked pieces may be larger. Meanwhile, the hen must not be neglected. She must be fed liberally with mixed grains and other foods she is accustomed to. For the first few days this should be given to her so that the young poults can not reach it and run the risk of choking. “The mother hen should not be confined, but should be given the privilege of roaming around every day to pick up worms and bugs. When a week old the poults can be turned loose a short time each day with the mother for exercise, but care must be exercised to see that they are not tired out. They must be separated from the mother, or the latter cooped up, for a part of the time until the poults are at least a month old. Us- ually when five or six weeks old the poults are strong enough to roam continually with the mother. ‘The range at first should be limited, but as the turkeys grow in size and strength larger fields for roaming should be opened to them. ‘There should be no mistake about the clean- liness and sanitary conditions of the nesting place, yard, and shelter for the turkeys. Next to inbreeding, turkey lice destroy more young poults than any other thing, and filth, foul odors, and dampness follow close upon the heels of both as agents for increasing the mortality of turkeys. Poultry lice can be pre- vented by keeping all roosting, nesting and other places scrupulously clean. Whitewash the inside of the shelters as often as they need it, and clean house every day or two. If any building becomes infected shut it off from the turkeys, and sprinkle it thoroughly with di- luted carbolic, and then whitewash a few days later. Do not let the turkeys return until every evidence of vermin has been removed. Filth and foul odors can be prevented by simply keeping the houses clean. As one sweeps and scrubs his own living-quarters, so should the houses designed for the choice turkeys be cleaned. A good many successful turkey breeders do not provide much shelter for their turkeys. Their contention is that the birds are much better when forced to live and roost out of doors; but this should be accepted with a good deal of reservation. While turkeys may be wintered successfully in the southern States without much shelter, they can hardly do so well in the North without good winter quart- ers where they are protected from cold and stormy weather. What they may gain in hardiness of constitution, they will lose in fat and plumpness. In other words, to secure choice-meated turkeys they must be provided with quarters in winter that will make life pleasant and accommodating to them. The danger of such houses is that the owner is apt to neglect their sanitary arrangements, and thus permit filth and disease to creep in. Dampness in particular must be avoided, for this is fatal to the young poults. By building January, 1907 Cement Reinforced Concrete Concrete Building Blocks SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1543 contains an article on Concrete, by Brysson Cunningham. The article clearly describes the proper composition and mixture of concrete and gives the results of elaborate tests. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1538 gives the proportion of gravel and sand to be used in concrete. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1867, 1568, 1560, 1570, and 1571 contain an elaborate discussion by Lieut. Henry J. Jones of the various systems of reinforcing con- crete, concrete construction, and their appli- cations. These articles constitute a splendid text book on the subject of reinforced con- crete. Nothing better has been published. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 997 contains an article by Spencer Newberry in which practical notes on the proper prepa- ration of concrete are given. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1568 and 1569 present a helpful account of the making of concrete blocks by Spencer Newberry. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1534 gives a critical review of the engineer- ing value of reinforced concrete. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1547 and 1548 give a resumé in which the various systems of reinforced concrete con- struction are discussed and illustrated. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1564 and 1565 contain an article by Lewis A. Hicks, in which the merits and defects of reinforced concrete are analyzed. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1551 contains the principles of reinforced concrete with some practical illustrations by Walter Loring Webb. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1573 contains an article by Louis H. Gibson on the principles of success in concrete block manufacture, illustrated. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1574 discusses steel for reinforced concrete. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1575, 1576, and 1577 contain a paper by Philip L. Wormley, Jr., on cement mortar and concrete, their preparation and use for farm purposes. The paper exhaustively dis- cusses the making of mortar and concrete, depositing of concrete, facing concrete, wood forms, concrete sidewalks, details of con- struction of reinforced concrete posts, ete. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1372 contains an article by A. D. Elbers on tests and constitution of Portland cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1396 discusses the testing of cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. SUPPLEMENT 1325 contains an article by Professor Will- jam K. Hatt giving an historical sketch of slag cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 955 and 1042 give good accounts of cement testing and composition, by the well-known authority, Spencer B, Newberry. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1510 and 1511 present a_ discussion by Clifford Richardson on the constitution of Portland cement from a_ physico-chemical standpoint. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1519 contains an essay by R. C. Carpenter on experiments with materials which retard the activity of Portland cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1465 and 1466 publishes an exhaustive illus- trated account of the Edison Portland ce- ment works, describing the machinery used, SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1491 gives some fallacies of tests ordinarily applied to Portland cement. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1561 presents an excellent review by Brysson Cunningham of mortars and cements. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1533 contains a resumé of the cement in- dustry and gives some valuable formule. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1575 discusses the manufacture of hydraulic cement. L. L. Stone is the author. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENTS 1587 and 1588 contain an able paper by Edwin C. Eckel on cement material and industry of the United States. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1586 contains a review of concrete mixing machinery by William L. Larkin. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1583 gives valuable suggestions on the selec- tion of Portland cement for concrete blocks. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1581 splendidly discusses concrete aggre- gates. A helpful paper. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT 1595 presents a thorough discussion of sand for mortar and concrete, by Sanford E. Thomson. Each number of the Supplement costs 10 cents. A set of papers containing all the articles above mentioned will be mailed for $3.50 Order from your Newsdealer or from MUNN & COMPANY, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY HE oe O és 66 99 e : Nthotwe TheGlobe’ Ventilator and sold on merit In Galvanized Iron, Brass and Copper Also with Glass Tops for Skylight Concrete AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xxi in Winter From New York to Porto Rico direct, then completely around the island—stopping for a day : or two atinteresting places is We the itinerary of the most de- ; lightful cruise conceivable. : The most gorgeously appointed y steamers— giving hotel accommoda- hit tions for the entire trip. Around | Porto Rico in one of these steamers gives you a three weeks’ pleasure trip in a summer climate where the rare elements of pure sea air and tropical breezes blend to a delightfully invigorating atmosphere. Special tourist rate, $140 which in- cludes every expense. All outside state- rooms. Steamers sail weekly. Send for illustrated booklets. \ The New York and ) Porto Rico Steamship Co., 12 Broaoway, N. Y., of Raymond & Whitcemb Co.—All Principal Cities, Write for illustrated booklet W free. JOSEPH DIXON ORUOIBLE 00., Jersey City, N. J. F, WEBER © CO. Engineers’ and Draughtsmen’s Supplies eS Sole Agents for Riefler’s Instruments, Ott’s Pantographs, Drawing and Blue-print Papers, Drawing-boards, Tables, Squares, Triangles, etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Transits, and Levels of Best Makes. Send for Catalogue, Vol. 263. 1125 Chestnut St., PHILADELPHIA, PA. Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore Make Your Own Concrete Building Blocks Best. Fastest. Simplest. Cheapest. Simpte, Symmetrical, Storm-proof, Effective. For perfectly ventilating buildings of every character. Send for model and pamphlet. Smoky Chimneys Cured. “GLOBE VENTILATED RIDGING” Manufactured by Globe Ventilator Company — :: MACHINE No crackage or breakage No off-bearing No expensive iron pallets No cogs, gears, springs or levers Move the Machine, Not the Blocks THE PETTYJOHN CO. 617 N. 6th St. Terre Haute, Ind, Patented and Trade-Mark Reg: U.S. Pat. Off, Troy, N. Y. BRISTOL’S \, Recording Ihermometer Located within house, records on a weekly chart outside temperature Also, Bristol’s Recording Pressure Gauges, Volt, Ampere and Watt Meters. Over 100 different vari- eties, and guaranteed. Send for Catalog B. THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn. CHICAGO, 758 MONADNOCK BLDG. NEW YORK, 114 LIBERTY ST. make the house look right from the outside and feel right from the inside. ‘They beautify the building, and protect the dwelling from fire, storm and lightning. That’s the} reason the architects should specify them, Cortright Metal Roofing Co. PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO RL R.FREIGHT DEPOT xxi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS January, 1907 Sun-DiaLs with Pepestats, CoMPLETE CO KOLUS PATENT \ \ . ) y By utilizing our Koll’s Patent Lock Joint in the con- struction of the wooden pedestals furnished by us, we are enabled to offer this most attractive feature of the formal garden at a price that places them within the reach of all. A special booklet showing a number of designs of pedestals, pergolas, etc., with prices, will be sent free upon request. Ask for Circular ‘‘A-26.”’ HARTMANN BROS. MFG. CO. MOUNT VERNON, N.Y., U.S. A. New York Office: 1123 Broadway Western Factory: Henry Sanders Co., Chicago, Ill. MANUFACTURERS OF KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS For Pergolas, Porches, or Interior Use J CBFS) CAF®) CAVA CAFO CAFO CAFOC BOC COD OCAION Ye = CAS) CS Complete -Omtit 5 hang sand ; Foot Power ; \cMachinery CEETO) Our No. 3 Wood Turning, Lathe Ce ; can be speeded from 1,000 to 2,000 fs revolutions a minute with perfect ease. Stopped or reversed at will of operator. W. in & John Barnes Co. WRITE FOR PARTICULARS 567 RUBY ST. ROCKFORD, ILL. f SY O(LEKO) WCEFOCEFOCEFO CFO CTO LOCO CHOCO CEO Do You Want a House Like This ? Comfortable, Well Planned, and Well Built as can be had for the money? Such Houses I make in my Books of Designs, or make epectally to your order and sat tisfacti jon. Book of Bungalows, 1906—A unique and artistic book, containing designs for one and one and a half story Bungalows in vae flous styles, $1,000 up. Printed in Sepia tones. Price, by mail, $2.00. ew Picturesque Cottages—cContaining Original and Beautiful Designs for Suburban Homes fron $2,800 to $6,000. Price, by mail, $1.00. Picturesque Summer Cottages, Vol. III, New and Re- vised 1906 edition, Old Favorites and New Designs io Stone, Shingle and Rustic Summer Cott Price, by mail, $1.0! For Complete, Clear Drawings and Definite Speci-= fications, original and artistic interior and exterior effects, Buy My Plans. E. E. HOLMAN, Architect, Roar 14, 1020 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Pavnene Pages Pee PeaneePaveven® Plant for Immediate Effect # NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS Bid Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years to = ig grow such trees and shrubs as we offer. * ) We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give an % immediate effect. Send for descriptive and price lists. Andorra Nurseries, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER, PROPRIETOR arpa Pee PapeeeReeEnek PRE Peeee the roosting quarters or winter shelter on a little knoll so the water will drain away from it, damp houses will prove of little trouble, but an application of lime to the earth inside of the house occasionally increases their secur- ity. Roosting in trees in summer may be per- missible, but even so it is more satisfactory to induce the poults at an early age to roost in shelters provided for them. ‘This will keep them home, and when winter comes they will run no risk of freezing on their perches some cold night. Give them appropriate shelters and roosts, but do not drive them indoors against their inclination. Choice turkeys fed on choice food make choice meat. Spoon-fed turkeys command ex- traordinary prices. Chestnuts, butternuts, acorns, and other fragrant nuts flavor the meat of the turkeys just as surely as the acorns of the Southwest make the most delicious ba- con sent to market. Celery, lettuce, and lus- cious grass are appreciated by turkeys, and when fed such food they fatten on it and pro- duce tender, sweet meat. Add to this sufh- cient grain, sweet milk, and a varied diet of fat worms and bugs which they pick up in their ordinary wanderings, and you have tur- keys fit for the king’s table when Thanksgiv- ing or Christmas comes around. But as the temptation of Thanksgiving regularly draws one to the turkey-yard, it is well to hold in check the desire to sacrifice the choicest hens of the flock for the table. Pass them over and take the second best. Other- wise the deterioration of the flock causes re- grets that only years can obliterate. Keep the choicest for next spring’s mating, and each successive year the quality of the turkeys will improve until the grade becomes standard, not only in looks and appearance but in prac- tical utility. It is the one repression of desires that makes this national feast a true reminder of the qualities of our stern, self-contained Puritan forefathers. THE Home or Sotomon R. DRESSER, Bradford, Pa. Congressman Dresser may well feel a nat- ural pride in his beautiful house which is ex- pressed in this illustrated record. It is a handsome souvenir of a handsome home, one built at some cost, furnished in a handsome manner, and supplied with every modern con- venience and luxury. ‘The house was designed by Mr. Louis Kamper of Detroit, and is somewhat modeled after the Michigan build- ing at the Pan-American Exposition. The souvenir volume is issued in handsome dress, and is a memorial that must be heartily wel- comed by Mr. Dresser’s many friends. PicToRIAL PRACTICAL RosE GRowINnc. By Walter P. Wright. New York: Cassell & Company, Ltd., 1905. 16mo., pp. 152. Price, 75 cents. While there are doubtless very many valu- able books on roses, the author’s contribution to the literature of the subject, while one of the latest, is, nevertheless, one of the best of its kind, as far as concise and practical treat- ment of the text is concerned. The various chapters describe the propagation, pruning and general culture of roses, both out of doors and under glass, and the work is well illustrated with nearly a hundred engravings, which will be found very valuable in supplementing the directions given. January, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xxiii WILLIAMS VENTILATING FASTENERS >, Artistic Mantels Make your window absolutely safe : , } while atording enple vengiencn ae om PH we gq OUR CATALOGUES con- not mar sash, and prevent rattling. mechs 5 a a i. i . i ‘ Anyone can attach. Impossible to : 4 yi ety i tain 130 designs, including open window when adjusted for ven- ‘ j lie d i poet com @ . @ ‘ tilation. Cannot be pried off bom a - | o Mission, Colonial, White, outside. Ventilates from top or bot- til 1 9 a tom, or both. Saves price of ordinary ’ e ; . ‘ Mahogany & Oak. Every- fasteners, if you’re building, and is nec- putes : z essary eyouta rest in Peace Son thing, from the very cheapest me 50c. for sample, prepaid, an 2 you'll order more William's Ven- , to the best. tilating Window Sash Fasteners oo be bes pela tue from your Hardware Dealer. CHARLES HOVE WILLIAMS) a = ee ee oa ray re @ Fireplace Hardware and 1062 Fidelity Building, Te aves NE Al Tiling of every description. BORE AVON y ie ‘ie Catalogue free. The Geo. W. Clark Co. 91 Dearborn Street 306 Main Street Chicago, Ill. Jacksonville, Fla. Se) | ee = aE Rattory, Kuozvilles Tenn. Me FUST PUBLISHED AMERICAN RENAISSANCE TA Review of Domestic Architecture By Joy Wheeler Dow, Architect P ILLUSTRATED 4y NINETY-SIX HALF-TONE PLATES 720) 3 4 FOR THE HOME (ie. " & FOR THE CHURCH FOR THE STORE IN ALL CLASSIC AND CMODERN STYLES \ \\ AW Nit pre beauty of the Berger designs and the perfect-fitting Berger joints make these the ceilings par excellence for rooms in which appearance is an important consideration. Compare the price with the cost of plaster! EASTOVER (Miniature). THE GARDEN FRONT From *‘American Renaissance” WRITE FOR CATALOGUE Misreneca Domedie Meeiectsre ce Boston !HE BERGER MFG. CO., CANTON, 0. sr'vsuis Colonial days, illustrated in the most elab- Saree SP oe se orate manner and worthy a place in every MAKERS OF SHEET-STEEL AND IRON, ARCHITECTURAL SHEET-METAL WORK, STEEL WINDOW- architectural library, and should be read by -~ FRAMES AND SASH, FIREPROOFING, METAL OFFICE FURNITURE, CONCRETE REINFORCING, @C, every one who desires to familiarize him- self with Colonial architecture and its effect on the architecture of to-day. The best opening apparatus on the market, and the only device that will A QO V eC operate, if desired, a line of sash 500 feet long CONTENTS.—Chapter I., Ethics; IT., Art Manufactured and Erected by and Commercialism; III., The Ancient Regime—Andrew Jackson; IV., Humble The G. Drouvé Co. Bu tch er’s Bridgeport, Conn. Beginnings of a National School; V., The Grand Epoch; VI., Early Nineteenth Cen- Boston Polish B Is the best finish made for FLOORS, tury Work; VII., The Transitional Period; VIII., Reign of Terror—Its Neg- ative Value; IX., Fashion in Architec- ture; X., Adaptation; XI., Concerning Style; XII., Conclusion. HANDSOMELY BOUND IN CLOTH, GILT TOP Price, $4.00 net MUNN & CO., PusiisHers, NEW YORK Interior Woodwork and ; aN Furniture. Also Manufacturers and Erectors of Ma fj Not brittle; will neither scratch nor aaa deface like shellac or varnish, Is 66 9 not soft and sticky like beeswax. Perfectly transparent, / hh BN N | I P I [ VV I | S yagclione the natural color and beauty of the wood, é _ ithout doubt the most economical and satisfactory Po.isu known for HaRpDWwoop FLOORS. For Sale by Dealers in Paints, Hardware S K \ | IGH | and House-Furnishings, Send for our FREE BOOKLET telling of the snany Bridge arrangement for walking on advantages of BUTCHER’S BOSTON POLISH. Absolutely and permanently impervious against rain, — the skylight without coming in contact THE BUTCHER POLISH CO., 856 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass, snow, sleet or dust, without putty or cement with or danger of breaking the glass 7) "3 ) ° Our No. 3 Reviver i:chon and piazza flora, XXIV AMERICAN HOMES. AND GARDENS January, 1907 “PAYMENT CONDITIONAL UPON SUCCESS” Smoky Fireplaces Cooking Odors Remedied Prevented WENTY YEARS’ EXPERIENCE in dealing with the above HE WHITLEY SYSTEM OF KITCHEN VENTILATION will trouble. Thoroughly trained workmen employed. In most prevent the kitchen odors from permeating the premises. cases work can be done without defacing decorated walls and Designed and installed to meet individual requirements. Suit- with little inconvenience to the household. able for fine residences, hotels, clubs, institutions, etc. Examinations and estimates without charge within 500 miles of New York Contracts entered into with the understanding that the charges are for results The following are a few of the many thousands who have availed themselves of my services Grover Cleveland, Princeton, N. J. Union League Club, New York Morris K. Jesup McKim, Mead & White W. A. Slater, Washington, D. C. Hon. Whitelaw Reid Henry Clews 2 Carrere & Hastings Mrs. John Hay, Washington, D.C. Hon. Joseph H. Choate Joseph Pulitzer © | Hunt & Hunt Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. J. Pierpont Morgan R. Fulton Cutting SI C. P. H. Gilbert Brown University, Providence, R. I. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. U.S. Government for :— ) Ernest Flagg Senator Aldrich, Providence, R. I. Col. John J. Astor White House, Washington, D.C. o Woodruff Leeming Clement B. Newbold, Jenkintown, Pa. George J. Gould U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. < | Howells & Stokes University Club, New York Schickel & Ditmars JOHN WHITLEY, Engineer and Contractor 215 Fulton Street 2 Brooklyn, New York THIS 1S THE AGE OF THE MAF TAL SHINGLE Inflammable wood shingles, heavy slate, brittle tile and unsightly paper or tar have seen their day LATEST ¢c& BEST DESIGNS The New Century Metal Shingles Quality thelHighest Ge stloneeubnces are fireproof, are light, are unbreakable, are artistic, are handsomely embossed, lock perfectly and are patented. And then figure on this—that they are cheaper than wood, SEND FOR, CATALOGUE cheaper than anything when you figure all the savings involved, cost of insurance, etc. ' Don’t fail to get booklet, No. 25, we send you free, chuck full of the roofing HORNET ‘MANTEL CO. Amy : question, comparative cost, estimates, designs, etc. 1112 to 1120 «Market St. 2 ST. LOUIS Painted Tin, Galvanized (GHATTANOOGA ROOFING & FOUNDRY Co. CHATTANOOGA, TENN. N Tin, Copper, etc. ew York Office, 440 Greenwich Street @ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. @ The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration 1s The Architectural Record Q If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a sample copy—free THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY 14-16 Vesey Street, New York $3.00 a Year MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers # 3 e 3 > @ a "4 La’ 4 " 4 ‘ 5 a * 4 Price 25 Cents THE OLDEST AND MOST SUCCESSFUL MAKERS OF PIANO-PLAYING DEVICES ANNOUNCE THE WY (| TRE E § és ti y M E. O D A N a = FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL L. Ney ad A NEW AND EXCLUSIVE FEATURE OF THE Ev e rgr een S, AN GELU Shrubs, Roses, Hardy Plants In every composition there runs a vein of melody commonly called All the Best and Hardiest Varieties. mies L : : © Largest and Most Varied Collections the “air,” frequently lying wholly in the treble, sometimes inter- ‘6 woven with the accompaniment or wholly covered by ornamentation. in America. The function of the MELODANT is to automatically pick out and accent the melody notes, even when such note or notes appear in the midst of a full chord, giving to each its proper: value as previously determined in an authentic interpretation. This most desirable and long-sought-foy effect is cbtained in the MELODANT ANGELUS by the performer‘ simply>gising the pedals, in the ordinary manner. Thus with an ANGHLUS equipped with the * MELODANT the performer his AL bis. command two mettinds of accentuation. = pe a eS be a A hah ef » 4 q ELLWANGER & BARRY Nurserymen—Horticulturists MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES Established 1840 ROCHESTER NEW YORK Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue (144 pages), also Descriptive List of Novelties and Special- ties with beautiful colored plate of the New Hardy White Kose SNOW QUEEN (Frau Karl Druschki), mailed FREE on request. He can accent either, automaticaily by nreans of the MELODANT, or by his own manipulation of the Melody Buttons, which have been and which still are one of the most valuable features of the ANGELUS. NO OTHER PIANO-PLAYER CAN OFFER SO MUCH The addition of the MELODANT does not impair the efficiency [ALCOHOL nor detract from the value of the simple yet complete expression devices also found upon the ANGELUS. These will still be the means for individual interpretation which to many persons constitutes the chief and unrivaled charm of our instrument. The ANGELUS is absolutely the only piano-player with whose aid the best artistic results can be obtained. The ANGELUS in cabinet form, the EMERSON-ANGELUS PIANO, the KNABE-ANGELUS PIANO—all are equipped with the MELODANT. The introduction of the MELODANT is another step forward in the steady progress of the ANGELUS, which has been continuously developed from the pioneer piano-player—brought out in 1895—to the truly wonderful instrument of to-day. For sale in all the principal cities. Descriptive literature upon request THE WILCOX & WHITE CO. Established 1876 MERIDEN, CONN. q ——a ne ie we EN Dry Your Clothes with Waste Heat The Chicago Combined Dryer and Laundry Stove is guaranteed to dry clothes in a fraction of the time required by ordinary methods. q The system of ventilation makes the clothes as pure as though dried in the open air, and it will bleach the clothes as perfectly as sunshine. The_ Chicago { Dryer consists of a metal cabinet, absolutely fireproof, to which is attached a laun- dry stove. The cabinet is equipped with sliding racks on which the clothes are hung. The stove not only serves the purpose of furnishing heat for the dryer, but may also be used for boil- ing the clothes, heating flatirons, and heating water by the waterback sys- tem. The dryer is, therefore, prac- tically :eated by what is ordinarily waste eat, We build and equip dryers for resi- ITS MANUFACTURE ITS DENATURIZATION ITS INDUSTRIAL USE The Cost of Manufacturing Denatur- ized Alcohol in Germany and Ger- man Methods of Denaturization are discussed by Consul-General Frank H. Mason in Scientific American Supplement 1550. The Use, Cost and Efficiency of Alcohol asa Fuel for Gas Engines are ably explained by H. Diedrichs in Scientific American Supplement 1596. Many clear dia- grams accompany the text. The article con- siders the fuel value and physical properties of alcohol, and gives details of the alcohol engine wherever they may be different from those of gasoline or crude oil motor. The Production of Industrial Alcohol and Its Use in Explosive Motors are treated at length in Scientific American Supplement 1581, valuable statistics being given of the cost of manufacturing alcohol from farm products and using it in engines. French Methods of Denaturization constitute the subject of a good article pub- lished in Scientific American Supplement 1599. How Industrial Alcohol is Made and Used is told very fully and clearly in No. 3, Vol. 95, of the Scientific American. The Most Complete Treatise on the Modern Manufacture of Alcohol explaining thoroughly the chemical principles which underlie the process, without too many wearisome technical phrases, and describing and illustrating all the apparatus required in an alcohol plant, is published in Scientific American Supplements 1603, 1604 and 1605. The article is by L. Baudry de Saunier, the well-known French authority. In Supplements 1607, 1608 and 1609 we publish a digest of the rules and regulations under which the United States Internal Rev- enue will permit the manufacture and dena- turization of tax-free alcohol. dences, apartment buildings, hotels, “.— hospitals and similar institutions, : in any number of compartments. Send fora copy of our No. H ro catalogue, which will be mailed free upon request. It describes and illustrates dryers for all requirements. Chicago Dryer Company 344-346 Wabash Avenue Chicago, IJ. ANY SINGLE NUMBER of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN or SUPPLEMENT will be sent for 10 cents by mail. The entire set of papers above listed will be mailed on receipt of $1.10. Order from your newsdealer or from Munn & Co., Publishers, 8361 Broadway, New York The above illustrates our five-rack drver for private residences. It dries clothes in a fraction of the time reguircd by ordinary methods. Heat is furnished by waste from Iaundry stove February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ii itt | CL i a AT CNN ail Casa ie Shy Every woman in the home comes under the influence of snowy white “Standard’ Porcelain Enameled Ware Its absolute sanitation makes it impervious to the accumulation or absorption of dirt and is a constant guarantee of domestic health. The pnde of > possession and satisfaction of daily usage alone cy repay the cost of installation, and its indestructi- WH bility makes it the most economical bathroom equipment you can install. Our Book, “MODERN BATHROOMS,” tells you how to plan, buy and arrange your bathroom, and illustrates many beautiful and inexpensive as well as luxurious rooms, showing tne cost of each fixture in detail, together with many hints on decoration, tiling, etc. It is the most complete and beautiful booklet ever issued on the subject, and contains 100 pages. FREE for six cents postage and the name of your plumber and architect (if selected). The ABOVE FIXTURES, No. P-25, can be purchased from any plumber at a cost approximating $1o1.00—not counting freight, labor or piping—are described in detail among the others. CAUTION: Every piece of “Standard” Ware bears our “Standard” GREEN and GOLD’’ guarantee oF label, and has our trade-mark “Standard” cast on the outside. Unless the label and trade-mark are on the . fixture it ts not “Standard” Ware. Refuse substitutes—they are all infertor and will cost you more in i the end. The word “Standard” is stamped on all our nickeled brass fittings ; specify them and see that a you get the genuine trimmings with your bath and lavatory, etc. Address 2 : Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co., Dept. 23, Pittsburgh, U.S. A. oe Pittsburg Showroom, 949 Penn Avenue , Offices and Showrooms in New York: 'Standard” Building, 35-37 West 31st Street London, England, 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. New Orleans, Cor. Baronne and St. Joseph Streets Louisville, 325-329 West Main Street Cleveland, 208-210 Huron Street A an scaler l es a A AMERICAN HOMES AND GAR DENS February, 1907 Pes the Broadway Magazine exactly. It is charged with timeliness. It tingles with personality. Not heavy, mind you. But bright, interesting and informative. The Broadway Magazine does nothing less than uncover the Greatest City on Earth—New York—every thirty days. It is the truest, timeliest, most vivid reflex of the surging, complex life of America’s metropolis that has ever been pre- sented between the two covers of a magazine. ROADWAY MAGAZINE For February —— Fifteen Cents contains such features as: The Farce of Police Court Justice in New Vorh—a clear, accurate exposition of a disgraceful situation which is making New York the laughing-stock of the country; illustrated. Zhe Winter Pleasures of Soczety—a woman on the “inside” writes entertainingly of how the men and women of the “400” take their pleasure on the run; illustrations by The Kinneys. Amateur Night—a keen, true story of close-to-the-bone human nature as she is lived once a week in the burlesque theatres of New York; illustrations by Jay Hambidge. Mew Vork and A Commission—it costs New Yorkers over $31 a head to be governed, the people of Nashville only 86. Why? Because—but you'll agree that this intensely interesting article proves its case pretty well. Zen short storves—bright and interesting. Handsome zllustrations. What is and isn’t worth while seeing in the ¢heatres. Intimate sketches and photographs of men and women in the public eye. BROADWAY MAGAZINE 15¢. a Copy 3,5and7West 24st. $1.50 a Year New York A Y Y @ Y Y Y Y W) OD VOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO® e0000d BOOKS Relating to Architecture, Decoration, Furniture, Rugs, Ceramics, Ete., will be recommended and supplied by our well-equipped Book Department. MUNN & COMPANY NEW YORK Publishers of Scientific American 361 Broadway S © © S S CSCCeCeCeeeeece Embellishments f CONCRETE BUILDINGS Intertor and Exterior The problem of making artistic concrete buildings, both private and public, is most satisfactorily solved by the use of HARTFORD FAIENCE The Hartford Faience Company will be pleased to correspond with everyone contemplating the erection of concrete residences and other buildings as to the uses of their Faience work, and will furnish suggestions and sketches upon request. Kindly address Department M. FOR CONCRETE BUILDINGS Medallions Friezes Mantels Mouldings Caps and Tiles The Hartford Faience Co. HARTFORD, CONN. RAL GUIDE N&FLO . FREE HARDY BABY RAMBLER ROSE—Ready to bloom, indoors or out, by mail prepaid, 10 cts. Only one to a customerat this price, with Catalog. James Vick’s Sons, 44‘ Main St. E., Rochester, N. Y. Colonial Houses FOR MODERN HOMES A collection of designs of Houses with Colonial (Georgian) details but arranged with modern com- forts and with the completeness of the twentieth century. Written azd Illustrated dy E. §S. CHILD, Architect They show large, correctly drawn perspectives, full floor plans, and complete descriptions, with estimates of cost. The designs are new, original, unique, consistent, but not stiff nor constrained. Made, not by an artist, but by an architect. They combine beauty of exterior with complete and convenient interiors, with Kitchens, Laundries, Pantries and Closets carefully and skilfully con- sidered. If you are at all interested in the subject, you will enjoy this publication. PRICE, Postpaid, TWO DOLLARS MUNN & COMPANY 361 Broadway : : New York City February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iil HALL CLOCKS That are beautiful in design, finest in con- struction, richest in tone of chimes and superior time- keepers are some of the reasons that have made our business grow so rapidly. Waltham Clocks have a standard of value, whether it is a Hall Clock, “Banjo,” Marble Clock, or Regulator. Nothing Better at, Any Price If your local jeweler does not sell our line send direct for our new illustrated catalogue Galtham Clock Company WALTHAM, MASS. Fy hccks. No should have Holly- hocks. Not those with small, dull-hued, imperfect blossoms, but the improved kind, with large, perfect, exceedingly double, bright-colored flow- ers (each one a _ veritable rosette) —crimson, maroon, rose, salmon, yel- low, snow-white, etc. Though not generally known, there has beena great improvement made in this stately - flower during the past 25 years, as there has in the Canna, Dahha, Chrys- anthemum, or Carnation. Lovett’s Superb Hollyhocks will doubtless prove a revelation to thousands. The flowers are not only very large, wonderfully perfect in makeup and pure in color, but they are produced in far greater numbers and for a much longer season than the Hollyhocks of ‘‘Grandmother’s Garden” —interesting and atttractive as they were. In my catalog of Hardy Peren- nial Plants the above are illustrated and described, with prices of plants, together with more than one thousand varieties of other beautiful, hardy flowers. Nothing for the cost gives such an air of refinement and adds so much cheer to the country home grounds, rendering them attractive and interest- ing from early spring until late autumn, as "Hardy Perennials; yielding, as they do, a wealth of flowers of an almost endless variety of form and color—not only during the year planted, but for many years—from a single planting. My catalog of Hardy Perennial Plants is aprofusely illustrated and beauti- fully printed book of seventy pages; its descriptions are accurate, and it is replete with information of value to all who are interested in flowers. Mailed free for the asking. J.T. LOVETT, Little Silver, N. J. Hercules Concrete Block Machine 1907 Catalog Free ON’T think of buying a machine till you have seen our beautiful new catalog describing in detail the superiority of the 1907 Model Hercules over all other machines. q This catalog, which is the most elaborate book of its kind ever printed, is handsomely illustrated with high-grade half-tones of Factories, Apartment Houses, Churches, Dwelling Houses which were built of stone made by the great Hercules. @ The 1907 Model Hercules is built stronger than ever before and has several advanced improvements fully described in the new catalog. Write for the catalog to-day. Be sure and ask for Catalog C. Century~ Cement Machine Co. 180 West Main Street ROCHESTER, N.Y. Do You Want Absolute Fire Protection i Do you want a window that will positively stand every test? Are you willing to spend two cents and five minutes to find out the ho positive truth about Mullins Fireproof Windows They actually do what no other window can do. Shall we send you our catalogue and quote you prices ? W. H. Mullins Co., 202 Franklin ae ee O. Also manufacturers of Skylights, Ornamental Metal Work, Statuary, and Stamped Sheet Metal Work of all kinds. fe AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS YOU take an interest in your home; YOU want to know how that home can be improved at little cost, how it can be made a better, happier, brighter, more artistic place to live in; YOU have a garden and you love flow- ers, and you wish to make that garden more attractive ; YOU have failed as a gardener and you want to know why; ina word, if your bome and its surroundings mean anything at all to you, AMERICAN HOMES AND’ GARDERD bare] MERIEAN HOMES AND GARDENS, a racteriatie| ts to be seen In che ome of Gen. Stephon Abbott “ca Amer a ome the ier brin nv a f furniture of pti, "1906 po istood in the place when, m« ore thUn oc Bs federal Sart, Slem.*Mame. ‘The, vesersbe:Ginekerper le so iningulahed 1s ae ha lea {Chek Used by Conner Ft ilsbore, New Hazpabie DON’T YOU READ eer 905 eandqare pendant} ay 20, Oxacral | Washingtoa'y color repeat, deli cata ian co pilasters citing at Che front corner of thq How ‘The : i —— to Make Rose Daa cond Apply | Its Culture Stencils JBy (cn Tote! (Prisstonn: ——— SYA Fee Old Clarita Mi, Exberidgrt ro, Mew AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, American Homes 9) and Gardens « Every number contains articles that give you just the kind of informa- tion you need to better your sur- roundings; gives you hints that you can follow because they are suited to your purse. No magazine is more handsomely printed, more beau- tifully illustrated, more clcarly worded. AMERICAN “HOMES” AND GARDENS ‘As Origieal Treatment of Tulip. Tenung trem Old Rome” fe Red Brown, lor Halls es thas Surround i Crow ta of Hoey Sowa 1907 roar A Sensi a Covens, Browns und Red, for 6) _Dusing Room of Livy Roce _/ for they are an essential AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS [:) (Para igo8" AMERICANZH 0 MESMANDECARDENS o En GMERICAN HOMES AND GARIN a AMERICAN HOn-> AND GARDENS PoP os ~ 2 mee id. The; (he{Model™ Howse 6 The-Garden RICAN HOMES AND GARDENS AME. 1907 Number 2 IV February, The Formal Garden of “ Laurento,” with Its Central Fountain and Encircling Flower Beds 4 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 Monthly Comment EW statistics are so interesting to the house- holder and the landowner as those relating to the increased valuations of real estate. Day after day the comforting assurance is given to landowners, that during the pre- ceding night the value of their holdings has increased by so much per cent. It is a wonderful story, and perhaps nowhere so wonderful as in the large cities, where values increase so prodigiously that dwell- ings have been known to change hands several times during the process of construction, each time at a handsome advance over the preceding figure. Neither prices nor buyers seem to have limits; the golden stream of money flows on, apparently without end, reaching out into most unexpected regions, and distributing wealth in the most generous manner possible. THE movement which is reflected in real estate values is typical of our time. It is an expression of unrest. The desire to sell and to turn one’s real estate into money amounts to a positive mania. Why retain land which one has held without profit for a term of years, when a hundred per cent., or more, can be gained through its sale? Neighborhoods are changed in a few weeks, “improvements” of one sort or another are projected and carried out without regard to their effect upon others. If one’s neighbors have sold, why refuse the golden bribe? There is seemingly no answer but to sell and start life afresh elsewhere. THE architect, the builder, and the real estate men are helped, and often arnazingly, by these operations. Few pur- chases of real estate are now made save with a desire to “‘im- prove.’ ‘his means new work for the builder, fresh oppor- tunities for the architect, additional gains for the real estate man in further percentages he may exact in later transactions. That many of these operations are so conducted that persons previously unable to own homes may now do so—by assum- ing fresh obligations of indebtedness—is true. In many senses this is a gain, if the debts can be properly cared for in the end. But the new purchaser is quite likely to be bitten by the selling microbe, and be ready to dispose of his new home, at an advance, to any one who will pay his price. WHERE, then, is the American home? It is rapidly losing all permanency and is becoming a mere temporary expediency, a place existed in for years, when removal necessitates be- ginning all over again. We, as a people, are losing, if we have not already lost, all the charm that comes from home association in relation to locality. The men of coming gen- erations, 1f present tendencies continue, will not be able to point to their childhood’s home, for that interesting period, as likely as not, will have been passed in several places, not one of which had any relationship to anything save the par- ental desire to realize on real estate values. It is a singular and surprising condition that we, who live at the beginning of the movement, can not understand nor foresee the final de- velopment. Bur increased prices for real estate are not the single agency in these changes. The time can not be far away when the word “improvement,” as applied to real estate, will be viewed with as much alarm as it now is with complacency. The march of trade has already swept so far up Fifth Avenue, in New York, that the rich folk of the metropolis have been ther north than a few years past seemed sc hpetetes > | 3 A as ot | Eat tae Ae crowded much tfurtncr likely ever to occur. And what has happened in the most fashionable street in America has happened in a thousand streets elsewhere in New York and other cities, in places good and bad, in the seats of fashion, and in the outskirts that border on the rural regions. The slums, everywhere, have perhaps held their own more rigidly, with the persistency of evil; but even they have been invaded by the model tenement house, by factories of a new sort, and by other changes, al] betterments, all welcome innovations, all desir- able features. Bur the great home belts are likely to be affected other- wise. The good streets—streets of good houses—grow bet- ter, and their more modest inhabitants are compelled to seek less expensive abodes; the poor streets grow poorer, and those who would like to live in a better way can find no better place. There is a loss in citizenship here, a loss in civic worth that may perhaps be offset by advances elsewhere, although the individual loss can scarce be bettered. Thus the home changes; it moves from place to place; the house as a home ceases to have meaning or value, and becomes a mere thing of furniture and personalities. The latter, indeed, count everywhere, and under all circumstances; but surely it is something new in civilization when the house ceases to be the home, and only the tables and chairs, beds, tables, and candle- sticks have homely suggestiveness, and remind one of one’s own abiding place. ALL these matters are most clearly defined in the cities, where the population is the most crowded, where the various movements may be most readily traced, and where the records of real estate values are most conveniently recorded. But if the speculator in city real estate imagines that this present movement is limited to the area that he himself is personally acquainted with, he makes a grievous error. It is a move- ment so widespread as to be essentially national; it includes, not the cities alone, but the rural regions also. And to be certain of this the national Department of Agriculture has conducted an investigation into the value of rural real es- tate values, and announces to the world at large, and to the farmers in particular, that the real estate value of farms, medium in quality and equipment of buildings and improve- ments, has increased in value in the five years—since the census of 1900—no less that 33.5 per cent. The ratios of increase are, of course, not identical throughout the country. The highest percentage exists in the South Central group, and amounts to 40.3 per cent.; then comes the Western group with an increase of 40.2 per cent.; the South Atlantic, with 36 per cent.; and the North Central States, with 35.3 per cent. The smallest increase is in the North Atlantic States, where it reaches but 13.5 per cent. AVERAGE figures are apt to be unsatisfactory, for the indi- vidual seldom realizes in himself, the progress, or excellencies, statisticians tell him are his. Yet, making every possible al- lowance for the personal equation, the fact undoubtedly re- mains that farm values everywhere—taking the country as a whole—have largely increased in the last few years. If any one has a doubt on this subject let him try to buy a farm, or any farm land, at old-fashioned prices, prices that ruled before the day of real estate publications, that were the fash- ion before the land-boomer came into vogue, prices that were dificult to obtain when no one wanted land, and customers were few and scarce. February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 4 Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree ‘‘Laurento,”’ the Estate of Craig Biddle, Esq., Wayne, Pennsylvania s T1E mansion of ‘‘Laurento’”’ looms mayjesti- cally on its hilltop, rising high and stately above the surrounding trees and shrubbery, quite dominating the landscape for many miles around. And a most agreeable land- mark it is, designed in a quiet Italian style by Messrs. Peabody & Sterns, architects, of Boston. It is a large house with spacious fronts, whose length is emphasized by the strong string-course between the first and second stories, and by the low, sloping broad roof with which it is surmounted. It is built of light-brown brick, with terra cotta trimming of a nearly white tone. The situation is superb, standing on the summit of a hill that rises sharply above the road by which it is usually ap- proached, but with an ample plateau on the inner side, toward which the entrance front is faced. On the roadside the base of the hill is enclosed within a low stone wall, that presently will be thickly covered with vines. At one point, within a recess, is a water trough for horses; farther on is the entrance, high sandstone piers capped with standing lions and support- ing a wrought-iron arch carrying a central lantern: a stately, handsome entrance, as effective as it is simple. The road within approaches the house by broad curves, for the elevation is considerable, and a somewhat lengthy detour has been necessary to accomplish an easy ascent. On the left the hillside is thickly overgrown with wild shrubbery ; on the right are open fields, with the farmhouse and barn— a massive, rough cast structure—quite down in the hollow. The roadbed is fine, with young trees growing on the outer edge, and at frequent intervals are rustic posts carrying wrought-iron lanterns, square in form, and as ornamental by day as they are useful by night. Farther on, but at some dis- tance below, the road overlooks the vegetable garden. ‘Then the shrubbery on the left gives way to open land, and the house, which hitherto has been completely hidden, comes into view. A broad field contains a flock of sheep and the plant- The Main Hall Is Flanked with Aisles, in One of Which Is the Fireplace with a Mantel of Carved Stone tien i ft Aste SHEED UE Sin Spee The Porte Cochere Is Built of Terra C Wing " nN Nites The Library Is Finished in Mahogany with Walls of Red Brocade “T aurento,” the Terrace The Reception-room, with Paneled Walls of French Gray, Is Louis XVI. in Style ‘ Sgr and Is Directly Before the Main Entrance ACD PACER snes TSUSUERS, The Main Corridor Looking Toward the Bilhiard-room nt and Its Arch of Triumph The Porte Cochere Is Built of Terra Gotta and Is Directly Before the Main Entrance The Library Is Finished in Mah th aes : a 2 Be eel ict ed Brobide “TLaurento,” the Terrace Front and Its Arch of Triumph The Main Corridor Looking Toward the Billiard-room 48 ing becomes more formal; great clumps of shrubbery are massed in beautifully kept lawns. The house has no great trees near it, those in its immediate vicinity being young. The kitchen entrance is hidden behind a fine planting of ever- greens. A stately porte cochere, built’ wholly of terra cotta, is erected before the main doorway. It has four great piers, with round arches on the side, and two columns to support the entablature on the front, whence a ravishing view can be had of the magnificent lawn that stretches away from the house, and of the hilltops in the far distance. In design this house is thoroughly distinguished. The plan may be roughly described as cruciform; that is to say, a great central body to which are applied wings, right and left. FOE TE Re i TS AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 of pilasters, support the simply molded archway. The rea- son for the thickening of the wall is now apparent, for it gives greater depth to the arch, and transforms what might have been a purely ornamental feature into a monumental one. In the spandrils are two carved disks, which, with the monu- mental stairway at the base of the arch, complete the struc- tural features of this fine centerpiece. Within, the archway has a double treatment of door and window, the doorway being in the exact center, below a broad horizontal cornice, while the window rises in majestic proportions above it, wholly filling the enclosed space. The steps at the base of the arch descend upon a spacious terrace, which is built out upon the hillside, with a broader flight of central steps to the slope below. On each side of the NOTTS Ty The Dining-room Is Paneled in Dark Oak, Above Which Is a Frieze of Old Tapestry Mobility is given to the center by slight projections: at the ends on the entrance front, in the center on the terrace front. The detailing is extraordinarily fine, very well conceived, and applied with admirable judiciousness. The large windows are sufficiently spaced, those of the first story having more elaborate frames than those of the second. ‘The cornice at the top is high and flat, with pierced openings over the win- dows, and then the projecting eaves to the low roof, whose simple outline is broken only by the chimneys and the three dormers on the entrance front. There is more pronounced enrichment and more variety in the terrace front. On that side the center is projected far forward beyond the wings. In the center is a triumphal arch, rising high to the crowning cornice which its keystone just touches. Roman Ionic columns, with an accompanying pair center of the house are loggias which connect with the wings, each with its own steps, descending at right angles to the central flight to the great lower terrace. ‘The loggias are built of terra cotta, with piers and columns, and, furnished with rugs, tables, and chairs, are most delightful lounging- places. ‘The outlooks over the countryside from any of these parts are of rare beauty; immediately below is the deep valley and the road, which the house seems almost to overhang; be- yond are fields of rich grass, trees and woods, hills and val- leys, a lovely country outlook, perhaps nowhere so enjoyable, or so beautiful, as from the doorway beneath Mr. Biddle’s arch of triumph. The entrance door leads to a small vestibule, wholly pan- eled in wood painted white. Its glazed doors admit to a February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 49 The Main Hall Looking Toward the Vestibule. It Is a Splendid White Apartment, Two Stories High 50 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS space of similar dimensions and treated in an identical man- ner. This is without inner doors, but open on to the broad corridor that runs across the house from right and left. Cur- tains of red damask on three sides convert the center of the corridor into a sort of antechamber beyond which is the great central hall. Quite from the outer door the spacious splendor of this apartment has been visible, for the whole of the center of the house is brilliantly illuminated by the flood of light admitted by the vast window under the arch of the terrace front. The hall is of regal proportions, rising to the full height of the second story. Ionic columns, on either side, divide it into three bays. It is thus basilical in plan, with aisles on each outer edge, while the central space is supported by the col- umns and pilastered piers in the corners. Above the entabla- ture are arches enclosing balustrades, and which surround a corridor carried around three sides of the hall at the upper story. Oriental rugs are laid on the marble floor. At the great window arch are curtains of green damask lined with white silk; at the entrance is a green curtain, and at the four doors on the sides, which lead to the other apartments, are February, 1907 the door and window curtains. The woodwork is mahogany, the mantel, with a facing of green marble, being of the same wood and very richly carved. The hardwood floor has a large Oriental rug, and the furniture is covered with red velvet. [he white ceiling and cornice are elaborately molded and detailed. ‘The bookcases which surround most of the lower part of the walls are of mahogany, carved and molded; they are enclosed within leaded glass doors of beautiful design. The room is lighted by side brackets. Im- mediately adjoining is Mr. Biddle’s den, a small room in green, with green walls and green curtains over lace curtains at the single window. The billiard-room is at the end of the corridor, and com- pletely fills this farthest end of the house. It is treated throughout in warm brown. The floor is formed of large dull-red bricks, on which are many small Oriental rugs. It is paneled in wood to the frieze, which is of carved leather depicting hunting scenes. ‘The ceiling has wooden beams, cor- responding with the rest of the woodwork, the panels being filled with leather, of the same beautiful warm-brown hue which characterizes the whole room. ‘The curtains, both for The Entrance Front Is a Dignified Composition in the Italian Style tapestry curtains of blue and yellow tones. On the left, within the aisle, is a handsomely carved fireplace and mantel of white stone; on the opposite wall, in the aisle, is a superb piece of tapestry. In the center is a green marble table with white marble feet: it supports a richly carved vase. In the corners by the entrance are marble statues. The rooms on either side may be reached from the central hall, but it will perhaps be more convenient to visit them from the main corridor. Like the hall and vestibules this is floored with white marble, spread with rich Oriental rugs. On the right it leads to the billiard-room, situated at the extreme end of the house; and on the left it connects with the servants’ quarters. It is so broad, and high, and spacious—as are all the apartments on this floor—that it has a true monumental char- acter. Its chief decoration is a series of busts of Roman emper- ors, of which six are in the right hall, while two stand in the farther corners of the left extension. These sculptures are nobly placed, and add immensely to the monumental effect of the corridor. The first room on the right is the library; it is also directly entered from the great hall. The walls are covered with red striped damask, the same rich material being used also for the doors and the windows, are of brown leather with green and gold bands. ‘The spacious mantel is of wood and is a part of the wainscot. The facings are of red brick similar to the floor; immediately above, in the center, is a large deer’s head. The windows have white lace curtains within the leather curtains. At either end is a low platform with a built- in seat. The furniture is covered with light-brown leather. The great height of the ceiling adds immensely to the effect of this beautiful room. The reception-room is opposite the library and faces the entrance front of the house. It is designed and furnished in the Louis XVI style and is a delightfully cool and charm- ing apartment. The paneled walls are in French gray. There is a built-in mirror over the fireplace, which has facings of mottled-red marble. The curtains are of pink damask over white. The chairs are of French gray covered with tapestry, and the other furniture includes many fine old pieces of great beauty. On the left hand side of the entrance doorway are two rooms, both entered from the main corridor. ‘That on the front of the house is the breakfast-room, treated wholly in yellow, with warm-yellow walls, and curtains of the same bril- February, 1907 liant color. The dining-room is op- posite, and is one of the most sump- tuous apartments in the house. The walls are paneled in dark oak to the broad tapestry frieze, a fine old piece of unusual beauty. The ceil- ing is cream color with decorated beams forming small square pan- els. The woodwork of the doors is en- riched with carv- ing, and there are elaborately carved tympanums in the arched doorways on the side. The fireplace is en- cased within a huge slab of mottled-green marble, to which a shelf of the same rich material is applied. ‘he sideboard, on the opposite side of the room, is built in, and is designed in harmony with the decorative woodwork of the doors and mantel. The hardwood floor is covered with a green rug, and the curtains are of green velvet with gold braid bands. The oak furniture is very elaborately carved. The room is lighted by gilt sidelights applied to the panels of the walls. The Massing of Foliage Plants and Trees Is Admirable AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 51 One end of the house, the nearest end as it is proached by the en- trance driveway, is wholly given up to the service. The planting here, as has been _ stated, consists of ever- greens, arranged in picturesque masses. At the farther end is a small formal garden, the chief ornament of which is a marble foun- tain, placed exactly in the center, and formed of a charm- ing group of chil- dren playing in a small marble basin. Concentric beds of circular segments are planted around the fountain, until the corners are filled out in squares. The planting is chiefly annuals, arranged in brilliant masses of color. The whole is enclosed within a hedge. At the farther extremity beyond the fountain the land dips suddenly, but the ravine is partly screened by the garden hedge. Beyond are hills, with trees and woods, a beautiful outlook over the many beautiful spots within and without the estate grounds. ap- Public Cleanliness 4UBLIC cleanliness is the most practical form of civic embellishment. It may not be too much to say that it is the most important form; for public health is always to be counted as of greater value than public en- joyment, and it is surely better and wiser to live in a thoroughly clean city, one in which public sanitation has been brought to a high degree of devel- opment, than in one that may be outwardly beautiful but in- wardly unsound and unhealthy. Health and beauty do not seem always to have gone to- gether, although there is nothing opposed to joint develop- ment in either. Most moderns suppose, and with every rea- son, that the medieval cities were places of strange and won- derful beauty. The little old houses which have survived from the Middle Ages in various places on the Continent of Europe are very convincing and very fascinating testimony to this effect. But it is also very clear that they are now atrocious houses to live in, and the results of investigations into the sanitary conditions of the Middle Ages show that this has always been their state. In other words, the beautiful and fascinating cities of the past were enormously unhealthy and quite unsafe to live in. Modern investigation has opened up an entirely new sub- ject in the science of sanitation. So rapid have been the ad- vances of sanitary science that one almost wonders how life was supported while its tenets were unknown. But sanita- tion occasions no discomforts when properly applied to the conditions of modern life, and in this sense it becomes one of the most important handmaidens of civic betterment. This, however, is a matter for the specialist. The average citizen is not a specialist in sanitation. His personal influence is limited to doing what he can, or in refraining from settling in a place that is not properly equipped with sanitary appli- ances. ‘The latter move is often highly effective; for it is the highest ambition of every community to attract residents to it. The town that has good sanitation will invariably attract more people, and be itself more prosperous, than the town in which these conditions are bad. But there is work for the private citizen to do under this head, and work he should not avoid. He can at least keep his house and surroundings clean and do his share toward main- taining his street in a clean condition. This duty is just as imperative when the municipality undertakes this work as when it does not. The most effective system of waste col- lection will fall down at times, and even if daily collections be made the daily accumulations will often be unsightly before the collecting wagon comes around again. No dirt or waste of any sort should be permitted to remain in the streets after it has been seen. It may not be your business nor mine to remove it, but if it happens to be close to our homes it is simply public duty that should not be evaded. A good deal of volunteer work needs to be done in this direction, and the doing of it entails no disgrace and works no hardship. We can not safely spare any effort to be apparently clean. 52 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS HE house of Norman Ellison, Esq., at Me- rion, Pa., forms an excellent subject for illus- tration. The design is simple with Colonial effects, and the form, while square in its outlines, has many good features, with its entrance porch with seats on either side, its white-painted wooden shutters at the first story, and its combination piazza and pergola; all of these are admirable features, and form the means by which the square outlines of the building are lost in its treatment. The outside walls are built of rock-faced local stone laid in white mortar with wide joints. ‘he trimmings are all painted white. ‘The roof is covered with shingles, and is left to weather finish a natural silver-gray color. The plan is a splendid example of what is termed the mod- ern ‘‘up-to-date” house, as a study of the arrangement will reveal. It shows the elimination of the “parlor” by provid- ing as a substitute a large living room, a room fitted up, as is shown in the photographic illustration, with comfortable chairs, attractive tables with lamps, and a large open fireplace, the whole present- ing a place where comfort predomi- inates, and which all may enjoy. This photograph, being taken in summer, shows the furniture covered with chintz, which gives a bright, cheerful tone to the room, and yet is cooling in its effect, doing away with the hot, stu ft y upholstery which seems so good and comfort- able in winter, and yet so warm and uncomfortable in summer. This room is trimmed with white The Combination Piazza and Pergola Are Agreeable Parts of the Outdoor Life of the House February, 1907 The House of Norman Ellison, Esq. at Merion, Pennsylvania By Paul ‘Thurston pine, treated with ivory-white paint. The large open fireplace is built of klinker brick laid with wide mortar joints, and is furnished with a large Colonial mantel. At one side of the fireplace a French window opens on to the porch, which is isolated from the entrance, and in winter is enclosed with glass, forming a sun-room, which is now quite an important feature attached to the modern homes of to-day, with their increased up-to-date requirements. Another feature of this plan, which shows a departure from the conventional, is the doing away with the hall and its usual staircase. ‘The space of a hall, as in this case, is saved, and the stairs, while isolated in a way, are conveniently placed. They are separated from the living-room by a broad archway, and are very attractive in their design, with white-painted bal- usters and a mahogany rail. ‘This form of arrangement gives the full breadth of the house to the living uses of the owner of the house. Off this stair hall is the den, for the man of the house, which is trimmed with chestnut and finished in Flemish brown. Indian wall paper and mission furniture complete this room. ‘The conservatory opens from the den, and has a cement floor connected with a drain. To the left of the entrance is the dining-room, which is furnished with white-painted trim, yellow wall decora- tions; a plate rack extends around the room, above which the wall is finished with a heavy mold- ings, here maisesa fine old china cabi- net in the corner of the room, and, with the other furniture of mahogany, makes a most at- tractive and de- lightful room. The large but- February, 1907 ler’s pantry, laundry, and kitchen are trimmed with yellow pine treated with hard oil and varnish, and each is fitted with all the best modern and sanitary improvements. The second story is treated with white-painted trim, and delicate and artistic wall decorations. ‘This floor contains three bedrooms and two bathrooms; the latter are well placed for convenience to each room, and are furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed _nickel- plated plumbing. The owner’s room extends the entire depth of the house, with exposures on three sides. ‘There are two bedrooms and a bathroom on the third floor, be- sides ample storage space. A cemented cellar contains the heating apparatus, fuel rooms and cold storage. Well designed and planned houses of this character are not common, and Messrs. Mcllvain and Roberts, Phila- delphia, Pa., the architects of this particular house, have demonstrated the possibilities of a good house confined in a small compass. One of the most difficult problems which an architect has to contend with, in the building of the modern house of the character of this one, is to secure the necessary co-operation of his client in adopting the best principles of simple form wohvereanananinn hee be IsSte Sats Sas a Tieeall iS. eck 18 X20 J1RST/LOOR. Complete and Compact Are the Plans in Their Arrangement of Rooms. Rock Faced Local Stone Laid in White Mortar with Raked Joints, Is the Material of Which the Exterior Walls Are Built AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 53 idea and do away with the “parlor,” which seems to be the essential and foremost thought of the average housewife, is certainly a triumph. Parlors in small houses usually occupy the best and most important part. ‘This is certainly a false conception of the modern housewife, for in them is usually placed the most uninviting and stiff-looking furniture and formal furnishings, and there is thus created an air that forbids comfort. The best modern houses, of small di- mensions, as in this particular case, are provided with a stairway of secon- dary consideration and a great, large living-room in place of the conventional parlor. The architects have been most suc- cessful in planning for Mr. Ellison a most interesting in- terior arrangement, and an exterior de- sign of no small mo- ment. ‘The pergola plazza is an excel- lent feature, form- ing an outdoor liv- ing-room, which is distinct and separate from the entrance porch that pierces the house. On the interior all the rooms are made to live in, and each is furnished for the pur- pose for which it is intended. Each apartment is fitted up with all the best ;nodern conveniences. ‘The construction of the house is simple, though of the very best materials, and Secown Look A Study of the Combination of the Stairways Is Worthy of Notice and architecture in the building of his house. ‘To secure his permission to do away with the hall and the staircase, which usually forces its presence on everyone immediately upon entering the average house, is an excellent move, but to get him to modernize and simplify his ideas to the modern the interior appointments are simple, though of the very best of their respective kinds. Taking the house as a com- pleted whole, as meeting modern needs, it certainly is one of the best examples to be found in its vicinity. It well merits all the study that can be given to it. 54 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 White-painted Trim, Yellow Wall Decorations, and the Old Mahogany Furniture Characterize the Dining-room spcvnsntent pment A Departure from the Conventional Is the Doing Away with the Hall, and Making the Staircase a Secondary Consideration February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS $5 The Porch Is Enclosed with Glass in Winter, Forming a Sun-room. The Open Pergola Is an Excellent Feature This Photograph Was Made in Summer and Shows a Very Harmonious Treatment with Chintz Coverings for the Furniture, a Klinker Brick Fireplace and a Large Colonial Mantel 56 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Mrs. Slater’s House February, 1907 on the Hunt Estate In the Heart of the Blue Hill District, Near Boston, Massachusetts By George Brayton HE beautiful country home of the late artist William Morris Hunt, situated in the heart of the Blue Hill District, just outside Bos- ton’s suburbs, is still in possession of the family, three of the children having separ- ate homes within its spacious grounds. Of these, the most noteworthy is that of Mrs. Mabel Hunt Slater, a daughter of the artist, and widow of the late Horatio N. Slater. Four years ago last July, the first tree was felled, in order to lay the foundation of the house, the beautiful grove ‘Pine Bank” having been selected for a site, and during the past year Mrs. Slater has converted the new residence into what already seems like a delightful old English homestead, mel- lowed and enriched by the passage of time. Setting fairly astride the crest of the ridge, it is sur- rounded by hundreds of oak, pine, and other trees, and is approached by an avenue which winds picturesquely up the hill, making a broad sweep to the spacious porte-cochere, from which a commanding view of the distant horizon is obtained, overlooking several peaceful villages and the Neponset River, winding its sunglinted course far below. The estate consists of nearly one hundred acres, and the utmost care is taken that its natural advantages shall not be lessened by undue artificial treatment. A musical brook runs through the grounds, adding the welcome element of water; this stream may eventually be converted into a miniature Dutch canal, affording the children of the neighborhood op- portunities for boating and skating. The front of the house stands upon a terrace, and is chiefly of cypress timbers and stucco; its color is agreeably height- ened by a red-tiled roof, on which the sun gleams in the midst of the shadows of the pine trees. The basement is of red brick, treated with unusual deco- Oak, Pine and Other Trees Surround the House, Which Is of the English Style with Half Timber Work February, 1907 rative effect, and on either side are retaining walls, with a terrace one hundred feet long, on which large, quaint Italian The Ball-room Has Paneled Walls. Period Is Artistically Placed About the Room, While Handsome Cabinets Containing Rare and Costly Vases Are Placed Along the Walls vases add quite perceptibly to the general picturesqueness. The Color Scheme Is White and Gold. Furniture of the Louis XV. dor of it all comes to view. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 57 with cedar logs, and beautiful with the prismatic tints of drift- wood. Over the fireplace is a mantel of gray stone, on which are placed fitting ornaments. The walls are hung with heavy Flemish tapestry, and with articles of old-time war- fare. The dark and rich effect of the hall is deepened by the use of bog-oak for its fur- nishings, and for the spacious and handsome _ staircase, which is an ornamental fea- ture of the great room. As one enters the hall, the eye is delighted with the bright and gorgeous hues of the large circular conservatory in the rear. Here are a generous number of bay trees, palms, azaleas, and other plants in bloom. Nothing would be more striking in contrast than this glory of color as a_ back- ground for the somber effect of the hall, and yet, as the visitor looks upward to the next landing, the full splen- A grand organ crowns the hall, The vestibule is finished in arched work of stucco, with built in part over the conservatory underneath, and giving a a flooring of Grueby tiles; it is rich in the quaint Dutch furniture of the early part of the eighteenth century. The door of the main hall is opened by a unique and artistic device, an antique-looking figure in green bronze, which bears on its ex- tended arms a large key. It is the work of H. H. Kitson, the Boston sculptor, who presented it to the hostess of the mansion in token of her cordial hospitality. Entering the main hall, a scene of enchantment meets the eye. The hall itself is English in effect, but the knights in armor, one upon a steed also in armor, makes one’s thoughts revert to Warl- burg Castle, in Eisenach. The furniture is mas- sive, and the great tiled fireplace of old wrought iron adds to the general effect of a baronial hall. Here a cheerful fire burns constantly, fragrant JER RACE SITOKING ey! i i OR TE COCHERE. a ie i 1 it JVEf7 JL oor. i | Ler oon a fine architectural effect, which is greatly heightened by the presence of Mr. Hunt’s “Flight of Night,” that superb picture which remains from the tragic wreck of his mural paintings placed upon the walls of the State Capitol at Albany, N. Y., only a few months before his death, in 1879. This was probably the most complete of all his studies, made for the great final work, and has been cherished tenderly by his family, and now finds its home in this fitting and harmonious setting. “The crowning glory of this hall, indeed of the whole house, is this wonderful picture, never seen to such advantage as now; placed in the organ, it has a deep signifi- cance which only a poetic nature can wholly fathom. It might be the theme for a great epic poem. On the right of the organ is a seat for the player, the banks of keys, and the pedals. A unique bal- cony of wrought iron extends around the conserva- tory and leads to a small piano, which fills the space on the opposite side of the organ. The Breakfast-room, Dutch in Character, Has a Carved Wainscoting to Set Off the Antique Furniture Its Effect Is Relieved by the Chair Backs and Seats of Red Leather of this Room. On the wall space near the stairs, a large Flemish tapestry lends richness of color, and directly across hangs one of Mr. Hunt’s matchless charcoal heads, a work worthy of Michel Angelo, yet modern to the last degree, and here very suitably placed amid many mementoes of the artist. Returning to the lower rooms of the house, on the right of the hall is the library, with its ceiling of dropped-beam work, its series of English mullioned windows, extending along the west end, and af- fording an excellent light for the paintings upon the walls. Into these windows are introduced a few sym- bolic emblems in_ stained glass, of interest to the fam- ily chiefly. The library shelves are filled with rare volumes, ancient and mod- ern. Among the paintings in this room are works by Troyon, Diaz, Jules Dupre, De Neuville, and Jacques, while the walls are domi- nated by Mr. Hunt’s “Jew- ess,’’ painted while a pupil of Thomas Couture, and mistaken by Isabey for a work by the master of the class. Three other paint- ings here are by Mr. Hunt. A handsomely carved settle is one of the features of the library, which is one of the most attractive rooms in the entire mansion. On the left of the library is the ballroom, its length of fifty feet apparently 58 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 ys. doubled by the heavy French mirrors which are placed in several of the large panels. The color of the room is white and gold, while its furnishing is a combination of delicacy and richness. In front of the fireplace lies a splendid tiger skin, while in the center of the room is a rare white silk Persian rug, upon which a dos-a-dos arrangement of seats encompasses a group of palms and azaleas, and, like the other seats and sofas, are of the Louis XV period, of exquisite silken coverings, set in gold. Beau- tiful tables, ornamented with the choicest china vases, lend richness to all. Its chief distinction, how- ever, lies in its three antique silken tapestries of the finest “point.” They are from the famous Gobelin manu- factory, and were made from cartoons by Wouver- man’s. ‘The largest, at the west end of the room, is a veritable work of art. With its wide, rich border, it arrests the eye with compelling power and holds it until its beauties are compre- hended, even by those who are not connoisseurs. The two other tapestries on the side of the long wall are of the same exquisite beauty, but a little smaller. The three furnish the controlling notes of color in this spacious salon. A sedan chair, once owned by a princess, occupies a posi- tion near the fireplace, and is used as a cabinet for rare china. A Pipe Organ Crowns the Hall, Giving a Fine Setting Which Is Greatly Heightened by the Presence of the “Flight of Night,’’ Painted by the Late Holman Hunt February, AMERICAN 1907 The only modern piece here seen is a grand piano. Of the long French windows, draped with rare lace, one leads out upon a terrace, where we look to find a for- eign scene, in keeping with this luxurious salon. It is, however, no disappointment to find the Neponset River winding gently along be- hind the tall pines, the blue haze of the western hills completing this choice view of beautiful American land- scape. Crossing the main hall, the visitor comes to the large and elegant dining- room, deeply wainscoted in San Domingo mahogany. Here the walls are covered with dark-red linen, dull in finish, making an admirable background for the old Spanish sideboards and chairs, also of mahogany. On the walls are family portraits, and a few French landscapes. Over the man- tel hangs Mr. Tarbell’s portrait of Mrs. Slater and her four children. Its effect is finer than when shown in the gallery of the Art Museum in Boston, where the strong light was not as favorable as its present environment affords; it is a remarkably fine portrait group, especially in color and in fine contrasts. Adjoining the dining-room is the smoking-room, with its walls of fine Spanish leather. As in the others, this room contains several paintings of undoubted value and interest. HOMES AND GARDENS 59 Over the Entrance to the House Is a Large Room Known as the “ Play Room,” In Which Are Kept the Musical Instruments In the front of the house is the breakfast or morning room, furnished with rare taste. The second floor is devoted chiefly to the family. On the upper floors there are numerous guest rooms, many of them en suite. Over the entrance, on the upper floor, is a large room, running the entire width of the house, known at the ‘Play Room.” Here is a grand piano, violins, a ping-pong table, music and books in abundance, a large open fire, plants and flowers in generous profusion. A Fine Stable, Designed in Harmony with the House, Completes the Buildings of the Estate 60 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 Three Modern Houses By Burr Bartram A Model Suburban Home Built for M. F. Neuber, Esq., at Glenside, Pennsylvania HE illustrations of Mr. Neu- ber’s home at Glenside, Pa., as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, exhibit an excellent example of a model suburban house, suitable for a forty or fifty foot lot. The un- derpinning is built of rock- faced stone, laid up at random and pointed, with wide joints in white mortar. ‘he superstructure is of frame, with the exterior framework cov- ered with matched sheathing, good building paper, and clapboards painted white, while the roof is covered with cypress shingles stained a very dark green. The reception hall and the interior throughout is of chestnut, finished a deep shade of brown. It has an ornamental staircase of unique design and an open fireplace built of brick. ‘The library and dining-room are separated by sliding doors, and the latter has a window seat with a cluster of windows over it, and two built-in china closets. The plan provides for a large and airy kitchen, with pantry, fitted up with a dresser, shed large enough to admit an ice-box, dresser, sink, and range. The second floor contains an open hall with nook fitted up for a den, three bedrooms, and a bathroom. Each of the bedrooms have good closets, and the bathroom has porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel-plated plumbing. There is a storage-room on the third floor. There is a hot-water heater in the cellar which contains the fuel rooms. Mr. C. E. Schermerhorn, of Philadelphia, was the architect of this house. A Dwelling Built for Edwin a Lucas, Esq. At Mount Vernon, New York The modern dwelling illustrated in Figures 3, 4, and 5, and built for Mr. Edwin J. Lucas, has an underpinning and first story of rough rub- ble field stone. The sec- ond story, of wood, is covered on the exterior framework with matched sheathing, and then cedar shingles, which are left to weather finish. The roof is also covered with shingles. The hall and living- rooms are trimmed with white pine, treated with ivory-white enamel. |; These two rooms are 1. separated by an arch- | way, supported on fluted Dining Room IB'e"* 176" KITCHEN 1S‘ "x 12'2 ai' FEecerrion Ak 13's 126" PORCH lowipke ee ne Tonic columns. The reais stairway has oak treads, painted risers, posts, and balusters, and a 2—Eight Rooms and Bath Are Presented in the Plans |—White-painted Clapboards and a Dark-green Shingle Roof Constitute the Color Scheme of the Exterior mahogany rail. The ceiling is beamed, and there is a paneled wainscoting, as well as a seat at the side of the staircase. The living-room has a high-paneled wainscoting, the same as the hall, and the walls above it are covered with crimson burlap. The ceiling is beamed, and the bay window has a pan- eled seat. The large open fireplace is built of rubble field stone with a hearth of brick and a shelf of stone, rough- hewn. The dining-room is trimmed with chestnut and is finished with a soft-brown color. The butler’s pantry and kitchen are well fitted up with the best modern conveniences, and the lobby is large enough to admit an ice-box. The second ‘story is treated with white enamel trim and mahog- any doors. It contains an open hall, four bed- rooms, and a bath, the latter being tiled and furnished with porcelain fixtures. The servants’ quarters and trunk-room are placed on the third floor. The cemented cellar contains a laundry, furnace, and fuel-rooms. Mr. Herbert Lucas, of New York, was the ar- chitect of this house. CHAMBER ox B" CHAMBER 1B 6" 15'G" Barn Koen (©) 9'a"* 5'6" CHAMBER. I2'n1s' 2 February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A House Built for William Roberts, Esq. At Ogontz, Pennsylvania A house built for Mr. Roberts, at Ogontz, Pa., is shown in Figures 6 and 7. The underpinning, built of long, flat, local stone, is neatly pointed with lime and cement mortar. ‘The remainder of the house is of frame, sheathed and covered with pine shingles, which are stained a dull- olive color. ‘The roof is also covered with shingles of cypress, and stained a darker shade of olive. All the trimmings are painted ivory white. The main hall, including the stairway, and the parlor and dining-room, are trimmed with red oak stained a medium antique. ‘The stairway is an ornamental one, and is provided with a bay window Vista LOO KE 4—The Plans Show an Excellent Arrangement of Rooms and seat on the first iFantauinre. ,lihee parlor has an open fireplace, fur- nished with a tiled hearth and facings, and a mantel. A special feature of the dining-room is the small porch opening from it, which may be en- closed with glass in winter, forming a conservatory. The butler’s pan- try, i Kitchen, and aud ty ate trimmed with North Carolina pine, and each is furnished with all the best modern 5 —An Arch Supported on Ionic Columns Forms an Interesting Separation Between the conveniences. Hall and Living-room 61 BLE Kooe 72 SKIS (SF IXZS SECONIT [LOR The second story is trimmed with chestnut, and con- contains four bed- rooms, two of which are treated with ivory-white paint, while the re- maining two are finished natural. The bathroom is tiled, and it is fur- nished with porce- lain fixtures and exposed nickel- plated plumbing. The third story is also trimmed with chestnut, and it contains the serv- ants’ quarters and ample storage space. A cemented cellar contains a 62 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS hot-air furnace and fuel-rooms. Mr. Lawrence Visscher Boyd, of Philadelphia, was the architect. In the designing of small houses of this character, it is well to remember that it has required considerable thought February, 1907 A lean-to roof falls gracefully over the porch of which it forms a covering. Mr. Lucas has given the lean-to effect in his roof lines, but he has omitted the towers and has pierced the roof with dormer windows, broad in dimensions, Dining Koon 13°3" x 18 0” Bedroom Bedroom o"s I20- 33" 7x IG" We x wll farler 13°3°¥ 16" FireT Floom PLAN: * SECOND Floor PLAN - soot 6 A Gambrel Roof House with Olive-green Stained Shingles and White-painted Trim on the part of the various architects, in securing the very and adding much to the interior arrangement of the room. best possible arrangement of rooms combined with, and fitted The plans, while quite similar in their arrangements, have to, an exterior that is as equally well balanced and interest- ing, and one that is pleasing to the eye. a little more openness on the first floor than Mr. Schermer- The various materials of which the houses are built are horn’s house, but this is simply a question of personal desire on the part of the client. of the best of their respective kinds, the workmanship is good, and the appointments are of the most serviceable and The plans which Mr. Boyd presents are along the same convenient sorts. lines, but he has accepted the gambrel roof style in which to enclose his ideas. ‘The entrance to the house is from the Mr. Schermerhorn has presented a very good design of a_ side, giving a broad expanse to the front, and necessitating house for a narrow suburban lot, with wood square-formed only one walk in which to reach the entrance and the service rooms on the interior, while the only break on the exter- end of the house. ior is the tower, which is so often an impossible feature from an architectural standpoint, but in this instance it fits in Taking the three houses as a group they present a similar well and gives a certain amount of dignity to the exter‘or. interior plan with a distinct style for the exteriors and are characteristic of good taste. g SRS Z X ‘ % Zz S 2 w “a February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 63 Viniiéelis By Waldon Fawcett HERE is not, in all probability, in the entire South a Colonial estate which retains all its pristine beauty in greater degree than does Monticello, Thomas Jefferson’s noble coun- try seat in central Virginia, the scene of the private life of the author of the Declaration of Independence. Aside from its historic associations, Monticello is, next to Mount Vernon, the most interesting private habitation in America. This classic man- sion is well worthy of attention as an architectural master- piece, and ranks as the finest remaining example of the old Southern-plantation manor-house of the Revolution. The nucleus of Thomas Jefferson’s Virginia estate he inherited from his father, the tract comprising one thousand nine hundred acres. To this extensive additions were made by purchase, and the aggregate acreage was further increased by several fine farms that came to Jefferson as his wife’s dower. During the major portion of Thomas Jefferson’s period of occupancy the Monticello estate comprised con- ofa oY, a 2 =) 4 aa siderably more than five thousand acres, but during most of the time only one thousand one hundred acres were farmed. The estate is located in the broken and picturesque Pied- mont region of the Old Dominion, and the manor-house at Monticello is a landmark for the entire countryside and the nearest town. It may be seen clearly outlined against the sky from Charlottesville, three miles away. While yet a student Jefferson chose one of the boldest mountains in his estate for his permanent home, and on this summit, which he named Monticello—the Italian for “little mountain’’—he cleared and leveled a site of ten acres, upon which he built from his own plans the stately and magnificent mansion which stands to this day in a perfect state of preservation. The present-day visitor to Monticello, like the pilgrim of a century ago, enters the grounds at the rear, in an open native woodland, and a sharp climb is required to reach the elevation on which the house is located. Once this eminence is attained, however, it is easy to appreciate why Jefferson chose this site. The magnificent panorama which lies East and West, “ Monticello” Has a Great Portico 1907 February, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS uoslayaf sewoy] jo OWOPY] oy) , ‘O[eoquOT/] ,, February, 1907 spread out on three sides is probably unequaled any- where in the United States. It extends over the undulat- ing country in a mighty sweep to the Blue Ridge Mountains half a hundred miles away and presents a vista of that picturesque range for a distance of more than one hundred and fifty miles. The little mountain on the apex of which Jefferson placed his residence is five hundred and eighty feet high, and has the form of a cone. It slopes eastward one and one-half miles to the Rivanna River. Jef- ferson’s birthplace is in sight of the portico of Mon- ticello, and _ seemingly almost below is the Uni- versity of Virginia, which he: founded. President Monroe lived eight miles down the valley, and the home of President Madison was but a few miles north. From the cupola of his man- sion the Sage of Monticello tin ARs. eee, ae Lee A Nearer View of the Portico The Slaves’ Quarters and Jefferson’s Office Building RCT AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 65 could gaze upon twelve of the richest counties in Vir- ginia. The mansion designed by Jefferson and erected under his personal supervision has the plan of a gigantic letter I, the wings opening west- ward. ‘To the north and south are walks or prome- nades supported by masonry structures containing — ser- vants’ quarters and storage- rooms. Masonry-wings of exactly this same character were provided for in the original plans for the White House at Washington in the shaping of which Jefferson had a hand, and it is these wings or terraces which were restored during the recent reconstruction of the Presidential Mansion. On the edge of the lawn before the house at Monti- cello, and at the supreme point of vantage for the splendid semi-circular pano- rama, stands the little build- ing used by Jefferson as a study. This is connected 66 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 MK with the mansion by a walk. In the rear of the house is a lawn of three acres, with stately old trees all about it. Many of them were set out by Jefferson himself, and not a few were his special importations from Europe, these being, in some _in- stances, the pioneers of some populous species on this side of the Atlantic. Conspic- uous among the landscape- gardening features are the remarkable _ rectangular flower-beds arranged by Edmund Bacon, who was for twenty years Jefferson’s overseer. The Monticello mansion has a Doric order of Roman architecture, with heavy cor- nices and massive — balus- trades. ‘The interior is in the Ionic style. The front hall recedes six feet within the wall of the building, and a portico projects about twenty-five feet, with stone pillars and steps. ‘The house was thirty-two years in building. Begun in 1770, it was not completed until 1802, and cost, according to the account-books of its famous architect and builder, only $7,200 in actual outlay of money. ‘The bricks were not imported from England, as in the case of many of the old Virginia mansions, but were made on the ground by the The Main Hall of ‘‘ Monticello” slaves. “The ornamental material for the house was brought from Philadelphia, and every nail used in the construction was forged in a nail-factory which Jefferson established on the place. Probably the most impressive feature of the interior is the great hall, which is thirty feet square and extends to the full height of the build- ing, with a music-gallery under the ceiling. The salon where Jefferson was wont to entertain his friends has a floor inlaid in satin- wood and _ rosewood, as highly polished as a table, and cost originally more than $2,000. Truly impos- ing is the library, which sheltered the major portion of Jefferson’s famous col- lection of thirteen thousand books, and near at hand on the first floor is Jefferson’s bedroom where he died. Unique in many of its attributes is the tea-room, with its exquisite, carved white-marble mantel. Ad- joining it is a little private council-chamber to which Jefferson was accustomed to invite any of his numerous guests with whom he wished to consult in strict privacy. Glass doors connect this Mantel and Doorway in the Hall closet-like apartment with the tea-room. February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ‘“Crowhurst,’’ Manchester-by-the-Sea By Mary H. Northend RANSFORMED from meadow and _ woodland into one of the most pic- turesque of estates is ‘“‘Crowhurst,”’ the summer home of Mr. Francis Meredyth Whitehouse, at Manchester-by-the-Sea. The grounds are most extensive, sloping down from the rocky headlands that define the shore, and reaching back to the Kettle Cove Road. A road cuts through the grounds, sep- arating the home estate from the stables and farm land. At the right, hidden from view, is the house, which has only recently been finished and occupied by the family. The picturesque stables and cottages, used by the employes as homes, make an artistic spot on the landscape at the left, as one drives along one of the roads that lead from Manchester to Magnolia. Every- thing about the grounds is well managed, with every evidence that they have been treated in a scientific manner carefully thought out. There is no discordant note in the whole estate. The soft-green lawns, stretching to the buildings, the central feature of the farm, are interrupted midway by a pool in which ducks disport them- selves. The buildings are of stucco and half timber with unusual combinations in gables and dormers, thoroughly individual in design. ‘They show interesting openings and give telling projections, such as an architect of taste and ability only A Glimpse of the Formal Garden and Gateway could arrange. ‘They follow the Normandy farm style of architecture, and were planned by Mr. Whitehouse himself. They surround a courtyard, entered by the driveway. As one enters here, flocks of fantails whirl over one’s head from a dovecote in the tower. The property is so large that each department has its dis- tinctive situation. At the rear of the buildings is the farm; The House Follows the Normandy Farm Style of Architecture ( 68 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 The Drawing-room Is Finished in Old English Oak and Has a Curved Ceiling Ornamented in Stucco February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 69 kitchen and cutting gardens stretch to the main road, isolated and complete in detail. The permanent summer residence was not erected at the time of the first purchase of the estate. For many years, Mr. White- house lived in one of the farm cottages, as he was desirous of taking his own time in building. The house was completed only about a year ago from plans designed by Mr. Whitehouse. It stands on the highest ele- vation of land and faces the ocean. It is a jarge and handsome country home, con- structed of concrete. Massive pillars sup- port the entrance porch and porte-cochere. There are large sloping gables from which rise the chimneys, of more than ordinary size, attractive loggias, and many bay win- dows. Diamond-shaped panes of glass have been introduced, and add much to the picturesqueness of the windows. The interior contains many novel fea- tures. The lower hall has a floor of tile, from which rises an elaborate staircase of old English oak, brought from abroad and originally a part of Enfield Hall. This leads, by low treads, to a large upper hall, which in turn opens into the various rooms. The great drawing-room is most inter- esting and elaborate in design. It is fin- ished in old English oak, and has a curved ceiling richly ornamented in stucco. The dining-room, 30 by 20 feet, opens into the conservatory, and is reached directly from the hall. The approach to the house, from the main road, is by a wide avenue that curves up the hill to the house itself. On either side are interesting trees and smooth green turf. One does not see the beauty of the gar- den until the front of the house is reached. ‘This is English in design and exhibits fea- tures thoroughly in harmony with the rough landscape surroundings. At the right rise tall, arrowy trees, which have been left in their natural state and form a breakwind for the tender plants. ‘The woods, which have been cleared of under- brush, and through which paths lead in every direction, are a delight to the botanist, from the time of the coming of the blue- eyed violet to the late glow of the golden- rod. It is refreshing to come upon a gar- den such as this. There are no marble fragments; there is practically no architec- tural design, and yet each bed has been so carefully laid out and is so profuse in its blooming that a happy result has been pro- duced. Inside the box borders is an infinite variety of plants; the tiny bluebell, the stately hollyhock, and the soft tint of the rose each adds its own particular charm and gives a distinct feature to the grounds. In the center is a circular basin, with a graceful surrounding of lilies, dotted here and there, on its surface, with the white of the pond-lily blossom. Graceful water jets form a fountain, which is the central feature. Grass paths intersect the grounds. The Wood Path The Tea House and the Steps Leading to the Upper Terrace 70 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 Manual Training in Public Schools By Charles C. Johnson LEDS gory \ep HE task of learning how best to use one’s hands has become a science. It is called manual training. Through it thousands of young people are finding out that there are within themselves possibilities of achieve- ment of which they never dreamed. With- in the last five years manual training has forged to the front with giant strides. Instead of being con- fined to technical institutions, it has become part of the everyday life in the schools of large cities. One result of this is that in thousands of homes there is evidence of surprising manual accomplishment, both decorative and useful. The ranks of shop and professional workers are annually receiv- ing recruits from this source, of a far higher order of practical knowledge and ability to “do things” than has hitherto come to them in the form of beginners. Manual training, as the school pupil enjoys it, does not develop the finished worker, nor is any such pretense made. What it does is to enable a pupil to find himself, and its chief purpose is really the formation of a partnership of head, hand, and heart. The aim of instruction in what is called constructive work is to give the individual power to work independently. Special effort is made to A Carpentry Class Learning the Use of Tecls promote original creation and execution. Every new process is taught with a view of giving the ability to use the knowl- edge gained in the making of other forms. Contrary to general opinion, first steps in manual training are not associated with shop work—carpentry or mechanics of any sort. In fact, the first three years the subjects of this course are construction, design, illustration, object drawing— all with the use of paper, splints, and pencil. Whenever pos- sible, lessons in illustrative drawing supplement other lessons. In grade 2B in the manual training course of the New York public schools, for instance, the first step is to make objects from paper by cutting, folding, and pasting some form for furnishing a playhouse, such as an armchair or table. Some- times the making of original forms is permitted, although in- dividual models must be directly related to the object model. Every effort is made to induce pupils to work out new forms at home, because their interest in the tasks in hand is meas- ured largely by the home work they are willing to do. Later on, the attention of the pupils is taken up with basketry and weaving, tasks to which they seem to bring the best thought there is in them. The general manual training course in the New York public schools extends over eight years, and includes drawing, construction, and shop work. The first two years most of the time is devoted to freehand representation of objects, simple illustrative drawings, constructive work with applications of Evening High School Students Modeling in Clay decorative design, color, study of pictures. In the third year constructive work from draw- ings is added. The fourth and fifth year courses cover practi- cally the same ground. The sixth year includes freehand drawing, memory or imagina- tive drawings, simple compo- sition, principles of construc- tion drawing, constructive work from patterns or working drawings, decorative design and its application, color, study of pictures and other works of art. The seventh year course takes up freehand drawing, prin- ciples of perspective, memory or imaginative drawings, com- position, construction drawing, principles of constructive de- sign, ornament, decorative design and its application, color, study of pictures and other works of art. At this point, too, comes shop work, including the use and care of hack saw, plane, chisel, brace and bit; use of nails and screws; applica- tion of stains; making of simple, useful articles from indi- vidual plans; application of decoration; or, in schools with- out shops, constructive work from patterns or designs. February, 1907 A Class in Basket Weaving The last or eighth year in the course takes up the shop work, advanced exercises in chiseling and joinery, use of hand screws, cause of checking and warping; qualities of hard woods—oak, ash, etc.; nature and application of mortise and dovetail joint; characteristics of common woods; Venetian iron work, etc. In the manual training high school, the first year’s purely manual course consists of freehand drawing and joinery; English, including grammar, rhetoric, and composition. Ger- man, or French, or Latin and algebra are taught in connec- tion with the manual work. The second high school year includes plane geometry, free- hand and mechanical drawing, wood turning, pattern making, molding and sheet metal work. In the third year are mechan- ical drawing and forging, while in the fourth year mechanical drawing is continued, and machine shop practice undertaken. By the time a pupil is ready for a course in the manual training high school, his hands have become fairly skilled and fit to be trusted with the more serious work. As a matter of course he takes up mechanical drawing, but shop work is to an extent elective, so far as the particular variety in which the pupil shows the most interest is concerned. By the time the pupil reaches the high school he has found himself to some extent, and is permitted by the instructor to give the major part of his time to the line of work that most appeals to him. This he follows out in connection with other tasks to as great an extent as the course per- mits. At the end he knows enough about the subject he has studied to decide intelli- gently if his life work lies in the direction pointed out by any of the manual arts. Even if he enters a profession, his manual training is a marked help to him. Every good sur- geon is also a good mechanic. The greater successes thus far attained by manual train- ing pupils have been among those who attend the night or evening public schools. ‘The course in these schools is in- tended for persons with whom the necessity of self- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 71 support makes daily labor imperative. The only quirement for admission to the New York city schoo's of this nature is the ability to read and write English. As a rule these pupils have an idea of what they wish to learn. Usually it is in connec- tion with the trades or pro- fessions which engage their daily attention, but often the menial laborer finds here an opportunity to mount the lad- der leading to a higher rank in life. The popularity of this method of study is illus- trated. by the tact that. a Brooklyn night manual train- ing school has a list of 1,200 would-be pupils who await the opportunity for study which will become available as pupils of the present retire. Few boys lack the desire to “make things.’ In the de- velopment of this instinct to a point of usefulness, carpentry, perhaps, plays the most prominent part. It seems to arouse ambition more than any other line of effort, save that of elec- tricity. With the development of the latter science has come an increase of juvenile interest in the subject. At first the pupil in carpentry is taught the proper use of the plane, and what may be called edge work; that is, how to make the beveled edge, ornamental edge, and the over- lapping and entering edges of joinery. It is here that the natural aptitude of the pupil is tested. If, for instance, he makes a small box in approved fashion, the chances are hc can do other kinds of carpentry and joinery well. When he accomplishes such a result he is given more advanced bench work, in order that the extent of his natural bent may be demonstrated. Sometimes he excels in scroll work, or, again, in the working of Venetian iron. Scroll work develops a steady hand and correct eye. The beginner is given patterns to work from, at first, but as he progresses he is urged to branch out more and more into indi- vidual design. In some cases the result is marvelous, espe- re- ‘ icin | ii. Learning the Rudiments of Electricity Wo AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS cially in the reproduction, without pattern, of leaves of trees. Technically, scroll work is known as fret sawing. Paper knives with fancy handles, paper racks, match boxes, and ornate, but still useful, baskets are constructed with the aid of the fret saw and glue pot. Not 30 per cent. of the pupils who Young Pupils in Venetian Iron Work take up scroll work in the school fol- low it afterward, but there are any number of homes that testify to the utility of the knowledge gained. Applied mechanics are next in fa- vor. This includes work in the ma- chine shop or forge room. ‘The con- stant supplanting of steam by electricity in manufactories is recognized in the method of equipping the manual training departments of the up-to-date public schools. This is notice- able in the absence of belting in the majority of machine shops. The individual motor furnishes the power. All these facts the pupil learns, as well as how to operate the electrical machinery. Indeed, in several instances the very dynamos used to generate the electricity that furnishes the motive power in the school shops have been constructed almost wholly by students. Although most young people are familiar with the gen- eral appearance of boilers, pumps, and machinery of various ra tie ae) Th Oca , & Learning the Principles of a Boiler’s Operation February, 1907 sorts, they know little of the working principles thereof. This fact is the basis of the newest departure in the manual training course in the New York schools. The pupils are taken by teachers in classes to the homes of the machinery used to supply heat, light, etc., in the school buildings them- selves, and the working of this ma- chinery is explained by the men in whose charge it has been placed. In the machine shop work, and in the forge rooms, as much care is taken by the instructors in superin- tending the work as if the task in hand was being accomplished purely for commercial purposes. The re- sult of. this is that the training the A Lesson in Scroll Work or Fret-sawing pupil receives is far superior to that ordinarily experienced by the apprentice. It has been said of the present generation of working me- chanics that it lacks thoroughness and a. knowledge of the best application of principles. The chief aim of the manual training school is to remedy any such defect by thoroughly grounding the pupil in whatever line of mechanics he may elect. How well that ideal has been attained is testified to by the thousands of men and women who have been taught to use their hands and by the simpler and more beautiful objects of handicraft that are to be found in the homes even of the poor. A Lesson in the Construction and Operation of a Pump February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 1k The Cult of the Orchid By S. Leonard Bastin HERE is surely nothing in the world’s his- tory which will quite compare with the or- chid rage, which has taken gardening circles by storm at the present time. Only the tulip craze in Holland surpassed the present craze; but we may question if there was not more sordid money making at the bottom of that historic movement than wholesome love of tulip grow- ing. But the orchid has not always enslaved the hearts of men; fifty years ago the great family had not attracted any large amount of attention, and, comparatively speaking, few of the varieties then known were in general cultivation. Now all this is altered and the corners of the earth are being ransacked for new species to satisfy the cravings of the great collectors. After all it is no matter for great surprise that orchids have come into their present position in the popular regard. There is some subtle fascination about the whole group which almost every one feels. To begin with, their habits as plants are quite unlike any other members of the vegetable kingdom. They are found growing in all sorts of strange ways, and under a host of different conditions. Indeed it would be safe to say that there is no group of plants more widely dis- tributed. And when one comes to orchid blossoms, they simply pass the bounds of the wildest imagination in the char- acter of their colorings and designs. It would be useless to attempt to describe the extraordinary beauty of form in some varieties, the exquisite tinting of others, and the grotesque and quaint designs exhibited in such a number. The fact that, generally speaking, it is not an easy plant to grow, has only seemed to add to the popularity of the orchid. True, some species are very much more accommodating than others, and are amenable to simple treatment; others, with the care which any lover of plants will gladly accord, may be grown with considerable success, while yet again, a certain number should be undertaken only if one is sure that the right conditions can be fully supplied. In the last category may be included the epiphytal species, which do not root in soil, but flourish on tree trunks in the hot, damp atmosphere of the tropical forests. To imitate these conditions a specially equipped glasshouse is absolutely essential, and, even with the advantage of every conceivable appliance, there are in- stances on record in which for some reason or other there has been poor success. Not that one would for a moment wish to discourage the small grower, or drive the amateur with A Beautiful Spotted Variety of Odontoglossum Crispum A Fine Pink Orchid Worth About One Hundred and Fifty Dollars 74 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS limited means to the conclusion that the cult of the orchid is only the pastime of the rich. Any one may grow orchids if he is careful to select those which he can manage, and to this end it is well to start the collection with the most ordinary Catasetum Christyanum, the Bat Orchid species, and thus gain experience. Apart from the pleasure of orchid-growing, there may be a very substantial profit at- tached to the cultivation of these plants. The principal romance in connection with the cult of the orchid surrounds the collection of the plants in localities where they abound. ‘The chief firms whose specialty is the supply- ing of orchids retain men at high salaries whose sole object is to obtain new and rare species for their employers. ‘The life, although an attractive one to those of an adventurous turn of mind, is by no means without risk. Naturally, civ- ilized and therefore fairly safe countries have been pretty well worked by orchid collectors, and there can be little hope of finding a great novelty except in out of the way parts. Here, surrounded by all the dangers of unexplored tropical lands, the orchid collector labors at his task. At every foot- step some foul disease may dog his way; the human inhab- itants of the land in which he is working may have strong cannibalistic tendencies, while all kinds of wild beasts and venomous snakes may at any time cause his death. Still this strange worker thinks that he is amply rewarded should he bring to light some new variety. As plants orchids are vari- able beyond all imaginings, and more often than not a fine natural “sport” or hybrid of some fairly well known kind will prove to be of more value than a new species. As instancing some of the difficulties which are experienced by orchid collectors, the following extract taken from the letter of a French adventurer, who went in search of a par- ticular species of orchid named Eulophiella elisabethe. He says: ‘It was nearly a year before I discovered the gorgeous orchid. This plant grows in a very limited region only . and flourishes on the tops of the tallest trees. To secure the orchids I was obliged to have the trees cut down, and then I most carefully gathered all the plants myself.’ Later on, when speaking of the perils of the journey, which led right February, 1907 into the interior of Madagascar, he says: ‘‘Not counting the constant exposure of my life, and the lives of those accom- panying me, not only was our party exposed to the risk of being strangled by hostile and ferocious tribesmen—a fate that befell many a poor fellow belonging to our expedition whose unwary footsteps led him astray—but we had to struggle almost night and day against the wild animals which haunt these primeval forests.” It is probable that one of the most romantic stories of all is that told in connection with the Ladies’ Slipper Orchid, Cypri- pedium fairieanum. About fifty years ago this plant, a native of the Eastern Himalayas, was quite a common and well-known species, selling at a dollar or less a_ plant. Strangely enough, in the course of time the exact locality of the species was quite lost sight of, and as its area was very restricted, the plant became practically extinct so far as the cultivation of it was concerned. It was known to exist some- where in the northward of India, and several expeditions were got together, at considerable expense, to search for this Cypripedium. Owing to the extremely hostile nature of some of the tribes, several districts had to remain quite unvisited, and it was with a feeling akin to despair that the various firms at last came to the conclusion that it was useless to spend any more money on the quest. A few years ago, how- ever, the British Government decided to open up once more some of the districts in the Eastern Himalayas, and to this end a strong expeditionary force was despatched, which speed- ily brought home to the natives the fact that no more re- bellions would be tolerated. An enterprising collector, who was working Northern India, followed closely on the heels of the soldiers, with the result that one day he came upon the long lost orchid, growing in such profusion that it will scarcely be likely to become a rare species again. Often and often the collector does not see the orchids A Giant Orchid which he is collecting in bloom, and can therefore have but little idea as to their real value. Nevertheless, he is careful to take large numbers of even the common kinds, or those which are apparently so at any rate. One man will forward February, 1907 each year to the different centers in America and Europe enormous quantities of plants. It is at times a most difficult matter to get the newly collected orchids down to the coast after they have been wired into boxes by a skilful packer. Once aboard the steamer the risks are by no means at an may puon tne HOLSS anatds at > z a & A Recently Imported but Undeveloped Example end. Even in the well regulated temperature of a special cabin, a great many of the plants will perish on the way, and pass from their dormant condition into the sleep that knows no waking. Many thousands of dollars will be lost in this fashion on every consignment of orchids. But supposing that the shipment in its entirety comes more or less safely to hand, the importer goes carefully through the uninteresting looking roots. Of course any that he suspects may be some- thing special he places aside, but the majority, which will be examples of common species, he will place aside for entry in the next possible auction sale. Now these may be simple types, or they may not. [Illustrative of this, let us consider an actual instance, which occurred not so very long ago in London. A big firm placed some of their outcast orchids on sale, and a number of these lots averaged not more than half a dollar apiece. One amateur grower went in for half a A Fine Type of Natural Hybrid Odontoglossum Crispum AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 75 dozen or so of these, and after tending them for two or three years they all bloomed. What was the owner’s surprise and delight when he observed that one of his treasures was a unique variety—quite a gem in fact! Most strange of all, he hies him to the firm which had originally spurned the plant, and which had gladly accepted a modest sum minus the auc- tioneer’s commission. ‘They in turn are so struck with the novelty that they at once offer to buy the specimen back again, and after a good deal of bargaining the price is fixed at a sum equalling two thousand five hundred dollars. The record price for an orchid plant, however, was considerably more than this, and was attained in March, 1906. In this month a variety of Odontoglossum crispum changed hands at the enormous sum of one thousand one hundred and fifty English guineas, about $5,750. By courtesy of Mr. J. Seel, we are enabled to reproduce a photograph of this flower, which stands alone as the most costly plant on earth. It is just here in this buying of plants freshly imported that the amateur cultivator would be likely to turn an inter- esting hobby to good account. ‘The orchids as they appear when just to hand from their country of origin seem to be of little interest or value to any one. In its dormant state an orchid is principally a mass of brown and withered pseudo- bulbs, as the storage chambers of the plant are called. It is Odontoglossum Crispum Pittianum, the Most Valuable Orchid in the World, Sold for $5.750 only by skilful treatment that the plant can be induced to grow, when after a lapse of some time the specimen will blossom. If one were asked to point a finger to the particular kind of orchids in which the grower would be most likely to meet with salable varieties, one might mention the Odonto- glossums, and specially the marvelously variable species known as crispum. New and striking forms of this orchid are in great demand at the moment, and if the variety be a “blotchy” one, provided the markings are fairly regular, the owner may consider that he is lucky. For the enlightenment of the uninitiated in the mysteries of orchid culture, it may be mentioned that the sole reason why the O. crispum pittia- num referred to above fetched such a large sum was due to the fact that the flower was more freely marked than any other that had come to light previously. The artificial cross-fertilization by means of insects is a matter which, at the present time, is receiving a great deal of attention. The process is well known, and all must be familiar with the manner in which the pollen from one flower is transferred to the feminine organs of another bloom, in the hope of affecting the resulting seed. It is a slow business, the raising of orchids from seed, and one requiring an im- mense amount of patience. As in the case of all kinds of plants the outcome is exceedingly uncertain, and more often than not wofully disappoints the experimenter. Still, good 76 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A Group of Rare Odontoglossums work is now being done in this direction, and there can be small doubt that fine forms will be brought to light. It is an utter impossibility within the limits of a descriptive article to give anything more than the most general hints as to the cultivation of such an immense group as the orchids. In a broad sense the general treatment should consist in keep- ing up the periods of rest and activity natural to each variety, and rigidly observing these whatever the plant may seem inclined to do. When passing into its dormant condition the specimen will naturally demand a great slackening in the water supply, and with the return of active growth the amount of moisture must needs be increased. ‘The beginner is, no doubt, wise if in the first instance he accustoms himself to the growing of fully established specimens. ‘he newly imported February, 1907 A Particularly Fine Specimen of Miltonia Vescilaria examples call for a considerable amount of attention if they are to be successfully started. As soon as received all old leaves must be removed from the pseudobulbs, and the plants placed just as they are in the shady part of a cool house. Here they should be allowed to remain for two or three days, the atmospheric moisture being all sufficient for their needs. After the lapse of the stated period the plants may be potted and nursed until they start into growth. Of course even the most careful grower will lose a number of his plants at times, and one can in nowise be sure of the fate of a specimen until it has been fully established. Still, orchids are such eccen- tric things that the amateur often rejoices in the “‘beginner’s luck,”’ which falls to his share, while the old hand is mourning the loss of many treasures. The Interior Color of Walls OLOR is the quality which gives agreeable- ness to walls. The pattern of the covering material is a matter of the primest impor- tance; but a good pattern may be ruined by a bad coloring. The importance of color is, therefore, supreme. It is not only the first step toward making the room agree- able, but it is the decisive step. Once fix the color of the walls, and it will be impossible to avoid the chosen tint if an harmonious ensemble is to be obtained. The selection of the colors for a series of rooms is a matter dependent on many circumstances. Professional decorators are apt to view the subject by rule of thumb, and glibly give advice as to the best colors to use in north rooms, south rooms, well-lighted rooms, dark rooms, rooms for men and rooms for women. For one who has no idea what to do such advice is very heartening, no doubt, but it entirely ignores the personal element which, after all, is one of the most important things in the decoration of the house. One good general rule lays at the foundation of all in- terior color schemes, and that is that the first thing to be con- sidered in choosing the color of a room is the quantity of light within it. Rooms lighted from the north, for example, are very differently lighted than those facing the south, even if the amount of opening surface be identical. Warm, bright colors are suited to north rooms, cool soft tints to south rooms. That is to say, warm reds, golden browns, and golds are colors for north rooms, while blues, water greens, and silvery hues are adapted to south rooms. The whole phi- losophy of household color schemes is summed up in these differences. Within the limitations thus set there is wide scope for indi- vidual treatment. The home maker, intent on arranging her color schemes, may now draw on her individual preferences and choose the colors she likes best, always keeping in view the basic conditions set by the quality of illumination. If one is completely at sea—and a good color sense is by no means sO common as many suppose—it will be necessary to depend on professional advice, a very good thing in itself, but its following takes away much of the individuality which comes from personal choice and direction. The color of a wall, however, is too important to experiment with, for, once chosen, it is apt to be retained until the end. There is still another very important matter to be con- sidered, and that is the relationship of the colors of various rooms to the immediately adjoining apartments. ‘The ten- dency of the modern American interior is to be as open as possible, the rooms often not separated at all, but connected with spacious openings. This is particularly true of the mod- ern hall which is apt to be a central apartment into which all the others open. The single final rule to be observed is that of harmony, ab- solute, general, perfect. There must be no discordant notes. There must be no clashing of tints and tones. There must be no sudden changes. There must, in short, be a harmony that can be seen and be felt. It is impossible to generalize far- ther; but this, the most difficult task of all, is the wall deco- rator’s supreme test. February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 74, The Revival of Artistic Hand-Wrought Iron Work A Unique Village Craft in England By Frederick Bottal HE progress of science and the development of machinery has brought about a sad deca- dence in an artistic type of home decora- tion and embellishment which in the Middle Ages had an extensive vogue in Europe. This is the industry of artistic hand- wrought iron work. Specimens of this work, which unfortunately have now become very rare, may be seen in the old-world buildings, both public and private, which have stood the storm of centuries in European coun- tries, and which are now highly prized by their owners. In fact, so rarely are examples of the work brought upon the market that high values are realized. It was only recently that a well-known English admirer of this handicraft pur- chased a pair of gates executed in the sixteenth century for the sum of $30,000. Indeed, some of the prices realized for typical examples of this medieval handiwork have been most fabulous, owing to the limit of the supply. The majority of the remaining examples are now public property, and conse- quently, being in the hands of the respective governments, will now be impossible of acquisition by the amateur. The industry received its death blow from the advent of mechanical methods of producing the work, both more ex- peditiously and cheaply, albeit not so artistically or thor- oughly. ‘rue, there are still in existence a certain number of foundries or smithies where the art is practised, scattered throughout France, Belgium, Spain, and Italy, but the art is rapidly becoming a lost one, the present workers not possess- ing the skill or artistic taste of their forefathers, who were bred, born, lived, and died in the atmosphere and amid the surroundings of the handicraft. In Great Britain, especially, where two or three centuries ago there flourished numerous villages and centers where the art was practised, the workers lost their skill and taste for the craft, with the result that the industry soon became quite extinct. Within recent years, however, there has been manifested a revival of the handiwork, enthusiastically fostered by the King and several members of the aristocracy, with the result ——— IS \\ My A Polished Black Iron Casket Made for Lady Rothschild that there has arisen a new demand for this type of decora- tion. ‘This revival is attributable to the energies of a lady, Mrs. Edith Ames-Lyde, the Lady of the Manor of Thorn- ham. She has so succeeded in imbuing the natives of the village with a taste for the work that a flourishing industry has been created. The village of Thornham is quite removed from the hum and bustle of the manufacturing centers, situated as it is in Entrance Gates Made for the Countess of Warwick the agricultural county of Norfolk with the nearest township some five miles distant. It is an old-world village, character- istic of the remote parts of England. With its old-fashioned houses, and its single straggling, dreary village street, and its Gates with Top Sections Executed in Carnations and Other Flowers 78 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 An Artistic Lantern of Wrought Iron A Well-executed Bell Pull Lantern for the Prince of Wales. Sandringham atmosphere of solitude and quiet, it is strongly reminiscent of Washington Irving’s Sleepy Hollow. The industry, which now constitutes the most important in the neighborhood, has grown from a humble beginning. In order to while away the tedium of the long winter evenings, CAS NOs Oa Ae s WC Xeacacardnses 2 EOS) J a ag TT lee 71s - Wrought-iron Gates at Sandringham Mrs. Ames-Lyde engaged a lecturer to visit the village, and give a little instruction to the lads in the very ordinary and simple bent iron work. ‘The lady herself, who is thoroughly conversant with artistic iron work as practised on the Euro- pean continent, assisted in the inculcation, and secured the A Tastefully Designed Candelabrum February, 1907 co-operation of the village schoolmaster in her efforts. The youths developed an unexpected aptitude and desire for the work, the fascination and possibilities of which they quickly realized. In order to foster this enterprise a small building was secured, in which a forge and the necessary implements of Garden Gates for Lady Maple the trade were installed. The students soon became expert in simple bent iron work, and attempted the execution of better articles, fashioned upon their own artistic lines, or copied masterpieces of this craft executed in the middle centuries. As the work progressed it aroused the interest of architects and designers, who, although demanding such hand-wrought art iron work for various forms of embellishment, had either to send their designs to the continental workers, or be satis- fied with the more mechanical machine work. King Edward Top Central Section of Gateway Ornamented With Iron Carnations ; Each Petal Was Wrought Separately and Then Welded Into Position AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 79 VII was among the first to recognize the value of the enter- prise, and one of the first contracts the Thornham artists undertook for the reigning sovereign was a swinging lamp for the hall at Sandringham. ‘This specimen aroused such wide- spread interest on account of its workmanship and beauty of design that a replica was ordered for the Paris Exhibition of 1900. The late Queen Victoria was also deeply interested in the art, and a beautiful imperial lamp, the floriation of which is emblematic of empire, was specially prepared for her. The whole of the work was carried out by hand, and the decora- tion was of a most intricate and difficult nature, comprising the delicate combination of roses, thistles, and shamrocks with the lotus flower of Egypt. Polished Iron Hinges for Mrs. Berkeley, Hanwell Castle This unique work is carried out in an ordinary village cot- tage secured for the purpose, and the interior of which has been adapted to the requirements of the industry. The stranger’s attention is arrested by a large design placed over the door executed by the workers, and which is a replica from the Cathedral at Lucca, while projecting from the building into the street is a swinging sign representing the sons of Tubal Cain. The workshop is a smithy purely and simply. Of machines there are none, with the exception of a driller. The whole of the work is produced by hammer and anvil, a great part of it being undertaken in cold iron. The workers are drawn from the village school, and com- mence operations directly their scholastic curriculum is com- pleted. The lads are initiated into the art by the schoolmas- ter, who is responsible for the greater part of the designs, a large majority of which are quite original in character, though there is an extensive collection drawn from all parts of the Continent. Should the youth evince no prominent sign of artistic creation, he is then taught the usual trend of iron smiths’ work. A large amount of work is carried out by the workers for architects, designers, and artists. So AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 The Japanese Morning Glory By Ida D. Bennett S WITH most varieties of plants, the Japan- ese are much given to the growing of the morning glory in pots, and there are certain dwarf forms that are only suitable for this form of culture. Most of the named varie- ties have also a dwarf form, or are rendered dwarf by certain methods of culture. The plants may be readily dwarfed by planting in shallow seed flats and growing on until they bud, which will be in four or five weeks, and when thus forced they do not regain their normal stature when planted out in the open ground or in pots, but continue to bloom while remaining but a few inches in height. I know of nothing that equals the little dwarfed morning glories in precocity, except the little Multiflora roses which we bring into full bloom from the seed in seven weeks. The Aurata, as its name indicates, has golden foliage which harmonizes exquisitely with flowers of blue, of steel-gray, and gray bordered with white, feathered down on the ground of the gray more than appears in flowers of other colors. There is a great diversity in the shape and coloring of the foliage of the different varieties, one variety showing a long, narrow, curiously crumpled leaf, with heavy stems covered with reddish hairs, others showing enormous leaves splashed with gray and white, looking much as though whitewash had been spilled upon them from above; these variegated varieties would be very ornamental even without the flowers. Antigone belongs to this ornamental variety; the leaves are medium-sized, but beautifully mottled with gray and white, and showing large china-blue flowers of a wonderful purity of color. Aglaja, another variegated-leaved variety, shows flowers of white splashed and speckled with blue, with an occasional speck of crimson, the throat showing a tendency to cream color. Adonis, one of the largest variegated-leaved varieties, shows immense flowers, more or less flared and ruffled on the edges, of white splashed and speckled with crimson—a very lovely flower. Most varieties of the morning glory show several shades or variations of the same color, as Asteria, which gives several shades of red or smoke color, the latter a very novel and striking color quite unique in flowers. The best of the red shades is a deep velvety crimson, quite unlike anything one is accustomed to associate with morning glories, but we are talking of Japan, the country of necro- mancy and the things thereof, and shall we be surprised? One of the finest of all morning glories is the pure white Thalia. This is really magnificent. The plant is of very vigorous growth, easily covering sixty square feet of netting by midsummer and bearing its great, white blossoms in clus- ters of five or more. Like all Japanese morning glories it blossoms from the ground up, and its blossoms range from immense lily-like trumpets to frilled and Japanesque effects that are fairly ravishing. One of the more ordinary forms of Japanese morning glories, and one more apt to be found in the ordinary mixture of seeds, is Euphrosyne, an immense flower of a fine red bor- dered with a broad band of white. ‘This variety also gives some plain reds with an occasional frilled effect. Collata, a fine dark blue, shows also the white border and white speckled with blue. The culture of the Japanese morning glory, to produce the best results, should be high. Seed should be started early in the house or hotbeds, and the plants removed to the open ground when all danger of frost is passed and the nights are warm. Few, if any, vines will do much until the ground and nights are warm, and a setback at the beginning means in- ferior results all summer. Before sowing the seed, either in the house, hotbed, or open ground, they should be soaked in hot water for several hours, or until the seeds are swollen and cracked. I often defer sowing seeds until they are actually sprouted, in this way insuring the germination of the seed, and knowing just how far apart they will be needed. Very rich mellow soil is required for the Japanese morning glory, and an abundance of water. ‘The Japanese water these plants twice or three times a day, and it is safe to say that too much can hardly be given; certain it is that they should never be allowed to dry out. The value of an abundant water supply may be readily demonstrated by letting them dry out for a few days, when the blossoms will be seen to greatly de- crease in size; then, if a very thorough watering be given, the flowers, on the following day, will be found to have nearly doubled in size. Where there is a water system good results may be obtained by running a pipe or hose into the bed, and letting a small stream trickle continuously through it. Liquid manure should be given once a week after the blooming season commences, but not before, and as the Jap- anese morning glory branches freely from the base of the plant, it will be necessary to prune back a portion of this growth so as to restrict it and induce more flowers. The Japanese morning glory requires many times the wall space the common morning glory does and should be planted for best results not more than five feet apart, or rather near; they also require height as well as breadth of space, and unless this is provided the results will not be satisfactory, as, when they have reached the top of the low trellis or building, the tops will droop down over the lower growth and hide it, and, as the plants blossom from the base up, most of the bloom will be obscured. The best location for the morning glory is on the west side of a building, the next best the north. Planted on the east or south of a structure, the early morning sun will close the blossoms before one has a chance to enjoy their beauties, unless they form the habit of early rising to worship at the morning glory’s shrine. Planted on the west and north they will re- main in full beauty the greater part of the forenoon and often all day. In any event, when successfully grown the Japanese morning glory gives many pleasures. February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS LGN ROA Se C Ny So Swe coe von ZA, 6F AWW, move aN aN HE Chickering Piano possesses those qualities which satisfy and will endure. 4 The peculiar charm of its tone has been the despair of its imitators. Q/Its responsive touch and general mechanical perfection make it the favorite instrument alike for teacher and virtuoso. @ Its refinement of finish makes it a thing of artistic beauty, and the absolute honesty in every detail of material and workmanship gives it those staying powers that makes it possible to find Chickering Pianos made in 1826 in good condition to-day. CHICKERING ¢& SONS, 826 Tremont St.," BOSTON Established 1823 Catalogue upon request x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 This “Target-and-Arrow Old g f ~=Style” lin Roof Outlived | the House This house, located in Lynchburg, Virginia, was roofed with our “Target-and-Arrow Old Style” tin about twenty years ago. Recently it was practically all torn down except the roof. The house 1s now rebuilt, but the same old roof covers it. Since the roof was first laid no repairs have been necessary, and when the new house was built under it no eee = work was required on it, not even painting. Another instance of this kind is that of a building in Franklin, Pa., which was covered with our ‘‘ Target-and-Arrow Old Style’’ tin ten years ago. The building was recently torn down, but the tin was found to be in such perfect condition that it was carefully rolled up and set aside and later used on the new building. Our booklet, ‘‘A Guide to Good Roofs,’’ should be in the hands of every prospective builder. We send it free. N. & G. Taylor Company Established 1810 Philadelphia, Pa. EC, OLO STYLE REGISTERED ; ©) Taane Raat NECTALORCO PAILADELPRIA — img pm a sae Ee ee oppress sercrereeesoneenn February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi pose of may be WIFTY-TWO YEARS with the single pur- designing and manufacturing plumbing material exclusively and of making each item as well as it could be made has had its natural result. Q Wolff Plumbing Matcrial has for years been the standard by which architects and owners have judged all plumbing equipment. @ Something of the mastery. of this firm gained from the fact that the L. Wolff Company is the only firm in the busi- ness to-day designing and manufacturing, in its own factories, everything necessary for the com- plete installation of any plumbing contract. L. Wolff Manufacturing Co. ESTABLISHED 1855 Manufacturers of Plumbing Goods rea aby Show Rooms: DENVER Ea) You Can Earn From *3.000 to10,0002 year in the Real Estate Business 91 Dearborn Street CHICAGO TRENTON ny You can do this without capital and without interfering with your present soccupation. Our co-operative methods insure larger and steadier profits than ever before. We will teach you the Real Estate, General Brokerage and Insurance Business by mail, appoint you special representative of the largest international brokerage company, send you lists of choice salable real estate and investments and co-operate with and help you make a large steady income. Every business man should have our Commercial Law Course, which is given free to every real estate student. Our FREE BOOK is valuable and interesting and tells how you can succeed. Address THE CROSS COMPANY, R 906 Reaper Block, CHICAGO Growing Tomatoes for Quality, Quantity, and Earliness is the name of the best booklet ever issued on the subject of tomato culture It contains 30 pages and illustrations fully describing the Potter method of raising tomatoes. By this method you have bigger and better fruit,and weeks earlier than otherwise. It teaches the secret and science of tomato culture, forcing the fruit by systematic cultivation and pruning. This book is invaluable to every gardener, whether he grows one dozen or one thousand vines. The subjects covered are: History of the Tomato; Its Nature and Habit; Tomato Culture in General; The Potter Method; Plants and Planting; Home- grown Plants; Preparing the Ground; Setting the Plants; Culti- vation; Pruning and Staking the Vines; Picking the Fruits ; Ripe Tomatoes at Christmas; 4o Tomato Recipes; Best Tomato Seeds. The information is condensed and to the point—just what every grower wants. The cut herewith shows one of a large number of vines in my ee this season. Notice that each stalk is loaded with large, per- ect fruit from top to bottom, ‘This is the result of my method, It is easy to raise this kind of fruit when you know how. send for my book—price 50 cents, postage or money order. money back if not satisfactory. FREE SEED.—Toevery one ordering my booklet within the next 30 days, I will send FREE with each book one packet each of the best varieties of early and late tomatoes. I make this offer so that you will get ready now for your Spring gardening. Don’t wait until the last minute when the rushis on. Send for my booklet today, and I know you will be thankful that you made such a wise investment. ALR: POTTER, Tomato appeals Dept. B, Downers Grove, Til. Just Your Potash is the connecting link between the soil and heavy crops The most important plant food for vegetable growth is POTASH > “Truck Farming’’ is a valuable pamphlet written by eminent men of scientific training and national reputation. We mail it free to farmers who write for it. GERMAN KALI WORKS 93 Nassau St. New York The Nursery Exchange of New England Does not grow Shrubs, Trees, or Plants, but acts as expert buyer on moderate commission. It has been established by responsible and trained nurserymen of twenty-five years’ experience to buy for customers in any part of the United States the best stock which can be selected only through personal and expert inspection and choice, in the buyer’s interest. This system must commend itself to every buyer, for it guarantees expert and honest service in securing only the choicest material from those who grow it best, free of disease and insect pests; carefully dug and e packed, and absolutely true to name; and, what is im- portant, prompt shipment. Western and Middle State orders filled without exorbitant transportationcharges. We will fill orders at sight for every variety of TREE, SHRUB, or HARDY PLANT, ETC., which is catalogued in this country, and it means from thirty to forty per cent. saving and perfect satisfaction to the buyer, as we charge a minimum commission only on first cost of production. We ask you to write and get special estimates and our general lists. 155 Milk St., cor. Broad Nursery Exchange of New England Boston, Mass. LANDSGAPE WORK 4X2 DESIGN FOR 17 years at the head of the Shady Hil) Nursery Company of Boston, I have had the most personal and expert experience as to all details not only of Landscape design, but of every other phase of practical Arboricul- ture, Construction and Engineering. At small expense, I will visit any place and advise as to planting or improve- ments required, furnishing plans for the same. Plans for medium or small estates furnished by mail promptly, and material selected and furnished from the best grow- ers at first cost, with great saving to buyers. If you con- template any planting or Landscape improvemet, write me first. E. L. BEARD, 155 MILK STREET, BOSTON, MASS. D.au0G.Rose are the best. Always on their own roots. Plants mailed to any point in the United States. Safe arrival guaranteed. Over 50 years’ experience, Flower and Vegetable Seeds a specialty. Write for NEW GUIDE TO ROSE CULTURE for 1907—the leading rose catalogue of America. 114 pages. Mailed free. Describes over 1,000 varieties. Tells how to grow them and all other desirable flowers. Established 1850. 70 greenhouses. THE DINCEE & CONARD CO., West Crove, Pa. “*Sadgwick’s BEST House Plans’ A BEAUTIFUL BOOK 150 New Designs of small, economical homes costing from $500 to $5,000, Price $1. + including sup- plement. COST $2,000 Church Portfolio FREE Charles S. Sedgwick, Arch’t © 1028H Lumber Exch., Minneapolis,Minn. COST $4,000 The Frog Book An interesting 8, practical work on ‘‘How to Breed, Feed and Raise Frogs.°* Sent postpaid for $1.00. cCMMEADOW BROOK FARM cAllendale, N. J. =A Sheep Manure Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bad odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants. $ 4, 0 LARGE BARREL, Cash with Order. e Delivered to your Freight Station. Apply now. The Pulverlzed Manure Go.,21Union Stock Yards, Chicage. xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 Polish Your Mission Furniture AND ALL OTHER FURNITURE with Johnson’s Prepared Wax A perfect preparation for cleaning, preserving and polishing furniture, woodwork and floors. ing, just try $5 Sent cd bind to one address @88NSTRUCTIVE @] Technical Papers BReBON TIMELY TOPICS PRICE, TEN CENTS EACH, BY MAIL ARTIFICIAL STONE. By L. P. Ford. A paper of immense prac- tical value to the architect and builder. Scientific American Supplement 1500. THE SHRINKAGE AND WARPING OF TIMBER. By Harold Busbridge. An excellent presentation of modero views; fully illustrated. Scientific American Supplement 1500. CONSTRUCTION OF AN INDICATING OR RECORD- ING TIN PLATE ANEROID BAROMETER. By N. Monroe Hopkins. Fully illustrated. Scientific American Supplement 1500. DIRECT-VISION SPECTROSCOPES. By T H. Blakesley. M A. An admirably written, instructive and copiously illustrated a'ticle Scientific American Supplement 1493. HOME MADE DYNAMOS Scientific American Supplements 161 and 600 contain excellent articles with full drawings. PLATING DYNAMOS. Scientific American Supplements 720 and 793 describe their construction sc clearly tbat any amateur can make them DYNAMO AND MOTOR COMBINED. Fully described and illustrated in Scientific American Supplements 844 and 865. Thc machines can be run either as dynamos os motors ELECTRICAL MOTORS. Their Construction ar Home. Scientific American Supplements 759, 761. 767, 641. Order through your newsdealer or from Munn & Ge.. 361 Broadway, New York refinish all wood. Write for it today, mentioning edition AH2. S. C. JOHNSON @ SON, Racine, Wis. “The Wood-Finishing Authorities” RUEPPLPPREPPREPPPEPAPPS Rel = American Homes and Gardens Fig $6 and Scientific American PS LLL SLRS CRSP PSL PSLPSPPSS It is in paste form, and should be applied with a cloth and rubbed to a polish with a clean, dry cloth. It cleans and polishes with one operation, bringing out the natural beauty of the wood and producing that beau- tiful SEMIL-DULL WAX FINISH which will not crack, blister, peel off, show scratches or catch the dust and dirt. Marred spots may be retouched without going over the entire surface. It may be applied upon all fur- niture, no matter how finished. It saves work, worry and expense. The next time your furniture needs polish- Johnson’s Prepared Wax “A Complete Finish and Polish for All Wood” For Furniture, Woodwork and Floors Johnson’s Prepared Wax is sold by all dealers in paint; 10 and 25 cent packages and large size cans. We will be pleased to send you free a 10 cent can of our Prepared Wax for four cents in stamps. Our 48 page color book, “The Proper Treatment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture,’ tells how to finish and Price Study Architecture EASY LESSONS, or Stepping Stone to ARCHITECTURE. By THOS. MITCHELL. = & A simple text book telling in aseries of plain and simple answers to questions all about the various orders as well as the general principles of con- struction. The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy cream plate paper and illus- trated by 150 engravings, amongst which are illustra- tions of various historic build- ings. The book is 12mo. in size, and is attractively bound in cloth. ye os Price, 50c. post Paid. MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York City FEBRUARY GARDEN NOTES By Eben E. Rexford HILE it is too early in the season to do any actual work in the garden, it is not too early to plan the work which will soon be upon us with a rush. If it comes before we have made full preparation for it, quite likely a good deal of it will be slighted in the hurry of the moment. ‘There is no excuse for a poor garden under ordinary conditions. “The average garden may be made a good one if the owner of it is will- ing to give it proper attention. “This means thorough preparation of the soil for the re- ception of seed, the application of reliable fertilizers in liberal quantities, careful seed- sowing, and no quarter to weeds. ‘This does not call for a great amount of labor or of time, and is not a matter of great expense. Of course, many persons are so situated that the little piece of ground they call a garden is hardly equal to the dignity of the title bestowed upon it, but it is a great deal better than no garden at all. Those who have nothing but a little back yard often fail to do anything with it because of its insig- nificance, and the unfavorable conditions which generally prevail there. The ground is always willing to do its share of work as best it can, and plants are always willing to do their share if given half a chance, and, if we are willing to do what we can to help matters along, the most unpromising back yard may be made some- thing more than a mere apology for a garden. Anyway, it “pays” to clean it up once a year if nothing is planted in it. But don’t let the matter end with the annual cleaning up. Spade up the soil. ‘Turn it up to the sunshine —if there happens to be any—and let that and the air sweeten, and purify, and mellow it. Add something that has the elements of plant-growth in it, and work it over and over until it is as fine as it can be made. ‘Then plant something in it. It may be vegetables, or it may be flowers, but make the attempt to grow something. You may not succeed in growing anything that you would care to enter for a prize at an agricultural fair, but you can grow really good specimens of veg- etables and flowers in places where few per- sons would look for favorable results. “The average back yard is a most forbidding place, so far as appearances go, but it is possible to make it attractive and even profitable. Those who can have “a real garden,” and who have other work to take up most of their time, ought to plan for economizing labor in it. Do not lay it out in little narrow beds, as we have been in the habit of doing, but plant it in rows. This will enable you to make good use of the wheel-hoe and culti- vator. Let the rows run the entire length of the garden, that the turns made in culti- vating may be as few as possible. Plan to get all possible benefit of the sun- shine. This you can do by planting tall- growing plants, like corn, pole-beans, and climbing peas, at the north. Graduate your plants according to their habit of growth, to- ward the south, so that all of them may have an equal chance at the warmth of the sun. If you propose to set out such plants as asparagus or rhubarb, which require perma- nent quarters, put them at one side where they will not interfere with the proper cultivation of annual plants. Locate them where they can be cared for well, of course, but keep them out of that part of the garden which must be spaded or plowed up each season. The above advice applies with equal force February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xi Over 7,000 Kewanee Water Sly Systems have been installed in the last ten years for City and Country Homes, Farms, Public Institutions, Office Buildings, Factories, and Small © Cities ; G If you contempt installing a one Water Supply Plant, or if you are dissatished with your present wa- ter service write us; Q We carry in cock complete Kewanee Water Supply Outfits to meet almost any Tequinemie:nt ; ( If our stock designs do not fit your conditions, we will design one especially for you and guarantee it to produce satisfactory results; Q Nothing is too small to receive our best attention and nothing is too large for our facilities. Every Kewanee Outfit is Absolutely Guaranteed Catalogue Contains Full Particulars SEND FOR IT——F REE——ADDRESS DRAWER. KK Kewanee Water Supply Company New York KEWANEE, ILL. Chicago PUBLISHED THE NEW AGRICULTURE By T. BYARD COLLINS HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have taken place in American agricultural methods which are transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. In brief, the Contents are as follows CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the great West, and also hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not hitherto been found necessary. CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inocu- lating the soil by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria, CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awakening to the importance of canals and good roads, and their relation to economy and social well-being. CHAPTER V._ Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. CHAPTER VI. _ Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world, CHAPTER VII. Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modifications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it, CHAPTER X _ Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. MUNN @& CO., Publishers “ 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 8vo. Cloth. 376 Pages 100 Illustrations Price, $2.00, Postpaid XIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 Include a Fireplace in your Living Room i We furnishTrue C oO lo n ial Fire- places designed i In moulded brick or boulder effects entirely Also And- appropriate to your rooms. irons and Fireplace Fittings. You will be interested in our large, illustrated Design-Book, mailed FREE at your request Colonial Fireplace Co. 9537 W. 12th Street Chicago } 2 JUS TP Ul BE 1 SH ED W ALL PAPERS @ WALL COVERINGS cA PRACTICAL HANDBOOK For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Build- ers and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illustrations showing the latest designs. By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS Extract from Preface The author has endeavored to include char- acteristic designs in vogue to-day, and to give reliable information as to the choice of wall papers as well as to describe the practical methods of applying them. In dealing with matters concerning decoration there is always the danger of leaning too much toward an ideal and of overlooking the practical requirements of commercial life. The author hopes that he has been successful in avoiding this fault, and that his book will be regarded as both practical and useful. One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. Price, $2 cCMUNN 6& CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK For over 50 years we have been selling only tested seeds—seeds that we guarantee to be fresh, YY pure andreliable. To-day thousands of farmers and gardeners rely upon Gregory’s Seeds—know fora certainty they are sure growers, Our free catalogue is now ready. It contains lots of in- formation of value to farmers and gardeners. = J. J. H. GREGORY & SON, Marblehead, Mass. FREE HairFood TRIAL BOX To Prove its Worth ES The ONLY WAY to tell the cause of falling hair in men and women is to make a MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION of the hair. When the DISEASE is KNOWN the CURE CAN BE PRESCRIBED. Send a few hairs to Prof. J. H. Austin, the 30 years’ Scalp Specialist and Bacteriologist and receive ABSOLUTELY FREE, a diagnosis of your case, a booklet on Care of Hair and *scalp and a box of the Remedy which he will prepare for you. Enclose 2 cent postage and write to-day. PROF. J. H, AUSTIN, 1321 McVicker'’s Theatre Bldg., Chicago, Ub to the location of small fruits, like the cur- rant, and the gooseberry, and the grape. These should be given a place in all gardens, if pos- sible to do so, but they should be kept entirely apart from all one-season plants. What vegetables should the beginner in gardening to attempt the cultivation of? That would depend largely on the garden. If of sufficient size to warrant it, plant all the standard sorts, in small quantities. Do this as an experiment, with a view to finding out what the place is best adapted for. Some will fail, perhaps. Some will reward your efforts with a bountiful crop. Next season you will know more about your garden than you do this, and each season thereafter the element of experiment will give place to a certainty born of intelligent observation, and a growing knowledge of conditions which every gardener has to find out for himself. If the garden is a small one, I would advise its owner to confine his selection of varieties to such sorts as require but little room and are generous in development, like lettuce, for instance, which produces large quantities on a tiny bit of ground; or radishes, which do not ask for much room; or early onions, which can stand thick in the row. A con- sultation of the catalogues of the seedsmen will enable you to select kinds which seem best adapted to a concentrated form of gardening. But don’t attempt to grow radishes, lettuce, or any other vegetable which must make quick development in order to be satisfactory, in a shady location, or on soil that will not re- spond promptly. These plants must be given a soil that is light, mellow, and warm, and it must be so rich that they go rapidly ahead, after once getting a start. Success depends on rapid and steady development, and this can only come about by making conditions favorable. beets, and other vegetables used as ‘greens,’ can be grown in fair quantities on a small piece of ground. Indeed, those having good-sized gardens will hardly care to devote much space to their cultivation, for they must be used while young and tender, and large beds of them would grow many more than the ordinary family would care to use. Spinach, A correspondent writes: “I am a green- horn at gardening. I want to plant quite a good many vegetables, however, but I don’t know what varieties to get. The catalogues everything else—that I get bewildered in try- ing to make a choice. Help me out, please.” My advice is this: Read the catalogues over carefully, not one catalogue, but several, and you will find that all of them describe certain varieties of vegetables in common; that is, sorts whose merits are so pronounced that all dealers are obliged to supply them to meet the yearly demand. Each dealer will be pretty sure to have very flattering things to say about special varieties which he controls, but all will admit the value of certain stand- ard varieties. “These are the kinds the garden- ing public depends on, and these are the kinds the amateur gardener will do well to con- fine his selection to. They are standbys. The special kinds which the dealers call your attention to with such lavish use of adjectives, mostly in the superlative degree, may be quite as good as the old standard sorts—possibly better—but that remains to be proved. You will be wise in choosing the kinds about whose merits there is no doubt. It is the same with flowers. Each year the dealers make a great flourish of verbal trumpets over their “novelties.” Because so A: R: ELLIS -ARCHIPVEGs Expert advice and service * Special Designs for Residences, Alterations, Bungalows, Interior Decoration, Grounds and Pergolas in any section + Consultation * and * ‘Correspondence + Solicit ed * 75+ PRATT - STREET HARTFORD * CONNNECTICUT Take off your Hat to the For See nee need-Hand or Power Ha SSio1 Qaality and pabe, te te 9 oe eee aga pears always got GAbyouzimeeeeys women's and ® argain besides wi you buy from 380-Page Catalog with close prices ae =" P. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio FINELY POLISHED PLAIN OR ORNAMENTAL BS Most economical, healthful and satisfactory— for old or new floors—differ- FLOORS ent patterns to match fur- nishings—outwear carpets. Prices and Pattern Catalog FREE, Stocks carried in leading cities. n THE INTERIOR HARDWOOD CO.. Mfrs.. Indianapolis. Ind. BUILD AT Cost | Town or COUNTRY W. H. A. HORSFALL, Arcurrect 18 anD 20 EasT 42D STREET TEL. 2968 - 38TH SPECIAL OFFER to Garpenters BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES IVES PATENT WINDOW VENTI- fr LATING LOCK. A Safeguard] forVentilating Rooms. Pure », Good Health and Rest Assured, | \. To introduce this article, Four I Ventilating Locks in Genuine |} z Bronze, Brass or Antique Cop- | New York, N. ¥. eo any address prepaid for One » Dollar. Will include a forty- page Hardware Catalogue and \j i == Working Model to carpenters = who wish the agency to canvass for its sale. Address “The H.B. Ives Co.” “Aven: Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE @ STABLE WORKS#¥ JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. PATENTED sam, standing Seam ro ROOF IRONS CLINCH right chrough the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs. SEND FOR CIRCULAR BERGER BROS. CO. PHILADELPHIA PATENTED February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS KV N ORGANIZATION OLART steep \- ai \_ UPHOLETERY renee canpantay—{ rare on) HANGINGS core }—Ftoor ooverinas’ |} Boas too Prtoone. / FURNITURE mosaics LIDHTING FIXTURES! GUPERINTENDENOR HOGOSON BROTHERS-CONTRACT DESIOWERG ‘V Gasv sovw cveesT, ow rem The above diagram shows the organization of a firm whose business it is to select and supervise every phase of building work, from the original plans to the smallest detail of the furnishing and decoration. The contract under which this firm undertakes work offers the following advantages: 1.—It provides for the selection of those men, methods and materials best qualified for the particular work contemplated: 2.—It gives these men intelligent superintendence: 3.—It guarantees a limit of expense: 4.—It gives the owner the benefit of trade rates and shop costs: 5.—It allows the owner the widest choice of selection, and thus permits the employment of all available local services: 6.—It assumes responsibility to the owner for the work in its entirety and— 7.—It relieves the owner of all technical detail and trouble, and thus enables him to devote his attention to his regular work. A copy of this building contract will be mailed on request. Hoggson Brothers Contracting Designers New York: 9 East Forty-Fourth Street New Haven: S/ Church Street Hartford: Connecticut Mutual Building Penny Wise Pound Foolish Parsimony~ in paint is expensive economy. Paint costs little but preserves materials that cost much. The loss from decay~ that can be prevented by~ timely use of paint can never be made good——-which means, it pays to use paint freely. And when you use paint let it be the kind that looks best and protects longest, that is, paint containing an adequate proportion of OXIDE OF ZINC. Our Pamphlet, “Paint: Why, How and When” (free to property owners) explains the matter. THE NEW JERSEY ZINC CO. 21 Broadway, New York We do not grind zinc in oil. A list of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application. Just Published Tenth Edition CONTAINING THE 5 ly T Via. A THE CONQUEROR, No. 4 J. A. FAY & EGAN C Mills and Yards, Foster City, Michigan. Our GREATEST ACHIEVEMENT IN SANDERS i if i q Sees SS) NUE MN Pesca acsue nat Co cael CINCINNAY and platen can lever convenient operator. The feed is driven by train of heavy expansion gearing. The feed roll frame be raised and lowered independently by au- tomatic mechanism thrown into gear by to XXV XXVv1 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 $13.00 VALUE FOR $5.00 HOUSE and GARDEN, year’s subscription - - - = AMERICAN COUNTRY HOMES AND THEIR GARDENS, a magnificent work equivalent to any book sold at, The Magazine $10.00 Total value, Special Offer We willsend current issue of House and Garden and copy of American Country Homes and Their Gardens prepaid for exami- nation. If satisfactory remit $5.00; if not, return at our expense. House & Garden is the most beautifully illustrated and printed monthly magazine in America. Brimfulof practical plans and ideas for both house and garden. Architects’ and landscape gardeners’ plans are reproduced and made available for the general reader. Every phase of artistic interior decoration is shown by photographic reproductions. If you are build- ing a house, decorating a room, or fixing up your garden or lawn, House and Garden will instruct you how to make one dollar do the work of two. It will earn its subscription price many times over, no matter what home it goes into, American Country Homes and Their Gardens A magnificent new subscription work, edited by John Cordis Baker, with introduction by Donn Barber. Four hundred and twenty superb photographic illustrations (many full page) of the most attractive estates in the country, both large and small—houses, interiors,and gardens, These have been selected from all parts of the United States, and are the masterpieces of the foremost architects and landscape gardeners. For those about to build, or lay out their grounds, this book is a veritable mine of practical suggestions; and itis just as invaluable to those who desire to redecorate their homes and to improve their gardens, It is a sumptuous ornament for any library. sound in handsome cloth, with gold and ink stamping, 226 pages, frontispiece in colors. This book weighs over 4 pounds, and costs 35 cents to mail, It was made to be worth $10.00, and even at this price is the best book of its kind ever published, Equal of any book sold at $10.00 Special Offer: Cut off the coupon, sign your name and address and mail it to us, WITHOUT MONEY. We willimmediately ship you ‘‘American Country Homes and Their Gar- dens’? and copy of current issue of ‘‘ House and Garden.” If the book and magazine are satisfactory, remit $5.00 within 5 days, or return the book at our expense. THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO. 1006 Arch Street Philadelphia DINING ROOM The Plan of Your New Home may be safely left in the hands of your architect, but your own taste _ Should be reflected in matters of important decorative detail. One of these is the selection of the Hardware Trimmings. Because they are permanent and prominent they are hardly less important than pictures and tapestries. SARGENT?’S jaraware offers a wide range of decorative possibility, and the real economy of life long wear. Sargent’s Easy Spring Locks are most positive in action; most permanent in service. ““Sargent’s Book of Designs’”’ enables you to select with surety and satisfaction hardware trimmings in keeping with any style of architecture or any character of inte- rior finish. It is sent complimentary. : SARGENT & CO., 159 Leonard Street, New York. In this respect the book is disappointing and grievously so, for the attractive quality of most of the houses is very great and most people would be thoroughly content with a moderate income could they but own one. It emphasizes anew as it is being constantly emphasized in these days of high-priced ma- terials and powerful labor unions that beauti- ful houses can only be obtained by liberal ex- penditures. In other words a good-looking house represents not only ingenuity and skill in design but large cost. And the cost is al- most invariably proportionate to the size, a cir- cumstance partly due to the inherent costliness of beauty, partly to the fact that those who desire beautiful houses are ready to pay the price. Apart from this, however, the book can be read and studied with profit by every one in- terested in houses. ‘The text consists of four chapters, “The Home from Outside,” by W. H. Bidlake; ‘“The Interior and its Furniture,” by Halsey Ricardo; “Some Decorative Essen- tials,” by John Cash, and “Sanitation,” by the same architect. “These gentlemen discuss their special topics with vigor and point; each has something to say and they say it in an attrac- tive way. It is a book not only to be looked at, but to be read. It is brimful of helpful suggestions, of sane ideas, of excellent art. It is in many ways a notable contribution to the literature of contemporary domestic architec- ture: THE GARDEN AND ITS AccEssorizcs. By Lor- ing Underwood. Boston, Mass.: Little, Browne & Co. Pp. 215. Price, $2.00 net. Mr. Loring Underwood has added another book to garden art in the very handsome edi- tion which he has presented to the accessories of a garden. The book consists mostly of illustrations, showing on one page a sun-dial or a fountain, with text on the preceding page. The text is full of information as to the placing of the various “accessories” in a garden. ‘The book is divided into chapters with a general study of a garden, followed by a treatment of the sun- dial, fountain, pool, pergola, arbor, lantern, seats, statuary, wells, and every conceivable form of ornament for a garden. The book is well worthy of consideration from those who are not familiar with garden work, and who require assistance in the selection and the plac- ing of garden accessories. ce PVOBVSSB SBOVe8 AMERICAN HOMES and GARDENS =—— 421d ———— SCIENGIETE AMERICAN will be sent to one address for $5.00 POO PPBE m) BD a5 & >) a, Edeaeae (Foy) Creg) RF Regular Price... $6.00 VES BOGUS US GBS S SDSUDEGOS DEBE BSBSSOGGooGoOGoo February, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XXvii E wise like me, W hate er you do Do not forget The Sliding Shoe Specify These Brands Don’t select your ROOFING TIN on hear-say. select your roof covering, and you'll get exactly what you pay for; while the life of the roof will depend largely upon the selection you make. Chairs are upright, you’re never * spilled ’? When using The Sliding Shoe. And what is The Sliding Shoe? Tu whit! Tu whoo! See The Sliding Shoe, Casters are gone to the rear. Rugs and carpets will wear ‘ you say, And never will tear Why is it better than the usual When using The Sliding Shoe. way? No longer the floors with marks Jet us send you the facts and are filled, then you’ll know, Casters are gone, their ‘‘goose We have the goods and are is killed,’’ ready to show. SEE THAT YOUR FURNITURE IS ‘‘ WELL SHOD’’ USE THE SLIDING SHOE THE FAIR MFG. CO. rat's, Racine, Wis. It is for your interest to investigate The Sliding Shoe also the d.facement of your floors SERIOUSLY: Save your valu ible carfets @ nd rugs, Write for Our Book Plants and Plans for Beautiful Surroundings It is full of invaluable information, illustrations of flowers and beautiful lawns, It shows how the modest as well as the most f extensive grounds can easily be made charming and attractive, There is nothing more pleasing and delightful to cultured taste than artistic and properly planted grounds, We grow and import all of the choicest hardy plants, shrubs, trees, box and bay trees for creating beautiful landscape effects in formal or natural landscape gardening. Write now, lest you forget. Wagner Park Conservatories Box 207 Sidney, Ohi Cabot’s Shingle Stains For Shingles and all Rough Woodwork Are 50% cheaper than paint Cost 50% less to apply Look 100% handsomer than paint The colors are softer and richer, nearer to nature than paint, and ‘‘wood treated with Creosote is not subject to dry-rot or other decay.’’—Century Dictionary. Samples on wood and litho-watercolor chart of Stained Houses sent free on request SAMUEL CABOT, 131 Milk Street, Boston, Mass. Agents all over the country ‘*QUILT,’’ the warmest sheathing paper Our brands are enumerated below. x AAAAA <¢ 40 POUNDS Ware AMERICAN NUMETHODD B 40 POUNDS COATING go AAA % 30 POUNDS COATING AMERICAN SPECIAL 15 POUNDS COATING AMERICAN Ic 8 POUNDS COATING [RETAIN THIS FOR REFERENCE] 32 POUNDS COATING First specify, then watch for these Brands and you’re sure to get exactly what you order NOL ee 17) Sy > A ¢ v a) 20 POUNDS COATING AMERICAN NUMETHODD Fe 20 POUNDS COATING oS AAAA Ye, 35 POUNDS COATING AMERICAN NUMETHODD D 30 POUNDS COATING N OL ee r») = AA 25 POUNDS COATING AMERICAN EXTRA 42 POUNDS COATING AMERICAN 1X 8 POUNDS COATING American Sheet & Tin Plate Company, FRICK BUILDING, AD-EL-ITE REGISTERED WORKS LIKE AD-EL-ITE Paint and Varnish Remover takes off old paint surface, Never Put On Any Kind of New Finish Over the Old Finish The removal of the old finish is absolutely necessary in re- finishing all kinds of wood, no matter what finish is to be ap- plied, if a satisfactory, smooth, new surface is to be obtained. and varnish, wax, and shellac from any Apply with a brush—wipe off with arag; the old finish comes off with it clean to the wood; no odor, no stain, no injury to the hands or finest fabric ‘ does not injure the grain of the wood nor evaporate from the wood before the work is finished. Dept. K e Specify the weight of coating as well as the Brand when you're ready to “Off with the Old makes old furniture, floors, picture frames, and all woodwork new. her home by using Ad-El-Ite One-Coat Dull Finish It produces the only modern and up-to-date finish that will not scratch or mar; CHICAGO, ILL. The AD-EL-ITE People PITTSBURGH, f ADELITRE H Dit H Wi’ VARNISH * f REMOVER {J |= ie WontsT stanoano or [4 On with the | AD-EL-ITE One-Coat Dull Finish—The Original Mis- sion Finish—All Shades— Anyone can beautify his or gives a permanent color that does not wear off or fade, and when used on hardwood floors no wax is required, Send us the nameand address of your paint dealer and get Free sample of Ad-El-Ite Paint and Varnish Remover and Booklet containing valuable hints on how to beautify every room in the house, XXVIil First Talk to Building Material Manufacturers VERY Manufacturer of Building Materials should advertise his product to four classes of people: 1—Those who are actually building or about to build, especially Home Builders 2—The Architects 3—The Local Builders and Contractors 4—The “ Dealers ” @ The quickest, easiest and only sure way to reach the first class is to use publications like Country Life in America, Suburban Life, American Homes and Gardens, and Keith’s Magazine—and no Building Material Manu- facturer who makes a product that is or should be in homes costing from $2000 to $10,000 can afford not to use Keith’s Magazine, because Keith’s is the only magazine on “Home Building” which makes a specialty of homes costing from $2000 to $10,000. (| -Another point is that there is absolutely no waste in the 10,000 monthly circulation of Keith’s Magazine; every copy goes to an actual prospective Home Builder. The advertising rate is very low in proportion to the character and quantity of circulation—only $60 per page per issue. (| The Journal of Modern Construction is an equally unique medium for advertising Building Materials on a national scale to the 2d, 3d and 4th classes—the Archi- tects, Builders and Contractors, and the Dealers—and no Building Material Manufacturer can afford to leave it off his list, because it is the only technical monthly publica- tion that is exclusively devoted to Building Materials and Methods and edited for the particular benefit of this class of readers. The circulation averages 7500 copies per month. Advertising rates, $50 per page, with a liberal scale of discounts. (| For these reasons Keith’s Magazine and Journal of Modern Construction enable any Building Material Man- ufacturer not only to reach the actual Home Builders of the country and so create and stimulate the demand for his products, but also to reach the leading Architects, Builders and Dealers of the country and, in this way, to show them how and why they should supply this demand. (| The total yearly cost for a page ad. in each publication every month for a year is only $1,194. (| We also help you plan and prepare your Copy. (| If you are interested, write for details, sample copies, rate cards, etc. A rk txtk~ PUBLISHER Established 1889 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Pe FREE ee ¥ s00 5 TAT OF ey eT) ah. bys AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS February, 1907 Cottage Designs HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within the reach of all who have an interest in the building of homes. The designs are compiled with a view to representing all grades of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given covering nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, in inexpensive homes. No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been erected, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with details of interior and exterior finish, all drawn to convenient scale, and accompanied by brief specifications. Illustrated with 58 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 2. Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally costing from $750 to $2,500, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and details of construction, all drawn to scale, together with brief descriptions and, in many instances, full specifications and detailed estimates of cost. Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,000 to $5,000; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions, from photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates, of floor plans, elevations and details. ‘No. 4. Suburban Homes Details with G onstructive Comprising twenty selected designs of attractive suburban homes, ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward ; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of the completed structures, and 75 full-page plates of plans, elevations and details, ONE DOLLAR EACH, POSTPAID (SOLD SEPARATELY) Publishers of MUNN: & CO... ssgeskaces 361 Broadway, New York “American Ilomes and Gardens Bound Volumes N response to many requests of both new and old subscribers we have caused a beautiful design to be pre- pared and expensive register dies cut so as to produce a most artistic cover. The beautiful green cloth is most sub- stantial, and the book is sewn by hand to give the necessary strength for so heavy a volume. (| The decoration of the cover isunique. Thereare five colors of imported composition leaf and inks, artistically blended. It is hardly possible to give an idea of this beautiful cover. The top edges of the book are gilded. Price. $3.50 for the semi-annual volume of 1905, containing the first six issues published of this period- ical. xs Price, $5.00 for the 1906 volume containing all the numbers of the year. Prepaid to any address in the United States or Canada. -AMERICAN | OMES -AND HARDENS “| (| For those who have the numbers we have prepared a limited number of cases which are identical with those used on the bound volumes. Any bookbinder can sew the book in the case for a moderate price. We will send this case, strongly packed, for $1.50. Wunn & Company, 361 Broadway, Sew York MARCH, 19070 eee ow MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers cae KIMBALL PIPE ORGANS FOR RESIDENCES KEES FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL The W. W. Kimball Co. point with pride to the many residence pipe organs installed by them, among which are the following: Evergreens, Shrubs, Roses, Hardy Plants All the Best and Hardiest Varieties. Largest and Most Varied Collections in America. Mrs. Nicholas Senn, Chicago. Mr. H. O. Stone, New York. Mrs. Geo. M. Pullman, Chicago. Mr. Edwin Norton, New York. Mr. Thomas Lowry, Minneapolis. Mr. H. G. Selfridge, Lake Geneva. Mrs. W. W. Kimball, Chicago. Mr. W. I. Pratt, Iowa City, Ia. Gen. Henry O. Strong, Lake Geneva. Gen. Henry O. Strong, Santa Barbara. Mr. R. E. Tod, New York. Mr.-M. Beltzhoover, Ardsley-on-Hudson, N. Y. Mr. P. A. Valentine, Chicago. Mrs. Benjamin, Milwaukee. Mr. Geo. Christian, y Minneapolis. Mig “:» \ Mrs. W. J. Young, ' & f= KIMBALL P/PE\OAGAN WITH SOLOIST, UPPER HALL OF Clinton, Iowa. - \\ PRIVATE RESIDENCE ELLWANGER & BARRY Nurserymen—Horticulturists L MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES Established 1840 ROCHESTER NEW YORK Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue (144 pages), also Descriptive List of Novelties and Special- ties with beautiful colored plate of the New Hardy White Rose SNOW QUEEN (Frau Karl Druschki), mailed FREE on request. ALCOHOL ITS MANUFACTURE ITS DENATURIZATION - ITS INDUSTRIAL USE THE KIMBALL SOLOIST “Sfs.a_new feature for residence pipe organs and is the world’s most remarkable achieve- ment ineself-playing devices. It enables the performer to execute solo parts like the flute, oboe, clarinet, violin, etc., and to furnish simultaneously the orchestral accom- paniment. Its operation is direct and perfect. Everything which is possible to the professional organist can be attained by the amateur using the ordinary rolls or con- trollers and does not require rolls of specia/ manufacture, thus placing the entire library of music at the instant disposal of the owner of a “‘Soloist’’ organ. The “‘Soloist,’? or solo device, may be built in any organ, and in no way inter- feres with the instrument manually, and is equally efficient for the expression of the various shades and varieties of musical thought by the master organist or the amateur using the self-playing attachment. For further particulars write Pipe Organ Dept. / ~ The Cost of Manufacturing Denatur- ized Alcohol in Germany and Ger- man Methods of Denaturization are discussed by Consul-General Frank H. Mason in Scientific American Supplement 1550. The Use, Cost and Efficiency of Alcohol asa Fuel for Gas Engines are ably explained by H. Diedrichs in Scientific American Supplement 1596. Many clear dia- grams accompany the text. The article con- siders the fuel value and physical properties of alcohol, and gives details of the alcohol engine wherever they may be different from those of gasoline or crude oil motor. The Production of Industrial Alcohol and Its Use in Explosive Motors are treated at length in Scientific American Supplement 1581, valuable statistics being given of the cost of. manufacturing alcohol from farm products and using it in engines. French Methods of Denaturization constitute the subject of a good article pub- Include a lished in Scientific American Supplement 1599. How Industrial Alcohol is Made and Fireplace Used in y our is told very fully and clearly in No. 3, Vol. 95, of the Scientific American. Living The Most Complete Treatise on the Ro om ) Modern Manufacture of Alcohol We furnishTrue explaining thoroughly the chemical principles which underlie the process, without too many Colonial Fire- places designed in wearisome technical phrases, and describing moulded brick or boulder effects entirely New York Office 150 Fifth Ave. W. W. KIMBALL & CO. (Established 1857) Chicago Office 239-253 Wabash Ave. 18 D.&C. Roses for $1.00 Our “KILLARNEY Cole lection’? for 1907 surpasses any Rose Collection heretofore offered. 18 magnificent Rose Plants on their own roots, sent postpaid any- where for S1.00. No two alike and all labeled. Will bloom continuously this year. One of the 18 is a strong, thrifty plant of : “KILLARNEY’—a hardy, pink, > ever-blooming Irish hybrid tea rose; with- out question the most exquisite garden rose ever produced. The **KITLLARNEY Collection’? also includes a strong plant each of the Souvenir De Pierre Notting, & magnificent new yellow tea rose; Souvenir De Francis Gualain, a rich, velvety, crimson tea rose; and the superb White Maman Cochet. Safe delivery and satisfaction guaranteed. Orders booked for delivery when and illustrating all the apparatus required in an alcohol plant, is published in Scientific American Supplements 1603, 1604 and 1605. The article is by L. Baudry de Saunier, the well-known French authority. directed. Mention this magazine when ordering and we will send check for 25 cents good as cash on a future order. To all who ask forit, whether ordering the above collection or not, we will send our appropriate to your rooms. Also And- irons and Fireplace Fittings. In Supplements 1607, 1608 and 1609 we publish a digest of the rules and regulations under which the United States Internal Rev- enue will permit the manufacture and dena- New Guide to Rose Culture turization of tax-free alcohol. for 1907 —the Leading Rose Catalogue of America. 114 pages. Tells how to grow and describes the famous D. & C. Roses and all other flowers worth growing. Offers a complete list of FLOWER and VEGETABLE Seeds at lowestcost. Ask fora copy— it’s FREE. e e ‘ sTHe aces & cONARD co., Colonial Fireplace Co. 2537 W. 12th Street You will be interested in our large, illustrated Design-Book, mailed FREE at your request ANY SINGLE NUMBER of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN or SUPPLEMENT will be sent for 10 cents by mail. The entire set of papers above listed will be mailed on receipt of Chi $1.10. Order from your newsdealer or from 1cag0 Munn & Co., Publishers, 861 Broadway, New York West Grove, Pa. Est. 1850. 70 Greenhouses. March, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS i supe Sel 2) home. ditions and immaculate cleanliness follow. Its one-piece construction, without joints or crevices, insures immunity from the accumulation of impurities. prevents the adhesion of dust and dirt. OUR bathroom equipped with “Standard” Porcelain Enameled Ware is an absolute guarantee of perfect sanitation in the Wherever ‘Staredard” Ware is installed hygienic con- Its snow-white surface Its iron strength and china smoothness are an assurance of life-long service and make it the most economical ware to install. Our Book, “MODERN BATHROOMS,” tells you how to plan, buy and arrange your bathroom, and illustrates many beautiful and inexpensive as well as luxurious rooms, showing the cost of each fixture in detail, together with many hints on decoration, tiling, etc. It is the most complete and beautiful booklet ever issued on the subject, and contains 100 pages. FREE for six cents postage, and the name of your plumber and architect (if selected). The ABOVE FIXTURES, No. P-23, can be purchased from any plumber at a cost approximating $445.50—not counting freight, labor or piping—and are described in detail among the others. Louisville, 325-329 West Main Street CAUTION: Every piece of “Standard” Ware bears our “Standard” ““GREEN and GOLD’’ guarantee label, and has our trade-mark “Standard” cast on the outside. Unless the label and trade-mark are on the fixture tt is not “Stavdard” Ware. Refuse substitutes—they are all inferior and will cost you more in the end. The word “Standard” is stamved on all our nickeled brass fittings ; specify them and see that you get the genuine trim- mings with your bath and lavatory, etc. actress Standard Sanitary TM)fg, Co. Dept. 23, Pittsburgh, U.S. A. Offices and Showrooms in New York: ‘Standard’ Building, 35-37 West 31st Street London, England, 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. Pittsburg Showroom, 949 Penn Avenue New Orleans, Cor. Baronne and St. Joseph Streets Cleveland, 208-210 Huron Street ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1907 The Social Sconrocue The poisonous sting of this subtle card game _ has wrecked nervous systems, broken up homes, killed hospitality. Loss of sleep and money and friendship— these, and more, it has left in its wake. Every man and woman who is interested in the doings of “high society” will want to read this fascinating article by Anne Rittenhouse, with drawings by The Kinneys, in . BROADWAY |. ~ MAGAZINE Who'll Be the Next President ? Parkhurst the Isaiah of Broad- Roosevelt? Maybe Hughes? Has way. If New York doesn t reform, gee rae it won't be because Dr. Charles Henry eee i orange a eran an Parkhurst hasn’t made the way clear. the brilliant writer on political sub- From a clerk in a dry-goods store— jects, has written down a keen, well- 444 you'll want to read «the whole balanced utterance on present-day story. It is the sanest, keenest esti- New York politics that will provoke mate of this pugnacious Presbyterian discussion all over the United States. preacher ever penned. — Illustrated Illustrated with portraits. with portraits. Eight Sparkling Short Stories—Personalities—News From Theatre-Land— The Sharper Edge-—-Current Comments—Beautiful Illustrations. BROADWAY MAGAZINE $1.50 3,5 &7 W. 22d Street New York City 15¢ a Copy So Popular is this Harttord Mantel @& oe we want you to know more [- about it. Study the clean cut, chaste lines, picture it in a beautiful green, the rough tile adding so much to its beauty and_pictur- esqueness. Its price is moderate and any mason can set it for you. Our catalog M shows many other good designs; write for it. MARTFORD rATENCE COMPANY, Hartford, Conn. When You Figure the Cost of Home Building remembe1 that the selection of the best hardware trimmings— Sargent’s Artistic Hardwate— will be the most economical in theend. Aside from its artistic beauty it is thoroughly sub- stantial. ‘The Easy Spring Principle of Sargent’s Locks reduces friction and is a guarantee of honest wear as long as the building stands. SARGENT’S Book of Designs Sent Free This is a beautifully em- bossed book showing fifty- eight perfect half-tone repro- ductions of Sargent’s Artistic Hardware in Colonial, Greek, Gothic, Italian, Roman, Ren- aissance and other designs. It will help you select the design that best suits your taste or the architectural style you have in mind. ‘This is an expensive book, and a valuable one to you, but it’s freely yours for the asking. SARGENT & CO., 156 Leonard St., New York JUST PUBLISHED THIRD EDITION OF KIDDER’S Churches m Chapels By F. E. KIDDER, Architect This edition has been thoroughly revised by the author, and enlarged, many new designs being added, including several new designs for Catholic churches. There are 120 illustrations in the text and more than 50 full-page plates. The book con- tains a large number of plans and per- spectives of churches of varying costs. Besides this there is much concise and practical information relating to planning and seating; details of Construction, Heating and Ventilation, Acoustics, etc., making it in its present form : : : : The Best American Book on Church Design and Construction One oblong quarto volume. Price, net, $3.00 Munn & Co,, 361 Broadway, New Pork City March, 1907 (iaelovEn TT LITTLE SILVER, N. J. OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS 2.222% AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ill HALL CLOCKS That are beautiful in design, finest in con- struction, richest in tone of chimes and superior time- keepers are some of the reasons that have made our business grow so rapidly. Waltham Clocks have a standard of value, whether it is a Hall Clock, “Banjo,” Marble Clock, or Regulator. Nothing Better at, Any Price If your local jeweler does not sell our line send direct for our new illustrated catalogue Ealtham Clock Company WALTHAM, MASS. O know them is to love them; to know them well is to love them dearly. They are not for a few months of a single season only; but, like the good friend and true, they remain for all time with those who love them, revealing their sweetness and increased beauty as the years pass by. These hardy flowers flourish in almost every soil, need but little care, and require no special knowledge to succeed with them. That those who have never ordered of me may, at small outlay, learn of the excellence of my Hardy Perennials, I offer the following special collections by mail postpaid—all well-developed plants which will bloom freely the first season: 8 Double Hollyhocks, all different..,,, 12 Hardy Phlox, notwo alike,,............ 1.00 1z2 Hardy Chrysanthemums, all dif- ETON tei eee rer rote es eee 1.00 10 Columbines, choice named..,........... 1,00 12 German Iris, choice named.............. 1.00 12 Hardy Asters, no two alike ............ 1.00 ito Hardy Pinks, including Perpetual STO Wie eer ce ctetec vectese taseresimieceeene 1.00 19 Larkspurs, superb varieties.,, 1o Japanese Anemones, 5 sorts... 10 Foxgloves, no two alike 5 Day Lilies, no two alike ........, 5 Veronicas, including Blue Jay 5 Canterbury Bells, all differen 5 Hardy Sunflowers, all different 6 Rudbeckia, including Purpurea... 6 Oriental Poppies, 3 sorts I will send the 16 collections by express for $10.00, purchaser paying charges. In my catalogue of Hardy Perennials everything is explained. It is a copi- ously illustrated book of 70 pages, giving accurate descriptions of Over 1000 vari- eties of the choicest Hardy Perennials, Shrubs, Vines, ete., with much valuable information about these beautiful and intensely interesting flowers, and is mailed free for the asking. Restaurant Building of General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. The Hercules Did It HE new Hercures catalog is a beauty; it tells lots of things about Concrete Construction that every Contractor, Architect and Builder should know. Sixty- six pages of meaty matter, including fifty illustrations. The Chicago Convention proved one thing—that the Hercules Cement Stone Machine is still 365 days ahead of them all. It makes more sizes and larger variety of blocks than any other machine. It makes two blocks of the same size and design, or of different sizes and designs, on the one machine at the same time. It is the sim- plest machine in the world—-no pins, cogs, chains, springs or levers. In strength, dura- bility and adaptability it leaves all others far behind. Send for Catalog C—to-day; it’s free to you. Century Cement Machine Co. 180 West Main Street ROCHESTER, N. Y. Do You Want Absolute Fire Protection Do you want a window that will positively stand every test? Are you willing to spend two cents and five minutes to find out the positive truth about Mullins Fireproof Windows They actually do what no other window can do. Shall we send you our catalogue and quote you prices ? W. H. Mullins Co., Also manufacturers of Skylights, Ornamental Metal Work, Statuary, and Stamped Sheet Metal Work of all kinds. HOT WATER TO BATH : Pl Stat VY Hot -W of ater. ne H “thn we ; MO ae se oP Oe phi TI gg ENE ae iii) cy We employ the largest force of heating engineers in America. Each job has Particular care is THE ANDREWS SYSTEM of the furnituse and window and door openings. No heating individual attention. taken in locating the piping and radi- ators to conform with the requirements firm doing a merely local business could afford the services of such a force of high-salaried experts. The Andrews Sys- tem is distinctive, e nbracing exclusive and patented features, including the Andrews Regurgitating Safety Valve with group system of piping that produces hotter radiators and quicker This great fuel circulation, carrying more heat in the water insures intense beat in the severest weather, as well as economy in mild weather. We our own boilers from steel. tailed bill of materials (submitting them manufacture We prepare plans, with full de- FACTORY TO USER in the factory and shipped complete, tied in bundles, bu.xed, ready to screw together, with full instructions for erecting; to the owner of the house for his ap- proval). All the pipe is cut and reamed so that any man at all handy with tools can place it in posi- tion; thus we do away with costly and waste'ul cut-and-try methods of small tradesmen. the weight) are shipped from the nearest distributing point, Our method gives you the benefit of The radiators (70 percent. of freight rates equalized. our large experience and accumulated information. One customer writes to a friend: “’ Don’t buy tbe small- est plant, don’t get the largest; simply permit the company to supply you with what your situation or building and area to be heated requires. They know best; they must guaran- tee; they can and will do it.” WHAT KIND one ce. need not bea hard problem. No technical skillis essential to a wise choice, There is no mystery about boilers, radiators and pipe. The principle is simple. Besides, if a man selects his own heating plant and sees it installed, he has the confidence of mas- tery—he is his own expert. This explains why the first new Andrews System sold in a community nearly always sells another— an endless chain of Andrews Systems ena- bles us to produce them by the thousand and sell them ata saving to purchasers of 22) FOLD. per cent. Beats every cther method of heating, be- HOT cause it costs less to install, less to oper- WATER ate, less to keep in repair—and much less for fuel; for keeping the house clean, free from dust and gas, and comfortable in every room, nothing else can compare. Do such sweeping claims seem untrue? Stop to consider how much it would cost to buy a good, service- able to warm thoroughly every done by a hot water system. and rust out and need ing plant will last as stove ong as the house, room in the house, as is Besides, stoves and furnaces burn frequent repairs, while the hot water heat- Hot wa‘er heats not merely one or two rooms, but gives an even, pleasant temperature to all rooms reached. recognized as the ideal heat Hot water is Cost alone has stood in the way. Now, however, by our method of selling direct from Factory-to- User and our wholesale factory production, by which thousands of plants are turned out ata minimum cost by specially adapted machinery and skilled workers, modern beating plant. THE ANDREWS STEEL BOILER : Be one rable. je water shoul close to the fire, and the more heating surface thus closely brought to absorb the heat from the combustion the more econ’ mical is the boiler’s operation. The boiler should be so designed that every part can be reached and cleaned with case. A soot-covered flue Joses half its heat-absorbing power. Notice the Andrews Locomotive style of steel boiler on this page; thin sheet of water around the fire; deep fire port; ease with which flues can be cleaned; economical and highly satisfactory rocking gyrate; large fire doors; adapted to burn any fuel. All boilers are made of 60,000-pound- tensile-strength steel, the same as steam-power boilers. Customers who have replaced cast-iron boilers with Andrews Steel Boilers have told us they saved by the change 50 per cent. of fuel. evely Few fully points; modern home can have a realize that the boiler should be of the thinnest material that will be amply strong and du- come A VIEW IN THE ASSEMBLING ROOM ONE OF THE LARGE SPECIAL TOOLS Iron and Steel in 1906 | ‘ nse We Used Over Five Million Pounds of Our price includes: Andrews Steel Boiler; complete outfit of richly orna- mented radiators; best steel or iron pipe; cast iron fittings; floor- and ceil- ing-plates of approved patterns; expansion tank; Andrews Regurgitating Safety Valve; all the necessary gaskets, union elbows, joint cement, air SPECIFICATIONS dy valves, key, blow-off cock, tees, 45-degree and other elbows, nipples, plugs, fire cement, gold (or Wo. AND , silver) bronze and brush; also clinker hook, shaker and flue brush; in fact, everything necessary ¥ to complete the plant without further expense. Ls)! MATERIAL THE ONLY TOOL NEEDED TO ERECT Such confidence bave we in our product and method 360 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL of doing business that we furnish with all our heat- GUARANTY BOND ing plants a Bond. which allows you to return the heating plant after a 360 days’ trial, if you do not feel thoroughly satisfied, receiving back every dollar paid us, as fully explained in our Book, Home Heating.’’ Heatine Co. CHICACO — MINWEAPOLIS We always make special plans and exact estim2tes of cost for each indi- vis EXACT vidual job. Send us to-day the plan of your house, or rough sketch with ESTIMATES. measurements, and we will submit an exact estimate of cost delivered to FREE your city, with an estimate of what you should pay for installing the plant if you employ a mechanic or handy man foi that work. You are under no obligation, because you permit us to make an estimate, except as your own interest would prompt. All we ask is a chance to prove to you, as we have to others, SEND FDR OUR 72-PacE Book, “HOME HEATING ”’ 2 bout hot water heating, valuable to every house owner, free for the names of two persons likely to be interested. Send for large list of users, some of whom may be known to you, ANDREWS] EATING (0. 550 LaSalle Building Chicago, III. 603 Heating Building Minneapolis, Minn. We have a Special Department for large LARGE heating contracts of $10,000 or over—high BUILDINGS pressure or vacuum steam heating, hot blast ventilating, also large hot-water forced-circulation heating plants, etc. We design, manufac- ture and erect. Write our Large Contract Department, if in need of this class of work. ANDREWS ROCKING AND DUMPING GRATE _.__—_Csz0 ~~. _ _ March, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v “WELL!ABOVE ALL THINGS! Ls POSITIVELY. WEATHER PROO RESISTS FIRE AND ACID hEASIEY, APPLIED | _ LASTS INDEFINITELY The original smooth-surfaced weather-proof elastic Roofing To avoid imitations, look for our Registered Trade-Mark “RUBEROID” stamped on the under side of each length. Also look for our name, as sole manufacturers, printed on the outside wrapper For Handsome Dwellings RUBEROID RED ROOFING \ A PERMANENT ROOFING wth A PERMANENT COLOR The only prepared roofing combining weather-proof, fire-resisting properties with a decorative effect SEND FOR SAMPLES THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY Sole «Manufacturers 100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK A Never-F ailing Water Supply with absolute safety, at small cost, may be had by using the Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine ee by us for more than 380 years, and sold in every country in the world. Ex- clusively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman. So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold 30 years ago being still in active service. Send for Catalogue ‘“‘E”’ to nearest office. Rider - Ericsson Engine Co. 35 Warren St., New York 40 Dearborn St., Chicago 40 N.7th St., Philadelphia 239 Franklin St., Boston 234 Craig St. West, Montreal, P. Q. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W. Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba The Gorton System of Heating is the ideal system. It embodies all the advantages of the Vapor, the Vacuum and Hot Water Systems with none of their disadvantages or defects. The Gorton System costs less to install complete than the ordinary Hot Water System, and it can be put in by any Steam Fitter. We will be pleased to send catalog. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. No. 96 Liberty St. New York, N.Y. Ge “CHAMPION” LOCK JOINT Metal Shingle Inexpensive, Ornamental, Durable MADE BY J.H. ELLER & CO. 1610 E. 5th St. CANTON, 0. 5 ALSO MAKERS OF Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Our remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant Smokeless Gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one- fourth as much as acetylene. Most Durable and Least Expensive Apparatus to Maintain in effective, perpetual operation. Gives services of lighting, cooking and heating. Fullest satis- faction guaranteed, and easy terms, The very apparatus for suburban homes, institutions, etc. We construct special apparatus also for fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equivalent to city gas at 50 cents per rooo cubic feet. and made to respond to very large demands; also for light- ing towns, etc, C. M. Kemp Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Mc AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1907 THE HALFTONE with THIS ADVERTISEMENT ILLUSTRATES A L’Art Nouveau Mantel and Fire Place The tile used are a 6 inch by 6 inch glazed with our Matt glaze No. 772, a charming tone of soft Sea Green. We make eighteen new colors in Matt glazed tile for Wainscoting and Fire Place work. If you contemplate building a home, and propose to use tile, write us stating your requirements, also give us your views as to color. We employ astaff of expert designers and decorators ; you can command their services without cost. We stand for all that is artistic and elegant in tile work for Walls and Floors of Vestibules, Living Rooms, Dining Rooms, Bathrooms, Kitchens, etc. Special Designs for Porch Floors. If your dealer cannot show you samples of our ‘*Della Robbia’’ and Matt glazed tile advise us and we will put him ina position to do so. TRENT TILE COMPANY; i sce eee Makers of Wall and Fire Place Tile, Non-Absorbent Floor Tile, Ceramic Mosaics, Architectural Faience; vette WRITE DEPARTMENT AS UFO UR GAT ALE OcG UGE Details of Building | Construction A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introductory text By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College af Architecture, Cornell University This book 1s 10 by 12¥% tnches in size, and 2 00 substantially bound in clcth, PRICE, e FOR SALE BY MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, N. Y. City =~ = — cmap ) eS) Strongest, best on the market. Fences poultry in, stock out, and lasts. Costs less erected than common netting, because it requires no boards at top or bottom and so few POR Se ONe every 50 feet. ou can’t afford to buy and the Lamb To-day co/d—to-morrow warm. poultry fence without in- vestigating J’age. Write for descrip/ions. Page Wovea Wire Fence Co. Box 856, Adrian, Mich. Changeable March weather robbed of its terrors—by a heating apparatus which admits of zvs/ant and positive adjustment to suit the temperature. Plenty of heat on a cold day; just enough and no more on a warm day. All under your control—not eccasion- ally, but always. It is a decided ad- vantage to énow that you can depend on your heat. To gain that advantage you must install Kinnear Pressed Radiators because they are the only Radiators affording perfect control of heat. The walls ot this Radiater are of pressed metal that responds instantly to the application of steam or hot water. No other Radiator heats so quickly RWW ee eet ee ee ee ee te ee ee ne en Sen ee ee Se Se See ee eee nO ——— SSS ITS when heat is needed. No other cools Phoenix so quickly when zo heat is needed. Sliding : Kinnear Pressed Radiators occupy Blind much less space than any others, Co. ) Because of this fact alone they are 4) preferred by all home _ builders. a Phoenix % i re . | \ Kinnear Pressed Radiators are \ N. Y. = {iby lighter than any other Radia- \ aay Zy, tors, and may be placed on \ the wall—off the floor—out of \ the way. | We will gladly demonstrate these assertions to be Jacts. Write us to-dayy™ for Catalogue D and oh descriptive matter. 24 ppieenns . ; | The) Pressed Ves of _—$<—$$——— Radiator Co. y SED FOR CATALOGUE FOR CATALOGUE if —=SE_ESSUE_[ Pittsburgh, Pa. ——s4 epuse oi 2 March, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A SINGLE BLOOM OF MEEHANS’ MALLOW MARVELS ONE-THIRD ACTUAL SIZE) nooks of the world, all assist in making the pletenes s—combined with economy. the most discriminating clientele. on request. and Meehans’ Prices of Meehans’ Mallow Marvels WE RESERVE THE RIGHT TO REFUSE ORDERS FOR MORE THAN TEN TO ANY ONE PERSON The Charm of Jndibiduality HE vast array of decorative art, the unusual furniture we make, the articles of vertu which we have sought out in the Orient, the soft-toned tapestries of wondrous weaves, the exquis- ite bric-a-brac, bronzes and marbles gathered from out-of-the-way Bradstreet Craftshouse a veritable treasure house of the esthetic and artistic. It is our specialty to suggest and superintend the decoration of the Home, with the central object of perfect unity and artistic com- Correspondence is solicited from those who desire the benefit of our artistic knowledge, adapted to modern requirements, the result of years of training and experience, endorsed by the patronage of A brochure giving a glimpse of the possibilities we offer, mailed Interior Fitments JOHN S. BRADSTREET ©& COMPANY Mural Decorations 327 SO. SEVENTH ST., MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA Mallow Marvels An Entirely New Race of Hardy Perennials The most brilliant creation of scientific plant breeding. . . Now offered for the first time MEMBER of the Waterer firm, the most famous horticulturists in England, says this achievement is the most notable for many decades. And_ so says every expert who has seen Meehans’ Mallow Marvels in_ bloom. Although the cross from which this new race of plants originated was conceived by Thomas Meehan, the founder of our nurseries, thirty years ago, it was not until 1903 that our efforts were crowned with success. This new creation in herbaceous perennials combines the striking foliage and brilliant blooms of the tender hot-house Hibiscus with the sturdy growth and hardiness of the native Mallow. It is even a stronger grower than its wild half-parent, throwing up strong stalks seven to eight feet high, which from the last of July until September are emblazoned with the most gorgeous flowers (seven to eight inches in diameter) to be found outside the tropics. And Meehans’ Mallow is entirely free from disease and insect enemies, and it is not par- ticular about soil or location. Perfectly hardy, as the original cross-bred plant stood in our nurseries four years without protection. The colors are clear, satiny crimson, red and pink; also white | As it is impossible to show by photo- graph or engraving the wonderful One-Year-Old Roots Two-Year-Old Roots P = ESTABLISHED 1889 eMINNEAPOLIS MINNESOTA V lersatility in Period : Furnishing cA gentleman said to the writer the other day: “I was attracted to your studios because I want Versatility. I want in my hall Elizabethan oak things, my reception-room in the Marie Antoinette style, my dining-room in composite Chippendale, and my chambers quaint- Chintz-hung.” The result was, that, being specialists, Mr. Verbeck planned the hall The Famous Norfolk Sideboard. Original in the South Kensington stately, ancientold English. Museum, and worth a fabulous sum. Period Hepplewhite Mr. Whybrow created the reception-room scheme, dainty and light, and the dining-rcom, like that of our forefathers. Mr. Crossley handied the chambers, which were sleepy rooms such as Dickens loved to tell about. The color contrasts all dovetail together and show vistas of charm—and versatility—from room to room; but all this client pays for is the price per piece or yard on the things purchased; AS WE MAKE NO CHARGE FOR SUGGESTIONS, SAMPLES AND PICTURES. Perhaps you have a room or house to decorate and furnish; if so, send along your plans and preconceptions. The obligation will be ours. Also, if you are collecting pieces of furniture, let us know and pictures will go forward. Write for our booklets and literature. VERBECK, WHYBROW & CROSSLEY CO., Inc. Period Furnishing—French, Renaissance, Colonial Period Italian Renaissance. Cathedral-finish MAUSER BUILDING, 298 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK Oak, carved out of the solid. Original at Hardwick Hall, Surrey, England Entrance on Thirty-first Street Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year THE PERGOLA GARDEN IMEOIN DERE Y MCOMMENT 2.3. aos, scaelwl dates teceste en 6 05 ero aE eee ee 84 NoraBLe AMERICAN Homes—The House of R. L. Burton, Esq., Cedarhurst, Long Island. By Barr Ferree 85 “WircH Woop,” a Cottage Designed with an Artistic Purpose........ By Joy Wheeler Dow 91 THE GARDEN OF CHARLES W. MCcALPIN, Esa., Morristown, NEw JERSEY ............ 94 feo iT CLUE NE MURINTDURE sapere can bord ois ase yee ve be ES By Sarah ddams Keller 96 THE RESIDENCE OF CHARLES W. WELSH, Esa., Oak LANE, PENNSYLVANIA. By Burr Bartram 97 MW ORVIORERNTEIOUSES saicccmreGe peicEc«,d dye Sedans d sue me By Paui Thurston 100 PR Ee WAT PRE SU PRICY rs a src sash tas asta G as ES Ae Aue tees ¥ Gacdle bs By Ralph Ernest Blake 102 AN ARTS AND CRAFTS EXPERIMENT IN AN OLD RHODE IsLanp Mansion. By Leila Mechlin 104 Aer OREO WEEE GRANT. io State ahiert sc as sd ele 4 ase a bos By Katherine Louise Smith tog EET ONPAING © GIVE aOMINICHD AEN tr. gh dais dG antenna @eeeae By Charles F. Holder 114 SIL OWIER: MO OCWOR =<, ste etuetiees ais Oye 2 farc g Kau UE AO wd By S. Leonard Bastin 117 ASSO OLIN DON DUE Sh. tet enies oS eS tle wa sa es Shaw ee eRe oa SO. By E. P. Powell 120 ra Bedding Plants from Seeds. Color Scheme for a Small House. Garden Hints for March. The Hardy Lily Bed. Furnishing a Dark or a Cold North Room. Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1907, by Munn & Company. Registered in U. S. Patent Office, Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. Aasia[ MeN ‘UMO}JSLUOPA] 7e ‘uopier) s uldiy7 A AA S8HeYD “IAT JO sounyed SULYLYG ysOJA] 943 jo ‘Aoqy seplajeq oy} ul Sutyeuruo NL ‘uopler) RIOBI0q aul AMERICAN HOMES AND GA —L March, S907 The Den in the House of R. L. Burton, Esq., Is an Oval Room, Very Richly Decorated in the Style of the German Renaissance It Is Crowded with Interesting Bric-a-brac 84 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1907 Monthly Comment HE open season for country houses, and in- cidentally for all the delights of the joyous summer-time, is about to open. All the world is agreed that it will be a welcome change. The old-timers will renew the pleasures of past springs and summers, and the newcomers will, with much trepidation, their first acquaintance of the country as a Those who know the country will, of no doubt, make place of residence. course, eagerly welcome every familiar sight and sound; those who go into it for the first time will have mingled sen- sations of pleasure and dismay. ‘The truth might as well be admitted first as last; for country living is not a wholly unmixed joy, and those who are not accustomed to it should venture forth prepared for all sorts of things, and be as ready for the unexpected as for what is naturally looked for. There is not a spot on the face of the globe that has not its drawbacks as a place of residence. It is true that people of large means, who keep house on a large scale, with a retinue of servants and all the paraphernalia of human greatness, have few reasons to complain of their lot. Even the ennui that besets these folks is not due to the location of their country estates, but to their own shortcomings in not being able to enjoy as they should all their advantages. But the person of average means, and the person of small means, who go out into the country for economy’s sake, are bound to meet with more or less inconvenience and perhaps with a number of disappointments. ‘There is but one word to be said to such as these: Wait. Any new place is certain to be different from the old, and what seem to be inconveniences and drawbacks this year will be smoothed away and forgot- ten next season. ‘There is vastly more joy to be had from living in the country than in the city; but one needs to be accustomed to this new form of life, needs to want to live it, needs to be satisfied with what one has. In the end, one may rest assured, all will come right. ONE serious error that the newcomer is apt to make in moving out into the country, and which has been more than once referred to in these pages, is the mistake of trying to do too much. Of course one must have one’s vegetable garden; flowers, too, are equally necessary; it will be hard to get along without a horse and trap; chickens are apparently the easiest thing in the world to raise; and a cow is perhaps both useful and necessary. It is at once apparent how the bill of ex- pense will mount up. It will be difficult for a man, actively engaged in business in the city, to attend to all these matters himself—not forgetting the inevitable lawn-mowing —and have any rest and comfort from his home life. The expense of a man to do the outdoor work is considerable, and one soon finds one is spending much money for comparatively smal] return, small, that is, compared to the labor and money expended. ‘The wiser course will be to get settled, and fully settled, before undertaking the unaccustomed tasks that most country labor involves; and then, when you do_under- take to spread out, to go slow. Don’t do too much the first year, the second year, or even the third year. First get com- pletely accustomed to your environment, and then begin in a small way. A coop deal of harm is done by the zealous over-advocat- ing of the advantages of country life. Quite a number of books, and some few periodicals, set forth, in the most allur- ing way, the superlative merits of this form of living. They will tell you how your home may be self-supporting from the crops of fruits and vegetables you will raise; how large an income you may derive from your hens, how profitable it will be to raise various animals. Much of what is offered to an inquisitive world on these subjects is true, and is put forth in perfect good faith; but it is well to remember that what A or B had done, C and D could not possibly accomplish under any circumstances. In other words, our modest writers on these interesting topics naturally keep in the background the personal equation, which is the one chief reason of their success. I’his is quite as important an element in raising things in the country as winning success in any phase of life, and it is a point that is raised much too seldom. Interesting and accurate as many of the directions for carrying on rural activities are, it will be a distinct advantage to the beginning in such matters to remember that the chances are he will accomplish very much less than the author who has been in the business long enough to write a book about it. THE winter time and very early spring are not looked upon with favor by the purveyors of country real estate as the best season for their operations; yet the inquiring settler, looking about for a suburban or rural residence, could do worse than begin his discoveries at such times. The person who is new to country life, and who proposes to adopt it per- manently, will have the country all the year round. He must stay there in all seasons, in the pleasant days of summer and the cold, unpleasant days of winter. A country road in winter time is not always calculated to arouse enthusiasm for travel along it; yet it may be that it is precisely the road you will have to travel, morning and evening, every day of the year. It will be an illumination into the variety of country life to see such thoroughfares at the worst; it may not be so desirable for the real estate man. By THE middle of spring the season of architectural ex- hibitions will have come to an end. A few years ago the only show of this kind in the United States was that given by the Architectural League of New York; now nearly every con- siderable city has its architectural exhibition, every city, that is, which is large enough to support an art show of any kind. These exhibitions have increased in interest from year to year, and the care taken in their preparation and the number of persons who view them may confidently be regarded as evidences of a broadening public interest in architecture. There are few subjects on which the public at large stand in » better need of information, and while the exhibitions of architectural drawings are but silent forces, they undoubtedly help in an important and useful work. The exhibitions of the Architectural League of New York, whose twenty-second annual show was held this winter, have come to be regarded as the most important of the series. In a measure this is so, since New York is the center of the greatest architectural activity of the country; but the exhibitions in other cities have, in the last few years, come forward into well earned prominence, due partly to the exceeding care taken in the selection of exhibits, partly to the taste shown in their ar- rangement. New York can no longer boast the only archi- tectural exhibition, and since there are other active archi- tectural centers it is quite as well there should be exhibitions elsewhere. While it is true these exhibitions have taken on a more and more pictorial character, the great fact is that they are held, and that laymen whose interest in buildings is of a peculiarly personal and non-technical character, visit them. To get people to look at architectural drawings is the first step toward getting them to understand them. March, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 86 Noiable a American The House of Iver I Homes By NN ; i \'S by | vif i AY seal, NO ‘ Barr Ferree zZ = Burton, Esq. Cedarhurst Long Island NW Is oR NY My ARGE estates are quite the exception at Cedarhurst, estates whose area is counted in acres, and Mr. Burton’s property of about thirty-three acres is, therefore, quite unusual in extent, as it is unusual in the beauty of its development. This is exten- sive enough to give a fine setting to the spa- cious house, and has been beautifully laid out with driveways, fine lawns, trees, shrubbery, together with a hedge-enclosed perennial garden of considerable extent, a fountain and old Japanese monuments. The house is so situated that the larger part of the ornamental grounds face the entrance front, the opposite side of the house overlooking a superb lawn which reaches almost directly to the water. The house is a great triple building with a frontage of generous length. It is shingled throughout with 36x 12 Roper split cedar shingles, laid three to the weather; the trimmings are painted white; the chimneys of the outer walls are exposed from the ground and are built of gray brick. Much of the exterior, especially on the entrance front, is covered with thickly growing ampelopsis and English ivy. In plan it consists of a large central building flanked with wings which are connected with the main part by connecting passages. The central part is slightly higher than the other portions, and it alone has dormer windows in the roof story. All the roofs are sloping and form an integral part of the silhouette, but the wing walls are slightly lower than the other parts; their cornices are without the broad plain frieze which surmounts the wall of the main structure, and the win- dows are somewhat different in dimensions. ‘The window scheme, which forms the chief architectural element of all the fronts, is sufficiently varied in the different wings to give The House Is a Great Triple Building with a Frontage of Generous Proportions 86 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A Cluster of Phlox Blooms Gaily in One Corner of the Garden mobility to the design, and yet is thoroughly harmonious and well adapted to the various needs of the interior. A portico, two stories in height, with four columns, whose capitals are of Ionic type, is built at the center of the en- trance front, and is the commanding feature of the exterior. The main doorway, below it, is encased within a pilastered framework whose entablature supports a pointed pediment. The window on either side is included within the ornament treatment of the doorway and each has, beneath it, a built-in seat. Handsome wrought iron lanterns on the portico pilasters complete the special features of the en- trance. The windows on either side of the portico are treated as a single panel, two stories in height. hey form a con- tinuously paneled bay, triple in design, the central upper member being round arched, with small circular windows on each side of the arch, while the other divisions are variously windowed and paneled to meet the internal re- quirements. While seemingly identical in design these bays include a number of marked differences. Thus the upper bay on the left, which lights the stair hall, contains three windows reaching to the summit of the entablature of the lower division. ‘The central lower panel is solid, which is the case with the upper panel on the right. On the right side the windows in the upper tier have panels below them; the lower tier has three windows. The interior arrangements exhibit an admirable disposi- tion of the space. A great hall occupies the center of the house. To the left are the stairs and passages to the service wing; behind, on the water front, is the dining-room. On the right of the hall is the den, on the entrance front, with the drawing-room adjoining it on the water front. Then comes the living-room, extending from front to front, and on the extreme right is Mr. Burton’s office. The hall is paneled throughout with wood, painted white, with panels of pale yellow embroidered silk. The ceiling has exposed beams, molded and decorated, with yellow panels corresponding to those of the walls. ‘The cornice is upheld by channeled pilasters with Ionic capitals, with decorated consoles in the frieze to carry the ceiling beams. On each side of the entrance door is a recess with a window and a built-in seat. The stairs are on the left, rising within an arched passageway which has a white wainscot and yellow walls. On each side of the arch are March, 1907 carved mahogany doors leading to the other parts of this floor. The mantel is of wood, with a paneled chimney breast with corner columns standing on pedestals. The fire- place has a mottled white marble facing and hearth. The hardwood floor is covered with handsome Oriental rugs. There is a host of interesting and beautiful objects in this hall. On each side of the fireplace are iron boxes, used in olden times in Spain by the richer ‘classes i in traveling for carrying their money and jewels, with enormous spring locks inside. Beyond is a painted Russian sleigh, filled with growing plants. On the other side is a rare old desk inlaid with ivory. On the wall opposite the mantel is an old gold mirror. There are many smaller ornaments, mostly an- tiques. At the further end the hall opens into a sun parlor or conservatory; it is semi-circular in form and filled with beau- tiful plants. The dining-room is a rectangular apart- ment with windows overlooking the water and at one end. It has a high wainscoting of San Domingo mahogany for about two- thirds of the height, finished with a shelf on carved corbels. The main divisions of the wainscot are continued to the ceil- ing in the form of richly carved brackets, which support the great longitudinal beams. The transverse beams are closely set, forming narrow oblong enclosures, the spaces between them being filled with canvas and tinfoil painted yellow, with ornamental frames in lighter colors. Above the wains- The Water Front of the House Shows | March, 1907 cot the walls are treated with large panels of canvas, with tinfoil painted yellow, and painted with designs similar to those used in the ceiling. ‘The fireplace, which extends to the doorway, consists of a single vast slab of green and white marble. A small shelf of the same material projects above the fire- place opening. The chimney breast is enclosed within a large panel of wood. The upper divisions of the windows are filled with leaded glass. The cur- tains are green silk, embroidered with gold and silver; behind them are white sash curtains. A warm brown rug fills the center of the hardwood floor. Much of the fur- niture is antique, including the two side- boards and a fine old cabinet filled with china. ‘The door to the pantry is con- cealed behind a large screen with old French color prints in its upper section. The chairs are covered with carved leather. There is no chandelier, the room being lighted with silver sidelights. The drawing-room occupies the cor- responding position on the other side of the hall. The woodwork throughout is white. On the water side is a shallow bay window, en- closed within an ornamental frame and containing a built-in window seat. A wood wainscot is carried completely around the room save where it is interrupted by the book- cases, which fill a goodly portion of the lower wall surface. The walls are covered with a green colored cloth with small silver circles. The doors and windows have lass-enclosed Piazza Used as a Sun Room AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 87 The Entrance Driveway Is Bordered with a Mass of Shrubs and Flowering Plants well molded frames. The entrance bay is curved at each end with a decorated wood pilaster whose brackets reach to the ceiling. ‘The ceiling is decorated in the Pom- peiian style with a broad outer border of green, and a white center with pictorial medalions in the margin. ‘The fireplace is of wood and occupies the center of the further wall. It is designed in a monumental style, with corner pilasters reach- ing to the ceiling. The fireplace has a facing of yellow mar- ble, and over the shelf is an oblong mirror, built-in. An immense white bearskin is laid on the floor. ‘There is a multitude of objects of interest in this room, the tops of the bookcases at every available place being crowded with bric-a-brac of the most interesting sort. The mantel orna- ments are beautiful pieces of old glass ware. A passage floored with mosaic connects this room with the den on the entrance front and the living-room, which, as has been said, occupies the whole of the further wing of the house. In the passage is a closet with running water for arranging flowers. It is three steps down and a splen- did and delightful apartment, quite the largest in the house and in some respects the most interesting. It is divided into three great bays by three standing columns which reach from floor to ceiling. At each end is a half circle window, that is, three windows in one. “The woodwork is painted white. here is a paneled wainscot around the base of the walls, which are covered with red burlap. The panels of the ceiling have a gray ground. The room is extraordi- narily brilliant in color, the rich red of the walls affording a fine background to the columns and white woodwork. Red, indeed, is the predominating tone. The curtains are red damask and the mantel, which is of white wood, has a fireplace with a facing of red marble. On the shelf are many beautiful pieces of old red and white glass, and many other specimens of the same ware are disposed throughout the room. It is literally crowded with inter- esting objects of every imaginable sort. Antique bronze lamps of various designs depend from the four corners. There are old clocks, old mirrors, old engravings, a ver- itable museum of antiques, all chosen with great care and all admirably disposed. Mr. Burtin’s office adjoins the living-room. Originally designed as a porch its open sides have been enclosed, and it now forms a very useful as well as a very attractive apartment. It is somewhat shallow in dimensions and is 86 AMERICAN HOMES carved mahogany doors leading to the other parts of this oor. The mantel is of wood, with a paneled chimney breast with corner columns standing on pedestals. The fire- place has a mottled white marble facing and hearth. The hardwood floor is covered with handsome Oriental rugs. There is a | host of interesting and beautiful objects in this hall. On each side of the fireplace are cot the walls are treated with large panels of canvas, with tinfoil painted yellow, and painted with designs similar to those used in the ceiling. The fireplace, which extends to the doorway, consists of a single vast slab of green and white marble. A small shelf of the same material projects above the fire- place opening. The chimney breast is enclosed within a large panel of wood. iron boxes, used in olden times in Spain by The upper divisions of the windows the richer classes in traveling for carrying are filled with leaded glass. The cur- their money and jewels, with enormous rine: ‘ - tains are green silk, embroidered with spring locks inside Beyond is a painted gold and silver; behind them are white sash Russian sleigh, filled with growing plants. curtains. A warm brown rug fills the center On the other side is a rare old desk of the hardwood floor. Much of the fur- inlaid with ivory. On the wall opposite niture is antique, including the two side- the mantel is an old gold mirror. There boards and a fine old cabinet filled with are many smaller ornaments, mostly an- china. The door to the pantry is con- tiques. At the further end the hal opens cealed behind a large screen with old into a sun parlor or conservatory; it is French color prints in its upper section. semi-circular in form and filled with beau- The chairs are covered with carved leather. tiful plants. There is no chandelier, the room being The dining-room is a rectangular apart- lighted with silver sidelights. ment with windows overlooking the water The drawing-room occupies the cor- A Cluster of Phlox Blooms Gaily in One Comer of the Garden and at one end. It has a high wainscoting responding position on the other side of the of San Domingo mahogany for about two- hall. The woodwork throughout is white. mobility to the design, and yet is thoroughly harmonious and _ thirds of the height, finished with a shelf on carved corbels. On the water side is a shallow bay window, en- well adapted to the various needs of the interior. The main divisions of the wainscot are continued to the ceil- closed within an ornamental frame and containing a built-in A portico, two stories in height, with four columns, whose ing in the form of richly carved brackets, which support the window seat. A wood wainscot is carried completely capitals are of Ionic type, is built at the center of the en- great longitudinal beams. The transverse beams are closely around the room save where it is interrupted by the book- trance front, and is the commanding feature of the exterior. set, forming narrow oblong enclosures, the spaces between cases, which fill a goodly portion of the lower wall The main doorway, below it, is encased within a pilastered them being filled with canvas and tinfoil painted yellow, surface. The walls are covered with a green colored cloth framework whose entablature supports a pointed pediment. with ornamental frames in lighter colors. Above the wains- with small silver circles.) The doors and windows have The window on either side is included within the ornament treatment of the doorway and each has, beneath it, a built-in seat. Handsome wrought iron lanterns on the portico pilasters complete the special features of the en- trance. The windows on either side of the portico are treated as a single panel, two stories in height. They form a con- tinuously paneled bay, triple in design, the central upper member being round arched, with small circular windows on each side of the arch, while the other divisions are variously windowed and paneled to meet the internal re- quirements. While seemingly identical in design these bays include a number of marked differences. Thus the upper bay on the left, which lights the stair hall, contains three windows reaching to the summit of the entablature of the lower division. The central lower panel is solid, which is the case with the upper panel on the right. On the right side the windows in the upper tier have panels below them; the lower tier has three windows. The interior arrangements exhibit an admirable disposi- tion of the space. A great hall occupies the center of the house. To the left are the stairs and passages to the service wing; behind, on the water front, is the dining-room. On the right of the hall is the den, on the entrance front, with the drawing-room adjoining it on the water front. Then comes the living-room, extending from front to front, and on the extreme right is Mr. Burton’s office. The hall is paneled throughout with wood, painted white, with panels of pale yellow embroidered silk. The ceiling has exposed beams, molded and decorated, with yellow panels corresponding to those of the walls. The cornice is upheld by channeled pilasters with Ionic capitals, with decorated consoles in the frieze to carry the ceiling beams. On each side of the entrance door is a recess with a window and a built-in seat. The stairs are on the left, rising within an arched passageway which has a white wainscot and yellow walls. On each side of the arch are The Water Front of the House Shows ® Glass-enclosed Piazza Used as a Sun Room AND GARDENS Marchi orgay March, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 87 The Entrance Driveway Is Bordered with a Mass of Shrubs and Flowenng Plants well molded frames. The entrance bay is curved at each end with a decorated wood pilaster whose brackets reach to the ceiling. The ceiling is decorated in the Pom- peiian style with a broad outer border of green, and a white center with pictorial medalions in the margin. The fireplace is of wood and occupies the center of the further wall. It is designed in a monumental style, with corner pilasters reach- ing to the ceiling. The fireplace has a facing of yellow mar- ble, and over the shelf is an oblong mirror, built-in. An immense white bearskin is laid on the floor. There is a multitude of objects of interest in this room, the tops of the bookcases at every available place being crowded with bric-a-brac of the most interesting sort. The mantel orna- ments are beautiful pieces of old glass ware. A passage floored with mosaic connects this room with the den on the entrance front and the living-room, which, as has been said, occupies the whole of the further wing of the house. In the passage is a closet with running water for arranging flowers. It is three steps down and a splen- did and delightful apartment, quite the largest in the house and in some respects the most interesting. It is divided into three great bays by three standing columns which reach from floor to ceiling. At each end is a half circle window, that is, three windows in one. The woodwork is painted white. There is a paneled wainscot around the base of the walls, which are covered with red burlap. The panels of the ceiling have a gray ground. The room is extraordi- narily brilliant in color, the rich red of the walls affording a fine background to the columns and white woodwork. Red, indeed, is the predominating tone. The curtains are red damask and the mantel, which is of white wood, has a fireplace with a facing of red marble. On the shelf are many beautiful pieces of old red and white glass, and many other specimens of the same ware are disposed throughout the room. It is literally crowded with inter- esting objects of every imaginable sort. Antique bronze lamps of various designs depend from the four corners. There are old clocks, old mirrors, old engravings, a ver- itable museum of antiques, all chosen with great care and all admirably disposed. Mr. Burtin’s office adjoins the living-room. Originally designed as a porch its open sides have been enclosed, and it now forms a very useful as well as a very attractive apartment. It is somewhat shallow in dimensions and is 88 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1907 The Drawing-room Has White Painted Trim, Low Wainscoting and Walls Covered with Green Colored Cloth Ornamented with Silver Circles The Facings of the Fireplace Are of Yellow Marble and Over the Mantel Is an Oblong Mirror March, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 89 The Great Hall Is Paneled with Wood Painted White with Panels of Pale Yellow Embroidered Silk. [onic Pilasters Support the Cornice The Dining-room Has a High Paneled Wainscoting of San Domingo Wiehoeany, Finished with a Shelf on Carved Corbels. The Walls Are Covered with Canvas and Tinfoil Painted Yellow 90 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS lighted on three sides. [he woodwork is painted white, and the walls are covered with a maroon burlap. The ceil- ing is of wood, painted white and paneled with French gray. In the center of the entrance wall is an immense A Classic Portico Adds Dignity to the Entrance of this Stately House carved seat, with an open back. A great old oblong carved table stands before it. An immense carved chest is another notable piece of furniture here. The den is on the right of the main hall and immedi- ately adjoins the entrance door. It is oval in form and is decorated throughout in the style of the German Renais- sance, developed in a very rich and highly ornamental fashion. The floor is laid with vitrified red tile. The woodwork is dark oak. ‘There is a high wood wainscot, above which the walls are covered with cork tiles. The doors have ornamental frames, with decorated pediments. March, 1907 The mantel is all white, with a facing of blue and white tile, especially made in Holland. The shelf is supported on heavily carved brackets, and above are two glazed cab- inets, forming the overmantel. On each side of the en- trance door from the main hall is a canopied recess en- closing a built-in seat. A beautifully carved bench stands in one of the corners, and a rare old cabinet and carved table in another. The ceiling is richly deco- rated and colored with an elaborate scroll design with painted panels. On_ the mantel shelf and above the cabinets are many fine speci- mens of blue and white ware, partly Delft and partly Chinese. Much of the pottery with which the room is decorated is also blue and white. The artis- tic treasures of the room are extremely beautiful and thoroughly soul-stirring to the collector and the ad- mirer of such works of art. Mr. Burton’s house is thus highly interesting in a mul- titude of ways, each one of which gives it real distinc- tion. Its design is of the pleasantest, comfortable and _ homelike, qualities much too rare in houses of this size and character. It is surrounded with spacious grounds, so ample in area as to have true park-like character. They are spacious enough to include woods, lawns and flower garden, and when it is recalled that every part is maintained in perfect order suf- ficient has been said. The house is conveniently planned and well planned, admirably adapted to the needs of its owner and showing considerable individuality in this respect. And that it is handsomely furnished has already been explained, and is equally well shown in the accompanying photographs. But the chief interest in the house is its artistic contents, every room being crowded with interesting objects of art. —— | am see meee came cuaeateirst March, 1907 sal ' ; a Ee AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 91 = A Cottage Designed With An Artistic Purpose By Joy Wheeler Dow EN, fifteen years ago the architect could have de- signed this cottage to be here described, but no one would have taken the plans, no, not even as a gift. And so fearful was he of their non-acceptance, at the present day, by Mr. and Mrs. Cromwell, that not a sketch or outline of the elevations was al- lowed to escape his studio until the floor plans, which scarcely suggested the Goodey Coles atmosphere in old Ipswich of the in- spiration, were accepted, and the blue prints formally delivered. We can not but admit that what is being confided might establish a dangerous precedent to allow the mere reputation of an architect to invest him with the prerogative of designing a cottage—a home for a client, without the customary pre- liminary sketches in perspective, at least. We honestly believe there would be but one chance in a hundred of the owner’s being either pleased or satisfied with the result. The art of this cottage or of any other cottage or thing equally pleasing to those inner susceptibilities which must be touched in order to be a success, is entirely a matter of luck, however, in the opinion of those—and they are in the ma- jority—who, believing that the secret of success in most things depends upon personal endeavor and perseverance, exempt the indescribable charm of beauty as something in- tangible unattainable without formulas. And it may sound The Semi-enclosed Piazza Has Plain Colonial Columns Like Its Prototype as heretical as it once did for Galileo to say the earth moved, for any one to contradict and reverse the accepted theory, and say that while esthetics may have no mathematical rules, nor indeed grammatical rules, there is a sensitometer—bor- rowing a photographic term—with which some people are born, whereby the hand is controlled unerringly as it is in a geometrical problem with T-square and triangles. It is the luck of temperament—the luck of circumstances at birth that means success or failure in life, and human endeavor will avail nought without it. 92 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1907 Le The House Has An Overhangin ti With the tempera- ment of a designer one’s art is never empirical. There is no more difficult architectural problem than that of the successful cot- tage. The regula- tion thing in cottage plans is not very dif- ficult—those dreary repetitions of one another without in- dividuality—but the plans and details for anything with as much character as the accompanying illustrations show, require unending pains and_ patience for which ten per cent. of the cost barely remunerates the architect. ‘The elevation drawings for Mr. Cromwell’s cottage ‘‘Witch Wood” placed beside the elevation drawings of the average cottage proposition would appear as the drawings for a tessellated pavement beside an area to be flagged. Simply to copy them would require more time than a draughtsman would ordinarily spend tracing the plans for several cottages; and speaking of copy- ing leads the writer to insert a word about an extremely elastic if not entirely obsolete code of honor between architects called ‘‘professional courtesy.” To his country place Mr. Cromwell gave the name of ‘Witch Wood,” embrac- ing an enviable piece of property of per- haps twenty acres, overlooking the valley and village of Highland Mills, N. Y. In common with other works by the same architect it has no veranda, that is, no acknowledged veranda. What it has in- stead is a woodshed. That sounds queer. g Second Story of the Style Built in the Early Colonial Days of New England There Is a Quiet Charm About this Quaint Country House with Its Small Paned Windows and Its Shed Piazza But observe this woodshed opening from the dining-room and ventilated by louvers in pairs so tipped as to afford a current of air without a draught. Being convenient to both kitchen and pantry, the woodshed transforms itself, with no additional house- — work, into an out-of-door dining-room, perfectly screened from both kitchen and front entrances. People will more readily accept the taffy-pulled and meaningless motives of New Art, or the equally mean- ingless newly invented architecture of which the Chicago Auditorium is an ex- ample, than legitimate historical develop- ment overflowing with delightful tradi- tions. Such is the inconsequence of popu- lar taste. Occasionally we meet with an unex- pected advantage. Favorable to the Witch- Colonial scheme of the architect’s was Mrs. Cromwell’s idea of an entry in lieu of a hall. She had no space to spare for a hall, she said, which is true in a tiny cot- tage, and wanted every square foot obtainable for her two best rooms. This decision gave the architect an op- portunity to take a mental trip to the old colony in Massa- chusetts. He recalled the glimpse he once had of the bewitch- ing entry and angu- lar staircase in the house of Dr. Gray at Hingham. It was an inspiration! The thing had the per- sonality he wanted. It is the personal reminiscence every time that makes suc- One of the Bedrooms Shows An Artistic and Effective Treatment : f March, AMERICAN 1907 cessful architecture. The mind must have championship. The fashioning of deal-wood is no companionship no matter how ingenious. Why do we neglect the natural grandeur of America—the Yosemite Valley and the Rocky Mountains for Europe, every summer—that is every summer wecan? It is the ancient civilization, the same personal element that lurks in every nook and corner of ‘Witch Wood.” The very panels of the great front door have their story, the cross of St. Andrew was the talisman used in “Scarlet Letter” days to drive the witches off. The secret closet on the stairway (see plan) concealed by the stair paneling, if there be no real ghosts in a new house, yet contains an imaginary treasure box hidden by a rich tory relative during the revolu- tion, not to forget the relics of the regicide who owed his life to the se- curity of this deftly contrived retreat. The secret closet is a mezzanine affair fitted into the huge chimney stack. And then we have the ample clustered chimney itself, the central mainstay of the whole fabric around which life, in the times of our forefathers, revolved. The chimney at “Witch Wood,” as may be seen from the plan, has a passage through ca ae «i AL : if ig ia t4 | An Artistic Inglenook in the Dining-room Has a Paneled Seat and a Colonial Mantel it, and that is a development of our own day, but with sev- eral advantages, the two piers being united by an arch in the attic. We do not expect every one, however, to note all the his- torical development which has been faithfully carried out in this Highland Mills cottage. The orthodox details, one after another, will impress themselves upon the much in- terested reader, such as the overhanging upon which he will one day discover the molded chamfers which, to give the mill that did the work due credit, are beautifully executed, likewise the molded drops, all very satisfactory. The ex- periments of the interior were not less successful, but are HOMES AND GARDENS 9 arge Open Fireplace with Paneled Over- mantel Is Placed in the Living-room A Stairway Within the Stately Doorway Is the Feature of the Paneled Hall W not very clear in the interior views herewith presented. Mrs. Cromwell looked at her furniture, and remarked: “I have scarcely a piece that properly belongs here. We shall have to live up to this house by slow degrees.” But better this way than to have a repre- sentative collection of historical furniture in a poor architectural set- ting. That is an almost hopeless anachronism because it is practically impossible to do anything with the house, especially if the furniture be of the vintage of say 1875. Every cultivated person, nowadays, is a furniture collector who is constantly weeding out and improving his stock. Another decided advantage the architect had was permission to use the small sized lights in the lower as well as the upper half of the windows. Not many of an archi- tect’s patrons will readily agree to this, and he often had much con- m cern how to gain the atmosphere so necessary to one’s happiness with the big sheets of plate glass clients have demanded. Indeed the sash bars do not obscure the vision as is always argued, more than one’s vision is obscured by the projection of the nose. One may look cross- ‘ngs 1 A Quaint China Cabinet Is Built in the Corner of the Dining-room eyed, and encounter the objection, but one does not care to look cross-eyed habitually. It all depends upon the point of focus chosen. ‘There are always kindly disposed friends to tell the owner he is making a great mistake with the small lights of glass; but it is difficult afterward to find any one who will admit having thought the small panes anything other than perfectly entrancing. This waiting to see which way the cat is going to jump in a matter of art is an evidence of either prejudice or fatuity. In an age of magazines and free libraries an education suffi- cient to distinguish between what is true and what is false in architecture is easily within the reach of everybody. 94 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1907 The Garden of Charles W. McAlpin, Esq. Morristown, New Jersery HILLSIDE, gently sloping, with long, broad stretches almost level; a generously wide field of ground, bordered on right and left by pleasant growths of trees of forest size, and long uprising; and a great belt of foliage, dense and green at the summit, a curtain of nature’s own devising, shutting in the open space below. This, in briefest outline, is the garden of Mr. Charles D. McAlpin at Morristown, N. J., designed by David W. Langton, landscape architect, of New York. It is an isolated garden, a garden for itself alone. ‘That is to say, it is neither related to the house nor immediately in juxtaposition to it. A house there must be for every garden; since there can be no garden unless there be some one to enjoy it; and enjoyment in the countryside is difficult without the house—as difficult, no doubt, as it would be without a garden wherein one may be at peace with nature and oneself. But the McAlpin garden lies alone on its hillside, with the house before and below it, and separated from it by a vast wall of arbor vita, whose great arch frames the central path and forms an open- ing and approach of wonderful dignity and charm. ‘Thus the garden is not un- heralded. On_ the contrary its bound- ing wall of everlast- ing green piques one’s curiosity as to what may be beyond it. The great arch, moreover, lifts its head proudly and may be seen from afar; truly, it is a mark of some signi- ficance; no mere hint, but a true em- blem of triumph. Though the slope of the ground is moderate, the level of the lower garden area is almost above the roof of the house, whose sum- mit may just be dis- cerned above the dense _— enclosing hedge. The arch- way passed, one stands within the flower garden. It is an immense rec- tangle, hedge bor- dered on right and left with central beds of grass and flowers, cut by straight paths. As a design it could not be sim- &. A Great Wall of Arbor Vitae Separates the SS sa Through a Superb Living Archway pler; as a garden it could not be finer. The borders are faced with the gayest bloomers, chiefly annuals, that run from end to end, and are returned to the arch of entrance. The grassed spaces in the center are so large that even though much of their surfaces is taken for flower beds, the green sward counts, and counts considerably, in the general effect. The center of the whole has the Venetian wellhead one looks for almost instinctively in such places, with clusters of bay trees in earthenware pots, standing sentinel-like around it on the nearby grass. Rectangular borders of evergreens, placed well within the grass, mark still more definitely, the impor- tance of the center; while flower masses on each end and on the outer side of the grass complete the planting here. A wall fountain, truly Byzantine in design, forms the chief fea- ture of one side of the garden—an interlaced slab let into a backing of brick, with an open arch above for further em- phasis. Looking straight ahead from the point of entrance—the mammoth arch of arbor vite—the ground rises; at first with a sharp slope; then more gently; and all this upper area is crowned with a group of pergolas, pergolasbuiltaround a second garden, one at a higher Jevel than the first, over- looking it, in, per- haps, much the same way that the Acro- polis at Athens over- looked the city at its feet. The simile is, perhaps, somewhat far-fetched; yet the effect of these per- golas, bounding a silent, open square, actually above the lower ground, actu- ally overlooking the nearby foreground below it, actually giving the eye a new outlook over distant hills and valleys be- yond—the effect is one of stimulating interest. The pergolas gar- den is of agreeable spaciousness. One wanders through long alleys, bordered with great piers of stone, vine clad, with open roofs; or pauses a moment at the central openings, marked with clusters of plain white col- umns; or lingers in the tea thionsies or observatories 3 bs gai neta ee es ie arden from the House, Which Is Reached March, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 95 The Pergolas Garden Is Interesting. It Has Great Stone Piers Covered A Tea House Is Placed at the End of the Pergola with Growing Vines and Flowering Plants Which Is Reached by a Stone Staircase The Garden Is Formally Planned with a Venetian Wellhead in the Center and Bay Trees in Large Earthen Jars 96 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS built at each end of the lowest pergola from the win- dows of which the whole of the lower garden is overlooked, as well as much of the outer world as the wall of arbor vite and the surrounding trees will permit. It is a garden of pronounced individuality, yet its merits have been obtained by the simplest means. ‘The chief factor in giving it interest has been the spaciousness of the site. There was ample ground here, ample room on which to grow plants and lay out an interesting type of garden. So far as ground plan went, therefore, it was possible to proceed on a scale of real magnificence. But here the magnificence stopped. Grandeur in a garden is too hazardous a matter, particularly in our trying Ameri- can climate. Good plants and plenty of them; good planting and ample seems to have been the motto here. Very enjoy- able, therefore, is the variety of the plants and shrubs here, March, 1907 but which, save in number and spaciousness of arrangement, do not differ widely from the contents of many a less preten- tious garden than this. With the pergolas somewhat more latitude was permissible. Here again was space, ample and of generous quality. The pergolas were designed to cover a liberal quantity of ground and were built in a generous manner. Yet they, too, are simple and unadorned, appealing to the spectator by reason of their size, their arrangement—a great open square which they completely surround—and their position. And year after year their bare frames are being covered closer and closer with foliage, and year after year the whole garden, the upper garden with its pergolas and the lower with its lawns and flower beds, increases with that loveliness and interest which age gives to gardens more completely than to anything else. The Kitchen Furniture By Sarah Adams Keller ex O ROOM is so sparsely supplied with furni- ; ture as the kitchen. The permanent fixtures, range and sink, the boiler and wash tubs consume so much room and require so much space for their use that there is often barely enough room left for the most neces- sary pieces of furniture without which the kitchen would be incomplete and all but unusable. Furni- ture of a limited kind is, however, needed for the kitchen, and it must be well adapted to use. A kitchen closet is apt to be a very miscellaneous receptacle indeed, into which everything is thrust and where nothing can ever be found. Systematic arrangement and distribution of all utensils, supplies and other articles will add greatly to the convenience of the kitchen, and will be found, in the end, to fully repay any effort put forth to establish it. This becomes a comparatively easy matter where there is room, but the ingenuity of the housekeeper will be tested when it comes to arranging kitchen tools and foods within narrow compass. If the house contains a pantry matters will be much simpli- fied, since in that case the china and table ware will be kept there, as well as supplies in bulk. But whatever the size of the kitchen some system in ar- rangement and disposition of the utensils is imperative. The dresser is intended for dishes and small supplies, such as tea, coffee, and spices and the like. Narrow shelves are to be preferred to wide ones, for they facilitate use. Wide shelves are standing temptations to overloading, and it is almost impossible to prevent articles from being stood two or three deep, a method that is quite destructive of ready use, and which sooner or later falls into positive confusion. The dresser may consist of shelves built into the wall or be a sep- arate article of furniture. It should be enclosed within glass doors. The topmost shelf should always be within easy reaching distance. It will be found very helpful to have a definite place for every definite kind of article that is given place in the dresser, and this systematic arrangement of con- tents should be insisted upon as an essential feature of the kitchen economy. The pots must be placed by themselves and must have sufficient room, so that each can hang or stand free and inde- pendent. Sometimes the space under the dresser is set aside for this purpose; sometimes a separate closet is used for the The closet beneath the sink, which in old time kitchens was used for this purpose, is, of course, no longer available pots. in the modern kitchen, and should not be used even if present. Kitchen cabinets, which partake of the character of a dresser, are now made in a variety of forms, many of which are compact and convenient and are well adapted to kitchens of modest size, where space is valuable and the equipment comparatively slight. The styles range from simple to com- plex, the latter containing a number of divisions and devices for the convenient handling of materials. The kitchen table is indispensable. Its size will be deter- mined by the size of the room, for no kitchen table was ever yet too large for the demands that will be made of it. A simple wood table, covered with oil cloth or enameled cloth and provided with a drawer, in which may be kept the kitchen knives and forks and similar utensils, will be found sufficient in many kitchens. If the table has a zinc top it will be found useful for washing dishes when the sink is not available; when the zinc wears out its utility will be lengthened with a covering of table oil cloth. A more convenient table is a spe- cially built affair, of a height adapted to the height of the person who has to work at it, so arranged as to avoid stoop- ing. This condition, of course, avails only when the table will be used indefinitely by the same person. It should be mounted on castors so as to be readily moved, and may have the lower space entirely filled with drawers and cup- boards. Facility in use will be obtained by making these of different sizes, depths and heights. If the laundry work must be done in the kitchen, as is the case in many small households, some special provision must be made for it. This is a matter that will require utmost in- genuity in crowded quarters and is always an affair of more or less difficulty. The ironing boards, stands and cloths should be kept together. It may not be possible to have a separate and special closet for them, but if other articles are kept in the same closet it should be so filled that the ironing boards, etc., can be readily reached without the necessity of taking other things out. The clothes horse, while one of the most difficult of house- hold articles to store, is one of the most useful. It is difficult to offer advice on this article, for its disposition is entirely dependent on space, and the housekeeper can only do the best she can. Several patented devices are made as substi- tutes for the old fashioned article, including apparatus which depend from the ceiling, and hence take up no floor or wall room. Ropes and cords stretched across the kitchen are poor substitutes for wooden bars. If not immediately re- (Concluded on Page 116) March, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 97 The Residence of Charles W. Welsh, Esq. Oak Lane, Pennsylvania By Burr Bartram Gi HE general design of the house ee << erected for Mr. Welsh is in the aN 4 N Rear English style of half-timbered e ic work. It is broad, low, and characteristic of its style of ar- chitecture. It is surrounded with about two acres of land, which is beautifully wooded with tall, stately chestnut and oak trees, forming a very attractive setting for the house, and the blending of the col- ors of the trees and the house are most harmo- nious. The architect has sought to present a house with a dignified appearance. ‘The first story and ter- race wall is built of local rock-faced stone, with dressed stone copings and sills laid with wide, white pointing. The front terrace is reached from a walk, which starts at either side of the estate. The second and third stories are built of half-timber work, with cypress forming panels which are filled in with stucco of a soft gray color; the timbers are stained a soft brown. ‘The sash and the trimmings of the first story are painted ivory white. The roof is covered with shingles and stained red. Stone Steps Lead Up to a Brick Terrace Which Extends Across the The porches at the entrance, and at each side of Eeontok thetlouse pire - _ Mitte a om Pat Local Rock-faced Stone and Half-timber Work Were the Materials Used for the House 98 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1907 the house have wooden floors, while the terrace has a floor laid with brick in herring-bone fashion. The plan presents a com- pact arrangement of rooms, with a central hall, and rooms on either side. The color effects of the interior have been carefully studied with a view of making the rooms appear as large and light and attractive as pos- sible. The hall, which in reality is a living-room, is fitted up accordingly. It is trimmed with English oak. It has a high wainscoting of oaken battens. The ceiling is beamed with oaken beams, and the wall space between these beams, as well as the wall space above the wains- A Circling Roadway Leads Up to the Terrace at the Side of the House coting, is covered with Jap- anese grass cloth on which is a decorated stenciled border. The broad, open fireplace has a hearth and facings of a dull green tile, and a mantel of excellent and appropriate style. Op- posite the fireplace is a broad stair-landing from which the stairs ascend to the second floor; this stair- case is of simple design, with paneled newel posts and square balusters. The library is painted white throughout. It is surrounded with bookcases and paneled seats, and in one corner is an open fire- place with white enameled facing and hearth, and a mantel of Colonial style. Beyond the library is the billiard-room, which is trimmed with oak and finished in the Flemish style. It has a batten wains- coting, the same as the hall, Beick Tereace Berk Terrace Firot Floor March, 1907 it Quartered Oak Is the Trim of the Hall, While the Walls Are Covered with Japanese Grass Cloth Decorated with a Stenciled Border above which the walls are covered with a dull red striped paper, finished with a neat molding, from which pictures may be hung. The corner fireplace is built of red brick with the facings and hearth of similar brick, and a mantei. At one side of the room is a cluster of windows under which there is placed a paneled seat. The dining-room is treated with white paint, and has a paneled wainscoting, above which the walls are covered with tapestry, and the whole finished with a _ massive wooden cornice. ‘The open fireplace with its brick fac- ings and hearth and _ its mantel with Ionic pilasters is the important feature of the room. ‘This room is carried out with Colonial characteristics and is quite in harmony with its furni- ture. The butler’s pantry is fitted with all the best pos- sible conveniences. The kitchen and its dependen- cies are fitted up complete. The servants’ hall and stair- way is a private one, from the cellar to the third floor, which contains the extra guest rooms and the serv- ants’ quarters. There are five bedrooms and two bathrooms on the second floor. All of these rooms are painted white, and the walls of each room are decorated in a particular style and with one color scheme. The bathrooms have tiled floors and wains- cotings, and porcelain fix- ¥ L y f , y t yt AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 99 tures and exposed _nickel- plated plumbing. A cellar furnished with a cemented bottom, contains a laundry, heating apparatus and fuel rooms. The exterior grounds, as already mentioned, are spa- cious in area, and are sur- rounded by a privet hedge. The front of the house which is quite open has had its beauty enhanced by the graceful planting of a group of evergreens. Messrs Bai- ley and Bassett, of Philadel- phia, were the architects, and to them is due credit for having produced so de- lightful a house. The site, which is sur- rounded by roads on three sides of the estate, presented an excellent opportunity which the architects were sufficiently clever enough to grasp in the laying out of the grounds, and the design- ing of a house appropriate to the site and its surroundings. ‘This is a very important point which does not always receive the careful consideration which it deserves, but it is the one from which the beauty of an estate is maintained, and its harmonious results estab- lished. In this particular case, the result obtained has been most happy. he whole general scheme is one of complete har- mony. ee ae White Painted Trim, Walls Covered with Tapestry, Fireplace with Brick Facings and a Colonial Mantel, and Good Mahogany Furniture Are the Principle Features of the Dining-room 100 HE residence built for W. G. McAdoo, F'sq., at Yonkers, N. Y., forms the subject of the illustrations presented in Figures 1, 2, Bet cance. The underpinning, built of rock-faced blue stone, is laid up ashler. The super- structure, of wood, is covered on the ex- terior framework with matched sheathing, and is then cov- ered with red cedar shingles stained a rich brown color. The trimmings are painted cream white. The roof covered with similar shingles is stained a deep moss green. The hall is an at- tractive apartment, and is trimmed with white pine and treated with old ivory white paint. It has a paneled wainscoting and a beamed ceiling sim- ilarly treated. The ornamental s tai r- case, built in an artistic manner, is lighted by a cluster of delicately tinted leaded glass win- dows. 3 ey G Phis Label vn Pantasote Furniture Penny Wise Pound Foolish Parsimony~ in paint is expensive economy. Paint costs little but preserves materials that cost much. The loss from decay that can be prevented by~ timely use of paint can never be made good—-which means, it pays to use paint freely. And when you use paint let it be the kind that looks best and protects longest, that is, paint containing an adequate proportion cf OXIDE OF ZINC. Our Pamphlet, “Paint: Way, How and When” (free to property owners) explains the matter. THE NEW JERSEY ZINC CO. 71 Broadway, New York We do not grind zinc in oil. A list of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application. Fab-ri-ko-na Reception Hall An artistic interior is possi- \ ble only when the wall coy- f erings harmonize _ perfectly -f with the woodwork and_ the general color scheme of the room. Walls covered with Fab-ri-ko-na Woven Wall Coverings are al- ways artistic and in good taste because we render a special serbice f in assisting our patrons to make right selections. = Se erty TRADE FAB-RI-KO-NA WOVEN WALL COVERINGS are made in a wide range of perma- nent colors; strong, beautiful, dur- able and economical. Protects walls from cracking; not easily scratched or torn; easily restained when the lustre has dimmed. Our experts will suggest a color scheme, furnishing samples of Fab-ri-ko-na contrasted with a reproduction of your wood work, showing how your finished walls will look. If you are interested Iprite for full information about this Special and va.uable service. H. B. !Y1SGIN’S SONS CO. 10 Arch St,, Bloomfield, Se 8S a ‘ Y Wh : jj Remington Y Y Typewriter Lasts. Yj Y Therefore ]; Remington Y Supremacy Y Lasts. Y YY, Remington Typewriter Co. //} 327 Broadway, New York. xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1907 “THROUGH FRISCO’S FURNAC SAN I TAS The Washable Wall Covering SANITAS is the 20th Century wall covering because it is the most enduring, the most cleanly, the most satisfactory hanging made. It is better than paper because it does not tear or fade and because it can be kept fresh and bright. A damp cloth cleans it. It is as beautiful as any material now sold for walls, and its range of Pe includes printed burlaps, plain tints, tapestry and floral designs and many glazed tiles and tints. There is no room of a house which cannot be beautified by SANITAS. Write for samples and room sketches. chet eather ole Company 24 East 22d St. New York ‘METAL LATH & ROOFING.CO,"55.2"2 33 EDITION DE LUXE Illustrations of seven modern steel-frame buildings at San Francisco that withstood the earthquakes and fire of Apnl 18, 1906, with reports on the rust-resisting qualities of Dixon’s Silica~Graphite Paint on the steelwork. Write for a free copy of Book No. B 106. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, U.S.A. Peas can be sown very early in the season. In fact, they must be sown early, if you want a good crop from them. Late sown peas are failures as a general thing. Get your seed of this most delicious vegetable into the ground as soon as the latter is in workable condition. Sow thickly and cover well. Be sure to have a good supply of early varieties. For a late crop, there is no variety superior to the good old Champion of England. Do not uncover raspberries, blackberries, or grapes until the danger of frosty nights is past. If uncovered too early in the season they frequently make a start, and will have got fairly to growing when a “cold spell” comes along and kills the swelling buds. Bet- ter leave them where they will remain dor- mant until all danger of this kind is over. If you have not ordered garden seeds, do so at once. Get the best seed you can find. It may cost you more than ordinary seed, but the extra cost will be money well invested. Send in your order for asparagus and rhu- barb plants, if any are to be set this spring. It they arrive before you have the ground ready for them, spread them out in the cellar, and keep them damp by covering with moss or old carpeting until you have the ground pre- pared for them. Set asparagus two feet apart in the row. Let the rows be at least three feet apart. This will give you a chance to work among them with the garden cultivator during the summer. I would advise two-year-old plants. Set them so that their crowns will be at least four inches below the surface. Have the ground dug up to the depth of two feet and heavily manured. Keep the weeds down, and don’t cut the plants any the first season. Make the soil rich and deep for rhubarb. Set the plants two feet or more apart. Buy strong roots, of the best variety. Arrange the garden in advance. It is a most excellent plan to make a rough diagram of it on paper. If this is done, you can locate your plants to the best advantage, because your plan will be made while you have leisure to give the matter careful thought. If you have no plan when the season opens, quite likely, in the rush of the work, a good many of your plants will get in the wrong places. Avoid the possibility of this by deciding where they shall be beforehand. Aim to plant the tall- growing sorts at the north side, where they will not shade the low-growing kinds. Give up the warmest places to such vege- tables as you want to make a quick growth. Arrange for rows, instead of beds. Keep the garden cultivator and its use in mind. Where this can be operated to advantage—as it always can under a system of row-planting —the work of weeding can be so simplified that it need not be dreaded in the least. With a cultivator, a man—or a boy—can do more in an hour—and do it better, too—than he could do in a day with a hoe. It is an easy matter to keep the garden free from weeds where the cultivator is used, and in disposing of the weeds the soil is so stirred that no work with the hoe is needed. You “kill two birds with one stone.” What has been said about uncovering garden small fruits too early applies with equal perti- nence to roses and other tender shrubs and to the bulb-beds. Nothing is gained by being in haste to remove winter protection, and quite often all is lost. Wait until you are sure the weather is settled before uncovering them. Then they will come forward rapidly and satisfactorily. If any changes are to be made in the border, or among the shrubbery, plan for it now. Decide just what you want to do. Never go at any work of this kind in haphazard fashion. Have a definite aim in view, and work toward it steadily. If this is done, the home grounds March, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XVII Two Gifts in One within the reach of all SPECIAL APRIL 1907 NUMBER PRICE 15 CENIS EASTER I N E METROPOLITAN MAGA Z THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE CO 3.5.87 WEST 29°STREET NEW YORK THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE is taking front rank among the leading popular magazines of the country. No magazine offers a better list of contributors; none offers more beautiful illustrations; few, if any, offer articles of such wide popular interest. Look up any number on the newsstand and judge for yourself. The Magazine may be sent to a differ- ent address from your own if you wish. A new cloth-bound book in a Tabard Inn Bookcase. BURLINGTO THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE is one of the most popular magazines in America. It is noted for its clean, wholesome, snappy fiction, its handsome illustrations and its cheerfulness of purpose. It has indeed been well termed “‘The Magazine of Cheerfulness,’’ and its policy is to uplift, to please and to educate. The annual subscription price is $1.50, or 15 cents for a single copy. THE TABARD INN LIBRARY The lowest price of a Tabard Inn Exchangeable Book is $1.18. A Brand New Book of your own selection from the accom- panying list will be mailed you pre- paid in the combination herein of- fered. The books are well bound in cloth and handsomely illustrated. 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Stained with Cabot’s Shingle Stains. Robert C. Spencer, Jr., Architect, Chicago The SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BOY affording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit, such as scows, By A. RUSSELL BOND I2mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. Al STORY OF OUTDOOR BOY LIFE, given for building the various articles. canoes, suggesting a large number of diversions which, aside from Complete practical instructions are The book contains a large number of miscellaneous devices, windmills, water wheels, etc. MUNN & CO. Publishers of “ SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN” 361 Broadway, New York pi = @ March, 1907 will improve year by year, until you have ac- complished your plans, and you will have a place to be proud of. But the planless system, which so many persons follow, never achieves satisfactory results. It gives one the impres- sion of something that started out for some- where, but never succeeds in getting there. BEDDING PLANTS FROM SEEDS By Ida D, Bennett T IS to be regretted that the ease with | which many ot our summer bedding-plants ot the foliage varieties may be raised from seed is not more tully understood and appre- ciated. “Lo many the purchase of any consid- erable quantities of bedding-plants trom the Horist, must act as a deterrent quantity in their culture, as it requires no small outlay to pur- chase sufficient piants ot any really desirable variety of cannas, tor instance, tur bedding purposes, even a small bed costing from five dollars up. Coleus may be indulged in with somewhat less outlay, but even here the cosc is so much in excess ot that of the seed-raised plants that the claims ot the latter are well worth considering. Cannas are very easily raised from seed and for the past two or three years the florists have made an eijort to supply the demand for reli- able seed of the more desirable varieties, and excellent seed of the Crozy, and many of the large-flowered, named varieties are to be had at a reasonable price. In buying canna-seed it 1s well to buy by the ounce, unless seed ot several varieties are wanted, wien the pack- ages will have to be purchased. In sowing canna-seed — which should be done in pots in the house early in March for best results, the seeds must first be filed or sandpapered until a bit of the white shows through; they must then be soaked over night in hot water, or until the outer husk has burst and the inner swelled and_ sottened. Treated thus they will germinate in two or three days, while without this preparatory treatment they would remain in the ground as many weeks. Very small pots may be used to start the seeds at first, and two or three seeds may be planted at once and only the best allowed to grow—it seed is plenty, but ot course in the case of choice bought seed one will not care to discard any, and one seed may be sown in a pot, or the two or more may be caretully separated when the plants come to be repotted. “Lhe care of the potted seed is the same as for all house-sown seed—warmth and moisture and, after the plants are up, light and sunshine; a position on the little “sash-shelf”’ is excellent for the little pots. When the pots are filled with roots, shift into a size larger and grow on until time to plant out in the open ground when all danger ot frost 1s passed, shitting trom time to time as necessary. Coleus are easily grown from seed and should be sown in flats or the little house- boxes with glass lids. Sow the seeds in drills or broadcast, covering an eighth of an inch deep, and keep warm and moist. When the leaves touch and the plants are of a size to handle, prick out into other flats, setting an inch or two apart in the rows and grow on until the leaves again touch. By the time they are ready to go into the ground they will have developed sufficient col- oring to make a choice possible, and any poorly marked or off-colored ones may be discarded. It is better in planting to alternate the dark and light varieties, using but two colors, rathe1 than a mixture of many kinds. I have grown beautiful coleus from seed that compared very favorably with the cuttings grown bye the florists. Coleus thrive best in sandy soil in full sun- shine, as the heat serves to bring out their rich March, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XIX coloring; grown in the shade they are apt to “hark back” to the original greenish strain. Coleus should never be allowed to bloom, but all flower-buds should be removed as soon as they appear. They should also be kept cut back and not allowed to make too robust a growth, for when growing too rankly they are likely to loose their large leaves and to present a more or less ragged appearance. The ricinus, one of our noblest ornamental plants, is also very quick to respond to culture. The seeds, which take about two weeks to germinate, may be sown in pots in March or April, using a four-inch pot which should have the drainage-hole covered with a bit of shard, or the roots will push straight through to the detriment of the plant. When planted in four- inch pots in April they do not usually need re- potting before planting out in May, but if necessary they can be easily shifted into six- inch pots and should make robust plants by May. The ricinus when used as a center for a bed of cannas should have the lower branches removed and be grown in an umbrella form, so as to leave more room for the cannas while affording a grateful shade for such tender bloomers as the Burbank and those orchid- flowered varieties which fade in strong sun- light. The brilliant salvia, so beloved of all lovers of gorgeous color, is another easily raised seed- ling, and it will be found, as a general thing, that the seed-raised plants are much more robust than the greenhouse plants raised from cuttings. Any plant raised from seed is far more likely, given good conditions, to prove a good bloomer than plants raised from cut- tings, as in the case of the seed-grown plant there is no check of intention, the natural bent of the seedling being to sprout, to grow and to bloom, it proceeds to do so in the most direct way; not so the cutting. In the first place the parent plant has been denied its natural func- tion of bearing seed, it has been checked in its growth, mutilated and diverted from the orig- inal impulse implanted in it at its birth by nature, and if this has been going on for several] generations of plant life, it is not strange if natural selection, in the struggle of existence, produced a non-blooming plant or one in which the desire to breed and reproduce its species is more or less weakened. I have grown sal- vias from seed that were giants of their kind, I remember one bed, given generous culture, that when I had penetrated to the center of the bed I could just see over their tops, and they were a mass of flowers from near the ground up. The dahlia is another plant that comes easily from seed and will do better in the hands of the amateur than the plants from roots; especially is this true of the single kinds, which, by the way, are much more effective for cut flowers and corsage wear than the double. Dahlias grown from seed in my own garden this summer were a month or six weeks ahead of the plants from tubers in blooming. Dahlia-seed may be sown in the boxes in the house or in the hotbeds—preferably the latter. “They should be sown in drills, a half or an inch apart in the drills and covered an eighth of an inch. They are ready germinators and make a rapid, sturdy growth from the first, and may be planted out where they are to remain when quite small. A very ornamental plant for bordering beds of tall growing cannas or to intersperse be- tween caladiums or other foliage plants is found in the globe artichoke—the variety that shows the silvery foliage. A row of this in my garden a couple of summers ago was ad- mired more than many choice bedding-plants, and truly the great silvery, spiked leaves were beautiful. 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It is this water backing of every tiny portion of the heating surface which makes these outfits so economical in fuel burning, so sure in heating efficiency, and prevents their ever wearing out. Write to-day for valuable catalogue (free) setting forth the full Boiler cut in haif to show hollow castings filled with water are Sales Branches and warehouses throughout America aUhich exteacte the fall an urope. value from every pound of fuel AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY" criicaco Dept. 6 VERY woman should prepare herself for the emergencies of life and nursing is woman’s most natural and ennobling calling. Our system of training {by mail) is s recognized by physicians and hospitals throughout the country as being thoroughly practical. We guarantee our graduates employment at good wages. This diagram shows the principies of our organization, which directs, co-ordinates and controls every part of a building operation. It includes under a single contract the ser- vices of the architect, builder, decorator and furnisher, and mince: the responsibility for every detail of the work on a single firm. "The Way to Build" mailed on request. HOGGSON BROTHERS CONTRACTING DESIGNERS OF Residences, Banks, Clubs, Libraries 7 EAST 44th STREET, NEW YORK We are the Pioneer Nurses’ Correspondence Training School of America. All others have followed after us, but none have ever approached our efficiency. Our faculty is of the highest standard. Write to any of our hundreds of graduates (we will send you names and addresses for the asking), and you will find them not only willing to answer fr your in inquiries, but eager and enthusiastic in their en dorsement of our methods in every particular. Write us to-day, and we will send you handsome illustrated booklet giving you valuable suggestions and information. Address American Training School for Nurses 1108 CRILLY BUILDING, CHICAGO, ILL. Xx AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1907 “| ANE’S BALL-BE ‘1s the r. Best House- Door Hanger Made Other Styles for Less Money Sold by Hardware Trade Send for Catalog ARING” | \xens a Wc Lane Brothers Company, 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, INGY- SPECIAL APRIL 1907 METROPOLITAN MAGAZIN EB The Mexican War with its many lessons, its personal anecdotes and its thmilling chap- ters of individual bravery and zeal is faithfully portrayed and illustrated in THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE FOR APRIL THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE, CO 35.077 WEST 29"STREET NEW YORK. (The first chapters commenced in the March issue. Order at once if you wish to secure the back number.) The April issue will be on sale broadcast March 1 5th. The APRIL METROPOLITAN will also contain articles on THE NEW CRIMINAL By BROUGHTON BRANDENBURG THE KU-KLUX-KLAN—A Southern Woman’s Recollections, from the social viewpoint. Subscription Price: $1.50 a year; single copies 15 cents. FIVE FULL-COLOR ILLUSTRATIONS THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE 3 West Twenty-ninth St, “ - - New York City ~ Marginatum. This grows about three feet high, has large grayish-green leaves bordered with snowy white and the entire stem and un- derside of the leaves of the plant is of the purest snow white. A beautiful plant in con- trast with other dark-foliaged plants either cannas, ricinus or caladiums. It is easily raised from seed started in the house in March. ‘The seed germinates rather slowly and the young plants require some coddling, but once estab- lished in the open ground require little care. THE HARDY LILY BED By Ida D. Bennett ROM June till October the lilies blazen and bloom. ‘The stately white Annun- ciation heads the procession with her up-held chalices of snowy sweetness. Easily first in our affections as she is in the floral calendar of the year—if we except the longi- florums, which are not common enough in our gardens to rival the lily of the Annunciation, and it is not until the sultry days of August that any great activity in the lily kingdom is shown; then, indeed, she must look to her laurels, for now the gorgeous Japs are in evidence. Roseum, rubrum, album, Mel- pomene, all in robes of white, sprinkled with rubies, gold dust and diamond frost, with that stateliest of all lilies—auratum—stand- ing sentinel over all. ‘These are the lilies most commonly met with in the hardy garden. Less frequently met with are the Washing- tonia, gigantea, and the famous Burbank lily—the fragrance of a bed of which it is said may be detected at a distance of ten miles; these are the aristocrats of the lily kingdom, and yet subservient to the same laws that gov- ern the more humble subjects, and like them obliged to toil—despite the charge—‘‘consider the lilies of the field, they toil not, neither do they spin’ —in their laboratory of the earth to transmute its elements into leaf and stem and blossom, and whether the lily in the cultivated garden finds these elements to its liking de- pends upon the intelligent forethought of the gardener. (Growing wild on its native Jap- anese hillside the lily has a choice of soil and location in a measure. ‘Transplanted to our American gardens it is at the mercy of the one into whose hands it falls and it should be accorded generous treatment. While any good garden soil properly pre- pared will grow the lily it would seem wise to approach as near to its natural environment as possible. In its native habitat it is found growing wild on the hillsides where the roots of the trees form a network through the ground and thus insure good drainage. “Trav- elers in Japan say that it is difficult to dislodge these lilies from the encircling roots, so buried are they in them. ‘Then, too, the fall- ing leaves protect the lily both summer and winter, forming a mulch. of constantly decay- ing leaves that protect their roots while the trees afford shade for the plants while in bloom. This would suggest the shrubbery as a favorable place to grow lilies and the proxim- ity of tall shrubs and small trees on the windward side of the lily bed cannot but be an advantage. [hey may also be grown among the peonies with good success. Any good garden soil, well enriched with leaf mold and old, well-rotted manure, will grow the lily to perfection; it should be dug deep and well incorporated, and good drainage provided; where there is any reasonable doubt about the drainage it will be wise to dig out the bed to a depth of two feet and fill in a few inches of rough gravel and broken shards, this will prevent the water settling around the bulbs and causing decay. The lily bulb is very susceptible to decay and disease and precautionary measures are March, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Xx a) \ Grapes are heavy consumers of Potash, 5 which must be renewed in the soil if the yield ( of the vines is to be kept up. at the root of the vine means a profuse yield of luscious clusters on the frame. Our free booklet, “Plant Food,’’ tells much you should know about plant fertiliza- tion. Write for it now. GERMAN KALI WORKS 93 Nassau St. New York ICK’S GARDEN»«»> FLORAL GUIDE FREE Eighty-eight pages of accurate descriptions and illustrations of THE BEST SEEDS AND PLANTS Special—A Hardy Baby Rambler Rose ready to bloom, indoors or out, postage prepaid, for 10 cents Send for Catalogue anyway, tt's free JAMES VICK'S SONS 444 Main Street ROCHESTER, N, Y. A TYPICAL COLONIAL REPRODUCTION The term ‘‘Colonial” is much abused in its commercial usage, nevertheless it has a significance widely recognized. The ‘‘Four Poster” is decidedly typical of what is known as “ Colonial” furniture. The handsome bed shown above whether in twin or regular size is of selected mahogany, finished as smooth as a mirror, The posts have the characteristic leaf and feather carvings and the head and foot boards show the beautiful crotch mahogany treatment. ‘ Our entire energies are devoted to the direct reproduction of Colonial and Period furniture, Of the former the four post bedisa striking example. ‘ Our achievement is such that Berkey & Gay pieces are recognized as the standard of the highest class in furniture. Since 1859 this reputation has been growing until to-day our work is not excelled in absolute correctness and purity of design, workmanship, construction and finish. To those who seek the exceptionally excellent we offer a line of bed room and dining room furniture satisfying in every way. Send for Our De Luxe Booklet It is beyond question the handsomest furniture booklet ever issued. It was not designed to be sold or aimlessly circulated, but intended for persons interested in substantial, artistic furniture, to whom it will be a delight. All such sending 15 cts, in stamps or coin to Department M for mailing will receive a copy. Remittance returned if it should not please. Write for illustrated booklet W free. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE 00., Jersey City, N. J. F. WEBER © CO. Engineers’ and Draughtsmen’s Supplies : F . , SS er Our inlaid shopmark will always enable you to distinguish Berkey & Gay furniture, which can be seen on the floors of leading furniture dealers. Berkey & Gay Furniture Company, 168 Canal Street, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Sole Agents for Riefler’s Instruments, Ott’s Pantographs, Drawing and Blue-print Papers, Drawing-boards, Tables, Squares, Triangles, etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Transits, and Levels of Best Makes. Send for Catalogue, Vol. 263. 1125 Chestnut St.. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore THE “GLOBE” 73 99 ° ~~ istattontorr Lhe Globe Ventilator and sold on merit In Galvanized Iron, Brass and Copper Also with Glass Tops for Skylight Simpie, Symmetrical, Storm-proof, Effective. For perfectly ventilating buildings of every character. Send for model and pamphlet. Simoky Chimneys Cured. “GLOBE VENTILATED RIDGING” Patented and Trade-Mark Manufactured by Reg: U.S. Pat.Off Globe Ventilator Company ::_ Troy, N. Y. Make Your Own Concrete Building Blocks Best. Fastest, Simplest. Cheapest. MACHINE No crackage or breakage No off-bearing No expensive iron pallets No cogs, gears, springs or levers Move the Machine, Not the Blocks THE PETTYJOHN CO. 617 N. 6th St. Terre Haute, Ind, Special Plans. My Designs are all Artistic, but Homelike and Com- sai fortable; my Plans Complete, and my Estimates Careful and Honest, Individual we . Designing a Specialty. Picturesque Suburban Houses, 1907. New, Artistic and Original De- signs for Cement, Stone and Frame Houses. Colonial, Spanish and English Styles, suitable for Suburban Lots, from $3,000 up. Estimates and Full Descriptions. The Best Book of its kind published. Price by mail, $2.00. New Picturesque Cottages. Containing Original and Beautiful Designs for Suburban Homes, from $2,800 to $6,000. Price by mail, $1.00, Book of Bungalows, 1906. A Unique and Artistic Book, containing De- signs for one and one-and-a-half story Bungalows in various styles, $1,000 up. Printed in Sepia tones. Price by mail, $2.00. Picturesque Summer Cottages, Vol. III. New and Revised 1906 Edi- tion. Old Favorites and New Designs for Stone, Shingle and Rustic Summer Cot- tages. Price by Mail, $1.00. BE. E. HOLMAN, Room 14, 1020 Chestnut St., PHILADELPHIA, Pa. Do You Want a Home Like This Or One Equally Pleasing? Then Buy My Books or write me about BRISTOL'S Recording Thermometer Located within house, recordson a weekly chart outside temperature Also, Bristol’s Recording Pressure Gauges, Volt, Ampere and Watt Meters. Over 100 different vari- eties, and guaranteed. Send for Catalog B. THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn. CHICAGO, 753 MONADNOCK BLDG. NEW YORK, 114 LIBERTY ST. (Ee 2 sia cte tt am FROM ‘PICTURESQUE SUBURBAN HOUSES” xxil AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1907 always in order. As the Japan lilies do not reach this country until late in the fall, it will be well to get al! orders in to the florist early that they may be filled from the first consign- ments of bulbs. Then if the beds are pre- pared in advance they may be gotten into the ground before severe weather. However, it is possible to make successful planting of bulbs as late as Christmas. I have planted them when it was necessary to break the frozen ground with an axe, but the bulbs did unusu- ally well the following spring. The Japan lilies should be planted about nine inches deep and it is well to piace sand : eee : around the bulb sufficiently to prevent the struction of the wooden pedestals furnished by us, we : s E A : are enabled to offer this most attractive feature of the i earth coming in contact with it. A little formal garden at a price that places them within the 14 sphagnum moss directly under the bulb is an- reach of all. other wise precaution, as this will insure drain- A special booklet showing a number of designs of - : pedestals, pergolas, etc., with prices, will be sent free ape for each particular bulb and prevent the Sun-DiaLs WITH PEDESTALS, CoMPLETE By utilizing our Koll’s Patent Lock Joint in the con- upon request. Ask for Circular ‘‘A-26.”” it | cettling of water about the base of the bulb. He After the lilies are all planted and the soil HARTMANN BROS. MFG. CO. PERE firmed about them the bed should be given a MOUNT VERNON, N.Y., U.S.A. | dressing of old, rough manure, leaves and lit- New York Office: 1123 Broadway § ter; the coarsest of this may be raked off in Western Factory: Henry Sanders Co., Chicago, Ill. the spring and the Gane tine pvorked ant MANUFACTURERS OF . KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS F the ground. ‘This, however, must be done For Pergolas, Porches, or Interior Use. ae before the lilies start as they are very tender; as soon as the frost is out of the ground is the best time to work over the lily bed; it should SQNNUTTUUTETTETETEETGEEEREEEEUTTUEETEOTEUEAAROGOGOOEEOAEAAUOOOAAOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOEEOETEETTEEAATTATTAAT Ty, | not be disturbed after the middle of April or the first of May according to the latitude. Complete Outfit ‘The Annunciation lily, which ripens its foli- age in August and remains dormant for a short time, should be planted at that season and not be disturbed later. “This lily grows its bulbs close to the surface, hence should not be planted deeply. As it lies near the surface ef the ground it is easily affected by frost in winter and sun in summer. It should, there- fore, have the protection of the vicinity of other plants; lately I have grown them suc- cessfully among the peonies. ‘Their earlier start in the spring enables them to get their heads above the foliage of the peonies before those plants have made much growth and the peonies afford protection from the hot sun during the summer. All lily bulbs are composed of a succession of layers of scales; these are very tender, and in handling the bulbs care should be given that none are broken; when this does occur the broken part should be removed with a sharp knife and no ragged edges left to decay and affect the entire bulb. ‘These broken scales may be planted in sand and will in return pro- duce new bulbs. If one cares to sacrifice a bulb it may be separated into scales and each one planted, base down, in sand and in time will produce a large colony of mature bulbs. Given good soil, drainage and proper plant- ing the lily is fairly healthy and long-lived, but when it becomes apparent that the plant TheVarnish that lasts longest | credit i kel ie Price HAND AND FOOT- POWER $15.00 MACHINERY UR No. 7 SCROLL SAW is warranted to be well made, of good material and workmanship, and to saw pine three inches thick at the rate of one foot a minute NNVUQNQNQQQ00000000UUUUUUU0NNGN00000000000000000UUUUUUNEBANSS SEND FOR CATALOGUE W. F.& Joun Barnes Go. 567 Ruby Street Rockford, III. C/N AAAMAUALAUAUULUUUAUUAUUAUUUUUOUEUEUAUOAUUGUEOUOUEUEUAEUAEUAE OU UeaeunEAANNS Seager ee RY \ /U(AMANMAAAANALULI When the season of rest comes and the bulb is dormant, it may be lifted and examined for the cause; this will often be found to be decay caused by improper drainage, some structural . . injury, or the too close proximity of manure. Made by Murphy Varnish Company. Whatever the causel the! bulbechonldabemaron oughly cleaned and all diseased scales re- moved. Wherever the base of these scales is sound they may be planted, first removing all unsound or diseased parts. Often it will be found that the ants have taken up their home in the bulb; these must be expelled and the bulb planted in a fresh spot; never put an ailing bulb back in the same place, but give it fresh soil, protect it with clean, sharp sand and place the bit of sphagnum moss at the base. Do not remove the protecting mulch too early in the spring but displace a portion at a time. If, as sometimes happens, the lilies start too early they should be covered on cold nights and days, otherwise a sudden freeze may take the tender shoots and that will be Ponanan Panes Poe Pavaee Peseaee bid = = Plant for Immediate Effect # NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS PS Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years to * 2 big = bin grow such trees and shrubs as we offer. We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give an immediate effect. Send for descriptive and price lists. Andorra Nurseries, Chestnut ~till, Philadelphia, Pa. Cogan Gan Raanapepapeae Rae Baas ed March, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xxiii For Floors, Furniture and Interior Woodwork Liberal sample sent free to demonstrate that with Old English Floor Wax you can preserve and accentuate the beauty of your floors better and at less expense and with less trouble on your part than permitted by any other wood finish. Old English Floor Wax is the most satisfactory finish for all interior woodwork, furniture and hard or soft wood floors, It is economical in application and wear, because it costs no more than other high-class finishes, covers more surface per pound and retains its lustre longer in spite of heels and other objects coming in contact with it. Old English Floor Wax is sanitary, because it won’t ‘‘gum up’’ and catch dust and other foreign substances, Cold can’t flake it; heat can’t make it sticky. In1, 2,4. and 8-pound cans. 50 cents per pound. W it f QO F B k **BEAUTIFYING AND CARING rie ior Uur Free DOOK, ror woop FLOORS” which contains expert advice on the care of wood floors, woodwork and furniture. A book to read and keep for future reference. We will also send our question blank, which, filled out, will bring you free, an answer to all your floor troubles. Most dealers carry Old English—if yours cannot supply you, write us direct, giving his name and address and we wil! seni you a Liberal Free Sample of Old English Floor Wax We guarantee our finishes to give entire satisfac- tion when used as directed, or money refunded. A. S. Boyle & Co., Dept. O, Cincinnati, Ohio Largest Exclusive Manufacturers of Floor Wax in the world. Life nia Vf oe For the ld Convalescent iy At no time during a severe sick- i, ness is the patient's vitality at so low an ebb zs in commencing convalescence. It is then the sys- tem must be repaired by building up the wasted tissues and sending rich, red blood through the veins. The crisis is over, but there is still danger of a relapse. Nothing will do more to prevent sinking back into disease and fever than Pabst Exoract The Best Tonic combining as it does the nutritive and digestive elements of pure,rich barley malt with the quieting and tonic effects of the choicest hops. The system easily and thoroughly assimilates the nourishment of- fered in this predigested form. The patient is assured peaceful rest, and refreshing sleep. At the same time the appetite is stimu- lated, causing a desire for, and making possible the digestion of | heavier foods, after which the | road to recovery is short. j Babsi Extraci The Best Tonic : strengthens the weak, builds up the run down, cheers the depressed. It will nourish your nerves, enrich our blood and invigorate your muscles. Ic gives sleep to the sleepless, relieves dyspepsia and is a boon to nursing mothers. 5c at all Druggists Insist upon the original Guaranteed under the National Pure Food Law. U.S. Serial No. 1921. Booklet and picture entitled “Baby's First Adventure’ sent free on request. Pabst Hetract Dept. 22 ‘Milwaukee, Wis. Yh Oo SINCINNATES = f hee ig i - #1 Ib. Covers 300 Sq. Fi y if * ge ay ‘OLD HICKORY $ 123 SPINDLE BACK CHAIR ( Guaranteed most serviceable, comfortable, attractive Chair for Porch and Lawn use ever sold at this remarkably low price. Will stand all sorts of weather. Solidly constructed of genuine white hickory with bark on. Seat 18 inches long, 16 inches deep; height over all, 40 inches. Price, $1.75, freight prepaid east of Mississippi River. 120 other styles of Chairs, Settees, Tables, etc., $1.50 up. Q The OLD Hickory Chairs reached me O.K. last Saturday, and, to use Mrs. Wiles’s expression, ‘‘We are tickled to pieces” over them. They are the pride of the neighborhood. | think | shall want another piece of your furniture later, Many thanks for your favor to me. ERNEST P. WILES, Muncie, Ind. tm, 7 (I take pleasure in advising you that the Chairs shipped to me at Riverside, N. Y., have been : received, and | am more than pleased with them. If | have occasion to buy anything more of this character, you may be sure that the OLD Hickory Chair Company will cet the order. A. M. HARRIS, New York, N. Y. ( Be sure to get the “OLD Hickory” Furniture, and see that our trade-mark is on every piece. If your dealer will not supply you, remit direct to us. Ask for new 48- page illustrated catalogue and our Special Introductory Offer FREE. THE OLD HICKORY CHAIR CO. 153 CHERRY STREET MARTINSVILLE, IND. “The Original ‘Old Hickory’ Furniture Manufaéturers”’ raape nape No.4, Single Strap Harness with Curved Breast Collar. Price complete $11.25. As good as sells for $5.00 more. FOR THE HOME FOR THE CHURCH FOR THE STORE IN ALL CLASSIC AND CMODERN STYLES | 34 Years Selling Direct} Our vehicles and harness have been sold direct from our factory to user for a third of a cen- tury. Weship for examination and approval and guarantee safedelivery. You’re out noth- ing if not satistied as to style, quality and price. ) We Are The Largest Manufacturers In The World selling to the consumer exclusively. Wemake ! 200 styles of Vehicles, 65 styles of Harness, Send for large, tree catalogue. "THE beauty of the Berger designs and the perfect-fifting Berger joints make these the ceilings par excellence for rooms in which appearance 1s an important consideration. Compare the price with the cost of plaster! poston |HE BERGER MFG. CO., CANTON, 0, s1'xo0i8 MAKERS OF SHEET-STEEL AND IRON, ARCHITECTURAL SHEET-METAL WORK, STEEL WINDOW- FRAMES AND SASH, FIREPROOFING, METAL OFFICE FURNITURE, CONCRETE REINFORCING, QC, i No, 654, Top Buggy with Late Automobile Style } t Sent, Bike Gear and 7g In, Guaranteed Rubber Tires, fj Price complete, $68.00, As good as sells for 825 00 wy to $30.00 more. XXIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1907 “PAYMENT CONDITIONAL UPON SUCCESS” Smoky Fireplaces Cooking Odors Remedied Prevented WENTY YEARS’ EXPERIENCE in dealing with the above HE WHITLEY SYSTEM OF KITCHEN VENTILATION will trouble. Thoroughly trained workmen employed. In most prevent the kitchen odors from permeating the premises. cases work can be done without defacing decorated walls and Designed and installed to meet individual requirements. Suit- with little inconvenience to the household. able for fine residences, hotels, clubs, institutions, etc. Examinations and estimates without charge within 500 miles of New York Contracts entered into with the understanding that the charges are for results The following are a few of the many thousands who have availed themselves of my services Grover Cleveland, Princeton, N. J. Union League Club, New York Morris K. Jesup McKim, Mead & White W. A. Slater, Washington, D. C. Hon. Whitelaw Reid Henry Clews Carrere & Hastings Mrs. John Hay, Washington, D.C. Hon. Joseph H. Choate Joseph Pulitzer Hunt & Hunt Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. J. Pierpont Morgan R. Fulton Cutting C. P. H. Gilbert Brown University, Providence, R. I. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. U.S. Government for :— Ernest Flagg Senator Aldrich, Providence, R. I. Col. John J. Astor White House, Washington, D.C. Woodruff Leeming Clement B. Newbold, Jenkintown, Pa. George J. Gould U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. Howells & Stokes University Club, New York Schickel & Ditmars JOHN WHITLEY, Engineer and Contractor 215 Fulton Street sae Brooklyn, New York THIS 18 THE AGE OF THE MAF T AL SHINGLE Inflammable wood shingles, heavy slate, brittle tile and unsightly paper or tar have seen their day The New Century Metal Shingles ARCHITECTS Butcher’s Boston Polish Is the best finish made for FLOORS, Interior Woodwork and Furniture. 4 Not brittle; will neither scratch nor : deface like shellac or varnish, Is not soft and sticky like beeswax. Perfectly transparent, press the natural color and beauty of the wood, ithout doubt the most economical and satisfactory Po.isH known for HarpWwoop FLoors, are fireproof, are light, are unbreakable, are artistic, are handsomely embossed, lock perfectly and are patented. And then figure on this—that they are cheaper than wood, cheaper than anything when you figure all the savings involved, cost of insurance, etc. For Sale by Dealers in Paints, Hardware Don’t fail to get booklet, No. 25, we send you free, chuck full of the roofing rn = le pert : oh j io j st. estimates. designs, etc end for our PREE Bi telling of the snany bes ge, que stion, comparative cost, estimates, designs, etc. ndvantages of BUTCHER’S BOSTON POLISH. Painted Tin, Galvanized ~GHATTANOOGA ROOFING & FOUNDRY CG. | CHATTANOOGA, TENN. THE BUTCHER POLISH CO. 856 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass. Tin, Copper, etc. New York Office, 440 Greenwich Street Our No. 3 Reviver dp se el paron finieh for @ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. @ The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration 1s The Architectural Record q If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a sample copy—free THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY 14-16 Vesey Street, New York March, 1907 the end of the lilies for that year, if, indeed, they ever come up again. Last spring my own lilies made an unusually early start—prob- ably owing to the unusually heavy protection they had during winter and the heavy snow, and an unexpected cold wave took nearly all of them, literally cooking them; the same wave also killed all the asparagus above ground—a thing I never knew to happen before. Never remove the dead stem from a lily by pulling it out, this may cause a fatal injury to the bulb; cut it off close to the ground if it is desired to obliterate it, but it is wiser to allow a portion at least to remain above ground as it serves to mark the exact location of the bulb. Another thing: the stem of the lily always forms a number of small bulblets near the sur- face of the ground; these, when the stem has ripened may be removed and planted and in two or three years will form blossoming bulbs. FURNISHING A DARK OR A COLD NORTH ROOM By Alexander Hooper N MANY houses one finds a room so badly lighted that it always has a gloomy aspect. By a proper use of color such a room may be made comparatively light and cheerful. The woodwork should be painted white, and the walls covered with ingrain paper of a deep, soft yellow. If the paper is not avail- able, paint or calcimine that color; if paint is used, stipple it. Calcimine the ceiling in a light shade of yellow, and if portieres are used, let them be of a duller shade of yellow. Drape the windows in point d’esprit or bobbi- net, and have curtains of some thick, soft ma- terial in yellow, to screen the windows at night. “They should be hung on brass rods with rings that can be easily drawn. If the room is used for a bedroom have the bedstead of brass or white enamel and all the other ‘furniture of white enamel or light wood. The bedspread should be white, or, white and yel- low. The floor should be light, and the rugs should have a good deal of yellow in them. The pictures should be light prints or water- colors framed in gold or old ivory. If pos- sible, have one or two good-sized mirrors placed where they will reflect the light. A cold north room may be treated in any shade of red, or deep, warm yellow. Have the woodwork stained a soft brown or ma- hogany color, or, if staining is not possible, paint it a mahogany color. Cover the walls with a paper having a cream ground on which are thrown red flowers with their green foli- age; poppies, chrysanthemums, roses, etc., are all satisfactory. Select a pattern having long, loose sprays of flowers. Get crepe, cretonne, or chintz in the same pattern and coloring and make the bedspread, window draperies, and covers for cushions; or the cushion may be covered with denim in the shade of red of the flowers or the green of the foliage. The floor should be stained the same color as the woodwork, and the pre- dominating colors in the rug should be green and red. Use dark woods in the furniture. ‘This scheme of color could be carried out in a living-room or dining-room having a north- ern exposure. “he paper on the wall should be plain and in a dull Indian or Venetian red. The draperies might be a shade of olive ma- terial having much yellow in it; the carpet or rug a deep, dull red, with a mixture of terra cotta, old blue, and olive. ‘The mahogany fur- niture, if upholstered, should be in dull red or olive; if terra cotta or yellow be chosen, carry out the scheme in the same manner. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XXV Character in Doors The doors of your house should be chosen for their character and should be in harmony with the architectural motif. Doors should so combine good design with good construction as to become an integral and permanent part of the building. Morgan Doors meet these specifications as no other doors do. The products of the Morgan shops not only prove their superiority to the discriminating eye, but are sold under an agreement that is an unconditional guarantee of satisfactory service. They cost no more than other doors. Write today for our illustrated booklet ‘‘The Door Beautiful’’ telling you more about them. Sent free on request. Architects and builders are urged to write for our 64-page catalogue entitled **The Perfect Door,” sent free where the requeat is written on business stationary. Morgan Company, Dept. A, OshKosh, Wisconsin. Distributing Points: Morgan Sash and Door Company, West 22nd and Union Streets, Chicago, Ill. Morgan Company. Union Trust Building, Baltimore, Maryland. Mills and Yards, Foster City, Michigan. House building greatly facilitated when you are equipped with the proper machinery. When you are surfacing your material, why American Homes not double-surface it on a Fay & Egan No. MORE EASILY BUILT 215 Double Cylinder Surface Flaning Machine? It will meet every requirement in small Planing Mills, Sash and Door, and Furniture factories. The frame is very heavy, the metal being so distributed as to with- stand the strain of the working parts without vibration. The lower cylinder with the bed and lower feed rolls are quickly adjustable to suit any thickness, and have a vertical adjust- ment by hand-wheel and screw. ‘The pres- sure bars are so arranged as to adjust themselves automatically and maintain a proper pressure at all times. are four feed rolls of large diameter, driven by very strong expansion gearing. WRITE US FOR CATALOG J. A. FAY & EGAN CO. 209-229 W, FRONT STREET CINCINNATI, OTTO Cylinder belted at both ends. Improved tight- ener for feed belt. Fric- ae tion rolls in each end ‘2 of bed. Self acting BY pressure bars. Bed raised and lowered in extra wide gibs. No. 2% Doub'e Cylinder Surface Planing Machine. There AMERICAN HOMES XXV1 AND GARDENS March, 1907 $13.29 Value for $5.20 SENT WITHOUT MONEY HOUSE AND GARDEN, year’s subscrip- JUST WRITE US AS FOLLOWS: tion, : c - « $3.00 The John C. Winston Co., 1000 Arch St., Philadelphia : AMERICAN COUNTRY HOMES AND eee eeinakees algae jue coy omes an eir ardens THEIR GARDENS, a magnificent for one year. When the Beck and pasate Bui I work, equivalent to any work sold at 10.00 will either remit Toh apache A Ae your expense, Homes and Gardens.” Total value, $13.00 American Country Homes and Their Gardens AL MAGNIFICENT new subscrip- tion work, edited by John Cordis Baker, with introduction by Donn Barber. Four hundred and twenty superb photo- graphic illustrations (many full page) of the most attractive estates in the country, both large and small---houses, interiors and gardens. These have been selected from all parts of the United States, and are the masterpieces of the foremost architects and landscape gardeners. For those about to build, or lay out their grounds, this book is a veritable mine of practical suggestions; and it is just as in- valuable to those who desire to redecorate their homes and improve their gardens. It is a sumptuous ornament for any library. Bound in handsome cloth, with gold and ink stamping, 226 pages, frontispiece in colors. This book weighs over four pounds and costs 35 cents to mail. It was made to be worth $10.00, and even at this price it is the best book of its kind ever published. HOUSE AND GARDEN For Home Lovers is the most beautifully illustrated and printed monthly magazine in America RIMFUL of practical ideas for both house and garden. Architects’ and landscape gardeners’ plans are reproduced and made available for the general reader. Every phase of artis- tic interior decoration is shown by photographic reproductions. If you are building a house, decorating aroom, or fixing up your garden or lawn, “ House and Garden” will instruct you how to make one dollar do the work of two. It will earn its sub- scription price many times over, no matter into what home it goes. Special Offer THE BOOK—Eaual of any book sold at $10.00 On receipt of letter written as explained at the beginning of this advertisement, we will immediately ship you ‘‘ American Country Homes and Their Gardens” and copy of current issue of ‘House and Garden.” If the book and magazine are satisfactory remit $5.00 within 5 days, or return book at our expense. L The Magazine, Issued Monthly, $3 a year THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO., 1000 Arch Street, Philadelphia by inclosing your grounds with the strongest, most ornamental and durable fence on the market. This illustration can give you buta faint idea of the beauties of ROSSMAN STEEL & IRON WIRE FENCE It has all the advantages of any other form of fence without their disadvantages, and is made in several sizes and styles to meet all require- ments. Complete illustrated catalogue mailed onrequest. Kindly ask for CatalogueG. Do it to-day. SLEETH-BROOK & SEAMAN CO. 253 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY m=) Bound Volumes «: American Homes and Gardens aa . ie response to many requests of both new and old A MER IC AN: subscribers we have caused a beautiful design to be ef : repared and expensive register dies cut so as to HONRDENS | Sarena a most errnielcower The beautiful green cloth is most substantial, and the book is sewn by hand to give the necessary strength for so heavy a volume. The decoration of the cover is unique. There are five colors of imported composition leaf and inks, artistically blended. It is hardly possible to give an idea of this beautiful cover. The top edges of the book are gilded. : for the semi-annual volume of 1905, Price, $3.50 containing the first six issues published of this periodical. f for the 1906 volume containing all Price, $5.00 the numbers of the year. Prepaid to any address in the United States or Canada. MUNN & COMPANY, No. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY OR those who have the numbers we have prepared a lim- ited number of. cases which are identical with those used on the bound volumes. Any bookbinder can sew the book in the case for a moderate price. We will send this case strongly packed, for $1.50 COLOR SCHEME FOR SMALL HOUSE By Alexander Hooper Wee few people when furnishing a small house or flat are aware that old blue is one of the best colors to choose for a foundation. In a house where, as a rule, all the rooms open into one another, espe- cial care must be taken to preserve harmony. It is better, then, to select one color which shall run through all the rooms. Old blue is the color par excellence in such a case, com- bined with tan, gray, or white for the rugs, while the same scheme prevails in the heavy draperies. A lovely little house has a parlor and library in one. “he large rug, covering the greater part of the room, is old blue and gray. In front of the fireplace is a long, light gray fur rug. A broad, low lounge is covered with dark gray. It is always better to cover a lounge in a solid color, as it takes more kindly to the pillows of various hues. “Vhe large dining-room rug is old blue and tan, with smaller rugs of tawny brown. ‘The bedroom has an old blue and white rug and white fur smaller ones. Let old blue predominate everywhere in the floor furnishings and draperies, but not to the exclusion of all other colors elsewhere, for where one color only is used the effect as a whole is flat. Odd, bright color touches in the way of pillows, odd bits of china and bric-a-brac, but always with an eye to what is the proper color for each room. Be careful to see that all the rooms blend into a beauti- ful harmony. In a bedroom white enameled or bird’s-eye maple is exquisite where two or three pieces of fresh old mahogany are added. Each heightens the other’s beauty in a most charm- ing manner. A room furnished entirely in mahogany has a heavy, dismal effect, but in a parlor and library combined, say in a flat or small house, place a large, quaintly carved old desk, and one of those highly polished round card tables, and see what an air they give to the aD and equally beautiful fur- niture. In the foe room a square mahogany table with a surface like glass, and even a small buffet or china cabinet will be quite enough of the antique to set otf everything else in the room. Have exquisitely drawn linen doilies, cardles in rose-colored shades, and a_pro- fusion of say pink carnations, and you have a lovely lunch table. In a house the hall should be a leading fea- ture—enticing—not cold, bare, and cheerless, repelling one from further acquaintance with the house or its mistress. Old blue is a good friend of a slim purse, as well as the most artistic color to work upon. Dull, soft greens are equally pleasing to the eye until they fade or grow dingy from use. But old blue _re- mains true blue to the end of the chapter. poo relating to Architecture, Decoration, Furniture, Rugs, Ceramics, etc., will be recommended and supplied by our well- equipped Book Depart- ment. MUNN & COMPANY Publishers of Scientific American 361 Broadway, New York . March, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XXVii GARDEN FURNITURE Fountains, Statuary, Col- umns, Pergolas, Balus- trades, Standards, Sun Dials, Pedestals, Benches, Tables, Vases, Well- Heads, Wall-Fountains, Lions, Sphinxes, etc., in Marble, Bronze, Stone, and Pompeian Stone that successfully withstands the American weather. and estimates sent Illustrations direct or through your architect. NRY Rie & CO. WEST 15TH =e NEW YORK ce i 3 WRITE FOR OUR BOOK Plants and Plans for Beautiful Surroundings It is full of invaluable information, illustrations of flowers and beautiful lawns, : It shows how the modest as well as the most ; extensive grounds can easily be made charming and attractive, There is nothing more pleasing and delightful to cultured taste than artistic § and properly planted grounds, We grow and import all of the choicest hardy plants, shrubs, trees, box and bay trees for creating beautiful landscape effects in formal or natural landscape gardening. Write now, lest you forget. Wagner Park Conservatories Box 207 Sidney, Ohio The Nursery Exchange ss.¥sx satee" y g BOSTON, MASS. Established by trained and responsible nurserymen, familiar with the best stock grown in American and European nurseries. Orders will be filled for you at the cost of Production, with a minimum commission added for buying, and customers in any part of the country may rely upon receiving only the finest specimens which can be selected through personal and ex- pert inspection. We will save you enough in both ways to arouse your interest in our direction. If you will ask for our special estimates upon orders for any and every species and variety of TREES, SHRUBS, RHO- DODENDRONS, FRUIT, ROSES, EVERGREENS and HERBACEOUS PLANTS which are catalogued either here or in Europe, as experts with 25 years’ experience in the handling of such stock, we confidently promise a saving of from 25% to 40% onall bills. This insures honest service in securing only the choicest material, free of disease and insect pests, care- fully dug and packed, and absolutely true to name—and, what is most im- portant, prompt shipment. Western and Middle States orders delivered without exorbitant transportation charges. This system commends itself to every buyer, and is worthy of attention. We fill small orders as care- fully as. large ones. Printed list of net prices mailed on request, or esti- mates made upon any special list of items required. We will send Land- scape plans by mai! or send experts to advise upon all Landscape gardening THE NURSERY EXCHANGE Operations at a nominal cost. Have 155 MILK ST., COR, BROAD had 20 years’ experience in this sve- BOSTON, MASS, cial work in every part of the country. Telephone: Fort Hill $59 ST BSS ey If you are thinking of build- ing with Concrete Brocks send for valuable facts on common- sense methods, Cement, Its Life and Ef- ficiency. Save money ‘and annoyance, : 407 BOSTON BLOCK Ners Erickson MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. SS SE SSS What is Roofing Tin? How is 1t Made? As a Property Owner or Architect did you ever ask these questions and receive a satistac- tory reply? We know there are many men who would like some definite information along these lines, and have, therefore, compiled a book entitled ‘‘From Underfoot to Overhead’’ which carefully describes the process of making Roofing Tin from start to finish. The information it contains is invaluable to you if you are inter- ested in building, and we will promptly send you a copy if you will write for it and mention this pubiication. By using any of the Brands shown below you can procure the very best protection from the elements. These stencils appear in the corner of the sheet, and you will notice the amount of coating carried per box of 20x28 - 112 sheets is clearly shown. This protects you from substitution—a point which we believe you will fully appreciate. aN OLo 3 S> x AAAA 40 POUNDS COATING 3 35 POUNDS COATING AMERICAN AMERICAN NUMETHODD NUMETHODD B oO 40 POUNDS COATING 30 POUNDS COATING 32 POUNDS COATING wo ¢ x AAA ‘% = AA 30 POUNDS COATING 25 POUNDS COATING AMERICAN SHEET & TIN PLATE COMPANY, 1406 Frick Building, PURI SBUIRGE BAx ni , ae oe | my ( yen me 'y _ em i ou “ wh ‘a | | i Nl A ca 5 mC “WORKS LIKE MAGIC” Ai il, io AD-EL-ITE PAINT AND VARNISH REMOVER takes off old paint and \ ) Mente wax and shellac from any surface. Apply with a brush—wipe off witha (fl rag; the old finish comes off with it clean to the wood; no odor, no stain, no injury Ni to the hands or finest fabric; does not injure the grain of the wood nor ev: aporate from the wood before the work is finished. Never Put On Any Kind of New Finish Over the Old Finish. The removal of the old finish is absolutely necessary in refinishing all kinds of wood, no matter what finish is to be applied, if a satisfactory, smooth, new surface is tobe obtained. AD-EL-ITE ONE-COAT DULL FINISH—the Original Mission Finish, All Shades—makes old furniture, floors, picture frames and all wood-work new. Anyone can beautify his or her home ata small expense by using Ad-el-ite One-Coat Dull Finish. It produces the only modern and up-to-date Ci a finish that will not scratch or mar; gives a permanent color that does not wear off or fade, and when “ae used on hardwood floors no wax is required. ae Send us the name and address of your paint dealer and get free sample of AD-EL-ITE Paint and Varnish Remover and Booklet containing valuable hints on how to beautify every room in the house at a small expense. The AD-EL-ITE People CHICAGO, ILL. ee name XXVIll vention for a term of seventeen years. You can sell, lease, mortgage it, assign portions of it, and BESK grant licenses to manufacture under it. Our Patent system is responsible for much of our industrial progress and our success in competing in the markets of the world. The value of a successful Patent is in no degree commensurate with the almost nominal cost of obtaining it. In order to obtain a Patent it is necessary to employ a Patent Attorney to prepare the specifications and draw the claims. This is a special branch of the legal profession which can only be conducted successfully by experts. For nearly sixty years we have acted as solicitors for thousands of clients in all parts of the world. Our vast experience en- ables us to prepare and prosecute Patent cases and Trade Marks at a minimum of expense. Our work is of one quality and the rates are the same to rich and poor. Our unbiased opinion freely given. Ve are happy to consult with you in person or by letter as to the probable patentability of your invention. A PATENT gives you an exclusive right to your in- Hand Book on Patents, Trade Marks, etc., Sent Free on Application. Branch Office: cCMUNN c& COMPANY 625 F Street Solicitors of Patents Washington, D.C. — Main Office: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK Details of Building Construction By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University Price, $2.00 A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introduo- tory text. This book is 10 by 123 in. in size, and substantially bound in cloth. For Sale by When you build repair or buy a house MUNN & COMPANY, 361 Broadway, New York | The life of your building Look to the Root ! a ae AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS March, 1907 PATE Nees THE WEALTH OF NATIONS What About Plans? OST of us build but once, and it means a good deal to have the home built r7g4z, The house shown above is the kind of Architect’s work and design that is published monthly in Keith’s Magazine the leading monthly magazine on Home Building, Decorating and Furnishing, that makes a sfecia/ty of $2500 to $10,000 homes. Each issue contains Complete | cial Articles and Regular De- Descriptions, Color Schemes, | partments on Architectural De- Estimates, large Exterior Views | tails, Interior Decoration, Home and full Floor Plans of from 6 to | Furnishing, the Grounds, etc. 15 designs selected from the | $1.50 per year; (Foreign, $2). current work of leading Archi- | Single copies, 15 cents; ali tects; also many illustrated Spe- | news stands. Special Offers. Subscribe within 30 days and you get 4 extra recent issues, including a double 100-page number on Bungalows. These extra issues alone contain about 40 Plans. Sample copy mailed for names of three leading Local Con- tractors. My 192-page book, ‘‘ Practical House Decoration,’’ full of Exterior Views and New Ideas on Decorating Moderate Price Homes; $1 a copy—with a yearly subscription for $2. Max L. Keith, Publisher 590 Lumber Exchange Minneapolis, Minn. Colonial Houses FOR MODERN HOMES A collection of designs of Houses with Colonial (Georgian) details but arranged with modern com- forts and with the completeness of the twentieth century. Written and Illustrated dy E. S. CHILD, Architect They show large, correctly drawn perspectives, full floor plans, and complete descriptions, with estimates of cost. The designs are new, original, unique, consistent, but not stiff nor constrained. Made, not by an artist, but by an architect. They combine beauty of exterior with complete and convenient interiors, with Kitchens, Laundries, Pantries and Closets carefully and skilfully con- sidered. If you are at all interested in the subject, you will enjoy this publication. PRICE, Postpaid, TWO DOLLARS MUNN & COMPANY 361 Broadway : : New York City Until you had the bitter experience, you have no idea how a poor roof can keep you poor paying for repairs, repainting, renewals, etc. lives, health and property of the occupants from leaks or fire. age, annoyance and trouble from garret to cellar. You'll have no such worries with Genuine Bangor Slate Roofs **Outlive the building without paint or repairs’’ Can you ask more of a roof ? Genuine Bangor Slate Co. It may endanger the It will cause dam- STUDY ARCHITECTURE EASY LESSONS Our Free Roof Book OR STEPPING-STONE TO ARCHITECTURE Fair Bldg. - Easton, Pa. gives all the facts about all the roofs—the words of the tin people on tin the shingle “‘ *‘ shingles the tile sa mentile the patent ** tar, asphalt, gravel, etc. slate +e 46 46 the slate Write for it now! BY THOMAS MITCHELL SIMPLE TEXT-BOOK telling in a series of plain and simple answers to questions all about the various orders, as well as the general principles of con- struction. The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy cream plate paper, and illustrated by 150 engravings, amongst which are illustrations of various historic buildings. The book is 12mo in size and is attractively bound in cloth. PRICE, FIFTY CENTS, POSTPAID MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers PRICE, 25 CENTS JUS TD PU BL Ws ED W ALL PAPERS @ WALL COVERINGS cA PRACTICAL HANDBOOK For Decorators, Paperhangers, Architects, Build- ers and House Owners, with many half-tone and other illustrations showing the latest designs. By ARTHUR SEYMOUR JENNINGS Extract from Preface The author has endeavored to include char- acteristic designs in vogue to-day, and to give reliable information as to the choice of wall papers as well as to describe the practical methods of applying them. In dealing with matters concerning decoration there is always the danger of leaning too much toward an ideal and of overlooking the practical requirements of commercial life. The author hopes that he has been successful in avoiding this fault, and that his book will be regarded as both practical and useful. One Large 8vo Volume, Cloth. Price, $2 cCMUNN 6& CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK Anchor Fence IUEOHTAESS ALON EGTONATOG HE rH nnae MTT HH A Permanent Improvement to Your Grounds It costs as much to put up a poor fence as a good one. Why not get the best?) Anchor Ornamental Fence combines service and long life with a hand- some appearance that is permanent. The man who encloses his grounds with Anchor fence never re- grets his choice. Many styles from which toselect, Suitable for yards, spacious lawns, parks, etc. 7 Anchor Farm Fence made of all hard wire, gives double the strength of soft wire fences. It is easy to build over uneven ground, and the celebrated Anchor lock prevents wire from slipping. It is the one farm fence that stands up tight and erect. Before you buy either ornamental or farm fence again, write for our Fence Book 20 for particulars. Anchor Fence and Mfg. Co., Cleveland, O. HOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT A Bradley Polytechnic Institute as PEORIA, ILLINOIS tand Best Watch School in America * . We teach Watch Work, Jewelry, Engraving, ge ee =~ Clock Work, Optics. Tuition reasonable. This Entire Building Used Board and rooms near school at moderate for Watch Sc fates. Send for Catalogue of Information. Artistic HMantels @ OUR CATALOGUES con- tain 130 designs, including Mission, ® Colonial, ® White, Mahogany & Oak. Every- thing, from the very cheapest to the best. @ Fireplace Hardware and Tiling of every description. Catalogue free. The Geo. W. Clark Co. 91 Dearborn Street 306 Main Street Chicago, Ill. Jacksonville, Fla. Factory, Knoxville, Tenn. BUILDING Construction and Superintendence By F. E. KIDDER, Ph.D., F.A.I.A. Consulting Architect and Author of “Zhe Architect's and Builder's Pocket Book™ Part I. Masons W ork 430 Pages. 260 Illustrations Part II. Carpenters Work 550 Pages. 530 Illustrations FUST PUBLISHED Part III. Trussed Roofs and Roof Trusses 298 Pages. 306 Illustrations Each volume 7x 934 inches, Substantial cloth binding Price for Parts I and II, $4.00 each Price for Part III, $3.00. Sold Separately Munn & Co.,361 Broadway, New York Study Architecture EASY LESSONS, or Stepplag Stone to ARCHITECTURE. By THOS. MITCHELL. ~ & A simple text book telling in a series of plain and simple answers to questions all about the various orders as well as the general principles of con- struction. The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy cream plate paper and illus- trated by 150 engravings, amongst which are illustra- . tions of various historic build- ings. The book is 12mo. in size, and is attractively bound in cloth. Se Se Price, 50c. post Paid. MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York City MENNEN'S BORATED TALCUM | Unsettled Weather of Spring months, with its raw chill winds, is especially hard on delicate complexions, unless protected and kept soft and clear by @aily use of MENNEN’S tau: POWDER Talcum A delightful healing and soothing toilet necessity, containing none of the risky chemicals found in cheap toilet powders imitating Mennen’s. Just get the habit of using Mennen’s every day of the year, after y shaving and after bathing. Put up _ in non - refilla- ble boxes, for our rotec- dion: tt Men- nen’s face is on the cover, it’s genuine and a guarantee of purity. Delightful after shaving. Sold everywhere, or by mail25 cents, Guaran- teed under the Food and Drugs Act, June 30, 1906. Serial No. 1542. SAMPLE FREE. GERHARD MENNEN CO. Newark, N.J. Try Mennen's Vioe let(Borated) Talcum Powder. It has the scent of fresh cut Parma Violets. ALCOHOL ITS MANUFACTURE ITS DENATURIZATION ITS INDUSTRIAL USE The Cost of Manufacturing Denatur- ized Alcohol in Germany and Ger- man Methods of Denaturization are discussed by Consul-General Frank H. Mason in Scientific American Supplement 1550. The Use, Cost and Efficiency of Alcohol asa Fuel for Gas Engines are ably explained by H. Diedrichs in Scientific American Supplement 1596. Many clear dia- grams accompany the text. The article con- siders the fuel value and physical properties of alcohol, and gives details of the alcohol engine wherever they may be different from those of gasoline or crude oil motor. The Production of Industrial Alcohol and Its Use in Explosive Motors are treated at length in Scientific American Supplement 1581, valuable statistics being given of the cost of manufacturing alcohol from farm products and using it in engines. French Methods of Denaturization constitute the subject of a good article pub- lished in Scientific American Supplement 1599. How Industrial Alcohol is Made and Used is told very fully and clearly in No. 3, Vol. 95, of the Scientific American. The Most Complete Treatise on the Modern Manufacture of Alcohol explaining thoroughly the chemical principles which underlie the process, without too many wearisome technical phrases, and describing and illustrating all the apparatus required in an alcohol plant, is published in Scientific American Supplements 1603, 1604 and 1605. The article is by L. Baudry de Saunier, the well-known French authority. In Supplements 1607, 1608 and 1609 we publish a digest of the rules and regulations under which the United States Internal Rev- enue will permit the manufacture and dena- turization of tax-free alcohol. ANY SINGLE NUMBER o@f the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN: or SUPPLEMENT will be sent for 10 cents by mail. The entire set of papers above listed will be mailed on receipt of $1.10. Order from your newsdealer or from Munn & Co., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York TOILET POWDER & —e April, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES’ AND | GARDENS Comfori, Luxury, Convenience, Health attend the installation of “Standard Porcelain Enameled Ware in the home. For the sanitary equipment of the bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, laundry, ‘otandard” Ware 1 Is a constant guarantee of Sahetactiont and its life-long service distinctly increases the property value of your home, while the china-like purity of its white enameled surface is a con- stant source of pleasure and delight 1 In usage. Our Book, “MODERN BATHROOMS,” tells you how CAUTION: Every piece of “Standard” Ware bears our to plan, buy and arrange your bathroom, and illustrates many “ “ce tr beautiful and inexpensive as well as luxurious rooms, showing Standard” “GREEN and GOLD guarantee label, and has our the cost of each fixture in detail, together with many hints on trade-mark “Standard” cast on the outside. Unless the label and decoration, tiling, etc. It is the most complete and beautiful trade-mark are on the fixture tt ts not “Standard” Ware. Refuse booklet ever issued on the subject, and contains 100 pages. substitutes—they are all infertor and will cost you more in the FREE for six cents postage, and the name of your plumber é , ; and architect (if selected). end. The word “Standard” ts stamped on all our nickeled brass fittings ; specify them and see that you get the genuine trim- The ABOVE FIXTURES, Design No. P-35, can be purchased from any plumber at a cost approximating $514.00—not counting freight, labor mings with your bath and lavatory, etc. or piping—and are descrited in detail among the others. actress Standard Sanitary M)fg, Co. Dept. 23, Pittsburgh, U.S. A. Offices and Showrooms in New York: ‘Standard’ Building, 35-37 West 31st Street London, England, 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. New Orleans, Cor. Baronne and St. Joseph Streets Louisville, 325-329 West Main St. Pittsburgh Showroom, 949 Penn Ave. Cleveland, 208-210 Huron St. @| S| N hy y N 4 Ny 4 \ \ » \ 5 v iN Vl ‘I a AI * 4 SI be yy = ee RE, = “Standard” Design B Kitchen. . “Standard” Design I Laundry. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1907 i bi Ga ea JUST PUBLISHED RUMFORD FIREPLACES AND HOW THEY ARE MADE By G. CURTIS GILLESPIE, M.E., Architet “The fire that warms men’s souls” Containing Benjamin, Count Rumford’s Essay on “Proper Fireplace Construction” PLEA for a more general consideration of the form and proportion of a very much neglected feature of our homes and buildings, with nearly 200 illustra- tions, including the original Rumford drawings, diagrams for fireplace construc- tion, and numerous ancient and modern mantels and fireplaces, 100 andiron designs, and other details and fixtures, together with preface and explanatory notes. One 12mo volume, Cloth. Price, postpaid, $2. Modern Plumbing Illustrated The only thorough and practical work issued on the modern and most approved methods of plumbing construction, illustrating and describing the drainage and ventilation of dwellings, apartments, public buildings, etc. The standard work for plumbers, architects, builders, property owners, and for boards of health and plumbing examiners. 384 large quarto pages. Fully illustrated by 55 full-page and detailed engravings. One large 8vo volume. Cloth. Price, postpaid, $4. Architects’ Directory for 1907 Giving the name and address of every architect, including landscape and naval, in the United States and Canada. One 8vo volume. Red cloth, white letter- ing. Price, postpaid, $3. 2 hs By E. NOETZL Practical Drapery Cutting y J A handbook on cutting and fixing curtains, draperies, etc., with descriptions and practical notes, for the use of upholsterers, cutters and apprentices. Composed of a series of 30 plates, comprising over 160 illustrations. One quarto volume. Cloth. Price, $5, net. A Glossary of Terms Used in Architecture By THOMAS DINHAM ATKINSON, Archited A practical book on the terms used in architecture. This little work should be in the hands of every architect, draughtsman, student and those interested in understanding the terms used in architecture. Containing 265. illustrations. Cloth. Price, $1.50, net. The Student’s and Draughtsman’s Library Club Send for catalogue and information as to buying technical books on easy terms of payment. Specification Index A form for writing specifications, consisting of 555 cards, covering all the sub- jects likely to arise in writing specifications for buildings. Send for circular and sample cards. Cardboard box, price $6, net. Metal box, price $7.75, net. Blank cards (for interpolation), 50 cents per hundred. ie Send for general : book catalogue and sample copy of ‘‘Architects’ and Builders’ Magazine”’ WILLIAM T. COMSTOCK, Publisher 23 WARREN STREET NEW YORK By R. M. STARBUCK | When You Build Your New Home The right selection of the hardware trim- mings is an important point to be considered and is one of the artistic details that should be decided according to your own taste. Although the cost of the hardware is trifling in comparison to the cost of the home, it is one of the most important of the permanent decorations. SARGENT’S Artistic Hardware combines decorative beauty with durable utility. Our beautiful Book of Designs, which is sent free on application, will enable you to select a pattern to harmonize with any style of architec- ture. It will give you practical assistance and prevent the annoyance that always comes from the careless selection of inferior locks and building hardware. This beautiful Book of Designs shows fifty- eignt Patterns of Artistic Hardware, and gives countless valuable suggestions. It’s yours for the asking. SARGENT & CO., 156 Leonard St., New York. ¢ 00° 2, Mexican Palm Leaf Hat Hand woven by Mexicans in Mexico from palm fiber. Double weave, durable and light weight, _ with colored design in brim, Retails at $1. cf a upd Postpaid for 50c., 2 for 90c., to introduce our Mexican hats and drawn-work. Same ‘ ae hat, plain, 40c.; both for 75c. Large, S es medium and small sizes. Fine for fishing. © = YL ae outings and gardening. Art Catalogue of *“ CBee Mexican Sombreros free. : THE FRANCIS E. LESTER CO., Dept. AF5, Mesilla Park, N. IM. Largest Retailers Indian-Mexican Handicraft in the World THE PERFUME PLANT One of the most delightful of floral novelties is the wonderful Perfume Plant. It is a biennial, growing about one foot in height. The blossoms, which are closed during the day, open at evening and fill the air with the most delicious and far carrying fragrance. A few plants growing in the garden or on the lawn will on a summer evening exhale a perfume which may be detected half a block or moreaway. Itgrows in all climates, and on any soil, The seed of the Perfume Plant is very reasonable in in price—10 cents a packet, 25 cents an ounce, postpaid, and should be sown freely on every house-lot and in all gardens. Once tried, no one would be without it. This charming novelty was intro- duced into America by, and may be obtained together with our 132-page catalog *+ only from Northrup, King & Co. SEEDSMEN 69 Hennepin Avenue Minneapolis, Minn. Order now, as this offer will not appear again. April, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ill HALL CLOCKS That are beautiful in design, finest in con- struction, richest in tone of chimes and superior time- keepers are some of the reasons that have made our business grow so rapidly. Waltham Clocks have a standard of value, whether it is a Hall Clock, “Banjo,” Marble Clock, or Regulator. Nothing Better at, Any Price If your local jeweler does not sell our line send direct for our new illustrated catalogue Galtham Clock Company WALTHAM, MASS. OLD-FASHIONED FLOWERS 2.2822" O know them is to love them; to know them well is to love them dearly. They are not for a few months of a single season only; but, like the good friend and true, they remain for all time with those who love them, revealing their sweetness and increased beauty as the years pass by. ‘These hardy flowers flourish in almost every soil, need but little care, and require no special knowledge to succeed with them. That those who have never ordered of me may, at small outlay, learn of the excellence of my Hardy Perennials, I offer the following special collections by mail postpaid—all well-developed plants which will bloom freely the first season: 8 Double Hollyhocks, all different... 12 Hardy Phlox, no two alike.............. 1z2 Hardy Chrysanthemums, all dif- LETS DIUM eases ets cevcuseseachtees 10 Columbines, choice named 12 German Iris, choice named 12 Hardy Asters, no two alike,, ; ito Hardy Pinks, including Perpetual Snow 1.00 19 Larkspurs, superb varieties............ 1.00 10 Japanese Anemones, 5 sorts.,........... 1.00 1o Foxgloves, no two alike... eee 1.00 5 Day Lilies, no two alike ...........:.0:0. +50 5 Veronicas, including Blue Jay......... +50 5 Canterbury Bells, all different.,...... +50 5 Hardy Sunflowers, all different....., 350 6 Rudbeckia, including Purpurea.,....., m5O) 6 Oriental Poppies, 3 sorts I will send the 16 collections by express for $10.00, purchaser paying charges. In my catalogue of Hardy Perennials everything is explained, It is a copi- ously illustrated book of 70 pages, giving accurate descriptions of over 1000 vari- eties of the choicest Hardy Perennials, Shrubs, Vines, ete., with much valuable information about these beautiful and intensely interesting flowers, and is mailed free for the asking. i, 1 ease LITTLE SILVER, N. J. Restaurant Building of General Electric Co., Schenectady, NV. ¥. The Hercules Did It HE new Hercures catalog is a beauty; it tells lots of things about Concrete Construction that every Contractor, Architect and Builder should know. Sixty- six pages of meaty matter, including fifty illustrations, The Chicago Convention proved one thing—that the Hercules Cement Stone b fin Machine is still 365 days ahead of them a all. It makes more sizes and larger variety of blocks than any other machine. It makes two blocks of the same size and design, or of different sizes and designs, on the one machine at the same time. It is the sim- plest machine in the world—no pins, cogs, chains, springs or levers. In strength, dura- bility and adaptability it leaves all others. far behind. Send for Catalog C—to-day; it's free to you. Century Cement Machine Co. 180 West Main Street ROCHESTER, N. Y. See Do You Want Absolute Fire Protection Do you want a window that will positively stand every test? Are you willing to spend two cents and five minutes to find out the positive truth about Mullins Fireproof Windows They actually do what no other window can do. Shall we send you our catalogue and quote you prices ? W. H. Mullins Co., Also manufacturers of Skylights, Ornamental Metal Work, Statuary, and Stamped Sheet Metal Work of all kinds. IV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1907 A CONCRETE RESIDENCE AT MONTCLAIR, N. J. D. Se VAN ANTWERP, ARCHITECT “American Ilomes and Gardens Mound Volumes N response to many requests of both new and old subscribers we have caused a beautiful design to be pre- pared and expensive register dies cut so as to produce a most artistic cover. “The beautiful green cloth is most sub- stantial, and the book is sewn by hand to give the necessary strength for so heavy a volume. ( The decoration of the cover isunique. Thereare five colors of imported composition leaf and inks, artistically blended. It is hardly possible to give an idea of this beautiful cover. The top edges of the book are gilded. Price, $3.50 for the semi-annual volume of 1905, containing the first six issues published of this period- ical. Price, $5.00 for the 1906 volume containing all the numbers of the year. Prepaid to any address in the United States or Canada. ERICAN- HOMES - AND - GARDENS - “CONCRETE COUNTRY RESIDENCES” is the title of a new book just published by the Atlas Portland Cement Co. This book contains about 90 photographs and floor plans illus- trating numerous styles of concrete houses, and should be of great value to those who are about to build. It has been col- lated for the purpose of showing prospective house-builders the ( For those who have the numbers we have prepared a limited number of cases which are identical with those used on the bound volumes. Any bookbinder can sew the book many advantages to be derived from a concrete dwelling. A copy of this book (size 10x12 in.) will be sent, charges paid, upon receipt of $1.00. Address THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY 30 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK CITY Department No. 10 oA ae Nr > THE WEALTH OF NATIONS PATENT gives you an exclusive right to your in- A vention for a term of seventeen years. You can sell, lease, mortgage it, assign portions of it, and grant licenses to manufacture under it. Our Patent system is responsible for much of our industrial progress and our success in competing in the markets of the world. The value of a successful Patent is in no degree commensurate with the almost nominal cost of obtaining it. In order to obtain a Patent it is necessary to employ a Patent Attorney to prepare the specifications and draw the claims. This is a special branch of the legal profession which can only be conducted successfully by experts. For nearly sixty years we have acted as solicitors for thousands of clients in all parts of the world. Our vast experience en- ables us to prepare and prosecute Patent cases and Trade Marks at a minimum of expense. Our work is of one quality and the rates are the same to rich and poor. Our unbiased opinion freely given. Ve are happy to consult with you in person or by letter as to the probable patentability of your invention. Hand Book on Patents, Trade Marks, etc., Sent Free on Application. cCMUNN ©& COMPANY Solicitors of Patents Branch Office: 625 F Street Washington, D.C. ain Office: 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK in the case for a moderate price. We will send this case, strongly packed, for $1.50. Wunn & Company, 361 Broadway, Slew York Inexpensive Country~ Homes cA Practical Book for - Architects, Builders, and Those Intending to Build A HANDSOME CLOTH-BOUND PORTFOLIO, consisting of 88 pages, about 11x14, printed on heavy plate paper, and containing 43 designs, with floor plans of practical, tasteful and comfortable country homes, ranging in cost from $1,000 to $5,000 com- plete. The designs have been carefully selected, as embodying the best efforts of various architects throughout the country. Every one of the houses has already been built, and all of the illustrations are half-tone engravings, made direct from photographs of the completed structures, taken specially by the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN artists. In many cases two perspective views of the same house are shown. Several illustrations of inexpensive stables are also included among the designs. @ The location of the dwellings, the cost, owners’ and architects’ names and addresses are given, together with a description of the dwelling, thus enabling, if desired, a personal inspection of the dwelling or direct correspondence with the architect or the owner. ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, AND THOSE INTENDING TO BUILD will find many new and valuable suggestions among the up-to-date designs illustrated in this handsome portfolio. Price $2.00, by «Mail Postpaid cCMUNN © COMPANY, Publishers 361 Broadway, New York April, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v “WELL! ABOV ALL THINGS!” The original smooth-surfaced weather-proof elastic Roofing To avoid imitations, look for our Registered Trade-Mark “RUBEROID” stamped on the under side of each length. Also look for our name, as sole manufacturers, printed on the outside wrapper For Handsome Dwellings use RUBEROID RED ROOFING A PERMANENT ROOFING Sole «7VManufacturers wr A PERMANENT COLOR The only prepared roofing combining weather-proof, fire-resisting properties with a decorative effect SEND FOR SAMPLES THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY 100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK A Never-F ailing Water Supply with absolute safety, at small cost, may be had by using the Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine Beet by us for more than 30 years, and sold in every country in the world. Ex- clusively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman. So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold 30 years ago being still in active service. Send for Catalogue ‘““E”’ to nearest office. Rider - Ericsson Engine Co. 35 Warren St., New York 40 Dearborn St., Chicago 40 N.7th St., Philadelphia 239 Franklin St., Boston 234 Craig St. West, Montreal, P. Q. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W. Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba he Gorton System of Heating is the ideal system. It embodies all the advantages of the Vapor, the Vacuum and Hot Water Systems with none of their disadvantages or defects. The Gorton System costs less to install complete than the ordinary Hot Water System, and it can be put in by any Steam Fitter. We will be pleased to send catalog. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co. No. 96 Liberty St. New York, N.Y. Ge “CHAMPION” LOCK JOINT Metal Shingle Inexpensive, Ornamental, Durable MADE BY J.H. ELLER & CO. 1610 E. Sth St. CANTON, 0. od ALSO MAKERS OF Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Our remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant Smokeless Gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one- fourth as much as acetylene. Most Durable and Least Expensive Apparatus to Maintain in effective, perpetual operation. Gives services of lighting, cooking and heating. Fullest satis- faction guaranteed, and easy terms. The very apparatus for suburban homes, institutions, etc, We construct special apparatus also for fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equivalent to city gas at 50 cents per rooo cubic feet. and made to respond to very large demands; also for light- ing towns, etc, C. M. Kemp Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Mc vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1907 THE HALFTONE with THIS ADVERTISEMENT ILLUSTRATES A L’Art Nouveau Mantel and Fire Place The tile used are a 6 inch by 6 inch glazed with our Matt glaze No. 772, a charming tone of soft Sea Green. We make eighteen new colors in Matt glazed tile for Wainscoting and Fire Place work. If you contemplate building a home, and propose to use tile, write us stating your requirements, also give us your views as to color. We employ astaff of expert designers and decorators ; you can command their services without cost. We stand for all that is artistic and elegant in tile work for Walls and Floors of Vestibules, Living Rooms, Dining Rooms, Bathrooms, Kitchens, etc. Special Designs for Porch Floors. If your dealer cannot show you samples of our ““Della Robbia’’? and Matt glazed tile advise us and we will put him in a position to do so. TRENT TILE COMPANY, ote soins ce sua Makers of Wall and Fire Place Tile, Non-Absorbent Floor Tile, Ceramic Mosaics, Architectural Faience, etc. WRITE DEPARTMENT “A” FOR CATALOGUE E wise like me, W hate er you do Do not forget The Sliding Shoe Tu whit! Tu whoo! Chairs are upright, you’re never See The Sliding Shoe, “* spilled ”? Casters are gone to the rear. When using The Sliding Shoe. And what is The Sliding Shoe? you say, just look at the Difference ERE. are two pictures. Just look at the difference! Is it possible to find a more forcible demonstration of Kinnear superiority than is shown in these pictures? The difference in weight alone is a big feature, because it decreases the strain on the floor and permits of the utmost ease of handling. The difference in size saves you room, Rugs and carpets will wear And ri ase Nie wal tear Why is it better than the usual When using The Sliding Shoe. way No longer the floors with marks [et ys send you the facts and permits of placing the radiator on the wall, off the floor, out of the way. are filled, then you'll know, Casters are gone, their “‘goose We have the goods and are is killed,” ready to show. SEE THAT YOUR FURNITURE Is ‘‘WELL SHOD”* USE THE SLIDING SHOE THE FAIR MFG. CO. riin’st. Racine, Wis. SERIOUSLY: It is for your interest to investigate The Sliding Shoe Save your valuable carpets and rugs, also the defacement of your floors Kinnear Pressed Radiators deliver exactly the same volume of heat as a big, cumbersome and unsightly cast iron radiator. Just think, this radiator occupies half as much room, weighs less than one-third as much, and delivers an equal amount of heat. These and other considerations which are explained in our catalog should prompt you to investigate the KINNEAR PRESSED RADIATOR at once. Write for Catalogue “D.” THE PRESSED RADIATOR COMPANY PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, U. S. A. BLINDS IIL PHOENK, NY ——————Eeaae ai ror catatocue ff ~~" ~~ a April, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vil Our Greatest Rose Offer We have made the cultivation of Roses a specialty for 57 years. With 70 greenhouses, and over a million plants in over a thousand varieties, we may fairly claim to be the Leading Rose Growers of America. In order to spread the fame of our D. & C. Roses, we make an unusuall attractive offer every year. Our offer for 1907 is the new “KILLARNEY COLLECTION’’—unquestionably the strongest collection ever offered— 18 D. & C. ROSES For $1.00 These roses are magnificent, strong, hardy, ever-bloom- ing plants on their own roots. No two alike, all labeled. Will bloom continuously this year. Sent postpaid for $1.00. We include in this collection a strong plant of “KILLARNEY’’—the most beautiful, hardy, fragrant pink garden rose ever known. ‘To make an attractive offer still more attractive, we also include a strong plant each of the Souvenir de Pierre Notting, a superb new yellow tea rose; Souvenir de Francis Gualain, a rich, velvety, crimson tea rose; and the White Maman Cochet, the most magnificent, hardy, ever-blooming white garden rose ever introduced. This offer is absolutely unparalleled. Satisfaction and safe delivery guaranteed. Orders booked for delivery when directed. Mention this magazine when ordering and we will send return check for 25 cents, good as cash on future order. We will send free to all who ask for it, whether ordering the above collection or not, our New Guide to Rose Culture for 1907 the Leading Rose Catalogue of America. 114 pages. Tells how to grow and describes the famous D. & C. Roses and all other flowers worth growing. Offers at lowest prices a complete line of FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. Ask for it—it’s FREE. THE DINGEE & CONARD CO., Leading Rose Growers of America, West Grove, Pa. Established 1850. 70 Greenhouses. Si of 4 a Let us give you our 34 years’ experience and skill in planning the heating of your home or other buildings. You want the maximum of heat with minimum fuel con- sumption. That requires expert knowledge in planning. J Don’t expect hardware dealers to give it to you. They handle too many lines. They simply CAN’T be well posted i on everything. {jf ‘Ne are experts on these matters. Manufacturing heating sys- f 7 tems is the whole of our business. Twelve months every year we are engaged in designing and making heating systems and appa- ratus, and nothing else. The plans we will submit to you are free and include the arrangement of all details—blue prints drawn to scale, furnace of proper size, estimate of cost, guarantee, etc. fy SHOWROOM OF THE CRAFTHOUSE Sens Aimterior Ett meme |e any Se Bete Sree ethic of the Country Home ||\| HOUSE-STORE-CHURCH . A ; : ee or other building or money refunded and to be effective and restful, requires the experience of an expert, i freight paid both ways. | ; one who is thoroughly posted upon Ancient and Modern Art— \ Se : If you are going to build, write us. We q : : know we can suggest matters that wil an adept in harmony of color, with absolute knowledge of fabrics keep ou pee ae ee nee ae and materials from all points—eftect, durability and economy. : at Remember we are the MAKERS. Our Q Our Mr. John S. Bradstreet has traveled extensively and has | aa . 4 responsibility is direct to you, and an international reputation in the Arts and Crafts. aa, i. We Sell Direct from Factory Q We have expert representatives in remote sections of the H at | with manufacturer’s profit only, added to world and keep in touch with all that is old and new in Home | ee Bs the cost. You save from $25 to $100 adornment. ) ean + ee) which usually goes into the pockets of q It will be our pleasure to assist you by suggestion as to the fur- : : | dealers, agents and pone CLe a nishing and adornment of your Summer or City Home. Q The ; Our free booklet, ‘‘ Modern Furnace Heating,” 2 i : is a complete guide to heating with AN‘% services of our corps of experts are at your disposal. Q Let us , é ’ a 2S furnace. OW rite tev copy pecdaa : send you our brochure and submit suggestions and estimate. : ae Hess Warming and Ventilating Co. Home Fitment: JOHN S. BRADSTREET & CO. “2 ae 939 Tacoma Bilding Mural Decoration °327 Sour SevENTH STREET, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA ee — CHICAGO vill AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1907 Cheltenham Avenue, Elkins Park, Pa., made dustless with Tarvia Dustless Roads Just as the bicycle emphasized the need of ssoath roads, so the automobile has emphasized the need of dustless roads. Experiments have been made from time to time with various materials, principally oils, but they have not been I ’ wholly successful in suppressing the dust nuisance. Not only has Tarvia succeeded in suppressing the dust under automobile traffic, but its use thus far proves conclusively that it improves and hardens the road, so as to prevent rapid deterioration from storm or frost. Tarvia is a viscid coal tar preparation. It is spread hot on the road and covered with screenings, with which it forms an amalgam which aéts like a blanket on the surface of the road, and does not pulverize under the action of trafic, or side wash under the action of water. The process of application is simple and inexpensive, and the saving in sprinkling and in the maintenance of the road more than repays the cost of treatment. In appearance a tarviated road resembles asphalt, excepting that it is more gray in its color, and affords a better foot-hold for horses. A single application will keep a road in splendid condition for a year without other attention, and only in cases of most extreme trafic will any sprinkling whatever be required. ‘Tarvia is a genuine road improvement, doing away with the dust nuisance by getting at its fundamental causes. WRITE FOR OUR BOOKLET WITH COMPLETE INFORMATION AND PARTICULARS Barrett Manutacturing Company > should be kept trimmed back to a rather dwarf form and not allowed to grow tall and lank. The old-fashioned double pink—splendens— will bear comparison with any of the later, Need the Best : : Va S\JENAN ts rarer sorts and there is a variegated foliage Possible Equipment A pa = variety of the splendens that is_ striking in these days of close competition whether in flower or not, the foliage being variegated with cream, pink and_ white. Madam Peyre is a showy sort with large creamy yellow blossoms with pink centers; all are well worth cultivating. One of the most beautiful of the hard wooded greenhouse shrubs is found in the Chinese hibiscus. “This, in its many varieties, with its beautiful waxy leaves and_ great corgeous flowers is an object of admiration wherever seen. “There are numerous varieties of the plant all of which are well worthy of cultivation, but the Magnifica—an immense double rosy scarlet—is of all varieties the finest, the flowers measuring about five inches in diameter and being produced in the great- est profusion; the foliage of this variety is especially waxy and handsome. ‘There is also a very pretty variegated foliage sort that is worthy a place in a collection of hibiscus, though as a pot plant it does not make the robust growth of many of the other varieties. ; The hibiscus is a little whimsical in its re- \ ) | h l Ti l G quirements; grown in too much shade it de- 1e arnis ay C AL as S ONQEes velops a quantity of beautiful foliage, but will not bloom, while in too hot sunshine the leaves are inclined to burn, but the sun, es- pecially in the morning, is necessary to bring out the bloom, which it does in abundance. The plant should never lack for water but should be given it in abundance; it will, also, be well to supply it during the growing sea- son with an occasional dose of liquid manure; PovasesPenene Par BevaePeneeeeP oe cr icie cae Plant for Immediate Effect pots than when planted in the open ground. NOT FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS and this they can have in BARNES’ Foot and Hand Power Circular Saw No. 4 Hand and Foot Power Machinery HE © strongest, most 5S bd powerful, and in every way the best machine of its kind ever made. For W. F.& JOHN BARNES CO. ripping, cross-cutting, bor- 567 Ruby Street © ROCKFORD, ILL. | 'r¢ 21d 2rooving. Made by Murphy Varnish Company. Several varieties of the bamboo may be used with good effect on the terrace; the best of these is, probably, B. metake, the largest leaved of the bamboo family, though one of the dwarfest in stature, rarely exceeding ten feet in height. It is an especially rugged con- stitution and may be grown as a tub plant on the terrace during summer and as a corridor or drawing-room plant during winter and in any and all of these situations will do itself credit. It may even be grown in the open ground the sing Start with the largest stock that can be secured! It takes over twenty years to od Bcd grow such trees and shrubs as we offer. : bind & We do the long waiting—thus enabling you to secure trees and shrubs that give an a immediate effect. Send for descriptive and price lists. Andorra Nurseries, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. WM. WARNER HARPER, PROPRIETOR paren Pan Paeeeereenene Par Peres April, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Xxili «©The Wax with a Guarantee ’”’ For Floors, Furniture and Interior Woodwork These constitute the most important features in your house. They cost the most to install and are the most in evidence. ‘Jo increase their wearing qualities and accentuate their beauty is therefore both a luxury and _an econ- omy. Assuredly so if you use for this purpose Old English Floor Wax. It accentuates the natural grain of the most delicately-marked parquet floors, while on the other hand it will produce a beautiful finish on a pine floor. Old English Floor Wax produces a rich, subdued lustre and does not flake in cold weather or become sticky in warm weather. It does not show scratches or heel marks, and is more sanitary than other finishes as dust and other foreign substances won't adhere to it and can beeasily removed. Itis economical, In1,2,4and8lb.cans. 5oc.a lb. **BEAUTIFYING AND CARING , Write for Our Free Book, “Or woon roons" which contains expert advice on the care of wood floors, woodwork and furniture; a Hook eo engeand keep Woke future reference. We will also send our question ank, which ed out, wi ring you free, an answer toa your floor troubles. Most dealers carry Old English—if { Ib. covers 300 sq. ft. yours cannot supply you, write us direct, giving his name and address, and we will send you a Free Sample of Old English Floor Wax to judge of its efficiency yourself. e guarantee our finishes to give entire satisfaction when used as directed or money refunded. A. S. Boyle & Co. Dept. 0, Cincinnati, Ohio Largest exclusive mfrs. of floor wax in the world . “Old Hickory” $9.15 Andrew Jackson Chair ae Q For comfort, serviceability, style and durability this Chair is per- fection. Just the thing for Porch, Lawn and Outdoor use, as the weather cannot affect it. Made entirely of genuine white hickory with beautiful natural bark finish. An exact duplicate of the Old Andrew Jackson Chair. Seat 17 inches wide, 15 inches deep; height over all, 36 inches. Price, $2.75; two for $5.00. Freight prepaid east of Mississippi River. 120 other styles of "Old Hick- ory " Chairs, Settees, Tables, etc., from $1.50 to $25.00. Old Hickory Furniture Pleases Everyone Sty le No. 32 q I now have thirty pieces of your OLD Hickory in my home, "The Nutshell," and should not feel ay home complete without it. IDA A. EATON, Hinsdale, N @ The furniture purchased from you arrived safely several days since. It is simply grand, and we are more than pleased with it. L. E. McLAIN, Canon City, Col. @ I have six of your chairs in use on my veranda, and find them not only comfortable but durable, as | have had them in use for five seasons, and good for as many more. P. F. MYERS, Jeffersonville, Ind. @ Be sure to get the "Old Hickory" Furniture. If your dealer will not supply you, remit to us and we will ship promptly. Write for new FREE 48-page Illustrated Catalogue and Special Introductory Offer. THE OLD HICKORY CHAIR CO. 154 CHERRY STREET MARTINSVILLE, IND. “The Original Old Hickory Furniture Manufacturers”? TRA0e MADR FOR THE HOME FOR THE CHURCH FOR THE STORE IN ALL CLASSIC AND C™MODERN STYLES HE beauty of the Berger designs and the perfect- -fifting Berger joints make these the ceilings par excellence for rooms in which appearance 1s an important consideration. Compare the price with the cost of plaster ! WRITE FOR CATALOGUE poston LHE BERGER MFG. CO., CANTON, 0. sr'isuis MAKERS OF SHEET-STEEL AND IRON, ARCHITECTURAL SHEET-METAL WORK, STEEL WINDOW- FRAMES AND SASH, FIREPROOFING, METAL OFFICE FURNITURE, CONCRETE REINFORCING, RC. For the Overworked Work and worry of a business y, life, the cares of house andthe strain 4 of society, tend to lessen the vitality of V men and women, often bringing about |a state of collapse. You are not sick, |% but nature has been overtaxed; your |} sleep does not refresh, your energy is | | lacking and you have lost your gripon &3 the good things in life. These are the }4 4 warnings-the system mustbe strength- 7 | ened. Atthiscriticaltime,the remedy is | The Best Tonic . Being an extract of rich barley malt ry » and choicest hops, it not only furnishes t || nourishment in predigested form, but -lacts as atonic, giving you a desire for |food and furnishing your system the; power to draw quicker, better “*). and greater energy from what ,youeat. The gentle, soothing | effect of the hops restores # your nerves to their normal state, causing peaceful and refreshing sleep, strength-| ening the brain and giving} new lifetothe tired muscles. Pabst Extract The Best Tonic Will strengthen the weak and overworked. Will produce * sleep. Willbuild upand feed “the nerves. Will conquer i dyspepsia. Will help recov- RACT eryfrom sickness. Will as- sist nursing mothers. 25c at all Druggists Insist Upon the Original Guaranteed under the National Pure Food Law. U.S. Serial No. 1921. } Bookletand Picture entitled “Raby’s [~ ; First Adventure” sent free on request Pabst Extract Dept. 22 Milwaukee, Wis. | st EXTRA ost TA Mic, WAUKEE, WIS No, 42, Light Double Buggy or Carriage Har- n¢ss, Price complete with collars and nickel or imitation rubber trimmings, $24,00, As good as sells for 86.00 to $8.00 more. 134 Years Selling Direct Our vehicles and harness have been sold direct from our factory to user fora third of a cen- tury. Weship for examination and approval and guarantee sate delivery. You are out noth- ing if not satisfied as to style, quality, price. We Are The Largest Manufacturers In The World selling to the consumer exclusively. Wemake 200 styles of Vehicles, 65 styles of Harness. Send for large, free catalogue. | Elkhart Carriage & Harness Mfg. Co., Elkhart, Ind. No, 309, FineCanopy Top Surrey. Price com- plete,$83,00, As good as sells for 825,00 to 830.00 more, XXIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1907 “PAYMENT CONDITIONAL UPON SUCCESS” Smoky Fireplaces Cooking Odors Remedied Prevented WENTY YEARS’ EXPERIENCE in dealing with the above HE WHITLEY SYSTEM OF KITCHEN VENTILATION will trouble. Thoroughly trained workmen employed. In most prevent the kitchen odors from permeating the premises. cases work can be done without defacing decorated walls and Designed and installed to meet individual requirements. Suit- with little inconvenience to the household. able for fine residences, hotels, clubs, institutions, etc. Examinations and estimates without charge within 500 miles of New York Contracts entered into with the understanding that the charges are for results The following are a few of the many thousands who have availed themselves of my services Grover Cleveland, Princeton, N. J. Union League Club, New York Morris K. Jesup McKim, Mead & White W. A. Slater, Washington, D. C. Hon. Whitelaw Reid Henry Clews 2 | Carrere & Hastings Mrs. John Hay, Washington, D.C. Hon. Joseph H. Choate Joseph Pulitzer © | Hunt & Hunt Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. J. Pierpont Morgan R. Fulton Cutting E C. P. H. Gilbert Brown University, Providence, R. I. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. U.S. Government for :— i ) Ernest Flagg Senator Aldrich, Providence, R. I. Col. John J. Astor White House, Washington, D.C. < Woodruff Leeming Clement B. Newbold, Jenkintown, Pa. George J. Gould U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. < | Howells & Stokes University Club, New York Schickel & Ditmars JOHN WHITLEY, Engineer and Contractor 215 Fulton Street ue Brooklyn, New York Fruit and Ornamental. Evergreens, Shrubs, Roses, Hardy Plants All the Best and Hardiest Varieties ELLWANGER & BARRY Nurserymen—Horticulturists MOUNT HOPE NURSERIES ROCHESTER Established 1840 NEW YORK Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue (144 pages), also Descrip- tive List of Novelties and Specialties, with beautiful colored plate of the New rae | White Rose SNOW QUEEN (Frau Karl Druschki), mailed FREE on request. an aaa ea METAL SHINGLE Inflammable wood shingles, heavy slate, brittle tile and unsightly paper or tar have seen their day The New Century Metal Shingles are fireproof, are light, are unbreakable, are artistic, are handsomely embossed, lock perfectly and are patented. And then figure on this—that they are cheaper than wood, cheaper than anything when you figure all the savings involved, cost of insurance, etc. Don’t fail to get booklet, No. 25, we send you free, chuck full of the roofing question, comparative cost, estimates, designs, etc. y nah Painted Tin, Galvanized GHATTANOOGA ROOFING & FOUNDRY CO. CHATTANOOGA, TENN. Tin, Copper, etc. New York Office, 440 Greenwich Street @ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. @ The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration 1s The Architectural Record ( If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a sample copy—free THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY 14-16 Vesey Street, New York April, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XXV year around and will prove perfectly hardy as to the roots, though the tops do die down during winter, springing up afresh each spring. This and other species of the bamboo are for this reason good for base planting along the foot of the terrace as they make a thick, fringy growth each year that is pretty and feathery and has the charm of novelty. Another desirable tub plant for the terrace is found in the lantanas. These may be grown from seed or from cuttings or from plants purchased from the florist but the seed grown plant, it seems to me, gives better satis- faction, blooming when very young and small and producing an astonishing profusion of bloom when fully grown. I have grown from March sown seed, plants that by mid-summer were three and four feet in diameter and one solid mass of flowers. “The growth of the plants is naturally symmetrical—being usually as great in diameter as in height and needs no pruning or trimming to keep it within bounds. There are shades of red, yellow and pure white and one and all are most florif- erous. Then there are always the palms, than which there is nothing more beautiful, but care should be taken not to place a valuable palm where the hot afternoon sun will burn the foliage. For terrace planting our na- tive palms will, doubtless, prove the more satisfactory; the Washingtonia—a native of the Colorado and Arizona desert—should stand the sun of our northern summers without serious damage; then there is the cocoanut palm, which, although not a native, is so long acclimated to our southern states that it can scarcely be considered in the nature of an alien, and the Sabal Palmetto—another na- tive species, makes attractive plants when young. Character in Doors Then we have always with us the rubber ; fens Score of yout house should be chosen for their character and should be in harmony lant, ll m speci s of which with the architectural motif. . . ; . Pa Tet re f Tae Beg ae Be pe Doors should so combine good design with good construction as to become an integral CUS Ee) epee archaea and permanent part of the building. The magnolias, when successfully grown, are very beautiful and in the single brug- M O re an D Oors mansia we find a most desirable terrace plant, though the leaves lack the waxy beauty that meet these specifications as no other doors do. The products of the Morgan shops not only : ; prove their superiority to the discriminating eye, but are sold under an agreement that is an characterizes the most of the Pais eee) unconditional guarantee of satisfactory service. They cost no more than other doors. Write cited. This plant is very easily raised rom today for our illustrated booklet ‘‘The Door Beautiful’’ telling you more about them. spring planted cuttings and requires little care Sent free on request. beyond good soil and water; in partial shade the great creamy, fluted, satiny flowers remain open all day, but in full sunshine they remain Morgan Company, Dept. A, OshKosh, Wisconsin. Distributing Points: Morgan Sash and Door Company, West 22nd and Union Streets, Chicago, Ill. Morgan Company. partially closed during the day, opening softly Union Trust Building, Baltimore, Maryland. Mills and Yards, Foster City, Michigan. towards evening and flooding the air with the wonderful fragrance. “The blossoms are from nine inches to a foot in depth and seven or eight inches in diameter when open. Wuy Not GET BoTH? When you buy a machine, investigate, first, its possible utility. First outlay for a machine for a certain pur- pose is one item, then again floor space may be another item. Now, of course, you have con- siderable ripping to do, but if you have any ~ rerio) | edging to do, you should invest in one of our GarpDENS. Edited by John Cordis Baker. : No. 202 Philadelphia: The John C. Winston ey Company. The art of garden making, and indeed the art of house building, has been brought to such a state in America that no collection of illus- trations of the work of our more notable archi- tects and landscape designers is without signal and real merit. It goes without saying that the best work is necessarily that of the best architects, those thoroughly trained in their profession and who completely comprehend a problem before they settle on its determination. J A FAY & EGAN C0 209-229 CINGINNA j 0 And all of this work is of interest, whether its a Me uw W. FRONT STREET 1 y9 Wa particular form is pleasing or not, and whether or not it is with or without popular approval. BAND RIP AND EDGING SAWS Here you have a rip and an edging saw com- bined. The edging attachment consisting of a traveling chain placed in the table and under the out-feeding roll, and is propelled by a sprocket- chain and gearing from the same shaft that runs the upper feed rolls. The traveling chain has a vertical adjustment, and can be quickly dropped below the surface of the table, and out of the way for ripping. Write for circular. It deseribes this machine more fully. XXVi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1907 It is peculiarly fitting that the originators of the piano-player and the genius and skill responsible for its continuous development and improve- ment, should crown those accomplishments by the creation of the MELODANT to be an exclusive feature of the ANGELUS In every composition there runs a vein of melody called the “ air,’’ frequently lying wholly in the treble, often interwoven with the accompaniment or wholly hidden by ornamentation. It is the province of the MELODANT automatically to pick out and accent this melody, giving to each note its proper value as previously determined in an authentic interpretation. The musical value of this new device is inestimable and when coupled with personal manipulation of the Melody Buttons, permitting individual accentuation of notes or runs at will, and with the Phrasing Lever, mastering time, and the Diaphragm Pneumatics, giving the Human Touch of the ANGELUS, you have supremely under your own control every known device contributing to a musically correct performance, a8 these ue arg cous with the Great ANGELUS, and thus is it made indispensable that in the selection of a piano-player by every person of discriminating musical taste first consideration must be given the ANGELUS. The ANGELUS in cabinet form, the KNABE-ANGELUS PIANO, the EMERSON-ANGELUS PIANO,—all are equipped with the MELODANT For saie in all the principal cities Descriptive literature upon request THE WILCOX & WHITE CO. Established 1876 MERIDEN, CONN, Ande! Protect Your Home : Fa by inclosing your grounds with the strongest, most ornamental and durable fence on the market. This illustration can give you but a faint idea of the beauties of It has all the advantages of any other form of fence without their disadvantages, and is made in several sizes and styles to mectall requirements. Complete illustrated catalogue mailed on request. Kindly ask for Catalog G. Do it to-day. SLEETH-BROOK & SEAMAN CO, 253 BROADWAY NEW YORK CITY COLONIAL FIREPLACE CO. = 2537 WEST 12TH STREET CHICAGO ‘e = ff n x ; eee eeu A study of our large illustrated Design-Book will give you a new idea of how much a true Colonial Fireplace will add to your new home. We design and furnish beautiful Fireplaces of moulded brick in character and shades to harmonize with your decorations. This means that distinct progress in these lines —of house building and garden making—has been made, and this is an accomplishment of real value. Mr. Baker’s book is a picture book pure and simple, the single few lines of text within it consisting of a general introduction of Mr. Donn Barber, an architect whose own work has worthy place in this collection of views. The illustrations, on the whole, have been well chosen, and represent some of the more important of recent contributions to the art of the country house by our most conspicuous architects. [he absence of descriptive text leaves, of course, something to be desired, for even a complete group of photographs fails to tell all that may be told of a house and its fur- nishings. But this lack is somewhat com- pensated for by the insertion of numerous plans, which complete the architectural de- scriptions of the places they accompany, giv- ing, as they do, in a graphic way, helpful in- formation concerning areas and dispositions of interior spaces. The plans of gardens, of which a number are included likewise, are also help- ful, and materially increase the usefulness of the book. The subjects illustrated are sufficiently numerous to make the book representative in a very complete sense. Houses near Philadel- phia, in Connecticut, in New Jersey, Massa- chusetts, and other States, not forgetting California, make a tolerably fair geographical covering. Old houses in Philadelphia and the South also come in for illustration, and their quaint old gardens form some of the most pic- turesque of the illustrations. It is, therefore, a volume that the lover of gardens and of houses will eagerly welcome as a notable addition to the really few competent books on this subject. There is a world of suggestiveness and help in these pictures, and a world of interest and of charm. “The most important lesson it teaches is that in many parts of America large sums of money are being expended on gardens, some of large size, and all of them of real and penetrating beauty. Mopern PLUMBING ILLUSTRATED. By R. M. Starbuck. Fully illustrated by fifty full-page plates made expressly by the author of this work. New York: The Norman W. Henley Publishing Com- pany. One large 8vo volume; cloth. Pp. 392. Price, $4.00. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate in the most practical manner the best modern practice in plumbing and water supply. There is an abundance of useful information in ref- erence to the kinds of plumbing materials and fixtures and the installation of these for the modern cottage, or the more _ pretentious house, apartment house, hotel and office build- ing. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate liberal scale drawings, which cover almost every imaginable condition likely to come be- fore the plumber, architect and sanitary engi- neer. The book will be found valuable to the plumber in his actual work, giving special details as to size and weight of pipes required under different conditions. To the architect it will be found suggestive and will aid in pre- paring plans and directing and superintending work; to the owner in aiding him to secure the best and simplest systems for his building; to the plumber inspector the many practical features it presents will remind him of the methods to be pursued to secure safe and healthful sanitary conditions, and to the plumb- ers, practical methods of executing the work. The book presents, in a word, the latest and best modern practice, and should be in the hands of every architect, sanitary ‘engi- neer and plumber who wishes to keep him- self up to date in this important feature of construction. April, 1907 ANDERLCAN, HOMES AND GARDENS XXVII GA kK DE N BURNETOURE Fountains, Statuary, Col- umns, Pergolas, Balus- trades, Standards, Sun Dials, Pedestals, Benches, Tables, Vases, Well - Heads, Wall-Fountains, Lions, Sphinxes, etc., in Marble, Bronze, Stone, and Pompeian Stone that successfully withstands the American weather. Illustrations and estimates sent direct or through your architect. HENRY ERKINS & CO. 3 WEST 15TH ST., NEW YORK WRITE FOR OUR BOOK Plants and Plans for Beautiful Surroundings It is full of invaluable information, illustrations of flowers and beautiful lawns, It shows how the modest as well as the most extensive grounds can easily be made charming and attractive, There is nothing more pleasing ? and delightful to cultured taste than artistic § and properly planted grounds, We grow and import all of the choicest hardy plants, shrubs, trees, box and bay trees for creating beautiful landscape effects in formal or natural landscape gardening. Write now, lest you forget. Wagner Park Conservatories uBox 207 Sidney, Ohic The Nursery Exchange vcs¥on< Shas. y g BOSTON, MASS. Established by trained and responsible nurserymen, faniliar with the best stock grown in American and European nurseries. Orders will be filled for you at the cost of production, witha minimum commission added for buying, and customers in any part of the country may rely upon receiving only the finest specimens which can be selected through personal and ex- pert inspection. We will save you enough in both ways to arouse your interest in our direction. If you will ask for our special estimates upon orders for any and every species and variety of TREES, SHRUBS, RHO- DODENDRONS, FRUIT, ROSES, EVERGREENS and HERBACEOUS PLANTS which are catalogued either here or in Europe, as experts with 25 years’ experience in the handling of such stock. we confidently promise a saving of from 25% to 40% onall bills. This insures honest service in securing only the choicest material, free of disease and insect pests, care- fully dug and packed, and absolutely true to name—and, what is most im- portant, prompt shipment. Western and Middle States orders delivered without exorbitant transportation charges. ‘This system commends itself to every buyer, and is worthy of attention. We fill small orders as care- fully as large ones. Printed list of net prices mailed on request, or esti- mates made upon any special list of items required. We will send Land- scape plans by mai! or send experts to advise upon all Landscape gardening THE NURSERY EXCHANGE operations at a nominal cost. Have 155 MILK ST., COR. BROAD had 20 years? experience in this spe- BOSTON, MASS, cial work in every part of the country. Telephone: Fort Hill 59 If you are thinking of build- ing with ConcreTre Butocks send for valuable facts on common- sense methods, Cement, Its Life and Ef- ficiency. Save money and annoyance, b oy 407 BOSTON BLOCK Nerts Erickson MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. There’s Nothing to Fear From the Elements when your roof is covered with 32 POUNDS COATING ROOFING TIN In case of fire from without it does not ignite ; from within, it soon smothers the flames ; wind cannot get under ; rain cannot beat through ; a snow load—the worst of all pressures—creates no damage, while freezing and hail will not crack or destroy this superior commodity. Think over all other roof coverings and see if such claims can be truthfully made for any of them; then take into consid- eration the moderate cost and long life of MF Tin, and decide for yourself which is the most practical material for you to use. Our booklet “From Underfoot to Overhead” tells how MF is made. We want you to have a copy, and will gladly send it if you will write us. AMERICAN SHEET & TIN PLATE COMPANY, 1406 Frick BuILpINc, PRET ob UINGIA a ae / nl yeh i “f : ye 4 Ml nl ' “( pia st vest ue - wi "i Pi \ . fg i» he oworis LiKe MAGIC™ oth, ff , AD-EL-ITE PAINT AND VARNISH REMOVER takes off old paint and | \\’ a wax and shellac from any surface. Apply with a brush—wipe off w itha M( p) rag; the old finish comes oft with it clean to the wood; no odor, no Stain, no injury ( i Uj to the hands or finest fabric; does not injure the grain of the wood nor evaporate from the wood before the w ork is finished. Never Put On Any Kind of New Finish Over the Old Finish. The removal of the old finish is absolutely necessary in refinishing all kinds of wood, no matter what finish is to be applied, if a satisfactory, smooth, new surface is to be obtained. AD-EL-ITE ONE-COAT DULL FINISH—thce Original Mission Finish, All Shades—makes old furniture, floors, picture frames and all wood-work new. Anyone can beautify his or her home ata small expense by using Ad-el-ite One-Coat Dull Finish. It produces the only modern and up-to-date finish that will not scratch or mar; gives a permanent color that does not wear off or fade, and when used on hardwood floors no wax is required. Send us the name and address of your paint dealer and get free sample of AD-EL-ITE Paint and Varnish Remover and Booklet containing valuable hints on how to beautify every room in the house at a small expense. e CHICAGO, ILL. The AD-EL-ITE People Het bt WKN | XXViil AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS April, 1907 4to, 11x 13% inches Illuminated Cover 275 Illustrations 340 Pages Dollars Economical Heating ! Some heating systems waste heat and \ fuel because of their poor construction. ; This compels forcing the apparatus to i | ' ‘ ‘ c American Estates and Gardens By BARR FERREE obtain sufficient heat and necessitates many repairs. Saving of fuelandfreedom from repairs is true heating economy. “PIERCE” SYSTEMS of Low Pressure Steam and Hot Water Heating are always under control and are eco- i nomical because they require but little j fuel and attention, distribute every particle of heat evenly throughout the } } Editor of American Homes and Gardens Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute of British Architects house and require no repairs. They are constructed from best materials in one of the largest heating foundries in the world. There are over 300 styles | and sizes to meet every requirement and nearly 200,000 in use, thousands having given perfect satisfaction for over thirty years. Sold through local dealers everywhere. “PIERCE QUALITY” SANITARY PLUMBING goods in Porcelain Enamel and Solid Vit- reous Ware are ideal equipments for Bath, Laundryand Kitchen. ‘‘It pays to secure both heating and plumbing goods from the same manufactu- Tete, Send for ‘Common Sense Heat- ing and Sanitary Plumbing,” a most practical and interesting book.free. The name of yourAr chitect,Steamfitter and Plumber would be greatly appreciated. PIERCE, BUTLER & PIERCE MFG. CO. 100 James Street SYRACUSE, N. Y. Branches in all leading cities. 4 3 ae + fg reesenseagegete teeteey cOMPUEEEEEDED ET gy =a MERICAN ESTATES AND GARDENS is a_ sumptuously | wt! illustrated volume in which, for the first time, the subject of the more notable great estates, houses, and gardens in America a receives adequate treatment. It is a volume of 350 pages, =) enriched with 275 illustrations, of which eight are in duotone. An effort has been made to select as great a variety as possible of the styles of architecture which have been introduced into this country as being spe- cially adapted to the peculiar conditions of American country life. ( Although the exteriors of some of the houses shown in this work may be familiar to a certain number of readers, few have had the privilege of a visit to their interiors, and, for that reason, special attention has been given to reproductions of many of the sumptuous halls and rooms of people of wealth, and no better way can be obiained of learning how the favored few live. Q The illustrations are in nearly all cases made from original photographs an ate Sate henry double coaee paper. The book is attract- ively bound. is book will prove one of the most valuable books for the home, and will fill MUNN eC C@ the wants of those who desire to purchase SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE a luxurious book on our American houses. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK PVOVSSSGOOGee Qe AMERICAN HOMES and GARDENS ———_ and ————— SCIENTIFiC AMERICAN | will be sent te 88 280888 888 888 88 88a 88 aa 8 a8 a aa a a OO OG GOES SOHOeg CEB OBES ED IO ED GED one address for $5.00 Regular Price... $6.00 an US MESSRS. MUNN & CO. Enclosed find $7.50, for which please send me American Estates and Gardens and (renew) (enter) my subscription for American Homes and Gardens for one year, in accordance with the terms of your special offer. OVOuUce ap (t G nn nn no on ne nde +23 am anv ap apa af} VA A A RRB BBB} BB BB} PPP PH | israrvapvap aap anapiara eo BSG VEQEs eeeceannences VOL. IV., No, 5 MUNN & COMPAN Y Dey bla eihverers PRICE, 25 CENTS MENNEN’S tarcum TOILET POWDER are not more welcome, after Winter’s cold and snows, than is Mennen’s Borated Tal- cum Powder to the tender raw skin, roughened by the wind of early Spring, of the woman who values a good # complexion, and to the man who shaves. In the nursery Mennen’s comes first—the purest and safest of healing and soothing toilet powders, Put up in non-refillable boxes, for your protection. If Mennen’s face is on the cover, it’s genuine and a guarantee of purity. Delightful after shaving. Sold everywhere, or by mail 25 cents. Guaranteed underthe Food and Drugs Act, June 30, 1906. Serial No. 1542. Sample Free ; Gerhard Mennen Co. Newark, N. J. Try Mennen’s Vio- let (Borated) Tal- 4 cum Powder. It has the scent of fresh cut Parma Violets. Artistic Mantels q@ OUR CATALOGUES con- tain 130 designs, including Mission, ® Colonial, ® White, Mahogany & Oak. Every- thing, from the very cheapest to the best. @ Fireplace Hardware and Tiling of every description. Catalogue sent on receipt of 12c. to pay actual postage. The Geo. W. Clark Co. Unity Building . _306 Main Street \ Chicago, Ill. 1G a hee Jacksonville, Fla. Fatovy,” Kfoxville, Tend. MISSION MANTEL FOR DEN A Really Wonderful for the Free Refrigerator Book Book Book Book A refrigerator made of milk-white glass—inside and out. Not ordinary glass, but Eureka Opal Glass—thick and durable. The only perfect ma- terial for a refrigerator because it is naturally cold, because it is absolutely non-absorbent, therefore im- pervious to odor, grease or moisture. The metal parts of the Eureka Opal Refrigerator have a beau- tiful silver polish and will neither tarnish nor rust. The doors swing smoothly, never stick or warp, and are always perfectly tight. The inside of the refrigerator being Wall Chet ings, to be effective, must harmonize with sur- B ok rounding influences—furnish- on Sete] ings, woodwork, and color PaN@4 effects cf nearby rooms. The Household simplest effects are the most Refrigeration Aha en ny Made of EUREKA Opal Glass has no cracks or crevices to col- a 7 nm lect anything and is as easily | : of cleaned as a glass dish. The system of insulation and circulation is really marvelous in economizing ice, preserving food, and preventing the admix- ture of various food odors. In beauty, durability and service, artistic and therefore most rest- ful.and pleasing to the eye. The most charming of deco- rative schemes are effected by the use of FAB-RI-KO-NA (TRADE MARK) a WOVEN WALL COVERINGS These fabrics are woven in a wide variety of permanent eee *® mF foo ¥ eee tes’ *. a Pris there is no other refrigerator that even approaches the Eureka. The book on household refrig- eration willinterest you. Where shall we send it? EUREKA REFRIGERATOR CO., Box C, Indianapolis, iad. THE ILLINOIS SELF-WATERING FLOWER BOXES Require attention only twice a month. Made of heavy Galvanized Iron. Last for years—are Inexpensive. Made for Porches, Windows, Hanging Baskets, etc. Send for Full Details and Price List. ILLINOIS HEATER COMPANY ; 3945 Wentworth Avenue Chicago, Illinois shades and are the most artistic Wall Coverings now made. Used by all leading Decorative Artists where refined mural effects are desired. FAB-RI- KO-NA is strong, durable, fast color, and easily hung. Pre- vents walls from cracking and is not easily scratched or torn. We offer a special service to any- one who asks for it. Our experts will devise a color scheme suited to your needs, so that you can see act- ual samples of FAB-RI-KO-NA in actual colors, contrasted with wood- work in natural shades—thus giving a reproduction of your wallin min- iature. Write us for fullinformation about this special and valu- able service. H. B. WIGGIN’S SONS CO., 12 Arch St., Bloomfieli, Nd May, 1907 HALL CLOCKS That are beautiful in design, finest in con- struction, richest in tone of chimes and superior time- keepers are some of the reasons that have made our business grow so rapidly. Waltham Clocks have a standard of value, whether it is a Hall Clock, “Banjo,” Marble Clock, or Regulator. Nothing Better at. Any Price If your local jeweler does not sell our line send direct for our new illustrated catalogue Waltham Clock Company WALTHAM, Branches New York Chicago St. Louis Sy Kansas City Toronto, Onw ~*~ Milwaukee ’ PRESSED RADIATORS ~ Minneapolis ¥ Seattle ; 7 are improve ments. Our Cat- Indianapolis % Gakiand: alog ““D’’ is valuable Detroit San Antonio é p Denver RS ~~ Omaha . Boston Decatur Columbia and proves it. Write for it to-day. RADIATOR @ PITTSBURGH The Scientific American Boy By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. qi is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num- ber of diversions which, aside from aftording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. @ The needs of the boy camper are supphed by the direc- tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents ; also such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. g The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats, scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance called a ‘‘rennwolf.” @ Among the more instructive subjects cov- ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building, in which six different kinds ot bridges, including a simple can- tilever bridge, are described. FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES gr RP PSSSSSSSSLSELSESSSELS Reales American Homes and Gardens = $6 Bes PS and Scientific American PS ““ SRRPRVVSSRRRRRRRRRRRRREE OXLY a battered garbage can, With microbes it is filled, And there they stay In the ‘ ‘good old way,’’ While o’er the ground ’tis spilled. But if you own THE ‘‘ FORMOZONE,” You’re safe beyond compare, E’en can or pail Small cost entail, No microbes linger there. The Formozone “‘Odorless” Garbage Can and Pail PATENT PENDING The only Antiseptic Garbage Can or Pail made. The use of ‘* Formozone’? destroys all odors, keeps away flies, and disinfects can or pail at all times. Indispensable for apartments, resi- dences, hotels, restaurants, clubs, etc. Costs very little more than the ordinary garbage can or pail. Formozone Odorless Garbage Can made of heavy galvanized iron, air and water tight, two No. 16 steel shields, steel bound top and bottom, malleable iron drop handles, tight fitting cover, bottom raised 134 inches from ground, riveted and soldered throughout. Prac- tical, durable, sanitary. Formozone Odorless Garbage Pail is of similar construction, the best pail made. Let us send you tull details and price-list. FORMOZONE HYGIENIC MANUFACTURING CO. 213 East Madison Street, CHICAGO French Lick-West Baden Springs _ The Ideal Place to Rest— Perfect Hotel Accommodations. Open the year ‘round. Offers every attraction to seekers of Health — Rest — Recreation cc 3 ASC t Situated in Southern Indiana on the | MONON ROUTE } is Write for descriptive booklet, meee ~ CHAS, H. ROCKWELL 7 ' Trafic Manager Custom House Place, CHICAGO Phoenix Sliding Blind Co. Phoenix N. Y. May, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vil pai (AAA RAR ERAT IRA RSLS LAAN ALS LaLa LA ARAL SAE L SCOR a LI Aa et ata Uta te LOL a MIRA a aL Our Many-Dided EERE EEE EIDE EL ELLE ELEN ES A Drawing-room of the Hepplewhite Period. Furnished by us for Mr. Geo. D. Howell, Uniontown, Pa, CEE EDIE EERE EE ELEN bs Old Time Furnishing When we furnish and decorate your room in the quaint, stately old time way, the net results are: POETRY—AIt is a room treated up to an ideal.) ART—(It is a room done after the style of one of the masters.) REFINEMENT—(iIt will not be seen in the nickel- plush hotel.) EXCLUSIVENESS—(It is for the elect.) SENTIMENT—(It is home—not the decorator’s show-room.) UTILITY—(Each thing in it has a well defined purpose. ) SERVICEABILITY—(The furnishings are wrought in the sturdy old time hand-made way.) ASSET —AIt is not subject to change of style.) Very well, then send along your plans and requirements, or rough sketch, and you will see what the infinite capacity for taking pains, on our part, will do, when we send you suggestions, color schemes and pictures of the furniture in which you were interested. Also write for booklets. VERBECK, WHYBROW & CROSSLEY CO., Inc. Period Furnishing—French, Renaissance, Colonial MAUSER BUILDING, 298 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK TETRTRTC TE IDL TRUDI DTTP UOTE TT OD UD TL TT UD UO TL TD ID TOUT UD TOT UD INT UDO TL UD UT UL TD IDE TT OD ETT DD TD Entrance on Thirty-first Street RAAAAAAAARRARAAAARAAR AAA AAA AAT ” Showroom of The Craftshouse THERE IS A cuarmasour Mand-Made Furniture Antique Furniture has been sold at what seems fabulous prices; it is not always possible to verify the fact as to its genuineness. In addition to our line of Arts and Crafts we are fully equipped to manufacture Hand-Made Furniture of the highest grade, perfect reproductions of well-known antiques or made to special design in any woods. We have made a study of the various wood-finishes and treatments, our “Jin di Sugi”’ finish is unlike any other wood- finish; it has all the beauties of the Japanese ““Cryptomeria’’ and is the result of years of experiment and study. We are the on/y manufacturers of this Special Wood Treatment. [Let us send you our brochure, giving a glimpse of our establishment, etc. “JIN DI SUGI’? FURNITURE is especially adapted for Summer Homes, Dens, Smoking Rooms, etc. JOHN S. BRADSTREET & CO. Mural Decorations 327 SourH SEVENTH STREET, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA Home Fitments Let us give you our 34 years’ experience and skill in planning the heating of your home or other buildings. You want the maximum of heat with minimum fuel con- sumption. ‘That requires expert knowledge in planning. Don’t expect hardware dealers to give it to you. They handle too many lines. They simply CAN’T be well posted on everything. We are experts onthese matters. Manufacturing heating systems is the whole of our business. "Twelve months every year we are en- gaged in designing and making heating systems and apparatus, and nothing else. The plans we will submit to you are free, and include the arrangement of all details—blue-prints drawn to scale, furnace of proper size, estimate of cost, guarantee, etc. We absolutely guarantee the Hess Heating System to heat comfortably in the coldest weather any HOUSE-STORE-CHURCH or other building, or money refunded and freight paid both ways. If you are going to build, write us. We know we can suggest matters that will keep you from making fatal mistakes. Remember we are the MAKERS. Our responsibility is direct to you and WE SELL DIRECT FROM FACTORY with manufacturer’s profit only added to the cost. You save from $25 to $100 which usually goes into the pockets of dealers, agents and contractors. Our free booklet, “‘Modern Furnace Heating,” is a com- plete guide to heating with ANY furnace. Write fora copy. HESS WARMING AND VENTILATING CO. 1939 TACOMA BUILDING BUYS THIS NO. 45 STEEL FUR- NACE, with firebox 18x21 and 53.7 ft. active steel radiating surface, freight prepaid to any station east CHICAGO of Omaha Pipes and registers extra. Five other sizes at proportionate rates, SEER LAVA ITASTER LEIS) = SPALL I ABO a RTE ST SSeS PETE ENT: eee vill AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDEN Metropolitan Park System in Boston, made dustless with Tarvia ‘Tarvia for Parkway Use OR Macadam Roads in City Parks and Parkways TARVIA is ideal. Heavy automobile traffic, which centers in such places, has ruined them for pedestrians in many cases on account of the intolerable dust nuisance. The fact that this nuisance can be abolished by a single applica- tion of TARVIA has attracted the attention of park authorities all over the country to this means for the suppression of dust. During the summer of 1906, cities all over the country—notably Chicago, Boston and New York—made use of TARVIA with unvarying success. TARVIA is a viscid coal tar preparation. It is spread hot on the road and covered with screen- ings, with which it forms an amalgam which acts like a blanket on the surface of the road, and does not pulverize under the action of traffic or side wash under the action of water. The process of application is simple and inexpensive, and the saving in sprinkling and in the maintenance of the road more than repays the cost of treatment. In appearance a tarviated road resembles asphalt, except that it is more gray in its color and affords better foothold for horses. A single application will keep a road in splendid condition for a year without other attention, and only in cases of most extreme traffic will any sprinkling whatever be required. TARVIA is a genuine road improvement, doing away with the dust nuisance by getting at its fundamental causes. Write for our booklet, with complete information and particulars. Barrett Manufacturng Company New York Philadelphia Minneapolis Ber Roore Fbure AMERICAN May, 1907 is its simple characteristics, and when an architect at- tempts to elaborate upon these ideas of sim- plicity he forfeits the principle of the art of bungalow building. Mr. John H. Dun- can, an architect of New York, has designed for Mr. Hettrick a most unusual bungalow for this vicinity, having used the Californian Mission style for his prototype. The exterior of the house is interesting; three of its walls are enclosed with a piazza extending around three sides of the building, which is covered with a roof gracefully falling down from the main roof. ‘The bungalow is built on cedar posts, on the inside of which are two-inch planks to form a cellar. The building above the grade is covered with white cedar shingles and is left to weather-finish. The trimmings are painted a cream color and the posts to the piazza are painted dull brown. The plan is in the form of a U-shaped house, with a main building, at either end of which is a wing, between which wings is built the patio or open court. This court, while different from the patio in its origin, affords nearly all the privacy and comforts offered by Bee ep toe ii 4 { { | y reO WEES A Porch Surrounds Three Sides of the Bungalow AND GARDENS 175 the enclosed court and at the same time permits a free use of plants and shrubs. ‘The patio is an interesting feature for the bungalow, for the brief simplicity of a typical bungalow often prevents freedom of outdoor life, and the patio is most appreciated, for it offers a place for outdoor lounging in strict privacy. The entrance to the house is into a great living-hall, in which are the stairs to the second story; for there is no “rear’’ hall. This great hall is the center of the life of the house, from which all the rooms open and from which French win- dows permit of ready access to the patio. It is trimmed with oak, finished in Flemish style. ‘The ceiling is beamed, and the open fireplace is built of buff brick, with facings rising to the ceiling. “he simplicity of the hall harmonizes well with the Mission furniture with which it is furnished. The reception room to the left and the library are conven- iently placed, and are finished in a handsome manner. The dining-room is treated with a cream, green and bronze effect. The walls are paneled with paintings of fruits and flowers. The open fireplace has a marble man- tel. The sun-room, adjoining the din- ing-room, is used 176 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1907 ce aroncmreere mnt Sem AN SOREN 020. The Patio, with Its Doric Columns and Its Grecian Table, Overlooks the Shrewsbury River May, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 177 for dining uses when de- sired. The main dining- room opens into the patio. The remainder of the plan at the right side of the house contains a suite of three well-fitted up bed- rooms, and a bathroom fur- nished with porcelain fix- tures and exposed plumbing. The second floor con- tains the servants’ rooms and store room. ‘The cel- lar contains a steam-heating apparatus, fuel rooms, store room, laundry, kitchen and servants’ hall, all fitted up complete with all the best appointments. Stepping from the liv- ing-room to the patio, one finds a temple-like struc- ture, formed by Doric col- umns_ supporting beams and cross-beams, on top of which there is placed rustic work. The three wall sides of the court are covered with a latticed trellis, on The Dining-room Walls Are Paneled with Paintings of Fruits and Flowers 178 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1907 Se Ei KO wed tes ¥ pinaster oes Cs © “ Vee RNor-. Ber oor 12 6xX/6 | Dining kore 12 6x 19-6 = i 3 y Ver. NDF | Beceerion kook —— Der Roorz on 12 6XISE /26X/D6 ZloorzBay of DuNGALOW. May, 1907 which vines are now growing close in front of the beds placed along the sides of the house. Vines are also clam- bering up around the columns which form the temple-like structure. A Roman table of marble with carved standards stands in the center of the court. Step- ping down from the patio, a short walk leads to the formal garden on the banks of the Shrewsbury, which is laid out in a formal manner, and is planted with both perennials and annuals. A sun-dial and terra cotta pots ornament the walks of the garden. The use of plants as an edging or bor- der to the flower- beds doubles its blooming capacity and, when the area of one’s garden is Gestricted, is of value from an eco- nomic as well as from an_ esthetic point of view. There are few, if any, beds but what are improved by the addition of some low growing plant around the edge, bring- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Steps Lead to the Patio with Its Balustrade Enclosure ing the flower-bed into closer relation with the sod, without manner. 179 any intervening strip of bare soil. If a plant that gives bloom is in harmony with the taller occu- pant of the bed, so much the _ better. This is what the gardener has evi- dently tried to do in this particular case, and though the illus- trations show a very slow growth, it is what is ultimately intended to be. In selecting plants for the beds laid out in a_ formal manner much con- sideration has been given to the group- ing of the masses of flowers and their relation to each other. Blend only two colors together and only those that are harmonious. One mass of color is often better than two colors blended. On the whole, then, and indeed in a very marked way, this is a house of in- teresting originality. It 41s) completely adapted to its site, not over large in Size, yer entincly ample for the demands made upon it for the accommodation of the owner, and environed in a thoroughly charming 180 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1907 The Summer Veranda By Esther Singleton ZAITHIN the past few years the veranda has come to mean something more than its dictionary cefinition—‘‘a kind of open portico formed by extending a_ sloping roof beyond the main building.” Built of ample or cosy proportions, supported by columns, inclosed by a stone or wooden balustrade or framed in by flower boxes, decorated with ornamental plants or bright blooms in jars or baskets, protected from the sun by — striped awnings or grass or bamboo curtains, and made comfortable with easy chairs, tables, rugs, and cush- ions, it has become a most important fea- ture of the American summer home. In this country, where the tall, thick, and glistering hedges of holly, box, yew, and hawthorn and the hioh ‘brick walls, which so delightfully screen one’s premises from the gaze of the world, are almost un- known, it is impossible to live upon one’s lawn in privacy. The veranda offers a com- promise between — in- ‘ A BST EOD: Se ane doors and outdoors, and has developed into a species of open-air room the furnishing of which is quite as important as that of any other room in the house. In our Southern States the delights and uses of the ve- randa have long been known. The visitor to Charleston, Savannah, New Orleans, and other cities (where, by the way it is often referred to as the “gallery” or the front or back ‘‘yo’ch”’), one is astonished to find not only every house, but every floor of the house supplied with a veranda extending around its three or four sides, as the case may be, and screened from the public eye by shutters, the smal] slats of which are opened to admit air and light. Here, in warm weather, the in- habitants not only sit and eat, but frequently sleep as well. These Southern ve- randas are not, how- ever, as a tule. fur: nished with any eye to decorative effect; it is in the more wealthy States of the North that the veranda is found in its glory. In the homes of mil- lionaires it sometimes exhibits not only luxurious but ex- 2—-The Increased Use of Verandas as Sitting- and Dining-rooms Requires Ample Areas May, 1907 AMIERTCAN HOMES: AND GARDENS 181 gleam of yellow to give de- light to the eye. Although this is the en- trance to a somewhat mod- est home, yet the arrange- ment is a little more formal than our other examples. A cosy little nook, which speaks for itself, appears as No. 5. A pretty effect is gained by the flower beds leading down to the low stone wall. Many country homes are now supplied with a separate veranda that is used for a breakfast-room. Indeed there is no more delightful way of beginning the day than by having your first meal in the open air with the birds singing around you and glimpses of blue sky and golden green. stretches of lawn through the waving trees. At first a fad and fancy, the veranda breakfast is now almost a_ necessity. The suburbanite now enjoys this reposeful meal as long tremely tasteful furnishings; in simpler homes of wealth and fashion it is often both correctly and attractively arranged; while, again, in more modest cottages and villas it is frequently bright and cosy. But in any shape the veranda is a welcome addition, and can be as charming as it is useful. Take, for example, Nos. 1, 2, and 7 of the accompanying illustrations, which are not beyond the reach of the ordinary af- fluent pocketbook. No. 1 would be more attractive if it were supplied with a balus- trade to give a sense of security and cosi- ness; but this defect is in a measure remedied when the bamboo curtains are dropped. The rug, tables, chairs, and potted plants render this a very homelike retreat. No. 2, from a house at Atlantic High- lands, is more elaborate. It is both spacious and cosy, making one long to lounge in one of the easy chairs idly gazing across the sea, or, still better, to dream away the starry summer night. No. 7, perched high above a beautiful landscape of rolling hills, is securely framed in by a stone balustrade adorned with potted plants and creepers. The long bench below the window is plentifully supplied with cushions, and an electric bulb furnishes light when needed. No. 6 is very pleasing, not only on ac- count of its proportions, but its floral adorn- ment. The long boxes contain masses of blossoms, and are kept filled with seasonable flowers. We are beginning to appreciate what beautiful effects can be produced by the simplest garden flowers when arranged in 4—A Double Veranda, the Inner Part Enclosed Within Doors and Screens, the Outer masses—a blaze of red, a mist of blue, or a of the Usual Type 182 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS May, 1907 eee 5—The Paths ‘and Flowers Without the Veranda Add Greatly to Its Beauty and Are a Part of Its Decoration 6—Long Boxes Filled with Masses of Bloom Add Greatly to the Beauty of this Porch May, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 183 glass and shut in with screens and through the glass doors we see the outer veranda, also equipped with chairs. ‘This arrange- ment is somewhat novel. The veranda is one of the most important features to be considered in the planning of a summer home. The placing of it is very important, for the reason that it should be placed in such a manner as to insure privacy and at the same time permit the securing of the most interesting views, whether it be mountain landscape or marine. Another important factor is for it to be placed on the side of the house which receives the prevail- ing winds. ‘The summer veranda is after all the main living quarters of the summer home. It should be furnished with light airy furnishings, wicker furniture being prefer- able, and if any of the chairs are to be upholstered they should have adjustable cushions which can be taken in at night, where a piazza is open to the elements, and can be placed in the sunshine after a damp, foggy season. 7—A Long Bench, Plentifully Supplied with Cushions, Greatly Increases the Seating Capacity of the Veranda as he can, before his wild dash for the train, as well as the country gentleman of leisure, who goes to town when it pleases him. High tea on the veranda is nearly as delightful as breakfast, and is often served in simple as well as fashion- able homes. Of course, the veranda for meals has to be situated near the dining- room and butler’s pantry for convenience of service.
  • FAG >> \Y oF, ae SAN es we The Facade of the Mansion Is Imp} ion Showing the Old Gate and the Front of the House A View of the Mans Ing Old Gate,” One of the Most Interesti 66 ap The Original House July, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 259 es nh * * 4 cs 5 | Py a) ‘ t : : x From the Rear Porch of “ Old Gate” a View of the Winding River May Be Seen sive with Its Classic Columns ‘fouses in Farmington, Built in 1780 as Built in 1660 J | AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1907 July, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 258 LSPS OL/ P1528 yt nasi she glare a ae eo Ro as On the Porch the Family Life Centers. This Portion of the House Was Built in 1660 (ML ] fn Hf LLL A View of the Mansion Showing the Old Gate and the Front of the House The Facade of the Mansion Is Impressive with Its Classic Columns From the Rear Porch of “ Old Gate” a View of the Winding River May Be Seen “Old Gate,” One of the Most Interesting Houses in Farmington, Built in 1780 The Original House Was Built in 1660 260 and resourceful men —men appreciative of the higher refine- ments of life, as evi- denced by the high grade and class of the houses and farm buildings which they built. Many of the houses on Main Street, erected be- fore the War of the Revolution, stand to-day as the most spacious, comfort- able and _ tasteful dwellings to be found in any of the Connecticut villages. Into some of these houses water was conducted from an early period by a primitive and most ingenious — system, known as the “Yel- low Pine Log Pipe Lines.” The early settlers were mostly members of the rep- resentative families of other colonies, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Morning-room Has a Fine Old Fireplace, and a Pleasant Outlook Into the Garden July, 1907 all was the pastor of the flock, to whom was allotted a double portion of land: “Atiter they, had thoroughly es- tablished themselves they turned their attention to the in- tellectual and indus- trial side of life. Schools were built, a general store was opened, saw and grist mills were es- tablished, and _ tan- ning yards, black- smiths’ shops and weaving looms were set up. The people universally had ‘genteel’? manners and customs, and everyone went to church,:.’ except “Seth” North, who did not take kindly to Puritan ways and never went to church, and the chil- dren, as well as their elders, were pleased having come from their landing in Boston with numerous to call him ‘‘Mr. Sinner.”” However, Mr. North was quite companies of migrators who formed settlements throughout Connecticut. “They were all farmers, and the largest one of The Onginal Kitchen, Dating from 1660, Has Been Transformed Into a Library. in advance of the times, for when he was drawing near to his end he directed that his body should be cremated, selecting The Old Chimney Is very Interesting and Is Provided with a Bake Oven and an Old Crane July, 1907 a lonely spot on the mountain, between two rocks, and his friend, Adam Stewart, as the chief cremator. ‘The civil au- thorities, however, interposed and insisted upon giving him what they deemed a Christian burial. Farmington has always had its aristocracy. Its men have been representative both in literary and ecclesiastical circles, as well as in the social and political life of the State. She gave to us the distinguished Governor Treadwell, the emi- nent patriot, scholar and Christian, and of whom an account of his public services must be a history of the common school system of Connecticut, of the rise of foreign missions and of much of the political history of the State in the days of the Revolution; the Rev. Noah Porter, D.D., whose pas- torate of the First Church of Christ continued for sixty years; AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 261 who served under the personal orders of General Washing- ton and who yielded his life to the cause of independence; the Hon. Timothy Pitkin, Moderator of the General Asso- ciation, Trustee of Dartmouth College and Fellow of Yale College; and Deacon Edmond Hooker, who kept the “Old Red College,” which not only counted among its students young men of the town, but Southern young gentlemen, who came to Farmington to be fitted for college. The largest and most prominent family, from its earliest settlers to the present time, is the Cowles family, whose rep- resentatives have been leading figures in all of its forms of society, for they have always been the wealthiest and most influential people of the place. Colonel George Cowles, who subsequently became a brigadier and then a major gen- The Most Stately Mansion in Farmington Has an Imposing Facade of Roman Character, and Is the Residence of James Lewis Cowles, Esq. the Rev. Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D., his son, who became President of Yale University, and whose fame is known wherever education and civilization extend; and Miss Sarah Porter, who established, in 1844, a school which subse- quently became the most celebrated school for girls in Amer- ica. Much as Miss Porter loved her school and devoted her life to its welfare, she was none the less identified with the village of Farmington and co-operative and foremost in all its plans for improvement. She loved the village and, in testimony of her love for it, she gave the only park which Farmington now possesses. Miss Porter died in her eighty- seventh year, on February 17, 1900, and a testimony of the love and esteem with which she was held by her former pupils is best expressed in the beautiful parish house which they built in her honor, nearly opposite the house in which she lived. Farmington also gave us Colonel Fisher Gay, eral, received the highest honor to be conferred by the militia of the State of Connecticut. His celebrated white horse, which he always kept ready to muster into service, testifies to the military character of the man. While General Cowles was a shining light in the military life of the State, there were others of the Cowles family whose lavish entertainments and courteous hospitality won for them the love, esteem and admiration of all the people of the community. They had fine estates and stables, and with grand suppers and dinners maintained the dignity of their social reign. General Cowles’ house, which was the most dignified and stately mansion in Farmington, was frequently the scene of much gaiety, while its subsequent owner, James Cowles, the wealthiest man of his time, maintained with equal splendor the old house of his predecessor. James Lewis Cowles, 262 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1907 Many Handsome Pieces of Antique Furniture Are Placed The Fireplace and the Old in the Morning-room of th The Library Has a Fine Old Mantel. Its Colonial Furniture is A Fine Old Mantel and M of Good Style Dra} Glimpses of the Interior of ‘“ Byde-. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 263 July, 1907 P i} & 4) Alls het eR. pa ass Warming-pan Are Characteristic A Four Poster, Low Boy and a Queen Anne Mirror Carry Out the Colonial ‘olonial House Effect of the Guest-room Wii, eee irr i SU etary 1} TEEN des TERE: 1 Wi Te thay yr Are the Chief Charms of the Furniture of Mahogany Completes the Furnishings of the Dining-room Interior View of “ Byde-a-Whyle” ng-room -Whyle,” an Old Farmington Mansion AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1907 July, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 263 262 Many Handsome Pieces of Antique Furniture Are Placed The Fireplace and the Old Brass Warming-pan Are Characteristic A Four Poster, Low Boy and a Queen Anne Mirror Carry Out the Colonial in the Moming-room of the Colonial House Effect of the Guest-room Po enenmil AEN N The Library Has a Fine Old Mantel. Its Colonial Furniture is A Fine Old Mantel and Mirror Are the Chief Charms of the Fumiture of Mahogany Completes the Furnishings of the Dining-room of Good Style Drawing-room Interior View of ‘“‘ Byde-a-Whyle” Glimpses of the Interior of “ Byde-a-Whyle,” an Old Farmington Mansion 264 founder of the Postal Progress League of America, is now the owner of this delightful old house, having inherited it from his father. It was built in 1808, and is constructed of brick. It is a grand old house, and is by far the most dignified and stately mansion in Farmington, with an imposing facade, of Roman character, facing toward the south. In the interior is a great hall containing a mahogany stair- case of quaint design with a graceful triple window on its landing. Fine old mahogany doors, with fluted casings and pediments, open into other rooms of ample size. The drawing-room has a fine old fireplace with a handsome Co- lonial mantel carved with exquisite delicacy. The library and dining-room, beyond the drawing-room, are furnished in a similar manner, and are dignified and stately. Of old- time charm there is abundance in this fine old house, a charm beginning with its first upbuilding, and which is quite in- separable from it. Rear-Admiral William Shefheld Cowles is also a distin- guished member of this family, and with his wife, Mrs. Cowles, a sister of Presi- dent Roosevelt, now maintains the most not- able house in Farmington. It is called “Old Gate,” and in summer is the scene of much festivity. Among its distinguished guests are numbered many members of the Diplomatic service, as well as others prominent in the naval and social life of the country. “Old Gate” is a charming place, and the old gate, from which it gets its name, is located at the entrance to the estate. It is classic in style, and is the most beau- tiful piece of architecture in Farmington. After crossing the threshold, a short walk brings one to the entrance, which is also classic in design. The hall is a central one, extending through the house in the manner of the old Colonial mansions. The interior is most interesting—paneled wainscoting, a mas- sive wooden cornice, the fine old doors and trim, and the grand old Georgian mantel and overmantel, very ably ex- press the excellent taste of its builder. The hall has a fine old mahogany staircase. To the left of the entrance is the drawing-room, furnished mostly with antique furniture; and corresponding to the drawing-room is the dining-room, containing a fine old Virginia dining- table and Sheraton chairs. Back of the drawing-room is the morning-room, which was formerly the dining-room. This has an attractive old fireplace and mantel, and attords a pleasant outlook into the garden. It also forms the entrance to the living-room, which was formerly the kitchen, and now the most important and interesting room in the house. In Colonial times an old house was seldom pulled down, but passed through a sort of evolution like the one in the present case. It was moved to the rear and made into a kitchen for the newer structure, so that the house had equally as many styles of architecture as it had dates of erection. The living-room of the present house was formerly the lower story of the original house built in 1660. It subsequently AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Classic Porticos Are the Chief Charm of “ Byde-a-Whyle” July, 1907 became the kitchen to the newer house, built in front of it about 1780, for Zenas Cowles, whose residence it was for many years. At the death of Zenas Cowles it became the property of Thomas Cowles, his youngest son, who married Elizabeth Shefheld, and at their death, Admiral Cowles be- came the owner. The style of architecture of this new house was much superior to all the houses of the village at the time of its erection, and is said to have been designed by an of- ficer in Burgoyne’s army, who was sent to Farmington as a prisoner of war. In 1898 Admiral Cowles added another extension to the house in order to provide for service quarters. Mrs. Cowles subsequently transformed the old kitchen into a library, and in its transformation, the old rough brick fireplace, with its upright iron cranes, was retained in its original form, and is now the principal feature of the room. It is built in a curious manner of a mass of rock, placed at the back of the fireplace to send out the heat into the room, and to prevent its being drawn to the outer air through the chimney flue. Bookcases were built in along the walls, and comfortable and homelike furniture was_ properly placed about the room, and the whole presents a delightful air that simply expresses the characteristic of good taste. The side porch, off the living-room, is a most attractive feature of the house, and here the family life centers on a warm day. Access is ob- tained from it tome grounds, which are hidden from the street by massive shrubbery. Passing over the grassed lawn, one finds his way to the rose garden, and thence to the river, with its picturesque and in- teresting boathouse. It was in this house that President Roosevelt, on October 23, 1901, received the warden and burgesses of the town, who in a dig- nified address bid him wel- come to Farmington. It was also here that, later in the day, he received, with Admiral and Mrs. Cowles, the other guests who came to pay their respects. “Byde-a-Whyle,” the old house built in 1815 by Major Timothy Cowles, another distinguished member of this fam- ily, is now the residence of Waldo K. Chase. It is a fine old house, planned in the shape of a cross with porticos built on the front and on either side, and which are supported on graceful fluted columns with Ionic capitals. When Mr. Chase purchased this old house he saw great possibilities for it, and, while its alterations have not been excessive, such changes as have been made are in keeping with its character. The alterations consisted in transforming the old kitchen and pantries into a dining-room and the building of an extension to contain the kitchen and servants’ quarters. The old hall has a mahogany staircase and paneled walls to the ceilings. The paneled wainscoting of old Colonial style is the feature of the house. Mr. Chase is a collector of antique furniture, and he has the-finest collection of furni- ture of the Colonial period in Farmington. The drawing-room, with its fine old Chippendale chairs, and its fine old mirror over the mantel, the library with its July, 1907 Sleepy Hollow chairs and fine old claw-foot table handsomely carved, the morning-room with its splendid mirror, its old mahogany bookcase, grandfather’s clock, and the ladder- back chairs, and the dining-room, with its fine mahogany fur- niture, all have a charm which is most delightful. ‘This charm is further enhanced by the furnishings of the sleeping- rooms in the second floor. Each of the rooms is a gem in itself, but one of the guest rooms, shown in the illustration, is especially notable, with its four-poster, and its low-boy used for a dressing-table, over which is hung a Queen Anne mirror. The den is off the dining-room, and among its treasures, which Mr. Chase prizes very highly, is an old sign which, many years ago, hung over the door of a cob- bler’s shop, and on which is inscribed, with yellow-painted letters, each word being punctuated by a period, the fol- lowing notice: Terms. strictly. cash. No. Kathleen. Mavourneen. Payments. Jt. map. be. for. pears. and. it. map. be. forever. Leaving Mr. Chase’s house and walking toward the north, one passes the old Congregational Church, which is typical of many of the old village churches of New England. The spire is its crowning glory, not only for external beauty, but for its construction. This church was organized October 13, 1652, by seven of the foremost townsmen, who afterward were known as the ‘‘Seven Pillars of the Church.”” To show Concluded AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 265 the solemn nature of these men, a story is told of one of its deacons who kept a shop, Mr. Samuel Richards, a very godly man of Puritanic ways, who deemed it necessary, on account of his office, to appear grave and solemn, so much so that when a boy appeared at his shop one morning, he became frightened by the solemnity of the man, instead of asking for a pair of L-hinges, he demanded of the horrified deacon a pair of archangels. Mr. Richards was also the first post- master in Farmington, and the ‘‘Connecticut Courant” re- cords, on July 22, 1799, “A Post Office established at Farm- ington for public accommodation, Samuel Richards, P. M.” The post office was kept in the front hall of his house, and the half dozen letters which some times accumulated were fastened on the wall with tape. Beyond the church one passes many fine old houses, the most important of which is the one built by Gad Cowles, and now the residence of Henry N. Whittlesley. The old house is built of brick, and has a fine entrance and portico at the side. [The chief charm of the house, however, is its beauti- ful mantels. ‘The one in the front drawing-room is carved with exquisite delicacy and detail, and the beauty of this mantel was so much admired by the committee in charge of the erection of the Connecticut State Building for the World’s Fair at Chicago that a replica of it was placed in the new structure. According to Colonial law each town was obliged to keep a tavern or inn for the entertainment of travelers, and Joseph Root, of the village, was appointed by the town to attend to this duty. In 1691 an inn with a swinging sign offered en- tertainment for man and beast, and it subsequently became what is to-day the Elm Tree Inn, owned and conducted by on page 280 “ Byde-a-Whyle,” the Summer Home of Waldo K. Chase, Esq., Originally Built for Major Timothy Cowles in 1815 266 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1907 The Entrance Porch to the House. An Old Iron The Chief Charm of the Interior of the House Is Its Mantels, Railing Flanks the Staircase Carved with Exquisite Delicacy The House Built for Gad Cowles Is Now, the Summer Home of Henry N. Whittlesley, Esq. July, 1907 SNe? MERICANS have during recent years ac- quired a new regard for almost every branch of outdoor life, sport and recrea- tion. House-boating has found many ad- moO Ve mirers in this country, and each year the QUMAS) ranks are augmented by hundreds of re- cruits; for perhaps nothing else combines so well the attractions of a recreation and the solution of the summer problem. In increasing numbers families leave their city homes for the country or shore during the hot months of the year. But most of the desirable resorts within commuting distance of large centers are ex- pensive; and the : & man of moderate means frequently 1s forced to send _ his family to some place a long distance from town, at a point so remote that he him- self can not join his family except per- haps for an occa- sional week-end. This, of course, is a hardship for all con- cerned; but the chil- dren must be in the country. Yet there obstacles may be easily overcome; and if they did but know it, the solution is ready waiting for the puzzled ones to take advantage of. The house-boat solves the problem for those who enjoy life on the water, and there are few who do not. The house-boat can _ be built to fit almost any purse; and there are few cities which have not, within an hour by rail or boat, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS House-Boating America By ALBERT BRADLEE HUNT A House-boat on the Indian River 207 a suitable lake or river or bay where a house-boat may be moored; the business man may go back and forth each day, and every night may be spent with his family. A mode of living is thus made possible that adds materially to the health and happiness of all. The great majority of us are “‘hewers of wood and drawers of water,’ and it is to such that house-boating should have its strongest appeal. The leisure class have already given this recreation their stamp of approval. There are many types of house-boats, but in this article I shall deal specifically with but one, the only true type, known variously as the stationary scow or immobile house-boat. This type of boat has no means of pro- pulsion; to move it from one place to another it is nec- essary to call into requisition a launch be, or tug. Asa matter of fact, however, this is rather more of an advantage than otherwise; for in actual practice house-boats exhibit a tendency to remain in one place, when a location has been found that combines a good base for sup- plies, clean water, sheltered anchorage and convenience of access totown. Then, too, one elim- inates from the boat the gasoline engine, which means a say- ing of room, no small factor in a boat of moderate size, and a saving of expenses. or st he house-boat pro- pelled with a gaso- line engine means a more. expensively constructed hull to 268 begin with, and while the initial cost is greater all the way through, it is also far more expensive to maintain. A small gasoline launch, which will serve for tender, ex- press and market boat, will be found a great convenience and an almost indispensable adjunct to the house-boat. Aside from its great usefulness, it enables the owner, the family and guests, to make frequent excursions and to visit and ex- plore all the nearby places. The advantages of the marine gasoline motor need not be extolled here, but suffice to say that these handy and simple little machines have now been brought to a very high point of perfection. The aim of nearly all manufacturers has been to make them ‘‘fool- a 4 R si The Galley Is Conveniently Arranged for Cooking Purposes proof,” and anyone with ordinary intelligence can handle the motor with ease and safety. Power tenders can be had at moderate figures, some good ones can be bought as low as $150. ‘The modified dory and sharpie make admirable launches, and have the great ad- vantage of being most inexpensive. The cost of the engine itself is very much the same, no matter in what type of hull it may be installed. A sailing dory makes a handy tender, for it can be easily propelled with either oars or sails. A canoe adds to the com- pleteness of one’s fleet; it is cheap, is easily paddled, and may be readily lifted out of the water and put on the upper deck out of the way. The servant question is not as vexatious as one might sup- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1907 pose, unless, of course, one insists on having a maid. If the boat is large enough and the owner desires to keep a servant, a man will prove far more satisfactory. Chinese are by far the best; but few are to be had. Swedes and Norwegians come next, and they are invariably good boatmen; they fill the requirements very nicely. They are generally clean, and most of them can cook sufficiently well to prepare in a palat- able way the simple fare one demands when living afloat. West Indian negroes have been tried by many with ex- cellent results. Those bred in the British possessions make the best servants. Most of them can cook, and besides being reasonably clean, are usually good swimmers and watermen. ac ei iis SR The“ Hostess” on the Railways Waiting for Her Dash into the Sea The “‘ Hostess” and Her Tender When one is fortunate enough to secure a good Jap he will prove to be all that could be desired. But in general the Japanese are hardly to be recommended, for they are con- stantly changing, and many are careless and dirty. ‘The good ones command a high wage, and the poor ones are not wanted at any price. For the children one should, of course, select a servant who can swim and handle a boat well, for he can teach the young folks to swim and sail and row; and one may go to town in the morning with the satisfaction of knowing that the little ones are in good hands. The cost of living on a house-boat should average a little less than it does in town. Meats will cost a little more, but under some conditions fish and shell fish may cost less. Gro- July, 1907 ceries can be had for the same price one pays in town, while green vegetables, milk, cream, etc., should be cheap when they are to be had from farms adjacent to the anchorage. To suggest anchorages and mooring places where house- boats may be best enjoyed would be an almost endless and futile task, for our country is a network of rivers and streams. Besides the numberless inland waters there are the coast lines with the indentations and bays, suitable for house-boat moorings. There are certain things to bear in mind when picking out an anchorage, wherever it may be. Be sure that it is per- fectly sheltered from every quarter, anchor as near the shore AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 269 entirely new; that is, the scows were specially built to take the house, which insures a tight and clean hull. Taking an old scow or hull and building a house on it is a questionable operation, for the converted hulls are generally leaky and frequently are infested with vermin. The building of an entirely new boat may mean a greater outlay at first, but she will be far more satisfactory and in the long run the cost for repairs will be less. “Hostess,” the smallest of the quartet, was designed for his own use by Mr. Charles D. Mower, a well-known naval architect practicing in New York City. She was built at College Point, L. I., under the designer’s supervision. The Divan Provides Extra Sleeping Accomodation for a Guest as you can, and still avoid mosquitoes and noises from shore resorts or other objectionable places. A mushroom anchor (shaped as its name indicates) and a chain cable are always good investments. If they are large enough they afford the best sort of insurance, and on stormy nights one need never sit up and worry and wonder if the boat is dragging. To give a full and practical idea of the immobile house- boat, I have selected four craft, all of which are built within a short distance of New York City. “These boats have been taken not alone because they are representative craft of their type, but because they were built where labor and material are higher than elsewhere in this country, and boats that can be built for the figures mentioned in this locality could be constructed for less money elsewhere. All four boats were ‘“Hostess”’ was intended for a bachelor’s quarters afloat, and while Mr. Mower has lived alone on the boat for the past three seasons, there is ample room to put up a guest for a night or longer. She is twenty-six feet long over all and ten feet wide. The bottom is flat, and is of 14-inch yellow pine planked athwart-ships. Three fore-and-aft stringers, 3 by 4 inches, give additional stiffness. All the seams are well caulked with oakum. Yellow pine, 1% inches thick, is also used on the sides of the scow, which are stiffened by the studs that run down to the stringers on each side. Weather- boarding, 34 inch thick, covers the sides and end of the house, the top of which is planked with 7 inch tongue and grooved pine. ‘The entire roof is covered with painted canvas. Spruce beams, 11% inches thick, support the roof; 268 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS begin with, and while the initial cost is greater all the way through, it is also far more expensive to maintain. A small gasoline launch, which will serve for tender, ex- press and market boat, will be found a great convenience and an almost indispensable adjunct to the house-boat. Aside from its great usefulness, it enables the owner, the family and guests, to make frequent excursions and to visit and ex- plore all the nearby places. The advantages of the marine gasoline motor need not be extolled here, but suffice to say that these handy and simple little machines have now been brought to a very high point of perfection. The aim of nearly all manufacturers has been to make them ‘“‘fool- The Galley Is Conveniently Arranged for Cooking Purposes proof,” and anyone with ordinary intelligence can handle the motor with ease and safety. Power tenders can be had at moderate figures, some good ones can be bought as low as $150. The modified dory and sharpie make admirable launches, and have the great ad- vantage of being most inexpensive. The cost of the engine itself is very much the same, no matter in what type of hull it may be installed. A sailing dory makes a handy tender, for it can be easily propelled with either oars or sails. A canoe adds to the com- pleteness of one’s fleet; it is cheap, is easily paddled, and may be readily lifted out of the water and put on the upper deck out of the way. The servant question is not as vexatious as one might sup- July, 1907 pose, unless, of course, one insists on having a maid. If the boat is large enough and the owner desires to keep a servant, a man will prove far more satisfactory. Chinese are by far the best; but few are to be had. Swedes and Norwegians come next, and they are invariably good boatmen; they fill the requirements very nicely. They are generally clean, and most of them can cook sufficiently well to prepare in a palat- able way the simple fare one demands when living afloat. West Indian negroes have been tried by many with ex- cellent results. Those bred in the British possessions make the best servants. Most of them can cook, and besides being reasonably clean, are usually good swimmers and watermen. The “ Hostess” and Her Tender When one is fortunate enough to secure a good Jap he will prove to be all that could be desired. But in general the Japanese are hardly to be recommended, for they are con- stantly changing, and many are careless and dirty. The good ones command a high wage, and the poor ones are not wanted at any price. For the children one should, of course, select a servant who can swim and handle a boat well, for he can teach the young folks to swim and sail and row; and one may go to town in the morning with the satisfaction of knowing that the little ones are in good hands. The cost of living on a house-boat should average a little less than it does in town. Meats will cost a little more, but under some conditions fish and shell fish may cost less. Gro- July, 1907 ceries can be had for the same price one pays in town, while green vegetables, milk, cream, etc., should be cheap when they are to be had from farms adjacent to the anchorage. To suggest anchorages and mooring places where house- boats may be best enjoyed would be an almost endless and futile task, for our country is a network of rivers and streams. Besides the numberless inland waters there are the coast lines with the indentations and bays, suitable for house-boat moorings. There are certain things to bear in mind when picking out an anchorage, wherever it may be. Be sure that it is per- fectly sheltered from every quarter, anchor as near the shore AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 269 entirely new; that is, the scows were specially built to take the house, which insures a tight and clean hull. Taking an old scow or hull and building a house on it is a questionable operation, for the converted hulls are generally leaky and frequently are infested with vermin. The building of an entirely new boat may mean a greater outlay at first, but she will be far more satisfactory and in the long run the cost for repairs will be less. “Hostess,” the smallest of the quartet, was designed for his own use by Mr. Charles D. Mower, a well-known naval architect practicing in New York City. She was built at College Point, L. I., under the designer’s supervision. The Divan Provides Extra Sleeping Accomodation for a Guest as you can, and still avoid mosquitoes and noises from shore resorts or other objectionable places. A mushroom anchor (shaped as its name indicates) and a chain cable are always good investments. If they are large enough they afford the best sort of insurance, and on stormy nights one need never sit up and worry and wonder if the boat is dragging. To give a full and practical idea of the immobile house- boat, I have selected four craft, all of which are built within a short distance of New York City. These boats have been taken not alone because they are representative craft of their type, but because they were built where labor and material are higher than elsewhere in this country, and boats that can be built for the figures mentioned in this locality could be constructed for less money elsewhere. All four boats were “Hostess’’ was intended for a bachelor’s quarters afloat, and while Mr. Mower has lived alone on the boat for the past three seasons, there is ample room to put up a guest for a night or longer. She is twenty-six feet long over all and ten feet wide. The bottom is flat, and is of 14-inch yellow pine planked athwart-ships. Three fore-and-aft stringers, 3 by 4 inches, give additional stiffness. All the seams are well caulked with oakum. Yellow pine, 11% inches thick, is also used on the sides of the scow, which are stiffened by the studs that run down to the stringers on each side. Weather- boarding, 34 inch thick, covers the sides and end of the house, the top of which is planked with 7 inch tongue and grooved pine. The entire roof is covered with painted canvas. Spruce beams, 1}4 inches thick, support the roof; 270 at the center, the highest point of the crown, they are six inches in depth. The cabin floor is laid on the bottom stringers, and there is six feet six inches head room under the deck beams. The windows, which have diamond panes, add materially to the general effect of the exterior and in- Top of kouse Ze’ tongue and groove pine Covered with Carvas _ Half rourd moulding tocover Edge of Carvas aes —— Sa + be +e — blouse eam 1% thick 6 deep at center, Z'at ends mai Wet sales aE \2'x3'Sill to support [beams _ 3. f ia 4 pire finish piece \ ges header x . Window hinged at top In Window Operin 6 | i 34 pire finish 34 rabbeted weather Bearding Side platform 18°wide — Lo eat Suppor TS Side planks 14” Yellow pire —— 6°" headroom under bean \ Cob y reorg! a —= ‘i a foreaed off Steiger Ser ge a ¥ — = == = = Bottom 1% Yellow pire flanked athwartshijo The Transverse Section Shows the Simple Method of Construction terior. They are hinged at the top to open out at the bottom. ‘This is the best practice, AMERICAN HOMES AND) GASRIDIE NS July, 1907 brown burlap is used. The furniture and decorations are shown in the photographs of the interior, and the construc- tion of hull and house is indicated clearly on the carefully worked-out plans. “Hostess” cost, complete, less than $600, this figure in- cluding all interior fittings. The original contract was for $294. Extras, including running board, rails, special sash and doors, and installing plumbing, ran the cost up about $100. The interior fitting and mooring added about $100 more. ‘The mooring consists of a 350-pound Fair Haven mushroom anchor, with two lengths of 5-16 inch chain, which are shackled to a heavy swivel in the main chain, which is3 inches in diameter, giving the boat a scope of about fifty feet. The ends of the bridle of the 5-16 inch chain are shackled to heavy wrought iron chain-plates on either side of the bow. Among the many admirers of ‘Hostess’ were two brothers, Messrs. A. H. and J. W. Lincoln, friends of Mr. Mower’s, who also made their headquarters at Manhasset Bay, L. I., where Mr. Mower kept his boat. They say that Mr. Mower’s experiment proved an entirely practical one, Atha WALA AARAN A as the windows can be left open during rainy weather, thus giving needed ventilation, and water seldom, if ever, finds its way inside. The sides of the scow are painted black above the water-line and green below. ‘The house is a deep red, which is relieved by the white on the window trim, sash, etc. The top of the cabin house and the deck are yel- low. A Dutch door leads from the after deck (which is six inches lower than the top The Arrangement of Lockers, Galley and Fittings Are Shown in the Longitudinal Section —Forward Deck —— and, after two seasons, they decided to have built for themselves a similar boat, but one somewhat longer, to meet their requirements. The result was ‘‘Yankee,”’ a boat four feet longer and two feet wider than ‘“‘Host- ess.” The construction of the later boat was almost identical with that of her prototype, but the interior arrangement was somewhat different; the larger galley and separate lavatory on Gloss iv upper half Durer Noor — Aft Deck ‘“Yankee’’ were features not possible in the smaller craft. ‘“Yankee”’ cost a little over y A Complete Arrangement of Rooms and Furniture of the hull, to give full head-room in the doorway) to the living-room in the after end of the house. The interior is simple but effective in $600 complete. During the treatment. The deck beams are painted white throughout. In the living-room the y —— >< =] A> C-O-< [Besesa “| LASS PSS] |! coach green, while studs are of a deep in the stateroom a we eae light brown is used. ‘ Olive green burlap covers the spaces be- SESS LE tween the studs in the living-room, and in the bedroom a The “ Hostess,” Showing the Planking Below and Above the Water Line Ds anees tesceer seer sr = co = a = — ny 3) Cae Teer ih : aT In| SSS ADP IPP PDP DA PAAR ADAADA Bs = = a? ; SSRN SSeS l] < So ~ = ———s — =a July, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 27% Key to Plan of “The Moorings” D. R.—Dining-room, 17 ft. by 21 ft. L. R.—Living-room, 17 ft. 8 in. by 21 ft. 6 in. I. R. 1—Bedroom, 18 ft. 9 in. by 9 ft. 6 in. B. R. 2—Bedroom, 13 ft. 8 in. by 8 ft. 7 in. B. R. 3—Bedroom, 8 ft. 7 in. by 9 ft. 8 in. B. R. 4-—Servants’ bedroom, 8 ft. 7 in. by Tortt. i6;1n- B. 1—Bathroom, 7 ft. 6 in. by 6 ft, 10 in. B. z2—Bathroom, 8 ft. 7 in. by 4 ft. P.—Passage, 3 ft. wide. L. C.—Linen closet. D. W. Dumb-waiter, D.—Dresser, B.—Boiler. R.—Range. C.—Closets. T.—Table, M.—Fireplace. Y.—Servants’ toilet. V.—After deck. Ik.—Forward deck. I’.—Gallery along sides. U. D.—Upper deck. G.—China closet. J.—Serving table. W. T.—Water tanks. L.—Gangway. The hull is planked with 3 inch yellow pine, and is strengthened by longitudinal stringers. The house is sheathed inside and out. The outside is painted white and the inside is hard pine var- nished. The interior ar- rangement was laid out by her “The Moorings” summer months she is moored in very much the same way as “Hostess” is, and any visitor at Manhasset Bay will see the twins, for they look very much alike in the offing, riding quietly at their anchorages off the Manhasset Bay Yacht Club. In the ‘‘New Netherlands” we have a larger and more expensive craft. She is owned by Mr. S. D. Scudder, a New York banker, who has resided on the boat with his family for several seasons, and the experience has been most delight- ful. ‘‘New Netherlands” first made her headquarters while under Mr. Scudder’s ownership in Jamaica Bay, N. Y., but later was towed around to Gravesend Bay, and for the past two seasons has been moored there off the Atlantic Yacht Club. ‘‘New Netherlands” was built by a wealthy Brook- lyn gentleman, and was put together in a rather extravagant way. The scow is forty feet long and twenty feet wide, and the boat complete is said to have cost over $3500. ‘This price is high; a boat of the size and type ought to be well built in the vicinity of New York for from $1500 to $1800. original owner and Mr. Scud- der has found it satisfactory in every respect. ‘There are four persons in Mr. Scudder’s family, and one servant is always carried. We would criticise one thing in the plan, and that is the toilet-room opening directly from the main saloon or living-room. ‘This is a distinctly bad feature. It is well, in working out plans of house-boats, to put the bath and toilet-rooms in the most out-of-the-way place possible and still have them accessible, a task easily within the possi- bilities of good planning and wise forethought. One of the largest and the most pretentious house-boats built in this country is ‘Phe Moorings.” She was con- structed at City Island in Mr. Robert Jacob’s shipyard from his own design. ‘The Moorings” was built during the slack season, and the best men in his employ did the work on her. She is very substantially built throughout. The hull is planked with 24-inch yellow pine, diagonally braced athwart ship, as well as fore and aft. There are five kelsons and six athwartships, 8 x 8-inch yellow pine timbers, spiked, kneed and braced to the keelsons. The deck beams are 6 x 6-inch yellow pine, running the full width of the boat, extending Side View of “ The Moorings” “Wa-Ta-Wah” Bow View of “The Moorings” 292 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1907 Side View of ‘“ Yankee” over each side of the hull three feet six inches, forming the under beams for the piazza or galley on each side. The deck is 2-inch spruce, tongued and grooved. The house is set on this deck, bolted with iron rods at proper intervals and studded with 2 x 4-inch stock and 4 x 4-inch at the cor- ners. [he outside of the house is covered with weather boarding. The windows and window frames are stock sizes. The roof is 1-inch white pine, tongued and grooved, cov- ered with heavy canvas and painted. The upper and lower deck railings are built of 4x 4-inch uprights, and stiffened with iron rods. The Bow View of ‘“ Yankee” closet connecting with the bathroom and the hall. Aft of this room, on the starboard side, is the kitchen, fitted with a single oven range, the same type as is used in a house ashore, with hot water boiler, sink, dressers and folding wall tables. On the port side, in the after end of the house, is the cook and steward’s room, fitted with a wash-basin and hanging closet. Adjoining this room, going forward, is the guest room, fitted with basin and a large hanging closet. Next to this room, going forward, is a bathroom fitted up netting around the upper deck is of the ordinary 1%4- inch wire variety. The dining-room is of the same general construction 4°9' as that of the house on the main deck. On both sides of the house, under cover, are two stairways to the 2 upper deck. ‘The dining- ‘a room is directly over the kitchen, and is connected by |Z-On * Canvas covered dak 3 crown dumbwaiter. All interior woodwork is painted white with the exception of the dining-room, which is stained antique oak. The sides of all walls are covered } plain Trim — shingles shingles 56" with burlap of different shades. ‘The living-room has an open fireplace with a wooden mantel and a large mirror above. This room is entered on both sides forward through Dutch doors, the upper sec- tions of which are of glass. In the forward end of the room is a bay window and 5 10' a window-seat. The hall, three feet wide, After Deck. ate ee eT runs one foot out of center sunk 6 CABIN 2 the entire length of the boat. On the starboard side, ad- joining the living-room, is the owner’s large, double stateroom, with two win- dows, two large closets and connecting with its own ——— 50.0” —* 22-0" * 4-0" 1o' landing step A3-6' shelves GALLEY y _ a ee ee re See sash 9 La) CLOSET 3-0% private bath, which contains + bathtub, closet and_ basin. There is also a large linen Plan and Elevations of ‘“ Yankee” July, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 273 very much the same as the one on the starboard side. Ad- is absolutely open from one end of the boat to the other, joining this is a double stateroom with basin and roomy and has about four feet head-room. On the forward deck closet. The whole is conveniently arranged. is a capstan capable of handling a 350-pound anchor. ‘There “New Netherlands ” There is running water, hot and cold, throughout the boat, are two landing gangways, one on the starboard side forward and a tank capacity on the upper deck of about 2000 gallons. and one on the port side aft. The dimensions of ‘“The Moor- All the water is circulated to the basins, tubs and other fix- ings’ are as follows: Length over all 71 feet; breadth of Tf ‘ e . = PLATTORM Side _ French doors es yoper tack aaa L ; 2 oe, s BED KOM Transom J aide Ja & re) by 06 x lockers unaar ar a } KITCHEN nest | Double Bed LIVING R@M 11-6" by 13" | folds up under shelf DECK Zxdension Table wth stars Shelf [AFTER DECK | Double Bed 3 Jolds yp under shelf Nei 3} SS _-~-------~-~----------! ‘| N F "TTT ==" SERVANTS ~ 5. D Ror BED Rao | fed Leh s 10 byOS 5" by 716" 6' by 7-6" FLATFORM S wide The Plan of “New Netherlands’ Showing the Arrangement of the Rooms tures by gravity flow, no pumps being required. On the hull, 23 feet 6 inches; extreme breadth, including piazza, 29 after deck is a toilet room for the cook and steward; there feet 6 inches; draft of hull, about 8 inches. The cost of the is also space for an ice-box and hatch to the hold. The hold boat was about $7800 complete. Two servants, steward = ¥ Ts, + ut po Aft View, Keble College Barge Bow View, Keble College Barge 274 and cook, are carried. Success in house-boat life is, of course, largely depen- dent upon the interest in it taken by those who adopt it as a mode of passing the summer. Personal interest in a sport is a first essential in any successful enjoyment of it. One should not be tempted by the thought of cheapness and economy in undertaking to live upon a house-boat; the manner of living, the pleasure it may give, the relaxation it may afford, the change it will bring—all these are es- sential matters that should be fully weighed and _ con- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS RO Ren el Pare July, 1907 sidered before a house-boat is added to one’s possessions, or before this particular way of passing the summer is adopted. That the house-boat brings many joys to many persons is amply attested by the fact that it has now become a thoroughly popular and widespread form of living. It is a sport—to use a convenient if not altogether happy expression—that appeals to many. Not only does it appeal to many, but it is a form of pleasure that can be indulged in by persons of very various means. It is, therefore, one of the most democratic of sports, being quite without—if need be—the large ex- pense that is attendant upon motoring or other expensive fads. The house- boats described in this article show a considerable variation in price, yet each boat is completely adapted to the needs of its individual owner, and meets exactly all requirements. An Interior of a House-boat on the Thames A Typical House-boat on the Thames somey] 24} UO Jeoq-asnofy ay} jo ainjeay e UsYO s] ‘sjUe;Y BuIMoIT) Aq pepunoung ‘yoaq seddq uy 276 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1907 pe 7 NEPA DORR $4 WNT : 2 NA On es x are la P 7, ¢ — a \We : WA UCO ERICH . T IS natural that peo- (f a ee : votedly attached to their dogs ple should love dogs, = : Nera and that James I, Charles II for since the earliest and Henry VIII took a great ages, long before the historical y deal of interest in the stock of their kennels. Rey rae ee eer ¢ For ages the dog has been the theme of period in Europe, there is evi- > dog sen dence that man possessed the dog a eleanor geet ane ia and that a close companion- . who have penned many brilliant tributes ship existed between the two. ‘ % = to his faithfulness, unselfish devotion Even kings and queens did not me) and sagacity. Of these the eloquent disdain the friendship of ca- nines, and it is a matter of record that Queens Elizabeth and Victoria were de- SCOTCH COLLIE panegyric pronounced by the late Sen- ator Vest during a so-called dog case in court, many years ago, is probably best GORDEN m™ SLTTER known in this country and only approached, but not equaled, by the celebrated eulogy of Buffon, the eminent French naturalist. It is undeniable that these encomiums are richly deserved, for no other domestic ani- mal has ever done as much to guard and save life and property. For an example, we need go no further than the unparalleled record of Barry, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 277 July, 1907 tiful collies | ever saw was consigned to an early grave, because he was kept shut up in the house and not permitted to romp. How the noble St. Bernard, who actually saved no less than forty persons and then perished in the attempt to save the Similar instances are not rare. forty-first. KING CHARLES SPANIELS When the descent of the dog from two species of wolf is taken into consideration, his gradual development into the intelligent type of to-day appears to be truly remarkable. No one can study dogs without observing that they apparently possess every mental if not moral faculty of man. Our own aboriginal emotions, such as love, hate, jealousy, irritability, sulkiness, shyness, shame and guilt are clearly expressed in their faces. But their good qualities always outshine their bad and more trustworthy and sympathizing companions can not be found anywhere. They seem to comprehend everything that transpires. Small wonder, then, that dogs are more highly esteemed to-day than ever before in the history of the world. It is interesting to note, in passing, as it were, that the dog is the only animal that dreams, and that he and the elephant are the only animals that understand looks and expressions. In the selection of a dog of course many things are to be considered. And the choice is not always easy, particularly when one is a lover of various breeds and has no strongly expressed predilection. But even when one can readily tell which sort one likes best, partiality should be tempered with judgment. The purchaser should not be that poor dog would have reveled in freedom! While I have no hesitation in conceding the beauty of the rough-coated collie, | must confess that I have often wondered why the smooth-coated one is not bred more extensively in this country, for this dog possesses all of the good qualities pertaining to his breed. He is preferable to his long-haired brother, moreover, because he does not bring so much mud into the house and does not have to be brushed occasionally to keep his hair from matting. This, by the way, is an advantage —_ presented by all short-haired dogs, and should be remembered whenever a canine for the house is to be selected. After deciding upon the breed that is best adapted to his wants, the prospective purchaser should endeavor to procure the purest strain of the species he fancies. Many persons are inclined to scoff at the pedigrees of dogdom aristocrats, but it is certainly easier to find purchasers for either the originals or their progeny when particulars and references can be given, to say nothing of the prizes that may be captured at dog shows. Incidentally it may not be amiss to mention the fact that in numerous instances these prizes have more than paid for valuable animals, thus justifying the judg- ment of their owners. The choice of a dog is greatly facilitated if the purpose for which he is intended is clearly borne in mind. Not being employed in securing game, a watch or house-dog, for ex- ample, is hardly required to have either the scenting powers or the conformation necessary for speed and en- durance found inhunting dogs, but in the larger breeds should WIRE-HAIRED TERRIER carried away, for instance, by the pre- vailing fashion in dogs and allow him- self to be induced to acquire a canine that is not adapted to his wants. In the United States, at present, the collie is the most popular breed, and some people seem to labor under the delusion that he may be kept under any circumstances and yet thrive. But these persons evi- dently forget that the collie is accus- tomed to a great deal of exercise in his native state and can not be expected to remain in prime condition when he is closely confined. One of the most beau- A BUSHEL OF POODLE be adapted for an attack on instruders and in the smaller show a disposition and intelli- gence fitted for the guard- ing of persons and property. BULL TERRIERS Among the large breeds I 278 would unhesitatingly place the St. Bernards first. ‘They are courageous, very intelligent, affectionate and faithful, be- sides being good tempered and first-rate watch dogs. But, like the collie, they require a wonderful amount of liberty, and should not be kept closely confined. ‘Their dignified, sweet and noble expression of countenance, majestic size and fine coat have endeared them particularly to the lovers of beautiful dogs and_ rendered AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July. 1907 such a comical appear- ance that all who saw him were convulsed with laughter, while he slunk guiltily aside. On other occasions he would saunter out of the hen house with an egg con- cealed in his cheek, look- ing as innocent as you please. These things happened in the days of his puppyhood when he was naughty; later on there was no cause for CN Yee TRS UU +ERRIFA alee them deservedly popular. I am now speaking of the rough- coated variety; the smoot-coated, if I am not mistaken, is not bred in this country at all, probably because it lacks some beauty, although it possesses all the other characteristics of its race. Having owned three St. Bernards, I believe I am qualified in pronouncing judgment upon these dogs. For sagacity, fidelity and a sweet temper, they are certainly un- surpassed. ‘They may be safely entrusted with very young children and constitute a dependable guard of honor to every woman in the household. In my experience, however, a St. Bernard that has been reared at home is preferable to one raised in a kennel. ‘Prince Bismarck,” the best dog of this kind I ever had, came to us on an Oakland county farm in Michigan as a puppy, and was raised on farm products, in- cluding skimmed milk. While we were subsisting on the fat of the land, he saw to it that he got his share. One day he inserted his head in the bran bag in the barn and began licking up the contents. I presume some of the bran got into his nostrils and caused him to sneeze. At any rate, when he pulled his head out, it was powdered with the whitish bran, and the dog, emerging from the barn door, presented ROUGH-HAIRED ST. BERNARD A TYPICAL ST. BERNARD complaint. His death was caused by poison, when he was about five years old, by some conscienceless scoundrel. July, 1907 It is a pity that Newfoundlands are no longer in favor, as this breed possesses many points of excellence. I remember one fine dog of this kind, owned by my wife’s family, that was every bit as intelligent as any St. Bernard that ever drew breath. On wash-days he used to receive the washwoman with barks of exultation, take her gently by the sleeve and conduct her down into the basement up to the tubs, as if to say: ‘Here you are; now go to work.” Of the other large breeds it is only necessary to mention the great Danes and mastifis, both of which are still exten- sively bred but do not seem to be attracting as much attention as formerly. Of the great Danes I can not speak from ex- perience, but once upon a time I owned a mastiff who was as strong as an ox and as obstinate as a mule, and ever since I have had the impression that this breed is decidedly inferior to the St. Bernards. Of the medium-sized dogs, probably none are as graceful as English greyhounds, unless it be their Italian cousins. Their speed is said to be equal to that of the fleetest horse, but there appears to be some truth in the statement that these dogs are deficient in attachment to their master and in gen- eral intelligence. In England they are principally used in coursing, and the only chance the hare has of escaping is to ‘turn and turn about. But in this country they are merely regarded as ornamental. Deerhounds, on the other hand, which are similar to the greyhound, but much longer and rough-coated, are most af- fectionate and very good watch dogs. These are the dogs of which Sir Walter Scott was so fond that he gave them the run of the study at Abbotsford. As his name indicates, the coach dog, or Dalmatian, is principally used in this country to follow a carriage and not as a pointer as is the case in his native land. Of the smaller breeds none is so well known as the bull- dog, a canine of English origin that is not in high favor in trampdom. Every hobo is aware of the fact that it is better to give this animal a wide berth, as the bulldog is decidedly dangerous when aroused, and does not give warning of an attack by barking. Instead he flies straight at the throat of the intruder and is exceedingly difficult to dislodge. In fact he will not, as a rule, let go until his victim is partially suf- focated. Endowed with an indomitable courage, he yet rarely assumes the offensive and is seldom ill-tempered. He readily submits to great liberties being taken by those who are familiar with him, but is very rarely molested by strangers because of his morose, forbidding-looking appearance. Those who are best acquainted with him say that the bulldog is kind, faithful and affectionate to his masters, and that no guard is ever more faithful in the discharge of his duty. That the bull terrier should possess undaunted courage is not strange when we reflect that the blood of the bulldog flows in his veins; he is also a faithful guardian of persons and property. But, unlike the bulldog, he is neat in appear- ance and of a lively disposition, besides being of a loving and gentle temperament when well trained. As a watch dog he is on a par with the bulldog and the Boston terrier, to whom he is closely related. There was a time when French poodles and pugs were very popular, but of late they are seldom encountered. ‘Through- out Europe the poodle is known as one of the most intelli- gent breeds in existence, equally well adapted to become a pet or companion and very smart and vigilant as a guard. He is very affectionate, clever and sagacious, but jealous to a fault. Since he is, moreover, inclined to snap and growl at strangers, his loss of popular favor is not to be wondered at. When young, the pug is a very smart, showy and active AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 279 dog, but as he advances in age he becomes a greedy eater and is inclined to get very fat and correspondingly indolent. He is very aftectionate and of a placid disposition. His ap- pearance of dignity and ferocity, however, is generally mis- leading, as he is often an arrant coward and therefore unre- liable as a watch dog. Cocker spaniels are not so much in vogue now as they used to be and certainly deserve more attention, as they are excellent house dogs, intelligent, alert, affectionate and faithful. Hunting dogs should also be more extensively employed in this respect, and can be as easily house-broken as they are trained for the field. The Gordon and Irish setters, though a trifle restless under indoor confinement, soon adapt them- selves to their new surroundings and do well if given enough exercise. [he beagle, a miniature hunting hound, that re- sembles a foxhound in color and in many other ways, is not as extensively bred in this country as he should be, for he is highly commended by those who know him best. In Eng- land he is largely used in rabbit hunting, and as this sport is quite common with us, his popularity is assured once he is more widely introduced. “The employment of hunting dogs as household companions in no wise interferes with their usefulness in the field, provided discipline is not relaxed. “Bob,” my fox terrier, has never seen a fox and probably never will. But you should have seen him catch and kill his frst rat. The rodent, with ‘‘Bob” in full pursuit, sought refuge in a sewer pipe. Here it would have been perfectly safe, but the dog, in his efforts to extricate his head, gave the pipe a violent twist which scared the rat and made it attempt a dash for safety. But before it reached the opposite side of the alley “Bob” had it and was shaking it vigorously after the manner of his kind, breaking its spine at the first bite. ‘‘Bob” has been taught a great many tricks; he can give his paw, speak, sit up, and jump through a hoop. But, like all the members of his family, he is a restless beast, and is so fond of running away that he can only be kept at the price of continual vigilance. He is, however, an excellent watch dog, and never fails to announce the arrival of strangers. What I have said of him, of course, applies to the whole breed, which is very intelligent, plucky, quick and yet of a dapper appearance. As puppies fox terriers are sometimes inclined to be mischievous and get rid of their superabundant vitality by tearing wearing apparel into shreds, digging holes in rosebeds, etc. But they can soon be made to see the error of their ways when subjected to dis- cipline. The Scotch or Aberdeen terriers have a character that is as quaint as their appearance. “They are homely dogs, but faithful unto death. ‘‘Grayfriars’ Bob,’”’ whose master died in 1858 and who watched by the grave in Grayfriars’ Bury- ing-ground, Edinburgh, until he died himself in 1872, be- longed to this breed. The fawn Pomeranian spitz is what young ladies are ac- customed to call “‘cute,” and very popular in England. He is very lively, cheerful and affectionate, and exceedingly sharp and active as a guard. Among the toy spaniels, so-called, that are also a charm- ing lot, the Blenheim spaniel is a great drawing-room favorite. But, like all toy dogs, he is apt to be somewhat delicate, as he is usually much confined to the house and gets but little exercise. He is generally fairly intelligent, but, like a spoiled child, somewhat inclined to be wayward and troublesome. As he is, however, in most instances kept more for his good looks than any other qualities, that is of no consequence. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1907 Household Ventilation By Ralph Adams Blake SS OUSEHOLD ventilation is concerned with the sanitation of the house by means of pure air. Its primary dependence is on a good supply of good external air. It is not always possible, even if it should be desir- able, to locate the house in a breezy neigh- borhood, but sites in which the air has a tendency toward stagnation should be avoided. So also should sites which are reached by winds from noxious sources, offensive cow stables, for example, stagnant water and sim- ilar sources of disease. A house that faces the prevailing winds, or in which the most used rooms are reached by the prevailing winds, is to be preferred to one in which no ad- vantage is taken of natural air movements. Ventilation is the science of air movement. It is con- cerned with natural movements and _ artificial movements. Natural movements are those of the free external air, over which man has no control, but which he must so far as he can subdue to his own use, and which is the basis of all artificial air movements. Artificial movements are those brought about or created by human agency. ‘Their control is dependent upon the velocity of the wind and the difference between the indoor and outdoor temperature of the house. A good ventilating system, that is, one that has efficiency and which can be depended upon for service in all weathers and at all seasons of the year, must be artificial. No de- pendence can be placed on the wind, for not only is it exceed- ingly variable by nature, but in the harsh North American climate it is quite impossible to obtain proper ventilation by the simple opening of doors and windows. And ventilation, of course, is something wholly different from a “cooling off” process. ‘The air of a house must be changed in order to be made fit to breathe, a change as imperative and as important as any other cleansing process. The average house, how- ever, is apt to be much less ventilated in winter than in sum- mer, because the occupants do not realize the necessity for such frequent air changes as follow, as a matter of course, in the warm season. But ventilation is not a seasonable Ve ; yee as 5 yb Gy affair, but an all the year round necessity, and such devices as are employed for ventilating purposes are due to this fact. Otherwise very efficient ventilation would be had by open- ing all the doors and windows. This would not ventilate the plumbing system nor the heating system, but it would result in thoroughly changing the internal air, the more especially if the house be situated in a windy region. This is the simplest form of household ventilation, and effective as it is in the summer, it is less effective in the spring and fall, and in the winter it is of so little value as to be scarce worthy of mention. But this does not mean that windows should not be opened in the cold season. Asa matter of fact they should be opened at all times whenever possible, but in the cold weather some assisting devices are needed, for a room in which a current of cold air has been permitted to enter must be heated before it is again fit for human occupancy. In the ordinary house ventilation is chiefly effected by the - doors, windows, chimneys and other openings. As it is im- possible in our northern climates to keep any large opening open for any length of time, various methods of obtaining fresh air from them have come into use. An opening may be effected in the head moldings of the frame, or pieces of wood inserted at the base of the window and air obtained at the junction of the upper and lower sashes, and other de- vices of like nature. Inlets and outlets for admitting and drawing out air are also sometimes placed in the walls. Some uncertainty exists as to the best place at which inlets should be located, but they should always be above the heads of the occupants of the room. Several special devices and forms, including protec- tive openings, have come into more or less general use. The most ordinary outlet is the fireplace, and a very valu- able one it is. A room with a fireplace in which there is a fire is generally well ventilated. ‘This result can also be brought about by placing a gas jet or other small heating flame in the base of the chimney. Outlets are also sometimes placed in the wall of a form similar to the inlet; they must, however, be located as far apart from each other as possible. Old Farmington Concluded from page 265 Mr. J. B. Ryan, a most genial host, who welcomes his guests and speeds their parting in the same old style as the innkeeper of Colonial times. It is one of those few old inns in New England which is still preserved with practically all its orig- inal characteristics. Few visitors to the inn, however, are aware that a house of 1660 is concealed in the center of the mass of buildings which now form the present hostelry. The inn has an atmosphere of perfect quietude, with its long rambling roof resting under the shade of the magnificent elms with which it is surrounded. One of these elms, still living, was planted in 1774. The old tavern sign of the inn is in the possession of Julius Gay, and bears a picture of a house on one side and on the reverse that of a goddess armed with spear and shield in apparel better befitting the heat of summer than the blasts of winter. She was doubtless the first goddess to bear on her shield the three grape vines of Connecticut. General Washington, during the Revolution- ary War, stopped here on his way through Farmington to meet General Lafayette. The old house has a smoking-room, with its old fireplace filled with blazing logs, where have hung through all these years the original cranes and pots. It is a quaint and cheerful place full of old memories. In the conclusion of this paper, I can give no better ex- pression than the one contained in Mr. Robert Brandagee’s ‘Farmington Myth.” ; ‘““When the Lord made the world, He made Asia, Africa and Europe, and last of all He made North and South America. He made the Americas with special care, as that is the place where the nations ‘of the world would finally come together. When the Lord was making New England, one of the little angels asked that he, too, might make a State. So the Lord let him make the State of Connecticut. As the little angel shaped the rivers and built up the mountains, his cheeks were red with excitement. But when the work was nearly finished, there was a large hollow, and the material was all gone. Then the little angel was overwhelmed with confusion. But the Lord took him kindly by the hand, and the Lord took from the folds of His mantle some of the stuff of which paradise is made, and he fitted it into the hole, and the place was Farmington.” July, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ————— DEPARTURE IN TONE PRODUCTION. 4 Recent experiments in the direction of tone production made by us have resulted in the production of a notable Grand Piano, the Style X (next in size larger than the famous Quarter Grand). 4 It is an instru- ment of rare and exquisite tene, in which quality and not quantity has been the first consid- eration. 4 It is a new departure in modern piano building, and in inviting attention to it we do so with much pride in the success of our efforts. CHICKERING ¢& SONS, 826 Tremont St., BOSTON Established 1823 Catalogue upon request : AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1907 A Roof that was laid in 1872 with “LARGE T ¢6&, ARROW OLD STYLE’ TIN Stull in perfect condition. it is in as perfect condition to-day as when first laid and gives every indication of lasting many years longer. The residence of H. W. Heath, of Lynn, Mass., was roofed with “‘ Target-and-Arrow Old Style” Tin in 1876. From the day it was laid it has never leaked or required any repairs. It is as sound to-day as when laid. “Target-and- Arrow Old Style” ‘Tin still offers this same durability and satisfaction. Before you decide HIS building, the residence of on roofing material you Mr. Otis Hower, of the Akron- should read our book- Selle Co., Akron, Ohio, was _ let, “A Guide to Good covered with our “Target-and-Arrow Roofs,’ which we Old Style” Tin in 1872. After shall be glad to mail mee 35 years’ exposure to the elements, free. en cach shel fe ae Vaeale OL STYLE REGISTERED TRADE Manu NEGIATLORCH PHILADELPELA | N. & G. TAYLOR COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA Established 1810 July, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS are the busiest places of the home. Within their walls more work is done—upon their floors more steps are taken than in all the other rooms combined. Preparation of food demands constant exercise of hygienic precaution. If cleanliness is necessary in other parts of the residence, it is vital in the kitchen and pantries. Cleanly conditions cannot be maintained with wood floors or coverings of semi-permanent character. The peculiar advantages of PENNSYLVANIA INTERLOCKING RUBBER TILING for spaces especially requiring sanitary floors have brought about its use in many of the handsomest homes of America. This incomparable flooring material is abso- lutely waterproof and provides perfect sanitation. No other surface is nearly so restful to stand and walk upon. It makes a floor that is more durable than marble. It is not possible to slip upon it, and it is silent to the tread. It is adaptable to a greater variety of designs anid ts far more elegant than any other material. Send us the dimensions of your kitchen, pantries, bathroom vestibule, or any other area you may wish to be laid with Pennsylvania Rubber Tiling, and receive figures of cost with full information. Our Book-of-Tiling-Designs will be mailed on request PENNSYLVANIA RUBBER COMPANY JEANNETTE, PA. Healthful PLERCE MARK with all the “life- quality” and vitality of sunlight and sun heat left in it—not the baked, dried-out kind —a_ system of radiation that gives the nearest approach to sun warmth, that promotes Health and Comfort with Econ- omy—isn’t that the sort of Heating Sys- tem you want for your house ? SYSTEMS of Steam and Hot Water Heating diffuse warmed fresh air; maintain an even temperature throughout the entire house—no matter what the weather conditions may be—be- cause of their perfect control. ‘Pierce’ Boilers are adapted for all kinds of fuel—hard or soft coal, coke, wood or gas. “Pierce’”’ Boilers are made in more than 300 styles and sizes for use wherever heat is required. The time to prepare for next winter is NOW —before winter comes. Don’t wait until you are obliged to send in a “rush” order. “Pierce Quality” SANITARY PLUMBING goods in Porcelain Enamel and Solid Vitreous Ware make the Bath, Laundry and Kitchen attractive and sani- tary parts of thehome. “It’s NEW YORK—1741 Broadway CHICAGO—1241 Michigan Avenue PHILADELPHIA—615 North Broad - Street ATLANTA, GA.--102 North Pryor Street BOSTON—20 Park Square DETROIT—237 -Jefferson Avenue CLEVELAND—2134-36 East Ninth Street SAN FRANCISCO—3512-14 Mission Street LONDON—26 City Road good economy to _ procure both heating and plumbing goods of one manufacture.” Send for “‘Common Sense Heat- ing and Sanilary Plumbing,’’ a very praciical and interesting book. BUFFALO—717 Main Street Free on request. The name of your Architect, Steamfiller and Plumber would be appreciated. PIERCE, BUTLER & PIERCE MANUFACTURING CO. 102 James St., Syracuse, N.Y. Branches in cll leading cities. WILLIAMS VENTILATING WINDOW — SASH FASTENERS No one can enter a window ventilated thus. ‘The only ab- solute protection against burg- lars entering. Attached quickly to all styles of windows. Keeps The Illinois Self-Watering Flower Boxes or Baskets Will Assure You Beautiful Flowers Blooming the Year Round. Made of heavy Galvanized Iron. Mi) Require attention only every 2 or 3 weeks. Are Inexpensive y j| window plumb and prevents and will last for many years. i rattling. Just what you want Just the thing for Country Homes or Apartment Howes. Send for full details and price list. ILLINOIS HEATER COMPANY, 3945 Wentworth Ave., Chicago for summer comfort and safety. Send so cents for sample if your hardware dealer cannot supply you. 3 TOP BOTTOM VENTILATION Beware of Imitations. VENTILATION WILLIAMS METAL STAMPING CO. 335 Babcock St., Buffalo, N. Y.,U. S. A. and they’re lightning-proof, storm-proof. Lighter than slate or tile. Far handsomer in appearance than either, and theyll last as long as the building itself. Now what more could you architects ask? We know the price is right. May we not send you our 56-page book “Rightly Roofed Buildings,” free ? CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO., Philadelphia, Pa. SSG IS sep SS xii | AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Refinish Your Furniture | Do it Yourself Fr Make it more serviceable, stylish and in harmony with your other furnishings It is very simple and fascinating. Hun- dreds of home-loving men and women are making their homes more beautiful by following the instructions in our 48-page color book, sent FREE on request. You can easily and economically finish or refinish new or old fur- niture, woodwork and floors in Weathered, Mission, Forest Green, Flemish, Mahogany or any desired shade with Johnson’s Electric Solvo, Johnson’s Wood Dye and Johnson’s Prepared Wax. First remove all the old finish with Johnson’s Electric Solvo. Then apply our Dye to the clean, dry, bare wood, and when it is perfectly dry apply our Wax with cloth and rub to a polish with dry cloth. A beautiful wax finish in any of the above named shades will be immediately produced. Old finish partially removed showing grain of wood. Johnson’s Wood Dyes for the artistic coloring of wood (all shades), '2-pint cans, 30c., pint cans, 50c. Johnson’s Electric Solvo (for removing paint, varnish, shellac, etc. ), pint cans, 40c., 14-pint cans, 25c. Johnson’s Prepared Wax, a complete finish and polish for all wood—l0c. and 25c. packages hes and large size cans. Sold by all dealers in paint. To You 2 Cans FREE We want you to try at our expense Johnson’s Electric Solvo, Johnson’s Wood Dye, so we will send you absolutely FREE, pre- paid, one can of Solvo and one can of Dye (any desired shade) if AH7 Sie . Johnson & Son, Racine, Wis. Please send me FREE, i : 9 as per your offer, one you will send us your paint dealer’s name. Use coupon to the can of Johnson’s Wood right and send to-day. We will also mail you FREE our Pet ee ray tenes ast paint dealer’s name is I 40-page color book—"*The Proper Treatment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture.’’ S. C. Johnson & Son, ‘wi? “The Wood Fintshinge Authorities” IMUSy <1] ATT STIS) esters ciorveerersia siveiteetenalersivins eireteietelereie Miva CRESS iiererresraetaiciecie cist iniaisretere ectsleferetelsle(s 66 is the title of How to Cool our free booklet. Send for it to- 99 a Hot Porch” day ana tearm how Vudor Porch Equipment will make your porch as comfortable and inviting as the one in the picture. TRADE Vudor MARK Porch Shades completely exclude the sun’s rays, yet the people within can enjoy every breeze that blows. The porch is in cool, mellow shadow, and you can see everybody passing, but no one outside can see you. Made of Linden Wood Fibre and Seine Twine, durable and weatherproof, stained in harmonious, lasting colors. Any porch can be equipped at from $2.00 to $10.00. V d H. k are built on the ‘‘made-to wear” principle. The supporting cords are fastened direct udor fammocRsS to a Rock Elm spreader, asis alsothe body. This gives double the life to the Vudor Hammock, as it is especially strong where other hammocks are especially weak. Vudor Hammocks sell at $3.00 and $4.00 and are guaranteed to wear twice as long as any other hammock on the market. V, d Ch ° H. k like the one the lady is sitting in, in the picture, are luxury itself. Can be udor air L1@MMOCRS, adjusted to any angle; and instantly hung up out of the way when not in use. Vudor Chair Hammocks afford the most comfortable, most durable and simplest resting place ever devised for use onthe porch. If your dealer doesn’t carry them, we’ll express you one prepaid on receipt of $3.50. CAUTION~—Inferior products—bamboo shades, which let in the sun and do not retain their shape or color, and cheaply constructed hammocks are sometimes sold by unscrupulous dealers as Vudor goods. Look for the Vudor trademark on an aluminum plate on every genuine Vudor Shade or Chair Hammock and on the label sewed onevery Vudorhammock. It means quality inporch equipment and it’s there for your protection. Vudor porch shades are the only ones that really do shade. . Prepare now for the hot summer—write for our free booklet, “How to Cool a Hot Perch,’ and name of nearest Vudor dealer. HOUGH SHADE CORPORATION, 10 McKey Boulevard, Janesville, Wisconsin July, 1907 GARDEN WORK FOR JULY By Eben E. Rexford UCH of the advice given last month pertaining to the vegetable garden, will apply with equal pertinence this month, especially that which has reference to the use of the cultivator and hoe. There will not be many weeds to wage warfare with if this part of the work was done thoroughly dur- ing the early part of the season, but the soil will need to be kept well stirred if we would grow vegetables to the best advantage. Prices [f National Construction Co., 604 Morgan Building, - Buffalo, N. Y, fj from . D New York Sean Toronto $75.00 We Payfreight Builders of Auto Houses, Play Houses, or any kind of Portable Building. The Frog Book An interesting and practical work on ‘‘ How to Breed, Feed and Raise Frogs.°’ Price, postpaid, 25c. (coin). cCMEADOW BROOK FARM cAllendale, N. J. DON'T BEA FOSSIL” IF YOU GO FISHING If you want to catch fish try up-to-date methods. Let us send you the facts about our preserved NATURAL BAIT Frogs, Minnows, Crawfish, etc., al- ways ready—handy to carry. CATCHES THE FISH Drop us! The Angler’s Bait and Wig. Go. aline. § 273-275 SOUTH WATER STREET - > CHICAGO “Concrete Country ice $1.00 4 99 Express fesecens Residences Prepaid THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT CO. 30 Broad Street, New York City BUILDING Construction and Superintendence By F. E. KIDDER, Ph.D., F.A.1.A. Consulting Architect and Author of *’Zhe Architect's and Builder's Pocket Book™ Part I. Masons Work 430 Pages. 260 Illustrations ) Part II. Carpenters W ork 550 Pages. 530 Illustrations JUST PUBLISHED Part III. Trussed Roofs and Roof Trusses 298 Pages. 306 Illustrations Each volume 7x 934 inches, Substantial cloth binding Price for Parts I and II, $4.00 each Price for Part III, $3.00. Sold Separately Munn & Co.,361 Broadway, New York August, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ili HALL CLOCKS That are beautiful in design, finest in con- struction, richest in tone of chimes and superior time- keepers are some of the reasons that have made our business grow so rapidly. Waltham Clocks have a standard of value, whether it is a Hall Clock, “Banjo,” Marble Clock, or Special! Hercules 5:2! Concrete Block Outfit $120 Here’s the best concrete block ma- chine value in the world. Here’s the HERCULES SPECIAL Here’s a machine that will make blocks just as high and just as wide as the famous Regular Hercules will make them, but the length is limited to 32 inches. {We had so many requests for asmaller Hercules that in order to meet the wishes of the trade, we have put on the market the Hercules Special. @ The Hercules Special is the ayers Lae Te nee eR NRO PORTE ORE ROT Regulator. Regular Hercules reduced in length. It will make 5 blocks of any size and design from 3 inches to 32 inches Nothing Better at, in length. @ And the Hercules Special will produce Any Price just as high grade concrete blocks as the Regular y Hercules because it is the only machine that allows for If your local jeweler does not wet mixture and coarse material. a : A complete block making outfit, including a Hercules Special Machine that sell our line send direct for will make blocks 8x 8x16 and other sizes is now offered at $120 net, F.O.B. Rochester. Write for further particulars about the Hercules Special. We will show you that we are making the greatest Concrete Block Machine offer our new illustrated catalogue inane wont Waltham Clock Company CENTURY CEMENT MACHINE CoO. WALTHAM, «MASS. 180 West Main Street, ROCHESTER, N. Y. Showroom of The Craftshouse A Question Answered | ; | We DO Things It has often b ked of us—wh located in Minne- Mee Never. That Others Dare Not Attempt We are in Minneapolis because it is our home. Our customers have come to us here because they would go i because the unusual facilities of our factory—the LY largest and best equipped in the world—our hey know : Pie ‘They kn wide experience and skilled artisans enable us to execute the most intricate and delicate work Hae ever attempted in sheet metal, promptly and SR eianche it with complete satisfaction. to our Mr. John S. Bradstreet wherever he lived. he is the only man in the country that has the artistic, unique, rare and beautiful ‘‘ objects d’art’’ with the Bradstreet feeling in them. It is the “‘Bradstreet’’ part of it they want. people come to us or write to us from the East, Middle States © a es for the service and expert decorative knowledge we | Ly Our 120 Page Catalogue alone have to offer. ay will be sent you on request and gives some idea of our To those who wish something special in furniture, tapestries, ae great facilities. We shall be glad to submit estimates, bronzes, interior fitments, we offer what cannot be obtained in designs, etc. New York or in any other city. i The W. H. Mullins Co.. 202 Franklin St., Salem, Ohio, Send for our brochure that explains. Interior Fitments JOHN S. BRADSTREET & CO. Mural Decorations 327 South Seventh Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota Makers of everything in sheet metal. iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1907 = SOME OF THE SUBJECTS TREATED e Connections, sizes and all working data for all Plumbing Fixtures and Groups of Fixtures odern Plu ore vader Connecting and Supporting of Soil Pipe @ House Trap and Fresh-Air Inlet Floor and Yard Drains, etc. Rain Leaders Sub-soil Drainage Floor Connections Roof Connections Local Venting Bath Room Connections fete. Automatic Flushing for Factories, School Houses, Illustrated By R. M. STARBUCK 400 (10% x74) Paces 55 FuLit Paces oF ENGRAVINGS PRICE, $4.00 @ A comprehensive and up-to-date work illus- trating and describing the Drainage and Ven- tilation of Dwellings, Apartments and Public Buildings, etc. The epee DS) Tees very latest and most ie Beice Dre House Sewer — Sewer Connections proved methods in all Plumbing for Cottage House branches of Sanitary In- Plumbing for Residence stallation are given. q ALCOHOL ITS MANUFACTURE ITS DENATURIZATION ITS INDUSTRIAL USE Durham System Plumbing Construction without use of Lead Automatic Sewage Lift —Sump Tank Disposal of Sewage of Underground Floors of High Buildings Country Plumbing Cesspools The Electrolysis of Underground Pipes Septic Tanks and Sewage Siphons Pneumatic Water Supply, Rams, etc. Examples of Poor Practice Roughing — Testing Continuous Venting for all classes of Work Circuit and Loop Venting Use of Special Waste and Vent Fittings The Cost of Manufacturing Denatur- ized Alcohol in Germany and Ger- man Methods of Denaturization are discussed by Consul-General Frank H. Mason in Scientific American Supplement 1550. The Use, Cost and Efficiency of Alcohol asa Fuel for Gas Engines are ably explained by H. Diedrichs in Scientific American Supplement 1596. Many clear dia- grams accompany the text. The article con- siders the fuel value and physical properties of alcohol, and gives details of the alcohol engine wherever they may be different from those of gasoline or crude oil motor. The Production of Industrial Alcohol and Its Use in Explosive Motors are treated at length in Scientific American Supplement 1581, valuable statistics being given of the cost of manufacturing alcohol from farm products and using it in engines. French Methods of Denaturization constitute the subject of a good article pub- lished in Scientific American Supplement 1599. How Industrial Alcohol is Made and Used is told very fully and clearly in No. 3, Vol. 95, of the Scientific American. The Most Complete Treatise on the Modern Manufacture of Alcohol explaining thoroughly the chemical principles which underlie the process, without too many wearisome technical phrases, and describing and illustrating all the apparatus required in an alcohol plant, is published in Scientific American Supplements 1603, 1604 and 1605. The article is by L. Baudry de Saunier, the well-known French authority. In Supplements 1607, 1608 and 1609 we publish a digest of the rules and regulations under which the United States Internal Rev- enue will permit the manufacture and dena- umbing for Two-Flat House umbing for Apartment Houses Plumbing for Office Building Plumbing for Public Toilet Rooms Plumbing for Bath Establishment @ Many of the subjects treated in the text and illus- trated follow in the next column. Plumbing for Engine Houses > . Plumbing for Stables MUNN éy COMPANY, Publishers Plumbing for Factories Plumbing for School Houses, etc. - ’ by Electricity SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE, 363 BROADWAY, NEW YORK ™ [b; 2 1awing of Underground Mainsand Service Pipes Summer-time Short Stories August is the best month of the year for fiction and for an array of splendid, entertaining short stories you will find none of greater excellence than the contri- butions to THE NEW ROADWAY AUGUST MAGAZINE authors’ names is notable and their work diversified in interest. The list of GEORGIA WOOD PANGBORN carries you into the woods with “‘ The Giant Killers.’’ CYRUS TOWNSEND BRADY thrills you by mingling the real and the fantastic in ‘‘ The Cliff Dweller’s Pot.’’ turization of tax-free alcohol. ANY SINGLE NUMBER of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN or SUPPLEMENT will be sent for 10 cents by mail. The entire set of papers above listed will be mailed on receipt of $1.10. Order from your newsdealer or from X Munn & Co., Publishers, 361 Broadway, New York OWEN OLIVER writes a real love story, A Man ina Hurry,” that makes BROUGHTON BRANDENBURG tantalizes delightfully your curiosity in “The Mystery of the Third Visitor.”’ ELEANOR HOYT BRAINERD continues her delightful ‘‘ Letters of a Debutante;’’ and Julia Truitt Bishop, Anna Alice Chapin, Johr. Barton Oxford, Porter Emerson Browne, John Kendrick Bangs and others have given their best Use of Flushing Valves Modern Fixtures for Public Toilet Rooms you wish it happened to you. efforts of the year to this brilliant fiction number. Broadway Articles of Country-wide Interest Leading for August is a vivid character sketch of August Belmont, the enigma of Wall Street. is he the Traction Czar of New York or a mere figure-head ? Is he worth one hundred millions, or are his means inconsiderable ; Read this article —illustrated with many photographs, some of which have never been published before. STUDY ARCHITECTURE | | EASY LESSONS OR STEPPING-STONE TO ARCHITECTURE BY THOMAS MITCHELL Then, as seasonable offerings, “‘ The Midsummer Madness of Society ’’ by Forrest Halsey, and “‘ Painters of Sea and Shore,’’ by Florence Finch Kelley, make fas- cinating reading. The special features are “The Month in New York,” “The Idiot on Broad- way,” and plenty of pictures that illustrate. All News-stands 15 Cents a Copy A SIMPLE TEXT-BOOK telling in a series of plain and simple answers to questions all about the various orders, as well as the general principles of con- struction. The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy cream plate paper, and illustrated by 150 engravings, amongst which are illustrations of various historic buildings. The book is 12mo in size and is attractively bound in cloth. $1.50 a Year PRICE, FIFTY CENTS, POSTPAID MUNN ®& CO., 361 Broadway, NEW YORK August, 1907 DISCRIMINATING PEOPLE WILL FIND IN RUBEROID RED ROOFING A LASTING, WEATHERPROOF, FIRE-RESISTING COVERING, COMBINED WITH A LASTING BEAUTY. IT IS The Only Permanent Roofing With a Permanent Color The well-known qualities of Ruberoid Roofing serve as a protection from the heat of the summer and the cold of the winter, while its deep red hue lends a touch of color to the surroundings. Suitable for all buildings. Color guaranteed for five years. Contains no tar or paper. Will not melt, rot or corrode. Insist upon having the genuine. Look for the name “ RUBEROID” stamped on the back. Write for samples and prices. THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY Sole Manufacturers General Offices: 100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK Branches: Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Boston A Never-Failing Water Supply with absolute safety, at small cost, may be had by using the Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine Be by us for more than 30 years, and sold in every country in the world. Ex- clusively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman. So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold 30 years ago being still in active service. Send for Catalogue “FE” to nearest office. Rider - Ericsson Engine Co. 35 Warren St., New York 40 Dearborn St., Chicago 40 N.7th St., Philadelphia 239 Franklin St., Boston 234 Craig St. West, Montreal, P.Q. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W. Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS v GORTON 28 BOILERS 22 ep For Steam and Hot Water Heating cat Insure a Warm Building Day and Night in Coldest Weather oat Send for Catalog GORTON ¢6& LIDGERWOOD CO: 96 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK Old Colony Bldg., Chicago 77 Oliver St., Boston Take a few minutes right now and get real facts on steel ceilings and side walls. Call in your stenographer and simply say “Eller Manufacturing Company, Canton, Ohio. Send for catalogue.” You will be more than repaid. We take such an interest——are glad to serve you, and for years everybody knows “Eller” has stood for the highest in quality. ELLER MFG. CO. CANTON, OHIO Our remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant Smokeless Gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one- fourth as much as acetylene. Mo.t Durable and Least Expensive Apparatus to Maintain in effective, perpetual operation. Gives services of lighting, cooking and heating. Fullest satis- faction guaranteed, and easy terms. The very apparatus for suburban homes, institutions, etc. We construct special apparatus also for fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equivalent to city gas at 50 cents per 1o0o cubic feet. and made to respond to very large demands; also for light- ing towns, etc, C. M. Kemp Mfg. Co., Baltimore, M¢ vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1907 Write Us About Your New Building and We Will Plan A Heating System FREE OUR advice, based on 34 years of experience, will cost you nothing. Our expert knowledge is at your dis- posal. We willalso be glad to send you our free Book- let ‘‘Modern Furnace Heating.’’ It tells you how to get the best results with any furnace and describes in detail the HESS Heating System Absolutely guaranteed to heat comfortably, in the coldest weather, any house, store, church, or other building. If you are going to build, write us. We can give you pointers that will save you money. Remember we sell direct from the factory, saving you the #25 to $100 that usually goes into the dealer’s pocket. Write us to-day. Hess Warming & Ventilating Co. 939 Tacoma Building CHICAGO *% Sheep Manure Kiln dried and pulverized. No weeds or bad odors. Helps nature hustle. For garden, lawn, trees, shrubs, fruits and house plants, 4 0 LARGE BARREL. Cash with order. Delivered to your freight station. Apply now. The Pulverized Manure Co., 21 Union Stock Yards, Chicago If You are Building you owe it to yourself to carefully investi- gate the steam or hot water radiation to be Health installed and to decide whether you will use the old style, bulky, heavy cast iron a. 4 R 0 f radiators or the latest Known to modern bi bx : ecreation Ro heating practice. ; i Kinnear Aren’t you about due for Pressed Radiators ; two weeks rest and freedom? Arrange today fora new lease occupy less than half the space of cast-iron : of life secured in the most and weigh but one-third as much. They ] afford the quickest, most positive control pleasant way at of heat. Their surface 1s perfectly smooth, e affording no lodgment for dust and mak- F h L k ing them Sanitary. They may be decorated f renc 1c inany color in harmony with fimsh of the 4 room On account of their light weight West Baden Springs KINNEAR PRESSED RADIATORS Indoor and Outdoor Recrea- may be placed tions Unsurpassed. On the Wall—Off the Floor Pe d —Qut of the Way Low Round Trip Rates Talk with your architect about the advan- } Day and night trains, sleepers, parlor tages of Pressed Radiators or write us for ; and buffet cars. m Catalogue “D"’ and any information you = desire. Don’t overlook this opportunity to ‘MONON ROUTE save room in your home or any building youerect. WRITE US TO-DAY Frank J. Reed, e G The Pressed Radiato: Ce eneral Pass, Agen Chas. H. Rockwell, 4 Traffic Manager. 2 CHICAGO Pittsburgh, Pa By A. RUSSELL BOND 12mo. 320 Pages. 340 Illustrations. Price, $2.00, Postpaid. (ie is a story of outdoor boy life, suggesting a large num- The ea. American Boy ber of diversions which, aside from aftording entertainment, will stimulate in boys the creative spirit. In each instance complete practical instructions are given for building the various articles. @ The needs of the boy camper are supplied by the direc- si 4 a ing yi Wk ir tions for making tramping outfits, sleeping bags and tents ; also such other shelters as tree houses, straw huts, log cabins and caves. Phoenix q The winter diversions include instructions for making six kinds of Sliding skate sails and eight kinds of snowshoes and skis, besides ice boats, Blind scooters, sledges, toboggans and a peculiar Swedish contrivance Co. called a ‘‘rennwolf.” @ Among the more instructive subjects cov- ered are surveying, wigwagging, heliographing and bridge-building, Phoenix in which six different kinds ot bridges, including a simple can- N. Y. tilever bridge, are described. FOR SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES rice = American Homes and Gardens PS $6 woe ra and Scientific American = EEE CATALOGUE SVSPSLSLSPSLELELELELESER $ 5 2 PSSSSSESSSSSSSPSSLSTEES Sage August, 1907 Hall Marks Sargent’s Artistic Hard- ware is the “Hall Mark” on the perfectly trimmed house. If you are building or remodeling do not make the mistake of leaving to one less interested, the seiectionof hardware for your home. Sargent’s Artistic Hardware Offers a wide variety of beau- tiful designs that harmonize perfectly with any style of architecture or finish. If you will write for a copy of Sargent’s Book of Designs (sent free) you will find it of valuable assistance in the choosing of your hardware trimmings. This book is re- plete with suggestions for home-builders and tells about the Easy Spring Principle of Sargent’s Locks. Ask for a copy to-day. SARGENT & CO., 156 Leonard St New York. Evergreens For August Planting specially Selected Trees, as follows : Colorado Blue Spruce (Abies pungens glauca), all sizes with ball. Nordmann’s Silver Fir, 2 to 3 ft. with ball. Compact and Globe Headed Arbor Vitz, 2 ft. with ball. Pyramidal Arbor Vitze, 2 to4 ft. with ball. American Arbor Vitee, 2 to8 ft. with ball. Hemlocks, 2 to 3 ft. Irish Juniper, 2 to 3 ft. Yews, 18 to 24 in. In addition to the above we have White Pines for screens, etc. Evergreens for hedges, including American and Siberian Arbor Vitae. Other Hardy Evergreens, All carefully grown. Prices on request. Inspection invited. Illus- trated catalogue free. Ellwanger & Barry Murserypmen—Morticulturists Rochester, Wew Work AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Architectural Style in Doors Doors make or mar the architectural beauty and style of your home. The style of archi- tecture you have chosen should be distinctly carried out and emphasized in the doors. Morgan Doors have individual character and distinct style. The artists who design Morgan Doors give them a dignity of treatment to be found in no other kind. The construction and finish of Morgan Doors are consistent with their high, artistic merit. They are built with the idea of enduring as long as the building lasts. Morgan Doors are made in a large variety of designs to harmonize with each particular style of archi- tectural motif. The name ‘‘Morgan’’ will be found on the top of every Hardwood Door we make, and is your guarantee of absolute satisfaction. Write today for our handsome illustrated book, ‘‘The Door Beautiful,”’ showing some of the details of the beauty ofdesign ofthe Morgan Doors. Morgan Company, Dept. A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Distributed by:—Morgan Sash & Door Company, Chicago, Ill.; Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wis.; Morgan Company. Baltimore Md. We have just completed a double circular saw which we believe to be all that could be desired in a machine of this class. In the design and con- struction of this machine 2 <> especial care has been given to every ' detail, to make it equally serviceable as a rip or cross-cut saw and capable of a great variety of work, thereby adapting it for use in cabinet, furni- ture, pattern, and almost all wood- working shops. It is built on a solid closed column with gauged table, half of which travels on frictionless rollers, the entire table capable of being tilted to an angle of 45° by hand wheel. Both saw arbors are carried on a revolving frame, with circular plate bearing revolving in gibbed ways at front of machine, the saws only being exposed, thus protecting the mechanism from saw dust, and greatly facilitates removing and putting on saws Send for illustrated booklet on No. 205 Unt versal. It describes this machine more fully. J. A. FAY & EGAN CO. 209-229 N. Front Street CINCINNATI, O. Park Drive. Wilmington, Del. made dustless with Tarvia Dust Problem Solved HE problem of suppressing road dust is now receiving the attention of the best engineers and road makers in all civilized countries. The suppression of this nuisance has become a necessity, for not only does it damage crops and decrease real estate values but it is a menace to health itself. Various methods have been tried, including sprinkling roads with fresh water, treating them with calcium chloride, impregnating the road surfaces with crude oiis of various kinds, etc., but all of these methods have fallen short of their purpose. Within the past two years, following some experiments by French engineers, this company introduced Tarvia, a special tar preparation. The results from this treatment have been unusually successful. Some 800,000 yards of macadam roads were treated in about thirty different cities. This included work at Jackson, Tenn., under the supervision of the United States Department of Agriculture and work on New York roads under the supervision of the State Boards. It was absolutely demonstrated that Tarvia not only suppresses dust but adds materially to the durability of the road. It has been estimated that its use reduces the wear on the road itself about one-half, and in this way the treatment practically pays for itself. To anyone interested we will gladly send booklet showing numerous roads which have been treated, with full idata covering the subject. Barrett Manufacturing Company ejormi m6 y thither, while it takes some time, is not without many compensating —ad- vantages. One loses the New England metropolis gradu- ally, stopping at fre- quentintervals, doubtless with the intention of accus- toming the traveler to the difference be- tween Boston itself and its immediately adjoining suburbs. So numerous are the places at which the train pauses that one has almost for- gotten Boston on arriving at the sta- tion. The carriage presently leaves the The Entrance Portico Is Supported by Doric Columns Scarce a house is to be seen, and the rest- fulness and quiet of the real country— the country that is country, where na- ture still holds su- preme sway and the handiwork of man has made barely an impress—all this penetrates one with a delightful sense of peacefulness. Presently you ar- rive, for far off on the left is a stable you ___ instinctively know belongs to an estate of some mag- nitude—a stable of some size, with a coachman’s house on one end, a_ high white central arch in its shingled walls, a green stained gar- age behind it. The entrance road climbs a gentle hill, and there you are before the entrance por- tico! And a most de- lightful and agree- able house it is: a lon g, low dwelling of stucco, colored French gray, with white trim, and pale blue-green shutters. The front wall is so 286 The Dining-room Has a Flat Groined Ceiling with Paneled Walls in Buff with White Stripes The Floor Is Laid with Moravian Tiles nearly flat that one hardly realizes that, after all, the center is slightly recessed, and the two ends as slightly projected. The change of the surface, in fact, is not more than sufficient to vary the modeling and give texture to what otherwise might be a rather unduly long wall. It is a two-storied house, with a low, flat, sloping roof, whose eaves constitute its crowning feature. On the left the wall is once more slightly recessed, and rises above the main roof. On the ex- 2A Sa EE ES Hs: The Stairs Rise at One End of the Hall and Have a Wrought Iron Railing of Simple Design AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1907 treme end a lower structure, one story in height on the outer wall, two within against the house, is applied to the main building, and forms a part of the service wing. ‘The grace- ful curves of its side walls are delightfully drawn, and add a real note of picturesqueness to the whole front. The entrance porch is a simple little portico of two Doric columns supporting an entablature, above which is an iron railing to the upper balcony. The main wall is cut away on The Fireplace of the Living-room and Lined wit The Loggia on the Inner Front Has Ri Ceiling; It Is Pav: August, 1907 AWE RTCAN HOMES AND GARDENS 287 Vood, Painted White, Faced The Living-room Is French Gray with White Trim. The Curtains Are Buff ed Brick Linen with Floral Borders each side, and has square piers and pilasters inserted, with a windows; the middle longer than the others and opening very slightly detailed entablature. The wall is again re- onto the balcony before it; the other two, one on each side, cessed for the single window contained in, each of these being similar to the other windows of this story, but having spaces. While the window treatment of the front is ap- solid mullions dividing each into two. On the left are two parently regular, it contains some interesting evidences of large windows, spaced without reference to the other win- irregularity. All the windows have plain, narrow frames. dows of the front, and each with its own wrought iron The two on the right of the entrance are regularly disposed balcony. One presently discovers, on entering the house, in both stories. In the center of the second story are three that these light the stairs to the second floor. ; id : ; 5 Fehae “3 nh ii aa a Pd EO | lastered Walls and a Semi-vaulted The Hall Is Floored and Paneled Throughout in Walnut ; the Hooded Mantel yeh Red Brick Is Faced with Red Brick —= 286 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1907 August, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 287 a The Dining-room Has a Flat Groined Ceiling with Paneled Walls in Buff with White Stripes The Fireplace of the Living-room Is Wood, Painted White, Faced The Living-room Is French Gray with White Trim. The Curtains Are Buff The Floor Is Laid with Moravian Tiles and Lined with Red Brick Linen with Floral Borders nearly flat that one hardly realizes that, after all, the center treme end a lower structure, one story in height on the outer each side, and has square piers and pilasters inserted, with a windows; the middle longer than the others and opening is slightly recessed, and the two ends as slightly projected. wall, two within against the house, is applied to the main very slightly detailed entablature. The wall is again re- onto the balcony before it; the other two, one on each side, The change of the surface, in fact, is not more than sufficient building, and forms a part of the service wing. The grace- cessed for the single window contained in, each of these being similar to the other windows of this story, but having to vary the modeling and give texture to what otherwise ful curves of its side walls are delightfully drawn, and add a spaces. While the window treatment of the front is ap- solid mullions dividing each into two. On the left are two might be a rather unduly long wall. It is a two-storied real note of picturesqueness to the whole front. parently regular, it contains some interesting evidences of large windows, spaced without reference to the other win- house, with a low, flat, sloping roof, whose eayes-constitute The entrance porch is a simple little portico of two Doric irregularity. All the windows have plain, narrow frames. dows of the front, and each with its own wrought iron its crowning feature. On the left the wall is once more columns supporting an entablature, above which is an iron The two on the right of the entrance are regularly disposed balcony. One presently discovers, on entering the house, slightly recessed, and rises above the main roof. On the ex- railing to the upper balcony. The main wall is cut away on in both stories. In the center of the second story are three that these light the stairs to the second floor. The Stairs Rise at One End of the Hall and Have a Wrought Iron Railing of Simple Design The Loggia on the Inner Front Has Rough Plastered Walls and a Semi-vaulted The Hall Is Floored and Paneled Throughout in Walnut ; the Hooded Mantel Ceiling; It Is Paved with Red Brick Is Faced with Red Brick 288 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1907 The Simplicity Which Characterizes the Entrance Front Is Equally Marked on the Inner Front The inner front of the house is designed in strict harmony with the entrance front. Once more there is the long, low stretch of wall, with the higher building at the further end. But the recessing here is the opposite from what it is on the first front. That is to say, the center is now slightly projected, while the ends are as slightly recessed. In the center of the first story are five great arched windows opening onto the steps by which the terraced lawn is reached, each shaded by a green and white awning, which adds much to the color scheme of the front. Again there is a very low flat roof, relieved only by the chimneys, of brick, painted white. The central window of the second story has a segmental arch and the single balcony of this front. The hall is a long rectangular room, occupying the whole of the center of the house. It is L shaped in plan, the extension on the right contain- ing the stairs, which adjoin the entrance front, and which have a wrought iron railing. It is paneled throughout in cypress, in small rectangular panels, interrupted only by the pilasters of the two great doors and the frames of the windows and lesser doorways. The floor is of the same material, with Oriental rugs, and the plain ceiling is white plaster supported by a cornice, which is a portion of the surrounding wainscot. The hooded fire- place on the right is wood, with red brick facings. The furniture includes some fine carved chairs, while others have brown leather coverings. The great door opposite the entrance door ad- mits to the loggia on the inner face of the house. It is completely inclosed within the house lines, being lighted by three of the large round arch windows of which mention has already been made. The Entrance Front Is Long and Low, with a Modest Portico and Severe Treatment of the Detail August, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The walls are of rough French gray plaster, de- veloped into a vaulted ceiling with a flat center. The floor is laid with large and small red bricks. The furniture is chiefly in wicker, with green and white cushions. On one wall is let in a large tile picture of the Parting of Columbus from Ferdi- nand and Isabella, being a copy of a sixteenth cen- tury design. Plants and vines, growing in tubs and jars, add to the agreeableness of this beautiful porch. The living-room fills the entire right end of the house, and is lighted on three sides. The wood- work is white, and consists of a low wainscot, pilastered frames to the windows, and the cornice. The plain upper walls are toned a French gray, and are papered with Japanese paper. The plain ceiling is white. The window curtains are of buff linen with floral border, and are lined with white. The fireplace is wood, painted white, and lined and faced with red brick. Above the mantel is a mir- ror with an old Italian painted frame. Opposite the entrance is a triple window, the centermost of which opens onto a small porch, by which the formal garden is reached. The library is a small square room adjoining the loggia on the inner front, and is entered di- rectly from the hall. The walls are colored blue, with a narrow walnut base and cornice. The mantel is of walnut, brick faced, and the ceiling is vaulted and left white. The room is lighted by two round arched windows with nickel and brass mounts and ecru curtains. The dining-room is on the left of the hall, and opens onto the inner front. It has a floor of Mo- ravian tiles, on which is an India drugget with a zigzag border in reds. The white ceiling is very Low Stone Terrace Walls Are Everywhere Characteristic of the Grounds Immediately Adjacent to the House At the Entrance Js a Forecourt Formed by the Projecting Wing and the Enclosing Terrace Bee aii a. | ; 290 flatly groined and vaulted. The walls are paneled in dull buff with white moldings. ‘The Caen stone mantel has a brick lining. Artificial light is supplied through silver side lights. The furniture is old, including Chippendale chairs with brown leather coverings. The window curtains are green and buff chintz. A large sideboard provides space for a charming collection of old china. It is a room of admirable charm, beautifully adapted to its uses. Interesting as Mr. Cabot’s house is in itself, the beauty of the surrounding grounds adds very much to its attractiveness. The inner front overlooks a_beauti- ful grassed terrace, spacious enough to give the house a fine setting of green on this side, and bounded on the outer limits by a low stone wall, beyond which is a thick for- est extending ap- parently indefinitely. There is no floral planting here, which has been more par- ticularly — reserved for the garden ar- ranged beyond the living-room. A win- dow-door gives im- mediate access to the grounds, admit- ting one first to a grassed terrace, and then to a long path that stretch és straight away into the distance. At first this path is grassed, with stepping-stones of red brick, bordered on each side by growths of cedars and other ever- greens. [hen it merges into a broad path of ground stone. “ ae * e oat a On each side are tall cedar poles, covered with roses and con- nected at the tops with chains. Below grow lilies and iris, with rose beds beyond, all within a bounding hedge. Then stone steps to a lower level, with brilliant flower beds of annuals and perennials beyond the grassed border, and finally two large Italian jars stand at the opening of the circle with which AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Floral Path Ends in a Vast Circle Beautifully Bordered with Hardy and Annual Plants and Enclosed Within a Hedge 4 | August, 1907 the garden is closed. The borders here are luxuriantly planted with flowers, peonies, nicotiana, lilies, foxgloves, hardy phlox, cosmos, Japanese anemones, hollyhocks, and similar plants. There is a hedge all around, and beyond and below are cedars, tall and dark. Nothing could be simpler in idea than this flower-lined path, inclosed, on its outermost limits, by a hedge, ending as it does in the great circle which incloses it; and yet few more elaborate gardens are finer in idea, finer in effect, or more beautiful in result. A winding path from the circle leads down on one side to the tennis court, situated in the wild grounds that border the gar- den on both sides. The floral plant- ing around the house is actually be- gun at the entrance front, where a small forecourt has been created by the low stone wall that bounds the entrance Sp ace,;here wane grass borders, with shrubbery against the walls, while a pair of white pine trees in the middle of the central area give a delightful shade and color to the whole entrance. The kitchen yard is well concealed to the left, and the ground above rises sharply and is coy- ered with forest trees of beautiful growth. And the situation of the house is one of the utmost beauty. Whether Mr. Cabot has near neighbors or not I do not know, but certainly none near at hand can be dis- cerned from any viewpoint within immediate vicinity of his home. It is built in a true tree country, with trees every- where, save exactly where the house stands. The outlooks are through trees and above trees, with tree-covered hills reaching to the furthest distance. It is, in truth, an ideal spot for the true lover of the country. . i H WA August, 1907 ie : J 9 aod ¥ a a, ae TAA ANE) Wanita iti] AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 291 Concrete Garden Benches of Graceful Design Follow the Outline of the Curved Path Cement and Concrete in the Formal Garden By Phebe Westcott Humphreys ae 8H MENT casting and concrete construction, from being mere curiosities, have gradually become familiar necessities in the formal American gardens of to-day. For the ce- ment castings various experiments have been made to render the material durable and to give it a certain hint of color for garden urns and vases for balustrades. As the majority of the sands that are mixed with the cement have not sufficient color in themselves to effect it, ‘‘mortar-color” is frequently added. But in the concrete used for outlining and walling formal gar- dens, providing coping for fountains and substantial garden- benches of graceful design, no attempt at coloring is made; the gray and bluish tones of the natural mixture having proved entirely satisfactory in the formal-garden designs without the addition of coloring-pigments of any sort. Garden-decorators from across the water tell us that “‘in the land of its invention, Portland cement is now used for whole buildings, monuments, sea-walls, fountains and bridges. Kilometre posts measuring roads on the Continent exhibit the material which went into the highway itself. In France and England it is employed so cleverly at artificial- rock gardening as to call forth admiration of the thing imitated.’ In America the uses of cement are daily extend- ing in the building of bridges and houses, and seemingly in every form of constructive work on a large scale; and it 1s difficult to say how much more rapidly it would extend in completing decorative garden features, if satisfactory varia- tions in texture and color were practicable without impair- ing cohesiveness and consequent strength. Mammoth Garden Urns A Corner of the Sunken Garden i) 29 In the formal gardens of suburban Philadelphia, espe- cially those connected with the country seats of German- ae, ~ town, Chelten Hills and £ lll Ashbourne, the use of cement titty” : NETS in constructive and decorative eitecna a Y oe work is especiallv notable. nieniniieatitimeal The Statue of Spring in a Fountain Pool Probably the best example of the extensive use to which it is attaining is evi- denced at the Ashbourne country seat of Peter A. B. Widener, Esq., with its rarely beautiful formal gardens. Beautiful garden-marbles have been introduced in these formal gardens in connection with the cement castings and the durable concrete constructive work; but there has been no attempt to display antiquities. ‘This is the mistake too frequently made in the decorative features of formal . ” \ re * s PR RO aa Statue of Autumn in the Fountain Pool of a Sunken Garden AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A Sunken Garden Rich in Design and Effective in Ornamentation A Handsome Balustrade Surrounding a Sunken Garden. August, 1907 American gardens. In con- nection with the most modern methods of introducing con- crete walls and boundaries with distinctly modern-look- ing but graceful designs in concrete garden-seats, there will be added numerous for- A Central Fountain Statue of a Sunken Garden eign marbles, supposed to possess additional charm from their antiquity. Among these will be found curious wall-fountains and old tree-tubs, with figures in relief. Ancient flower- jars and quaint well-curbs, Italian Renaissance fish-basins, huge French vases, an antique sarcophagus, with drain-holes drilled in to form a plant-holder, stately garden-urns of Italian design and elaborate benches—all displaying, if pos- sible, the charm of the antique. In fact, so great has become A Good Example of Concrete Work August, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 293 this demand that a contemporary authority has written: ‘‘Passionate collectors of antiquities, and affecting when they do not cherish it an enthusiasm for antique life, they have made their gardens veritable museums, even at last counterfeiting antique ruins on their estates. “Che whole thing has reduced itself to a question of commercialism. People that can afford to pay two or five or eight thousand dollars for a garden-ornament are numerous enough to absorb all that offers, but not to keep the machinery of the aver- age antique establishment running at full power. “Far larger is the public that wants to get its antiques, ‘new and old,’ at low prices. Suppose one finds that a font or basin, that looks of immemorial age to the uninitiated, may be bought for one hundred dollars, will he not be tempted? If he be a sudden and ill-prepared aspirant for garden hon- ors, it is not difficult to fancy him writing his check, and ordering the plausible object set up in his domain. He is but the modern instance of a counterfeiter of antique ruins. The blame is not to be laid wholly upon the bargain-hunter’s shoulders. ‘The original sin was committed, in nearly every case, in Italy itself. Antique designs are more or less faithfully copied, the very chips and gouges of three hundred years of existence being reproduced as nearly as_ possible, elaborate care being taken to rub down cor- ners and break off projections, as though the weather and the petty accidents of cen- turies had left their scars. ‘The next step is one that stamps the practice as indefensible. Diluted acids are poured over the stones to eat away the surface in irregular patches, in imitation of decay. Finally the calendar is put back for it, by rubbing the marble in damp earth and thoroughly impregnating its skin with a dingy color. For the result there is, of course, only one word. ‘That word is counterfeit.” It is not surprising under these condi- tions that those who could afford the gen- uine antique, and even those who have a passionate love for the genuinely old Italian marbles, will sometimes avoid the real be- cause of the counterfeits. ‘There is little probability, however, of this form of gar- den decoration being entirely discarded in formal landscape gardening. It is too widely appreciated to be denounced as a whole, because certain ambitious estates dis- play imitations. To be pleasing and effec- tive all antique garden ornaments must be well proportioned, harmonious and fitting to their surroundings—in other words, both appropriate and impressive—or they will fail to satisfy, no matter how ‘‘genuine and beautiful” they may be in themselves. In many of the most beautiful of the formal Americans gardens of to-day a few fine marbles are introduced in the form of statu- ary and mammoth garden-vases, but no pre- tence is made to have the rarely beautiful formal garden other than it appears to the admiring observer. A Lower Wall with an Attractive Fountain Recess, Extending Back Under the Upper Pavement 294 “Meadowbank HOW CLINTON GAGE, ESQ., TRANSFORMED A FARM INTO A DELIGHTFUL COUNTRY SEAT AT VILLA NOVA, PENNSYLVANIA By Francis Durando Nichols my OME two years ago Mr. Gage found at Villa Nova, Pa., an interesting old farm, with a quaint old house and farm build- ings surrounded with run-down farm lands. The character of the place, so isolated in aspect, and yet within close proximity to the city, appealed strongly to Mr. Gage, and so he purchased it, and subsequently transformed it into a delightful country seat, which the photographs presented herewith illustrate. The entrance to the estate is ornamented by field stone posts laid up in a rough manner, from which posts swing white gates. Another attractive feature is the whitewashed split rail fence which surrounds the estate and carries out the character of the old-time farm. A straight road enters the place, passing by the servants’ quarters and farm barns placed at the left, and on to the circle from which an en- trance to the house is obtained. ‘The house rests on the side of a hill, overlooking the meadows below, from which it gets its name, and on across to the hills. When Mr. Gage found this house it was typical of the old-time farm- houses so frequently seen along the coun- try highways of Pennsylvania, but fortunately of such a character that the form of the build- ings and grounds could be maintained, thereby reducing the problem of its transformation to a slight alteration, combined with a thorough __ renova- tion bringing the whole property to its proper condition. The house was too good to be torn AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Entrance to “ Meadowbank” with Its Stone Posts and White Painted Gates August, 1907 down, and if it had been replaced by a more modern building it would certainly have lost the charm which it now possesses, standing under the shade of the fine old elms and walnut trees with which the place is surrounded. With the excep- tion of the roof being broken and raised, the main lines of the house remain unchanged, and the problem presented to Mr. Gage was confined to a cleaning up, as it were, and the place put in a sanitary condition. The entire absence of ornament, and solidity and per- manence of the walls of the house, which were of stone, made it desirable to keep the building intact; and the only necessary repair was to apply a coat of rough stucco and then a coat of whitewash. ‘The blinds were painted bottle green. ‘The only ornament added to the house is the quaint little ““Bambino,” with which the outer wall is pierced and which was brought from an old house in Italy by the present owner; its dull green color adds a quaint touch to the white- washed walls. The house, in its origin, was built for one family, and was only one-half of its present size, with a kitchen on the first floor and two bed- rooms on the second floor, reached by a staircase from the kitchen. When the master’s son ‘‘John”’ married, the end of the house was pushed out and a duplicate of the original house was built to accommo- date “John and his family.” This was what Mr. Gage found when he ex- amined the house. He remodeled one kitchen into a living- room, cut a door init 0} pnewot he 1 kitchen and turned that into a dining- room. Outside of the kitchen door August, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 295 The Old House was Maintained by Plastering the Exterior Walls and Coating Them with Whitewash | fing Poord (8X “9 Boan«sr W257 /LO0R DINING ZLOork was the smokehouse and wood- shed, and this Mr. Gage re- modeled into a neat kitchen, furnished with all the best im- provements. A covered, way forms an access to the dining- room, which in winter is closed with glass. The advantage of this arrangement is that in sum- mer, when it is open, the odors of cooking can not reach the house. Moreover, the arrange- ment gives the family a feeling of isolation. The great kitchen of the original house, which was the living-room in early Colonial times, was the center of family life. In this room, enlivened by the glow of a great open fireplace, from which huge cranes hung with steaming pots, the food was cooked; here, too, the table was spread LED ROOTK. /2X/6.6 The Plans Underwent Slight Changes for dinner, and it was here after the day’s labor had ceased that chairs were drawn up in front of.the great blazing logs in the fireplace for a quiet evening, and that the corn was popped and the apples were roasted by the young folk, while the elders either slept or chatted about the news of the day. 296 An Old Crane Swings in the Fireplace of the Living-room in Colonial Fashion The fireplace in the living-room was built out and faced with rough stone laid with wide mortar joints and the whole finished with a neat wooden mantel. ‘The hearth is laid with red brick. On one side of the fireplace bookcases have been built in. The fireplace in the dining-room was left in its original form, and finished with a single mantel and a row of shelves at one side. ‘The woodwork of both rooms was painted a dark bottle green, while the walls were tinted in harmony, with a lighter shade of green. The second floor is treated in the same manner, except that the walls are tinted buff. It contains two bedrooms and a bathroom. One of the original bedrooms was transformed into an alcove and the other into a bath- room which is furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed plumbing. “The third floor, which is reached from two stairways, one on either side, contains two bedrooms, and a bath and a trunk room. A cellar under the entire house contains a heater, fuel rooms and cold cellar. The kitchen, which occupies the old smoke-house, is fur- nished with a sink, laundry tubs, dresser, store pantry, and range placed into the old smoke fireplace. Be- yond the kitchen are the fuel rooms and the shed, in which the icebox is placed. A feature of this estate is the servants’ hall and lodg- ing rooms, which are con- tained in the quaint little building which is passed along the drive on the way to the house, thereby isolat- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1907 ing the domestic part of the house entirely from the house proper. ‘This build- at ing is built of stone and whitewashed. The boarded entrance and the quaint latticed windows are decided architectural attractions. On the first floor there is placed the living-hall and one bedroom and bathroom. This living-hall is open to the roof, and a staircase out of it rises to the second floor, which contains an- other bedroom. The living-hall is painted green, with tinted walls, while the remainder of the interior is painted white. The bathroom is fitted up with porcelain fixtures and exposed plumbing. The old frame barns were placed in good repair and were given a coat of whitewash. The grounds were laid out with gardens, both vegetable and floral; trees were planted here and there, and shrubs were clustered in groups about the various cor- ners, wherever they were required, until now the place is pervaded with that delightfully restful atmosphere which is so refreshing to the tired business man. Peacefulness and quiet are, indeed, the most attractive and the most valuable qualities of the country house. There must, of course, be convenience and adaptation to modern needs, and these differ widely from the essential character- istics of the old time house. But the old time house is very far from being a “back number” or unsuited to readaptation Green Painted Trim, Green Tinted Walls, and Simple Furniture Characterize the Dining-room August, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 297 Quietly Resting Under the Spreading Trees Is the Old Farm House, from Which Broad Vistas Are Obtained of the Meadows to modern requirements, and Mr. Gage’s renovation of his house at Villa Nova is a fine illustration of this very point. The charm—the architectural, artistic or building charm —of an old house is an undeniable quality of attractiveness which many a spacious, costly modern dwelling wholly lacks. It is the distinction of old age that wins one’s admiration, and no building can acquire this fine characteristic save by age itself. The vaunted superiority of the new house is apt to be thoroughly superficial, a mere veneer, as it were, on a founda- tion by no means too extensive. If need be, much of this veneer can be applied to an old house, which may thus obtain the combined advantage of the beauty of old age with the seri The Servants’ Hall and Quarters excellence of modern conveniences, and all they imply. For the conveniences must not be forgotten. No building is a fit habitation that fails to meet the personal requirements of its owner, however whimsical those requirements may be Our ways of living, our life, the matters that make up life, and the methods of housekeeping which are now in vogue are so thoroughly different from those of our forefathers, that only by complete renovation can an old house be adapted to modern needs. This, however, and most fortunately, need not be an outward renovation, nor even a radical one, but simply one that brings a long-used structure up to date in a manner compatible with fine old age and good modern usage. Curiosities of the Chinese HE shark’s fin is a great delicacy to the Chinese epicure. At one time, ages ago, sharks used so to infest the Chinese coasts, on the lookout for “‘titbits’’ in the way of bathers, that the coastal folk dared not ven- ture far from shore single-handed. Then one of the mandarin gourmets discovered that the shark’s fin is a peculiarly appetizing morsel. It promptly became ‘‘the rage’’—and has so continued to this AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Chinese Snow-white, Intensely-sweet, Rice-flour Tea-crackers August, 1907 Dried | and Curious Edibles By L. Lodian jet black all through and retail at from $1 to $1.40 per pound. ‘They are unsweetened and they taste much like an unsweetened American biscuit. Dried oysters are a much prized delicacy. They have con- siderable ‘‘substance”’ in them—more than one would think. A dozen of them, with bread, will make a fairly “‘square”’ meal. ‘To dry, the fresh oysters are simply soaked in brine, then sun-dried. They can be eaten raw or cooked. The Chinese also put up a so-called ‘oyster oil’’ in cans Dessicated Giant Cuttlefish or Devilfish (Called by the Chinese ‘‘ Ocktopus”’), a Most Esteemed Food. Note the Shrunken Suckers day—the price ever mounting; fishermen pursuing the shark instead of its pursuing them. The result is that the fish has been almost exterminated. Long journeys must now be made through the now sharkless offings in search of it, and the price ranges from $5 to $6 per pound. The specimen il- lustrated, for instance, being a particularly fine piece, weighing % pound, cost $3 in United States currency. To cook, the fin requires a couple of hours’ soaking, then a couple of hours’ boiling. The blade of the fin is the juiciest portion. Among other delicacies of the Chinese table may be mentioned the black tea crackers, which are Sun-dried Chinese Oysters The Celebrated ‘‘ Sam-ce-che,”” or Sun-dried Shark’s-fin, of the Chinese It is so heavily salted, that the receptacle is usually one-third full of the settled salt. ‘There is really no “oil” in the can. The contents consist simply of the squeezed-out concentrated juice (plus the sodium) of entire semiputrescent oysters ; Jet-black Chinese Unsweetened Tea-crackers August, 1907 Chinese Chestnut-flour Macaroni, a Most Nutritious Food these are dingy brown in color and are used as a curry. Famous the world over is the Chinese birds’ nest soup. The twigs from the edible birds’ nests cost from $1 to $10 per ounce, so that it is the dearest food known to man. ‘The nests are not found in China, but are imported from Java. If you are familiar with the taste of cooked blood albumen you can surmise the taste of these edible birds’-nest twigs plus the taste of dried cherry tree gum and stale bread crumbs thrown Sun-dried Chinese Compressed Seaweed Mat, Used in Soap-making, Etc, in. I hardly believe it has any more nutritive properties than calf’s foot jelly or beef extracts. The birds’-nest twigs can be cooked without previous soak- ing, although it is the practice of good cooks to soak them for days. They retain their form (like high grade macaront), al- though swelling to about double their size, after an hour’s vigorous cooking; this is proof of their purity, showing AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 299 freedom from adulteration. Asa matter of fact, it has never been found practicable to imitate or provide a substitute for this singular product of the saliva of the Java swift bird. In China tea is not only drunk, but also eaten. A most palatable salad is made from the leaves. ‘The salad is made from the exhausted full leaf of the biepjcki-chai (virgin tea) —the entire pure unfired leaf—the same tea you drink in an- other crumbled form, the débris. After the silk-tied little bunches of pure tea have done duty in the teapot they are lifted out by the silken thread intact and suspended in a glass vase full of water-white vinegar for a fortnight. They are then ready for the cold meat lunch table. They make the most exquisite and rarest of salads. Only the tender leaves are edible; the stalks are thrown aside. Another delicacy is the cuttlefish, which appears mostly on the table with rice dishes. ‘The fish itself is caught for two important reasons—for its sepia or ink-bag, from which is derived the perma- nent China or India ink of com- merce, and_ for food. It is per- haps the _ most solid and satisfying of fish foods. Un- fortunately, it is quite a gritty food, the fine sand which has been drawn into its thousands of suckers being al- most impossible to wash out. Strawberries with stones! Such is the peculiarity of the Chinese white strawberry. As it is seen growing, it is red, like our own; as found in commerce, preserved in jars, it is almost snow-white, with a delicate pinkish tinge. For preserving, the stones are first removed; these are quite solid, about the size of a small filbert nut. This white strawberry is reputed the most luscious fruit in the domain of Oriental fruit luxuries. Even with the big stones removed it is still a meaty fruit, large as our largest straw- berries. Its taste is a peculiarly exotic one, totally unlike the American fruit, but a good deal like the most luscious muscatel grapes. It is never served with cream, but, in China, with the freshly pressed juice of the sorghum sugar cane, itself a most delicious juice. It is preserved in glass vases and cans in the same pure sorghum undiluted juice. Many Chinese culinary curiosities do not admit of illus- tration, or are too difficult to procure—as the roast monkey of extreme southern China; the potted alligator, or Kaman, imported as a great delicacy; the diseased dried goose livers; The Peculiar ‘‘ Water-chestnuts”” Used in Making the Chestnut-macaroni Sun-dried Earth-worms from the Padi (Rice) Fields 300 the bamboo shoots (tasting something like the sweet turnip, minus its slight sweetness) ; the fresh, also the dried pieces of sorghum sugar cane, used as dessert; and a host of queer fruits and vegetables. Among these are the bitter melons, which are simply Chinese cucumbers, run to seed, and pickled with the bitter rind left on—a disgusting tasting legume; the China gutow—whatever that may mean—which is appa- rently an Oriental brother of the American spring onion— and which I know from ample experience of the celestial article, requires the “‘purifying”’ of one’s breath after partak- ing thereof. Then, again, among the fruits, there is the acid- sweet carambola—not at all an estimable fruit; and still another fruit which has an odor resembling a decaying egg. This commands a high price. The yuenan is a cherry-like fruit with an abnormal stone; the ypyk (pronounced uruk) is a sort of choice edible plum, containing a stone and sweet-almond-like kernel—the only known fruit on the globe the outside flesh and inside kernel of which are both perfectly sweet and edible. The writer is believed to be the first person to have brought this ypyk fruit to the notice of civilization. It is unobtainable outside of Asia. It should be stated that all these illustrations are from the actual specimens selected from the writer’s collection, noted and procured during travels in the East and brought to the ofice of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. The “ripened” eggs of the Chinese are found in commerce in two varieties—first, coated with a thickish layer of solid black earth; second, encrusted with a grayish-white substance evidently produced from barnyard refuse. The contents of the black covered eggs are snow-white; those of the whitish- gray exterior are a glossy jet black inside. ‘They are not putrid eggs, as we know putrid eggs, albeit they are thor- oughly ‘“‘ripe’”’—there’s no doubt about that! They are eaten AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1907 cold or warm, with tea-leaf salad, and can be preserved half a century or longer. The water-chestnut macaroni (it is called macaroni, from Italian macaroni, by the Chinese themselves, who spell it with a “k’’), is a most nutritious food. It is usually served with the boiled bow-wow (doggie flesh) or the stewed cat. The decayed, mealy macaroni is remade into a kind of pan- cake—a tolerably disgusting food, with a taste resembling the odor of sulphureted hydrogen. The dried, salted rice-worms—more euphoniously but er- roneously called by the Chinese “‘rice-fish’’—are the annoying centipede-like worms which infest the padi fields; but John utilizes them, as he does almost everything, for food. A bloating, wind-creating, unsatisfying food, yet much superior to Boston pork and beans. The compressed seaweed mat is multiusable. Intended for the table, in soups—it is also used as a family ‘“‘barometer’’ —varying its moisture as the temperature rises or falls; as a cure for insomnia, if laid on the face, and its persistent semiozonic odor inhaled through the nose; as a table mat, when a couple of them will impart a seaside-like odor to a room so long as they hold together. In any case, in China, after these multifarious uses, they always wind up in the soup pot. The “Bombay duck”’ is simply salted, decayed and thor- oughly rotted fish, subsequently sun-dried, so that it crumbles between the fingers. It is also thoroughly “ripened.” The snow-white rice flour biscuits are a queer contrast to the jet black crackers. The former are intensely sweet, and kneeded with rice oil. ‘They are the whitest biscuits known, and are used as an emblem of purity at all the Chinese ‘babies, ladies and hades’’* ceremonies. *The Celestial equivalent for “cradle, altar and tomb.” Twigs of the Edible Chinese Birds’ -nests Chinese “Ripened ” Eggs a Score of Years Old or More, Showing the Glossy Jet-black Interior Effect of Bagging Upon the Quality of Fruit Ne TOYOR several years the Ecole nationale d’agri- 8 aa culture at Versailles has recommended in- ee KG at closing pears in paper bags as soon as the GaN fruit is formed. The latter is thus protected SG from the worms and the various crypto- gamic diseases, and develops more regu- larly. It is uncovered at the time of ripening, that it may become colored by the sun. Mons. Riviere, director of the agronomic station at Versailles, with the co-operation of Mons. Baillache, wished to determine scientifically the effect of this course of procedure upon the quality of the fruit, and therefore studies were made of the Golden Chasselas and several varieties of table-pears. On comparing bunches of grapes picked from the same vine and at the same height, some of which had been bagged, while the rest had been developed in the open air, the fol- lowing differences were found: Sugar Acidity per Liter, of Juice Unbageed bunchesie.ccs eee 198.50, ‘grammes! ..- eee 3.08 Bagged bunchestvce cere 205 9 (grammes. aaa 2.86 “The bagged grape, therefore, is sweeter and less acid than the unbagged grape. As to pears, on the contrary, the bagging increases both the quantity of sugar and of acid. Thus, for 1,000 parts of fresh pulp the Beurré Diel con- tained 82.20 grammes of sugar, when it had been bagged, and but 78.10 grammes when it had not been. But the acidity of the bagged fruit was expressed by the figures 2.40 as against 1.60 for the unbagged. It is for the epicures to decide in which case the pear had the better taste.” —From L’ Illustration. August, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 301 The Summer Home of E. C. Richardson, Esg., Magnolia, Massachusetts By Mary H. Northend With Photographs by the Author LARGE white house, Colonial in feature, with colonaded porticoes and broad win- dows, set face to the street, after the man- ner of those fine old mansions, but far back from the publicity and dust of the thorough- fare among trees and wide lawns—such is the summer home of E. C. Richardson, at Magnolia, Mass. One reaches the house retired thus amidst its greenery, after passing up a broad and winding avenue which ends at the side entrance porch. A few broad low steps lead up to the latter, and here one is fain to pause for a moment, and looking back to survey from this vantage ground the beautiful panorama extended below. The rather extensive grounds are defined by a face wall of stone. The wide lawn is smoothly shaven and shows clusters of rhododendrons and shrubs with a few fine trees, just en- ough to shade with- out detracting from the broad view. ‘ite car den) de- mands a closer ex- amination. As just stated, the entrance to the house is through a Colonial porch, with — supporting columns of Corin- thian type. Over the door is a win- dow box of scarlet flowering plants. A wide hallway ex- tends inward from the door, with the broad Colonial Siteait case at, its farther end leading up to the second story floor. The apartment is hung with a very heavy paper of old pattern and of the Colonial yellow tone, the old- time effect being in- tensified by white trimmings, and_ by quaint. rush-bot- tomed chairs and a Sheraton sofa. The hall ends in a bil- liard-room of splen- did proportions fin- ished in dark English oak, a brilliant apart- The Simply Designed Living-room ment and a prominent feature of the house. At the right of the hall is the den, sacred to the use of the master of the house, and on the door is secured a curious sanctuary knocker fashioned after one seen in York, England. Here, as in all parts of the building, a pure Colonial effect is wrought out both in the arrangement and selection of hangings, furniture and ornaments. The dining-room at the rear of the den is a study in beauti- ful architecture. Tapestry hangings and woodwork done in green and white enamel throw into striking and harmonious relief the Corinthian columns which support the fireplace and the exquisitely carved frieze that surrounds the mantel. Ionic columns at another side of the room support boxes of plants, whose perennial luxuriance keeps summer time within fliewiwom~cn)) Thre chairs found in this apartment are cop- ied after those of Robert Morris, the one-time great finan- cier, and after those which once belonged to Thomas Jetter- son. The living- room, which occu- pies an entire half of the house, is a re- production of the parlor in the Long- fellow house at Portland, Maine. It is a spacious apart- ment, recessed at in- tervals by Corin- thian pillars, which serve to break its great length. At the farther end the eflect is further modified by simula- tion of a small li- brary. Low _ book- cases in white enamel, filled with choice volumes, fur- niture in Dutch blue, and rare and price- less old figure-pieces in the way of odd chairs and _ tables, are here displayed. The chambers are hung with various floral designs both charming and _ rest- ful to the eye. One in) a pa ttemn: of sweetpeas is espe- cially noticeable. SMALL TREES AND LEOGE fad 5 ( 5 2 i‘ 2 4 are NC " rf, ©aKs PINES AND BOULDERS C t oe ‘Y if ed, a SH §$CAcE OF FeeT. ~ a ‘go Fi Plan of the Grounds Beautiful and stately the house certainly is in all its ap- pointments, but it is just the sort of interior one would expect from such an exterior. It is not often that one can thus fore- tell the inner from the outer appearance of a house—only when the architect has been given an ideal location and then full scope for the expression of his talent. Everett and Mead, The Broad Veranda AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1907 A General View the architects in this case, could hardly have designed more satisfactorily. Truly the Colonial is the perfect architecture. The very land whereon the house stands is _ historically interesting. It was once the camping ground of the Salem Cadets, the scene of who knows how much emulation, rivalry and romance. It is thus both historical and picturesque. of . Richardson’s House 1 the Rear August, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 303 J thd vo Wa iene a ae 3. 0 Cade SRS Soar E ae See par “a te HIGHWANY SCALE OF recs. Fo! —o An open veranda with balustrades in white about three feet high extends across the front of the house. Boxes of scarlet geraniums arranged along the top of the latter add to the artistic effect, while potted bay trees here and there along the floor and large hydrangeas at either side of the steps harmonize the color tone. Entrance to the house may Plan of ae Grounds be gained either at the side or front. At the left of the building, overlooking the rose garden, is a wide covered veranda, or loggia, partly shut in by glass partitions. ‘The veranda is used during the warm weather as a gathering place for the family. It is tastefully furnished with rugs and rafha furniture, and, of course, the inevitable little Concluded on page 314 A Bird’s-Eye View of the Garden and Grounds AMERICAN HOME 302 Plan of the Grounds Beautiful and stately the house certainly is in all its ap- pointments, but it is just the sort of interior one would expect from such an exterior. It is not often that one can thus fore- tell the inner from the outer appearance of a house—only when the architect has been given an ideal location and then full scope for the expression of his talent. Everett and Mead, The Broad Veranda eee S AND GARDENS August, 1907 the architects in this case, could hardly have designed more satisfactorily. Truly the Colonial is the perfect architecture. The very land whereon the house stands is historically interesting. It was once the camping ground of the Salem Cadets, the scene of who knows how much emulation, rivalry and romance. It is thus both historical and picturesque. The Pergola in the Rear August, 1907 dt A General View of Mr. Richardson's House An open veranda with balustrades in white about three feet high extends across the front of the house. Boxes of scarlet geraniums anged along the top of the latter add to the artistic effect, while potted bay trees here and there along the floor and large hydrangeas at either side of the steps harmonize the color tone. Entrance to the house may AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 303 Plan of the Grounds be gained either at the side or front. At the left of the building, overlooking the rose garden, is a wide covered veranda, or loggia, partly shut in by glass partitions. The veranda is used during the warm weather as a gathering place for the family. It is tastefully furnished with rugs and rafhia furniture, and, of course, the inevitable little Concluded on page 314 A Bird's-Eye View of the Garden and Grounds 304 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1907 The White Pelican By B. S. Bowdish MONG the great colonies of birds which still exist in some of the wild lake regions of the western States, none, perhaps, is more re- markable or interesting than the white \ pelican, striking both on account of its large \ size and the peculiar appearance that its great bill gives it. Involuntarily, as one views the great birds, either in their native haunts or in the zoological gardens, one wonders how they came to be what they are, from whence the immense bills and the peculiar structures. Our more mod- ern explanations of structural peculiari- ties take account of the advantages that they may offer to their possessors, and recognize the power of evolu- tion as equal to the task of producing such characters as will best serve the needs. The conditions in which a crea- ture lives thus affect its structure, even though it be very slowly, and in some cases the ancestral forms which are plainly traceable to certain species were vastly different from their present-day descendants. In the case of the pelican, however, fossil remains of the species of long ago are prac- tically the same as our present birds. The white pelican has been rather more difficult than the brown one to cultivate acquaintance with. Nevertheless, it has been studied in its home, and its habits in the zoological gardens have been observed. It combines a body that is smaller than its thick coat of feathers would lead one to sup- pose, with lightness of structure and immense wing area in relation to its weight. The expanse of wings of the white pelican is sometimes nine feet. ‘The bones, like those of other creatures, are hollow and light, and the body is pro- vided with interior air-sacs, giving additional lightness and buoyancy. On the water not a third of the body is sub- merged, and it seems to be with difficulty that the birds submerge themselves in diving for their prey. This, how- ever, is not a handicap, since they seem to find an abundant supply of food near the surface. Because they are so buoyant they swim easily, riding the waves for hours, when they so desire. I have seen the brown pelicans plunge head down- ward from a considerable height, striking the water with a resounding whack, like wind-bags, and even then not more than half submerging themselves. On the wing, pelicans are capable of sailing for long stretches, with wings held rigid, and they often skim the water thus, following the undulating contour of the waves. Pelicans secure their prey both by plunging from a height, while flying, and by snatching it up while swimming. ‘The upper mandible is strong, but light, the hooked tip serving as a guard against the escape of fish, while the lower mandible is simply a light frame which sup- ports the pouch. As the bill is opened in grasping the prey the sides of this frame are bowed outwardly by the action of a set of muscles for that purpose, the tip being contracted, and the mandible and pouch becoming a very serviceable dip net. The water is readily expelled from the apertures at the sides, while the upper mandible, resting across the middle of the lower, prevents the escape of the fish. Most very young birds are fed with predigested food re- gurgitated by the parent from its crop, the parent’s bill, dur- Characteristic Attitudes Assumed by Pelicans August, 1907 ing the process, being thrust well into the throat of its offspring. When we consider that the bill of the pelican is at least equal in size to the entire newly hatched young, the impracticability of this method of feeding the young in their case is at once apparent. ‘The procedure is therefore re- versed; the young pelican dives head foremost into the cavernous depths of its parent’s pouch, and even explores the recesses of the parental throat. Fish either predigested or freshly caught reward this exploration, according to the age of the young pelican. Submergence in these depths of the oral larder is apparently a fatiguing process, and it is some time after a meal before the young pelican seems to feel himself again. Young pelicans, after they arrive at such size as to be able to get about, do not restrict their clamor- ings for food to their own parents, but even levy on any pelican that happens to waddle along. The old birds, how- ever, always distinguish their own offspring, and when the selection is made, the other young pelicans make no attempt to disturb the feed- ing. In the white peli- can, the upper man- dible is adorned with a thin, tri- angular, bony crest, composed of horny fibers, and attached to the cutaneous cov-: ering of the bill, but not to the bony Sit muve tule: itself. These appendages are worn only dur- ing the breeding y re ; es season, being afterward shed. As the birds are said to be somewhat quarrelsome during the breeding season, and as these objects are possessed only by the males, it has been thought that they are in the nature of weapons. Pelicans have an amusing, and rather obscure, habit of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ad ‘~) 395 occasionally indulging in a grotesque dance. Such a habit is indulged in by some such birds as the sandhill crane at the breeding season. However, the great blue heron has been known to indulge in family dances of this character in the fall, and such dances having obviously no pairing significance, Pelican Dancing there seems no _ bet- ter reason to assign for their indulgence than that the birds, like their human brethren, find this diversion amusing and to their liking. The larger crea- tures of our country passed before the advancement of civi- lization. Before people realized that the immense herds of but fa lor that ranged the western plains were destined to extermination, they were gone, and there remained of them only small, tame-looking groups in the zoological parks, and the tradi- tions that linked them with the Indian and the cowboy. Our fathers tell us of the flocks of wild pigeons that dark- ened the sky, and broke down large branches in the woods where they roosted, yet to-day it is rarely, if ever, that one is seen. The great auks that once densely peopled a northern island have been unknown, save from a few mounted speci- mens in the museums, for the last fifty years. For about the same period the Labrador duck has been extinct. The king of the world’s woodpeckers, the ivory-billed, is following fast the same road. Many of the sea-birds, and most of the ducks and geese, have been greatly reduced in numbers. Unless the future holds some bright surprise in store for us, the white pelican will soon be numbered with those crea- tures whose wild life is known only as a matter of history. per ad By 306 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1907 Three Low Cost Houses at Dyker Heights, New York By Paul Thurston T IS a difficult matter in planning a house to design one which will combine all the principles of good construction, pleasing ele- vations and well arranged plans, and at the same time one which can be built for a com- paratively small amount of money. It is, also, difficult to secure a house of a distinctive character, for the reason that the usual house built of this class, at the present time, for any such sum of money as the ones illustrated herewith, are usually of the class known as the “square-rigged” type, and are conse- quently without any pronounced charm in them. The difficulty, however, has been overcome, as is demon- strated by Mr. C. Schubert, in the three houses he has de- signed for Mr. Benjamin Guisberg, whose house presents one type, Mr. M. T. Bull’s another, and Mr. Ingomals still another, which he has built at Dyker Heights, Brooklyn. The House of Benjamin Guisberg, Esq. The interesting house built for Benjamin Guisberg, Esq., has a pleasing feature in the placing of the entrance porch at isolated manner and in so close proximity to the kitchen that no rear stairs seem necessary when making arrangements for them. . The parlor has oak trimmings, painted ivory white, a bay- window with a seat, and an open fireplace with cream tile facings, a hearth and a Colonial mantel. A French window opens into the living-porch from this room. The dining-room is also trimmed with oak and has a beamed ceiling and a plate rack extending around the walls, forming a division for the decorations. There is a bay- window with seat, and an open fireplace with green mottled tiled facings and hearth. A door opens into the butler’s closet, which is fitted with drawers and dressers, while an- other door opens into the kitchen, which is fitted with all the best modern conveniences. The second floor is treated with white paint, and the walls of each room are in one color scheme. ‘There are four bed- rooms, each provided with large closets. One of the bed- rooms is fitted with an open fireplace. There is also a bath- room, furnished with a tiled wainscoting, porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The third floor con- Seconvo looz Mr. Guisberg’s House Is Well Balanced by the Porches at Either Side the front and the living porch at the left side of the house, balancing the elevation with a complete harmony. Much care has been given to the planning of the house, in the ar- rangement of its various rooms and the utilization of all the available space. In doing this, it means something more than the getting of the largest number of rooms in a given area, for the rooms must be properly related to one another and thoroughly adapted to the uses for which they are in- tended. There is a cellar under the entire house which is inclosed with a stone foundation and underpinning. The building above is covered with matched sheathing, good building paper, clapboards and cedar shingles. The clapboards and trimmings are painted a light gray and the shingles are stained in harmony. The roof is covered with similar shingles and is stained a moss green. Upon entering the house one finds oneself in a square hall, which opens into the parlor, dining-room and the stair hall. This hall is trimmed with oak and has a beamed ceiling. The staircase, which is an ornamental one, is separated from the hall proper by an archway, and is placed in such an tains one servant’s room and an open attic for storage uses. The cost of this house complete was $3750. A House Built for Mr. Ingomals The whole style of this house is simple and good, and the red tone of the underpinning, the silver gray of the painted clapboards, and the soft brown of the shingles, harmonize well with the ivory-white painted trim, and the moss-green stained shingled roof. The house is furnace heated and the cellar is divided into fuel rooms, etc. The entire arrangement of the house is most excellent, and it is divided into four rooms on the first floor and the same number and bathroom on the second. A novel feature of this plan is the staircase, which is placed in a hall by itself, and which, connecting with all the rooms, answers, on ac- count of its convenient location, for both the rear and front stairway. Entrance to the house is direct to the living-hall, which is trimmed with oak and finished in a Flemish brown, and has an open fireplace with brick facings and hearth and a Dutch mantel. The stairway, as already mentioned, is August, 1907 WITCHEN /2«/3 dung Vie TW) Ankh 0m |) QAIG i! = AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 397 Der roore _DED R 00rt (2X/3-6 Dewroor. 12% 12.6 Secon /Zooe The Whole Style of Mr. Ingomals’ House is Simple and in Good Taste placed in a separate hall, and rises up from a broad landing. It has a seat at its side, and an ornamental balustrade. The parlor is separated from the living-hall by an archway pro- vided with Colonial columns. Opposite the entrance there is placed a console mirror extending from the floor to the ceiling. ‘This room is also trimmed with oak, and is finished in a Flemish brown. ‘The dining-room, trimmed with a similar oak, is finished with a golden brown, and has an open fireplace with a brick hearth and facings and an oak mantel. A door from the dining-room leads into the pantry, provided with drawers and dressers, and from the pantry another door leads into the kitchen, the latter being fitted with all the best modern conveniences. The four bedrooms and bathroom on the second floor are trimmed with cypress and finished natural, while the walls are tinted in one color scheme. The bathroom is wain- scoted with tiles, and is furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel plumbing. There is one servant’s bedroom and trunk room on the third floor. ‘This house cost $3200 complete. The House of M. T. Bull, Esq. The first consideration in building a suburban house for Mr. Bull was to look over the site and arrive at a definite conclusion of the best style and form to use, and this is what Mr. Schubert did when he designed this house. The house DInin¢ Loork 126X160 7/8 57 [loo == is pleasing to the eye and is in good taste. The form is on the square, thereby giving good square rooms in the interior and an exterior that is dignified and not over ornate in its treatment. The underpinning is built of rock-faced stone, and the ex- terior framework is covered with matched sheathing, good building paper and shingles which are stained a soft brown, while the trimmings are painted white. The roof is covered with shingles and stained a moss green. A vestibule forms the entrance to the house, which is trimmed with oak. From the vestibule one enters the hall, which occupies the greater part of the front of the house. It is trimmed with oak and has a paneled wainscoting seven feet in height, and ceiling beams, the whole of which is fin- ished in Flemish brown. ‘The fireplace is built of brick, with brick facings, hearth and mantel. The staircase is recessed from this hall, and is separated by an archway and screen, and on account of its semi-isolation it seemed advisable when planning this house to dispense with the servants’ staircase and use this in combination with an access to it from the kitchen through the butler’s pantry. The parlor, separated from the hall by an archway, supported on columns, is trimmed with oak finished in a golden oak. Opposite the entrance is a console mirror rising from the floor to the ceiling. A Colonial base two feet in height extends around the walls of this room. The house cost $4250. De0 Poor, 10 6/26 Secown oor Mr. Bull’s House at Dyker Heights 308 e raya ee er yp ; : oe ae i Es na faa Bs a ee N ANCIENT Egypt there were three varie- ties of the lotus: the sacred lotus, called by modern writers the “rose lily,’ because of its beautiful pink color; the sweet-scented blue lotus; and the white. ‘The seed of the white lotus, called the ‘‘sacred bean,’’ was used for food and made into bread, its taste being like that of sweet almonds. As it was said to affect the memory so that people forgot their native countries, Homer warned his countrymen to “abstain from beans.” The Egyptians gave a lotus to each guest at festivals, of- fered it to their gods in religious ceremonies, and painted and carved its form upon their temples. At feasts the walls were decorated with the lotus, and a vase of the fragrant varieties was placed on a table before the giver of the feast. The attendants hung necklaces of the Hower on the neck of each guest, and placed a wreath on his head, so arranged that a bud or cluster of blossoms fell exactly in the center of the It was regarded as a symbol of Life by the peo- forehead. A New Hampshire Water Garden of Truly Tropical Effect AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1907 Sie ene OSE BTS iy a Race =a AO SW, ple of upper Egypt. The seed was sown by wrapping it in clay, and throwing it into the water. The words ‘Cast thy bread upon the waters and it shall return to thee after many days” refers to the way the lotus was planted. In our own country, also, the Indians planted the lotus and used the roots and seed for food. At Sharpstown, near Woodstown, N. J., in the southern part of the State, is a millpond belonging to Mr. A. M. Oliphant. It runs the entire western side of the town, covering between fifteen and twenty acres, and is bordered by a fine grove on the western side. It is filled with lotus plants the Indians set out, the variety known as the Nelumbium lutem. ‘The blooms, some of which stand five feet out of water, measure five to ten inches across, and are a beautiful canary yellow. ‘The flowers last about six weeks, from the middle of July till the first of September, and people come many miles while they are in season to see this superbly beautiful sheet of water covered with blossoms. ‘The plant roots are very deep in the mud, and look like a sweet potato. The seed pod is as large as Pink and Yellow Nymphaea and Water Hyacinth in Cemented Basin August, 1907 The Egyptian Lotus Successfully Grown in New Jersey an ordinary teacup, and is filled with seeds in separate cells. It has been found that aquatics given the same conditions as our native water lilies will grow profusely, and give more pleasure than any other plants. For those who have no natural or artificial basins, several varieties can be grown in tubs, or half barrels, set down in the earth. The results are especially attractive and effective where the spaces between the tubs are filled with stones and earth, and sedges, ferns and other marsh-loving plants, hardy ornamental grasses, clumps of bamboo and hardy herbaceous plants are set among the rocks, taking care they do not over- shadow the water plants. ‘The sweet alyssum, called “carpet of snow,” is a beautiful plant to surround the tubs. All of the Nelumbia and the hardy Nymphezas can be well grown in half tubs. The best soil is from the rotted vegetable matter from ponds and swamps. ‘The best substitute for this is heavy garden loam mixed with compost. Place six inches of earth in each tub; plant but one or two roots in each, scatter one inch of sandy gravel over them: then fill the tubs with six inches of water, avoiding the displacement of the sand. As all water lilies prefer still, warm water, it is a mistake to have any fountain or continuous inflow, and even in natural ponds a large inflow of cold spring water affects the growth harmfully. In the smaller artificial ponds or tanks the best method is to replace the water by a hose, in the late afternoon or evening, syr- inging the plants at the same time, thereby keeping in check the green and black fly. Mr. William Macfarland, superinten- dent of schools in Bordentown, N. J., de- votes much attention to the cultivation of plants, and is a writer on such subjects. He has, in his yard, a three-by-five feet water garden, flanked, next the garden path, by Japanese iris, such as Onoto Watanna says make a purple world of Japan. The walls and bottom of the basin are of single brick set in cement, and covered by cement to prevent leakage. A garden hose is used to fill it. The plants in it are hardy water lilies, a Cape Cod pink, or Nymphaea odorata, var. rosea, of a de- lightful scent, and a yellow Nymphaea marliacea, var. chromatilla, with spotted leaves. A water hyacinth, with its floating foliage, suspended roots, and brilliant blue flowers assists in the purification of the wa- ter. The hyacinth is tropical, and needs to be removed to the house in winter. It grows well in a jardiniere, with some earth AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 5eD and water, and should be kept always in the sun. ‘Vhe water in the lily basin is never changed except by overflow in rains and by evaporation, and the plants have not been disturbed for five years. There are a few goldfish in the pond. In early June they deposit their eggs on the roots of the water hyacinth. If left in the basin, the gold fish eat the eggs, so they are removed, for hatching purposes, to a tub of water hold- ing the hyacinth. ‘The water in the basin is very pure, and the choice fish put in it five years ago are still flourishing. It is advis- able to place fish in ponds and tanks, for the benefit of the water, and to prevent mos- quito breeding. An occasional frog finds its way to this Bordentown water garden. In cold weather the water is lowered eight inches by dipping it out, and a cold frame is put on. In hard winter additional covering of leaves or straw is put around the wall and boards over the cold frame. On Chestnut Street, in Salem, Mass., Mr. Philip Little has a dainty lily pond as an addition to a lovely garden. The method used in constructing a cement basin of this type is to pound the bottom and sides of the excavation till they are firm; then cover the whole with a layer of six inches of puddled clay, pounding it with wooden mauls to bring it to a‘solid wall. After this the sides should be covered with rough stones, and a thin layer of concrete added. The top of the wall should be plastered with cement. A depth of two feet is about the right dimension. This cemented pond of Mr. Little’s is double in construction, like a figure eight. The flowers are of all the vari-colored Nymphza. Another very beautiful water garden is owned by Judge C. E. Hoitt, of Nashua, N. H. This is situated on Judge Hoitt’s country estate, a mile and a half from Nashua. The lily pond is a cement basin, semi-circular, set in a hollow at the base of a rise of ground, on the path to the lodge and reading-room. In the basin are grown Nelumbium specio- sum (the Egyptian lotus), and different varieties of Nym- phea. Japanese rice is planted about the basin and in it, and Japanese iris and banana plants skirt it. This garden is so beautiful that the daughter of a former governor of New These Plants Have Been Growing for Five Years in this Basin Without Change or Removal 310 Hampshire makes it a_ sketching ~ ground for her work in water colors. Some forty years ago Mr. E. D. Sturtevant settled in Bordentown, N. J., and remained there until 1889, when he removed to Holly Wood, California. Mr. Sturtevant was a florist, much interested in the growth of aquatics, and known as the father of water-garden culture. He rented a pond for the purpose of propagating the Egyptian lotus for sale, also to prove that they are hardy in this cli- mate. He was successful, far beyond his expectations, until the mill was burned and the water drawn off, when the plants perished. In his florist’s yard in the center of the town, Mr. Sturtevant had an arti- ficial tank for the culture of the Vic- toria regia. I visited this in 1882, with a group of young people from the Bordentown Female College. We viewed it in the evening (when it was a doubly fascinating sight, height- ened by the shadows cast by an old- fashioned lantern), the magnificent blooms rearing their white waxen heads above the water. ‘This garden has been removed to California. The water gardens noted in this article are but types, and very interesting and beautiful types of many such gardens that have been successfully cultivated in many parts of America. They show not only how highly interesting such plants are, but how readily they may be cultivated and brought to full perfection of maturity. Why a water garden should, at any time, have been thought a matter of difficulty, AMERTCAN HOMES: AN D 1G ARIDIEINES The Egyptian Lotus May Be Readily Grown in a Tub August, 1907 is one of the mysteries of the modern art of gardening. Nothing is easier than the making of a suitable pond or basin, if one’s grounds has no natural stream, and nothing is easier than to grow in such a basin the most beauti- ful of water plants, giving rich and splendid effects with blooms that are equaled by few earth plants. No garden of any sort is produced without more or less trouble and labor. The beautiful garden implies and re- quires more or less attention. Even if it be but a small one, there must be more or less personal labor be- stowed upon it. And this labor must be constant and unremittantly ap- plied year after year. It is work that is never done, albeit it yields con- stantly varied delight and _ interest. Doubtless the water garden seems, to many, to add another quota of labor to the many details most gardens re- quire; it seems, moreover, to require the cultivation of strange and exotic plants, whose methods of growth are unfamiliar and whose successful de- velopment is more or less problemati- cal. As a matter of fact, neither of these propositions is true. The labor involved in making and caring for a water garden is distinctly less than that needed for the cultivation of the ordinary garden, and it is conspicuously true that the cultivation of the water plants has been demonstrated to be easy and complete. The water garden may thus add a new charm to our rural grounds, with quite a minimum of labor and a maximum of effect. These are two ends not to be overlooked in the arrangements of country grounds. A Vacation Problem Easily Solved By Phebe Westcott Humphreys mS ETEN outing funds are low and health or business demands an expensive vacation trip for the older members of the family, the satisfactory disposal of the growing boy be- comes a serious problem for the mother. The one great desire of his heart—‘‘camp- ing with a lot of fellows’’—offers many ad- vantages; good health from outdoor life, active and delight- ful exercise, a closer acquaintance with instructive nature; but on the other hand it fills the mother heart with dread of possible harm when gunning, deep-water fishing, swimming, and unchaperoned freedom make up the program of daily camp life. And what boy would knowingly tolerate a chaperon? Here lies the secret of successfully solving the problem. Let the father or the mother of the most persistent would-be camper sanction the movement, allow him to choose his camping companions, and then make arrangements with the head of each household from which a boy has been chosen, to rent the camp site and supplies on the co-operative plan, and engage a secret chaperon. The expense for this purpose will be very slight when divided among several families. The camp site should be located in the mountains or in some quiet farming section, near famous boating and fishing grounds; and there will be little difficulty in finding a man from a nearby hotel or farmhouse to act as visiting chaperon —to devote only a portion of his time each day to the boys, while keeping a general supervision over the campers’ pas- times and provisions. The secret service idea should be carefully guarded. Let the caretaker first appear on the scene as a chance visitor, after tents are pitched, and arouse the enthusiasm of the boys in relating early camping experiences and in the ad- vantages of their surroundings. And while putting up at a hotel or farmhouse let him watch over camp and campers from a distance, appearing to the boys simply as a good chum, who may be depended upon to increase their pleasure in each day’s sport. Let him also send regular letters to the parents of the boys that will allay all anxieties that might arise from letters of boyish enthusiasm. Then the parents may travel, or spend their time at a fashionable hotel if desired (where the boys would find it irksome as well as expensive), knowing that their boys are cultivating meth- odical ideas in attending to their own camp cooking and housekeeping and independence in providing daily table sup- plies; and at the same time are having a royal good time in fulfilling the cherished desire of their hearts. It is the most agreeable solution of the vacation problem for boys. August, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Purification of Sewage and Factory Waste By E. Boullanger, of the Pasteur Institute at Lille HE methods which have been devised in recent years for purifying and rendering sewage and the waste water of factories in- nocuous, before allowing them to flow into streams to poison fish and possibly human beings, may be classified in three groups: purely chemical, purely biological and mixed. In the last group, part of the organic matter is pre- cipitated by chemical means, and the water is then further purified by biological methods. The principal reagents employed in chemical purification are ferric sulphate, ferric chloride, calcium permanganate, lime and chloride of lime. When any of these substances is added, in suitable proportion, to sewage water, a precipitate is formed which entangles and carries down with it all matter in suspension, leaving the water clear and partially purified. As an example of these chemical methods we may take the process of purification with ferric sulphate, which was re- cently studied at the experimental station at La Madeleine- les-Lille. The sewage, flowing continuously into a cistern, receives, through an adjustable inlet cock, a solution of ferric sulphate in a pro portion determined by a preliminary experiment, and is then pumped into an elevated clearing basin, which overflows into. a_ second basin. The solid matter ac- cumulates on the bot- toms of the basins, chiefly of the upper one, and the clear water flows off from the top of the lower basin. When the basins have become filled with soft mud they are emptied by opening sluices, and the mud is passed through a filter press, which converts it into cakes containing fifty per cent. of water. Chemical analysis of the water after purification shows that from forty to sixty per cent. of the soluble organic matter has been precipitated. The water, therefore, is only about half purified. The advantages of the chemical method are the following: Unlike the biological method, it is applicable to water rich in organic matter or in antiseptic substances. In some cases it permits the extraction of fats and nitrogenous substances of commercial value. Finally, it does not require an ex- tensive plant. On the other hand, the chemical method offers many inconveniences. It is very difficult to regulate the quantity of the reagent so as to secure satisfactory purification because the proportion should vary with the chemical composition of the sewage or waste, and this may vary from minute to minute. At best, the purification is incomplete, and the water still contains organic matter which may become offen- sive. The outlay for reagents, even the cheapest of them, is heavy, because of the great volume of water to be treated. _the sewage of Paris. Septic Foss, Showing Sand Chamber Finally, the dehydration of the precipitate by filtering and pressing is laborious and costly, and it is often impossible to dispose of the product as its value as an agricultural fertilizer is uncertain. Every city that has tried chemical methods has encountered these difficulties, so that, despite their seductive simplicity, attention has been turned to methods which do not produce bulky and worthless waste products. The first employed of the biological processes were irriga- tion and intermittent filtration. In the irrigation method the water to be purified is spread over cultivated ground. Here it leaves its organic matter, which becomes converted, through the agency of bacteria, into nitrates, water and gaseous prod- ucts. “This method has been adopted for the purification of It requires a very porous soil of such chemical composition that it will effectively attract and ex- tract the organic matter which is dissolved in the water. The soil must also be well aerated, and consequently the irri- gation must be intermittent and not so copious as to drown the land. Finally, the purified water must be removed from the subsoil by a good system of drainage. When all these condi- tions are fulfilled excel- lent results are obtained. The irrigated land is usually planted with vegetables in order to utilize and remove the nitrates, which are the ultimate result of the decomposition of the nitrogenous matter by bacteria. The irrigation proc- ess, when _ conducted with care, furnishes per- fectly pure water, but it is attended with certain serious inconveniences. It is not always possible to find, near a city, a soil of the requisite depth and permeability. “The method requires vast plots of land and extensive and costly piping. The best soil purifies only about one quart of sewage per square foot per day, and the usual rate is less than one-third of this. Consequently a plot of about 800 acres would be required for the purification of the sewage of a city of 100,000 inhabitants, amounting to 350,000 cubic feet per day. The method is therefore im- practicable in many cases, owing to the lack or great cost of suitable land. If the sewage is allowed to flow intermittently upon beds of coarse sand, a much greater volume of water can be puri- fied. ‘This fact is the basis of the method of purification by intermittent filtration, which has been studied chiefly at the experimental station at Lawrence, Mass. The sewage flows at regular intervals upon beds of sand, six or seven feet thick, in which bacteria rapidly develop and destroy all or- ganic matter. ‘The intermittent irrigation is necessary in order to admit air to the beds between the floodings. This method can be employed only on sandy soils. In some cases crops are raised on the filter beds. ‘The results obtained by Rare this process are excellent. Unfortunately it retains some of the disadvantages of ordinary irrigation. The quantity of water purified is limited to three or four quarts per square foot per day, so that the area required for a large city is still very great. Besides, sandy soil is not found everywhere. The results obtained with intermittent filtration suggested: to the English chemist Dibdin the idea of effecting the decom- position of the or- ganic matter by the action of bacteria in specially contrived ar- tificial beds, instead of allowing the action to be controlled by the nature of the ground, as in_ the preceding methods. He hoped thus to ac- celerate and regulate the work of the bacteria, and _ conse- quently to purify a much larger quantity of water in propor- tion to the area em- ployed. Dibdin’s first experiments were made in 18965. His artificial bacterial beds were composed of a mixture of coke and burned clay. The water, after settling and being decanted, was caused to flood the first bed, where it remained two hours. The partially purified water then flowed to a second bed, where in two hours more it was purified so well that it could safely be allowed to flow into streams. After each flooding the beds were exposed to the air for four hours to enable the bacteria to multiply. But it was discovered that these beds soon became clogged with filth, and then required two or three weeks’ rest to fit them for further service. To avoid this inconvenience Cameron conceived the idea of interposing between the sewage supply pipe and the bacterial beds a series of ditches called septic fosses, in which the putrefiable matter in sus- pension could be deposited and then dissolved and decomposed by anaerobic bacteria.* The water which flows from the fosses holds almost no matter in suspension, and its dissolved organic matter is very easily decomposed by the bacteria of the beds, which, consequently, do not become clogged. The biological processes, as these methods of Dibdin, thus modified, are now called, have been * Bacteria which, unlike the aerobic bacteria of the filter beds, do not require the presence of air. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Bacterial Beds of First and Second Contact at La Madeleine-les-Lille Septic Fosses at La Madeleine-les-Lille August, 1907 tested at Exeter, Veovil, Manchester and else- where. The results obtained have generally been good, and the study of these methods has greatly developed in the last few years. With the energetic and fruitful initiative of Dr. Calmette, director of the Pasteur Institute of Lille, and the aid of a large subsidy from the national fund for scientific research, France has now, in turn, taken up the study of the biological methods, and _ sufficient work has already been done to show that these methods are very practical and very advantageous. Let us see, then, how these methods should be applied in practice, in accordance with the investi- gations made at the experimental station for the purification of water, at La Madeleine-les-Lille. Artificial bacterial purification comprises three operations: First, the separation of non-putrescible solid residuum (sand, stones, fragments of metal, etc.) ; second, the solution, in the septic fosses, of organic matter in sus- pension, and its partial conversion into gases; third, the de- composition of soluble organic matter in the bacterial beds. The first operation is purely mechanical. The sewage first traverses a chamber with double gratings which retain floating bodies, and then flows very slowly into a cham- ber containing a thin layer of sand, on which the gravel and metallic particles are deposited. This de- posit is removed at regular_ intervals with hand or chain scrapers. The water next enters the jseptic fosses. These are long basins of rect- angular cross-section, lined with masonry and subdivided by in- complete transverse partitions which check the flow of the water and facilitate deposition of sediment. ‘Their depth is ten or twelve feet, their length and width such that they contain one day’s out- put of the sewer so that each gallon of water occupies twenty- four hours in traversing the length of the system, which may consist of several parallel fosses or one very long one. The fosses discharge by overflow, and are consequently always full. The muddy sediment which collects in the bottom of Bacterial Bed with Fiddian Rotary Distributor at La Madeleine-les-Lille August, 1907 the foss is the seat of very active anaerobic fermentation, in consequence of which a portion of the deposit is dissolved and another portion is converted into gases, chiefly formene and hydrogen, which are evolved in great quantities. Hence the sediment does not accumulate and fill the foss. Dr. Calmette found only about 200 cubic feet of mud in a septic foss of nearly gooo cubic feet capacity, at La Madeleine, after a year of service, during which 102 tons of solid matter in suspension had entered the foss. This result shows the great effect of bacterial action in decomposing and dissolving sediment. Part of the dissolved organic matter is also dis- integrated in the septic fosses. Altogether half the organic carbon is evolved in gaseous form, and much of the nitro- genous matter is converted into ammonia. ‘The water which Hows from the fosses is still filthy and foul-smelling, but it holds no matter in suspension. Bacterial Contact Bed at La Madeleine-les-Lille In this condition it goes to the bacterial beds for further purification. These beds are rectangular basins about 4 feet deep and from 10,000 to 20,000 square feet in area. The bottom is covered with concrete, slightly inclined, and has a system of tile drains. The basins are filled with coke or slag broken to a diameter of one or two inches, with a bottom layer, ten inches thick, of fragments from two to four inches in diameter. The water, distributed by sluices, flows in little rivulets over the entire surface of the bed. These bacterial beds may be operated either by “double contact” (intermittent system), or by percolation (contin- uous system). In the intermittent system there are two sets of beds, to which the water goes in succession, remaining two hours in contact with each set. After the beds are emptied they are left exposed to the air for four hours be- fore being used again. The cycle of operations of each bed comprises eight hours, thus: one hour filling, two hours filled, one hour emptying and four hours airing. Thus each bed is used three times in twenty-four hours. It takes a volume of water equal to one-third of its cubic capacity, and it is estimated that, for average conditions, a total surface of five-eighths of a square foot, including the beds of first and second contact, is required to purify one cubic foot of water per day. Therefore five acres would suffice for a city of 100,000 inhabitants with a daily sewage flow of 350,000 cubic feet. The changes which occur during these operations are very complex. When the beds are flooded the slag appears to extract the dissolved organic matter as fibers extract dyes from their solutions. Meanwhile the disintegration of the organic matter by the bacteria continues, but the deposit on the slag is attacked and decomposed still more energetically during the period of aeration. The products of decomposi- tion are carbon dioxide water, nitrogen and nitrates, for the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 343 ammonia which is formed at first is oxidized and converted into nitrates by certain bacteria called nitrifying ferments. In this way the slag is freed from the adhering coat of or- ganic matter and made ready to form a new deposit during the next immersion. On leaving the first bed the water is of good appearance and considerably purified, and when it leaves the second bed it has parted with from seventy-five to eighty-five per cent. of its organic matter. In this condition it is clear, odorless and not liable to become putrid. Fish thrive in it and it can safely be thrown into streams. This intermittent method has the advantage of being very simple and requiring no machinery, but the output per square foot of surface is still rather small. To increase it attempts have been made to make the flow continuous without sup- pressing the indispensable aeration of the beds. This result is obtained by employing pressure sprayers, hydraulic tourni- guets, inverting droppers or intermittent siphons. The bacterial beds are made six or seven feet thick, and complete purifica- tion is obtained with a single bed. In the first system the water falls con- tinuously, in a fine rain, upon the slag from spraying nozzles distributed over the surface of the bed, through which it percolates slowly and emerges in a puri- fied condition at the bottom. The appa- ratus is costly and is frequently clogged, but the purification is perfect and the out- put exceeds three cubic feet per square foot per day. The hydraulic tourniquets or rotary sprinklers are based on the same prin- ciple. The whole surface of the bed is Flooding a Bacterial Bed of First Contact at La Madeleine-les-Lille Part of Second Contact Bed Is Shown at Right sprinkled by a single central apparatus with two or four hollow and perforated arms. In this system also the purif- cation is perfect, and the output is nearly four cubic feet per square foot per day. But here, too, the apparatus is ex- pensive and liable to stoppages. Besides, it is often disturbed by the wind. The inverting droppers usually consist of a wheel carrying buckets which empty themselves on the bed. ‘The wheel automatically moves forward at each emptying and so the entire bed is watered. One of the best devices of this class is Fiddian’s rotary distributor, which gives results as good as those obtained with sprinklers and works with much greater regularity. Finally, the intermittent siphons devised by Dr. Calmette are simply siphons which fill automatically at the expiration 314 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS of a variable period of time and suddenly discharge definite quantities of water on the bed at regular intervals. This very simple apparatus, which is much less costly than those described above, gives excellent results. The purification is perfect and the output exceeds three cubic feet per square foot per day. These biological methods have been applied in recent years to factory waste as well as to sewage. In many cases, however, substances that would prevent the bacterial action must first be removed by a chemical process. From all the above it appears that the choice of a method of purification should be influenced by the chemical com- position of the water to be treated, its quantity and the nature of the ground on which the purification is to be ef- fected. On reviewing the merits and demerits of the various systems it appears evident that chemical methods should be reserved for factory wastes heavily charged with grease, dyes or antiseptics. Irrigation of cultivated land with sewage is suitable only for cities near which very large tracts of porous soil can be obtained cheaply, for the yield, by this The Summer Home of August, 1907 method, is only about .o1 cubic foot per square foot per day. Intermittent filtration, which yields a maximum of .14 cubic foot per square foot per day, should be reserved for cities which have in their vicinity sandy plains unfit for cultivation. When none of these three systems seems applicable, which is very often the case, recourse must be had to biological methods. If the volume of water to be purified is very great and the available space is not very small preference should be given to the intermittent or double contact system, which works with great regularity and requires no machinery. It does require, however, a fall of about eight feet from the inlet of the septic fosses to the outlet of the second bacterial bed. The yield is 1.6 cubic feet per square foot per day. If the volume of water to be treated is not very great and the site and height of fall are limited, one of the continuous or percolating systems may be employed. The fall required is about six feet and the yield is about 3.3 cubic feet per square foot per day. This system is especially desirable for small towns and for barracks, schools, hospitals and other public institutions. E. C. Richardson, Esq. Concluded from page 303 tea-table of the same make, and is brightened by pots of flowering plants. It is one of the most delightful spots in the house. The garden below is an English formal one, inclosed by a retaining wall of stone. It was laid out under the super- vision of Ernest Bowditch. The central feature is a broad reach of unbroken sward. Around this is a bricked and terraced walk, with a band of sward around its outer edge, outlined by a smooth row of dwarf box, for which border it is interesting to know that no less than seven hundred and twenty-five individual plants were required. A row of five bay trees stands along the side of the walk, three others trained to a pyramidal form are the sentinels of the op- posite boundary. This garden is semi-circular at the end. In the curved portion the brick wall has been extended around a small part of the sward, in the center of which stands a small sun-dial surrounded by herbaceous plants. At either end of the entrance to the garden and adjoining the house are the flower beds, one of scarlet geraniums. ‘The trellises at the sides of the porch are covered with wistaria, honey- suckle and other flowering vines. At the left one passes down stone steps to the rose garden, which is laid out into formal beds. Most of these are bril- liant with wealth of blossoms. At the end are golden glows, marigolds, phlox, zinnias, and mignonette. The border nearest to the wall is occupied by a bed of iris, while at each side of the steps are white Lawson and yellow rambler roses. At the farther end is a trellised seat, over which vines are being trained; already, though it is only the second year of their growth, they are becoming luxurious. The inner garden of roses is inclosed by a trellised fence in green and white, along the outside of which extends a long row of hollyhocks, Dutchman’s pipe and carmine pillar roses. The rose beds at the left contain hybrid and perpetual roses planted in five rows, each two shrubs being two feet apart. The beds on the right contain also fifty-nine hybrid per- petual rose shrubs in five rows and a number of sweetbriar roses. During the season of their blossoming the beauty and fragrance of such a garden as this can be more easily imagined than described. Altogether the house and _ its grounds deserve to be considered examples of graceful arch- itecture and tasteful landscape gardening. August, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 315 Fireplaces for the Summer Home By Esther Singleton mental, is inherent in the descendants of the settlers of this country. Even in New York, where thousands of flat-dwellers never see the cheerful blaze of the hearth, the tradition is kept alive in steam-heated apartments by the introduction of so-called decorative chimneypieces—a practice which would make Mr. Ruskin and his followers rightfully shudder. In the country many homes of people 2—A Simple Shelf Affixed Above the Fireplace Takes the Place of the Former Elaborate Mantel of moderate means are heated with a fur- nace in the cellar conveying hot air to the rooms, while the meals are cooked on a kitchen range. Of late years, however, people who like to spend a few months of the year in homes of their own in the coun- try, have returned to the custom of their English, Dutch, and French forefathers and warm the rooms with open fires of blazing logs. An old English saying was that the way to build a house was first to construct the massive chimney and then build the house round it. With the central mast of brick and stone firmly planted in the ground, the rooms could then defy the assaults of frost and tempest. The well-to-do of our great cities, if we may believe the wails of the suffering tradesman, show an inclination to protract their residence in their country homes later year by year, some not returning to town till the approach of Thanksgiving. The pleasures of the fireside, therefore, on rainy days and chilly evenings are greatly en- hanced by the artistic form and decoration of the chimneypiece and hearth with its furnishings. Architects have not been slow to cater to the taste for chimneypieces in the old English style and that of the Dutch as shown in the pictures of the great masters. In many localities the land yields in numbers all too plentiful cobble-stones 1—A Brick Fireplace in a Hall of various forms and sizes. ‘These, in 316 3—The Stones of Which this Fireplace Is Built Were Carefully Selected for Color and Size combination with brick, are in great favor nowadays in the construction of massive chimneys. Their various colors and shapes produce a pleasing mosaic effect and a satisfying sense of solidity. “These are in great favor, especially with artists who go to the country and build studios in which to pursue their work face to face with Nature. A fine example of the primitive type of chimney is shown in Fig. 3. had been tiled instead of planked no fender would have been requisite; and this would have added to its impressive- ness. HHS iii!’ MM Mh MU Ue i Bows a a A Corner of the Garden Showing Some of the Fine Old Yew Trees it Sh yea \ a N . The Overgrown Box Hedge in Front of the Garden Side of the Mansion The Block House Used Still Flourishes in Splendid Growth Brandon when . | September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 331 " 3 ; ooo ib | ls, Ns . PBS Pore s oS eae Ba) = te Refuge by the Families of The Old Garden Laid Out Over Two Centuries Ago, with the Box Hedge Still On one side is the drawing-room; on the other the dining-room, while passages opening beyond lead to the other parts of the house. Each is a room of great size, with vast fireplaces, and pan- eled throughout like the hall. The wainscoting, unfortunately, was greatly injured during the Civil War, when much of it seems to have been torn off by seekers for treasure. “To complete the sketch of the plan of the house it is sufficient to state that an anteroom from the drawing-room gives access to four sleeping-rooms, two on the first floor and two on the second; the opposite wing contains the office and room of the manager of the estate and two guest rooms in the second story. Perhaps no one feature of Brandon is so in- teresting and important as the great gallery of portraits which is hung on the walls of the drawing-room and the dining-room. ‘There are portraits by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Benjamin West, Vandyke, Sir Peter Lely and other celebrated artists, including a collection made in England in the eighteenth century. The portrait of the cele- brated Colonel William Byrd, and the latter’s beautiful daughter, Evelyn, are among the most notable of the whole series and among the choic- est possessions of the house. In the drawing-room is a portrait of Sir Charles Wager, which hangs above the mantel, and continuing around the room to the right are portraits of G. E. Harrison, Sir Robert South- well, Mrs. Evelyn Byrd Harrison, the second wife of Benjamin Harrison, Lady Betty Clay- pole, Evelyn Byrd, Lord Halifax, Earl Egre- mont, Earl Orrery, Mrs. Fitzhugh and Benjamin Harrison. In a case in the corner is a fan which ‘ked by the Indians Tracing the Old Garden Walks 330 son, who has many later deeds, including those to Nathaniel Harrison dated 1698, 1720, 1724 and 1725. The date of Captain Martin’s death is un- known, but at least he was living in 1626-1627; his grave, which is doubtless at Brandon, is un- known and unmarked. The connection between Martin and the Harrisons is not cle An En- sign Harrison, who was probably Harmon Har, rison, came to Virginia in 1608, and was com- plained of, together with Captain Martin, before the First Assembly in 1619. It is possible there was a relationship between the two men, but it is at least certain that Brandon, with its ten thou- sand acres, passed into the Harrison family, and became completely identified with it, for at a very early time it became their ancestral home. The earliest buildings on the plantation were long since swept away to make room for the pres- ent stately mansion, commenced, doubtless, by Colonel Nathaniel Harrison about the middle of the eighteenth century; it was completed by hi son, of the same name. It is thoroughly typical of the old Colonial architecture of Virginia, being built of brick, with two wings. The latter are earlier than the center, the brick being laid in Flemish bond, the northern wing haying black headers. The house is built on a high bluff and is about six hundred feet back from the river. A landing at the water’s edge abuts against a path by which the main entrance i ched. A great central hall, completely wainscoted, fills the cen- ter of the house. Its depth is broken by a triple upported on Tonic column ath one of which rises the stairway that leads to the billiard-room, which is directly over the hall. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 A Corner of the Garden Showing Some of the Fine Old Yew Trees The Overgrown Box Hedge in Front of the Garden Side of the Mansion The Block House Stil Flourishes in Splendid Growth Brandon September, 19 Used a5 @ Refuge by the Families of when Altacked by the Indians ERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS On one side is the drawing-room; on the oth the dining-room, while passages opening beyond lead to the other parts of the house. Each ts a room of it s with vast firepla and pan- eled throughout | the ha The wainscoting, unfortunately, was greatly injured during the Civil War, en much of ems to h torn off by kers for treasur To complete the sketch of the plan of the house it is sufficient to state that an anteroom from the drawing-room gives access to four s g-rooms, two on the floor and two on tl the opposite wing contains the office and room of the manager of the estate and two guest rooms in the second story. Perhaps no one feature of Brandon is so in- teresting and important as the reat gallery of portraits which is hung on the walls of the drawing-room and the dining-ro I are portraits by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Benjamin West, Vandyke, Sir Peter Lely and other celebrated artists, including a collection made in England in the eighteenth century. The portrait of the c brated Colonel William Byrd, and the latter’s beautiful daughter, Evelyn, are among the most notable of the whole series and among the choic- est possessions of the hou In the drawing-room is a portrait of Sir Charles Wager, which hangs above the mantel, and continuing around the room to the right are portraits of G. E. Harrison, Sir Robert South- well, Mrs. Evelyn Byrd Harrison, the second wife of Benjamin Harrison, Lady Betty Clay- pole, Evelyn Byrd, Lord Halifax, Earl Egre- mont, Earl Orrery, Mrs. Fitzhugh and Benjami Harrison. ase in the corner is a fan which The Old Garden Laid Out Over Two Centuries Ago, with the Box Hedge Still Tracing the Old Garden Walks 332 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 _DED LOOK (7x 19 DINING Poor. 22425 OFFICE 14 K19 The Entrance from the Roadway, Showing the Central Building and the Two Wings September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The’ Garden Doorway Still Retains the Bullet Marks of the Civil War AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 So ye Pu pee ammnenl i The Length of the Great Hall Is Divided by a Triple Archway Supported on Ionic Columns Beneath Which Rise the Stairs to the Billiard Room on the Second Floor 3 i = i Over the Drawing-room Mantel Is the Portrait of Sir Charles Wager; to the Left Are Benjamin Harrison and Mrs. Fitzhugh Over the Mirror Is the Earl of Orrery September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS gsi id RS ich The Portrait above the Dining-room Mantel Is that of Governor Alston by Benjamin West; to the Right Are the Duke of Argyll and Benjamin Franklin e es me BSL On the South Wall of the Drawing-room, Beginning on the Right of the Window, Are, in Order, Portraits of Mrs. Benjamin Harrison, Lady Betty Claypole, Governor Parke, Evelyn Byrd and Lord Halifax 336 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS was carried by Evelyn Byrd when she was presented at court in England. Over the mantel in the dining- room is a portrait of Governor Alston, by Benjamin West, and around the room, beginning on the right, are portraits of the Duke of Argyll (Jeanie Deans’ friend), Benjamin Franklin, Mrs. Taylor, Colonel Byrd’s wife's sister, Sir Robert Walpole, the Duke of Albemarle, Colonel William Byrd, Mr. Randall and Mr. Waltho. All told, a goodly company of notable men and women, painted, for the most part, by painters of distinguished eminence. At some distance to the west of the house are brick buildings in- tended for the storage of pro- visions. Beyond them is the family burying ground. ‘The tombs, however, are mostly modern, ex- cept those of Benjamin Harrison and his wives, which were brought here from Old Brandon Church. On the way thither one passes the The Communion Service Presented by John Westhrope to the Parish of Martin’s Brandon. Date about 1659 September, 1907 Virginia, while the owner of large estates, does not appear to have been connected either with Bran- don or Berkeley, the famous seats of this family on the James River. His son, Benjamin Harrison the Second, was born in Surry County, Virginia, in 1645. Colonel Na- thaniel Harrison, the son of the second Benjamin, became the owner of Brandon, and was the first of the family to be definitely associated with the estate. He was born in 1677 and died in 1727. It was his son, likewise, — named Nathaniel, who built the present mansion, or at least its oldest parts. He was born in 1738. He was succeeded in the ownership of Brandon by his third son, Benjamin Harrison, whose portrait still hangs on the walls of the drawing-room of the mansion, together with the portraits of his two wives, the first of whom was Anne, daughter of William Ran- dolph, of Wilton, and the second, Evelyn Taylor, the daughter of Colonel William Byrd, of West- old block house, in which the families of the plantation found over. All these gentlemen filled important public offices in refuge when an attack by Indians was impending. It is built their day, in addition to conducting the large affairs of their of red brick, laid in Flemish bond. The provisions were stored in the cellar and the families oc- cupied the upper part of the struc- ture. The small black spots shown in the photograph are the gun_ holes through which the Attack imostorce could be shot. The cessation of the In- dian wars, however, did not lessen the military dangers which beset Bran- don. It was the seat of considerable mili- tary activity in the Revolution, and the bullet holes made daira o the, Crvil War still deface the moldings of the outer doorways and the adjoining walls. Much internal _in- jury was inflicted at the time, but the family _ portraits and household ef- fects were trans- ported to Richmond, and hence many priceless relics were safely preserved. The first Benja- min Harrison in NORE BSI The Quaint Staircase in the North Wing estates. The latter could at no time have been unimpor- tant, for the acre- age of the planta- tion of Brandon was at all times im- mense, requiring not only constant oversight, but many men and women for its successful culti- vation. To know the old Virginian inti mately, one must go to his ancient home, be greeted by his hospitable de- scendants, eat and drink from his old plate, cultivate an ac- quaintance with his family portraits and wander among the ruins of his garden. Afterward you must take a walk across the park to his family graveyard, and de- cipher the arms and inscriptions of the many tombs inclosed therein. Even then, unless you have Southern blood in your veins, you may not be able to ap- preciate the Vir- ginian cavalier. September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 357 Wonders of the Gourd Vine By E. E. Willcox HE gourd vine is easily one of the most re- markable of horticultural growths. It will produce genuine freaks of nature, and will retain their forms for generations if prop- erly cared for. The product of the gourd vines is not only astonishingly interesting and varied in itself, but it is capable of being applied to all sorts of useful and decorative purposes, which add immensely to the interest of their culture. As the fruits vary greatly in size and shape, even on the same vine, their decorative uses can be equally individual and distinctive. Gourds should be planted in the same manner as pumpkins, watermelons, squashes and cucumbers, but never near them; for being of the same family they readily hydridize when grown in the same vicinity, and the fruit, under such circumstances, will speedily decay. In northern climates it is well to start the seed within doors about the latter part of March. The seed should be planted in three-inch squares of upturned sod, the root end of the seed being placed down and covered to its length with soil. It should be transplanted when the warm weather is certain, and given plenty of sun exposure, training and tying the vine to an ample and strong support. They are lusty climbers, growing a foot or more in twenty-four hours. The large varieties should be tied to their support near the stem, while the large bottles and sugar-troughs must be supported underneath, as otherwise they will tear away from the vine during storms. Hercules clubs, dippers and all the long-necked varieties must hang clear of everything lest they chafe, which causes decay or an imperfect The Large Bottle Gourd Readily Lends Itself to Decoration Sai Lan gerne sa se Ss A Large Bottle Vase with Spoon- Gourd Legs A Column of Hybrids, Golf Sticks, Drum- Major, and Long-Handled Dipper gourd. ‘The fruit should never be distorted during its period of growth with the idea of obtaining a strange shape. Such products are unnatural and of no real interest. It is much more fascinating to hydridize, a work done partly by the plant grower and partly by the bees. “To accomplish this work successfully freely flowering plants should be grown near the vine to be hybridized. The gourds should be grown in groups to secure good results: the long-handled dipper with the novelty gourd; the short-handled dipper with the long-necked bottle; the Hercules club with the long ser- pent. Never plant a Hercules club with a sugar-trough, for they are too widely separated, even if they be somewhat near, and will either be late in fruiting or blast when partly formed. When the plants show signs of flowering, a minia- ture gourd before the buds burst is an indication of a female blossom. ‘This will continue to develop if the bees, in their search for honey, have attacked suficient male blossoms to gather suf- ficient pollen on their legs to bring about the fertilization of the female flower. If the flower develops the result is sure to be as strange and odd as can be desired. When the fruit turns a light or yellow- ish color it has developed sufficiently to be saved. When frosts kill the vine, or moldy spots appear, the fruit may be cut off. The cuticle-like covering may then be scraped away with the edge of a spoon, and the gourd thoroughly washed with a rough cloth. It should then be placed in the sun to dry, or subjected to artificial heat, the drying process, by either method, being one of the utmost importance. The gourds are now ready for decorative treatment. Only the best and most perfect es The Large Bottle Gourd Must be Supported from Above i aaah AMERICAN The Gourd Garden Fully Grown Is Thickly Screened with Handsome Foliage specimens should be used. ‘Take a bottle gourd and cut oft its stem, and you have a flower vase; make a cut further down, and you have a jardiniere, which may be decorated in oil colors as your fancy pleases; make another cut and you have a bowl. This may be decorated in pyrography and used for crackers, fruits or other purposes. Even a plain Hercules club, decorated with pyrography, may be effectively used as a den ornament. They can be transformed into musi- cal instruments, forming horns with quite a real tone, and they can be used as ball clubs for light work. Sugar-troughs can be put to many useful as well as orna- mental purposes, such as jardinieres, seed-dishes and punch bowls, by cutting away a por- tion of the top and dec- orating with oil colors or pyrography. Or they can be turned into drums by cut- ting away a quarter of the top and stretching a parch- ment over the aperture. Among many African tribes these drums have a practical utility. The green skin of a young goat is stretched over the aperture, drawn very tightly and allowed to dry thoroughly. Such drums yield a very penetrating sound when beaten, and are used as a wireless system of communication between sep- arated tribes, each village having its trained drummers who will send these signals from hill to hill for several hundreds of miles. The dipper gourd is the easiest variety to use, and permits of the most useful applications. They make beautiful long-stemed flower HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 vases. Clip off the top and use as a fancy perfume bottle, with a miniature bottle as a stopper. Cutting out a third of the side and neatly sand- papering the edges makes a good dipper and an attrac- tive article for decoration. Cut the bulb part in the middle, rounding the edges with sandpaper, and use the upper part as a calling horn or megaphone, and one will be surprised with the sounds that can be made and the audibleness of words at a considerable distance. The bowl part, when decorated say with bronze designs, py- rography or oil colors, makes an attractive nut-bowl. No change is needed to trans- form this into a child’s eating dish, save a spoon, and this can be formed from a spoon gourd, cut as a perfect spoon. A vase can be made by taking a long bottle gourd and supporting its bulb part by spoon gourds as legs. Miniature bottles can be trans- formed to salts or peppers by puncturing the stem and mak- ing a small aperture on the bottom, which should be closed with a cork. A whole tea set, in fact, can be made from the various varieties that any one can grow easily. If the gourds have turned black or rusty, paint them and cover up their imperfections, for the beauty of their forms will still be preserved. If one is not handy with the brush, they may be decorated with cut-out pictures or with photo- graphs pasted on. In short, by the application of a little taste and ingenuity a host of beautiful and useful objects can be made from this fruit of the garden, a fruit interesting The Gourd Garden in Early Spring Is a Barren Waste of Stones and Base Supports September, 1907 to grow, beautiful to see, and fascinating in the op- portunities it yields to home-made decoration. Of the peculiar shapes in my collection the most singular is the hybrid re- sembling a golf stick. It is as perfect as though made mechanically. The fruit grew with a handle as straight as an arrow, with the bulb part curved, the whole measuring four feet in length. It is a novelty quite unknown to the Department of Agri- culture at Washington. The drum-major’s © stick comes next in novelty. Of smaller varieties, one of the most striking is the egg gourd, which — so The Strangest of All Gourds Is the Golf Stick The Golf-Stick Gourd Has a Practical Utility AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS bam ete A Late Season Growth of Gourds 339 The Drum-Major Gourd closely resembles an egg that an unexpected fall to the ground invariably draws a scream from the unsuspecting. The small varieties, however, do not, as a rule, dry well. There is no labor in- volved in raising gourds that can not be performed with the utmost ease. And the interest they yield is immense. Seeds grown from one _ hybridization one year, may he _hy- bridized again the next, with stranger still results. The foliage is always beautiful, and the vines, quite apart from their fruit, are of real decora- tive value. I cordially commend this vine. Decorating the Gourds Affords Endless Occupation 340 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 Curtains and Draperies By Delia m HIN glass and brocades cover the windows 7 they deprive a room of sunlight; but if the room is without curtains the sunshine is often so strong as to fade the carpet and furniture. To curtain wisely is between these extremes; the tendency to-day is to have the curtain simple. In early days cur- elaborate, and the draping of them no easy tains were often matter. Early inventions of household furnishings were scarce, but curtains were among the earliest kind of decorations. ‘The Renaissance and the expedition of Charles VIII into Italy made them more general. The looms of Holland, England, and France were kept busy weaving materials for furniture coverings and draperies. ‘Tapestries decorated the walls and the window curtains were kept in harmony. During the reign of Louis XII, the materials most com- monly used were tapestry, brocades, and velvets. These heavy hangings were often trimmed with braid, lace, and fringes. The reign of Louis XIV gave more elaborate deco- rations to France. The furniture was exceedingly elaborate, and the cornices for the curtains were made to harmonize. The windows were long and consisted of square panes in a long sash. Outside the window there was usually only one railing. “The window was usually decorated with one cornice; this was sometimes simple, but more often it was carved elaborately. These cornices were either enameled white or Austrian gilded to match the panels and doors, and were ably designed. The window-curtains were just as important as the drap- ings. ‘hose curtains next to the panels were white, made of laces, embroideries, and India muslin. Over these were hung handsome draperies of velvet and silk, often embroid- ered exquisitely and folded with care. In one beautiful suite of the eighteenth century, the room was furnished in jonquil- colored Lyons brocade embroidered with silver flowers. The portiéres were of jonquil taffeta trimmed at the top with silver lace or braid, while the bottom was ornamented with silver fringe. The portieres were of brocade similarly trimmed. The Persian pattern was also exceedingly popular at this time; a sort of figured chintz of white background decorated with flowers and birds. The curtains of Madame de Pompa- dour were always elaborate and of Oriental pattern, painted with little figures of Chinese images. In the reign of Louis XVI, green and yellow taffetas were the prevailing style; these curtains were usually wadded and heavily lined to give a stiff appearance. The favorite design in the time of Marie Antoinette was the winding ribbon alternating with a straight stripe and sprinkled with delicate flowers. The Directoire banished all elaborate trimmings; the key- note of the time was simplicity. The cornice and heavy drapery were abolished, and their place was given to a thin pole and a light silk curtain. Although the Empire restored the gilded cornice and the silk curtain, neither ever regained Flowered Cretonne Curtain for a Living-room Velvet Portiere for the Hall September, 1907 ate Se oe their early splendor, nor did they have as much grace. ‘The arches above the windows are merely artificial, being only wooden frames put up, strained with canvas; after which the same kind of stuff which the curtains are made of is formed to appear like a fan and drapery locked on to it. As early as 1800 the rolling-up blinds and spring-blinds were used, and also the Venetian blinds drawn by pulleys. Sheraton says: “The most fashionable blinds are all of wood painted green, except the frame, which is of mahogany. The blind part is either composed of upright or horizontal narrow laths, an eighth of an inch thick, painted in bright green, and which moves by means of a lever to any position for ad- mitting more or less light. The most approved of at present are with upright laths, and moved by turning a brass knob at the upper side of the frame.” This elaborate window furnishing is no longer fash- ionable, because it is thought foolish extrava- gance to put from two hun- dred to five hundred dollars in a window decoration. Moreover, in draping a window light must be taken into consideration. The idea that prevails now is to cur- tain the window with the thinnest material possible. Where a room is light, har- mony and variety are the laws that govern the selec- tion. It is always in good taste to give the effect of matching the wall paper. This is done by getting a plain material if the wall paper is plain, and a figured curtain with a figured wall paper. The contrast may be made by combining the plain curtain with the figured wall AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Swiss Curtain and Raw Silk for the Bedroom 341 paper. Case window cur- tains hung on a single rod are exceedingly popular these days, and are made of muslin, cut or raw silk. If a double pair are wanted these may be made of cre- tonne or chintz. French chintzes and cretonnes are always in good taste for bedrooms, and are the best material in summer homes. Whether long curtains Just to escape the floor or to the sill are preferable de- pends on certain conditions. Considerable money may be saved by using the shorter curtains: besides if a seat or radiator be in the way the shorter curtain is to be used. The best laces for the par- lor are the Renaissance and Brussels, white curtains be- ing preferable. Cluny and Arabian laces are much used in dining-room and library. For over-curtains there are a great variety of handsome materials—such as velours, silks, silkalene madras, and cre- tonnes. Velours and brocades make heavy draperies and should only be used in costly or elaborately furnished rooms. These may be substituted by tapestries and heavy broadcloths. Heavy curtains are usually out of keeping in bedrooms unless these rooms are furnished handsomely. Muslins and point d’esprit are appropriate for sash curtains, and they may be hung with madras, printed scrims and cider cloths. All these materials are effective when worked in bright colors and attractive patterns. Swiss Sash Curtains and Japanese Silk Drapery 342 For summer homes and cottages cretonnes and colored prints are greatly in vogue. The flowered cretonnes are de- sirable for the bedrooms, but the geometrical and more con- ventionalized figures are better for the rooms below. Raw Silk Portiere for Living-room Great care should be given to the selection of portieres; velours, brocades, and monks’ cloth are appropriate in elab- orate homes, but silks and heavy madras are a wiser selection for apartments. It is to be remembered that the hangings between rooms have a more substantial use than the mere adding a patch of color or softening hard lines. Where there are no doors the portieres take their place, though not as much as the wooden door. It follows, therefore, that these curtains must cut off one room from another and shut off the view and sounds if necessary. Very sheer materials are too flimsy for portieres and are not to be used. Foreign houses are seldom as open as are American homes and are less subject to drafts, but the point to be made for the open rooms is that they appear much larger than they are and are valuable for purposes of enter- taining. ‘The variety of materials which may be used are large. ‘The decorations used upon these materials include embroideries, galloons in woven or dyed designs, stencil or painted decorations. The hanging of the curtain is as important as the material. Where raw silk is used the net and silk may be sewed together and hung on one rod. If the living-room has casement windows the shade can not take the place of a rod; the rod is necessary. As a decorative feature the valance may be _ used effectively, this is especially true when cretonnes and prints AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 are the materials. The valance should be made very full and the side hangings finished with ruffles. Another effec- tive hanging is a plain material with a border used as an outer hanging. Next to the glass is a figured madras. Curtains should always be hung on rods, so that they may be swung open or closed easily; the pole is preferable for _ portieres, and it should match the woodwork of the room. Draperies that are fes- tooned and looped are in exceeding bad taste. They are bad from the standpoint of decoration, and are ruined for all practical pur- poses. The more simply curtains and portieres are draped the better. Color is also an impor- tant point in the selection of curtains. White curtains are always in good taste in bedrooms, and their beauty is enhanced by flowered cre- tonnes that harmonize with the paper. White or yel- low curtains are desirable for the living-rooms, and the draperies and portieres may either blend or offer a pleasant contrast to the wall paper and carpet. In the materials used and the colors adopted there is surely a range of choice sufficient to meet the needs of any one with the most fastidious taste. One pretty summer house has a large living-room that opens on a veranda. It may be shut off by glass doors inlaid with small panes. Before it hangs a handsome China- silk portiere that may be drawn across when the doors are left open. ‘The windows have sash curtains made of the same material, and a handsome embroidered lambrequin is draped above the mantel. An artistic hall is paneled in light oak. The door between the hall and living-room is draped with velvet curtains the same shade as the woodwork. Panels of velvet are placed about the rooms. A velvet curtain is hung at the casement window, and the seat is cushioned with velvet. A spacious living-room has its chairs covered with cre- tonnes. ‘The windows are trimmed with dotted net curtains, while a scarf of cretonne is draped between the living-room and den. A dainty bedroom is covered with cretonne wall paper. The sash-window has a curtain of dotted Swiss, and the long window has a curtain of plain cretonne that offers a pleasing contrast with the wall paper. Another bedroom is paneled with a rich cretonne, while a portiere of cretonne separates bathroom and living-room. Good taste is the basis of all good curtaining, applied with a keen sense of the end sought. September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 343 The Wild Garden A Plea for Our Native Plants By Eben E. Rexford OPPA ANY persons are under the impression that of, we have few, if any, native flowering plants and shrubs that are worthy of cultivation. They have been accustomed to look upon them as “weeds,” or ‘“‘wild things,” for- getting that all plants are ‘‘weeds” and ‘wild things” somewhere, and so unfamiliar are they with them that they fail to recognize them when they meet with them outside their native haunts. Some years ago I transplanted a golden rod from a fence-corner of the pasture, and gave it a place in the garden. ‘There it grew luxuriantly, and soon became a great plant that sent up scores of stalks each season as high as a man’s head, each one crowned with a plume of brilliant yellow flowers that lighted up the corner of the garden where it grew like a bonfire. One day an old neighbor came along and leaned over the fence to chat with me as I worked among my plants. ‘““That’s a beauty,” he said, looking at the golden rod. ‘‘T don’t know’s I ever saw anything like it before. [ reckon, now, you paid considerable money for that plant.” ‘How much do you think it cost me?” I asked. “Oh, I don’t know,” he replied, looking at the plant admir- ingly, and then at some of foreign origin near by. The price of these he knew something about, for he had one of them growing in his own garden. He seemed to be making a mental calculation, based on the relative beauty of the plants, and presently he said: ‘‘I wouldn’t wonder if you paid as much as three dollars for it. How near have I come to it?” “That plant cost me nothing but the labor of bringing it from the pasture,” I answered. ‘Don’t you know what it is? There’s any quantity back of your barn, I notice.” “You don’t mean to say that’s yellow-weed?” exclaimed the old gentleman with a disgusted look on his face. “I wouldn’t have it round my yard. We’ve got weeds enough without settin’ ’em out.’ He went away with a look on his face that made me think he felt as if he had been imposed on. While it is true, in many instances, that “familiarity breeds contempt,” it is equally true that familiarity without prejudice would open our eyes to the fact that beauty exists all about us—in the lanes, the fields, and the forests. We are not aware of the prevalence of it until we go in search of it. If we go out with “the seeing eye,’ we find it everywhere. Nothing is so plentiful, or so cheap, as beauty, to the lover of the beautiful. It may be had for the taking. We have fallen into the habit of looking to foreign lands for plants with which to beautify our grounds, thus neglecting and ignoring the beauty at our own doors. A shrub with a long name and a good big price attached will win our admiration, while a more beautiful native one is wholly overlooked. This ought not to be so. ‘Home first, the world afterward,” is the motto of many patriotic men and women, and it ought to be the motto of the lover of the beautiful in plant-life, when he is seeking for something with which to ornament the home grounds. Many persons have, however, become inerested in our native plants, and it is apparent that the interest of the masses in whatever is beautiful is steadily increasing. It is an indi- cation of education along a line where next to nothing has been done when we see that the taste of the amateur is be- coming keen enough to appreciate native beauty to such an extent that a demand has sprung up for shrubs and plants of American origin. ‘They are beginning to sell, the dealers tell us, and the fact that the florist finds there is money in growing native plants for the market is a most encouraging sign. Appreciation of true beauty is putting a value into things which have heretofore had no idea of value connected with them. But the dominant idea I have in mind in writing this article is to enlist the boys and girls in the work of making a col- lection of native plants. I want them to make what we call a ‘“‘wild garden’’; in other words, a garden composed wholly of American plants, gathered from the field and forest. Such a garden can be of great educational value, and, at the same time, ornamental. It can be made to assist in the de- velopment of patriotic as well as esthetic ideas. It can be made to stimulate a healthy rivalry among the children as to who shall have the most complete collection of native plants. In the care and culture of these plants they will gain a skill and knowledge that may be of much benefit to them in the future, and possibly to the world. Who knows ?—we may have among us a young Linnaeus, or a Humboldt, and the making of a wild garden may tend to the discovery and the development of a talent which coming years may make us proud to do honor to the possessor of. I would suggest the formation of a wild garden society in each village or neighborhood. Organize little expeditions into the surrounding country in search of shrubs and plants. Take with you a good-sized basket and something to dig your plants with, when found—and your dinner. Every such excursion can be made a sort of picnic, and I venture the prediction that your first trip to the woods will not be your last one, by any means. The search for plants must be begun early in the season if they are to be transplanted in spring, for it would not be safe to attempt their removal after they have begun to make active growth. April is a good time to look up your plants, and May a good time to bring them home. Later on, if you come across a plant that seems desirable, mark the place where it grows so that it can be readily found, and transplant it to the home grounds in fall, after its leaves have fallen. In transplanting shrubs and herbaceous plants, study care- fully the conditions under which they have grown, and aim to make the conditions under which they are to grow as sim- ilar to the original ones as possible. Of course you will be able to do this only approximately, in most instances, but come as near it as you can, for much of your success depends onit. You can give the plants a soil similar to that in which they were found growing, and generally, by a little fore- thought and some planning, you can arrange for exposure to sunshine, or a shaded location suited to the requirement of the plants. Very often it is possible to so locate them that moisture-loving plants can have a damp soil by planting them in low places or hollows where water stands for some time after a rain, while those which prefer dry soils can be given places on knolls and stony places from which moisture drains off rapidly. In order to do this part of the work well, you will find it necessary to study your plants well before remoy- ing them from their home in the woods and fields. Aim to make the change as easy as possible for them. This can be done only by imitating natural conditions, or the conditions under which they have been growing up to the time when you undertake their domestication. (Concluded on Page 360) 344 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 WA | VE/sT. “0p \\ = KITCHENS) ES LAUNDRY JE= >. CHINA LIVING ROoM. 2. oe at ae | Rod HALLYP fH ise i poet ststott oa : toro SRoTaESy x Sars > on melee ay as TORE An Exposure on Three Sides Gives Ample Ventilation and Light to the Living-room HOUSE of more than passing moment is that built for E. H. Fay, Esq., at Wellesley Hills, Mass. It is built of secondhand brick, and follows the general character of the New England farmhouse. The brick used for the exterior of the walls were taken from a city dwelling which had been torn down, and after being partly cleaned, but with some of the mortar clinging to them, they were rebuilt into the walls of this house. ‘There are no stone trimmings of any kind; the terrace and piazza being laid in brick, in herringbone fashion. ‘There are no stone lintels or sills; the wooden sills being carried over are enough to cover the brick. The shingled roof is left to weather finish. At each side is a large outside chimney. The entrance has a quaint Dutch door, with brass knocker, which opens into the square hall in the center of the house, that contains a Colonial staircase. ‘The second floor is framed entirely on oak beams which were cut on the estate and hewn roughly into shape; they are exposed in the rooms below, giving the old-fashioned beamed ceiling effect. The great living-room is at the left of the entrance. It has exposures on three sides, and contains a large open fireplace, which is in the center of the outside wall. It has facings and hearth of brick, and a mantel of simple and artistic design. The woodwork is | An Old-Brick Hous Wellesley Hill By Joh The Entrance Porch and : The Bricks Used for this House Were Taken from an Old Dwelling in Boston and Used for the Outer Walls September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 345 ion ise 20OFF. OF) ae Ln. ya ON ror of Interesting Form Massachusetts Jenks 1p. ri ll Lat A Brick Fireplace Is the Feature of the Dining-room of oak finished in an effective manner, and its simple lines harmonize well with the crimson walls and the fine old pieces of Colonial furniture with which the room is furnished. The dining-room, which is to the right of the entrance, forms an important element in the vista upon entering the hall. It is trimmed with oak, and is finished in a simple manner, with oak beams showing in the ceiling and in the walls. An open fireplace with brick facings and hearth and a mantel of simple design is the chief feature of this room. A large china closet, with dresser and sink, separates the dining-room from the kitchen and laundry. Both of the latter are fitted up complete with all the best modern conveniences. The arrangement of the bed-rooms on the second floor is the best possible for light, air and convenience, as each room is exposed on three sides. ‘The stairway is quite an unusual one, with a combination for two different uses of the stairs from the second landing into two different halls. There are four bedrooms on this floor, three of which have open fireplaces, as well as a bathroom. ‘The servants’ bedrooms and trunk-room are in the third floor. There is a heating apparatus and fuel-rooms in the cellar, which is built under the entire house. Mr. Philip B. Howard, of Boston, Mass., was the architect, and the cost was less than if it had been built of new materials. « Terrace Before the House The House Frankly Reproduces the Character of an Old New England Farmhouse _ a AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 344 | ee September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 345 1 Orv AAT WM Uhh Wh im Sf TORY, An Exposure on Three Sides Gives Ample Ventilation and Light to the Living-room f= on A Brick Fireplace Is the Feature of the Dining-room HOUSE of more than passing moment is that built for E. H. Fay, Esq., at Wellesley Hills, Mass. It is built of secondhand brick, and follows the general character of the New England farmhouse. The brick used for the exterior of the walls were taken from a city dwelling which had been torn down, and after being partly cleaned, but with some of the mortar clinging to them, they were rebuilt into ~ the walls of this house. There are no stone trimmings of any kind; the terrace and piazza being laid in brick, in herringbone fashion. There are no stone lintels or sills; the wooden sills being carried over are enough to coyer the brick. The shingled roof is left to weather finish. At each side is a large outside chimney. An Old-Brick House of Interesting Form Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts By John E. Jenks of oak finished in an effective manner, and its simple lines harmonize well with the crimson walls and the fine old pieces of Colonial furniture with which the room is furnished. The dining-room, which is to the right of the entrance, forms an important element in the vista upon entering the hall. It is trimmed with oak, and is finished in a simple manner, with oak beams showing in the ceiling and in the walls. An open fireplace with brick facings and hearth and a mantel of simple design is the chief feature of this room. A large china closet, with dresser and sink, separates the dining-room from the kitchen and laundry. Both of the latter are fitted up complete with all the best modern conveniences. The entrance has a quaint Dutch door, with brass knocker, which opens into the square hall in the center of the house, that contains a Colonial staircase. The second floor is framed entirely on oak beams which were cut on the estate and hewn roughly into shape; they are exposed in the rooms below, giving the old-fashioned beamed ceiling effect. The great living-room is at the left of the entrance. It has exposures on three sides, and contains a large open fireplace, which is in the center of the outside wall. It has facings and hearth of brick, and a mantel of simple and artistic design. The woodwork is The Bricks Used for this House Were Taken from an Old Dwelling in Boston and Used for the Outer Walls The Entrance Porch and Brick Terrace Before the House | The arrangement of the bed-rooms on the second floor is the best possible for light, 1 air and convenience, as each room is exposed on three sides. The stairway is quite an unusual one, with a combination for two different uses of the stairs from the second landing into two different halls. There are ; four bedrooms on this floor, three of which have open fireplaces, as well as a bathroom. ‘The seryants’ bedrooms and trunk-room are in the third floor. There is a heating apparatus and fuel-rooms in the cellar, which is built under the entire house. Mr. Philip B. Howard, of Boston, Mass., was the architect, and the cost was less than if it had been built of new materials. The House Frankly Reproduces the Character of an Old New England Farmhouse 346 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 ae sl Seceamnnsee ae The Terrace Before the Entrance Front of the House of Thomas Nash, Esq. September, 1907 The Summer Home of Thomas Nash, E'sq. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 347 aN ~ R Rie Re, Ki fl i ii At East Hampton Long Island By Mary Watson SLSR eT {VERY individual dwelling must be, to a certain extent, a product of circumstances, % for the reason that it must conform to the , life of the family who are to inhabit it. ' The plans must be arranged for the needs of the family, and the extra design must be influenced by the environments sur- rounding the site upon which the house is to be built. Having settled these two points, the restrictions lie only in the ma- terials which are to be selected for its construction, and the amount of money to be spent in its erection. ‘There is also another feature which is important, and that is, the treat- ment of the interior decorations in har- mony with the fur- nishings which the various rooms are to contain. the summer house at East Hampton, Long Is- land, which is illus- tmated! im these pages, was built for with a hood supported on Ionic columns, leads to the door- way. ‘The exterior of the house is covered with shingles, which are left in their natural state, weathering to a silver gray color, and harmonizing with the ivory-white painted trim. The doorway opens into a square hall, whose walls are paneled with cypress from the floor to the ceiling and stained a soft brown. There is a good deal of quaint antique furniture placed along the walls. ‘The joists of the ceiling are exposed to view and are stained. An unobtrusive stair- case rises at the side of the entrance. To the right of the hall is the living-room, which is treated in a similar manner with paneled walls and exposed ceiling timbers, all stained and finished in a soft brown tone, lhe colar scheme of “the room is good and harmonizes well with its furnishings. There is a large open fireplace built of red brick, with facings and hearth Thomas Nash, Esq., of New York, who was also its archi- tect. The site is a cor- ner one, and the house stands with its end facing the main thoroughfare, from which a drive- way extends in and anc own da: “circle placed in front of the entrance at the side of the house. A terrace with a floor paved with brick and reached by stone steps ex- tends across the en- trance, connecting with the covered piazza on the side. Biay stteies and hydrangeas lend a tone or color, to the approach. A platform, covered CSUs Tt + os A Fine Doorway Gives a Distinct Character to the House Of tive Same; 2 carved mantel shelf, supported on carved brackets, completes the chimney fixtures. An alcove, raised two steps from the main floor, com- pletely inclosed with glass windows and surrounded with paneled seats, is an attractive feature of this room. French windows open onto the piazza, which is inclosed with glass and finished as an outdoor living- room. ‘The den is fitted up in an_at- tractive manner. The dining-room has paneled walls similar to those of the hall, which are stained in a reddish- brown color to har- 348 AMERICAN, HOMES AND "GARDENS September, 1907 = REAR PORCH CHAMBER. CHAMBER SITTING R'¥ ; ITTING RIM SERVANT el ] __ | CHAMBER DRESSING a PLAN OF FIRST FLOOR HOVSE FOR THOMAS NASH, ESQ., EASTHAMPTON, LONG ISLAND | | |e ee = TWO ROOMS, BATH, AND STORAGE, ON THIRD FLOOR The House Grounds Are Agreeably Planted with Shrubs and Flowers September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 349 ay The Walls of the Living-room Are Paneled with Cypress, Stained a Soft Brown 350 monize with the ma- hogany furniture with which the room is furnished. An open fireplace with Welsh tile hearth and facings and an_attractive mantel, and the bay window, with case- ment frames, are the features of the dining-room. The butler’s pan- try is fitted up with sink and_ dresser, and by communicat- ing with the kitchen through a servants’ hall and _ staircase forms a double iso- lation of the kitchen and its dependen- cies, and_ prevents any possibility of the kitchen odors penetrating the re- mainder of the house. The kitchen and laundry are well fitted with all the best modern con- veniences, and the servants’ hall is also AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A Side Porch Leading from the Terrace Dignity Is Maintained in the Hall with Its Paneled Walls and Antique Furnishings September, 1907 a good feature and a necessary one for a well equipped house. These apart- ments are trimmed with yellow pine treated with a hard oil paint. An _ in- closed clothes yard at the rear of the house is an impor- tant annex to the country house. The second floor is trimmed with white wood and_ painted ivory white; it con- tains the owner’s suite, consisting of a large bedrooms, dressing-room and bathroom, and two guest rooms and bathrooms. The bedrooms have am- ple closets, and two of them have open fireplaces with tiled facings. The ex- tension over the kitchen contains three servants’ bed- rooms and a_bath- room. ‘The furnace is in the cellar. September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 350 Something Concerning Driveways By George H. Miller 4 OADMAKING is commonly supposed to be Y the work of the engineer. It is because of that supposition that so many of our drives and roadways in parks and private places are permanent eyesores to the traversers and so unbecoming to their locations as to render the best treatment of adjoining grounds impossible. ‘The temperament of the successful engineer is not the esthetic temperament. So before settling upon the location of a drive because it is the shortest or per- haps by a trifle the most economic, we should stop and con- sider the very many things which will affect and be affected by it, and which may eventually make it the longest, meanest and most extravagant. Since every piece of property offers new opportunities and problems to be solved, it would be impossible to lay down any set of rules concerning the rela- tion of a drive to the general division of the parts; yet there are a few facts concerning treatments that certainly should be suggestive to those who have the subject before them. If a road is straight and of some length it should be edged with an avenue of trees with the lines converging into some object of substantial interest. An avenue perspective is very fascinating with the distances diminishing between the tree trunks and the lights and shadows playing on the cool ground. The small, round-headed trees have a formal effect in both shape and shadow, but the taller, graceful, arching elms lend the rarest dignity and airy shade. One method is to plant the elm type on one side to admit the air and the maple on the other to furnish shade, but this arrangement gives a one-sided and hardly justifiable appearance. A double row on each side is more effective. For instance, a row of gingkos in front of a denser foliaged tree makes an attrac- Adapt the Drive to the Landscape, Not the Landscape to the Drive oe Se NO The Carriage Drive Should Approach the House Parallel with the Front tive avenue, though very formal and perhaps with a weak- ened shade. Never should a pyramidal tree be overarched with the branches of one like the elm, but the well colored foliage of a small deciduous tree is quite effective in front of the darker, stronger green of the taller pointed ever- greens. Always retain a single variety in a single row rather than introduce different colors, thereby lessening the dignity. An avenue should be plain, stately, symmetrical and clean. Oc- casionally a formal curved road is edged with evenly spaced trees to carry out a more important feature, on which its regularity is based, but the trees on the outer edge will surely have a foreshortening and cramping effect. The inside row should be lost in a thickened group, shutting off the discordant view of the trunks beyond. But even though the shortest dis- tance to a destination is by the straight path, yet among the natur- ally trodden paths and roads there is seldom found a straight line. While the avenue still retains its ever-pleasing effects, the graceful movement and diversified charm of the irregular naturally curved drive is superseding it in popularity. As a rule the curved road should not be treated with avenue planting, but rather with naturalized grouping at the sharper curves linked with spec- imens on an open ereensward, a treatment lending change and free- 352 Break the Monotony with Heavy Striking Masses Which Serve Excellently in Improving the General Appearance of the Grounds dom and more in harmony with the spirit of the drive. Do not crowd it with detail that requires time and study to ap- preciate, but rather break the monotony with heavy, striking masses, which can perform important functions in the general building of the grounds. ‘The inside of a curve should always have some planting to prevent the desire to cut cross- corner while still inviting to surprises further on. An architectural erection, designed as prescribed by the style of the house, adds stateliness and beauty to an entrance. The planting should, as far as possible, make the immediate surroundings a part by itself, and always out of view of the house. ‘The tall evergreens have a very signal effect, and the dwarf varieties, artistically arranged, are of inestimable value in creating a permanent for- mality so desirable in such a place. If possible, there should be a sep- arate entrance from a minor thor- oughfare for the service drive, which is distinctly for the accommo- dation of kitchen, coal-chute, re- frigerator, stable and pit. At any rate, never allow the carriage drive to pass the service parts of a place, perhaps forcing the passer to peep into the domestic ways of the em- ployees or to scan the family wash sunning on the laundry green. The carriage drive should approach the house parallel with its lines, and its immediate settings should be part of the study of house design, never neglecting to pave the portion where the horses stand under the porte cochere with cement or other washable material supplied with a drain. Although a drive is usually requi- site, it is not a necessary evil in a landscape, and yet should be as inconspicuous as possible, always occupying a position bordering or dividing parts of grounds. Never AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 adapt the landscape to the drive, but the drive to the landscape. If you have a soft, open lawn, do not cut it with the hard lines of the drive, but rather blend the drive in its borders, making it a seemingly natural part of its composition, showing no evidence of the material cuts or fills, engineering difficulties or signs of other efforts in its construction, but appearing in har- monious formation with its adjoin- ings, as if nature had shaped its position and course. It being a means to an end, make it a pleasing and attractive one, a perfect fea- ture and a part of the larger scheme, possessing individual charm and beauty, introducing and reflect- ing the tastes to be expected at the end. It is interesting to study roads and drives from the point of view just stated. ‘The observing ruralist will find much to interest and in- struct in taking notes of such mat- ters. More important and helpful will be the training and judgment that one will unconsciously acquire. Comparatively few persons understand there is an art of road designing that is quite distinct from road making. Even the latter is hardly understood as it should be; but the former is almost com- pletely unknown and unappreciated because the fundamental principles underlying it are not generally recognized. The road should be designed exactly as the house is de- signed and the floral planting. It is true the road has a utili- tarian use, but, in rural regions, it has a beauty use that is often of the most important kind. A road should be more than a mere line between two points, but should, in its form, its direction and the planting on its borders, directly con- tribute itself to the esthetic effect of the scene. The Foliage of a Deciduous Tree Is Very Effective in Front of the Darker and Stronger Evergreens September, 1907 A age &, aay. ¢ , ae Me 7 Ue ae pe f : EADS : (‘5 wae i rf Bate: yi ae =) ca = SF Lincoln, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 7s a; oot a w.o Cre . The House of J. Massachusetts 353 Die Ay ee zy OG OPTS as Ce ra Paley = Ree: Mh ror Mies wills ‘| us J. Storrow, Esq. By Ralph de Martin R. STORROW’S house is planned with an open forecourt in which the entrance porch is built. It is a spacious structure, designed on very agreeable but simple lines. It is a house that bases its appeal to the spectator wholly on its structure. Built of Harvard brick, its exterior is absolutely without or- namental features save for the bands of enameled tile let into its walls, and the patterns—diamonds and triangles—of the same material disposed at various intervals. These ele- ments of decoration are so cleverly used, and are themselves so good, that they give a strong individuality to a structure whose elevations themselves are good and interesting. ‘The chief string course on each front is formed of green Mercer tiles, square, set diagonally—brilliant little notes of color disposed in the brick of the main wall set verti- cally. Other bands or string courses are formed of the Harvard brick, ar- ranged in an_ individual way, so that the perfectly flat surfaces of these walls contain, within themselves, a good deal of structural variety. The triangles and diamonds are somewhat bolder in their treatment, since a greater variety of colors are used, and some attempt at pattern orna- ments made. But their whole effect is extremely harmonious, and they thoroughly well fulfil their function of giving variety to a wall otherwise nearly plain. The poly- chrome decoration thus in- troduced is everywhere kept in complete control, and there is no attempt anywhere to use the col- ored tile other than as decorative adjuncts. The entrance front has two gable ends, one on each wing inclosing the forecourt. | Lhe brick walls rise clear to the = ae A Niched Wall Fountain Is at Each End of the Sun Parlor eaves, but the window treatment is different in each, and thus a structural modification is obtained at the outset. The curtain wall inclosing the center of the building is perfectly flat save in the center, where it is projected forward slightly for the entrance porch and a gable at the summit. ‘The porch is a graceful, simple little structure, with a projected roof with oak beams upheld on two Roman Doric columns of gray stone. The columns have capitals of white marble, and the roof is edged with green copper. The exposed rafters and widely projected roof suggest Japanese motifs in a very delightful way. The entrance door has two narrow windows, glazed to the floor, on the sides, the three being in- closed under a single segmental arch. Both frame and arch are without moldings, the opening being emphasized only by the set of the brick. ‘There is a large segmental topped window above the porch and a smaller one of the same general shape in the third story. The window treatment of the adjoining walls varies in each wing. Whe terrace or inner front exhibits a perfectly straight wall. Its prin- ciple feature is the center, where the wall is con- tinued above the eaves of the roof, and is crowned with a group of windows, which constitute a loggia in the third story. The roof of this part is carried on widely exposed oak beams. A ravishing view of the surrounding country can be had from the loggia, the outlook being of wonderful extent. The windows of the front have segmental tops without frames, save for the set- ting of the arch bricks. [here are no inserted panels on this front, and but a single band of di- agonal square green Mer- cer tile. A noticeable fea- ture of all the openings of this house, including the 354 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARD ENS September, 1907 to the second story are of white marble, on which is a green carpet. The second-story hall has a floor of Moravian tile, and walls of pale green. The stairs to the third story are similar to the lower ones, but the steps here are of white tiles. They lead directly to the billiard-room, placed at the top of the house. It has a semicircular roof, the walls being paneled in walnut to the be- ginning of the vault. There is an alcove in the front of the room, lighted by the wide window in the apex of the central gable of the entrance front; it is completely lined with walnut on all three sides. The room is lighted by brass sidelights, and six great lamps hang above the billiard table. On the opposite side it opens directly onto the loggia at the summit of the inner front. It is paved with brick, and affords, as has been said, enchanting views across the coun- try. The top of the roof is utilized as an observatory and resting place, and here the whole countryside may be viewed in every direction. The chief rooms of the house are, of course, on the first floor and adjoin the hall. The living-room is on the right, with win- dows on the inner front, and is reached by a door toward the back of the hall. It is covered with a rounded vault, segmental in section, rising in three great curves across its breadth. Its walls are paneled in plaster, with wood moldings, in white and The Projecting Roof of the Entrance Porch Is Distinctly Japanese In Feeling French gray, the panels above the base doors and windows of both fronts, is the iron-barred mosquito screens with which they are fitted. Unlike most screens of this description, these are highly orna- mental as well as protective, and add greatly to the effect of the windows. It is more important to note that the house is of fireproof construction throughout, with Guastavino system to the third story and hollow tiles above. The house is entered through a small, low vestibule, with walls paneled in wood and a glazed door opening into the hall. This is a large square room, occupying the exact center of the house, with windows in the opposite wall opening into an inclosed porch or loggia. It is floored with the warm red Moravian tiles, which are more and more coming into use for exactly this purpose. The walls are of Caen stone, with plain wide borders around the doors and other openings, giving the effect of panels. ‘he doors themselves are either glazed or of hard wood, arranged in large plain panels. ‘The room is covered with a light colored Guastavino vault, rising from a plain band-like cornice. The fireplace is on the left; it has a Caen stone mantel with- out facings, but is lined with red brick. A stone seat is placed against the wall op- posite the mantel, and above it is hung a piece of tapestry. The stairs to the second floor ascend on the right of the entrance door. The steps The Loggia on the Summit of the Entrance Front Opens from the Billiard-room His i Ht if i i) ss as ee f H iF g! September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The House Is Built of Harvard Brick, with Bands and Ornaments of Brightly Colored Mercer Tiles wainscot extending to the ceiling with curved tops. Book- lined with brick. On each side are two huge sofas covered cases line the walls at each end, being thus on each side of with mouse-colored velvet. Most of the other furniture is the entrance door and on each side of the window in the covered with crimson damask. The window curtains are middle of the opposite wall. The fireplace is beneath the turquoise blue velour, and the floor is of hard wood, on central arch on the right as one enters; it has a plaster mantel, which is spread an Oriental rug. ‘The room is lighted by The Hall Is Paved with Moravian Tiles and Has a Vaulted Ceiling AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 The Study Is Completely Shelved for Books. It Has a Wood Mantel with Red Brick Facings, a Red and Blue Rug and Leather Furniture The Dining-room Is Paved with Moravian Tiles and Is Paneled to the Ceiling in Oak September, 1907 bronze sidelights fixed to the walls. A door at the further cor- ner of this room gives en- trance to the study, which is situated at the corner of the entrance front, but which has no direct connec- tion with the hall. It is a library in a very true sense, the walls being lined with built-in bookcases com- pletely around the room, save where they are inter- rupted by the chimney breast. The wood is oak, and the mantel is of the same material, faced and lined with red brick. The book shelves extend solidly from floor to ceiling, the lowest section of each set of uprights consisting of a drawer. The hardwood floor has an Oriental rug, and the furniture is cov- ered with greenish-brown leather. The window cur- tains are white, and the white ceiling is perfectly plain save for a simple molding on the edge. The room has windows on two sides, those on the hill front being provided with built-in seats. The dining-room is on the right of the entrance, and is entered directly from the hall. It has a floor of Moravian tiles hexagonal in pattern, thus differing from the. other tiling in the house. The walls are solidly lined throughout with oak, the boards being placed upright, with large square panel-markings made by a dark line. A narrow molding suffices for the cornice, and the ceiling is plain and white. The fireplace has a facing of mottled green marble, with a lining of red brick. A narrow shelf above it is supported on simple brackets. An old gold mirror hangs on the wall above. The room is lighted by side lights. “The window curtains are of thin white silk. One end of the dining-room is glazed, that is to say, is. almost completely occupied, filled by three great windows. AMERICAN 1WOMES AND GARDENS The Arched Roof of the Living-room Makes It Unusually Cool and Airy oo These open into an_ in- closed porch, which consti- tutes the breakfast-room. The walls and piers are wholly of brick; the floor is paved with Moravian tiles. ‘There is a beautiful outlook into the adjoining woodland from the outer windows of this room. A pantry adjoins the dining- room, but the kitchen, laun- dry and other service rooms are in the basement, which open onto a lower part of the hill on which the house is built. The surrounding grounds have been treated with a good deal of taste and care. The loggia in the center of the house opens onto a small brick space, covered with an iron frame and awning. All the ground without forms a_ terrace, beautifully grassed, inclosed at each end with a stone wall. The whole of the front of the house is inclosed within a great outer court extending well beyond the forecourt formed by the house walls. It has a low stone wall, emphasized at the entrance with low piers. Vines are already making good headway upon it, and the border inside is planted with flowers and shrubs. The boundary wall extends around the kitchen yard to the left, where the driveway reaches a lower level. Here the basement of the house is built of stones, with segmental windows and arches to support the super- structure. The stable is a building of some size, consisting of a cen- ter and two wings disposed around a central court. It is built of Harvard brick, like the house, relieved by a single band of tile. It is roofed with square tiles, green, yellow and brown. Its courtyard is inclosed within a wooded fence, painted green. Higher up, toward the house, is the tennis court, on its own special plateau and quite high above the entrance drive. The Stable and Carriage House Is Disposed Around an Open Court; It Is Built of Brick with a Slate Roof 358 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 New Ant Lore By George Bullock HE red weaver-ant, which is wide-spread in the tropical Indies, the Malay Archipelago and Polynesia, inhabits globular leaf-nests in colonies. Such a nest is formed by joining together the edges of adjacent leaves with silky webs. It is not very easy to ob- serve the little creatures at their work, as they endeavor to scare off every intruder by death-defying at- tacks in force. An observer, Dr. F. Doflein, who, in a high tree-top in Ceylon (defying the itching biting), made a rent in such a nest, saw how a detachment separated itself from the hundreds of little defensive animals and sought to repair the rent. ‘The female working-ant digs the sharp claws of her two pairs of hind legs into the smooth leaf, the forelegs and antenne high in the air, and the masticators open for biting. A repair detachment, drawn up in a straight line beside each other, grasps the edge of the other leaf in their jaws and draws it nearer to the edge of their own leaf, while the little creatures, fixing the claws of all six feet in the leaf, carefully set one foot round the other backward, and at the same time thereby draw the edge of the further leaf nearer. Other female working ants hurry hither, biting off the still clinging remnants of tissue, and bearing them to the ends of leaves or of branches, where, simultaneously letting go, as if at word of command, they cast to the winds the conjointly detached shreds. After much exertion the repairers brought the leaf edges so close together that the actual work of weaving could begin. ‘There now appeared female workers with larve between their jaws, and moved the pointed end of the larve back and forth, from edge to edge, each time pausing a little, that the spinning thread that was being detached from the larve might take hold upon the edge of the leaf. In one of the accompanying figures can be seen the tongs-like, larve-clasping jaws of the weavers, who were now in the manner described covering the rent with a thick, silky web. The web is so tough that it may be cut with scissors. The weaver-ants make use, then, in its manufacture of their larve at once as distaffs and as shuttles. They are the only animals among whom, so far, the use of a tool has been observed. In the construction of the globular leaf-nests the presence of cochineal-insect colonies is especially attractive, as the excretions of these creatures are a real treat to the ants. If we betake ourselves from India to South America, here, too, are found ants that are good at weaving. More remarkable, however, there are the leaf-cutter ants, which lay out, manure, weed and reap regular fungus-gardens. The leaf-cutter or dragging-ants are so named from their attack- ing in dense swarms shrubs and bushes, cutting out pieces of leaves and dragging them long distances into their nests, always built covered, where the pieces of leaves furnish the subsoil for fungus-gardens. These female leaf-cutters often in a short time entirely strip shrubs and saplings of their foliage. The cutting out of the pieces of leaves they accom- plish by turning upon their hind legs as a center and roundly cutting out a piece of leaf, as with a pair of scissors, with their saw-like jaws pressed together. Though the pieces of leaves often have four times the length and several times the weight of the ant, they are yet conveyed over paths which take the little creatures hours to travel. The paths unite in a highway, where from all sides laden working-ants con- verge and present a peculiar appearance—rows of curiously formed pieces of leaves totteringly moving forward, under which the bearers almost disappear. These dragging-ants are eminently skilful road- and vault-engineers. With their jaws they tear off in the course of the way to be built one small bit of earth after another, and pile them right and left in a wall; elsewhere they vault the way over till it be- comes invisible. Certain female workers hurrying, without employment, hither and thither upon the way look after the improvement of the roads. They form in a certain measure a flying-column, which has to remove the obstacles to traffic often found upon the way. The fungus-raising ants (of which there are several kinds) build their nests in cavities underground, under stones, roots of trees, the bark of inwardly rotting, fallen tree- trunks—in fine, everywhere where either they are well cov- ered by nature externally, or where they themselves, by means of piling up leaves and twigs, can manufacture a pro- tecting covering. On the inside of the nests is found merely a gray, sponge-like, incompact mass, which extends up to two yards in length and several handbreadths in height, but never reaches to the walls of the cavities. In the spongy growth, which abounds in apertures, the ants actively work, and their eggs, larve and pupe lie scattered around. What, however—contrary to all expectation—are not discovered in the nest are the quantities of pieces of leaves brought in, whose loss bushes and shrubs are mourning. Have the ants eaten the pieces of leaves? No; for the creatures have been kept imprisoned, and they prefer going hungry to feeding on leaves. When, however, they were given something from the incompact, gray, flocculent mass of fungus, then they at once began to use this “‘free estate” in the laying-out of a fungus-garden, to which they gave the chopped-leaf ma- terial as fostering subsoil. The pieces of leaves are cut up into many little bits by means of chewing and pressure. The bits are thoroughly soaked, kneaded and shaped, and finally inserted in the fungus-garden as systematically as a mason presses down into its bed the last brick into a new, just- laid course. Ants, as is well known, sometimes desert their homes. When, in consequence of unwelcome disturbances, the ants leave their nest, then the fungus-garden is taken along. It is, as manifold experiments have indubitably shown, their only source of nourishment. They eat the little globules, rich in plasma, which appear to the naked eye merely as white dots on the surface of the mass of fungus. By means of minutely exact experiments it is established that only this one fungus, and no others, grows upon the carefully constructed fos- tering-soil. Foreign material is weeded out, while an enor- mous number of the smallest female working-ants continually removes the foreign filaments and spores of fungus acci- dentally dragged in, which might overgrow the garden. We here have before us, then, pure cultures, carried out by ani- mals, of a wholly definite fungus. These ants too, are infected by the modern colonizing . spirit. When a queen of the ants burrows into the earth after the marriage flight and plants a new colony, shut off from the outside world, occupied only with egg-laying and the breed- ing of her young, she has nevertheless then brought with her from the old nest “free estate’ for the laying out of a fungus-garden. Of the extraordinarily remarkable proceed- ings at the planting of such a colony, Dr. Jakob Huber-Para recently published his observations made upon the genus Atta sexdens in several series of experiments. We see in September, 1907 the illustration a breeding-cave of a mother of ants, and a little fungus-garden in it. How did it get in? From the old nest the little 4tta female took along in the back part of her mouth-cavity a tiny globular flock as a nucleus. This flock consists of filaments of fungus and chopped-leaf material, and furnishes the foundation for a new fungus-garden. In the first days the fungus ball is picked to pieces; the indi- vidual parts grow, and in from eight to ten days they form a disk half an inch in diameter. After twenty days more the fungus-garden measures nearly an inch, and already shows at the edge clusters of globules. The queen ant AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 350 plants the fourteen-day-old garden with about a hundred eggs. The question now arises, Where, then, does the fungus get the nourishment for growth? At first scarce a fiftieth of an inch big, it soon measures an inch. ‘The mother- ant is all alone, never !eaves the cave; so neither does there come in the pieces of leaves, which normally, chopped, soaked and kneaded, serve the fungus as fostering soil. With what, then, is the little fungus-garden manured? Huber observed that the mother-ant tears out flocks of fungus with her mandibles, and, sitting on her hind pair of legs, presses against her turned-in hinder body, from which a Scenes from the Life of an Ant Red weaver-ants repairing a rent in their nest Sagittal section of the head of a little Aza female The mother-ant manuring the fungus-garden (instantaneous views) So-called cluster of globules Breeding-cave Fourteen-day manured fungus-garden with about one hun- dred eggs Feeding larva, = showing dif- ferent stages of assimilat- ing an egg Breeding-cave. Vertical section of a cave of Atta sexdens (excavated in the open air) Sagittal section of head, with changed position of fungus-ball Female working red weaver-ant 360 brownish-yellow drop is secreted—a drop of manure. The flock of. fungus, pressed into the garden again with the feet, absorbs the appended drop. With her own excretions, then, the ant manures the young culture. At the same time, how- ever, this mother-ant lays daily about fifty eggs. How can she, without taking nourishment, thus constantly produce manure-drops and eggs? How is the conservation of sub- stance and of energy here fulfilled? Of the fungus the little animal does not eat, even when it already ripens globules. The riddle’s solution lies in the fact that the mother-ant consumes a part of her own eggs, and later, when little female workers begin to hatch out, perhaps receives from these nourishing juice offered in the open mouth. Of some two thousand eggs that the creature lays within forty days merely the tenth part produce; a great, or rather by far the greater, part is fed to the larve. At first, the mother herself stuffs the egg into the jaws of the larve; later the female workers attend to it. When the larve are still small then an egg suffices for the feeding of several; the indusium, emptied of its contents, is consumed by the mother. One of our pictures illustrates how the larve suck up their as yet egg-shaped little sisters. At the earliest after fourteen days (reckoning from the beginning of the breeding-time) the first female workers appear, little creatures a twelfth of an inch long, soon fol- lowed by others twice as large. The little female workers feed on the globules of the fungus-garden, and are zealously intent upon taking good care of their territory and suffering the loss of no fertilizing drop of excrement. ‘The mother-ant also still manures the fungus-garden in the customary way, but confines herself more and more to egg-laying, as soon as through an exit dug by themselves the female workers have AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 once reached the outside world and have there begun the leaf-cutting. Now vegetable fertilizing material is dragged in, chambers are built, the fungus-garden expands. The mother-ant, who at first had her hands full, taking care of the brood and of the garden, is now relieved by the numerous results of her labors. She is served, and fed abundantly; the eggs are taken away from her at once on appearance, and buried in the cavities of the fungus-garden. The larve are fed by the female workers with eggs or globules. A bustling activity reigns in the covered structure, now consisting of several chambers. Though the planting of a colony may succeed in the way just described, yet it is still possible that the mother-ant is received into another nest, and in consequence is not obliged to stay many days alone, nourishing herself from herself, in a subterranean chamber. But when one considers with what skill and prudence these leaf-cutter ants plant and culti- vate their fungus-gardens; how they tear off and expose upon the chopped, kneaded leaf material fungus mycelium; how they build ways, streets, tunnels, vaults, bridges, walls and ceilings, and keep road-improvement columns—then, in- deed, one must acknowledge the possibility that a conscious- ness, too, of this their action is present in the little creatures. If this is so the more reprehensible will then be found the experiments of an English-writing lady, who tried to show by means of drowning, suffocating, starving and letting thirst, as well as poisoning of ants, how tenacious of life the little animals are. The result of her heartless tortures was ludicrously small. Our ants hibernate; and the little Atta female described above lives many weeks working, laying eggs and manuring, without taking other nourishment than her own eggs. Truly the ants must be hardy creatures. The Wild Garden—A Plea for Our Native Plants (Concluded from Page 343) Not. knowing just what plants we will have, as the collec- tion grows, of course we can have no definite plan, at the beginning, to work to. Consequently there will be a certain unavoidable lack of system in the arrangement of the wild garden. But this may possibly become one of its chief charms, after a little. A garden made on this plan—which is really without any plan—seems to have evolved itself, and the utter absence of all formality will make it a more cunning imitation of Nature’s garden. In arranging the shrubs and plants put the larger ones in the background, as far as pos- sible, and keep them there. By arranging the plants in such a manner that they are graduated in height as they come toward the foreground, you secure an effect of breadth which adds vastly to the attraction of the garden. It gives you a sense of distance which large plants near the path, and in the immediate foreground, effectually destroys. Never set your plants in rows. Nature never does that, and she is the only gardener who never makes a mistake. Go into the fields and forests and note how shrubs and plants are arranged there. Here a group, there a group—a result that seems to have no plan back of it, and yet, who can say that Nature did not plan out carefully every one of these clumps and combinations? Try to make your wild garden look as much like a real wild garden as possible, and the closer you study Nature’s methods and pattern after them the nearer you will come to success. Avoid formality as you would the plague if you want your wild garden to afford all the pleasure which can be got out of it. Nature’s arrange- ments are always restful in effect, and never give one a sense of premeditation. Like the Topsy of ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” they “just grow.” But in order to successfully imitate Nature it is absolutely necessary that we should familiarize ourselves with her way of doing things, and we can only do this by studying from her books as she opens them before us in every field, and by the roadside, and the woodland nook. ‘The secret of success, in a word, lies in getting close to Nature’s heart. Among our early flowering plants will be found the dog- woods, the plums, the crabapple, the wild rose, and smaller plants like the trillium, the houstonia, the bloodroot, the claytonia, and the hepatica. Among summer bloomers we have aquilegia, daisy, coreopsis, cranesbill, eupatorium, meadow sweet, lily, helianthus, enothera, rudbeckia, vervain, vernonia, and many others that grow here and there, but are not found in all parts of the country, as those named above are. Among the shrubs are elder, spirea, clethra, and others equally as desirable. Among the late bloomers are solidagos, asters, helenium, ironweed, and others which continue to flower until the coming of cold weather. The sumach, which is too large for a shrub and too small for a tree, deserves a place in every collection, because of the magnificent color of its foliage in autumn. Among the desirable vines are the ampelopsis, which vies with the sumach in rich color, in fall; the bittersweet, with its profusion of fruitage as brilliant as flowers; and the clematis, beautiful in bloom, and quite as at- tractive later, when its seeds take on their peculiar plumes. Though I have named only the leading varieties of our best-known plants, the list, it will be observed, is quite a long one, and no one need fear of not being able to obtain plants enough to stock a good-sized garden. ‘The trouble will be, in most cases, to find room for all the plants which you would like to have represented in your collection, after you become thoroughly interested in the delightful work of making it. It is a work that will grow in attraction as you go on with it. September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS —_e An equipment of snowy white Standard” Porcelain Enameled Ware materially increases the property value of your home. For moderate cost, life-long durability and perfect sanitation, ‘Stardard” fixtures are recognized the most desirable and satisfactory for domestic use. Our Book, “‘ MODERN BATHROOMS,” tells you how to plan and CAUTION: Every piece of “Standard” Ware bears our “Standard” arrange your bathroom, and illustrates many beautiful and inexpensive as ‘‘ GREEN and GOLD’’ guarantee label, and has our trade-mark well as luxurious rooms, showing the cost of each fixture in detail, to- “Stawdard” cast on the outside. Unless the label and trade-mark are on the ether with hints on decoration, tiling, etc. It is the most complete and fixture i ts not “Steadad” Ware. ‘Kefuse substitutes they are all inferior & : E q By . ; P and will cost you more in the end. The word “Standard” ts stamped on all beautiful booklet ever issued on the subject. FREE for six cents postage, our nickeled brass fittings ; specify them and see that you get the genuine and the name of your plumber and architect (if selected). trimmings with your bath and lavatory, etc. address Standard Sanitary M)fg.Co., Dept. 23, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S. A. Pittsburgh Showroom, 949 Penn Avenue Offices and Showrooms in New York: “Standard” Building, 35-37 West 31st Street London, Eng.: 22 Holborn Viaduct, E.C. New Orleans: Corner Baronne and St. Joseph Streets Louisville ; 325-329 West Main Street Cleveland; 208-210 Huron Street AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 More Grain, Less Chaff will result if you use a fertilizer that contains plenty of POTASH Tt is the plant-food without which good grain cannot be grown. Send for our Free Books on Farming These books are written by practical experts, and contain suggestions that will be helpful to the man who is trying to get the best out of his farm. GERMAN KALI WORKS 93 Nassau Street, New York Monadnock Building, Chicago Candler Building, Atlanta, Ga. EEE =o ZEB cae J ig nas —S ly <= I 7 ADDRESS OFFICE NEAREST YOU yy [FAP = AX vou Can THIS $20.00 KODAK AND $15:29 CASH! There are twenty series of unpre- cedented METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE premium offers. Each series con- sists of several prizes of which you can take your choice Your Cash Commissions and the value of your Prizes are in pro- portion to the number of Sub- scriptions obtained For 50 Subscriptions you can win this $20.00 Kodak and $15.00 Cash ———————————e——————————————e—eeee Pianos, Automobiles, Gasoline Launches, Boats, Cameras, Canoes, Kodak:, Typewriters, Jewelry, Silverware, Bicycles, Trip to Japan, Trip to Europe, Three Weeks’ Vacation at the Greatest Pleasure Resort in the World. These are some of the prizes to be given away this season. WE WANT WIDE-AWAKE REPRESENTATIVES Not only is this one of the greatest Subscription Campaigns, but it also offers the richest harvest for Solicitors of Subscriptions, for the value of the prizes and the amount of the commissions are to be in keeping with the campaign we are waging, Every Subscription Means a Prize and a Cash Commission THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE is launching the greatest Subscription Campaign ever inaugurated in the Iuistory of the publishing business. We are offer- ing a wonderful series of valuable prizes and liberal commissions this season to representatives who secure subscriptions for the Metropolitan Magazine. Absolutely No Competitive Prizes Offered “ges METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE 3 WEST 29th STREET NEW YORK Dept. A.H. & G. th fe 3 WROUGHT IRON FENCE And Entrance Gates WIRE FENCING Ornamental Iron Work Txee~ Guards, Lawn Furniture Etc Tennis Court Enclosures A Specialty’ F-E-CARPENTER CO 7&9 WARREN ST NEW YORK vs The Frog Book An interesting and practical work on ‘‘ How to Breed, Feed and Raise Frogs.°° ip Price, postpaid, 25c. (coin). 4 MEADOW BROOK FARM cAllendale, N. J. DON'T BEA IF YOU GO FISHING ¥ If you want tocatchfishtry ‘ up-to-date methods. Let us send you the facts about our preserved NATURAL BAIT u Frogs, Minnows, Crawfish, etc., al- ways ready—handy to carry. CATCHES THE FISH ¥ Drop us| The Angler’s Bait and iWifg. Zo, a line. { 273-275 SOUTH WATER STREET = - CHICAGO “Concrete Country Price $1.00 Residences 99 Express Per Copy Prepaid THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT CO. 30 Broad Street, New York City BUILDING Construction and Superintendence By F. E. KIDDER, Ph.D., FAA. Consulting Architect and : Author of “Zhe Architect's and Builder's Pocket Boos Part le Masons Work 430 Pages. 260 Illustrations Part II. Carpenters Work 550 Pages. $§30 Illustrations FUST PUBLISHED Part III. Trussed Roofs and Roof Trusses 298 Pages. 306 Illustrations Each volume 7x 934 inches, Substantial cloth binding Price for Parts I and II, $4.00 each Price for Part III, $3.00. Sold Separately a aT Munn & Co.,361 Broadway, New York September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iil HALL CLOCKS That are beautiful in design, finest in con- struction, richest in tone of chimes and superior time- keepers are some of the reasons that have made our business grow so rapidly. Waltham Clocks have a standard of value, whether it is a Hall Clock, ‘Banjo,’ Marble Clock, or Regulator. Nothing Better at, Any Price If your local jeweler does not sell our line send direct for our new illustrated catalogue Waltham Clock Company WALTHAM, MASS. Showroom of The Craftshouse The World Has Been Ransacked Out-of-the-way places in the Orient and Europe have given up their treasures. John S. Bradstreet & Co. have them, and they are now in the Craftshouse in Minneapolis. It is to this place that the lover of the unusual, the uniquely decorative, the rare, must turn to get the most choice in bronze, tapestries, lacquer work, etc., because they are obtainable in no other place. oNS To be known as a ‘‘ Bradstreet piece piece of furniture that is measured by its beauty, oddity, handi- craft, taste and artistic feeling—not simply by its commercial conception. gives a value to a Write for our brochure and let us further explain how we can fill your decorative needs. JOHN S. BRADSTREET & CO. 327 South Severth Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota Interior Fitments Mural Decorations This House Built of Blocks } Made on Hercules Build with Concrete Blocks Concrete is the Home Building Material of the Future The vast increase in the number of concrete houses erected this year over last year proves this conclusively. THE HERCULES SPECIAL is a concrete block machine that will make all the blocks necessary to construct a modern home of great architectural beauty. Price for Complete Outfit, $120 A Hercules Special Machine and Complete Outfit for $120, and with this outfit any unskilled workman with simple instructions can make all the blocks necessary. Send for our catalog; it will tell you lots of interesting things about concrete construction. CENTURY CEMENT MACHINE CO. 180 West Main Street, ROCHESTER, N. Y. _ % i i 4 4 : ye Do You Want Absolute Fire Protection Do you want a window that will positively stand every test? Are you willing to spend two cents and five minutes to find out the positive truth about Mullins Fireproof Windows They actually do what no other window can do. Shall we send you our catalogue and quote you prices ? W. H. Mullins Co., 202 Franklin St., Salem, O. Also manufacturers of! Skylights, Ornamental Metal Work, Statuary,:and Stamped Sheet Metal Work of all kinds. eg EET EP en, a et f Pee itis Scart al lee ee ional te tie PGES iv AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration 1s The Architectural Record q| If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a Sample Copy — Free. THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY 11 to 15 East 24th Street, NEW YORK 511 Monadnock Building, CHICAGO THE NEW AGRICULTURE By T. BYARD COLLINS HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have taken place in American agricultural methods which are transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. In brief, the Contents are as follows CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the great West, and also hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not hitherto been found necessary. CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inocu- lating the soil by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria. CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awakening to the importance of canals and good roads, and their relation to economy and social well-being. CHAPTER V._ Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. CHAPTER VI. _ Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. CHAPTER VII. _ Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modifications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. . CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. CHAPTER X,_ Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. MUNN @& CO., Publishers % 361 Broadway, NEW YORK 8vo. Cloth. 376 Pages 100 Illustrations Price, $2.00, Postpaid AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vv GORTON 25 BOILERS 23 For Steam and Hot Water Heating at Insure a Warm Building Day and Night in Coldest Weather oat Send for Catalog September, 1907 GORTON « @ LIDGERWOOD CO. 96 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK Old Colony Bldg., Chicago 77 Oliver St., Boston DISCRIMINATING PEOPLE WILL FIND IN RUBEROID RED ROOFING A LASTING, WEATHERPROOF, FIRE-RESISTING COVERING, COMBINED WITH A LASTING BEAUTY. IT IS) ~ The Only Permanent Roofing With a Permanent Color The well-known qualities of Ruberoid Roofing serve as a protection from the heat of the summer and the cold of the winter, while its deep red hue lends a touch of color to the surroundings. Suitable for all buildings. Color guaranteed for five years. Contains no tar or paper. Will not melt, rot or corrode. Insist upon having the genuine. Look for the name “ RUBEROID” stamped on the back. Write for samples and prices. THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY Sole Manufacturers General Offices: 100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK Branches: Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas’City, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Boston THE NEW CEILING AND SIDE WALL ON THAT ROOM What shall it be? Steel, of course—because it is the most modern, sanitary and inexpensive, practically lasts forever. Write to-day, giving dimensions and par- ticulars. We will go into the matter with you thoroughly. “When it has the ELLER trade-mark, it’s the best in steel.” ELLER MFG. CO. CANTON, OHIO A Never-Failing Water Supply with absolute safety, at small cost, may be had by using the Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine Improved. ‘Ericgson Hot Air Pumping Engine Be by us for more than 30 years, and sold in every country in the world. Ex- clusively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or woman. So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold 30 years ago being still in active service. Send for Catalogue “E”’ to nearest office. Our remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant Smokeless Gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one- fourth as much as acetylene. Mo.t Durable and Least Expensive Apparatus to Maintain in effective, perpetual operation. Gives services of lighting, cooking and heating, Fullest satis- Rider a Ericsson Engine Co. faction guaranteed, and easy terms. The very : apparatus for suburban homes, institutions, etc, 35 Warren St., New York 40 Dearborn St., Chicago We construct special appé aratus also for fuel gas 40 N.7th St., Philadelphia 239 Franklin St., Boston for manufacturing, producing gas carivalent to : cit as at cents per 1000 cubic feet, and made 234 Craig St. West, Montreal, P. Q. as ae PST AGi to respond to very large demands; also for light- 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W. Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba ing towns, etc, C. M. Kemp Mfg. Co., Baltimore, M¢ vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 A Heating System FREE CHILDREN THRIVE AND AE ow mE ARE USED They heat a room more perfectly because of their ease of contro] —heat quickly when you want heat—cool quickly when heat is not required. Their small size permits of placing Kinnear Pressed Radiators under window-seats and in other places where there would not be room enough for a clumsy cast-iron radiator. And on account of their light weight Kinnear Pressed Radiators may be placed On the Wall — Off the Floor — Out of the Way These features are worthy of investigation and there are others just as important. Write for Catalogue ‘‘D.”? The Pressed Radiator Co. PITTSBURGH, PA. FOR THE HOME FOR THE CHURCH FOR THE STORE IN ALL CLASSIC AND CMODERN STYLES (THE beauty of the Berger designs and the perfect-fitting Berger joints make these the ceilings par excellence for rooms in which appearance is an important consideration. Compare the price with the cost of plaster! WRITE FOR CATALOGUE poston LHE BERGER MFG. CO., CANTON, 0. srrsuis MAKERS OF SHEET-STEEL AND IRON, ARCHITECTURAL SHEET-METAL WORK, STEEL WINDOW: FRAMES AND SASH, FIREPROOFING, METAL OFFICE FURNITURE, CONCRETE REINFORCING, &C, OUR advice, based on 34 years of experience, will cost! osal. We willalso be glad to send you our free Book- et you nothing. Our expert knowledge is at your dis- ‘“Modern Furnace Heating.’’ It tells you how to get the best results with any furnace and describes in detail the HESS Heating System Absolutely guaranteed to heat comfortably, in the coldest weather, any house, store, church, or other building. If you are going to build, write us. We can give you pointers that will save you money. Remember we sell direct from the factory, saving you the $25 to $100 that usually goes into the dealer’s pocket. Write us to-day. Hess Warming & Ventilating Co. CHICAGO 939 Tacoma Building ‘‘Never Slip QUILT HOLDERS fit any iron bed or crib, prevent tangled quilts and ‘‘cold feet.’’ Sample set (two) sent fs ny by mail, 50 cents. GENERAL MFG. CO. Montgomery Building Milwaukee, Wis. GARDENERS AND LAWN LOVERS ATTENTION! You know that one-third of the vital energy and growing power of the soil in your garden and lawn has been exhausted this season. You want to renew this loss. You should do more. You can get twenty-five per cent. better results next year if you use WIZARD w= SRAND ... Shredded Cattle Manure It builds up the soil structure by adding humus or foundation material absolutely necessary. It is easily applied — free from offensive odor, and leaves no unsightly covering to blow about. Special price for immediate shipment, $12.00 fer ton, in bags, F.O.B. Chicago. Ask for booklet, mailed free. Attend to this matter NOW. THE PULVERIZED MANURE CO. 21 Exchange Avenue, Union Stock Yards CHICAGO Study Architecture EASY LESSONS, or Stepping Stone to ARCHITECTURE. By THOS. MITCHELL. ss & A simple text book telling in a series of plain and simple answers to questions all about the various orders as well as the general principles of con- struction. The book contains 92 pages, printed on heavy cream plate paper and illus- trated by 150 engravings, amongst which are illustra- tions of various historic build- ings. The book is 12mo. in size, and is attractively bound in cloth. se % Price, 50c. post Paid. MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, New York City Write Us About Your New Building and We Will Plan September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vil Make It Y ourself A few minutes time—a hammer—a screwdriver ee —is all you need to is make beautiful, artistic ; furniture. Wesend you the very best, solid quarter-sawed oak parts, all smoothly dressed, perfectly fitted, ready to put together, with the necessary finishing materials and full instructions how to pro- ceed. Your choice of any piece of furniture. costs about half what you have to pay for the same kind of furniture anywhere else because you make tt yourself and save all the dealer's profit and much of the manufacturer's cost, You spend a pleasant evening because you'll find the work mere “ fun’? and you will have something that your own hands have made. Let us tell you more about our plan Our beautiful catalog of Home-Craft de- signs is ready to mail. Sent to any address for 6 cents in stamps to cover cost of mailing. THE HOME CRAFT CO., 310-312 Merrill Building Milwaukee, Wisconsin A Cheap Motor Boat for Your Summer Home PORTABLE GASOLINE SUBMERGED PROPELLER Attached and detached ANY BOAT, ina moment. Can be raised and lowered to run in shallow water. Entire outfit is outside of boat. Perfectly safe, a child can run it. Is inexpensive. A 20-foot boat \ will run 7 miles an hour. Is compact, easily transported as baggage. Write for details and price list. SUBMERGED MOTOR CO. 84-86 Washington Street CHICAGO q@> =—s_ American ] Homes and Gardens i@) Perfect Details Make Perfect Doors Just as harmonious and perfect details make the complete success and beauty of any chosen architectural style. Morgan Doors are complete architectural conceptions, each detail of which is not only perfect in itself, but in harmony with the architectural motif with which they are to be used. Morgan Doors are examples of perfect design, construction and finish. They will out-last the building itself, and are made in a large variety of designs for use with any style of architecture—Mission, Colonial, Empire, ete. Each door 1s stamped “‘Morgan” as a guarantee of absolute satisfaction. and Scientific American Write to-day for our handsome illustrated book, ‘‘The Door Beautiful,’’ showing some of the details of the beauty of design of the Morgan Doors. Morgan Company, Dept. A Oshkosh, Wisconsin, Distributed by:—Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, IIl.; To one per year address Regularly $6 Specialties for Fall Planting Prepare your orders now. We offer for Fall 1907 an unusually large and well grown stock of— Fruit Trees for Orchard and Garden. Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, etc., con- sisting of rare and beautiful species and varieties for the embellishment of publicand private grounds; Shade trees, Street trees and Flowering Shrubs, including Lemoine’s marvelous New Double Lilacs, Deutzias, etc. The Rose is a specialty with us, and our assortments embrace all the old favorites as well as the newest kinds, Peonies, Phloxes and Iris. Of these showy, beautiful, hardy, easily grown plants, we offer the choicest kinds, also Hardy Plants, including the most orna- mental, flowering from early Spring till late Autumn, Our beautifully illustrated Descriptive Catalogue—a manual indispensable to Plant- ers, mailed free on request, ELLWANGER & BARRY, Nurserymen-Horticulturists, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y. Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wis.; Morgan Company, Baltimore, Md. Ih Zi A, RAISING PANELS Raising panels is an easy matter when you are equipped with our No. 1 Hand Feed Double Head Panel Raiser. Because it is simple in construction, not liable to get out of order, and doesn’t require an expert to operate it. The table and all other working parts are planed true, have all necessary adjustments, and permit the operator to work close to the cutterheads. The fences remain always in proper position relative to the cutters, and are adjustable for different thicknesses of panels, and will hold them perfectly rigid while passing between the heads. The mandrel has three bearings, with mandrel pulled between bearings, and these are movable together horizontally across the tables. Write for it. Descriptive circular sent on request. J. A. FAY & EGAN CO., w. Front Stree, CINCINNATI, O. Vill AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 anatile The Modern Wall Tiling It costs five times as much to use regular glazed tile as to use SANATILE—and you gain nothing. Every good qual- ity of tiling is possessed by SANATILE, as well as many which tiling has not. It has an embossed, beautifully enameled surface in plain white or permanent tints and many artistic patterns. Absolutely waterproof and can- not tear, crack or chip from accident. SANATILE is a tough, elastic fabric, made in strips, on a heavy fibre backing. It can be applied by any good workman following instructions furnished with the material. Representatives wanted in the wall paper and tiling trades to whom we can refer orders and inquiries received by us from their locality Leatherole The beautiful, richly embossed, washable wall cover- ing made for use in the highest class of decorative work. Can be furnished in colors to harmonize with any scheme of interior treatment. ‘This new line on ex- hibition after August 15th. Illustrated descriptive literature and prices, both of Sanatile and Leatherole, will be furnished on request THE LEATHEROLE CO. ** %25arene" Tobey Handmade Furniture is not theresult of efforts to produce better furni- ture than that of other makers. The only standards reckoned with in its constructionare the ideals es- tablished fifty yearsagoand developed during our half-century of experience in making elegant fur- niture for the best types of American homes. In point of design, quality of materials and in- tegrity ofconstruction, each piece of Tobey Hand- made Furniture is as perfectas the highestartistic skill and the best available craftsmanship, pains- takingly directed toward the achieving of our ideals, can make it. If you are seeking furniture of this kind we would be pleased to have you inform us of your needs. Our booklet, ‘‘About Tobey Handmade Furniture,” is free upon request. The Tobey Furniture Company ety Pick eas sana CHICAGO NEW YORK Vihis SiR AIDTICeP Doral Wabash Ave. and Washington St. 11 W. Thirty-Second St. “AS FROM A SPRENCGZ PURE WATER eee Ed Eee lial THE KNOBLE FILTER Insures Perfect Filtration by Nature’s Method Not a simple stone, but tubes and disks of ascien- tific composition of pottery and porcelain, so treated as to produce the same effect as various strata of the earth, thus insuring perfect filtration. THE KNOBLE FILTER is a ‘‘water cure” at home. Simple construction, does not require a mechanic to install. Safe, sanitary, indestruct- ible. Madein various sizes and capacities. Let us send you full details and price list. THE KNOBLE FILTER CO. 309 Clybourn Avenue CHICAGO Write for illustrated booklet W free. | JOSEPH DIXON ORUOCIBLE ©O., Jersey City, N. J. ARCHITECTS’, DRAFTSMEN’S AND ENGINEERS’ SUPPLIES DRAWING TABLES AND FILING CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION Blue and Brown Print Papers Second-hand Instruments bought and sold. Illustrated Catalogue, vol. 263, sent on application F. WEBER & CO. PHILADELPHIA, PA. err St Louis, Mo Baltimore, Md. OWN A FACTORY and make $10.00 a day making Concrete Building Blocks. Experience unnecessary. Big demand for blocks everywhere and z immense profits. Pettyjohn Machine for d oy SBS 252% : Guaranteed and sent on trial. Sand, water and cement only materials required. If you intend to build it will pay you to buy a Pettyjohn Machine and make your own blocks. Beautiful booklet on this great industry—FREE. THE PETTYJOHN CO., 637 N. Sixth St., Terre Haute, Ind. BRISTOL’S : Recording [hermometer Located within house, recordson a weekly chart outside temperature Alse, Bristol’s Recording Pressure Gauges, Volt, Ampere and Watt Meters. Over 100 different vari- eties, and guaranteed. Send for Catalog B. THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn. CHICAGO, 753 MONADNOCK BLDG. NEw YORK, 114 LIBERTY ST. September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ix ORNAMENTAL VALUE OF HARDY REEDS AND GRASSES By Ida D. Bennett OR large beds on the lawn there are no more valuable plants than the Erianthus ravennae, whose tall flower spikes reach an altitude of twelve feet or more. “These may be easily raised from seed and will bloom the second summer. It is best to plant the seed in the hot bed in early spring and after the other plants have been removed for outdoor planting to transplant the erianthus in the va- cated space and grow them on there until time for planting out where they are to remain the following spring, or they may be transplanted when large enough into a cold frame, and wintered there until the next year. For combining with the erianthus there is nothing more handsome than the Eulalia ze- brina, with its foliage barred with bands of white and its sprays of feathery flowers. It is not as tall or robust a grower as the eran- thus, but is so distinct and handsome in color as to be one of the most striking of the hardy grasses. “The two may be combined with a center of arundo donax, the tallest of our hardy grasses. “he arundo, however, will not stand the severe winters as will the other two, and requires much protection. Where these tall grasses are used for the center of the beds such drooping grasses as the pampas grass or the Eulalia gracillima should be used for border, both of these hav- ing a most graceful, weeping habit, the stems growing upright and the leaf blades drooping downward like a fountain of green. All of these may be grown from seed, but the pampas grass is not hardy at the north until two or more years old, and requires considerable protection even then, but by taking it up in the fall and wintering it in a warm cellar it may be grown very successfully in cold cli- mates. Certain of the annual grasses are very beau- tiful, especially when grown as a border to tne taller sorts. Among these none is more beau- tiful than the Pennisetum rueppelianum or purple fountain grass. This has the grace- ful fountain-like habit of growth and showy purple plumes of flower heads; it may be raised from seed, flowering by mid-summer. The most effective form in which to grow these ornamental grasses is in oval beds or in long, hedge-like rows. As a border or hedge there is nothing finer. Their culture is sim- ple, the necessary conditions being a deep, mellow soil of marsh muck, well decayed, and a liberal quantity of old manure. ‘They re- quire an abundance of water during the grow- ing season, but no water should be allowed to stand about their roots in winter. A good way to manage the watering of the bed of or- namental grasses is to pipe water into it and keep it almost a swale a considerable part of the time. ‘The plants make such a tough, solid network of roots that any ordinary wa- tering can not penetrate them once they have dried out, so that in order that any artificial watering may be helpful it must be continu- ous. Where one does not care for the effect of solid beds of grasses some of the low-growing bamboos may be used in front of the taller growing grasses. Bambusa Metake, which rarely exceeds ten feet in height, and _ pre- sents a more common altitude of about six feet, combine very effectively with the grasses, and the taller B. argentea, B. verticillata and B. vulgaris are very good to use in the center with the tall grasses, but do not stand the wind at the north very well, and need to be taken up and wintered in the greenhouse or a dry, light cellar. Possibly if a sufficient pro- tection could be given the tops in the way of Before putting up this season's screens, remember that it isn’t the frame that makes the screen — it’s the material within the frame which will spell the difference between comfort and discomfort for you this summer. Spend this summer undisturbed by flies, mosquitoes and other insects, by screening your doors and windows with Pompetian Bronze Wire Cloth because it affords absolute protection against insects ; it can’t rust; it offers no obstruction to light and air; it is practically invisible ; it is indestructible ; it will never lose its color, either by chipping, wear, fading or other causes; it is Immune against the corrosive action of salt air. Pompetuan Bronze Wire Cloth, of which we are the originators and sole manufacturers, is made of an alloy of copper, aluminum, and other non-corrosive materials, and combines the durability of these materials with the toughness and elasticity of steel. Pompeiian Bronze Wire Cloth is woven on our improved power looms, which insures accuracy and uniformity of the meshes in warp and filling. Pompeiian Bronze Wire Cloth is in color a facsimile of the ancient Pompeiian bronzes, and is so delicately shaded as to render the cloth almost invisible. The color is produced by the combination of the materials entering into the wire and zot by paint or lacquer. Pompetian Bronze Wire Cloth is for sale by all leading hardware dealers. Packets containing samples of Pompeiian Bronze Wire Cloth can be secured free by writing to Department K. We strongly advise sending for one before installing screens, as it may be the means of making this summer a more comfortable one. CLINTON WIRE CLOTH COMPANY 13 Adams Street, CLINTON, MASS. CARPENTERS in these days of close competition Need the Best Possible Equipment and this they can have in BARNES’ Hand and Foot Power Machinery Foot and Hand Power Circular Saw No. 4 HE most powerful, and in every way the best machine of its kind ever made. strongest, W.F.& JOHN BARNES CO. oa 567 Ruby Street ROCKFORD, ILL. ripping, cross-cutting, bor- ing and grooving. USE JOIST HANGERS Don’t cut away your timbers or depend on flimsy spiking oe We make Hangers adapted to all conditions Lane Brothers Company (The Door Hanger Manufacturers) 434-466 Prospect St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y. EVERY TIME you pass a bundle of Galvanized Sheets, look for this mark— Ca NY — oo en “MARK REGIS PITTSBURGH Nine times out of ten you'll find it on the top sheet —for Apollo Best Bloom Galvanized Sheets are popular everywhere, and here is the way to find out for yourself how universal is their use. This suggestion is only intended for the man who never used them; for the thousands who @ know how even in gauge, how pliable, how thoroughly coated, and how easily applied Apollo Best Bloom Galvanized Sheets are—-no new arguments are necessary. They know from experience, and think only ‘‘Apollo’”? when Galvanized Sheets are on their mind. If you would like to know the size of every sheet, its weight, the number in each bundle and the various gauges — send for our Apollo Weight Card. the card and we pay the postage. There's no charge for Address our Advertising Department. AMERICAN SHEET @ TIN PLATE COMPANY, FRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 wrapping or covering, they could winter suc- cessfully, as the roots seem to be perfectly hardy, standing several degrees below zero un- protected in the open ground. When they have reached a height of eighteen or twenty feet they are very graceful. Like the grasses they require an abundant water supply, and the plan of piping water into the beds answers ad- mirably with them. Along the border of the grass beds certain bright hued flowers may be grown effectively, notably the tritomas or red-hot poker plant and the scarlet cardinal flowers. One of the prettiest bits of natural gardening I ever saw was a little island in a river, covered with tall grasses and cardinal flowers. The flowers re- flected in the water below—bits of scarlet fire in a sea of waving green. A Bacuetor’s Cupgpoarp. Collected by A. Lyman Phillips. Boston: John W. Luce & Co.. Pp. 210. Price, /$i-00: The writer of this book undoubtedly in- tended it as a handbook for bachelors of all classes, for his second chapter—and _ perhaps the one that will most attract the reader— is devoted to the “Impecunious Bachelor,” while further on is a price list of wines, rang- ing in every possible manner, from $60.00 per dozen down. A great variety of human beings may thus find something of interest here, even if the suggestions are not equally applicable to all alike. ‘The bachelor whose ideas of bachelor home life centers in food and food supplies and in the methods of preparing and cooking food, with perhaps a thought or two of clothes, may find not a little amuse- ment and some instruction in this cheerful book. ‘Lo such, no doubt, the cooking recipes will seem eminently useful. THe ENcLIsH FLOwER GARDEN AND HoME Grounps. By W. Robinson. New York: Imported by Charles Scribner’s Sons. Pp. 14+974. Price, $6.00 net. That ten editions should have been called for of this large and important book is the highest testimony to its value. ‘That it is writ- ten for and is exclusively concerned with Eng- lish gardens makes its utility in America nec- essarily somewhat secondary, but it is filled, from cover to cover, with a host of valuable information, admirably arranged and con- densed, and is so complete in its treatment that no garden lover can wisely omit it from his shelves. The book consists of two parts. The first deals with the question of design, the aim being to make the garden a reflex of the beauty of the great garden of the world itself, and to prove that the true way to happiest design is not to have any stereotyped style for all flower gardens—and there is a world of truth in this single comment—but that the best kind of gar- den should arise out of its site and conditions as happily as a primrose out of a cool bank. This portion of the subject is treated in nu- merous chapters with ample fulness. The sec- ond part of the book consists of a dictionary catalogue of most of the trees and plants, hardy and half-hardy, that thrive in English gardens. Like the earlier portion, this part is amply illustrated, so that the identification of any plant should be easily made. The book is thus a veritable treasure-house of English garden lore, much of which is equally adapta- ble to America and American conditions. September, 1907 QR DNR ARE ee WE NEEM CEE G "") Tvl: DERM AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS nY\A\WAD) wine , pa TUL) il tone production made by us have resulted in the production of a notable Grand Piano, the Style X (next in size larger than the famous Quarter Grand). 4 It is an instru- ment of rare and exquisite tone, in which quality and not quantity has been the first consid- eration. 4 It is a new departure in modern piano building, and in inviting attention to it we do so with much pride in the success of our efforts. A DEPARTURE IN TONE PRODUCTION. 4 Recent experiments in the direction of CHICKERING ¢& SONS, 826 Tremont St., BOSTON Established 1823 Catalogue upon request Se ee ee ae x1 xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 “TARGET & ARROW OLD STYLE TIN Has Protected This Residence for 48 Years THE RESIDENCE of Mr. George L. Baker at Selma, Alabama, was roofed with ‘“Target-and- IC Arrow Old Style” tin in 1859. During OLW STVUE all these years it has never sprung a leak 3@) or required repairs of any kind and is in NECTAVLORCH as good condition to-day as when first put a on. No other brand of roofing tin and quench eet ed thea no roofing material of any kind can show such proof of durability or can guarantee such results for the future. The thing for builders and house owners to bear in mind is that ‘“Target-and-Arrow Old Style” tin bought at the present time will give the same service that it has given in the past. Any who are in doubt as to what kind of roofing they ought to buy, should send for our two free books, ““A Guide to Good Roofs” and the “Tin Roofer’s Hand-Book,” a comprehensive text-book on tin roofing. N. & G. TAYLOR COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA Established 1810 September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xill Heating that invigorates Delicate women and chil- dren, as well as the frailest flowers, thrive and bloom in the uniformly tempered and ventilated homes made Re cain June-like bv American 5, DEAL RADIATORS BOILERS That these outfits for either Hot Water or Low Pressure Steam are best for health, sanitation, and growth is proven by the fact that they are used in every prominent hospital, sanitarium, institution, etc., and in greenhouses — wherever perfect heat- ing and ventilating are desired. IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators cover the same welcome advan- tages whether for cottage, mansion, store, office, school, church, hotel, etc., because they distribute genial, equal warmth throughout the building; pro.ect the health of the occupants; give absolute contro/ of heat, with pure air ; free the premises from ash dust and coal gases; secure full benefit from each pound of fuel burned; and all these with perfect safety and lowest insurance rate. ADVANTAGE 7: Where building has no cellar, an IDEAL Water Boiler can be located in a back or unused room, and AMERICAN Radiators may be placed in other rooms on same floor-level. An IDEAL Boiler for an 8- or 10-room house occupies as little space as would one or two flour barrels. The piping is so small and hugs the ceiling so closely that it does not obstruct the cellar as do the tin pipes of a hot-air furnace. SV WATER > BOILER: Our catalogues (free) explain other ADVANTAGES and have a att i a Bg : P : ave We wealth of concise heating and ventilating information which every IDEAL Boilers are made owner or tenant ought to have at hand. Sales Branches and Ware- in sizes to fit $1,000 cot- : t to 90-room build- houses throughout America and Europe. ince Beever ery tue AMERICAN RADIATOR (OMPANY DEPT. 6 CHICAGO of sos ou oe oe ok oleae ole oe at ota oso aot ts ate ots ote] | [ESL KING MANTELS SAR TCs appeal to those wno are looking for not only price, but quality. Years of experience, cheap hardwood and labor-saving machinery enable us to sell strictly high-grade dependable mantels at prices you cannot duplicate elsewhere. IT WILL PAY YOU to write for our free book, ‘‘Evidence,’’ which is a ‘show me” book that talks; or if you will state the number of mantels needed and enclose 12c. to pay postage, we will mail our beautiful 72-page catalogue (12x14 in.) and include our book, ‘Colonial Beauties ’? These books cost us 50c. delivered, and are gladly sent to those intending to purchase mantels, but not to idle inquirers. Write to-day. _KING MANTELCO., 519-521 W. Jackson Ave., Knoxville, Tenn. Sa SSS AMA SKU SG need repairs. For Mother and Baby At that anxious period before and imme- diately after baby is born, when the mother must bear a double burden, it is vitally important that she take on double strength. Nourishing and strengthening food must be provided in plenty for both mother and child, while for the mother herself there comes a time of suffering, the dread and realism of which will be greatly lessened if she will steadily prepare the way by the liberal use of Pabst Extract the Best Tonic This rich, wholesome food, combining the nutritive ‘and tonic properties of malt and hops in palatable and predigested form, is welcomed by the weakest stomach and quickly assimilated by the system. It gives strength to the muscles, revitalizes the blood, and furnishes nourishment in abundance for the growing child, at the same time it calms the nerves, inducing sweet, refreshing sleep for mother and babe, thus assuring strength, vigor and health to both. Pabst Extract Tc Best Tonic is a strengthening and palatable food for the convalescent. Quickly restores the shattered nervous system and acts as a tonic for the weak, worn-out and over- worked. It aids digestion and is a quick relief for dyspepsia. For Sale at ai] Leading Druggists Insist upon the Original Guaranteed under the National Pure Food Law U. S. Serial No. 1921 Free Picture and Book Send us your name on a postal for, our interesting book- let and “Baby's First Adventure,’ a beautiful picture of baby life. Both FREE. Address Pabst Extract Dept.22 Milwaukee, Wis. Grow Your Own Mushrooms and in addition to supplying your table with a tasty and delicious delicacy —a toothsome morsel— give yourself the pleasure of gardening during winter months. Grown without a greenhouse or even a cold frame. Pure Culture Spawn insures desired color, uniform size; makes possible breeding to variety. Now is the time to get your beds started. Illustrated booklet free for the asking. Pure Culture Spawn Co., Cincinnati, O, Lightning-proof, storm-proof fire-proof. <— ah SEOUL ERE are the facts on which we base the assertion : PoE BEST ROOFING SS RE er Reon) d\ “They last as long as the building itself.” Never SS A ne tay Lighter than slate or tile, and better looking. If there is any reason why you, as an architect, should not specify them we ll be pleased to hear from you. CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO., Philadelphia and Chicago XIV AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 Pe ae fe ee ome e ee " prore. HIOOE ye nitOE| anes ork ane W coeN ee Don’t wait— write Tells how to for it now. beautify your home at little expense. \, Consult this book and you will save time, money and worry. Contains ideas worth $25 or more to discerning persons who enjoy and desire a beautiful home. Discriminating, home-loving per- sons are enthusiastic in their praise of this, the most elaborate, practical book on wood-finishing ever published. Write us now for above book, “The Proper Treatment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture,” and learn how easily and inexpensively you can beautify your new or old home. You can easily and economically accomplish remarkable results in refinish- ing your furniture, woodwork and floors by the Johnson Method explained in this book. It is a simple, interesting and fascinating work. You can easily change the color of the wood and finish in any late shade, such as Weathered, Mission, Forest Green, Flemish, Mahogany, etc., at little expense with Johnson’s Electric Solvo, Johnson’s Wood Dye and Johnson’s Prepared Wax °€A Complete Finish and Polish for all Wood”* For Furniture, Woodwork and Floors If your furniture does not harmonize with your woodwork, or your floors are scratched and marred, or the woodwork looks bad, you can easily refinish them to look like new. Johnson’s Wood Dye for the artistic coloring of wood (all shades), %-pint cans, 30 cents; pint cans, 50 cents. Johnson’s Electric Solvo (for removing paint, varnish, shellac, etc.), pint cans, 40 cents; }2-pint cans, 25 cents. | Johnson’s Prepared Wax —a complete finish and polish for all wood —10-cent and 25-cent packages and large size cans. Sold by all dealers in paint. = FREE Offer! Send to-day for our new 48-page book on ee )60 WOO: finishing —““The Proper Treatment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture’’—and refinish a piece of furniture. Mention edition AH9. S. C. Johnson & Son, Racine, Wis. , “The Wood-Finishing Authorities By utilizing our Koll’s Patent Lock Joint in the con- struction of the wooden pedestals furnished by us, we are enabled to offer this most attractive feature of the formal garden at a price that places them within the teach of all. A special booklet showing a number of designs of pedestals, pergolas, etc., with prices, will be sent free Ask for Circular ‘‘A-26.’’ HARTMANN BROS. MFG. CO. MOUNT VERNON,N.Y., U.S.A. New York Office: 1123 Broadway Western Factory: Henry Sanders Co., Chicago, III. MANUFACTURERS OF KOLL’S PATENT LOCK JOINT COLUMNS For Pergolas, Porches, or Interior Use upon request. ‘changed daily. GARDEN WORK FOR SEPTEMBER Eben E. Rexford HERE are many flowers that win our friendship. One of these likable plants is Ten-week Stock, which used to be known in our grandmother’s day as Gillyflow- er. It has many good merits. It grows sturdily with most ordinary care, and in all kinds of soil. It blooms in late summer, but it is at its best in fall, after frosts have put an end to the beauty of most annuals. It comes in sev- eral colors—red, pale yellow, purple, pink, and white—and it has a delicious fragrance quite like that of the Carnation. Its flowers are produced in spikes, and are therefore well adapted for cutting. "They last well, if the water in which they are placed is changed daily. Stock is easily grown from seed. But many seedlings will produce single flowers, and these are not particularly desirable. As soon as buds are formed, one can tell which plants are going to have single flowers, by their long, slender appearance. Such plants should be pulled up at once, and all the strength of the soil given over to the development of double varieties. So hardy is the plant that we fre- quently find it in full bloom after we have had severe frosts. Cosmos is always admired, when seen in full bloom, but it is so late in flowering that the frosts of October are pretty sure to cut it down before it reaches its prime. ‘This can be prevented by covering the plants on cold nights. Drive some tall, stout stakes about them, and over these spread sheets or thin blankets. In this way the frost can be kept from injuring them till late in the season. A large plant covered with bloom is a magnifi- cent sight. If the plants can be started in a hot-bed, and kept going well during the sum- mer, they can be coaxed into bloom by the middle of September. For backgrounds, or hedges, or screens, we have few better plants, as it grows rapidly, is extremely bushy and compact, and has a pretty, finely-cut foliage which would make it well worth growing if it had no flowers. x * # The annual Aster is another late-flowering plant which deserves mention. Nothing ex- cels it in floriferousness, and few plants can show richer colors, or a wider range of them. Red, carmine, rose, blue, purple, white—there is variety enough to suit all tastes. And va- riety is not confined to color. We have tall ones, and dwarf ones, “branching” varieties, and some that are almost little shrubs in their compact, bushy growth. We have some that resemble the Rose in form, some that take the name of “Peony flowered” because of their re- semblance to that favorite of the border, and others that are so like the finest Chrysanthe- mums in nearly every respect that dealers often dispose of them for that flower. The branching Aster, with blossoms borne on stalks a foot or more in length, is one of the finest of all flowers for cutting. It lasts for two weeks, if the water in which it is placed is The pure white, the pale pink, and the soft, delicate lavender varieties ought to be grown in large quantities to cut from for house, and church, and all forms of deco- ration where substance, and lovely form, and beautiful coloring are desirable. Anyone can grow this flower. Sometimes the black beetle attacks it, and often ruins it in a short time, if left to do its deadly work, but a few appli- cations of ivory soap suds will soon rout this enemy. While the Aster comes into bloom in early September, it will be found in its | prime when frosty weather comes, and it will September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XV still be magnificently effective when early win- ter shuts down upon the garden. # * + Strong Carnations for winter use are best obtained from what are known as field-grown plants, in fall. These are plants which are grown in the open’ ground during summer. They make a strong, vigorous growth then, and have been pinched back until they have a good many short branches starting from the base of the plant. All our leading florists can furnish them. Order them in September. Pot them in a rather heavy loam. Do not use large pots. Keep them out of doors as long as you can do so safely. When they are brought indoors give them a place in a room that is without fire-heat, if possible. But let it be light, and sunny. Shower frequently to pre- vent injury by the red spider. Water mod- erately. x * * In the gardens of many amateur florists will be found strong, sturdy specimens of the Mar- guerite strain of carnation. “These are grown from seed sown in spring. “They do not come into bloom until rather late in the season, as a general thing. Indeed, many of the plants will be full of buds not quite ready to open when cold weather comes. But some of the plants will have bloomed before that, and if any of them show double flowers, of good color, they may be put into pots for house- use for the coming winter. “They will bloom much more profusely than the ordinary green- house sorts, but their flowers will not be so large, and some of them will be altogether lacking in fragrance. ‘Their range of color is limited, as compared with that of the green- house varieties, but among a score or more of seedlings you can almost always find some good pinks, and whites, and pale yellows. THE PANSY BED By Benjamin Ide HE pansy is a plant that responds mag- nificently to any intelligent treatment, and its requirements are neither exact- ing nor expensive. Given good seed one is well on the way to notable results, and it remains only for the gardener to co-operate with nature to be richly rewarded. It is, however, useless to expect fine pansies from cheap or common seed. Good pansy seed can only be raised by scientific methods. It is out of the question to save seed of any special strain or color from beds of mixed flowers, and this in a large measure accounts for the seeming high price of the best florist’s strain of seed. One should look with suspicion on cheap packets of seed or seed offered for premiums. seed of the purest and finest strains can not be purchased for less than twenty-five cents a packet, and certain strains are well worth the fifty cents asked. These high-priced strains will not give many, if any, of the common self-colored pansies, as yellow, white, purple or black, but will be made up of the finest blotched, ruffled and rayed varieties and the various reds, pinks, coppers, bronze and _ all that is newest and best in the pansy world. The best time for sowing pansy seed is in August, about the fifteenth of the month, and from then on through September. ‘The seed should be sown in a cold frame or spent hot- bed, and where the latter is used it will be necessary to add sufficient earth to replace the bulk lost by the settling of the manure under- neath. ‘This should be added sufficiently to bring the soil in the bed somewhat higher than that of the land outside, and good drain- age should exist, either from the lay of the Good pansy Hardware and the House The selection of the hardware trimmings for your new house is of equal if not of greater importance than the choosing of the wall-paper or other decorative features. Hardwareis purchased as a permanent ornamental utility, and by making its selection a personal matter you will be able to express your own individual taste and at the same time judge as to the quality of the hardware itself. SARGENT’S Artistic Hardware presents unusual opportunities for effective ‘ ornamentation. The many different patterns 1 were designed to harmonize with any archi- _tectural motif and to accentuate the artistic appearance of any style of finish. Our free book, SARGENT’S BOOK OF DESIGNS, will prove of invaluable assistance in the selection fs, of your hardware. It contains half-tone illustra- H ‘ tions of nearly 70 designs, and fully describes the Easy Spring Principle of Sargent’s Locks. If your home embodies Colonial ideas you will be interested in our Colonial book. Ask for it. “FAIRFAX” (Colonial) Wrought Bronze SARGENT & CO., 156 Leonard St., New York. NEN Discuss It With Your Painter T he is a progressive, look-ahead sort a i PS) of skilled and thinking man—type of the modern expert painter—you will both come to a quick agreement that “HIGH STANDARD” PAINT is the proper covering for your building. Lowe Brothers “High Standard” Liquid Paint Gives Best Results Possesses greatest covering power, spreading capacity, beauty and wearing quality. Because it is of absolutely uniform consistency and color; because it is made of the exact materials thirty-three years of progressive paint-making have proven to be best; is scientifically proportioned, and is ground superfine by powerful machinery that insures a velvety fineness and perfect union of solids and liquids that hand mixing could never approach. “HIGH STANDARD” PAINT is sold in cans that are full weight and generous quantity—U. S. Standard Measure of paint, not ‘‘capacity”’ only. These cans are a7r-tight. Use “Little Blue Flag” Varnish—the highest standard of varnish quality. “HIGH STANDARD” PAINT and the full line of Lowe Brothers Paints and Varnishes are sold in almost every town by the leading paint dealer. We will gladly send you the name of your nearest dealer and our attrac- tive and useful book ‘‘Paint and Painting’? FREE. Write for your copy today. The Lowe Brothers Company, 450-456 E. Third Street, Dayton, O. Paintmakers, Varnishmakers New York Chicago Kansas City @ The ‘Little Blue Flag”’ Protection FINE HARDWOOD FLOORS PARQUETRY FLOORING Moore’s Floor Wax THE BEST KNOWN POLISH FOR HARDWOOD FLOORS, INTERIOR WOODWORK AND FURNITURE Send for Illustrated Catalogue and Booklet on Finishing Materials E.B. MOORE & CO., * “Akéito'”™ atl oe 7 MADE C0. q EB u a Ly RE O00 bic LAS 76 WABASH AVE CHICAGZ Details of Building Construction By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University Price, $2.00 A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introduo- tory text. This book is 10 by 124 in. in size, and substantially bound in cloth. For Sale by MUNN & COMPANY, 361 Broadway, New York XVI Embellishments for Concrete Buildings Interior and Exterior The problem of making artistic concrete buildings, both private and public, is most satisfactorily solved by the use of Hartford Faience The Hartford Faience Company will be pleased to correspond with everyone contemplating the erection of concrete residences and other buildings as to the uses of their Faience work, and will furnish suggestions and sketches upon request Kindly address Department ‘‘N’’ for Illustrations of Medallions, Friezes, Mantels, Mouldings, Caps and Tiles for Concrete Buildings. The Hartford Faience Co. WAR Gh O RDC. ON NE Cah Civ al Remington Typewriter Lasts. Therefore Remington Supremacy Remington Typewriter Co. Y), 327 Broadway, New York. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS land itself or by supplying a drain in one cor- ner of the bed by digging a hole down to the bottom of the pit, filling in with broken stone and the like and covering the top with sphag- num moss. This will effectually carry off any water that may gain access to the bed by a sudden winter thaw or spring freshet. As pansy seed is small the soil should be made fine and free from all roughage—sifting the upper layer through a coal sieve is a good way to prepare it. It will also be well to mix the under soil with a liberal amount of old, well rotted manure; pansies are voracious feeders, and even in their youngsterhood re- quire abundant nourishment. The seed may be sown broadcast in plats and covered with an eighth of an inch of fine soil or sand sifted over it, or it may be sown in shallow drills and the earth drawn over them. In either case the earth must be pressed down snugly above them that the tiny sprouts of the newly germinated seeds may lay hold at once on the nourishment provided for them. Each plat of seed should be separated from its neighbor by narrow strips of wood sunk somewhat below the surface of the soil and extending an equal distance above it. ‘This pre- vents the seeds of one plat mixing with those of an adjoining plat, as is quite sure to happen if they are watered too freely or exposed to a rain. Each plat should be carefully labeled with the name of the variety and the date of sowing. It is also advisable to add the name of the florist where seeds from more than one florist are planted; this enables one to keep tab on the different purchases and judge of their quality. After the seeds are settled in their beds they should be carefully watered with a rose of sufh- cient fineness to insure against washing the seed from the ground, covered with a news- paper and the sash closed until germination takes place; this will be in from eight to ten days. As soon as the pansies are well up the news- paper may be removed from over them and placed immediately above them on the glass and the glass slightly raised to admit air. If the weather remains hot through August and September it will be necessary to protect the pansies from the direct rays of the sun during the hottest part of the day by lath screens placed over the glass, which may be raised part way so as to admit abundant air but not sufficiently to dry out and heat the beds by the direct rays of the sun. ‘The beds should not be allowed to dry out, neither should they be kept excessively wet—just moist and cool. As the days grow cooler the sash may be re- moved entirely and the screens only placed during the hottest part of the day, and finally, as the plants attain size and strength, entirely abandoned. If the plants have been planted in long drills, and there is sufficient room between the rows, it will benefit them to transplant every other plant into new rows between the old that they may have more room to develop; a still better way would be to have two hot- beds, and make the planting in one and trans- plant when the plants are large enough into the other. At the approach of severe freezing weather the beds should be closed and protected with rugs and the like to shut out the cold and shed rain. Air may be given during the mid- dle of the day during winter at any time when the ground is not frozen, but never let the sun shine on the plants when they or the ground is frozen. Above all things avoid constant thawing and freezing if you would have good live pansies at the coming of spring. If the pansies have been sown in good season and well cared for they will be found well budded when the frames are opened in March September, 1907 Economical, durable, fire- proof, artistic, beautiful, cleanly and sanitary are some of the qualities which recommend the use of the clay tile as a covering for floors and walls of bath- rooms, kitchens, butler’s pantry, mantels, fire-places, vestibules and porches. WRITE FOR “Tile in Economical Building” “Durability of Tile” ‘Sanitary Kitchens” SENT FREE BY THE Information Bureau of Gile —— Industry el 300 Corcoran Bldg., Washington, D. C. The Beautiful Hand-Woven PEQUOT RUGS Refreshing Simplicity Wholesome and agreeable colors. Decidedly artistic in design and inexpensive. Send for Booklet. CHAS. H. KIMBALL 48 Yantic Road, Norwich Town, Conn. Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE @ STABLE WORKJ# JOIST HANGERS LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. MA 300 EN) CLEVELAND, OHIO sam, standing Seam pA ROOF IRONS CLINCH right chrough the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We makea similar one for slate roofs. SEND FOR CIRCULAR BERGER BROS. CO. PHILADELPHIA PATENTED SPECIAL OFFER to Carpenters BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES IVES Perey WINDOW VENTI¢ Bic le | forVentilating Rooms. Pure Air, aul Good ured. | To introduce this article, Four My Ventilating Locks in Genuine i” Bronze, Brass or Antique Cop- ‘per Finish will be mailed to ‘any address prepaid for One ‘Dollar. Will include a fortye | page Hardware Catalogue and ik Seite Working Model to carpenters i I li who wish the agency to canvass iM} | | for its sale. Address ya ayy” The H.B, les Co.cons.. ‘u.s.a: PATENTED September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Xvil or April. The plants may be transplanted to the open ground as soon as the ground can be worked in the spring. ‘The pansy bed should occupy an open sunny position, but not the hottest on the premises. It should not be crowded back against the wall of a house or building, but should be so placed as to allow of the full sweep of the wind across it. It should have little shade—none direct. The best soil for growing pansies is leaf mold and old, well-rotted cow manure. Never place fresh manure in the pansy bed; the pansy is a lover of coolness and moist- ure, and fresh manure is very heating and must not be used. Where leaf mold is not procurable good garden loam will grow very good plants, but is not as desirable as the leaf mold. This, by the way, is easily manufac- tured at home if one will but save the leaves and litter that go to furnish the autumnal bon- fire, and much good will result as well as much smoky annoyance be saved one’s neigh- bor if instead of raking the leaves up into a heap and burning them they are all carted to some out of the way nook and piled up and left to decay; occasionally they may be turned over to hasten their decay, the hose turned or any waste water from the house added; this in a year or two will produce the finest kind of leaf mold for the garden and for potting soil, and if it is unsightly during summer vines may be grown over and around it, cer- tain gourds are much at home there, and their great snowy, ruffled blossoms rival the finest clematis. In working up the pansy bed it is always best to trench in the manure that it may be well below the surface and no great amount of weed germinate. This is best accomplished by laying aside one spade width of soil at one side of the bed, filling the empty space with manure and throwing the next row of spading on top of this, instead of merely turning it over. About one wheelbarrow load of manure should be added to each square yard of earth. The surface of the bed should be made very fine and even and the rows for the plants evenly marked on the surface. Pansy plants should be set about nine inches apart each way, alternating the plants in the row. In transplanting make a hole in the soil with a trowel, set a plant in place, pull up a little earth and pour in a liberal quantity of water, and when that has filtered away draw up the remaining earth and press firmly over the plants. Make a fine dry mulch on the sur- face of the bed and do not protect in any way. The plants will need no further attention for three or four days, when watering may begin. As the pansy grows its roots close to the surface of the ground, frequent and copious waterings are necessary; this must be given with regularity and in sufficient quantity to prevent drying out. My own experience is that a thorough watering at night and again at noon will result in the very finest pansies. I know that watering flowers in the middle of the day is against all accepted theories, but experience is sometimes to be preferred to theo- ries, and the pansy is not injured, as are many plants, by water applied while the sun is shining. To insure fine flowers and abundance of them it is necessary to remove all seed pods, or rather all withered flowers, as fast as they form; this will necessitate going over the beds plant by plant and blossom by blossom twice a day; this is the most interesting feature of pansy culture, but the result well repays the extra effort. or this reason it will be found more convenient to grow the plants in long narrow beds which may be easily reached across. Along in July, or possibly as late as August, according to the season, it will be found that the blossoms are growing small and scarce and the branches, long and scraggly; if now atten- Improved Plumbing Appliances for Schools It is necessary during school vacation that additional plumbing fixtures be installed. Uvsanitary fixtures are replaced by others of modern construction. Our School, Hospital and Factory Pamphlet, illustrat- ing a complete line of PLUMBING FIXTURES especially adapted for school, hospital and factory work, will be a valuable aid in making selections for specifications. We will be pleased to send same, if you will write us and address your inquiry to Department ‘‘S.”’’ We do not grind zinc in oil. A list of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application, Paints That, Last. are Oxide of Zinc Paints THE NEW JERSEY ZINC CO. 7) Broadway, New York L. WOLFF MANUFACTURING COMPANY ESTABLISHED 1855 MANUFACTURERS OF PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY THE ONLY COMPLETE LINE MADE BY ANY ONE FIRM Showrooms: 91 DEARBORN ST. DENVER CHICAGO TRENTON e XViii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 The Kewanee System of Water Supply Will Solve Your Water Supply Problem The Kewanee System of Water Supply will solve your water supply problem to your entire satisfaction, economically and permanently. The Kewanee System has successfully solved over seven thousand of these problems for country and suburban homes, public institutions, apartment buildings, hotels, neighborhood water works, small towns and cities. If you live in the city and the pressure is not strong enough, or the water is impure, or the water rental is exorbitant, then it will pay you to investigate the Kewanee System. If you live in the country or the suburbs and desire every convenience and comfort offered by the best city water works, then learn what the Kewanee System will do for you. Whether your requirements are moderate or extensive; whether you have but one building or a hundred buildings, the Kewanee System can be installed to your advantage. Our broad practical experience and the technical knowledge of our hy- draulic engineers are placed at your service; and we make no charge for preliminary estimates and_ plans. When you install the Kewanee Sys- tem, we protect you with a guaran- tee of satisfactory results. Write for our complete sixty-four page illustrated catalog which gives fullinformation regarding the Kewanee System of Water Supply. It is the most complete catalog on water supply ever published. It will give youaclear idea of the great possibilities of the Kewanee System, how simple it is and how easily adapted to your needs. Tell us what you want supplied with water and we will send you this catalog by return mail. Ask for catalog No. 36. Kewanee Water Supply Co., Kewanee, IIl. itv. Away, New York City. 820 Marquette Building, Chicago. 404 Equitable Bldg., Baltimore. paint man of long experience. Wood Rollers Philosophy of Protective Paint A practical treatise on the subject of protective paint by a practical Write for free copy No. 106 B. Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J. Hartshorn Shade Rollers Dear the script name of Stewart Hartshorn on label. Get ‘‘Improved,”’ no tacks required. Tin Rollers ALT F EVERY )DESCRIPTION. Ree i Ge Ca OcuES tion is given to the growth of the plants, it will be seen that new growth is starting at the crown of the plant; when this appears the tops of the plants should all be removed down to this new growth, which will rapidly come for- ward and produce flowers in abundance al- most, if not quite, equal to those of the early spring. An occasional dose of liquid manure— say twice a week—will greatly benefit these fall blossoms, as by this time the first richness of the bed will have become exhausted. Pan- sies may be carried over to the second year and will give very satisfactory results, but will not be quite as fine as the young plants. The only satisfactory winter protection for the open air pansy bed is found in a covering of ever green boughs or a blanket of snow; leaves settle around the crown of the plant, freeze and cause decay; evergreen boughs when used should be arranged to rest on some support— a pole lying on notched sticks lengthways of the bed, their tops down so that they may shed rain and bank snow; this gives the ideal protection and should be employed whenever available. “The blanket of snow, when it stays on all winter, leaves nothing to be desired. PLANTS THAT TELL THE WEATHER By W. G. Fitz-Gerald OME flowers there are that care nothing for the weather. Wet or fine, hail or snow, they make a brave show. Such are the sweet-pea, fuchsia, heather, hyacinth and others of the “bell” flowers. But even a casual glance at our fields will show that many other flowers and plants are by no means so indifferent. “Thus a meadow that will be radiant with flowers on a sunny day is utterly transformed when the clouds are lowering and torrents of rain falling. Nor is this change due to the prevailing grayness of the day. For if you examine the meadow at close quarters you will see that it is mainly the flowers themselves that have wrought the change. Many plants have closed up their blooms and entirely hidden all the gay petals. Others, again, have merely drooped earthward, presenting only somber colored backs to the falling rain. Much the same thing happens on banks where in early summer the little Stellaria shines forth like so many stars from a brilliant green background. The moment bad weather comes these stars disappear, and the bank they adorned becomes dull and uninteresting. The pretty star of Bethlehem is equally sensitive and shows or hides her sweet face just as the weather alter- nates from bad to good, and vice versa. On a fine day our garden borders may be brilliant with white stars, but the moment clouds ap- pear and the rain descends they withdraw themselves and fold up their little petals with anxious care. The green sepals now close over and form an impenetrable rain coat, showing only a series of ragged-looking plants, from whose pointed leaves and striped tapering buds the water trickles harmlessly. The Eschscholtzias, too, are ‘“‘fair weather” flowers, flaunting gorgeously in the sunshine, but shrinking from bad weather. Let the day be merely dull and they will not even awake from the night’s sleep, but remain tightly closed. True, if morning opens with promise they are lured to unfold their orange petals, and bask a little at breakfast time; but should the day refuse to fulfil its promise, the Esch- scholtzias calmly wrap up their flowers with as much care as a little girl does her dainty muslin frock, fearing the slightest wetting or the menace of lowering clouds. These folding processes are sometimes sim- ple enough, but when a long spell of wet September, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS XIX OLClasa ~~ I am the Paintman. I make Paint to order—for the individual user. I sell it direct from factory—at factory prices. I ship it in special extrasize cans—guaranteed to contain full measure of paint. These cans are dated the day the paint is made—your guarantee that it is absolutely fresh when you get it. Out of any six-gallon order or over you may use two gal- lons on your buildings. Then stand off and look at it—test it in any way you like, If it is satisfactory—use the bal- ance. If it is not satisfactory—return the balance — I’ll refund all of your money — pay the transportation charges both ways—and the test shan’t cost you a penny. That’s my way of selling my Made-to-Order Paint. I'm the only paintmaker in the United States selling it that way. I’m the only paint- maker in the United States making paint to order, My Paint will please you—it’s got to please you, You are the judge—and if it doesn’t it shan’t cost you anything, There’s no question about the purity of my Paint—no question aboutit’s high quality. There can ’t be—because it’s made from the pure materials—the best it is possible to buy. My O. L. Chase Strictly Pure White Lead Paint—The Roll of Honor Brand—an all White Lead paint—is made from strictly pure Old Dutch Process White Lead—strictly pure, well settled, aged, raw Linseed Oil made from North- Two Full Gallons Free to Try. Purity Guaranteed. Freight Prepaid. I Challenge the World on my Strictly Pure All White Lead Paint @. L. GHASE, The Paintman, Dept.126, St.Louis, Mo. STRIGTLY PURE ALL WHITE LEAD PAINT MADE FRESH TO ORDER Sold om Time. ern grown selected flax seed—pure Spirits of Turpentine and pure Turpentine Drier, and the necessary tinting colors and nothing else. This paint stands the tests of any chemist—this I guaran- tee under $100.00 cash forfeit. I will give that sum of money to any chemist who will find any adulteration in this paint. It’s just whatit’s name implies—the Roll of Honor Brand. It meets all of the requirements of the State Pure Paint Laws and more, I challenge the world on this Roll of Honor Brand—and asI make it to order for each individual user—ship it fresh as soon as made that you may get all of its life right on your buildings—it is assuredly the best paint in the world to buy. I want to teil you more about my Made-to-Order paint proposi- tion—want to send you my Big Fresh Paint Book, together with samples of colors to choose from—and tell you all about my Three Great Chase Made-to-Order Paints My Roll _of Honor Brand,-my 40-60 Lead and Zinc Paint,—and my @O. L. Chase Durability Paint. When you've read these books I’m sure you will be con- vinced that it will be more economy—and more satisfaction —for you to let me make your paint to order, than to buy paint of any other kind—made in any other way. Write for these Books at once—/oday, DO YOU WANT A HOME LIKE THIS? or one equally pleasing. Then buy My Books or write me ;| about special plans. My designs areall artistic, but home- like and comfortable, my planscomplete, and estimates careful and honest. Individual Designing A Specialty. PICTURESQUE SUBURBAN HOUSES (New 1907). Price by mail,$2.60. New, artistic and original designs forCement, Stoneand Frame houses. Colonial, Spanish and English styles, from $3,000 to $10,000.. Estimates and full descriptions. The Best Book of its kind published. NEW PICTURESQUE COTTAGES. Price by mail,$1.00. Containing original and beautiful aesiene for ei Homes, from $2,800 to $6,000. F BUNGALOWS, PICTURESQUE SUMMER COTTAGES. Vol. III. 1906. Price by mail, $2.0 and one-and-a-half story Bungalows in various styles. $1,000 up. Price by mail, $1.00. New and Revised 1906 Edition. a unique and artistic book, containing designs for one Printed in Sepia tones. Old favor- ites and new designs for Stone, Shingle and Rustic Summer Cottages. E. E. HOLMAN, Room 14, 1020 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. BURLINGTON "2" SCREENS AND SCREEN DOORS Venetian Blind for inside window and outdoor veranda. Any wood; any finish to match trim. @ Equal 500 miles northward. Perfect privacy with doors and windows open. Darkness and breezes BLIND Sliding Blinds for inside use. Require no pockets. Any wood; any finish. in sleeping rooms. WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO.., 975 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont weather is threatened each petal folds into a little twist by itself, so that four small spiral pyramids stand up on each flower stalk, to face the downpour in perfect assurance. Even the familiar daisy is a well known “barometer-plant.” Does not its yellow eye open out to sunny days and close to duller ones? And its big coarse brother, the dande- lion, seems to be just as sensitive. In the case of the daisy, however, each head is made up of many flowers, and it is the petal rays of the strap-like florets that wrap over and protect the inner tubular stationary ones. As to the dwarf or carline thistle, so no- torious are its faculties for indicating the weather that its dry flower heads are actually used in certain rural districts as weather gauges. When the sky is cloudless and the air dry and clear, the flower-heads open out bold- ly, with the dry scaly leaves surrounding the inner flowers radiating all round with perfect confidence. But let the air grow humid, in- dicating that rain is not far off, and the radi- ating ring rises to close domelike in protec- tion over the flower’s heart. I have often watched the water running off this “dome,” just as quickly as it does off any sloping roof built with human hands. In England the well-known little scarlet pimpernel is called the ‘poor man’s weather glass,” so quickly do its little blossoms follow changes in the weather by. opening and clos- ing. [he pimpernel is quite wonderfully re- liable as a weather prophet—far more so than many an expensive barometer hanging in a rich man’s house. This flower finds a living on the dryest and poorest waysides, and is perhaps the best known of all the barometer plants. Such com- posite flowers as the chicory, nipple-wort and marigold are also sensitive in the matter of weather, as also are such bell flowers as the clustered and nettle-leaved campanulas. Opuntias, flaxes, white magnolias, crocuses and stately water lilies are all infallible indi- cations of weather to come. I am often asked what actuates plants and flowers in this way. The fact is, their object is to safeguard their greatest treasure. For in the flower’s heart are placed the tiny seeds in a case, and round ther» © _yually valuable stamens carrying the precious pollen-dust fully exposed to the air. Thus if cuplike flowers such as the Eschscholtzias remained open in wet weather, a miniature rain pool would form and fill each blossom to the brim from one end of its life to the other, washing away and spoiling the sod- den pollen dust. Moreover, no insect would care to dive through the pool in search of honey! And there would be no messengers to carry out the marvelous acts of fertilization from one flower to another. uke off your Hat to the Aon whether you need-Hand or Power Hay es Store Ladders, Gate Han Fixtures ERS’ ar =e Always Best Quality and Service is the Myers slogan— you've always got your money’s worth and a bargain besides when you buy from MYERS, 380-Page Catalog with close prices FREE. fF. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio Baumruk’ s Fountain Brushes See the easiness of werk done with Baumruk’s Fountain Brush for cleaning all kinds of vehicles, windows, — porches, floors, sidewalks, etc. hey are made to beconnected to any water reservoir, hydrant or pail. e make Fountain Brushes for all kinds of work where a brush can be used. If your local dealer cannot supply you order direct from us. Price of Porch Brush, $2.00. Send for free catalog. Baumruk Fountain Brush Co., (Inc.) a 599 W. 26th St., Chicago, Ill. Xx AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1907 The Varnish that lasts longest Made by Murphy Varnish Company. Relating to Architecture, Decoration, Ceramics, Rugs, Furniture, etc., will be rec- ommended and supplied by our well-equippe Book Department BOO OOK onohon =~ Munn @ Co. 361 Broadway, New York a ON SEPTEMBER Re ne YY ve # Hy | ] N ‘ y ‘ ‘ N H ‘ H a ey a << “sr ie Le <= a om AAAS Ss GUNTER'S MAGAZINE 15 CENTS For this reason do many flowers seek to pro- tect their pollen; and the more sensitive the plant to slight atmospheric changes the more successfully does it guard its treasure. Now let us consider the barometer plants that do not actually close their petals in bad weather, but droop their heads so that a cup becomes a anging bell, presenting only its back to the rainfall. The little wild geranium stands up pink and bold on bright days, but droops percepti- bly in damp weather, until at length its face is to the ground. The pretty mauve heads of the sheep-bit or scabious act in just the same way, as also does the Claytonia—a cheerful enough creature in fair weather but very de- jected and insignificant on a showery day. I have often watched a patch of Alpine po- tentilla that grew in a rock garden. On a brilliant spring morning it was a blaze of gold, and the tender green foliage was thickly studded with exquisite little yellow blossoms. But on a dull wet day the short stems turned quite over and lay almost at right angles to their original positions, while the yellow cups were turned entirely upside down. Other plants that prefer this method of pro- tection for their pollen, and therefore pose as weather prophets, are the cinquefoil, potato, wood-sorrel, campanula, chickweed and wil- low-herb. The last-named is especially wily. On a bad day you will see most of the flowers bent over, while a few remain erect. Here, you will say, the barometer role is uncertain and left to chance. But investigate more closely and you will see it is only the older flowers that do not bend. All the younger ones have done so, and a little further knowl- edge of each flower’s life story explains the point. The life of each is but three days. On the first two the stamens are ripe, and scattering their pollen on all insect visitors. “The third day, however, the function of the stamens is ended, but the carpels containing the seeds are now ready for inoculation by pollen for the first time. Here is a clever scheme to en- sure cross fertilization; but its interest for us is that the flowers do not droop over on the third day, because there is no longer any need to protect the pollen. But, it may be asked, if plants and flowers think rain injurious in this way, how is it there are notable exceptions? ‘The fact is that most do make provision for their flowers against the rain, but such provision can- be made in many ways. ‘There is no real need for plant or flower to turn into a “barometer” to effect this. “Thus in such plants as the monkshood, violet, yellow rattle, snapdragon, sweet-pea and others, their curiously shaped petals provide a kind of permanent roof over the stamens. In the globe flower the yellow sepals never open out entirely, but always close the stamens in. And in the arums the green sheathing spathe is a permanent protection. Again, many plants that bear their buds in an upright posture to begin with, invert them into a drooping attitude directly they begin to open, and remain thus until after the pollen has matured. Then the stalks straighten themselves again, and the fruit is borne up- right. This happens with the fritillaries, the water avens and brugmansias, as well as the deadly night-shade, lily of the valley and many others. Moreover, some plants have little lids on their anthers or pollen-boxes. ‘Thus the laurels and bastard toad-flax are so provided, and these lids close in when the weather is damp, and only open when the sun is out and the air quite dry. In the case of the bastard toad- flax, these wonderfully ingenious “lids” are so sensitive that they will shut up within thirty seconds of the approach of moisture! een PA pect ) ih m Pi. Artistic Hantels @ OUR CATALOGUES con- tain 130 designs, including Mission, ® Colonial, ® White, Mahogany & Oak. Every- thing, from the very cheapest to the best. qd Fireplace Hardware and Tiling of every description. Catalogue and Special Designs sent on receipt of 25c. in postage. The Geo. W. Clark Co. 306 Main Street Jacksonville, Fla. Factory, Knoxville, Tenn. Unity Building Chicago, Tl. MISSION MANTEL FOR DEN IEMs a SSS — Ss i, oN — SS wi PONG ww SSS NS SS SSS LIED ET, ea I OTE ELE TE 5 THE WORLD’S BEST PIANO-PLAYER THE MELODANT-ANGELUS The best that can be said of the ordinary piano-player is that it enables the performer to give a fairly creditable imitation of the hand-playing of the average pianist. How different with the MELODANT-ANGELUS! The MELODANT-ANGEGQUS $s thé only épiapo-player made, by whose aid the player, even though a novice, is enabled toTendlet any beléctiont= Sher or classica] — with a musical brilliancy which astonishes and delight® thé person of critical musical ta8t¢. A performance on the MELODANT-ANGELUS is as artistic irevéry Senge and as musically per- fect as that of an acknowledged master of piano-mifsic. Thet deljcate, fitger$ taf the MELODANT- ANGELUS bring out the best there is in the pianéds,°° The .Phrasing Lever, Diaphragm Pipe umudtics and Melody Buttons —all exclusive features of the ANGELUS entirely eliminate the meehanicatettect. These devices enable the player to inject personal feeling into the performance ahd to’ ate’pref-gny composition in the way that most appeals to him. With the MELODANT, the new devied exehisive with the ANGELUS, the most artistic music is produced without thought of expression on the part of the performer. Before purchasing your piano-player just hear the MELODANT-ANGELUS once. The music of other piano-players can no more be classed with that of the MELODANT-ANGELUS than the playing of an ordinary pianist can be classed with that of a Paderewski or a Rubenstein. Pianos, with the ANGELUS built within the case, from $550 upwards—the Cabinet ANGELUS, which plays any make of piano, $250. Write us for name of nearest representative and free descriptive literature. THE WILCOX & WHITE CO. Meriden, Conn. Established 1876 MENNENS BORATED TALCUM “‘When Frost is on the Pumokin and fodder's in the shock,’’ there comes a feeling of satisfaction to daily users of " Mennen’s Borated Talcum Toilet Powdes at having survived the summer months with elear skin and com- p plexions unimpaired. Mennen’s is a safe and pure toilet necessity, delightful after bathing and after shaving, and indispensable in the nursery. 7 For your protection it is put upin a non-refillable box—the box that lox.” If MENNEN’S face is on the cover it's genuine and a guarantee of purity. Guaranteed under the Food and Drugs Act, June 30th, 1906. Serial No. 1542. Sold everywhere, or by mail, 25 cents. Sample Free. GERHARD MENNEN CO., Newark, N. J. Try MENNEN’S Violet (Borated) Talcum Toilet Powder It has the scent of fresh-cut Parma Violets Dustless Sweeping an Accomplished Fact * Bissell “CYCO” Bearing Carpet Sweeper will cleanse your carpets and rugs with 95% less effort than a corn broom re- quires, and at the same time completely dispose of the dust. Have you ever con- sidered how acorn broom injures your carpets and fine rugs? You wouldn't | think of using a whisk broom to clean a fine velvet gown, and yet the damaging | effect is just the same in using a corn |) _ broom for sweeping fine carpets and rugs. | _ The rapidly revolving brush of the | Bissell touches the carpet uniformly and |) without the slightest injury, removing all the grit and dust, and depositing same | within the pans. The use of the Bissell means saving of time, carpets, labor and health, besides a last longer than fifty brooms. Price $2.50 to $5.50 Buy a Bissell *‘Cyco” Bear- ing Sweeper now of your dealer, send us the pur- i’ chase slip within one jf week, and we will send you FREE, a neat, useful present. Send for free booklet. Dept. 125 Bissell Carpet Sweeper Co., Grand Rapids, Michigan. (Largest and Only Exciusive Carpet Sweeper Makers in the i World: : y, | Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year Cows DRINKING AT THE BROOKSIDE AT EVENTIDE MoNTHLY COMMENT NoraBLE AMERICAN Homes—‘‘Millbrook Farm,” the Country Home of J. Franklin McFad- den, Esq., Haverford, Pennsylvania By Barr Ferree HEATING THE HOUSE GARDENING WITHOUT SOIL By 8. Leonard Bastin Hisroric MANSIONS OF THE JAMES River.—II. “Shirley,” the Ancestral Home of the Carters By Francis Durando Nichols STENCILING THE APPLE By Adrian VV eimas Tue NINETEENTH CENTURY BEDROOM By Esther Singleton SMALL AMERICAN HoMEs By Paul Thurston FON. TOME OURAN AN- AUTOMOBILE: occ: oo actet Vacs adie. .ae eS se By Harry B. Haines Port SUNLIGHT, A SIGNIFICANT ENGLISH EXPERIMENT IN VILLAGE BUILDING. By Mabel Tuke Priestman The Suburban Pear Tree. Garden Work for October. The Sanitation of the Country House. New Books. Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada $3.50 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - = - = FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1907, by Munn & Company. Registered in U. S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. se. eGR NT ANS, Sr Sea ae Cows Dmnking at the Brookside at Eventide AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Volume IV October, | 907 Number 10 “Millbrook Farm’”—The Old Ice House Beneath the Great Catalpa Is Now a Vine-covered Summerhouse 364 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1907 Monthly Comment a) )) HE latest word in building fashions is one fraught with the saddest woe. ‘The foyer hall, it appears, must go, and for the very good and practical reason that it is not suited to courting uses! A pretty state of affairs, forsooth, and one that calls for in- stant remedying. The parlor, the old- fashioned parlor, if you please, seems to be an indispensable adjunct of the most noble art of love-making. And the par- lor has been on the decline, lo, these years and days. In many cases it has utterly disappeared from the modern house plan, and in others it has survived as a ‘‘reception-room”’ of the smallest possible dimensions. ‘These narrow quarters might be supposed to be ample for such delectable proceed- ings, but even they are not without their undesirable qualifica- tions, and the only safety, the only absolute safety, seems to be in the immediate and complete extermination of the foyer hall with its open stairway, its spacious hospitable dimensions, its utter freedom, its elegance, its convenience to every one not engaged in the aforsaid occupation which cries aloud for its extermination. Cao i eaah SAAT 2) \S: Tue truth of the matter seems to be that bashful young men will not even so much as enter such spacious and semi- public apartments. ‘The proud possessor of one of these new- fangled rooms, therefore, finds his daughters on his hands in- definitely, while the maiden who once rejoiced in the latest thing in family rooms finds herself compelled to pass her evenings in solitary loneliness or surrounded by such unin- teresting company as is provided by her immediate family. Rural regions, it is said, feel these distressing circumstances much more keenly than the cities, for in rural regions the parlor has a historic place in the art of courting that the foyer hall utterly refuses to supply. Everyone knows how important courting is, and the end of this very useful apart- ment is not only in sight, but would appear to have actually arrived. Fathers with marriageable daughters and foyer halls—perish the combination—may, therefore, be expected to place their houses in the market for immediate sale at marked-down prices. Tne scarcity of rural help of all kinds was never more marked than at present. ‘Chat the farmers have been in a bad way for help of all kinds for several years is very gen- erally known; but the scarcity has now extended to every form of rural help, and rests quite as heavily upon the well- to-do in places near the large cities as upon those residing at remote spots. ‘The satisfied dependable servant is becoming so rare an article as to have almost completely disappeared. The changing of plans to suit the convenience of servants has long ceased to be a joke, and has become a grim reality. One may, indeed, descend on one’s country seat with a full retinue of retainers, but one is fortunate if the return in the fall is mace in the same triumphal fashion. Nor is this all. Frest Floor Pian - AMERICAN HOMES. AND GARDENS October, 1907 clo> Bd 6 ky u * SECOND FLooR PLAN - |The Piazza Is an Indispensable Feature of the Small House Small American Homes By Paul Thurston Four Houses at W ayne, Pennsylvania NE of the most difficult problems which confronts all architects is the building of inexpensive houses that contain character- istics Which make them distinctive and, at the same time, embrace all the features and comforts of the modern up-to-date house. While the plans of each of these four houses designed by Mr. Laurence Vissher Boyd, architect, of Philadelphia, Pa., which are illustrated herewith, are somewhat similar in the arrangement of their rooms, showing the same number of them, this is the result of much specialized study by the architect. A greater freedom was exercised in the designing of the exteriors, the object being to avoid, so far as possible, a development along one line. The house presented in Figs. 3 and 4 is eminently simple. The terrace porch of the front is inclosed within a balustrade and is partly covered by a hood supported on wooden brack- ets; an old armed settle stands at one side. A living-porch, isolated and on the side of the house, is reached from the hall. The building has a rock-faced stone underpinning, and the superstructure, from the underpinning to the peak, is covered 1 | Bcwoser First Froor Pian - Seconp Froor PLAN 2—Similanity in Plan by no Means Necessitates Similarity in Exterior Design October, 1907 Kive HEN to: «fl 6. DINING Room. 13}6 x 14-0 Liprary og RECEPTION Hacc. 10-0 wide. PARLOR. 13.67% 136°, First Froor Pian. with hand-split cypress shingles laid nine inches to the weather, and painted white, harmonizing well with the green painted blinds and the tile-red color of the stained shingled roof. The woodwork around the sash and the sash frames are painted white. ‘he interior plan shows a reception-hall, library, dining-room and kitchen on the first floor, four bed- rooms and bathroom on the second floor and two bedrooms and a trunk room on the third floor. The hall is trimmed with chestnut and stained a Flemish brown. It contains an ornamental staircase with a seat at one side. The library is trimmed and finished in a similar manner, and is separated from the hall by an archway with columns resting on paneled pedestals. ‘The dining-room is BEDROOM, toro x it: 6" | | ceoser. Beproom. I2-o x 12-6. BEOROOM . 6 «12-67, Floor PLAN. AMERICAN HOMES. AND GARDENS 3—A Simple Exterior Painted White, with Green Shutters painted old ivory white and has a plate rack around the room. A brick fireplace, with a Colonial mantel, is in one corner. The butler’s pantry is fitted with dressers, sinks and cup- boards. A door opens from the pantry to the kitchen and laundry, both of which are trimmed with chestnut and fin- ished natural. The former is fitted with a range, sink and a pot closet, while the laundry is fitted with washtrays. The four bedrooms on the second floor are trimmed with chestnut and are finished natural. The bathroom is painted with white enamel and is finished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. ‘The two bedrooms on the third floor are treated with ivory-white paint. ‘There is a cellar under the entire house, containing the heating appa- 4—The Living-porch on the Side Is Quite Distinct from the Entrance Porch on the Front 388 AMERICAN HOMES AN DD GAR DIEING October, 1907 ne Receptions Hall 83 x Iso ? ee * First Flooe PLAN - 5 The Gambrel Roof Is the Leading Motif of this Design ratus, fuel rooms and storage, all conveniently arranged. The house shown in Figs. 5 and 6 is quite distinct from the one shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Mr. Boyd, in designing this house, accepted the gambrel roof as his leading motif. The piazza across the front has Doric fluted columns supporting the roof. This treatment, together with the stone and brick chimney, form the chief architectural features of the exterior. The underpinning is built of rock-faced stone, and the building, above, is covered on the exterior with white pine shingles, stained a silver gray, while the blinds and trim- mings are painted white, and the roof is covered with shingles and stained tobacco brown. The entrance is from the side, thereby giving a certain amount of privacy to the front piazza. The reception-hall 6—Donc Columns Support the Porch Roof and the living-room are irregular in form; they are both trimmed with chestnut and finished in a Flemish brown. The hall has a bay-window and an ornamental staircase, which is in combination with the kitchen stairs, and the space usually allotted for a staircase is utilized for other purposes. The living-room is separated from the hall by a grille and arch. It has an attractive corner fitted with an open fireplace built of bricks, with the facings and hearth of similar brick and a mantel of good design. From the fireplace a paneled seat extends along the wall and returns to the bay-window on the front. The dining-room is at the rear of the hall and is painted old ivory white. The pantry and kitchen are trimmed with chestnut and are finished natural. Each is fitted with all the best modern conveniences complete. The Root SS > =r Bed Reom ri Bed kiom ars t+ Ih x2" | — S| _-—— EES =) Clos ares | clow clos. nae! Bdth kee YP expe" Bed Koom = Utes Kes Bedioe IZ-y% tA | (/ + SECOND Floor PLAN - AMERICAN October, 1907 four bedrooms on the second floor are trimmed with chest- nut, stained and _ fin- ished in Flemish brown. The bath- room is painted ivory white and is fitted with porcelain fix- tures and exposed nickelplated —plumb- ing. ‘There are two bedrooms, painted white, and a trunk room on the third floor, while a ce- cellar mented con- tains a heating aip pian astu's,, «fuel ett rooms and laundry. The house shown in Fig. 1 has an at- tractive piazza with Doric columns, bay- windows and a roof with dormer win- dows. The walls and roof are covered with cedar shingles left to weather finish. The entrance hall and living-room are trimmed with chest- nut, stained and fin- ished in soft brown. The living-room has an open fireplace with red brick facings and hearth, and mantel. The dining-room is painted old ivory white and has a bay-window with seat, a nook for buffet, and an open fireplace with tiled hearth and facings and a Colonial mantel. A door opens into the pan- try and rear hall, from which stairs rise to the second and third stories and descend to the cellar. Another door opens into the kitchen, which contains range, dressers and sink. The laundry is fitted with laundry tubs and a store closet. There are four large bedrooms on the second floor, trimmed with chestnut. One of these bedrooms has an open fireplace with facings and mantel. The bathroom is painted with white enamel and is finished with porcelain fixtures and exposed _ nickelplated plumbing. There are two bedrooms and a storage room on the Chivirdtioor, . A. ce- mented cellar contains the heating apparatus, fuel rooms and_stor- age space. A fourth house (Fig. 2) has an ex- terior covered with pine shingles, with the roof covered with sim- ilar shingles stained moss green. The trim- mings and blinds are painted old ivory white. The under- pinning is constructed of local rock-faced HOMES VAND GARDENS —— . sis Pian window. 7—A Design Based on Spanish Motifs 8—The Piazza and Loggias Are the Distinctive Features 389 stone. ‘The interior has a_reception-hall and parlor trimmed with chestnut and stained and finished a Flemish brown, while the dining-room is treated with white paint. The hall con- tains a paneled seat and an ornamental Staircase, and the living-room is sepa- rated from it by col- umns supported on pedestals. ‘The din- ing-room has an open fireplace and bay- The but- ler’s pantry, kitchen and laundry are fitted up similar to the ones already described, containing all the best modern conveniences. There are four bed- rooms, painted ivory white, and a_bath- room on the second floor and two bed- rooms on the third floor. The bathroom is painted with white enamel and furnished SS with porcelain fix- J sxeonoftooe tures and _ exposed nickelplated —plumb- ing. There are two bedrooms and trunk room on the third story and a cemented cellar contains a heating apparatus, fuel rooms and storage space. House of Jacob Menken, Esq., at Dyker Heights, New York Mr. Menken’s house shows a conformity to historical styles of Spanish feeling. The principal features are the broad piazza and loggias. ‘The balustrade of the piazza and the exterior of the house is built on a frame construction and covered with metal lath and stucco composed of Portland cement. ‘The quaint sloping roof forms a cover for the house and the loggias and is sheathed with shingles finished natural. The entrance is into a great square living- room, twenty-three feet wide and twenty- nine feet in length. It is trimmed with quar- tered oak, and has a massive beamed ceiling and a_ high paneled wainscoting. An open fireplace opposite the entrance is built with brick facings and hearth and a mantel of - olden oak, Lo the right of the en- trance is the study, 399 with a high wainscoting finished with a plate rack. The stair- case to the second story is recessed into an alcove just be- yond the space occupied by the study. Opening from the alcove is the lavatory. The kitchen is conveniently arranged with a large pantry, range, sink and laundry tubs. The shop off the living- room is fitted with all the appliances for work. The room could be util- ized for a dining- room under ordi- nary circumstances. There are two bedrooms and a large bathroom on the second floor; the bathroom is wain- scoted with tiles and is furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed plumb- ing. The house cost five thousand five hundred dollars complete, and was designed by Mr. C. Schubert, architect, of Dyker Heights. A Concrete Block House on Staten Island y cone The blocks of which the main walls of this house, which was built by Mr. James W. Hughes, were con- structed were made in a Normandin ma- chine, a small shed supplying the neces- sary shelter for the blocks until hard- ened enough to be piled in the yard, where they were kept Yt TCHEN /3 X15 DEN 10-6X/36 DINING Boor. 12 X14 wet for about ten days. While the Ling Loork blocks were hard en- ee ough to be laid in the wall in two A weeks, it was possi- -—_— ble to make enough ; in advance so that Wee the majority were ——— nearer a month old Jiest [Looe flan | before moving them fromeet-hé sycasud. Three sizes of blocks were used, 12 inch for the basement, 8 inch for the walls and 6 inch for the interior partition walls. The blocks were made of Atlas Portland cement and coarse sand, in the pro- portion of one of cement to four of sand. The walls were laid up in a cement mortar. These blocks are easily laid, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 9—A House Built of Concrete Blocks October, 1907 for they require a small number of joints and little mortar. There is, of course, some objection to the uneven breaks in the blocks about the windows and doors and at the corners of the building, but this is very easily overcome, as in the present case, by giving the whole structure a coat of cement mortar finished with a pebble dash. There have been quite a few houses built with solid re- inforced concrete walls, but this hol- low block construc- tion has an ad- vantage over the former, for the rea- son that the hollow spaces keep out all possible dampness and also form good ducts for the run- ning of ventilating flues, pipes and elec- tric wires. The ext error walls are tinted a cream yellow, while the sashes and the smooth spaces about the windows are painted white. The blinds are painted bottle green, and the roof is covered with shingles stained a moss green. The plans practically reproduce an earlier house. The hall is trimmed with oak, and it has an ornamental stair- case with turned balusters and newel posts. The parlor and dining-room are separated by sliding doors, and each is trimmed with oak. The din- ing-room has an open fireplace built with brick facings and hearth and an oaken mantel. The den is also trimmed with oak and con- tains an open fire- place the same as the dining-room. The kitchen and its de- pendencies are com- plete in their ap- pointments. There are four bedrooms and a bathroom on the second floor, and one servants’ bed- room and trunk room on the third floor. The bathroom is finished with porcelain fixtures and exposed _nickelplated plumbing. ‘The cellar, cemented, is provided with a hot- water system of heating, fuel rooms and storage space. S£conpflook PLAN October, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 391 A= _™ — ca 9 Sa = 1OVETOTOURIN AN AUTO Ma By Harry B. Haines DEAS differ widely, of course, as to the most suitable type of car for touring. Many en- thusiastic motorists who have toured thou- sands of miles prefer to drive in a light high- powered runabout of the style that has leaped into sudden popularity within a year. Arrow Old Style [in Roof twice saved this building from destruction by fire ARMOUR g Bay, iy : a Bao THIS WAREHOUSE. affords a convincing illustration of the fire-proof qualities of “'Target-and-Arrow Old Style” roofing tin. It is located in Philadelphia and owned by S. D. Hunsberger. In the spring of last year the building adjoining was destroyed by fire, rebuilt and again destroyed by fire in the fall. At the time of both fires the wind carried the flames and sparks directly across the roof of the warehouse, but without damage to the Re-Use hyilding and the tin itself required only a re-soldering of some of the seams i oilddets ~~ and a new coat of paint. No roofing material manufactured offers the fire-resisting qualities of tin. No tin manufactured offers the weather-resisting qualities of “Target-and-Arrow Old Style.” It makes the safest, most sanitary and most serviceable roof for any building. ‘The roof of any structure is of sufficient importance to warrant a study of the subject before building. Our booklets, “A Guide to Good Roofs” and the “Tin Roofer’s Hand Book,’’ both sent free on request, will be found to be informing and authoritative text-books. N. & G. TAYLOR COMPANY (is) PHILADELPHIA c AG REGISTERED ©) NECIAMORCO | PHILADELPHIA ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1907 — — R Today ~ FREE Tells how to beau- tify your homeat little expense. \ New Book Use Coupon Below. This book is worth $25 to you if you want to improve the appearance af your floors, woodwork and furniture. Do not finish or refinish your home without first seeing this book. It will save you money. It tells all about wood-finishing. \ Are you entirely satisfied with the appearance of your furniture, floors and woodwork? Do they harmonize? Would you like to know how to easily and inexpensively refinish them and keep them in perfect condition? Write us now for above book, “The Proper Treatment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture.” Tells all about wood-finishing in such 4 manner that any person can easily change the color of wood and finish in any shade, such as Weathered, Mission, Forest Green, Flemish, Mahogany, etc. Johnson’s Prepared Wax “*4 Complete Finish and Polish for all Wood”’ For Furniture, Woodwork and Floors Thousands of thrifty housewives and successful business men are refinishing their homes the “Johnson” way. Try it—it’s very interesting and fascinating. You will get perfect results at minimum cost. Be sure to use. Johnson’s Wood Dye for the artistic coloring of wood (all shades), !2-pint cans. 30c.; pint cans, 50c. 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These qualities are embodied to the highest degree in the five hundred and more different kinds of confectionery made and sold under the Necco Sweets Seal. That you may know how good Necco Sweets really are, try a box of exor peniateS Their many : charming flavors wiil delight you. Every piece, daintily covered with nch chocolate, Is a sweet surprise. Necco Sweets are sold by all dealers who sell high grade goods. If your dealer does not have them, send us 25 cents for an attractive package of Lenox Chocolates; or, better still, order one of our special $1.00 packages ina handsome art box. Either package sent postpaid. The best assurance of the goodness and whole- someness of all Necco Sweets is that they more than meet every requirement of the Pure Food Law. Your attention is called also to Peerless Wafers and Necco Tablets. Try them. NEW ENGLAND CONFECTIONERY COMPANY. Summer and Melcher Sts., Boston, Mass. Trade Mark REG.U.S PAT. OFF. New England Confectionery Ce -BOSTON: AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1907 ening off of the growth of the latter part of the season. Plants that have recently been brought into the house shouldbe kept away from fire heat as far as possible. Heat stimulates growth, and we do not want these plants to grow until they have adjusted themselves to the new order of things. Give very little water. On no account apply fertilizers. “They are in no condition to make use of rich food. Let that wait until.they have become well estab- lished. | Be on the constant lookout for insects. If any are discovered, wage war against them at once, and do not give up until you have con- quered’ them. Use water liberally, in the form of a spray, being sure to get at both sides of the foliage. This is to prevent the red spider: from getting a foothold. Most likely you potted bulbs intended for winter flowering last month. Pot a few more now, to secure a succession»: of bloom until late in the season. i Make sure that the plants in hanging pots and baskets get all the water they need. If they get dry at this season, they will be likely to remain in an unsatisfactory condition throughout the winter. A check of any kind at the beginning of the season is most un- fortunate. As soon as the chrysanthemums are past their prime cut away all the old top, and put the plants away in a cool place, where they will not get much water. Leave them there until next month, when they should go into the cellar. The vegetable garden will be much in evi- dence now. There will be a good deal of work to be done in it. Beets, parsnips, sal- sify, and nearly all other vegetables that are to be carried over the winter in the cellar should be dug up and stored away. I have best results in wintering them when I pack the roots in dry sand. ‘This prevents their wilting and enables them to retain their flavor, as they seldom do if left exposed. It also guards against mold in a damp cellar. Per- haps it is too early to put some of these veg- etables in storage in localities where cold weather is late in coming, but at the north it is not safe to count on good weather after the end of the present month. And to do good work in vegetable digging and gathering pleasant weather is needed. Celery can be removed to the cellar any time now. Dig up the plants in such a man- ner that a good deal of soil adheres to their roots. Set the plants closely together on the cellar bottom or put them on a bed of sphag- num moss. This will retain moisture well, and the successful wintering of celery consists in a large degree in keeping the roots moist and the tops dry. - Onions can be stored in almost any place that is dry and free from frost. Here they will keep much better than in a warm, damp cellar.- If you have a goodly supply of such veg- etables as parsnips, salsify, and the like, bury some of them in pits for spring use. Choose a well drained location for your pit, preferably on sloping ground. Make it two or three feet deep, and pack your vegetables away with layers of straw between them. Put straw over the top of them, and finish off with a foot or more of dry earth, which should be covered with something that will shed rain. In such a pit vegetables will keep perfectly, and be as fine in quality and flavor when you take them out in spring as they were when they went into winter quarters. You will never know how superior they are to cellar-wintered vegetables until you have tried pit-wintering. Spread coarse manure from the barnyard about the asparagus and rhubarb plants. This not so much for protection as for fall feeding October, 1907 AWVEER L@A Ne HOMES AND GARDENS XV of the roots of the plants to which you apply it. “The rain will soak the manurial elements out of the litter and take it down where the roots of the plants can get at it. _ Clear away all the rubbish in both vege- tabe and flower garden. ‘There is no good reason why these places should not look as neat and tidy in winter as in summer. Gather up the tools and store them in a dry place. Go over the metal parts of them with a good coat of oil to prevent their rust- ing in winter. If you have been troubled with worms in the garden, it is a good plan to plow it be- fore winter sets in. Turning up the soil will so expose eggs and larvae, and many of the creatures that have burrowed away, that comparatively few will survive the freezing to which they will be subjected. If you keep poultry do not neglect to pro- vide several barrels of road dust for the fowls to wallow in in winter. Now is a good time to gather it if the season has been a dry one. I would also suggest laying in a stock of good potting-soil. It frequently happens that some of the plants in the window garden re- quire repotting early in spring, and nine times out of ten they do not get the attention they demand because there is nothing at hand to put them in. And, of course, a plant that needs repotting is injured by not receiving the attention it calls for at the right time. Guard against this by storing away a boxful of soil where it can be got at at any time. THE SANITATION OF THE COUNTRY HOME By George Ethelbert Walsh HE proper sanitation of the modern home is a matter which concerns both the architect and owner, but more particu- larly the latter, who must live in it and rear his family. In the eagerness to build an ar- tistic home within a limited cost, the tempta- tion is strong to sacrifice some of those prin- ciples of common sanitation which go so far toward making life a pleasure and joy for- ever. “The house beautiful” is the popular fetish of the day; some live by it, and others, unfortunately, die as a result of it. External and interior effect must be secured at all hazards. When an enthusiastic client presents to an architect the rough sketches of what she expects in a house, the honest designer in- variably shrugs his shoulders and murmurs: “It can’t be done, madame, at that price— not without modifying some important details, such as sanitary plumbing, good cellar, and dampproof walls and foundations.” Then follows a series of compromises, cutting and paring of plans, alterations here and there, and final adjustment of details which may or may not work out as desired. “The honest architect, whose reputation is more to him than any immediate want of commissions, will not yield on certain important points. He will insist upon unity and consistency of arch- itectural design, good material and workman- ship, and, if he is wise in his day and gen- eration, he will not sacrifice the “healthful- ness” of the home for any consideration. But the temptation is strong to place effect above all else. “What a beautiful house!” are words of honey to the owner of a home when they drop from the lips of a friend or stranger. “The final goal of a laudable ambition has been achieved, and one finds unmistakable pleasure in residing in a house thus admired. The effect of esthetic surroundings of a home is of mental worth. ‘The health is un- doubtedly affected by our mental attitude to- ward the place in which we live. Restful Hardware as a Decorative Feature Every home-builder should make the selection of hard- ware trimmings a personal matter. If the choice is left to someone else you are almost certain to be dissatisfied with the result. Makeit a point to select the design and finish of the hardware yourself SARGENT’S Artistic Hardware offers unusual possibilities for making the hardware a decorative feature of the new home. Sargent’s Book of Designs (sent free) will be of real assistance to you. From the 68 patterns illustrated you will be able to choose the design to suit your taste and the archi- tecture of your house, and the selections which you make can be supplied through your local dealer. The Easy Spring Principle of Sargent’s Locks insures long life to the lock. You owe it to yourself to investigate its merits. Write for Sargent’s Book of Designs to-day— tl’s free for the asking. SARGENT & CO., 156 Leonard Street, New York. PAINT ABC'S Ps: is a thing the average house owner knows less about than he thinks he does— Yet it is a subject that is vitally important. Common regard for appearances makes a man want to keep the face of his home bright, clean, cheery and beautiful. Sound business sense makes him want to get paint that a, will give the best service—that will fail gradually, leaving a clean, smooth surface for repainting, that is most easily and economically applied, and that, when properly applied, avoids all the common paint faults of cracking, peeling, blistering, etc. Lowe Brothers “High Standard” Liquid Paint Gives Best Results It is made from the materials that thirty-three years of progressive paint-making have taught us contribute best to the working, wearing, Jooking qualities of paint. These are ground by the ‘‘A/zgh Standara’’ perfected process, finer than ‘* The Little other paint—more particles to the gallon—and the mixing is so thorough Blue Flag’’ that each fine particle is covered by a separate film of oil. “High Standard’’ Paint is scld in sealed, air-tight cans, always fresh and ready to use with uniform results. Look for ‘‘The Little Blue Flag’’—your protection. ‘‘Little Blue Flag’’ Varnish—the dest?. | Our free booklet, ‘‘Paint and Painting’’—is full of hard, practical paint common-sense. Let us mail you a copy, free, together with name of your nearest ‘“H7gh Standara’’ agent. The Lowe Brothers Company, 450-456 E. Third St., Paintmakers, Varnishmakers New York Chicago IN THIS CHARMING HOUSE All the windows are CASEMENTS swinging out, convenient, practical, and a joy and comfort to the owner. With one hand he can unlock, swing and relock his sash in any position, and he does not have to open the screens. Our beautiful FREE Book- let tells why. Dayton, O. Kansas City The Casement Hardware Co. Record-Herald Bidg., CHICAGO Details of Building Construction By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University Price, $2.00 A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introduo- tory text. This book is 10 by 124 in. in size, and substantially bound in cloth. For Sale by MUNN & COMPANY, 361 Broadway, New York Xvi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1907 Selection of / Wall Coverings In choosing wall coverings due consideration should be given to the color relation of furnishings and the finish of the woodwork. ‘The most artistic and pleasing effects are produced in interiors where walls are covered with FAB-RI-KO-NA |; (Trade wee rigs ait ah in U.S. Pat. Off. and MF. tn Gt. Britain.) WOVEN WALL COVERINGS The rich shades afford a wide variety of harmonious color combinations, while the strength of the fabrics, their durability, sanitary value and economy all combine to make FAB-RI-KO-NA Fabrics the ideal Wall Coverings. Fast Colors Exhaustive tests have proved time and again the permanency of FAB-RI-KO-NA- eolors. If you have used burlaps that taded quickly you had an inferior pro- duct. Insist on getting the original FAB-RI-KO-NA and look for the name on back of goods. Be eee tee yee he fe ae Mic i oN : . ee ee - nae . = : ys eee Oars Me & bmw § lie ee Tf interested, our experts will devise a color scheme ‘adaptec to your require- ments, showing samples of FAB-RI- KO-NA contrasted with woodwork in color to represent the finished wall. Write for information abcut this special and valuable service H.B.WIGGIN’S SONS co. 12 Arch Street. Bloomfield, N. J. FAB-RI-KO-NA Woven Wall Coverings are known and sold by all first-class Decorators. } ce : i fe t ee | = a @ This Pagoda model for hall, porch, den, or mission room, is made of heavy wrought iron, with ruby, green, , amber, or white glass panels, which when lighted create an effect both artistic and beau- tiful. Fitted for oil, ready to » light, or can be adapted to gas or electricity. Height of lantern 14 in., with ro-inch Venetian chain. L Send stamp for Lamp Information, knowledge acquired through years of experience. Ay Rochester eee Co., Dept.H, Rochester, se nY ok chemically prepared Chamois Skin for pol- ishing silver or gold quickly without using Pow- der, Paste or Liquid which is harmful, sepacching and wearing away the surface. “STILBOMA”’ is guaranteed to last for kee, If your dealer cannot supply you give us his name and we will send one to you prepaid upon receipt of price. If not satisfactory \ gafter a weeks trial return it and we will Y refund your money. No. 3,—(8x14 inches) $ No. 2,— ~ (15x19) $1.00; No.1 tanga) $1.50. The Stiiboma Mfg. Co. 557 Society for Savings Bldg. Cleveland, Ohio contentment delivers us from a multitude of evils. For this reason architectural harmony and beauty should be attained if possible, and it is a mistake to be so practical as to overlook the esthetic side of the question. The plea for homes as sanitary as they are beautiful, however, involves no sacrifice of true architectural proportions and unity of de- sign. On the contrary, the perfectly designed house lends itself more readily to good sani- tary conditions than a poorly planned one. It is the obscession, the house overloaded with details, that more frequently proves the most unhealthful for living purposes. In the effort to express some whim or to ape some fashion not consistent with the size and type of house, the worst is achieved. Take the modern bungalow—a type of dwelling which is multiplying rapidly in all parts of the country. ‘The bungalow has its usefulness, and in its proper place it is sur- passed by no other type of dwelling. But it can be abused and rendered unfit for habita- tion and inimical to our health. Originally the bungalow was intended for a warm, dry climate. In California it has reached the highest development, and it is well suited to the climate of that warm region. ‘The true bungalow is a one-story structure, but the name is now. sometimes applied to low, rambling two-story structures. Considered as its name originally implied, the bungalow for all-year-round residence in our cold, stormy northern climate is about as unhealthy a struc- ture as one could have erected. ‘The sleeping chambers are all on the ground floor, and in damp weather they are unfit for such use. When a cellar is dug deep enough under the bungalow this fault is somewhat remedied, but even at the best the ground-floor bedrooms will have an unhealthy dampness and moldy smell in wet weather. ‘The bungalow located on the sands at the seashore for summer use only is a somewhat different proposition. “There is perfect drain- age around the house, and the summer season is generally far enough advanced to dry out the house before it is occupied by the owner. In California the typical bungalow is rarely wet and damp, but the same can seldom be said of the bungalow in our wet northern States. “The construction of the bungalow is primarily made for the sake of cheapness. The cost of running up an extra story in a summer house is considerable. Three rooms can be built as cheaply on a single ground-floor plan as two on a two-story structure. “This is the prime consideration in adopting the bungalow type of home. If a bungalow we must have, let it be built in accordance with common sense principles. There should, first, be excavated a cellar at least three feet deep. “This cellar should have ventilation on four sides. It may not be used for storage purposes, but its existence is es- sential to the health of the occupants. The next step is to run the foundations up at least three or four feet from the ground. ‘These foundations may be of stone, brick, concrete or wood. When the floor is laid it should be of double thickness, with waterproof paper or other material placed between. Then you have a bungalow which will be nearly as free from dampness as this type of house can be made. The cost of digging the cellar will add fifty dollars or more to the cost of the house, and the double floor, with builders’ paper between, will require an additional ex- penditure of fifty dollars or more, depending on the size of the house. But such extra expenditures will repay the owner in the end. Even before these points are considered the building site must be taken into careful con- sideration. If the drainage is not good, it is the height of folly to build a bungalow. If there is no natural drainage then artificial JOSEPH P. McHUGH & COMPANY OF NEW YORK Will Ship on Receipt of $5.00 (Money Order Or Nie wy-aeD meacaty The Bar Harbor Chair, of Weatherproof and Washable Handwrought Natural Willow, & a Soft Cushion in 1 Linen Taffeta. 9 West 42nd St. At the Opposite Sign of the Public Library.!"“Popular Shop.” The Beautiful Hand-Woven PEQUOT RUGS Refreshing Simplicity Wholesome and agreeable colors. Decidedly artistic in design and inexpensive. Send for Booklet. CHAS. H. KIMBALL 48 Yantic Road, Norwich Town, Conn. Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE @ STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS iLAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. a eenee “S98 CLEVELAND, OHIO Standing Seam ROOF IRONS CLINCH right chrough the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We makea similar one for slate roofs. SEND FOR CIRCULAR BERGER BROS. CO. PHILADELPHIA IVES’ PATENT Window Stop Adjuster. HEAVY BED PATENTED. The only Stop Adjuster made from one piece of metal with solid ribs and heavy bed that will not cup, turn or bend in tightening the screw. Manufactured only by The H. B. IVES CO., New Haven, Conn., U. S. A. (Fifty-page Catalogue Mailed Free. ) We will send MERICAN HOMES ©€& GARDENS and Scientific American for one year to one address for FIVE DOLLARS Regular Price Six Dollars October, 1907 ANViE REGAN ELOMEDS. AND GARDENS XVIl THE CAR OF POWER, SPEED AND SERVICE ence The real practical value of an automobile is measured by its reliability and road qualities. The car above illustrated has, in touring and official tests, proven its superiority over cars of much higher power rating and selling at fully twice the price. We have increased the output of this model and are now in position to make im- mediate delivery thereon. The price with full equipment, including top, is $2,000, and we invite comparison with all the market affords. BrancHes AND DistRiBUTING AGENCIFS THOMAS B. JEFFERY & COMPANY CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE, BOSTON, PHILADELPHIA Main OFFICE AND Facrory, KENOSHA, WISCONSIN SAN FRANCISCO Representatives in All Leading Cities O YOU WANT A HOME that will not burn, be a good investment, need no repairs, paint or fire insurance, that 1s warm in winter and cool in summer? If you do our book CONCRETE COUNTRY RESIDENCES (Second kdttion) WILL HELP YOU It contains photographs and floor plans of over 150 Concrete Houses, ranging in price from $2,000 to $200,000. The houses not only show a large : oo — variety of design Concrete Residence of N. F. Palmer, Portchester, N. VY. KG but are of several ‘PORTLAND “2 different systems of concrete construction. These are not imaginary sketches, ATLAS but houses already built and designed by the best architects in the country. This book, 168 pages (size 10x 12), will be sent express prepaid upon receipt of $1.00 THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT CO., ;5" 30 Broad St., New York AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS How About Your Water Supply? Are your water rates high? Do you have to carry the water? Does your water freeze in winter? Do you have a supply of running water? Is your drinking water always fresh and pure? Do you enjoy the comforts of a modern bath room? Does your water get warm and stagnant in summer? Have you a dangerous and unsightly attic or elevated tank ? Could you fight a fire effectively with your present arrangement ? Lf any of these questions fit your case, we have something important to say to you. The Kewanee System of Water Supply is a perfect system in every way, easily installed, can be operated successfully by the most inexperienced person, has no unsightly or dangerous elevated tank and provides an abundance of pure, aerated water at any part of your building or grounds. ‘The pressure can be relied upon for perfect service and effective fire protection. Over 8000 Kewanee Systems in successful operation. Let us tell you more about this successful and efficient water supply system. Send for our 64-page illustrated catalog which is the most complete book published on the subject of water supply for country and city . residences, farms, villages, clubs, public institutions, hotels, etc. Our hydraulic engineers will plan your whole water supply system free of all charge. Our guarantee protects you. Write us to-day. Ask for Catalog No. 36. It is free. Kewanee Water Supply Company, Kewanee, Ill. No. 32 Broadway, New York City. 820 Marquette Building, Chicago. 404 Equitable Bldg., Baltimore. HARTS H ORN SHADE RO LLERS Bear the script name of Stewart Wood Rollers Hartshorn on label. Get ‘‘Improved,’’ no tacks required. Tin Rollers A practical treatise on the subject of protective paint by a practical Write for free copy No. 106 B. paint man of long experience. Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J. October, 1907 drainage should be made to carry the water from the house. This can be done by digging ditches from the house site to the lowest level and laying drain pipes in them. A few dol- lars expended in this way will add immeas- urably to the healthfulness of the future residence. But the bungalow for summer residence is not the only problem in making the house sanitary. Many of our homes built for all- the-year-round occupancy present some doubt- ful features that our common sense should teach us to avoid. In this type of house the drainage is even more important than in the summer bungalow. ‘The rains and snows of winter settle around the improperly built home and slowly filter through poor foundations into the cellar. A perfectly dry cellar in the country used to be a rarity. It is becoming more common to-day, and architects are solving the problem better every year. Much depends on the character of the soil to begin with. A porous, sandy soil makes the proposition a simple one, but a stiff clay soil brings troubles. Sometimes a hard pan is found a few feet be- low the surface, and if the cellar excavation goes below this the water which is caught by the hard pan will most naturally flow into the cellar. ‘There is only one absolute way to remedy this. A ditch a foot or two wide should be excavated around the house a foot or two from the foundations, cutting through the hard pan and extending it at least two feet below the cellar floor. Fill this ditch with loose stones, broken bricks or similar material up to a level with the cellar bottom. ‘Then add a layer or two of sand, and finally top off with ordinary soil. The effect of this method of protection will be apparent to any one. ‘The water from the surrounding soil guided by the layer of hard pan will flow into the ditch and sink into the sand and loose stones before it reaches the foundations of the house. If the foundations are of stone or brick properly waterproofed inside or outside the cellar will remain practically dry, even in the wetest weather. The cost of digging such a ditch and filling it with loose material will not be much greater than the expense re- quired for an additional window or extra fancywork in plumbing. There are many methods of waterproofing cellars, but few of these will answer if the house has “wet feet”? most of the time. A substitute for the more expensive method, and suitable for ordinary houses not standing on extremely wet soil, is to run around on the foundation of brick or stones a layer of some very impervious stone or other non-conducting material. “This tends to keep the dampness from creeping up the foundation and enter- ing the living part of the house. ‘The liberal use of waterproof paper and paints inside and outside also counteract dampness in houses. The use of hollow concrete and terra cotta blocks for building houses has to some ex- tent inaugurated a reform in this direction. The hollow space inside of the blocks acts as a non-conductor of air and water, and the walls are thus well adapted to keeping the in- terior from violent atmospheric changes. While many object to using concrete blocks as build- ing material, owing to the similarity of ar- tistic effects, none can refuse to utilize hollow blocks for foundations. Hollow blocks of any material prove good “anti-damp” when put in good solid foundations a few feet above the ground level. The proper concreting of the cellar floor and walls gives a finish to the lower part of the house that has a hygienic result of no small benefit. The concrete adds greatly to the fin- ish of the cellar, and at the same time makes it less liable to accumulation of water. But withal there must be perfect ventilation. The sanitation of the cellar can not be achieved October, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix Stoves and Ranges Gas Ranges and Heaters THE WORLD’S BEST 35 Years the Standard Sold by all First-Class Dealers Everywhere. Ranges furnished with the Garland Oven Heat Indicator. Booklets free by mail. THE MICHIGAN STOVE COMPANY, . . Largest Makers of Stoves and Ranges . Detroit, Mich, Cera eaves at u Chicago, Ill. Garlan KING MANTELS fare the graceful, artistic and high-grade product of a house, expert in its line, using perfected, up-to-date machinery, located in the hardwood belt and favored by excellent labor conditions. IF YOU ARE GOING TO BUILD don’t you think it is worth while to investigate our claim that KING MANTELS are the best high-grade dependable mantels for the money in the country? FREE: our 64-page proof book called “Evidence.” Shows 87 leaders in KING MANTELS and tells what others say. A handsome 72-page (12x 14 in.) catalogue sent for 12c. to help pay postage (which costs us 50c. to deliver) including our book ‘Colonial Beauties.’ If you write, state number of mantels required. Do it now! KING MANTEL CO., 519-521 West Jackson Ave., Knoxville, Tenn. ig gener narrate 4) <8 ROMAN HYACINTHS ¢ r¢ N YH For house culture nothing is more graceful, sweet, or can be LA more successfully grown than the white Roman Hyacinths. These | bulbs planted now will be in flower before Christmas. Price, Dozen, $1. 100, $6.50. Extra Large Size Bulbs. aa At these prices we cannot prepay charges, except where the name of the magazine is mentioned. Send for Rawson’s 1907 Bulb Hand Book Free. ' W. W. RAWSON & CO., 5 UNION ST., BOSTON, MASS. Srecialists of Highest Grade Seeds, Bulbs and Plants. {DO YOU WANT A HOME LIKE THIS? or one equally pleasing. Then buy My Books or write me about special plans. My designs are all artistic, but home. like and comfortable, my planscomplete, and estimates careful and honest. Individual Designing A Specialty. PICTURESQUE SUBURBAN HOUSES (New 1907). Price by mail,$2.00. New, artistic and original designs forCement, Stoneand Frame houses. Colonial, Spanish and English styles, from $3,000 to $10,000.. Estimates and #7| full descriptions. The Best Book of its kind published. a NEW PICTURESQUE COTTAGES. Price by mail,$1.00. Containing original and beautiful designs for Suburban Homes, from_ $2,800 to $6,000. a ; BOOK OF BUNGALOWS, 1900. Price by mail, $2.00. A unique and artistic book, containing designs for one and one-and-a-half story Bungalows in various styles. $1,000 up. Printed in Sepia tones. . PICTURESQUE SUMMER COTTAGES. Vol. III. Price by mail, $1.00. New and Revised 1906 Edition. Old favor- ites and new designs for Stone, Shingle and Rustic Summer Cottages. EB. E. HOLMAN, Room 14, 1020 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. BURLINGTON “sis BLINDS SCREENS AND SCREEN DOORS Venetian Blind for inside window and outdoor veranda. Any wood; any finish to match trim. Q Equal 500 miles northward. Perfect Sliding Blinds for inside use. Require no pockets. Any wood; any finish. privacy with doors and windows open. Darkness and breezes in sleeping rooms. WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont without windows opening on all sides so the air can circulate through. Small, low win- dows in a cellar are an abomination. The higher up they can be placed to admit air and sunlight the better will the effect be upon the health of the family. “The windows in par- ticular should open on the south and east sides to get the full benefit of the sunlight. A cel- lar with the sunlight streaming half across it in the morning or midday must possess great advantages over another which has no such admission of sunlight. The emphasis placed on the importance of securing perfectly dry cellars and_ living- rooms is not overdone, for half the ills from which we suffer are probably directly or in- directly due to the unsanitary condition of the lower part of the house. Rheumatism, fevers and general debility frequently owe _ their origin to the dampness of our living quarters. But next to this is the condition of the plumb- ing. Here, too, there is a common tendency to sacrifice health for appearances. A fancy, showy system of plumbing, including nickel- plated piping and faucets, handsome bowls and basins, and all the little extras which go with it, gives no assurance of immunity from sewer gas and leakages. A poorly installed system of plumbing may give endless trouble and ex- pense, and improper placing of traps and joints may make a pest-house out of a “house beau- tiful.”” To many the idea of “open plumbing” means perfectly sanitary plumbing. Nothing could be further from the truth. The only advantage of open plumbing is that any danger point is exposed to view, and it can thus be immediately corrected. A leak can not go on indefinitely without attracting attention. The first essential is, therefore, a properly de- signed system installed with true regard to sanitary safeguards. “The arrangements of traps, bowls and connections should be made so that the flow is all toward the outlet con- nected with the sewer pipe. Each trap should be sufficiently deep to make the inflow of gas absolutely impossible. A diagram of the plumbing system should be submitted to the owner before the contract is signed, and then a little study of it will convince even an ama- teur of the value of a perfect installation. In addition to this, both the water and smoke test should be insisted upon before acceptance of the work. The water test is generally made before the bowls are put in position, and is intended to test joints. When all the fix- tures are put in position the smoke test should be applied to see if any leaks are apparent in any part of the house. In wiping joints often slight pinhole leaks are left, and these can only be discovered by the smoke test. The best plumbers will apply these two tests for their own satisfaction, but it is well to see that they are attended to. If necessary, a pro- vision to this effect should be inserted in the contract. The heating and ventilation of the modern house are special matters of the utmost im- portance. With the introduction of steam and hot water heating there has disap- peared the old-fashioned open grate in many houses. “The abolishment of the latter has in- creased the difficulty of perfect ventilation. The vitiated air of our living-rooms formerly had a good outlet up the open grates to the chimneys, and all that was necessary to keep the atmosphere in good condition was to admit fresh outside air by door or window. Now we may admit pure outside air, but unless we provide an outlet for the impure air we do not get good ventilation. “There must be some method of escape for the air which we have breathed. An open transom over a win- dow may do this, but many have permanent ventilators installed above the windows in each room. ‘These ventilators are made _ incon- spicuous and form a part of the wall decora- xx AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1907 The Varnish that lasts longest Made by Murphy Varnish Company. ‘s E Fall Order now our h rifty, Pe ee Peach, Apple Trees, Berry Bushes, Roses, California Privet — anything in the nursery line. Millions of plants and trees ready. Handsome catalogue contains prices, pictures and reliable spraying chart. It’s free. Send now for it. ARTHUR J. COLLINS, Box 410, MOORESTOWN. N. J. KIMBALL PIPE ORGANS FOR RESIDENCES HE W. W. Kimball Co. point with pride to the many residence pipe organs installed by them, among which are the following : Mrs. Nicholas Senn. Chicago Mr. H. O. Stone, Chicago Mrs. Geo, M. Pullman, Chicago Mr. Edwin Norton, New York Mr. Thomas Lowry, Minneapolis Mr H. G. Selfridge, Lake Geneva Mrs, W. W. Kimball, Chicago Mr W. 1. Pratt, lowa City, la. Gen. Henry O. Strong, Lake Geneva Gen. Henry O. Strong, Santa Barbara Mr. R. E. Tod, New York Mr. M. Beltzhoover, Ardsley-on-Hudson, N. Y. Mr. P. A. Valentine, Chicago Mrs. Benjamin, Milwaukee Mr. George Christian, Minneapolis Mrs. W. J. Young, Clinton, lowa Kimball Pipe Organ with. Soloist, upper hall of private residence The Kimball Soloist is a new feature for residence pipe organs and is the world’s most remarkable achieve- ment in self-playing devices. It enables the performer to execute solo parts like the flute, oboe, clarinet, violin, etc., and to furnish simultaneously the orchestral accompaniment. Its operation is direct and perfect. Everything which is possible to the professional organist can be attained by the amateur using the ordinary rolls or controllers and does not require rolls of special manu- facture, thus placing the entire library of music at the instant disposal of the owner of a “Soloist” organ. The “‘ Soloist,” or solo device, may be built in any organ, and in no way inter- feres with the instrument manually. The organ is equally efficient for the ex- pression of the various shades and varieties of musical thought by the master organist or the amateur using the self-playing attachment. For further particulars write Pipe Organ Dept. New York Office 150 Fifth Ave. Chicago Office 239-253 Wabash Ave. W. W. KIMBALL & CO. (Established 1857) tion. The escape of the foul air through them will be an important improvement in the de- sign and construction of the modern home. The theory which must be kept clearly in mind is that fresh air must be admitted, and then some outlet for the vitiated air provided. This means a circulation of air, while ordinarily there is no such thing as air circulation in the house. We hear much about overheating of our homes, and the dangers of steam heat, but it should be remembered that many of the troubles attributed to these are in fact due to imperfect circulation of air. If we obtain this, steam heat will be robbed of half its evils. But confine the air in a room, and heat it to a high temperature with steam, and we have just the right conditions for producing colds and pneumonia. Overheating is less threaten- ing to the private house than to the apartment. One can control and regulate the former to suit the needs, and besides there is always di- rect Outside air to be admitted. A simple method of overcoming any ten- dency to overheating, and at the same time to keep up a good circulation of air, is to have two or three one-inch holes cut through the walls just below a window and similar ones above the window casement. ‘These holes should have little valves to close them at will. The air admitted in the lower holes can then be regulated in the coldest weather without opening the windows, and the foul air will escape through the upper holes. It is a pro- vision which can be made in any house at little expense, and without disfiguring the win- dows or the wall ornaments. In the end it will add greatly to the comfort and health of the occupants, warding off ills which now be- set those who live in poorly ventilated houses. NEW BOOKS SANITATION IN THE MopERN Home. Edited by Jno. K. Allen. Chicago: Domestic Engineering. 1907. Pp. 271. Price, postpaid, $2.00. A book on sanitation without illustrations is somewhat of a novelty in these days of weighty technical treatises; but as a matter of fact sanitary illustrations are chiefly of value to the specialist, whereas the present book is intended for the non-technical reader, and has special reference to the study of mat- ters connected with the house that the home builder should give before he seeks the assist- ance of the architect. It is, therefore, a book intended to reach a class of readers who would neither value nor understand technical illus- trations, but who will find in its compact pages the compact information they need. Mr. Allen has prepared his book with care; he has shorn his pages of technicalities as far as it was pos- sible to do so, and he has produced a hand- book of unusual practicability and value. Four SEASONS IN THE GARDEN. By Eben E. Rexford. Philadelphia and London: J. B. Lippincott Co. 1907. Pp. 307. Price, $1.50 net. Mr. Rexford’s book is intended for the ama- teur gardener. It treats of all phases of the subject, from the simple bed or two along the fence, in a city back yard, to the most am- bitious garden of the suburbanite or country dweller who undertakes to get along without the services of professional help and advice. The growing of house plants and the use of plants for the household and as table decora- tions are likewise treated. Chapters are also included on rural and village improvement. It is a handy and convenient volume, treating of a multitude of subjects useful to the grower of plants and the maker of gardens. $3.00 A YEAR Artistic Mantels MENNEN S Talcum — @ OUR CATALOGUES con- “fiat tain 130 designs, including 16 Mission, ® Colonial, ® White, Mahogany & Oak. Every- thing, from the very cheapest to the best. @ Fireplace Hardware and Tiling of every description. Catalogue and Special Designs sent “Aim Straight” ‘ i at ae heart of all complexion troubles, by protecting the skin on receipt of 25c. in postage. --before it is roughened and chapped by keen fall winds. al Mennen’ s Borated Talcum Toilet Powder protects as well as heals 3 if used daily it keeps the skin clear e eo 5 ar O. and smooth. For ehapping and chafing there’s : nothing half so good as Mennen’s. After bath- . ing and after shaving it is delightful. c Unity Building 306 Main Street Put up in non-refillable boxes—the “box that lox”—for your protection. If Mennen’s Chicago, Ill. Jacksonville, Fla. face is on the cover it's genuine and a guarantee of purity. Guaranteed under the f, i iz \ Food and Drugs Act, June 30th, 1906. Serial \ MISSION MANTEL FOR DEN Factory, Knoxville, Tenn No. 1542. Sold everywhere, or by mail 25 ‘ . cents. Sample Free. x . GERHARD MENNEN CO., Newark, N. J. Try Mennen's Violet (Borated) Talcum Toilet Powder It has the scent of fresh-cut Parma Violets a Consider the Effect of Hardware In planning a home do not overlook the decorative pos- sibilities of the hardware, and do not neglect the opportunity to exercise your own judgment in its selection. SARGENT’S ARTISTIC HARDWARE offers the wid- est latitude of choice. De- signs are made to harmonize with every style and period of architecture. Sargent’s Book of Designs Sent Free will prove in- valuable if you are building or remodeling. Write for it. Je "THE WORLD'S BEST PIANO, — vies is maintained in every instrument, and whether you pay little or much--- - Colonial Styles, according to the simplicity or elaboration of the case---you are assured the 3 ask for our Col- highest degree of musical achievement and satisfaction. % onial Booklet. _A Knabe wareroom is near you, but if you can’t conveniently visit it write to us and we will make it as easy for you to . examine the Knabe at your leisure as if a Knabe wareroom were within walking distance of your home: . SARGENT & CO., If desired eee of owner- WM. KNABE & C Write for Catalogue -- DeLuxe -- show- 156 Leonard Street, ing regular and art pianos. 3 BALTIMORE NEW YORK WASHINGTON New York. NOLLEYT AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year CONTENTS: FOR NOVEMBER. 1907 Tx Tue ENTRANCE Door oF “WESTOVER” ON THE JAMES RIVER MontTHLY COMMENT NoraBLeE AMERICAN Homes—“Brick House,” the Home of Anson Phelps Sie Esq., Noroton, Connecticut By Barr Ferree cocoa e eee 6 © © © A SMALL SUCCESSFUL SUMMER HOME By John Maylor MATERIALS FOR WALL COVERINGS Historic MANSIONS OF THE JAMES RiIveR.—III.—‘‘Westover,”’ the Ancestral Home of the Byrds, Now the Ramsay Homestead By Francis Durando Nichols. A Nort SHORE GARDEN AT MANCHESTER-BY-THE-SEA By Mary H. Northend Crowns, FRIEZES AND BORDERS By F. Maude Smith A Hatr-TIMBERED AND Stucco House By John Mair FLOWERS FOR House AND TABLE DECORATIONS By I. M. Angell ArT SCHOOLS FOR WOMEN IN THE OPEN AIR By W. C. Fitz-Gerald THE BIRTH OF THE WHEAT By Percy Collins Wuat Is A FrREPROOF House? DYNAMITE ON THE FARM By George Nathan THE INTERIOR WOODWORK FOR THE HOousE By George Ethelbert Walsh Tue ReEsIDENCE OF PrRoressor L. W. REID, HAVERFORD, PENNSYLVANIA The Construction and Care of the Hotbed. Garden Work for November. New Books. The Bignonia Radicans. Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada $3.50 a year Published Monthly by Munn & ee Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York (Copyright, 1907, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. 4 + a Paquet treo mae attineninn ce Det reas emigre Go ees OR Po Mian etna mere. : Aang sear en dpe Ye wee ee) saree | capensaen ahr Poet naan ein is no. An ES, RRS : | i: se enero ns fi teeta ent to ‘ ge 7" } : yest one gt apenas Eee 4 : Bg Son pte ong omen emne A TT ee nae « Pf | i The Entrance Door of ‘‘ Westover” on the James River AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 1907 Number 11 — eB) =e) = ) > (2) Z. 2. E ° > “Brick House”—The Belvedere Over the Water Is Approached by a Brick Path Bordered with Evergreens 4.04 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, NO Monthly Comment =jEWCOMERS to the country side are about s to be put to heavy test. The calendar is no longer necessary as an indicator of the sea- S son of the year, for the signs of fall and the RBC. Ps} rapidly approaching winter are visible ANN everywhere. Very few persons make ar- rangements to live in the country in the winter months, and the first cold season brings such a host of changes and so many unexpected discomforts and _ in- conveniences that even the most valorous are apt to be per- turbed. But the country home that was purchased with so much glee earlier in the year can neither be neglected nor vacated at a mere whim. It is a well established fact that just as winters come, just as certainly they will go, and it is equally well known that very many people survive their cold with equanimity and emerge from their winter’s trials with great gusto in the spring thaws. The newcomer, therefore, instead of being discouraged should try to get as much enjoy- ment out of a country winter as he had out of the summer. It will not be the same kind of joy, but there is lots of pleas- ure in it if one but attacks it in the right way. THE winter is an excellent season in which to become ac- quainted with one’s house. One never knows a house until one has lived in it for several years. Like persons, houses improve or become worse on acquaintance. ‘The more one knows them, the better one is acquainted with them; the more completely one is familiar with them, the better one likes them—or hates them. ‘The former state is greatly to be pre- ferred, for a house that one dislikes is often exceedingly dificult to get rid of; and no one, of course, wishes to get rid of a house at a loss if it can be helped. ‘The truly for- tunate folk are those who love their houses, love their en- vironment, are satisfied with their geographical and climatic situation, and have no quarrels with their neighbors. In the happy summer time one lives out of doors as much as pos- sible. In the winter the process is apt to be reversed, and not always with advantage to one’s health. But at least winter is the season for the inside of the house, exactly as the sum- mer is the season for without it. WINTER, then, brings out the full test of the value of the house to its occupants. Is it easy to heat, and without too great an expense? are the questions first asked, only to be immediately followed with reflections on the water supply and the non-bursting qualities of the plumbing. Of course there are a few other things: Will the roof leak? How is the cellar? Is the living-room cold, and can the bedrooms be readily ventilated? Any house owner will tell you there is a lot to learn about a house, especially in winter, and the time to make its acquaintance is close at hand, just out of doors, and ready without any inconvenience. As a matter of fact, not until next spring, with all hands passing through the winter without harm, can one draw a full breath of re- lief and contentment. The winter is the real test of the house, THE great attention given to the building, arrangement and furnishing of the servants’ quarters in many modern houses is, in many respects, an admission of the great dif- ficulties attending the modern servant problem. It is not all pure humanitarianism, much as this is preached in the house books and magazines. The fact is, the servant question has long since become acute in America, as might naturally have been expected to happen in the land of the free and the equal. Hence it has come about that the servants’ rooms in large houses are almost as good as those of the owner, and very many times better than their natural occupants were ac- customed to in their native habitat. A good deal of this improvement has been for the better. The little crowded, hot, unpleasant rooms once set aside for the help were, in many cases, unfit for human occupancy. It is an advance, and a decided one, that such rooms are no longer put to habitable use, and it is an excellent thing that good rooms for servants are now provided everywhere. But it is quite a significant fact that with all this betterment there has been no lessening of the difficulties of the servant problem. These people are just as hard to get as they ever were, and are much more difficult to retain. On this aspect of the question abso- lutely no progress appears to have been made. Economic philosophers, seeking for interesting topics for learned dissertations, sometimes fall afoul of the subject of household expenses. And in truth it is a fascinating subject of the very widest interest. To know how much other people spend and what they get for their money easily surpasses every other kind of gossip. That much of this talk 1s neces- sarily impersonal and is concerned with people one does not know, deprives it of the real interest it might otherwise have. And incidentally it deprives most of these investigations of their real point and value. For the real test of housekeeping, or of home life—to use a better phrase—is what one gets for one’s money. A person who spends five hundred dollars a year for certain expenses may actually not obtain as much as one who spends half that amount. For figures are devoid of the personal touch. ‘They tell us nothing of the people concerned. ‘They give no information as to the personality, the tastes, the individuality of those under review. In short, they leave out the person who supplies the money, the per- son who spends it, the persons who are benefited by it. And the personal element is the vital part. HENCE such discussions are generally without point. They tell nothing of the conditions. Because a certain family in an unnamed city can support itself in what, to its members, is abounding comfort on eighteen hundred dollars per year, is no reason why other folk, having the same money to spend, and having no more expensive ideas, can do likewise. It is interesting to know that certain comforts and luxuries can be obtained for a given sum, but it is quite absurd to suppose that others can duplicate that success and do it happily. For happiness, after all, is the true measure of human success and of human joy in living. The real problem is not to spend as little as one can or to get along on as small amounts as possible; but, for a given sum, to obtain the greatest amount of satisfaction. One may buy more for one hundred dollars than for ten dollars; but it does not follow that for the larger sum the buyer will obtain ten times as much satisfac- tion as for the lesser. On the contrary, there is a great army of householders and heads of families in America, and even in other parts of the world, who will solemnly assure the inquirer, if he be so bold as to put the question, that the more he has the less he gets. And the statement is not in the least paradoxical; for it is but the simple truth that the more one buys the more one wants to buy. Increased income sel- dom means greater savings, but rather greater expenditure, which increases day by day and in a much greater ratio than the income. November, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 405 Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree “Brick House,” the Home of Anson Phelps Stokes, E'sq., Noroton, Connecticut RICK HOUSE” is built at the end of a fine country road on the extreme end of Col- lender’s Point. It stands on a narrow tongue of land, washed on three sides by the waters of Long Island Sound. Its stately outlines loom attractively among the trees which, just without the borders of its territory, grow luxuriantly on each side of the road. ‘The entrance gateway admits to an open court, low-walled with brick, with gateways to the right and left, while a fourth stands at the head of the avenue, which runs straight on to the house. ‘This is a broad and spacious roadway, bordered with a wide band of sward on either side, in which grows pyramids of box; then a path, and beyond, lawns and shrub- bery and trees, all beautifully planted and kept in the finest condition. A tall iron railing, supported by piers of brick, marks the limit of the avenue and forms the outer boundary of the forecourt before the house. Within and without it is banked with shrubs and flowering plants; great pottery jars are filled with plants and vines; bay trees, and other orna- mental shrubs grow in boxes and tubs; and on the right is a wall fountain beneath a window. The house is H-shaped, with an open forecourt toward the avenue, partly inclosed on the sides by the wings, and partly by the iron railing, which is brought forward to give greater space. The brickwork throughout is red and black and the trimmings white. The center of the entrance front is brought slightly forward, and has a pediment supported by four Corinthian pilasters. Although eminently simple and restrained, this device is the chief decorative feature of the front. The other elements are briefly described: large round arched windows in the first story; simple rectangular windows in the second; a plain but sufficient cornice; and then the high shingled roof in which are modest dormers, arranged singly and in pairs. The water front is quite as simple but necessarily very dif- ferent in design, although in entire harmony with the other parts. The house wall here presents a straight unbroken line. Below, on either side, but brought in from the wall ends, is a porch, almost square in form, supported by clus- tered columns. Large round arched windows are beyond and between them; while within are -ecesses which extend to the main cornice above the second story. The upper win- dows are singles or groups, and the cornice, roof and dormers are identical with those on the entrance front. At the base is a terrace, inclosed within a balustrade. The sides are less formal in treatment than either of the two main fronts. The distinguishing feature of these lesser fronts is the great brick gable, which also surmounts the end walls of the wings on the entrance front. The roof is high pitched, and the gables rise to a height of quite two stories. East and west they are capped by two chimneys; on the entrance wings by one. ‘The terrace of the water front is continued below the west side, but on the east the road is dropped to give entrance to the kitchen, which is in the basement of this wing. The distinguishing qualities of this house are its solidity and its simplicity. It is a house of large size, designed and built in a large way; this is completely true notwithstanding the fact that its great size is not immediately apparent. It is not, indeed, until the house has been viewed from every aspect that its great magnitude is thoroughly realized. The length of the entrance front is, of course, broken by the wings which form a part of it; but the water front presents a great length of line whose dimension is not broken by the porches and the recesses, but rather increased by them; for standing beneath them one realizes their considerable size, although they occupy but a portion of its length. ‘The great height of the gable ends also adds to the effect of size, as they tower high above one on the terrace, and seen from the road of the kitchen entrance have a truly vast height. That, A Finely Planted Driveway Leads Directly to the Entrance Front 406 ic LLLP OPES AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 asp RRA The Water Front Is Supported by a Balustraded Terrace Behind Which Rise Two Spacious Porches indeed, is the point at which the real immensity of the house is most realized. And the artistic qualities of the house are quite as notable as its dimensions. Its architects, Messrs. Howells and Stokes, of New York, have handled their subject with great skill. Their obvious aim was to build a large house simply and well, and at the same time give it an interesting archi- tectural expression. ‘Their success is amply testified to by the illustrations; but it should, perhaps, be pointed out that the artistic success of this house is purely architectural, or that of building, if a more comprehensive word be desired. Of ornamental features as ordinarily considered there is scarce anything at all, nothing, in short, but the great pilasters of the entrance pediment. The windows are without external frames, the large ones being sunk within unprojected arches of brick. It is true that some of these have inner architec- tural frames, but the carved ornament is of the rarest sort. There is no breaking up of the wall surface anywhere, the simple bay windows on.the sides, the quoining of the walls corners, the plain pilasters on either side of the water front porches, are hardly more than the simplest of archi- tectural devices, and give mobility to the wall surfaces rather than diversify it. Yet with all it is a thoroughly artistic house. If its walls are plain and its ornamentation slight, it is not without in- terest. On the contrary, it possesses interest of a very high order, the interest of good architecture, well applied, skil- fully combined, and detailed in a thoroughly workmanlike manner. It is a house beautifully adapted to its situation directly upon the water, and, as we shall immediately see, quite as beautifully adapted to the demands made upon its interior. A short flight of steps conducts one to the entrance door- way, by which one is immediately ushered into the main hall. This is a beautiful] apartment running the full length of the house from the center of each wing, where it is joined to passages and alcoves at either end. The prevailing colors are green and white, colors which are given to most of the rooms on the ground floor, but quite varied in their combina- tions and thoroughly individual in each apartment. The hall has a high wainscot of paneled wood, painted white, with Ionic pilasters on each side of the central door and columns of the same fine order at the ends. ‘The plainly detailed cornice is white, as is the ceiling. The latter is perfectly plain except for the encased rafters which divide it into panels, and which are supported by the pilasters and columns. The walls above the wainscot are covered with paper in two rich shades of green, and on it are hung family portraits in gilded frames. The hardwood floor is covered with green rugs—plain centers and simple borders. The window cur- tains are of two shades of green, and at the central'doorway, which leads to the living-room, are portieres of green and white. Along each wall is stood a fine collection of old fur- niture, many of the pieces being richly carved, and all of great artistic interest. Beyond the columns to the right is a fireplace and mantel. This is of wood, painted white, with facings of mottled green marble. This space serves as an anti-chamber to the stairhall, which is at right angles to the main hall, and is thus completely hidden from the entrance doorway. Its decorative treatment is identical with that of the main hall, save that the walls around the stairs are completely paneled in wood above the wainscot. ‘The balusters are of a delicate Colonial design and the handrail of mahogany. The living-room occupies the whole of the center of the house. The main door is directly opposite the entrance door- way of the hall. On either side is an old Italian alabaster column, very slender in design, now converted into an elec- tric light standard. ‘The floor is two steps below the level of the main hall, and standing on them, within the room, one on each side, is a brass church candlestick. The hardwood | floor is laid in small squares, and is covered with three large green rugs, with plain centers and simple borders. There is a shallow baseboard around the foot of the walls, which are faced with green striped paper in two shades. There are columns and pilasters on each side of the entrance door, and November, 1907 the ceiling is beamed in white plaster. At each end is a fire- place, the chimneys being treated in an ornamental manner with doubled pilasters that support the main cornice. The fireplaces, like all in the house, have brass fixtures, and the mantels are of wood painted white; the facings are of dark mottled green marble. The large windows on the water- front have semicircular tops, and the curtains are of cream-colored silk with soft-colored flowers. The furni- ture is both old and new, the large size of many of the pieces being admirably adapted to the vast space of the im- mense room. The dining-room is at the left end of the house, its win- dows overlooking the Sound on two sides. The walls are paneled in wood, painted white, from floor to ceiling. “They are surmounted by a very delicately detailed cornice. ‘he ceiling is plain white plaster. The hardwood floor is coy- ered with an Oriental rug in soft colors. The Colonial mantel, of wood, has two small columns on each side sup- porting the cornice, while a shorter pair carry the mantel- shelf. ‘The facings are of yellow mottled marble. On each side is a slender silver column supporting a silver flower vase. The mahogany furniture, which has seats of dark red leather, is Chippendale. At the front of the room are two corner china closets, and over one of the sideboards is a rich piece of tapestry. The room is lighted by reflectors hanging above the portraits with which the walls are hung. The window curtains are of red velvet with white sash curtains. A door from the dining-room leads to the pantry. It has a tiled floor and the walls are almost surrounded by hard- wood cases that extend to the lofty ceiling. Beyond is a small breakfast-room in blue, and down an adjoining corridor are rooms for the men servants. The kitchen, servants’ dining-room, laundry and similar essentials are in the base- ment below. AME RTOAN HOMES AND GARDENS 407 Adjoining the dining-room is the smoking-room. It is really a recess in the hall, and occupies the space that at the other end of the house is taken up by the stair hall. ‘There is a hardwood floor with Oriental rugs of reddish tone. ‘The mantel is of white wood with facings of mottled green marble. ‘The curtains are green and white. Distinctive character is given to this apartment by the furniture, which is of teak wood, very elaborately carved and highly interest- ing examples of this style. The right wing at the west end of the house is occupied by several rooms, of somewhat less size than those elsewhere on this floor, but none the less important because of this. They include the reception-room, library, the billiard-room and two bachelors’ bedrooms. ‘The latter are pleasant apart- ments, papered in green of different design but admirably harmonized with each other. The reception-room is at one side of the west entrance. It has a hardwood floor with a green rug. ‘The walls are paneled throughout in wood painted white, with large panels above small ones. ‘There is a detailed cornice and plain white ceiling. The mantel is of wood, the curtains of salmon damask and furniture Dutch inlaid. The billiard-room adjoins the reception-room. It, too, has a hardwood floor, with a rug of red brown, which is the prevailing color. The walls have a high oak wainscot and are covered above with a red floral paper. ‘The mantel is of black marble. ‘The furniture is covered with reddish brown leather. ‘lhe chandelier over the billiard-table car- ries four lights with green glass shades. The library is, in every sense, a library. Three of its walls are entirely incased with book shelves behind glass doors. The woodwork is very dark in color, giving a rich effect. The center of the rug is blue, with a red and blue border. The curtains likewise are red and blue. The wall The Stairs Occupy a Separate Hall Adjoining the Main Hall 408 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 The Spacious Living-room Occupies the Whole of the Center of the House; the Columns and Pilasters Are White, the Walls Have Green Stripes of two Shades EO ViEEsileC AINe i © NCE SaeA ND GARDENS 1907 November, ELI ANA CTAB LS aE a iE ta Fed eT eterna a Oe 2 the Prevailing Colors Are Green and White in Hall Is a Beautiful Apartment Running the Full Length of the House ; The Ma The Dark Woodwork of the Library Gives a Rich Tone to this Splendid Room; the Curtains, Furniture and Rug Are Red and Blue 410 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 without bookshelves is paneled throughout and contains the trees, tubs of hydrangeas and other stately plants, giving fireplace. In the center of the room is a massive and richly welcome notes of color and rich growths of foliage. carved table. Behind it is a carved wood chair. The other On the entrance side the planting and arrangement is furniture is red and blue. equally fine. Here are thick clumps of shrubbery, hedges of Of the grounds surrounding the house it is impossible to speak save in a most en- thusiastic manner. ‘That it is built at the end of Collender’s Point has already been stated, but this mere statement conveys nothing of the great beauty of the sur- roundings or of the really remarkable nature of the site the owner of this prop- erty has obtained. Without the house, toward the water, is an immense semi- circular lawn. The house stands upon the diameter of the semicircle, which has been raised somewhat toward the water, where it is supported by a retaining wall, ee : ae which, however, is not seen from above. Ser, ay a AUN Across the Sound is the shadowy outline of The Return of the Terrace on the Side of the House lofty poplars, groups of young trees and masses of foliage and bloom. To the left, as you enter the grounds, is the stable. This is a handsome and com- modious structure with a lofty central pediment on the avenue front. It has an interior court, open on the inner side and a cottage for coachmen and men. On the right of the drive, but at right angles to it, is the conservatory. ‘This handsome building has a large central dome, and is flanked by two structures in brick: that toward the avenue is the The Water Front Terrace and One of Its Porches gardener’s house; the further end is utilized as a potting room and acetelyne Long Island. Oyster Bay is nine miles away to the right; house, the latter gas being used as supplementary to the elec- Huntington is to the left. These are mere names, however, — tricity with which “Brick House”’ is lighted. The mechanical for Long Island is too far away to be distinctly visible. equipment is as ample as the artistic care given every detail. The landscape treatment of the place has been carried out with fine taste. Many of the trees, and of course all the shrubs, are newly planted, but have already passed beyond their first growth and their rich luxuriance give delightful promise of superb maturity. Below the terrace that surrounds the house on two sides is a rich planting of herbaceous and other shrubs, giving fine notes of foliage and bloom. The broad terrace is spaciously pathed with brick, with borders of grass. At the east the path runs straight out to a sum- mer house built on the most exposed point of the property. Here, on either side, are the pyramids of box which were a feature of the entrance driveway. And everywhere, where emphasis is needed, are boxed bay The Stable Has a Pedimented Center Facing the Entrance Drive November, 1997 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 411 A Small Successful Summer Home By John Maylor HE summer house of Mrs. L. Anna Er- bacher shows what can be done in building a small summer house by the seashore, with- out following any particular style of archi- tecture yet with a distinctive character suf- ficient to present a charming home. The house is situated at Water Witch, N. J., which is a great park of many acres resting on the crest of a rugged hill top known as the “Highlands,” from which broad views are obtained of the lower New York Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. The site affords ample opportunity for special development, and the design shows an admirable regularity of form, which is reflected in the plan and interior arrangements. ‘The detail is refined, and the whole general scheme presents that characteristic of simplicity which is so delightful in a summer house. While we are building to-day of every conceivable material, we have learned to confine these materials to a certain standard of excellence in the de- signing of our houses, and in this particular case, Messrs. Hill and Stout, who were the architects of the house, have adopted a scheme which gives the greatest amount of light and ventilation, and an arrangement of rooms with an open- The “ Double Decker” Veranda Is a Conspicuous Feature of this House KITCHEN. PLAN OF FIRST FLOOR VERANDA: DECK. VERANDA. Bep Room. N°2 BrpRoon BED ROOM N°I es HALL 0 pee Ong Gala | Dep Room Nos. Tee BATH Room: BEDROOM New a ‘if i rey O ros J DALcon y. [ BAvcor Li maa ma x | | PLAN OF SECOND FLOOR foe) ene ness one with another, as far as practicable, and which 1s apparent immediately upon entering. The principal feature of a summer house is the veranda, and here we have a ‘double decker,” which is well fitted up for living and dining uses. The material selected for the underpinning is red brick laid in white mortar, while white cedar shingles left to finish in their natural state, and ivory-white pine trimmings, are the materials used for cov- ering the building paper and matched sheathing with which the exterior framework is inclosed. The outlines of the building are well broken by the numer- ous bay windows, and the brick chimney of simple construction. The entrance is from a porch placed in the center of the front, with columns and a roof covering de- signed with a pergola eftect. The front door, of Dutch pattern, permits of the upper half being swung open when desired without the necessity of opening the entire door, the lower half remaining closed. The hall is octagonal in plan, and has apple-green tinted walls, harmonizing with the ivory-white painted trim. An attrac- tive staircase with ivory - white painted treads, risers and balusters, and a ma- hogany rail rises to the sec- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 ond story, upon the second landing of which is placed a grandfather’s clock of antique character. A broad arch opens into the living room, which ex- tends the full depth of the house. The color scheme throughout is a _ delicate shade of apple green, with walls and rugs in harmony, and a white painted trim. Furniture of antique pat- tern is placed gracefully about the rooms, and the one tone of green is relieved by the cretonne coverings of the furniture, which are of a dull shade of green and-red. ‘Phe’ ceilinesis teamed and is treated with ivory-white paint. An ingle- nook is thrown out at one side of the room, contain- ing a large open fireplace, built of buff brick, with fac- ings of similar brick rising _ up to the ceiling. A wooden shelf, supported on cor- belled brackets, forms the mantelshelf. Paneled seats are placed at either side of the fireplace, above which are windows for light and ventilation. The floor of the entire inglenook is paved with buff tile. Opening from the living-room, by a broad arch, is the dining- room, provided with a high paneled wainscoting finished with a plate rack, above which the walls are covered with a tapestry effect in the design of fruits and flowers. A fire- place, with facings and hearth of cream-white brick, and a The Dining-room Is Paneled and Has a Tapestry Frieze November, 1907 The Octagonal Hall Contains an Attractive Staircase mantel and paneled over-mantel, completes this room. Ma- hogany furniture of good style is used. French windows in both the living- and dining-rooms open onto the: veranda. The butler’s pantry is fitted with a sink, dresser and closets complete. The outdoor dining-room, which is be- coming an important feature of the modern American home, is reached from the butler’s pantry as well as from the rest of the house by the way of the veranda. Having this con- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 413 nection with the butler’s pantry, service may be had with as equally good re- sults as with the dining- room itself. This is a very important and excellent fea- ture to be considered in the planning of a house. This outdoor dining-room is pro- vided with a green wicker table and chairs resting on a red and green rug, and the tone of color presents a refreshing and cooling effect. The kitchen is well sup- plied with the usual sink, laundry tubs, dresser, cold storage room, and a service stairway connects with the cellar and upper floors. The second floor con- tains five bedrooms and two bathrooms. The bedrooms have white painted trim, and the wall of each room is carried out in one par- ticular color scheme. The bathrooms have tiled floors and wainscotings, and each is furnished with porce- lain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The third floor contains the servants’ bedrooms and ample storage space. A heating apparatus and fuel rooms are in the cellar. In the treatment of this house the architect has seized upon the opportunity of giving it an individuality and distinctive character. It is a house that attracts by its real comfort and the thorough excellence of its parts and its furnishings. Materials for Wall Coverings WHAPER is most frequently used, partly be- cause it is the cheapest material, partly be- cause it can be had in a vast array of patterns, and partly because, of its cheap- ness, it can be removed and replaced at small cost. There is a host of wall coverings offered by the shops: paper, denim, cretonne, silk, fabrics into which silk enters, leather, tapestry, and imitation goods of almost every possible sort, which pretend to be what they are not, and carry out their imitation so successfully that sometimes the expert is deceived. The range of choice is very wide, and the chief limit is the size of one’s pocketbook. When the choosing of the wall covering has advanced to the selection of the material the time for definite choice has arrived. Every one who has tried this knows how difficult it is. Sheet after sheet, roll after roll, is passed in rapid re- view, with the chief apparent purpose of confusing the mind and postponing decision. But the work must be done, and the single aid that general advice can give is to point out general principles, and indicate what should be excluded or what is suitable for certain conditions. In papers the range of choice is extraordinarily wide, from the simple inexpensive American papers—and very taking many of them are!—to the costly designs of French and English draftsmen, with Morris and Day at their head. It is the high grade foreign papers that are most apt to reach American markets, and many of them are not only sin- gularly attractive, but works of extreme beauty. The com- plicated designs of the masters of wall papers are only suited to separate use; they are strong and vigorous patterns, requiring no help from pictures, and almost completely fur- nishing a room in themselves. Very attractive rooms are now covered with silk allied materials. These goods come in very delicate terns, a circumstance to which they doubtless chiefly owe their popularity. Not quite the same effect would be pro- duced were these designs translated into paper, for the ma- terial has a direct relationship to the design, and what might seem very good in one material would fail to be as successful in another. Decorated leather is the richest of all wall coverings, and it is certainly one of the most expensive. It is a covering intended only for rooms of great luxury and only suited to such. Its rich deep tones of dark brown are marvelously beautiful, and the enriching effect of other colors, deep and warm in tone, is most striking. It is so splendid in its effect that its use in other than the most expensive of houses, seems out of place. Tapestry is also another costly material, and is often most effective. and pat- 414 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 Historic Mansions of the James River I11—‘‘ Westover,” the Ancestral Home of the Byrds, Now the Ramsay Homestead By Francis Durando Nichols 2s ESTOVER, which lies on the north bank of J the James River, about half way between Martin’s Brandon and Shirley, is one of the oldest and most beautiful of the old-time properties in Virginia. The plantation was laid out by Sir John Pawlett, the original patent having been issued to his brother, Thomas Pawlett, January 15, 1631. In 1665 it passed into the hands of Theodoric Bland, from whom William Byrd purchased it in 1688. It consisted of two thousand acres of land, for which he paid 300 pounds sterling and ten thousand pounds of tobacco. On the summit of a bluff which rises abruptly from the James River, and some two hundred yards back from the terraced sea-wall, William Byrd proceeded to build the Mansion House of Westover. Though he owned consider- able land in the neighborhood and could have placed his resi- dence wherever he thought proper, he chose this site upon which Westover is built, for the reason that Nature had endowed it magnificently, with its high plateau gracefully studded with fine trees and shrubs, and the mansion was erected in due order and in such a position that it was placed just far enough from the river to insure the retirement which he sought. The main approach to the house is through a lofty gateway, the stone pillars of which are about ten feet high and are surmounted by eagles. From these stone pil- lars swing handsome gates of hammered iron, which were made in England for Colonel Byrd, and are particularly in- teresting as being the first ornamental iron work brought into America. The monogram of Col. William Byrd is interwoven in the scroll at the top of the gate. Extending in either direction from the gateway is an iron fence, the many posts of which are surmounted by ornamental tops, a different design for each post. Passing through the chief Fine Old Trees Shade the River Front of the House AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 Ae of hammered iron in which the arms of the Byrd family are interwoven, but are almost lost in the luxuriant growth of vines which overhang them. gateway one enters the court in front of the house. The impres- sion at once obtained of the mansion is its generous proportions and its elongated effect. It is a large central building, three stories in height, surmounted by a hipped roof, relieved by a row of dormer windows. Colonnades, extending in either direction from the main building, connect with wings, one containing the ae errmeriare kitchen and service rooms and the other the loggia and the ballroom. The house was built in a most substantial manner, and in those days when honest workmanship was preferred to shoddy display. It is constructed of red brick, which have grown old with age, har- monizing well with the black of the steep slated roof, that blends into the deep green of the superb tulip poplars which sweep the Old Gateway of Wrought Iron = Be Tomb of Evelyn Byrd The House Is Built of Red Brick which Has Mellowed with Age roofs and shield the broad facade from too inquisitive a view from the river below the house. The picturesque entrance ways which are placed at either side of the house are reached by a series of three-sided stone There is a closely clipped lawn, which is inclosed within a red brick wall, broken on either side by gateways, pro- vided with square brick pillars and ornamental iron gates. The avenues from the boat landings end in smaller gates steps. The entrance doorway from the roadway has a storm vestibule, inclosed with glass, with Corinthian pilasters and a classic pediment. The doorway of the river front of the house has similar pilasters and capitals, its pediment being jee handsomely carved, using the pine apple as the symbol of Both entrance ways open into the elaborately carved and paneled hall, which is about fourteen feet wide and extends through the depth of the house. work here is treated with an old ivory-white paint. The fine staircase is of extra width, and its crowning glory is its twisted balusters carved out of solid ma- hogany brought from England. The drawing-room, on the left side of the hall, is heavily paneled, and has ornamental cornices of great beauty. room is the chimney-piece, which Colonel Byrd imported from Italy. It has a very fine white marble ped- iment and borders, contrasting in a striking manner with the background of black-veined marble. Colonel Byrd paid the equivalent of twenty-five hun- hospitality. dred dollars for it, which _ shows the magnificent manner in which the master of Westover lived in the old Colonial days. Steps from this room, as well as from the library, lead down into the loggia, f rom which access is obtained to the ballroom. The loggia has windows on either side, which when closed in win- ter convert it into a perfect sunroom. — It contains green wicker furniture, and has plenty of grow- ing palms and plants placed about it. The ballroom beyond is a fine room, with paneled walls from the floor to the ceil- ing, surmounted by a heavily molded and dentalled cornice, all painted old ivory- AMERICAN HOMES AIND {GrAIRIDIER NES The feature of the Door of the River Front The wood- November, 1907 heavy molded cornice, all of which is painted old ivory-white. The fireplace has a finely carved mantel. The sideboard is a fine old Hepplewhite, and the lowboy, the corner closets and other furniture are of mahogany. A large square hall connects the dining- room with the butler’s pantry; this is large and ample in size, and is fitted with the best modern conveniences. It gives access to another large hall, with exterior entrances on either side, beyond which is the large, square kitchen in the west wing. Here also is the laundry and a hall staircase by which the servants’ quarters on the second floor are reached. The chambers on the second floor of the main house are fin- ished and decorated with the same elegance and_ refinement which mark the interior of the lower rooms; in fact, every part of the house gives proof of the wealth and taste of its founders and owners. Romantic interest is centered in the sleeping-room which was occupied by Evelyn Byrd, and which is directly over the morning-room. William Byrd, the first of the fam- ily of that name to reach America, mi- grated with his bride, about 1674, from England to Virginia, having come from the little town of Broxton in the County of Chester. Little is known of his life and transactions from the time of his arrival in Vir- ginia until his decease, except that he had large patents of land. The Goy- ernment gave him a liberal grant of Tomb of Colonel William Byrd white. ‘The stage at one end of the room has a fully equipped lighting apparatus for the pro- duction of amateur plays and for the use of an orchestra when Terpsichorean delights are to be indulged in. The stage is supplied with dressing- rooms and an outside entrance thereto. It makes an admirable adjunct to a large country mansion such as Westover is. Connecting with the draw- ing-room and also with the hall is the library, with paneled walls from the floor to the ceiling, treated also with old ivory-white paint. Book- cases of mahogany are built in and the fireplace has a marble mantel imported from Italy. Across the hall from the drawing-room is the morning-room, which is designed and furnished in the Louis XV_ style. carved mantel. The dining-room, to the right of the main entrance and across the hall from the library, has paneled walls with a There are sea-green panels with cream-white trim from the floor to the ceiling. The fireplace has modern buff brick facings and hearth and an exquisitely The Main Approach to the House Is Through a Gateway of Early Wrought Iron land contingent on his settling, with fifty able-bodied men, at the falls of the James River, where is now the city of Richmond, and where formerly stood a block house which was erected in 1645 to protect the settlers from the Indians. William Byrd, while having large patents of land in Vir- ginia, really got his start in life from his uncle, Capt. Thomas November, 1907 Stegg, who, being disgusted at the collapse of the Cavalier cause, shook off the dust of Puritan England and migrated to Virginia, where he died shortly afterward, leaving his estate to the young couple, who came to Virginia to claim it. He was born in London, but he had good Cheshire blood in his veins, for he could trace his descent from Hugo le Bird of Charleton. His wife, Mary, was also of good family, for her father, Col. Warham Horsemanden, was a Kentish Cavalier and was descended in a direct line from Edward III. Col. William Byrd, the second of the name, was born March 28, 1674. He inherited the vast estate and became the master of Westover. His portrait, together with the portrait of his daughter, Evelyn, hangs in Martin’s Brandon. Colonel Byrd was much more than a man of the world, for though he spent his childhood days in Virginia, his edu- cation was gained in Virginia and in England, and in school and in trade he was possessed of that training and refine- ment which few men of his day had acquired. While he was devoted to agriculture, and his plantation AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Morming-room was the object lesson of all the country about him, his mind was turned toward in- tellectual and artistic pur- suits. Colonel Byrd was the master of Westover for forty years, and during that time he gratified his tastes by the collecting of works of art for the decoration of 417 Mr. George Evelyn Harrison, the son of her daughter Eve- lyn, who had married Mr. Benjamin Harrison, of Martin’s Brandon, and in this way they came into the possession of the present Harrison family of that estate. Colonel Byrd married, in 1706, Lucy Parke, the daughter or Marlborough’s aide-de-camp, who carried the news of the great victory of Blenheim to Queen Anne. Her eldest sister, Frances, the year before, had married Col. John Custis, the ancestor of Martha Washington’s first husband, and this explains why one of Sir Godfrey Kneller’s por- traits of Col. Daniel Parke is hanging in the drawing-room of Martin’s Brandon, from whom George Washington’s The Stairs and Hall adopted son, George Washington Parke Cus- tis, derives his name. Evelyn Byrd, his daughter, lived a life which was poetic and romantic. She was born at Westover, July 16, 1707, and died in her thirtieth year. She early in life displayed a quaint poetic fancy, and her life was spent among books and flowers. She also developed signs of uncommon talents and virtues, both of which were cultivated with his house and for the beau- tifying of his garden. It was one of the first estates in America to be adorned with statuary. He built elaborate conservatories, the ruins of which are now traceable, fine gardens, and laid out drives and walks from the interior highways and from the river. His library, which was com- menced by his father, was the first private collection in America. The catalogue, which is still preserved, enumer- ates 3625 volumes. The famous Westover manuscripts, which were written for private perusal, and were reprinted in the last century, establish him as one of the keenest intellects of his time. They descended to his son, Col. William Byrd, who mar- ried Mary Willing, of Philadelphia; she presented them to The Dining-room Is Furnished with Old Mahogany great care by her father, who sent her to England, where she was educated in all the accomplishments of a polished gentlewoman, and became a lady of fashion. As she grew into womanhood her beauty became famous, and at sixteen she was presented at Court. The carved ivory fan which she carried at her presentation is now in the possession of Miss Harrison of Martin’s Brandon. The pathetic romance of Westover is familiar to readers of history. It is said that among the many men whom Eve- lyn Byrd met while in England was the grandson of the famous Earl of Peterborough, with whom she fell in love and to whom she was actually engaged. But her father for- bade her marrying him on account of his religious views, and 418 she eventually died of a broken heart. Evelyn Byrd had other admirers, among whom was Daniel Parke Custis, who was favored by both his father, Col. John Custis, and Colonel Byrd, but he finally married Martha Dandridge, who later married George Washington, and who is his- torically known as Martha Washington. The tombs of the master of Westover and his favorite daughter rest under the shade trees in the grove quite close to the house, and are passed on the road from the boat land- ing to the mansion. The family burial-ground also contains many old tombs which are covered with descriptions and coats-of-arms, among which are those of Cap. William Byrd, the emigrant, and Mary his wife; William Byrd, the second, and Evelyn Byrd, his daughter; Benjamin Harrison, of Berkeley, father of the signer; Mrs. Harrison, Rev. Charles Anderson, Col. Dalter Aston, and others. Col. William Byrd’s monument, which is in the old- fashioned garden in the rear of the man- sion, contains a very concise record of his life, on one side being the following inscription: ‘‘Here lyeth the Honor- able William Byrd, Esqr. Being born to one of the am- plest fortunes in this country, he was sent early to Eng- land for his educa- tion; where, under the care and instruc- tion of Sir Robert Southwell, and ever favored with his particular instructions, he made a happy proficiency in polite and various learning; by the means of the same noble friend, he was introduced to the acquaintance of many of the first persons of that age for knowledge, wit, virtue, birth or high station, and particularly attracted a most close and bosom friendship with the learned and illustrious Charles Boyle Earl of Orrery. He was called to the bar AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Drawing-room Chimney,,Piece Was Imported from Italy by Colonel Byrd November, 1907 gentleman and polite companion, the splendid economist and prudent father of a family with the constant enemy of all exorbitant power, and hearty friend to the liberties of his Country. Nat. Mar. 28, 1674 Mort. Aug. 26, 1744 An. Aetat 70.” Upon the death of Col. William Byrd II, Westover be- came the property of William Byrd III, who was born at Westover on September 6, 1728. He was only sixteen years old when his father died, but he acquired the education of a gentleman and became one of the most accomplished men in the colony, and naturally followed in the footsteps of his ancestry. When George Washington was colonel of one of the two regiments of the Virginia militia, William Byrd commanded the other which ac- companied General Forbes in his expe- dition against Fort Duquesne, and he enjoyed the esteem and friendship of the distinguished patriot. The English landed three times at Westover under Arnold and Corn- wallis. During the Revolution, Benedict Arnold, the traitor, a cousin by marriage of Mary Welling, left New York and sailed up the James River, where he an- chored and pro- ceeded in small boats to Westover, with about nine hun- dred men, and pre- pared to march on Richmond. The-e's ta temon Westover was held by the descendants of Colonel Byrd until 1814, when it passed out of the family. During the Civil War, when Mr. John Seldon was owner of Westover, it was used as a Feneral headquarters. Fitz John Porter’s corps encamped on its wheatfields and occupied the old mansion after the Seven Days’ Fight by the Army of the Potomac, which retired in the Middle Temple, studied for some time in the low countries, visited the Court of France and was chosen Fellow of the Royal Society.’ On the other side of the monument is: ‘Thus eminently fitted for the service and or- to Harrison’s landing in pursuance of McClellan, causing the latter’s famous ‘change of base.’ President Lincoln reviewed Dar. Loorn 9X27 De awing Roort 46x 26-6 the troops which were encamped here. The restoration of the old mansion nament of his country, he was made Receiver Gen- eral of his Majesty’s revenues here, was thrice appointed publick agent to the Court and ministry of England, and being thirty-seven years a member at last became President of the Council of this Colony. ‘To all this were added a great elegancy of taste and life, the well-bred JeRST Jl oon Lan and its quaint formal garden has been done during the past ten years by Mr. and Mrs. McCreery Ramsay, its owners, and the interior furnishings include some of the rarest pieces to be found in America. Mrs. Ramsay is a collateral descendant of the Byrds, and the old place is once again in the family. November, 1907 AEWEE RICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 419 A North Shore Garden at Manchester-by-the-Sea By Mary H. Northend gem LEN Manchester-by-the- 7 Sea was young and un- known to the summer guest, Richard H. Dana, the poet and_ essayest, while driving along the main road between Man- chester and Magnolia, heard the sound of the sea upon the beach. Upon investiga- tion he found that the forest land at his right presented an ideal location for a sum- mer home; and so impressed was he with the natural beauty of the spot that he bought a tract of thirty acres, and became the first summer resident of Manchester, advance guard of the summer contingent that now holds the North Shore from Beverly Farms to Gloucester. Mr. Dana settled here in 1845. For years he enjoyed it, with the friends who always surrounded him. Among these was Charles Sumner, who never tired of prais- ing the romantic beauty of the scenery, lauding it above the far-famed Biarritz, the summer resort of Napoleon III. This is now the summer home of Mr. Gardiner Inside the Pergola M. Lane, president of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, and son of the late Professor Lane, of every change has been for the better. Not many years ago Harvard College. It has been changed materially, and this part of the original estate was thrown upon the market, and it chanced to be at a time when Mr. Lane, while seeking a suitable place in which to establish a summer home, was at- tracted by the beauty of the North Shore, with its rugged rocks and picturesque head- lands. Influenced by the beauty of the location at Dana’s Beach, as well as by its historical associations, he purchased the land, and built upon the site of the old house a handsome Colonial mansion. The grounds are extensive, and the winding avenue which leads from the main road gives but little idea of the beauty hid- den from the public gaze. Slowly upward mounts the avenue, climbing the hill be- nie te eT eee 3 tween shadowy trees, whose branches leave be . The a Nee no opening for the passage of the summer ~ VO ‘e 3 sunlight. Dotting the grass land, at the foot of trees, by the side of the roadway, are planted, as if by Nature, rhododen- drons and other flowering shrubs, making a picturesque foreground to the background of trees. At the summit of the rising land stands the house, overlooking the ocean, black in storm, blue in sunlight, or silvery gray in twilight mist. Before the house wide lawns stretch to the very edge of the cliffs, and at one side lie the gardens. Just beyond the porte cochére we come to a break in the hedge of shrubbery which lines this part of the avenue, and see Eng- lish stepping-stones cunningly laid in the The Garden Path from the Pergola to the Entrance grass. ‘These enable us easily to reach the fs ee 420 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Pool and Fountain Are Surrounded by Water Beds garden proper, which was laid out only last year by the pres- From one side of the wide veranda which fronts ent owner. the Cottage is 4 large main walk, with a border of flowering plants, so arranged that it presents from month to month a succession of bloom. On the right are beds of flowers, in- termixed ~with shrubs; and beyond the path leads be- neath a trellised arch, which marks the point of division between the garden beds and the hand- some garden of only a year’s growth. On the other side of this garden is the tennis court, hidden from view by the per- gola of trellis work, over which vines have begun to clamber. Herbaceous plants and trees, to the left, hide the cliff and the sea with its sandy beach below. The garden, which is very extensive, is surrounded by a high ornamental fence. The central feature is a large square, fully seventy feet in diameter, in the middle of which has been placed a round pool twenty feet across. This is surrounded by four separate pools, which occupy the corners of the square. Each of these basins is several feet deep, and defined along the water’s edge in marble. The circular cen- tral depression is carefully designed to con- tain in the future a handsome carved foun- tain of Italian marble, which has not yet been placed. In the four corner basins numerous goldfishes sport about among the stems of aquatic plants, which grow here in great profusion. There are many water- lilies of great variety and beauty, whose cup-like leaves, floating on the surface, The Pergola Framing in the Garden November, 1907 form a pretty setting for the blossoms above. Gravel walks, about three feet wide, intersect the four sides, and sur- round the central pool. ‘Tunnels, built beneath these walks enable the fish to swim freely from one basin to another. Viewing the whole effect of this central embellishment, one can not fail to be im- pressed with the extraordinary beauty and harmony of the plan, which reflects great credit upon Mr. Olmstead, who designed it. One side of the garden is given over to a trellis, which follows a clearly outlined plan. Its beauty will soon be enhanced by the many vines and roses which will cover it. It is decorated with tubs of evergreen shrubs, cut in formal fashion, and so care- fully set as not to obstruct the pleasing view. ‘This trellis faces, on the one hand, the ocean, and on the other, the interior of the garden, with its central fountain and its many beds of gorgeous flowers, planned to follow one another in carefully selected succession, so that there is never dearth of bloom. On the side next the sea has been built a pretty, artistic, cov- ered lookout, of some length; this is spacious, and_ fur- nished with seats. On the other side, overlooking the lower terrace, is the kitchen garden, hid- den from view by the decorative fence. The many-hued iris 1s a special fea- ture of the grounds, and most of them are of the wonder- ful Japanese varie- ties! They lemid themselves admir- ably to the task of beautifying the walks by the fountain with, well-defined effect. The leading idea of the garden seems to be to mass the The Basins and Flower-beds of the Water Garden November, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 421 and is confined, for the most part, to the boundaries and outlines. Kven when the central fountain is finally put in place there will be little of the architectural enrich- ment with which many gardens are em- bellished. Yet there is no sense of lack- ing here, for the garden is beautifully planted, and has a true floral beauty that is really its own. It is a garden of flowers, and hence is a garden of the most beautiful type. It is a garden of flowers agreeably planted and wisely chosen. It is a garden of gay- blooming, sweet-scented flowers, where oné seeks—and finds—nature’s beauty only, and finds it beautifully arranged. Here, then, is a true nature’s treasure spot that will bloom and grow yearly on Massachusetts’s beautiful North Shore. It is but the simple truth to add that it is but one of such natural adornments spread out below this fair blue sky; yet it has its own note of loveliness and its own indi- vidual character. are. Mr. Lane’s garden is a fine illustration Great Masses of the Same Flower Are Kept Distinct in Formal Beds of the decorative value of gardens. It has difierent flowers together for borderings, with due regard to difference in height, while each variety is kept distinct in the formal beds occupying the center. This is illustrated by the introduction of poppy beds, whose dainty, fragile flowers show a rich variety of coloring; and a care- fully tended pansy bed, with face-like blos- soms of remarkable size. Beyond is a bed of Japanese lilies; there is one of dian- ae = = ee a TTT LLL eT . thus; and a conspicuous bed of ten-week stocks. A glance at the border shows all these flowers charmingly intermingled with long plumes of larkspur, or spear-like leaves and butterfly flowers of the Japanese iris, or dainty golden stars of coreopsis. “They revel and run riot with phlox, calendula and hollyhock, all of which are set against a rich background of pines, birches and poplars. The garden is distinctly an individual one—but, then, all gardens are that. For even when the same plants and shrubs are grown there is an individuality of effect The Garden Is Surrounded by a High Ornamental Fence often without thought that this is the end reached. Here, however, we have an eminently distinctive been planned and planted as a decorative adjunct to an in- garden decorated, embellished and beautified with compara- teresting house and as a part of an interesting estate, and the tively simple means. The architectural treatment is modest, interest of the whole place is heightened by it. at 422 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 Color Richness Is the Keynote of the New French Parrot Frieze Crowns, Friezes and Borders By F. Maude Smith WESPITE the fact that many of the most as tastefully papered rooms are minus any- thing like a frieze or a crown, the wallpaper being carried straight up to the cornice, there are many instances in which such a the entire house. ‘This is especially true of a room in which there are few pictures. For bed- chambers, dressing-rooms, morning-rooms, and cer- tain dining-rooms, such a finish to the upper part of the wall is likely to be very charming. As a rule, too, it is best suited to the simpler sort of house, since the arrangement of the statelier styles is more than likely to be complete without wallpaper, except- ing in some of the upper rooms. Just now the wallpaper most liked for the entire second story of a house and for some other rooms is white, either plain or with a glossy stripe. The next modish wallpaper is a diaper or other woven effect in white and a soft tint, usually delicate gray. Such a paper is correct for any downstairs room, as is the white with the glossy stripe. In any case the ceiling and cornice are covered with a paper in the kid finish in white, or an ivory or pearl tint, ac- cording to the side wall. An elaboration in the crown effect that pleases Pe Cut Crown of White Grapes persons who do not like the plain side wall is one of the variations offered by wallpaper firms. That early favorite, the rose arbor effect, has had many fascinating followers, the nasturtium being among the latest. The nasturtium crown, a dainty riot of brown, orange and gold and sketchy foliage, comes with a lovely nasturtium bedroom paper on an ivory ground with a narrow high gloss stripe. Or it may be used above a striped paper without the nastur- tium figuring. It costs $1.25 per roll of seven yards, while the side wall is a matter of thirty-five cents. Charming effects may be had, too, by cut- ting out crowns from wall- paper designed for the side wall. ‘These may be dis- tinguished by endless va- riety, as the range of floral papers to choose from is practically inexhaustible. Quite the highest chic for bedrooms, however, is the very old-fashioned border, the narrow finish that topped the walls of our grandmothers. ‘There are mere ribbon borders, flower borders and furni- ture gimp designs, caught with a bunch of blossoms at intervals, which are cor- rect above chambray and diaper designs. Then there are valance effects, with the old-world charm of the posy-decked flounces and paper lace- edged bouquets of long ago, and little old-timey drapery effects, caught up with quaint roses and red- olent of days agone. November, 1907 For the nursery there simply must be a frieze, or, better yet, sections of friezes. And quaint nursery frieze sections may be had separately. The one illus- trated costs seventy-five cents, and shows the mod- ern sort to be as inspiriting as the old-time sort was namby-pamby. Sturdy lit- tle Dutch boys and girls at play with solid Dutch toys are among the most pop- ular, though that original Cecil Aldin “Cracking the Whip” group has by no means been ousted from favor. Such sections are often framed, or put up with glass headed pins, or pasted between architect- ural features. At any rate they should not be placed around the top of the wall, both because the effect is monotonous and up where theslittle occupant can hardly see it. While this type of deco- ration is best suited to up- stairs rooms, splendid ef- _ fects may be noted on the main floor of many an at- tractive house. A dining-room, foi in- stance, may be vastly en- riched by means of a crown cut from a fruit paper. A certain inviting dining- room in a Florida winter home has its cream wall- paper topped by a design cut from an orange-figured paper, showing fruit that looks as real as that which hangs outside the broad dining-room window. Very often the smaller fruits are utilized with fine effect, though it would be difficult to discover anything that lends itself as completely as the grape. A crown for a dining-room done in natural wood is cut from a paper with a Burne-Jones AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS as /\ Lal ' i i iil HOPED Se. Mme, Nasturtium Crown with Ivory Ground and Narrow High Gloss Stripe Quaint Nursery Frieze Sections May Be Had Separately 423 ground, which matches the plain paper that is used down to the wainscoting. Upon the heavy, gnarled vine in purple-tan shades are dainty tendrils, leaves of russet and green, and great grapes of deliciously warm purple hues. The pictured crown is cut from a design showing splendid white grapes on a magnifi- cent vine, and is used above a white paper with a high gloss stripe in a room with immaculately white wood- work and rare old mahog- any furniture. So out of the ordinary is the French parrot frieze, and so entirely “in the pic- ture’ with the Colonial fur- nishings of a Colonial house, that it can not be declared banal even by the greatest stickler for plain walls. No matter how dead friezes may be in the ordinary sense, they are tremendously alive if they be exceptional in themselves or very much in accord with the other furnishings, or with the taste of the occu- pant. ‘This very deep par- rot frieze, which costs $1.50 per yard, shows splendid parrots done in blues and greens and a sumptuous, rosy shade which is both raspberry red and watermelon pink. Some of them are plucking rosy grapes from the mas- sive vine with its richly tinted leaves. With rasp- berry pink hangings and a rug in that tone—what de- lightful warmth! Indeed, color richness is the key- note of this superb new French parrot frieze. Another exceptional example is the sunset yachting frieze, which has been used in the seashore house of a yachtsman. The Poetic and Fascinating Sunset Yachting Frieze 424 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 A Half-timbered and Stucco House By John Mair SMALL. country house built for J. L. Bailey, Esq., at Wynnewood, Pa., designed in the English style and constructed of stucco and half-timber work, presents the expression of what an architect can do when he tries to attain a true domestic quality in his work, and gives a real feeling of home. Messrs. Bailey and Bassett, architects of Philadelphia, who make a specialty of this class of work, have evolved a system by which the planning of a house of this character and the many problems which are to be overcome are greatly reduced, as shown by the results attained. One of the most important of these is the solution of that ever present question of the servants’ rooms in relation to the part of the house occupied by the family. Under the usual conditions of modern life these two separate communities must be accommodated under the same roof and with due regard for the privacy and comfort of each. It is not enough to consider the position of the rooms alone, but it is equally important that the various routes taken by the family and the servants should be as distinct as possible, and this the architects have been quite successful in doing, as is shown in the plans. It is a house of moderate proportions, and shows how far this ques- tion has been cap- able of treatment men dew the opr cumstances. A door from the main hall closes the ser- vice end from the main part of the house, and the rela- tive position of the kitchen and _ sery- ants’ rooms prevents the passage of sound and kitchen odors to the main part of the dwelling. The main en- trance is _ inclosed with a_ rock-faced stone terrace which extends across part of the front of the house to the car- riage drive, permit- ting of another means of reaching the entrance. The design of the The Agreeable Exterior of a Well Planned House exterior is excellent, and its small-lighted windows, its mas- sive chimney, and its attractive dormers lend character to the whole general scheme. The walls above the underpinning are of rock-faced stone constructed of stucco of a soft gray color, while the trimmings and half-timber work is stained a soft brown. ‘The roof is covered with shingles and stained a soft reddish brown color. The front door is recessed into the hall, thereby forming an outer vestibule in which there are placed seats on either side. The hall is trimmed with chestnut finished in Flemish brown. It has a paneled wainscoting and an ornamental staircase of English character rising up to the second floor. The ceiling is beamed, forming panels. To the left of the entrance is the drawing-room, which is treated with white enamel paint, and is furnished with an open fireplace with tiled facings and hearth and mantel. The library beyond is trimmed with chestnut, and it is finished in Flemish brown. It has a paneled seat and bookcases built in, and an open fireplace built of brick, with the facings and hearth of similar brick, and a mantel of good design. The dining-room, across the hall, has a similar treatment, and has also ceiling beams. A door opens into the servants’ hall and the butler’s pantry, which is fitted with sink, drawers and dresser. The kitchen and laundry is fitted with all the best modern conven- iences. The second floor is trimmed with chestnut, and con- tains five bedrooms and two bathrooms, the latter furnished with tiled wainscot- ing and floor and porcelain _ fixtures and exposed _ nickel- plated plumbing. The arrangement of the various rooms in relation to the bath- rooms is quite unique. One extra guest room, two servants’ rooms and bath and a trunk room are placed on the third floor. A cemented cellar con- tains a heating ap- paratus, etc. November, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 425 Beowroore 45 x/5- DE£ Door, | IZGXRITG Dining Koon SEXSAP (S219 P The Stable Follows the Style of the House 426 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 Flowers for House and Table D ecorations Three Months of Bloom for Forty Cents By I. M. Angell T IS so much more ‘‘worth while” to raise our own flowers for table decoration, or for anniversaries and festive occasions, than to depend on the store-made kind from the florist. Whether they are intended to use as presents or simply as ornaments, they mean so much more if we have watched and tended them, in the hope of giving pleasure, than if they are only ordered from a greenhouse. The chief obstacle to the practising of this theory, of every man his own florist, is the uncertainty of having the plants in bloom on the dates they are wanted, but this can be reduced almost to a certainty by some experimenting and a little experience, especially with the winter-flowering bulbs. In our gardening career we have found bulbs the easiest and most satisfactory of all house- plants. For several years we have kept their records, so that we know what to expect of the bulbs, if we do our part. Among their many good qualities are their long period of bloom and the short time it is necessary to have them around before and after flowering. ‘The flowers of many kinds will keep in good condition for three weeks, a month, or even longer, if the plants are placed in a cool room during the blooming season. ‘The pots need not be brought out till a few weeks before they are wanted for decoration. As soon as potted they are placed in a dark, cool spot to make roots, and as soon as their beauty has departed they can be put in a light cellar to ripen, thus being in sight only during the period in which they are interesting or beautiful. From four kinds of bulbs, costing only forty cents, we had steady bloom from the second week in January to the first week in April. The paper-white narcissus began the display. This was potted the first week in October and brought from the cellar early in December. Five weeks later the flowers opened and the blooming season lasted till February 1st. The next pot brought out contained a blue double hyacinth, Garrick; this was planted the middle of October and brought out to the light just two months later. The bloom began at the end of January and continued till the first of March. Poeticus narcissus provided our next table- ornament. Three bulbs were potted together, the last day of October, and the pot was brought from the cellar three months later. This was an unusually long time to leave them in darkness, but the better the root-grewth before the tops start the better will be the bloom. The first flower opened the last week in February and the last flower faded the third week in March. Last, but not least, was the Empress nar- cissus, potted the end of October. As it will bear slow forc- ing, we kept it in the cellar for four months, in order to extend our season of blooming plants. It began to flower the fourth week of March and faded the first week of April. Cost of the Four Pots of Bulbs Paper-white narcissus, one bulb Garrick, hyacinth, one bulb Poeticus ornatus, narcissus, three bulbs, @ 3 cts. each .09 Empress narcissus, two bulbs, @ 7 cts. each........ 14 A good soil for bulbs is a combination of woods-earth, turf-soil and sand, with a little very old manure. As soon as they are potted we water them well and set away in a dark, cool place to make roots. This will take two months, more or less. They are ready to bring to the light any time after the earth is filled with roots. This can be determined by turning out the ball of earth when it is damp enough so the soil will not fall away. Bulbs should be kept slightly moist, not wet, or they will mold. First we bring them to subdued light, until the foliage part turns green, then we Paper-white Narcissus, showing growth made in two weeks after bringing to light foliage and buds Poeticus Narcissus, photographed less than three weeks after leaving the cellar, showing the rapid growth of Poeticus Narcissus, potted on October 31, brought to light, March | ; budded, March 19; bloomed, March 25 to Apnil 4 November, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 427 These two pictures show two weeks’ growth. ‘The plant was brought from the cellar on March |, and on March 25 the first flower opened. ae The foliage is noticeably broad and strong. on The Plant is the Empress Narcissus, one of the best of the White and Yellow Trumpets. place them in full sunlight. A table with two or three shelves is convenient, as they can spend the four or five days, which they take to attain the proper green color, on the lower shelves of the table, and as they are placed in full sunshine others may be brought to occupy the lower shelves, thus pro- viding succession of bloom. A medium-cool, moist atmos- phere agrees best with bulbs. Air that is hot and dry will blast the buds before they open. We have experimented with narcissus to the extent of nearly forty kinds of named ones, and with hyacinths, tulips and crocus, to a less degree, and of them all we have found the following to be the most satisfactory for our condition: a cellar where the thermometer stands from forty to fifty and a light, sunny room that averages sixty degrees, warmer in the daytime. Those that gave the best returns —Crocus—mixed; tulip —Princess Marianne; Roman hyacinth—double blush; nar- cissus—poeticus, incomparable, paper-white (large-flow- ered). Von Sion, orange phoenix, double Roman and Chinese lily. These were not so satisfactory.—-Jonquils—small and in- significant ; medium trumpet narcissus—we gave up this type because they were less showy than the doubles, less delicate than the poeticus and do not bear as many flowers as the polyanthus sorts; all-white, large, double and trumpet sorts —we had bad luck with these, they blighted every time; mixed narcissus were not satisfactory—the named sorts are much better and more than pay for the extra cost. These four sorts are particularly beautiful—The paper- white is the very popular all-white polyanthus narcissus seen in the florists’ windows in early winter. The poeticus is a favorite with every one who has learned to know its pure- white petals and beautifully colored cup and its delicious odor. It is one of the best for either indoors or outdoors. The Empress, worthy of its name, is a choice yellow and white, long trumpet narcissus. ‘The foliage is broad and strong and the flowers large and handsome. Among the bulbs mentioned as giving good returns in ordinary living-rooms are crocus, tulips and Chinese lily. There are a few points to be remembered in the handling of these bulbs, which will help to insure the best results. Crocus —the largest sized corms should be selected, and injured or imperfect ones should be discarded; the soil should not be kept too moist while roots are forming, as crocus seems to mold more easily than some of the other sorts of bulbs. TABLE OF THE FOUR KINDS OF BULBS THAT SUPPLIED THREE MONTHS OF BLOOM Last (LENGTH OF | BROUGHT | FIRST BULB VARIETY POTTED FROM BLOOMING CELLAR | BLOOM BLOOM SEASON Narcissus |Paper-white) Oct.5 | Dec. 6 | Jan. 9 | Feb. 1 24 days Hyacinth Garrick Oct. 19 | Dec. 16 | Jan. 28 | Mar. 1 33 days : Poeticus | Narcissus | Foes Oct. 31 | Jan. 29 | Feb. 26 | Mar. 19| 21 days Narcissus ‘Empress | Oct. 31) Mar. 1 | Mar. 25 | Apr. 4 10 days Tulips—the skin should be of a reddish color, but it is not necessary that the bulbs be of the largest size; it is important that they make good root growth. Chinese lily—the best place for starting this kind is a dish of pebbles and water; the water should be deep enough to reach half way up the bulb and allowance made for the lifting caused by growing roots. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 428 November, 1907 An English Method of Teaching Art woe By W. C. Fitz-Gerald Bp) Cars HOUSANDS of women and girls in the old has for centuries been a favorite subject for artists. The ARIES countries take a thoroughly practical course most popular open-air English art school is that of Mr. aN in art training for several years. One of Frank Calderon, son of a member of the British Royal England’s most famous and successful por- trait painters, Mrs. Jopling Rowe, did not begin to learn drawing or painting until four years after her marriage; and her in- come to-day is probably $40,000 a year, chiefly from por- traiture. Mrs. Rowe argues that even if a girl may not de- velop into a Rosa Bonheur, she may at least turn in useful dollars on black and white illustration, miniature painting, fan and china decoration, or even what is called ‘“‘design’’— artistic and original conceptions for wallpaper, carpets, cre- tonnes and figured goods of all kinds. The openings for real talent are very many, and really good work is highly paid. Moreover, as we shall see, an art training nowadays is robbed of much of its old-time drudgery. Of course, steady hard work is absolutely necessary; what woman ever hoped to play a sonata of Mozart or Beethoven without many months of practice at monotonous scales and exercises? Nowadays the course at an art school in Paris or London, instead of being suspended during the warm summer months, is merely transferred to the country, where in a sweet environ- ment of meadow and brook, birds and_ flowers and trees, the students work in the sunlight of garden or lawn, with very real instead of artificial models of cows and horses, rustics and wagons; lovely landscapesand moonlit skies, against a picturesque back- ground of perhaps seven- teenth century cottages. Some British art schools for women are actually transferred abroad in sum- mer. Thus there is one which migrates across the English Channel from May to August to the lovely Norman seaside re- sort of Dieppe, not far from medieval Rouen, whose venerable cathedral Academy. The headquarters are in fashionable Baker Street, London. The school year is divided into three terms of about twelve weeks each, commencing in January, April and October. Classes are held for drawing and painting from live horses and dogs, as well as casts of all kinds, still life, and also from the human figure, both nude and in costume. Lectures by the most eminent living authorities are ar- ranged on art and anatomy. But the moment the sun re- turns in the spring the entire school is moved down into the country. It is in the little village of Finchingfield, Essex, not far from the Countess of Warwick’s beautiful place at Easton, that Mr. Calderon’s school is found during the summer months. His headquarters are established in a beautiful rambling old country house covered with honeysuckle, purple Bou- gainvillea, and vines. Behind stretch rolling meadows starred with daisies, buttercups, and blue bells, and drop- A Summer Morning in an Outdoor Art School November, 1907 Neighboring Farmers Cheerfully Lend Their Animals for Models ping gently to a brook such as Tennyson would have loved to describe. And round about are old tumble-down barns and outhouses with all the paraphernalia of an ancient Eng- lish farmhouse. Out in these gardens and lawns you will see groups of well-born girls and women seated at their easels, palette in hand, painting assiduously; an old patient plow horse acting as model, with perhaps a picturesque rustic astride his back. In showery weather the pupils assemble in one of the old barns, and here horses, cows and _ peasants are brought as living models. Neighboring farmers cheerfully lend donkeys, goats, pigs and other ani- mals, well knowing they will be taken care of and well fed and petted by the students. ‘The life of the student is certainly an ideal one. There are but two classes a day, one in the morning and the second in the afternoon; and for the rest, ardent students roam at will sketching the many choice “‘bits’” which abound in every direction. For in- stance, there are quaint old mills driven by wind or water which were here in days when Raleigh was Elizabeth’s favorite. There are beautiful hills crowned with woods and_ flanked with wheat fields, picked out with scarlet poppies. The open-air art school is, in short, a kind of sum. mer club for girls; but their AONVEEPR YC AON) “HO MPE’S;) A IN’D GARDENS 4.29 devotion to their artistic labors is most noticeable Mr. Calderon assures me he has the greatest difficulty in inducing his pupils to take a holiday or rest at all. Sometimes they will sit under big lawn-sunshades or parasols for three or four hours at a_ stretch, sketching a rustic milkmaid milking a cow on the sward beneath a giant oak. There is nothing arti- ficial about the composition of such’ a picture; for you have but to walk away from this most interesting of schools to the farmhouse over the hill and you will see similar ‘“‘compositions”’ at every turn, with no thought of art at all. The only animals taken down from London are the dogs, of which Mr. Calderon has an immense collection, ranging from Russian wolfhounds to. tiny lapdogs, such as fine ladies take with them when driving in the park. “Learn to draw from the living model at once’’ is the rule. ‘Cultivate your memory; do not lose sight of your en- thusiasm, and refrain from working when it goes against the grain. And do not attempt to paint until you have learned to draw.’ Couture, the French painter, used to say, ‘Took for five minutes at your model and one at your draw- ing.’ ‘This is the golden rule borne in mind at all these open-air art schools of the Old World. Groups of Girls and Women Seated at Their Easels Painting Assiduously The Charming Surroundings Are Keen Incentives to Constant Painting Now and then an eminent Royal Academician comes down to inspect the women’s work and give a little practical lecture on art. ‘These visits, and the attendant examinations and criticisms, together with delightful tea parties and pic- nics, render the work of the art course very far from arduous. The pupils have big charming bedrooms with plenty of light and air, daintily though plainly furnished. They rise at eight and troop down to a regular English farmhouse breakfast, served by rustic maids such as Jean Francois Millet himself would have loved to study. By about half past nine the classes are arranged. Some girls will group themselves about an old plow and _ horse with rural attendants; others will decide to paint cows with a background of woodland trees; others again go in for figure-painting or portraiture pure and simple. Although the work is very valuable from a practical point of view, it also forms a most delightful artistic holiday for girls of culture and refinement, who may make acquaintances which develop into lifelong friendships. ‘Then, too, the pupils find they have had so excellent a training, although AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 this has been acquired al- most unconsciously, that on leaving the school they are fitted to begin paying work, no matter how humble. The students have been trained to draw directly from the living model, and without the tedious train- ing from the antique figure, which was so prominent a feature in European art schools in olden days. Rapid sketching of models in action does un- doubtedly tend to give elasticity and ease to the drawing, and to do away with wooden stiff-looking effects which are to be avoided. Periodically the work of the students is sent up to London for exhibi- tion, and invitations are sent out to artistic and fash- ionable folk of all degrees. The pictures sell extremely well, for only the best are on show, and being painted direct from nature instead of from artificial models, they have the air of the “real thing” about them. More than once no less a personage than Sir Edward Poynter, president of the Royal Academy, has gone to Finchingfield for a day or two and expressed himself de- lighted both with the practical and artistic work of the young ladies. Altogether, it is no wonder these open-air art schools should be growing more and more popular, and many a delicate girl’s constitution has been built up by a season’s course amid the smiling valleys, wooded hills and sunlit meadows of Finchingfield. Moreover, the society there is found congenial by many a shy fragile girl, and the pure sweet air, musical evenings, and constant work, act as a tonic whose value can not be overrated. Besides, there is the pos- sibility of winning a scholarship at the Royal Academy, which may amount to as much as $1000 a year, and this will enable an economical student to travel abroad and study in the great Continental galleries, without which no artist’s education is considered complete. November, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 431 The Birth of the Wheat By Percy Collins GRAIN of wheat! Probably no single ob- 4 ject, great or small, possesses a fuller sig- / nificance, or is pregnant with a wider possi- bility in its relation to mankind than this tiny seed, which measures, in its dry state, one-quarter of an inch in extreme length. Think, for a moment, what would happen if this grain, with its fellows throughout the world, were by some unforeseen chance to chain up its life principle within itself—if, in other words, germination were to be arrested for a single year. The result to mankind would be appalling. Not only would myriads of our fellow creatures be brought to the verge of starvation, but the whole fabric of civilization would be shaken to its foundations. By what means is this calamity averted year by year? In what manner is the birth of the wheat secured? Man takes but small part in the miracle. True, he prepares the soil and watches long and patiently for the harvest. But with the actual labor of birth he has no concern. Nature alone holds the key, and we can only stand and marvel as we see the door of life revolving upon its hinges. If we examine a grain of wheat (Fig. 1) separated from an ordinary farmer’s sample, we see that it is more or less spindle-shaped, with a groove or channel on one side and a tuft of silvery hairs at one extremity. But the grain is shrunken, and its skin is wrinkled, and we shall be able to examine it more profitably after it has been steeped in water for, say, a period of twelve hours. Moisture will now have passed into the grain, and it will have become swol- len—completely fill- ing the envelope, or skin, which _ pro- tected it during its period of sleep, which is now draw- ing to a close. Regarding first what we may term the obverse of the grain (Fig. 2) we notice again the tuft of silvery hairs at One we xt Te mii ty, and at the other a slight prominence, bounded by a de- presseds) area, ior ditch. ‘This promi- nence will shortly call for our undi- vided attention. It is the embryo—the germinating point of the seed — the spot whence issues the living wheat plant. For the mo- ment, however, it will be sufficient to note that one ex- tremity of ‘the 1—The Untouched Grain 2—The Grain Soaked in Water : Obverse 3—The Same Reversed 4—The Beginning of Growth 5— The Protrudance of the Sheath Guarding the Primary Root prominence—that nearest to the hairy end of the grain—is termed, because of what lies beneath it, the plumule, or young shoot. The other extremity, for a like reason, is known as the radicle, or young root. We may now turn the grain over and examine its reverse (Fig. 3). The tuft of hairs is still a feature, and we notice that the groove, or channel, originates among them. It may be regarded, in fact, as a kind of irrigation channel; for it provides a passage for the moisture collected by the hairs, and carries it to the embryo, the radicle of which is seen protruding from beneath. By means of the tuft of hairs, the groove, and the depression which surrounds the embryo upon the obverse, side of the grain, the young root and the young shoot are constantly anointed with moisture throughout the whole period of their early development. It is important to bear in mind that the bulk of the seed in a grain of wheat consists of a store of nourishment destined to support the young plant during the period of germination, and until it is sufficiently established to obtain food for itself from the surrounding elements. ‘This store is called the albumen, and is quite distinct from the embryo, with its plumule and radicle, which forms the prominence at one end of the grain. The albumen, in fact, closely resembles the yolk-bag which is attached to and nourishes the young chicken prior to its escape from the egg shell. The conditions necessary for the germination of a grain of wheat are moisture, warmth and the presence of oxygen. Exposed to these influences, the pent-up life within the grain begins to manifest itcelta hes kin above the embryo ruptures, forming first a tiny orifice, which rapidly lengthens until a slit extending from end to end of the prom- inence is formed GEhtiee a). Lhe birth of the wheat has now fairly com- menced. Later—after an interval, perhaps, of several hours— the watcher ob- serves the sheath which guards the primary root. pro- truding (Fig. 5). A few hours more and the whole sheath will be ex- posed to view; the protecting skin will be worced ais i die* while the tips of the young root and the young shoot will have emerged from opposite ends of the sheath (Fig. 6). At this period it is 6—The Tips of the Young Root and the Young Shoot Have Emerged from Opposite Ends of the Sheath 7—The Extension of the Primary Root 8—The Development of the Adventitious Roots and the Root-hairs 9—The Beginning of a Second Pair of Adventitious Roots 432 often noticeable that the plumule is somewhat more ad- vanced in growth than the radicle. This advance, however, is deceptive; for when we come to examine the next important stage in the birth of the wheat (Fig. 7) we invariably find that whereas the young shoot has made little growth, the young root has extended in a surprisingly rapid manner: Moreover, we notice that the tips of two more roots have made their appearance—the first pair of adventitious roots they are called; and we begin to realize, perhaps for the first time, that the birth of the wheat is a complex matter, and that we have as yet by no means seen the end of it. For the moment, however, the reader will do well to pay exclusive attention to the primary root which has become so suddenly elongated. The very fact of its rapid growth seems to indicate its im- portance. Indeed, upon it devolves the duty of obtaining the increasing sup- ply of moisture de- manded by the germinating em- bryo. It must pro- cure, moreover, cer- tain chemicals in solution which are requisite for build- ing up the living cell tissue of the plant which is to be. So the primary root goes down- ward into the soil; and at a very early age it de- velops root hairs— delicate white fila- ments which spread out at right angles to the root. They assist it in its search for moisture; also, by their passage among the minute particles of soil, they probably add materially to the holding power of 10 I the root—an im- : . : 10—The Beginning of the First Leaf portant function in view of wind, or heavy rain, which might at any moment strain the anchorage of the germinating seed. The most interesting part of this tiny root, however, is its tip, or growing point. This is semi-liquid and transpar- ent; yet it exhibits an exquisite sensitiveness which enables it to avoid destruction and threatened injury, and to feel its way between the particles of soil. One is tempted to endow it in imagination with a species of intelligence. ‘‘A radicle,”’ wrote Darwin, ‘“‘may be compared with a burrowing animal, such as a mole, which wishes to penetrate perpendicularly down into the ground. By continually moving its head from side to side, or circumnutating, he will feel any stone or other obstacle, as well as any difference in the hardness of the soil, and he will turn from that side; if the earth is damper on one than on the other side, he will turn thither- ward as a better hunting ground. Nevertheless, after each interruption, guided by the sense of gravity, he will be able to recover his downward course, and to burrow to a greater depth.” AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 12—The Expansion of the First Leaf and the Development of the Sixth Adventitious Root November, 1907 Furthermore, the root tip appears to be gifted with a cer- tain power of selection—some of the chemicals dissolved in the fluid which surrounds it being absorbed, and others being rejected. ‘Thus, if we plant a pea and a grain of wheat in the same soil, the root tip of the former will hunt about for and take up whatever calcareous substances the water of the soil contains. But the root tip of the wheat will reject these, and obtain for itself all the silex, or flinty matter, afforded by the soil; and it is the deposition of this silex in the stem which gives to all grasses so much firmness, enabling them to withstand wind pressure, and to raise their flowerheads to the sunlight, high above the surrounding herbage. There is enough silex in a wheat straw to make a bead of glass, when melted with potash with the aid of a blowpipe. The pea, on the other hand, being one of those plants which clamber over and support themselves upon other vegeta- tion, does not re- quire si lexsnon strengthening its stems. We may form a mind picture, then, of the primary root tip of the baby wheat plant work- ing its way among the particles of soil, generally with a downward ten- dency, but turning aside from obstacles in its path, and moving hither and thither in its search for moisture and such chemical sub- stances as it may need. Moreover, the primary root tip 1s not left long. to labor alone. We have already seen (Fig. 7) the forma- 12 tion of two adven- 11—The Growth of the First Leaf: no Expansion titious root sheaths; and from these shortly issue and pass downward into the soil the first pair of adventitious roots, which soon produce root hairs and exhibit all the char- acteristics which we have observed in the case of the primary root. The condition of the grain at this stage is shown at Piges 8: In examining this photograph the reader will observe that the plumule has made comparatively little progress. But, as the three roots continue to work their way into the soil, the tiny plant begins to feel its power—if we may so express it— and the pale yellow plumule grows more rapidly upward in the direction of the free air and light. The plumule is not, in itself, a leaf; it is a sheath which enfolds and protects the delicate first green leaf of the wheat which we shall event- ually see produced. Even now this leaf, complete in every detail, lies packed within the plumule; but the status of the plant is not yet sufficiently assured to warrant its produc- tion. So the plumule moves upward, while the three roots continue to burrow more deeply into the soil. And now we note the commencement of yet another November, 1907 change (Fig. 9). ‘The position of the tiny plant is to be made yet more secure by the production of a second pair of adventitious roots. The sheaths make their appearance, the root tips emerge therefrom and commence their journey downward, carrying with them the same responsibilities and vested with the same powers that we have seen manifested by the three existing roots. Our baby plant now possesses a root system comprising no less than five vigorous units, each endowed with individual powers of selection, but all labor- ing for the benefit of the one organism. It is now—when the second pair of adventitious roots are well advanced (Fig. 10)—that the baby plant gains confi- dence to commence the unfolding of its first leaf (Figs. 10 and 11). The tip of the plumule (which has now risen high into the sunlit air) splits open, and the young leaf, deli- cate and beautiful as a fairy thing, begins to emerge. Hour by hour it reaches upward to the light; hour by hour the faithful root tips burrow, like moles or miners, into the dark, cold soil. Finally, there comes a quaint touch of nature which seems to link the baby plant in some mysterious way with the world of human thought and feeling. The first leaf has almost emerged from the plumule, but it is not yet perfectly expanded (Figs. 11 and 12). Is the infant organ- ism hesitating? Does it mistrust its own powers? Something of the kind would appear to be taking place, for as the leaf commences to expand a sixth root sheath is hastily formed at the base of the plumule, and a sixth adven- titious root passes into the soil to augment the labors of its five older brethren (Fig. 12). Thus, with the perfect expansion of the first green leaf, and the production of the sixth root, the birth of the wheat becomes an accom- plished fact. Did space permit, it would be possible to trace the history of the wheat from its birth to its fruitful maturity. The first tiny leaf is already engaged upon that most marvelous of all labors—the formation of living materials from the in- animate elements of the earth and air. From its initial effort AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 433 the plant will go from strength to strength. Many leaves will be produced, to be crowned in due course by the flower- head which, in its turn, will change to the full corn in the ear—the manifold increase of the solitary grain. The baby root system, too, will undergo extensive elaboration, while the leading root tips will penetrate deeply—perhaps six feet —into the soil in their ardent search after moisture. But a bulky volume would scarcely afford too much space to deal adequately with a subject of such profound interest. In tracing the various stages which mark the progress of the birth of the wheat, the infinite adaptability to circum- stances possessed from the very outset by the developing organism has, perforce, been kept somewhat in the back- ground. It has seemed desirable to picture, as far as pos- sible, a grain of wheat germinating under ideal conditions, in order that the laws governing the process may be clearly understood. But this impression of straightforward growth must now be dispelled from the mind, for it is not, in point of fact, correct. A grain of wheat, thrown upon the bare furrow of the open field, and washed into the soil by the rain, is surrounded by innumerable particles varying in size from sand grains to large stones. Among and around these the root tips and the plumule must find their way, no matter how tortuous that way may be. Moreover, it is exceedingly un- likely that the grain will fall exactly in the position requisite for straightforward growth; so that the root and the plumule must turn to right or left, or even twist round the grain itself, in order to commence their respective upward and downward courses. The marvelous sensitiveness of the root tips makes them appear almost agile in their avoidance of impenetrable obstacles, while the same, in less degree, applies to the plumule. So that the baby wheat plant of a few days old usually contrives to twist itself into a confused tangle below the surface of the soil. A careful examination, how- ever, will show that it has not departed in the smallest degree from the principle of growth which the writer has en- deavored to describe in the foregoing account. What is a Fireproof House? HE term is somewhat relative, and it has been and is so much abused that people have grown a trifle skeptical about it. Even intelligent architects have been known to use a little wire lath on their partitions and then with superlative effrontery call the building ‘fireproof.’ A fireproof house is one built not only of incombustible materials but in such a way that even a conflagration will inflict but the slightest and most easily repaired damage; one in which fire can not travel from point to point via the structural parts, and one in which fire can be confined to some one unit of space or room in which is originates, even though the entire interior may contain much combustible furniture and fittings. Many materials while incombustible in themselves can be very greatly damaged by fire. Thus it is with granite, marble, stone, iron, concrete, glass, etc. “These materials, if used, and they all have their place, should be so arranged or pro- tected that fire can not assail and damage them. The really fireproof house is the one whose external walls are of well- burnt brick and terra cotta; whose roof is of tile, metal, or asbestos shingle; its floors and partitions should be of hollow fireproofing tile; its windows where very near a neighbor or exposed to narrow alleys should be metal sash and wired glass; the stairways should in all cases be inclosed and with self-closing doors at every story, thus absolutely cutting off the several stories; the trimming and decorations, if marbles are beyond the reach of the individual, should be plastic and colored decoration—avoid the wood wainscoting and the ‘cedar ceiling’? as you would the pestilence; then in fur- nishing and decorating your houses go to the Japanese for really sensible suggestions—put in the minimum of frills and gew-gaws and finicky draperies; all those things are just like so much tinder, the scratch of a match and phew! there you have a first-class fire on hand. If you still hanker for the pretty shingled effect on the side of the house, use asbestos shingling, something that is not quite as good kindling as is commonly used. But 1s there anything prettier than a dainty brick and stucco ex- terior, for instance? In some localities it may be economy to use some form of concrete construction instead of tile for floors and partitions. If you do so, let it be with fear and trembling and much prayer. Good concrete work is not combustible; it is damageable by fire; can be made eminently satisfactory for ordinary house-building, but it is most dif_- cult to secure well-done work of that character. The beautiful open stair of our fathers is one of the surest means of conveying fire from one part of the house to another. Avoid it. Inclose your stair in fireproof par- titions. Apart from this fire question, did you ever stop to think that this open stairway, while perhaps rather attrac- tive to the eye, adds just about fifteen per cent. to your cares, work and inconvenience? Altogether it is a menace to life, health, comfort and peace of mind. 434 Drilling Auger Holes for the Sticks of Dynamite AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 Firing the Dynamite from the Electric Battery Dynamite on the Farm By George Nathan HE utilization of dangerous elements and forces for modern utilities is one of the most remarkable and significant of the advances of science. To utilize a simple force in a beneficial way has long been characteristic of human progress; it is by this method that civilization has advanced, new ideas have come into being, new inventions been perfected, and new powers obtained by man over the forces of nature. Had industrial progress been the theme of early philosophers, and had they been prone to look into the future, they would un- questionably have foreseen a time when, ordinary forces once overcome, the inventive genius of mankind would have been applied to the mastery of extraordinary forces, and even gone so far as to predict that the most dangerous forces would have been applied to many useful purposes. Academic discussions as to what might be or might have been under non-exist- ing conditions are not al- ways of utility; but even the most casual observer must have long been aware that the utilization of dan- gerous forces has become characteristic of the present period. Every day new uses are not only being found for ordinary forces and powers, but elements that are admittedly danger- ous even to the skilled and careful worker and_ those thoroughly familiar with them, are put to new uses that have some general or special utility, and which Ramming the Sticks of Dynamite Into Position transform a dreaded power into a force of pronounced utility. There are probably few things that, by their nature and according to popular judgment, seem more unlikely to be of value to the farmer than dynamite; yet as a matter of fact it is one of those unlikely things that, when properly used, may be of the greatest assistance and value. As an agent for the removal of stumps and stones from land that is being cleared of trees and rocks it is to-day the most serviceable and desirable agent available for this work. Tree destruction is one of the unavoidable misfortunes of country development. Crops can not be grown in forests, nor can houses well be built in such an environment. ‘Tree chopping is, therefore, one of the most destructive callings practised in America. That the whole land has suffered from this—shall I so call it?—industry, is now an admitted economic fact; but it is like- wise true that much of it was unavoidable in the past and much of it is unavoid- able now—unavoidable be- cause tree culture and tree utility have only recently come to be understood among us, and because clearings and open spaces are essential to the cultiva- tion of the soil and the erec- tion of dwellings. The destruction of trees by chopping, however, is but part of the task. The ground must be cleared, and cleared completely. This later stage of the work has long been the most arduous and_ irksome, AMERICAN November, 1907 Burning Stumps and Rubbish at the End of the Clearing calling for the expenditure of immense quantities of labor, and much expense in tools and animals used in completing the work of clearing. It is just here that dynamite comes in, performing a service of great value to those who use it, doing the work it has to do with excellence and dispatch, and permitting the instant cultivation of the ground or its utilization in other ways without loss of time or energy. In undertaking to clear a piece of ground of tree stumps it is obvious, if the land is to be speedily utilized, that the work must be done as quickly and as economically as pos- sible. And the question of economy is not alone that of the money cost of the tools and materials used, but includes also the economy of time—the most costly thing in the world—an ignoring of which often means many heavy losses and much fruitless labor. It will, for example, take two men with a team of horses from a half to two days to remove a single tree stump, according to its size and the depth to which it has grown. Even with ex- pert workers the task is la- borious and expensive, and when multiplied by a hun- dred and several hundreds —as will be the case in a forest-grown country — the very cheapest land may be- come unpleasantly costly. The greatest saving ef- fected by dynamite is in time and labor. It is a sav- ing so large that the cost of the raw materials and the simple implements required bear hardly any proportion to the cost of the work by HOMES AND GARDENS 435 old-fashioned methods. As a matter of fact the tools and implements needed are the simplest: a long auger, a firing battery, starters, and a coil of fine copper wire. Nothing more, save the dynamite itself, 1s needed for the work. Yet there is one other thing re- quired, and that is care. Dy- namite, according to the popular mind, is an exceed- ingly dangerous compound. Carelessly used it is, of course, dangerous in the most positive sense. But the most dangerous article is quite safe if handled as it should be, and dynamite only needs to be handled in this way to be without any ordinary possibility of harm. One must avoid subjecting it to shocks, and it must be kept at an even temperature, neither too cold nor too hot. Imagine, then, if you please, a modest unpretentious country house standing in a somewhat open ground, whose distinguishing feature is the numerous tree stumps that rise above the soil in every direc- tion. The outlook, even on pleasant days, is gloomy enough and most discouraging to anyone who supposes that each individual stump must be cut out with the spade and dragged away with a team of horses. Asa matter of fact this method proved not only so expensive but so slow that a more effec- tive means was sought and dynamite was pressed into service. The very simple tools have already been named. The chief one was the long auger, which was used for boring holes in the base of the stump for the reception of the dyna- A Final Explosion Left Everything Ready for the Burning of the Debris 436 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS mite. ‘The number of holes varied according to the size of the stump, the large ones naturally requiring more explosive than the small ones. The auger must, of course, bore a hole that will readily admit the stick of dynamite, and the hole should be deep enough to reach the base of the stump. The dynamite is then in- serted in the cavity and pressed or forced in— gently if you please !—with a stick having a diameter about that of the stick of dynamite. ‘The starter, by which the spark from the battery is applied to the dynamite, is then inserted November, 1907 or to a pole erected for the purpose, will often be found of value in this work. The great pile is then fired, and the whole matter is ended. The ground is now ready for cultivation and may be put to the uses for which it was cleared. Dy- namite, therefore, instead of being dreaded by the farmer as something he has no concern with, of which he knows nothing and wishes to know nothing, may become a most useful agent in performing a very arduous and expensive kind of farm work. Certainly it must be carefully used, as all dangerous materials The Roots Are Sometimes Torn into Fragments While Others Are Simply Torn Apart and to it is attached one end of the copper wire. Connec- must be employed, but its utility is very great and its employ- tions must, of course, be made with all the pieces of dyna- ment may readily be made a source of positive economy. mite in a single stump, and the wire run away to what may be judged to be a safe dis- tance, where it is attached to the battery and every- thing is ready for the ex- plosion. A heavy pressure on the lever of the battery box, and the trick is done. A novice will doubtless seek safety at a considerable dis- tance, but after several stumps have been exploded it will be comparatively easy to gauge the point of safety. The effect of the explo- sion varies according to the nature of the stump and the amount of dynamite employed. Some are blown to fragments, while others will be torn apart and will fall to the ground quite near their spot of growth. But in any event the work has been done, been well done, been cheaply done, and done in the most effec- tive manner. The final steps of the clearing process are simple enough, and involve neither And why not? Land must be cleared, and cleared quickly; A Pulley Attached to a Tree Is a Convenient Device for Gathering the Stumps and Rubbish for Final Disposal danger nor expense. The exploded stumps must be gathered it must be cleared economically and thoroughly. Dynamite, together in one place, as well as such underbrush as remains properly used, is the most effective means of accomplishing to be cleared up. A pulley attached to a tree left standing, these ends. November, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 437 The Interior Woodwork for the House By George Ethelbert Walsh opt ay <7), HE remarkable advance in the price of lum- SING It 17; ZS So Ox ARP aa YH PA ber—about fifty per cent. in ten years—has had a most important effect upon house- building, and the home of the average fam- ily is undergoing radical changes that are almost revolutionary. Good lumber for house construction is becoming more difh- cult to find, and very costly at that, but bricks, concrete, terra cotta and stucco are not only cheaper than formerly, but much better in quality. Their substitution in the walls and frame- work of our houses for wood is developing a new line of architecture, and assuring for the owners more substantial and durable homes. Architects do not hesitate to say that within a few years wood will be too expensive a material for house construction, except in favorable sections of the coun- try, and the number of homes built of this material must steadily decrease annually. But whatever material may ultimately be chosen for build- ing the walls, roofs, and sides of the houses of the future, wood must continue to dominate the finish of the interior. There is no apparent substitution for this work. ‘Tile floors and walls may be adopted for bathrooms and kitchens for sanitary reasons, and marble, concrete, and composition of in- combustible materials may even be used for floors; but the interior trim—the doors, windows, mantelpieces, base-boards, closets, wainscot, and stairways—must be of wood for many years to come. ‘The increasing price of lumber has had an equally marked effect upon the interior finish of our homes in wood as on the construction of the exteriors. ‘This is ap- parent both in the greater cost and the inferior woods employed. The beauty of our magnificent old Colonia] houses is due as much to the careful selection of the wood used and to the details of the workmanship as to the excellence of their style. The white oak sills of many of these houses are as sound to-day as when first laid, and the solid beams of hackmatack oak have not rotted or weakened during the century or two they have been doing service. A Colonial housebuilder would often select his trees in the woods for the important part of his structure, and the very choicest lumber thus found its way into the homes. The same is true of the interior finish and the cabinet work and furniture that went in the houses. The average modern lumber is decreasing in quality as well as increasing in price. This is due to the fact that the choicest trees have been cut down, and in many cases second- growth lumber is substituted. Good clear pine of best quality, free from knots and fractures, is very expensive and difficult to get in some sections, and whitewood, which for the past ten years has been used so largely in place of pine for in- terior finish, is growing more imperfect in color and quality every year. Even oak comes in a much lower grade than it did a few years ago. Thus three of our standard woods for household purposes do not yield the same effects that they did five years ago, and a house “finished off with oak” may prove somewhat deceptive. It may not take the bright polish and grain effects which most of us are accustomed to associate with oak, and the cost will be greater. The use of cypress for interior finish has grown greatly in recent years for the reason that it is no dearer than white- wood, and does not shrink so much in use, while it is easily treated by stain or natural finish. In selected cypress the grain effect is almost as striking as inferior oak, and the cost much less. ‘The cypress should be stained, varnished, and rubbed down to give the best results, and then all effects of cheapness are removed. But the drain upon our cypress forests is already tremendous, and it is not unlikely that the cost of this will advance rapidly in a few years. For floors, selected yellow pine in narrow widths is probably as good as any wood, except for very expensive hardwood floors laid in patterns. ‘The yellow pine floor chosen without a knowledge of the difference in quality of this lumber will not give satisfaction. Each lot of lumber should be carefully selected, and when put down in work- manlike manner will outlast an inferior floor many years and always give satisfaction. Unless the wood is chosen accord- ing to quality wide spaces will appear between the strips, and no amount of polishing and finishing can ever make it look first class. Whitewood, cypress, and similar soft woods make poor floors, and should never be used except where carpets are to be spread over them. A painted floor of cypress or whitewood gives poor satisfaction, for the wood is too soft to withstand the wear and tear, and paint, after all, is to protect from weather rather than from friction. Oak, plain or quartered, ash, and birch are woods that should never be painted. Their grain is too beautiful to be concealed from view underneath a coat of paint. Birch for interior finish is one of the woods that has not been properly appreciated by all housebuilders, and from an architectural point of view it is a wood that has great possibilities, but few of which have been realized. It is not so expensive as oak, ash, and walnut, and its use outside of the cabinet trade has always been more or less limited. There are three kinds of birch which can be used successfully for interior finish—plain white birch, curly birch, and plain red birch. For interior decorative effects the red birch has almost as great a value as some grades of mahogany. It is rich of tone and figure, and at the same time so firm of texture that it requires no filler to make it produce a lustrous polish. It is a wood that is easily worked by carpenter’s tools, and when properly dried it does not warp or crack. A good deal of the birch cut, however, shows cracks in the tree, and there- fore selection is essential to success. Birch lumber is very plentiful in New England and the Eastern States, and also in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Consequently birch is cheaper than plain oak or ash, and about as costly as maple. Curly birch, on the other hand, is scarce and its price high. Curly birch has a rich chocolate brown finish, and is often as effective as mahogany, but white birch has a light finish, and plain red birch a darker shade. The white and red used in combination produces a quiet and dignified finish that is very attractive in a home where mahogany would be out of place. The decorative effect of these two shades of the wood is as striking as the cheerfulness of the tone. In durability birch will hold itself with any wood, often outlasting oak and mahogany, and always retaining its colors. In birch panel- ing, wainscoting, and doors the effect is always rich and soft. When the cost of birch is considered, along with its other qualities, it will be acknowledged to possess a degree of use- fulness not well appreciated to-day. Spruce and hemlock for interior finish are woods that for years have been neglected, but owing to the increasing cost of hard pine and oak they are being employed more and more for this purpose. Spruce is susceptible of a very high and beautiful finish, either in natural color or stains. Wash- ington spruce in particular has been found in recent years to yield desirable results when properly handled. Piano and 438 organ manufacturers have become large users of the spruce cut from the forests of the State of Washington. It is probably as free from checks, sap, knots, and flaws as any wood found, and if properly dried it does not swell or shrink to any great extent. Neither hemlock or spruce have ever stood high in the opinion of architects for interior finish owing to their lack of grain and individual expressiveness. In this respect the two woods stand with white pine. But in our modern developments of stains and paints it is possible to secure results in interior finish that are independent of the grain of the wood. The chief thing is to secure a wood that is durable, free from defects, and which will not crack and warp. ‘Then if stains can produce good effects the result is highly satisfactory. This is largely the case with spruce and hemlock. They are woods that require stains to bring out their best qualities. It holds true of nearly all of our soft woods, and as we must adopt these woods more and more in interior finish a word about the modern methods of treating them with stains is important. Stains of all shades and colors are obtainable to-day, and they are made to imitate different woods so well that they deceive all except an expert. Furniture and cabinet makers are the best workers in stains and varnishes, and they produce effects which have been considered almost impossible in house- hold trim. ‘The reason for this is that an article of furniture is treated to what is called “the fuming process” in a room by itself. The wood is exposed to the fumes of ammonia, acids, nitrate of silver and other chemicals. In this way effects in staining are obtained that seem well nigh impossible in the trim of a house. A greater variety of beautiful shades can be obtained with stains in the hands of a piano maker than nature can imitate in the natural woods. Even plain water stains made from various chemicals can be used in this process with good effect, and the acid fumes tend to fix them in durable colors. As a rule the old-fashioned oil stains are used on oak or ash if only the light effects are desired, but for golden and dark oak asphaltum is often used. But, of course, to produce fine golden oak effects an expert in colors must be employed. Permanganate of potash is used to get the reddish brown effects, a solution of sulphate of iron to produce good bluish gray, and white flakes of asphaltum for light streaks. To imitate golden oak effects on the trim of a house would there- fore be effective but somewhat costly, and dependent for its success chiefly upon the skill and ability of the workmen. Architects who have had certain library rooms finished in golden oak have often been disappointed in the results, and have later changed the wood to dark or Flemish oak. Ma- hogany and cherry effects are sometimes obtained on light woods by washing with lime water, and then removing with vinegar or a weak solution of acetic acid. This ages the wood very rapidly and produces rich cherry and mahogany effects in soft woods, which later, when varnished and rubbed down, are quite striking. Effects in stains can be obtained on light woods often with the most simple materials. It is the art of applying them that determines their value. For instance a much different effect is produced on brightly cleaned fresh wood than upon a sur- face that has been allowed to stand a while. The application of water to the surface before the stain is applied darkens it materially, so that desirable effects are obtained. If you wish the effect to be darker in places than in others this can be produced by painting the surface with clean water several AMERICAN HOMES AN DY GARDE NS November, 1907 times, permitting it to dry in, and then applying the stain while still moist. In the application of all the stains on light wood the first essential is to clean the wood properly, and either apply the stain to a clean dry surface or a clean moist surface. Then before it has dried the stain should be wiped off with a woolen rag. By wiping off the first coat clear effects are obtained which furnish a foundation for the succeeding coats. Cloudy, dull effects are produced by too much stain applied at first and allowed to dry in too much before being wiped off. A good many of the best stainers sandpaper after wiping the first coat, allowing the surface to get perfectly dry before applying the sandpaper. ‘The chief thing is to produce a light, smooth body effect, and then a surface glaze of the right colors can be laid over. Combinations of water colors and oil colors are used by cabinet makers to secure their best effects, and then when protected by a glaze of shellac no change can follow. Variety in interior trim is often desirable, and one finds in modern houses halls and vestibules of cypress finish, doors of poplar, and sash of windows and stairs of cherry, with treads of oak. ‘To secure these effects in stains on light wood is not dificult, and if one uses judgment the result is almost as good as if the genuine woods were employed for the different purposes. ‘The chief difficulty is in getting a painter who understands his work sufficiently to produce excellent imita- tions. (Good men in this line are scarce, and some of them demand fancy prices, so that the economy in the cheaper wood employed is offset by the cost of treatment. A house owner who can mix his own paints or utilize the brush in applying stains can often do better than a cheap workman with no genuine sense of artistic effects. The increasing cost of hardwoods for interior finish must in time bring about a betver class of stainers and painters who can work up light woods into good imitations so that they will pass inspection. It is quite evident that imitations can be made almost perfect from the examples of this work pro- duced in the piano and cabinet trades, but it requires experts who know the value of each touch and streak. Cheap stained woodwork is no better than a painted surface. Indeed, it is not so good, for its imitation stands out so conspicuously that all notice it. A painted surface makes no claim to imita- tion, and stands for just what it is. Staining is the work of an artist in colors and effects, and it has therefore a wide lati- tude for improvement. Georgia pine is the easiest to treat with stains, for no at- tempt is made to imitate other woods with it. The idea is simply to bring out and intensify certain grain effects in the wood. A little oil, dryer, and light brown or yellow colors, thinned with benzine, are all that are required, and if applied to a dry surface, wiped off after standing a sufficient length of time, and then finished with another light coat and shellaced, the result is always pleasing, durable, and attrac- tive. The great thing to do is to get the desired color with- out destroying the beauty of the wood. Good Georgia pine is a beautiful wood, and needs no apology or attempt to imitate other woods, but proper treatment of it makes a won- derful difference. The same wood in the hands of a poor workman looks like an inferior imitation and never gives satisfaction. A good deal of good pine is thus spoiled to-day in the finishing, and probably not a little of the condemnation of inferior grades of this lumber is due after all to bad work- manship in finishing off the surface of the wood when put in the house. November, 1907 SVR CAN HOMES: AND GARDENS 439 The Residence of Professor L. W. Reid HE picturesque and interesting residence: /of Professor Reid forms the sub- fect’ of this Skee toim alihe farmhouse, of the Pennsylvania type, is the example which was accepted by Messrs. Bailey and Bassett, of Philadelphia, when they designed Professor Reid’s house. It is constructed of rock- faced graystone, laid up with broad white mortar joints. The entrance porch is placed at the front of the house, and is sep- arate from the living - porch, which is placed at one end of the house. The roof is of wood, with the exterior covered with shingles which are finished in their natu- ral state. The trimming and the solid wooden blinds which are placed at the first floor win- dows are painted ivory white, while the remainder of the blinds are dark bottle green. The entrance door opens direct into the hall, which is fin- ished in the Colonial style with white painted paneled wain- scotings and trim and a stairway with a mahogany balus- trade. A commodious closet is conveniently placed under the stairway. The walls above the wainscoting are treated Haverford, Pennsylvania The Design Is Based on the Farmhouse of the Pennsylvania Style The Main Doorway and Entrance Porch with an old-rose wall decoration very admirably worked out. The reception-room, to the left of the entrance, is treated with a low Colonial wainscoting, painted white, and above which the walls are covered with a two-tone green striped paper finishing with a heavy molded cornice. The living-room is trimmed with Flemish oak, and has book- cases built in and an_ open fireplace with tiled facings and hearth, and a mantel of good de- sign. The walls are treated with a mustard-brown color, har- monizing well with the soft brown tone of the trim of the room. The dining-room, which is connected to the living-room and also to the hall, is treated with a golden-brown oak effect and with a tapestry wall covering. There is a low wainscoting and an open fireplace, with brick fac- ings and hearth, and a mantel complete. A door opens into a butler’s pantry, which is pro- vided with sink, drawers, dressers and cupboards complete. Another door opens into the kitchen, which is placed in an ex- tension, with windows placed on two opposite sides of the room, thereby insuring a cross ventila- tion. It is fitted up with an ice- box, with an outside entrance aN AS 2) AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 The House Stands Endwise to the Road thereto, which precludes the ice-man from entering the house. It is also fitted with a sink, store pantry, dresser and a range. The laundry, which is off the kitchen, and is also used for a servants’ hall, is fitted with porcelain wash tubs. It has a broom closet and a door opening onto the rear porch. The second floor is trimmed with white pine treated with ; LYING L0orve DINING Loork S| U2 oO! Dee ®) @| [1257 JlooR ivory white paint, while the walls of each room are treated with one distinctive color scheme. This floor is divided into bedrooms, furnished with all the necessary appurten- ances. [he owner’s suite, consisting of two bedrooms, dressing-room and bathroom, are conveniently arranged; be- sides these rooms, there are one other bedroom, with private bath, and two servants’ bedrooms and bathrooms, which are reached from the kitchen by a private stairway. The principle bathrooms have tiled wainscotings and floors, and are furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. There is a large den fitted with book-shelves built in and an open fireplace on the third floor. The treatment of the room is with red wall covering and black painted trim. © DED ROO*L “lh BeEDeo0oN yas) 6x7 VEXIS-G O ol A Wal rg 7 Proeoor CLOS CLOS : 4 ened rie Lie DeoRoo el & 6x19 Dtoroork rT] bof. Ux 1 Dressing — loom alk. ; Roort Batre ay Cown Gea 4 SECOND (Look There is also two guest rooms and a trunk room on this floor. The heating apparatus, fuel rooms and storage room are placed in the cellar, which has a cemented bottom. Professor Reid’s house presents a successful treatment of a site which was treeless and in the open; the house is placed on a knoll ascending from the boulevard, which the end of the house faces, the house being placed endwise to the road, the main entrance seemingly being on the side. November, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS A larg et @& Arrow Old Shy le | in Roof that survived ha San Francisco Fire THE VOLKMAN BUILDING, shown here, owes its existence today to the protection afforded by its ““Target-and-Arrow Old Style’ tin roof. At the time of the San Francisco conflagration this build- ing was directly in the path of the flames. The fire raged for hours on three sides of it, covering the roof with sparks and flaming cinders, but the ““Target-and-Arrow’ roof held its own and required but a new coat of paint to make it as good as ever. The thing desired is a roof that absolutely protects—from fire as well as from the elements and for the longest time. For such protec- tion there is no roof like one of ‘“Target-and-Arrow Old Style” tn. We send, upon request, two books which should | be read by everyone interested in roofs. They are we : : 9 “PHILADELPHIA ‘““A Guide to Good Roofs” and the “Tin Roofer’s epaenee ere are 250 imitations o Handbook.” sos oe N. & G. 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A.H.G., 3 WEST 29th STREET NEW YORK Each series con- There are enough Il West Thirty-Second Street November, Kinnear Pressed Radiators Selected for THE SINGER BUILDING, NEW YORK Ernest Flagg, Architect THE TALLEST BUILDING IN THE WORLD These Radiators were chosen only after the most rigid examination and exhaustive test of all the radiators in the market, the tests thoroughly demonstrating that Kinnear Pressed Radiators exceeded every possible requirement for efficiency and durability. In the Tower alone the use of these Radiators effects a saving af 100 tons in weight. ‘Phe economy of enormously valuable space was another consideration, no radiation on earth requiring so little space as Kinnear Pressed Radiators. What applies to the Singer Building applies to any other structure, regardless of size. The small office building, store or residence that installs these Radiators (weighing less than one-third as much as cast-iron) reduces cost of construction and gains materially in space required. And remember that when desired, Kinnear Pressed Radiators may be placed On the Wall— Off the Floor Out of the Way If you are building you owe it to yourself to investigate this modern radiation before deciding what you will install. Write for Catalog ‘‘D” for any desired in- formation. THE PRESSED RADIATOR CO. PITTSBURGH, PA. mttaer ten mate tee eeeBcaaassicesse ioe TREES Specialties for Fall Planting Prepare your orders now. We offer for Fall 1907 an unusually large and well grown stock of— Fruit Trees for Orchard and Garden. Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, etc., con- sisting of rare and beautiful species and © varieties for the embellishment of publicand private grounds; Shade trees, Street trees and Flowering Shrubs, including Lemoine’s marvelous New Double Lilacs, Deutzias, etc. The Rose is a specialty with us, and our assortments embrace all the old favorites as well as the newest kinds. Peonies, Phloxes and Iris. Of these showy, beautiful, hardy, easily grown plants, we offer the choicest kinds, also Hardy Plants, including the most orna- mental, flowering from early Spring till late Autumn. Our beautifully illustrated Descriptive Catalogue—a manual indispensable to Plant- ers, mailed free on request. ELLWANGER & BARRY, Nurserymen-Horticulturists, Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y. BOT November, 1907 HALL CLOCKS That are beautiful in design, finest in con- struction, richest in tone of chimes and superior time- keepers are some of the reasons that have made our business grow so rapidly. Waltham Clocks have a standard of value, whether it is a Hall Clock, “Banjo,” Marble Clock, or Regulator. Nothing Better at, Any Price If your local jeweler does not sell our line send direct for our new illustrated catalogue Galtham Clock Company WALTHAM, ‘MASS. Inexpensive Country~ Homes cA Practical Book for - Architects, Builders, and Those Intending to Build A HANDSOME CLOTH-BOUND PORTFOLIO, consisting of 88 pages, about 11x14, printed on heavy plate paper, and containing 43 designs, with floor plans of practical, tasteful and comfortable country homes, ranging in cost from $1,000 to $5,000 com- plete. The designs have been carefully selected, as embodying the best efforts of various architects throughout the country. Every one of the houses has already been built, and all of the illustrations are half-tone engravings, made direct from photographs of the completed structures, taken specially by the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN artists. In many cases two perspective views of the same house are shown. Several illustrations of inexpensive stables are also included among the designs. @ The location of the dwellings, the cost, owners’ and architects’ names and addresses are given, together with a description of the dwelling, thus enabling, if desired, a personal inspection of the dwelling or direct correspondence with the architect or the owner, ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, AND THOSE INTENDING TO BUILD will find many new and valuable suggestions among the up-to-date designs illustrated in this handsome portfolio. FOR SALE AT ALL BOOK STORES AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS iil This Beautiful Residence was built of Concrete Blocks made on The Hercules Machine If you are going to build any kind of a structure, from an ordinary stable to a handsome residence, you ought to sit down right now and send for our catalog. It will tell you a great many things about concrete con- struction that are worth knowing. It will tell you about the Hercules Concrete Block Machine —and show you many illustrations of residences, apartment houses, churches, business blocks and manufactur- ing plants built of blocks made on the wonderful Hercules. Concrete is cheaper than wood or brick; it will last longer, and when the blocks are made on the Hercules great architectural beauty can be attained. Send for catalog to-day, it’s free to you. Century Cement Machine Co. 180 W. Main St., ROCHESTER, N. Y. WH 7 : We Give Particular Attention To Special & Designs | and are fully equipped to execute the most in- tricate and delicate work ever attempted in sheet metal. Mullins Art Architectural Sheet Metal Work is far in advance in architectural design and artistic execution and has won an enviable reputation for excellence. Estimates, Designs, etc., submitted to architects, builders and contract- ors on request. | The W. H. Mullins Co. 202 Franklin Street, Salem, Ohio. rf Lf uf (Everything tn sheet metal.) “ (J linn eee a HMbanaaan AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration is The Architectural Record If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a Sample Copy— Free. THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY 11 to 15 East 24th Street, NEW YORK 511 Monadnock Building, CHICAGO THE NEW AGRICULTURE By T. BYARD COLLINS 8vo. Cloth. 376 Pages 100 Illustrations Price, $2.00, Postpaid HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which have taken place in American agricultural methods which are transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. In brief, the Contents are as follows CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the great West, and also hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not hitherto been found necessary. CHAPTER III. _ Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inocu- lating the soil by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria, CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awakening to the importance of canals and good roads, and their relation to economy and social well-being. CHAPTER V._ Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. CHAPTER VI. Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. CHAPTER VII. _ Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modifications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it, CHAPTER X, Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. MUNN @& CO.., Publishers om 361 Broadway, NEW YORK November, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Vv GORTON 12 BOILERS 25 - For Steam and Hot Water Heating oat Insure a Warm Building Day and Night in Coldest Weather ot Send for Catalog ee ee egy GORTON © LIDGERWOOD CO. 96 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK Old Colony Bldg., Chicago 77 Oliver St., Boston DISCRIMINATING PEOPLE WILL FIND IN RUBEROID RED ROOFING |< A LASTING, WEATHERPROOF, FIRE-RESISTING COVERING, $] few minutes COMBINED WITH A LASTING BEAUTY. IT IS neha e ence eetcrenln( screen The O yy ly P ormanent R 00 fi ng steel ceilings and side walls. ° Call in your stenographer and simpl VU} ith a Permanent Color say “Eller eee Ce: The well-known qualities of Ruberoid Roofing serve as a protection from the heat of the Canton, Ohio. Send for catalogue. summer and the cold of the winter, while its deep red hue lends a touch of color to the You will be more than repaid. We surroundings. Suitable for all buildings. Color guaranteed for five years. Contains no tar take such an interest——are glad to serve or paper. Will not melt, rot or corrode. Insist upon having the genuine. Look for the ale Petal name “ RUBEROID” stamped on the back. Write for samples and prices. you, and for years everybody Knows “Eller” has stood for the highest in THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY quality. Sole Manufacturers General Offices: 100 WILLIAM STREET, NEW YORK VE EARS MFG. CO. Branches: Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas2City, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Boston Cc ANT ON OHI O ’ | A Never-Failing Water Supply with absolute safety, at small cost, may be had by using the Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine and Improved Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine Built by us for more than 30 years, and sold in every country in the world. Ex- clusively intended for pumping water. May be run by any ignorant boy or wo- man. So well built that their durability is yet to be determined, engines which were sold 30 years ago being still in active service. @Send for Catalogue ‘‘E’’ to nearest office. Our remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant Smokeless Gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one- fourth as much as acetylene. Most Durable and Least Expensive Apparatus to Maintain in effective perpetual operation. Gives services of lighting, cooking and heating. Fullest satis- faction guaranteed, and easy terms. The very apparatus for suburban homes, institutions, etc. We construct special apparatus also for fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equivalent to city gas at socents per 1ooo cubic feet, and made to respond to very large demands; also for light- ing towns, etc, C. M. Kemp Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md. Rider-Ericsson Engine Co. 35 Warren St., New York 40 Dearborn St., Chicago 40 N. 7th St., Philadelphia 239 Franklin St., Boston 234 Craig St. West, Montreal, P. Q. 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W. Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 Kimball Pipe Organs For Residences as well as churches. With the self-playing attachment they become instruments for the amateur as well as the professional organist, The Kimball Soloist is a new feature for residence pipe organs and wen is the world’s most remarkable achievement in self-playing devices. This “Soloist” or solo-device may be built in any organ. For further particulars write Pipe Organ Dept. W. W. Kimball Co. New York Office: Chicago Office: 150 Fifth Ave. 253 Wabash Ave. PACIT Aa Across the Pacific @ Summer skies, peaceful seas and a one day’s stop at beautiful Hawaii make a fitting prelude to the wonder of the Orient. No other voyage of equal distance i pleasure a@// the way. From SAN FRANCISCO, to HAWAITI, JAPAN, CHINA and the PHILIPPINE: Rates and Information at any railroad ticket agent or from CHICAGO PACIFIC MAIL S. S. CO., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 120 Jackson Boulevard R. P. SCHWERIN, Vice-Pres. and Gen'l Man. NEW YORK BALTIMORE PHILADELPHIA 1 Broadway -349 Broadway Baltimore and Hanover 632 Chestnut Street WASHINGTON BOSTON HAMBURG (Germany ) 511 Pennsylvania Avenue 170 Washington Street Amerika Haus, Ferdinandstrasse ST. LOUIS SYRACUSE LONDON 903 Olive Street 212 W. Washington St. 49 Leadenhall Street FOR THE HOME FOR THE CHURCH FOR THE STORE IN ALL CLASSIC AND CMODERN STYLES ee beauty of the Berger designs and the perfect-ftting Berger joints : make these the ceilings par excellence for rooms in which appearance 1s an important consideration. Compare the price with the cost of plaster! WRITE FOR CATALOGUE poston JHE BERGER MFG. CO., CANTON, 0. sfvceis MAKERS OF SHEET-STEEL AND IRON, ARCHITECTURAL SHEET-METAL WORK, STEEL WINDOW- .FRAMES AND SASH, FIREPROOFING, METAL OFFICE FURNITURE, CONCRETE REINFORCING, @C. =] Ss) 9?) 2 The Largest acne or Dog Monthly 2£421NS MATTER in America Articles of in- terest for all by the best writers and critics, including F. Freeman Lloyd, James Watson, Alf. Delmont, Robt. A. Newlyn, etc., etc. Single Copies, 10 Cents Subscription, $1.00 a Year QA full critical report of all shows, with photos of the winners, etc. To see the magazine isto subscribe. Sample copies free. DOGLOVERS PUBLISHING CO., Lansdowne, Pa, ‘Never Slip”’ QUILT HOLDERS fit any iron bed or crib, prevent tangled guilts and ‘‘cold feet.’? Sample set (two) sent _by mail, 50 cents. E GENERAL MFG. CO. Montgomery Building Milwaukee, Wis. jouse°Garden Book Country Homes and Gardens of Moderate Cost SEND NO MONEY Sign and Mail Cou- pon at lowercorner. Whether you are going to buy, build or improve a house —or are interested in beautiful homes— you want this book. THE BOOK. Bound in cloth, 9x12 inches, tinted onfinestcoatead | Country Homes &F Gardens paper, weighsover2 lbs. of Moderate Cost Is not a collection of stock plans, but recent designs by the best architects and actual photographs of the houses after they were built and furnished It con- tains illustrated chapters by authoritive writers on the whole subject of home building; choosing a Site and Style of Design, Building Materials, Fireprcofing, Finish and Furnishing, Wall Decoration, Planting and Gardens. 200 Plans and Illustrations of houses costing $850-$6000, designed by the foremost architects, with practical notes descriptive of each picture. An inexhaustible source of ideas. This valuable book was made exclusively for subscribers to **House and Garden” and can be obtained only by accepting this offer. SPECIAL OFFER WE SEND THIS BOOK AT NO ‘COST TLOMYOD: together with current copy of ‘House and Garden” for examination. If you donot want them, return the book within 5 days at our ex- pense. If you like ‘‘ House and Garden’’ simply send us $3.00 for a full year’s subscription, and we will present you “Country Homes of Moderate Cost,” ABSOLUTELY FREE THE MAGAZINE 25c., a month, $3.00 a year. Sixe, 914x12% inches. 72 pages. eZ is conceded to be the \ &Gamen best illustrated and z i best printed maga- zine in America, brimful of practical ideas for the home lover. Beautiful photographic re- productions and interesting articles on at- tractive houses, gardens and artistic inter- ior decorations; the care of horses, dogs, poultry, other domestic animals and pets; in fact every subject of impor- tance to the home, inside and out. “House and Garden” shows how to make one dollar do the work of two and will earn its'subscrip- tion price many times over. 25 CENTS A COPY $3.00 A YEAR John C. Winston Co. Publishers | Philadelphia Pa. November, 1907 LOUIS XV CANE FURNITURE HE present interest in cane furniture has brought about a revival of the ex- tremely attractive designs of the Louis XV and Louis XVI periods. Nothing bet- ter for country houses can be imagined than pieces of this character, for they combine beauty with utility and grace with stability. Nor is their adaptability confined to the coun- try home. Cane furniture came into prominence dur- ing the seventeenth century. Flemish furni- ture makers brought the art to perfection, and it is to craftsmen of the north that the chief glory belongs. English furniture during the late seventeenth century was also embellished with cane. At that time caning was confined to the seats and backs of chairs, many charm- Illustration furnished by the Berkey & Gay Furniture Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan ing examples still existing under the names of “Flemish” and “Jacobean.” French craftsmen being closely in touch with Flanders were familiar with cane treat- ment, but it was not until the next century that it achieved popularity in France. Furni- ture makers under Louis XIV worked on massive lines, giving prominence to a different mode of construction and ornament. It was not until the Louis XV style was well established that the possibilities of cane were recognized nor until the late Louis XV period that the best furniture of this type was produced. At that time occurred a reaction in France in favor of simpler designs. Genuine pieces of old French cane are scarce and now almost priceless, but correct reproductions are within the reach of home- makers of moderate means, and it is to their ears that we would now speak. For bedrooms this type of furniture is par- ticularly adapted, as it was for rooms of this character that the old French designers made their most attractive patterns. Pieces, such as are shown herewith, combine the charm and the durability of the old designs with the highest modern skill. ‘The caning is done by hand and every detail conforms to a high standard of excellence. A cane bed of Louis XV design may be purchased in either Circassian walnut or enamel with a full bedroom set to match. French gray is an attractive tone, combining well with cane and affording scope for a fine decorative treatment. To those who prefer an “all wood” effect the same designs may be found without the cane, in white enamel, gray enamel, and Cir- cassian walnut. There is no style that is copied so generally by furniture manufacturers as the Louis XV, and it requires care and discernment to be certain that the furniture offered as pure and correct is really so in fact. Note: Other Louis X VI pieces and period reproductions are shown in the handsome brochure entitled ** Furniture of Character,” issued by Berkey & Gay Furniture Co., Grand Rapids, Michigan. It is well worth the 15 cents in stamps that this company asks besent them, Dept. M, to partly cover expense. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS it | i i Ae FF UN RN 7 1 2 BB E:T Beauty and Usefulness The real artistic worth of any article is greatly enhanced by its useful- es hoe two attributes ought to go hand in hand, the one reflecting the other. Morgan Doors are perfect examples of real artistic worth. They are beautiful from every Sane eute they are useful to the limit of usefulness—durability and strength. Morgan Doors are made in a large variety of beautiful designs to harmonize with any style of architecture, Empire, Colonial, Mission, Chateau, ete. The name ‘‘MORGAN’’ stamped on each door guarantees absolute satisfaction. Write today for our handsome illustrated book, ‘‘The Door Beautiful,’’ showing some of the details of the honest construction and beauty of design of the Morgan Doors. Morgan Company, Dept.A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin Distributed by :—Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, IIl.;__ Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wisconsin; Morgan Company, Baltimore, Maryland. A NEW DEPARTURE The principle on which the cylinder journal bear- ings of this planer is constructed is a departure from that of the common run of bearings that are, and have been employed ever since a shaft turned ina box. Q It is a pat- ented Sectional Clamp Bearing that doesn’t re- quire scraping, chiseling or rebabbitting. Q Why? (| Write us, and we will gladly tell you why. J.A.FAY & EGAN CO. 209 to 229 West Front Street CINCINNATI, OHIO vill AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 anatile The Modern Wall Tiling It costs five times as much to use regular glazed tile as to use SANATILE—and you gain nothing. Every good qual- ity of tiling is possessed by SANATILE, as well as many which tiling has not. It has an embossed, beautifully enameled surface in plain white or permanent tints and many artistic patterns. Absolutely waterproof and can- not tear, crack or chip from accident. SANATILE is a tough, elastic fabric, made in strips, on a heavy fibre backing. It can be applied by any good workman following instructions furnished with the material. Representatives wanted in the wall paper and tiling trades to whom we can refer orders and inquiries received by us from their locality The beautiful, richly embossed, LEATHEROL washable wall covering made for use in the highest class of decorative work. Can be furnished in colors to harmonize with any scheme of interior treatment. New line now on exhibition. The washable wall covering used in place SANITA of wall paper. Many new patterns and Dull and glazed surfaces. colors. Illustrated descriptive literature and prices, will be furnished on THE LEATHEROLE CO. request 24 E. 22d St., Near Broadway New York City ' Pen eel fgg WM i Be “Gloucester Fish for You” The kind you like—salt fish that come to your table, fat, delicious, and appe- tizing — different from your dealer’s months old stock— packed expressly for your individual order, and reaching you a day or two after packed. SALT MACKEREL Salt Cod, Smoked Halibut and Herring—all the bule should always be tiled. Tiling S ndi . BY 5 = Earasonanont nares cen pio Mepieray ial 2 1s also appropriate in the hall and we guarantee quality; we make good all loss in l dining-room and on the porch floor. transit; we refund money if goods are not satis- 5 : ° factory. You will never know the real good- or interesting and instructive book- TILING The tiled floor and wall 1s beautiful, sanitary, economical and lasts forever. tis water-proof, germ-proof, vermin- proof and re-proof. It does not need to be painted, polished, oiled or repaired. It cannot be stained or scratched. All dirt spattered upon it can be removed as easily as froma dinner plate. It is a great saving of domestic labor. The bath-room, kitchen and vesti- ness of sea food until you try an ord if " y ale ‘ extra choice Gloucester fish. Gene for ou ew. s y lets oF tiling, Wee free price list with full directions for ordering. ) if CROWN PACKINC CO., Dock Ne. 13 Gioucester, Mass. Le The Information Bureau of the T1LtE InDusTRY 300 Corcoran Building, Washington, D. C. “AS FROM A SPRING” PURE WATER amet soar bl) 2 by of Je THE KNOBLE FILTER Insures Perfect Filtration by Nature’s Method Not a simple stone, but f tubes and disks ofascien- ee tific composition of pottery ko and porcelain, so treated as = to produce the same effect as various strata of the earth, thus insuring perfect filtration. THE KNOBLE FILTER is a ‘“‘water cure” at home. Simple construction, does not require a mechanic to install. Safe, sanitary, indestruct- ible. Made in various sizes and capacities. Let us send you full details and price list. THE KNOBLE FILTER CO. 309 Clybourn Avenue CHICAGO Write for illustrated booklet W free. JOSEPH DIXON ORUOIBLE 0O0., Jersey City, N. J. ARCHITECTS’, DRAFTSMEN’S: AND ENGINEERS’ SUPPLIES ah DRAWING TABLES AND fy > hea FILING CABINETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION Blue and Brown Print Papers Second-hand Instruments bought and sold. Illustrated Catalogue, vol. 263, sent on application F. WEBER & CO. PHILADELPHIA, PA. St Louis, Mo Baltimore, Md. OWN A FACTORY and make $10.00 a day making Concrete Building Blocks. Experience unnecessary. Big demand gpg for blocks everywhere and Bn immense profits. Pettyjohn Machine & i BBB.2e3" eum UD. Guaranteed and sent on trial. Sand, water and cement only materials required. If you intend to build it will pay you to buy a Pettyjohn Machine and make your own blocks. Beautiful booklet on this great industry—FREE. THE PETTYJOHN CO., 637 N. Sixth St. » Terre Haute, Ind. | ~~ BRISTOL’S cA Recording Thermometer is Seen Located within house, records on a weekly chart outside temperature J Also, Bristol’s Recording Pressure Gauges, Volt, Ampere and Watt Meters. Over 100 different varieties, and guaranteed. Send for Catalog B. THE _ BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn. Chicago, 753 Monadnock Building New York, 114 Liberty St November, 1907 PVG el CuAON: SOEs ANID “GARDENS 1X Country Homes anp Garpens or Mop- ERATE Cost. Edited by Charles Francis Osborne. Philadelphia: The John C. Winston Company. 1907. Pp. 120. Not all the houses illustrated in this book, and there are two hundred pictures within the handsome green covers, can be designated as “moderate” in cost; but some of them come well under this head, and the seeker after moderate cost houses will find much of interest and value in its pages. “The houses reproduced are, on the whole, of an unusually interesting character, many of them being representative examples of the best work of some of our most thoughtful and skilful architects. The text is especially valuable, some of the more im- portant contents being an admirable discussion on choosing a site for the house, by the editor. President Frank Miles Day, of the American Institute of Architects, offers some helpful ad- vice on choosing a style for the house. William T. Price makes a plea for choosing simple materials for the house. Fireproofing is dis- cussed by Emile G. Perrot; the interior finish and furnishing is described by Margaret Greenleaf; W. C. Egan tells about planting about the house; John W. Hall writes on small gardens; W. P. R. Pember tells the reader what six thousand dollars will do; and Leila Mechlin presents some hints on wall decoration. In addition to these chapters there is a sufficiently descriptive text on the houses illustrated, but it is obviously a book to be read—and with profit—as well as to be en- joyed for its pictures. Country CoTTracES AND WEEK-END Homes. By J. H. Elder-Duncan. New York: John Lane Company. 1907. Pp. 224. Price, $3.50, net. This is an admirable book on one of the most important and pressing of contemporary architectural problems. How to build an at- tractive seeming house, that is, well built and good in itself, as well as good to look at, is a problem that has failed of general solution in America. In England conditions appear to be distinctly different, and this handsome and ex- cellent book is fine evidence of the very su- perior work in this phase of housebuilding that is being done to-day in that country. As in all recent publications on dwellings, the houses illustrated vary considerably in cost, but the book treats, in a progressive manner, of houses costing from $1000 to comparatively pre- tentious mansions costing as much as $17,500. Unlike most other publications, however, the examples of houses costing from $1000 to $2000 are quite numerous, and those who are seeking models for low cost houses can not do better than consult Mr. Elder-Duncan’s at- tractive pages. And the singular thing is that the low cost houses are exactly as attractive in aspect as the higher cost ones. ‘This is an astonish- ing reversal of the ordinary American rule, for in this country houses of very low cost rarely merit even a cursory examination. Here, however, is cottage after cottage, each pos- sessed of most distinctive charm, and scarce one of which does not merit the warmest praise as a work of art. To design a small house in an attractive Way requires as much thoughtful effort and artistic instinct as more pretentious work. These English cottages show what can be done when the problem is attacked in the Before putting up this season’s screens, remember that it isn’t the frame that makes the screen — it’s the material within the frame which will spell the difference between comfort and discomfort for you this summer. Spend this summer undisturbed by flies, mosquitoes and other insects, by screening your doors and windows with Pompeiian Bronze Wire Cloth because it affords absolute protection against insects ; it can’t rust; it offers no obstruction to light and air; it is practically invisible ; it is indestructible ; it will never lose its color, either by chipping, wear, fading or other causes; it is immune against the corrosive action of salt air. Pompeuan Bronze Wire Cloth, of which we are the originators and sole manufacturers, is made of an alloy of copper, aluminum, and other non-corrosive materials, and combines the durability of these materials with the toughness and elasticity of steel. Pompeiian Bronze Wire Cloth is woven on our improved power looms, which insures accuracy and uniformity of the meshes in warp and filling. Pompeiian Bronze Wire Cloth is in color a facsimile of the ancient Pompeiian bronzes, and is so delicately shaded as to render the cloth almost invisible. The color is produced by the combination of the materials entering into the wire and zot by paint or lacquer. Pompetian Bronze Wire Cloth is for sale by all leading hardware dealers. Packets containing samples of Pompeiian Bronze Wire Cloth can be secured free by writing to Department K. We strongly advise sending for one before installing screens, as it may be the means of making this summer a more comfortable one. CLINTON WIRE CLOTH COMPANY 13 Adams Street, CLINTON, MASS. RZ Complete Outfit \ ¢(\\NAMNUAAALAUAVEUAAUUAOEELOUUEUGOUEUUUEEUOOEEOUOUEUAUOEEUELEN / Price HAND AND FOOT-POWER | $15.00 MACHINERY UR No. 7 SCROLL SAW is warranted to be well made, of good material and workmanship, and to saw pine three inches thick at the rate of one foot a minute SEND FOR CATALOGUE W. F. & Joun Barnes Co. 567 Ruby Street Rockford, Ill. “UAMMVNAAAAAUAAAQOQQ0QQ0QQOOQOQQQUOOOOOUAUEONONOUOOONOVOOOOOOQ0Q0QQOQQOOUUUOGUOUUUUUUUUOUOAUAOOOQOQG000000000000004NS ANUTTELTTTELLUTALTTOTALAUOOTATEAOAAATOOAA TEA UU TMEGEOUUAEOUAE GUNA x AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 right way and by the right people. If the low cost house in America is still an unsolved 66 LANE’ S BALL - BEARIN 99 problem it is chiefly because it has not been attacked by the right designers. “The present book is eloquent and convincing testimony as ee. Fa to what can be done in England, and it should Bee : cr not be as impossible as it seems to be to ac- Best / ae 4 complish similar results in America. Mr. Elder-Duncan’s book is embellished la with numerous plates. ‘The illustrations are House~ ee chiefly from photographs of the actual build- 13 the i co cya ings, although a few architectural drawings Door Tc commun are also included. ‘The pictures are chiefly of ‘ exteriors, although interiors are not neglected, 2 =| = H i |] | and the plans are given in every instance. “The og. / anger cost likewise is stated on the plates, except in 1" MN] exe those instances where it is inadvisable or im- 3 AMAT a Made iat possible to give it. The text consists of two in- troductory chapters, with a special discussion of the question of cost. Descriptions—admir- Other Styles for Less Money Sold by Hardware Trade Send for Catalog ably brief and complete—follow of the a houses illustrated, and the volume closes with —>>>»_—_>>——————_———————————__= some notes on cottage gardens—confessedly brief—and a note on the professional charges of architects. Mr. Elder-Duncan’s text, ex- cept in the purely descriptive passages, is both entertaining and suggestive, and his book is to be warmly commended in every way. Lane Brothers Company, 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PLUMBING. By J. J. Cosgrove. Pittsburgh: Stand- ard Sanitary Mfg. Co. “Pp. 83-273: A : : Da ‘ Most any Galvanized Sheet will last if carefully, wee ee pee practical plumber protected, but— than for the amateur in plumbing, this book merits the warmest praise. It undertakes to deal with every aspect of the plumbing art, and so far carries out its avowed purpose that AS: x SHEELE Tip, Lp, it is difficult to find a plumbing problem that \Sy is not satisfactorily answered in its pages. It s W OLA is clearly written, and the facts it is concerned = | oO wN with are presented in the most concise manner \ ST A\a possible. The numerous illustrations have py B AN been prepared expressly for it, and are models %¢ Many RES of technical drawing—clear and precise, and N . illustrating not only the object discussed, but PITTSBURGH its essential parts. It is, on the whole, a model handbook of its subject, and is a book destined to hold a high place in the literature “Apollo Best Bloom” of plumbing and the many important problems relating to it. Galvanized Sheets @ This ip model for hall, porch, den, or mission room, is made of heavy wrought iron, with ruby, green, last anywhere. They’re made to give protection, not to seek it. Every metal worker knows what the red ““APOLLO’”’ stands for, and if he has his way, no other brand will be used. Don’t give first cost too much thought, for Apollo Sheets are reasonable in price, and when trueness to gauge, superiority of material, easy working qualities and long life are considered, they are the only ones which should be used. Send for our Apollo Weight Card. Every metal worker has use for it. , amber, or white glass panels, which when lighted create an 4 effect both artistic and beau- | tiful. Fitted for oil, ready to so light, or can be adapted to gas or electricity. Height of lantern 14 in., with 1o-inch Venetian chain. Send stamp for Lamp Information, knowledge acquired through years of experience. Yo br, Rochester ees Co. Be Bochesker Yee Take ot your Hat to the M) For whether you need-Hand or Power Pumps, Hay_T: oh fore ‘adders, Gate =| ERS’ pie ‘Always Best Quality and Service is the Myers slogan— you've always got your money’s worth and & bargain besides when you buy from MYERS, 380-Page Catalog with close prices FREE. fF. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio AMERICAN j= oon SHEET @ TIN PLATE D | ic tit. e celebrated Hungarian and English Partridges COMPANY, and Pheasants, the large Hungarian Hares, all : kinds of Deer, Quail, etc., for stocking purposes. FRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA, Fancy Pheasants, Ornamental Waterfowl and Live Wild Animals of every description. Write for Price List WENZ & MACKENSEN, Dept. N., YARDLEY, PA. November, 1907 AGE RTCAN HOMES SAND GARDENS ait bia RE REA LAS tiie. eT a Tai Foe i my tone production made by us have resulted in the perfection of a notable Grand Piano, the Style X (next in size larger than the famous Quarter Grand). It is an instru. ment of rare and exquisite tone, in which quality and not quantity has been the first consid- eration. { It is anew departure in modern piano building, and in inviting attention to it we do so with much pride in the success of our efforts. A DEPARTURE IN TONE PRODUCTION. 4 Recent experiments in the direction of CHICKERING ¢& SONS, 826 Tremont St., BOSTON Established 1823 Catalogue upon request SS er aenee a ee Ace SOREN AR PONE MHRA ARE MANNE EAN NREL NR ATE xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 2 TieWwoLP Re Bae: — MEG CI This is where we manufacture our Monarch Porcelain Ware Trenton, New Jersey Uniformity gf Design Architects DO appreciate the fact that by specifying Wolff Plumbing Material exclusively they are protecting their clients from the annoying con- fusion of design and mechanical standards that is sure.to creep into even the most carefully selected line of “assembled” plumbing equipment. L WO] RE MANUFACTURING e GO 'M PA Nuy Established 1855 Manufacturers of PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY The Only Complete Line Made by Any One Firm Showrooms: 91 Dearborn St. Denver CHICAGO Trenton Select Paints as you select their colors Oxide of Zinc Paints are beautiful and lasting THE NEW JERSEY ZINC CO., "new one” We do not grind zinc in oil. A list of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application. GARDEN WORK FOR NOVEMBER By Eben E. Rexford LL tender shrubs should be given pro- A tection now. It is not safe to put off the work longer, for freezing weather may come at any time. Get ready for the undertaking the day before, if possible, by having all needed material brought together upon the grounds. Choose a pleasant day for the task, if possible. One can accomplish as much again in a warm, bright day as he can in a cold, disagreeable one, to say nothing about the superior quality of the work done. Before laying down any shrub, cut away all weak branches, and all superfluous ones. There is no good reason for attempting to carry these through the winter. They will have to be got rid of in the spring, and at this sea- son it is wisdom to do all that can be done to save work later on. If a bush seems stiff and unyielding when you attempt to bend it over, remove a few spadefuls of soil from close to its roots, on the side toward which it is to be bent. This will generally allow you to lay it down without breaking it. Having spread it out on the ground, lay some sticks across its branches to hold it down until your covering can be put in place. Cover it with dry soil if possible. Wet soil often does harm. If you prefer to use leaves, make a sort of pen of boards five or six inches deep about the plant. Press the leaves down firmly and cover them with something that will shed rain. If soil is used as a covering, let it be four or five inches deep, and roof it over well. Water must be kept out if we would have our plants winter safely. Pansies do not require much _ protection. Scatter an inch or two of leaves over them, and put on some evergreen branches to hold them in place. Pieces of wire netting can be used if branches are not obtainable. Hollyhocks seldom winter well unless water can be prevented from getting at their crowns. Their foliage is soft and thick, and absorbs moisture like a sponge. Decay soon sets in, and this diseased condition is soon communi- cated to the crown of the plant. Few plants survive after this takes place. I invert a box over each plant, filling in about it with leaves and banking up outside with soil. In this way I succeed in wintering nearly all plants safely. Plants not so protected generally come through in spring looking well, but before long they show signs of disease, and not one in a dozen survives. Cover the bulb-beds with eight or ten inches of coarse litter from the barnyard. This will prevent heaving of the soil under the action of frost. In an unprotected bed bulbs will often be torn loose and greatly in- jured, if not ruined. Go over the border and set stakes to mark the location of all plants that die away wholly in winter. If this is not done, they may be trampled to death in spring. If any plants or shrubs have proved in- ferior, root them up and consign them to the rubbish-heap. We have so many excellent varieties nowadays that one can not afford to grow anything that does not have real merit. It is just as easy to grow a good thing as a poor one. Mulch the peonies well. These plants are entirely hardy anywhere at the north, but they do enough better, when protected, to: make it well worth one’s while to give them this attention. All hardy plants are benefitted by covering, because it enables them to get through the winter without using up all their’ vitality in fighting against the cold. The lawn will be greatly benefitted by giv-- November, 1907 Fresh-air heating No matter how cold and long the night, you can beat back the nipping frost and keep every cubic foot of your house freshly ventilated and radiantly warmed by AMERICAN [DEAL RADIATORS BOILERS IDEAL Boilers steadily and uni- formly deliver the Steam or Hot Water to AMERICAN Ventilating Radiators day and night, without recoaling for periods of eight, ten or twelve hours, as you wish, in most bitter weather. The fire need not be rekindled during the entire heating season. Anyone can run the outfit—no way to get out of order—absolutely safe. The fuel and labor savings quickly repay the difference in cost over old-fashioned heating methods. The outfit lasts a lifetime—no repairs. Increases value of building for living, renting or selling. ‘The purchaser thus gets his money back. One small fire in an IDEAL Boiler does better work than a half-dozen grates, stoves, Baltimore heaters, or hot-air furnaces, for it warms the house evenly — no matter how the nights behave or North winds rage. ADVANTAGE 9: Experience has taught us that no heating outfit should be without a check-draft in smoke-pipe. The special device we supply with all IDEAL Boilers is as sensitive as a pair of fine scales, and does much to insure automatic control of the fire and bring about the marked fuel economy for which IDEAL Boilers are noted. Our catalogues (free) explain many other advantages and offer a wealth of heating and ventilating information to owners or tenants of cottages, houses, stores, schools, churches, etc.—ALL buildings -OLD or new--FARM or city. Write to-day. Seven months’ winter ahead! Sales Branches and Warehouses throughout America and Europe. DEPT. 6 AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY = cuncaco Feeds he Bo cs ce Se Ss Se ee os Ss 8 8 Ot Sos ae Os aoa ae The fine Check-Draft that gives control of fire THE “GLOBE” 66 9 e vtatertor Lhe Globe Ventilator and sold on merit ' In Galvanized Iron, Brass and Copper Also with Glass Tops for Skylight Simple, Symmetrical, Storm-proof, Effective. For perfectly ventilating buildings of every character. Send for model and pamphlet. Smoky Chimneys Cured. “GLOBE VENTILATED RIDGING” Manufactured by Globe Ventilator Company _ :: Patented and Trade-Mark Reg: U.S. Pat. Off. Troy, N. Y. Il ‘And that isn’t all. They never need repairs. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xill Kinnear Pressed Radiators Selected for THE SINGER BUILDING, NEW YORK Ernest Flagg, Architect THE TALLEST BUILDING IN THE WORLD These Radiators were chosen only after the most rigid examination and exhaustive test of all the radiators in the market, the tests thoroughly demonstrating that Kinnear Pressed Radiators exceeded every possible requirement for efficiency and durability. In the Tower alone the use of these Radiators effects a saving of 100 tons tn weight. The economy of enormously valuable space was another consideration, no radiation on earth requiring so little space as Kinnear Pressed Radiators. What applies to the Singer Building applies to any other structure, regardless of size. The small office building, store or residence that installs these Radiators (weighing less than one-third as much as cast-iron) reduces cost of construction and gains materially in space required. And remember that when desired, Kinnear Pressed Radiators may be placed On the Wall— Off the Floor Out of the Way If youare building you owe it to yourself to investigate this modern radiation before deciding what you will install. Write for Catalog ‘‘D” for any desired in- formation. THE PRESSED RADIATOR CO. PITTSBURGH, PA. GROW MUSHROOMS We show you how to get big returns on a small investment, A Mushroom Bed Is a Money Maker Grown without a greenhouse or even a cold frame. Every brick of Pure Culture Spawn in- sures desired color, uniform size and superior quality and bears this trade mark. Ss Buy no other, there’s nothing “just as P C good.” Our new book—4th edition— gives you full directions, based on co. latest practical and_ scientific results. Get it now. Ask for book F, Pure Culture Spawn Co., Pacific, Missouri Distributing Warehouses: Cincinnati, Philadelphia They’re fire-proof, storm-proof and easy to put on. There | wom ANNI uae AS LONG \WQVAVWUWUWUTITTN Sil RUA AAUP ADT ATTN are a hundred architects specifying them to-day where one specified them twenty yearsago. It pays. CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO., Philadelphia and Chicago X1V AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 You Can Refinish Your Old Floors At Little Expense to Look Like New Make your old floors match your woodwork or furniture. To prove how easily, how pleasantly and how cheaply you can make your home artistic, we have prepared a handsome illustrated book- let describing Johnson’s Wood Finishes, which we will send you upon request, so that every reader of this publication can learn how easily the home may be beautified. This booklet gives full instructions, showing exactly how to refinish wood so you can’t possibly make a mistake. It tells all about Johnson’s Electric Solvo, which instantly re- moves all old paint and varnish from wood; Johnson’s Crack Filler for filling unsightly cracks; it immediately hardens and will not shrink; Johnson’s Wood Dye colors the wood any desired shade; Johnson’s Prepared Wax produces a beautiful, artistic, durable polish. You can dye your floors practically any shade to match your woodwork or furniture. Colors are Light Oak, Brown Weathered Oak, Green Weathered Oak, Forest Green, Moss Green, Flemisn, Brown Flemish, Bog Oak, Mission Oak, Mahogany. Ask your paint dealer for _ This Book these preparations f Sie, Py, 7; . F "Oper The ao %Ody, / lor ry, Vp, Gi it AN, Section of floorine—cracks tn lower por- 5 8 tion filled with Johnson's Crack Filler. Johnson’s Crack Filler—for filling cracks in woods. 1 and 2-pound ‘\ cans, 25¢ per pound; 5-pound cans, 20c per pound. Cat Ne ors leny 1 r, IP; City é re NN. Johnson’s Wood Dye—for the artistic coloring of wood S.C. \Q (all shades). Johnson & Son, % Ps ’ a — - 1 % Johnson’s Electric Solvo—for removing Pint cans, 40c; 12-pint %-pint cans, 30c; pint cans, 50c. Racine, Wis. paint, Die cer ad . varnish, shellac, etc. me FREE copy fe) s. 25 cents of your book,‘‘The te Sane, 25 Pr . Tree (a) eto, roper reatment on Johnson’s Prepared Wax—a com / if Sep, for Floors, Woodwork ee OS Pe A Free ~ + ” : ~ . & © Jo, “Pay. ™ 3 j and Purniture,” Itis ©, plete fimish and polish for all “Sig. ala" understood that this re- > : rh a quest does not incur any “4% wood. 10-cent and 25-cent packages obligation on my part, : el! wake <,, and large size cans. — Vp If your paint dealer will not supply you, write us and we wil see that you get our preparations promptly. Don’t delay, send coupon below, while you think of it, for this 48 page color booklet —"7he Proper Treatment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture—sent FREE, prepaid. S.C. Johnson & Son, Racine, Wis. I NTASTT A eet CER AEE EPE CPP PORE REE ETT Pe PEPER \ “The Wood-Finishing Authorities” Weigh wall paper in your judg- ment against a washable wall covering— against a wall covering as beautiful as the finest wall-paper, but which canzot fade. You can wipe all dust and dirt from SANITAS vith a damp cloth, and it leaves no mark. You can let the strongest light pour directly upon it, and it keeps its color. SANITAS is printed in oil colors on a strong muslin foundation. Dull or glazed surface. In the recent prize contest for pictures of the most artistic interiors where SANIWVAS is used, the following were the winners: 1st prize: Mrs. W. N. Blaney, 1701 Sherman Ave., Denver. Colo. 2nd prize: Mrs. P. G. Hansen, Edgerton, Wis. 3r prize: Miss Marion Swan, 154 Passaic Ave., Passaic, N. J. 4th prize: Mrs. E. A. Corwin, Box 35, Haywards, Cal. Ask your dealer to show you the large SANITAS sample book showing many patterns suitable for every room in the house, or write directly to our Department of Home Decoration, describing your room fully, and receive, free, suggestive pencil sketches, with samples show- ing suitable patterns. STANDARD OIL CLOTH CO., Dept. 11,320 Broadway, New York sy ing it a top dressing of fine manure just be- fore cold weather sets in. Spread it on generously. If barnyard fertilizer is not ob- tainable, make use of bonemeal. ‘This is a most excellent substitute for cow-manure any- where about the home grounds. Celery for winter use should be dug up and stored in the cellar. Set it on the bottom, putting some soil about the plants to retain moisure. “The rule should be to keep the roots damp and the tops dry. Arrange now for proper ventilation of the cellar. More sickness originates in a cellar poorly ventilated and aired than from any- where else. ‘The vegetables stored there will be constantly decaying and giving off un- healthy gases, and these must be got rid of without allowing them to come in contact with the rooms above. It is an easy matter to arrange for the free escape of these noxious odors by connecting a tube of boards with a cellar window. ‘The tube should extend up- ward several feet, in order to create a draft, also to prevent cold from entering. How- ever, this precaution alone is not sufficient. The contents of the cellar should be looked over at least once a week, and every decaying thing should be removed. ‘The best way to dispose of it is by cremation in the house furnace. Keep watch of the dahlias, cannas and ca- ladiums after storing them in the cellar. If mold is discovered, you may be sure they are in too damp a location. Remove to a dryer place. Generally a shelf near the ceiling will answer the purpose. I find it a good plan to spread the roots out on wire netting. This allows a free circulation of air about and among them. Spread them out in such a manner that they do not touch each other. If they seem inclined to dry up and shrivel too much, take it as an indication that a some- what damper place is needed. If any portion of them begins to decay, cut the diseased part off promptly. This may prevent the trouble from being communicated to the rest of the bunch. But if it does not, throw the whole bunch away, as soon as you discover its ten- dency toward unhealthy conditions. Better lose a few roots in this way than to attempt to save them and have all the rest suffer in consequence. I have found it a good plan to wrap canna roots in oiled paper before storing them in the cellar. “This keeps them in about the proper condition of moistness. But before putting them away—and this applies to all cellar- stored roots—be sure to have them well rip- ened off by exposure to the sun. I aim to leave the roots of my dahlias, cannas and caladiums exposed to strong sunshine several days after digging them before they are placed in winter quarters. “This allows surplus mois- ture to evaporate and puts them in proper con- dition for wintering safely. Put them in the cellar immediately after digging them, and not one in fifty will survive the ordeal. Be charry of fire-heat in rooms containing house-plants recently brought indoors. ‘The danger of keeping them too warm far exceeds that of keeping them too cold at this season. Also be careful about over-watering. Few plants will be making much growth now, and when a plant is standing still, comparatively, it needs very little water. Evaporation will take place slowly, therefore a small amount ‘of water, applied two or three times a week, will be amply sufficient throughout this month and most of next. Give no fertilizers until your plants be- gin to grow. But give all the fresh air possible. If the weather is bright and warm, leave the win- dows open from nine o'clock to three each day. Plenty of fresh air will be a most im- November, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xv portant factor in putting your plants in good condition for winter work. Look to the potted bulbs. If any have be- Importance of Hardware gun to make top-growth, put them in the The selection of the hardware trimmings for your new house is too important a matter window. But leave those which have not to be left to the discretion of another. Make your own selection; by doing so you not only begun to grow in cold storage as long as sea yeu one eels but by choosing with due regard to style cf architecture and finish 5 , < ou will be able isti posciblen ak ou svant to Prolene Precpentd y a o obtain a more appropriate and artistic effect. of their flowering. ARTISTIC Sar gent’s Hardware may beselected to harmonize with any style CONSTRUCTION AND CARE OF a of architecture or finish. It is always artistic 2 in design and proportion, and because of its THE HOTBED Re long wear affords unbounded satisfaction. Sargent’s Book of Designs—Sent Free By Ida D. Bennett will be of real assistance to you in deciding ; upon your hardware trimmings. ‘This book : not only shows nearly seventy different de- O ENDEAVOR to garden without the pene oo artistic hardware, but_ ‘ F also shows the Kasy Spring Prin promoting aid of a well-constructed and Sipe Gcoecate cea, = equipped hotbed is to be seriously handi- Write for a copy of the book to-da capped in one’s gardening operations through- —i’s yours for the asking. out the summer, as its use advances the season, SARGENT & CO., from six weeks to two months being gained 156 Leonard St., New York in the maturity of the plants set out. ‘Take, for instance, that popular flower the cosmos, the growing of the larger varieties of which is practically futile without the hotbed, as, planted in the open ground in May, after all danger of frost is passed, they will not come into bloom before September, when the first frost catches them in their first blooming. But if the seed is planted in the hotbed late in March or the first of April they will fre- quently be in bud when transplanted from the frames to the open ground and continue to bloom all summer. The hotbed has its phases of opulence, where it appears in walls of brick, or stone, or cement, with the regulation florist’s sash, or it may owe its humble origin to waste lum- ber about the place and discarded window- Prcaistic. Lite for sash. There are certain advantages in the Ricore) in auhitesor more solidly built masonry as compared to the | { 2, a colors. timber construction, in that it affords a more : even temperature and successfully resists the incursions of moles, mice and like vermin; it is, moreover, permanent—a pit lined with — : CONTRACTS EXECUTED brick or concrete, well constructed and care- Pan ys B DINGS rm ee cis fully drained, should last twenty years, while a ae ie : ir more tan tice“ ®°" 1 MANTELS, GRATES, FIRE-PLACE GOODS for more than three. If built of boards the material should be as English Quarry Tile in Red, Black and Buff for Porches, Terraces, Halls, etc. i Send us plan of space to be Tiled. We will quote lowest price delivered at your Station. — GRRLUUT WEY Ceramic, Mosaic, and \e Designs submitted. heavy as possible and entirely free from knot holes, or if such holes unavoidably exist, they should be masked with pieces of tin nailed on. A few such holes in an old hotbed of mine a SSS few years ago resulted, one night, in the al- most total loss of the entire sowing of seeds, WISCONSIN MANTEL @&® TILE COMPANY a mouse having in that time unearthed and 420 Milwaukee Street, MILWAUKEE, WIS. eaten all the salvia, and other hard-shelled seeds, and left the empty shells scattered over the surface of the soil. The first essential in constructing a hotbed is a pit, which should be about four feet deep ‘ IN THIS CHARMING HOUSE and of a size to correspond with the sash to =a > ane be used. ‘The sides should be left as even and wee . OREN ie G All the windows are CASEMENTS firm as possible. The frame of the bed is E jie see swinging out, convenient, practical, constructed—if of boards—with four corner and a joy and comfort to the owner. posts of three-inch stuff, the rear posts being Men ene and ilepconaploe a syand and relock his sash in any position, about six or eight inches higher than the front Sn ve {) and ho ldeee. nel Wave ko oven vthe ones; onto these the sides and ends are se- lee Vigie screens. Our beautiful FREE Book- curely nailed, the bottom of the frame Pane ee Bet i let tells why. square, the slope being at the top. Usually i the frame is made of six or eight-inch boards, u| The Casement Hardware Co. by sawing one end board in two on the bias Record-Herald Bidg., CHICAGO it will provide the top boards for each end, and be on the right slope. Where old win- dow sash are used it will be found convenient in handling to hinge them to the back of the frame, which they should cover snugly. The construction of permanent beds of masonry is along practically the same lines; the pit, however, should be dug about four inches larger to allow for the laying of the brick or cement. Where concrete is used— and this is probably the most permanent form of hotbed—a rough frame of boards should PREVENTS DRAFTS, DUST AND WINDOW RATTLING. ; IVES’ PATENT Window Stop Adjuster. Cattle Manure in Bags Puivorisea Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No bad odor, Easily applied. Delivered east of Missouri River. $2.00 per bag (100 Ibs.) Write for circulars. The Pulverized Manure Co. 1 Union Sicck Yards, Chicago. HEAVY BED PATENTED. The only Stop Adjuster made from one piece of metal with solid ribs and heavy bed that will not cup, turn or bend in tightening the screw. Manufactured only by The H. B. IVES CO., New Haven, Conn., U. S. A. (Fifty-page Catalogue Mailed Free. ) Xvi Richness of decorative effect in wall coverings is best at- tained by preserving complete harmony in the general color scheme of a room. The effects in homes where FAB-RIKO-NA (Trade Mark Registered in U.S. Pat. Off. and in Pat. Off. in Gt. Britain. WOVEN WALL COVERINGS adorn the walls are refined and artistic. Moreover, FAB-RI-KO-NA fabrics are strong and durable, prevent walls from cracking, do not tear easily, and are clean, sanitary and economical. FAB-RI-KO-NA colors are permanent. Exhaustive tests have proved beyond ques- tion that FAB-RI-KO-NA Woven Wall Cov- erings hold their colors. Look for Trade Mark ‘‘FAB-RI-KO-NA’’ on back of goods. “New Ideas for Home Decoration” If you are planning to decorate your walls, send 1ocents for our new book, “New Ideas for Home Decoration.’ Written by John Taylor, the eminent authority on interior decoration, and illustrated with ten designs in color by John Ednie, this book will show some of the artistic possibilities of FAB-RI-KO-NA, and suggest a scheme of treatment for your own home. Our experts will devise a color scheme suited to your needs, You can see actual samples of FAB-RI-KO-NA in contrast with woodwork in natural shades. Write for information. Address H. B. WIGGIN’S SONS CO., 12 Arch St., Bloomfield, N. J. FAW-RI-KO-NA Woven Wall Coverings are known and sold by all first-class Decorators. SPRAGUE Electric Damper and Valve Regulator 70°—or the “jenna heat desired Regulates Your Heat Just as You Want It Night and Day. Adjust to Orin. oe Heat Desired IT’S AUTOMATIC EVEN, HEALTHFUL HEAT WITH REDUCED COAL BILLS This Heat Regulator is easily applied to all Hot Water, Steam. Hot Air or Natural Gas Heaters. It is guaranteed for 10 years and sold on merits. Thousands in use 25 years and still working. Cannot give out with reasonable care. Saves Tunning up and down stairs. _ Prevents accidents* by fires. Cannot forget the dampers and Cannot Run Down and Leave Front Draft Damper Open. This feature is strongly covered by letters patent and is positively not found in any other Thermostat. Coal saved pays for. Regulator; therefore, it costs you nothing. Always the best. Thirty Days’ Free Trial. Booklet Free. A delay may mean the loss of your house by fire. Write the Manufacturers HOWARD THERMOSTAT CO., 22 West Ist St., Oswego, N. Y. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS be made to form a mold; it need not be more than a foot or eighteen inches high, as it can be raised as the concrete hardens. Pebbles, sharp sand and broken stone, in the proportion of seven parts to one of cement, well mixed, are used for the body of the wall; it should be added a few inches at a time and well tamped down, until the mold is filled. If the frame is of the full height of the pit the wall may be built at one time, but where a low frame is used it will be necessary to let each tier of concrete “set” before adding the second tier, or the tamping of this will cause the wet concrete to bulge. ‘Two inches of the top of wall and the face of the wall should be made with a higher grade of material—sharp sand and cement in the proportion of two to one. In the top of the wall a wooden frame for the sash to rest on should be cemented in. ‘This need not be more than an inch or two wide or high, simply something on which the sash may be hinged or fastened, but the sinking it in the mortar renders it permanent and air and water tight. No floor is required in a hotbed, and every effort should be made to secure good drain- age. Where the natural lay of the land does not afford this, it will be well to sink a tile or even a deep hole filled with broken stone in one corner of the hotbed, the top being level with the surface of the soil or slightly be- low it. All hotbed sash should be well glazed and painted and fit as nearly air tight as possible. ‘There should always be sufficient slant to the sash to shed water, and the direction, wher- ever possible, should be toward the south. It is of first importance that the beds be pro- tected on the north from cold winds, and hence a position on the south side of a building or wall is desirable. Having completed the frame and installed it In the pit, the next thing is to get it in working order as soon as possible; for this the pit should be filled with fresh manure— that gathered over night from young grain- fed horses being best—never use manure that has lain more than a few hours, and the fresher the better. It should be put directly in the pits, filling them full and pressing down some- what so that the pit will be quite evenly filled ; place the sash in position and wait for fer- mentation to begin. Usually in twenty-four hours the mass will be in a violent state of heat, and may be pressed down and the soil added. In tramping down the manure it should be made as level as possible and quite solid. The manure should contain a liberal quantity of bedding—leaves or straw—as this furnishes fuel for the fire of the manure and insures the continuance of a steady heat for some time, while clear manure would produce a violent heat at the start which would soon die out, leaving the beds cold. When the manure is in a thorough state of fermentation in every part of the bed, and has been trampled down, an inch or two of old. well-rotted manure should be added evenly over the surface. “This serves as food for the young plants and prevents their sending roots down into the fresh manure underneath, which would burn and destroy them. Over the old manure place about four inches of good gar- den loam mixed with a little leaf mold if procurable; the surface inch of soil, at least, should be sifted and made very fine; the soil should be moist enough to sow the seeds, but neither wet or dry. In sowing the seeds it will be found desir- able to divide the bed—if there is only one, with a partition, that plants requiring a high temperature may be planted by themselves and those requiring less heat—as cabbages and cauliflowers—by themselves. It is not well to try to grow cabbages and cauliflowers and tomatoes and peppers under exactly the same November, 1907 The Beautiful Hand-Woven PEQUOT RUGS Refreshing. Simplicity Wholesome and agreeable colors. Decidedly artistic in design and inexpensive. Send for Booklet. CHAS. H. KIMBALL 48 Yantic Road, Norwich Town, Conn. By William Herbert A thoroughly modern study and exposition of Modern Architectural needs and tendencies, from the point-of-view ofa more complete un- derstanding of American Home Architecture. Artistically illustrated with early styles, and the best typical examples of good mod- ern architecture. The author discusses Town Houses and Country Houses, Country Estates, the House for All the Year, the Hall, Living-room, Dining-room, Bed-room’and Kitchen; also, the House in Relation to Out-of-Doors. At all Book- stores. $2.U0 net; postage 18 cents, Van Dorn Iron Works Co. PRISON, HOUSE @ STABLE WORK JOIST HANGERS ‘LAWN FURNITURE FENCING, ETC. SEER Standing Seam fo A ROOF IRONS in ® at cells CLINCH right chrough the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. We make a similar one for slate roofs, SEND FOR CIRCULAR BERGER BROS. CO. PHILADELPHIA SUMMIT STREET. PROSPECT. N Y- Especially suitable for fine residence. summer home or sanitarium, finished in quartered and red oaks and containing fifteen rooms Ceight of them bedrooms), two baths attic: gasolene lighting engine sufficient for 110 clectric lighis; hot water beating apparatus; cemented cellar floor; stationary tubs and fireplaces. Coach barn (5 box stalls); carriage barn and cow barn. Lot -150 x 200 feet. This property cost $25 000. 1s in perfect condition and may be purchased for $16 000. Terms: $5000 down; balance on time. Investigation solicited. - A. J. BAEHLE & CO., Agents 8 Blandina Street, Utica, N. Y. November, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xvii The A. J. Crawford Company LONDON NEW YORK 251-255 FIFTH AVENUE English Furniture Exclusively. Antiques and Reproductions. The Largest Collection of Enelish Furniture in America. Interior Decorating Executed in all the early English periods. Chippendale Cabinet circa 1770 b6 h Li | Sh 99 Crown Derby and Worcester Porcelain e itt e Op Are you Going to Build? If so, Why Not of CONCRETE? It is inexpensive, fireproof, will not deteriorate with age, needs no repairs or paint, and is adaptable to any style of architecture. OUR BOOK Concrete Country Residences (Second Ladztion) contains photographs and floor plans of over 150 Concrete Houses, and should be of immense value to you in planning your house. These houses were designed by the best architects in the country and are of several different systems of concrete construction. A copy of this book, 168 pages (size 10 x 12), will be sent express prepaid upon receipt of $1.00 THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT CO., Dept. 10, 30 BROAD STREET, NEW YORK XVIIl AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 These Buildings and Over 8000 Others are Supplied by The Kewanee System of Water Supply AVE you a water supply problem to solve? The Kewanee System will solve it satisfactorily and economically. We guarantee successful operation, or your plant may be returned at our expense of freight charges and your money will be refunded. All the conveniences and protection of the best city water works are afforded, without the incon- veniences, expense and annoyance which go hand in hand with inferior systems. Our guarantee and the successful operation of over 8000 Kewanee Systems are your assurance of entire satisfaction. The Kewanee System of Water Supply is being used for an almost endless variety of re- quirements,—for city, suburban and country resi- dences, farms, schools, hotels, public institutions, apartment buildings, neighborhood water works, and small towns. The technical and practical knowledge of our hydraulic engineers and our intimate knowledge of this subject gained from over ten years’ experience, are at your service. In the Kewanee System, there is no elevated tank to mar the landscape view, to leak, freeze, or collapse; and no dangerous and inefficient attic tank is required. Air pressure delivers the water to all fixtures and hydrants. Write for our complete 64-page illustrated catalogue which explains everything. Ask for catalogue No. 36. Kewanee Water Supply Co., Kewanee, Ill. No. 32 Broadway, New York City. Pi 820 Marquette Building, Chicago. 404 Equitable Bldg., Baltimore. f” HARTSHORN SHADE ROLLERS Bear fe script name of Stewart HARTSHORN SHADE ROLLERS Bear the script name of Stewart {artshorn on label. Get “Improved,” no tacks required. Wood Rollers Tin Rollers { artshorn on label. Get “Improved,” no tacks required. Wood Rollers Tin Rollers «|. A.BROOKS ECO. CLEVELES 0: 7s FLOOReSIDEWALK LIGHTS. FEVERY DESCRIPTION. _ SEND f6R CATALOGUE. Philosophy of Protective Paint A practical treatise on the subject of protective paint by a practical paint man of long experience. Write for free copy No. 106 B. Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J. conditions, as their requirements are quite dif- ferent. Seeds that germinate at about the same time should occupy as far as possible the same hot- bed or section; talk growing varieties should be planted against the back of the bed and not in front of low growing varieties. Each sec- tion of seeds should be separated from adjoin- ing sections with thin strips of wood which should extend slightly above the surface of the ground. All should be plainly marked ' with the name and date of sowing, and, where known, the period of germination, and where any single variety of seeds are purchased from two or more florists it will be well to add the name to the labels, as in this way one may keep tab on the different florists’ seeds and judge of their merits. Fine seeds should be sown on the surface of the ground and covered lightly with soil or fine white sand, the latter being preferable, as it Is not so apt to be affected by fungoid growths. A piece of flat board with a handle on one side should be used to press the seed into the ground and should be of a size to go within the different plats. Coarser seeds, as the salvias, pansies, asters and the like, should be covered somewhat heavier, or they may be sown in drills of an eighth of an inch deep and the soil drawn over them and pressed down with the board. Large seeds should have a corresponding depth of soil over them, but no seed will require the deep planting of seeds in the open ground ex- posed to sudden changes of the weather, heavy rains and baking sun. When the seeds have all been planted and labeled, water with a rubber plant sprinkler or with a whisp broom dipped in water and shaken lightly over the soil—never pour water from a cup or other vessel or use a watering pot unless the rose is fine enough to throw an almost mist-like spray ; cover with newspapers, close the sash and leave until germination takes place. As the various plats of seeds germinate and form leaves the newspaper should be removed from so much of the bed and placed on the top of the sash directly over them. Air will be required by the newly started plants, and the sash may be slightly raised on warm sunny days, taking the pre- caution to protect the opening on the wind- ward side with a rug or bit of carpet. Should the sun go under a cloud when the sash is open it should be closed at once; but should the sun come out brightly when the sash is closed it will be necessary to inspect the beds and ascertain if the temperature is rising be- yond the danger point, as the temperature rises very rapidly inside the sash under the combined influence of the sun and fermenting manure, and an hour’s neglect under these circumstances will sometimes result in the loss of the entire contents of the hotbeds. The beds should be well protected on cold nights and windy days with rugs or old car- pets, and there will often come a spell of wet, cold weather when the glass will require to be shut continuously for days at a time. ‘This is one of the trying times with the hotbed, and it often taxes the gardener’s ingenuity to keep the plants from damping off under these con- tions; the best remedy is the “ounce of pre- vention,” and it will be well not to water, especially at night during cloudy or unsettled weather, unless actually necessary. When the plants are up and growing vigor- ously it will be well to remove or open the sash during the middle of the day, and lath screens, made by tacking laths to a frame of any light stuff of a size to fit the beds, should be placed over the beds to protect the plants from the sun, and from marauding cats and dogs. The laths should be about their own width apart, and if the nails with which they are nailed to the frame are clinched on the November, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xix i under side, they will last for years. Later, as the plants approach a stage when they will be soon transferred to the open ground, they may be given complete exposure and screens of chicken netting may be used in place of the lath if necessary to protect the beds from poultry, cats and other enemies. Tender plants should not be set out in the open ground until all danger of frost is passed, as there is nothing gained by plant- ing before the weather is warm and _ the ground in a condition to receive them. THE BIGNONIA RADICANS By Benjamin Ide | LEE year at the time of the blooming of the Bignonia radicans or trumpet vine I am impressed anew with its excep- tional value as an all-around plant for general purposes. It is a matter of the greatest sur- prise to me to see this noble plant so neglected and relegated to any out-of-the-way corner of the yard when so much may be done with it in the way of decorative effect. “The explana- tion of this unfortunate state of affairs may probably be found in the fact that we have al- ways had it with us and that familiarity breeds contempt. So we relegate it to some out-of-the-way corner while we point with pride to some sickly climber, the cultivation of which we know nothing about and ask that its spindly growth be admired; it is a question whether we admire it ourselves, but the catalogues call it beautiful, and so great is the tendency to adopt ready-made opinion that we hold our own in abeyance and accept without question. As a vine the bignonia is fine when well cared for and well supported ; it requires, how- ever, the most careful fastening as well-de- veloped specimens are very top-heavy, and a storm is apt to tear them from their support and do much damage. The bignonia is one of those plants which make fleshy air roots at each joint which cling to walls by suction; where these have been allowed to remain undisturbed the plant is practically self-supporting, but the large, heavy top which it forms when it has reached any considerable height is composed of many branches, which either form no roots at the joint or the roots finding no point of attach- ment wither and die, then a severe storm catches the top, rendered heavier by rain, and tears top and all from its support. No ordi- nary means of support, as twine or light wire, suffices to sustain it under such circumstances, but a good weight of galvanized wire should be used, passing the wire under and around a joint and fastening the ends securely to the wall with staples. But it is as an ornamental shrub and hedge plant that I wish to discuss it. In the entire range of ornamental shrubs suitable for the lawn it would be difficult to find one with more to recommend it in beauty, grace, hardi- ness, with its great masses of flowers and dark, rich foliage. Planted on the lawn and trained against a stake four or five feet, or as tall as it is desired to have the standard grow, it will in a few years develop a stem that will be self- supporting. When it has grown to the desired height it must be topped or cut back and encouraged to develop many side branches—all side shoots below the top being removed as they appear and the whole strength of the plant directed to the formation of a symmetrical, vigorous top. In this way it will grow in the shape of a Kilmarnock willow, and if the seed pods are removed as they form it will be in bloom the greater part of the summer—which can be said of few other shrubs. In a few years, or by the time the support has rotted away, it will have developed a trunk heavy enough to support it; one growing in my own grounds has a trunk equal to a young Do van Want 7 Best? Stoves and Ranges Garland é 3 Gas Ranges and Heaters THE WORLD’S BEST 35 Years the Standard Sold by all First-Class Dealers Everywhere. Ranges furnished with the Garland Oven Heat Indicator. Booklets free by mail. THE MICHIGAN STOVE COMPANY, DetroitsMich.5 47°) Makers of ttoves Gnd Ranges’ “Chicago, [il. Mg are much better than the price would indicate. They are so well made, well finished and dependable that our customers are de- lighted. We have selected a few dozen letters from the hundreds we have and duplicated them in our book called ‘ ‘Evidence,’’— what others say about us—which is yours for the asking. Send for it. IF YOU NEED MANTELS send 12c. for our beautiful 72-page catalogue (12x14 in.) with supplement, “Colonial Beauties,” which illustrates the most beautiful mantels for the money in this country. These two books cost us 50c. to deliver and are only for those interested. Kindly state number of mantels you will require and we will gladly send catalogue as above. PLANT BULBS NOW ae od CROCUSES —“the traits ot Spring” Ce | The first and most welcome flower in the Spring, often arriving Cy y -{ Gree age i ee age before the snow has left us. Must be planted now. Mass the bulbs in natural groups to obtain the proper effect. Rawson’s Giant Mix- ture contains only parent bulbs, producing giant flowers in a multitude of colors. Price, Per 100, $1. 1,000 $7.50. At these prices we cannot prepay charges, except where the ‘ei name of the magazine is mentioned. | = Send for Rawson’s 1907 Bulb Hand Book Free. W. 'W. RAWSON & CO., 5 UNION ST., BOSTON, MASS. Specialists of Highest Grade Seeds, Bulbs and Plants. DO YOU WANT A HOME LIKE THIS? or one equally pleasing. Then buy my books or write me about special plans. My designs are all artistic, but home like and comfortable, my plans complete, and estimates carefuland honest. Individual Designing A Specialty. zie PURESQUE SUBURBAN HOUSES (New 1907). Price by mail, 0. New, artistic and original designs for Cement, St ne and ee houses, from $3,000 to $10 000. Estimates and full de sc.iptions, The best book of its kind published. NEW PICTURESQUE COTTAGES. Price by mail, $1.00. Contain- ing Geant and beautiful designs for Suburban Homes, from $2,800 to $6,000. BOOK OF BUNGALOWS, 1906. Price by mail, $2.00. A unique and artistic book, containing desigrs for one and one-and-a-half story Bungalows in various styles, $1,000 up. Printed in Sepia tones. PICTURESQUE SUMMER COTTAGES. VOL. III. Price by mail, $1.00. New and Revised 1906 Edition. Old favorites and new designs for Stone, Shingle and Rustic Summer Cottages. E. BE. HOLMAN, Room 14, 1020 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. BURLINGTON ‘“siis"" BLINDS SCREENS AND SCREEN DOORS Q Equal 500 miles northward. Perfect Venetian Blind for inside window and outdoor veranda. Any wood; any finish to match trim. Sliding Blinds for inside use. Require no pockets. Any wood; any finish. privacy with doors and windows open. Darkness and breezes in sleeping rooms. WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUE, PRICE-LIST AND PROPOSITION TO YOU BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO.., 975 Lake St., Burlington, Vermont XX AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1907 tree and a top which in its season of bloom is a thing of beauty. As a hedge plant nothing more highly orna- mental could be desired for the boundaries of lots or for a division between different parts of the grounds. Set plants three feet apart in the row, training to stakes as for plants on the lawn. ‘Top when at the desired height and allow to grow and droop sufficiently to form a screen. If it is desired to use it as a hedge to confine chickens or farm animals it may be grown against wire netting or fencing of suf- ficient strength. Nothing finer for a perma- nent screen for the poultry yard could be desired and the shade afforded will prove most grateful to the poultry. Once established there will be no danger of the chickens injuring the stems and roots, as would be the case with more tender plants, and there will be no occasion to worry about its safety, be the winters ever so severe and the summer’s droughts however trying. Where the plants have been allowed to seed freely, every spring will see many new plants springing up around the yard which may be taken up and set out for a hedge. Do not, I beg, dig them up and throw them away or cut them off with the lawn-mower, but find some place where they may be given care and trained into some form worthy their great possibilities. Although able and willing to grow with a modicum of care and trouble, they well repay the outlay of time and care, and when grown as an ornamental plant they should receive it. Plant in good mellow loam, dug deep, that they may send their roots well below frost The Varnish that lasts longest Made by Murphy Varnish Company. Order ‘now our hardy, "hla Pear, Peach, Apple Trees, Berry Bushes, Roses, California Privet — anything in the nursery line. Millions of plants and trees ready. Handsome catalogue contains prices, pictures and reliable spraying chart. It’s free. Send now for it. ARTHUR J. COLLINS. Box 410, __ MOORESTOWN. N. J. 450 VOLUMES 50 VOLUMES HREE 3 to Each Person FREE PUBLISHER’S PRICE, $1.50 PER VOLUME Fall setting - time is here. To 150 Persons ONLY WRITE TO-DAY if you wish three of the titles on the adjoining list re- served for you. AGT QUICKLY as there are but 450 volumes left. We have given away thou- sands of volumes already and have enough for 150 persons only. WRITE TO-DAY for the details of our plan. State what titles you wish reserved. If you do not like the plan you are under no obliga- tions to receive the books selected. Man of the Hour Octave Thanet The Lightning Conductor C.N. & A E. Williamson Little Book of Tribune Verse . Eugene Field Brewster’s Millions Graustark . Rose of Old St. Louis George Barr McCutcheon . George Barr McCutcheon . Mary Dillon Lady Rose’s Daughter Wings of the Morning . . Hearts and Masks The Deluge The Blazed Trail Mrs. Humphrey Ward Louis Tracy Harold MacGrath David Graham Phillips . Stewart Edward White Woman in the Alcove The Clansman . . Audrey. . Hearts Desire . The Jungle . .... The Spenders . Princess Maritza . . . The Virginian® .+-4-2. 3. Call of the Wild .... Evelyn Byrd . D’riandI.. Her Mountain Lover . Anna Katherine Green Thos. Dixon, Jr. Mary Johnston . Emerson Hough Upton Sinclair . Harry Leon Wilson Percy Brebner Owen Wister Jack London George C. Eggleston . Irving Bacheller Hamlin Garland House of a Thousand Candles Meredith Nicholson Circulation Department, The House Beautiful Co., xX. Republic Building, Chicago Please outline your plan and reserve for me the titles marked It is understood that in making this request I assume no obligation to pay for the books. eee ee cee cenen ceneeece ree eeeeseseeeeacre Sheen Ceeeeseeeeeeeees. eens sooeees line. Give a heavy mulch of old manure in the fall, which may be dug into the soil in the spring. If there is any bare ground around the stem a mulch of lawn clippings will be of benefit during the hot weather, and an occasional showering during a protracted dry spell will in no wise injure it. Like all plants, keeping the foliage clean will greatly enhance its beauty. Not the least of the bignonia’s good quali- ties is its attraction for the humming birds, which flit around it from morning to night, diving head-first into its deep rosy throats, gathering honey for their nestlings, or sit on the branches preening their feathers as fear- lessly at home, in spite of my presence, as though I, not they, were the intruder. Some variety of the bignonia is indigenous to nearly all countries. Our native variety has its habitat in Florida and as far north as the Carolinas, where it disputes possession with the corn and thrives under the cultiva- tion which seeks to eradicate it. Under the name of Tacoma Stans, Florida furnishes another variety of handsome shruls covered in the autumn with handsome yellow flowers, while from Australia comes a lovely white variety with rose-colored throat—the Tacoma Jasmanoides; this is said to be en- tirely hardy at the South, and possibly with proper protection might prove so at the North. South Africa furnishes a magnificent variety with a large, showy, trumpet-shaped flower of a bright, rosy lilac and darker pencilings and a blotch of yellow in the throat; the in- dividual flowers are larger than the Bignonia radicans, and are borne in great panicles a foot or more in length. ‘This, too, is hardy in the South, and in the North can be lifted and stored during winter in the cellar, con- servatory or greenhouse. Another interesting species from Australia is T. Smithii. This grows in a dwarf form like a geranium, and is well adapted to grow- ing in pots. It is covered with flowers, two inches or more in length, of lemon and orange. This variety can be grown from seeds, and under favorable conditions is said to bloom the first summer. [sotto wongaanone eros ew ayaa annempaenrcezceng mr Yh i NR fed Tap gy ir want i aaah as mp ere ese sincere =: ’ : 0 2090 ee EN RARER te Nm a RAS ae ee ee nee en et ee = a in i $3.00 A YEAR Artistic Mantels @ OUR CATALOGUES con- tain 130 designs, including Mission, ® Colonial, ® White, Mahogany & Oak. Every- thing, from the very cheapest to the best. q Fireplace Hardware and Tiling of every description. Catalogue and Special Designs sent on receipt of 25c. in postage. The Geo. W. Clark Co. Unity Building 306 Main Street Chicago, Ill. Jacksonville, Fla. MISSION MANTEL FOR DEN Factory, Knoxville, Tenn. FOLLOWS THE “SUNSHINE BELT” TO THE ORIENT Calm seas and summer skies—a one day’s stop at beautiful Hawaii—the maxinuum of speed and luxury, make the PACIFIC MAIL the ideal route to the-Oxent. From SAN FRANCISCO to HAWAII, JAPAN, CHINA. and. the PHILIPPINES. + .« ° ied 2 Rates and information at any railroad ticket agent ov fron + - cic PACIFIC MAIL S. S. CO., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. R. P. SCHWERIN, Vice-Pres. and Gen’! Mgr. CHICAGO—120 Jackson Boulevard NEW YORK—1 Broadway—349 Broadway BALTIMORE—Baltimore and Hanover WASHINGTON—S11 Pennsylvania Avenue SYRACUSE—212 W, Wasbington Street HAMBURG (Germany) Amerika Haus. Ferdinandstrasse ST. LOUIS—903 Olive Street BOSTON — 170 Washington Street PHILADELPHIA—632 Chestnut Street LONDON (England) 49 Leadenball Street (ONOLULY MEN “‘Borated, as Talcum As a Champion protector of the skin and complexion of particular men and women, first comes MENNEN’S BORATED TALCUM TOILET POWDER a safe and pure healing and protective powder, the merits of which have been recognized and commended by the medical profession for many years. Winter winds have no ill effects where Mennen’s is used daily, after shaving and after bathing. In the nursery ‘tis indispensable. For your, pretection--put up in non-refill- able boxes--the “ box that Jox.’’_ 1f MENNEN’S face is on the cover it’s genuine and a guar- antee of purity. Guaranteed under the Food and Drugs Act, June 30th, 1906. Serial No, 1542. Sold everywhere, or by mail 25c Sample Free. GERHARD MENNEN CO. ewark, N. Try MENNEN'S Violet (Borated) Talcum Toilet Powder. 7 It has the scent of fresh-cut Parma Violets. SPRAGUE Electric Damper and Valve Regulator 70°—or any “Epona heat desired Regulates Your Heat Just as You Want It Night and Day. Adjust to a SEE Heat Desired es S AUTOMATIC EVEN, HEALTHFUL HEAT WITH REDUCED COAL _ BILLS This Heat Regulator is easily applied to all Hot Water, Steam. ~ Hot Air or Natural Gas Heaters. It is guaranteed for 10 years and sold on merits. Thousands in use ?5 years and still working. Cannot give out with reasonable care. Saves runn?ng up and down stairs. Prevents accidents by-fires. Cannot forget the dampers and Cannot Run Down and Leave Front Draft Damper Open. This feature is strongly covered by letters patent and is positively not found in any other Thermostat. Coal saved pays for Regulator; therefore, it costs you nothing. Always the best. Thirty Days’ Free Trial. Catalogue Free. A delay may mean the loss of your house by Gre. Write the Manufacturers HOWARD THERMOSTAT CO., 23 West Ist St., Oswego, N. Y. TILING The tiled floor and wall is beautiful, sanitary, economical and lasts forever. Itis water-proof, germ-proof, vermin~ proof and fire-proof. It does not need to be painted, polished, oiled or repaired. It cannot be stained or scratched. All dirt spattered upon it can be removed as easily as from a dinner plate. It is a great avin of domestic labor. The bath-room, kitchen and vesti- bule should always be tiled. Tiling is also appropriate in the hall and dining-room and on the porch floor. Fori interesting and instructive book- lets on tiling, write The Information Bureau of the [tre INDusTRY 300 Corcoran Building, Washington, D. C. EN’S AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year “SHORELANDS”’: Marble Statues at the Base of the Steps to the Sunken Garden MonTHLY COMMENT : NoTABLE AMERICAN Homes—“‘Shorelands,”’ the Seaside Villa of Henry Seligman, Fsq., Elberon, New Jersey By Barr Ferree RAISING GRAPES FOR THE SUBURBAN HOME By E. P. Powell Tue CULTURE OF THE WHITE LILAC By W. G. Fitz-Gerald CHRYSANTHEMUM UMBRELLAS AN ARCHITECT’S SUMMER HoME: The House of Austin W. Lord, Esq., Water Witch, New By Annie Tolebate How To ARRANGE WINbDow CuRTAINS By Ada Walker Camehl STREET ENTRANCES By Helen Lukens Gaut THE ROMANCE OF OLD TEAKWOOD By Mary H. Northend RESIDENCE OF MAXWELL WYETH, Esq., AT ROSEMONT, PENNSYLVANIA. By Francis Durando Nichols Home DELICACIES FOR THE SICK By Mabel Tuke Priestman RESIDENCE OF WILLIAM F. May, Esa., NEWTON CENTER, MASSACHUSETTS. By Walter Welch THE WINTER GARDEN By Eben E. Rexford The Preparation of Currant Juice and Marmalade Garden Notes for December Planning the Garden New Books Combined Rate for "American Homes and Gardens" and "Scientific American," $5.00 per year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to foreign countries, $4.00 a year Rate of Subscription of "American Homes and Gardens" to Canada $3.50 a year Published Monthly by Munn & Company, Office of the "Scientific American," 361 Broadway, New York CHARLES ALLEN MUNN, President - - - - FREDERICK CONVERSE BEACH, Secretary and Treasurer 361 Broadway, New York 361 Broadway, New York [Copyright, 1907, by Munn & Company. Registered in U.S. Patent Office. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. | Stamps should in all cases be inclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. Marble Statues at the Base of the Steps to the Sunken Garden “ Shorelands ” AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 1907 Number 12 9 Volume IV | Jecember See a Oe PELE) ile " if NTL SS ‘Is Very ¢ we “ Shorelands”°—The Wings Form an Open Court at the Entrance Front Where the Solid White of the House Agreeably Relieved by Plants and Flowers 444 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 Monthly Comment Gx) HE very newest things in hotels—the mod- \ceseye ern American hotel, if you please, which NSBR leads in so many things—relates to its exterior. For years the American public has been trained to look for the utmost development in comfort and luxury in the mammoth caravansaries which are alike the wonder of the people who frequent them and the source of colossal fortunes to their proprietors. But this develop- ment, this comfort and luxury has, until now, been chiefly confined to the hotel interior. Now, however, a new kind of outside utilization has been found with charming possibilities of future growth. And it relates to the roof; not a new kind of roof, nor a strange new shape; not a new roofing material, but nothing more nor less than an Adirondack camp in the very heart of a great city, and perched upon the apex of the roof of a great modern hotel! There is progress for you, and thrift and novelty! Surely nothing more remains than auto- balloons—if that be the correct name for these new-fangled things that swim through the air—to enable one to sleep nearer the clouds than convention and appliances have hith- erto permitted. Yet the most remarkable thing in connection with this new idea remains to be told, for this marvelous roof- camp has been established and put in operation in no less a place than the good city of Philadelphia! And there are some people who think the Pennsylvania metropolis is slow! EF AW WR Gea THE creation of the thing is so easy it is a wonder no one ever thought of it before. All that is needed: is a few trees and some tents. ‘The trees are stood around in tubs and boxes in such a way that, if they do not actually suggest a forest, it is at least thoroughly apparent they are trees. Then as much of the remaining space as possible is filled with tents —real tents—the simplest kind of furniture is installed, and nothing more remains to be done than to secure the neces- sary sleepers and collect their bills the next morning. It is simply too easy for anything. But what are the hotel men going to do with their expensive heating plants once they have accustomed their patrons to the new outdoor quarters? NEw ideas frequently find a space in the public press to which they are not entitled by their actual merit. It is a singular feature of modern journalism that anything the least out of the way is given space, while nothing is ever heard of the quiet orderly affairs with which most people are concerned. This condition is doubtless due—the suggestion is made with some difidence—to the young and tender age of the modern reporter. This very youthful person—who, as likely as not, is wearied of life before he has really begun it —seemingly thinks that anything that smacks of novelty must have real merit if for no other reason than that he himself has not heard of it. It is difficult to account on other grounds for the notoriety given to the New Jersey father who thinks he has discovered a new way to bring up his family. Perhaps he has. LIKE the Adirondack camp on the hotel roof the thing is simplicity itself once you know how to do it. For this gen- tleman has done nothing less than build a bungalow adjacent to his house and turned his family of half a dozen boys out into it to live their life! Beautiful, isn’t it, and so amply buttressed with common sense, with parental love, with fatherly guidance and care, with taste and good behavior, with all the things that go, or ought to go, to make home life good and true and ennobling? Just look around you and think what would happen if any six boys you know were to be camped out in a house of their own to take care of and to grow up in! It is certainly sad to think of a father who can’t keep his own boys in his own house. THE charges for professional services are a constant source of annoyance and misunderstanding on the part of the persons called upon to pay such bills. The person rendering the bill never has the smallest doubt as to its righteousness, and if he is permeated by any qualms it is because the very largest amount he summons up sufficient courage to put down is, after all—in his opinion—much too small for the work done or the value of the services rendered. Architects, for many years, have sought to adjust any differences that might arise from their charges by the adoption of a uniform per- centage scale. It is a system that has many drawbacks. If the building is very large, the cost running up into the millions, the architect receives a fee that he himself re- gards as excessive; else why a running reducing scale when the cost is enormous? On the other hand, if the cost of the building is small, the actual amount to be received by the architect is so very insignificant that he has no financial in- ducement to do the best he can. And every one, of course, knows how very stimulating a substantial financial emolu- ment is to excellence of service. ExrrA charges for work other than the mere planning, designing and superintendence come, therefore, to the rescue of the architect. Being honorable men they never overcharge, thus being easily in a wholly different class from the butcher and grocer, who are never disturbed by any little mistake they may make in that direction. Moreover, the architect is buttressed, fenced in and supported by a printed schedule of charges, approved, decreed and commanded by the loftiest organization of his noble profession, specifying and requir- ing just such charges as he has put into his little bill. All these matters, moreover, are established by custom, which in such cases has quite the force of law. There is really noth- ing to do but to pay the architect what he asks, and that which he shows is established by the laws and customs of his profession, business or art, according as he or his client may view his occupation. THE ingenious architect may sometimes work in an extra charge that no one has previously thought of. The person who does so is a real benefit to his profession and is entitled to a monument as high as that which adorns Bunker Hill. Some such structure must surely be erected to the genius who, among other charges, put in a substantial sum for a quartette of musicians! It is easier to imagine than to put down in print the various sounds, expressions and exclamations that must have been emitted from the client’s mouth when this delectable item struck his eye. And it is quite as easy to imagine the cyclonic wrath with which an explanation was demanded. But the ingenious mind that had thought up this charge was equal to the emergency and was ready with the reply. It could not have been otherwise, seeing he was an architect and concerned with the creation of ingenious devices and arrangements. He put on his most polished manner—a covering easily worth ten per cent. extra—and blandly pointed out to his outraged employer that he had indeed hired a quartette of musicians in connection with the new house, and that it was to test its acoustic properties! December, 1907 Bragyos AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Notable American Homes 445 By Barr Ferree “ SHORELANDS,” the Seaside Villa of Henry Seligman, Esq., Elberon, New Jersey SEASIDE property which is bounded on one end by the principal driveway of its town, and on the other by the Atlantic Ocean, and contains within it vegetable and flower gardens, lawns and tennis courts, a lodge, stable and bathing pavilion, while the mansion itself is amply secluded within spacious stretches of grass, possesses some elements of novelty and many properties that lend themselves to delightful and charming treatment. Such at least are the salient features which Mr. Seligman’s house, designed by Mr. C. P. H. Gil- bert, architect, of New York, at Elberon immediately offers to the visitor. The roads limits of the place are defined by chains, fas- tened to posts of interesting design, with two lofty columns at the driveway, surmounted by globe-lights. To the left is the lodge, a pleasant two-story, flat-roofed structure with wings of one story. The space between it and the entrance drive- way is filled by a lovely garden of the gayest-blooming flow- ers. On the right is the stable, a structure whose identity is at once proclaimed by its central covered court, but which, being designed in harmony with the other buildings on the property, has, save for this feature, little of the outward characteristics of such buildings. Both structures, as well as the house, are of wood, painted white, with blinds of Indian red. The grounds are beautifully hedged here, and within them is the vegetable garden, arranged in blocks and groups, and having a true ornamental character of its own. The land The Sunken Garden Lies Below Brick Walls Surmounted with a Handsome Balustrade 446 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 A Pair of Doric Columns Marks the Entrance to the Grounds beyond stretches away in ample lawns to the house, which, while by no means situated at the furthest extremity of the property, is located at a considerable distance from the outer highway. A splendid curve brings the carriage directly before the en- trance portico. ‘The house is H-shaped, with a central body and wings at either end, projected on the entrance front. Across the middle is a covered porch, with a projected center, and which at each end is connected with the terraces that are carried all around the house. These terraces, on the entrance front, have their own separate steps. At the base of one are carved sphynxes of marble; at the base of the other are up- right lions supporting shields. ‘The house is two stories in height, with an attic so boldly developed as to have the real architectural character of a third story. Directly in the center is a roof garden, surmounted with a pergola, supported on the front by elaborately carved gaines. The windows are everywhere rectangular in design, with simple frames; those on the ends of the wings are doubled; those elsewhere are single. At each end of each wing, on the entrance front, is The House Is of Wood Painted White, with Shutters of Indian Red, and Is Abundantly Porched on All Sides December, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 447 Only the Central Court-like Recess Makes Known the Stable a doorway, instead of a window, which admits to a side porch contained within the outer lines of the house. . Both entrance porch and terraces are inclosed within paneled rail- ings, which are repeated above the porch, where they inclose a terrace at the level of the second floor. The brick base of the building is hidden behind a low-growing hedge, while further relief is found in an abundance of bay trees and pots and jars of foliage and flowering plants and gaily planted boxes standing on the terrace steps and above the porch. One can not look for trees so close to the shore, and relief from the sun is obtained by awnings attached to the porch. A great double door, completely glazed and with side The Lodge Is a Pleasant T'wo-story Structure December, 1907 n Zz tx] fa) ~ < 0 fal Z < n aa = O an Zz < O or aa = < At Each End Is an Arcade of Elliptical Arches Above which Is a Plain White Frieze. ’ in Oak Paneled The Spacious Hall Is in the Dutch Style, Is Oak and Blue The Dining-room, Designed December, 1907 ST TT RE ey ee The Billiard Room Is Paneled in Green, with Rough Plastered Walls windows which extend to the floor, admits to the central hall. This is a spacious apartment opening onto the ocean side of the house. At each end is an arcade formed of low elliptical arches, of which the middle one is much the widest, sup- ported on wood columns. A high wainscot of paneled oak is carried completely around the room; the upper wall is finished with a plain white surface. The ceiling is white and beamed, with large panels. The mantel is under thewancade to the left.. It has brick facings within oak columns supporting a frieze, telow which is a relief. On the right the entire wall is filled with a series of glazed doors, curtained, separating the hall from the dining- room. There are handsome Oriental rugs on the hard- wood floor. The curtains at the windows are red damask, and the furniture, for the most part, is covered with red leather and velvet. The stairs to the upper story rise on the entrance front and are carried across the en- trance doorway by the plat- form: adhe walls’ “of ~ the upper hall are covered with a diapered pattern. On the left of the hall is a passage that leads to the li- brary, situated in the furthest wing of the house and on the entrance front. It is charm- ingly furnished in the Mis- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 4.49 sion style. The prevailing color is green; the hardwood floor, the rug, the wainscot, the upper walls, the wood of the furniture, the velvet cur- tains at the windows, the beams and panels of the ceil- ing, are all in beautifully harmonized shades of green. The chairs are covered with a reddish brown leather; the Wainscot supports a_ shelf, and a handsome copper elec- tric chandelier depends from the center of the ceiling. Behind this room, but not connected with it, being en- tered by a separate door from the hall, is the drawing- room. ‘This is a sumptuous apartment in pink and white, very beautifully developed. The walls have a low wain- scot of wood, painted white, and picked out with bands of green. Above they are cov- ered with white watered-silk paper, with the same green bands in the corners and mar- gins, thus forming large panel-like divisions. The cornice is white and richly detailed, and the ceiling is without ornamentation. The wood mantel has facings and hearth of light mottled buff Roman brick. The color of the room is supplied by the rug, the furniture and the curtains. The rug is in two shades of pink. The curtains are of white net with applique borders of pink flowers and green leaves. The furniture is covered The Library Is a Mission Room in Various Tones of Green 450 with white velvet decorated with a similar pattern in green and pink; a curtain of the same fabric hangs over the en- trance doorway. The grand piano, in one corner, has an exquisite cover of light-colored brocade. There are some fine pieces of old furniture in the room, which is lighted by side lights. The dining-room is on the opposite side of the hall, and overlooks the ocean; it has windows on three sides, two of which directly face the water. It is beautifully designed in the Dutch style. The color scheme is blue and white. The walls are incased with a high paneling in natural oak, which reaches to the tops of the doors; it carries a shelf on which AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 secting circles, the whole being crowned with a shelf. There are numerous pictures above, chiefly hunting scenes. The plain cornice corresponds to the wood used below. ‘The ceiling is plain, with three central lights depending from the center over the table. The floor is stained green. ‘The fur- niture is of oak, covered with green leather. The buff win- dow curtains have bands of green with billiard ornaments on the lambrequins. On the south side of the house is a portico in two stories; a long flight of steps descends from this to the sunken gar- den which has been built on this side. It is also reached by steps from the entrance and ocean front, and is a true sunken The Drawing-room Is Pink and White : the Furniture Includes Some Fine Old Pieces of Great Variety are placed a number of blue and white pieces of pottery, a couple of fine Wedgwood plaques, a Della Robbia relief, and other ornaments. All these stand in relief against the frieze of plain pale blue. The ceiling is beamed, with panels of light blue. There is a blue and white rug on the hard- wood floor, and the oak furniture has covers of blue leather. The mantel, which supports a paneled overmantel, has fac- ings of dark buff Roman brick. The side of the room which adjoins the hall is, as has been stated, completely filled with glazed doors, over which are blue and white curtains. The curtains at the windows are of blue velvet. The billiard-room is in the same wing on the front of the house. The walls have a wainscot of green stained oak in upright boards; above are panels of rough plaster with inter- garden, contained within bricked walls, surmounted by a paneled balustrade. Marble statues stand at the base of each of the side steps. There is a fine old well head in the center, and the surrounding space is laid out with panels of grass and borders of flowers. The walls are covered with vines and partly screened with hedges. While the house sets well back in its surrounding land, it is still a considerable distance from the ocean. The ocean front has a long porch, below which is the tennis court. The buildings are completed with the bathing pavilion, which is designed in harmony with the other structures and which is directly in the center on the extreme ocean edge. It is a gracious two-story structure, with an upper belvedere, or ob- servatory, a fine outlook pleasantly arranged. December, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 451 Raising Grapes for the Suburban Home By E. P. Powell cozy country homesteads, the grape should never be. It can always find a place, and is not at all particular about ground room. You can set a vine into a rockery or into a crevice among rocks. A fine lot of Con- cords or of Niagaras can be grown on an elm tree or over a hen house. Every barn should be covered with grape vines, and it is an extra good place for them. They will do no harm on the house, although that is what some people suppose. Fasten wires on your buildings with staples or around nails, and tie the grape vines to these wires as they clamber up. The foliage will not only do no damage, but will preserve the paint. As for creating dampness in- doors, that is all humbug. An ivy clinging to the boards of a wooden house may work mischief, but a grape vine fastened to wires is in all ways a benefit. The grape is one of the oldest fruits mentioned in history. The Bible ranks it with milk and honey as essentials of a perfect home life. ‘That is about the truth of it; for one may live on these three foods, especially when other fruits can be added and garden vegetables. Like the peach and the pear, the grape seems to have originated somewhere in east- ern or central Asia, and to have moved westward; while other varieties were native to this continent. It is one of the few things that has never learned how to create a trunk, but always has climbed upon other vegetation. Where the superb grapes of our hothouse culture started is hard to de- termine; but we can grow these delicious sorts out doors in Florida. They like the warm dry soil, and thrive wonder- fully. Scions inserted in the Scuppernong grow ten feet in a season, while cuttings start quickly, as well as seedlings. Before long we shall have originated a new and wonderful race of grapes, possibly hardy as far north as the Ohio River. Our native grapes are of a half dozen general classifica- tions. ‘The Concord, and grapes of that sort, have come from Vitis labrusca, which is common all over New Eng- land. Worden and Moore’s Early are two of the very best for general culture, and are both brothers of the Concord. The very best grapes for general culture are crosses of our native sorts with European. There are half a hundred of the Rogers hybrids, and a lot more of the Rickets seedlings, only the most of the latter are not hardy north of New York. The grandest work done lately is by Mr. Munson, of Texas. There is a presumption abroad that grapes originat- ing in the Southern States will not prove hardy in the North- ern. This is not true, for I find Brilliant, Headlight, Wapa- nuka, and several more of Mr. Munson’s superb produc- tions are all right when growing in the same vineyard with Mr. Moore’s Diamond and Mr. Hoag’s Niagara. While the suburban home may grow bushels and bushels of grapes all over its buildings, its fences, and its stone heaps, if there be room enough it will still pay to have a small vineyard, because a very small family can use up profit- ably at least a ton of grapes each year. I would place the vineyard right along side the orchard or the small fruit garden, and run the trellises north and south, if possible. These trellises may profitably be about half as far apart as the apple rows. ‘Then between the trellises you may grow rows of gooseberries or currants. ‘These will not mind a modicum of shade. At all events have the little vineyard so arranged that you can work it with a horse—only be sure that you do not use tools that rip up the grape roots. Good stout feeding will keep these roots pretty well in line with the trellises, and the spreading roots can stand a little abra- sion. I prefer to only cultivate among the currants and gooseberries, and have a heavy mulch for the grape vines. A man can very rapidly turn this mulch over and work out the weeds once or twice in the year. I grow over a hundred varieties of grapes, but I do not recommend anything of the sort to one who is planting a country home. If you have room for a dozen varieties, take Herbert, Worden, and Moore’s Early for black; Agawam, Brighton, Lindley, and Goertner for red; Niagara, Dia- mond, Hayes for white. Then I find it difficult to omit from my own list Barry and Mills for black; Iona, a most perfect grape, that must be covered winters; Duchess, an- other delicious white variety, which also needs covering, and Goethe, one of Rogers’ hybrids that needs petting. Lady I should place almost at the head of the list, as ideal in quality, only that with me it will not give satisfactory crops. In this list of select varieties we have to bear in mind that some of them will not self-pollenize, that is, they must be planted alternately with other sorts. Brighton, if grown by itself, is absolutely barren; Lindley and Herbert are not much better. Moore’s Early is one of the most admirable home grapes that I have yet discovered. It does not bear heavily when young, but is as hardy as a fence post, and gives splen- did crops later. Hayes is another ideal home grape. Not much known, it is delicious in quality, bears very heavily, in color is white, and is not very seedy. Massasoit should go in the list only that it is very subject to black rot. If you must limit your planting to about four or five varieties, take Hayes for early, followed by Brighton, fol- lowed by Niagara and Worden, while Herbert and Goert- ner will fill up later autumn. If you must come still closer to a single variety, take Moore, Niagara, Worden, and Her- bert. You will notice that I have left out Mr. Munson’s new cross-breds. I recommend, however, that every one write for his catalogue, and test a few of his hardier sorts. I am myself particularly fond of Duchess, because it is so near seedless, but it is very tender, and will prove unsatis- factory. A first rate table grape is Eumelan; and Pockling- ton, a seedling of the Concord, is one of the hardiest, most vigorous, and productive grapes in the whole list, and should be planted by everybody who lives south of the New York line. Campbell’s Early is a fine thing, but not in my judg- ment equal to Moore’s Early. Delaware is a frail grower, and not suitable for people who are liable in any way to neglect their vines. I have just planted McKinley, and it bids fair to be one of the best. Grapes will do fairly well under neglect, but it is far bet- ter to trim them back to two or three eyes, each fall, and lay them down for the winter. The best trellis’ for a common garden is a row of posts, about twenty-five or thirty feet apart, to which you hitch wires, three in number, by staples. Tie the vines to these wires in as home-like a way as you please. If you are willing to pay some special attention to your grape crop, I advise you to learn some method of sys- tematic trimming and training. You can find out more about this in my book on ‘The Orchard and Fruit Garden,” or in the ‘Cyclopedia of Horticulture.””, Mr. Munson’s method is original with him, and exceedingly good. You can learn the gist of it from his catalogue, issued from Dennison, Texas. At any rate plant grapes, even when you find a spot on a steep hillside or among rocks, where nothing else will grow. 452 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 The Culture of the White Lilac By W. G. Fitz-Gerald MIRACLE almost as wonderful as that of Aaron’s rod, which “brought forth buds and bloomed blossoms,” is wrought every year in fair France, the home of hosts of dainty things. Everyone will remember the vast open-air flower farms of Provence, especially at Grasse, near Cannes. Here millions of pounds of roses, violets and lilies are converted into essential oils for the world’s perfume. But France also does an immense traffic in costly cut blooms, which make beautiful all the homes of northern Europe when winter’s hand has laid the garden flowers aside. In fact, the day when berry and bough were the principal home decorations in winter seems to be gone forever. Even the exquisite white lilac is forced to perfection in less than three weeks by a marvel of scientific gardening, and that from dried rods that look like worthless brushwood, fit only for the fire. Many people in London and Paris think that these masses of exquisite blossoms come from the sunny South, where they have blown and thriven in a warm and generous soil kissed by the sun of genial Provence. But nothing could be further from the fact. It is the neighborhood of Paris itself, with a winter climate little better than London’s own, that supplies most of the white lilac used in Europe. And it is beneath the dull cold skies that threaten Vitry-sur-Seine and Fontenay-les-Roses that the Arranging the Blooms for Shipment to the Cities 5 ’ i Vhs ct Fa Be ing-room Planting in the Fore Selecting Lilac Rods in the Store House for n Zi fx] (a) ~ < .) (el Z, < n ca) = © Ae: Zz < 8) ~ t1] = < Planting the Twigs in the Forcing House, which Is Kept at an Even Temperature of Ninety-five Degrees December, 1907 Gathering the Forced Lilac in the Hothouse most beautiful sprays of white lilac are grown. ‘This part of the Seine Valley, by the way, is singularly little known to Paris visitors. Artists know and love it though, for in its heart is the quaint resort known as ‘‘Robinson,” where there is an entire village of restaurants and aerial bowers perched high among the giant limbs of vast elms and chestnuts. Visitors to Vitry will notice that a huge area of the Seine Valley hereabouts is given up to the open-air cultivation of lilac. Not many people are aware, by the way, that this beautiful shrub was originally brought to us from Persia, a land famous for its flowers for many ages. ‘The lilac has become quite acclimatized both in America and in Europe; but it will surprise many to learn that the white winter variety is not grown out of doors at all, but that the lovely fragile blossoms are produced in winter by forcing meth- ods, and that from a lilac whose natural hue is mauve and purple. ‘Che blossom becomes white by reason of the treatment the plant receives. All through the hot summer months the gardeners at Vitry, Fontenay-les-Roses and round about Sceaux are busy examining the lilac trees and pulling up from the family group such rods as have attained an age of from five to nine years, and are therefore considered the most promising for forcing. And on one side of the vast lilac groves are big sheds which soon come to be packed from floor to ceiling with what look like bundles of dried twigs, only fit for the furnace. But close investigation will show that the root of each little rod is deftly wrapped in a scrap of Mother Earth’s brown apron, and so the insignificant sticks are put to sleep until the winter follows the gusty autumn. ‘Then the magical touch wakens them into a miracle of life. The long slender rods are now carried into the forcing houses, where the wonder is to take place. Far-stretching vistas of glass are these, divided on each side into twenty or thirty cubicles. Here the dry sticks are planted close together in rows in rich soil not more than eighteen inches deep. Is it possible, one asks, that within three weeks the “miracle of Aaron’s rod” will have been wrought on these barren twigs? Doors and windows are forthwith AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 hermetically closed and the heating process then begins. Each cubicle is maintained at an even temperature of ninety-five degrees Fahrenheit; and so persuasive is this treatment, in addition to constant and most careful water- ing, that in only a few days the smooth rod is literally bursting into bud. Extreme precociousness is not encour- aged, however, and only a few privileged buds at the ends of the twigs are allowed to complete their destiny. All the hopes and dreams of the luxuriant shrub, which during its six or seven years of life have been so often set high on the happy moment of flowering, are now wrapped up in these few buds, which the inexorable gardeners de- cide to spare. And as though fearful of another check, another cruel failure, the sapling sends its nutriment up- ward with such force in the supreme effort at flowering that one can almost see the rod breaking into leaf and blossom before one’s very eyes. Surely here is a bud like a tiny bead, where but a mo- ment ago was nothing but the bark of the dried twig! And there is a tiny leaflet peeping forth as though by magic! Almost as we watch these evidences of life un- fold, and each snowflake calls upon her sisters until a tall and showy pyramid of fragrant blossom stands proudly erect before us. Perhaps now, in the joy of her perfection, the lilac will forgive the stern repression of her tender buds. ‘That she will forget, too, how she was condemned to grow in total darkness until the first appearance of her flower petals, so as to ensure an exquisite snowy blossom. Light is given at length only to prevent the flowers from taking on a yellowish waxen tinge, and also that they may gather health and strength. Surely, you will say, these marvelous rods have wrought a miracle, and done well for their masters! Alas, they get little gratitude in return. These lilac plants are doomed to the shortest of careers. No sooner have the lovely and delli- cate sprays been gathered than the hundreds of rods that have grown so vigorously in each cubicle are ruthlessly dragged up, and their brief season of usefulness over, they are cast into the furnace to supply heat for their successors. Trimming and Cutting off Useless Buds December, 1907 AVERT C AN GEO MES ANID GARDENS 455 This strangely forced white lilac, then, blossoms only to die. Each cubicle in the forcing house furnishes nearly a thousand superb sprays of white lilac, only four or five buds being permitted on each rod. The blossoms are cut with the greatest care late in the evening, and then placed without a moment’s delay in a very cool cellar, in specially made troughs filled with water. Here they are left until the very last moment, when deft-fingered girls collect the sprays into dozens and stick them in big cushions of straw, which with the base of the stems are covered with wall-flower foliage. . And then, with the swiftness so necessary in this trade, the “miraculous” blooms are put on board express trains and steamers for Paris, London, Berlin, Vienna, and even far- off St. Petersburg and Moscow. Little Vitry alone will bring to perfection 125,000 plants during the season, and hundreds of acres are required for the industry and also for the growing of the wall-flower foliage that goes with the sprays. Of these latter three or four thousand may be gathered in a single day, and at Christmas time as much as five dollars will be paid for a single drooping snow-white spear. : Nor does the demand slacken with the spring. ‘True, the natural lilac, with its more robust coloring, then begins to flaunt its charms; but both florists and public know that the forced variety can be counted upon to the hour, and fears neither storm nor frost. A limited quantity of both mauve and purple lilac is also produced from these ‘magic rods’’; but the fastidious in the great European capitals prefer the snow-white blossom, especially for wedding decorations. Chrysanthemum Umbrellas wa) HORTICULTURIST | of the Pyrenees has invented a_ curiously formed thatched pro- tection or umbrella which is supposed to protect chrysanthemums from frost. Chantrier, the horticulturist in question, claims that he obtains particularly large and handsome flowers by reason of these covers. It may be that similar devices may prove of service to the chrysanthe- mum growers of this country. At all events, his scheme is so cheap that it seems well worth trying. 456 An Architect's AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 Summer Home The House of Austin W. Lord, Esq., Water Witch, New Jersey By Annie Tolebate (GNER® HE summer home of Mr. Lord, at Water Witch, N. J., is beautifully situated in a great rugged park which is embraced in Water Witch, and while its facade faces a smooth plateau containing a well laid out tennis court, the rear or living side of the house rests on a side of a receding hill, thereby permitting an unobstructed view of the lower New York Bay. The house is built in a simple manner, and hence is so at- blinds are painted white. The roof, covered with shingles, is also left to weather finish. The interior of the house is unique and has many struc- tural features. The plan shows an elongated type, with the entrance at the front and the living-porch at the rear, access to which is obtained by French windows from the living and dining-rooms. The entrance is into a vestibule, from which a short flight of steps leads to the living-room. ‘The stairs to the second floor rise out of the latter room, and have a white painted ke Ss The House Is Covered with Split Shingles tractive and delightful; for there has been no attempt to ornament it. It lies close to the ground, resting on a low brick underpinning. ‘The superstructure is covered with split shingles laid with double butts and ten inches to the weather. This shingle work is finished natural, while the a | ENTRANCE PORCH B 4 LH LE} ie Na DINING = ROOM 22} =a LIVING ROOM +4 { ' re) bebe he Sa a = eee Se SLE 1 1 + 3 v Pr tr ard balustrade with a mahogany rail. The trim of the hall and living-room is treated with ivory-white paint, while the walls are tinted an old rose tone. The open fireplace has Welsh tile facings and hearth, and a mantel of Co- The room is charmingly furnished, for it lonial style. XM BEDROOM OLFCOND fLoor. December, 1907 contains some very good pieces of an- tique furniture of the Colonial period. The dining-room has a white painted Eiiime ana oi, ee 1 tinted walls. The fireplace is built of brick and the man- tel is of Colonial style. French win- dows open onto the piazza, one corner of which is used in warm weather for a dining-room. The butler’s pan- try is fitted with drawers, dressers and butler’s sink. ahve “kitchen “a n.d laundry are trimmed with yellow pine, finished natural, and each is fitted up complete. iihere are five bedrooms and two bathrooms on the second floor, the latter being fur- nished with porce- lain fixtures and ex- posed _ nickelplated plumbing. The trim of the entire floor is painted white, and the walls are tinted in one tone for each room. sthevescrvyvanits rooms and storage space is provided on the third floor. A cemented cellar under the entire house contains a furnace, fuel room and storage space. Messrs. Lord & Hewlett, of New York City, were the architects of this pleasing house. AMERICAN HOMES A Small Porch Suffices for the Entrance AND GARDENS 457 This fact in itself at once discloses a special interest in this house, for the dwelling built by an architect for his personal use invari- ably has a_ special attractiveness to the observer of houses. And why not? That houses. are imper- fect and selidom what they ought to be is a circumstance known to all women and even to a few men. It is needless to inquire into the reason for this; it simply remains as a fact patent, prac- tically, to every one. But when the ar- chitect starts in to build his own house the very minimum of error and incon- venience is to be looked for. If ever a person who builds a house knows houses it is the ar- chitect, and it is quite natural to con- clude that there will be little to criticize in the house he has built for himself. This is very ob- viously true of the charming house Mr. Lord has built for his own use at Water Witch. The employment of simplicity as the keynote of the design is masterly, for nothing could be simpler, nothing more re- strained, nothing quieter. And the result is satisfying. How to Arrange Window Curtains By Ada Walker Camehl 3 WINDOW should be treated with careful thought and consideration. When you have arranged a shade so as to regulate the light and to insure privacy, and have draped a pair of white curtains over a pole in a more ) or less graceful fashion, do not content your- ~ self with the idea that all decorative possi- bilities of window furnishing have been exhausted. Win- dows present one of the most difficult problems to the home- builder—as well as one of the most interesting; for the power of window treatment for adding to or detracting from the charm of a room is manifold. In the first place the furnisher must decide which of two plans she wishes to follow: whether to treat the window as a wall decoration, so arranged as to shut out prying eyes or a disagreeable outlook, and still furnish light for the room; or whether to bring into the room a beautiful landscape or tree or bit of lawn, and to let the window serve as a frame for the outdoor picture. The first plan admits of two treatments: first, that in which the problem is to secure privacy in a room which looks di- rectly upon the walls or windows of a nearby house; second, that in which the outlook is from a high apartment upon ugly chimneys and roofs. If your window opens upon a bare, uninteresting wall, hang dainty net of muslin curtains next to the panes so that they fall in graceful fulness. These may be edged with lace or a ruffle, but simple, plain net is always in good taste. “To my mind nothing is prettier for inside curtains than ruffled point d’esprit. Hang these upon a small brass rod or upon picture wire, if economy is to be considered, and leave a narrow heading of the curtains above the rod. ‘These curtains may hang straight, or they may be 458 The Stairs in Mr. Lord’s House Rise from the Living-room draped back with washable cords, so as to present a pleasing appearance from the street. Over these suspend, from a small brass rod, thin silk or silkoline curtains of a color which harmonizes with the colors in the room—yellow, pale green, or pink silk makes effective screens and gives a pleas- ant light. Yellow gives the effect of sunlight, and should be used in a north room. ‘These silk curtains may be drawn apart when more light is required. From the large rod drape curtains of heavier stuff—cretonnes, chintzes, or denims—any wash material, if for a bedroom; heavy silks, brocades, or any rich hangings, if for living-room, reception-room, or library. Hang these at the outer edges of the inner curtains, either in straight folds or draped over curtain knobs of antique design. The brass or opalescent knobs of our ancestors, when obtainable, are serviceable and beautiful. If the problem is to treat a window of an upper apart- ment where the securing of privacy is not so essential as the screening from view of neighboring roofs and chim- neys, a pretty way is to cross the curtains next to the panes and loop them high on either side, so as to form a straight line of drapery across the upper part of the window. Then arrange pots of grow- ing plants and ivies across the sill and train them to within twelve or more inches of the upper curtain. The result from the interior of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 the room will be a charming view of sky framed by the curtain and the hedge of growing green. Plants are always beautiful in windows. Leigh Hunt expressed the opinion of many when he said: ‘“‘Why does not every one who can afford it have a geranium in the window, or some other flower?” If the plan of framing a piece of landscape is to be adopted, omit the curtains next to the panes and hang straight white or cream col- ored curtains on the rod just inside of the heavier drape- ries, and draw these apart to admit the outer view. Curtains cut Morris fashion may also be used in this way. This means that two pieces of curtain are hung from either side with a ruffle run- ning along the top, thus making a frame for the view outside. Too much trimming in the way of ruffles and lace, however, should be avoided. Heavy draperies are not always used, but in the average house they add greatly, not only by con- cealing the commonplace woodwork and the straight outer edge of the white curtains, but also by repeating the color scheme of the room; for care should always be taken to choose material for them of a color which harmonizes with the woodwork and with the wall covering. The heavy wooden cornices which were in vogue in the early eighties are not considered in good taste to-day. Quiet Simplicity Characterizes the Interior December, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 459 Street Entrances By Helen Lukens Gaut EATED at a table spread with fine linen, silver and cut glass your anticipations of a good dinner are greater than if seated at a board covered with oilcloth and littered with tinware. In the same fashion your expectations of wonderful things to come are lashed into high speed when your car- riage whirls between two splendid monuments that mark the approach to the dwelling for which you are bound; whereas, on the other hand, if you must get out in the dusty road to let down the bars of an old board fence, ruining the shine A Simple Wall Can Effectively Retain Lawns and Flower Beds of your boots by doing so, your hopes of hospitality and re- finement beyond the boundary are weighted with suspicion. Yet it is truth that the oilcloth covered table with its tin dishes is invariably loaded with good, wholesome, hearty victuals, the kind that give man the comfortable, pleasant assurance of a “‘square meal,’ a pleasurable sensation he is usually stranger to when nibbling this and that delicacy while partaking of a ‘‘cut-glass” dinner. ‘Then, too, beyond the bars of the old board fence one usually finds the apple orchard with its blushing fruit, the arbor with restful shade, and a host with the soul of a man, whose hand grasps that of his visitor with honest sincerity. After all, it is simplicity, whether in the serving of a potato or the serving of hospi- tality, that makes the best impression, that paints the most beautiful and lasting pictures in our gallery of memories. There is, in simplicity, the eloquence of God, while the grandeur of man’s making seems always shouting and blow- ing self-congratulatory trumpets. Sometimes the builder of a simple home on a fifty-foot city lot, lacking a sense of harmony, and wishing to punctuate his place of residence with aristocratic emphasis, erects huge monuments of stone on either side of his street entrance. The combination is as far-fetched as that of a diamond tierra with a calico gown. You feel as if someone is trying to deceive you. There is something hypocritical in the arrangement. The cottage home with approach marked by simple quaint affairs of timberwork, an arch perhaps, or a roofed entrance gate overhung with trailing vines, is an honest bit of civiliza- tion. It means just what it indicates, just coziness and com- fort. These roofed entrance gates are especially attractive, and are of inexpensive and easy construction. ‘hey appear best when made of rustic or unplaned lumber. A rustic gate under the narrow roof gives picturesqueness, but where there is much going in and out a gate is a nuis- ance to open and shut. The roofed entranceway shown in one of the illustrations is a pleasing style, and appro- priate for marking a drive- way leading to a cottage or bungalow. If the lot is narrow, this driveway, be- cause of the space required for the dwelling, is neces- sarily relegated to one side of the lot. A wall of lattice, covered with climbing ge- raniums, honeysuckles or roses, to hedge the garden across the front and connect with the roofed entrance gate, gives a happy effect, and if the wall is high enough, affords the owner the privacy of his garden, where he may sit in his shirt sleeves and _ peace, smoke his pipe and read his newspaper, without being the eye-target for passers-by. Neither can he see the tireless fish wagons, sprinkling carts and ambulances as they hurry by in procession. By closing his ears to the noises of traffic, he can, without over-exertion of the imagination, believe himself in the glad country, for behind his garden wall flowers bloom riotously, and birds Hock down from the sun-scorched church spires to sing their chorals, finding inspiration for their music in God’s hymnals, the blossoms and green leaves. A small cottage located on a city lot can be appropriately and comfortably walled from the street by a high, neatly trimmed cypress hedge, the entrance-way being accentuated by square evergreen monuments, or any other shape desired, for that matter, for by frequent use of the pruning shears and a little ingenuity, the cypress may be induced to take on any form from pillars and fruit baskets to royal arches. A high cypress hedge, however, terminating at the entrance- way in square dignified pillars, is best suited to the country place consisting of several acres. ‘The cypress is a brisk grower, and the only objection one could have to it is its almost constant need of trimming. If not properly attended a | ERIN TETRA INTE TP LLARIALIUE ELPA TSU iy TPIT Se ee eal | SCL ae Dye | “ e A Wall of Lattice Gi of Lattice Gives a Happy Effect A Simple Pier with Lantern and Ornaments The Simplest Gate May Have Its Merits Brick Pier with Japanese Lantern A Trellised Entrance Overhung with Vines A Due Proportion Between Piers and Gates Is Essential to it soon looks as unkempt as the man who forgets to shave. Those who can atiord to keep a gardener get abundant satis- faction from one of these rich green hedges, but the man of lesser circumstances, unless he finds recreation in puttering around his garden after business hours, finds it a kind of ‘“bugbear.” Fences and gates of timberwork can be made attractive with but little expense and labor. Wooden posts, six or eight inches square, with either square or fancy caps, form the simple foundation of a gate, either single or double—for path or carriage. “This wooden gate can be made in any de- sign, according to the notions of the builder. Two espe- cially attractive designs are shown in the illustrations. Some- times rough lumber is used in construction, sometimes that which has been planed and put through a lathe. If made of rough material, wood-stain is used for a finish; if of smooth, regu- lation house paint. Brick pillars are best suited for marking the street entrances to preten- tious country places, to pub- lic buildings or parks. The one shown in the illustra- tion reflects the Japanese motif which predominates in the residence on the grounds. The huge black Japanese lantern that caps the masonry is most effec- tive, giving a brisk touch of both character and _ style. In building these brick pil- lars the walls are first made with single thickness of brick, after which the in- terior is filled with cement —a poor quality will answer for this quite as well as the AMERICAN HOMES” AND (GASRGDIEINES December, 1907 best. This filling gives strength and durability. Another kind of ma- sonry that is popular for fence posts and entrance monuments is that known as “‘rubble-stone.’ It is made up of stones of all kinds and sizes, and there is a freedom and careless- ness about it that is excep- tionally pleasing. A most attractive example of this style of work is shown in one of the accompanying illustrations. On the street line is a large monument showing immense irregular boulders at the wide base and smaller ones at the top. From this a quaint tiled roof extends across _ the walk, being supported on the opposite side by a smaller rubble-stone monu- ment. An iron gate of simple design completes the happy ensemble. In Southern California cobblestones are used extensively for walls, as supports for heavy fence rails, and for street pillars. The effects obtained with them are often striking. They are easily obtained from the dry beds of arroyos and washes, and are less expensive than any other kind of rock. On the ground they are worth from twenty-five to fifty cents a load, while teamsters charge from two dollars and a half to three dollars for hauling. The street entrance leading to a plastered ‘‘Mission” house, to be in harmony with the scheme, should be accented by plastered monuments with caps of red tile. The frame- work for these monuments consists of two-by-four scantlings sheathed with one-inch boards with metal lath and plaster. Elaborate Designs in Wrought Iron Are often Effective December, 1907 Carved Teakwood Base POVEERLC A Ne LOMES AND (GARDENS Japanese Bronze and Teakwood 463 EAhiate len ae ps a Teakwood and Jade Incense Burner The Romance of Old Teakwood By Mary H. Northend With Photographs by the (CDMGNERM Lis le CHEE antiques has made _ valuable. although rarity. teakwood furniture almost priceless in value. Practically speaking, teakwood has, with the quaint old pewter pots and Wedgwood china, become a thing of the past, for while there is still im- ported furniture presumably made of that wood, so many are the deceits prac- tised in the modern importations, and so poor is the workmanship when compared with that of a century ago, that its value is scarcely one-fourth of the original, and may be said to be constantly deteriorating. To find the best specimens one must look in the old Colonial mansions along the coast of New England, which were once the homes of merchant princes, whose delight it was to fill their homes with rare and curious articles from abroad. Although the raw material grows only in India and a few other countries in Southern and Eastern Asia, little of the work of Indian artisans has been imported, nearly all of the furniture which has found its way to our country being the work of the Chinese and Japanese, to whom the most exquisite of wood carvings may be attributed. The furniture used in the houses of even the wealthy Chinese was plain to excess, although it was by no means lacking in a certain artistic merit; but the importations have always been decorated with intricate patterns the carving of which meant not days but weeks, months in some cases, even years, of patient labor for the comple- HERE is an elusive charm about old teak- wood furniture that endears it to the heart of the collectors, causing it to share in the popularity of the Sheraton sofas and Chip- pendale chairs which the present craze for To this charm teakwood owes much of its value, age, exquisite workmanship and beauty of material all combine to render the genuine pieces of old Teakwood Stand and Ghee Porcelain Author tion of the work. When the merchant princes of New England imported the richly carved chairs and ornaments of teakwood the domestic question had not yet become a problem, and both mistress and maid delighted to dust the quaint carvings, tedious as was the task. Chairs and tables of teakwood are among the more com- mon pieces, nearly all of these being really wonderful speci- mens of artistic skill, covered as they are with strange and beautiful devices. It is not difficult to distinguish the carv- ing of one nation from another, though there are three represented in the work which has come to our country, namely, the Japanese, the Chinese and the In- dian. Of these three, the Indian is most crude, the carvings being fewer and clumsily executed. It is most difficult for the artisans to obtain perfect speci- mens of teakwood for their work, as they dare not use any wood which is even re- motely associated with any of the numerous religious superstitions of their race, and teak is used in the construction of their temples. Small articles, curious and quaint, are frequently made, and the combinations of teak and other substances, jade, crystal, rock salt and tortoise shell being prime favorites, are extremely beautiful. The native styles of wood-carving are derived from the old Dutch models, brought by the early traders to the East. Some of the oldest and rarest pieces of teakwood in America may be found in the Heard collection at Ipswich, Mass. The old family mansion is a veritable treasure house, but among the rare and costly things stored there, none are more beautiful than the Jap- anese and Chinese articles, numbering among them the teakwood. Nor is this house alone in its fine collection, for it is but one of many along the coast which boast behind their stately portals rare pieces the equal of which can not now be found among later day pro- ductions. In Salem, Mass., probably the Pusch Bow! best collection of teakwood belongs to 464 Mrs. James P. Cook, many of whose rarest pieces are now photographed for the first time. The gem of the collection is without doubt a table which measures over four feet across the top. The carvings include a floral design with feet of open-mouthed dragons; the top is of Chinese marble. Dragon forms are popular with Chinese workmen, and find a place in many of their finest pieces. ‘There are few pieces of teakwood that are carved alike, owing to individual interpretations of the common pattern which each workman of a shop is supposed to follow. Formerly each family had its own pattern, and an entire village would be devoted to the work, each family working upon a piece until it was completed for the market. Now the artisans are banded together, some twenty or more belonging to one shop, and the work is carried on much the same as in any shop, the workmen following the common pattern, which is seldom changed, owing to the jealousies existing between the various shops. Flowers are found in profusion in all the carvings of the Oriental countries, the sacred lotus being most com- mon among the Chinese carvings, while the cherry blossom not infrequently forms part of Japanese work. The sacred dog of Confucius is also found in the work of his followers. Splendid illustrations of the favorite carvings of both the Chinese and the Japanese are not wanting, and a table whose standard is formed by the coils of two immense serpents, to which little forms, half beast and half human, are clinging, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 together with a table whose decorations are of dragon forms, are splendid examples of the reptile’s use, while a screen has solid supports carved in the likeness of canines of rather belligerent appearance. Half way up the standards are surmounted by smaller dogs, while the screen of silk, richly embroidered, is framed in a filagree design. Occasionally the searcher after rare teakwood comes upon a bit of Spanish or Portugese furniture, which is especially valuable, as the teak long ago ceased to be exported to Spain and Portugal and the manufacture of these articles ceased. The European designs of these Spanish artisans are less in- tricate than the Oriental patterns, and for that reason are more popular. For example, a chair in the possession of a J ‘ . Bence. tl Teakwood Furniture in the Bowling Alley of Mr. E. C. Swift, Magnolia, Massachusetts Boston collector, built after the style of Charles II, and carved by a Spanish workman, is valued at four hundred dollars, while another chair, fully as old and four times as large, was valued by the same person at only one hundred dollars, because the carvings of the latter were not so well designed and but indifferently executed. Indeed, the Spanish designs excel all others for beauty and workmanship, which consequently places them highest in intrinsic worth. The specimens of Spanish work are, however, rare, and but few are now to be found in America. It is in the smaller articles of teakwood that the most ex- quisite work is wrought. The dark wood lends itself to other substances, making them more beautiful by contrast, and the wonderful fancies in which it is wrought add their quota to the effect of the whole. Nearly all of the teakwood December, 1907 Bell in Teakwood Frame in such articles is stained black, giving it a dull effect like ebony, although in a few rare pieces the natural brown of the wood may be found, the colors varying from heart wood to sap wood. One of the more unique smaller articles is a card receiver of soapstone and teakwood. The wood is wrought in a lotus design, while dragons, birds and leaves are elaborately carved upon the soapstone. A candlestick, which would doubtless be admired by the connoisseur, consists of three bronze dolphins supporting a single bronze lotus flower, resting on a teakwood stand carved in the form of lotus leaves. A small curio suggestive of the Orient is a bronze incense burner. The metal is chased and the teakwood standard represents elaborately carved pomegranates. From China comes a very graceful piece of carving in the form of a standard supporting a punch bowl of genuine Canton china. ‘The decorations of the standard are most appropriate and suggest the fruit sacred to Bacchus. A a ype mere Ni SeSueaeallet Teakwood Base for Porcelain Bowl Hunting Horn of Carved Teakwood AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 4 Sire, as Pe} Cs ress ee (7 ASS ct similar standard, less elaborate in design, has tiny animals lurk- ing amid the vines, which ;e- semble the timid creatures of wood and field. The wealth of figures which are combined in the simplest piece of carving is really a revelation to the pres- ent-day artist who confines his work to the scrolls and varieties of complicated lines for the most part. The age of teakwood is not difficult to determine if one is fairly familiar with the wood. The carvings constitute the hall-marks, as well as determine the value of the article, and by the comparison of the work upon various pieces, not only can the age be approximately a ag eae SFI OD Crystal Globe 465 Silk Screen with Teakwood Stand Supported by Dogs Teakwood Support for Soapstone Card Receiver on Teakwood Stand, Lotus Design 466 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 fixed, but the nationality of the workers as well. Upon these stances. Teak is found only in the forests of Eastern and the collector may be said to rely for his information, and Southern Asia, nearly the entire produce being under the they are quite infallible aids. Strangely enough, though, the control of Great Britain, and when some years ago it was Tortoise Shell Screen on Teakwood Base Old Chinese Porcelain Bowl on Teakwood Stand’ “ patterns themselves are far less useful than the workmanship, tound that the trees were rapidly becoming exterminated by for from hand to hand the designs have been spread until the tremendous exportations and the carelessness of the men generally toned down, added to here and there, and taken whose business it was to fit the wood for market, the govern- from as the carver willed, ment promptly took the there was little to show matter into consideration. what the original had been Teakwood was much used save a general semblance in the construction of war in all the work which can vessels, and its loss meant but be noticed. a serious one to the goy- The value placed upon ernment, which could find teakwood is very high, nothing that would so well though it is true that mod- fill its place. Its exporta- ern furniture is far less tion was immediately for- valued than the antique. bidden to a certain degree, An owner of a yacht re- so that the supply was cently paid one thousand practically in the hands of dollars for teakwood floor- the government. ing for his yacht, which Teakwood is very hard, is by no means an exorbit- and is sometimes wrongly ant price under the circum- Teakwood.and Tortoise Shell called ironwood. Bronze Incense Burner on Teakwood Jade Plaque on Teakwood Rock Salt Embedded in Pedestal Base Teakwood December, 1907 Jn AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 467 The House Is Built of Hard Burned, Sand-finished Red Brick and Stucco of Natural Gray Residence of Maxwell Wyeth, IESGys at Rosemont, Pennsylvania By Francis Durando Nichols ) HE residence of Maxwell Wyeth, Esq., a Rosemont, Pa., designed by Mir. Wilson Eyre, presents a typical American house, S¥ arranged with modified forms. In the characteristic American house of to-day the keen observer can easily discern the effect of the two different tendencies—the one which induces the intelligent architect to adhere to cer- tain authentic types of domestic design, and the one which induces him to modify the type in order to meet the local or personal requirements for the purpose of producing a =) aa os King Ha Mr H nth i il Hi i iH hi a hina qty a! jue Wl > U AAA g Drive. 1a Grass - novel and individual effect. A house may adhere so closely to an authentic type that it loses all individual character; or the architect may sacrifice everything in his desire to be original, and may thereby lose the deeper charm which people of taste derive from well designed architectural forms. In the designing of Mr. Wyeth’s house, Mr. Eyre has demonstrated his personal characteristic by combining the two tendencies with the original effects which dominate all of his work, and has produced a most harmonious whole. The house is approached by a curved driveway passing into an inclosed court, where a circular sweep brings one to the entrance porch. The court contains a winding roadway provided with a grassed, circular center. Opposite the en- trance gate is placed another gateway leading to the carriage a f nn STABLE Court The Plan Shows Well Studied Arrangement of the House and Out-buildings AMERICAN HOMES AND house, which forms a part of the gen- eral scheme. A high brick wall with a hooded gateway to the left of the house separates the rear lawn from the front. The rear of the house faces the woods, and the in- tervening space be- tween the house and the woods is laid out into a gar- SECOND FLoorR PLAN - December, 1907 den surrounded by an inclosed terrace. A brick walk, laid in herring-bone pat- tern, leads to the terrace wall and steps, and descend- ing leads to the for- mal garden, with grassed walk, sun- dial and growing and flowering plants. This terrace has the advantage of certain straight A Bnck Wall Encloses the Terrace, with a Formal Garden Below December, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 469 A Beamed Archway and Steps Connects the Stair Hall with the Living Hall 470 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 scuctntarneaesettaaeen sien seaaoniic et The Library Has Walls of Mustard Yellow and Is Finished with Black Oak December, 1907 lines, and the garden forms a certain axis relative to the house. ‘The general effect of the combination is very happy, but, of course, the illustrations given herewith do not afford much of an idea of the way in which the surroundings of the house will ulti- mately look. The design of the building itself presents an unusual combination of ef- fective lines, excel- lent proportions, interesting open- ings, and _ telling projections. The plan is arranged on the elongated type, and the various rooms have _ been placed as they have been required by the owner, irrespec- tive of the exterior, and while the wishes of the owner should be the first consid- eration of the ar- chitect, for a home is primarily a place in which to live, the exterior is sometimes sacrificed, but, in AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Attractive Entrance this particular case, the irregular lines have formed a nucleus — building. by which the exterior walls rise in one graceful proportion. cs f % MR er The Loggia Overlooking the Enclosed Terrace 471 The main part of the house and stable and the walk to the court and terrace are built of hard burned sand-finished red brick laid with Flemish brick in white mortar. ‘The re- mainder of the buildings are coy- ered with stucco in its natural gray color. The trim- mings and all ex- posed woodwork are stained a soft brown. ‘The whole building is sur- mounted with a red tile roof. The plan of the house is peculiar be- cause it makes no provision for a pt- azza, but something equally good is pro- vided by an inclosed loggia at the rear, facing the terrace. The design of the interior is character- ized by simplicity and good taste, and the owner of the house has loyally co-operated with the architect in selecting furniture and hangings for the The entrance-hall and living-hall are trimmed with sawn (Continued on page 475) 472 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 os I : of KG, > baal ChE s. v ge 7 acs =a | vires Home Delicacies for the Sick A. Unique Enterprise By Mabel Tuke Pricstman IGHT in the heart of New York, at 39th partly as an office for the Home Bureau, which owes its Street and Fifth Avenue, an old-fashioned existence to a woman’s passing illness, a French chef, and a four-story brownstone house has been too rich bowl of soup. At the crucial moment the daughter transformed by a new front of quaint Co- of the house came to the rescue, and provided temptingly lonial design consisting of tiers of lattice served dainties which the doctor claimed had saved the life windows reaching to the second story. The of the patient. The idea presented itself that this was a picturesque appearance of the house is good field for a woman who needed to support herself, but further enhanced by the charming doorway, having lattice in the whirl of a gay social life and an approaching marriage windows on the the circumstance sides, with a_ roof covered with red tiles, which also ex- tends above the lower group of casement windows. Geraniums or ferns are “kept dreshly growing in the at- tractive little ivy- covered tubs which are placed around the doorway. On entering we find ourselves in a long, low hall fur- nished with antique furniture. On_ the right the door opens into an old- world Colonial kitchen with white- washed raftered ceiling, and in the distance may _ be seen an old_hand- made brick fireplace with a Dutch oven, reminding one of an old New Eng- land _— farmhouse kitchen. The fire- place is a reproduc- tion of one in the old Van Cortlandt Mansion. This room is used Outside the Home Bureau was forgotten. Later, without hus- band or fortune, the sickroom inci- dent was brought to mind, and Mrs. Willard decided to take up the only thing in which she was skilled, the making of vdelr cacies for the sick. Concealing her identity and decid- ing to build up her business on good work alone rather than on s orcad standing, she gained her reputa- tion by supplying only the most care- fully prepared and dainty foods. When the doctors proved how beneficial these were for their pa- tients, they were glad to speak of her work. From her diet kitchén were sent out jelli es, gruels, puddings, breads, flaxseed lemonades, oatmeal caudle, Pasteur- ized and peptonized December, 1907 milk and cream, until the de- mand has resulted in the present Home Bureau House, which now not only includes the diet kitchen but tea room and_ sterilizing room and suites of apart- ments for inyalids. In addition to the supplies of delicacies for the sick, trained nurses are provided at short notice for either short illnesses or for special operations. Surgical and nurses’ outfits may be ob- tained and all appliances for special operations. Here, too, may be hired invalid chairs, outfits for babies, nursery appliances, cooking utensils and furniture. In fact, anything for the con- venience of the doctor, nurse and patient. Sandwiches and luncheons are put up for travelers, all of which may be had at the shortest possible notice. The pioneer work of supplying properly prepared food and sending it from the kitchen to the sickroom in any part of the city, day or night, resulted in saving so many lives that the Home Bureau came to be looked upon as a philanthropic institution rather than a busi- ness enterprise. The founder, in the fall of 1890, started this campaign in two back rooms at 15 West 42d Street, but owing to its pop- ularity it became necessary within two years to increase its An Agreeable Place for Afternoon Tea AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS is intnannay etitnt eee A Stairway Leading to the Office on the Second Floor quarters to an entire floor. Two houses were rented for nurses and two main floors were added to the original es- tablishment. ‘The opening of the house at 52 West 39th Street marked another era in the history of this unique enterprise. There is a restful charm about the house that pervades the whole atmosphere, and ever since the inception of the Home Bureau the plan has been to emphasize the home feeling by the tasteful way in which the house is furnished and the quiet and orderly routine with which the work is car- ried out. ‘There is no bustle or noise attached to the car- rying out of this great work, but perfect quiet without con- fusion are the results of a well organized _ establish- ment. Not only is great attention paid to the prepara- tion of the food, but the details of wrapping and ship- ping and delivery by uni- formed boys all show the same attention to detail on the part of the founder. The kitchen is well worth a visit, and although small is spotlessly clean. One wall is almost concealed by a line of refrigerators. Then there are two gas ranges with Alla- din ovens, and closets with glass fronts, and a big deep case with glass sides in which the jars and bottles are kept ready for use. Neat assist- ants are kept busy putting up 474 AMERICAN HOMES AND" GAGREDIENES December, 1907 time to time to guests, when arranged for, and are served as were the old-fashioned dinners of Colonial days. The atmosphere of the room carries one back to the days of our ancestors. Against the side wall fac- ing the entrance door is a dresser, a duplicate of one in the Van Cortlandt Manor. Its shelves are filled with treasures of china, pewter and brass. An old coffee- pot from Dresden, and old willowware from Peters- burg, Va., harmonize with the old pewter, many pieces of which are of great value. The window-seat beneath the latticed windows is al- ways gay and cheerful with flowers and potted plants. Tea is served at this .end of the room from four to six every day. Leaving this room we ex- perience the transition from the old-fashioned homestead The Colonial Kitchen and the Diet Kitchen Beyond into the up-to-date rooms furnished with the latest ap- chicken jelly, sandwiches of stale bread and scarped beef, pliances for carrying on the work of the house. Above the’ and putting up sterilized milk, which is poured into half- old kitchen are the offices and sterilizing room, where the pint bottles made air tight with rubber stoppers. These are bandages and appliances are stored and sterilized. The placed in pasteboard boxes divided into partitions, and are walls are hidden by cases with glass shelves upon which are wrapped and sealed ready for delivery. placed the various outfits. Disinfectants, too, are stored in Leaving the diet kitchen we retrace our steps into the end these rooms. of the low farmhouse kitchen with its peaceful atmosphere On the floor above are suites of rooms for invalids and a and old time furniture. The floor is covered with old- fashioned rag carpet, while the room is filled with an- tique pieces of furniture, picked up in Newport, Pet- ersburg, Va., and Panama. Genuine old Windsor chairs and Dutch chairs all have their history. The old settle at the end of the room is over one hundred years old, and was found in a rickety building on top of a heap of rubbish. On one of the whitewashed walls is a mir- ror which once belonged to Washington Irving, and be- side the mantel there is a lantern which hung in front of De Lessep’s house in Panama. Many rare iron implements and cooking utensils may be seen around the fireplace, while relics of the war may be seen in the old musketry above the man- telshelf. One of the features of the Home Bureau is the famous farmhouse dinners which are served in this kitchen from Fireplace Copied from One in the Van Cortlandt Manor House December, 1907 room for nurses’ outfits, consisting of aprons, sleeves, separate waists and skirts, embroidered collars, cuffs and belts, even to col- lar buttons. All these ar- ticles are beautifully laid out in glass cases just as in the rooms below. The apartments for in- valids are all tastefully fur- nished. Carefully chosen papers of soft tones make a background for the beauti- ful old mahogany pieces with which the majority of these suites are furnished. There is such a feeling of — rest and harmony on enter- ing these rooms that one is not surprised to find that the sick make speedy re- coveries in these peaceful rooms, where the comforts of home are found without the worry of keeping house. Winged chairs are covered with pretty chintzs, and all has an air of sweet fresh- ness, accented by vases of freshly gathered flowers which are found in every room. Mrs. Willard’s own apartments are reached by a pretty stair- way leading up from the kitchen, and her rooms are fur- nished in yellow and black. Low window seats and a plentiful supply of latticed windows add a charm to her apartments, and although she has reserved the smallest rooms AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS An Old-time Dresser 475 for her own use, the choos- ing and placing of the fur- niture has made them seem larger than they really are. The staircase from the kitchen is surrounded by a baluster. The whole room bespeaks a woman of taste and refinement, and when we consider the work Mrs. Willard has accomplished and the good she has done it is not remarkable that the blessings of many have been liberally showered upon her by those whose anxieties concerning their loved ones she has allevi- ated in her cheerful, prac- tical way. Devoting her time and energy to the work, she has not only made a success of it from a humanitarian point of view, but is now ranked as one of the most successful of New York’s business women. No doubt the humani- tarian aspects of this busi- ness constitute its most significant asset; but at least in the pages of an architectural magazine it may be permitted to emphasize, for a moment, the very interesting house the Home Bureau has made for itself. And it is not the least interesting because, in reality, it is simply an old-fashioned house remade over. Residence of Maxwell Wyeth, Esq., at Rosemont, Pennsylvania (Continued from page 471) oak, treated with a stain of a dead gray tone. The walls are in harmony, with an old creamish gray treatment. The entrance-hall has a paneled wainscoting and ceiling beams. The staircase is designed in good taste, and its character blends well with the general scheme of the house. The living- hall is placed three steps below the level of the entrance hall, and is separated by a beamed arch supported on columns. An interesting feature of this living-hall is the brickwork, which is exposed to view, forming a wainscoting. “The walls above and the woodwork is treated the same as the entrance- hall. The windows at both sides of the room are recessed, forming shelves for plants. At one side of the room a door opens onto the loggia, beyond which the terraces are reached. The large open fireplace, built of red brick laid in white mortar, has facings of similar brick, and a hearth laid in herring-bone fashion. The mantel-shelf, supported on carved brackets and surmounted by a Dutch hood, is quite the feature of the room. A broad archway placed at one side of the fireplace per- mits one to pass into the living-room, which extends through the entire depth of the house. It is trimmed with oak fin- ished black, harmonizing with the mustard-yellow with which the walls are treated. A broad archway separates the ingle- nook, which is provided with an open fireplace, with facings and hearth of red Welsh tile. “The mantel-shelf and paneled overmantel are worked out in combination with the walls of the inglenook, which are also paneled. Windows are placed at each side of the fireplace, beneath which are paneled seats. The dining-room, opening from the level of the entrance- hall, is finished in a washed gray, with wainscoting formed with battens placed at certain spaces apart, and the whole finished with a plate rack. A buffet is built in, at one side of which is a cabinet. A fireplace with buff brick facings, and mantel, completes the room. A door opens into the pantry and rear hall, while another door opens into the kitchen. Both the pantry, the kitchen and the servants’ hall and their dependencies are fitted with all the best modern conveniences and according to the requirements of a well ap- pointed house. The second floor contains numerous rooms, all of which have painted walls and trim, and among them is the owner’s suite, consisting of a large bedroom, painted in a soft gray, a sitting-room in blue, a child’s bedroom in pink, a dressing- room and a bathroom. There are two bedrooms, trunk rooms and ample storage space on the third floor. Extra bedrooms can be provided if necessary. ‘he bathrooms have wainscotings and floors ot Welsh tile, and each is furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The cellar contains the heating and cooling apparatus and fuel rooms. The stable, which is planned as part of the scheme of the house, contains a large carriage room, harness room, and a stable containing two box stalls and four single stalls, all of which have ornamental iron trimmings. ‘The floor of the stable is red tile, and that of the carriage room concrete. The second floor contains a man’s room, hay loft, etc. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 Residence of William F. May, Esg., Newton Center, Massachusetts By Walter Welch entire building, which rests on a stone foundation, is cov- William F. May, Esq., at Newton Center, Mass. ered with shingles and stained a silver gray color, while the It is of the Dutch Colonial character with a trimmings are painted white. An attractive porch is placed gambrel roof overhanging the first story. The at the front of the house, with latticed supports, on which celia Pep eocord /3 X13 SLCONO LO0R. December, 1907 ANTERTCAN HOMES AND GARDENS Or ece ar: ue Coe at ese, ee * * EE Oe OP og aes Ce ee es bd o 2 eo & #903 CeO orecee ie et ee a i aeons Mate [ FE The Entrance Porch Has Latticed Supports The Stairway in the Hall 478 The Living-room Has Mahogany Trim are grown white clematis vines blooming in delightful pro- fusion. A terrace, at the side of the house, extends around to the dining-room at the rear. The roof is covered with shingles and red brick chimneys pierce its ridge. The hall, square in form, is at the side of the house. It has mahogany finish and blue wall covering. The treads and risers of the staircase are of oak, while the balustrade is of mahogany. ‘The living-room, which is the most important room of the house, has ma- hogany finished trim. The walls have a mustard-col- ored wall covering. The hearth and facing to the fire- place are of brick, and the mantel and overmantel, of wood, are finished the same as the trim. The -ceiling of the room is heavily beamed. French windows open onto the terrace. Opening from the living- room, and also from the hall, is the dining-room, which is also treated with mahogany finish. ‘There is a chair rail extending around the room below which the wall is covered’ with a dull red, while the wall space above has an autumnal decoration with a crimson foliage on a green background. In either corner of the room are built-in china closets, which answer for a buffet, as both of them have counter shelves with drawers and cupboards be- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 low, and above are shelves inclosed with leaded glass doors. The butler’s pantry is fitted with sink, dresser and closet. A door opens into a store pantry, from which an entrance is made into the kitchen. This kitchen is finished with natural yel- low pipe and is fitted up complete. The lobby is large enough to admit an icebox. Returning from the kitchen to the front hall, the staircase takes one to the second floor, which contains four bedrooms and a bathroom. The bedrooms are treated with | ivory-white painted trim and distinctive wall decor- ations. ‘The bathroom has white enamel trim and walls, and is furnished with porcelain fixtures and ex- {| posed nickelplated plumb- | ing. The separate lava- ! tory is a convenience for this floor. The third floor contains the servants’ room and trunk room. ‘The house is heated by a furnace placed in the cellar, which also contains a laundry, fuel room and cold storage. Messrs. Coolidge and Carlson, of Boston, Mass., were the architects of this house, which may very well serve as an illustration of the house of modest dimensions thoroughly well adapted to modern needs. It meets every requirement. Pe, Sev ey Pn Pee aa eS Built-in China Closets Are Striking Features of the Dining-room December, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 479 The Winter Garden By Eben E. Rexford OST persons who are owners of gardens seem to be under the impression that we must close the summer volume of Nature’s book at the end of the season and not re- open it until the winter is over. In other words, we get very little pleasure out of the garden for six months of the year. This is completely wrong. There is no good reason why the home grounds should not be attractive the year round if we plant for winter as well as summer effect. We can not have flowers in winter, but we can secure color-effects with but little trouble that will make good, to a considerable extent, the lack of flowers. Without these the winter landscape is cold, dreary, and monotonous to most persons. But there are always elements of wonderful beauty in it to those who have “the seeing eye.” And there is ample material at hand with which to give it the touches of bright- ness that can make it almost as attractive as it is in June. If the reader will carefully study the two illustrations which accompany this article, he will admit that the winter garden has many attractive features which the summer gar- den can not boast. These illustrations are summer and winter views of the same spot, taken in one of the Brooklyn parks. ‘The summer view shows a wealth of foliage and bloom, and is one of Nature’s beauty-spots that we never tire of. But the winter view has in it a suggestion of breadth and distance that is most charming, brought out strongly by the naked branches of the trees against the sky, and the glimpses of delightful vistas farther on, which are hidden by the foliage of the summer view. Note how the ever- greens stand out sharply against the background, and how clearly every shrub and branch is outlined by the snow. Whatever color there is in the landscape is heightened and emphasized by the contrast. Here are little touches full of exquisite beauty, none of which belong to the summer garden. Most of us plant a few evergreens about our homes. Sometimes we are so fortunate as to locate them where they will prove effective. Oftener we put them where they can not do justice to their beauty. They do not belong near the house. ‘They must be admired at a distance. You must be far enough away from them to be able to take in their charm of form at a glance, to observe the graceful sweep of their branches against the snow, and to fully take in the strength and richness of their color. None of these things can be done at close range. Looked at from a respectful distance, every good specimen of evergreen will afford a great deal of pleasure. But it might be made to afford more if we were to set about it in the right way. Why not make our evergreens serve as backgrounds against which to bring Ay ; eta “hy he ~“s panne ” 4: LS In Winter,There Is a Charming Suggestion of Breadth and Distance AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 i ae In Summer the Garden Shows a Wealth of Foliage and Bloom out colors that will rival, to some extent, the flowers of summer ? Have you never taken a tramp along the edge of the woodland in winter, and come suddenly upon a group of scarlet-berried alders? What brightness they seemed to radiate upon the spot! They made so strong and vivid an impression upon the eye that you seemed to see them long after you had passed them. Why should we not transplant this bit of woodland glory to our garden, and heighten its effect by giving it an evergreen for a background? Its scar- let fire against the dark greenery of spruce or arborvitae would seem to make our winter garden fairly glow with warmth. I have seen the red-branched willow planted near an ever- green, and the contrast of color brought out every branch so keenly that it seemed chiseled from coral. The effect was exquisite. ‘Train Celastrus scandens where its pendant clusters of red and orange can show against evergreens, and you produce an effect that can be equaled by few flowers. The barberry is an exceedingly useful shrub with which to work up vivid color-effects in winter. It shows attrac- tively against other shrubs, is very charming when seen against snow, but is never quite so effective as when its rich- ness of coloring is emphasized by contrast with the somber green of a spruce. Our native cranberry (Viburnum opulus) is one of our very best berry-bearing shrubs. It holds its crimson fruit well in winter. Planted among evergreens it is wonderfully effective because of its tall and stately habit of growth. The bayberry (Myrica cerifera) is another showy-fruited shrub. Its grayish-white berries are thickly studded along its brown branches, and are retained throughout the winter. The snowberry (Symphoricarpos racemosus) has been cul- tivated for nearly a hundred years in our gardens, and prob- ably stands at the head of the list as a white-berried shrub. If this is planted in front of evergreens the purity of its color is brought out charmingly. It is very effective when grown near scarlet-fruited shrubs, like the barberry or alder. The value of the mountain ash for winter decoration is just beginning to be understood. If it retained its fruit throughout the winter, it would be our most valuable plant, but the birds claim it as their especial property, and it is gen- erally fruitless by Christmas. But up to that time it is exceedingly attractive, especially if planted where it can have the benefit of strong contrast to bring out the rich color of its orange-red clusters. The Ramanas rose (R. lucida) has showy clusters of crimson fruit which retains its beauty long after the holli- days. This shrub is quite as attractive in winter as in summer. There are many kinds of shrubs whose berries are blue, and black, or purple. While these are not so showy as those of scarlet or crimson or white, they are very beautiful, and can be made good use of in the winter garden. It will be understood, from what I said at the beginning of this article, that I put high value on the decorative effect of leafless shrubs. Their branches, traced against a back- ground of snow or sky, make an embroidery that has about it a charm summer can not equal. A bitter-sweet clambering over bush or tree, and displaying its many clusters of red and orange against a network of leafless branches, with the intense blue of a winter sky showing through them, makes a picture brilliant in the extreme. But the charm is not all in the color of the fruit, but in branch and twig as well. December, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Lwenty-second Anniversary ry Target (> Arrow Old Style | in Root SPYHIS RESIDENCE, the home of Mr -°4 Daniel Grant, of Memphis, Tennessee, was covered with ““T'arget-and-Arrow Old Style” tin when built, twenty-two years ago. A short time ago the roof was inspected by the firm which laid it and found to be in perfect condi- tion throughout. The inspection also showed that some of the gulters had a coating of a dark, greasy nature, which, when rubbed off, showed the tin beneath as bright as when first laid. Every sheet of ‘“Target-and-Arrow Old Style’ tin is stamped with the trade-mark shown here. This mark means that the tin it identifies has been made according to our old-time, reliable standard SE namin IC * OLO STYLE pe eee ae —the only standard that makes 50-year tin roofs possible. | If you are interested in roofs, you will be interested in two booklets which we send free: ““A Guide to Good Roofs’ and the ‘‘Tin Roofers’ Hand Book.”’ aoe eee N. & G. TAYLOR COMPANY (‘sic’) PHILADELPHIA ‘NeCHMiORCO. , [ @RICADELPHIA ii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 BURLINGTON ““siis."" BLINDS SCREENS AND SCREEN DOORS Venetian Blind for | @ Equal 500 miles inside window and} northward. Perfect | Sliding Blinds outdoor veranda. : for inside use. Any wood; any : privacy with doors Require no Bueno atc and windows open. pockets. Any Darkness and breezes wood ; any finish. in sleeping rooms. 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THE TALLEST BUILDING IN THE WORLD These Radiators were chosen only after the most rigid examination and exhaustive test of | all the radiators in the market, the tests |< thoroughly demonstrating that Kinnear Pressed Radiators exceeded every possible requirement for efficiency and durability. Ja the Tower alone the use of these Radiatcrs effects a saving of 100 tons in weight. Every Subscription Taken Means a Prize and a Cash sect bohecoecnnl,. Commission For You | SPECIAL OFFER to Carpenters $30.00 Book Case and $22.50 in Cash ———————__________________————__ §§ BUILDERS AND OWNERS OF HOMES IVES PATENT WINDOW VENTILAT- § quan in =) Pianos, Automobiles, Gasoline Launches, Boats, Cameras, Canoes, Kodaks, Typewriters, Jewelry, Silverware, Bicycles, Trip to Japan, Trip to Europe, Three Weeks’ Vacation at the Greatest Pleasure Resort in the World. These are some of the prizes to be given away this season. Don’t Fail to Investigate At Once Our Big Offers There are twenty series of unprecedented premium offers. Each series con- sists of several prizes of which you can take your choice. There are enough prizes for all. ; THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE 1s launching the greatest Subscription Campaign ever inaugurated in the history of the publishing business. We are offer- ing a wonderful series of valuable prizes and liberal commissions this season to representatives who secure subscriptions for the Metropolitan Magazine. THE PRIZES ARE NOT COMPETITIVE @) = American © Homes and Gardens THE METROPOLITAN MAGAZINE and Dept. A.H.G., 3 WEST 29th STREET ING LOCK. A Safeguard for jf Ventilating Rooms. Pure Air, jj ), Good Health and Rest Assured. jj h To introduce this article. Four If Ih Ventilating Locks in Genuine ff = Bronze, Brass or Antique Cop per Finish will be mailed to] any address prepaid for One Dollar. Will include a forty {if page Hardware Catalogue and It === Working Model to carpenter | i who wish the agency to can-|ff PATENTED vass for its sale. Address The H. B. Ives Go, SE~ "AYE: Scientific American NEW YORK To one $ 5 per year address Regularly $6 December, 1907 HALL CLOCKS That are beautiful in design, finest in con- struction, richest in tone of chimes and superior time- keepers are some of the reasons that have made our business grow so rapidly. Waltham Clocks have a standard of value, whether it is a Hall Clock, “Banjo,” Marble Clock, or Regulator. Nothing Better at, Any Price If your local jeweler does not sell our line send direct for our new illustrated catalogue Galtham Clock Company WALTHAM, “MASS. Inexpensive Country~ Homes cA Practical Book for «Architects, Builders, and Those Intending to Build A HANDSOME CLOTH-BOUND PORTFOLIO, consisting of 88 pages, about 11x14, printed on heavy plate paper, and containing 43 designs, with floor plans of practical, tasteful and comfortable country homes, ranging in cost from $1,000 to $5,000 com- plete. The designs have been carefully selected, as embodying the best efforts of various architects throughout the country. Every one of the houses has already been built, and all of the illustrations are half-tone engravings, made direct from photographs of the completed structures, taken specially by the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN artists. In many cases two perspective views of the same house are shown. Several illustrations of inexpensive stables are also included among the designs. Q The location of the dwellings, the cost, owners’ and architects’ names and addresses are given, together with a description of the dwelling, thus enabling, if desired, a personal inspection of the dwelling or direct correspondence with the architect or the owner. ARCHITECTS, BUILDERS, AND THOSE INTENDING TO BUILD will find many new and valuable suggestions among the up-to-date designs illustrated in this handsome portfolio. FOR SALE AT ALL BOOK STORES AVERT CAN EOMES AND.GARDENS iii This Beautiful Residence was built of Concrete Blocks made on The Hercules Machine If you are going to build any kind of a structure, from an ordinary stable to a handsome residence, you ought to sit down right now and send for our catalog. It will tell you a great many things about concrete con- struction that are worth knowing. It will tell you about the Hercules Concrete Block Machine —and show you many illustrations of residences, apartment houses, churches, business blocks and manufactur- ing plants built of blocks made on the wonderful Hercules. Concrete is cheaper than wood or brick; it will last longer, and when the blocks are made on the Hercules great architectural beauty can be attained. Send for catalog to-day, it’s free to you. Century Cement Machine Co. 180 W. Main St., ROCHESTER, N. Y. We DO Things That Others Dare Not Attempt because the unusual facilities of our factory—the largest and best equipped in the world—our wide experience and skilled artisans enable us to execute the most intricate and delicate work ever attempted in sheet metal, promptly and with complete satisfaction. Our 120 Page Catalogue will be sent you on request and gives some idea of our great facilities. We shall be glad to submit estimates, designs, etc. The W. H. Mullins Co.,202 Franklin St., Salem, Ohio. Makers of everything in sheet metal. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration is The Architectural Record If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a Sample Copy — Free. THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY 11 to 15 East 24th Street, NEW YORK 511 Monadnock Building, CHICAGO THE NEW AGRICULTURE By HIS new and valuable work sets forth the changes which T. BYARD COLLINS aN! ||| have taken place in American agricultural methods which Wh \g4|| are transforming farm life, formerly so hard, into the most 8vo. Cloth. 376 Pages FSAw| | Wee independent, peaceful and agreeable existence. Farm life 100 Illustrations i\ sd) ascllll to-day offers more inducements than at any previous period Price, $2.00, Postpaid = —— in the world’s history, and it is calling millions from the desk. The present work is one of the most practical treatises on the subject ever issued. It contains 376 pages and 100 illustrations. In brief, the Contents are as follows CHAPTER I. This chapter contains a general statement of the advantages of farm life. CHAPTER II. Deals with the vast systems of irrigation which are transforming the great West, and also hints at an application of water by artificial means in sections of the country where irrigation has not hitherto been found necessary. CHAPTER III. Gives the principles and importance of fertilization and the possibility of inocu- lating the soil by means of nitrogen-gathering bacteria, CHAPTER IV. Deals with the popular awakening to the importance of canals and good roads, and their relation to economy and social well-being. CHAPTER V._ Tells of some new interests which promise a profit. CHAPTER VI._ Gives a description of some new human creations in the plant world. CHAPTER VII. _ Deals with new varieties of grain, root and fruit, and the principles upon which these modifications are effected and the possibilities which they indicate. CHAPTER VIII. Describes improper methods in agricultural practice. CHAPTER IX. Devoted to new machinery by which the drudgery of life on the farm is being eliminated, making the farm a factory and the farmer the manager of it. CHAPTER X __ Shows the relation of a body of specialists to the American farmer, who can have the most expert advice upon every phase of his work without any expense whatever to himself. MUNN @& CO., Publishers é# 361 Broadway, NEW YORK December, 1907 AM ERTCAN HOMES AND. GARDENS v GORTON 25 BOILERS i For Steam and Hot Water Heating ad Insure a Warm Building Day and Night in Coldest Weather oe Send for Catalog ay GORTON © LIDGERWOOD CO. 96 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK Old Colony Bldg., Chicago 77 Oliver St., Boston DISCRIMINATING PEOPLE WILL FIND IN RUBEROID RED ROOFING A LASTING, WEATHERPROOF, FIRE-RESISTING COVERING, COMBINED WITH A LASTING BEAUTY. IT IS The Only Permanent Roofing With a Permanent Color The well-known qualities of Ruberoid Roofing serve as a protection from the heat of the summer and the cold of the winter, while its deep red hue lends a touch of color to the surroundings. Suitable for all buildings. Color guaranteed for five years. Contains no tar or paper. Will not melt, rot or corrode. Insist upon having the genuine. Look for the name “ RUBEROID” stamped on the back. Write for samples and prices. THE STANDARD PAINT COMPANY Sole Manufacturers General Offices: 100 WILLIAM STREET. NEW YORK Branches: Chicago, St. Louis, Kansas City, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Boston THE NEW CEILING AND SIDE WALL ON THAT ROOM What shall it be? Steel, of course—because it is the most modern, sanitary and inexpensive, practically lasts forever. Write to-day, giving dimensions and par- ticulars. We will go into the matter with you thoroughly. “When it has the ELLER trade-mark, it’s the best in steel.” ELLER MFG. CO. CANTON, OHIO Improved Rider Hot Air Pumping Engine AND Improved Ericsson Hot Air Our remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant Pumping Engine Smokeless Gas at much less cost than city ge meter: a and sheaper the lectricity, 2 cos ry but one- PRICES GREATLY fourth as qatieniacacersenen a REDUCED Most Durable and Least Expensive Apparatus to Maintain in effective perpetual operation. NG services “up . of lighting, cooking and heating. Fullest satis- Send for Catalog E” to nearest office faction guaranteed, and easy terms. The very apparatus for suburban homes, institutions, ete. e e e ® ~ ] R We construct special apparatus also for fuel gas ider-Ericsson Engine Co. for manufacturing, producing gas equivalent to oe : * Fi aq7 i as 2 S oo cubic feet, and made 35 Warren St., New York 40 Dearborn St., Chicago city gas at 5so0cents per 1000 cu > feet, Y 40 N. 7th St., Philadelphia 239 Franklin St., Boston to respond LONELY, large demands; also for light- 234 Craig St. West, Montreal, P. Q. ing towns, etc. y 22 Pitt St., Sydney, N.S. W. Amargura 96, Havana, Cuba Cc. M. Kemp Mfg. Co., Baltimore, Md. vi AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 THE ANGELUS PIAN A CHRISTMAS GIFT FOR EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR HOOSE what you will, no gift within your power of giving can add one half so much to the j joys of the coming Christmas as the ANGELUS PIANO. For all the household, young and old, on Christmas Day and every day throughout the year, the ANGE IG UIS PIANO } heralds a new era of enjoyment in your home. Any one—musician or non-musician —can play the ANGELUS PIANO. It is an upright piano of the first grade with the world-famous Angelus plano- player incorpore ated within its case. ‘The musician can play it by hand the same as any other piano, or, if you are unfamiliar with the technique of music, you can play as well or even better by means of the Angelus. Remember, the ANGELUS PIANO is the only instrument in the world equipped 1 with the patented expression devices, the wonderful MELODANT and the famous t Phrasing Lever. The MELODANT emphasizes the melody notes so that they:come out clear and ' distinct above the accompaniment. : | The Phrasing Lever provides you with absolute and instantaneous control of the | time so that your music will not sound humdrum or mechanical. / Before investing in a piano—FIRST SEE AND HEAR THE ANGELUS PIANO. It can now be had on very easy terms in every important city in America. Write us to-day for descriptive literature and name of representative in your locality. THE WILCOX & WHITE €oO: ei 4 , EsTABLIsHED 1876. MERIDEN, CONN Artistic, Appropriate, Embossed Steel Ceilings for all Kinds of Rooms From the massive and elaborate effects fre- quently required in public and_ business buildings, to the simpler and less obtrusive designs suited for residence purposes, ample selection is afforded in the wide range of styles and patterns available in BERGER'S “CLASSIK” The Most Complete Line of Artistic Steel Ceilings in Existence You Should Have our Catalog on File Write for it to-day. Ask for Catalog D64 Send sketch and dimensions of room or rooms to be covered and we will send free suggestions and exhibition drawings of appropriate designs. Write us to-day. THE BERGER MFG. CO., Canton, O. New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Atlanta, San Francisco SPECIALTIES: STEEL CerLincs, RooFING, FrREPROOFING, STEEL FurniturRE, Etc. THE ArT AND CRAFT OF GARDEN MAKING. By Thomas H. Mawson. ‘Third edition, revised and enlarged. New York: Im- ported by Charles Scribner’s Sons. Pp. 20+310. Price, $10.00 net. That three editions of so large and expen- sive a volume as this should have been called for is the highest possible demonstration of its merits and its utility. Its author has long en- joyed an extensive practise in laying out gar- dens in England, and this book represents the full expression of his wide and varied experi- ence. Concerned, as it is, chiefly with the principles of the garden art and craft, with garden design in its most ornamental aspect, and abounding as it does, almost on every page, with suggestions of artistic and practical value, the fact that it is of English origin, written by an English designer, and intended pri- marily for English guidance and use, is of comparatively slight moment. ‘The _ basic principles of this beautiful art are beyond the limits of any country or continent, and much of this book—the larger part of it, in fact— is as applicable to America as to England. It has, therefore, for American readers, a value of its own that is distinctly higher than many of the garden books which have come across the sea. Mr. Mawson has little sympathy with the landscape designer who begins his work from the very beginning, and modifies and arranges his landscape to meet his preconceived ideas. He lays it down as a fundamental principle that the formal should not be exalted above the natural, and that, generally speaking, nat- ural and existing contours are more pleasing than artificial ones, and should give a lead in all development and ground formation. Ex- ceptions there are to such a rule, as there must be to all good rules in the betterment of na- ture, but the wisdom and soundness of such advice in garden design is beyond question. The book covers, and covers very admira- bly, every aspect of garden design and treat- ment. An introductory chapter briefly de- scribes the various styles of garden design in vogue in England and points out their vary- ing adaptability to modern needs. ‘The choice of a site and its treatment is illustrated with detailed surveys. A chapter on fences and gates is filled with brilliant suggestions. Ter- race and flower gardens are discussed at length, both from the standpoint of design and from the plants that may be grown in them. Lawns and garden walks, summer houses, trellis work, garden furniture, water in foun- tains, lakes, streams and ponds, the building and use of conservatories, greenhouses, viner- ies and fruit houses, kitchen gardens and orch- ards, the formal arrangement of trees and shrubs in avenues and hedges, the question of planting for landscape effect, ail these and many other practical and artistic questions are discussed at length, suggestions made, actual examples illustrated. Final chapters are de- scriptive of trees, shrubs, climbers, roses, hardy perennials, aquatic plants and ferns, and the book closes with a number of examples of garden design. ‘There is an abundance of illustration, both from photographs and from drawings, with many sketches of details and numerous plans. It is a book that merits the Warmest commendation, and is one the read- ing of which will aid many a garden designer (Continued on page tx) December, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS vii AMERICAN EMPIRE Syne. speaking, only the furniture made prior to the war of the Revolution can be called “Colonial.” i “Late Georgian” describes the furniture of a we i) nm i ae Bd the latter portion of the eighteenth century and ‘‘American” Empire is the correct term for furniture made in the early part of the nineteenth century. “Thus all pieces having carved columns, claw feet, pineapple finials, etc., long called Colonial, should be classed as American Empire. Furniture of this type represented the high- est skill of our cabinetmakers. It was a i i 0 ma 78 Nn + ¥ oD 4 Beauty and Usefulness The real artistic worth of any article is greatly enhanced by its useful- nee Pes two attributes ought to go hand in hand, the one reflecting e other. Morgan Doors are perfect examples of real artistic worth. They are beautiful from every standpoint, they are useful to the limit of usefulness—durability and strength. Morgan Doors are made in a large variety of beautiful designs to harmonize with any style of architecture, Empire, Colonial, Mission, Chateau, ete. The name ‘‘MORGAN’’ stamped on each door guarantees absolute satisfaction. Write today for our handsome illustrated book, ‘‘The Door Beautiful,’’ showing some of the details of the honest construction and beauty of design of the Morgan Doors. Morgan Company, Dept.A, Oshkosh, Wisconsin Distributed by :—Morgan Sash and Door Company, Chicago, Ill.;__ Morgan Company, Oshkosh, Wisconsin; Morgan Company, Baltimore, Maryland. Model from Berkey & Gay Furniture Co., Grand Rapids, Mich, movement founded on the French Empire, but interpreted in an original way. American Empire is marked by a greater simplicity than is found in the regal historic pieces which are usually accepted as examples of this style. First, living was simpler; sec- ond, elaborate furniture was beyond the purse of the majority of people, and the third, while many of our furniture-makers equaled French craftsmen so far as the treatment of wood was concerned, they were incapable of either de- signing or executing the elaborate mounts in chiseled brass which French furniture makers had excelled in for more than a century. Occasionally on a more elaborate piece of American Empire may be seen both carving and brass ornaments—for instance, a sofa or divan with claw feet, carved cornucopias, and v L brass rosettes. Sometimes a simple version of the Greek honeysuckle is used, but furniture thus ornamented is too uncommon to be classed as typical. But the pineapple, the favorite | to waste your valuable time in rebabbitting your journal bearings, when you can get finial from the time that English furniture- ' a planer that is equipped with Patent Sectional Clamp Bearings that prevent this makers discarded the urn until the black wal- unnecessary work. ‘This device consists of two sets of thin babbitt metal plates, of nut period set in, was made a beautiful fea- five plates to the set, for each bearing. These plates rest diagonally upon the upper ture of American designing. That and the | surface of the journals. If the journals should become loosened from wear, all the cornucopia are two very characteristic features } operator has to do is to loosen the clamp bolts and press down the plates with the of the furniture of this period. ; hand. These plates exert no pressure The highest class furniture-makers have yen downward, except that of their own realized this and make a specialty of reproduc- a of NE = weight, thereby preventing the journals ing pieces of this period. For every-day use, gaa (O).>\) Oa: By from getting too tight a fit and over- as we have already pointed out, well made re- Ns ee IT q@ heating. It is on the above principle productions are more desirable. A careful BO} te m Vea that we have constructed the journals on inspection of the fine reproductions of the aS) our No. 156 Cabinet Smoothing Planer. American Empire is strongly advised whether : ; the room in question be dining-room, bedroom or living-room. Shall we send you a descriptive circular ? J. A. FAY & EGAN CO. 209-229 W. FRONT ST. CINCINNATI, 0. if ) Note: Striking examples of this style are made by Berkey & Gay Furniture Co., Grand Rapids, Mich., a few illustrations of which are used in this article, ‘Their brochure, ‘Furniture of Character,’”’ contains descriptions ae not only of this style but also of other periods and classic No. 156 Gabinet Smoothing Planer styles. It will be mailed to you if you send 15 cents in . D. S. stamps to Dept. M. viii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 Sanatile The Modern Wall Tiling It costs five times as much to use regular glazed tile as to use SANATILE—and you gain nothing. Every good qual- ity of tiling is possessed by SANATILE, as well as many which tiling has not. It has an embossed, beautifully enameled surface in plain white or permanent tints and many artistic patterns. Absolutely waterproof and can- not tear, crack or chip from accident. SANATILE is a tough, elastic fabric, made in strips, on a heavy fibre backing. It can be applied by any good workman following instructions furnished with the material. Representatives wanted in the wall paper and tiling trades to whom we can refer orders and inquiries received by us from their locality LEATHEROL The beautiful, richly embossed, washable wall covering made for use in the highest class of decorative work. Can be furnished in colors to harmonize with any scheme of interior treatment. New line now on exhibition. SANITA The washable wall covering used in place of wall paper. Many new patterns and colors. Dull and glazed surfaces. Illustrated descriptive literature and prices, will be furnished on request THE LEATHEROLE CO. ** 2.yaruge"" Two Weeks of Perfect Rest The soothing calm of nature in a quiet mood enfolds the tired spirit from the cities at French Lick West Baden Springs No famous foreign spa can equal the cura- tive properties of these waters which are oe unsurpassed in the treatment of Kidney, Liver and Stomach troubles. NES EP an at Hotel accommodations are ideal, and unique in offering the seeker of health perfect rest and quiet as well as ample opportunity for indulging in his favorite recreation. Many indoor and outdoor amusements—the most attractive health resort in America. Beautifully situated in Southern Indiana on the MONON ROUTE Write for descriptive booklet, rates, etc. B. E. TAYLOR, Gen. Mgr. FRAN J. REED, G.P.A. CHICAGO ; Summer Pleasures .2m.. Midwinter Days are invariably found on the voyages of the splendid modern steamers of The New York & Porto Rico Steamship Company to and Around Porto Kieo These special tours occupy three weeks’ time and are ideal yachting excursions on summer seas. The steamers, which are equipped with every device for the safety and convenience of the passengers, with only outside staterooms, circle the entire island and stop at many in- teresting and historic localities. The ship is the tourist’s hotel during the entire trip, so that the labor and incon- venience of land travel is avoided. The special tourist rate for this cruise is $140, which includes every expense. Write for illustrated booklet, giving details of the voyage and containing attractive pictures of Porto Rico. THz NeW YORK & PORTO RICO STEAMSHIP COMPANY, 12 Broadway, New York Or RAYMOND & WHITCOMB CO., all Principal Ciies Write for illustrated booklet W free. JOSEPH DIXON ORUOIBLE 00., Jersey City, N. J. ARCHITECTS’, DRAFTSMEN’S AND ENGINEERS’ SUPPLIES e's DRAWING TABLES AND Mem ‘FILING CABINETS OF Ie EVERY DESCRIPTION Blue and Brown Print Papers Second-hand Instruments bought and sold. Illustrated Catalogue, vol. 263, sent on application. F. WEBER & CO. PHILADELPHIA, PA. St Louis, Mo Baltimore, Md. pS > er} ({EWEBER & COS} IND ran NY Sr OWN A FACTORY and make $10.00 a day making Concrete Building Blocks. Experience unnecessary. Big demand an | for blocks everywhere and immense profits. Pettyjohn Machine | ony POS.ZEUD & Guaranteed and sent on trial, Sand, water and cement only materials required. If you intend to build it will pay you to buy a Pettyjohn Machine and make your own blocks. Beautiful booklet on this great industry—FREE. 1 THE PETTYJOHN CO., 617 N. Sixth Si. » Terre Haute, Ind. BRISTOL’S \\ Recording Thermometer Located within house, records on a weekly churt outside temperature Y Also, Bristol’s Recording Pressure Gauges, Volt, Ampere and Watt Meters. Over 100 different varieties, and guaranteed. Sed fur Culalog L. THE BRISTOL CO., Waterbury, Conn. Chicago, 753 Monadnock Building New York, 114 Liberty St. December, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS IX and give a multitude of suggestions and ideas | FLOQRS leh Uiiaee s \\sgeePE=*EZEEZ { to the owner and proprietor. It is, in short, = : ee | ROOFS a discussion of the artistic side of gardens from the practical and real point of view, and is thus a book of unusual value. Houses ror Town or Country. By Wil- liam Herbert. New York: Duffield & Co. Pp. 240. Price, $2.00 net. That much of this book has already ap- peared in the pages of a technical architectural magazine by no means detracts from its value. It aims, as its title states, to discuss the vari- ous types of modern houses as shown by recent dwellings in cities and in the country. “The two classes of structures are, in truth, widely different, but the discussion of their most mod- ern types as shown by current American prac- tice gives the author of this handsome book an opportunity for much sane criticism and illuminating discussion. A rapid comment on American architecture of to-day is followed by a discussion of the typica! town house. hen come chapters on the American country estate, the typical country house, the house for all the year, followed by separate chapters on the chief or ornamental rooms. ‘The concluding chapters deal with the house in relation to out-of-doors and new uses of old forms. Written from the critical rather than from the descriptive point of view there is much of value and interest in these pages. The author’s comment that in large estates or 1 A concrete tank erected on estate of Edmund Tatham, properties the layout of the land is adapted to a Katonah, New York the location and design of the house, instead ‘ - of the proper and reverse process, is character- Frederick J. Sterner, Architect - - New York De Lancey A. Cameron, Builder - New York istic of the general tone of the book, and is an Tank designed for storage supply of 15,000 observation so very true that no one in Amer- ica has yet thought of acting upon it, even ; : : ; when acres and acres, and practically miles of gallons, built entirely of CONCIETE reinforced landscape are within the owner’s control. 4 with Clinton welded wire Before aot Gas It is a charming book to read and is a volume that will give a great deal of pleasure to every one interested in houses, whether in the city or in the country. And it is a book of brilliant criticism that will heip prospective builders and owners amazingly. There are nu- merous illustrations, adequately reproduced, Chi Wi Cl h and, for the most part, Saaee with real in- 4 inton ire ot Company terest. Many of the full-page illustrations, . CLINTON, MASS however, are printed with inscriptions to the i : : inner margin, and are hence awkward and | {gis sometimes difficult to study. placed over tank, and during winter months, ice 10 inches thick formed on water stored therein. No cracks or leakage have developed. FIREPROOFING DEPARTMEN7 Ceilings 7| ALBERT OLIVER 1 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK SEATTLE: L.A. NORRIS, 909 ALASKA BUILDING . LOUIS : HUNKINS-WILLIS LIME & CEMENT CO., SOUTH END 18TH ST, i. SYRACUSE, N. Y.: PARAGON PLASTER CO. ST. SRIOe tions SAN FRANCISO: L. A. NORRIS, 835 MONADNOCK BUILDING Darropits, Narcissus AND How To Grow Tuem. By A. M. Kirby. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. Pp. 235. Price, $1.10 net. The publication of books on separate groups CARPEN f ERS of flowers has a tendency to overweight the shelves of the bookish plant lover, but com- pleteness of treatment is impossible by other in these days of close competition method, and hence this little book on daffodils and narcissus will be welcomed by every lover Need the Best of these beautiful plants. And who does not i : love them and enjoy their delicate beauty in Possible Equipment early spring or, if one is more fortunate, and takes the necessary trouble, in autumn and and this they can have in winter? The author of this book has undertaken to treat the subject in its entirety and does so ’ with great detail. Perhaps every one will not BARNES Foot and Hand F ower care to read the volume through, but it is use- : ful to know exactly where ane needed item Hand and Foot Power Circular Saw No. 4 of information on these plants can be had, and e HE strongest, most the book is none the less valuable because it is Machinery powerful, and in-every >? chiefly concerned with cultural directions. They, indeed, make it valuable, for the photo- way the best machine of graphic illustrations have been inserted as ex- its kind ever made. For planatory of the text rather than as embellish- W. F. & JOHN BARNES CO. ripping, cross-cutting, bor- ments. It is issued in convenient form and is 567 Ruby Street ROCKFORD, ILL. ing and grooving supplied with an ample and very detailed index. AMERICAN HOMES AND GAR DEMS “LANE’S BALL-BEARING” is the y MI il i \ Ail i Other Styles for Less Money —_ Sold by Hardware Trade Lane Brothers Company, 434-466 Prospect Street, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. The Original Old Style Method of making Terne Plates was known as the 32 POUNDS COATING PROCESS because MF Roofing Tin was the first practical metal roof covering ever made. The process is the same to-day as it was then, and the plates are just as even in gauge, thoroughly coated and easily worked. Therefore, when a property owner or roofer specifies MF Ternes, he can rest assured he is getting the best to be had. When ordering, keep in mind the fact that the MF Process is the Oldest Old Style Process in existence, and that MF Roofing Tin cannot be excelled, regardless of how long you search. Write for our booklet “‘ From Under- foot to Overhead,’’ it is interesting, and costs you nothing. AMERICAN SHEET © TIN PLATE COMPANY, FRICK EUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA. Send for Catalog December, 1907 GARDENING IN TOWN AND SuBuRB. By Harry H. Thomas. New York: Long- mans, Green & Co. Pp. 8+175. Price, $1.00 net. This is an unpretentious and useful volume dealing with gardens of a type not usually treated in garden books, that is, with small gardens such as are available in the somewhat restricted limits of town and suburbs as dis- tinguished from the more ample gardens of the country. Its author is an accomplished Eng- lish horticulturalist, but his book contains many suggestions of practical value that are as helpful and as useful in America as in Eng- land. It is a volume that will particularly ap- peal to the owner of the modest garden, to the man or woman who has but limited space and perhaps limited means for the cultivation of the gardening art. “The introductory chapters treat of gardens in a general way, and are fol- lowed by detailed discussions of various kinds of flowering plants and groups ot plants, trees and shrubs. “There is a suggestive chapter on roof gardens and others on various types of greenhouses, followed by one on window gar- dening. The concluding chapter of useful hints is by no means the least useful in this very helpful little book. How To Lay Our Susursan' Home Grounb. By Herbert J. Kellaway. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Pp. I2+112. Price, $2.50. This is indeed a welcome addition to gar- den literature and fills a space wholly its own. The author has been fortunate in mapping out a distinctively individual plan for himself and filling in its outlines in a thoroughly suc- cessful and helpful manner. After all, the true test of books relating to gardens is their practical usefulness to the reader. It is a mis- taken notion to look for definite help in books that necessarily must be general in their treat- ment, and it is the definite help that the aver- age garden lover seeks rather than the state- ment of general principles whose practical ap- plication he can not always understand. The general principles, however, are exactly the fundamental laws that underlie the making of all gardens and the treatment of all subur- ban and country places. Mr. Kellaway has undertaken to explain these elementary and es- sential matters in the briefest way and to show how their adoption succeeds and their avoid- ance fails. His plans and sketches, with com- mendable modesty, are offered not as designs to be carried out, but as examples of what can be done. Many a personal problem can, how- ever, be bettered or solved. by a study of his pages, and this is the true end sought in the writing of this book. “The author very wisely refrains from giving extensive lists of shrubs, for, as he pertinently remarks, every lo- cality has plants that are indigenous to it. In- stead, he contents himself with the more use- ful method of directing the reader to means of securing in his own community the knowledge on this subject that every one requires. “The book is adequately illustrated with photo- graphs and plans, and will well repay careful reading and study. LIVE GAME The celebrated Hungarian and English Partridges and Pheasants, the large Hungarian Hares, all kinds of Deer, Quail, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy Pheasants, Ornamental Waterfowl and Live Wild Animals of every description. Write or Price List WENZ & MACKENSEN, Dept. N., YARDLEY, PA. December, 1907 eV Rae AN (TOMES (AND GARDENS x1 Ke, we KG Vor WE has eared ° }) a vo it AW ; Ns Bennet eT rE DEPARTURE IN TONE PRODUCTION. {4 Recent experiments in the direction of tone production made by us have resulted in the perfection of a notable Grand Piano, the Style X (next in size larger than the famous Quarter Grand). It is an instru, ment of rare and exquisite tone, in which quality and not quantity has been the first consid- eration. 4 It is anew departure in modern piano building, and in inviting attention to it we do so with much pride in the success of our efforts. CHICKERING ¢& SONS, 826 Tremont St., BOSTON Catalogue upon request Established 1823 xii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 &&, Ti WOLF MFG CO. — re at} CHICAGO ay af 5 This is where we manufacture our Monarch Porcelain Ware Trenton, New Jersey Uniformity of Design Architects DO appreciate the fact that by specifying Wolff Plumbing Material exclusively they are protecting their clients from the annoying con- fusion of design and mechanical standards that is sure to creep into even the most carefully selected line of “assembled”? plumbing equipment. | WO HR MANUFACTURING e CoO Mr ANY Established 1855 Manufacturers of PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY The Only Complete Line Made by Any One Firm Showrooms: 91 Dearborn St. Denver CHICAGO Trenton Paint That Wears is Paint Based on Oxide of Zinc THE NEW JERSEY ZINC CO. 71 Broadway, New York We do not grind z!: cin oil. 4 list of manufacturers of zinc paints sent on application. GARDEN NOTES FOR DECEMBER O NOT neglect to take in the lawn- D mower, and all other tools used about the home grounds, before the closing in of winter. “To leave these exposed to the weather the year round is to shorten their usefulness at least a third. Neglected tools are never in satisfactory working condition. Last season I had an old hoe, which had outlived its usefulness in its original shape, cut into V-shape at the blacksmith shop. “This I found extremely useful in working among seedling plants, as its point enabled me to pick weeds away from the seedlings growing near them without disturbing the latter in the least. ‘This one can not do very well with the ordi- nary wide-bladed hoe. Another hoe was cut away on each back corner, leaving the blade as wide in front as it was originally, but only an inch in depth at its ends. “This reduction of its surface prevented it from clogging when working in damp soil, and just as much work could be done with it as with a hoe of ordi- nary width. If the cellar wall is high and exposed, bank- ing may have to be resorted to to keep out frost. This ought to be done before very cold weather sets in. Frozen soil will not pack down compactly. Make the bank rather wide, and slope it at such an angle that boards can be laid over it, overlapping in shingle fashion, to carry off rain. A dry soil keeps out the cold much more effectively than a wet one. It also prevents a good deal of the dampness which is found in many cellars, banked in such a manner that the soil used becomes wet with fall rains, and remains in that condition throughout the winter. Of course freezing puts an end to the moisture’s seeping through the wall, but it does not re- move the disagreeable and unsanitary condi- tions which result from detective banking on the interior of the cellar. Let me put in a plea for the above-ground cellar. I would never use a cellar under the dwelling for the storing of vegetables. Noth- ing more unsanitary can well be imagined. Many a case of typhoid and diphtheria has been directly traced to the germ-breeding at- mosphere of the cellar, laden with the poi- sonous gases from decaying vegetable matter. An aboveground cellar is more convenient to every way. It is easier to clear. It costs but little more than the old-style cellar. It can be so arranged that light, heat and ventilation can be regulated to suit the requirements ot the season and the weather much more effec- tively than in an underground cellar. The man who makes himself a new home makes a serious mistake by locating his cellar under the dwelling simply because others have done so so long that few think of putting it any- where else. Study up on the advantages of a cellar aboveground if you contemplate building. We are in the habit of thinking that the cellar requires but little attention until quite late in the season—along toward spring; in fact, such is not the case. More attention is needed now, and a little later, than at any other time. Many of the vegetables stored away will begin to decay almost from the time of storage. This is especially true of imperfect, injured or unripe ones. If these are removed promptly, those which remain are pretty sure to keep well, and much of the gen- eral unsanitariness which characterizes the average cellar during the earlier spring months can be avoided. Therefore let me urge at least a weekly inspection of the con- tents of your cellar, and a sorting out of all vegetables which show a tendency to decay and contamira’e others with which they come in contact. Attention of this kind, given now, November, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS xiii Ideal Heating Cheerful Winter evenings of cozy family comfort—hours so dear to the heart of wife and mother and restful to the bread-winner—are assured by our ways of Low Pres- sure Steam and Water heating with AMERICAN [DEAL RADIATORS BOILERS eS or a ye creer peeeeeentir iulalcnnsesetenenerel TE os High winds cannot arrest nor chil- ling frost offset their ample, gentle, and certain flow of warmth. Do you know that the more any room or rocms are exposed to the cold, the more Steam or Hot Water will auto- matically move in that direction? Every nook and corner is thus made livable—enjoyable. No ash-dirt, soot, and coal gases to vex the tidy housewife, as with stoves or hot-air furnaces—the needless tasks which make slavery for women. Selected for THE SINGER BUILDING, NEW YORK Ernest Flagg, Architect THE TALLEST BUILDING IN THE WORLD These Radiators were chosen only after the Savings in labor, fuel, repairs, and the cleanliness in the use of IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators (made in many sizes for cot- tages up to largest structures) make them paying invest- ments— far beyond 3% on bank money. If your coal bills are large and burly and you have scant comfort, why wait longer with five months’ Winter ahead? OLD buildings can be newly fitted while the old heater stays in place and without disturbing occupants. ADVANTAGE 10: Correctly proportioned circula- tion spaces inside of IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators are a scientifically planned feature. Heat is taken from fire instantly by the Steam or Water; and the free, most rigid examination and exhaustive test of all the radiators in the market, the tests thoroughly demonstrating that Kinnear Pressed Radiators exceeded every possible requirement for efficiency and durability. In the Tower alone the use of these Radiators effects a saving of 100 tons in weight. The economy of enormously valuable space was another consideration, no radiation on earth requiring so little space as Kinnear Pressed Radiators. What applies to the Singer Building applies to any other structure, regardless of size. The small office building, store or residence that installs these Radiators (weighing less than one-third as much as cast-iron) reduces cost of construction and gains materially in space required. And remember that when desired, Kinnear Pressed Radiators may be placed On the Wall— Off the Floor Out of the Way unobstructed circulation insures rapid deliveries of warmth to the rooms— which means full value of fuel money. Note the thin water sheets surrounding the fire surfaces of IDEAL Boilers, which fe A . i ick iti Write for valuable heating books (free) telling of all the ADVAN- re eta aes gr abel. a TAGES. Sales Offices and Warehouses in all large cities. ounce of fuel burned. DEPT. 6 AMERICAN RADIATOR (OMPANY CHICAGO Coho co cae che co ae clo sak hs o ce hs a oe cS ae a If youare building you owe it to yourself to investigate this modern radiation before deciding what you w ill install. Write for Catalog ‘‘D” for any desired in- formation. THE PRESSED RADIATOR CO. PITTSBURGH, PA. Cattle Manure in Bags ‘Pinvevised Best for all indoor and outdoor work. No bad odor, Easily applied, Delivered east of Missouri River. $2.00 per bag (100 Ibs.) Write for circulars. The Pulverized Manure Co. 21 Unien Stock Yards, Chicago. Snow Queen NEW HARDY WHITE HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSE THE “GLOBE” 66 ” ~~ wtatntmor Lhe Globe Ventilator and sold on merit In Galvanized Iron, Brass and Copper Also with Glass Tops for Skylight Simple, Symmetrical, Storm-proof, Effective. For perfectly f ventilating buildings of every character. Send for model and pamphlet. Smoky Chimneys Cured. Ni 6 9”? > : rhi i i na I A for planting out of doors. Flowers large, pure white, beautifulin bud and GLOBE VENTI TED RIDGING when open. Plant hardy, vigorous, and flowers all summer. We con- Patented and sider it the greatest acquisition of recent years. No garden should be Trade-Mark Manufactured by without it. Plants large, strong and field grown, Orders entered now for immediate or Spring delivery. Illustrated catalogue with description of this and other Novelties in Fruits and Trees mailed free ELLWANGER & BARRY Nurserymen — Horticulturists, Rochester, N. Y. Reg: U.S. Pat.Off Globe Ventilator Company : Troy, N. Y. a WO important features that every architect should appreciate. EASY Saving in labor—first cost. Making the building fire-proof 0 —after cost, are two features the owner of the building is pretty apt to want to discuss. Our 56-page booklet, “ Rightly Roofed Buildings,” is full of pointers of interest to architects——it’s free. CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING GO., Philadelphia and Chicago RUT AAAS Hoeven: AANA s il XIV , tYs uNeOe 4 Bre att A CONCRETE RESIDENCE AT BRIARCLIFF MANOR, N. Y. A, G, RICHARDSON, Architect When you build a home use Concrete. It is durable, inexpensive and fire-proof, needs no paint, repairs or fire insurance, 1s warmer in winter, cooler in summer than any other style of construction and is adaptable to any style of architecture. We have just published a second edition of CONCRETE COUNTRY RESIDENCES which contains photographs and floor plans of over 150 Completed Concrete Houses, designed by the best architects in the country, which should be of immense value to you in planning your house. A copy of this 160 page book (size 10 x 12 inches) will be sent express prepaid, upon receipt of $1.00. THE ATLAS PORTLAND CEMENT CO., new YoRK xviii AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 These Buildings and Over 8000 Others are Supplied by The Kewanee System of Water Supply AVE. you a water supply problem to solve? The Kewanee System will solve it satisfactorily and economically. We guarantee successful operation, or your plant may be returned at our expense of freight charges and your money will be refunded. All the conveniences and protection of the best city water works are afforded, without the incon- veniences, expense and annoyance which go hand in hand with inferior systems. Our guarantee and the successful operation of over 8000 Kewanee Systems are your assurance of entire satisfaction. The Kewanee System of Water Supply is being used for an almost endless variety of re- quirements,—for city, suburban and country resi- dences, farms, schools, hotels, public institutions, apartment buildings, neighborhood water works, and small towns. The technical and practical knowledge of our hydraulic engineers and our intimate knowledge of this subject gained from over ten years’ experience, are at your service. In the Kewanee System, there is no elevated tank to mar the landscape view, to leak, freeze, or collapse; and no dangerous and inefficient attic tank is required. Air pressure delivers the water to all fixtures and hydrants. Write for our complete 64-page illustrated catalogue which explains everything. Ask for catalogue No. 36. Kewanee Water Supply Co., Kewanee, Ill. No. 32 Broadway, New York City. 820 Marquette Building, Chicago. 404 Equitable Bldg., Baltimore. CASEMENT WINDOWS make this new house attractive and com- fortable. OUR HOLDFAST ADJUSTER makes its casements the easiest, hand- iest sash te work you ever saw. Avoids opening screens in old or new houses. Is making casements popular throughou: the United States. Our beautiful FREE Booklet tells why. The Casement HardwareCo. Record-Herald Building, CHICAGO Philosophy of Protective Paint A practical treatise on the subject of protective paint by a practical paint man of long experience. Write for free copy No. 106 B. Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J. bery a part of the distance up the center of the beds from the rear, thus giving a back- ground for the hardy perennials, which will be massed each side of the shrubbery. In planting the bed they may be massed as in hardy borders or a single plant devoted to each bed. This, however, limits the variety of plants, or calls for a considerable number ot beds, so that it will be more practical to devote a few beds to one or more kinds of flowers— as lilies and paeonies, roses and beds of iris and foxgloves, and mass the perennials in the remaining beds. It is always practical and desirable to border the beds with rows of early spring bulbs and edging plants. As what to plant in the garden resolves itself into a question of room and ability to care for the garden after it is planted, and there is no more common mistake of the ama- teur than to undertake more than they can accomplish, it is usually more satisfactory to have a number of the best varieties of certain plants than to have a great number of kinds of plants, and but one or two of a kind. A dozen good varieties is preferable to a score of kinds, several of which might be inferior. Naturally one will wish to plant liberally of roses, especially of the teas and hybrid teas, and the radiating beds are especially practical for the growing of roses, as the June roses may be planted in the rear, the China, Bengal and perpetuals in the middle, and the front and sides of the beds devoted to the use of the teas. Paeonies, too, should be grown to a con- siderable extent, selecting the best types of the several colors and not overlooking the single flowers, which are so artistic. “The tree paeo- nies may be grown through the center of the beds and massed at the rear with excellent effect. “he paeony bed is one of the most sat- isfactory places for establishing the garden lilies, and the more common sorts may be massed in large clumps in the rear, leaving the more conspicuous parts of the beds for the finer classes, especially those of low growth, such as the various speciosum varieties, the coral lily, L. tenuifolium, and the like. The auratums, which grow quite tall, and are con- spicuous anywhere, the giganteums, washing- toniums, browni, and other tall-growing va- rieties, may be planted through the center and at the rear. The various iris are a prime essential of the hardy garden, and the collection of fine va- rieties offers a most interesting series. Carna- tions are indispensable to the summer garden, and the florists’ carnations do exceedingly well planted out in the open ground and well sup- plied with water. Heliotrope is another plant which well repays summer cultivation, and the large ruffled petunias should find a place in every garden. These two last are espe- cially suited for massing at the beginnings of the beds, being low, of constant blooming habit and furnishing an effective foreground for the taller plants beyond. Pansies may be massed in beds or used to edge the beds, plant- ing several rows in line. Dahlias are so rank and tall that it will be necessary to plant them through the center of the beds or in the rear. This is true also of the cannas, ricinus, and other ornamental plants, and the needs of such plants as require a background to bring out their good points should be considered and the presence of these tall plants taken advantage of. Aquilegias are much improved by a background of green; so, too, is the scarlet lychnis, the tritoma, the cardinal flower and a few other flowers. Nearly all plants gain by a bright ribbon of color next the ground, and for purposes of edging the various phlox Drummondii will be found indispensable. Dwarf ageratum is also a most desirable flower, but the seed must be purchased with discretion and only the December, 1907 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS x1x very dwarf variety selected. Double English daisies are charming, and sweet alyssum is too old a favorite to need commendation; it has the fault of seeding badly, but where cement walks are used is not troublesome, as the plants drooping over the edge of the beds shed little seed on the soil. Garden seats are necessary if one is to really enjoy the garden, and should be placed wher- ever there is room and a fine view of the beds are to be obtained. ‘This will be at the be- ginning of the beds and at the ends of the long paths usually, especially at the end of paths bordered by plants in long rows, as iris or foxgloves, as these plants look best when viewed lengthwise of the rows rather than across. If the garden posseses more than one level, that is, if the rear portion, for instance, is lower than the upper part, the view from the lower point up will usually be the best in the garden, and this should be taken ad- vantage of in locating seats. THE PREPARATION OF CURRANT JUICE AND MARMALADE By Dr. W. Donselt ali most important things in the prep- aration of currant juice and marma- lade, as well as in all other high-class fruit products of the kind, are that the fruit should be fresh and the sugar pure. The fruit is best dead ripe, as in that state it has the finest flavor, the strongest aroma and the best color. It should also be gathered in dry weather; the juice is then most concentrated and will keep its flavor best. The currants should be freed from the stems, as these con- tain considerable tannic acid, which will al- ways give a bitter and disagreeable taste to the marmalade; and this can be most con- veniently done when they are picked by means of a wooden comb. Refined, unblued sugar is the purest, and has the greatest sweetening power, therefore it is the best for the purpose. About ten per cent. of starch syrup (glucose) is frequently added; this is said to preserve the aroma and prevent the crystallization of the sugar after the evaporation. For preparing currant juice, fine ripe cur- rants are to be freed from the stems and crushed with rollers, or a pestle in a clay vessel. The pulp thus obtained is set away to ferment, in a covered earthen vessel, at a temperature of about 68 degrees Fahrenheit. The fermentation is allowed to go on for a week or ten days, during which time the mass should be frequently stirred. It may be con- sidered finished when a little of the juice, filtered off, will mix with half as much alcohol without changing color and without any jelly- like separation. ‘The fruit mass is then to be set in a cool, dark room, covered, for several days, or until it has nearly cleared; then filtered through filter paper and boiled, 7 parts of juice to 13 parts of sugar. “The syrup will be red, with an agreeable currant aroma. In preparing this or other fruit juices, cher- ries, raspberries, etc., iron or tin vessels should be avoided, as they are liable to affect the color and flavor. Copper or brass are best, but care must be taken to pour out the juice while hot into glass or earthen vessels, as some copper would be dissolved in cooling, and discolor the syrup, also make it poisonous and unfit for use. To make sure that the syrup will keep well, it is absolutely necessary for the fermentation to be carried on at the prescribed temperature, and to be entirely finished. In preparing large quantities of juice, the best KIMBALL PIPE ORGANS FOR RESIDENCES The W. W. Kimball Co. point with pride to the many residence pipe organs installed by them, among which are the following : Mrs. Nicholas Senn, Chicago Mrs. H. O. Stone, Chicago Mrs. George M. Pullman, Chicago Mr. Edwin Norton, New York Mr. Thomas Lowry, Minneapolis Mr. H. G. Selfridge, Lake Geneva Mrs. W. W. Kimball, Chicago Mr. W. I. Pratt, Iowa City, Ia. Gen. Henry O. Strong, Lake Geneva Gen. Henry O. Strong, Santa Barbara Mr. R. E. Tod, New York Mr. M. Beltzhoover, Ardsley-on-Hudson, N. Y. Mr. P. A. Valentine, Chicago Mrs. Benjamin, Milwaukee, Mr. Geo. Christian, Minneapolis Mrs. W. J. Young, Clinton, Ia. en anos aanioc aeRO TN ; Kimball Pipe Organ with Soloist, upper ha!) ot private residence. THE KIMBALL SOLOIST is a new feature for residence pipe organs and is the world’s most remarkable achievement in self-playing devices. to execute solo parts like the flute, furnish simultaneously the orchestral accompaniment. direct and perfect. It enables the performer oboe, clarinet, violin, CLC:, and to Its operation 1s Everything which is possible to the professional organist can be attained by the amateur using the ordinary rolls or controllers and does not New York Office 150 Fifth Ave. COUNTRY Homes. Bt ee GARDENS © MODERATE Cost The New Book and Gardens THE BOOK FREE! W. W. KIMBALL & CO. (Established 1857) TWO ror ONE, «1 ONE FREE! “Country Homes Moderate Cost.” A beautiful cloth bound book 9x12 inches, heavy require rolls of special manufacture, thus placing the entire library of music at the instant disposal of the owner of a ‘* Soloist’” organ. The “Soloist,” or solo device. may be built in any organ and in no way interferes with the in- strument manually The organ is equally efficient for the expression of the various shades and varieties of musical thought by the master organist or the amateur using the self-playing attachment. For further particulars write Pipe Organ Dept. Chicago Office 239-253 Wabash Ave. The Magazine MON TAL: MAGAZINE DEVOTED “1S > THEEHONE Pages Monthly. de Beautifully Printed. 25c. a Copy $3.00 a Year of ann The handsomest magazine in America. Brimfn1 aved plate paper, containing 200 PLANS and ILLUSTRA- TIONS of houses costing from $800 to $6,000, designed by the foremost architects and fully described. Also practical chapters on the whole subject of home building, choosing a site, styles, design, material, finish, fire-proofing, furnishing, wall decoration, planting and gardens, all by authoritative writers. Whether you are planning to buy, build or im- prove a home-place, you will need and enjoy this artistic and practical work which is made exclusively oO SU beer Doks to HousE & GARDEN, FREE OF OUR SPECIAL OFFE for examination. absolutely free. at our expense, We send this book at no cost to you, together with current copy of ‘House and Garden” If you like ‘‘House and Garden,” simply send us $3 for a full year’s subscription, and we will present you “Country Homes of Moderate Cost” If you do not want them return the book only within 5 days Country Homes and Gardens of Moderate Cost | BOTH House and Garden, 25c. a Copy, $3 a year { FOR The JOHN C. WINSTON CO., Publishers, Philadelphia, Pa. of modern and practical ideas, and beautiful repro- ductions, of special value and interest to the home. lover, covering the whole field of artistic building, gardening, decorating, etc., showing how to make one dollar do the work of two, and earning the subscription price many times over. Timely articles by leading architects, decorators and landscape gardeners, and other authorities from month to month, giving the newest and sanest ideas on how to make the most of your house and garden, Send nomoney! Signand mail the coupon in lower corner. $3 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1907 Pe NE ; ee, MO Ova” Sarr an OO DPN ay pr” Fi Se STO), CIGNSY AB? WY” OS” LALO oh SS Et FA SO M626 M640 i643 This photograph is directly from the goods, and shows ‘heir exact size. ae M 625; Solid Gold La Valliere, Polished Chain, Roman Ornament, Your selections will be sent promptly, all charges prepaid, upon receipt of price, Satisfaction evaratflegg. Solid Gold Tie Gasp, Roman Finish ssbeesuaee Enameled Flower, 8 Baroque Peerls, Diamond Center $15.00 M 634: Solid Gold Brooch, Roman Finish .. . 1.25 M626: Solid Gold Brooch or Chatelaine Pin, 26 Half Pearls, Rose M 635: Solid Gold Ear Screws, 2 Rose Diamonds 5.75 Gold Flower i . 450 || M636; Solid Gold Pendant, Baroque Pearl ee . 3.00 M 627; Solid Gold Brooch, Enameled Flower, 2 Baroque Pearls. 5.50 M 637: Solid Silver Stamp Box, Satin Finish . ae 65 M 628: Sold Gold Brooch, Enameled Leaves, 2 Baroque Pearls, 1 | M 638: Solid Gold Emblem Button, 32nd Degree... 1,25 Amethyst, » 150 | M 639; Solid Silver Coffee Spoon, Gilded Bowl 5 M 629: Solid Gold Cross, Plain Roman Finish . 500° | M 640; Solid Gold Scarf Pin, Swastika Cross M 630; Fine Gold Filled Locket, Masonic, Garnet and 14 White M 641: Solid Rose Gold Hinge Bracelet, Signet ., 9.00 Stones 2.60 M 642: Solid Gold Scarf Pin, Plain Roman Signet viet, 2,00 M 63 Solid Gold Waist Set, 3 Pins, 3 Turquoises 4.00 M 643; Solid Gold Hat Pin, Signet, Rose Finish % we 3,25 M 682; Fine Diamond Ring Carved Mounting 20.00 M 644: Solid Silver Coffee Spoon, Gilded Bowl . 50 WORTH GIVING” There is no safer “CHRISTMAS GIFT The pleasure of giving is in proportion to the welcome a gift receives... To insure appreciation we must give wisely. course than to select practically your entire (1st from the great metropolitan assortments of JEWELRY, DIAMONDS, SILVER, SHEFFIELD OR PEACOCK PLATE, CUT GLASS, and high class Imported Novelties, 6o easily accessible in the historic house of “PEACOCK : CHICAGO : ESTABLISHED 1837” Our Entirely New SHOPPING GUIDE No. 6 Places City Prices and every convenience of selection and purchase within reach of our thousands of patrons at every point in the known world. It is not only a striking example of fine printing, but is ‘the most complete, most authoritative and most frequently referred-to book of its kind yet pub- lished, and the tntegrity of tts Sescripuons renders it an absolutely safe guide at any distance. It is enlarged to 224 Pages and contains more than 6,000 *‘portraits from life’ of superior things for every imaginable gift occasion. They are reproduced photographs direct from the goods —not clever drawings. It exhibits items ranging from 25 cents to $1,200—every article guarded by the famous ‘‘ Peacock Guaranty,”’ for 70 years inviolable, Write at once for New “Shopping Guide No. 6"; it will go promptly and without charge to any point in the world. A postal suffices. C . D. PEAC OCK Importers and Mastercraftsmen CHICAGO CHINA, LEATHER Merchants in Diamonds : Stationers : et cetera ESTABLISHED in 1837 in Gold and Stlver STATE STREET, at Adams . A SS ee eo. 7 eNO Pa Pear” Well Chosen Wall Coverings Nothing adds more to the artistic atmosphere of a room than well chosen wall coverings. Harmony of color should be the key note—a perfect blending with the general color scheme of the whole apartment. FAB-RI-KO-NA (Trade Mark Registered in U. S. Pat. Off. and in Pat. Off.in Gt. Britain) WOVEN WALL COVERINCS afford an artistic background for any decorative effect. The shades are so varied and beautiful that the most pleasing color combinations are possible, while the strength of the fabric, its resistance to wear and tear, make FAB-RI-KO-NA Woven Wall Coverings extremely desirable. FAB-RI-KO-NA colors are very fast. No other woven wall covering can stand the ‘‘ Sun Tests ’’ that prove FAB-RI-KO-NA colors permanent. Trade Mark ‘‘ FAB-RI-KO-NA’’ on back of goods. For all who contemplate interior decoration our experts will suggest a color scheme free of charge. If interested, write for particulars about this specialand valuable service. Beautiful Portfolio of ten designs in color, by John Taylor and John Ednie, sent postpaid for 10 cents. H. B. WIGGIN’S SONS CO., 12 Arch Street, Bloomfield, N. J. FAB-RI-KO-NA Woven Wall Coverings are known and sold by all first-class Decorators. M644] : AN “ay, io SESE Cam “e/ 7 ¥ S Wg ae Ay n> Silt Gey = Ly 4 + ee Fg eS » I se ys vessel for the fermentation is a closed cask, in the bung hole of which is inserted an air- tight glass tube, not too small, and twice bent, with the shorter arm dipping into a vessel of water. When no more bubbles of gas rise in the water, the fermentation is finished. ‘The juice is now allowed to settle and is then fil- tered. The settlings may be placed upon the filter first, and the thin juice poured on until it runs through clear, or this may be poured off from the settlings, which is usually the quicker and better way. If the juice is not yet clear, shake it up with the residue of the filtering, or add skim-milk, which will do good service. In boiling the syrup, the sugar is to be added before it is very hot, after this is dissolved in- crease the heat, and boil without stirring until the foaming, which will be violent at first, has ceased. Take off the scum, and pour the syrup carefully through a piece of flannel into bottles, cork these well, and set away in a cool dark place. Red currant juice is often used to disguise the taste of seltzer water or other medicines; it gives a pleasant acid flavor and is refresh- ing and stimulating. To prepare black currant juice, boil two quarts of the currants in one quart of water until all have burst. Do not boil too hard; if the fruit become a mash, the juice will not be clear. When the currants are soft, put through a sieve and filter. For each pound of juice take three quarters of a pound of sugar, dissolve this in the juice before heat- ing, and then boil, with skimming, about half an hour. Put the syrup into the bottles as hot as possible, and let it cool in them. Thus a skin, or film, will be formed, which will help to preserve the syrup. When cool, cork the bottles, and keep in a cool place. Black currant juice is sometimes used as a remedy for a cough. In making marmalade, the currants are to be pressed through a sieve. For each pound of the pulp take thirteen ounces of the best crushed sugar, and boil to a jelly over a not too hot fire. When it will “jelly” on the spoon, remove from the fire and put into jars hot. Do not boil it too hard, as the color and flavor will be injured thereby. Let the jars stand about forty-eight hours, then cover the surface with strips of parchment paper dipped in rum or in alcoholic salicylic solution, and close the jars with stiff paper or a bladder. Marmalade can also be made from black currants, reckoning one hundred pounds of currants to fifty pounds of sugar, and cooking as described above. In Germany, especially in the Rhine countries, both red and black surrant marmalade are eaten with bread, also used for tarts and puddings.—Pure Products. Colonial Houses FOR MODERN HOMES A collection of designs of Houses with Colonial (Georgian) details but arranged with modern com- forts and with the completeness of the twentieth century. Written and Illustrated dy E. S. CHILD, Architect They show large, correctly drawn perspectives, full floor plans, and complete descriptions, with estimates of cost. The designs are new, original, unique, consistent, but not stiff nor constrained. Made, not by an artist, but by an architect. They combine beauty of exterior with complete and convenient interiors, with Kitchens, Laundries, Pantries and Closets carefully and skilfully con- sidered. If you are at all interested in the subject, you will enjoy this publication. PRICE, Postpaid, TWO DOLLARS MUNN & COMPANY 361 Broadway 2 : New York City Sample and A House Lined with Circular “" 2 Mincral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The liaing is vermin-proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. Correspondence Solicited. iS awiineral (Woel Go: 140 Cedar St., NEW YORK CITY. @ Foyer of The First Church of Christ Sci- entist, Boston, Massachusetts in which we laid 30,000 square feet of INTERLOCKING RUBBER TILING in solid color, to har- monize-with the gen- eral scheme of deco- ration of the interior INTERLOCKING RUBBER 5TILING Pees Rie EC TF £00. R halls, billiard -rooms, smoking-rooms, cafes, libraries, churches, hospitals, hotels, bathrooms, kitchens, etc. q@ Samples, estimates and special designs furnished upon applica- tion. @ Beware of infringers. @ Patented. es business offices, banking-rooms, court-rooms, vestibules, MANUFACTURED SOLELY BY NEW YORK BELTING ¢& PACKING CO. 91 AND 93 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK [LTD. Philadelphia . 116-120 N. 8th St. Buffalo ‘ Chicago. ‘ . 150 Lake St. Pittsburg . é Oakland, Cal. 918 Broadway Indianapolis, Ind. Boston : . 232 Summer St. St. Louis. 5 Baltimore . 5 . 114 W. Baltimore St. 600 Prudential Bldg. 528 Park Bldg. 229 S. Meridian St. 218 Chestnu* St. T this time, when Colonial deco- ration obtains to such an extent, itis a satis- faction to know that your lighting fixtures not only pl operly light your rooms but also are strictly in accor- dance with the history and traditions of Colonial times. @ For the protection of our clients, our trade-mark will be found on each and every piece of work made by us. The Enos Company MAKERS OF LIGHTING FIXTURES 5 West 39th Street, New York City Baltimore, 519 N. Charles Street; Washington, 818 Connecticut Ave.; San Francisco, 1701 C Gough Street ; Atlanta, Ga., 730 Candler el Nel alee Building ; Toronto, 94 King Street, West ; \ Montreal, Bank of Toronto Building. Pittsburg: G.P. Norton, Penn at 4th St. noe New England Representatives BIGELOW, KENNARD & CO., BOSTON WROUGHT IRON FENCE And Entrance Gates WIRE FENCING Ornamental Iron Work Tree~ Guards, Lawn Furniture Etc Tennis Court Enclosures f/ Specialty F-E-CARPENTER CO 7&9 WARREN S$ NEW YORK 30% SAVED OAK VENEERED DOORS IN STOGK ALL SIZES. PLADE IN STOCK QUANTITIES, SOLD AT STOCK PRICES, CARRIED IN STO THE FOSTER-MUNGER (0. AMERIGAS GREATEST SASH & DOOR HOUSE CHICAGO, U:S-A: WRITE FOR VENEERED DOOR BOOK 1448 E ae 1 wi faa ALT BL VER SIEY Go | | Trade Mark REG.U.S.PAT. OFF. Necco SWEETS ——SS— New England Confectionery Co -BOSTON: Look for this Seal on every box of Confectionery you buy. The Meaning of Necco Sweets Confectionery excellence—from the careful selection of every ingredient —through a most perfect process of manufacture in a factory of ideal cleanliness—to the final packing and sealing of each box— this is the mean- ing of Necco Sweets. The seal here shown is tne mark by which you may know the five hundred and more varieties of fine confec- tionery sold under the general name of Necco Sweets. As an example try a box of nok Goorin They represent the high standard of the other five hun- dred varieties. You will find many delightful flavors daintily hidden ‘neath a coat of rich chocolate. All dealers who sell high grade goods have Necco Sweets. If your dealer does not sell them, send us 25c. for an attrac- tive package of Lenox Chocolates; or, better still, order one of our special $1,00 packages in a handsome art box. Peer- less Wafers and Necco Tablets are two other ‘‘Necco’’ favor- ites. The best assurance of their wholesomeness is the fact that Necco Sweets are above the requirements of all Pure Food Laws. NEW ENGLAND CONFECTIONERY COMPANY, Summer and Melcher Sts., BOSTON, MASS. whge wi