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SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE
[ - 361 — Broodway - NewYork
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xe i Wo 2) 8e Ay || Is Your Bathtub
| Slippery?
PORCELAIN
BNAMBLED
- Baths & One Piece
_ Lavatories
Pwtwicnprnaamesesmene
' wren
Falis—Are caused either by foot-
slipping on the bottom of tub, or by
hand-slipping on the rim. Men slip
mainly with the hands; women, mainly
with the feet. The «* CANT-SLIP’’
appliances prevent both kinds.
Foot-slipping—\s prevented by
an all-rubber mat, safe, sanitary, large,
light, and thoroughly comfortable. The
surface is like cloth—no sharp edges to
hurt. A neat, nickeled hanger comes with
it, and takes care of mat when not in use.
Made in six lengths and two widths.
The average tub takes a 36x15 inch mat.
Price at your dealer’s, $3.00.
Hand-slipping—ls prevented by
a rubber grip, attached to the rim (see
lower cut ). This grip is shaped and surfaced
so as to give a firm hold to the hand, no
matter how soapy and slippery. One
grip is enough. Price at your dealer’s,
$2.00.
In every home where the bathroom is the fount of family health,
“Standard” fixtures remain the preferred equipment to every man and woman 4 fj) ;
who takes pride in home surroundings. : . fee If you find any difficulty in getting mat
“Stavdard” Fixtures are so beautiful in design and appearance, so pericct in theis Bi or grip, write us direct, and goods will be
total freedom from cracks and crevices that their installation in your home, n Bl :
only is a source of never ending personal satisfaction, but increases the value of = delivered anywhere east of Omaha at
your property far beyond the original cost of the fixtures themselves. 2 : prices named.
The fixtures shown in this illustration, “Statdard” Modern Bathroom Design P-37
cost approximately $81.50, not counting piping and labor.
Whether you want an entire bathroom equipment, or only a lavatory, you
will find our handsome book, “MODERN BATHROOMS” of the greatest
assistance. It shows many simple, inexpensive interiors as well as luxur-
ious ones} gives expert advice, suggestions for decoration and approximate
cost of each fixture. Sent on receipt of six cents postage. (100 pages.)
CAUTION: Every piece of “Stattdard” Ware bears our guarantee “Standard” ‘‘ Green and Gold A taben
and has our trade-mark “Standard” cast on the outside. Unless the label and trade-mark are on fhe i
ture, it is not “Standard’ Ware. Refuse substitutes—they are all inferior and will cost you more in the end.
Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. pevt.23 PITTSBURGH, PA.
Offices and Puta Neva ero Gone eee West 3ist Street EE é Th e Ca ntslt p B athtub Applia nce Co.
56-58 Pine Street, New York
Use Lord & Burnham Co.’s
G
eens
ce
pe A
\ i) -
They are straight, durable and easily set in C @) Z H Oo me
Cast IRON Gur place. Being exposed to the inside heat of
the house, they readily free themselves from
snow and ice. Our gutters are provided with grooves to catch drip from roof, and
- patent iron clasps for fastening sash bars; also fittings to fasten the posts underneath.
whether large or small, is
the result of the use of
; oh PARQUETRY FLOORING
These gutters can be used with any style of house They outwear many car- |
PRICES UPON APPLICATION pets, and meet the taste * 6
Write to our New York Office for Greenhouse Construction Catalogue; also Heating and Ventilating Catalogue, ' (&E of the most fastidious
which will be mailed on request
Write for Pattern Catalogue and Price List
LORD & BURNHAM COMPANY The Interior Hardwood Co.
e New York Office General Office and Works
ST. JAMES BLDG., 1133 BROADWAY IRVINGTON-ON-HUDSON, N. Y.
MANUFACTURERS
INDIANAPOLIS, IND. iar)
“a
Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year
CONTENDS FOR JULY; 1905
THE ENTRANCE FRoNtT——“ The Rocks ”
FLOWER-LOvERS LUNCHING UNDER BEAUTIFUL WISTARIA ARBORS, Tokyo, Japan
MonTHLY COMMENT
NoraBLe AMERICAN Homes—‘ The Rocks,” the Country Seat of Eben D. Jordan, Esc.,
Wes cuhubnchestene Vass... Carentan nets Mian. d Ne eae Nara Ghat 5 Sinielece é By Barr Ferree
JAPANESE WISTARIA ARBORS
‘““ KINGDOR,” a Swiss Chalet
“ Hituouse,” the Italian Villa of Floyd Ferris, Esq.
Fire PRorectTion: The Question of Fireproof
LES RESTON GEOR (Gis iii 8 OC INg MR DSS) DSO) te ae nie el een ae
MEicmPeNers tiesumimer Llome omGeorgel. Walkemisq. .....04/s..50- 5.008 eee ee
Heirs to Home BvuiLpING: Furnishing the House
SCIENCE FOR THE Home: The Dangers of Cheap Houses
AMERICAN GARDEN STATUARY
PLANTs AND Music
By Joy Wheeler Dow
By dlice M. Kellogg
By Charles F. Holder
THE GARDEN: The Garden Month by Month—July
Tue HovuseEnotLp: Syndicated Service—Taste in Household Decoration
Civic BETTERMENT: The Political Aspect—Ways to Help: The Individual
The Kitchen. Sanitary Improvements of the Home.
New Books. Fifty Suggestions for the House.
New Building Patents. Publishers’ Department.
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, 1905. Price, 25 cents. $3.00 a year.
Combined Rate for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and AMERICAN HOMES AND
GARDENS, $5.00 per year. Rate of suecieuen eet HOMES AND
GARDENS to foreign countries, $4.00 a year. :: :: i: Published Monthly by
MUNN & COMPANY, Office of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, 361 Broadway, New York.
[Copyright, 1905, by Munn & Company. Application made for entry as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y.]
NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he
cannot hold hirnself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be enclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy.
Nis Series of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BUILDING MONTHLY. Established in 1885.
84696
Japan
Tokyo,
Lovers Lunching Under Beautiful Wistaria Arbors,
Flower
AMERICAN
HOMES AND GARDENS
Rear Porch
“The Rocks,” Country Seat of Eben D. Jordan, Esq., at West Manchester, Mass.
10 AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS July, 1905
Monthly Comment
MERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
comes to its readers in this number as a mag-
azine that is at once old and new. It is old
in so far as it is the first issue of a new series
of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BUILDING
Monru_y. Unlike other magazines, there-
fore, it has, from its first present issue, an assured and wide
support, the support of an established clientele and the
prestige of many years of successful publication in another
form. But, save for this relation to its predecessor, the
magazine is wholly and completely new.
THE Home is the watchword of AMERICAN HoMES AND
GARDENS—the home as a place to be located and built, to
be designed and constructed, to be furnished and arranged,
to be adjusted to its environment, to be adapted to individual
and personal needs; a place to be lived in, a place in which
the manifold duties and activities of the country life are
centered and originated. This programme is a broad one,
for it leaves nothing untouched that relates to the physical
aspect of the home, and is directly concerned with the in-
fluences these conditions have upon the home life itself.
And the outdoor environment of the house will have equal
attention in these pages, the gardens and fields, the streets
and roads, the villages and towns. For the modern house
is not a structure standing apart by itself, an object apart
from every other object; but it is distinctly related to every-
thing adjacent to it. All these matters come well within
the scope of this magazine, and all will be adequately treated
in it. Our programme will, therefore, be developed in the
broadest way.
Tue American home—the house, its furnishings, and its
garden surroundings—has a strongly marked individuality,
whose charm has won for it a well-earned and widely ac-
knowledged reputation. The free use of the connecting arch
and the portiére within the house, and.the wide-spreading
porch without; the broad sweep of lawn or garden, un-
walled and bordered by the public way—these are distinctive
characteristics which will be richly illustrated and described
in AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, by photographs of
the best work of the architect, art dealer, decorator and
landscape artist, as combined in typical examples. For-
tunately the growth of the American people in artistic ap-
preciation has kept pace with their growth in wealth; they
have made free use of their broader opportunities for travel ;
and their houses are being steadily enriched with intelli-
gently selected art treasures, and decorated in those styles
which have gained a wide acceptance as being true and en-
during. This has been done without any sacrifice of the
distinctly American features of our domestic architecture.
These facts will be abundantly demonstrated in the pages
of the new magazine.
THE best domestic work of our leading architects will be
illustrated with a wealth of illustration and a completeness
of detail attained by no other publication. So, too, the most
interesting gardens of America will be presented with the
same care, and numerous special articles on matters relating
to the home and garden will add to the magazine’s value.
AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS looks back upon a
successful career of twenty years. The first issue was dated
November, 1885, and the magazine was then known as the
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ EDI-
TION. ‘This was in the early days of architectural periodical
publication, and neither the material nor the mechanical
means was at hand for adequate presentation of architectural
themes. ‘Iwenty years ago is by no means a remote epoch,
yet the domestic country work, which is now so representa-
tive of the best thought of our architects, was then quite
undeveloped. ‘here were no photographic reproductions
in this first issue, but it contained two colored plates and a
‘detail’ sheet. The new magazine evidently filled a place
and met a want, for in less than a year a small country house
—published in the number for October, 1886—attracted so
much attention that the entire edition was quickly exhausted,
necessitating a republication of this design in the issue for
December following. ‘The incident is of value as demon-
strating, at a very early day, the public appreciation of the
new publication.
ONCE begun, the Architects’ and Builders’ Edition of the
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN embarked upon a prosperous and
busy career. The first photograph was printed in the num-
ber for July, 1888, and from that time onward every ad-
vantage was taken of the rapidly perfecting art of reproduc-
ing photographs, until the magazine became universally
recognized and appreciated for the beauty of its illustrations,
a feature that has always had the most careful attention and
to which the success of the publication has been largely due.
The next most significant event in the history of the magazine
occurred with the issue for January, 1902, when the name
was changed to the more harmonious form of the SCIEN-
TIFIC AMERICAN BuILpING MonrTu_y. The history of
the magazine from that date to the present is too freshly
in the minds of our readers to need further comment. Each
issue in the past has been marked by an improvement over
the preceding issue, and this record, continued for so long a
time, is sufiicient warranty for the future which AMERICAN
HoMEs AND GARDENS has for its readers.
A GrouP of illustrations in the first issue of the ScIEN-
TIFIC AMERICAN, ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ EDITION,
reproduces several new buildings then ranked as among the
most prominent in New York. It is a highly significant fact,
and most flattering to their architects, that each of these can
be so ranked to-day. ‘They included the Produce Exchange,
the house of Mr. W. K. Vanderbilt, the Dakota Apartment
House, the Eden Musée, and the Central Park Apartments,
now known as the Navarro Flats. ‘These constitute a not-
able group of buildings. The Produce Exchange was, for
many years, the largest brick building in America, and still
holds its own, both in size and in architectural merit, among
the great structures of the Metropolis. Mr. Vanderbilt’s
house, although not then nor now the largest private resi-
dence in New York, is still one of our most beautiful private
city houses, and a dwelling of quite unusual architectural
grace. The Dakota well holds its own among the gaudy
and ornate splendors of later apartment houses. The Eden
Musée is an excellent type of the contemporary French
architecture of its day. The Navarro Flats are certainly
imposing and are more restrained in treatment than it is
likely they would be were they to be built to-day. They con-
stitute an interesting group of buildings that, notwithstand-
ing the vast changes in New York architecture since they
were built, is still interesting and important.
July, 1905
ANEREOAN | HOMES
AND GARDENS V1
Notable American Homes
By Barr Ferree
“The Rocks,’ The Country Seat of Eben D. Jordan, Esq., West Manchester, Mass.
PICTURESQUE place, picturesquely sit-
uated, is a rapid but quite accurate descrip-
tion of Mr. Jordan’s extensive country seat
at West Manchester. In reality it is much
at once studied and natural. It is studied, in
that the utmost advantage has been made of the natural sur-
roundings; it is natural, in that the organic beauties of the
site—the elements of natural attractiveness that determined
the erection of a building on this spot, and the development
more than this, for its picturesque quality is —
charm of the estate, and the charm of each is not only great
of its kind, but the immediate juxtaposition of such diverse
developments of nature is itself beautiful ana impressive.
Quite naturally, therefore, the rocky formation gives the
name, ‘“‘ The Rocks,” to the estate; quite naturally the house
is placed on the furthest verge of the land, immediately over-
looking the sea; and quite naturally a thoroughly pictur-
esque style of architecture was chosen for the building, very
happily in keeping with the irregular character of the sur-
roundings.
3S cae WS Te MONS A mo ea wD
2 GS of ere toe bY ee
ae
The Terrace
of a large country estate here—have, in their turn, been
correlated to the house, the grounds and other buildings.
These matters are quite essential to the well-being of a
house from an architectural standpoint, and they are funda-
mental truths that are very excellently illustrated in this fine
dwelling. The landscape at once determined the general
style of the house and gave it itsname. A vast pile of rocks,
thoroughly picturesque as such natural formations invariably
are, bound the water side of the estate, beyond which are the
deep waters of the Atlantic. Further inland is a magnificent
forest. These two features constitute the great natural
The house is reached by a splendid avenue that approaches
it through grounds laid out with fine taste and kept in beau-
tiful condition. It leads immediately to a spacious fore-
court, where a flight of stone steps is the approach to a ter-
race, grassed and planted in the Italian style and containing
carved marble seats and tables. Verandas on either side
bring the house onto the terrace, one of them serving as an
outdoor living-room.
The house is built of rough-faced red brick with Indiana
limestone trimmings. ‘The upper story is chiefly in half-
timber work. ‘The Elizabethan has been chosen for the
12
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
“The Rocks’”-—The Hall
July, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 13
July, 1905
“The Rocks ””—The Dining-Room
“The Rocks” —The Drawing-Room
14 AMERICAN HOMES
architectural forms, and the
materials and style are ad-
mirably adapted to the pic-
turesque landscape in which
the house is situated. Ram-
pant lions on columns on
either side of the main
doorway are both orna-
mental in themselves and
sufficiently dignify the chief
entrance.
ivowsar d thelyseay the
house presents an ensemble
of half-timbered gables,
deeply sloping roofs, mas-
sive chimneys and retreat-
ing and projected masses;
harmoniously combined, it
is true, but offering that
varied quality of form and
outline which is properly in
keeping with the natural
scenery in which it is placed.
The sea front is, in truth,
a clever adaptation of the
regular to irregular effects.
The salient features of the
house plan stand out in the
two projections whose
gable ends form the distin-
guishing characteristics of
this front. One of these
gables is broken by a
chimney whose massive base
“The Rocks”—The Staircase
“The Rocks ””»—A Chamber
AND GARDENS July, 1905
rises in strongly cut recess-
ings until a tall group of
chimney stacks cleaves one
side of the gable just below
its apex. It is a daring de-
vice, because while the
chimney begins fairly in the
center at the lower floor, it
ends at its top quite mark-
edly to one side. This
means an irregularity in de-
sign which if it had not a
merit of suitable adjustment
to the interior might very
well be put down to a vag-
ary of the designer. Asa
matter of fact it gives a
great chimney-piece in the
center of the first-story
room; in the second story
the chimney is developed
somewhat to one side, so
that the end has two win-
dows on one side of the
chimney and one on the
other; in the gable the
chimney passes wholly be-
yond the recessed balcony
and window, which forms
the feature of the gable,
manifesting very clearly
the subordination of the
fireplace to the admission of
light and air to the rooms.
Aa >
oD ad
July, 1905
The other gable is treated with even greater boldness and
a quite startling disregard of the demands of symmetry. The
whole of this front is broken on one side by a great semi-
octagonal projection whose roof without windows is cut by
the main gable and whose other roof on the side is cut
again by a still lower gable which surmounts its wing. It is
needless to say that there is absolutely no unity between the
chimney of the one gable and the semi-octagon of the other,
and yet they have this in common, that each is applied to
the corresponding part of the main building, and hence each
contributes its own quota toward the effect of the whole.
That a similarly shaped porch partly cuts the base of the
chimney possibly helps in restoring the sense of symmetry
which, after all, is the prevailing feature in this front, not-
withstanding a great dissimilarity of its various parts.
These portions form what may be termed the furthest
projection of the house, which, being of great size, is from
this side apparently of great depth and extent. This ap-
parentness is, of course, very real and true, for the house
is in every sense of great size. Thus the central part, whose
chief features have just been noted, is flanked on either side
by further buildings; on the left by a great open porch with
a semi-octagonal end whose pointed roof rises into the gable
of the main building. On the other side the structure is
greatly developed with gables and porches, forming a fine
series of recesses and expanded parts.
The great feature of the sea front, after all, is the terrace
that rises directly above the rocks from which the place de-
rives its name. This is a grassed spot built within a retaining
wall of stone on which is a balustrade of small superimposed
arches, with brick piers surmounted with base. Tables of
carved stone, benches and other garden furniture of Italian
origin gives a distinctive character to this terrace.
A spacious hall serves as a delightful and inviting en-
trance to the house. It is paneled throughout in dark old
English oak. The chief ornament of the cornice is a hand-
somely carved band arranged in panel-like divisions. On
the left is a large stone fireplace and mantel, and to the right
is the staircase leading to the upper parts of the house. Very
elaborate indeed is the carving of the stair balustrade and
that of the balcony from which it rises. Great chairs are
placed here, so spacious are the dimensions, and the furniture
of the entire room is of a rich and ornate description. This
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS I
On
consists chiefly of genuine old English oak, but includes,
among some other pieces, some chairs of Italian origin. This
room, of course, serves both as the entrance to the house and
as the apartment from which the other rooms are reached.
It is, quite literally, the focus of the whole dwelling.
The dining-room is paneled in mahogany, the panels being
alternately large and small above a paneled base. The
room is divided into three great parts by massive beams
supported by Roman Ionic columns and pilasters. In the
central division one side is filled with a marble mantel. The
furniture consists of fine examples of Chippendale, and the
paintings hung against the panels are chiefly old portraits.
A semicircular sun parlor opens from this room to which
the green and white draperies give a cool and delightful
charm.
The billiard-room, like the dining-room, opens directly
from the hall, and is the first of a superb suite of apartments.
The walls are paneled in wood to a deep frieze, which is
carried wholly around the apartment, and which is painted
in sea scenes. On one side is the fireplace, with an ingle nook
immediately adjoining it. A great carved settle and mas-
sive chairs stand on the platform overlooking the billiard
table.
Beyond the billiard-room is the music-room. It is reached
by descending a few steps and passing through a passage
lighted by leaded windows. It is paneled in white, relieved
with green silk hangings beautifully embroidered. The
elaborate mantel is faced with onyx and has a hearth of the
same rich material. A reception-room, which may be di-
rectly reached from the hall, opens from the music-room.
Once more the walls are paneled, the upper panels and the
upper part of the narrow strips on each side of the mantel
containing delicate floral ornaments. The furniture is of
satin wood with pink coverings. The den, which is intended
for Mr. Jordan’s exclusive use, is furnished in green and
white, a combination of colors so general throughout the
house as to be quite predominant. The fireplace, on each
side of which is a bookcase, is of red glazed tiling. The
furniture is old English in design.
The upper floor is, of course, given up to suites of bed-
room, provision being made alike for the family and for
many guests. Each suite has a definite character of its own,
and is finished and furnished in a distinctive manner.
Japanese Wistaria Arbors
RNG APAN is truly the land of flowers. A rapid
succession of lovely bloom marks the march
of the season, each succeeding one another so
3 quickly that there is no time for “ between
seasons,” each so predominant i in its color-
note, so penetrating in its beauty, so ravish-
ing in its Eopelisiess, that one’s admiration is baffled by the
entrancing beauty of Japanese landscapes and wonder at the
variety and completeness with which each flower succeeds
one another.
The cherry blossom is succeeded by the wistaria toward
the end of April and the beginning of May, and the arbor
of every tea-house is forthwith hung with masses of purple
clusters, while the surrounding hills and fields are ablaze
with soft-flowered and luxuriant azaleas.
At some of the larger places, says Mr. George G. Rittner,
in his interesting ‘‘ Impressions of Japan,” where tea-houses
are prominently placed along the roadside, can be seen those
wonderful arbors of wistaria, purple and white blossoms
hanging down in masses from the trellis-work above; some-
times whole verandas surround the houses, literally covered
with this magnificent flower. To sit underneath one of these
arbors and admire the surrounding country is enchanting.
No sun can penetrate the trellis-work on account of the
masses of flowers, and later on account of the covering
caused by the thickly grown leaves. Under these bowers one
can sit all day watching the streets with their interesting
people passing, or the gardens magnificently laid out and
wonderfully well kept. It is almost impossible to find a
weed on the grass, or an ugly twig on a tree. The tea-
house keeper probably takes a morning constitutional with
his family around his garden, to see whether the night has
brought out anything to offend the most critical, and, if so,
that offending twig or weed is plucked up and thrown away
where it can never again make itself objectionable.
A very charming view of wistaria arbors near Tokyo
forms the frontispiece of this number of AMERICAN Homes
AND GARDENS. It is a beautiful and bewitching picture,
although the architectural forms are of the slightest. But
the wonderful beauty of the wistaria blossoms, and the quiet
flow of the water make a scene of singular beauty, to which
the quaint figures of the Japanese men and women, in their
brilliant clothing, give the human interest.
16 AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS July, 1905
‘“ Kingdor.”” A Swiss Chalet
At Summit, New Jersey
HE house of Paul Gaderbush, Esq., at Sum-
mit, N. J., to which has been given the pic-
turesque name of “ Kingdor,” is based on a
Swiss chalet.
The terrace at the front is built with a
stone foundation of rock-faced red sandstone
laid up at random. Above this stonework the balustrade is
enclosed with a wall of brick. The remainder of the under-
pinning of the building is built of similar stone. The first
story is stuccoed and the second and third stories are covered
“* Kingdor’’—The Staircase
with shingles. “The beams and trimmings are of cypress fin-
ished with a treatment of brown stain, very soft and dull in
tone. The shinglework is stained a lighter shade. The roof
is covered with shingles left to finish a natural silvery gray
color, which sparkle most brilliantly in the sunlight. The
piazza, at the side of the house, is enclosed with glass in the
winter, and forms a sun-parlor.
The interior throughout is trimmed with gulf cypress and
is finished in its natural color. It is protected with a wax-
finish which reveals the greater beauty of its grain.
The hall has a large vestibule with a paneled seat. The
remaining space at the side of the vestibule is taken up with
a coat closet. There is a beamed ceiling and a staircase of
good design, which is lighted by a cluster of small leaded
glass windows on the main landing.
The drawing-room is treated in an unique manner. It has
a wainscoting, formed of cypress battens placed perpen-
dicularly, to the height of four feet, and then finished with
a plate rack. hese battens, placed as they are, form panels,
which are plastered in a rough manner and tinted in har-
mony with the color scheme. The ceiling is finished with
a wooden cornice. This room has an open fireplace built of
pressed brick and terra cotta, with an ornamental mantel
of similar brick and terra cotta. Bookcases are built in at
one side of the room. ‘The library opens into the conserva-
tory, and it is furnished with a similar wainscoting and fire-
place as the drawing-room.
The dining-room, to the left of the entrance, is furnished
with a paneled wainscoting, wooden cornice and plate rack.
An open fireplace is built, with brick facings and hearth, and
is fitted with a mantel of cypress treated in the Swiss Gothic
style. The wall space above the plate rack is covered with
paper in tapestry effects. The butler’s closet is well fitted,
and has a sink, dresser, closets, etc. The kitchen has a large
“ Kingdor”’—Fireplace
store pantry, a lobby large enough to admit ice box, and all
the best conveniences.
The second story contains five bedrooms, with well fitted
closets, and a bathroom, furnished with porcelain fixtures
and exposed nickelplated plumbing. ‘The attic contains the
servant quarters and bath, besides ample storage space. A
furnace, laundry, fuel room, cold storage space, etc., are
placed in the cellar, which is cemented.
Mr. John Wheeler Dow, architect, Wyoming, N. J.
AND GARDENS
AMERICAN HOMES
~
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18 AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS July, 1905
The House of Sherman Evarts, Esq.
Plainfield, New Jersey
HE house of Sherman Evarts, E'sq.. at Plain-
field, N. J., is the subject of these illus-
trations. The building is square in form,
and the detail is of the Colonial style. A
feature of importance is the terrace extend-
ing across the front and terminating into a
piazza at either end. The detail of the front entrance is par-
ticularly good, and its broad doorway, with its narrow win-
dows on either side glazed with leaded glass in an old Colo-
‘nial pattern, its fluted pilasters with Tonic capitals, and its
massive pediment which
surmounts the whole, is
excellent. The house is
built with a red brick
underpinning and a shin-
gled exterior of natural
cedar shingles. The trim-
mings are painted white.
The hall, which is a
central one, is trimmed
with white pine treated
with white enamel paint.
It contains an ornamental
staircase of Colonial de-
sign, with a broad land-
ing and a paneled seat,
above which there is a
cluster of stained glass
windows shedding a soft
and pleasant light over
both the upper and lower
halls.
The living-room is
trimmed with chestnut
stained and finished in
a dark Flemish brown.
It has a beamed ceiling
and a baywindow with
paneled seats. The fire-
place is built of pressed
brick, laid in red mortar,
and the whole is finished
witha amantel. ‘ihe
walls are covered with a
dull green burlap with
good effect.
To the right of the en-
trance is the library,
which is trimmed with
pine and painted black,
while the walls are covered with crimson burlap, the whole
finished with a wooden cornice. There are bookcases built
in and extending around the room, and an open fireplace with
pressed brick facings and hearth, and a very good mantel.
The dining-room is treated with white enamel, and has a
bluish-gray wall covering above the paneled wainscoting,
which is finished with a wooden cornice. ‘The room is oc-
tagonal in form, and in order to make it a complete octagon
a china closet has been built into one corner and provided
with leaded glass doors. The open fireplace is built of brick,
A Colonial Doorway
House of Sherman Evarts, Esq., at Plainfield, New Jersey
and has a mantel of Colonial style. The butler’s pantry is
fitted with all the best modern conveniences, including a sink,
dressers, drawers, etc. The kitchen and its dependencies are
also well fitted in a similar manner. Special care has,
throughout, been lavished on all the mechanical equipment.
The second floor is trimmed with white enamel paint, and
contains four bedrooms and two bathrooms, besides two ser-
vant bedrooms and bathroom, which have been placed over
the kitchen extension. ‘The bathrooms are treated through-
out with white enamel paint and are furnished with porcelain
fixtures and exposed nick-
elplated plumbing. The
third floor contains two
bedrooms, trunk room
and a children’s play-
room. The Jaunde,
heating apparatus, fuel
rooms, etc., are placed in
the cellar.
It is quite easy to see,
from this rapid descrip-
tion, what is the element
which makes this house
at once agreeable and
comfortable. This is,
without doubt, its sim-
plicity. It is a straight-
forward direct design,
unencumbered with un-
necessary —_ architectural
details, yet conceived in
quiet taste.
The doorway forms
quite naturally the chief
ornamental feature of
the entrance front. There
is, indeed, nothing else;
for the windows are with-
out emphasized treat-
ment, although the group
of four on the living-
room side is in pleasant
contrast with the single
window placed in the
front wall of the library.
This window treat-
ment of the first story is
the single instance of
variety in the whole win-
dow scheme. ‘Those of
the upper story are quite symmetrical; the central windows
while different in shape and design from the others are direct
expressions of the interior. The dormers in the high slop-
ing roof once more carry out the idea of simplicity which is
the predominating quality of the design. And this is true of
the whole house; the massing of the parts, the broad sweep of
the porches, the ensemble, is eminently simple and direct. It
is obviously a livable house.
Mr. John P. Benson, architect, Windsor Arcade, Forty-
seventh Street and Fifth Avenue, New York.
July, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES
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20 AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS July, 1905
‘Hilhouse,’”” the Italian Villa of Floyd Ferris, Esq.
Hartsdale, New York
JT IS doubtful if a more picturesque or attrac-
tive bit of country within a radius of twenty
miles of New York City, is to be found,
than that embraced in the village of Harts-
dale, New York. ‘This tract of country is
rolling in character and is abounding in
well cultivated farms in the valley, from which rises a suc-
cession of woodland hills.
Upon leaving the little station at Hartsdale, where the
train lands one, the way points toward the fields, and a
private avenue, descending slightly to the vale on either side,
winds its way to the cross roads, at the junction of which a
road to the right rises to a plateau, where it terminates at
the entrance to “‘ Hilhouse,” the home of Floyd Ferris, Esq.
After passing through the gateway, at either side of which
there are placed massive stucco columns, a short drive brings
The Porch
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 21
July, 1905
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“ Hilhouse””—Italian Villa of Floyd Ferris, Esq., Hartsdale, New York
22 AMERICAN HOMES
one to the entrance of the house. From nearly every room
interesting vistas are obtained across country, beyond which
is Long Island Sound. The architects of the house, Messrs.
Rositter and Wright, have formulated their design after the
Italian style. It is well carried out with a simplicity that is
beautiful, and the gray stucco walls harmonize well with the
green copper roof, with which the house is crowned, blend-
ing itself into the varied greens of the over-hanging trees
with which the place is surrounded.
The entrance porch placed at the north side of the house
and the loggia at the south side form the principle char-
acteristic of the exterior scheme.
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“ Hilhouse ””°—A Doorway
The entire house is covered with stucco with its surface
left in a rough state, and the whole tinted a dull gray color.
The columns to the porch and the loggia are made of cement
and molded into form. The ornamental capitals are molded
in the same manner, except that they are tinted in the color
of terra cotta. The floor of the loggia, upon which these
columns rest, is paved with brick laid in herring-bone pattern.
The blinds are made of solid wood and are paneled. These
blinds, and also the trim, are painted a light apple green.
The roof is covered with copper, which has now changed to
a mossy green.
The entrance to the house opens into the reception-hall,
which is trimmed with white pine and treated with white
enamel paint. It has a paneled wainscoting, above which the
walls are covered with crimson burlap, and the whole fin-
ished with a wooden cornice. The beamed archway is sup-
ported on a column, forming the newel post to the staircase,
which rises from the reception-hall. The treads and balus-
ters are of white painted pine, and the rail is of mahogany.
The fireplace is built with red faced brick for the hearth and
facings, and is furnished with a mantel of wood of the
Colonial style. The floor is laid with parquetry.
The den, at the rear of the hall, is trimmed with cypress,
and is finished with a forest green effect. It has bookcases
built in, and also an open fireplace, furnished with brick fac-
ings and a mantel. The alcove to the reception-room is
AND GARDENS July, 1905
separated by an archway which is quite unusual, for it is
formed with pilasters which rise to the spring of the arch.
The space formed by this archway is filled in with a transom,
which is glazed in a geometrical pattern, thereby precluding
all draughts, and yet retaining the open effect desired.
The reception-room is trimmed with pine treated with
white paint. ‘The floor is covered with a golden brown, in
one tone, and the walls are treated similar and are finished
with a wooden cornice. Bookcases are built in with latticed
doors, glazed with plate glass.
The dining-room is an attractive apartment, and is fin-
ished with a white painted trim. ‘The walls are covered with
a green and white striped paper, above which the ceiling is
finished with a wooden cornice. The fireplace has brick fac-
ings, a tiled hearth and an antique mantel of exceptional style
of the Colonial period. The butler’s pantry, and the kitchen
and its dependencies are well located, and are provided with
all the best modern conveniences. ‘Vhe rear porch is enclosed
with latticework. The loggia at the south side of the house is
enclosed with glass in winter, and forms a sunparlor.
The second floor is trimmed with pine and painted white.
It contains five bedrooms and three bathrooms. ‘The latter
are furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated
plumbing. The four principal bedrooms have open fireplaces
built of brick and provided with Colonial mantels. The
servants’ quarters and trunk room are placed on the third
“* Hilhouse ”>—The Hall
floor. The heating apparatus, fuel rooms, cold storage and -
laundry are located in the cellar.
Mr. Ferris, a student of plant life, has devoted much at-
tention to the development of his garden. ‘The planting has
been so arranged that a continual bloom prevails from early
spring till late in the autumn. ‘The “ rockery ” on the slopes
of the terrace at the south side of the house is particularly
interesting, as well as the garden itself. With a broad open
country for its site and an acreage at command, much more
is to be done in the building of pergolas, sun dials and settles
and the addition of all other necessary accessories for a well
regulated garden estate.
July,
1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 23
“ Hilhouse”’—The Dining-Room
Fire Protection
The Question’ of Fireproof
T IS a good sign of the times that the ques-
{tion of fire protection is receiving very wide
attention. And it is no wonder this is so.
In the last few years the United States has
been visited by a series of disastrous fires,
Ka which have been so extensive as to make the
terms ‘‘ Baltimore fire,” ‘‘ Patterson fire,’ ‘‘ Rochester fire ”’
and others both descriptive and definite.
These great conflagrations, however, by no means sum up
the total fire loss in this country, which, for many years, has
averaged millions of dollars in the value of property de-
stroyed, and many more millions in the injury they bring to
business and the personal losses they entail which can scarcely
ever be estimated in total amounts. But it has been the great
fires, like that of Baltimore, which have concentrated public
attention on this very important subject. The sweeping
away of an entire business section of a great city was a
national calamity, and the wider public, which had not
hitherto concerned itself with fire losses and their morals,
was rudely awakened to the realities of a very great danger.
In the wide discussion of these matters which is now tak-
ing place the question of fireproofing takes a front rank. Is
the modern building fireproof or only partly so? And
if not completely fireproof, why is a certain class of buildings
so designated? The confusion in the public mind—the pub-
lic which knows little of the science of construction and of
the progress and experiments made within the last twenty
years—is due entirely to a misunderstanding of the word fire-
proof. As used in insurance, architectural and building
circles to-day the word does not mean that a “ fireproof ”’
building will not burn, or that it is perfectly capable of
resisting fires. It is a word whose meaning is relative only,
and rightly so, since inflammable material must, to a greater
or less extent, enter into the construction of every building,
large or small, public or private.
And the great fires have, most unmistakably, shown the
value of such construction. ‘The buildings that have been
destroyed have been buildings of the old type, which made no
pretense to fireproofing. ‘The buildings that survived have
been those built in accordance with scientific ideas of fire
protection in the structure itself. Let it be granted, if you
will, that this protection is but relative, it has a positive value
which much recent experience has shown to be of the highest
practical utility.
It can not be long, notwithstanding the greater expense of
the fireproof building construction, when this system is also
applied to the private dwelling. The demands for this are
already loud, and a number of costly houses have been built
in the last few years that are actually fireproof in the insur-
ance meaning of the term. Such an extension of fireproof
construction will mean much for the safety of lives and
property in our large cities.
24 AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS July, 1905
The Residence of Charles T. Ives, Esq.
Montclair, New Jersey
SGHE residence of Charles T. Ives, Esq., at
Montclair, N. J., is a house designed in the
Georgian style of architecture with a portico
at the front with massive columns.
The hall and principal rooms of the first
story are trimmed with white pine painted
white. Entrance to the various rooms of
the first story is through broad openings furnished with
pilasters and fluted columns supporting arches, which
have carved moldings. All the windows are trimmed to
correspond. There are no doors in the first story, except
from the hall and dining-room. The hall has a four-foot
paneled wainscoting, and a wooden cornice. The wall space
between has a brilliant wall covering. The fireplace is built
with the facings and a hearth of Roman brick, and a carved
mantel. ‘The staircase is of Colonial style with a newel post
formed of a cluster of balusters from which springs a
rail of mahogany. ‘The feature of the hall is the large
electric-action pipe organ placed on the first landing of the
stairs, and seen from the entrance hall looking through a
series of columns and arches. The organ case was specially
designed by the architect, and the instrument is played from
the music-room.
The living-room, or library, contains a number of built-
in bookcases, and a mantel that follows the general treat-
ment of the window and door openings. Framed in, above
the mantel shelf, is a reproduction of part of the western
frieze of the Parthenon. ‘The facings and the hearth are
laid with Roman brick. ‘The particular feature of interest
in the music-room is the mantel.
The dining-room has a china closet built in, the treatment
of which is similar to that used for the mantel in the music-
room. ‘The mantel of this room also contains a built-in
china closet. Both the china mantel cabinets are lined with
mirrors and contain plate glass shelves. ‘The prevailing
tones of the dining-room papers are buff and brown. ‘The
balance of the first story is occupied by the butler’s pantry
and kitchen.
The second story contains four bedrooms, den and two
bathrooms. ‘The trim of this floor is of white pine, treated
with white paint, except the den, which is in Flemish oak.
The bathrooms are furnished with porcelain fixtures, the
best sanitary plumbing and nickelplated pipes. There are
three large bedrooms, a bathroom and ample storage space
on the third floor.
Mr. A. F. Norris, architect, 150 Nassau St., New York.
View Looking Through Hall
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July, 1905
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26 AMERICAN HOMES AND *GARDEDRS July, 1905
The Living-Room
The Hall
Residence of Charles T. Ives, Esq., Montclair, New Jersey
July, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
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AND GARDENS
‘Rock Ledge,” the Summer Home of George H. Walker, Esq.
Kennebunkport, Maine
HIS recently completed house has been
built as the summer home of George H.
Walker, Esq., at Kennebunkport, Maine.
The site is a very rocky and rugged one,
from wahich the name ‘“ Rock Ledge” is
derived. Its rugged cliffs rise high up
out of the sea.
~The house has been designed in the style of the modern
rambling and elongated type, is built out over the rocks, and
rests upon stone footings, which have been built and brought
up to a proper level for the foundation. The building,
blue, green and brown. ‘The house has an average length of
145 feet and a depth of 35 feet.
The entrance has a small porch only, but broad piazzas
on the ocean side afford both the view and the privacy needed
in a house of this description. The principal living-room,
located in the center of the house, with openings on both
sides, forms the nucleus of the whole plan, and the den
adjoining opens onto a long piazza, for the use of the family,
and is so designed and located as to afford ample shelter from
the sun, and yet be swept by the prevailing breezes from the
southwest. At the other extreme end of the house is the
The Entrance
above, is constructed of wood, and is covered on the exterior
framework, from the grade to the peak, with cedar shingles,
which are stained a soft brown color. The trimmings are
painted a dark bottle green. The roof is also covered with
shingles and is stained a dull green, with harmonious effect;
it blends well into the scheme of color used for the side
walls. The columns of the piazza, the terrace wall, and
chimneys are built of rock-faced field stone taken from the
premises, and are very beautiful in their colors of old gray,
servants’ accommodations, which are conveniently placed as
to utilize the same breeze to carry off all the cooking odors
and smoke.
The living-room is trimmed with yellow pine, treated with
stain and finished in a forest green. It has a paneled wain-
scoting and a beamed ceiling. ‘The staircase, while placed
conveniently, is practically isolated from view by the paneled
seat with its high back and its ornamental balustrade. On
the opposite side of the room there is an ingle nook provided
28
AMERICAN’ HOMES AND GARDERMS
“Rock Ledge ’”’—Ocean Front
July, 1905
July, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 29
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“Rock Ledge ’—The Living-Room
ony (it
‘Rock Ledge ’—The Piazza
30 AMERICAN HOMES
The fireplace is built with brick fac-
The den has a similar fire-
with a paneled seat.
ings and hearth and a mantel.
place, and also a window seat. The woodwork is of yellow
pine treated in Flemish brown. The walls are treated with
battens forming panels, which are filled in with green burlap.
The dining-room, which is placed two steps below the level
of the living-room floor, is treated with white enamel paint,
and has a paneled wainscoting of the Colonial type. The
walls above this wainscoting are covered with a brilliant wall
covering, with a white back-ground showing a large green
figure, and the whole finished with a molded cornice. The
fireplace is built of red brick laid in white mortar, with the
facings and hearth of a similar brick and a mantel of Colonial
style. On one side of the fireplace is a buffet built in, with
cupboards below the counter shelf and shelves above, which
are enclosed with leaded glass doors and the whole trimmed
with bronze furnishings. The circular baywindow at the op-
posite end of the room is well placed, from which a view is
obtained up and down the coast.
AND GARDENS July, 1905
The butler’s pantry is well fitted with sink, drawers,
shelves, etc. - The kitchen is planned with ventilation at both
ends, and thereby provides a very cool and comfortable
kitchen. It is fitted with a sink, counter, range, store pantry,
well fitted laundry shed, for the storage of fuel, and a ser-
vants’ dining-hall, which is a necessary adjunct to the well
appointed house.
The second story is treated with white paint, and this floor
contains six bedrooms, two bathrooms, besides two servants’
bedrooms with a private stairway to the kitchen. A feature
of this plan is that the hall is kept to the front so that the
principal rooms face the ocean. Some of the bedrooms have
paneled seats, open fireplaces, and all are treated with artistic
wall decorations. The bathrooms are furnished with porce-
lain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The third
floor contains the trunk room and several extra rooms.
Messrs. Chapman and Frazer, architects, 8 Exchange
Place, Boston, Mass.
Helps to Home Building
Furnishing the House
4 HE house built, it remains to furnish it. To
many persons, and rightly so, this is not a
task, but a pleasure. It is the portion of
home-making that seems to fall especially
to the women, and as an opportunity for the
s practise of the art of shopping it is clearly
unrivaled. As in all the stages of home building and home
making, the utmost patience is required. It is a work that
falls naturally and by right to the owner.
The furnishing of a house is a task that should be attacked
with enthusiasm and pursued with leisure. It is the hardest
kind of hard work. It requires patience and discrimination ;
it needs good taste; it demands a knowledge of the uses of
furniture, and it necessitates a purchasing taste that many
people think they have, but which few really possess. The
responsibilities involved are so great that it is, in a very
true sense, a big undertaking.
On the whole the home maker who starts entirely fresh,
with absolutely no furniture to begin with, has much the
better of it. One never knows what to do with old furni-
ture—furniture that is simply old and without the artistic
merit and interest of antique furniture. ‘This is especially
true when the pieces are good enough to use and entirely too
good to be thrown away or converted into kindling. Yet if
one has the means to entirely furnish a house from top to
bottom it would often be better to throw away the old un-
interesting pieces and start afresh in every way.
There is, moreover, a special interest in furnishing a
house as a whole. It provides an opportunity for individual
treatment such as no other method can give. It is a pleas-
ure, and a very real pleasure, to furnish a room completely ;
and this pleasure can be repeated several times when a whole
house is to be done. But a surfeit of joys is sometimes weari-
some, and the work should not be begun lightly. One is
very likely to become tired before the job is half done.
Various expedients are at hand for aiding in this task.
The architect stands open-handed and ready (for a commis-
sion) to furnish your house for you completely, and apply
the same care to its internal equipment as he has shown in
its design and construction. This is not only an expensive
way of furnishing, but it is the most expensive way. Many
of the most splendid homes in America have been furnished
in this way and have been turned over to the owners in a
thoroughly complete manner. The magnificent house ar-
ranged for the late Mr. William C. Whitney in New York
is a conspicuous example of this style of furnishing. Many
other great American houses have been similarly equipped.
This method is, however, quite exceptional, and is only
open to the very rich. Yet help from the architect can often
be had without going to the expensive extreme to which Mr.
Whitney went. His architects ransacked Europe for the
costliest treasures of household art, and his palace, when
completed, was a veritable museum of rare and sumptuous
furnishings. It would be unfair to guess at the cost of this
rich equipment, or to surmise the architects’ commission; the
latter was, unquestionably, very large.
Another aid to furnishing is supplied by professional dec-
orators and furnishers. These folk have flourished amaz-
ingly of late years. They will furnish your house as ex-
pensively as you please, and, in a thoroughly legitimate busi-
ness way, charge a stout commission for their services. They
earn their money. They employ capable workmen; they
have a thorough knowledge of styles; they are in instant
touch with the sources of supply, whether the furniture be
new or old; and they can, if so desired, produce most elab-
orate results, results quite as artistic as those produced by the
architect, who, indeed, will often transfer this portion of his
commission wholly to the professional decorators. An in-
teresting case in point is supplied by the great house of
Mr. H. M. Flagler, at Palm Beach, Fla. A well known firm
of New York architects designed and built his house, and
executed the main hallway; all the rest of it, including the
very elaborate public rooms and a most extended series of
bedrooms, were executed entirely by a decorating firm, which
assumed responsibility for every detail of the interior.
Mr. Flagler’s house, and many others which belong to the
same class, are, of course, most extensive mansions. ‘They
are exceptional houses, decorated and furnished in an ex-
ceptional way. The professional furnisher prizes such op-
portunities, not only because of the satisfaction felt in suc-
cessfully carrying out large undertakings, but because of the
financial considerations involved. It is, however, entirely
July, 1905
possible to have the services of the trained furniture-man
without depleting one’s bank account. It is simply a ques-
tion of scale and of money. If one wishes professional ad-
vice one must pay for it, and it remains with the client to fix
the amount that shall be spent.
The trained furnisher, the man who knows his business,
the man of taste and discrimination, can often give advice
and assistance that will not only be of special value to the
client, but which can be had in no other way. The furnish-
ing of the house has become as much a profession as its
building. One needs to know how to furnish, exactly as
one needs to know how to build. This is the basis of the
professional furnisher’s business. He meets a demand, and
he meets it—often—with success.
Special makers of furniture, of individual furniture, are a
quite modern manifestation of household art. Simplicity
and directness, furniture constructed on sound models of art
and form are the special characteristic of such products.
And very fetching much of this new furniture is. It is hand-
made and especially made, and excites lively anticipatory joy
in the hearts of the artistic purchaser.
The department store, the special sale, the machine-made
factory of the West, stand at the lowest limit of furniture
helps. Yet these sources of supply have their merits and
their uses. A wonderful amount of improvement has gone
into the designing of furniture of all sorts in the last few
years. The quality of furniture that is brought into our
great cities by the car load is distinctly in advance of that
which came a few years past. There is no longer a market
for heavy, ugly furniture. ‘The taste of the public has im-
AME RE@AN =EVO MES
AND = GA kD ENS 31
proved, broadened and widened. ‘There is but one step
further to go, and that is to insist that furniture shall not only
look good, but be good. The latter is the quality most in-
sisted on by the special furniture maker.
The chief rule to be observed in furnishing the house is
to be harmonious. It is rarely safe to build up a room
around a single piece of furniture. No one article should
cry aloud for attention; avoid eccentricities; ignore fads.
Be sure you are going to like each article, and be sure each
article is going to fit in well with each other article. Special
styles, especially exotic styles, are very good things to be left
alone. One may not always care for a Turkish room or a
Japanese parlor, and one certainly can never make them
accurate or literal translations.
The house once furnished is likely to remain as deemed
completed. One rarely refurnishes a house completely from
top to bottom. In most cases the work done once is always
done. Hence the necessity for careful choice. The furni-
ture must be good, good in itself, good in its purpose, good
in its relations to the room in which it is to be placed. Har-
mony and good taste are equally essential.
The woman of taste can do much by herself. She knows
how her rooms are to be used, and perhaps can look some-
what into the future. She knows her friends’ rooms, and
wherein they fail or succeed. With patience and care she
may furnish an artistic house very artistically. But if she
finds she can’t do it alone, the best thing to do is to apply to
some one who.can really help. It is impossible to be too
careful in furnishing a house.
Science for the Home
The Dangers of Cheap Houses
EP HAT cheap houses, cheaply built, are real
i; sources of danger from a_ constructional
standpoint is widely and universally ad-
mitted; it is, perhaps, less generally recog-
nized that grave sanitary dangers may re-
sult from improper construction, hardly less
injurious to human life than a wall that will not stay erect,
or a floor that will not support the load put upon it.
The builder who builds in a cheap way stops at nothing
whatever to accomplish what, to him, is an economy. If he
is not indifferent to life, it is because he knows that the re-
sponsibility can readily be brought back to him if his build-
ing falls down. If his construction is sound it is only because
he is afraid to make it otherwise. He knows, moreover,
that most people look more at the things they see than seek
for what they can not see. If the walls appear strong and
good, he trusts to inefficient work in the hidden parts, care-
less of what may happen several years after he has ceased
connection with the work. Often enough he excuses himself
on the ground that his contracts do not yield enough to per-
mit good work, and that he must himself get out as best he
can.
He may, for example, place his water supply pipe and his
waste pipes so closely in juxtaposition that leaks in the latter
may contaminate the water in the former. Both are safely
covered up, so why should he care? Nothing may happen;
and if it does it may be several years hence, when there
may be no house at all; for such dwellings are not built to
last long. The plaster may be mixed with substances filled
with disease germs and no care whatever taken as to their
origin. ‘The bricks may be porous, admitting the external
air. Chimneys so built rapidly accumulate soot, which, being
damp, falls down when an extra hot fire is set going, and the
dangerous fumes of carbon-dioxide and other gases are gene-
rated. Drains have been known to be connected with chim-
neys, admitting poisonous gases to rooms when there is no
fire to carry them off. Discharge pipes for the conveyance
of sewer gas may not be carried to the regulation height
above the building, and chimneys may be so constructed as
to be quite inadequate for sufficient draft. Arrangements for
ventilation are often completely ignored, and the laws goy-
erning the cubic contents of sleeping-rooms are often evaded
even in cities which maintain an expensive building inspec-
tion department.
In a general sense any one of these things, and sometimes
others, are likely to happen where cheapness of construction
is the single purpose of the building being erected. Ad-
vantage is taken of the ignorance of the public of such mat-
ters and to the indifference of the authorities to improper con-
struction. It is much more difficult to evade the require-
ments of the building law in cities, where the rules are strict
and the inspection apparently rigorous, than in rural com-
munities where there is neither law nor inspection. It is a
matter difficult to remedy, for betterment can only result
from a wider acquaintance of the requirements of good
building, and the necessity for good building, than exists at
present.
32 AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
July, 1905
American Garden Statuary
By Harry Dillon Jones
HP HE use of cement is becoming more and more
\| important, not only to the architect, engineer
and builder, but also to the artist, for plastic
and sculptural purposes, and few realize
that, unlike Italian terra cotta, it can be
made to withstand the rigor of our North-
ern winters and is equally impervious to heat and dampness.
With certain treatment, a color, texture and durability is
obtained, reproducing to a remarkable extent the old stone
figures of another age.
In a recent visit to Mr. W. R. Mercer’s studio, in Doyles-
town, Pa., I was able to convince myself of this. Hitherto,
cement for plastic purposes has been of a cold, gray, flat
tone, which did not lend itself to the ancient forms and ideas,
but after some years of experiment, Mr. Mercer seems to
have found a method by which he overcomes this defect.
The lover of art is thus able to have within his reach some
of the famous examples of ancient sculpture at a naturally
much reduced price.
In the studio I saw fonts, urns, busts, bas-reliefs. etc.,
all destined for the decoration of a garden, which is Mr.
Mercer’s specialty. In conversation with him, I discovered
that one of the great troubles encountered at the beginning
of the experiments was the making of a mold that would
encase the cement without taking it in so close an embrace
as to render its release impossible without breaking the cast.
This problem was solved by the use of flexible molds, pre-
pared in such a way as to avoid the repeated failure caused
by the casts sticking and the cement
not properly hardening before the
disintegration of the composition
used in the mold.
It is hard to enumerate the dif-
ficulties that beset the artist at this
juncture. Cement is a non-com-
bustible, hard, very durable and
cheap material, which can be cast
in a cold state by simply mixing
with water—hence its great adapt-
ability to the fine arts. It is, how-
ever, less ductile than plaster of
paris, and though this difficulty has
been overcome by stirring, pressure
and other methods of application,
its gray color and unsympathetic
texture have chiefly repelled the
artist. In combating the color cer-
tain pigments vitiate the strength
of the cement, others do not. Some
act chemically upon it so as to
transform the tint of the mixture.
Certain cements neutralize or
weaken when colored more quickly
than others, while the rapidity with
which the cement dries, whether in the sun or dark, or
whether more or less subjected to dampness, will be found
The Figure and the Pedestal
are of Cement
American Garden Pottery as Applied to a Pergola
July, 1905 7 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 33
A Cement Reproduction of an Ancient The Workroom, Showing Completed Urns, Vases, etc., Cast From
Stone Fireplace Cement in Imitation of Famous Originals
to influence the color, or even vary the natural gray tone latter in a comparatively thin envelope during setting, modi-
itself. Further, the method of application of the color, fied the result.
whether injected entirely through the cement before setting, As to the texture, certain masses of cement, falling upon
applied during setting from the mold, or encrusted upon the the earth outside of molds, or hardening inadvertently in
Within the Pergola
34 AMERICAN "“HIOMES
So
A Cement Flower-Box.
Even the Wear of Time Has Been Reproduced
bags and boxes, have assumed this texture of
stone, while other masses present a very un-
pleasing nondescript surface. When molds
are used this nonductility of the material re-
quiring stirring may blotch the surface with
areas where the finer particles seem to have
collected in a sort of paste. On the other
hand, when cast too dry, the cavities are not
properly filled. Owing to these difficulties
the cement will not always take the texture
of the mold, therefore one must resort to
other means. The mold itself may be en-
crusted with ingredients which will communi-
cate their texture to the cement, or materials,
coarse and fine, may be introduced into the
original mixture so as to modify the result.
In a word, the cement is merely a glue caus-
ing the gravel and sand to adhere to each
other, and is used as a medium and not as a
base. The process, which any one can work
out for himself if he wishes, lies almost en-
The Original Has Been so Closely Imitated That
AND GARDENS July, 1905
tirely in the adding of certain ingredients to
the raw cement. ‘The texture and color are
matters of workmanship and taste. When
the process is learned it will be possible to
reproduce almost any work of art with the
accuracy of the copies seen in the illustrations.
Once the mold is made there is practically no
limit to the number of reproductions.
In one of the photographs may be seen in
cement a famous Byzantine holy water font,
in another is shown an adaptation of a Gothic
fireplace in the Musée de Cluny, at Paris.
Some of the sun dials were also most pleas-
ing, for they combined utility and beauty in
an unusual manner.
I have endeavored in this brief sketch to
give some idea of the artistic uses of ce-
ment, and no one interested in such matters
could fail to be favorably mpresee by the
result.
A Sun Dial Cast in Cement in Imitation of the Font of Turtles
Plants and Music
RYG AS music an influence on plant life?
Send for our booklet going fully into the
reasons why NATUR should be
in your home.
Ask your plumber about NATURO
He prcbably has one in his showroom.
Send us his name and address if he
cannot show it.
THE NATURO COMPANY, yceriMey
Cc. H. MUCKENHIRN, President
50 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
July, 1905
Chicago Embossed Moulding Co.
nei Columns,
Mouldings Interior Caps
Balusters and and Raised
Stair Work Carvings
591 & SO9VT AUSTIN AVE., CHICAGO, ILL.
SEND FOR OUR NEW 1905 CATALOGUE
NEW AND IMPROVED PATENTS AND DESIGNS
OPENS AND CLOSES THE BLINDS WITHOUT
RAISING THE WINDOW
AUTOMATICALLY LOCKS THE BLINDS IN ANY
POSITION DESIRED
Made of grey and malleable iron. The best
and most durable blind hinge. Incomparable
for strength, durability and power. Can be
applied tc old or new houses of brick, stone
or frame. SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CIRCULAR.
If your hardware dealer does: not Keep them,
send direct to :
Mallory Maiufsctarne ca
FLEMINGTON, N. J.
Welt _| ATTENTION TO DETAILS INSURES YOU
Comfort in Your New Home
For a small additional expense to the cost of
ordinary hinges you can have your doors hung with
Stanley’s Ball-Bearing
Steel Butts ey ever rei oiling
ever wear down
Send for artistic monograph on the subject
| Vi
5
“GRAPHITE”
SPECIAL ILLUSTRATED NUMBER
CONTAINING SEASONABLE TALKS ON
Hl NEW BRITAIN, CONN.
The STANLEY WORKS, Dept. K, 75 campers st... NEW YORK
GOOD PAINT AND GOOD PAINTING,
Copies free upon uioaes wobles free sULOne TL egUes Eee
IPRTL Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J. Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J.
GR =) VAIN UT WIN AV Ae
ic H RIA AINE by VALVES
JUST OUT
Modern Gas-Engines
AN D = ==
Producer-Gas Plants
Bx R. E. MATHOT, M.E.
300 Pages Bound in Cloth 175 Illustrations Price, $2.50, postpaid
A PRACTICAL GUIDE for the GAS-ENGINE DESIGNER and USER
A book that tells how to construct, select, buy, install, operate and maintain a
gas-engine. No cumbrous mathematics; just plain words and clear drawings.
The only book that thoroughly discusses producer-gas, the coming fuel for
gas-engines. Every important pressure and suction producer is described
and illustrated. Practical suggestions are given to aid in the designing and
installing of producer-gas plants
Write for Descriptive Circular and Table of Ganeants to
MUNN & COMPANY, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
SANITARY IMPROVEMENTS OF
THE HOME
By George Ethelbert Walsh
“aes sanitary development of the modern
home shows many interesting features
and rew ideas which tend to conserve
avd protect the health of the occupants. It is
a mark of our civilization that more attention
is paid to the permanency and healthfulness of
our home structures than ever before in the
history of the human race, and all that science
and art can contribute toward the subject is
eagerly sought and applied. Architects, en-
gineers and builders are co-operating to evolve
new types of houses which will prove far mo1e
durable than any in the past, and, without
sacrificing any of the comfortable and artistic
features of the homes of to-day, they will be
practically fireproof, dustproof, verminproot,
soundproof, dampproof and perfectly sanitary
in every respect.
The modern devices intended to supply
these ideal conditions are somewhat numerous,
and their adoption is becoming quite general
in the new types of houses. The fireproof
house, is, to all intents and purposes, proof
against sound, vermin, fire and wind. With
walls, floors and ceilings constructed of hol-
low fireproof clay, a house of this character is
made far more durable than any built of wood
or brick. “The walls and floors are interlocked
by patent steel devices which make them as
firm and stable as though built on structural
steel framework. It is only within the past
year or two that contractors could build coun-
try homes of fireproof clay tiles without the
supporting aid of steel structures. With the
invention of interlocking corner devices, the
steel skeleton work was dispensed with, and
almost immediately the price of the new fire-
proof houses dropped so that the most modest
country home could be built in this way.
Such homes are fireproof, durable and
cleaner than any other class. The hollow
walls are dust and verminproof, while sound,
wind, heat and cold are kept out in a most
satisfactory way. “hey are warmer in win-
ter and colder in summer than wooden or
stone and brick houses. A great variety of
colored tiling and fireproof terra cotta ma-
terial is manufactured, so that excellent blend-
ing of colors and architectural effects can be
made. The colors of the tiling and terra
cotta are woven into the building material,
and they are retained just as long as the house
itself stands. Unaffected by salt air, storms
or wind, the colors maintain their original
beauty indefinitely.
But for houses already constructed almost
similar ideal sanitary conditions can be ob-
tained at comparatively little extra cost. In-
terlocking fireproof partitions can be built in
houses in place of the old plaster and lath
partitions, with the result that sound, wind,
heat or cold can not casily pass between.
Vermin find no lodgment in such hollow par-
titions. The fireproof blocks are tongued and
grooved so that they leck permanently, and
plaster can cover the interior surface if de-
sired. Another method is to use mineral
wool for packing between the old walls and
floors. The mineral wool sheets when ap-
plied make the floors and walls fireproof,
soundproof and verminproof. The altera-
tions required are simple and inexpensive, and
the results are such that permanent comfort
and additional sanitary conditions are obtained.
Metal ceilings are other devices for producing
similar desirable results. Stamped in nearly
every imaginable design to suit the decora-
tions of the most artistic interior, they furnish
durable fireproof floors and coinnes that elimi-
nate the troubles caused by cracking and fall-
July, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 51
Making Concre
a q THE PREMIER MACHINE has no extra
Experience parts to get out of order.
Repair expense is nothing.
THE PREMIER MACHINE maks a Each bed plate is double faced: thus
builder more independent and enables > two styles of blocks may be made
him to often manufacture his build- » the Premier Machine.
The completed block is so
released ag to permit the
operator to make another
block at once.
There are no delays in
: operating the Premier
At least 75 per cent 5 S . ) { Meaehinn:
labor expense is saved. : If you are interested
Think of that! XS | Np and wish to know more
If you wish to learn more : | © about this very improved
of anice, profitable business, : : : ; machine, write us for
write us for Booklet A. ‘ : : Jb = Booklet A.
The money saved in
the cost of one ordinary
dwelling-house founda=
tion will more than pay
for a Premier Machine.
The Premier Concrete Block & Machine Co., Rochester, N. Y. :
Foot, Hand and Power
for Carpenters ts
Builders =
Cabinet-Makers aes a
and other Wood-Workers “REX”? Moulder
WE GUARANTEE each machine to
be thoroughly practical and accurate. Ma-
chines sent on trial, and if not found entirely
satisfactory, may be returned at our expense
ONE MAN with one of these machines
will do the work of four to six men using
hand tools; will do it easier, will do it better
No. 5 “UNION” Combination Self-Feed Rip and Cross-Cut Saw
Enterprising mechanics are quick to see the superior merits of our machines.
It will pay you to investigate these advantages. Send for Catalog ‘‘A’’
The Seneca Falls Manufacturing Co.
267 WATER STREET, SENECA FALLS, N. Y., U.S. A. No. 6 “UNION” Combination Saw
KS&CO. CLEVELAND. 0.
= FLOOR8SIDEWALK LIGHTS. To introduce American Homes
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. and Gardens we will enter sub-
SEND FoR ATALOGUE. scriptions received before July Ist,
1905, at a special introductory
J. E. Bolles [ron and oe dh Va) eal di eos
ubscribe to-day
W: W Bank Railings, Eleva-
Wp tcr Enclosures, and :
2 ire Works s's5 = MUNN & CO.,, Publishers
Escapes, Iron Fencing, Balcony Railings, Etc. cH ce a
DETROIT, MICH, wD. Ss. A, Send for Catalogue 8, and mention line of business 361 Broadway, New York City
asaa ae
cory
52 AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDEGQE July, 1905
A Machine to Make Fortunes
Every patented device that saves time and labor makes money for its owners, but no invention of recent
years will compare for practical utility and popularity with the wonder of the twentieth century, the
RAPID FLOOR SURFACING MACIIINE
which cleans and polishes floors, uses sandpaper instead of knives, removing all dust, dirt and inequalities
in less time and with less effort than ten to twenty men could do the same work, leaving an absolutely
level smooth surface. For
private dwelling houses,
hotels, dance halls, armor-
ies, theaters, churches,
schools and all large or
small buildings, for floors,
old or hew, hard or soft,
this machine will be found
invaluable. The process is
sanitary, saves carpets and
linoleum, and prevents the
gathering of germs. Can be
easily operated by any me-
chanic. No Inconven-
ience to Occupants
During Process of
Cleaning. This Wonder-
ful Machine is Notan Experi-
ment but an Acknowledged
The Old Way Success Everywhere. It is The New Way
extremely simple and a
great economy. The ma
chine is operated by electric power obtained from the power SOmDaics or ae a by a smi al
engine and generator in a wagon outside the building :
TERRITORIAL RIGHTS FOR SALE
The representative of the Company at the below address is not here for the purpose of m-rketing machines, but to demonstrate that the machine is
a practical labor-saving device, and to interest capital to purchase the exclusive rights to manufacture, sell
and use under the patent for all of the
fastern territory
BOOKLET ON REQUEST
THE RAPID FLOOR SURFACING MACHINE C0.,., 2" Flatiron Building, New York
FOOT and HAND POWER
Wood Working
MACHINERY
IMPROVED FORMER IMPROVED No. 7 SCROLL SAW
This cut represents our new improved Former or We warrant it to be well made, of good material
Shaper. The great speed of the knife insures rapid and workmanship, and to saw Pine three inches
and smooth work. Motion of the knife Tev ersible. thick-at the rate of one foot per minute. Other
We make Sixty Styles of knives : oe woods in same proportion according to hardness
WRITE FOR CATALOGUE
W.F.& JOHN BARNES CO. 567 Ruby St., Rockford, If.
plaster. No vermin or disease germs can find
lodgment in these metal or fireproof clay wal!s
or ceilings. The metal ceilings and walls are
made in plates, panels and sections, with joints
and tongues so closely grooved that they are
practically dustproof.
The question of dampness of the home has
received a vast amount of study and experi-
mental work in the past. ‘To be dry is to in-
sure health and comfort in the home; to have
the living-quarters damp is to invite sickness
and death. Dampproof houses are now con-
structed even on marshy, wet ground, and
where formerly pneumonia, rheumatism, fever
and neuralgia ravaged the inmates of dwell-
ings, perfect health is now obtained through
the remodeling of the structures. The damp-
ness enters the house by the stone walls and
foundations in a great many instances, and to
prevent this there must be a dampproof course
of sheet lead, asphalt, sheet bitumen or cement
and cinders. “This course is placed from three
to six inches above the ground line, and 1
made a part of the foundation. Where the
house stands on very wet soil, the horizontal
dampproof course is not alone sufficient, and
usually double walls are built for the founda-
tion, with an open air-space between.
In addition to such preventive measures the
walls of the cellar, foundations, inside and out-
side, and the flea are painted with damp-
proof paints or other preparations. Most of
these paints or metallic liquids are impervious
to moisture, and when the house is protected
by them it is impossible for the dampness to
enter the structure by the walls or foundation.
Where these patent silicates or paints are not
used, two coats of Portland cement wash will
answer nearly the same purpose. In houses
already constructed such improvements can be
made, so that the dampness of the house is
eliminated. The use of dampproof courses in
the walls, and dampproot paints and silicate
solutions inside, practically makes the modern
country house situated in a low valley almost
as dry and healthful as another located on a
high, dry, well-drained hillside.
Almost equally important as the dampness
of the house, and closely associated with it in
securing perfect sanitary conditions, is the sub-
ject of interior ventilation. A great amount
of ingenious study has been given to the venti-
lation of public and private buildings, and
to-day with patent ventilators and air-filters we
possess an immunity from foul, dust-laden air
that should add greatly to our days of health
and happiness. ‘There are scores of systems of
ventilation of houses, but ventilators that ad-
mit the fresh air and carry out the foul air are
now reaching a stage of perfection that may
make us independent of windows except for
light. Not only this, but dust-collecting and
sifting devices are being installed with these
ventilators. In the country the importance of
dust-collectors or sifters is not so great as in
the city, where smoke, dust, soot and dirt are
carried from the streets into our homes in
great quantities. Whcre exhaust ventilators
are installed, with dust sieves connected with
the inlets, several quarts of dust are daily
collected in some homes. ‘This dust and dirt,
if not actually breathed by the inmates of the
home, would spread around in carpets and fur-
nishings, and, carrying germs with it, would
furnish cultural grounds in the dark corners
of the rooms. Dust collectors must, there-
fore, be a feature of the future sanitary home
as much as the ventilators and sanitary gar-
bage holders and incinerators. In cities where
soft coal is used freely for burning, the amount
of soot and dust collected in the sieves at the
inlets of the ventilators is sufficient to ruin
curtains and carpets within a short time.
From an economical and sanitary point of
view, the installation of devices to filter the
Un»
w
July, 1905 ANMERIGAN HOMES AND GARDENS
air for our homes is of the utmost impor-
tance.
The disposition of the garbage of tenements,
hetels and high-class apartment houses of cities
has been satisfactorily solved in the past few
years by the installation of garbage incinera-
tors in the basement, wich each apartment or
room connected with it by dustproof chutes.
The dust, garbage and sweepings are dumped
into the metal chutes, which are automatically
sealed at each entrance, and the material passes
quickly and noiselessly to the incinerators in
the basement. The garbage is thus immedi-
ately burned, and the heat generated from its
destruction used either for heating the apart-
ments or for supplying power.
The question of garbage incinerators for
private houses has been slower of solution, but
hot-water heaters and crematories are sup-
plied to-day so that the garbage is no longer
a nuisance or danger to the household. The
incinerators are connected with the kitchen
by iron chutes which automatically open and
close to receive the garbage and sweepings.
The refuse aus directly into the fire, which
heats the coils of pipes that may be used for
heating water for kitchen and bath purposes,
or for keeping the house warm in winter. The
incinerators are dustproof, and no harm fol-
lows if the garbage is not immediate!y burned
every day in hot weather. The destruction
of all the refuse from the house and kitchen
by fire removes a vexing and troublesome ques-
tion from the housewife’s mind. ‘The simple
installation of such incinerators does away F-6521.
with garbage collectors and outdoor garbage ENAMELED IRON “CORONA” TUB, WITH BASE.
bins and barrels. The removal of the ashes
from the furnace is the only dirty work left
for those who must attend to their own heat- 1
ng appara OUT JhanUactuting wlan
Perfect modern plumbing removes the last °
danger from our homes, and, when scien-
tifically constructed, sewer pipes, water pipes MANUFACTURERS OF
and drainage mains are no more inimical to
our health than if they carried only cheap, fresh PLUMBING GOODS
spring water into our residences. The tendency
to cheapen plumbing work is a fruitful cause EXCLUSIVELY
of most of the troubles arising from this source.
A good plumbing service is worth more to the
householder than fancy interior decorations.
Moreover, a perfect system is durable, while
a cheap one adds frizhtfully to the cost by
numerous repair bills. A dozen important
devices have been invented within the past
year or two for improving sewer and plumbing
systems, and these all tend to eliminate dan-
ger, prolong the life of the pipes ard drains,
and to make repairs simple and inexpensive.
Deeper and more perfect traps are used to
ci ee ges age Dont evapola Why Not Utilize the Waste Heat for the Drying of the Clothes >
tion; all traps and mains have fresh-air inlets,
General Office: Ht Show Rooms:
93 West Lake Street. 91 Dearborn Street.
CHICAGO.
and cleanouts which can easily be reached by ; ;
any one provided with a wrench and hammer. This Is Accomplished by the Use of the
Stopcocks and valves are numerous, and
every joint underground i laid on a concrete Chicago Combined Dryer and Laundry Stove
or stone bed to prevent sagging and rupturing
of ae ane re h id eSn< : One Fire Heats Water, Heats Tat Irons,
be ee pee es 2 a Cpe Hae 1 ig y Tan Boils Clothes, and Dries the Clothcs by
as j Saige
not be perfect without consideration being : al a what would ordinarily be waste heat.
given to the floors and interior decoration of oy el ~~ ae Y
walls and ceilings. The harboring of disease Ree ; a4 He peentally,, constructed okumetal
germs and vermin in cracked walls and floors es ewe ee VE me Mga ne ALE ca eee
is a trouble that is often removed with diffi- Pq) “G institution is complete without this
culty. Even with walls of fireproof clay tiles, f os 5 apparatus. Send: for Catalogue.
which offer no lodgment for vermin, a cover- an =e i 1. Wenatconmake
ing of wall paper, and a wainscot and trim
of wood might easily nullify the good obtained
with the employment of the former. A floor
or wall that is perfectly smooth, and abso-
Flat Buildings and Public Institutions.
lutely free of all cracks or holes, can not har-
bor germs and vermin. They requize hiding-
places where they can hatch and breed. Other- Chicago Clothes Dryer Works
wise their destruction by ordinary careful 340-342 Wabash Ave., Chicago 134-136 W. 24th St., New York City
housecleaning methods is sure and swift.
Various methods have been tried to secure
Dryers heated by GAS, STEAM and
HOT WATER, suitable for Residences,
GRILLES
AMERICAN HOMES
Something New!
A. washable and per-
fectly sanitary wall cover-
ing. Cloth foundation fin-
ished in oil
Best
wall cover-
ing forkitch-
Ci Pamuny,,
bathroom:
and
colors.
closet,
walls
where a
other
washabie
Surface. is
desired. Prints, plain col-
ors and tiles in dull, var-
nished and glazed effects.
Goods
Plain colors in oil admi-
rably adapted to ceiling
and fresco work.
Hides
cracks and
joulk eh SS ie
stains.
Wianteeuin=
proof,
min - proof,
V €I-
applied to
thee. we allel
like paper,
Bh ial(dlissalsntso.ce
pensive.
For sale by the Dry
Trade
Cloth Dealers.
and *@ill
Standard Table Oil Cloth Co.,
320 Broadway, New York City.
TWO BEST SSSA tN THE WORLD
Se
‘METAL LATH & “aSorineee
qa FROM EAU
hay Gay dee
x
as dan pay rls
fala Petr 3 ses
| $13.25
28 x 16 Mirror.
Tile facing and hearth.
je
a
MANTELS
TILES
of Every Description for Walls, Floors, Etc.
buys this solid oak Mantel, 80 in. high, 54 or 60 in. wide
Heavy columns and elaborate capitals.
Club house grate, $10.00,
NILES, OHIG.
U.S.A.
AND GARDENS
July, 1 905
perfectly dustproof floorings and ceiling deco-
rations. A number of inventions have been
made which appear to answer the purposes.
Liquids that harden and form smooth floor
surfaces have been invented, so that at the
corners a perfect joint is made. Interlocking
rubber and marble tiling is used for bath-
rooms and kitchens. Interior metal sheathing
is employed also, and the surface painted so
that there is not a crevice left anywhere large
enough for a flea to hide in. Even tapestries
and burlaps treated with fireproof and ver-
minproof materials are manufactured for wall
ornamentation, and when properly applied
there is no space left for dust or vermin to
find lodgment. Wood pulp has been tried
for producing finished floor surfaces, and
when applied in the liquid state and allowed
to harden the protection is nearly perfect.
All of these surface preparations for the
interior are proof against damage from water,
and frequent washing is permissible. It is
even considered probable that the future kit-
chen will be washed with hot water daily by
means of a hose and spray so that every par-
ticle of dust and dirt can be removed. By
applying a spray of hot water under consider-
able pressure to the walls and floors, germs
and vermin of all kind brought in during the
day would be removed and swept away by the
water into the sewer.
It will be seen from the foregoing that
science is rapidly minimizing the danger of
home life due to the introduction of germs,
filth and dirt that must inevitably enter our
houses from the streets. By applying safe-
guards that have proved their worth, we in-
sure to ourselves and families immunity from
many diseases which to-day are purely of local
origin. We are building homes of more per-
manent and durable character than ever be-
fore, but we must also secure for them all
the sanitary safeguards that science and ex-
perience teach us are necessary for our health.
FIFTY SUGGESTIONS FOR
THE HOUSE
1. Floor Coverings
"Pe floors of bathrooms, sculleries, water-
closets, larder, lavatories, greenhouses
and sometimes of halls should be cov-
ered, whether with hydraulic pressed _ tiles,
marble, mosaic or some substance ot a non-
absorptive character, so that they may be
washed down frequently. In the case of lava-
toires, bathrooms and sculleries the floors are
best laid sloping, so that when washed down
the dirty water may be led, by means of a duct
pipe, into a rain-water head to discharge over
a gully trap. Ordinary basement floors are
best finished with solid wood blocks laid either
straight or herring-bone on a six inch bed of
Portland cement concrete, and in some form
of bituminous composition. For ordinary
rooms the best floor covering is either hard
wood, such as oak laid in half-batten widths
and beeswaxed and polished, or good selected
deal, stained and well varnished. ‘The edges
of the boards should be grooved and tongued.
Parquet flooring may be laid over the whole
surface in order to ensure an uniform and im-
pervious surface without cracks in which dust
may accumulate. It may be cleaned with a
mixture of turpentine and beeswax.—B. F.
and H. P. Fletcher.
De Bedroom Doors
DOUBLE doors to communications between
bedrooms en suite are especially important,
particularly in the case of bathrooms. “Fhe
locks should not be opposite each other where
Write for catalog of Mantels, Grates, Tiles for floors
and baths, Slate Laundry Tubs, Grilles, etc. It is free.
Or send 10 cents to pay postage on our Art Mantel Cat-
alog. Mantel Outfits from $12 to $200.
W. F. OSTENDORF, 2417 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. Gem
No. 225—48 x 12 inches, 8. 60. Retail value, $7.00
No. 230—48 x14 inches, with Curtain Pole, $4.50.
Retail value, $9.00
Others from $2.50 up. Largest assortment.
Screens and special Grilles to order
Division
METAL SHINGLES
are commended to the attention of
Architects who are seeking to combine
beauty and economy in their work.
Cortright Metal Roofing Co.
Philadelphia and Chicago
July, 1905
( MONON ROUTE |;
Four Trains Daily
between Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati and
the South, via Monon Route and C. H. & D.
Two Trains Daily
between Chicago, Louisville and West Baden
and French Lick Springs.
Three Trains
Chicago to LaFayette.
Parlor Cars on Day Trains, Palace Sleeping
and Compartment Cars on Night Trains.
FRANK J. REED,
Gen. Pass. Agt.,
CHAS. H. ROCKWELL,
Traffic Manager,
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
Request
Everywhere
INSIDE BLINDS
Sliding—Folding—Venetian
WIRE SCREENS
For Doors and Windows
HIGH-GRADE CUSTOM WORK ONLY.
Willer Manufacturing Company
MILWAUKEE, WIS.
et waterby water-power]) RIFE AUTOMATIC
YDRAULIC RAM. WNoAttention. No Expense. Runs
i aie Complete system exterding to stable, green-
house, lawn, fountains and formal gardens. Operates under
18 in.to 50 ft. fall, Elevates water 30 ft. for every foot fall
used. Eighty per cent. efficiency developed.
- TermeniEnin Cnt, institutions mailvead
tanks and irrigation. Catalog © estimates free
RIFE ENGINE CO., 126 Liberty St., N.Y.
CHICAGO.
MARSTON’S
HAND AND FOOT POWER
CIRCULAR SAW
A. W. FABER
Manufactory Established 1761
Lead Pencils, Colored Pencils, Slate Pencils,
Writing Slates, Inks, Stationers’ Rubber
Goods, Rulers, Artists’ Colors
78 READE STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.
GRAND PRIZE, Highest Award, PARIS, 1900
Racine Brass & Iron Co.
RACINE, WIS.
Iron, Bronze and Aluminum
Castings for Automobiles
Water Jacket Cylinders a Specialty. Correspondence Solicited
| ary WY
PEWRITERS
aes Makes $1510 $ 75
‘GUARANTEED: CATALOGUE FREE
PHILA: -TYPEWRITER EXCHANGE
‘PHILADELPHIAS’PITT SBURG.
Estar DT). Dorendort
MANUFACTURER OF
Flag Poles, Copper Weather Vanes
and Special Copper Cable
Lightning Conductors
145 CENTRE ST.,NEW YORK
Successor to
C. H. Lilly
zy i)
r 4
yt Z
Take off your Hat to the MYER
t For whether you need-Hand or Power
Pumps, Hay Tools;Sfore Ladders, Gate
Hangers-or—Pump Fixtures
MYERS’ are Always Best
Quality and Service is the Myers sl
you've always got your money's worth and a
bargain besides when you buy from
380-Page Catalog with close prices FREE.
fF. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio
‘** American Homes
and Gardens” and
‘ Scientific American is
Iron Frame, 36 inches high.
CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED,
with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in,
will be sent to one address
for $5, regular price $6
Steel shafts and best Rabbitt metal boxes
Gears are all machine-cut from solid iron.
Two 77-inch saws and two crank handles with each machine,
Boring table and side treadle,
Weight, complete, 350 Ibs,
Send for catalogue,
J. M. Marston & Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass,
56 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1905
The Well-Appointed Office of a New York Capitalist.
Woodwork by W. & J. Sloane.
| Ps success of the plans of the architect for interior decoration
depends largely upon the intelligence and ability of the work-
man to carry them out. Especially is this true of the woodwork.
@ Our superior facilities for all forms of interior decoration include
a complete woodworking plant, expert designers and competent
craftsmen. We prepare and set trim work, doors, mantels, etc.,
and make furniture to order from specially prepared designs, drawn
by our own artists. Any contract entrusted to us is assured of the
highest character of workmanship and the accurate execution
of the architect’s specifications.
QA special feature of our organization is the planning and
designing of complete schemes: of decorative treatment for interiors
in any period. Correspondence invited.
W.& J. SLOANE, 886 Broadway, New York
The Difference
in cost between Sargent’s Artistic Hardware and the poor stuff so often used is nothing com-
pared with the great difference in the goods. Daily use does not injure good hardware, and
Sargent’s Easy Spring Locks
and trimmings will stand the wear and tear in the home or store, the office or shop, the school
orchurch. The day of poor hardware for good buildings is past. Sargent’s Book of Designs,
sent on request, will help you in the selection of appropriate trimmings for your building.
SARGENT & COMPANY, Mitsniti¢usdesrs, 156 Leonard Street, NEW YORK
double doors are provided. The panels should
not be less than seven-eighths of an inch thick.
Double doors are necessary to prevent annoy-
ance from loud talking and to exclude the
odors of tobacco smoke. Keyless double bolt
locks to doors should be provided.—Francis
C. Moore.
3. To Cool a Room
A SIMPLE way to cool a room in extremely
hot weather is to dip towels in cold water,
wring them well and hang them in the win-
dows, first darkening the blinds.—L. H. J.
4. Door-Knobs
THE most satisfactory material is bronze,
in what is called “statuary finish.” ‘This is
a dark brown which never changes, except
where projecting portions are polished by the
hands. The bright bronze is pretty when new,
but soon discolors unevenly; and brass knobs,
although fashionable, require frequent rubbing
to keep them presentable. Glass knobs are
clean and strong, and might with advantage
be produced in a much greater variety of shapes
and colors than can be found at present; but
as glass must be set in metal, which will re-
quire occasional attention, there is no saving
of trouble in using them. Wooden knobs
which were once very fashionable, and are
still in use, have the disadvantage that the
varnish with which they are coated becomes
sticky and black with use, but they can be
cleaned and revarnished in case of need. Cel-
luloid is a good material, and would lend
itself to the production of very beautiful ef-
fects; but although colored celluloid knobs
were once in limited use, the manufacture of
them seems to have been abandoned.—T. M.
Clarke.
NEW BOOKS
A Carpenters’ and Builders’ Library
THe New CarPENTERS AND BUILDERS
STANDARD Liprary. By Fred T. Hodg-
son. 8 vols. Brotherhood Edition De
Luxe. Pp. 2,200. Chicago: Frederick
J. Drake & Co.
The value of books in the art of education
is now so completely recognized that many
handbooks have recently been produced in de-
partments of art and knowledge where, but
a few years since, they were quite unknown.
The Carpenters’ and Builders’ Standard
Library is a case in point. It is not brought
forward as an attempt to supplant, in any
way, the value of personal practical activity
ac the bench or in the shop; but it undertakes
to summarize the whole subject of carpentry
and building knowledge in a way undertaken
by no other publication, and includes within
its scope thorough treatises on phases of these
arts which are nowhere else so fully sum-
marized, and which few men could obtain by
many years of practical experience.
Mr. Hodgson has long been known as a
successful writer on the subjects treated in
these volumes. His directions are concise and
definite; his suggestions are helpful and
timely; the field he occupies is almost wholly
his own, and he combines the knowledge of
the practical man with the skill of a writer in
a very unusual degree. Most of these vol-
umes have appeared separately and under
various auspices, but they are now all brought
together in a convenient uniform edition, at-
tractively bound and printed, and forming not
only a valuable addition to the practical work-
ingman’s library, but one which no one en-
gaged in the art of building can do without.
The eight volumes comprise two volumes
on the Practical Uses of the Steel Square;
July, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
nr
~
THE
“CHAMPION”
LOCK JOINT
Metal
Shingle
Inexpensive
Ornamental
Durable
o
MADE BY
J. H. ELLER @ CO.
1610 E. Fifth St. CANTON, OHIO
Also Makers of
Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Etc.
UR remarkable recent inventions enable us
to offer the public an intensely brilliant,
smokeless gas at much less cost than city
gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and
costing but one-fourth as much as Acetylene.
Most durable and least expensive apparatus to
maintain in effective perpetual operation. Gives
services of lighting, cooking, and heating.
Fullest satisfaction guaranteed, and easy terms
The very apparatus for suburban homes, institu-
tions, etc. We construct special apparatus also for
fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equiv-
alent to city gas at 50 cents per 1,coocubic feet, and
made to respond to very large demands, also for
lighting towns, etc.
Cc. M. KEMP MFG. CO.,
BALTIMORE, MD.
Locations for Builders
Throughout the Southwest, especially
in Oklahoma aad Inzian Territories, Ar-
kansas and Texas, along the line cf the
nmumerocs towns and small cities have
sprung up along the many new lines of
| the System that have recently been con-
structcd, and openings for builders, con-
tractors, architects and manufacturers in
many lines ezist,
Send for a copy cf handbock entitled
“ Opportunities.”
M. Schultcr, traustriat Commissioner
Frisco Building $t. Louis, Mito.
]
|
\
Juntasote s/
{U38¥1 Si XIN o\ :
This Label is
on Genuine
Pantasote
Furniture
Accept no
Substitute
Insist upon
Pantasote
"1S px PENAL OFFEy
’ 25 South Third St., Columbus, 0.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.,
Jersey City, N. J.
UTTER
ty
Gr
CHICAGO, ILL.
1 EARHARHYEAD
Engineers’ and
eber & Co. vrascttsmea’s Sipptis ||| me Ives Window Ventilating Lock
[o.
entilating
Rooms.
A Lock
quickly
applied and
HH operated.
Affording Sure
Protection against
Intruders.
Children keptin.
BRISTOL'S
RECORDING THERMOMETER,
Located within house. records on
aweekly chart outside tempera-
ture. Also, Bristols Recording
Pressure Gauges. Volt, Ampere
and Watt Meters. Over 100 differ-
ent varieties, and guaranteed.
Send for catalogue.
THE BRISTOL CO.,Waterbury, Conn.
uard for
Kil
Sole Agents for RIEFLER’S INSTRUMENTS, 01s Pantographs,
Drawing and Blue Print Papers, Drawing Boards, Tables, Squares, Tri-
anzles, Etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Transits, and Levels of Best Makes
Burglars kept out.
Write for Descrip-
tive Circular.
Tue H. B. IVES C0,
~ New Haven, Conn., U.S.A. |
Send for Illustrated Catalogue, Vol. III
1125 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore
62 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
The
KENTON, OFFIC.
STRUCTURAL IRON.
ORNAMENTAL
JAIL CELL WORK.
FENCES AND RAILINGS.
!) vos
quoted on application.
Absolutely safe and reliable. Ask your friends
No North and
South
or East and West Line divides
the Caldwell plants of tanks and
towers. In every section they
rear their graceful forms, every-
where and always working or
ready for service, supplying water
for all purposes
W. E. CALDWELL CO.
LOUISVILLE, KY.
She Davis @ Roesch
Water Thermostat
A DRAFT CONTROLLER FOR
HOT WATER HEATERS
Simple,
Durable,
Accurate,
Inexpensive.
Will save 25 per cent. of
your coal bill.
Will regulate the tempera-
ture of your whole house.
Catalogue free upon request.
Davis & Roesch Temperature Controlling Co.
NEWARK, N. J.
HAMPION IRON CO.
CAST AND WROUGHT IRON.
Catalogue of above furnished, and Prices
July, 1905
Important Improvements in Boilers
We have received from the Gorton &
Lidgerwood Company, 96 Liberty Street, New
York, N. Y., its booklet ‘“‘ Modern House
Heating,” just issued, and note a number of im-
portant improvements recently made in its well-
known line of side-feed steam and hot water
boilers. From its inception, about twenty-one
years ago, this company has manufactured only
high grade heating apparatus, and the wide de-
mand for the product has been the natural
result of more than ordinary merit and enter-
prise. Conceived on the most approved lines
for economy and efficiency, the development of
the Gorton boiler has been marked by a con-
tinual improvement both in design and con-
struction, until in the attractive and complete
line shown in the new booklet there would
seem nothing left to be desired where the
very best in the way of steam or hot water
heating boiler is required. Probably the most
notable departure is found in the increase in
the number of sizes in which the Gorton boiler
is manufactured, the company now making no
less than thirty-three different boilers for hard
and fifteen for soft coal use. Heretofore the
largest size of steam boiler made carried 3,400
square feet of direct steam radiation, while the
largest size of the new steam boiler will carry
4,500 feet. Another improvement of con-
siderable importance is the reduction in the
height of the large size boilers so that all can
be used in the cellars that are available under
old buildings. Where the largest size boiler
already referred to formerly stood 92 inches
high, the rew style will stand but 81 inches.
THE IMPROVED GORTON SIDE-FEED BOILER.
Further improvements are found in the base,
which is now so arranged that the grate and
grate bars can be easily cleaned and removed
when necessary and still retain the free air
entrance feature, which has been a substantial
aid in promoting a complete combustion of the
fuel and effecting a high efficiency of the
surface. “The improved construction also re-
tains the well-known side-feed advantages,
which are distinct features of the Gorton
boiler and by means of which the boiler will
maintain a steady even fire, and furnish con-
stant heat day and night in the coldest weather.
The boiler shell has also been increased in
diameter and provided with a large number
of tubes. The fire travel is the same as here-
tofore, and the products of combustion rising
in contact with the surface of the tubes to the
top of the boiler, where baffle plates necessitate
a downward turn, secure a long fire travel be-
fore the smoke outlet is reached: “The Gor-
July, 1905
ton boilers, the improved type of which is
shown in the accompanying engraving, are
made of steel, with the best charcoal wrought
iron tubes; the shell being one-quarter inch
thick, and the heads five-sixteenths inch thick
of the best flange steel, of 50,000 pounds ten-
sile strength, thus insuring safety and dura-
bility.
That a persistent improvement marks the
work of this firm is shown by the evolution of
types in its nearly fifty boilers for use with dit-
ferent kinds of coal. Such a record certifies
the brand, and indicates its aim is to so con-
struct as to corroborate the judgment of both
maker and user of steam and hot water heat-
ing apparatus. All of the several parts of the
new line of Gorton boilers are clearly illus-
trated in the beoklet, which also gives prices,
ratings and other imformation of interest to
steamfitters and heating contractors. Copies,
we understand, will be gladly furnished for
the asking.
Toilet Powder
Peruaps, on the whole and in the long
run, there is no article for close personal use
in the choice of which so much judgment
should be exercised as in that of toilet powder.
When the selection bears the hygienic recom-
mendation of physicians and the practical sanc-
tion of nurses, the user feels that the luxury
grows into a necessity. In these days of imita-
tion and substitution, when there are so many
inferior preparations on the market, the pro-
tection and aid just mentioned should be suf-
ficient to keep purchasers on guard to get the
best. Highly-scented toilet powders are so
numerous as to be a continual source of danger.
Such inferior products will often do permanent
injury to a delicate skin. It is wise never to
take chances with an unknown article. Be
sure, rather, to insist upon a trade-marked
product of recognized merit. With toilet
powder, as with most other lines of goods, it
is saier to trust an old-established house, with
years of experience and a reputation for mak-
ing only the purest and most efficacious. Men-
nen’s Toilet Powder is a trade-marked article,
and is generally received as a composition im-
possible to improve upon. The absolute purity
of its ingredients and their painstaking hand-
ling have given the product of the Mennen
Company a uniform and unsurpassed quality
of excellence. The trade-mark is Mennen’s
face, and it is on every box-cover of the gen-
uine. It is understood that more than 11,000,-
000 boxes were sold in 1904, the extent of its
adoption ranging from the household to U. S.
Government use for both army and navy.
Heaters, Radiators and Specialties
Tue old house of the Thatcher Furnace
Company has changed its address from No.
240 Water Street to Nos. 110-116 Beekman
Street, New York, N. Y. Fifty-five years is
not a trifling space of time in the life of an
industry, and when an item of interest occurs
in such a record we take especial pleasure in
mentioning it. Without inaugurating any ma-
terial change in its well established business,
the move spells that better times need better
conveniences in space and location. “This firm
is perfectly equipped to build up and sustain
its model system of heating. With a strong
expert at its head in the works at Newark,
N. J., the battle of the caliber of furnaces,
ranges and boilers has never gone against the
simple and efficient construction of these ap-
paratus, now to be seen at the new premises.
Prominent in this exposition stands the
“Thatcher ” steam heater represented by the
accompanying illustration. It has two bridge
wall sections, and is furnished with steam
gage, fire tools, cleansing brushes, water col-
AMERICAN HOMES
A NUD GAACR DIE N'S 6.
“May 2/ «koi eee 789,003
Rope Drive For Evevators. R. C.
Smith, Yonkers, N.Y. May 16.. 789,765
SAFETY APPLIANCE FOR ELEVATORS.
G. M. Baker, New York, N. Y.
May 160.10 6ied «soi ieee 789,954
July, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AN Di i@e Aska ENS 69
Evevator. 2 ie at 789,147
JACK FOR ROOFERS AND PAINTERS.
J. W. Wainwright, Philadelphia,
eed BOG Ce eee 789,640
HANGING SCAFFOLD. Berg and Tan-
ninga, Chicago, Ill. Mayg..... 789,650
SeLF-CLosING WINpbow. F. :
Kasch, Akron, Ohio. May 23... 790,370
STRIP FOR SECURING WINDOW GLASS
IN Prace. W. T. Mills, Colum-
bus, Ohio. May 30
AUTOMATIC WINDow CLosvre. T.
Lee, Home City, Ohio. May 30. 791,036
Plumbing
SELF-DRAINING Faucet Bip Cock.
Freeman and Copeland, Troy,
DG 1 219 pes ee 789,214
FLUSHING Device FoR WaATER-
Ciosets. F. H. Mason, Spokane,
BSUS) 2G Sea
BatH Tus. E. H. Sloman, Detroit,
lice hag UO. S55: a:
SeLr-CLosinc Faucet. I. N. Baker,
Bay City, Mich. May 30
Tools
Nai Ser. T. F. Thompson, Empire,
Lie Te Ae eee
Carpenters’ Gace. W. H. Vree-
land, Seneca Falls, N. Y. May 2. 788,802
CARPENTERS’ BRACKET. NV Ge W.
& C. §S. Grieves, Amesbury,
Mass. May 2
789,926
790,229
791,238
The New Gardening Periodical
Beautifully Illustrated: Superbly Printed
of flower, vegetable and fruit growing, trees
and shrubs, coldframes and hotbeds, lawns, fer-
tilizers, water gardens, bulbs, roses, indoor plants and
window boxes—in fact, everything pertaining to plant-
ing of any kind.
With it the amateur can be as successful as a pro-
fessional, and those who are skilled will find it teem-
ing with practical suggestion and information.
It will tell you what to do each month to make
your garden and grounds more beautiful and pro-
ductive.
The accompanying illustrated department head-
ings, out of twenty-five that appear regularly, show
the field covered month by month.
You Will Own
An Up-to-Date
Encyclopedia
of Gardening
if you have all the numbers of
The Garden Magazine
SPECIAL
Se ee
who want the back issues, dating from the first
number (February) and including the great
Planting Number for April, we have taken the
slightly soiled copies secured from booksellers and
made up nearly five hundred sets, which we will
supply to readers of AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS who send in their subscrip-
tions with the coupon below (otherwise the sub-
scription would begin with the July number).
De to gardening, it covers every branch
Realizing the value of a
complete set of THE
The double Planting Number for April, with its
planting tables and other indispensable information, is
included in this offer. It is one of the most impor-
tant issues of the kind ever published. From all parts
of the country it has brought commendation, of which
the following from a reader in Philadelphia is an
example:
““In sending another subscription for a friend, I want to say
that I do not believe there is anything printed that is so full of
practical help to those who want to enjoy the benefits of a good
garden. I would not take $50 for my April number if I could
not replace it with another copy.
““F. S. W— , Philadelphia, Pa.”’
With the Evergreen Number in August and the
Fall Planting Number in October, the coming issues
of THE GARDEN MaGazinE will be invaluable to those
who are interested in gardening.
10 Cents a Copy
$1.00 a Year
The First Real Gardening Magazine
Ever Published in America
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
133-137 EAST 16th STREET,
NEW YORK
: Commencing with the
Address —
|The Garden Magazine
poo USE THIS COUPON
: Doubleday, Page © Company
133-137 East 16th Street, New York
Enclosed find $1.00, for which please send
i The Garden Magasine one year.
Commencing with the February number, as per your
special offer.
number
Cross out paragraph not a part of your order
Mi: A. H. G. July, 705
70 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDERG July, 1905
For Those Who Live in Houses
Fe A A
Modern Cottage Architecture
q TO INTRODUCE “or viaURick B. AbAMS
r lenin iD Se ED SEES
American Homes sso mre acters fo.
and @Mardens A Book of Country Houses
we will enter subscrip- ee
° . This saléetion has been made by the pure from his Do-
tions received b € to re jest ten years; which au RORalLen ad cae
July | st, | 90) 5 , ata spe- on traditional lines aaa ae been arranged. to meet al
cial introductory rate of :
iE ORDER BLANK
$2.50 instead of $3.00. Pit in eve ae ee
Subscribe to-day ee wt ne.
———————————— ——————":) co copies of ‘‘A BOOK OF COUNTRY HOUSES,” price, $7.50, for which I
MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers
361 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY
i i ee ee ee a :
JOHN LANE, ¢7Firta ave. NEW YORK
CLOSING TIME -OEF
“
AND GARDENS
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AMERICAN HOMES
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Le 44
7
August, 1905
The dining-room is a
green room, the color
throughout being a rich,
dull green. The wood-
work is green; the ceil-
ing is in green and gold;
the furniture is of green
leather, and the curtains
and hangings are of a
tapestry fabric of green.
It is a beautiful and
simple apartment, with
a beamed ceiling, and
the walls, for the most
part, lined with china
and glass cabinets. A
chandelier. of simple de-
sign depends from the
center of the ceiling, and
the lighting is com-
pleted with side lights
of similar design. Green
tones predominate in
the adjoining billiard-
room, for the green
cloth of the billiard
table necessarily gives
the keynote to such an
apartment, and it is
dificult, if not impos-
sible, to depart from
such an essential color.
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AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
The Falls in the Upper Glen Were
The Estate of C. W.
The
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Bergner, Essar Ambler, Pennsylvania
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The service wing,
which adjoins the
house on this side, is
throughout, in all floors,
given up to the servants.
The serving-room im-
mediately opens from
the dining-room and
connects directly with
fie (kitchen. When
comes the servants’ din-
ing-room, the servants’
sitting-room and the
servants’ porch on the
furthest end of the
house. Beyond this
porch is an inclosed
yard, also used for the
domestic service of the
house. Bedrooms and
bathrooms for the serv-
ants are in the upper
story.
The second floor of
the main portion of the
house is, of course,
given up to bedrooms.
The owner’s bedroom is
to the extreme south of
the house, and is the
largest room on this
floor. It is joined with
88 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDERS
a bathroom containing a bath of unusual size. The roof
of the porte-cochére forms an upper porch connected with
this room, and is an agreeable resting place of a hot evening.
Another bedroom and bathroom completes the rooms on this
side of the main hall, and other rooms of the same kind fill
up the space on the north side.
The third story also contains bedrooms and bathrooms,
chiefly available for guests. It has, in addition, two special
features of unusual interest. These are a dormitory, as it is
called in the nomenclature of the house; a large apartment
in which a number of men can find sleeping quarters in
crowded times. The other feature is a vast array of closets,
devoted to every possible purpose, a housekeeper’s delight
of unusual extent and an arrangement as novel as it is useful.
It need hardly be said that a house of this description
is provided with every possible convenience for use, and rep-
resents the very highest achievement in house building. It
is a house whose architectural treatment within is as fine as it
is without. Necessarily there can be little relationship be-
tween the two. The stately sobriety that characterizes the
exterior gives way, as a matter of course, to an enriched and
varied interior. Yet a prime essential of all household de-
sign, both within and without, is character, which this
house has in an exceptional degree. The architects’ oppor-
tunity here was of a kind to delight the trained and-artistic
designer, and a very great deal of latitude, and certainly very
generous support, was given to the efforts of the Messrs. Day
to produce a house that would be at once notable and suc-
cessful in its domestic qualities. “Their province was not to
August, 1905
design a ‘“‘ grand” house, but a good one, and they suc-
ceeded in this to an eminent degree.
Like many large houses that of Mr. Bergner is filled with
a rich collection of furniture, gathered by the owner, and dis-
posed without reference to the architecture of the rooms. A
certain amount of incongruity necessarily resulted from this,
but so much of the furniture is good in itself, and its very
abundance speaks so loudly of good intentions, that the re-
sponsibility for it needs only to be noted.
Like every considerable estate, the property of Mr. Berg-
ner contains a number of subsidiary buildings, each necessary
to his well-being, and each essential to the living qualities of
the dwelling. The house itself is, of course, the most im-
portant structure on the estate, the building for which every-
thing else was erected, and the center, both literally and
almost geographically, of the entire property. These sub-
sidiary buildings include a power house, barn, conserva-
tories, stable, spring house and a tennis court. The property
includes land on both sides of the Wissahickon, which,
almost in line with the house, is crossed by a graceful rustic
bridge. The glen, of which an illustration is given in the
photographs, is a minor stream that runs through the estate,
to which it particularly belongs. One need not add that the
scenery around this spot is picturesque in a most eminent
degree, for the photographs show that as well as photo-
graphs can, although the lover of the Wissahickon will
loudly proclaim that no mere picture can portray or repro-
duce the wild grandeur of that lovely spot and properly
convey its delights to those who have not seen it.
~The Residence of Mrs. Lucy B. Chandler
Chestnut Hill,
N page 8g is an illustration of a house re-
cently built for Mrs. Lucy B. Chandler, at
Chestnut Hill, Mass. The design is simple
in character, yet interesting in its detail,
while it is very pleasingly placed among a
group of oaks, which form a good setting
The house rests upon a foundation of split
and natural faced local stone. ‘The whole of the exterior of
the building is covered with shingles. “The body of the house
is stained a warm hemlock brown, while the trimmings are
painted white. The roof is covered with natural shingles.
The doors and blinds are painted bottle green. The chim-
neys are of red brick laid in Flemish bond. ‘The entrance
is into a vestibule, through which the living-room is
reached.
The living-room is treated with white enamel paint, and
has a paneled dado, formed by the placing of a chair rail
three feet from the floor, with a plaster base, and the whole
painted the same color. There is a baywindow at the front
furnished with a seat, and an ornamental staircase with
turned posts, balusters three to a tread, and a mahogany rail.
The fireplace is built of brick, with facings and a hearth of
unglazed tile, and a mantel of Colonial style.
The den, opening from the living-room, is placed to the
left of the entrance; it is trimmed with cypress, which is
finished in a soft Flemish brown. It also has a baywindow
with seat, and an open fireplace built with brick facings and
hearth, and provided with a mantel of Colonial style.
The dining-room is treated with white enamel paint, and
has a wainscoting five feet six inches in height, which is
formed by placing moldings on the plaster wall and leaving
the plaster to form the panels; the whole is painted white
Massachusetts
with good effect. Above this wainscoting the walls are cov-
ered with a tapestry wall decoration. ‘This dining-room has
a corner china closet of the Colonial style built in, and an
open fireplace with brick facings and hearth, and a Colonial
mantel. The china closet between the dining-room and the
kitchen separates the two, and precludes any possibility of
the kitchen odors permeating the remainder of the house.
This china closet, of slight dimensions, is fitted with china
cupboards, drawer, dressers, etc. ‘The kitchen is furnished
with all the best modern fixtures, a large store pantry, and a
lobby large enough to admit an ice box.
The second story is trimmed with whitewood painted
white. This floor contains four bedrooms, seven closets, linen
closet and two bathrooms. The latter are furnished with
porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. One of
the bedrooms has an open fireplace, and two of them have al-
coves. wo bedrooms and a trunk room are on the third
floor. The cellar, cemented, contains a heating apparatus, fuel
rooms, laundry, etc. The whole house is built in a thoroughly
first-class manner, with good material and workmanship, and
without any elaborate detail being used in the finish. The
hardware which is used through the house is of brass, with
glass knobs in the main portion of the house, and white
porcelain in the servants’ quarters. The floors throughout are
of hardwood, best quality of rift hard pine being used in
the first story and cull from the same in the second story.
There are bells from all the rooms to the kitchen, with an
auxiliary bell to the servants’ quarters, and also a speaking-
tube from the second floor to the kitchen. The house is
lighted by gas and electricity.
Mr. Ernest M. A. Machado, architect, g Cornhill, Bos-
ton, Mass.
ANID Gra keD ENS
AMERICAN “HOMES
August, 1905
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The Residence of Mrs. Lucy B. Chandler, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
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90 AMERICAN HOMES. AND: GARDENS
August, 1905
The Residence of Alfred era Esq.
Yonkers, New York
HE residence of Alfred Skitt, Esq., is located
on almost the highest point of ground in
upper North Broadway, Yonkers, and over-
looks the Hudson River. On account ef
‘the prominence of its site, as well as its ex-
posure, a special scheme of construction was
found necessary in order to secure a comfortable arrange-
ment of the plan in combination with a pleasing architectural
effect.
_ The house is built of a combination of stucco, brick and
wood, with a detail of English feeling for the exterior. The
entire outside is covered with cement, soft gray in color, and
just rough enough to avoid the appearance of unevenness, so
prevalent with
smooth — surfaces,
and ‘at. the same
time lending char-
acter and tone to
the exterior effect.
All of the wooden
corbels, brackets
and over-hanging
eaves are of nat-
ural chestnut, _fin-
ished about the
color of English
oak. The whole is
surmounted with a
roof covered with
a red Celadon,
ing tile, which har-
monizes well with
the chestnut, the
verde-antique of
the copper gutters,
leaders and flash-
ings and the soft
gray stucco of the
side walls.
The entrance is
from the porte-
cochére at the
north side of the house, which has been inclosed with glass
From the entrance porch access is obtained of the terrace,
which extends across the front, beyond which the piazza is
-placed, opening also from the living-room, and thus creating
‘a privacy for the family and their intimates which could not
possibly have been provided if the entrance and piazza were
united, as is usually the case.
The vestibule and entrance loggia have a floor finished
with mosaic tile, and the former has a wainscoting of yellow
pavanazzo marble. The woodwork is of yellow mahogany.
The main hall, together with the stairs and alcoves, is
trimmed with old English quartered oak. The fireplace has
‘facings and a hearth of pavanazzo marble and a handsomely
carved mantel. The reception-room is hung with textile, and
The Entrance Porch and Porte-Cochére
is finished with cream white enamel. This delicate scheme
is carried out in the furnishings and fittings of this room.
The library, including bookcases and mantel, is trimmed
with mahogany. The large open fireplace has facings and
hearth of senna marble. Opening out of this room is the
dining-room, which is finished in Flemish oak, with hand-
carved panels of very beautiful Venetian design, imported
direct, and arranged to fit the wall spaces. All the furniture
of this room is in keeping, and with the dull wall effects
of light metallic tones, together with leaded glass of appro-
priate design, makes a very pleasant dining-room and a
harmonious whole.
The kitchen and butler’s pantry are planned on a most
generous scale, and
are furnished with
white enamel tile
wainscoting and all
the best modern
conveniences.
The second
story contains four
large bedrooms,
dressing - rooms,
three bathrooms,
maid’s room and
large” - cc. iortiiess
presses. This floor
is treated with
white enamel trim,
and the walls are
covered with artis-
and wainscotings,
porcelain fixtures
and exposed nickel-
plated plumbing.
The servant quar-
ters, trunk room
and storage space
are placed in the
attic. +. Phe cella
contains the laun-
dry, heating apparatus, fuel rooms, etc. The stable, which is
so necessary an adjunct of the country house, is designed in
the same style as the dwelling, and is built of similar ma-
terials. It has, however, a pronounced individuality of its
own, and clearly proclaims its purpose and its use. It is
planned and arranged in the best modern style, and is fitted
with the most approved conveniences for the horses and
carriages and for their rapid handling. The coachman’s
quarters have been placed in the upper story, and are
both convenient and pleasant. The whole property has
been well developed, and has been arranged with great care
and skill.
Mr. Bradford L. Gilbert, architect, 50 Broadway, New
Nonk, Ne Ye
tic decorations.
The bathrooms
have tiled floors
August, 1905 AME RIR@AN* FiO MPES' AN Di) iG@AUREDIE-NiS 91
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The Residence of Alfred Skitt, Esq., Yonkers, New York
g2 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDERS August, 1905
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A Quiet Retreat
The Stable
The Residence of Alfred Skitt, Esq., Yonkers, New York
August, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 93
‘Heim Mere,” the Summer Home of Louis L. Hopkins, Esq.
Manchester,
ASSING the many attractive houses that
command attention, on the road from
Beverly to Manchester, there is none more
picturesque than the one recently built for
Louis L. Hopkins, Esq. The house sets
well back from the highway, and the broad
expanse of velvet lawn is bounded by a low stone wall, which
is nearly hidden from view by a mass of clinging vines. Beds
of flowers dot the lawn at the front and at the sides, and at
the back are lines of willow trees and masses of shrubbery.
The approach is by an avenue which winds itself from the
main entrance and around a circular roadway to the front.
In the center of this circular roadway there is placed a mas-
sive bed of hydrangeas, which are, in the latter part of the
summer and during the
autumn, a mass of bloom
with their ever-changing
colors as the season ad-
vances. Large pots of
the hydrangea hortensia
grace the steps at either
side of the entrance door.
A wide path from this
driveway leads to the rear
of the house, where the
grounds extend to the
water's edge. On one side
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somely carved mantel. On either side of the fireplace are
low bookcases built in, and, with a comfortable chair, pro-
vides a quiet retreat. The ingle-nook forms the entrance to
the billiard-room, which extends to the edge of the verandas,
and with one of the many windows, a French one, opening
onto the veranda. This room is trimmed with mahogany
and has a high paneled wainscoting finished with a plate-
rack, filled with many handsome golf trophies. The wall
space above this plate-rack is covered with leather and the
ceiling finished with heavy molded beams.
At the left of the hall is the dining-room, one of the most
pleasant rooms in the house, with an extensive ocean view
from the circular baywindow at the end. The trim of this
room is treated with white enamel paint. This room has a
of this spacious lawn is the
stable, which is large
enough to accommodate
the horses and carriages
and the coachman’s quar-
ters overhead.
The house itself is most
attractive in its combina-
tion of gray stucco, red-
brown shingles and white
painted trim, and with the
green vines clinging to its
sides makes a most artistic
picture. Wide verandas
are placed at either side of
the house, the larger one
being at the rear, facing
the water, and both are
covered with vines; the
white clematis abounding
profusely and adding
much to the artistic appearance of the house. The grounds
at the rear of the house are even more beautiful than those
at the front, with their many beautiful flowers and the broad
sward of the green velvet lawn.
The main entrance to the house is from the low front
veranda, and through a vestibule to a reception hallway, with
Doric columns, supporting the balcony of the main landing
of the staircase. The hall, which is fitted up for a living-
room, is furnished with white enamel trim. It has a pan-
eled wainscoting, above which the walls are covered with an
embossed paper of a yellow and white design, and the whole
finished with a wooden cornice.
Opening from this hall is the ingle-nook, containing an
open fireplace with brick facings and hearth and a hand-
Porch, Showing a Bed of Hydrangea Paniculata
in the Center of the Roadway
low paneled wainscoting of Colonial character, a wooden
cornice and an open fireplace, which is particularly hand-
some with its exquisite carving and paneled over-mantel.
The second story contains the owner’s suite, with private
bathroom, guests’ rooms, and the servants’ rooms and bath,
which are placed over the kitchen extension, with a private
hall and stairway leading to the kitchen. The main bath-
rooms are very handsomely fitted up with paved tiled floor,
wainscoting of glazed tile, porcelain fixtures and exposed
plumbing, all nickelplated. Extra guest rooms and trunk
rooms are provided for on the third floor, while the cellar
contains the heating apparatus, fuel rooms, etc.
Mr. William G. Rantoul, architect, 6 Beacon Street,
Boston, Mass.
94 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905
“Heim Mere ’—The Front
Dining Sroort.
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“Heim Mere ’—The Rear
August, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 95
“Heim Mere ’—The Hall and Staircase
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDE. August, 1905
The Residence of Charles F. Droste, Esq.
Montclair, New Jersey
HE house built for Charles F. Droste,
Esq., at Montclair, N. J., is designed in the
English style that was contemporaneous
with our Colonial period. ‘The first story
and two gables are built of selected common
brick, laid Flemish bond in red mortar, with
raked-out joints and the headers projecting one-half inch
beyond the plane of the stretchers. “The semicircular stair-
case tower is built of frame covered with.expanded metal
lath and then rough plaster, the whole of which is crowned
with a copper finial. The sills, coping and floors of the vesti-
bule and piazza, as well as all the steps, are of artificial stone
of a light gray color. The remainder of the house is built
of frame, covered with ship-lapped hemlock boards, building
The Terrace Steps
paper and red cedar shingles, the latter stained red, except.
the small roof, which is stained a moss green. The trim 1s
painted white.
The central hall of the first story is trimmed with white-
wood painted a cream white, except the doors, which are
stained and finished in mahogany with rubbed-down varnish.
The rails and treads of the stairs are of birch finished the
same as the doors. Around the hall is a wooden cornice, be-
hind which the electric lights are concealed. The diffusion of
light from this arrangement is very effective. Back of the
hall, and separated from it by fluted Roman columns, is the
reception-room, which is treated the same as the hall. ‘The
walls are hung with a green paper.
To the right of the hall is the living-room, the walls of
which are paneled with broad battens of quartered oak to
the height of the doors and windows, the spaces being filled
in with olive green burlap. The space above the plate-rack,
which extends around the room, and the ceiling are tinted a
pale green. ‘The angle between the side walls and the ceil-
ing is paneled with two moldings.
The walls of the ingle-nook are entirely covered with
small-faced brick of a soft brown tone in a combination with
the buff brick mantel. Bookcases are built in at one end of
the room, at one side of which there is a door opening into
the private porch. ‘The woodwork in this room is stained
a dark brown and is finished in oil.
The dining-room is trimmed with whitewood stained a
Flemish brown. The walls are covered with tapestry up to
the height of the door cas-
ings, and the whole is fin-
ished with a_ plate-rack.
The tone of the tapestry
is blue, green and brown,
and the walls above the
plate-rack and the ceiling
are tinted a light brown.
The mantel is of special
design, and contains a
china cabinet, while the
facings and hearth are of
brick.
.The butler’s pantry is
trimmed with cypress and
finished with spar varnish,
and contains a sink, china
closet, cupboard and
drawers. The kitchen is
treated in a similar man-
ner, and has an imitation
tile wainscoting four feet
in height, and is furnished
with all the best modern
appliances. The second
floor contains five bed-
rooms, one dressing-room
and two bathrooms. The
entire trim of these rooms
is of whitewood painted
cream white. The bath-
rooms have tiled wainscotings and floor, and are furnished
with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing.
The floors throughout the first and second stories are double,
the upper one being of hardwood.
There are three bedrooms and a servants’ bathroom on
the third floor, besides ample storage spaces. The cellar
contains the laundry, heating apparatus, fuel room, cold
storage, etc. The house is heated by steam, indirect on first
floor and direct for the balance of the house. The
lighting is by gas and electricity. The house is a pictur-
esque structure picturesquely placed in a site admirably
suited to it.
Mr. Albert F. Norris, architect, 150 Nassau Street,
New York, N. Y.
~I
August, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 9
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The Residence of Charles F. Droste, Esq., Montclair, New Jersey
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905
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The Dining-Room
The Living-Room
The Residence of Charles F. Droste, Esq., Montclair, New Jersey
August, 1905
AMERICAN “HOMES
AND GARDENS 99
“Crow’s Nest,” the Bungalow of Dr. J. H. Huddleston
Navesink Highlands, New Jersey
SENVJ UST before reaching the attractive and in-
Wi teresting little station at Water Witch, as
the train from New York leaves the
steamer pier, it passes along with the coast
on the one hand and a rapidly rising wood-
land on the other. From the little station
at Water Witch a winding roadway circles itself up to the
summit of Navesink Highlands, and just before reaching
the top, and at the
turn in the road, is
the bungalow of Dr.
J. H. Huddleston.
The style of the
Swiss farmhouse,
w ith over-hanging
eaves and brackets,
was adopted for the
design of this build-
ing, and it plays a
very effective part in
its conformity with
the site, which re-
cedes with a steep
decline.
Mime Exterior
woodwork through-
out, excepting the
moldings, is left
rough as it comes
from the saw. The
covering for the out-
side is formed by
what is commonly
known as “ siding,”
except that in this
case it is made very
wide in the base-
ment, and about
eight inches for the
rest of the wall, and is left rough as it comes from the saw.
The entire building is stained a dark hemlock brown, with the
blinds treated a darker shade. The roof is covered with
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shingles, and is stained a dull green, which blends well into
the green colorings of the over-hanging trees. [he foun-
dations are of large cedar and locust posts with the bark
left on and braced diagonally with smaller poles of the
same kind. Only a portion of the cellar is inclosed.
The plan shows a large living-room, dining-room and a
kitchen with its dependencies on the first floor, and five bed-
rooms and bath on the second floor, while the servant quar-
ters are placed on
the third floor.
The interior of
the first story is
either sheathed with
rough sheathing, or
the rough boarding
showing back of
Studs: in* some
places heavy sheath-
ing paper of dif-
ferent colors is used
between the stud-
ding and boarding
““ Crow’s
in order to secure a
decorative scheme.
This is a very inex-
pensive decoration,
and gives a very
artistic and pleasing
effect; the wood-
work being stained
either the same
shade or a_ shade
that will harmonize
with the paper.
The living-room
is fitted up in an at-
tractive manner,
i with the studding
Nest and floor beams ex-
posed to view. Cross beams are cut in between, and
book shelves are placed at various points along the wall.
The staircase rises out of this room, and has a simple
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““Crow’s Nest’’—The Living-Room
balustrade with newel post. The fireplace is built of
rough brick with dark headers, and all laid in Flemish bond.
The facing of the fireplace rises up to the ceiling, and its
height is broken by a rough-hewn shelf, supported on similar
brackets, all of which have retained their bark. A long
settle, built of rough-sawn stuff, forms a very inviting retreat
beside the fireplace.
The dining-room opens from the living-room by a broad
arch, so that when occasion demands both rooms may be
thrown into one. ‘This dining-room is treated similarly to the
living-room, and is furnished with corner cupboards and
shelves over the same. The butler’s pantry, which is fitted
up complete, forms an entrance to the kitchen, which is also
fitted with all the necessary improvements, including a
large store pantry. ‘There is a stairway to the cellar,
and the rear stairway to the second story is in combination
with the front staircase.
The second and _ third
stories, with the exception
of two rooms, are plastered
throughout with rough fin-
ish. “Che two bedrooms re-
ferred to are sheathed from
the floor to the ceiling with
rough matched boards, and
are stained, giving a very
soft and_ pleasing effect
after the room is furnished.
The floors throughout
the house are of hard pine.
The hardware on the inside
of the house is of iron.
The house has electric bells
and thoroughly modern
plumbing. There is no
paint used on the inside of
the house, for everything
is stained in brown, gray
and green, so that the in-
terior effect is most har-
monious and ideal for a
summer home.
Simple as this house is in
AMERICAN " EX@iiEs
AND GARDENS August, 1905
design, it is an excellent
illustration of the possibili-
ties of the bungalow type of
dwelling. It contains, as
the plans show, and as the
descriptions and the pho-
tographs of the interior
make clear, but two
main rooms on the first
floor. Yet these two rooms,
the living-room and the
dining-room, are in them-
selves quite sufficient, with
the kitchen and its depen-
dencies, to make a complete
house—a house complete
in essential apartments, and,
in this particular case, of
sufficient size to make them
thoroughly adaptable to
every essential requirement.
An analysis of the plans
shows how very admirably
this result has been secured.
The first story plan shows
the house to consist of three
cubes, one for the living-
room, one for the dining-room, and a third for the kitchen.
This is speaking generally, of course, for the dimensions of
these rooms are by no means cubical. The comparison, how-
ever, shows the simplicity of the plan in its basic form. The
fhces which form the spaces subsidiary to the kitchen are
outside the basic cubes of the first floor, but are necessary to
the convenience of the dwelling.
Artistic expression is given to the house by the porch,
which surrounds it on two sides, and the built-out upper story
of the second floor. This arrangement entirely modifies the
aspect of the building and thoroughly removes the cubical
idea from the upper story. There are, of course, to be found
the bedrooms and the bathroom, all of which are en-
tered from a central hall. This second story is eco-
nomical in the disposition of the space and is quite beyond
criticism.
rt
“Crow’s Nest’”—The Fireplace in Living-Room
August, 1905
“Crow’s Nest’ —The Living and Dining Rooms
Here, then, is a very simple dwelling, unpretentious in its
structure and its development, yet.a very charming house to
live in and amply equipped with every essential convenience.
The design is an extremely happy one for the situation, the
house and the site having that direct relationship to each
other which characterizes every good house, and which, when
combined with fine artistic treatment, as in this instance,
sums up about all the requirements that can be demanded of
a dwelling house.
Apart from the plan and the arrangement the qualities of
this house which particu-
larly call for consideration,
and which most decidedly
assert themselves, are its
picturesqueness and its
charm. The surroundings
are, of course, picturesque
in the extreme, that is the
fortunate characteristic of
the locality in which
“Crow’s Nest” is built. It
would have been a misfor-
tune—an artistic calamity
—had this delightful set-
ting been ignored in the de-
sign of the exterior. The
picturesque was, therefore,
forced upon the architect as
the basis of the architectural
expression at the very be-
ginning; and, as the illus-
trations very happily show,
this was followed to the end.
The charm of the house
is also due to this circum-
stance. The picturesque is
always charming and
always interesting. An
architect with a keen sense
of the value of the pictur-
AY NC EVRAEGA NN: “EO MCE: S
AN D (GAR DIE.N:S on
esque could not have made
a failure of his design if
given full swing for the
display of his talent at the
outset. This undoubtedly
happened in this case, and
hence the artistic success of
this little house was assured
at the commencement of the
work.
But the house is pictu:-
esque within as well as with.
This is another quality quite
indispensable in a dwelling
of this sort, and which fol-
lows from such an exterior
as a matter of course. It is
not always possible to make
an interior correspond with
the exterior in style or in
treatment. It is not only
not always possible to do so,
but in many cases—perhaps
in most cases—it is q uite
out of the question to ac-
complish such a result. The
interior necessarily differs
from the exterior, for the
latter is but a sheathng and
a cover to the former.
There are times, however, when a certain kind of an ex-
terior suggests and calls for a certain kind of an interior, and
‘““Crow’s Nest”’ is precisely one of these. The interior
rooms, their shape, size, arrangement and furnishing, are
exactly what might be looked for in a dwelling built and
placed as this one is. In this respect the house is quite re-
markable and worthy of more study and attention than it
might, judged by its size and purpose, receive.
Mr. Ernest M. A. Machado, architect, 9g Cornhill Street,
Boston, Mass.
“Crow’s Nest”—A Rear View
102
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
August, 1905
Angoras for Pleasure and Profit
LTHOUGH the Angora goat exhibits little
of the bellicose nature which characterizes
the common goat of the city squatter’s cab-
bage patch, yet in lordly appearance and ma-
jestic mien the buck looks for all the world
as pugnacious as any four-footed beast.
Timidity is not an implied quality thereby;
in certain seasons and conditions an Angora buck is perfectly
capable of asserting his primitive rights, and even the meek-
eyed does and kids have powers for self-defense not fully ap-
preciated. But, as a rule, Angoras are gentle, affectionate
An Angora Buck
By George E. Walsh
be made to the Angora, and whether the inclosure goes by
the name of pasture, park or pen, the results are practically
the same. On the farm a flock of Angoras reclaim and clear
wild, bushy land at little expense, and on the small country
place they graze upon pasture of weeds and bushes with
evident relish. ‘The valuable fleece, meat and pelt bring to
the fancier a profit which adds materially to his income.
Brushy pasture land or second-growth timber parks make
ideal locations for the Angora flocks. Low, swampy lands
are not so suitable for the animals as moderately elevated
regions. They are better investment than sheep for clearing
A Flock of Nearly Two Thousand Angoras Photographed at Ward’s Ranch Manor, Sullivan County, New York
The Largest Flock in the East
and susceptible, in a remarkable degree, to the gentle art of
petting.
As ‘exceptionally useful and beautiful ornaments for any
country estate, they are worthy of careful attention and
study. Unfortunately the embellished press accounts of their
early importation in this country, and the wonderful profits
they promised to yield to the slothful and lazy, created a
prejudice against them in many quarters. But now that the
boom has subsided, and the goats have become creditable
inhabitants of hundreds of our farms and country places, a
true appreciation of their worth is possible.
All goats, of whatever breed and tribe, are nuisances
unless properly fenced in pasture fields. No exception should
new ground. A one-hundred-acre inclosure of fair soil and
pasture will support upward of sixty to one hundred and
fifty does. If the flock is not properly nourished on such a
park or private inclosure, a little hay and grain fed at night
will equalize the food ration.
A natural pasture or second-growth timber field fenced
with wire netting, three or four feet high, will accommodate
a flock of Angoras. The cost of inclosing ground with wire
netting averages $100 per mile, and with plain fencing wire
about $60. ‘This includes posts placed firmly in the ground
every twenty to thirty feet, with a string of barbed wire on
top and wooden stays, one by two inches, to stiffen it, and
close netting that will keep the kids from crawling through
August, 1905
or under. To inclose a one-hundred-acre field would thus
cost from $200 to $300, according to the quality of the wire
fencing and the cost of labor and posts. A smaller inclosure
for a dozen or two goats would cost proportionately less.
As a profitable investment it does not pay to keep less than
fifty to sixty Angoras, but for fancy stock any number desired
can be raised on a place of only a few acres. Lovers of
fancy-bred stock raise with success, in various parts of the
country, ten and fifteen does on natural woodland pastures
of only a few acres in extent. A dozen may be raised on five
or six acres if a little extra feeding is given at night time.
There are upward of fifty thousand thoroughbred and
cross-bred Angora goats registered in this country, and this
number is being annually increased. The pure-bred does
sell all the way from $10 to $30 a piece, with bucks ranging
from $25 to $150. Price is, after all, purely relative, and it
is not always a true indication of the real value of the animal.
Frequently a $75 buck will yield move fleece a year than a
$100 animal. But fineness and density of fleece are points
to consider as well as weight and length.
It is a safe rule among breeders of Angoras that only the
best pay. The $r1oo buck that shears six pounds of fleece
in the South and nine pounds in the North each year is much
~ 5p
A Rancher and His Pet Angora
more profitable as the head of a flock than a $50 buck which
shears only from five to six pounds. The buck is the deter-
mining factor of the herd. He makes the flock and its future
standing. Good does count, too, but the pure-bred buck is
all-important. The relatively high cost of the buck conse-
quently makes a small flock somewhat doubtful from a
financial point of view, although for the fancier such con-
siderations may have no weight.
The does shear all the way from four to six pounds of
fleece a year. Many of them are sold on “ guaranteed
clips.” The Southern Angora does, however, will shear
from one-third to one-half more when shipped North and
once acclimated. The acclimation of the Texas-bred An-
goras is frequently a point of trouble with the amateur
breeder or keeper. Does frequently show a propensity to
sicken and die in our colder climate, which is heart-breaking
to the purchaser. The time of shipment North is often
responsible for these losses. Shipments are made at almost
all seasons, including the very late winter and early spring
months. But, as a rule, the summer shipments have proved
the most successful. This is due to the mildness of our
Northern summers, which permits the does and bucks a short
season in which to get acclimated. Winter shipments im-
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 103
Fine Specimens of Lordly Bucks
pose a hardship upon the constitution of the animals that
often proves fatal. When brought North in summer or
early autumn, the goats get accustomed to their new quar-
ters and climate before cold winter weather sets in. Bucks
can be shipped during much more rigorous weather than
does or kids, for their naturally hardier constitutions enable
them to withstand climatic changes.
The demand for Angora fleece is steadily on the increase
in this country, and the textile industries annually find ready
consumption for all that the imported animals can produce.
The silky, long, lustrous fleece always commands the higher
prices, and the demand for it is greater than for the short,
coarse and lusterless hair. The mohair spinners require
well-assorted hair. The necessity of keeping flocks with
fleece as near alike in length and quality is, therefore, quite
apparent.
In selecting Angoras the density, fineness, length of staple
and type of mohair must be kept in view. When the fleece
shows uniformity of length and texture, the flock is rated
high, and the prices obtained for it correspondingly good.
High-priced bucks, next to increasing the quantity of the
annual clip, are supposed to improve the fancy points of
general value. Chippy and brittle mohair is of little value,
and also the dead, lusterless fleece. Hair that grows long
and fleecy on the upper part of the body, but poor and short
on the chest and below, will show up unevenly in the clip,
and cause so much trouble in sorting that the average value
is lessened one-half. Likewise hair that is very coarse on
the neck and chest, but silky and fleecy on the flank and
shoulders, will not sell as the best.
Angoras as Useful Pets
104
The breeding of the Angoras is, therefore, a matter of
careful attention to the details of the mohair crop. Length
of staple, fineness of each fleecy hair, even and uniform
growth all over the body and density of yield are all points
that the fancier considers, and which the owner raising the
goats for profit should equally emphasize. In pure-
bred goats fine mohair is, in time, produced on the hind
legs to the very hoofs, and to the very tips of the ears
and etaile salt, 1s all’ “a matter of
careful breeding and feeding.
The Angora park or inclosure
needs ample shed space for the
goats to find shelter from storms
and for sleeping at night. In the
winter season the barns or stables
should be wind-tight, free from
drifting snow or rain, carefully
ventilated and kept in clean, sani-
tary condition. The quality of the
fleece will depend a good deal upon
the winter treatment of the animals.
Although natural roamers in the
pure air, the Angoras get their
fleece wet and matted in summer or
winter, and if the sheds and stables
are not kept clean the filth that
attaches to the hair may breed skin
diseases. Lice, ticks and other ver-
min find favorable cultural grounds
in wet, matted, filthy hair of sheep
or goats. Such troubles can be
largely avoided by keeping the
sheds and stables absolutely clean
and fresh, and, if necessary, fre-
quent washing and combing of the fleece should be practised.
It has already been said that there is little or no profit in
Angora goats raised in small flocks of less than fifty or
sixty; but if the initial expense of inclosing the pasture with
wire fence can be dispensed with this conclusion may not
always be true. Where a natural pasture or woodland has
already been inclosed, a few goats could be turned upon it
with a chance of fair remuneration.
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDE
Caught on the Stump
August, 1905
The fancy breeder, however, considers qualities which
appeal to the eye rather than to the financial possibilities.
The Angora goat becomes to him a pet and companion.
With an agreeable disposition and fine companionable
qualities, the doe or kid is easily made a pet on the coun-
try place. Even the buck is not an unworthy pet, and
if properly treated he will develop qualities of attach-
ment worthy of all admiration.
The fleece of the Angoras, under
the name of mohair, enters largely
into the manufacture of plush
goods. Textile mills employ it ex-
tensively to give a silken finish to
woolen goods. The fleece brings,
just as it is sheared, from twenty-
five cents to one dollar a pound,
the price depending upon the qual-
ity of the hair. As a rule; the
young Angoras yield the finest and
heaviest fleece, and when long and
lustrous the outside quotations are
obtained. Shearing is done in the
spring of the year. ‘The old breed-
ing animals when finally killed fur-
nish good meat, and the pelts are
used for making carriage robes,
rugs and fur trimmings for chil-
dren’s garments.
Recently golf clubs of promi-
nence have purchased Angora goats
to turn loose on their links. Be-
sides lending beauty to the land-
scape, they improve the quality of
the links by packing the sward more
firmly and keeping down weeds and bushes. Nearly all of
the large country estates contain at least a few of the goats
for ornamental purposes, while their value as farm animals
is unquestioned.
The author is indebted to the proprietor of Ward’s
Angora Ranch, Livingston Manor, N. Y., for courtesies
extended in the preparation of this article.
The Lightning Rod
OR four years past a Lightning Research
Committee, organized by the Royal Insti-
tute of British Architects and the Surveyors’
Institution of London, have been conduct-
ing a series of investigations into the use and
value of lightning rods. ‘The recently pub-
lished report sums up and recapitulates the results of much
new study on this important subject, the practical suggestions
of which are as follows:
1. Two main lightning rods, one on each side, should be
provided extending from the top of each tower, spire or
high chimney stack by the most direct course to the earth.
2. Horizontal conductors should connect all the vertical
rods, (a) along the ridge, or any other suitable position on
the roof; (b) at or near the ground line.
3. The upper horizontal conductor should be fitted with
aigrettes or points at intervals of twenty or thirty feet.
4. Short vertical rods should be erected along minor
pinnacles and connected with the upper horizontal conductor.
5. All roof metals, such as finials, ridging, rain-water and
ventilating pipes, metal cowls, lead flashing gutters, etc.,
should be connected to the horizontal conductors.
6. All large masses of metal in the building should be
connected to earth either directly or by means of the lower
horizontal conductor.
7. Where roofs are partially or wholly metal-lined they
should be connected to earth by means of vertical rods at
several points.
8. Gas pipes should be kept as far away as possible from
the positions occupied by lightning conductors, and as an
additional protection the service mains to the gas meter
should be metallically connected with house services leading
from the meter.
In discussing this report the Electrical Review raises the
question as to whether lightning conductors are a source of
danger or not. A building “ protected ”’ by a lightning con-
ductor, it says, is probably more often struck by lightning
than it would be without it; and unless the conductor offers
a sufficiently clear run direct to earth, there is the danger of
side-flash, when a portion of the discharge will pass through
the masonry or metal-work of the building to earth. Ex-
perience appears to teach that the safest way to protect a
building from lightning is to keep the conductor quite clear
of the building, that is to say, sufficiently far from it abso-
lutely to prevent side-flash. If this be so, the best way to
treat an isolated building is by an isolated mast.
August, 1905
AGMEE Rel@sA Ne =k O MCES
AND! GARDENS
105
Luther Burbank and Plant Breeding
By Enos Brown
JO LUTHER BURBANK has been granted
the knowledge, supreme beyond other men,
of the susceptibility of plants to vary under
the influence of new environments, delicate
manipulation and | intelligent direction.
Variations in plants, in color, size, fragrance
or form, have been observed by biologists from the first, but
the phenomenon of change was regarded as a simple order
of nature and an additional instance of nature’s lavish endow-
ments. That plants could be made to respond to a dominant
will, and that the character, appearance or habits of a plant
It is only ten years since Mr. Burbank began those ex-
periments which have lately culminated. For thirty years a
resident of Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, he was perfectly
acquainted with all the conditions of climate and soil which
distinguished this portion of California. In ages past a lake
spread its broad area over this valley, depositing in time a
rich alluvial soil of great depth. Frosts are of rare occur-
rence, and plant growth, no matter how delicate, is never
arrested from this cause. In no region is there a combina-
tion of circumstances more favorable for fullest develop-
ment or successful experimentation.
Bed of Cactus Seedlings, Thornless, Showing Few Reversions
might be controlled or altered, and that new ones might be
created out of a combination of others, was never dreamed of
or imagined, but all these strange things have been demon-
strated as facts in the later years of the present generation.
The theory of plant evolution has, in a brief period, been
even more conclusively established than the most enthusiastic
disciple of Darwin ever conceived to be possible. ‘That the
scene of these superlatively impressive manifestations of the
power of the mind over the natural impulses of plant life
should have been developed in the farthest West is some-
thing to astonish the most credulous.
The marvelous results attained are due to nothing but
rational methods, insight, close observation and a highly de-
veloped knowledge of plant instinct, altogether directed by
scientific attainments of the highest order and with a definite
object always in view.
It has been established that wild flowers are stubborn in
maintaining their original form. In a bed of one thousand,
or even ten thousand blossoms, for that matter, there may
be but one exhibiting variation. The change may be upward
or downward, an improvement or otherwise. It makes no dif-
ference to the plant breeder. One plant susceptible to change
106
Hybridized Baldwin Apple, One-Half Yellow, One-Half Red
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDEWMS
August, 1905
A Bed of Fragrant Verbenas
has been found, and is selected for further experiment. All is enriched. Hostile germs are destroyed by boiling the soil.
the remaining plants, the unchangeables, are uprooted and
destroyed. Upon the one the efforts of the breeder are
centered. a hre
faculty to discern a
slight variation in a
single plant is an
essential, the foun-
dation upon which
after-results are
obtained. Let the
lover of plants en-
deavor to exercise
this faculty and
pick out of a bed
of a thousand
flowers the one
that differs from
all others in color,
form or fragrance,
and then will be
understood the fine
quality of that gift
which enables Mr.
Burbank to glance
over abed of
flowers and in-
stantly discern the
one variation for
which he is seek-
ing. Minute attention to detail is one secret of the success at-
tained. Sterilizations extend not only to the soil in which
seeds are planted, but to the fertilizer with which the soil
Sweet Vernal Grass, Showing Great Variation in Size of Plants
Grown from the Seed of One Plant
Cactus Ready for the Hybridizer
The boxes are sterilized by a solution of sulphate of copper.
Mr. Burbank has correspondents in every part of the
world where the
science of botany is
understood or a
botanist penetrates.
Scientific associa-
tions everywhere
are his coadjutors.
Persons in every
zone forward to
him new __ types.
For him to look at
a seed is to identify
it. The enyiron-
ments and condi-
tions of growth
are understood as
soon as the home
latitude of the
plant is ascer-
tained. Identical
environments of a
plant may be imi-
tated, and later, by
graft or hybridiz-
ing, new vigor,
which means
greater power of
resistance to lower temperatures, may be imparted. A
conspicuous instance of this fact is the yellow calla,
which is naturally confined to a limited area in the sub-
tropical regions of South Africa. At home it is an extremely
fragile plant. By hybridizing and crossing with the ordinary
white calla of the United States a deep yellow flower has
been evolved as hardy as the native variety. The first cross-
7
The Two Central Raspberries were Produced from the Two
Varieties at the Ends by Crossing and Selection
August, 1905
An Amarylis One-Quarter Natural Size
ing resulted in light and dark yellow flowers. Subsequent
crossings yielded flowers as deep in color as the original.
It has taken years to develop these qualities in its new envi-
ronments, but there is no reason why the yellow should not
be cultivated in tempera-
tures where the common
white now flourishes.
To the residents of New
and Old Mexico, Arizona,
Texas and Central America
the qualities, amiable and
otherwise, which pre-emi-
nently distinguish the prickly
pear need not be enlarged
upon. In the hot-houses of
the North small specimens of
the plant are cherished as
conclusive exhibitions of the
eccentricities of nature. In
its home this cactus grows
to the dimensions of trees and is used as fences to protect
the domicile against the irruptions of any animal, wild or
domestic. Its sharp thorns are impregnable to assault. Di-
vested of its spines the prickly pear as a food plant has a
value equaling one-half that of alfalfa. It propagates
itself with little moisture. Cattle eat it with avidity, but
the spines, introduced into the intestines, cause death.
A more conclusive test of the practical value of the
theories of Mr. Burbank, then, in an endeavor to divest the
prickly pear of its thorns, could not be imagined. This he
undertook to do, and succeeded.
In certain parts of Central America there grows a species
of prickly pear which has no spines or spikes, the only thorn
with which the plant is endowed being the spicules found
within the leaves. A plant of this variety was set out in the
experimental grounds and crossed or hybridized with five
Northern species, producing a type in which the spines were
almost eliminated. Continued crossings produced in the
fifth or sixth generations which was completely thornless.
Succeeding efforts resulted in a cactus in which every evi-
dence of even a spicule had vanished. ‘The new plant is
hardy and vigorous growth. One plant in the grounds is
three years old and stands eight feet high, covering a space
perhaps five feet square. Upon it there are one hundred
and seventy leaves, and the whole plant weighs nine hundred
AMERICAN HOMES
A Thornless Cactus Not Yet Deprived of its Spicules
AND GARDENS 107
pounds. The fruit is of delicious flavor, somewhat like the
pineapple, only more delicate. The deserts of the South may
be clothed in the spineless cactus at no late day. Its value
would be incalculable.
The magnificent crimson poppy, which bears a flower
fully eighteen inches in circumference, is a product of hybrid-
izing the opium with the Oriental. ‘The first generation
produced a flower having a narrow crimson streak. In this
all the pistils excepting those which were crimson were cut
off or amputated. These seeds were, in due time, planted,
and a flower nearly solid crimson bloomed from the stem.
Successive efforts eliminated every other color but the one
desired. It is the glory of the ficld; a whole garden in itself.
It took three or four years and many generations to create,
but the great crimson poppy is now a permanent addition
to the ornaments of the garden. As showing the results of
continued crossings, in a bed containing hundreds of thou-
sands of leaves there could be seen no two which were alike.
The California poppy, Eschscholtzia, naturally rich, deep
yellow in color, by following up a rare specimen in which
only a vein of crimson appeared, has developed a new type
which is all crimson.
The fragrant verbena is a product of selection and cross-
ing. One plant was discovered in which a trait of ancestry
revived and exhibited itself in one specimen, which was dis-
covered by the plant breeder and its fragrance revived.
The amarylis has been bred into a new plant, colossal
in size and gorgeous in color. Its size has been increased
to four times greater than the original, and measures
from eight to ten inches
across.
A wild white blackberry
crossed with the Lawton pro-
duces a much clearer white,
and is infinitely more pro-
ductive than the Lawton and
of finer flavor.
The common daisy of the
North has, by hybridizing
and selection, developed into
a flower four and five
times as large as the original
and many times more
beautiful. The variations
of the new plant are endless.
The latest wonder to be established at the experimental
farm are two new types of the black walnut tree, and named
the Paradox and Royal. The first is a crossing of the com-
mon English walnut with the California, the latter between
the Eastern and the California. In front of the Burbank
home there are trees of the Paradox, not yet fourteen years
Extreme Form of Blackberry Leaves Produced by
Hybridization of Two Distinct Species
108 ©
of age, which measure two feet and over in diameter at a
height of three feet above the ground. It is claimed that
these trees are by twenty-five to fifty per cent. more rapid
growers than any known. ‘The quality of the wood for
finishing is said to be very superior, and takes on a beautiful
finish.
No one expects a plant to flourish without proper nourish-
ment. The plant responds quickly to genial culture. In
color combination a new type is found or else the greater
peculiarities of one of the parents. Color is certain waves
of light. Soils known as alkali produce colors in which the
red is predominant. In soils with
acid combination blue is most
conspicuous.
Permanence of the new types
is assured. A gain in color, form,
vigor, size, fragrance or quality,
in the direction of variation, once
secured, is as liable to endure as
new varieties of fruits, berries
and flowers which have been es-
tablished for generations.
To enumerate all the varia-
tions upon established types built
up under Mr. Burbank’s meth-
ods would be impossible. There
is no end of them. Upon no
species of plant life, be it flower,
berry or fruit, has crossing and
hybridizing failed to produce the
most wonderful changes. When
a change is noted the avenue is
opened for variations in every
direction. Time is the greatest
element in all plant modifications. It may take years to
develop to the full realization of the hopes of the plant
breeder. Any property, color, shape, size or fragrance
may remain dormant, to be brought out under the influence
of improved cultivation or the stimulation of some influence
imparted by the hybridizing process. The best or the
worst qualities of a plant may be confined in a single one.
The expert plant breeder will combine many traits in order
to produce the type he is searching for.
The element of precisions enters into all of Mr. Bur-
bank’s operations. The depth to which seeds should be
planted, nature of soil required, the proper temperature, ex-
AMERICAN HOMES
Daisy Shasta, One-Third Natural Size
AND GARDENS August, 1905
posure, shady or otherwise, moist or dry—all of these par-
ticulars are observed and recorded with infinite care. When
the plants appear a careful selection is made of the most
promising. These selected plants are never lost sight of.
Then preferences, for their mute language is understood, are
humored. If color is the object sought, every other tendency
is lost sight of but that; so for size, form or fragrance. Later
a combination of all these qualities may be merged into the
one. Cultivation will not produce new type, but crossing
and hybridizing most always will.
Pollination is effective only at the moment selected by the
plant itself. “To some plants the
time is when the bees appear.
The evening primrose selects the
time when the night moths are
abroad. Pollen is sometimes ap-
plied with the finger; a camel’s-
hair brush is used in the case
of certain plants. Pollen is
gathered early in the morning.
Sometimes buds are picked and
the pollen taken as they ripen
and open. ‘The plants thus
treated are tagged and watched
and their character and habits re-
corded. It may be years before
the results of all this care and
detail are known to a certainty.
Mr. Burbank expresses him-
self as follows regarding the vast
possibilities of plant breeding.
They can hardly be estimated.
“Tt would not be difficult
for one man to breed a new
rye, wheat, barley, oats or rice which would produce one
grain more to each head, or a corn to produce an extra
kernel to each ear, another potato to each plant, or an apple,
plum, orange or nut to each tree.
‘““What would be the result?
annually, without extra cost or effort, 5,200,000 extra
bushels of corn, 15,000,000 extra bushels of wheat,
20,000,000 extra bushels of oats, 1,500,000 bushels more
of barley and 21,000,000 extra bushels of potatoes. Not
for one year only, but as a permanent legacy for all future
generations.”’
Truly a wonderful outlook.
Nature would produce
The Nursery in America
By Walter A. Dyer
TERED
OT AN
HE scientists have been making some in-
teresting experiments of late to determine
the effect of various colors on the human
nervous system. If their enthusiasm has
carried their theories too far, they have at
: least shown that there is an element of truth
in ‘fe Aen In its broader aspect, no one will seriously ques-
tion the theory that bright, harmonious colors in one’s sur-
roundings tend to greater happiness and a healthier nerv-
ous condition than the more somber hues.
Let us, then, take so much for granted, and also the state-
ment that children are fully as sensitive to their surroundings
as adults. A learned paper might easily be written to prove
that a child’s health and disposition may depend, to a remark-
able degree, upon his surroundings, whether they be bright
and cheerful or gloomy and uninteresting.
The study of pedagogy has done much to improve the
minds, bodies and characters of American children in school.
But how about the home conditions? Until recently very
little was ever done to give the child a room in which he
could grow up healthy and happy and endowed with a love
for the clean and the beautiful. ven to-day there are only
a few real nurseries in this country worth writing about.
Houses in which the decorations of parlor, library, dining-
room and chamber are all that could be desired have no
place in them for a nursery worthy of the name.
The day is fast approaching when the nursery will receive
as much attention as the other rooms in the American house,
but at present we must look to Europe for our models. Of
course, there are children’s rooms, but they are, for the most
part, meaningless in their decorations. A crib, a few pic-
tures, a little chair or two and the toys are about all that
constitute the furnishings of most of them.
England and Germany are countries of homes, and it is
in these countries that we find the best examples of the mod-
ern nursery. Some of the best designers and decorators in
August, 1905
these countries, as well as manufacturers, have been giving
their best thought to this room. Perhaps it would be interest-
ing to mention one or two of them.
There is a Scandinavian artist, Karl Larsson by name,
who has, of late years, been turning his talents into the chan-
nel of home decoration. ‘The keynote of his style is variety
and individuality. He scorns to follow fixed rules, and
decorates his walls in panels and sections, employing a great
variety of patterns, though the colorings always harmonize
and the patterns in a single room always show a certain
kinship of type. Like the Japanese, he decorates his dark
jogs and corners in lighter tones than those employed in the
spaces on which the full light of the windows falls. The
panels of his doors are decorated fancifully, and over doors
and windows he likes to arrange a little special decoration,
breaking the monotony of the frieze.
None of Larsson’s rooms are more delightful than his
nurseries. He seems to know what the little people like, and
he varies his dainty floral patterns with an occasional figure
of droll grotesqueness or fairy grace. And his color sense
is superb.. The children get as much of his skill in harmony
and blending as the grown-ups.
In England, where the decorative profession is of great
importance, there are several well-known firms which have
been doing notable things in the nursery. One of the fore-
most, Waring & Gillow, of London, exhibited at the St.
Louis Exposition last year, together with other rooms, a
fully decorated and furnished English nursery. It was full
of individuality and artistic charm, and should have made
a lasting impression on the minds of the American parents
who saw it.
In England, child-loving artists have been giving their
attention to wall paper designing. Everybody knows Kate
Greenaway’s picture books. Her wall papers are no less
highly prized in England. Walter Crane is another artist—
the last survivor of the pre-Raphaelite school, by the way—
who does not disdain to work for the little ones. He, too, is
better known in this country for his charming illustrations
of fairy tales and Christmas books, but he has employed the
same dainty grace in his wall paper designs. And now Cecil
Alden is drawing some of the most fascinating panels and
friezes that were ever designed for children.
Fortunately the work of these English artists can be ob-
tained through the importers, and there are plenty of good
English nursery wall papers now on the market. Our do-
mestic designers and manufacturers are also going into it
gradually, and there will be plenty of good, low-priced
nursery wall papers to be had as soon as the demand in-
creases.
But this is America and the present, and we must con-
sider what can be done to-day in fitting up a nursery with
the materials at hand. It is a room which is bound to become
popular soon, and it is high time that we gave it a little
thought.
In general, the furniture should be strong but not ugly,
for we must never forget that no one is more open to the
subtle influences of the beautiful than a child. The room
should be bright and the colors pleasing. The walls should
be given careful attention, and also the draperies and cover-
ings. Cretonnes and cotton prints can be obtained, bright
with flowers and fantastic figures especially designed for the
nursery. A figured chintz or flowered muslin is better for
window curtains and draperies than white lace or tapestries.
Variety and brightness and pictorial interest are what the
child loves.
The wall papers may be floral, or Mother Goose, animal
and kindred subjects, or both. The pictures should be se-
lected with the same care, and may be either simply amusing
or embody some educational idea. Historical and geo-
graphical subjects need not be uninteresting simply because
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
109
they teach something. But we should never permit poor art
or poor taste to creep in, merely because the child won’t
know the difference. He doesn’t know, but he feels.
Perhaps it will prove helpful to some reader if we describe
a sort of model nursery that will not cost a fortune. We
will assume that it is a room of fair size, with two or more
windows; the nursery must be well lighted. If it is used as
a bedroom as well as a playroom, of course there are the beds
or cribs. If the windows can be darkened with an extra set
of green shades it will often help to keep the baby asleep
in the morning until his elders want to get up.
We can use a carpet on the floor, though bright rugs are
better; they are so much more easily cleaned, and the nursery
must be kept clean to be healthful. Window draperies are
not a necessity, but something bright and pretty, draped back,
adds to the general effect.
At each of the windows, or part way around the room, we
will build a window seat, not too high, but high enough so
that little faces can look out, and broad enough so that little
legs can be stretched out comfortably. We will make it
simple and won’t try to give it such a high polish that we
shall have to make annoying rules to prevent scratching.
For the rest of the furniture we will buy whatever we can
that is small enough and strong and pretty. Willow rockers
are plenty, and there is one manufacturing firm in New York
which makes a line of little chairs and tables and desks, in
the mission style, strong and dark colored, and just the right
size. We’ll buy some of those, if we can find them.
Now for the walls. We'll find out how far up little fin-
gers can reach, and just above that point we’ll run a narrow
shelf around the room. On this we can put ornaments and
bric-a-brac, of the sort that children love, out of harm’s way.
By all means get one of those old-fashioned barometers, with
the quaint man and woman in the cottage door.
Below the shelf or plate-rail we will use something very
durable and not easily soiled. Suppose we use a dark green
burlap. We can add to the durability and decorative effect
by paneling it off with flat, vertical cleats a couple of feet
apart. All the woodwork should be stained a dark color, so
that we won’t have to be continually on the lookout for
finger-marks. If we use the black or brown mission furni-
ture, the woodwork stained to match will produce a most
satisfactory result.
Now above the shelf we must bring in our color, and we
have placed the shelf as low as possible in order to get in
as much color as possible. Never be afraid of using plenty
of color; discord is the only thing to be avoided. Just above
the shelf we will use a Mother Goose or an animal frieze.
Friezes are generally hung at the top of the wall, to be sure,
and your paperhanger will doubtless insist on the prescribed
method, but there is no law to prevent our hanging this one
nearer the level of bright eyes, and if we try it I think we'll
be rather pleased with the result than otherwise.
Above the frieze we’ll use a floral wall paper in natural
colorings. We'll taboo blue roses and pink violets. If we
haven’t many pictures, we can use quite a gaudy floral. Or
we can use something quiet and dainty, and depend more
upon the hanging pictures or poster panels. There’s a good
series of such panels for the nursery on the market called,
“Morning,” “ Noon” and “ Night.” Wherever there are
many pictures in a room, it’s always well to use a quiet paper.
Too pronounced a pattern is always fighting with the pic-
tures for supremacy.
Now, then, we have a room that serves a number of prac-
tical ends, and which Gerald and Irene will go into ecstacies
over when we let them in and tell them it’s theirs. Won’t it
be worth the trouble and expense?
We shall undoubtedly find many ways in which to improve
on this pattern, but it will do for a working basis. Some of us,
though of modest means, must make the experiment.
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS August, 1905
Principles of Home Decoration
II—Concerning Halls
By Joy Wheeler Dow
were speaking of the halls of con-
ventional city houses on conventional city
lots or the halls of apartment houses, I do
not know that anything need be said further
than to keep them as little furnished and
as unobtrusive by decoration as possible.
Superficial embellishment of these halls only tends to adver-
tise their architectural deformity, which no decoration can
1—The Hall of Hoghton Tower, Lancashire, England, Showing Vast Size and Height
cover up; for, architecturally, they are not halls at all—“ pas-
sages’ is the better word. ‘There used to be some old-fash-
ioned city houses which had main passages
so amplified by breadth, and by placing the
staircase in a staircase-hall toward the rear,
sometimes, as in the older parts of Phila- \Pin ba
delphia, leading to a mezzanine dining-
room in a back building, as to deserve being
dignified as halls. But in this paper I am
presupposing the most important institution
in the plan of an Anglo-Saxon dwelling-
house, which, if not always the principal
room, is always the axis morally, whether
mathematically or not, of the house
scheme. And this, to plagiarize a catchy
refrain from “The Runaway Girl,” “I
think is quite the kind of hall we care
about.”
Now, every good American with the
least ambition looks forward to some day
when he shall have a country seat in which
there is pre-eminently a hall, not necessarily
so splendid an apartment nor inclosing the
vast cubic space inclosed by the hall at
Hoghton, in Lancashire, England, but a
hall with every inch as much home significance. ‘That is the
thing! And I only wish that the wealth of the United States
was such, and economic differences so nicely adjusted, as to
permit every individual citizen whose free education has
created and cultivated the want, to acquire equally good archi-
tecture for his dwelling place.
To most of my readers this single object lesson of a hall
will be sufficient without a word relative to its merits in detail;
but to give my illustration still
greater power and influence |
can do no better than to follow
the good illustration by one
which has been marred by over-
crowding.
In plate No. 2 is shown the
main hall of an imposing man-
sion not far from New York
City. It has been enriched with
every decorative device that
wealth could suggest. Still, the
effect produced is not altogether
satisfactory. The architect is
largely to blame for the results
produced, as he has too much
duplicated the use of the arch,
until the eye is wearied with the
effect and the observer is re-
minded of the endless rows of
arches in the temple at Cordova,
fascinating though that arrange-
ment may be for a Moorish
mosque. It will be observed that
the three Greek orders have been
indulged in on the supporting
columns. It would seem less
confusing to have adhered to
either the Corinthian or Ionic order and to have left the
other forms alone. ‘Then, too, the winding of scarves about
w
nn ri
2—Hall Marred by Over-Profusion
“August, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
III
AND GARDENS
3—A Very Delightful Hall in an American Dwelling House
the balustrades of the gallery is a questionable expedient.
The hanging of embroideries, tapestries or vestments: from
the galleries of vast halls is often resorted to by the best
architects and decorators, but this method of decoration
should be used with conservatism.
But let us rest our eyes and relax the tension of our
nerves by a return to the hall in Lancashire. ‘ The poor
taste of the rich”’ is not proverbial in America, however,
more than is the good taste of the rich proverbial in
England, only English Country Life, from which our illus-
tration is taken, looks out not to encourage the poor
taste by publishing it, for the influence of pictures is so
far-reaching as to make or unmake a nation.
|
|
'
Ti ae
4—Avoid Piano Lamps as a Means of Decoration
A very delightful hall in an American dwelling house is
presented in No. 3, demonstrating the power of a moderate
amount of money judiciously employed. ‘There are no harsh
contrasts, no scarves, no bric-a-brac, no superfluous ornamen-
tation. Compare the lines of the chair in the foregrouna
with those of the Empire chair in No. 2. The Empire furni-
ture is a very unaccommodating and trying style, which the
decorators, for obvious reasons, do not tell you. Even when
its lines are good it should be used sparingly and with great
care, but when its lines are ugly, as in the chair in No. 2, you
had better confine your Napoleonic enthusiasm to his bi-
ographies. Every hall in American Renaissance should have
a cornice and wainscot after the manner of what we see in
of the Most Dignified of its Class in America
6—The Stuffed Owl upon the Mantel-Shelf is Perhaps the Best Feature
No. 3. I can not recommend finishing more than the top
member of the stair rails in mahogany. The mahogany rail
in No. 3 is a bit heavy, but we shall not be hypercritical upon
a minor detail when that detail is the only disappointing
one.
Much less agreeable to look at is the American hallway
we have exemplified in No. 4. There are, happily, no scarves,
as in No. 2, but there are two befrilled piano lamps and other
extremely mediocre intrusion both in furniture and archi-
tectural detail. Avoid piano lamps, as you should all house-
hold impedimenta.
Equally as expensive as No. 1, and quite as carefully
thought out, is the Jacobean hall, also belonging to an
American estate. (See No. 5.) I believe this hall to be the
8—An Interior in Kent, England, in which Simplicity is Likewise Strenuous Simplicity
AMERICAN #Eh@RRE
AND GARDENS
August, 1905
7—Strenuous Simplicity
most beautiful hall of its class in America. At Blickling
Hall, in Norfolkshire, there is a very similar gallery, but it
is not so successful either in its proportions or detail as this
hall in America.
A typical average hall of the modern American dwelling
is presented in No. 6. The stuffed owl upon the mantel-shelf
is, perhaps, its best feature, because the combination gas and
electric chandelier looks cheap and tawdry, and were it
lighted would burn up any percentage of historic atmosphere
there might be in the place. The chimney-piece is a regular
hand-me-down, catalogue mantel, no doubt, stained, when the
rule is never to stain anything unless it be shingles or timbers
on the outside walls of a house. There might be a note of
hope in the Governor Bradford armchair, but even this piece
of furniture is not loyal to its
professed antecedents, for it
has not their good lines. The
lines have been narrowed
and pinched. The legs and
arms of the other chair are
in better design, but these
are spoiled again by the
Sixth-avenue-sidewalk back.
Then, of course, the center
table has neither family nor
ancestor.
No. 8 represents an in-
terior in Kent, in England.
I wish to give the reader
credit for sufficient knowl-
edge of good interior archi-
tecture, not to enumerate
and point out the particular
excellences herein presented.
It is the air of simplicity
without being strenuous
simplicity; for strenuous
simplicity, however com-
mendable it may be in pub-
lic life, is not to be com-
mended for the home. The
hall shown in No. 7 is a
crowning example of stren-
uous simplicity. The home-
like effect, however, has
been sacrificed by a severity
that is almost extreme in its
artificiality.
August, 1905
AC NEES We vAGN © E© Mer S
AIN Dia {Gy Age ENS [13
How to Make a Camp in the Woods
By A. Russell Bond
S THE hot south wind smothers us and the
glare of naked stone buildings and treeless
asphalt streets blinds us many flee from the
immediate discomforts of the busy city to
the summer resort, seeking to avoid the
odium of one type of civilization by enter-
ing the civilization of another type scarcely less wearing on
mind and body. But the wise few who heed the forest call
steal back to the old forgotten nature homestead, there to
coax back some of the strength and vigor that blessed the
childhood days of mankind.
Curious lodgings some of them find, mere brush lean-tos;
primitive tents with saplings for ridge poles, and hemlock
boughs for walls, or rough bark shelters in which the ridge
pole supports rafters covered with strips of bark. Some
campers bring their shelter with them in the shape of a
sleeping bag, a light silk tent, or a large canvas-wall tent, but
required being a sharp ax, a saw and a hunter’s knife. First
the site must be chosen on high ground; if possible, on a
knoll where a good view may be had of some of the sur-
rounding country. At any rate, the cabin must not be lo-
cated near swampy or boggy ground. However, plenty of
good, fresh water is absolutely essential, and before finally
selecting the location of the cabin one should make sure
that there is a spring or a clear stream close at hand. ‘The
site chosen, the underbrush should be cleared, and the plan
of the cabin should be staked out. A large cabin would
require a substantial foundation—a deep trench filled with
stones or a row-of poles sunk into the ground; but for the
average ground-floor cabin it will be sufficient to sink posts
at the corners to prevent settling. If the ground is fairly
hard large stones may be used instead. The logs may now
be cut. They should, of course, be as straight and as nearly
uniform in diameter as possible. To be sure, the logs must
A Canvas-Wall Tent among the Big Trees of California
this savors too much of civilization, and is an insult to the
resources of the forest. The true worshipper of nature will
scorn to use any material in his home, whether temporary or
permanent, that can not be hewn from the forest itself. Of
course, when a man is off on a hunting expedition or a tour
of exploration, he must be satisfied with the temporary
shacks of brush or bark, hastily erected in the late after-
noon, but the ideal abode in the forest is the log cabin. The
log cabin is capable of as much variation in form and design
as any modern cottage, but since it is the object of the forest
lover to get away from all suggestion of town and city life,
he will prefer the humble hut of the frontiersman to the
twelve-room, two-story-and-attic log dwelling that in the
Adirondacks goes by the name of camp.
The building of a log cabin is a very simple task. An
expert axman will probably construct it in a couple of days,
and even a novice could do it in a short time, the only tools
project beyond the corners of the cabin, and for this at least
one foot should be allowed at each end of the building. It
will make the log house more durable, though it would rob
it of much of its charm to peel the bark from the logs. This
can be readily done in the early summer months, and the
bark can be flattened out and used later for roofing purposes.
The bare logs are soon weathered to a soft gray tint which is
not unpleasing to the eye, and which blends with the coloring
of the surrounding forest. The chief objection to leaving
the bark on the logs is that it offers a home for all breeds
of ants and wood-boring insects. However, if, despite these
objections, it is desired to keep the logs in their natural
clothing of bark, it will be found preferable to build a cabin
in the latter months of the summer, for then the bark will
adhere better to the wood.
First choose two of the largest logs and lay them at the
front and the rear of the cabin. They should be flattened
114 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
along the bottom, so that they will rest squarely on the
foundation. Notches should be cut in each log about a foot
frome ac h end.
Then a pair of logs
should be rolled
across them for the
beginning of the
side walls. ‘The side
logs should be rolled
to such a position
that another half
turn would drop
thse mi, into: -t he
notches in the logs
below, but before
giving them this
final half turn they
should be notched
on the upper side, so
that when they drop
into position these
notches will fit over
the notches of the
lower logs. After these side logs are in place they are
notched at the ends to receive the next pair of front and back
logs, and so the work progresses until the walls are car-
ried up to their full height. The notches are all cut to a
depth of about one-quarter of the diameter of the log,
and as the logs are notched on both the upper and the
lower sides, it will be evident that there will be no gaps
between the logs on the side, except such as are due to
irregularity of shape. When building up the walls, it
will be found best in practice to lay the logs with their
butt ends alternately at opposite corners of the building.
It will be very difficult to find logs of a uniform diameter
throughout, and by thus alternating the positions of the
large ends the walls will rise evenly all around. Some
cabins are built with the logs flattened at the ends, but
they are not quite as strong as when the logs are notched,
because the only thing that prevents the walls from being
pushed outward is the friction due to the weight of the
timber. There are, besides these, many other ways of
joining the logs at the corners, but most of them are
rather difficult for an inexperienced man to practise.
The method of putting in a doorway or window is apt
to trouble the uninitiated. When the walls have been
carried up to the height of the desired opening a piece
corresponding in length with the width of the opening is
August, 1905
sawed out of the top log. This leaves a space large
enough for inserting a saw so that the remaining logs
can be cut when desired. The sawed log may be tem-
porarily stayed by a cleat while the walls are being built
on up to their full height. When the top of the wall
is reached the next two logs are notched in at a short
distance back from the edge of the wall. These are con-
nected by cross logs as usual. And then the next pair are
laid still further in from the edge, and so on until the
final central log is placed in position and serves as the
ridge of the roof. Light poles may be laid across these
roof beams to serve as rafters. ‘The rafters may be held
in place by a light log laid across them at their lower
ends, as shown in one of the illustrations. The rafters
are covered with pieces of bark, which are made to over-
lap each other, like shingles. In one of the cabins illus-
trated a rather novel tile effect is produced by using for
the rafters logs split in two with the central core removed.
These trough-shaped logs are laid in place in a regular
tile fashion, so that rain will be shed from the round of
one into the troughs of the two at each side. At the ridge
the joints are covered by an inverted trough-shaped log.
For further protection the logs are covered with bark. When
the roof has been laid the openings for the doors and win-
dows may be sawed
out after first nail-
ing a strip of wood
to the logs along
each side of the pro-
posed openings to
bind them in place
and prevent them
from buckling out
of line. Whveste
strips, however, are
only temporary. A
permanent binding
is provided by nail-
ing jambs against
the sawed ends of
the logs, and the
frame of the door
A Useful Device in Roof Construction, Showing How the Logs have been Hollowed Out __ is then completed by
and Laid in the Manner of a Tile Roof
adding a lintel and
sill. A rough door
may now be constructed of wood slabs or boards bat-
tened together. For a hinge two pins may be used nailed
Some Bring their Shelter with them in the Form of a Sleeping Bag
August, 1905
respectively at the top and bottom of the
door at one end, and fitting loosely into
holes in the lintel and sill of the door
frame. Glass for the windows is some-
what ofa luxury. A primitive substitute
is oiled paper, which admits plenty of
light and also prevents rain from beating
in. The chinks between the logs of the
cabin can be closed with pieces of wood,
rolls of bark or a plastering of mud. A
flooring of logs split into slabs will be
found an acceptable luxury, though it is
not necessary on well drained ground.
No log cabin is complete without an
open fireplace. A stove is very much out
of keeping with a primitive dwelling. Its
dead black walls lend no poetry to the
surroundings. A large open fireplace
should, by all means, be constructed. For
this purpose an opening should be cut in
the rear of the building and framed in the
same way as a door or window. If stones
are plentiful, a chimney of rustic masonry
can be built up on the outside, using mud
or clay for mortar. With such a chimney
it will be found best to use only flat stone,
because the binding power of the mud is
not very strong, and where the fire opening comes in contact
with the logs of the cabin a thick lining of clay should be ap-
plied. Where stones are not available, the frame of the
chimney can be constructed of logs and sticks, notched and
built up like the logs of the main building. A lining of clay
at least twelve inches thick must cover the wood. The chim-
ney should be carried well above the gable of the cabin to
insure a good draft in any direction of the wind. The fire-
place may be raised a little above the floor of the cabin and
framed in with large logs well plastered with clay.
For a bunk a pair of logs are laid parallel on the floor,
and the space between them filled with hemlock or balsam
boughs, or the latter may be supported on stout sticks laid
across the logs. But of the making of camp furniture there
isno end. Rustic stools, chairs, benches, settees, tables, cup-
boards, desks, chests, can all be added as fast as one’s skill
and ingenuity permits. In fact, it is the fitting up of the
AME RVGANS HOMES
AND GARDENS
The Use of Boards and Shingles Greatly Simplifies the Work of Construction,
But They Are Not Always to Be Obtained
cabin out of the limited resources at hand that adds so much
to the charm of living in the frontiersman’s abode. The use
of bark in a hundred and one different ways, even the build-
ing of a camp fire in the open, and the many other tricks of
the woodsman, which can be acquired only by actual ex-
perience, will be found a most fascinating study—a study
that carries one far from the sphere of business cares and
anxiety. It was only a short time ago that the free life of
the forest was considered a species of savagery, a relic of
the brute instinct, betokening an animal origin, but in these
days of feverish business activity, when every day emphasizes
the need of frequent and thorough rest, it is no longer con-
sidered vulgar or barbarous to seek recreation at the old
homestead where man at his creation gained strength and
vigor.
We are indebted to Mr. Henry D. Cochrane for several
of the photographs published herewith.
Science for the Home
Ventilation for the House
8g HE last word on ventilation will probably
never be said while there are people to live
in houses. And yet, important as ventilation
is for the house, it is rather its relation to
public buildings, to places of assembly, such
as churches, schools, theaters and other
places of amusement, to factories and workshops—ain fine, to
any place where large numbers of people are crowded to-
gether—that is considered, than its direct relationship to the
house, or the very important part ventilation must have in the
dwelling; in no place is pure air more urgently needed than
in the home.
The breathing of impure air is precisely identical, so far as
its effect is concerned, upon the human body as the drinking
of impure water or the eating of impure food. Both air
and water are foods, foods of such abundance in supply and
so readily obtained that little thought is given to their get-
ting. This is especially true of air, which is the single life-
sustaining element obtained without cost or labor, and a gen-
eral indifference exists as to its origin and a quite profound
lack of knowledge as to its contents and qualities.
One of the newest of the New York hotels recently in-
stalled an elaborate and intricate air-filtering plant, by which
every pound of air brought into the building was thoroughly
filtered and cleaned before reaching the rooms. It was not
a new idea, but it had not before been applied to a building
of this sort, and perhaps never before on so large a scale.
The results obtained were little short of startling, a very con-
siderable quantity of dust, dirt and ashes being obtained
each day.
In the present state of the ventilating art it is hardly pos-
sible that air filters can come into general use as regular
articles of household equipment, valuable and servicable-as
such a device would be; but the practical demonstration that
the air of New York—and in an excellent locality, it should
be noted—is so foul as to yield appreciable and even con-
siderable amounts of refuse is an object lesson of the utmost
importance.
116
AMERICAN’ HOMES
AND GARDENS August, 1905
Helps to Home Building
The Arts and the House
VASE of porcelain, a piece of Japanese
bronze, a rare silk rug, a cherished writing
table that belonged to some remote ancestor,
may at first sight seem slight material on
which to build up a household interior; yet,
as a matter of fact, each one of these things
could very well be taken as the starting point on which very
beautiful rooms may be arranged. Comfort is, no doubt, the
first quality to be considered in a room; but it must also be
beautiful, or it will fall far short of being all that it might
be and all that it ought to be.
As everything within a room helps in the finality of effect,
it is apparent that the ornaments and decorative objects have
a part to perform that is quite as real, and sometimes quite
as important, as the larger articles of furniture without which
every room would be unusable. In a popular sense, no
doubt, the word ornament implies something that is not use-
ful, something we can get along without, something that is
not needed, something that is purely unnecessary. In a literal
sense, and from the standpoint of the home maker, nothing
inside the house is without use, nothing of so slight a value
that its presence is simply tolerated with an affected disre-
gard of its presence.
Ornaments, however, have their use, and a very real use,
in the house, and that is to add to the beauty of the interior.
It is an unfortunate chance that gives to most new house-
holders a very miscellaneous collection of ornaments ac-
quired as wedding gifts. Well meant as many of these offer-
ings are, they are chosen, in most cases, without the slightest
regard to their future location or utilization. ‘Terrible as it
is to think of many of these objects, it is much more terrible
to have them. But the outlook is by no means so dark as it
once was. The standards of good taste have risen markedly
in America in the last twenty-five years, and the movement
is still upward. The opportunities to purchase ugly orna-
ments—as if an ornament could, by its very nature, be ugly!
—are no longer so numerous as formerly. Better things
are made and more of them. The individual maker, who is
often an artist in a quite true sense, has entered the field of
commerce, and many beautiful and artistic ornamental ob-
jects can now be purchased almost everywhere.
It is to be hoped that gaudiness has had its day, although,
without a widespread artistic culture that is true culture, it
would be rash to prophesy as to what may happen in the
world of art. Just now we are passing through an epoch of
novelty, in which the cry for something new is very loud and
penetrating. It is a painful period, for it introduces, as a
measure of art, a standard which is not only not artistic, but
which has nothing to do with art—the standard of newness.
It is a quite natural consequence that many strange, weird,
fearful things are manufactured and sold under the disguise
of art, simply because nothing like them was ever seen before.
It is a sad commentary on our art culture that several suc-
cessful industries have grown up around such a foolish notion.
If the young bride starts in with a more artistic group of
gifts than her mother began with, it is chiefly more due to the
fact that there are better things to buy than because of a
wider artistic culture among her acquaintanceship. But even
this is something to be thankful for, and were it not that
these offerings are selected by many persons, and entirely
without regard to their final disposition, a very good be-
ginning might be made in household ornamentation.
From the householder’s point of view ornaments may be
grouped into two classes: those which are given and those
which are acquired. With the former he has nothing to
do; he is the helpless victim who must take what he gets and
make the best use he can of it. The difficulties of the problem
are not lessened by the fact that every donor, even of the
most impossible gifts, expects his offering to be valued and
appreciated, and, if not actually given the place of honor in
the home, at least displayed in a conspicuous place, where it
can be seen by all. The acquired ornaments belong to quite
a different class, and constitute objects purchased by the
householder for his own particular delight and joy, and be-
cause they fit into some definite scheme of interior decora-
tion; are, in short, necessary to the artistic effect of certain
rooms.
And they are more than that, for they are manifestations
of personal taste, and show, in a thoroughly unmistakable
way, how far one has progressed in personal art culture. Per-
haps this aspect of ornaments is seldom thought of, and per-
haps it is of no special value; for the whole home is a work
of art—or it should be—and the home that contains ugly
furniture and unsatisfactory curtains will not be redeemed by
a beautiful vase or an exquisitely turned candlestick, admir-
able as each may be.
The lesser arts are entering the home more and more each
day. The personal note of the individual craftsman—the
genuine art worker—is now given to many objects which, not
long since, could only be obtained in factory-made form or
not at all. But only a beginning has been made. ‘The de-
partment store is still with us, and vulgar art flourishes amaz-
ingly within it. The prices of individual or exclusive de-
signs, as they are sometimes called, is high, for the labor
expended in their production is costly and the markets are
somewhat restricted. One may rightly hesitate at paying
four dollars for a single candlestick, but the man or woman
who debates whether the candlestick shall cost twenty-five
cents or four dollars is hopelessly lost.
Glass, pottery and metal, to name the materials of which
ornamental objects are chiefly made, are much more used in
the house than formerly. And not only are they more used,
but they are used in a better way, with more intelligence and
in more artistic forms. It is a good sign of the broadening
influence of art that this is so. And it is a good sign that
many people now appreciate and treasure such objects that,
not long since, scarcely knew them by name.
With this increased use comes greater responsibility. It
is not sufficient simply to have objects; one must know how
to use them and get the best from them. The arrangement
of ornamental objects is quite as important as their posses-
sion, perhaps more so; for the most beautiful object loses
much of its value if it is improperly disposed, or so placed
that its fullest value is not given to the room in which it
stands.
Over-crowding with ornaments is an atrocity that should
be avoided at all costs. Too many ornaments is distinctly
worse than none at all. No ornaments show want of
taste, a failure to realize to the utmost the possibility of room
decoration, and an ignorance of the refinements of life. Too
many ornaments show lack of proportion and amount to a
vulgar overloading of the rooms, which is even more dis-
heartening than none at all. Of few things is it truer than
that too much of a good thing may be bad.
August, 1905
The
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
Garden
The Garden Month by Month—August
eng UGUST is the harvest month of the garden.
mM It is the time of realization and complete-
ness. The flower garden is now at the
cee of maturity. The early plants have
bloomed and done with; but the later plants
—the plants grown from seed, the rich late
tlowerers, the plants one has labored for and most wished to
see in bloom—these are now in the perfection of maturity,
and the garden is ablaze with color as it never was before,
and as, alas! it soon will not be again. It is, therefore, the
harvest month, the month when all the flower lovers’ hopes
are realized, and the harvest of labor is complete.
There is now no creative work to be done; that has long
since been finished and completed. One can realize now
how far right one was in the planning and arrangement. It
will be a serviceable thing to make records of the color
scheme, jotting down the bunches of color where they espe-
cially predominate and studying the excellence of the present
result, or arranging for a bettering the next season. It is
good, too, to watch one’s neighbor’s gardens, to note wherein
they excel one’s own, to see what rare and curious plants he
may have, and how successful he may have been with com-
moner and more frequent plants. Nor should one trust to
one’s memory in such matters; a little note-book will be useful
for this work, and at the end of the season should be richly
stored with knowledge and suggestion, much of which should
bear good fruit next year. One’s own experiences should also
be fully noted, for the best of memories are apt to fail at
times, and a written record has a value and utility that mere
memory can not give.
While the garden has long since been complete, and is now
perfected from the flowering standpoint, there is still work
to be done. It is a lucky gardener who has no weeds in
August, and the person who does not, some warm August
morning, discover some gigantic weed in the full pride of
blooming where only flowers should appear, is fortunate in-
deed. With the utmost care one is continually passing over
weeds which have a habit of maturing in most unexpected
places. Even in these late days the weeder has his occupa-
tion, although his work is slight compared to what it was
earlier in the year.
Notwithstanding its maturity of bloom the garden must
be kept in spick and span order. The lawns must be regularly
and frequently mowed, the paths kept scrupulously clean,
the plants watched for insect and other ills, the dead flowers
plucked off unless deliberately allowed to seed, by which the
blooming power of the plant will be greatly decreased.
There is always work to do in the garden, and August is no
exception to this imperative law.
Yet even in these warm days it is necessary to look beyond
to the winter plants and even to the planting of next spring.
Pansy seed for early spring blooming should now be sown,
in rich fine soil. When the young plants have reached a
height of two inches they should be transplanted and set six
inches apart. All tendencies to flower should be rigidly
checked. When the cold weather comes they may be covy-
ered with brush and then with pieces of burlap, which will
keep them warm while admitting air at the same time.
Other winter plants should now be started. The seeds
of cineraria, cyclamens, Chinese primroses and similar plants
should all be sown and the plants given a good start in pots
before they are taken within the house.
The School Garden
THE growth of the school garden idea is one of the most
interesting phases of modern education. Primarily designed
to interest children in garden growth, to give them a real,
understandable interest in nature, it has long since tran-
scended this elemental point of view and become a potent
force in the educational scheme. Yet its primitive purpose,
to interest children in nature, is still of value, and of very
great value, and must necessarily always remain so.
The original idea of introducing plant life, with its mar-
velous story of growth and beauty, into child life is inherently
beautiful. It is an idea as beautiful in the city as in the coun-
try. Its novelty in city school life is greater than in the
country, yet its value as an object lesson in natural beauty is
quite as great and quite as necessary in the country. The
country child does not take naturally to flowers or to any
form of plant life. He has them constantly with him. His
father, in most cases, has no interest in flowers as flowers, or
in anything that grows save as a source of revenue. A
glance will tell him if a field of wheat is a good field, if a
cabbage patch will make a profitable’yield, or if the potatoes
are doing well. He can, of course, distinguish all vege-
tables at the merest glance, and his knowledge of the rota-
tion of crops may be more than superficial.
But of the beauty of plant life, of its beauty significance,
of the profound lessons of germination and growth, he has
no idea whatever. Nor is his wife much better equipped.
She will have, perhaps, her little door-yard, but save for a
few plants around the house there will be nothing at all.
The advocates of the school garden, however, do not
stop at introducing interest alone; they do not seek merely
to teach how plants and flowers grow—in itself perhaps suf-
ficently valuable knowledge—but they go much further than
that, and correlate the school garden to other phases of teach-
ing, so that, in a sense, it forms the basis of the whole school
idea. Thus arithmetic is taught in planning and laying out
the garden. The multiplication table. fractions, lessons in
finding areas and perimeters, measuring distances and other
work of like nature all have their place. Later on certain
aspects of bookkeeping are introduced, the children buying
seeds and receiving bills for them, paying for them with
checks and otherwise conducting the garden affairs on a busi-
ness basis.
Other phases of teaching are illustrated and developed in
the garden work. Facility in the use of language is pro-
moted by encouraging and demanding conversations on the
work done and things observed. Diaries are kept, and the
child trained in writing and in observation. Drawing is
helped, and coloring, by the drawing of plant life. Prac-
tical lessons in ethics and behavior are developed in the
garden work which have a very high value in practicability.
One child, for example, will help a sick child; one boy will
learn that he must do the joint work necessitated by the de-
velopment of a concerted scheme; and in other ways the
children learn to understand the relationship which must
exist between every member of a single community. The
variety of lessons thus taught is most considerable.
118
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS August, 1905
The Household
The Individual Room
of the room is the stock-in-trade advice of
all professors of the art of household ar-
rangement. On its face it is very good
advice, and, as far as it goes, quite excellent.
CASA But advice is only good when it means some-
thing and has definite value. It may be worth while, then, to
briefly analyze this suggestion, with a view to ascertaining
its real value.
Individuality in room arrangement has two aspects, the
general and the personal. In a general sense every room
should display some personal note. And this personal note
should be so marked as to be decisive and characteristic of
the whole apartment. It means more than making each room
look different or filling each apartment with different articles
of furniture; and it is, on the other hand, something quite
different from making each room so very distinct that its
relationship to the adjoining rooms is simply that of
contiguity.
One’s own room, we are glibly told, and very often told,
should be a reflection of oneself. The suggestion is well
worth pondering over. Is human nature, then, so open a
book that its innermost recesses may be displayed in the
choice of chairs and tables, in the selection of colors, in the
tints of the wall coverings and in other articles of household
equipment? Do the laboratories of psychology in which so
much excellent work is done for the study of mind include
such matters in their well ordered courses of investigation?
Or is the soul, after all, not to be revealed, nor one’s choicest
thoughts?
The Buying
THE buying of furniture is one of the most difficult things
in the equipment of a home, and it is a singular fact that
many stores which are loaded with furniture to the roof offer
little serious aid in this most important task. The furniture
man has, of course, to suit many tastes and meet many re-
quirements; his wares are apt to be most various and diverse.
They consist, without exception, of goods of two great
classes, good furniture and bad furniture. These he displays
with so much art that the good is thoroughly mixed with the
bad. In his heart of hearts he doubtless knows that the bad
furniture is not worthy to sell; but he probably regards a bad
chair sold as a piece of good business, and he calmly leaves
the selection to his customer. If the buyer can not distin-
guish between good furniture and bad it is none of his busi-
ness. He is there to sell goods. He very likely would not
understand what was meant by the immorality of selling a
bad chair or an evil-looking table.
The responsibility for the purchase must rest with the
customer. And very few customers attack the problem
with adequate knowledge or with any knowledge at all. A
piece of furniture that in itself may be very beautiful may
not have any real value either of use or of beauty in the
modern household. ‘The delicate furniture of the various
Louis epochs, for example, has little modern value, even
though very beautiful in itself. It was designed for a definite
environment and for people who lived and dressed in the
modes of a former time. It is distinctly not modern, and
therefore not well adapted to modern needs. That such
furniture is used to-day and abounds in houses of the wealthy
This, of course, opens up the weakness of advice of this
sort. Should a person of mild, gentle disposition exhibit
these delightful characteristics in the choice of colors and in
the curves of furniture? Should the furnishings of the room
of a pugnacious person bristle with opposition and display
bull-dog tenacity in every article? Yet, unless these qualities
are made obvious, how is the advice to be followed, and the
room made a true index of the personality that dominates it?
Some recent room idealists go even further, and claim that
it is not too much to arrange a room to suit the complexion
of the person whose room it is. Thus the story is told of a
white-haired woman who dresses in white and receives in a
white drawing-room, a combination that very effectively
brings out the rare beauty of her rose-leaf complexion. A
soft shade of brown is said to form a most effective back-
ground to a head of golden-rose hair. Andso on. Exquisite
affairs such rooms must be, and most helpful to the beauty
of the woman for whom they are arranged.
This would seem to be the last word in advice concerning
room arrangement, and perhaps it is; it certainly offers fruit-
ful themes for study and experiment. But the value of such
suggestions is, after all, not concrete and absolute, but in
directing attention to the room and the possibilities of its
furnishings. It is a good thing for people to consider their
rooms as capable of individual arrangement. It is a good
thing to try to make them more beautiful in themselves and
better adapted to the person who lives in them. It is good
to be told that rooms are capable of giving individual im-
pressions, and it is better yet to try to make them do so.
of Furniture
does not in the least alter the fact of its ill adaptation to
modern necessities.
It is obvious that the great rule in furniture buying is
excellence—excellence of materials, excellence of form, ex-
cellence of style, excellence in utility. The word, in fact,
sums up, in one way or another, about all the requirements
that can be demanded of modern furniture. ‘There are, of
course, various degrees of excellence in furniture, for a single
piece may be made of good materials, and well made, to boot,
and yet be thoroughly ill adapted to modern needs and quite
useless as a household convenience.
Another helpful rule in furniture buying is not to buy too
much. With persons of average means this advice may
seem superfluous, for even a moderate amount of new fur-
niture costs a considerable sum. But the happy housewife,
intent on making her home attractive, is very apt to buy more
than she needs, and ‘to buy pieces which may be quite un-
necessary. It is always well to leave something to a future
time. The table or chair that seems so charming to-day may
not be found to have any real utility to-morrow. It is not
the change in fashions that should be awaited, for such a
method would only result in confusion and unseemly mix-
ture; it is rather to avoid: filling one’s rooms and burdening
oneself with more than one actually needs.
Furniture has a utilitarian value that can not be ignored.
It must not only be excellent, but it must be useful. It is use
which determines its purpose perhaps more than any one
other single cause. Chairs must be comfortable; tables must
be suited to their uses; beds must be of sufficient length.
August, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
i19
Civic Betterment
Ways to Help :
JHE individual can do much; the organiza-
tion can do more. It is obvious why this is
so. Civic betterment, to be good and to
accomplish good, must be conducted on a
large scale. It is not the single house and
garden that gives evidence of public spirit
within that is to be commended, nor even the single block or
street; wholesome progress is wholesale progress, it is prog-
ress on a large scale, evident in many places and in many
ways, and giving definite character to a whole community.
The individual can not accomplish this general good, nor
should he seek to do so. Individual etfort is limited, in most
cases, to the confines of one’s own property. Outside of that
united effort is needed, and the organization comes into use
as the most effective means of reaching results.
This organization may have several forms. It may be
purely local in its scope, and confined to the residents of one
neighborhood, intent only upon the betterment of their own
locality. It may be more general, and consist of citizens of a
district or ward. It may be a section of a general club. It
may take the form of a general body, seeking members from
every source, and undertaking a certain amount of general
work. It may be an organization maintained for a specific
purpose, or it may look to broader results, leaving definite
betterment in definite ends to other organization.
Now, the striking feature of any organization is that the
body as a whole is stronger than the individual. The organ-
ization invariably carries more weight than the person. This
is due partly to the fact that an organization of indefinite
The Organization
duration can keep battling at a question longer than an indi-
vidual; and partly because the connections and ramifications
of an organization are so indefinite that the organization has
a prestige which the individual can not possibly have.
Hence the popularity of the organization as a means for
accomplishing civic betterment. It is not only a popular way,
but an effective way. It works continuously, for when the
individual’s interest flags a new worker is likely to be at
hand to carry on the struggle further. Moreover, organiza-
tions have, in themselves, a prestige and a power that is often
very great, and which helps amazingly toward the de-
sired end.
Membership in an organization is, therefore, a very ad-
mirable way to help on the cause of civic betterment. Mere
association, however, will not accomplish the best results.
Active work and leadership is needed from every source,
and the work to be done is, in a general sense, so large and
complicated that there is always something for every one to
do, some special interest for every one to become identified
with. This, of course, means more than the mere payment
of dues, beneficial as such a ceremony necessarily is. It means
the sinking of individuality, that the community may be bet-
tered. It means, or it should mean, the undertaking of tasks
that have reasonable likelihood of accomplishment. It means
work for the few and work for the many. It means labor
without recompense and for the benefit of others. It is noble,
unselfish work when unselfishly undertaken and applied. It
means doing something for one’s own city and town, and
that is a good and useful exercise of the rights of citizenship.
The Architect and Civic Betterment
Ir is a strange commentary on the work of the architect
that much of the effort directed toward civic betterment is to
cover up and improve his misdeeds. The business of the
architect is to build, and he must build well and in a beautiful
manner, or he falls far short of fulfilling the purposes of his
calling. Yet almost the first step toward civic betterment is
to cover up, as best it can be covered, the shortcomings and
the bad deeds of the architect. Let us, is the cry, plant trees,
that unsightly buildings be hid. Let us cover our buildings
with vines, that unsightly spots be blotted out. Let us, in
short, hide our buildings, that our cities be more beautiful.
The architect is at once the greatest offender against pub-
lic taste and the leader in civic beauty. Of all art laborers
his work alone has a quality of permanence. A statue of
stone may be readily broken, or one of bronze melted down;
the painter and wall decorator need a building for the dis-
play of their art, and the worker in the lesser arts needs a
structure in which they can be contained. But the architect
is sure of a certain permanency. It is true that in the rapid
march of events this permanency may be relative only; it
may not even survive the statue or the wall decoration with
which the building is adorned; but his labor, if not secure,
is concerned with permanent materials and is intended to
be permanent.
The architect, therefore, is our chief permanent art
worker. Does he fulfill the sacred trust this implies? Does
he always construct buildings that are good and beautiful,
and which have an art quality as well as that of permanence?
The questions need only be asked to be answered in the nega-
tive. The architects are doing better work than a few years
ago. The artistic standard of building is raising. [he
artistic value of structures is being more and more appreci-
ated as better examples are being produced. But the sum
total of all this effort falls far short of the effort put forth
in the golden days of architecture, when building was truly
an art, practised by artists for art’s sake as well as for utili-
tarian purposes.
This, however, does not diminish the architect’s impor-
tance in the work of civic betterment. That he has done bet-
ter things in other times is but an incentive to better work in
the future. And never was his work more clearly marked
out for him than to-day, when his business very obviously
is to build good and beautifully. No one other single factor
is sO important in the art of civic betterment. No other
laborer has so great opportunities nor so many. Each
building he does should be a distinct contribution to the gen-
eral good.
The architect has no need to be told he should lead in this
matter; the leadership is his by right. And this is not be-
cause he may know better than others what to do and how
to do it, but because the opportunity of doing something
definite is his by reason of his profession. The campaign for
civic betterment has advanced to such a point that the author
of a badly designed building at once proclaims his incom-
petence, while the creator of a good building is a public
benefactor. The architect has many noble opportunities, and
he has no better work to do than to meet them nobly. His
is a responsibility that can not possibly be avoided.
®
120
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS August, 1905
The Observer's Note-Book
Foreword
HE personal affairs of the Observer are of
interest only to himself. There are times he
wishes they were not so pressing and annoy-
ing, a trait, he is persuaded, of quite general
occurrence in the human race. One must,
indeed, consider oneself if one would live,
and it is impressively true that, if one does not consider one-
self no one else is apt to. The only persons in the world ab-
solutely certain of being cared for are criminals. There are,
of course, homes and retreats for the aged, for the sick poor,
for the mentally deficient, for certain groups of indigents;
but there are always more of these people than can be accom-
modated in the retreats provided by private and public char-
ity, and lodgment in them is often difficult. ‘The criminal,
however, is finely provided for, once he is caught, convicted
of crime, and placed behind the bars. The State may not
love him, it may not even wish to be burdened with him, but
it cares for him like a long lost brother, even if it subjects
him to the indignity of manual labor, and feeds him on coarse
food. The criminal, thus, has no cares; his food and lodg-
ing are provided. He has only to wait, and wait, and wait.
The Observer has no wish to paint the criminal’s lot as
happier than his own; he doesn’t believe, for a moment, that
there is any joy in such an existence. But the criminal does
not have to concern himself with food, clothing and housing,
and thus escapes some of the weightiest cares that character-
ize human existence. And herein the Observer’s lot differs
widely from the criminal, for all these living questions vitally
affect him. Just now his special battle with existence is to
read, digest and summarize the accumulations of a month’s
time on his library table. Piled high with books and papers
of all sorts, he wonders if the polished top will ever again be
visible. His task, to be plain, is to cull from this material,
which grows so rapidly and so quietly that it seems to be
self-perpetuating, such matters of interest as will be pertinent
to the scope of this magazine, and of interest and value to its
readers. His table is large and the accumulations upon it
are deep and wide-spreading. At the beginning it almost
seems as if the entire range of human knowledge will be cov-
ered. ‘This may, indeed, prove so in the end—but now to
the beginning.
Suburban Development
MAny years ago the Observer located himself in a remote
suburb of the metropolis. It was an ancient corner that
progress had not touched, and which had so long passed out
of existence as to have been all but forgotten. His nearest
neighbor grew cabbages by the thousand each year; great
fields stretched out on all sides of him; the pungent odors of
the fertilizer saturated the air in the early spring; the tinkle
of the seed planters smote it in due season; the nightly de-
parture of the market wagons was the most exciting event.
There were, of course, frogs in the distant ponds, mosquitoes
close at hand, flies to bother one at all times; but these were
mere details, quite insignificant beside the eternal quiet of the
place and its remoteness from the roar of Broadway.
There was joy in this remoteness because it seemed assured.
But the hand of progress has reached out, and now, in place
of corn fields and potato patches, the speculative builder has
seized upon the land, and row upon row of small houses,
deftly arranged for the accommodation of two families, has
usurped the farm lands, and “ development” and “ pro-
gress” are in full swing. The Observer is still able to look
from his windows upon the smiling country, but now he need
go but a short space upon the earth to find himself in a built-
up section, choked with building houses, awaiting only a
noisy and assertive populace to entirely destroy his quiet.
Of course he is prejudiced, and fails to understand the
value of these improvements. And yet, quite apart from his
personal bias, he thinks there is reason for his feelings in
this matter. Here was a vast, open tract of country, so
remote from the business parts of the metropolis that a
journey to it filled a considerable part of the day, morning
and evening. Surely here, if anywhere, there was need of a
real suburban development, with houses spaced in lawn and
garden, with streets shaded with graceful tyees, with all the
beauty and all the delight of real suburban living. The
vacant fields may have been a waste, the farms may have
been unprofitable, but surely there was no need to trans-
form them instantly into rows and rows of mimic flats, giy-
ing the people who came here no more air and freedom than
on the great East Side, save for the wider streets and the
absence of the trucks.
Yet such are the ways of men that no space that could, by
any possibility, have been built upon is being left without a
building. Solid row after solid row, with the horrible cor-
ner store, line streets where, but a few years since, were
yearly crops of potatoes and corn. No doubt, from the real
estate standpoint, perhaps from the owner’s standpoint, cer-
tainly from the standpoint of the speculative builder who
hopes to persuade a number of persons to buy their own
“home ”’ in this cruelly treated region, there has been “‘ im-
provement ’’; but it has not been improvement that is real,
that helps to better living, that makes a better city, that tends
to uplift and help.
And how strange those fields are now! For the last time
the plow was brought into use. Without ceremony, indeed,
such as might properly have accompanied this solemn rite,
but with bawling and profanity, and with no thought at all
of the significance of the work. The ground broken, then
come the wagons and trucks to remove the soil. If perchance
a bed of sand is found, the fortunate owner scoops out his
land, places it on an adjoining space, piles it mountain
high, and smacks his lips over the wealth he has extracted
from an ungrateful ground.
Just as little of the ground will be scraped out for the
houses as possible, for prices must be kept down, and there
is no money to use in digging deep, in laying strong founda-
tions, in preparing good cellars. ‘Then begins the building;
the foundations of stone or of brick. Up go the walls. All
sorts of workmen appear. There will be union men and
non-union; you can distinguish them by the time they begin
work in the morning, the union laborers righteously refusing
to begin until the hour set by their rules, the others, ap-
parently, willing to begin at any time. There will be blacks
August, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
and whites; there will be Jews and Italians;
there may be other races and other nationali-
ties; Im any event a great variety, a veritable
modern Eabel, with only the lack of the
towering heights to indicate the difference be-
tween our day and that of long ago.
Very amusing some of these folk are. Did
you ever see a Jewish plasterer, decked with a
bushy black beard, emerge from a plaster tank?
The sight is well worth going to see. The
bearded workmen are, perhaps, the most en-
tertaining, because so obviously out of place;
yet The Observer knows not why nor where-
for. There is an entertaining story in a recent
magazine of a gentleman with flame-colored
whiskers who has been annexed by a barbaric
tribe of North Africans and retained as a
source of joy to the populace. No one need,
of course, have such appendages; and if they
give others pleasure the happy owner should
not object. The Observer does not suppose
that any of the bearded laborers he wots of
regard themselves as properly objects of mirth,
but they strike a much-needed comic note in
all this serious uproar of activity.
Nothing whatever is permitted to interfere
with the carrying out of these operations unless
it be the rain. On rainy days a gentle peace
and quiet descends upon the land, only to be
broken the moment the weather clears. Cold
and frost do not stop the work, although the
building law has somewhat to say on this
topic. And old brick is used by the house
whole. Here again the building law comes
in; but some special guardian appears to stand
watch over these doings, and once the row is
up it is swiftly painted on the outside, that
the material of the outer walls may be hidden.
So the work of “improvement ”’ and “ de-
velopment ” goes merrily on. The real estate
men gleefully tabulate the number of houses
built each day, and stand ready to sell you a
“home ” if, perchance, you should be detained
in front of one so much as a moment. Of
course these people never want to retain this
valuable property. They are “ home makers,”
philanthropically intent on providing homes for
the multitudes. It is a merry jest. It is a
strange “developing” these once green fields
are being subjected to; it is a transformation,
complete, real, definite, certain. But very
clearly it is no betterment; and very certainly,
indeed, it is no way to make a good great
city good and beautiful.
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AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
August, 1905
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THE ARCHITECT AND HIS
CHARGES
a ike is a singular prejudice among
many people against employing an
architect in the designing and execution
of one’s own house. It is a prejudice that is
widespread, because it will be found in many
widely separated localities, and it is singular
because no one seems able to give a reason for
it, or to make clear why it exists and should
be recognized. For recognition of the preju-
dice means that the work shall be proceeded
with without the services of an architect.
Hence there are quite a few houses, and some
other larger buildings, built without the aid
of an architect and proudly exhibited by their
happy builders and owners as marvels of
economy and true triumphs in_ native
unadorned art.
And unadorned art they are likely to be,
although their purity may be questioned. It may
be well to look into this question somewhat
closely, because there is a prejudice against
architects in minds otherwise well balanced. It
assumes, at times, aspects of mania, as unrea-
sonable as that which our ancestors maintained
against helpless old women whom they desig-
nated as witches. It is possible the feeling
against architects may pass away in time, ex-
actly as the feeling against witches has wholly
disappeared; meanwhile, however, a number
of buildings thoroughly devoid of interest will
have been erected, and a number of very well
meaning gentlemen been given an unmerited
stigma of contempt.
The business of the architect is to have
charge of the process of building. He is in
business for this reason alone, and it is for
this that he puts in a charge for his services.
But the most genial of architects is not a
philanthropist in business for his health, help-
ing people to build houses out of the pure
goodness of his heart, contributing his quota
to the public welfare by the beauty of his art,
or promoting human life by the stability of
his structures. All of these things, no doubt,
the architect hopes to accomplish in due season,
and perhaps will do so; but, in most cases, he
must have some means of support; he must
draw upon his time and his talents for his live-
lihood; he must do something for bread and
butter. Accordingly he charges for his serv-
ices on a scale that has the support of his pro-
fessional brethren.
Is this unreasonable or improper? Does it
differ in any way from the methods followed
by any business men engaged in any occupa-
tion? One has but to scan the advertising
columns of any daily paper, or runs through
the advertising pages of any magazine, to learn
that this is precisely what every man of busi-
ness does, and that it is the same procedure
every purchaser meets with in any purchase.
There is no reason at all why the architect
should do his work for nothing. It is a simple
business proposition that he should be paid for
what he does.
One might go further than this and main-
tain, with equal propriety, that not only should
he be paid for what he does, but that he should
be well paid for it. If it is a business proposi-
tion that a laborer is worthy of his hire, it is
equally true—or should be—that good work
can not be had save at good prices. ‘This latter
proposition is a very ordinary and familiar one.
Good work fetches good prices, whether the
article purchased be a piece of furniture, a
whole house, a rare work of art, or services
of a personal nature which are not measured
directly in articles made or produced. If a
man commands a large salary in the com-
mercial world of to-day, it is not because the
visible products of his hands and arms are
valuable and costly, but because his services as
August, 1905
He
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AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY
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Bound Volumes of the Scientific American Building Monthly
Volume IX., January to June, 1890, price $2, has twelve colored plates,
fifty-six illustrations of houses with their plans, and fifteen pages of details
drawn to scale. The houses vary in price from $1,200 to $7,000.
Volume X., July to December, 1890, price $2, has twelve colored plates
beautifully executed, fifty half-tone engravings of houses in both city and
country, and there are fourteen plates of details. Several small churches
are also illustrated. The houses vary in price from $900 to $5,000 and
over.
Volume XI., January to June, 1891, price $2. The volume contains
twelve colored plates of great merit. ‘[here are sixty elevations of houses;
churches, stables, carriage houses, accompanied by several plans. One
house in this number cost only 2695.00; the other houses range in price
up to $10,000.
Volume XIIL., January to June, 1892, price $2. As in the case with
the other volumes, there are twelve colored plates; sixty-two houses
varying in price from $2,800 to $25,000, and a number of chapels and
churches, and also one schoolhouse. This is a particularly interesting
volume.
Volume XIV., July to December, 1892, price $2. The twelve colored
plates of this issue are very attractive. There are fifty-seven elevations of
houses, churches, and stables, each accompanied by a plan giving the sizes
of the rooms. Some city residences are illustrated. One of the houses
illustrated cost $1,000 and one $1,650, and the other houses vary in price.
Volume XV., January to June, 1893, price $2. Twelve colored plates
form an interesting feature of this volume. There are fifty illustrations
and plans of bouses, churches, stables, etc. The houses are of all prices,
ranging from those which are comparatively inexpensive to elaborate
residences costing several thousand dollars.
Volume XVL., July to December, 1893, price $2. There are fifty-two
engravings of houses, churches, etc.. and each is accompanied by a plan.
Some of the houses in this volume are as low in price as $600. The
thousand dollar workingman’s home at the World’s Fair is also included
in this volume.
Annual Bound Volumes, $3.50 Each, Postpaid.
XI, and XIV.
We can supply the following volumes :
1893 contains Volumes XV. and XVI.
1897 contains Volumes XXIII. and XXIV.
Volume XVII., January to June, 1894, price $2. In addition to the
twelve colored plates, there are sixty views of attractive houses from
$2,000 up.
Volume XIX., January to June, 1895, price $2. It has the six highly
artistic covers bound in. ‘There are sixty-six engravings of houses of all
prices, from $2,000 up. One of the most attractive volumes in the series,
Two churches are also included in the volume.
Volume XX., July to December, 189§ price $2. It contains six colored
covers, seventy photographic illustrations of exceedingly fine houses, a
couple of churches, stable and a windmill.
Volume XXI., January to June, inclusive, 1896, price $2. There ure
six colored covers, ninety-two engravings made from photographs of
houses taken specially forthe purpose. The illustrations include churches,
libraries and other buildings.
Volume XXII., July to December, 1896, price $2. It includes six
artistic covers showing the actual appearance of the houses as regards
color. There are also one hundred and one exterior and interior views of
modern houses, from $1,950 up. City houses, churches, mausoleums,
etc., are also included.
Volume XXIII, January to June, 1897, price $2. In addition to the
six colored plates there are one hundred and seven interior and exterior
views of the latest types of houses by prominent architects. The miscel-
laneous matter includes a village hall, several libraries, a gate lodge,
schools, hospital, etc.
Volume XXIV., July to December, 1897, price $2. It includes six
attractive colored plates. There are one handred and four photographic
illustrations of houses, including many interiors. A considerable number
of public buildings are also illustrated.
Volume XXVI., July to December, 1898, price $2. Nearly a hundred
large scale illustrations of the exteriors and interiors of modern houses will
be found in this volume. There are also clubhouses, gate lodges, etc.
There are many examples of foreign architecture scattered through the
book, and sculpture is not neglected.
1890 contains Volumes IX. and X.
1895 contains Volumes XIX. and XX.
Volume XXX., July to December, 1900, price $2. The colored plates
are particularly fine, and the half-tone illustrations of houses and interiors
are very artistic. The literary contents and the drawings of details add to
the value of this volume.
Volume XXXII., July to December, 1901, price $2. Six covers in tint
and more than two hundred illustrations of houses, interiors, details, gar-
dens. etc. The editorial discussions, notes, comments, departments, and
““ Talks with Architects’? cover a wide range of topics and make this
volume of permanent interest and value.
Volume XXXIII., January to June, 1902, price $2. Six covers in tint and
more than two hundred illustrations with plans form the illustrative features
of this volume. Six well-known architects contribute timely ‘* Talks”? on
important architectural problems of the day. The editorial and literary
departments are up to the highest standard of usefulness and interest.
Volume XXXVIL., July to December, 1903, price $2. Six tinted covers
and two hundred and seventy-two illustrations, many of unusual size.
Special attention has been given in this volume to large American estates.
‘The variety of contents continues to make the BUILDING MONTHLY the
most valuable periodical of its kind.
Volume XXXVII., January to June, 1904, price $2. Six tinted covers
and three hundred and eleven illustrations, the most richly illustrated
volume of the series. Many notable houses are illustrated and described,
and every effort has been made to make this volume of special value to
every one interested in the building of the home and its adornment.
Volume XXXVIII., July to December, 1904, price $2. Six tinted
covers, two hundred and seventy-two illustrations made from original
photographs taken especially for the BUILDING MONTHLY.
Volume XXXIX., January to June, 1905, price $2. Six covers in tint
and three hundred and eight illustrations. A rich conspectus of interesting
notable houses. Many fine estates are treated with ample fulness. The
discussions of current architectural themes are of permanent value and of
unusual interest.
We also have architectural books for sale.
we mail free to any address,
Send for a catalogue, which
1891 contains Volumes XI. and XII. 1892 contains Volumes
1896 contains Volumes XXI. and XXII.
1904 contains Volumes XXXVII. and XXXVIII
MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS . .. .. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY
124 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905
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services are worth exactly what is paid him—
and more. It is never less; for the man who
is worth less than he is receiving, either in the
form of regular salary or in payment for a
specific work, will not continue to receive an
advanced honorarium after his lessening re-
sources have been made clear.
But the point, however, is not worth argu-
ing. It will be admitted on all hands that if
an architect is employed he must be paid; and
it will doubtless be admitted also that if paid
he should be paid on the general scale of
remuneration that prevails in his profession.
Whether reasonable or unreasonable, this scale
has the surpassing merit of being known ia
advance, and its total amount can readily be
calculated.
This happy process does rot belong to every
profession. One may indeed be aware how
much one’s physician will charge for a con-
sultation in his own office ; one may know what
he will charge for a visit to one’s own home;
but one never knows what one’s lawyer will
charge, and one is invariably and fortunately
ignorant of the charge that will be put in by
one’s own personal undertaker. ‘The latter
very necessary and useful person may be
omitted from the discussion; but the charges
of a lawyer are often of a nature to produce
excruciating pain; they may cause unpleasant
language; they will leave unpleasant memories ;
they may be matters of permanent regret; but
also, if you please, so thoroughly professional
as to be thoroughly legal and proper and quite
beyond dispute.
In the matter of charges the architect shines
with the brilliancy of a noonday sun com-
pared with the monetary operations of the
lawyer. No one ever knows—or rarely knows
—what the lawyer is going to charge until
the work has been done and the bill rendered,
when it must be paid or payment will be en-
forced, and by a process that costs the lawyer
very little and which will simply add to what
the client must pay in the end. The architect
charges a percentage on the amount spent.
The money to be spent is known; the rate of
the percentage is also known; the financial
result may be obtained by one of the simplest
of mathematical calculations.
But, it will no doubt be exclaimed, there are
architects’ bills which have included matters
in dispute, and about which the largest pos-
sible rows have been raised. This is doubtless
true, but the fault in many of these cases, per-
haps in the most of them, lies with the client
and not with the architect. The architect
agrees to do such and such work for so much
money. The client, perhaps unconsciously,
perhaps because he can not help himself, per-
haps because his own wishes and inclinations
broaden and increase as the work goes on, de-
mands more of his architect than the latter was
bound to contribute for the set percentage.
The extra work has involved extra cost in
materials; the architect thus expects extra
compensation. Could anything be clearer or
more reasonable? Yet many a serious break
between architect and client has occurred on
this very point, to the great rending of mutual
self-respect, and the creation of other differ-
ences of which neither of the high contracting
parties have much to say.
The percentages charged by architects are
determined by the chief professional body in
the country in which the architect lives and
works. In the United States this is the
American Institute of Architects; in England
it is the Royal Institute of British Architects ;
in every other country in which there is con-
siderable architectural activity there is like-
wise a general central body which is recognized
as the head of the architectural organizations,
and which determines rates and charges for
its own citizens. The usage that pertains to
August, 1905 AMER VEAN SO VMES A NDP IGA DENS 125
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No. 6 “UNION” Combination Saw
Details of Building |
Construction
A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introductory text
By CLARENCE A. MARTIN
Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University
This book is 10 by 12% inches in size, and
substantially bound in cloth, PRICE, 2 A)
FOR SALE BY
MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, N. Y. City
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Manufacturer of the highest grade of
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AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDERS
PORTABLE BUILDINGS
have a peculiar value because there is no real estate
attached to them. ‘They can be sold and transferred
elsewhere with the greatest of ease. We manufacture
all kinds of portable buildings, such as
Automobile Houses
Camping Houses, Complete Cottages, Temporary
Offices, etc., with furniture and equipment for all;
Poultry Houses, fitted up with nests, roosts, etc. ;
Workshops, with all necessary tools and implements.
Complete Cottage 12x24, can be carried on double team
truck, or building 12x12 on a single spring wagon. Price,
$90 for this 10x12 Automobile House; with lor
Only the supports, with the right to construct
sections, need be purchased from us, and latter may
be built where fence is to be used, saving cost of
transportation. Price for -supports, including
count in ten pair lots; 10 per cent. discount in 25 pair
Write for free illustrated descriptive catalogue.
The Lathrop Manufacturing Company
included, $100; made in metal! or wood.
The Lathrop Portable Fence
stands against wind storms without posts. Strong,
durable, practical. With this fence one can change
the size and shape of yards, gardens or inclosures at
pleasure, allowing repairs, plowing and renovating to
be easily done.
$1.00 per pair; 5 per cent. dis-
Rochester, New York, U. S. A.
TO FFEE If its MACKINTOSH’S TOFFEE, it is the delicious old English candy that is
faking America by storm. If it isn’t Mackintosh’s, you don’t want it unless you
want an imitation
MACKINTOSH’S TOFFEE
THE ORIGINAL OLD ENGLISH CANDY
sold in ten-cent cartons, my name and face on every package.
No, not a chewing candy. You break off a small bit and Jet it dissolve in the mouth.
If your dealer smiles and says he hasn’t got Mackintosh’s, but has an imitation, if you’re genuine you
will, of course, try another dealer. I am always ready to send my Toffee by mail. Send ten cents for
the first size package or $1.60 for a large four-pound family tin, but try your dealer first.
JOHN MACKINTOSH,
Dept. 198, 78 Hudson St., New York
August, 1905
America is sufficient for the present discussion.
The American Institute of Architects has
adopted a “ Schedule of minimum charges and
professional practice of architects, as usual and
proper.” It will be worth while to quote this
document as illustrating the professional view
of the case as understood in America.
AMERICAN SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM CHARGES
For full professional services (including
supervision) five per cent. upon the cost of
the work.
In case of the abandonment or suspension of
the work, the charge for partial service is as
follows: Preliminary studies, as per table at
the foot of schedule; preliminary studies, gen-
eral drawings and specifications, 2% per cent. ;
preliminary studies, general drawings, specifi-
cations and details, 3'% per cent.
For works that cost less than $10,000, or
for monumental and decorative work, and de-
signs for furniture, a special rate in excess of
the above.
For alterations and additions, an additional
charge to be made, and also an additional
charge to be made for surveys and measure-
ments incident thereto.
An additional charge to be made for altera-
tions and additions in contracts and plazs,
which will be valued in proportion to the
additional time and services employed.
Necessary traveling expenses to be paid by
the client.
Time spent by the architect in visiting for
professional consultation, and in the accom-
panying travel, whether by day or night, will
be charged for, whether or not any commission,
either for office work or supervising work, is
given.
The architect’s payments are successively
due as his work is completed, in the order of
the above classifications.
Until an actual estimate is received, the
charges are based on the proposed cost of the
works, and the payments are received as install-
ments of the entire fee, which is based upon
the actual cost.
The architect bases his professional charge
upon the entire cost, to the owner of the
building, when completed, including all the
fixtures necessary to render it fit for occupa-
tion, and is entitled to extra compensation for
furniture or other articles designed or pur-
chased by the architect.
If any material or work used in the con-
struction of the building be already upon the
ground, or come into the possession of the
owner without expense to him, the value of
said material or work is to be added to the
sum actually expended upon the building be-
fore the architect’s commission is computed.
The supervision or superintendence of an
architect (as distinguished from the continuous
personal superintendence which may be secured
by the employment of a clerk of the) works)
means such inspection by the architect;~or his
deputy, of a building or other work in process
of erection, completion or alteration as he finds
necessary to ascertain whether it is being
executed in conformity with his desiens and
specifications or directions, and to enable him
to decide when the successive installments or
payments provided for in the contract or agree-
ment are due or payable. He is to determine
in constructive emergencies, to order necessary
changes, and to define the true intent and
meaning of the drawings and_ specifications,
and he has authority to stop the progress of
the work and order its removal when not in
accordance with them.
On buildings where it is deemed necessary
to employ a clerk of the works, the remunera-
tion of said clerk is to be paid by the owner
or owners, in addition to any commission or
fees due the architect. The selection or dis-
August, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
missal of the clerk of the works is to be subject
to the approval of the architect.
Consultation fees for professional advice are
to be paid in proportion to the importance of
the questions involved, at the discretion of the
architect.
None of the charges above enumerated cover
professional or legal services connected with
negotiations for site, disputed party walls,
right of light, measurement of work, or sery-
ices incidental to arrangements consequent
upon the failure of contractors during the per-
formance of the work. When such services
become necessary, they shall be charged for
according to the time and trouble involved.
Drawings and specifications, as instruments
of service, are the property of the architect.
The table of charges for preliminary studies,
referred to in the second paragraph from the
beginning, specifies that the minimum charge
shall be $50; that for works costing from
$5,000 to $50,000 the charge shall be one per
cent. of the proposed cost; and that for higher
amounts the charges shall be a sum equal to
two ard a half times the square root of the
lowest cost. Thus for work costing from
$50,000 and under $75,000 the charge shall
be $559; between $1,000,000 and $1,250,000,
$2,500; between $4,000,000 and $5,000,000,
$5,000, and so on.
The schedule of professional practice as to
the charges of architects adopted by the Royal
Institute of British Architects, partly because
it has been deliberately made longer, and partly
because it includes some topics which are
omitted in the American schedule. But it will
be interesting to compare the two, and its re-
production will be a further elucidation of the
subject.
ENGLISH SCHEDULE OF CHARGES,
1. The usual remuneration for an archi-
tect’s services, except as hereinafter mentioned,
is a commission of five per cent. on the total
cost of works executed under his directions.
Such total cost is to be valued as though ex-
ecuted by a builder with new materials. “This
commission is for the necessary preliminary
conferences and sketches, approximate esti-
mate when required (such, for instance, as
may be obtained by cubing out the contents),
the necessary general and detailed drawings
and specifications, one set of tracings, duplicate
specification, general superintendence of works,
and examining ard passing the accounts, ex-
clusive of measuring and making out extras
and omissions.
2. This commission does not include the
payment for services rendered in connection
with negotiations relating to the site or
premises, or in supplying drawings to ground
or other landlords, or in surveying the site or
premises and taking levels, making surveys and
plans of buildings to be altered, making ar-
rangements in respect of party walls and rights
of light, or for drawings for and correspond-
ence with local and other authorities, or for
services consequent on the failure of builders
to carry out the works, or for services in con-
rection with litigation or arbitration, or in the
measurement and valuation of extras and
omissions. For such services additional
charges proportionate to the trouble involved
and time spent are made. ‘The clerk of the
works should be appointed by the architect,
his salary being paid by the client.
3. In all works of less cost than £1,000, and
in works requiring designs for furniture and
fittings of buildings, or for their decoration
with pairting, mosaics, sculpture, stained glass,
or other like works, and in cases of alterations
and additions to buildings, five per cent is not
remunerative, and the architect’s charge is
regulated by special circumstances and con-
ditions.
(Continued in September Number)
BOOKS
Z
|
ror tHe ARCHITEGT
BUILDER ano STUDENT
1905 Edition of the Architects’ D‘rectory and
Specification Index.
Containing a list of the Architects, ‘also Land-
scape and Naval Architects in the United States
and Canada; _ List of Architectural Societies;
Specification Index of Manufacturers of and
Dealers in Building Materials. Handsomely
bound in cloth. Price, postpaid.........+-s00. $2.00
American Renaissance.
A Review of Domestic Architecture, illustrated
by ninety-six half-tone plates. By Joy Wheeler
Dow, Architect. .Handsomely bound in cloth.
JOB ECH Elio co apadoucddac oD bNdD DoDDEDdAapNONDDO GORE $4.00
Building Construction and Superintendence.
aA F. E. Kidder, C.E., Ph.D., Architect. Part I—
asons’ Work. Sixth edition, 421 pages, 250 illus-
trations. Part II—Carpenters’ Work, 4th edition,
544 pages, 524 illustrations. It has been the aim of
theauthor,in preparing these works, to furnisha
series of books that shall be of practical value to
all who have to do with building operations, and
especially to architects, draughtsmen and build-
ers. Each volume is independent and they are
sold separately. The volumes are large 8vos.
bound in cloth. Price, each $4.00
Practical Building Construction.
By John Parnell Allen. Designed also asa book
of reference for persons engaged in building.
Fourth edition, revised and enlarged, containing
over 1,000 illustrations. Cloth. Price (postage
DHICEMES), MSE scr me liejeleiedersecielelsieieiessieleieise sie +.cis sie $3.00
The Drainage of Town and Country Houses.
By G. A. T. Middleton, A. R.I. B.A. A text-book
for the use of architects and others, illustrated
by 87 diagrams and six plates showing the drain-
age ofa country house, a terrace,a school and a
town residence,and the bacterial disposal works
of a country mansion, and the septic tank sys-
tem, with a chapter on sewage disposal works on
asmall scale. One 8vo. Cloth. Price, net... $2.00
Building Construction and Drawing.
Fifth edition, revised and greatly enlarged. A
text-book on the principle and practice of con-
struction. Specially adapted for students in
science and technical schools. First stage, or
elementary course. By Chas.F. Mitchell. 360 pp.
of text, with nearly 950 illustrations. Crown 8vo.
Clothe TBLICe acetic (tsisi-leissieielejelesisissieisieyeisie $1.50
Building Construction.
Advanced and honors courses. Third edition,
thoroughly revised and greatly enlarged. By
Charles F. Mitchell. Containing 660 pp. of text,
with 570 illustrations, many being full-page or
double-plates of examples, with constructional
details specially drawn for this edition. C:own
8v0O. Cloth. PYiCe........cccerseeeecscceseceee: $2.50
MUNN & CO., Publishers
Scientific American
361 BROADWAY,
Brickwork and Masonry.
By Chas. F. Mitchell. A practical text-book
for students and others engaged in the desig
and execution of structures in_ brick and
stone. With nearly
Price une tears eieccscenneaee eect:
Architectural Perspective for Beginners.
Fourth edition, revised. By F. A. Wright, Archi-
tect. Containing eleven large plates and full
descriptive letter-press. One large quarto, hand-
gomely boundin cloth. Price.............. -. $3.00
Practical Lessons in Architectural Drawing.
Suited to the wants of architectural students,
carpenters, builders, and all desirous of acquir-
ing a thorough knowledge of_ architectural
drawing and construction. By Wm. Lb. Tuthill,
A. M., Architect. One oblong, 8vo. volume.
COP IOC oso noddananeonanoo dace bsaodnaAcoad one $2.50
Draughtsman’s Manual; or, How I Can Learn
Architecture.
By F. T. Camp. Containing hints to enquirers
and directionsin draughtsmanship. New revised
gue enlarged edition. One small volume. Cloth.
TICE | seis e meltislelsieielslclelels\eisiclesiastceciceiicestiee rc secre -50
/
Vignola.
Second American Edition. The five orders of
Architecture, to which are added the Greek
orders, edited and translated by Arthur Lyman
Tuckerman. The volume contains 84 plates,
with descriptive text in English, and will afford
the student a ready reference to the details
of the Greek and Roman orders. One quarto
volume. Cloth. Price.............-....0.- 22+ $0.00
Bungalows and Country Residences.
A series of designs and examples of executed
work by_R. A. Briggs, Architect, F. R. I. B. A.
Fifth edition, revised and enlarged, containing
47 photo-lithographie and ink-photo plates, many
of which are new in this edition. One quarto.
COlkara nly Leduc rovdaoo ses uddeacdcasouBbonsoobooudace $5.00
Houses for the Country.
A series of designs and examples of executed
works, with plans of each. Illustrated on 48
plates by R. A. Briggs, Architect. One quarto
volume. Cloth. Price........c.ccscccececceeeee $5.00
‘* Colonial Houses.’’
For modern homes. A collection of desigus of
houses with Colonial (Georgian) details, but
arranged with modern comforts, and with the
completeness of the 20th century. Written and
illustrated by E.S. Chil, Architect.
folio. Paper. Price...
NEW YORK
Why Not Utilize the Waste Heat for the Drying of the Clothes >
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Chicago Clothes Dryer Works
340-342 Wabash Ave., Chicago
134-136 W. 24th St., New York City
128 AMERICAN’ HOMES AND GARDE August, 1905
Something New!
A washable and per- Plain colors in oil admi-
fectly sanitary wallcover- rably adapted to ceiling
ing. Cloth foundation fin- and fresco work. Hides
ished in oil cracks and
colors. Best Prleaese te cmt
wall cover- stains.
ing forkitch- aq Water-
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MPpS
Wap atte meat like - paper,
vsesobic GLOTHWaLLCOVERING. 22%, >=
surface is pensive.
desired. Prints, plain col- For sale by the Dry
ors and tiles in dull, var- Goods Trade and Oil
nished and glazed effects. Cloth Dealers.
Standard Table Oil Cloth Co.,
320 Broadway, New York City.
TWO BEST SSA IN THE WORLD
METAL LATH & as rs NILES, Qua.
GRILLES 9 “biREctT [FROM Fi FACTORY” MANTELS
ea, | Sh TILES
AACS
= of Every Description for Walls, Floors, Etc.
$13.25 95 buys this solid oak Mantel, 80 in. high, 54 or 60 in. wide
28x16 Mirror. Heavy columns and elaborate capitals.
Tile facing and hearth. Club house grate, $10.00,
No. 225—48 x 12 inches, $3. 60. Sr are value, $7.00 Write for catalog of Mantels, Grates, Tiles for floors
No. 230—48x14 inches, with Curtain Pole, $4.50. and baths, Slate Laundry Tubs, Grilles, etc. It is free.
Retail value, £9.00 Or send 10 cents to pay postage on our Art Mantel Cat-
Others from $2.50 up. Largest assortment. Division alog. Mantel Outfits from $12 to $200. y
Screens and special Grilles to order W. F. OSTENDORF, 2417 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa.
CORTRIGHT
The appearance of many a building has
been spoiled by specifying the wrong kind
of roofing. Don't forget CORTRIGHT. i
Cortright Metal Roofing Co.
Philadelphia and Chicago
FIFTY SUGGESTIONS FOR
THE HOUSE
5. Oijl Paints for Walls
THE best wearing and appearing wall finish
is by all means that obtained with oil paints.
Nothing but white lead should be used for the
body of the first two or three coats, tinted to
approach the desired color, and for these coats
nothing but linseed oil should be used as the
carrier, with a very small proportion of tur-
pentine used as a drier. If the walls are well
filled, three coats should be sufficient for the
groundwork. ‘The last coat should contain
nothing but turpentine and the color desired,
and this coat should be applied while the last
coat is still “tacky,” and should be evenly
stippled with a stippling-brush as fast as it is
applied. When dry, it will be absolutely flat
and present a beautiful velvet finish. It can
be easily washed with a damp rag at any time
that dirt or dust should accumulate——Frank
FE. Kidder.
6. Library Walls
In any room intended for reading and study
walls covered with blossoms or intricate, over-
accentuated designs are distracting and un-
satisfactory. Books are in themselves a decora-
tion. The colors of their bindings—reds,
greens, blues and gold—broken by the tawny
hue of old calf, have richness of tone. In those
libraries in which the shelves do not run to the
ceiling, a plain background above the shelves
is a necessity primarily on account of the books,
but also as a background for the busts, casts
or pictures.—Lillie Hamilton French.
7. An Apartment Sideboard
THE limited space in the modern apartment
necessitates furniture that takes as little room
as possible. Ihe commercial sideboard is
often a very dreary affair, a large piece of fur-
niture, built up with much polish and a badly
framed mirror for its chief adornment. A
“home-made” sideboard or row of shelves is
often better adapted to apartment house use
than the ready-made affair of the commercial
stores. Five or six shelves, made by a car-
penter in the style of an old-fashioned cup-
board or dresser are often much more decora-
tive. The shelves can be painted or stained
and curtained with the same material—demi
denim or cretonne, which is used for the win-
dow drapery. A convenient design allows
for three wide shelves below and four nar-
rower ones above.
8. Cooling the House
For the purpose of cooling the air of a
single room small electric fans are in very
general use. These serve to propel the air
through the room at a high rate of speed, and
thus produce a cooling effect through the
greater evaporation from the surface of the
body. The air of an entire house may be
cooled by passing it through a chamber filled
with ice, the air being propelled throughout
the different parts of the house by means of a
large fan or blower. This method is, how-
ever, very expensive, as it requires large quan-
tities of ice or the employment of an ice ma-
chine of one or more tons daily capacity, ac-
cording to the size of the house to be cooled
and the initial temperature of the outside air.
Passing the incoming air through a large
screen over which a spray of ice water is fall-
ing will also serve to cool the air. Liquid air
has been employed as a means of cooling the
air of theaters in summer, and has proved
satisfactory, although this is also expensive.—
Dr. D. H. Burgey.
August, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 129
WATER NOTES
Rain: Water Storage and Purification
ee especially when gathered
in the country, is fairly clean, points
out a recent writer, and if filtered and
stored in suitable receptacles is a great acquisi-
tion, more particularly for washing purposes.
It is best, whenever possible, to collect and
store the rain-water as near the roof as prac-
ticable, thus saving expensive pumping ma-
chines and underground drains and tanks. It
is needless to say that a large overflow is es-
sential to prevent flooding in time of heavy
storms.
There are two means generally adopted for
removing many of the impurities, such as soot
and roof washings, from rain-water. The
separator, which allowed the first portion of
the water to run to waste and then by a rock-
ing motion passed the remainder to the stor-
age tanks, is effective, but, of course, there is
waste of water, which in a dry season was a
consideration; while a filter composed of
broken bricks, ballast and sand is most useful,
but needed occasional cleaning. Some favor
a small settling chamber divided from the filter
by a brick wall built with half a dozen courses,
dry at the bottom, giving upward filtration,
thus avoiding to a great extent choking of the
upper surface of the filter, as in the case of
downward filtration. All the tanks need an
overflow, but this should not be connected to
the soil drains.
Destroying Algae in Water Supplies
HE importance of maintaining all water
ar supplies at the highest degree of purity
and wholesomeness is too well recog-
nized to require discussion. The United States
Department of Agriculture has recently pub-
lished a bulletin dealing with this problem of
purifying water, and Messrs. G. T. Moore
and Karl F. Kellerman, in the summary of
their pamphlet, declare that the disagreeable
odors and tastes so often present in drinking
water are due almost exclusively to alge, al-
though the economic importance of studying
these plants has not been recognized until re-
cent years. ‘These algal forms are widely dis-
tributed, and reservoirs are often rendered
unfit for use by their presence. The methods
now known for preventing the objectionable
odors and tastes have been found either too
costly or ineffectual. A new, cheap, harmless
and effective method was therefore required to
rid reservoirs of the pests, and it has been
found that copper sulphate in a dilution so
weak as to be colorless, tasteless and harmless
to man is sufficiently toxic to the alge to de-
stroy or prevent their appearance. “The mode
of application makes this method applicable to
reservoirs of all kinds, pleasure ponds and
lakes, fish ponds, oyster beds, watercress beds,
etc. It is also probable that the method can
be used for destroying mosquito larve. At
ordinary temperatures one part of copper sul-
phate to 100,000 parts of water destroys ty-
phoid and cholera germs in about three to four
hours. “The ease with which the sulphate can
then be eliminated from the water seems to
offer a practical method of sterilizing large
bodies of water. Definite knowledge in re-
gard to what organisms are present, the con-
stitution of the water, its temperature, and
other important facts are necessary before it
is possible to determine the proper amount of
copper sulphate to be added. A microscopical
examination thus becomes as important as a
bacteriological or chemical analysis. No rule
for determining the amount of copper sulphate
to be added can be given. Each body of water
must be treated in the light of its special
conditions.
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UR remarkable recent inventions enable us
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Locations for Builders
Throughout the Southwest, especialiy
in Oklahoma and Indian Territories, Ar-
kansas and Texas, along the line of the
numerous towns and small cities have
sprung up along the many new lines of
the System that have recently been con-
structed, and openings for builders, con-
tractors, architects and manufacturers in
many lines exist.
Send for a copy of handbook entitled
“ Opportunities.”
WM. Schulter, traustriat Commissioner
Frisco Building St. Louis, Tito.
August, 1905 AUNDEVROGAGN | EO wre S' AN DE (GARD ENS 131
stimulated in his work, and will return to these
pages again and again for inspiring suggestion.
The book is, in short, one of singular value.
It is markedly devoid of fads and fancies,
unless it be the author’s frank confession of his
little sympathy with the elaborate arrange-
ments of Le Notre and other older designers.
His book is not even a plea for the “ formal ”
garden, a tendency toward which, in America,
is becoming almost too pronounced, but dis-
cusses the arrangement and effect of the gar-
den in a broad, general way. It is exactly the
kind of book every garden designer needs. It
is a book of garden arrangement and planning.
Of the growing of plants and trees, of the
shrubs to use, of the bulbs to plant, of the
technical processes of garden making it has
nothing to do. The growing knowledge is
presupposed, and rightly; for in garden mak-
ing the arrangement of the garden, the utiliza-
tion of the site, the direction, form, length and -
purpose of the paths, the location of the lawns,
the utilization of the terrace, the things which
help in producing the effect—these are matters
of supreme importance, which might well be
treated in a larger volume than the present
one, but which are here admirably condensed
and summarized.
Mr. Thonger argues eloquently for the in-
dividual garden, for the garden designed for
itself, for the design suited to one spot and
to no other. Each garden, he writes, must be
treated, as regards its laying out, simply and
solely on its own merits and possibilities. It
matters not, he adds, whether we are dealing
with a humble quarter acre attached to the
modern villa, or have in hand the broad sur-
roundings of the country mansion. ‘There is
no rule-of-thumb for either; each is worthy
of just as much love and care as might be
bestowed were it the only garden in the world.
And he is equally sound in discussing gen-
eral principles, which, pure theory as they may
seem to be, are, after all, the very funda-
mentals on which garden design and garden
success—for garden success rests on garden
design—depends. Whatever our models, he
writes, our work is bound to prove unsatis-
factory unless beneath the outer veneer which
proclaims its origin there is observable a re-
spect for nature’s teaching and a due regard
for the dictates of artistic feeling and ordinary
good taste.
The eleven chapters into which the book is
divided well explain its scope. An introduc-
tory chapter on gardens and garden designers
is a rapid historical sketch of garden design.
It is followed by a brief and exceedingly valu-
able discussion of general principles. “The se-
lection of a site, walks and lawns, formal and
landscape planting, kitchen garden and
orchard, the treatment of water, hardy
herbaceous perennials, plants for alpine,
aquatic and bog gardens, flowering trees and
shrubs, and hardy climbers form the other
topics treated in the handbook. It is a book
crammed with suggestive and practical sug-
gestion, and well deserves more than one
reading.
A General Building Code
BuILpDING Cope RECOMMENDED BY THE
NATIONAL Boarp oF FIRE UNDER-
WRITERS. New York, 1905. Pp. 263.
That there is a widespread feeling that
definite, positive and efficient steps be taken
against the gigantic waste of property through
loss by fire and loss of life due to the same
cause has been apparent for some time. Many
parts of the United States have been visited
by severe fires in the last few years, and the
loss, both of property and of life, has been
so great that the need of remedial measures
is now evident on all hands. The lesson has
been a costly one, and has been brought home
ESTABLISHED 1626
Meywvrod-
TRADE MARK
FACSIMILE OF OUR TAG
Lei nit EM EL OLENA EDI “ Ci OW hi
AS YOUR DEALER to show you our goods bearing the little white tag as shown at top
of this announcement.
If he does not carry our line, do not accept a substitute for our famous Reed and Rattan
Furniture, but write to our nearest store, mention his name, and you will be informed how to
obtain our furniture.
are well worth having. Free, from any of our stores.
Our Beautiful Catalogues Catalogue H shows and describes many of our ornate and
attractive designs in Reed and Rattan Furniture — for every purpose — and prices.
Catalogue 8 pertains to the well-known Heywood Wakefield lines of children’s go-carts and
baby carriages, which we also make, and are without an equal.
HEYWOOD BROTHERS AND WAKEFIELD COMPANY
Boston, Bu‘falo, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland, Ore.
J.C. PLIMPTON & CO., Agents, London and Liverpool, England
COLONIAL HOUSES
should be trimmed with hardware harmonizing with that deservedly popular style of architecture.
We make in
SARGENT’S ARTISTIC HARDWARE
many Colonial designs, all strictly correct in every detail of size, shape and proportions, and particu-
larly appropriate. We have Knobs, Key Plates, Sash Lifts and various other articles for use where-
ever hardware is required in a modern building—all well-made, durable goods. Sargent’s Book of
Designs, sent free on request, is interesting and will help you to select hardware for your home.
SARGENT & COMPANY, ahamaers Hardvare 156 Leonard Street, New York
ne AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
August, 1905
us
7)
This Label is
on Genuine
Pantasote
Furniture
Accept no
Substitute
Insist upon
Pantasote
"ig a PENAL OFFEy
sy
>
Leather
IS BEST FOR UPHOLSTERY
YOU CAN’T TELL THE DIFFERENCE
between Pantasote Leather and real Icather. Pantasote Leather can be used for every
purpose for which real leather isadapted. Pantasote is durable, bright, odorless, easily cleaned,
does not crack, is fireproof, waterproof, and wears and looks like leather in every respect.
PANTASOTE Costs One-Third as much as Real Leather
The great demand for Pantasote has led to the substitution of many inferior imitations.
To protect you against fraud accept no furniture as covered with Pantasote from your dealer or
upholsterer unless it bears our trade-mark label as shown above. Do not accept his ‘‘Just as
good’’ theory; insist upon Pantasote.
See that the word ‘““PANTASOTE”’ is embossed on selvage edge of all piece goods.
Pantasote was awarded the Grand Prize and two Gold Medals at St. Louis.
FOR TRIAL PURPOSES we have for sale four sizes of chair seats, which give you
the amount of upholstery material you want, making the cost very small for new seats for
chairs you may have that need reupholstering. We will send, on receipt of price and name
of upholsterer, chair seat size 18 x 18 inch, 25c.3; 25 x 25 inch, 50c.; 27 x 27 inch, 7oc.;
36 x 36 inch, $1.00.
Upon application, will send our catalogue showing
material in the different colors in which it is made.
THE PANTASOTE COMPANY
Dept. Six, 11 Broadway, New York
CARPENTERS
in these days of close competition need the best
possible equipment, and this they can have in
Barnes’
Hand ¢& Foot Power Machinery
UR new Foot and Hand Power Circular Saw
No. 4—the strongest, most powerful, and in
every way the best machine of its kind ever made.
For ripping, cross cutting, boring and grooving.
SEND FOR OUR NEW CATALOGUE
W. F. & JOHN BARNES CO. *stater” ROCKFORD, ILL.
time and time again. The point has been
reached when further object lessons will not
be required. ‘The time has surely come when
efficient remedies must be applied and wili be
cordially welcomed.
There are obviously but two ways in which
fire losses, both of life and property, can ve
remedied. One is so completely to arouse pub-
lic opinion as to the necessity of greater care
in construction and of greater care in the
handling of fires within and without the build-
ing; the other is to provide remedies by law,
through the enactment of a building law which
shall provide for proper construction, and
which will make buildings of all kinds better
adapted to resist fires of any sort.
It is apparent that the first of these remedies
will fail in the future, as it has failed in the
past, in accomplishing anything like the work
desired. The very diversity of our popula-
tion, the diversity of our building materials,
the diversity of the conditions under which
buildings are erected and used, render any
educational campaign doomed to failure at
the outset. Certain classes of people, certain
grades of buildings, can always be reached by
such means; but the positive results obtained
are small and inconsequential. The educa-
tional campaign is valuable, of course, because
everything that tends to educate the people
as a mass is helpful; but it is much too costly
of time and much too indefinite in its results
to be permanently valuable.
The law, and the building law. is the single
efficient remedy. “The law can permit certain
kinds of construction and forbid others. It
imposes penalties; it provides for the punish-
ment of offenders. Even if ineffectively ap-
plied, it is a great step and a good step in
advance. For many years our larger cities
have permitted the construction of buildings
only under the limitations of a building code.
In some instances, as in that of the city of
New York, this code is a highly specialized
law, dealing with great minuteness with every
possible requirement and condition. The build-
ing conditions in New York are, perhaps,
more exacting than in other cities, and its
law has, in a sense, come to be regarded as the
model for building codes elsewhere.
The relationship between a building code
and the safeguarding of property against loss
by fire is very close, and the remedy is quite
as obvious. If a fire loss means the destruc-
tion of a building, it is obvious that if the
building has been constructed so that it will
not burn, if the rapidity of the destroying
element is checked, if apparatus and devices
are supplied that will hinder a fire, there
must be less loss than if no preventive con-
struction steps had been taken. By requir-
ing care in construction, therefore, the build-
ing code becomes a medium for the lessening
of fire losses. It is concerned, of course, with
other subjects, as, for example, the many
questions relating to the stability of struc-
tures, but its value as a fire lessener is very
great.
The National Board of Fire Underwriters
has performed much valuable work in dis-
seminating literature relating to protection
against fire losses. It has realized, for some
time past, that a general building law would
be the most effective agent that could be ap-
plied toward diminishing the losses by fire.
The subject does not appear to be one that
can be reached by national laws, and the dif-
ficulties of securing general legislation by
States is very great. It has, however, now
taken a very long step forward in this most
important work by drafting a general or
model building code, which has been prepared
to meet general conditions, and which has been
submitted to the authorities of the leading
August, 1905
towns and cities of the United States with an
urgent appeal for its adoption.
This model code has been prepared by Mr.
William J. Fryer, who is largely the author
of the New York City code, and who has
revised the New York code to meet general
conditions, thus producing, with much other
specialized help, the present model code.
This is neither the place, nor is there here
opportunity, to examine the model code in de-
tail, but the auspices urder which it has been
produced entitle it to the most favorable con-
sideration. It presents the argument for an
efficient building law in a concrete form, and
it presents it in the best way it has yet been
brought forward. As a basis for a local build-
ing law this code has exceptional value, for it
can readily be adapted to local conditions and
made to meet the special requirements of
various localities. It emphasizes in a very
emphatic way the earnestness of the National
Board of Fire Underwriters in its campaign
for better building and in its protest against
wanton and unnecessary loss by fire. The code
is, of course, quite complete in the subjects it
treats of, and has been printed a good style
with an ample index.
Church Architecture
THE RISE AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHRISTIAN
ARCHITECTURE. By the Rev. Joseph
Cullen Ayer, Jr., Ph.D. Milwaukee:
The Young Churchman Co. Pp. 64.
Every book which has for its avowed object
the broadening of the popular interest in archi- ;
tecture deserves a welcome. Dr. Ayer’s book,
which originally appeared in the columns of
the Living Church—a fact to which it owes
its form—is a well meant effort to present
some of the leading principles in church archi-
tecture as illustrated in historic buildings, and
has been carried out with considerable success.
His method has been to select certain build-
ings, or groups of buildings, as typical of the
various periods of the development of Chris-
tian architecture, and, by giving an adequate
account of these churches, to draw a graphic
picture of progress in church architecture. It
is an excellent plan, and has been well exe-
cuted. The buildings chosen for treatment are
exactly those most typical of their especial
period, and the author presents the chief facts
of their history and their relation to con-
temporary structures in a clear and satisfactory
manner.
The book frankly makes no claim for com-
pleteness, nor does the author make any effort
to treat the history of architecture, even as
illustrated in churches only, with complete-
ness. It is a book intended to arouse interest,
and will serve as an admirable stepping-stone
to further studies in the fascinating subject of
which it treats.
Like many writers who approach church
architecture from an ecclesiastical standpoint,
Dr. Ayer refuses to believe in the growth of
a real architectural style later than the Eng-
lish Perpendicular Gothic. For him the
Renaissance has no message and has no prod-
ucts. It is quite true that there is little
contemporary church architecture of perma-
nent value, but it is most emphatically true
that the Renaissance in its golden period pro-
duced great churches, churches as much
churches in an ecclesiastical and architectural
sense as any building erected in the Gothic
period. Dr. Ayer is quite justified in bring-
ing his book to an end at any point that suits
his own convenience or which meets his views;
but he clearly lessens his value as a leader in
the subject of good architecture by closing his
eyes to a period which produced some of the
most impressive and most original creations
of ecclesiastical architecture.
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
133
the high
deep shades carefully
considered. By the use of
“American Seal”
Paint,
the best and most lasting
results can be obtained.
Made in sixty standard
shades of pure carbonate
of lead, oxide of zinc, and
pure linseed oil, combined
in the right proportions
with the very best color-
ing pigments. Ihe prod-
uct is the supreme ready
mixed paint.
The William Connors Paint
| Mfg. Co. ow Troy, N.Y.
Beautiful
Summer Homes
Can be made very attract-
ive by artistic painting.
The color scheme should
be in harmony with the
surroundings to secure
the correct effect.
There should be a
harmonious con-
trast with the
background, with
lights and
The Seal of
the Best. Paint.
Remember
q There is none "just
as good." We cannot
make a better paint.
We would if we
could.
@ Send us a_ photo-
graph of your house
and we will send you
absolutely free samples
of artistic shades and
trimming colors in har-
mony with the sur-
roundings.
@ The label on every
can of "AMERICAN
SEAL" PAINT is
a guarantee of the in-
tegrity of the contents.
The brand is merely
another name for
Purity and Perfection
Q Hundreds of homes
along the historic Hud-
son and Wallkill Val-
leys are painted with
"American Seal"
Paints
134 AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
August, 1905
ALWAYS IN
PLACE.
NEVER IN
THE WAY.
Glenny’s
Auxiliary Ironing Board
Cuts down the laundry bills. Can be instantly
and easily attached to regular ironing board or
table, and is the best thing ever produced for
bringing out those desirable effects in
shirt waists, ladies’ clothing and chil-
dren’s suits. For ironing sleeves there
is nothing better.
If you own an Auxiliary Ironing
Board the laundress will have no ex-
cuse fornot ironing your clothesexactly
as you wish them. Nicely made from
hard wood, with rounded edges. Metal
parts are aluminum finished.
Retails everywhere for 50 Cts.
SPECIAL OFFER:
Send us the name of a house-furnish-
ing dealer whom you positively know
by inquiry doesn’t have these boards
in stock or on order, mention this publi-
cation, and we will send you, absolutely
FREE, a household convenience which
retails everywhere for 25 Cents.
Monday and Tuesday Booklet
on request.
W. H, GLENKY & CO.
Specialty Mfg. Dept.
TURNED BACK OUT
OF WAY.
80-Page Illustrated Catalogue of over 250
Designs of Superior
WeatherVanes, Tower Ornaments
Church Crosses, Copper Finials, Ec.
mailed to any address for 2-cent
stamp—half the postage
22 Burling Slip and
T.W. JONES, Manufacturer, 180 Front Street, N.Y.
CREEPER EERIE EEE ERED EE EDEL!
Butcher’s
Boston Polish
Is the best finish made for FLOORS,
Interior Woodwork and
Furniture.
preserving, the natural color and beauty of the wood,
For Sale by Dealers in Paints, Hardware
and House-Furnishings,
Send for our FREE BOOKLET telling of theinany
advantages of BUTCHER’S BOSTON POLISH.
THE BUTCHER POLISH CO., 356 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass.
H is a superior finish for
Our No. 3 Reviver kitchen and piazza floors,
PATENTED
OO CCRC CRA Ta ar a
“My mother says that with
her new ironing board she can
iron my clothes so they fit,
ROCHESTER, N. Y. andshe knows.”
eT re ogy
TAISCOLND A
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
READY FOR USE,
Van Dorn
Iron Works Co.
Prison, House,
and Stabie Work,
Joist Hangers,
Lawn Furniture,
Fencing, Eic.
Standing Seam
AROOF IRONS
Clinch right through the
standing seam of metal roofs.
No rails are needed unless
desired. Wemakea similar
one for slate roofs BA oe
SEND FOR CIRCULAR
BERGER BROS. CO.
PHILADELPHIA
PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT
Pressed Cement Brick Machine
A GENERAL fact of great importance in
the building interests of the country is
the rapid substitution of concrete sub-
stances for the old materials. Cement, with
its practical qualities of plasticity, durability
and economy, and capable of giving the nec-
essary artistic conditions required of color, tint
and texture, is now to be reckoned with as one
of the chief features in structural industries,
and there are no signs that any royal decree
will be issued by architectural experts against
its vast and rapid introduction. One popular
form of its utility is shown in the adaptability
to be manufactured into bricks by machinery
on a scale of production that will enable it to
meet all demands, and in various styles that
are bound to prevail between the embellished
and the plain. The capacity of one machine
that is devoted to this work is about seventy-
five styles of brick already regularly made,
with chances of an infinite multiplicity to
follow the moods of the designers. Besides
this number it turns out patterns of special
kinds made to order. In our view, these
numerous samples, forming an array of speci-
mens that climb by gentle steps from the very
simple to the most beautiful, are impossible to
produce by any other means as well. The
apparatus is the Helm Brick Machine, manu-
factured by the Queen City Brick Company,
of Traverse City, Mich., and is shown by the
accompanying illustration. It makes ten per-
fect, uniform pressed cement
bricks at each operation, and is
easily worked to this large pro-
duction from one to three times
a minute. The
number of opera-
tions depend on the
PRESSED CEMENT BRICK MACHINE.
yard arrangement with reference to mixing
materials and yarding the output—a capacity
of a thousand bricks a day per man up to ten
men, producing ten thousand without a mixer.
‘The use of a mixer decreases the cost of mix-
ing seventy-five per cent. and enables seven
men to do the work of ten with the machine.
Every brick made is a pressed brick, and orna-
mental ones are made as quickly and cheaply
as the plain by using the special plungers fur-
nished each device free of charge. So far as
machinery is concerned the machine is a com-
plete cement brick plant. It works with a
pressure of eighty thousand pounds, or eight
thousand to the brick. They are pressed face
up, securing sharp lines, and easily colored or
made richer on the face with but little addi-
tional cost. The handling is labor-saving on
account of being pressed on wooden pallets,
five to the pallet. These are easily removed
from the machine and placed in cars or racks,
thus avoiding the care of each brick separately.
The design of the machine is scientific, and
it is practical in construction. It is equipped
with ten plain and the same number of orna-
mental plungers, each of the latter of dif-
ferent design, and by placing them in the press
9
August, 1905 AC Ei heen lO MES AN DENGAIRD ENS
10 Pressed Cement Brick
AT ONE OPERATION
Plain, Colored or
Ornamental
w-sceerere
Operated by hand 1 to 3 times per minute, 80,000-1b. pressure
10,000 Bricks a day with 10 men, or 7 men and a mixer
Catalog and prices sent on request
QUEEN CITY BRICK MACHINE CO.
Deer. © Traverse City, Mien.
Write for
illustrated
booklet W free.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.,
Jersey City, N. J.
F, Weber & Co. ee cee
Sole Agents for RIEFLER’S INSTRUMENTS, 01's Pantographs,
Drawing and Blue Print Papers, Drawing Boards, Tabies, Squares, Tri-
angles, Etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Transits, and Levels of Best Makes
Send for Illustrated Catalogue, Vol. III
1125 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore
waxe Concrete Building
°°" Blocks
Best, Fastest, Simplest, Cheapest
MACHINE
No crackage or breakage
No off- bearing
No expensive iron pallets
No cogs, gears, springs or levers
Move the Machine, Not the Blocks ; ;
THE PETTYJOHN CO.
€17 N. 6th Street, Terre Haute, Ind.
BRISTOL'S
RECORDING THERMOMETER,
Located within house. records on
aweekly chart outside tempera-
ture. Also, Bristol's Recording
Pressure Gauges, Volt, Ampere
and Watt Meters. Over 100 differ-
ent varieties, and guaranteed.
Send for catalogue.
THE BRISTOL CO.,Waterbury, Conn.
BURLINGTON
Venetian Blinds
Screens and Screen Doors
Sliding Blinds
1 Highest Quality Surest Sellers 7
I)
Any style of wood for any style of Y
window.
Backed by the endorsements of
thousands of satisfied custom-
ers. Made on honor. Sold on
merit and guaranteed to give
entire satisfaction.
Proved by actual use to be the
most practical and satisfactory
blinds and screens on the market.
For your own best interests and
STEAM
84 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO
your customers, send for Free
Booklet Catalogue, giving prices
and full particulars.
BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 LAKE StrEET, BURLINGTON, VT.
RESIDENCE OF DR. H. B. JACOBS, NEWPORT, R. I.
MR. J. R. POPE, ARCHITECT.
ONE OF THE THOUSANDS OF HOMES HEATED BY
Richardson & Boynton
SS HEATERS
Winter weather defied and homes
given a summer climate with these
powerful, economical Heating
Apparatus. @Correspondence
respectfully solicited from parties
wanting to adopt the best methods
of heating. 2 of oF oe
WARM-AIR FURNACES
COOKING RANGES, ETC.
Richardson & Boynton Co.
(Established 1837)
234 WATER STREET, NEW YORK
AND WATER BOILERS
51 PORTLAND STREET, BOSTON
136 AMERICAN’ HOMES AND GARDERsS
August, 1905
The
HAMPION IRON CO.
KENTON, OFFIC.
STRUCTURAL IRON.
ORNAMENTAL
CAST AND WROUGHT IRON.
JAIL CELL WORK.
FENCES AND RAILINGS.
® 8 6
Catalogue of above furnished, and Prices
quoted on application.
cAbsolutely safe and reliable. cAsk your friends.
RED GULF CYPRESS
=] yields its mystery slowly.
We know it
outlasts all
other timber for
tank use, but we
don’t know
exactly why.
Our. Ca t alogue
lee more information
27 ft. Tower, 3,000 gal. Tank. furnished Mr. J. F. Perkins Portland, Maine = =
W. E. CALDWELL COMPANY, LOUISVILLE, KY.
Water Thermostat
A BRAFT CONTROLLER FOR
HOT WATER HEATERS
Simple,
Durable,
Accurate,
Inexpensive.
Will save 25 per cent. of
your coal bill.
Will regulate the tempera-
ture of your whole house.
Catalogue free upon request.
Davis & Rorsch Temperature Controlling Co.
NEWARK, N. J.
a few minutes ten various patterns are pro-
duced at once. ‘The brick being pressed face
up, the cement box can be filled nearly full of
natural colored mixture, and then colored
mixture of richer material added insures a well
tinted face brick impervious to moisture. The
method of operation is simple and convenient.
Two pallets are placed within the cement box
shown in the engraving. ‘The box is then
filled with material, passing along the track
to the machine and then into it. The front
and side levers are then operated, and the
bricks are ready to remove. By working the
small lever at the left end of the machine, the
cement box, which has been forced down over
the table in operation, raises to position for
removal and return for refilling. “The above
firm in its catalogue compares the product of
this machine with common clay pressed brick
and block construction in very surprising state-
ments, but the successive observations are so
carefully made that no exaggeration can be
implied. Its literature also gives numerous
advantages of this contrivance, which is recog-
nized by engineers, machinists and contractors
as an unsurpassed factor in revolutionizing the
brick industry. It is easily transported. Take
it to the sand bank, deliver cement to it and
one has a brick yard that will produce plain
pressed bricks or those most highly ornamental
to rear the finest structure. Or the little
plant can be established on the building site
and bricks made there. It is plainly a boon
to the utility of cement and cement construc-
tion. It enables the builder to make the brick
for his own structures, the contractor to save
the brick maker’s profit, the clay brick maker
to produce a pressed facing brick in connec-
tion with his common clay product, thus
widening his field, and concrete block makers
to complete their plants so as to produce ce-
ment brick as well as blocks. Concrete has
been tested for years, and is recognized as un-
surpassed in strength needed for construction
purposes. The mixture used in the machine is
much the same as for other forms of concrete
work, requiring Portland cement and clean,
sharp sand free from clay and foreign matter.
The apparatus is manufactured under the
F. Helm patents, all territories east of the
Mississippi River being exclusively controlled
and machines manufactured therefor by the
Queen City Brick Machine Company, of
Traverse City; while the country west of that
river is held under like conditions by the
Helm Brick Machine Company of the same
place.
Metal Spanish Tile
[ ANY one claims that metal roofing has
no noteworthy or vital advantages, a study
of the various points and qualities of the
styles made by the Berger Manufacturing
Company should be an excellent means for
artistic and practical instruction on the sub-
ject. This is easily done by procuring the
latest illustrated catalogue, sent free on re-
quest. If there is any proof in half-tone
accuracy (and the art is very successful in
reproducing buildings), the test pictures shown
in the issue No. 2 are indeed conclusive. ‘The
accommodation between the metal roofings
and the many and various examples of really
pretentious structures is there perfectly shown,
and the color, texture and relief effects give
that desired artistic capping to high class
architecture as gratifying as that reached in
Spanish clay tiling. All the modes of group-
ing and massing of tile which render the
Spanish so beautiful may be followed in cor-
rect fashion by the employment of the patterns
made by this company. Being absolutely ac-
curate and invariable in construction, their
application makes it easy to establish any di-
rection of line, straight, curved or radiating,
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
~
WwW
1
August, 1905
and they fit so evenly as to acquire that uni-
corm and constant appearance which removes SQ NHILLLLEUETEEREEUUEEEGGECTEATUAAAUOONAET EO cS ETAT
it from the commonplace. Metal tiling is a = a
suitable roofing for residences as well as public
buildings, and has none of the disadvantages
of the clay type. The plates shown in the
catalogue explain the high and vertical side
guard construction, in which expansion and
contraction are fully provided for and capillary
attraction completely overcome, making it ab-
solutely storm and water proof. ‘The plates
are large enough to enable the roofer to apply
them rapidly and cheaply, and a great advan-
tage in their use lies in the fact that no special
framing is necessary, nor need it be more than
ordinarily strong. The book gives very plain
illustrations of the construction and manner
of fastening tile roofing, shows how to apply
valley water guard, hip molding and flashing,
and graduated tile for circular roofs, domes,
bell shape towers and all conical surfaces. It
contains numerous examples of finials and
terminals, artistic hip and ridge moldings,
valley guards and hip flashing, and “ Spanish,”
“African Horn,” “ Pan-American” and
“Twentieth Century” tile roofing. The
metal tiles are manufactured of copper and
zine galvanized steel terne tin plates. Besides
this important output of the works at Canton,
Ohio, the firm designs and makes steel office,
bank, library and vault specialties and steel
furniture, fixtures and filing devices; and fur-
nishes plans, specifications and estimates on all
kinds of steel equipment. “The main office is
at Canton, Ohio, and branches in Philadel-
phia, Boston, St. Louis and New York, at
No. 210 East Twenty-third Street.
/
Most any Galvanized Sheet will last if
carefully protected, but—
My,
py
<2,
CUTTTITTU TT TTTLTTT FUNUUANIULAAUNULEAUAIULLIILIOY
MOST NTT TTT
U/zxNNNUAUUAA TURNER TEAGUE
PITTSBURGH
Galvanized Sheets
last anywhere. They’re made to give protection,
not to seek it.
Every metal worker knows what the red
“Apollo” stands for, and if he has his way, no
other brand will be used.
Don’t give first cost too much thought, for
Apollo Sheets are reasonable in price, and when
trueness to gauge, superiority of material, easy
working qualities and long life are considered,
they are the only ones which should be used.
Send for our Apollo Weight Card. Every
metal worker has use for it.
Floor Surfacing Machine
MACHINE for surfacing floors quickly,
aq cheaply and neatly, and operated by
electric power obtained from power
companies or generated by a small engine and
generator in a wagon, is shown in the engrav-
ing illustrating this article. The apparatus is
American
Sheet @ Tin Plate Company
Frick Building Pittsburgh, Pa.
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FLOOR SURFACING MACHINE.
designed to meet any condition arising upon
the surfacing, cleaning and polishing of floors,
new or old, hard or soft, big or little. It does | § / PENDING
the work with dispatch, evenness and at a | | i
small fraction of hand labor cost. A long
list of places, including government buildings,
private dwellings, school houses, hospitals,
rinks, dance halls, platforms, hotels, decks of
steamers, sailing vessels, etc., is available that
attests the rapid and invariable accomplish-
ment of its work. The invention is simple. A
frame on wheels carries a swinging arm pro-
vided at its end with a polishing disk furnished
““BALL-BEARINC’”’
Gland Rapids
ALL-STEEL
vAoH
not with knives, but with sandpaper varying in
fineness with the character of the floor. A
two horse-power electric motor drives the disk
at a speed of two thousand revolutions per
PULLEYS
Are sold Direct to Build-
ers, Contractors and Jills
at prices under the com-
mon, ordinary goods.
minute, so that a given area is smoothed off
in a fraction of the time required by a hand
polisher. All the dust and scrapings are
sucked through a pipe by a fan and deposited
in a receptacle provided for the purpose. One
man guides the machine about the room.
When he shuts off the current and wheels the
electric polisher through the door, he leaves
behind him a glossy, smooth floor, without any
If you make ten or ten thousand window frames, we can save you money
and give youa superior sash pulley. We are the largest sash pulley makers in
the world. We ship direct, or through dealers and jobbers everywhere.
Write for catalogue and free samples and prices on half-gross, gross, barrei
or any quantity. Direct from the makers to you. Inquiries welcome.
GRAND RAPIDS HARDWARE CO.
17 PEARL STREET, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.
138 AMERICAN HOMES AND
GARDENS August, 1905
A SECTION AT A TIME
JUST AS YOU NEED THEM
A SECTION BOUGHT TO-DAY FITS A
SECTION BOUGHT FIVE YEARS HENCE
Our Steelsects, or sectional cases, are interchangeable. You
can have them every section complete or in combination. Check
files, letter files, document files, safety deposit boxes, roller
shelving, blank files, etc.
Write for our Catalogue 30 S
BERGER’S
Steel Sectional Cabinets
are adapted to every kind of office, the lawyer, the doctor, the
manufacturer, the business man, and all professional use. We
also make special equipment to order. Ask for our steel equip-
ment catalogue. We also make steel ceilings and other sheet
metal architectural work.
THE BERGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY
CANTON, O.
AH. G. 6-5 NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA
For Factories, Mills,
Foundries, Etc.
A line of sash five
hundred feet in length
f can be operated from
one station if desired.
Adapted to any kind
of sash, hinged or pivoted.
MANUFACTURED ONLY BY
THE CG. DROUVE COMPANY,
BRIDGEPORT, CONN.
Manufacturers and Erectors of Cornices, Ventilators, and Sheet
Metal Architectural Work of Every Description.
WE INVITE CORRESPONDENCE AND GUARANTEE SATISFACTION,
MANTELS
@Our line embraces
everything needed
7 aii
=
5
& i for the fireplace, and
if our Mantels range in
price from $2.65 up.
Catalogue free.
PRE
THE GEO. W. CLARK CO.
91 Dearborn St., Caicago, Ill.
306 Main St., Jacksonville, Fla.
(Factory: Knoxville, Tenn.)
of the marring imperfections that regularly
appear in handwork. Wax or other polishing
material can be readily applied and brought
to a high polish by covering the revolving
disk with an ordinary cloth. Mounted as it is
on wheels, and light in design, the machine
can be wheeled as readily as a carpet sweeper.
It does not require skilled labor to run it, and
being a perfect dust collector it is possible for
stores, offices and many areas to be polished
during business hours. Probably there is no
form of indoor hand labor more monotonous
and exhausting than polishing floors, and as
many indications point to the time being near
at hand when contracts will specify machine-
surfaced floors, that kind of hard work of the
old style would have to be employed if it
were not for the fine apparatus under notice.
The new power being perfect in its adapta-
tion to attend to all sorts of floors will never
be counted on to “decline the toil.” Espe-
cially will this amelioration of labor be ap-
preciated in the case of floors just completed,
where there is always an extra annoying
amount of work necessary to effect the proper
polish after scrubbing. By the use of the
machine the scrubbing is done away with,
thereby saving the quality of the floor and the
expense of the cleaning, which is fifty per cent.
of the cost of machine surfacing. By the new
method the floor is in the best attainable con-
dition to receive the painter’s finish. In private
dwelling houses, hotels and all places where
carpet and linoleum are used, surfaced floors
are a matter of sanitation, economy and, when
partly exposed, of appearance. Sanitary, for
the reason that the friction caused by the
rollers with the wood fills in the cracks, so
that dust and other germ-bearing substances
can not collect. Surfaced floors are economical,
for the reason that carpet laid over a smooth
floor will last much longer than over a rough
one. Walking on a carpet causes friction, but
if the contact be with a smooth, polished floor
the friction is minimized. If a portion of the
surfaced floor be exposed—for instance, if rugs
are used—the base portion may be stained to
represent hardwood, and only the closest
scrutiny will reveal the difference. The fric-
tion caused by the operation of the machine
draws the sap to the surface and leaves the
floor in the right condition to be stained.
When plasterers and painters are through
with their work, there is a vast and stubborn
amount of lime and paint stains scattered
about. Scrubbing will not take these out, since
they have entered into the wood fiber in liquid
form. The machine removes this coating and
makes the floor as slick and clean as the sur-
face of an oak table. Another favorable point
for the device is in the fact that it is not nec-
essary to remove furniture from a room in
which the machine is working. In hospitals
absolute cleanliness is essential, and there must
be no cracks nor crevices in which dust and
dirt may collect. The machine will render the
floor superficies of these institutions as smooth
as glass, and, consequently, as sanitary as me-
chanical treatment can make them. The ma-
chine started its career of dressing, truing and
brightening floors in the extreme West, and
is now beginning to be of service in the rest
of the country. Any information beyond the
scope of this notice will be gladly given by
The Rapid Floor Surfacing Machine Com-
pany, Room No. 608, Flatiron Building,
New York, N. Y.
Mantels and Grilles to Beautify the Home
AY) ia and grilles form an important
part of the interior finish of the mod-
ern home. Reception-halls, parlors,
dining-rooms, living-rooms and libraries are
made more beautiful by artistic mantels. They
August, 1905 AE EGAN HOMES | AN DEEGAR DENS 139
are made in large variety to harmonize with
the woodwork of the ditferent rooms. Some
of them are so handsomely carved and elabo-
rately finished as to be perfect masterpieces.
Grilles improve the appearance of doorways
and arches, and can be had in many beautiful
and decorative shapes. A full line of mantels
and grilles is carried by W. F. Ostendorf, No.
2417 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, and
he will gladly send a copy of his illustrated
catalogue free on request. The goods are sold
“direct from factory to user,” saving all be-
tween profits. The prices are low, in the first
place, because the cost is reduced by manufac-
turing in large quantities. In addition to
mantels and mallee he also furnishes slate
laundry tubs, gas grates, fireplace belongings,
tile and marbleized slate wainscoting for vesti-
bules, bathrooms, halls, etc. Any one about to
build a new home or make improvements in
the present dwelling would do well to write
to this well established and artistic manufac-
turer regarding the goods mentioned above.
ARTISTIC HOMES
ARTISTIC
HOMES
A DOLLAR ROOK
OF MODERATE COST
HOUSE DESIGNS.
Printed on the best of
paper in
Edition de Luxe.
Any one intending to
build should purchase
this new edition of
ARTISTIC
HOMES
If you ever intend
to build, send for the
above $1.00 book to-day.
Wood-Working Machinery
HE great wood-working machinery in-
9 dustry owned and operated by J. A.
Fay & Egan Company has at last
conquered the details of a struggle to improve
facilities to meet its expanding business. In
our long acquaintance with the capacity of
this enterprise we have only known it to main-
tain one inferiority—a lack of building space.
This has now been corrected in a fair meas-
ure, so that it will soon be possible to fill all
orders with more than the usual rapidity,
although the realty conditions surrounding the
works do not promise a realization of the area
needed to establish a plant which should be
double the size the shops now occupy. At
present the remedy is in the shape of a large
five-story building under favorable state of
construction and having a space of about fifty
thousand square feet. It will be used as a
shipping warehouse, and will serve to contain
the finished machines ready for transportation,
instead of, as heretofore, leaving the tools in
the respective departments in which they are
built. This will give more room in all de-
partments and make the shipping of machinery
very much easier. The warehouse will also
serve as a showroom, and visitors having lim-
ited time may see the different apparatus in a
finished state without having to go through
all the factories. “The improved and patented
machinery made by this company are adapted
especially for planing mills, carpenter, sash,
door and blind work, furniture, chair and
bracket factories, car, railway, bridge and
HIGH-CLASS ARCHITECTURAL WORK.
HERBERT C. CHIVERS
127-7th STREET CONSULTING ST. LOUIS
HIS mantel shown is
known as a terra vitrae
mantel, very suitable for grille
rooms, cafes, etc. We can
give it to you either in the
glaze or dull finish. This is
simply one design of many.
We can show ycu others, or
can make you a mantel from
your own design. If your
dealer cannot show you one of
these mantels, write direct to
NO. 156—SINGLE CYLINDER CABINET
SMOOTHING PLANER
agricultural works, buggy, carriage and wagon
builders, and spoke, wheel and handle fac-
tories. “The success of the machines doing the
wide range of work indicated in the above
long list can mainly be accounted for in the
admirable efforts of the staff of expert in-
ventors, and one of the best examples in their
unique series is the recently patented single
MANTEL No. 15. EE HARTFORD
(Terra Vitrae, Line-Texture.)
Height (to top of Faience Egg and Dart), 5 ft. 10 in. a ora FAIENCE. COMPANY
6 ft. wet, of AEROS, 12 seu Opening, et x2 eet
Hearth, 6 ft. x1 ft.9in. Len of Faience Corner eces,
gin. Depth of Recess, 444 in. Returns, 10 in. Wood HARTFORD, CONN.
Shelf not furnished.
i i zs
ev
140
Colt’s U Bar Clamps
a
ADAPTED
TO ALL THE
TRADES.
|
|
PO eee
They are
a
Predominant
Efficiency in
the Shop.
Broad, Strong Grip
Tnstant action. No loosening by jarring. Made
with crank or bar screw when desired. In all their
parts these clamps bear the signs of a peculiar fitness
for the work intended.
Send tor catalogue and pricc list.
MANUFACTURED BY THE
BATAVIA CLAMP Co.
19 Center Street, Batavia, N. Y.
os the wrong medicine adminis-
tered by mistake—cases like
this happen every day; avoid
them by keeping your medicines
il. a Farigray Cabinet.
FARIGRAY
Medicine and
Shaving Cabinet
A chest in which every bottle is in
|| front, with the label in plain
i ~=wiew—hands you the bottle you’re look-
| ing for. Shelves in door are so made that
bottles can’t fall off. Holds 50 bottles of
all sizes. 17 in. wide, 2314 in. bigh, 74
in. deep. 10x14 in. beveled plate mirror—
adjustable to most any angle for shaving.
Beautiful piece of cabinet work, hand-
somely finished in antique
oak or white enamel.
PRICE $7 00 SHIPPED ON
a
ONLY APPROVAL
The only practical,
safe,
economical
chest
Freight prepaid north
of the Ohio, west of
the Alleghanies, and
@ east of Kansas on re-
ceipt of price — pro-
rated to other points.
Write for our time
Payment proposition to
you. Address
FARISH & GRAY
Makers of Fine
Furniture Specialties
329 LincolnTrust Bldg.
St. Louis
CLOSED
convenient and
medicine
An Architect,
specifying “THATCHER” goods does so
with the assurance that his client gets
the best made and saves money in fuel.
THATCHER
FURNACE
COMPANY
110-116 Beekman Street, New York City
Works, Newark, N. J.
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
cylinder ‘‘ Cabinet Smcothing Planer,” shown
in the accompanying illustration. “This new
machine has a solid or sectional feed roll 4% to
7 inches by 24 to 42 inches. The intimate de-
tails of this broadly designed tool are given in
a circular, which will be sent to any one on
the reception of a postal request. It will
clearly and succinctly show the operation of a
mechanism that avoids all scraping, chiseling
and rebabbitting, by the application of the
firm’s patent sectional clamp bearings pressing
the journals of the cylinder on this planer.
When a planer is fitted with these bearings all
the above troubles are done away with. The
cap bearings are made up of thin plates which
readily take up their own wear when the clamp
bolts are loosened, and the cylinder never has
a spark of lost motion. Chiseling the old
Babbitt metal out of the planer boxes is one
of the troublesome operations connected with
the ordinary planer; rebabbiting and scrap-
ing to a perfect fit are others. “They all tend
to delay work and increase the cost of product.
This bearing is a fine feature of the new
cabinet planer, and its use makes it possible
for the machine to spread to a wide adoption.
The company has been so long in possession
of public confidence that a special feature like
its offer of second-hand machines should be
very suggestive to those shops, colleges, tech-
nical schools, State institutions, etc., that need
to practise some economy in procuring wood-
working machinery practically the same as
new. ‘This class of stock is on hand on ac-
count of the makers being obliged in some
cases, in order to introduce new and im-
proved tools, to take in exchange machines
which have been in use only a short time.
These are adjusted thoroughly, every part put
in first-class working order, and tested at the
works before shipping. A list of these second-
hand tools, comprising blind and door ma-
chinery, chamfer cutting machines, lathes,
matchers, molders, mortisers, sanders, saws,
surfacers, tenoners, dovetailers, pulleys and
miscellaneous iron-working tools, is published
in booklet form and will be sent free on ap-
plication. Address Nos. 209-229 West Front
Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.
American
Homes and
Gardens
and
Scientific
American
will be sent to
one address for
$5.00
Regular price, $6.00
August, 1905
Heating
Talks
THE IMPORTANCE OF
THE HEATING QUESTION
Do you really realize the vital impor-
tance of the heating question ?
A good many people seem to think
that any old System will do—when
they are “getting figures”—the Quality
(healthfulness) of the Heat is entirely
forgotten—until it’s too late.
Healthy Heat is just as necessary to
good health as Sanitary Plumbing—
it prevents coughs, colds, headaches and
all the other ills which are so often the
result of unhealthy Heating Systems.
Healthy Heat means KELSEY Heat.
If you intend to build or remodel,
you owe it to your family, particularly to
your children, to get our Book and learn
just what THE KELSEY WARM AIR
GENERATOR is—and what it prevents
q THE KELSEY WARM AIR GENER-
ATOR is entirely different from all other
Systems—Furnace, Steam, Hot
Water, etc.
@ Better, because it gives healthier
Heat, more uniform Heat, much more
even Distribution, and the minimum
Coal Cost—less than Direct Steam
and Hot Water Systems, 15 to 30 per
cent. less than Indirect Steam and
Hot Water Systems, and 20 to 40 per
cent. less than Furnaces.
@ The book proves all this and more.
Kelsey Heating Co.
Main Office Branch Office
342 West Fayette St. 156 Fifth Avenue
SYRACUSE, N.Y. NEW YORK
Remington
Typewriter
Lasts.
Therefore
Remington
Supremacy
Lasts.
Remington Typewriter Co.
327 Broadway, New York.
STS <
vee
aXe
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iba alent lei he Haaspysts
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“Standard” Porcelain Enameled ware is the indispensable equipment for a
modern home; always moderate in cost no matter how simple or elaborate.
Its snow white, seamless, non-porous surface is a constant assurance of
Is Your Bathtub
@ Haven't you some one in your family who
cannot afford to fall? Old people, rheu-
matic people, weak people, heavy people,
and most married women would be thank-
ful for a first-class bath mat—a mat which
does not slip, and yet is comfortable.
The Cant-slip Bath Mat
makes any tub — no matter how slippery —
safe; and is so comfortable that we have
known bathers to go to sleep on it in the
tub. It is soft and grateful to the tenderest
skin — like cloth, but with the germ-proof
quality of pure white rubber.
@ Made in six lengths and two widths.
The average tub takes a 36x15 inch mat;
price at your dealer's, $3.00. For some
bathers the Rim Gnp (lower cut) is de-
sirable ; price, $2.00.
@ If you find any difficulty in getting mat
or grip, write us direct, and goods will be
forwarded anywhere east of Omaha at
prices named.
health, its beauty a source of comfort and satisfaction to all the family, and
its installation in your home is a small investment, which not only quickly
earns its cost through daily use, but considerably increases the value of
your house, if at any time you should want to sell or rent.
Our Book, “‘MODERN BATHROOMS,” tells you how to plan, buy and arrange your bath-
room, and illustrates many beautiful and inexpensive rooms, showing the cost of each fixture
in detail, together with many hints on decoration, tiling, etc. It is the handsomest booklet of
its kind, and contains 100 interesting pages.
The’ ABOVE INTERIOR, No. P-27, costing approximately $90.00—not counting piping
and labor —is described in detail among the others. FREE for six cents postage.
CAUTION: Every piece of “Standard” Ware bears our “Statdard’ ‘‘ Green and Gold’’ guarantee label, and has our.
trade-mark “Standard” cast on the outside. Unless the label and trade-mark are on the fixture, it is not “Standard” Ware.
Refuse substitutes—they are all inferior and will cost you more in the end.
Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. Dept.23_ PITTSBURGH, PA.
Offices and Showrooms in New York: “Ststdatd” Building, 35-37 West 31st St. London, England: 22 Holborn Viaduct, E.C.
NOW IS THE TIME
to think about your HOTBED SASH AND FRAMES. =
Don’t let Jack Frost jog you on this little matter. | fl
We have every reason to feel that our sash and ‘
frames are a good bit better and therefore cheaper than CD alee |
others. Perhaps not fancy, but in every way made ae
with an idea of efficiency in construction and con- Sliding
venience. All that is good in the mortise, steel pin Eun
in Co.
dowels, cypress wood, lead joints, etc., are employed. x ih 2
Take the regular stock size, 3x6 feet, spaced for N. Y.
10-inch glass, finished and painted complete for $3.00.
Then one at $1.10 each. Freight allowance made.
But you'd better write for full information ; ee
SO satisfactory.
_BURNHAM HITCHINGS PIERSON Co.
Builders of Greenhouses, Large and Small
HOME OFFICE AT 1137 BROADWAY BRANCH, TREMONT BLDG.
NEW YORK BOSTON
The Cantslip Bathtub Appliance Co.
56-58 Pine Street, New York
=SS
>
AWN
vie
i
AMERICAN
Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year
Swe bP EMBER, ~ 19.05
THE TERRACE ENTRANCE—“ Woodcrest ”
THE GARDEN—‘ Woodcrest ”’
MOonTHLY COMMENT
NoTaBLeE AMERICAN Homes—“ Woodcrest,” the Estate of James W. Paul, Jr; Esq.; Rad-
nor, Pennsylvania By Barr Ferree
THE RESIDENCE OF 5S. S. DENNIS, Esa.
A SUCCESSFUL SMALL SUBURBAN HOUSE
oo VEISSION: 7; LOW GE ORY VARGO MIBRAG Vem CS Onan hala Sark cS cols wabeler lc eae ence ov Soyues
A House AT WOODMERE
Hers tro HoME BuILpING: Living in the House
THE AUTUMN BULB PLANTING
How A VALUELESS SUBURBAN PLACE WAS CONVERTED INTO A PRODUCTIVE ESTATE.
By S. L. de Fabry
AUTUMN WORK IN THE GARDEN By Ida D. Bennett
SCIENCE FOR THE HoME: Plumbing on the Farm
A LittrLe FRIEND OF THE ROSE
FirE PROTECTION: Safeguarding Temporary Structures
SREE TP RAINING OF CAVALRY OBPICERSIIN RANGE. qiqce cad 2 3) s)e oe eran .By D. A. Willey
Harvarp’s BoTANic GARDEN By Mary Caroline Crawford
Tue HousenHoLtp: Household Decoration—The Man or the Woman—Which ?—Household
Civic BETTERMENT: Ways to Help: The Body Politic—Is the Billboard to Go?
THE OBSERVER’S NoTe-Book: “‘ Ghost Flowers ”
The Architect and His Charges. Publishers’ Department.
Fifty Suggestions for the House. New Building Patents.
New Books.
EW Series of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BUILDING MONTHLY. Established in 1885.
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, 1905. Price, 25 cents. $3.00 a year.
Combined Rate for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and AMERICAN HOMES AND
GARDENS, $5.00 per year. Rate of Subscription of eee ON HOMES AND
GARDENS to foreign countries, $4.00 a year. :: :: :: Published Monthly by
MUNN & COMPANY, Office of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. 361 Broadway, New York.
[Copyright, 1905, by Munn & Company. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.]
NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he
cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be enclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy.
The Garden
“Woodcrest,” The Estate of James W. Paul, Jr., Esq., Radnor, Pennsylvania
AMERICAN
HOMES AND GARDENS
Number 3
1905
b)
a
D)
—=
=
£
oF
oO
Y?
The East Terrace
la
“Woodcrest,” the Estate of James W. Paul, Jr., Esq., Radnor, Pennsylvan
154
Monthly
S HOME life deteriorating? Mrs. Henry
Mills Alden says it is, and in proof of her
assertion draws an interesting picture of the
old-type home life, with the various mem-
bers of the family busily engaged, of an
evening, in quiet domestic work or in read-
ing, and contrasts it with the home life of to-day, in which
the elder women are away intent on outside activities, the
men out at the club, even the boys finding entertainment out-
side the home walls. All this is true enough, but, as Mrs.
Alden herself points out, it is a tendency of the time rather
than any deliberate perversion of home ideals. This new
aspect of home life is, however, well worth consideration,
even though it is unlikely that the pendulum will swing back
to the old-fashioned standards, which have such great written
charm, but which few people nowadays care to put into
actual practice.
Ir is a curious fact that while this changed conception—
or rather this new development of the home life—is becom-
ing quite universal, the modern home has been improved
almost beyond comparison with the homes of our fore-
fathers. It is true, there are still few rooms so altogether
charming, restful and delightful as the good old Colonial
room—the genuine article, if you please, not the modern
imitation. For pure charm, thoroughly permeating in its
effect, no modern rooms, as a whole, can compete with it.
But the modern room is better adapted to modern needs, and
the modern house, as a whole, is a much more habitable
dwelling than the old house ever was or could be. More-
over, nothing is now spared to make the modern home as
attractive as possible—neither expense nor effort is avoided
to accomplish this end; and yet, strange as it appears, the
tendency of modern home life is away from the house, and
our pleasant modern apartments are seldom used for the
quiet, restful purposes of home life.
NOTWITHSTANDING this there is no reason to look for-
ward to the extinction of the house as a dwelling. If that
condition arises it will not be from pure neglect of the house,
but because, in the cities at least, the pressure of population
will become so great that space can be had only for the most
necessary apartments, and each person have, in short, but a
small sleeping place, the whole of the day’s life, both for
work and for recreation, being passed elsewhere. Even this
will be no new thing, for the splendid buildings erected in
ancient Rome as places of public resort met an absolute need
in giving the citizens a common meeting place and a common
play place where much of the daily Roman life was spent.
Things have changed greatly since those days, when now
every laborer seeks to own his own home, and in many cases
has it.
AMERICAN artists, as a class, do not form a highly re-
spected portion of the community. ‘The work they do con-
tributes nothing to the physical necessities of mankind, and
its intellectual value, counted as mental food, is not much
considered. ‘They are of a jealous and quarrelsome disposi-
tion, attaching unusual importance to minor things, working
in a way that no one not an artist thinks laborious, doing
pretty much as they please and when they please. They do
not seem to be governed by the ordinary rules of life, and
eke out a precarious existence in a way that few understand
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS September, 1905
Comment
and appreciate. It is a significant fact that the most success-
ful art exhibitions in America—those of the Pennsylvania
Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia—have been ar-
ranged and conducted by a layman; while the exhibitions in
New York, which are entirely controlled by artists, are only
important because they happen to be held in the metropolis.
The single important thing the artists as a body have accom-
plished in New York has been the organization of the Fine
Arts Federation, which was started by an architect, but
which, representing all the art societies of the metropolis, has
actually attained political importance by being designated in
the city charter as the body to make nominations from which
the Mayor shall select the appointed members of the Mu-
nicipal Fine Arts Commission. Yet neither artistic merit nor
achievement lay at the bottom of this, for at the organization
of the Federation a certain group of societies, which had the
word “art” in their title, were invited to form it, irrespec-
tive of the artistic achievements of its members or its own
artistic worth. Things might be better managed now; but
this is literally what happened when the Fine Arts Federa-
tion was organized about ten years ago.
Pror. J LAuRENCE LAUGHLIN has performed a much-
needed public service in his discussion of great fortunes in
the Atlantic Monthly. The prejudice against large accumu-
lations of wealth by those who have not accumulated it has
been so pronounced and outspoken that some careful,
thoughtful words on the subject have long been needed.
Prof. Laughlin rightly recognizes these protests as a form
of public clamor originating in an unthinking manner and
developed with unthinking venom. His article, while not
published in an organ likely to be read by the protestants
against wealth, must do much good. His subject, in a nut-
shell, he says, is this: The indictment of all wealth without
discrimination is folly; for large fortunes may be honorably
won and honorably spent, fortunes honorably won may be
dishonorably spent, and fortunes may be dishonorably won
and dishonorably spent. ‘This is.a sane, cautious and sound
statement of the case, and deserves the very widest circula-
tion. In the course of his argument Prof. Laughlin cites
two notable examples of the creation of large fortunes, both
by the building of railroads. One is that of Baron Hirsch,
who gained a large fortune by the building of railroads in
southeastern Europe; the other is that of the first Vanderbilt,
whose railroad building sagacity opened up connection be-
tween the Great Lakes and the Atlantic, and paved the way
for further developments in the West. Prof. Laughlin
rightly points out that if each of these railroad pioneers, both
of whom ventured much in their enterprises, took out fifty
or more millions each, they only did so because, at the same
time, they created vast new wealth in the regions which they
developed. ‘This is a very clear statement of the origin of
two great modern fortunes, and Prof. Laughlin cites other
instances, which make evident the necessity of knowing what
one is talking about before unfair and unjust criticism of
wealth is indulged in. Much of this talk is pure envy and
spite, and is only significant because it is heard on every side,
and is as misleading as it is unwise. Prof. Laughlin’s article
must greatly help in bringing about a truer view of the case.
It is sound and wise in every particular, characterized by
great good sense ably applied to a most important topic.
It is not the less so because it emanates from a professor in
the University of Chicago. ;
September, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS I
UN
UNA
Notable American Homes
By Barr Ferree
“Woodcrest,”
CHE estate of Mr. Paul at Radnor is a
\i property of about three hundred acres, sit-
uated in the center of the lovely rolling
country which is characteristic of the land
to the west of Philadelphia. It is a won-
derful country that, a region of fine houses,
of aaa properties, of finely kept lawns, of highly culti-
vated lands, of delicious woods—a veritable park on a great
scale, the dwellings for many miles amply spaced within
superbly maintained grounds. It is a splendid and beautiful
country, stretching for many miles on both sides of the ‘Main
qf
oF
ee
the Estate of James W. Paul, Jr.,
Esq., Radnor, Pennsylvania
you leave the entrance, is a pool of water shining brightly in
the finely kept lawn, and beyond are the roses and the honey-
suckles, which line each side of the angle at the entrance
corner.
Brilliant as this entrance is you forget it as the horses drive
smartly along the entrance road. Vista after vista opens
before one. There are trees everywhere, in twos and threes,
in singles and in groups, rising from lawns that grow clear
up to them. Splendid trees, too, straight as arrows and tall
and lofty. Beyond are the woods, so thick and dense as to be
forest-like in their effect; with all the underbrush left as
- in ai ii :
“a
PS
“Woodcrest ’>—The Great Hall
Line”’ of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and so conveniently
and so numerously served by trains as to make it one of the
most accessible, as it is one of the most charming, of suburban
regions.
A quick turn in the road brings an illuminated corner into
view, a high wall of roses and honeysuckles, brilliantly
abloom. Just behind it is the entrance lodge, which one
presently discovers to be designed in the same style of archi-
tecture as the house. The entrance driveway passes before it,
and as one’s carriage swings into the gate one realizes at
once that this is an estate quite out of the ordinary. The fine
macadam road stretches ahead indefinitely, with no view of
the house as yet, nor for some little distance. To the left, as
Nature intended it to be, bordered, next the lawn, with row
after row of rhododendrons planted in graceful curves,
borders of rare brilliancy in the early spring, growing exactly
where they will best grow, and adding many superb splashes
of color to the many tones of green with which the landscape
is bounded. Further on are rows of honeysuckles, and then
roses, with more rhododendrons.
The carriage moves rapidly on; the drive makes many a
graceful turn; the trees assume fresh combinations; the
rhododendron borders continue their endless curves, and still
no hint of the house. Had the approach been planned to
enhance the size of the place, it could not have been better
managed; but as a matter of fact the house has been placed
156
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
“Wocdcrest’”—The Terrace Front
“Woodcrest” —The Entrance and Courtyard
September, 1905
September, 1905
exactly where it seemed best to place it, and the length of
the approaching driveway was determined quite without the
effect it might have on the visitor.
Presently a row of thickly planted cedars comes into view,
and above them are the gables of the house. The logical
center of the property has now been reached. ‘The ascent
has been so gradual that one does not realize one has attained
to a considerable elevation, an eftect that is increased by the
fact that the house and stable—the main entrance of the
house stable directly facing the main entrance of the house,
although both buildings are widely separated by spacious
lawns—are built on a plateau, the land falling away only at
some distance from the buildings.
The cedars, you presently discover, inclose the laundry
yard and entirely surround the kitchen wing of the house;
surround it so closely and so completely that scarce a hint of
the uses of this part of the house is apparent. The first drive-
way leads to the kitchen door, a second to the main entrance,
\
acct bt Braet Ey
> H mets swe B
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 157
the center of the main wall, and is almost chapel-like in aspect,
with slightly curved arches, gable end and buttresses.
Varied and interesting as this entrance front is, the archi-
tectural character of the house is best shown in the corre-
sponding front on the other side, called the terrace front,
although a terrace surrounds the house on every side except
at the entrance. “The scheme here is quite different, for the
wings at either end are of stone in both stories, with half-
timbered gables, with richly carved cornices of very dark
wood. ‘The central projection is of stone throughout, in-
cluding the gable, and has an ornamental centerpiece, a round
arched doorway below, with a carved band and lions below
the great upper window, which has a fine architectural frame
surmounted with a balustrade below the simpler windows in
the gable. The connecting wall between this center and the
wings is half-timber in the upper story, the larger windows
cutting the roof and capped with pointed gables with carved
wood hoods. Large and small dormers in the roof complete
“Woodcrest °—The Smoking-Room
and between the two, and on the side beyond, are many ever-
greens, beautiful little trees of every conceivable shape, size
and color, growing with a lustiness that foreshadows a
wonderful future.
The screen of cedars follows the kitchen wall so closely,
around to the porte-cochere, that one wonders they keep their
form and color; it is an introductory hint to the great care
lavished on every tree and shrub of the estate that such re-
sults can be obtained in a situation which, if not unfavorable,
is certainly not calculated to produce the best results. Thus
through a forecourt of evergreens one reaches the house.
The porte-cochére is in an open courtyard, surrounded by
the house on three sides. The main building is of stone, two
stories in height, with a third story in the deeply sloping roof.
The upper story of the wings is in half-timber work. In
each inner corner is a square stone tower, surmounted by a
low curved roof or dome. ‘The porte-cochere is directly in
the features of this front, which is at once varied and har-
monious, stately and dignified.
And it is enlivened, beautified and completed by a most
remarkable and superb collection of evergreens planted close
around the terrace on all three sides. ‘The terrace itself is
inclosed within low evergreens, and below, on the hillside,
is the splendid collection—numbering nearly one thousand
three hundred trees—which are at once the special pride and
delight of the owner and the chief plant distinction of the
place. A wonderful mass of color it is, of greens and yellows
of every possible shade, growing so closely together that
there scarce seems room for a single tree more, and yet each
growing finely, as though each had all the space in the world.
At the steps, top and bottom, are pairs of English golden
yews, a rare and unusual tree, growing luxuriantly and quite
adapted to its new habitat. On the terrace are many bay
trees, golden yews on each side of the main doorway, and
158 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDE September, 1905
Ro
! ‘A
| imal
Pe
say
EI
:
“Woodcrest ’’—The Dining-Room
September, 1905
the lower walls are thickly overgrown with vines, which, in
time, no doubt will completely cover all the stonework.
Then within. The door at the porte-cochére opens im-
mediately into the hall, an immense room, two stories in
height, and extending clear through the house to the main
door on the terrace. It is lined throughout with oak, the
wall surfaces being divided into bays by paneled pilasters:
single great arches below, two arches to a bay above. The
lower arches are openings to corridors, or recesses, one of
which contains a fireplace, and all large enough to serve as
ingle-nooks. The upper arches inclose an ambulatory car-
ried completely around the hall, adding vastly to the interest
of the perspectives seen from below, as well as to the spacious-
ness of a room already large in its own proper dimensions.
The beamed ceiling is dull red, with borders of brown; the
ambulatory ceiling is of solid red. There is no central chan-
delier in the hall, which is lighted by side lights. The rug,
ie
PHASE LEREEDRA LES RIESE SSIES EASES?
ly
ls
which covers almost all of the floor, is green, and there is
much green furniture. A great, carved table stands in the
center, and pots and jars with growing plants are disposed in
the corners and at the arches.
On each side of the hall the central bay opens into a pas-
sage, with an arched coffered ceiling, that leads to the other
rooms. The walls are paneled throughout.. These passages
are necessarily dark in the daytime, since they receive light
only from the ends and from the doors on the sides; but
great globes of electric lights brilliantly illumine them at
night and bring out admirably the well-studied detail with
which they are finished. The passage to the left, as one
enters from the porte-cochere, leads to the dining-room; the
corresponding passage on the other side is the approach
to the library.
The reception-room is to the right of the passage to the
dining-room. The walls are hung with drab silk, with
AMERICAN HOMES
“Woodcrest” —The Morning-Room
AND “GARDENS 159
borders of darker hue, embroidered in flat colors. The wain-
scot is white wood, as well as the door frame. The curtains
are the same material and color as the walls. ‘he furniture
is gilt with tapestry covering. The mantel is white marble.
It is a small room, lighted by a large baywindow, but very
soft and charming in color and in furnishing.
The dining-room and breakfast-room are practically one
apartment, the latter being but an extension of the former.
The dining-room opens directly from the passage from the
hall, and being used only in the evenings is somewhat dark
in comparison with the further portion set apart as a break-
fast-room, and used also as a dining-room when the family is
small. The woodwork is oak, the walls, hung with red
damask, being divided into panels by pilasters, which support
a shallow but richly carved frieze. The ceiling is of white
plaster, with decorated ribs arranged in an interlacing de-
sign. The rug and curtains are red. The fireplace, of stone,
P $I NP PIG, Xa
a igh ones
HOA
The andirons
are of bronze carrying standing figures. The room is lighted
by brackets applied to the pilasters, and a number of family
portraits are hung against the walls. At one end is a superb
French cabinet, with a portrait painted on the central panel,
and containing a magnificent collection of rare old porcelain
is surmounted with an overmantel in relief.
and glass. The breakfast-room is practically identical with
the dining-room in treatment and in color, but the walls have
no pilasters, and the more ample windows make it a much
more brilliantly lighted apartment, and one entirely suited
to its purpose. A window in the dining-room opens onto a
side porch, spacious enough to be used as an outdoor room,
and furnished accordingly. It attords many charming
glimpses of the surrounding country.
From the dining-room a door and passage lead im-
mediately to the serving-room and pantry, and connect with
the kitchen and cellars. The kitchen wing is entirely given
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS September,
1905
““ Woodcrest” —The Breakfast-Room
up to the servants, both on this floor and above. Every
possible convenience and device is here for the important
work done in these rooms. a
.
E/,
bs <<
ANEESRIVe AN] TOMES
AND.” (G2AGRaDEES NES 175
Glory of the Early Spring—A Tasteful Planting of Hyacinths
with the magnolias, and help to form one of the most de-
lightful flower seasons of the year. ‘Iwo of the prettiest
sorts, poeticus and its double form, like drier ground than
the others. Most of the sturdier narcissi, like Golden Spur,
Princeps, Sir Watkin, Orange Pheenix and Trumpet Major,
increase rapidly, soon thickening up their colonies into masses
of white and gold.
It is possible, also, to naturalize tulips and hyacinths in
woodland or waste places, where the soil is sandy or flaky,
with old leaf mold. For this purpose we use principally
bulbs that have been forced in winter, and do not expect
them to make a great show until they have been planted for
two or three years.
The Arrangement i Gm Flovar
HAT the arrangement of cut flowers for the
house should be an art, highly developed and
specialized, requiring many years of practice
for its perfecting and a keenly developed
taste, is an idea that strikes the Western
mind as something incomprehensible, a need-
less task, a waste of energy. Fortunately for the develop-
ment of Western floral taste, this is no longer regarded as
useless study or needless effort. Acquaintanceship with
Japan and with things Japanese has brought no more lovely
knowledge to the West than the wonderful insight of the
Japanese into the art of floral arrangement.
The Western idea may be broadly stated as simply putting
flowers into any convenient receptacle. The Japanese idea is
to use a flower as a decoration, as something to decorate a
room with, to give it life and vitality, and to give these things
in the most artistic and direct way possible. The difference be-
tween the two ideas is as broad as the ocean which separates
America from Japan. But we are learning the lessons taught
by the Japanese in floral arrangement, and we are learning
them faster every day.
But the Japanese puts no speed into his work. ‘The ar-
rangement of a group of flowers with him is a matter of
profound study. Every possible aspect of the disposition of
the flower must be studied and its final destination con-
sidered before the task can be adjudged complete. There
is, of course, a great difference between Japanese and
American rooms which is quite fundamental. The Japanese
room contains almost no furniture; it is, to Western minds,
very bare. The American room is often chiefly furniture, so
ponderously is it filled with tables and chairs, so thickly are
its walls hung with pictures and prints. A single vase of
flowers, in the simply appointed Japanese room, counts for a
great deal more than it would in an American apartment. In
the former, it may be the one chief object of beauty; it will
be just as beautiful in the American room, but its beauty must
stand competition with a multitude of objects that bear no
relation to it.
A few simple statements will make clear some of the ele-
mentary principles of the arrangement of cut flowers.
Flowers of one kind only should be placed in a single vessel.
Try the separated and the compound methods, and the value
of the former will be indisputably established. So true is
this that often the best effect can only be obtained when
flowers of a single color are placed together. Another ex-
cellent rule is not to crowd too many flowers into a single
receptacle. The most beautiful will lose much of their charm
if so arranged.
176 | AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS September, 1905
How a Valueless Suburban Place was Converted
into a Productive Estate
By S. L. de Fabry
ANY owners of small country or suburban
estates find themselves with a few acres of
surplus land for which they have no use,
except that they are a source of expense to
maintain in harmony with the surroundings
and well-laid-out grounds near the house.
Noronne country place as a summer residence is expensive,
and only the wealthy can afford this luxury. A few acres
nicely situated in communicating distance to the city is within
the reach of the man with a moderate income, and I think
the ideal of the simple life, as it is not only healthful and
invigorating, but diverts the mind from the monotony and
strenuous efforts of business to the varied pleasures of out-
door life and creates an interest in the average man for
almost suburban location and convenience. As an invest-
ment for returns it was valueless. The owner was not pre-
pared to keep a summer home and a city residence, and
therefore decided to make the place his permanent home and
try to get some returns out of the thirteen acres available to
cultivation. Being ignorant of the ways of agriculture, the
services of an expert in this line were engaged.
Slowly but surely the transformation began. One nice
day I was led through a bewildering array of plants, planted
in rows and hills. There were cabbage, turnips, beets and
sweet corn, flanked by beans, peas and parsley. “Tomato
patches were bordered with something crawling, which
proved to be squash.
Soon hoeing time came.
Additional labor had to be en-
A Modest Cottage on Top of a Hill Surrounded by Two Acres of Old Shade Trees, Lawn, and Shrubbery,
Laid Out Like a Miniature Park
nature and its workings. In the following the evolution of
a small country seat into a self-supporting estate is described,
the feature of interest being that the owner had not the slight-
est knowledge of agriculture at the time the place came into
his possession.
The success obtained seemed the result of close REE of
the situation, facing all disappointments by renewed and
better effort, until the results were satisfactory. The place
consisted of fifteen acres, beautifully located on rolling land
near the seashore, close to the city. The modest cottage, on
top of a hill, is surrounded by two acres of old shade, lawn
and shrubbery, laid out like a miniature park.
In outbuildings there were at that time a nice barn, car-
riage house, horse and cow stalls and a thirty-foot hothouse.
The price paid for the place was reasonable, considering its
gaged to keep the weeds down. Everything looked lovely,
and the writer commenced to figure on “the lowest esti-
mate ”’ which the crops would bring.
That summer we had unusually dry weather. One morn-
ing I noticed a field of green peas in full bloom getting
yellow on the stems near the ground. My suspicions were
aroused. I examined the blossoms, and found them full of
little green bugs sucking the sap out of the plants. ‘There
were no green peas to market that summer. ‘The beans,
wax and green podded, “stood well,” I was told. The
trouble must have been that their standing must have been
good with everybody else. After shipping a week or so to a
commission merchant, I found out that after deducting
gathering, baskets, freights and commissions, I had lost five
cents on every basket shipped.
September, 1905
ACNE EARe ve AUNS SEO MES
AND GARDENS I
~I
~I
The Orchard Beginning to Bloom
The tomatoes also proved a fine crop. The only difference
here was that they were a “little late,” and I lost seven
instead of five cents on every crate. I commenced to hate
“fine crops ’’; I was looking for something not so bountiful.
Several thousand plants of late cabbage were set out. The
cabbage worm, not I, got the crop. The worst were the
sympathetic inquiries of my city friends. It was really
aggravating. That fall I dispensed with the expert’s serv-
ices. In his stead, an unassuming individual, who could
handle a plow and cultivator, was engaged for less wages,
but strict orders to follow instructions. No advice but
obedience was wanted.
Profiting by my experience, I concluded, to be successful,
I must learn myself. The first consideration was my limited
space, and quite logically I decided to grow for quality, not
quantity. To produce something better than the ordinary
was the aim, and in this to receive a better price the point.
Having fixed in my mind what I was to grow, I spent con-
siderable spare time that winter with books. I soon found
out they treat the subject ‘‘ too lengthy’ for an amateur to
grasp. Articles on special culture, such as appear frequently
in this magazine, were of most benefit to me. They are
easily comprehended and can be referred to when wanted.
{nsectides and fungous diseases were absorbed. Their theory
is far from practice. Culture and to keep troublesome in-
sects in check are necessary, but they do not produce results
beyond the ordinary. To obtain these, one must know the
necessary application which constitutes “ intensive” culture.
The plant food supplied each individual specie must be
far in excess as supplied by the ordinary grower, thus ob-
taining more in size, flavor and
productiveness than he. Start-
ing with proper soil preparation,
the supply of nitrogen, phos-
phoric acid and potash must be
applied in such proportions as to
stimulate the entire energy
of the plant to the utmost
vigor.
The next spring the thirteen
acres were laid out in the follow-
ing manner:
Eight acres were devoted to
vegetables.
One acre (alongside a brook)
seeded in a permanent pasture.
Four acres planted out in a
mixed orchard. In young fruit
trees, only carefully selected
stock of extra quality was con-
sidered. They were set out:
Spring Plowing
Spraying the Trees in the Orchard
A Field of Bush Lima Beans as a Second Crop
Peaches: Wheatland, Elberta, Triumph.
Japanese plums: Satsuma, Wickson, Burbank, Abundance,
Simoni.
European plums: Claude de Bavay.
Prunes: German and Hungarian.
Pears: Anjou, Angouleme, Bartlett.
Trees were set out eighteen to twenty feet apart, correctly
trimmed back. All thrived. Leguminous crops, such as
bush beans and peas, were planted between the trees the first
three years, and after gathered in, plowed under green, the
humus so obtained and nitrogen made available forcing the
building up of the wood structure. Peaches treated this
way showed a yearly growth from three to three and one-
half feet. They were carefully sprayed, cut back and thinned
out to proper crown formation. Every spring peach trees,
at their first bearing, were thinned out by hand to one hun-
dred and twenty-five peaches per tree, allowing fifty more for
each year. Result, twice the size ordinarily obtained.
Plum and pear trees received the same attention. Care
was taken at planting time to set out the trees in alternate
rows, so as to obtain perfect fruit blossom pollenization.
Between some pears and plums the ground was used to plant
a large strawberry. At the first crop the size was found
satisfactory, but not the flavor. Seeds of the small but
highly flavored German forest berry were imported, plants
grown from them and set out in the beds. “Through the
cross-breeding the size was retained and the flavor so im-
proved that as much as thirty-five cents per quart for
‘fancies ’ was obtained.
In vegetables three acres of one-year-old Palmetto roots of
asparagus were planted; rows
six feet apart, stools three feet
in the row. They were put under
‘intensive’ cultivation. _Be-
tween the rows, for two years,
light crops of peas, beans, celery
and lettuce were planted, so the
loss of ground during the non-
productive period was very
slight. Contrary to usage, they
were cut first time four years
after planted, or five years old.
The results obtained fully war-
ranted the prolonged idleness.
The plants showed such vigor as
to reach a height of nearly six
feet one month after eight
weeks’ cutting.
Of late only imported French
early Argenteuil asparagus is
grown. Seed is imported and
178
roots grown from them. ‘The balance of the land is laid out
in small plots, where extra early peas, English bush lima and
French stringless beans and celery are grown in succession.
Always two crops are harvested the same season on open
land. Extra early peas and beans are plowed under in June;
after gathering is over the land is quickly prepared, manured
and replanted. Bush limas, stringless beans and celery follow
peas; millet and corn fodder, string beans. ‘The nitrogen
made available by this process is especially beneficial to the
young celery plants, and only phosphoric acid and potash
containing fertilizers are necessary to give the second crop
the balanced plant food.
All products are guaranteed, and if anything, through
oversight, is found to be not in accordance with the standard
obtained, credit is given and charged to profit and loss ac-
count. Only new, attractive packages, properly labeled, are
used. Nothing but “ left-overs ”’ are shipped to commission
dealers. ‘The prevailing produce market quotations have
absolutely no influence on quotations given. Therefore, only
buyers who desire something superior than can be obtained
in the open market are sought.
As in every successful business, expenses are reduced to a
minimum and nothing is wasted. ‘Two horses are kept; a
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS September, 1905
Jersey supplies milk and butter. Surplus of the latter is sold
locally in enough quantities to pay for her feed. Thorough-
bred fowls supply eggs and meat, with enough to sell to make
them self-supporting.
In help only two men are kept the year round. Additional
labor is employed in busy season. ‘The hothouse is largely
extended, and asparagus is forced in winter by the French
method. Hotbeds supply romaine lettuce and radish in
quantities during the cold months.
The place has yielded fifteen per cent. on the investment,
with a surety for still better returns if fully developed. As
high as $400 per acre, under most favorable conditions,
have been grown. ‘The actual operating expenses, which in-
clude improvement, help, seeds, materials, feed and sundries,
are carefully watched, and rent, vegetables, fruits, butter,
milk and eggs for family use are credited on the right side of
the ledger.
And last, but not least, the property, as a revenue-bearing
investment, has naturally largely increased as to its intrinsic
value, which is the happiest feature of the experiment, as
there is a great satisfaction in seeing one’s earnest efforts
crowned with success. On the whole, the record is a remark-
able one and the results most interesting.
Autumn Work in the Garden
By Ida D. Bennett
of the garden begins to wane, unless one
has a convenient water system and can, by
turning the hose on the plants visited by the
frost, preserve, for a few days or weeks
C longer, the beauty of bloom and leafage.
‘Phese warm, mellow days that come after frost are very
lovely and very useful, too, in ripening the wood of hardy
shrubs and the bulbs of plants like the cannas and caladium.
Lilies, too, which have passed through a genial Indian sum-
mer are apt to stand the rigors of the winter better than if
subjected to the soaking of chill rain and sleet before the sea-
son for their long winter sleep arrives. But when at last the
frosty nights of October usher in thoughts of winter, a sea-
son of activity, only second to that of spring, begins in the
garden.
All cannas, dahlias, gladioluses and other bulbs that need
protection of the house or cellar must be dug and given the
necessary drying, or curing, in the warm sunshine before
packing away in dry sand for the winter. ‘This done, atten-
tion should be turned to the annual beds, and all plants pulled
or dug up and consigned to the compost heap, after which the
beds should be raked clean and level and the paths cleared of
all weeds and dead leaves.
At this time, too, a close watch should be kept for cut-
worms, cocoons of various caterpillars, and all that are
found destroyed. Much may be done in this way to reduce
the number of worms the coming season.
Under the sides of boarding of the house and buildings
will be found the chrysalids of the cabbage butterfly, and
under steps and similar places will be found the cocoons of
the hickory tussock moth and that of the arctea acrea. Along
the borders of the beds, between the curbing and the sod,
you may look for the cut-worm and destroy him, or he may
be baited by mixing a little meal and sweetened water to
which has been added a little Paris green and placing it on
the freshly raked beds at night, as it is then this worm feeds,
remaining dormant during the day. Ass far as is possible all
weeds should be eradicated, root and branch, and the lawn
and back yard raked clean, removing all litter to a safe
distance and burning all noxious matter, as such material left
to decay and soak around the house in the winter is a prin-
cipal source of diphtheria and typhoid fever; and I have
known a case of diphtheria traced directly to a field of decay-
ing cabbages near a house, and decayed vegetable matter in
a cellar and door yards is responsible for most cases of
typhoid fever, and should no more be allowed to remain than
poison in a cup from which one is about to drink.
This late fall cleaning will also greatly facilitate the spring
work in the garden, which is a distinct advantage, as there is
always a maximum of work and a minimum of time for every
moment of the first spring days.
Many plants may be transplanted in the hardy border at
this time to advantage. Plants may be divided and reset and
every effort made to further the spring gardening. Along
this line will be the securing of fresh soil from the woods and
marshes and putting it in a convenient pile for the frost to
mellow. In the spring it will be difficult to attend to this, as
the marshes are usually too wet at this time to get on with a
team and the farmers are too busy to attend to it, providing
one must depend on their help. It will be well, too, to look
out for a supply of well rotted manure, if one’s supply is
limited. Later in the winter, when the farmers begin to haul
manure from the town stables, it may not be easily obtained.
See that all beds containing perennials, especially paeonies,
roses, lilies and the like, are elevated sufficiently to shed
water, as water standing around the roots of perennials is
almost always fatal, and certainly will interfere with per-
fection of blooming. If the beds are not high enough add
earth from some other bed until it is, and see that there is
not a hollow left between the sod and bed for the water to
settle in and work back into the bed again.
All cold frames should have the surface of the earth above
that of the earth outside, and a drain provided in one corner
by digging a hole a foot and a half or two feet deep and
filling it with stones and broken pottery to carry off the water.
This is quite important, as a sudden surface thaw when the
earth is frozen may fill the frames with water, which it will
be difficult to remove. This happened to my own cold frames
a few years ago, when, through confidence in the natural
drainage of the land, the precaution had been neglected, and
I arose one morning, after a sudden thaw, to find nearly a
September, 1905
foot of water in my frames, which had to be removed with a
force pump. This winter, when six feet of snow on top of
the frames vanished in a night, the frames were found dry
and safe, owing to a well constructed drain.
Plants situated along the side of porches should be pro-
tected from the water dripping from the eaves, as well as
from the frost, by placing boards to shed the water. All
protection should be given with the plain fact in view that
it is given to prevent thawing more than freezing; no amount
of protection will prevent the latter when the ground all
around is frozen, but it will prevent the cold winds reaching
the plants, and the sun shining on them when frozen, and, if
properly done, the settling of water around their roots. Dead
leaves, evergreen boughs and corn stalks are all excellent for
protection, the two last being preferable where plants with
evergreen leaves are to be protected, as pansies, carnations
and hollyhocks. Dead leaves are not good for these plants,
as they freeze around them—unless covered with boxes or
boards to shed moisture and keep them dry—and cause them
to decay. Evergreen boughs and corn stalks may be piled so
as to shed the rain or, where the clumps are isolated, loose
boxes—that is, boxes not air-tight, though calculated to shed
water—may be turned over and loosely filled with leaves.
Plants too tall to be covered should be wrapped with straw
and corn stalks; a good way being to stand a few corn stalks
around the plants, their ends slanting out enough to shed rain,
and to weave the straw in and out through them or stand it
straight up, the corn stalks supporting it. Tie closely at the
top and more loosely further down. Altheas, though gen-
erally considered hardy all over the country, are doubtless
benefited by this much protection. The severe winter of
1898-1899 killed every althea in this vicinity, which would
not have been the case had they been protected, I think. My
own, which on previous winters were cared for, were neg-
lected, owing to my absence in the city, and succumbed with
the rest, and I shall never risk one unprotected again.
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 179
Plants on the east side of the house protected by a wing
or building on the north rarely need protection; while plants
on the west require special care. All climbing roses, clematis
and similar vines will be greatly benefited by having sacking,
old carpet or even straw matting tacked over them. ‘This
should come well down over their stems and be united with
root covering, or the frost may cut them off below the shield.
The Boston ivy, which is difficult to establish in our bleak
North, may be successfully grown by observing this pre-
caution.
Window boxes should be looked over, and those containing
geraniums and plants that will live over winter consigned to
the cellar, while annuals should be removed, the boxes cleaned
and stored in a dry place, ready for spring.
This is also a good time to visit the marshes for cattails,
which make excellent stakes for house plants, especially for
fresias and carnations, and whose supports are always much
in evidence; every reed, if cut low, will give two or three
supports, round, smooth and sightly.
Boxes of compost should also be provided for winter pot-
ting, as lack of earth for this purpose is often very annoying.
Dry sand also will be needed, and material for drainage—
charcoal, broken shards and moss.
Pots should be given a good scalding with strong soap-
suds, as the use of old and dirty pots is a fruitful source of
insect pests in the window garden. See that the glass of the
cold frames is air and water tight, and provide some sort of
water-proof protection in the form of old rugs or mats for
severe weather, as it is easier to attend to this while the
weather is pleasant than in the midst of a howling blizzard.
And while all these various precautions seem a great deal of
trouble to take, they are really but little if taken in time; and
one is apt to congratulate themselves during the rest of the
winter over the forethought that makes peace—as far, at
least, as the garden was concerned—possible and the spring
work so much easier.
Science for the Home
Plumbing on the Farm
3 HERE is probably no class of people who, on
the whole, so deliberately neglect plumbing
problems as presented in the house as the
farmer. And it might also be said that few
people need the plumber more and need him
greatly. It is but fair to point out, however,
that the nics is not wholly to blame in this neglect. If he
avoids the convenience and value of a plumbing installation
in his house it is more apt to be through ignorance of what
to do, where to obtain the apparatus, and, above all, dread
of the cost involved, than from any real or studied indif-
ference to the subject.
It may well be questioned if the lack of plumbing facilities
on the farm is not more due to the indifference with which
the farmer is regarded as a purchaser by the plumber than
from any views the farmer may have on the subject. Most
large businesses of the present day have been built up through
the energy with which their products have been brought to
market. The man who lands a customer is apt to value him
more highly than the chance purchaser, because the former
represents a direct return on the necessary effort to obtain
him, and because he also knows that the chance customer
would not come along had he not been influenced by some
effort, perhaps then impossible to trace.
The farmer is a difficult class to reach in any line of manu-
factured goods, because he is so widely distributed that the
concentrated trade possible in crowded districts is out of the
question. It would seem, however, that the field for the
extension of plumbing sales among the farmers was so large
that it might profitably be cultivated by the plumber and
dealer in plumbing supplies.
The farmer is a large user of water, for no farming opera-
tions can be carried on without it. The installation of a
water plant for farm purposes—for use in the market house
and barn—is, therefore, one of the first essentials to success-
ful farming. This, however, should be but the first step,
for a water plant that gives runnng water in the barn can
afford the same facility in the kitchen at small additional ex-
pense. No farm wife need be told of the superior merits of
running water in her kitchen over the old-fashioned well, or
the hardly less archaic hand pump. The latter has, of course,
some conveniences over the former, but it entails weary
work and adds a quite unnecessary burden to the many labors
that fall to the wife on the farm.
But assuming that running water has been brought into
the farm kitchen, the question may well be asked, Why
stop there? Why not a bathroom; why not a separate bath-
room for the men help? Why not shower baths and all the
conveniences that modern plumbing has brought to a rela-
tively high degree of efficiency? All these things should fol-
low as a matter of course, and no doubt would do so could the
farmer be convinced as to their utility and be satisfied that
their installation would not cripple his financial resources.
The latter point is apt to have more weight than the former.
There is unquestionably a large field for business in this
direction.
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GAR
DENS September, 1905
A Little Friend of the Rose
By S. Frank Aaron
AG : : = : Perc ; ; ;
It can never be too strongly impressed upon a mind anxious for the acquisition of knowledge that the commonest things by which we are surrounded
are deserving of minute and careful attention.’’—RENNIE.
HE flower-loving
insects are all
friends in need;
but the unhon-
eyed flowers also
: have their insect
friends, not agents of fertilization
only, but protectors and cham-
pions that fight the battles of those
that must depend on the flower
stems and leaves and buds to sur-
vive. But though the flowers are
voiceless, they tell us with none the
less eloquence what their enemies
are and how they suffer by them.
Ask the rose. ‘The withered,
skeletoned leaves proclaim the
enmity of the saw-fly slug; eaten
leaves and others folded over tell
of the larve of the golden-winged
tortricid moth; while cankerous,
eaten buds and flowers denounce
the rose bug, the aphides, that
crowd the green stems and leaves
of the newer growth and swarm
all over the tender buds.
Annihilate the aphides upon a
dozen stems of a thrifty bush and
keep others off; then let a dozen
others go full of the lice, and
watch results. The number and the
beauty of the blossoms will be the
answer. Now, Nature generally makes a wise effort to strike
a proper balance, and though we have heard this denied con-
cerning the potato beetle, yet it is true, more or less.
she has furnished several antidotes
for the aphis; if she did not the
little pests would become a nuisance
indeed, past all calculation. This
salutary purpose is effected by the
several larve of the syrphus fly, the
lace-winged fly, the ladybug and a
number of very small Hymenopter-
ous parasites. Of these latter the
most interesting and the most com-
mon is the pretty little fly known to
the scientists as Praon, which may be
called the cocoon-making parasite of
the aphis. Any one with sharp eyes
may discover this little friend of the
rose at work, and may follow, witha
little care, its complete life history.
At the time when the plant lice
are thickest a small insect resembling
a miniature wasp, or an ichneumon
fly, which it really is, may be seen
making its way among the fat
aphides, moving leisurely and with a
dignity quite beyond its size, for it
usually is not longer than an eighth
of an inch. It approaches one of
Little Friends of the Rose at Work among a Herd of Plant Lice
@ Any one carefully and frequently inspecting the rose bushes and the aphides
gathered on the green and tender new growth may see enacted the small
tragedies between the parasite fly and its victims.
Thus
Miniature Pig Sticking, as seenthrough Magnifying Glass
@ The fly of the rose aphis parasite stinging and laying its egg in the
body of a rose aphis. The plump little plant lice look like hybrids
between a verdant goat and a green pig and they get about much like
overfat swine. ‘Their inactivity permits them to be readily attacked,
and their only attempt at defense is in wagging their bodies from side
to side, which sometimes for a moment disconcerts the parasite fly.
the larger aphides and touches it
with its antennae as a means of
certain identification, scent far
outranking sight in such matters
among insects. If this were an
ant the aphis would respond with
a liberal supply of the coveted
honeydew, but knowing friends
trom foes it now slings its body
from side to side, quite violently
indeed for such a lethargic crea-
ture, and the little fly is pushed
aside. Not liking this it moves
on to another or smaller aphid
with a less vigorous movement, or
pausing a moment attacks the
same aphis again, with perhaps
better results. Choosing its posi-
tion deliberately and carefully,
with its slender, stiltlike legs lift-
ing it high, it widely straddles its
victim, its fore legs often resting
on the aphid’s back, its slender
body and long antenne much
jostled by the agitated plant louse.
But now the fly is not to be dis-
lodged. Its keen, swordlike ovi-
positor protrudes from its sheath
and in a moment is thrust deep
into the back of the plant louse,
and is held for just another mo-
ment, until an egg, so tiny as to
pass through the slender organ, is deposited into the very
interior anatomy of the rose pest.
fly straddles off and proceeds at once to convert another aphis
Then withdrawing, the
into an incubator, and so on, until
no doubt the egg supply, perhaps
fifty or more, becomes exhausted.
Of course the aphis so treated
does not die at once, else Nature’s
plan would miscarry. It lives and
goes on feeding and maintaining the
same stiff and seemingly contented
attitude for a little while. Mean-
time the egg hatches a minute, white,
maggot-like larva, and this at once
begins feeding on the soft muscular
tissues of its host. Some little time
is required for the larva to complete
its growth—five or six days during
very warm weather, longer when it
is cool. With an instinct that has
ever been a marvel to the naturalist
the little larva does not touch the
digestive organs, the vascular sys-
tem or the more important nerves
for a period, thus permitting the
aphis to live and feed until the ap-
petite and growth of the parasite
warrant it to eat all before it. Then
the aphis dies, of course, and rapidly
September, 1905
becomes only an outer skin, with head
and legs attached.
For some strange reason the aphis,
not long before dying, forsakes its
place among its fellows. As if ostra-
cized for its condition, although its
disease is hardly catching, it crawls
away to one of the larger leaves,
fastens upon it in exile and thus re-
mains. It is obvious that this benefits
the parasite; the aphis here is far less
apt to be found and attacked by
numerous other enemies that would
endanger the life of its guest. But
what can influence it? It departs from
its habit, for it is altogether social and
non-migratory. It removes to a less
desirable pasture ground. Normally,
if dislodged from the stem and falling
on the leaves it crawls back as fast as
its indolent legs permit to the stem
again. ‘The parasite is alone bene-
fited, but it is out of the world, so to
speak; it can not get at its host’s loco-
motory appendages; it is a legless,
eyeless creature that at best would
make a poor guide if it should get out
and take the lead. But the little
thing, as unintelligent as it looks,
maggot-like, has perhaps a mind of
its own, as we have seen. The habit
I ee
AMERICAN HOMES
The Parasite of the Rose Aphis, much magnified
@ The upper figure is the fly as seen from above; the colors,
black, rufous red and yellow, have almost a metallic luster, and
the delicate, transparent wings reflect a beautiful iridescence.
The lower figure is the cocoon of the parasite beneath the
dead, dried and distorted shell of a plant louse, the insides of
which have been eaten by the parasite larva while attaining its
growth, after which it makes the cocoon.
in the circles indicate the natural size.
AN D 4G@ArR DEIN 'S 181
is almost invariable; the victims craw]
from their usual places and_posi-
tion themselves on the leaves. Out
of seventy-one parasitized plant lice I
found two on the stem and one on the
tip end of a thorn, as if it thought a
leaf ought to grow out there, but was
too far gone to search elsewhere.
Upon attaining its growth the para-
site larva cuts open the aphis skin
underneath and squirms part way out,
so as to have full swing with its head
end. ‘Then it begins the construction
of its cocoon, made, as with most in-
sects, of its saliva, and eventually be-
coming, after a few hours’ work, a
silken, parchment-like, bulging, tent-
shaped affair, upon which the now
shrunken and distorted skin of the
aphis rests as on a pedestal. The
parasite enters the completed cocoon
and becomes an inactive pupa or
chrysalis, and in a few days thereafter,
if it is warm, the perfect insect, the
tiny fly, emerges and takes wing to
work more mischief among the rose
pests. The illustrations fully elucidate
the facts set forth in the text. They
present a wonderful insight into a
small natural force, not the less mas-
The little figures : ints ¥
terful because of its mimic scale.
Lemwoete 6 ti) on
Safeguarding Temporary Structures
HE danger from fire to which any structure,
large or small, is subjected, unless it be built
in accordance with the most approved ideas
concerning fireproof erections, is so imminent
that only the most carefully constructed
buildings can be looked upon as other than
hazardous risks. Temporary structures do not escape this
rule, and often require quite as much care in their construc-
tion and need as much protection against fire as permanent
erections.
It is not many years ago that the whole civilized world
was shocked at the dreadful catastrophe of the burning of the
Paris Charity Bazaar. It occurred on May 4, 1897, and
resulted in a terrible loss of life. It was occasioned by care-
lessness in the use of a lamp attached to the cinematograph.
The flames spread with prodigious rapidity, and one of the
most unnecessary of modern tragedies was enacted within a
very short time. The building was a temporary one, but had
previously been used for theatrical purposes. It was fairly
well supplied with exits, one of which was locked or bolted
at the time; but the flames spread with unparalleled rapidity,
and the ruin was complete almost before the nature of the
trouble had been realized. Many experts and many learned
committees investigated this fire and drew up voluminous
reports and papers concerning it, all of which pointed to one
general conclusion: the need of greater care and the necessity
for greater protection against fire dangers as urgent in
structures of this class as in more permanent buildings.
More recently a somewhat similar case has attracted at-
tention in England, fortunately without loss of life. A Lon-
don man of wealth had built a temporary supper-room behind
his house for use in an extensive entertainment he was about
to give. It was totally destroyed by fire immediately before
the time set, occasioned by improper electric insulation. There
was no loss of life, as has been said, because the room had not
come into use; but subsequent investigation demonstrated
conclusively that had the fire occurred when the room was in
use there would have been a calamitous catastrophe. The
owner of the premises brought suit against the caterer who
had arranged the room, but the jury failed to give him
damages.
This, however, is something quite apart from the im-
portant lessons to be drawn from the affair. The suit for
damages attracted wide attention, since temporary ballrooms
and temporary supper-rooms are quite common in London
and elsewhere on the occasion of large entertainments. It
was found that absolutely no provision had been made for
fire or other danger. Not a single pail of water had been
provided, nor a hand pump nor fire extinguisher of any sort.
The temporary wiring was admittedly of the most dangerous
sort, and yet no protection had been provided for use in any
sort of emergency. ‘The very situation of the room was also
found to be dangerous: it was built over back additions to
the house, and had only two exits; had any one attempted to
break through the canvas walls he would have fallen into
a deep area.
Buildings of this description are not erected every day,
nor does every one have occasion to use them. Catastrophies
in connection with them are, moreover, comparatively rare;
but it is a singular thing that when fire does arise in them the
resulting injuries are likely to be very heavy as well as thor-
oughly unnecessary.
182 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
September, 1905
The Training of Cavalry Officers in France
By D. A. Willey
JHE military strength of France is repre-
sented by an army of six hundred thou-
sand, of whom thirty thousand are of-
ficers. To educate the officers in the
infantry, artillery, cavalry and engi-
neering branches twenty-three schools
have been established in various sections of the republic.
Of these the infantry and cavalry school at St. Cyr is
perhaps the best known outside of France. The engineer
and artillery officers are trained principally at Fontaine-
bleau. At Saumur, however, the great majority of
subaltern cavalry officers receive their education, enter-
ing the institution as cadets. Saumur is the largest of
the series of schools, and such is the system pursued that
it differs radically from those of any other country.
Possibly Fort Riley is the nearest approach; but only
non-commissioned officers and troopers are taught
horsemanship in Kansas, while many of the graduates
of Saumur hold the rank of lieutenant.
It is needless to say that the cavalry arm of the French
service is one of the most important. Each of the various
regiments is composed of five squadrons, making a total
strength of twenty-five
oficers and seven hun-
dred men. Consequently
special facilities are re-
quired to train the of-
ficers, as upon them rests
the responsibility for the
eficiency of their com-
mands. ‘The course pur-
sued at Saumur, how-
ever, 1s sufficiently rigor-
ous to convert a man into
a veteran horseman so
far as mere skill is con-
cerned. It embraces not
only the ordinary in-
struction in riding, but
twee eae:
r. Rane tReet
Over the Bar with a Good Seat
are probably the best equestrians in Europe on account of
the instruction they receive at the institution referred to.
The first lessons given
the novice are in knowl-
edge of his mount. He
becomes so experienced
that he can detect the
slightest sense of vicious-
ness in the animal. Thus
when riding him for the
first time he is on the alert
for any tricks which the
animal may try to play
upon him. ‘To acquire a
seat, he is first given a
horse thoroughly broken
in all the gaits and a
gentle animal, using an
ordinary single bit, but a
performances in the Throne» thewlloeere Eiean blanket in lieu of a sad-
saddle which are on a dle. This is the course
par with the feats of the Rough Riders, the Western ranch- followed at some of the American cadet schools, in order
men, and far excel the achievements of the average circus that the rider may get the proper grip with the knees and
performer. Next to the Italians, the French cavalry officers balance himself to the motions of the horse; but this is only
one chapter in the management of a horse at Saumur.
The expert cavalry officer is expected to be able to keep
a firm seat on any sort of mount, no matter how frac-
tious or vicious, and to perfect him horses are trained
purposely to kick, balk, rear and even “ buck ” like the
Western broncos. Frequently thoroughbreds are se-
lected for this purpose, as they are far more mettlesome.
In some cases the horse is provided with a special har-
ness. By various manipulations of the reins attached to
the harness his movements are controlled. For example,
a twitch of the rein on one side causes him to kick with
his fore feet, while a twitch of the opposite rein makes
him kick out behind.
Taking his seat in the saddle, the novice assumes the
usual positions. The horse is generally placed between
two posts padded with leather, so that neither animal
nor rider will be injured by coming in contact with
them. The horse is hitched between the posts with
broad straps of leather or canvas attached to the head-
gear, so that it is impossible for him to break loose.
SESSas
{ea
oe i
Lieutenant de Kies Leaping a Dinner Table
September, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 183
Not as Quiet as He Seems
He is then put through a course of “stunts ’’ which seldom
fails to dismount the rider, who is unaccustomed to these
movements, no matter how proficient he may be in trotting,
loping or even going over hurdles. While he may be thrown
sidewise from the saddle or backward, quite frequently he is
thrown over the animal’s head and into the arms of the men
waiting to break his fall.
A few months of this sort of work so perfects the cavalry-
man that he can keep his seat on an animal which would be
beyond control with an ordinary
rider. As the accompanying
illustrations show, he can ad-
just himself to a remarkable
variety of movements, and con-
sequently is enabled to per-
form jumps which would do
credit to the most expert cross
country rider. Leaping a fence
six feet high is considered an
easy performance at Saumur,
while to show their efficiency the
cadets sometimes jump their
horses over dinner tables spread
with dishes without touching a
dish, as well as taking flying leaps
across carriages and wagons.
The command of cadets at the
school give performances from
time to time during the year to illustrate their skill in horse-
manship. These are held in the riding-hall or upon the
practice ground facing the school, and include the manage-
ment of fractious horses, leaping contests, charging with
lances, as well as evolutions by companies and battalions, in-
tended to show their perfect control of their mounts. For
practice in inclement weather a very large hall is connected
with the cadet barracks, but most of the exercises are
carried on in the open air on the drill
field, which has been prepared espe-
cially for this purpose.
The illustrations which accompany
this article are characteristic both of
some of the ordinary exercises practised
at Saumur, as well as some of the tricks
indulged in by some of the expert
riders. They show what splendid sport
these exercises are, as well as the great
skill that is developed by them.
The French as a people view out-
door sport and life in a somewhat dif-
ferent manner than the English and
Americans. Sport to them is not the
whole-hearted affair it is with the Eng-
lish and as it is rapidly becoming with
The Horse Trained to Rear
Kicking at Command of Instructor
A Playful Mount
us; but outdoor life has made many advances in France in
the last few years, and, in one form or another, it is becom-
ing more and more popular every day.
The training of cavalry officers in horseback riding, while
having many of the apparent qualities of outdoor sport, is
really a very serious affair, viewed from the French stand-
point. If their riders practise high jumps, teach their horses
to stand erect on their hind legs and vault over a dinner
table or an open carriage, these exercises are indulged in not
for the pleasure they give the
riders, but to accustom them to
unusual conditions and to train
their horses to unusual acts. The
Frenchman is keenly alive to the
improbable; he is constantly ex-
pecting the unexpected, albeit
always surprised when it hap-
pens. His military experiences
in foreign lands, toward which
much of French military training
is directed, has taught him that
it is the unexpected and the un-
usual that counts in the long run,
and his severest defeats have
been sustained when he has not
been so prepared. For many
years, certainly since the Franco-
Prussian war, French military
-training has been looking toward foreign possibilities.
Their soldiers have been trained in most difficult tasks and
subjected to many hardships, that their training may be
the more perfect. The varied typography of France readily
lends itself to such exercises, and perhaps makes them neces-
sary for matters of internal defense. The equestrian training
at Saumur is but one phase of French soldier life, illustrating
the extreme care with which its officers and men are trained.
Jumping Over a Victoria
184 AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
September, 1905
Harvard's Botanic Garden
By Mary Caroline Crawford
HAT increasing army of pilgrims who each
summer return to New England to enjoy
the delightful excursions for which Boston
offers a natural geographical center will,
this year especially, wish to include in their
itinerary a day at the Harvard Botanic Gar-
den, inasmuch as 1905 marked the centenary of this noble
institution’s conception. The occasion is full of interest, not
only as an anniversary, but also as an illustration of the slow
growth of that love for nature and gardening which has
now attained such imposing proportions among us.
The beginning of the garden idea in connection with a
college dates back considerably more than a century. Over
through his Consul-General at New York, ‘ to furnish such
a garden with every species of seed and plants which may be
requested from his royal garden at his own expense,”’ his offer
was respectfully declined—and for twenty years more the
project slumbered.
On the first day of March, 1805, however, we find the
books of the Harvard Corporation recording “a plan for a
professorship of Botany and Entomology in the University,”
which was communicated and read to a number of sub-
scribers to a fund for that purpose. At subsequent meetings |
the proposed statutes and regulations were discussed, and on
March 28 these were adopted. After the induction of Pro-
fessor Peck into the first chair of Natural History ever
tne
4 SOS, Cems dn. ‘
ne YA ore ey 7 . 4
Pie LE WARNE SAA a RI ESS IA
Prof. Asa Gray’s House and Herbarium
two hundred and thirty years ago, indeed, Leonard Hoar,
then president of Harvard, wrote as follows to the phi-
losopher Robert Boyle, respecting a botanic garden: ‘“‘ A
large, well-sheltered garden and orchard for students ad-
dicted to planting are in our design for the stu-
dents to spend their times of recreation in them; for reading
or notions only are but husky provender.”’
The Botanic Garden did not then become a reality, how-
ever. It was almost another century, in fact, before any-
thing more was done about the matter. In 1784 the General
Court of Massachusetts was asked by the Corporation of
Harvard College to aid in founding such a garden. But the
State was impoverished after the long and exhausting War
of Independence, and though the king of France offered,
established in an American college, and the inaugural oration
in English which accompanied the ceremony, “ they sat down
to a decent dinner in the Hall,” declares the minutes.
Dr. Peck addressed himself heartily to the task of laying
out the Garden. Wishing to have an acquaintance with the
most noted European parks in order to serve his charge to
the best advantage, he immediately went abroad for a tour
of travel and observation. By 1808, however, he was back
in Cambridge building a greenhouse (on the site which had
been purchased through the subscription and by the means of
a grant from the State of wild lands in Maine), and arrang-
ing for his initial lectures in natural history. There were at
first small classes and scanty returns from the Garden. The
story of those pioneer years is indeed one of constant struggle.
September, 1905
A Small Section of the Garden
The original subscribers seem to have assumed no responsi-
bility to sustain the noble enterprise they had founded, and
no means were at hand for the adequate support of the work.
The manner of supplying the Garden with new specimens
was admirably simple and neighborly: Cambridge gentlemen
having greenhouses presented the Garden with new plants
‘as they happened to acquire them.”’ Living exotic plants
could then be purchased by applying to the gardener, and
the meager receipts were further increased by a charge of
twenty-five cents levied upon each visitor. ‘‘ Strangers of dis-
tinction, clergymen and those connected with Harvard ” seem
to have been the only people admitted gratis in the early days.
After Professor Peck’s death, in 1822, funds were at such
low ebb that his chair was allowed to remain vacant. But
this interregnum period is by no means barren of interest,
inasmuch as Thomas Nuttall,
the distinguished botanist,
who had been several years
in the country, was appointed
curator of the Garden, and
gave such instruction in nat-
ural history as was at that
time demanded. Nuttall was
a good deal of a “ char-
acter.” In England he had
been a compositor in a print-
ing office; but, a passion for
travel having seized him, he
abandoned this peaceful oc-
cupation and came to Amer-
ica to explore the sources of
the Missouri and the Ar-
kansas. Captured in Phila-
delphia by Boston friends,
Nuttall was brought on and
established in Cambridge,
where he remained for sey-
eral years, troubling himself
little with students, but
doing a valuable service to
natural history, nevertheless,
through his ‘‘ Manual of the
Ornithology of the United
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 185
States,” a work remarkable
for the close knowledge it
reflects of the habits, man-
ners and afhnities of our
birds. The preface to this
book is generally admitted to
be one of the most admirable
essays in the literature of
ornithology—a_ classic for
which Boston may _ well
enough claim the credit, inas-
much as the book was incited
by Mr. James Brown, who
was one of the founders of
the Boston publishing firm
of Littl & Brown. Mr.
Brown was himself a lover
of ornithology and a good
friend of Nuttall. Evi-
dently he was one of the few
whom the naturalist per-
mitted to share in his hermit-
like life. So desirous was
Nuttall indeed of avoiding
his fellow creatures, that he
never used the stairs of his
house adjoining the garden,
but reached his sleeping apartments by means of a trap-door
and stepladder. A panel hung on hinges in the door which
connected with the kitchen served for the passage back and
forth of a tray upon which his daily food was handed
through.
After ten quiet years in Cambridge, Nuttall was seized
by another attack of his old Wanderlust, and departed sud-
denly for the Sandwich Islands, returning by way of the
Cape of Good Hope in the vessel which had for one of its
crew the author of ‘“‘ Two Years Before the Mast.” After
a sojourn in Philadelphia, the eccentric naturalist went back
to live and die in England. He had been here long enough,
however, to do a great work for ornithology and to supply
Cooper with the Dr. Battius of his prairie life novel. Nut-
tall is further interesting as the precursor of Ernest Thomp-
The Palm Houses
186 AMERICAN HOMES
son Seton, who hunts without powder. It is related of him
by Ernest Ingersoll, the naturalist, that once, when guns
were called into sudden requisition during a journey across
the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall’s fowling-piece was found
stuffed to the muzzle with bulbs of new species.
Not until 1842, when Dr. Joshua Fisher, of Beverly,
Mass., a Harvard man of the class of 1766, endowed a
professorship of natural history, to which Dr. Asa Gray was
promptly called, did an era of prosperity dawn for the Bo-
tanic Garden. Dr. Gray was then only thirty-two years old,
One End of the Virgil Garden
but already he had attained marked distinction in his chosen
branch of knowledge. From the first year of his coming to
the college a glowing interest in botany developed among
the students. Quarters had to be enlarged, courses extended
and the corps of workers for the Garden increased. Un-
fortunately, though, there was no corresponding augmenta-
tion of the endowment. Only Dr. Gray could have kept
the enterprise going with such inadequate funds as were at
his disposal. By the expenditure of untiring energy, how-
ever, this very able curator enriched the display by large
numbers of native and foreign plants, and soon caused the
Garden to become the recipient of the newer treasures coming
from the West and Southwest. Dr. Gray was wont to place
in nooks not easily accessible to the public the rarer plants,
which have since become the common property of horticul-
ture, and in this way he introduced some of the choicest
novelties.
No worthy branch of Harvard University seems to have
suffered more, first and last, for lack of support, than the
Botanic Garden. About 1860 it became a serious question,
indeed, whether all operations there should not cease. At
this critical period, however, a subscription of $1,500 a year
for three years was raised through the exertions of Dr.
George Hayward, to give temporary relief, and in 1864
Nathaniel Thayer gave a building for the invaluable Her-
barium, comprising over two hundred thousand plants, and
the library of twenty-two hundred botanical works (includ-
ing an autographed copy of Goethe’s ‘‘ Metamorphosis of
Plants’), presented to the University by Dr. Gray. In
1871 H. H. Hunnewell added a lecture-room. Money for
running expenses was still lacking, however; and from 1872
Dr. Gray had no salary but his house rent, and personally
bore the expense of a curator for the Herbarium which he
had presented to the college. During these latter years,
though, the professor had no classes, but devoted his entire
AND GARDENS September, 1905
time to the completion, in the sunny study which adjoins the
Herbarium, of his long-delayed “ Flora.”
The classes had meanwhile been placed in the hands of
Prof. George L. Goodale, who is still at the head of
this department at the college, and who is also now the
curator of the Garden. In the twelve years between Dr.
Gray’s relinquishment of the active duties of the curatorship
and Dr. Goodale’s assumption of them, Prof. Charles
Sprague Sargent was in charge of things, at the corner of
Linnaean and Raymond Streets, Cambridge, and it is to his
skill and to the increased funds resulting from a vigorously
conducted subscription canvass that the Garden owes much
of its present attractiveness. “The distribution of species was
changed at this period, and many improvements, which
poverty had hitherto forbidden, were successfully introduced.
For inspection the Garden may be conveniently divided
into the upper level and the area below the terrace, where the
natural order of flowering plants and the genera of ferns
and their allies are arranged in formal beds, so disposed as
to exhibit many of the affinities of the families. Here, too,
are special beds devoted to groups of plants of particular
interest—such as those mentioned by seventeenth century
writers, and those celebrated by Virgil and Shakespeare.
The Shakespeare garden is the most interesting spot in
the estate’s whole seven acres, not only on its own account,
but also for the suggestion it offers to private garden makers.
At this time of the year the marigold is particularly con-
spicuous among its flowers of long and distinguished lineage.
Perdita says:
“The marigold that goes to bed with the sun
And with him rises weeping; these are the flowers
Of middle summer.”
Strolling farther along the grass-bordered walk, away
from the greenhouses, that alluring trio, mint, balm and
savory, are found, all of which are attractive plants, though
not in bloom in the late summer. The gardener here will teil
you that savory is not named from its qualities of taste or
savor, but is a corruption of the old Italian name—savo-
reggia. The marjoram—mentioned in the lines—
“ Here’s flowers for you,
Hot lavender, mint, savory, marjoram ’’—
is not, however, to be found in the Shakespeare bed, but just
across the way in the Virgil garden. Here also is the rose-
mary, so well remembered by Ophelia’s mad lines, ‘‘ There’s
rosemary that’s for remembrance; pray, love, remember,”’
and by its homely property, the keeping moths out of old-
time clothes chests.
The violet, the rose, the columbine, the primrose, the
poppy, the pinks and the pansies, all so well known, most of
which are so often mentioned by Shakespeare, and all of
which have for us deep and tender associations, are ap-
propriately included in the parterres of this Shakespeare gar-
den. ‘The rose is mentioned by Shakespeare more often than
any other plant. He speaks of at least eight varieties—par-
ticularly, of course, of the white and red, made famous by
the rival wars of York and Lancaster, in the so-called his-
torical plays, and of the damask, which, originally taken
by the Crusaders from Damascus, was brought to England
by Dr. Linaker, physician to King Henry VII. ‘The English
daisy, too, is here, though now past its prime, being a flower
of spring, the same as the violet, spoken of by Shakespeare
in the ‘‘ Spring Song” from “‘ Love’s Labor’s Lost ”’:
“When Daisies pied and Violets blue,
And Lady-smocks all silver white,
And Cuckoo Buds of yellow hue
Do paint the meadows with delight.”
September, 1905
In this garden one may find not only plants pretty in
blossom, but the more modest species which are useful as
food or from which medicine was brewed for the ailments
of the sixteenth century: barley, various species of beans, the
bramble with its seed-laden berries—to which Falstaft refers
in his rant, ‘‘ Give you a reason on compulsion—if reasons
were as plentiful as blackberries, [ would give no man a
reason on compulsion ’’; flax, with seeds that were made into
healing poultices for medieval as well as modern sore backs;
oats, and the climbing vetches, which are thought by some
scholars to be the tares mentioned in the parable of the
sower. Shakespeare speaks of a number of these grains in
“The Tempest,” where Iris addresses Ceres:
“Most bounteous lady, thy rich leas
Of wheat, rye, barley, vetches, oats and peas.”
There is also the tart rhubarb, which the great poet men-
tions as a purgative drug, but which, in Elizabethan times,
probably had no culinary use, together with its botanical
cousin, the dock, spoken of by Burgundy in ‘“ Henry V.,”
and the hardy leek and tearful onion. The qualities of
these last as food were evidently appreciated by Shakespeare,
for Bottom is made to say to his fellows: ‘‘ And most
dear actors eat no onions nor garlic, for we are to utter
sweet breaths.”
In the shade of the trees which line the western edge of the
Shakespeare garden grows the “ cold lettuce ’’ and the hyssop
—both referred to by Iago in his famous metaphor of the
human body and the garden—the former plant noted for its
narcotic qualities, the latter for its part in the cruelties of the
Crucifixion. Near by grows our American potato. It is
interesting to note that almost the earliest mention of pota-
toes, after their introduction from Virginia into Ireland in
1584 by Sir Walter Raleigh, is made by Falstaff in “‘ The
Merry Wives of Windsor,” where he says: ‘“‘ Let the sky
rain potatoes; let it thunder to the tune of green sleeves.”
In this same bed is the familiar radish, considered by the
Elizabethans as a preventive of snake bites; the plantain, to
which great medicinal properties were attributed; the old
spicy mustard, the poisonous aconitum, which Shakespeare
compares in deadly qualities to the ‘‘ rash gunpowder,” and
the parsley, which recalls the speech of Biondello in ‘“‘ The
Taming of the Shrew.” ‘“‘ I knew a wench,”’ says he, ‘‘ mar-
ried in an afternoon as she went to the garden for parsley to
stuff a rabbit ’—showing that this universal herb was used
as a garnish as far back as the time of the Armada and the
Globe Theater.
The ivy, which ordinarily ‘“‘ enrings the barky fingers of
the elm,” and pervades all romantic literature, seems to have
been only a vicious parasite to Shakespeare’s mind. In several
passages he refers to it in the same spirit as in the “‘ Comedy
of Errors,” where it is called ‘“‘ usurping,’ and again
in “‘ The Tempest,” as “‘ The Ivy, which had hid my princely
trunk, and sucked the verdure out on’t.”
What with this interesting classical department (started
five years ago by Professor Goodale), the Virgil garden, the
seventeenth century plants of Parkinson and the native
species, it ought to be very easy to develop a knowledge of
horticulture or to study botany in Cambridge. After a
woodland search one has only to bring the treasures here
and find their names, not by picking the pretty blossoms to
pieces and laboriously searching among the dry technicalities
of a dusty volume to find their genus and species, but by
comparison with the blossom’s living brethren. People have
begun to find this out, too, and now they come as early as
February to see the roses, cyclamens and cinerarias, then in
bloom under glass.
The Garden is never quite bare. From earliest spring to
late autumn something is blossoming. In March there are
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 187
snowdrops and crocuses in sheltered places near the green-
houses; in April the hardy perennials begin to appear; and
from then on, of course, there is a wealth of color and
fragrance here to be enjoyed. Beside each growth is thrust
into the ground a little tablet containing the scientific and
common names of the plant and its habitat. The visitor may
even pluck up this record for more convenient reading, if
only he takes care to put it back in its proper place.
Among the most constant visitors to the Botanic Garden
are children, who have become familiar with many of
the common flowers through their kindergarten instruction.
These little folk make a very pretty picture in their bright
cotton dresses, as they march two and two along the green-
bordered paths. Yet when all is said it is the people who
most enjoy the treasures of this unique spot. Though Harry
and Harriet may not be able to quote verses to illustrate
the Shakespeare specimens, they appreciate thoroughly the
privilege of being permitted to wander at will over the
grounds and through the greenhouses. Often four hundred
The Great Auclers and the Beech Hedge
visitors come to the Garden of a Sunday afternoon. It is the
one Harvard department which is “ popular.”’
The greenhouses of the Botanic Garden make very little
pretense of architectural glory, but regulations for preservy-
ing the proper temperature are on the most approved plan,
and the arrangement of the specimens is capital. The gaudy
ornaments of the florist’s shop, azaleas, camellias, carnation
pinks and the like, may perhaps be missed, but there are
hundreds of things here not to be found in other greenhouses
and of distinct interest. The cacti, for instance, are truly
extraordinary. Their blossoms, you note, are out of all pro-
portion to the size of the plant. A miserable little thing has
a flower some eight inches long, while an American cactus,
which would weigh three hundred pounds, shows only a
shy half-inch bloom.
The division given over to economic plants excites great
popular interest at all times.
188
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS September, 1905
The Household
Household Decoration: The Man or the Woman—Which?
S THE man or the woman the better qualified
to design and arrange the matters commonly
included under the head of household deco-
ration? The question is, perhaps, some-
what academic, since in practical affairs it
is not always the person who is best quali-
fied to perform the work who obtains it, but the person who
gets the job. Yet the matter has some aspects which deserve
a brief consideration.
The plea of the woman as the household decorator by tem-
perament, understanding and general fitness is somewhat
urgent. It is quite apparent why this should be so. Women
live more in houses than men do; that is to say, the average
woman passes more of her time within her house than the
average man. The woman’s aftairs are, moreover, house-
hold affairs. She conducts the house; she keeps it in order;
she arranges the furniture and the decoration; she chooses
the bric-a-brac; she selects the colors; most of the objects
within the house belong to her or have been personally ac-
quired by her. If there is labor or thought involved in any
of these things she gives it gladly and naturally. The home
is her kingdom, where she reigns supreme—or tries to, which
is possibly the same thing.
Her claim to be the household decorator par excellence
rests on these things and on what she regards as a natural
intuition to do just what is right, and in the right way, in
such matters. It is a claim that can not be roughly pushed
to one side. Women are concerned with household affairs,
and have more or less taste in such matters, but so few women
are born household decorators that much study and training
are necessary to properly equip one for such work.
This immediately clears up the whole situation. It is not
whether a person be a man or a woman that makes him or
her a competent household decorator, but the mental equip-
ment that has been gained for such work. It is not sex that
counts, but training. It is not a smattering of knowledge,
but a great deal of it. It is not intuition—although that
often helps, and helps vastly—but downright hard work that
has given the decorator adequate knowledge, trained and
cultivated his or her taste, and, in many ways, given adequate
preparation for the work to be done.
The time has long since passed when women should com-
pete for work because they are women. It is true enough
that some women may do better work than some men, but
in the fierce competition that now surrounds every occupa-
tion of life the question as to whether the laborer is a man
or a woman counts, in most cases, for very little.
The house owner, about to decorate and furnish his new
house, need not therefore ask himself if his decorator shall
be a man or a woman. The single problem, and the only
one to be considered, is whether the candidate for the work
is competent. If he regards a woman as likely to be more
competent than a man, obviously the woman will get the job,
and if she is competent she will give entire satisfaction. If
a man seems the better craftsman to employ he will assume
the work and await the judgment of his employer as to what
satisfaction he may have given.
It is the workman that counts, not sex, and not nationality.
Household Charm
HovusEHOLD charm is the most precious of all household
qualities. It is an indefinable, elusive, delicate quality that
perhaps every householder seeks to have, and which every
one ought to wish to give to his house. It is a quality not
measured by cost, for, as a matter of fact, it is quite inde-
pendent of cost. Many costly houses, on which great sums
of money have been expended, are entirely without charm;
while many inexpensive dwellings are thoroughly charming
in every way.
Do not, however, make the mistake of imagining that
charm only obtains in low cost houses and low cost rooms.
The comparatively inexpensive room on which thought and
care, love and interest, have been lavished is more apt to be
attractive than a high priced room simply because all these
things have gone into its furnishing and arrangement. Richly
furnished rooms can be as thoroughly charming as those
furnished at less cost, but their charm will be of a different
nature, since it will be produced by different materials and
in a different way.
The whole question harks back to one of taste and in-
terest. If one has good taste, or consults with a person of
good taste, the results are more than likely to be interesting
and satisfying. And with good taste must go a complete
and very real interest in the work in hand. One must not
only know how to decorate, furnish and arrange a room, but
one must be deeply interested in the work in hand.
It is, perhaps, because of this, more than from any other
reason, that the room of more moderate cost is more likely to
be charming and delightful than the one in which price has
not been considered. The man or woman of good taste who is
about to furnish a house will carefully consider every item
of expenditure if the money is to be counted and made to go
as far as it can. With ample means there is likely to be a per-
sonal indifference to such things. There is always the possi-
bility and the ability of changing a room, of rejecting its or-
naments if one wearies of them, of altering the color and of
moving things about without regard to the money they have
cost. Carelessness is engendered, and real, definite personal
charm in a room entirely disappears.
The charming room is the personal room, the room that
gives evidence of personal care and thought, in which every
object seems to have personal merit, in which the color
scheme, the walls, the curtains, the carpet or rugs give evi-
dence, as they are thoroughly capable of giving, of personal
selection and value. It is thought that produces results in
room arrangement, exactly as it brings results in other things ;
and unless a room gives evidence of thoughtful care, of in-
telligent study, of manifest intent to produce a harmonious
interior, it can have no charm, and, at the most, will have
only interest of a comparatively slight amount.
But the effort given to one room must be applied to the
whole house. It is a good thing to have one charming room,
but the owner who has produced such a masterpiece will not
remain content with one achievement. One good room im-
plies many good rooms, and many good rooms mean a good
house, a house not good in parts alone, but good as an entity.
This means, therefore, that the whole house must be con-
sidered as a single whole.
September, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
189
Civic Betterment
Ways to Help: The Body Politic
FTER the individual the organization; after
the organization the body politic. The suc-
cession is logical and right. And just as the
organization can do more than the indi-
vidual, so the body politic can accomplish
2 more than either. For by the body politic
is meant the governing body. Its importance in all work for
civic betterment is very obvious. Civic betterment means
public betterment, the improvement of a neighborhood or a
whole city or town. Such work can not be done by the indi-
vidual citizen, nor by the mere aggregation of individuals;
it requires definite civic authority in the accomplishment of
results, and in most instances it needs the wealth of the
public purse in bringing about adequate reforms.
The body politic is, therefore, the most important factor in
all work of a public nature. It could, were it so minded, ac-
complish every possible civic betterment that is good that
comes before it. It has direct charge of sanitation; it con-
trols the streets; it fixes the building laws; it can do every-
thing but instil good taste into the minds of citizens who do
not know what this means, and who, even when its purpose
is made plain to them, are calmly and deliberately indifferent.
But the average body politic does not accomplish public
betterments of its own volition. Governmental bodies do not
do things merely because they are worth doing. They move
in a slow and deliberate way; they will balk at cost, and they
will hem and haw at expense; they will hesitate at doing just
a little more, when often enough it is that additional fraction
which will do the most of all.
The body politic, however, must be brought into the work
of civic betterment. It not only can not be ignored, but it
ce
must be consulted at every step, its permission obtained, its
approval solicited. The public-spirited citizen can not make
a contribution to the betterment of his town without first ob-
taining the approval and consent of the city fathers.
It is obvious that the chief work to be done here is one
of education. If the governing body does not understand
civic betterment nor appreciate it, it must be taught to do so.
We get back, therefore, to the individual and the organiza-
tion, for both these forces must labor with the governing
body, labor night and day, in season and out, if permanent
results are to be obtained.
The work the body politic has to do in civic betterment is
becoming more and more appreciated, and is yearly bringing
fruitful results. Comprehensive schemes for the improve-
ment of an entire city have already been brought forward in
many localities, and while the direct results as yet assured are
small, the first essential steps have been taken. Plans pro-
posed for Washington, New York, Cleveland and other
cities have aroused great public interest, not only among the
individual citizens, but among the governing authorities.
Whether realized or not, these plans are indicative of good,
and point to something accomplished. ‘They mean the body
politic is being aroused, that statesmen whose time was for-
merly concerned with the granting of railroad franchises and
the renaming of streets are looking toward public art. They
mean a positive and great extension of the movement for
civic betterment, for they mean that the last of the three
great elements which must help in this work has awakened
to its value. This at least was necessary before anything
could be accomplished. The next step will be realization.
This is the end of all movements for civic betterment.
Is the Billboard to Go ?
Why should it remain? This is the more pertinent ques-
tion, and one much more difficult to answer than the more
general one as to whether the billboard shall go. The argu-
ments for the retention of the billboard are of the weakest
possible sort. Its single merit is its obtrusiveness. If it did
not catch the eye it would have no commercial value, and if
it had no commercial value it would quickly disappear.
The billboard is, of course, an advertising proposition, and
all advertising propositions depend on their commercial value.
If it did not pay to advertise no one would do so, and the
very great use of the billboard as an advertising medium is
fine testimony to its paying qualities, or to the eloquence with
which its merits are presented by its advocates.
The commercial value of the billboard depends on its
conspicuousness. No one ever sees a billboard in a back alley
or in spots remote from where people congregate. They
flourish in the conspicuous places, and they flourish conspicu-
ously, with vast signs, glaring colors, “‘ taking ”’ designs, with
all the showy eye-catching devices that advertising ingenuity
can suggest and advertising experience propose.
Now, the real value of this overwhelming display to the
community is very small. There are less obtrusive ways of
bringing one’s wares before the public than in painting them
on a fence or in thrusting them into the foreground of a
beautiful scene. The advertiser deprived of his billboard is
not pushed out of business, but has simply to find other means,
and less offensive means, of reaching the public.
For the billboard is offensive, glaring, staring, horrible.
Individually a specific advertisement may have merit, and
great merit—may, indeed, be a genuine artistic effort; but
taking the billboard as a mass it is a studied offense to good
taste, flourishing mostly where it is not needed, seen when it
is not wanted to be seen, demanding attention when one
would rather think of other things.
The agitation against the billboard as a municipal dis-
figurement has already reached goodly proportions, and the
campaign is as yet in its infancy. Some efforts, and well
meant efforts, have been made to improve them, partly by
designing the billboard itself and partly by improving the
designs of the signs. Nothing has, however, yet been ac-
complished that amounts to definite and general improve-
ment, and hence it is pertinent to inquire if the billboard
is to go?
One of the most obvious steps in municipal betterment is
to do away with unnecessary, unsightly objects. The bill-
board has been unsightly so long that many people regard it
as permanently evil. At all events, it is clear that if it is to
remain it can only do so under much better conditions than
now obtain, and it must be supported on broader grounds
than the fact that a handsome advertising business has grown
up through its promotion. No business can be successfully
promoted by improper means; the billboard, glaring and star-
ing at every point, approaches the limit beyond which busi-
ness should not go. Its misfortune has been injudicious use.
190
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS September, 1905
The Observer's Note-Book
‘Ghost Flowers”
HE OBSERVER often wonders at the sug-
gestions put forth for household decoration
and adornment. So many people want some-
thing “‘new” or “novel” that the very
strangest ideas are brought forth for the
; instruction of the uninitiated. It is true that
many of these ideas are neither new nor novel; but very an-
cient suggestions are often brought forward, dressed up
afresh and served to a startled world as the very latest of
late things. Now here is Mrs. Candace Wheeler, who ought
to know how to arrange and decorate a house as well as
anybody, coming forth with an earnest plea for—of all
things in the world—the seed globe of the dandelion flower!
It is a theme worthy of the deepest eloquence. Every
one knows the inherent charm of the dandelion flower, of
the ravishing beauty of its golden color, that brilliant testi-
mony to the arrival of spring! Every one knows the great
economic value of its twisted stems in the hands of very
young children, although not every one is aware of the deli-
cate salad that may be made from its leaves. Every one
knows, also, of the graceful form of its seed globe, and the
wonderful means that Nature has taken for the reproduction
of a plant which, given a flower of real grace, has no apparent
object in its growth. All these matters have been known to
all men and women for lo, these many years. But Mrs.
Wheeler does not regard that as sufficient. ‘There is, she
thinks, beauty in the seed globe of which most people are
unaware, and she puts herself forward as the high priestess
of the dandelion seed in a few sentences that scintillate with
brilliant suggestion.
The Observer gives way, and begs she will speak for her-
The
self. ‘‘ Nothing in plant nature,’’ she says, “ is more beau-
tiful, more ethereal, more delicately suggestive of spiritual
existence in the blossom world, than a fully developed seed
globe of the dandelion flower. One thinks of it as a plant
aspiration, a floating flower thought, something that stands
before the vanishing point of matter.
‘If these tender manifestations are carefully transported
to the house and placed in water they will continue for days,
waiting for the delayed air current which should waft them
to some sheltered bit of earth where they may lie until time
and golden weather combine to start them upon a new stage
of existence. ‘Ten or twenty of these winged things gathered
into a tall Venetian glass surrounded by newly grown maiden-
hair ferns will give one a new ideal of refinement in flower
arrangement. Of course, the ferns are sure to shrivel and
curl before many hours are over, and will require several
renewals, but the dandelion ghosts will stand bravely on
until their lengthened days are numbered.”’
This is very nicely put. It is a practical suggestion in
household decoration which any suburbanite may avail her-
self of, encased in graceful diction, and written in a very
charming and polished manner. It is a household decoration
that gives no trouble, for the seed globe may be plucked
from any roadside, or even gathered from the center of a
cherished lawn. ‘The dandelion requires no cultivation, but
grows with such persistency that a particularly large choice
specimen that has been uprooted from a conspicuous spot
often seems growing with renewed vigor the next day after.
Mrs. Wheeler is a woman of many ideas, but was there any
real necessity for singing the praises of the dandelion, its
flower and its seed?
Garden
The Garden Month by Month—September
WJHE first of September finds the flower garden
in full swing of late summer and early fall
blooming. It is gay with color and rich in
the thick, strong foliage of the summer’s
growth. Save for the completeness of the
maturity there is no hint of impending
The climax toward which all the summer’s labor
nae
has been directed seems to have been reached. The breath-
ing spell in work that came with August seems likely to be
continued indefinitely.
Yet September is one of the busiest months in the year.
It is the month of preparation for the fall and winter; not, as
yet, in clearing up and in putting away, but in busy effort for
the house plants for the winter. Some of these will have
been started as far back as the end of June, when the roses
for winter blooming will have been planted in the-green-
houses, and which will have made excellent progress by early
September. But there are many plants which now require
attention, and the amateur gardener will find September one
of the most active of months.
All sorts of things must be done, and many of them
quickly. ‘The warm days of early fall are delusive, especially
in the North, where frosts are liable to arrive any time after
the middle of the month, and with no previous notice. All
plants for the winter window garden must be early put into
pots and in place before the fires are started, in order that
they may become accustomed to new conditions of growth.
This is, perhaps, the first thing to be done, and it can hardly
be begun too early. Very early, also, must the chrysanthe-
mums be lifted, first cutting around them with a sharp spade
a week or so before taking them out. Fertilizer should not
be applied to these plants until they have begun to grow;
afterward it should be applied twice a week.
The great work of September is concerned with bulbs.
The beds should be prepared early, and be well made, with |
ample allowance of old cow manure. The best bulbs should
be reserved for house growth. They should invariably be
purchased as early as possible in order to obtain the best stock.
Roman hyacinths, crocus and madonna lilies should be
planted early. All bulbs should be well covered; a foot
at least of leaves, litter straw and the like is none too much.
A variety of other plants now require attention. Hy-
drangeas should be cut back after blooming, and growth
encouraged in every way. Each stalk or stem means a new
flower next year if the plant is in good condition. Azaleas
should be taken into the house before frost threatens.
Pansies, hollyhocks and other perennials grown from late
sowings should be replanted in permanent positions. The
sowing of pansy seeds must no longer be delayed, if it has
not been done before, which would have been better. Dor-
mant callas should now be started into growth with enriched
soil and plenty of water.
September, 1905 ANE RGA N LhOMES. AND GARDENS 191
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192 AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
September, 1905
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THE ARCHITECT AND HIS
CHARGES
(Continued from the August Number)
ENGLISH SCHEDULE OF CHARGES—Concludea
4. When several distinct buildings, being
repetitions of one design, are erected at the
same time from a single specification and one
set of drawings and under one contract, the
usual commission is charged on the cost of one
such building, and a modified arrangement
made in respect of the others; but this ar-
rangement does not apply to the reduplication
of parts in one building undertaking, in which
case the full commission is charged on the
total cost.
5. If the architect should have drawn out
the approved design, with plans, elevations,
sections and specification, the charge is two
and one-half per cent. upon the estimated cost.
If he should have procured tenders in ac-
cordance with the instruction of his employer,
the charge is one-half per cent. in addition.
Two and one-half per cent. is charged upon
any works originally included in the contract
or tender, but subsequently omitted in execu-
tion. These charges are exclusive of the
charge for taking out quantities. Preliminary
sketches and interviews, where the drawings
are not further proceeded with, are charged
for according to the trouble involved and time
expended.
6. Should the client, having approved the
design and after the contract drawings have
been prepared, require material alterations to
be made, whether before or after the contract
has been entered into, an extra charge is made
in proportion to the time occupied in such
alterations.
7. The architect is entitled during the prog-
ress of the works to payment by installments
on account at the rate of five per cent. on the
amount of the certificates when granted, or
alternatively on the signing of the contract, to
half the commission on the amount thereof,
and the remainder by installments during their
progress.
8. The charge per day depends upon an
architect’s professional position, the minimum
charge being three guineas.
g. The charge for taking a plan of an estate,
laying it out and arranging for building upon
it, is regulated by the time, skill and trouble
involved.
10. For setting out on an estate the position
of the proposed road or roads, taking levels
and preparing drawings for roads and sewers,
applying for the sanction of local authorities
and supplying all necessary tracings for this
purpose, the charge is two per cent. on the
estimated cost. For subsequently preparing
working drawings and specifications of roads
and sewers, obtaining tenders, supplying one
copy of drawings and specification to the con-
tractor, superintending works, examining and
passing accounts (exclusive of measuring and
valuing extras and omissions), the charge is
four per cent. on the cost of the works ex-
ecuted, in addition to the two per cent. pre-
viously mentioned.
11. For letting the several plots in ordinary
cases the charge is a sum not exceeding a whole
year’s ground rent, but in respect of plots of
great value a special arrangement must be
made.
12. For approving plans submitted by the
lessee, and for inspecting the buildings during
their progress, so far as may be necessary to
insure the conditions being fulfilled, and certi-
September, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
193
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Bound Volumes of the Scientific American Building Monthly
Volume IX., January to June, 1890, price $2, has twelve colored plates,
fifty-six illustrations of houses with their plans, and fifteen pages of details
drawn to scale. The houses vary in price from $1,200 to $7,000.
Volume X., July to December, 1890, price $2, has twelve colored plates
beautifully executed, fifty half-tone engravings of houses in both city and
country, and there are fourteen plates of details. Several small churches
are also illustrated. The houses vary in price from $900 to $5,000 and
over.
Volume XI., January to June, 1891, price $2. The volume contains
twelve colored plates of great merit. ‘There are sixty elevations of houses,
churches, stables, carriage houses, accompanied by several plans. One
house in this number cost only $695.00; the other houses range in price
up to $10,000.
Volume XIII., January to June, 1892, price $2. As in the case with
the other volumes, there are twelve colored plates; sixty-two houses
varying in price from $2,800 to $25,000, and a number of chapels and
churches, and also one schoolhouse. This is a particularly interesting
volume,
Volume XIV., July to December, 1892, price $2. The twelve colored
plates of this issue are very attractive. There are fifty-seven elevations of
houses, churches, and stables, each accompanied by a plan giving the sizes
of the rooms. Some city residences are illustrated. One of the houses
illustrated cost $1,000 and one $1,650, and the other houses vary in price.
Volume XV., January to June, 1893, price $2. Twelve colored plates
form an interesting feature of this volume. There are fifty illustrations
and plans of houses, churches, stables, etc. The houses are of all prices,
ranging from those which are comparatively inexpensive to elaborate
residences costing several thousand dollars.
Volame XVL, July to December, 1893, price $2. There are fifty-two
engravings of houses, churches, etc.. and each is accompanied by a plan.
Some of the houses in this volume are as low in price as $600. The
thousand dollar workingman’s home at the World’s Fair is also included
in this volume.
Annual Bound Volumes, $3.50 Each, Postpaid.
X11, and XIV.
| illustrations of houses, including many interiors.
Wecan supply the following volumes :
1393 contains Volumes XV. and XVI.
1897 contains Volumes XXIII. and XXIV.
MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS .. .. ..
Volume XVII., January to June, 1894, price $2. In addition to the
twelve colored plates, there are sixty views of attractive houses from
$2,000 up.
Volume XIX., January to June, 1895, price $2. It has the six highly
artistic covers bound in. There are sixty-six engravings of houses of all
prices, from $2,000 up. One of the most attractive volumes in the series,
Two churches are also included in the volume.
Volume XX., July to December, 1895 price $2. It contains six colored
covers, seventy photographic illustrations of exceedingly fine houses, a
couple of churches, stable and a windmill.
Volume XXI., January to June, inclusive, 1896, price $2. There are
six colored covers, ninety-two engravings made from photographs of
houses taken specially forthe purpose, The illustrations include churches,
libraries and other buildings.
Volume XXII., July to December, 1896, price #2. It includes six
artistic covers showing the actual appearance of the houses as regards
color. There are also one hundred and one exterior and interior views of
modern houses, from $1,950 up. City houses, c.vicucs mausoleums,
etc., are also included.
Volume XXIII., January to June, 1897, price $2. In addition to the
six colored plates there are one hundred and seven interior and exterior
views of the latest types of houses by prominent architects. The miscel-
laneous matter includes a village hall, several libraries, a gate lodge,
schools, hospital, etc.
Volume XXIV., July to December, 1897, price $2. It includ-3 six
attractive colored plates. There are one bandred and four phe.vgraphic
A considezable number
of public buildings are also illustrated.
Volume XXVI., July to December, 1898, price $2. Nearly a hundred
large scale illustrations of the exteriors and interiors of modern houses will
be found in this volume. There are also clubhouses, gate lodges, etc.
There are many examples of foreign architecture scattered through the
book, and sculpture is not neglected.
1890 contains Volumes IX. and X.
1895 contains Volumes XIX. and XX.
Volume XXX., July to December, 1900, price $2. The colored plates
are particularly fine, and the half-tone illustrations of houses and interiors
are very artistic. The literary contents and the drawings of details add to
the value of this volume.
Volume XXXII., July to December, 1901, price $2. Six covers in tint
and more than two hundred illustrations of houses, interiors, details, gar-
dens. etc. The editorial discussions, notes, comments, departments, and
““Talks with Architects”? cover a wide range of topics and make this
volume of permanent interest and value.
Volume XXXIIL., January to June, 1902, price $2. Six covers in tintand
more than two hundred illustrations with plans form the illustrative features
of this volume. Six well-known architects contribute timely “* Talks”? on
important architectural problems of the day. The editorial and literary
departments are up to the highest standard of usefulness and interest.
Volume XXXVL., July to December, 1903, price 52. Six tinted covers
and two hundred and seventy-two illustrations, many of unusual size.
Special attention has been given in this volume to large American estates.
‘The variety of contents continues to make the BUILDING MONTHLY the
most valuable periodical of its kind.
Volume XXXVII., January to June, 1904, price $2. Six tinted covers
and three hundred and eleven illustrations, the most richly illustrated
volume of the series. Many notable houses are illustrated and described,
and every effort has been made to make this volume of special value to
every one interested in the building of the home and its adornment.
Volume XXXVIII., July to December, 1904, price $2. Six tinted
covers, two hundred and seventy-two illustrations made from original
photographs taken especially for the BUILDING MONTHLY.
Volume XXXIX., January to June, 1905, price $2. Six covers in tint
and three hundred and eight illustrations. A rich conspectus of interesting
notable houses. Many fine estates are treated with ample fulness. The
discussions of current architectural taemes are of permanent value and of
unusual interest.
We also have architectural books for sale.
we mail free to any address,
Send for a catalogue, whicb
1891 contains Volumes XI. and XII. 1892 contains Volumes
1896 contains Volumes XXI. and XXII.
1904 contains Volumes XXXVII. and XXXVIII
361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY
194 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905
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MUNN & COMPANY, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
fying for lease, the charge is a percentage not
exceeding one and one-quarter per cent. up
to £5,000, and above that by special ar-
rangement.
13. For valuing freehold, copyhold or lease-
hold property the charge is: On £1,000, one
per cent ; thence to £10,000, one-half per
cent.; above £10,000, one-quarter per cent. on
residue. In valuations for mortgage, if an
advance is not made, one-third of the above
scale. “The minimum fee is three guineas.
14. For valuing and negotiating the settle-
ment of claims under the Lands Clauses Con-
solidation Act or other acts for the compulsory
acquisition of property, the charge is on Ryde’s
scale [omitted in this reprint], which is
exclusive of attendances on juries or umpires
or at arbitrations, and also of expenses and
preparation of plans.
15. For estimating dilapidations and fur-
nishing or checking a schedule of same, the
charge is five per cent. on the estimate, but in
no case less than two guineas. For services in
connection with settlement of claim by arbitra-
tion or otherwise, extra charges are made,
under Clause 8.
16. For inspecting, reporting and advising
on the sanitary condition of premises, the
charge must depend on the nature and extent
of the services rendered.
17. In all cases traveling and other out-of-
pocket expenses are paid by the client in addi-
tion to the fees. If the work is at such a dis-
tance as to lead to an exceptional expenditure
of time in traveling, an additional charge may
be made under Clause 8
18. When an architect takes out and sup-
plies to builders quantities on which to form
estimates for executing his designs, he should
do so with the concurrence of his client, and it
is desirable that the architect should be paid
by him rather than by the builder, the cost
of such quantities not being included in the
commission of five per cent.
It will be observed that in the American
schedule the percentage is designated as a
‘“minimum ”’ charge. In the British schedule
we are told that the “ usual remuneration ”
for an architect’s services is a commission of
five per cent. As a matter of fact five per cent.
is the usual charge; an architect who accepts
a commission below this figure commits a
grievous non-professional act which deprives
him of good professional standing, and which
should at once disqualify him from member-
ship in his national professional organization.
How far penalties in such matters are in-
flicted is not generally known.
With such exceptions there is no lessening
of the rate below the set five per cent. The
architects have fought and fought for this
figure for years. [he records of the early
deliberations of the Institutes are strewn with
endless discussions of the necessity for five per
cent., and with countless arguments why no
lesser sum should be charged. ‘There is not
so much discussion on this point now as for-
merly, because the moderateness—the compara-
tive moderateness—of the charge has been
universally recognized. At the present mo-
ment there is a lull in the discussion; but with
the cost of living advancing, and with higher
charges for everything except street car fares
and boot blacking, it can not be long before
our architectural minds apply themselves to
the noble art of further compensation, and
architects’ fees go up like everything else.
On work of comparatively small cost a
higher rate of compensation is to be expected
and is specificially allowed in the schedule.
The American schedule specifically allows an
September, 1905 AQNViEIweeAN eH OMES AND GARDENS 195
HE almost entire exclusion of the great wealth of hardy plants from American gardens in favor of a few—
hardly a score—of tender ones has so impoverished them of all real beauty as to make them monotonous. In
almost every garden are seen the same stereotyped carpet and ribbon beds, mere lines of color, that are as
unchanging during their season of four months as the patterns of carpet, and that perish entirely with the first
frost. The entire labor and expense is renewed the next season, and the annual outlay is limited only by one’s
willingness or ability to pay. Hardy flowers have all the artistic advantages and all the practical ones as well. Their
first cost being their only cost, and their greatly increasing in size and beauty year after year, make an investment in them
yield an annual dividend of loveliness not to be computed in any ordinary way.
We have seen a garden where early spring is ushered in with myriads of snowdrops, crocuses and _ violets
peeping through the grass, with yellow daffodils and scarlet tulips, with rarest blue of scillas, and with odor of
hyacinths; and later with lilies-of-the-valley, and lilac, and hawthorns, and numerous flowering shrubs. June— the
month of flowers—finds our garden fairly aglow with floral beauty, roses everywhere, in groups, on fences, sprawling
on the grass with their wreaths of loveliness, clambering over bushes, and here and there covering even the tops of
the trees with flowers of pink or white bloom. Not only roses, but monarch poppies, peonies, columbines, early-
flowering clematises and irises in a multitude, and Easter lilies in all their purity, and the grand rhododendrons, second
only to roses, and with them, later, the glorious Auratum lilies showing stately above their rich greens.
With this grand June overture to summer, our garden follows quickly with a succession of Ievely and changing
scenes — of day lilies, hardy pinks, exquisite Japan irises, and a procession of stately lilies, commencing with June
and ending only with frost: of phloxes, hollyhocks — single and double — and clematises with their wreaths and garlands
of purples, pinks and whites: of foxgloves, larkspurs and evening primroses; and our garden, daily, until frost, will have
new attraction.
Arranged with some judgment at first, this garden might be left to take care of itself; time would but add to its
attractions, and the happy owner might go away for years and find it beautiful on his return.
We have gathered together the best collection of hardy plants and bulbs in America, and will send catalogue and
information about hardy gardens on request.
"A Plea for Hardy Plants," by J. Wilkinson Elliott, gives much information about hardy gardens, with plans for
their arrangement. We have made arrangements with the publishers of this book to furnish it to our customers at a very
low price. Particulars will be sent on request.
NURSER®
PIT TSBURC
ae
;
196 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905
GRILLES “oirecr From ractor” MANTELS
NZ BG SS
of Every Description for Walls, Floors, Etc
buys this solid oak Mantel, 80 in. high, 54 or 60 in. wide
28x16 Mirror. Heavy columns and elaborate capitals.
— —— Tile facing and hearth. Club house grate, $10.00,
No. 225—48 x 12 inches, $3.60. Retail value, &7.00 Write for catalog of Mantels, Grates, Tiles for floors
No. 230—48 x 14 inches, with Curtain Pole, $4.50. and baths, Slate Laundry Tubs, Grilles, etc. It is free.
Retail value, $9.00 Or send 10 cents to pay postage on our Art Mantel Cat-
Others from $2.50 up. Largest assortment. Division alog. Mantel Outfits from $12 to $200.
Screens and special Grilles to order W. F. OSTENDORF, 2417 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Uniform Temperature
It makes no difference whether you have furnace, steam or hot water apparatus;
or whether it is new or old. All you need is the
MINNEAPOLIS HEAT REGULATOR.
It automatically controls the drafts. A change of one degree at the thermostat is
sufficient to operate the dampers. This device is as simple and no more expensive than a
good clock. It embodies economy, comfort and health. Has provenits merit for 22 years.
BERWICK, PA., Jan. 17, 1902. CEDAR FALLS, Lowa.
Find enclosed check for regulator. I have givenita Enclosed find draft for the amount due tor regulator.
thorough trial, and find it all you claim for it and a very Iam very much pleased with the regulator, and would
usefuldevice. Thanking you for your courtesy for the not part with it for five times what I paid for it, if1
period ot trial. FRANK FAUST. could not get it otherwise. F. Ek. MILLER,
Ass’t Cashier, Cedar Falls Nutional Bank,
Six years ago I installed one of your regulators in my house, and [ cannot praise it sufficiently. I can safely say
it has saved me two tons of coal each season, and I have always retained an even temperature throughout the
house. FRANK S, SMITH, Secretary Board of Health Warwick, N. Y.
SENT ON 30 DAYS ABSOLUTELY FREE TRIAL.
If not satisfactory in every way, return at our W. R. SWEATT, Secretary,
expense. Writetoday. Booklet free. Ist. Ave. and GSt, Minneapolis, Minn
eaeee — reeeeosony
we
It’s automatic
JohnMackintosh
TO FFE Ee If it's MACKINTOSH’S TOFFEE, it is the delicious old English candy that is
taking America by storm. If it isn’t Mackintosh’s, you don’t want it unless you
want an imitation,
MACKINTOSH’S TOFFEE
THE ORIGINAL OLD ENGLISH CANDY
sold in ten-cent cartons, my name and face on every package.
No, not a chewing candy. You break off a small bit and Jet it dissolve in the mouth.
If your dealer smiles and says he hasn’t got Mackintosh’s, but has an imitation, if you’re genuine you
will, of course, try another dealer. I am always ready to send my Toffee by mail. Send ten cents for
the first size package or $1.60 for a large four-pound family tin, but try your dealer first.
JOHN MACKINTOSH,
Dept. 198, 78 Hudson St., New York
increased cost on work costing less than $10,-
000; the British schedule recommends it on
work costing less than $5,000. ‘The provision
is a reasonable one. Five thousand dollars is
a moderate price for a house, a figure that is
not exceeded by many houses, and five per
cent. on this amounts to but $250, a sum much
too small to cover the work the architect has
to do, without taking into account compensa-
tion for his training and his brains, to say
nothing of his personal taste and skill.
But in buildings of large cost the five per
cent. charge yields a handsome income. On a
building costing $1,000,000 the architect’s fee
would be $50,000. A very prominent prac-
titioner in New York, a man whose work has
been largely, and very largely, in buildings of
great cost, figures that in a building that yields
him a commission of $50,000 his profit would
be half; in other words, he would make clear
and above his expenses the handsome sum of
$25,000. As this particular architect could
build a half dozen or a dozen of such build-
ings in a year, he could readily make a profit
of several hundred thousands of dollars
annually for as many years as the business
could be had.
It is apparent, therefore, that architecture is
a well paid and a highly paid profession. But
only in exceptional instances. “The architec-
tural directories enumerate about five thou-
sand architects engaged in practice in the
United States and Canada. Only a very small
proportion of these gentlemen earn incomes
from their profession which can rightly be
called great. ‘The average earnings of the
average architect are often pitifully small,
and even many in command of good practices
complain of the meagerness of their compensa-
tion and the slightness of their incomes. “The
income to be derived from a practice composed
of building small houses is very insignificant
compared with the effort put forth and the
labor involved, and this is true even if the
architect charge a greatly enhanced percent ige.
In most cases this is not only impossible, but
is simply not done.
It is the erection of important buildings
which brings large fortunes to the architectural
practitioner, great office buildings, splendid
country houses, and important public build-
ings, as a large museum, a city hall or other
civic structure. Work of this description, to
be well handled—and it can be touched in no
other way—requires the labors of a very large
office force. “There are several large archi-
tects’ offices in New York which employ more
than a hundred men, the largest offices in the
country, save perhaps one or two in Chicago.
These men are chiefly draftsmen, and must
be highly skilled in their work. The number
employed varies somewhat from time to time,
according to the work in hand. Sometimes
an effort is made to employ as many of them
continuously as possible, and the best results
can only be had when this is done. In other
instances the men are employed and discharged
as work comes in and is finished, a system that
is necessarily demoralizing to esprit de corps,
but which seems unavoidable unless a very
large line of large work is obtained.
A huge income is needed to keep such a
force busy; moreover, a certain sum must be
set aside for retaining the chief men, the heads
of departments, the most useful members: of
the force, and other indispensable men who
must be retained whether there is work to be
done or not. In view of such contingencies
it is obvious that the two and one-half per cent.
of actual cost allowed by the eminent practi-
tioner above referred to is by no means an
unfair amount, and it might readily fall be-
low the sum needed for office expenses only.
Thus far the discussion has been limited
to the somewhat abstract presentation of the
September, 1905
AMERICAN
HOMES AND GARDENS 197
MANTELS of Quality
Direct from Factory to Consumer
An artistic mantel adds a tone of
luxury and refinementto a room
that is afforded by no other piece
of furniture. When buying itis
well to select from a line that is
designed by the world’s most fa-
mous artists and designers. We
employ the most skilled talent in
every department and are equip-
ped to turn out strictly high-
grade goods, and by making
them in large quantities and sell-
ing ‘‘direct to the consumer.””
we are able to save you from 35%
to 50% on your purchase. Send
10 CENTS IN STAMPS for our
large book entitled “ SCIENCE
OF MANTEL MAKING,” which il-
lustrates 100 up-to-date designs.
Central Mantel Co.
1243 Olive St. St. Louis
RUNNING WATER IN YOUR COUNTRY HOME
[Pumps water by water-power] RIFE AUTOMATIC
HYDRAULIC RAM. No Attention. No Expense. Runs
Continuously. Complete system extending to stable, green-
house, lawn, fountains and formal gardens. Operates under
18 in.to 50 ft. fall. Elevates water 30 ft. for every foot fall
used. Eighty per cent. efficiency developed.
33 Over 4,500 plants in successful operation.
Large plants for towns, institutions, railroad
tanks and irrigation. Catalog & estimates free
RIFE ENGINE CO., 126 Liberty St., N. Y.
A. W. FABER
Manufactory Established 1761
Lead Pencils, Colored Pencils, Slate Pencils,
Writing Slates, Inks, Stationers’ Rubber
Goods, Rulers, Artists’ Colors
78 READE STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.
GRAND PRIZE, Highest Award, PARIS, 1900
Racine Brass & Iron Co.
RACINE, WIS.
Iron, Bronze and Aluminum
Castings for Automobiles
Water Jacket Cylinders a Specialty. Correspondence Solicited
yj
ESN
ld
7“YPEWRITERS
“ALL Makes $1570$.75 -
“GUARANTEED-CATALOGUE FREE
PHILA.TYPEWRITER EXCHANGE
PHILADELPHIASPITT SBURG.
V0
N
Y
WMA
Established S to
a D. Dorendorf Citiy
MANUFACTURER OF
Flag Poles, Copper Weather Vanes
and Special Copper Cable
Lightning Conductors
145 CENTRE ST.,NEW YORK
Take off your Hat to the MY Exes
a? For whether you need-Hand or Power
& C Pumps, Hay Tools Sore Ladders, Gate
Hangers— Ip Fixtures 7
YERS’ are Always Best
Quality and Service is the Myers al
you've always got your money’s worth and @
bargain besides when you buy from
320-Page Catalog with close prices FREE,
Pf. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio
Details of Building
Construction
A cllection of 23 plates of scale drawings with introductory text
By CLARENCE A. MARTIN
Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University
This book is 10 by 12% inches in size, and 2 00
substantially bound in dath. PRICE, °
FOR SALE BY
MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, N. Y. City
Why Not Utilize the Waste Heat for the Drying of the Clothes ?
This Is Accomplished by the Use of the
One Fire Heats Water, Heats Flat Irons,
Boils Clothes, and Dries the Clothes by
what would ordinarily be waste heat.
Substantially constructed of metal
throughout and absolutely fire-proof.
Made in all sizes. No residence or other
institution is complete without this
apparatus. Send for Catalogue.
We also make
Dryers heated by GAS, STEAM and
HOT WATER, suitable for Residences,
Flat Buildings and Public Institutions.
Chicago Clothes Dryer Works
340-342 Wabash Ave., Chicago 134-136 W. 24th St., New York City
G 0 0 K S ror THE ARCHITECT
BUILDER ano STUDENT
1905 Edition of the Architects’ D rectory and
Specification Index.
Containing a list of the Architects, also Land-
scape and Naval Architects in the United States
and Canada; _ List of Architectural Societies;
Specification Index of Manufacturers of and
Dealers in Building Materials. Handsomely
bound in cloth. Price, postpaid............... $2.00
Brickwork ard Masonry.
By Chas. F. Mitchell. A practical text-hook
for students and others engaged in the design
and execution of structures in. brick and
stone. With nearly 600 illustrations. Cloth.
TDS se\hananonodondenon pad bod boAdooodamadaaDao $2.00
Architectural Perspective for Beginners.
Fourth edition, revised. By F. A. Wright, Archi-
tect. Containing eleven large plates and full
‘riptive letter-press. One large quarto, hand-
ely boundin cloth. Price.............. .. $3.00
KS
American Renaissance.
A Review of Domestic Architecture, illustrated
by ninety-six half-tone plates. By Joy Wheeler
Dow, Architect. Handsomely bound in cloth.
Price ene tienes cee eee een eee $4.00
de
ear
Practical Lessons in Architectural Drawing.
Suited to the wants of architectural students,
Building Construction and Superintendence. carpenters, builders, and all desirous of acquir-
7 . 1 hi eae Me ing a thorough knowledge of architectural
PAL ates HEC Gels Herne pun ee drawing and construction. ey Wm. B. Tuthill,
as a Siy 21 pages, 25 ‘ aera 5 NUS : :
trations. Part II—Carpenters’ Work, 4th edition, Be Wy AON CONS OUI, Eth YORE
nN y PIPE eo
544 pages, 524 illustrations. It has been the aim of ClothteePriceserccerceneer ee oacee eee ecee $2.50
the author,in preparing these works, to furnisha
series of books that shall be of practical value to
all who have to do with building operations, and
especially to architects, draughtsmen and build-
ers. Each volume is independent and they are
sold separately. The volumes are large 8vos.
bound in cloth, Price, each..........0s eee eee $4.00
Draughtsman’s Manual; or, How I Can Lear
Architecture.
By F. T. Camp. Containing hints to enquirers
and directionsin draughtsmanship. New revised
and enlarged edition. One small volume. Cloth.
Price ...- 0... 0900855 oon hodoDODEaCaN He -BoDaDHEaCaNE 50
\
cm
Practical Building Construction.
By John Parnell Allen. Designed also asa book
of reference for persons engaged in building.
Fourth edition, revised and enlarged, containing
over 1,000 illustrations. Cloth. Price | postage
QHICONUS) MLC bretelreticectesiclelsicireisiesiienientenciseeien $3.00
Vignola.
Second American Edition. The five orders cf
Architecture, to which are added the Greek
orders, edited and translated by Arthur Lyman
Tuckerman. The volume contains 84 plates,
with descriptive text in English, and will afford
the student a ready reference to the details
of the Greek and Roman orders. One quarto
VOLUN Ce ClOth eeleaTIGSitc-iccisfolstesinicle's oslouci-locels $>.00
The Drainage of Town and Country Houses.
By G. A. T. Middleton, A. R.I. B.A. A text-book
for the use of architects and others, illustrated
by 87 diagrams and six plates showing the drain-
age ofa country house, a terrace,a school and a
town residence,and the bacterial disposal works
of a country mansion, and the septic tank sys-
Bungalows and Country Residences.
) f A series of designs aud examples of executed
tem, with a chapter on sewage disposal works on work by R. A. Briggs, Architect, F. R. I. B. A.
a small scale. One 8vo. Cloth. Price, net... $2.00 Fifth edition, revised and enlarged, containing
47 photo-lithographie and ink-photo plates, many
of which are new in this edition. One quarto.
Clothe ricetccresncwiecescserecnecteeceeccen cess $5.00
Building Construction and Drawing.
Fifth edition, revised and greatly enlarged. A
text-book on the principle and practice of con-
struction. Specially adapted for students in
science and technical schools. _ First stage, or
elementary course. By Chas.F. Mitchell. 3860 pp.
of text, with nearly 950 illustrations. Crown 8vo.
Clothe ricesaemanesicstels sggn GoD aMaouNAD 3000 0Ccu $1.50
Houses for the Country.
A series of designs and examples of executed
works, with plans of each. Illustrated on 4s
plates by R. A. Briggs, Architect. One quarto
VOlUING rs CLOUT TRLICE le. cccciccccceacecceccleces $5.00
LD
Building Construction.
Advanced and honors courses. Third edition,
thoroughly revised and greatly enlarged. By
Charles F. Mitchell. Containing 660 pp. of text,
With 570 illustrations, many being full-page or
double-plates of examples, with constructional
details specially drawn for this edition. C:own
SV.OsmCIOUL SpE DICE eerie acleieeeieistsiencntelelatiniel=is $2.50
‘* Colonial Houses.”’
For modern homes.
desired. Prints, plain col- For sale by the Dry Lic AND. SEMEPUBLIC Use Gonna
ors and tiles in dull, var- Goods Trade and Oil and supervision for new work, 5 per cent.;
; Paar general services and supervision involving alter-
nished and glazed effects. Cloth Dealers. ations, 10 per cent.; special interior work and
cabinet work, 10 per cent.
applied to
DiIsBURSEMENTS — All disbursements for
traveling expenses, measurements, surveys, fées
for expert advice when requested or sanctioned
Standard Table Oil Cloth Co.) [=e
ParTIAL SERVICES—Payments are due as
follows: Preliminary studies, one-fifth of the
1 total commission; preliminary studies, general
320 Broadway, New York City. drawings and specifications, one-half of the
total commission; preliminary studies, general
drawings, details and_ specifications, seven-
tenths of the total commission.
GENERAL PractTicE—Charges are based
upon the entire cost, to the client, of the work
when completed, including all the fixtures nec-
: essary to render it fit for occupancy.
TWO SS LATHS IN. TLS WORLD A 3 0
Until an actual estimate is reached, the
charges are based upon the proposed cost of
the work.
All payments are received as instalments of
the entire fee. When the work is abandoned
or suspended, the payments are due in ac-
cordance with the schedule of partial services.
Supervision means such inspection of the
work by the architects, or their deputy, as is re-
quired in their judgment to ascertain that the
work is being executed according to plans and
specifications, and to determine when the pay-
ments are due.
Continuous personal superintendence can be
secured by the employment of a clerk of the
works, who will be employed by the architects
at the client’s expense. 4
Drawings, as instruments of service, are the
gee) BEGET METAL _ = _ SHIN GLES property of the architects.
Arcurrecrs: Don’t plan your building All dealings between client and contractors
without considering the effect of Cortright 1 should be through the architects.
Shingles. General appearance, lasting satis- ff In all cases not covered by the foregoing
fection aud economy demangit. schedule, the schedule of the American Insti-
CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO., Phila, and Chicago ff tute of Architects shall govern.
aan apes Entirely detached houses outside of New
York city are classed as country practice.
(Continued in October Number)
If You ae to > Build « and want a correct and beautiful house, the opposite of the | s
commonplace, then you should see these books of designs:
COLONIAL HOUSES, designs from $4,200 to $10,000, by express prepaid, $2.00.
COLONIAL HOUSES, designs from $10,000 to $32,000, by express prepaid, $2.00.
A volume containing ALL the designs shown in these two books, and including a selection of the
most attractive houses from all previous issues, has been prepared, by express prepaid, $5.00.
These books show large, correctly drawn perspectives, full floor plans, and complete descriptions,
with estimates of cost. The designs are NEW, ORIGINAL, UNIQUE, CONSISTENT. They
combine beauty of exterior with complete and convenient interiors. If you are at all interested in the
subject you will find these publications valuable. Sketches to carry out your ideas—special plans made.
COMPLETE PLANS FOR ANY OF THE DESIGNS FURNISHED. ADDRESS
E. S. CHILD, Architect, Room 48 60 New Street. NEW YORK
September, 1905 ANLE GAN SHOMES AND GARDENS 199
THE
‘““CHAMPION”
LOCK JOINT
Metal
Shingle
| Inexpensive
Ornamental!
| Durable
ao
MADE BY
6 CO.
1610 E. Fifth St. CANTON, OHIO
Also Makers of
Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Etc.
UR remarkable recent inventions enable us
to offer the public an intensely brilliant,
smokeless gas at much less cost than city
gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and
costing but one-fourth as much as Acetylene.
Most durable and least expensive apparatus to
maintain in effective perpetual operation. Gives
services of lighting, cooking, and heating.
Fullest satisfaction guaranteed, and easy terms
The very apparatus for suburban homes, institu-
tions, etc. We construct special apparatus also for
fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equiv-
alent to city gas at 50 cents per 1,ooo cubic feet, and
made to respond to very large demands, also for
lighting towns, etc.
Cc. M. KEMP MFG. CO.,
BALTIMORE, MD.
Locations for Builders
Throughout the Southwest, especially
in Oklahoma and Indian Territories, Ar-
kansas and Texas, along the line of the
numerous towns and small cities have
sprung up along the many new lines of
the System that have recently been con-
structed, and openings for builders, con-
tractors, architects and manufacturers in
many lines ezist,
Send for a copy of handbook entitled
“ Opportunities.”
MH. Schulter, tnaustriat commissioner
Frisco Building $t. Louis, Mito.
MARSTON’S
HAND AND FOOT POWER
CIRCULAR SAW
l il
eT
We, dl]
( Wy
AY
~ Bm
ri
ih ¥
\ Zz
Ze
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Wh gel itn
: Duwi Lu
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Iron Frame, 36 inches high.
CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED,
with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in,
Stecl shafts and best Rabbitt metal boxcs Boring table and side treadle.
Gears are all machine-cut from solid iron. Weight, complete, 350 Ibs,
Two 7-inch saws and two crank handles with each machine. Send for catalogue.
J. M. Marston & Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass.
Four Trains Daily
between Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati and
the South, via Monon Route and C. H. & D.
Two Trains Daily
between Chicago, Louisville and West Baden
and French Lick Springs.
Three Trains
Chicago to LaFayette.
Parlor Cars on Day Trains, Palace Sleeping
and Compartment Cars on Night Trains.
FRANX J. REED, CHAS. H. ROCKWELL,
Gen. Pass. Agt., Trafic Manager,
CHICAGO,
200
SE.
45a
This Label is
on Genuine
Pantasote
Furniture
Accept no
Substitute
Insist upon
Pantasote
oN
e
Zz
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x
os
=
nan
-
SB
[=]
rm
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4H
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1S a PENAL OFFEW
PAC-SINILE TRADE-MARK LABEL
Leather
IS BEST FOR UPHOLSTERY
YOU CAN’T TELL THE DIFFERENCE
between Pantasote Leather and real leather. Pantasote Leather can be used for every
purpose for which real Jeather isadapted. Pantasote is durable, bright, odorless, easily cleaned,
does not crack, is fireproof, waterproof, and wears and looks like leather in every respect.
PANTASOTE Costs One-Third as much as Real Leather
The great demand for Pantasote has led to the substitution of many inferior imitations.
To protect you against fraud accept no furniture as covered with Pantasote from your dealer or
upholsterer unless it bears our trade-mark label as shown above. Do not accept his ‘Just as
good’’ theory; insist upon Pantasote.
See that the word ““PANTASOTE”’ is embossed on selvage edge of all piece goods.
Pantasote was awarded the Grand Prize and two Gold Medals at’St. Louis.
FOR TRIAL PURPOSES we have for sale four sizes of chair seats, which give you
the amount of upholstery material you want, making the cost very small for new seats for
chairs you may have that need reupholstering. We will send, on receipt of price and name
of uphoisterer, chair seat size 18 x 18 inch, 25c.3 25 x 25 inch, 50c.; 27 x 27 inch, 70¢.;
36 x 36 inch, $1.00.
Upon application, will send our catalogue showing
material in the different colors in which it is made.
THE PANTASOTE COMPANY
Dept. Six, 11 Broadway, New York
ae Your New Home
is going to be “‘just right” if you can make it so. Do you know that nothing adds so
much to the appearance of a building as artistic hardware? You must have hardware of
some kind; the beautiful kind —
Sargent’s c Artistic Hardware
increases the attractiveness of the home and adds to its enjoyment. ‘The difference in cost
between poor hardware and Sargent’s best is but trifling. To help you to make a selection,
we will be glad to send on request a copy of Sargent’s Book of Designs, which shows many
pleasing patterns suited to all tastes.
«
Sb Ra dle as
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
SARGENT & COMPANY, ini auisic Hardest: 156 Leonard Street, New York
September, 1905
FIFTY SUGGESTIONS FOR
THE HOUSE
9. Planning the Bedroom
Ie ARRANGING the bedroom it should
be remembered that the location of the
bed is the chief consideration. It should
be so placed that the air will freely circulate
around it without being in a draft; the door,
in opening, should screen the bed and not ex-
pose it, and sufficient window space should be
provided to give ample light without too much.
A bedroom is always a possible sickroom, and
the light should be adjusted to the needs of a
sick person.
10. The Prevention of Drafts
IN order to prevent the production of drafts
in the ventilation of rooms the movement of
the incoming air must be slow and gentle;
it must be agreeable in temperature, and its
humidity must not be too great nor too low.
The conditions which cause draft are (1) too
great rapidity of current, (2) too low a tem-
perature, (3) excessive or (4) insufficient
humidity of the air. The current of air should
be broken up as much as possible by subdivid-
ing the openings of both inlets and outlets,
especially the inlet openings—Dr. D. H.
Bergey.
11. Attics
ALTHOUGH attics with sloping ceilings are
placed in the roof for economy, they are bad
from a sanitary point of view, because of being
extremely cold in winter and hot in summer.
Care must, therefore, be taken to keep an air
space between the ceiling of the room and the
outer covering of the roof, or, if the whole of
the room is in the roof, to fill in between the
rafters with slag wool and to place roofing
felt or building paper under the slates or tiles.
In all cases it is advisable to have rough board-
ing and not battens under the slates, the
continuous wood surface forming a non-con-
ducting material. The eaves of the roof
should project so as to protect the wall from
rain, and the latter should not be allowed to
run down the walls and make them damp.—
B. F. and H. P. Fletcher.
NEW BOOKS
The Art of Wood Carving
Easy LESSONS IN THE ART OF PRACTICAL
Woop Carvinc. By Fred. T. Hodgson.
Chicago: Frederick J. Drake & Co.,
1905. Pp. 284. Price, $1.50.
This book has been prepared for the car-
penter, joiner, amateur and professional wood
carver. It attacks the subject from the point
of view of the practical wood worker. It is
not an art text-book, but a practical hand-
book that appeals to a very large class of
workers in wood.
‘The lessons given in this book commence at
the very beginning of carving, and lead the
young workman by easy steps through the
mazes of the art, until he is able to turn out
work of a creditable character. “The use and
care of carvers’ tools are given and explained,
and the tools described and shown by illus-
trations, with methods of sharpening and hon-
ing the tools. All sorts of appliances are
shown, described and illustrated for holding
the work and for preparing the tools and fin-
ishing up the carvings. ‘The various styles”
of carving are fully described, such as flat
carving, chip carving, incised carving, scratch
carving, figure carving, carving in relief,
round carving and jewelry carving. Lessons
are given in each one of the styles, and also a
description of the tools used and methods of
using them. A chapter on the kinds of wood
September, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
201
cA New
Industry~
Wena
Profitable
Cement
Machine
makes cement stone that looks like natural stone.
Many faces.
Makes any sized hollow cement blocks from
2 inches to 6 feet long; also doors, sills, coping,
lintels, ornamental designs, etc.
Tamps on the face of the mould, allowing use of
a 2 to | mixture of sand and cement for facing,
making the block impervious to moisture and true
to pattem, and a 5 to | mixture for backing. This
saves cement and makes the strongest blocks.
Hercules Blocks are cheaper and more durable
for building purposes than lumber, bnck or stone.
Demand for Hercules Blocks strong, and increas-
ing every day.
Large profits for cement stone makers. Small
capital required, as one machine makes every shape
of stone. Send for Catalog C and read about this
new and profitable industry.
CENTURY CEMENT MACHINE CO.
180 West Main Street ROCHESTER, N.Y.
Hercules
CAF CAF) CAFO CAFO OF CAFO CBO CIO CIOCOS
FOOD
}.
TAM
Complete Outfit
Hand and
Foot Power
Our No. 3 W
ood Turning’ Lathe
can be speeded from 1,000 to 2,000
revolutions a minute with perfect ease.
Stopped or reversed at will of operator.
WRITE FOR PARTICULARS
W.F. & John Barnes Co,
567 RUBY ST. ROCKFORD, ILL.
CRIDC.SDC.awD CWA CAD CAVA
Colt’s U Bar Clamps
~ ADAPTED
TO ALL THE
TRADES.
Predominant
Efficiency in
the Shop.
Broad, Strong Grip
Instant action. No loosening by jarring. Made
witk crank or bar screw when desired. In all their
parts these clamps bear the signs of a peculiar fitness
for the work intended.
Send for catalogue and price list.
MANUFACTURED BY THE
BATAVIA CLAMP CO.
19 Cer-ter Street, Batavia, N. Y.
or the wrong medicine adminis
tered by mistake—cases like
POI ON | | this happen every day; avoid
) G> them by keeping your medicines
*¢ in a Farigray Cabinet.
FARIGRAY
Medicine and
Shaving Cabinet
A chest in which every bottle is in
front, with the label in plain
view —hands you the bottle you’re look-
ing for. Shelves in door are so made that
ottles can’t fall off. Holds 50 bottles of
sizes. 17 in. wide, 23% in. bigh, 734
n. deep. 10x14 in. beveled plate mirror—
djustable to most any angle for shaving.
Beautiful piece of cabinet work, hand-
somely finished in antique
oak or white enamel.
PRICE SHIPPED ON
ONLY $7.00 APPROVAL
CLOSED
The only practical,
—™ safe, convenient and
[ay economical medicine
pays chest.
i Freight prepaid north
H of the Ohio, west of
py the Alleghanies, and
ea east of Kansas on re-
Paa ceipt of price — pro-
Gey fated to other points.
# Wrice for our time
=.@98 payment proposition to
ad you. Address
ba @) FARISH & GRAY
{ Makers of Fine
| Furniture Specialties
M 329 LincolnTrust Bldg.
t. Louis
An Architect,
specifying “THATCHER” goods does so
with the assurance that his client gets
the best made and saves money in fuel.
THATCHER
FURNACE
COM PAN Y
110-116 Beekman Street, New York City
Works, Newark, N. J.
202
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
LRRLLRLLLLLELE LE EEELELELELELLLEEE
Ba Baa a a a aa a a 8 aa a a a a a a HS
| Ure)
ce American
states and Gardens
2 =
4to. 11x 13% inches. Illuminated Cover and
275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. Price, $10.00
EB FABRE FB a RB FS a RB a a aa aa a a a a 8 a a a
By~ BARR FERREE
Editor of “‘American Homes and Gardens,’ Corresponding Member of the
American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute
of British Architects
@ &
SUMPTUOUS BOOK dealing with some of the most stately
houses and charming gardens in America.
are in nearly all cases made from original photographs, and are
beautifully printed on double coated paper.
The book will prove one of the most interesting books of the
year, and will fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a
luxurious book on our American Homes.
cMunn 6& Company
Publishers of ‘‘SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ”
No. 361 Broadway~ :: New York
Fn i nn in nn nn bs osm
P “Ur Bria’ Sou aa (ae
LH MBER EE
The illustrations
Attractively bound.
FB aE aS Ba a FB 8a 8 8 8 a a a a a a a a a a a8 a
September, 1905
best adapted for the several kinds of carvings
is given, also a short treatise on proper
methods of design for carved work, showing
how to harmonize and properly balance orna-
mental design for carved work. The book
contains over two hundred illustrations, with
a number of full page plates, on which are de-
signs made for actual working purposes. Illus-
trations are also given of tools, showing shapes
and sizes, and manner of handling them.
The book is a treatise on wood carving, and
is not concerned with the manufacture of fur-
niture, nor with practical applications of
carved surfaces. The author’s purpose is to
show how a carved surface may be produced
or a piece of carving in relief. This is an im-
portant subject in itself, and quite sufficient to
form the theme of a single volume. This
book is largely made up of articles contributed
by its author to sundry technical journals, but
entirely rewritten and newly arranged. The
descriptions of the tools and methods are con-
cisely given, and the book will be found of
peculiar value to the wood worker.
The Scented Garden
THe Book oF THE SCENTED GARDEN. By
F. W. Burbridge. London and New
York: John Lane, 1905. Pp. 16-96.
This little book, which forms one of the
Handbooks of Practical Gardening brought
out by Mr. Lane, deals with a novel and
interesting subject. The important part taken
by flower odors in their relation to insects has
long been the subject of scientific investigation
and research, but Mr. Burbridge touches on
this aspect of the question only in a slight de-
gree. His theme is the much more subtle and
delightful one of growing and arranging
scented flowers as a source of pure joy and de-
light, and he develops this interesting argu-
ment in a thoroughly interesting and fascinat-
ing manner.
Mr. Burbridge argues eloquently for an
inclosed garden and a garden house. His
inclosed garden is something quite different
from a garden surrounded with a fence or
wall, but a sort of “holy of holies,” being at
one and the same time a wind-sheltered sun-
trap and a site for a garden house sacred, as
it were, for one’s own children and to our
most intimate friends. “This he designs to be
a garden of sweet-scented plants and flowers,
a ““ garden of spices.” The idea is a beautiful
one. The planting of flowers and plants for
scenic effect, for masses of bloom and foliage,
is an art already brought to a high degree of
perfection and development; but the present
author goes further, and points out, with
quite ample illustration and with keen and
happy suggestion, the value of growing plants
for their perfumes, and the pleasure that may
be obtained from a garden devised for this
especial purpose.
Yet a list, he adds, however complete, of
fragrant flowers and leaves, would not help
much in the real art of making a sweet-scented
garden. It must be an evolution or real
growth, an individual development, and not
a mere suggestion or copy of a garden else-
where. The point is a valuable one, and is _
quite as helpful in application to a garden
arranged in the usual manner as to one espe-
cially planted for his scented odors.
The book includes, among much other in-
teresting matter, a brief chapter on the spice
islands of Europe, receipts for potpourri, an
A B C list of perfumes, essential oils, etc.,
and the plants which afford them, together
with helpful bibliographies on the general sub-
ject of scented plants. The list of perfumes is
exceedingly full and very complete. The book
is of real value and is extraordinarily sug-
gestive.
September, 1905
I WHICH HEATING
SYSTEM ?
How are you going to heat your
house ?
Don’t guess which is the best Sys-
tem, and don’t let any one guess for
you—investigate and decide for yourself.
Our book will help you decide right
—it tells, in plain English :—
(1) where and why THE KELSEY
WARM AIR GENERATOR is en-
tirely different from all other Systems
—Furnace, Steam, Hot Water, etc.
(2) why it gives healthier heat and
more of it
(3) why it gives a more even and uni-
form distribution of the heat
(4) why it is so much cleaner and
easier to operate
(5) why it costs so much less for fuel
(6) why it costs so much less for repairs
Any manufacturer can make these
claims—and most of them do—but
no one else can prove all these claims.
We can—and we do.
Do you want the proof?
KELSEY HEAT means Healthy Heat—pure, fresh
air, warmed to just the right temperature, in
every room and in every part of every room, no
matter what the weather or conditions.
No hot or cold spots—no coal dust or gas—no
unsightly pipes or radiators to increase the cost,
gather dirt, get out of order, leak, freeze or
burst—and no more big coal bills!
Adapted to Homes, Schools and Churches of
all sizes and styles—old or new.
27,000 actually in use.
Get the book.
Kelsey Heating Co.
Main Office Branch Office
342 West Fayette St. 156 Fifth Avenue
SYRACUSE, N.Y. NEW YORK
Every
Remington
Typewriter
Lasts.
Therefore
Remington
Supremacy
Lasts.
Remington Typewriter Co.
327 Broadway, New York.
AMERICAN HOMES
SCIENTIFIC
AGN. DIS VGrFASRED IES NES
AMERICAN
Mest Ea EN CE BOOK
12mo; 516 pages; illustrated; 6 colored plates. Price $1.50, postpaid
@ The result of the queries of three generations
Ree | Weis...) months.
{AMERICAN i =
business man.
“Ss
——~
i —
The “Scientific
American Ref-
erence Book”
has been com-
piled after
gauging the
known wants of
thousands. It
has been re-
vised by eminent statisticians. In/or-
mation has been drawn from over one
ton of Government reportsalone. Itis
a book for everyday reference—more
useful than an encyclopedia, because
you will find what you want in an
instant in a more condensed form.
The chapter relating to patents, trade-
marks and copyrights is a thorough
one and aims to give inventors proper
legal aid. The chapter on manufac-
tures deals with most interesting fig-
ures, admirably presented for refer-
ence. The chapter dealing with Me-
chanical Movements contains nearly
three hundred illustrations, and they
are more reliable than those published
in any other book—they are operative.
Weights and measures occupy a con-
siderable section of the book, and are
indispensable for purposes of refer-
ence. Sixty years of experience alone
have made it possible for the publish-
ers of the Scientific American to pre-
sent to the purchasers of this book a
remarkable aggregation of information.
The very wide range of topics covered
in the ‘Scientific American Reference
Book’’ may be inferred by examining
the table of contents sent on request.
The first edition of this work is 10,000
copies. The readers of the Scientific
American are requested to send in
their orders promptly. Remit $1.50,
and the book will be promptly mailed.
Send to-day.
of readers and correspondents is crystallized in this
book, which has been in course of preparation for
It is indispensable to every family and
It deals with matters of interest to
everybody. The book contains 50,000 facts, and
is much more complete and more exhaustive than
anything of the kind which has ever been attempted.
LOCOMOTLIVES OF THE WORLD COMPARED.
REDUCED FACSIMILE PAGE 118,
MUNN & CO., Publishers
Scientific Amencan Office
361 Broadway, New York City
SSS
——
HARDY PLANTS WORTH HAVING
S the saving of time
and dollars worth
while >
@ Yes. Then always
buy the very highest
grade obtainable of
hardy trees and plants.
Send to us for them, no
matter how far away
you live.
G Get results—prompt, satisfactory, eco-
nomical results. Our stock produces them.
Why? Because it is grown with an
amount of care and an attention to details
that is unusual. Though our plants are
low priced, they are grown in the best
manner, regardless of expense.
@ We make certain that our plants are
Strong, healthy, full of life. No cheaply
grown, unsatisfactory, time-wasting weak-
lings for our customers—only vigorous,
sturdy stock.
@ Modest rates and an exceptionally large
assortment make the world our market
We surely can offer valuable suggestions
and give practical advice to distant cus-
tomers and deliver stock to them in per-
fect condition.
@ Our specialty is hardy ornamentals—trees,
shrubs, vines, evergreens and hardy perennials
—all the good old kinds and the best of the new.
The beautiful literature offering this stock is
interesting, helpful, fullof useful suggestions
and well illustrated.
@ if you need hardy plants of any kind, write
a letter about them, enclosing two-cent stamp,
and ask for our catalogue. It may be greatly
to your benefit to be on our mailing list. A
new race of flowers will make a horticultural
sensation when we decide to advertise them.
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, Inc.
Box P, Germantown
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
204 AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
September, 1905
The
HAMPION IRON CO.
KENTON, OHIO.
STRUCTURAL IRON.
ORNAMENTAL
CAST AND WROUGHT IRON.
JAIL CELL WORK.
FENCES AND RAILINGS.
© 6 8
/
Catalogue of above furnished, and Prices
quoted on application.
Absolutely safe and reliable. Ask your friends.
A Stubby Tower
A Squatty Tank
An Ugly Cover
are all evidences that water supply outfits
are not made by the
W. E. CALDWELL Co.
LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY
27 ft. Tower,
3,000 gal. Tank,
pues Our Plants are Stately and Beautiful
Mr. O. H. Lawrence
Waverly, N. Y.
Ghe Davis @ Roesch
Water Thermostat
A DRAFT CONTROLLER FOR
HOT WATER HEATERS
Simple,
Durable,
Accurate,
Inexpensive.
Will save 25 per cent. of
your coal bill.
Will regulate the tempera-
ture of your whole house.
; | Catalogue free upon request.
Davis & Roesch Temperature Controlling Co.
NEWARK, N. J.
PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT
Ceilings and Partitions
A MATERIAL that has the power to re-
sist the transmission of heat and cold,
by holding in confinement a right pro-
portion of air, is secured for builders of homes
by the use of mineral wool. It protects against
frost, fire, sound, insects, rodents and germs,
and furnishes the comforts of seasonal warmth
and coolness and extreme dryness. Mineral
and organic fibers form its basis and it is made
into constructional consistency by converting
scoria and certain rocks while in a melted
condition to a fibrous state. Analysis of the
wool shows it to be a silicate of magnesia lime,
alumina, potash and soda, and consequently it
will not decay or become musty, nor yield
nourishment to insects and vermin. ‘The ap-
plication of mineral wool is shown clearly in
the accompanying engraving. In working on
a specification of’ such a ceiling the operator
D i
yy
B
SEMI-FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION.
begins to fur below the bottom of each joint,
longitudinally, with a metal furring strip not
less than one inch wide; the strip, if corru-
gated, to be of No. 20 gage band iron, and if
not corrugated, No. 10. After fastening the
furring strips, lath the ceiling with metal lath.
The lath must be put on running crosswise
of the joists; and fill on top of the lath with
two inches of the wool. ‘The furring strips
and lath should be fastened in place with
staples long enough to drive at least one inch
into the joists. Any kind of wire or metal
lath can be used with this ceiling. Lath with
an open mesh, such as the Roebling or ex-
panded metal lath, can be put on with the least
trouble, for the reason that the staples can be
driven more readily. Mineral wool is placed
upon the metal or wire lath, carefully packed
underneath the joist, and extended up between
September, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 205
10 Pressed Cement Brick} R TJ] RTL IT NGION
eV ONE pies eee Venetian Blinds Sliding Blinds
Screens and Screen Doors
=== of Highest Quality Surest Sellers
Plain, Colored or
Ornamental
Any style of wood for any style of
window.
Backed by the endorsements of
ll thousands of satisfied custom-
|| | ers. Made on honor. Sold on
merit and guaranteed to give
entire satisfaction.
WQ
Proved by actual use to be the
most practical and satisfactory
blinds and screens on the market.
SY
For your own best interests and
= your customers, send for Free
Operated by hand 1 to 3 times per minute, 80,000-Ib. pressure <= = Booklet Catalogue, giving prices
10,000 Bricks a day with 10 men, or 7 men and a mixer and full particulars. a
Catalog and prices sent on request
QUEEN CITY BRICK MACHINE CO. BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 LAKE STREET, BURLINGTON, VT.
Deer C Traverse City, Micu.
Write for
illustrated
booklet W free.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.,
Jersey City, N. J.
Engineers’ and
eber & Co ; P RESIDENCE OF DR. H. B. JACOBS, NEWPORT, R. I.
+ Draughtsmen’s Supplies MR. J. R. POPE, ARCHITECT.
ONE OF THE THOUSANDS OF HOMES HEATED BY
Richardson & Boynton Co.
eS A LR >
Sole Agents for RIEFLER’S INSTRUMENTS, on’: Pantographs,
Drawing and Blue Print Papers, Drawing Boards, Tabies, Squares, Tri-
angles, Etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Transits, and Levels of Best Makes
Send for Illustrated Catalogue, Vol. III
1125 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore
Winter weather defied and homes
given a summer climate with these
powerful, economical Heating
Apparatus. {Correspondence
respectfully solicited from parties
wanting to adopt the best methods
of heating, 2 cH ce a
STEAM AND WATER BOILERS
WARM-AIR FURNACES
COOKING RANGES, ETC.
Richardson & Boynton Co.
(Established 1837)
waxe Concrete Building
°w* Blocks
Best, Fastest, Simplest, Cheapest
MACHINE
No crackage or breakage
No off-bearing
No expensive iron pallets
No cogs, gears, springs or levers
Move the Machine, Not the Blocks 7"
THE PETTYJOHN CO. C
617 N. 6th Street, Terre Haute, Ind.
BRISTOLW’S
RECORDING THERMOMETER,
Wl Located within house. records on 234 WATER STREET, NEW YORK
WH a weekly chart outside tempera-
J ture. Also, Bristol's Recording 84 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO 51 PORTLAND STREET, BOSTON
Pressure Gauges, Volt, Ampere
and Watt Meters. Over 100 differ-
ent varieties, and guaranteed.
Send for catalogue.
THE BRISTOL CO.,Waterbury, Conn.
206 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905
them to any desired height. ‘The wool should
be put in place before plastering, and it will
be found the most economical to do this when
the lathing is done. ‘The lath is plastered
underneath, as usual. Mineral wool is soft
and pliable, and the plaster forms a perfect
key when applied after the wool is placed.
This material is entirely non-combustible, and
no degree of heat possible in a burning build-
ing will consume it. The plan of construction
here illustrated and described will make a
structure practically fireproof. This form of
construction also thoroughly deafens the floor
and ceiling, so that sound will not pass through
them. By placing the wool on the ceiling, the
floors are deafened better than by any other
process, as the ceiling is disconnected from the
joists, and the deafening material is under the
same. “The form of construction can be still
further carried out and improved by laying
a rough floor on top of the joists and stripping
them, and placing mineral wool between the
IR OOFING TIN m | strips the thickness of the latter, and then
laying the finished floor. The wool in the
ceiling will prevent a fire reaching the joists
was first specified, it was the only satisfactory or open space between them from below, and
roofing material on the market; it met the needs eae in the Aoors Wil oe
of the building public and that meant popularity. States Mineral Wool Company, No. 143
Z tee 3 ‘ : ae Liberty Street, New York, N. Y., manufac-
To-day MF is held in just as high favor—it is tures the material “(hel useathiaialneees
1 1 st 7 ; x walls, partitions and roofs, for apartment
the symbol of all that is good in roof coverings, Ware, in duelitnes ad aaa
and it isa perfect representative of all that 1s good is very fully treated in an illustrated brochure
ee : os a | issued by the firm, under the title, “ The Uses
and best in the materials used for making roofing of Minecal Wool'in. Architecture”? anda
tin. ‘The process is identical with that used eighty on the application{@# any; Oh ita ae the
ber.
years ago, and if you would like to know exactly -
how MF Tin has always been made, send for our Silica-Graphite Paint
booklet “**From Underfoot to Overhead’’; you
will be interested in the methods and the results.
ie expense and annoyance of frequent
Write to cur Advertising Department.
repainting can be avoided by the use
of a coating of flake graphite and
silica for pigments, and boiled linseed oil for
a binder. A product of this nature has certain
economical features over the ordinary paints,
AMERICAN in that the flake graphite is a lubricant, and in
SHEET @ TIN PLATE its use as a pigment the paint is brushed on
with great ease, saving materially in cost of
COMPANY labor and brushes, and giving a covering
power of five to six hundred square feet to
FRICK BUILDING PITTSBURGH, PA. the gallon. It is known to have given a
service of seven years on the iron-covered
elevator building of the Kentucky Public
Elevator Co., Louisville, Ky.; eleven years’
protection without repainting on the one mile,
four track wide steel elevated structure of the
Pennsylvania Railroad Co., Jersey City, N. J.,
and five years on the one hundred and fifty
feet steel smoke stack of the Columbus-Edison
Electric Light Co., Columbus, Ohio. This
Grand Ra lds paint is famous for its use on many of the
] A most important and most extensive construc-
tions in this country. The great piers at
ALL-STEEL
Hoboken, N. J., nine hundred feet long and
PENDING
PATENT ““BALL-BEARINC”’
ninety feet wide, where the paint covers all
structural steelwork, column jackets and
doors. It preserves the structural steelwork
of the grand St. Regis Hotel, New York; the
Government buildings at Annapolis; the Wa-
bash’ Railroad Terminal, Pittsburg; the
Trinity Building, New York; the Lafayette
Hotel, Buffalo, and the great “ Hot Metal
A Id Direct ild= Brae ney : ; :
Eri Contractors eoainnie Bridge,” Union Railroad, Pittsburg. It is
rae So also remarkable for its adoption by owners
ff you make ten or ten thousand window frames, we can save you money of buildings and constructions of the lesser
and give you a superior sash pulley. We are the largest sash pulley makers in sort, such as dairy and farmhouses, small
the world. We ship direct, or through dealers and jobbers everywhere.
Write for catalogue and free samples and prices on half-gross, gross, barrel
or any quantity. Direct from the makers to you. Inquiries welcome.
stations, shops and dwellings. Graphite paint
meets fully all the requirements of preserva-
tion. The graphite is a natural product mined
by the Di C Ticond :
GRAND RAPIDS HARDWARE Co. || N.Y. and is the only: pieeteeeit aiemeatt
17 PEARL STREET, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. known to exist. It assumes the flake form in
) | its physical structure, and from this fact alone,
September, 1905
muenty Strong Reasons
Make NATURO Seats
ESSENTIAL TO THE WELL-BEING OF
SENSIBLE PEOPLE
THE FIRST IMPROVEMENT IN 1,000 YEARS
IN THIS VITAL APPLIANCE
rhe NATURO Bowl, by reason of its
height and shape (lower at rear than in
front, and lower at its highest point
than is the ordinary closet), makes a
proper position compulsory, the desira-
bility of which condition is so self-evident
that argument can hardly emphasize it.
The NATUR Seat provides a seat
more comfortable by far than that now
commonly used, and is also hygienically
AMERICAN HOMES
perfect.
WNATUR® costs no more than the
1,000-year-old style.
Why not have the kind nature demands?
Have you given the attention to this
most important question that its bear-
ing upon your good health requires?
Send for our booklet going fully into the
reasons why NATUR should be
in your home.
Ask your plumber about NATUR
He probably has one in his showroom.
Send us his name and address if he
cannot show it.
THE NATURO COMPANY, new siMscy
Cc. H. MUCKENHIRN, Presivent
AND GARDENS | 207
@ The Interna-
tional Studio,
while treating of
every Art and
The Craft, fee
International
Been ci Out
Studio
Landscape Gar-
50 Cents Per Month $5.00 Per Year
THE ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE
OF FINE AND APPLIED ARTS
dening, Sculpture,
Painting, Ceram-
ICs, Metal, Fur-
niture, Glass, De-
signa hea birdies
Bookbinding,
Lithography, Enamel, Jewelry, etc., gives especial atten-
tion to the subjects of interest to those who live in houses
or build them.
@ Beginning with the October number there will appear
a Special New Series of Articles on the current work of
our leading architects, replete with suggestion in text
and illustration.
@ Everything to do with the House as an artistic problem,
both in exterior and interior aspects, is put before the
reader in its best and latest development.
@ Color plates suitable for framing, and upwards of 100
Black and White Illustrations in every variety of repro-
ductive process in every number.
SEND 25 CENTS FOR SAMPLE COPY
John Lane Company, New York
@ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and
are decorating and furnishing them with greater care
and in better taste than ever before.
@ The most potent single influence working for higher
standards in architecture and decoration 1s
The Architectural Record
@ If you are interested in building a building of any sort,
you will be interested in The Architectural Record.
Send for a sample copy—free
THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY
14-16 Vesey Street, New York
208 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDE September, 1905
‘A SECTION AT A TIME
JUST AS YOU NEED THEM
A SECTION BOUGHT TO-DAY FITS A
SECTION BOUGHT FIVE YEARS HENCE
Our Steelsects, or sectional cases, are interchangeable. You
can have them every section complete or in combination. Check
files, letter files, document files, safety deposit boxes, roller
shelving, blank files, etc.
Write for our Catalogue 30 S
BERGER’S
Steel Sectional Cabinets
are adapted to every kind of office, the lawyer, the doctor, the
manufacturer, the business man, and all professional use. We
also make special equipment to order. Ask for our steel equip-
ment catalogue. We also make steel ceilings and other sheet
metal architectural work.
THE BERGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY
CANTON, OC:
A H.G. 6-5 NEW YvorRK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA
For Factories, Mills,
Foundries, Etc.
A line of sash five
hundred feet in length
| can be operated from
one station if desired.
Adapted to any kind
of sash, hinged or pivoted.
MANUFACTURED ONLY BY
THE C. DROUVE COMPANY,
BRIDGEPORT, CONN.
Manufacturers and Erectors of Cornices, Uentilators, and Sheet
Metal Architectural Work of Every Description.
WE INVITE CORRESPONDENCE AND GUARANTEE SATISFACTION,
= ARTISTIC
MANTELS
@Our line embraces
everything needed
for the fireplace, and
our Mantels range in
price from $2.65 up.
Catalogue free.
ARS
THE GEO. W. CLARK CO.
91 Dearborn St., Caicago, Ill.
306 Main St., Jacksonville, Fla.
(Factory: Knoxville, Tenn.)
Gang
aL ma
(A wee |
if for no other reason, comes its great value as
a paint pigment. ‘There is no known solvent
for this material, nor is there any chemical
reaction that will affect it. Owing to the
firm’s special process of milling, it is enabled to
obtain a particularly finely divided product.
Dixon’s Silica-Graphite Paint comes ready to
apply, and only in original packages. It is
the result of over forty years of constant en-
deavor to produce the best article possible.
‘There are authentic instances of twenty-five
years’ duration, and in just the surroundings
as regards moisture and sulphurous fumes that
would utterly destroy most paints, where the
graphite is wearing perfectly, and, at the same
time, resisting atmospheric action. Other forms
of graphite and their respective uses may be
found fully treated in the literature of the
Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J.
Send for special circulars on the subject of
graphite paint and other productions; a few of
the large number of this great industry being
“ Black Lead Crucibles and Retorts,”’ “ Fine
Office and Drawing Pencils,’ ‘‘ Colored
Crayons,” “Lumber Leads,” “ Electrotyping
Graphite,’ ‘“‘ Automobile and Bicycle Lubri-
cants,” ‘Stove Cement,” ‘‘ Graphite Oil”
and graphite products for electricians.
Artistic Metal Ceilings and Walls
Mire for ceilings and walls is con-
sidered as certainly possessing the
remedial features needed when these
parts of a room are deemed incapable of
improvement by the reuse of the original ma-
terial. But this view, based on stanchness
and durability, only tells a portion of the
story of the modern employment of metal in
relation to interior construction. ‘The artistic
reaches possible through the skill of the de-
signer make its patterns as fine as those in
vogue by any other method; the stamping fur-
nishes the relief effects of light and shade, that
stand out with exquisite distinctness; the
painting can be done to keep the colors in
harmonious mass with all surroundings.
STEEL STAMPED CEILING.
These goods that are so valuable in prescrib-
ing an applicable remedy, fit, ready and beau-
tiful to cover battered and stained ccilings
and walls, are being increasingly specified by
architects in appropriate combinations suitable
for all classes of new buildings. And, then,
it is so easily arranged to have a house or any
part of it furnished with this decorative and
durable product, by sending diagrams showing
sizes of the ceiling line, mentioning its use,
height and size of cornice desired, and, if
any, the size and location of girders. A blue-
September, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
209
€ =a
1-2
CEILING
FREE
SAMPLE
es ~ —_—
The Use of SACKETT PLASTER BOARDS
means better protection against heat and cold as com-
pared with ordinary lath construction. It means quiet
within, for the Boards are sound deadeners. It means
dry walls and undamaged frescoes, for far less water is
needed in plastering. It means that the plaster cannot
fall or erack. It means security, for it is an excellent
fire resistant, where lath is tinder.
Sackett Wall Board Co. SEND FORFREE SAM- Grand Rapids Plaster Co.
17 Battery Place, N.Y.
PLE AND BOOKLET Grand Rapids, Mich.
Stationaries, Portables, Hoisters, Pumpers, Sawing and
Boat Outfits, Combined with Dynamos.
Gasoline, Gas, Kerosene.
Send for Catalogue.
State Power Needs.
CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO, BOX 69, STERLING, ILL,
read ‘‘House Hints,”
Before you buy, telling how to distin-
guish advantages and
Valuable Catalogue and Booklet ““Warmth,’’ on Modern
Steam and Hot Water Heating, mailed free.
THE HERENDEEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY
9 Orange St., GENEVA, N. Y.
39 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK
ZPLLSLSLSPLELEELAPSSSSLSSSSEEEE
g American Homes and Gardens $52 Regal
. and Scientific licen Cop as,
THE CELEBRATED FURMAN BOILERS |
| As an investment, Furman Boilers return large Dividends in Improved Health,
Increased Comfort and Fuel Saved.
Selling {| EDW. S. DEAN, Bloomington, III. E. K. BARR, La Crosse, Wis.
| Agents! JAS. SPEAR S.&H. CO., 1014 Market St., PHILADELPHIA
Address
39 Oliver St., BOSTON
MeEYFri1Can Address for $6.00
own Electric Light Plant
E have complete outfits for residences of any size, summer homes,
camps, hotels, schools, launches; yachts, etc. Every detail in-
cluded ; very best material ;. absolutely practical. So simple no
electrician required. Light all the Time, as storage battery included.
Gas, Gasoline or Steam engines used give plenty of power for pump-
ing water, sawing wood, refrigeration, etc. We would like to send every
reader of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS who is likely to be inter-
ested our new 60-page Catalogue describing over 130 different outfits.
Address
RESIDENCE LIGHTING DEPARTMENT
RICHARDSON ENGINEERING CO., HARTFORD, CONN.
T. H:BROOKSECO.cLEvELANS 0.
Oo
detect shortcomings in loca-
build, or rent tion, construction, appoint-
: ments, etc. A hundred dol-
lars’ worth of information, sent postpaid, for 2sc.
HOUSE HINTS PUBLISHING CO., Dept.“ C,” Philadelphia
FLooR&SIDEWALK LIGHTS.
_OF EVERY ‘DESCRIPTION.
SEND fRCATALOGUE.
Cottage Designs
HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and investors by far the
most complete collection of plans ever brought out, while the price is so
low as to place them within the reach of all who have an interest in the
building of homes. The designs are compiled with a view to representing all grades
of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to the
comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or more, in cost, treated in the
fourth series, so that examples are given covering nearly every requirement, with
respect to cost, in inexpensive homes.
No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details
A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been erected, ranging
in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with details of interior and exterior finish, all
drawn to convenient scale, and accompanied by brief specifications. Illustrated with
53 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details.
No. Ha, Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details
Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally costing from
$750 to $2,500, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and details of construction,
all drawn to scale, together with brief descriptions and, in many instances, full
specifications and detailed estimates of cost. Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of
floor plans, elevations and details.
No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details
A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in various parts
of the country, at costs ranging from $2,000 to $5,000; embracing floor plans,
elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, and drawn
to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. [Illustrated by means of
half-tone reproductions, from photographs of the completed structures, and 61
full-page plates, of floor plans, elevations and details.
No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details
Comprising twenty selected designs of attractive suburban homes, ranging in cost
from about $3,000 upward ; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details,
showing interior and exterior finish, all drawn to scale, together with extracts from
the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs
of the completed structures, and 75 full-page plates of plans, elevations and details,
ONE DOLLAR EACH, POSTPAID
(SOLD SEPARATELY)
Publishers of
MUNN & CO... since Anca
361 Broadway, New York
**What I Have Done in
Ten Years
The Story of My Wonderful
Success.”’
I hope every reader of American Homes and Gardens will write me.
book, entitled ** Ten Years ’’—*‘ The Story of My Wonderful Success.’?
of the greatest and most promising investment opportunities ever offered. I believe I have the best proposition
from an investor’s standpoint that could be placed before you. My book tells all about the success I have met
with during my ten years of business lize, and about its exceptional future possibilities. My success has been
unprecedented. I started business in the city of Brooklyn in 1896. My capital amounted to less than $25.00.
My first year’s business netted me over $1,000. Last year I paid dividends to my partners of 15%. Five
years ago my business had grown so large that I was compelled to remove to larger quarters. 1 am now at 63
and 65 Clark Street, Brooklyn, in connection with the Hotel St. George. I have to-day what experts have
pronounced the best-appointed institution of its kind in the country. I estimate the equipment of the Mac
Levy Institute of Physical Culture to be worth at least $40,000. The Mac Levy Co. own free and clear its
equipment. It also controls valuable patents—such as the Mac Levy Steel Bar System, famous all over the
country, and the Mac Levy Trolley System, for quick and safe instruction in swimming. The local business
done by the Mac Levy Institute of Physical Culture is very large. Especially at this time of the year when
the swimming season is just opening. Last year I operated three different places teaching swimming. One at
Arverne-by-the-Sea, L. I., another at Steeplechase Park, Coney Island, and at our Brooklyn Institute. This,
you understand, was in addition to my Mail Order Department and regular Physical Culture business. I have
long thought that there are thousands of people in moderate circumstances who would like to invest a few
dollars in an institution of this kind. At last I decided to offer a block of the treasury stock of this company
to the public at its par value. I have good reasons for coming to this decision. 1 wish to put into operation
extensive plans for extending the business of the Mac Levy Institute of Physical Culture and the Mac Levy
Gymnasium Equipment Co. J also wish to erect a building that will enable me to meet adequately the grow-
ing demands of my business. If you are of a speculative mind, I do not want you as a partner. Wall Street
is the place for you—where thousands of dollars are lost in mining and oil stocks. If you have a few dolla s
that you want to invest where it will earn more for you than the 3 or 4° which savings banks pay their
depositors, I want you to read my book. I want you as a partner in this great institution. De not let
your money stand idle earning only 3 or 4% which the savings banks pay their depositors. Put it to work.
Join it with mine. I believe that within a year this company will pay dividends of at least 20%. Let me send
you this book. It is absolutely free. Write for it to-day. Now.
MAC i E V y PRESIDENT MAC LEVY CO., Inc.
Dept. 2. 63-65 Clark Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
I would like to send you my free
It has something to say about one
210 AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS September, 1905
If you ever intend
to build, send for the
above $1.00 book to-day.
ARTISTIC HOMES
ARTISTIC
HOMES
A DOLLAR BOOK
OF MODERATE COST
HOUSE DESIGNS.
Printed on the best of
paper in
Edition de Luxe.
Any one intending to
build should purchase
this new cdition of
ARTISTIC
HOMES
No. 21 Mantel
SDSS SS SS SSeSeeee
HIGH-CLASS ARCHITECTURAL WORK.
HERBERT C.
127-7th STREET CONSULTING ST. LOUIS
ARCHITECT
CHIVERS
SIMPLE yet
effective design
after old Mis-
sion styles. Surface
very rough. q Good
in dull green. @ Sizes
made to suit
oat
The Hartford
Faien ce C O.
HARTFORD, CONN.
OOOO OKK OOK OOK OLOK OXY
VOVOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOD
DSSS S55S5°SSSSEEe
print copy of the ceiling plan is then sent to a
customer, showing the arrangement of the
patterns, the spacing of the furring strips,
sections of the cornice and list of the items of
each room. ‘The painting of all this material
is done with pure white zinc, linseed oil and
turpentine, on each side after stamping and
trimming, leaving no raw edges. The lasting
qualities of a steel ceiling depend entirely
upon this prime coat, the manner in which it
is applied and the kind of paint used. The
walls and ceilings can be put up by carpenters.
An example of ceiling of the charming
“English” pattern is given by the preceding
illustration. It is particularly adapted for a
dining-room or library of a residence, although
very suitable for many larger rooms. It ts
usually placed diagonally, and can thus be
used in rooms of any shape. ‘This pattern is
made in sheets 24x96 inches, by the
Northrop, Coburn & Dodge Co., No. 40
Cherry Street, New York, N. Y., and fairly
represents the style of ceilings made by this
firm. Its catalogue No. 8 contains beautifully
illustrated specimens of these steel stamped
ceilings, and one may wonder if the limits of
witchery in ornate design have not been
reached in such as these for such a purpose.
The company also manufactures metal stair
wainscoting and tile for bathrooms.
A Shock Absorber for Automobiles
NE of the principal reasons that so
O many wealthy automobilists leave this
country to tour in their cars is the
bad state of our roads as compared with those
abroad. A device which has been on the mar-
ket for over a year, and which has received a
thorough test on the racing cars in the last two
international contests for the Bennett Cup,
is a shock absorber known as the Truffault-
Hartford Suspension. This apparatus con-
sists of two steel arms, suitably pivoted to
the frame and spring of the car, just over the
axle, and connected together through a fric-
tion disk arrangement which acts as a brake
on the spring and checks its rebound. The
result is that when passing over obstacles or
dropping into gullies the wheels of the car
quickly regain the ground and remain upon it
a much greater percentage of the time than
they do ordinarily, thus doing away with loss
of traction and a great deal of abnormal wear
on the tires, which is the result of slipping.
The principal advantage, however, is the en-
tire lack of rebound of the car body and the
consequent easy-riding qualities which ensue.
When the machine drops into a hole its oc-
cupants feel the vehicle settle down, but in-
stead of being shot upward into the air the
next moment, they experience no further jolt.
A car equipped with this device can conse-
quently be driven at a high rate of speed on
rough roads without danger of breaking
springs and without serious discomfort to its
passengers. Fully a twenty-five per cent. in-
crease of speed is easily possible. Further-
more, the mechanism of the car is not sub-
jected to such severe strains as it otherwise
would be, with the result that its life, as well
as that of the tires, is perceptibly increased.
In time, without doubt, this device will be
found not only on all high-speed pleasure
vehicles, but also on commercial cars and rail-
way locomotives as well, for it is an apparatus
that soon pays for itself in the reduction of
wear and tear which it causes. A demonstra-
tion ride which the writer had on a car fitted
with the Suspension, and afterward with it
removed, was most convincing, the difference
in comfort between the two being about the
same as that between a Pullman and a freight
car.
ivan "i nr
SE : x 4
Vue Ne Sa} + |
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE
> 301 - Broodway *- NewYork
.
“Standar
PORCELAIN ENAMELED
Baths & One Piece Lavate:
ee
re a il
The perfect way of assuring health and promoting
comfort in your home is by installing a bathroom
equipped with “Standard” Porcelain Enameled Ware.
A “Standard” modern bathroom is not an expense but a wise investment,
paying daily interest in comfort and health, as well as increasing the
selling value of your property. “Standard” Porcelain Enameled Baths and
One-piece Lavatories are made in one piece, free of cracks or crevices.
The surface of “Standard” ware is snowy white and non-porous. Its dura-
bility and the perfection of the Porcelain enamel finish make it the most
beautiful, useful and ornamental equipment you can secure.
Our Book, “MODERN BATHROOMS,” tells you how to plan, buy and
arrange your bathroom, and illustrates many beautiful and inexpensive
as well as luxurious rooms, showing the approximate cost of each
fixture in detail, together with many hints on decoration, tiling, etc. It
is the most complete and beautiful booklet ever issued on the subject
and contains 100 pages. FREE for six cents postage.
The ABOVE INTERIOR, No. P-26, costing approximately $101.00 at
factory— not counting piping and labor —is described in detail among
the others.
CAUTION: Every piece of genuine “Statdard” Porcelain Enameled Ware bears our “Statdard” ‘‘ Green and Gold”®
guarantee label, and has our trade-mark “Standard” cast on the exterior, Unless tie label and trade-mark are on the
fixture, it is not genuine “Standard” Ware. Refuse all substitutes—they are all inferior and will cost you more in the end.
2 .
Address Standard Sanitary BINGE Co. Dept. 23, PITTSBURGH, PA.
Offices and Showrooms in New York: “Stawdard” Building, 33-37 West 31st St. London, England: 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C.
NOW IS THE TIME
to think about your HOTBED SASH AND FRAMES.
Don’t let Jack Frost jog you on this little matter.
We have every reason to feel that our sash and
frames are a good bit better and therefore cheaper than
others. Perhaps not fancy, but in every way made
with an idea of efficiency in construction and con-
venience. All that is good in the mortise, steel pin
dowels, cypress wood, lead joints, etc., are employed.
Take the regular stock size, 3x6 feet, spaced for
10-inch glass, finished and painted complete for $3.00.
Then one at $1.10 each. Freight allowance made.
But you’d better write for full information; nothing
so satisfactory.
BURNHAM HITCHINGS PIERSON Co.
/ Builders of Greenhouses, Large and Small
HOME OFFICE AT 1137 BROADWAY BRANCH, TREMONT BLDG.
NEW YORK BOSTON
Pe ae ee - .
Is Your Bath b |
Haven't you some one in your family who
cannot afford to fall? Old people, rheu-
matic people, weak people, heavy people,
and most married women would be thank-
ful for a first-class bath mat—a mat which
does not slip, and yet is comfortable.
The Cantslip Bath Mat
makes any tub — no matter how slippery —
safe; and is so comfortable that we have
known bathers to go to sleep on it in the
tub. It is soft and grateful to the tenderest
skin — like cloth, but with the germ-proof
quality of pure white rubber.
Made in six lengths and two widths.
The average tub takes a 36x15 inch mat ;
price at your dealer's, $3.00. For some
bathers the Rim Grip (lower cut) is de-
sirable; price, $2.00.
If you find any difficulty in getting mat
or grip, write us direct, and goods will be
forwarded anywhere east of Omaha at
prices named.
The Cantslip Bathtub Appliance Co.
56-58 Pine Street, New York
———__
SER CATATOSUE ff
Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year
Se NENTS FOR OCTOBER, 1.9.05
THE FOUNTAIN IN THE GARDEN—
A GARDEN IN OLD JAPAN
MONTHLY COMMENT
NoTaABLE AMERICAN Homes—* Drumthwacket,”’ Princeton, New Jersey: The House and the
Estate By Barr Ferree
PEEING AE OW OF Xi Ae WCET NOANG SIS Olen tient ocr cecil alee, Gon ctmue at wea eh ee lhe «oa
REREESONAGHERY..- the llouse on Charles Ba Searles Psqeii ci. c8) sj 5c 4 ee oe tes oe Se
THE RESIDENCE OF FRANCIS B. RICE, EsaQ
THE SUMMER HoME OF ALFRED J. NATHAN, Esa.
THE Country HoMeE or JOHN R. SHERMAN, Esa.
How To Lay Our a WiLp Woop GARDEN By Leila Mechlin
THE FURNITURE OF OUR FOREFATHERS By Francis Durando Nichols
A SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RANCH By Charles F. Holder
PRINCIPLES OF Home DeEcoraTION: III].—Dining Rooms—Good and Bad.
By Joy Wheeler Dow
Rie ceLOnAOMES DU LEDING: i hey lt ouser Gardenia Sie etre rsst os eicce Pesos splay ahaa lees ct cca aed
SCIENCE FOR THE HoMeE: Humidity Within the House—Heating the House............
Tue Houseno tp: Furniture for Men—Cheap Baths
Civic BETTERMENT: The Business Aspect—The International Congress of Public Art.....
THE GARDEN: The Garden Month by Month (October)—The Bulb Planting
THE OBSERVER’S NoTE-Book: The Cheap Cottages Exhibition in England .............. 262
The Architect and His Charges. Publishers’ Department.
Fifty Suggestions for the House. New Building Patents.
New Books.
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, 1905. Price, 25 cents. $3.00 a year.
Combined Rate for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and AMERICAN HOMES AND
GARDENS, $5.00 per year. Rate of Subscription of AMERICAN HOMES AND
GARDENS. to foreign countries, $4.00 a WEG 8d Be :: i: Published Monthly by
MUNN & COMPANY, Office of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, 361 Broadway, New York.
[Copyright, 1905, by Munn & Company. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.]
NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he
cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be enclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy.
Ns Series of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BUILDING MONTHLY. Established in 1885.
Copyright, 1904, by Underwood & Underwood
A Garden in Old Japan
AMERICAN
‘“‘Drumthwacket”—The Steps in the Garden
222 AMERICAN HOMES
Monthly
HE booming of Newport has been one of the
novelties of the past summer. No place in
the world seems less in need of general ad-
vertising, for its fame is very great and very
present. A spot of historic interest belongs
to the past, and events concerned with it be-
ite to times that are gone; but Newport is with us, if not
exactly every day, at least so constantly that when it is not
actually in the public eye many people are thinking of it,
and the summer history furnishes food for talk and thought
during many a long winter month. Why, then, is not this
sufficient? ‘To the outsider it seems ample, but to the good
folk of Newport it appears that much may be yet done in at-
tracting people to its borders. A deliberate attempt has,
therefore, been made to bring people of moderate means to
Newport. That the rich have settled there, settled with an
abundance of costly dwellings, is known to all men; but it
seems this goodly company of the exclusives is not sufficient
‘for the pride of the summer capital. It has been imagined
that less wealthy people might make a better class of. resi-
dents, who would stay longer, and perhaps spend more
money, in proportion, than the rich settlers. Accordingly
Newport has been boomed, and boomed to a considerable
extent. It is as yet too early to note the results of this cam-
paign, which can not be agreeable to the wealthy residents,
who, after all, have made Newport what it is. Whether it
will result in the destruction of Newport’s present exclusive,
high-priced atmosphere remains to be seen. The results of
such a campaign may be quite different than what its pro-
moters anticipated.
THE booming of towns by concerted advertising has long
been a favorite American enterprise. It varies according to
the ends sought and the conditions of the locality. Some
towns are boomed for manufacturing purposes, and even
Newport did not escape this penalty of fame a few years
since, only to demonstrate that it was not suited for manu-
facturing purposes. Other towns are boomed as residential
sites; others for general conditions, or as summer and winter
resorts because of their various attractions. The latter form
of advertising is the most favored in the East, where its
necessity is the more felt, and its value, both to the advertiser
and the person responding to the advertisement, is more
quickly seen. In the West it is the manufacturing advantages
that are most generally advertised. All of these things are
fine examples of the value of advertising, and good instances
of the necessity of being ready to say a good word about
oneself.
THE approaching destruction of the earliest steel cage
building in New York, that its site be utilized for the erection
of a high building, is one of the most interesting illustrations
of the rapidity of modern changes in building construction
that has been recorded for a long time. The structure in
question is the Tower Building, built by Mr. Bradford L.
Gilbert only seventeen years ago, a building ten stories in
height, which it is now proposed to replace with one of twice
this altitude. It shows not only how rapidly our ideas con-
cerning large and tall buildings are extending, but it also
shows the great value of real estate in lower New York when
a building perfectly sound in construction, filled with tenants
and presumably returning an income on the capital invested,
can be torn down to make way for a larger building which
will certainly be more expensive to build. As to the profit-
AND~ GARDENS October, 1905
Comment
ableness of the new building, that is a matter in the future,
but it is apparent that the new venture would not be made
did not competent judges regard it as a good business
investment.
Tue formation of a mounted State constabulary by
. Pennsylvania, as established by a law adopted by the last
Legislature, is a significant and important movement, the
development of which will be keenly watched not only within
that commonwealth, but by all rural communities through-
out the country. The lack of police protection outside the
cities is one of the most serious evils of American life. It
has encouraged crime by the failure to provide means for
protection and detection. It is the first and greatest duty of
the State to protect its peoples, for the greatest safety lies in
giving such adequate protection that the fear of detection
and punishment will prevent the commission of crime. The
difficulties of protecting great stretches of rural land, such
as form the larger part of America, are, of course, very
great; but the dangers of non-protection have, each year, be-
come greater and greater, and the necessity of taking some
adequate steps has long been apparent. Pennsylvania has
taken the lead in this movement, and its subsequent develop-
ment will be watched everywhere with the deepest interest.
In a measure, these first steps will be largely experimental;
at least, it is not proposed to police the entire State at once,
but to begin in a modest way—the initial appropriation is
but $425,000—and to develop the work as its value is shown
and the means can be obtained to defray the expense.
TuHat the Woman’s Club has developed into a “ move-
ment ’’ has been apparent for a number of years. It is not
only a movement, but a dignified movement; one of great
usefulness and value, commanding and absorbing the thought
and time of many persons, to whom it has opened new ways
of activity, new modes of thought, given new ideas and led
to more useful lives. It has taken men a long time to under-
stand that there was any real basis of value in the Woman's
Club. The typical man’s club is one for social intercourse.
The Woman’s Club presented something different. Here
was a frantic searching of the encyclopedias in the prepara-
tion of abstruse papers on every conceivable theme. Fair
ladies who, but a month or two before, knew of Shakespeare
only as a great name, suddenly burst upon an amazed en-
vironment as the authors of learned Shakespearian disquisi-
tions. Literature was ransacked from beginning to end; his-
tory also, and travel; a general inquisitiveness sorted out the
whole knowledge of the world, and served it up of an after-
noon with tea and cake. It was hard to convince a mere
man that there was real value in any of this, or that the
good ladies were, in any true way, contributing to the learn-
ing of the world or even ministering to their own happiness.
Then a change swept over affairs. From past times the
Woman’s Clubs emigrated to the present. They began to
concern themselves with the life and the things around them.
The magic word “‘ reform” became the battle cry, and the
students of history and of literature became leaders in all
manners of good works. This saved the Woman’s Club,
and has made it one of the most useful of modern agencies
for betterment. Not all of this new energy has been wisely
directed; not all of the reforms proposed have been wise or
desirable: there has been much done that need not have been
done, and the world is much too busy to tolerate the unnec-
essary. But, on the whole, the later developments of the
Woman’s Club have been for good, and — good alone.
October, 1905
AMERICAN “HOMES
AND GARDENS 223
Notable American Homes
By Barr Ferree
‘“ Drumthwacket,’ Princeton, New Jersey: The House and the Estate
EITHER the real estate speculator nor the
land boomer has yet seized upon the beauti-
ful- town of Princeton as a scene for his
operations. This is a fortunate circum-
stance, for Princeton has grown and thriven
under the most delightful of auspices and
in a most delightful way. Rarely has academic culture had
a more beautiful site for its physical development, and
rarely has it developed in a more charming manner.
The charm of Princeton is so penetrating that it may be
felt by the most casual visitor and appreciated by the most
Stewardson, the Philadelphia architects, and masterworks
of collegiate Gothic in America; a group of buildings that
speak, in every stone, of true Gothic feeling and penetrating
modernity, the new interpretation of Gothic which must do
so much to revive this fine old art that, in its Victorian re-
vival, was so ill used and so little understood.
It is in these and in other new buildings, similar in style
and in feeling, that Princeton University proclaims her new
architectural supremacy, and which give both the University
and the town an interest and a beauty that they have never
had before. For, architecturally, old Princeton—the Uni-
“ Drumthwacket ’"—The Fountain
indifferent observer. The most ignorant of travelers would
know it was a university town, for on the instant of his ar-
rival he is confronted with the massive bulk of the great
tower of Blair Hall, a beautiful, stately structure that forms
one of a great group of dormitories that stretch along the
outer border of the University campus until they fetch up
against the gymnasium. A splendid group of buildings these,
a unit in design, whether they be called Blair Hall, Stafford
Little Hall or Gymnasium; an irregular group, ascending
and descending, twisting and turning, as the conformation of
the land determined; masterworks of Messrs. Cope &
versity—had few buildings of interest, however great may
be the affection with which they were and are regarded by
the older graduates. If the old buildings no longer seem
to have interest it is apparent that the new will long maintain
theirs—and add to it as decade passes decade.
The University, that meets one at the gate, permeates the
whole town. Whether, to the real Princetonian, there be a
difference between the University and the town I do not
know; but to the chance visitor there is no distinction between
the two. It is the University which has made the town,
and the town, on its part, gathers around the University as
224 AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS October, 1905
“*Drumthwacket”—The Entrance Front
children to their mother. And this is the first great fact that
the visitor learns. Here is a university town completely
isolated between the two great cities of New York and
Philadelphia, placed just off the modern main highway—the
Pennsylvania Railroad—so remote from its greater neighbors
that life within its scholarly precincts must be isolated,
whether one will or no—a town nurtured by the University
and existing for no other purpose.
But there is no medieval isolation here. Its streets are
lined with fine old houses; its roads stretch out amid beautiful
country estates; it is an active modern life that is lived here;
and over all is the spirit of culture, the guardian of the place,
the dominating influence, the force that has made the town
and given the University the world-wide distinction it has
long possessed. That the town is beautiful, beautifully
placed in country gently hilly and much of it deeply wooded,
is evident at a glance; but the cultured atmosphere of the
University dominates the whole place and gives it a supreme
charm. Asa mere site, as a beautiful piece of land, Prince-
ton would be delightful to live in; but as the seat of a great
university, as one of the most potent culture forces in Amer-
ica, it is ideal.
The University perhaps excites the greater amount of in-
terest among visitors to Princeton, but its historical associa-
tions are very large. The battle of Princeton, fought January
3, 1777, put fresh heart into the harassed American forces,
added new luster to the military genius of Washington, and
gave Princeton and its near-by fields imperishable fame.
This hallowed ground forms part of the estate of ‘‘ Drum-
thwacket.” It is a beautiful as well as an historic place,
comprising about 300 acres. It is, therefore, a property
of the first rank in size.
The name ‘“‘ Drumthwacket”’ comes from two Scotch
words, “‘ drum,” a hill, and “ thwacket,”’ a wood or forest,
akin to the English thicket. ‘‘ Drumthwacket”’ means,
therefore, ‘‘ the wooded hill.” The name was given to the
place about 1835.
It is approached through handsome gateways, fine drive-
ways from north and south leading to the house through
beautiful stretches of lawn and trees, bordered, for the most
part, with flowering shrubs, so planted that some part of
these drives will always be enlivened during the season with
brilliant blooming.
The house is a stately and beautiful structure, in describ-
ing which the word “ elegant ’”’ naturally comes to the mind.
And such it really is, for the central part, with its two-storied
colonnade, was built in 1832 by Governor Charles Smith
Olden, and has been retained, outwardly untouched, as the
center of the present stately mansion of the estate. Goy-
ernor Olden’s house, although generous in size and dignified
in proportions, was much too small to meet the requirements
of the dwelling house of a large estate planned and ar-
ranged in the closing years of the nineteenth century. The
problem before the owner and his architect was, therefore,
to devise a house large enough for modern needs which
would at once include the old mansion and not destroy its
integrity.
This was a matter of no small difficulty. There are few
things more hazardous than to add onto an old house any
considerable addition; it is much more serious when these
additions cover twice as much ground site as the original
structure, which can in no way be disturbed, and which must
not lose its importance nor its individuality. Mr. Raleigh
C. Gildersleeve, the architect of the new portions of the
house, accomplished his task with extraordinary sagacity and
success. At the very beginning of the work it was deter-
mined that the original mansion must remain absolutely in-
tact. This having been decided upon, the single remaining
problem was to design wings on either side in strict harmony
with the design of the original structure. There was per-
haps little call for originality in this process, but there was
ample need for careful study of the older building, and a very
urgent necessity for a study of its style and character, its
feeling, its detail. Mr. Gildersleeve’s position, as I under-
stand it, was not so much what he would do in extending the
4%
October, 1905
house, but what the original architect would have done had
he been called upon to design a larger house and one of
the dimensions now decided upon.
This is obviously not only the correct point of view to take,
but the only one, and the very admirable way in which the
building has been extended is satisfying evidence of its truth.
The house has been expanded and extended, therefore, in
strict harmony with the older part.
in height, with a low, sloping roof, in the center of which are
two large dormers opening immediately above the colonnade,
which reaches from end to end of this part. Both the colon-
nade and the roof have been omitted in the new parts, which
are two stories in height, plainly boarded on the outside, but
actually, like the older part, built of brick within, surmounted
with a severely molded cornice, above which is a pierced
balustrade or parapet. These wings are recessed behind
the front wall of the old building, but at the end the final
pavilions, with plain corner pilasters and pointed pediments,
are brought forward. Not all of this work was done at
once, and as a matter of fact neither wing is quite alike, the
windows of the second story being below the cornice in one
and cutting it in the other. The entire front—and the
building is elongated in plan, its depth being somewhat shal-
low in comparison with its great frontage—is thoroughly
harmonious, than which greater praise could not be given.
Inside the house the story is somewhat different. ‘The
plan of the older part was thoroughly typical of its day, and
consisted of a central hall, from which opened four rooms:
dining-room and kitchen to the right; two parlors to the
left. All of these rooms were small and quite unsuited for
the generous hospitality planned for the modernized dwelling
and which has since been carried out within it. It was ob-
viously necessary to effect a complete transformation of the
interior; but, while unavoidable, it was, at the same time,
determined to retain the old style and feeling as far as pos-
AMERICAN HOMES
The latter is two stories:
AND GARDENS
sible. It is sufficient to add that the interior restoration has
been as fortunate and as successful as that of the exterior.
The hall, which opens at the further end onto a porch
overlooking the garden, retains a number of its original
features. ‘The staircase, beyond an arch supported on pan-
eled pilasters, is new; but the hand rail is thoroughly Colo-
nial in feeling and thoroughly in harmony with the other
woodwork. ‘The door frames are decorated with small,
carved rosettes and have carved cornices; the superb doors
are of solid mahogany. ‘The yellow wall paper and the rugs
of deep red laid on the hardwood floor give a distinct charm
and gaiety to the hall, with the real quality of a joyous wel-
come.
On the left is the dining-room, completely occupying the
space formerly filled by the old parlor and library; the divid-
ing wall has been removed and the central beam supported on
pairs of columns. The original frieze—a delicately mod-
eled band—has survived, and its pattern has been reproduced
on the new parts. Architecturally, therefore, the room re-
tains the definite character of the period at which the house
was built. Most of the mantelpieces in the old house had
been more or less defaced before it came into the possession
of its present owner; but the new ones have, in each instance,
been very charmingly designed in the older style, and are
completely in keeping with the rooms in which they stand.
The dining-room is a green room; the walls hung with
green silk, mildly flowered; the window curtains are of green
plush; the rug is green. A wainscoting of white wood en-
tirely surrounds the base of the walls, and each ceiling of the
two parts forms a single square panel, plainly molded. There
are two mantels, one for each part of the room, and the walls
are hung with prints and photographs, many of them having
direct relation to Princeton. A sideboard—seen in the
photograph to the right—once stood in the house of Richard
Stockton, the signer of the Declaration of Independence,
225
“ Drumthwacket’”°—The Dining-Room
EERE FS
226
> of Princeton
which to-day is quite as much a “ show place’
as when it was built, between 1701 and 1709.
On the right of the hall are two rooms, one front and one
back, which. retain their original dimensions. ‘The front
room is a morning-room or reception-room. It is a yellow
room, with yellow walls and white wood trim, and yellow
furniture with mahogany frames. All of the woodwork and
permanent fixtures are original except the mantel, which, for
the reason already stated, is new. But behind it, in the
chimney breast, are the little side cupboards built by the
original builder. ‘The doorways are small and, like the
window frames, are surmounted with low, flat pediments.
The adjoining room to the rear is the billiard-room. ‘The
walls are a delicate blue; the curtains a light blue velvet;
carpet of the same hue surrounds the billiard table, which,
AMERICAN HOMES
TT
AND GARDENS October, 1905
Beyond the drawing-room is the library. To its cultured
owner this is easily the most important room in the house by
reason of its fine literary contents, and it is fully that by rea-
son of its great structural beauty. It is designed in the
Tudor style, the walls lined throughout with books, save
where discontinued for the handsome fireplace and chimney
of Caen stone, the ceiling beamed with white panels. The
curtains are of green and yellow, the rug green. The book-
cases are a part of the permanent fixtures of the room, but it
would scarcely be correct to speak of them as built in, for
the window frames are built out to their outer edge. The
bookcases do not, therefore, extend into the room, but the
entire apartment is surrounded with an inner frame of wood,
under a part of which are the shelves for the books and
under the other part the windows. It is a spacious room, the
? ry
7
AL
‘“* Drumthwacket ’”’—The Drawing-Room
owing to the somewhat restricted dimensions of the room,
completely fills the center. A door on the side at the further
end opens onto an open terrace floored with brick, and of
which the furniture—table and benches—are marble.
A triple doorway, one end of which opens from the morn-
ing-room, the other two ends from the billiard-room, abutting
against the dividing wall, leads to the drawing-room. This
is in the new part of the house and is several steps lower than
the older part. It is, therefore, a distinctly modern room,
very beautifully detailed; the walls are paneled, the door-
ways are arched, and between the further. pair of arches is
an elaborately carved Italian marble mantelpiece. The
walls are hung with damask of a rich maroon hue, and the
curtains and furniture are of the same color. The wall
panels, wainscot and other woodwork are painted white.
inner dimensions from frame to frame being about 33 x 21
feet. It is a room that glows with light, so broad and
ample are the windows; and it is also permeated with a dis-
tinct architectural charm, so agreeable is its form, so well
studied its detail, so delightful the effect of the whole. It
is a library to live in and to work in, and every part of it
speaks aloud the profound interest and affection of its owner,
not alone for the room, but for the carefully chosen collection
of books which are at once its finest adornment and chiefest
treasure. Yet there are other treasures in the room than the
books. Most of the furniture is made from ancient oak
obtained from an old English school. Just before the fire-
place—it can be discerned in the photograph—is a little
wooden stand made by James Madison. In one of the book-
cases is a tea set that belonged to Dolly Madison, and there
October, 1905
are other rare ob-
jects here, among
which a cannon ball
picked up on the ad-
joining battlefield is
not the least inter-
esting.
Thence into the
garden, which is best
approached from
the door under the
stairs at the end
of the hall. One
pauses there instinct-
ively for a first rapid
glance at the bril-
liant scene, at the
row of fine old trees
immediately with-
out, at the graceful
terraces with their
surmounting _ balus-
trades, at the gaily
blooming flower
beds, at the great
fountain which is
the center of the
whole. It is a lovely
and splendid spot,
lovely by reason of
its varied flowering,
splendid in its rich
architectural equipment.
by Mr. Daniel W. Langton, in conjunction with Mr.
R. C. Gildersleeve, the architect of the house.
AND GARDENS
AUN EARINGACN te EOoM.ES
“ Drumthwacket "—A Gateway
i)
i)
~
The garden prob-
lem was fivefold:
the creation of a
formal garden in
immediate juxtapo-
sition with the
house; the adjust-
ment of this garden
to -the near-by
grounds; the plan-
ning and arrange-
ment of the other
grounds near the
house, more particu-
larly those immedi-
ately facing the en-
trance front; the
utilization of the
forest areas and the
making of paths in
them; and, finally, a
suitable merging of
the house grounds
into the farm lands
which constitute the
major part of the
estate. Land there
was aplenty, pre-
senting a quite ex-
cusable temptation
to design orna-
mental grounds on a
It was designed and planted very large scale. Ample, indeed, these parts had to be, for
““Drumthwacket ’°—The Garden Terrace
an estate and a house of such large dimensions. ‘The subse-
quent development of the grounds shows that exactly the
228
right scale was adopted. ‘They are ample as a decorative ad-
junct to the house, and they are large enough to count
sufficiently in any rapid survey of the entire property.
As has been intimated, the formal garden is at the back of
the house. Immediately below the porch is a grassed terrace.
A broad, central path, crossed by another just before the in-
closing wall, leads to a short flight of steps by which the
lower and larger terrace is reached, on which is the formal
garden proper. On the side next the house this garden ter-
race is inclosed within a wall which supports the upper ter-
race; on the other three sides it is inclosed within a grano-
lithic balustrade, already taking on a fine discoloration sug-
gestive of age. At the steps, at the corners, and at other
points of emphasis are high piers surmounted with vases;
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS October, 1905
Beyond the bounding balustrade the ground dips rapidly,
so that the next terrace is considerably below the fountain
terrace. In the center is a flight of steps, monumental in
design and scale, dividing to the right and left, and return-
ing below, where, underneath an archway, is a delicious
wall fountain. The beautiful green sward here is set
apart on one side as a tennis court and on the other as
a bowling green. ‘The outer borders on all sides are in-
closed within a hemlock hedge; an arched opening on one
side gives a beautiful view to a lake and the country
beyond.
Then more steps to the lowest level of all. Just before
one is a circular pool of water, retained within large stones,
and just above it is a wonderful old beech tree, said to be
—
5 - ° ———
hidipna.
“* Drumthwacket’’—The Library
smaller piers in the balustrade and walls carry boxes of plants.
Exactly in the center, and the focus of the whole garden,
is a fountain of white marble, treasure trove from Italy, a
work destined by an ancient noble family of Padua for the
republic of Venice; it never reached its destination, but re-
mained in Padua, and has at last found a permanent resting
place in this beautiful American home. Two broad paths
cross at the fountain, dividing the surrounding space into
four grassed plots edged with flower borders beauti-
fully selected and arranged. The planting of these
grounds has been so chosen that there is a constant suc-
cession and change of bloom, once the season has set in,
until fall. Hence it is always beautiful and always alive
with flowers, and with interest.
the largest of its kind in the United States. Then, all
at once, you find yourself in the forest, for the garden,
on its outer borders, is inclosed within a thick wooded
growth of true forest quality. Fine walks run through
this beautiful woodland, in which wild flowers are en-
couraged to bloom their utmost, the paths marked, from
time to time, with fine marble vases; at one corner a marble
bird bath carefully emptied and cleaned each day; and
so, through the woods, until the open ground is reached
once more, passing the deer park the meanwhile, and
thence through an alley of young trees back to the formal
garden.
The treatment of the grounds on the entrance front of
the house is very different. There is all openness, not bare
prewe il
October, 1905
and barren, but thickly
grassed, with fine old forest
monarchs amply spaced, add-
ing spaciousness of effect to
the ground they shadow with
their lofty branches. There
are no ornamental touches
here, for the great trees are
so fine that no art could make
them finer; but there is the
quiet and the serenity of a
shaded place in the country,
than which there could be
nothing more peaceful nor
more delightful.
Of the remainder of the
near-by grounds I need say but
little. That the formal gar-
den is inclosed has already
been made clear; but the
rigidity of its inclosure is,
without, softened by clumps of
shrubs and banks of bushes,
some one or other of which is
ever in bloom, according to its
season, and the same treat-
ment of hedges and masses of
foliage is employed in a very
able manner to lessen the differences between the house
grounds and the more ample area of the farm.
The floral planting is thus gradually merged into the more
utilitarian activities of the farm, which, owing to the size of
AMERICAN -HOMES
“Drumthwacke?’—The Sun Dial
AN DD) (GAR Dress 229
garden form the chief features
of the land. he farm barn,
a handsome structure designed
by Mr. Gildersleeve, is placed
at a distant point of the estate.
And all this is sacred land.
On these broad fertile acres
the battle of Princeton was
fought out. Yonder is the
cottage in which General Mer-
cer died; beyond is the little
old Quaker meeting house
from which Washington di-
rected his men; at the Red
House, in another direction,
Mrs. Moore had her leg shot
off by a cannon ball.
One other building of inter-
est remains to be noted. This
is the house of Thomas Olden,
which stands under the trees
beyond the entrance front of
‘““Drumthwacket ”’ house. It
is a quaint little old structure,
and is believed to have been
the house of the original
settler on this site, William
Olden, who came to Princeton
in 1696, when he purchased the estate from William Penn. It
is one of the oldest buildings in the vicinity, and is now an
aviary for a fine collection of rare birds, maintained in beauti-
ful order, and affords a strong contrast with the greater house
the estate, are carried on in an extended manner. Broad _ near by. It is an excellent type of the houses built in this part
fields of grass, corn and grain and a well-stocked market
“Drumthwacket’”—The Upper Terrace
of America in the early “ears of the eighteenth century.
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS October, 1905
The Bungalow of A. A. Whitman, Esq.
Navesink Highlands, New Jersey
FRI HE bungalow of A. A. Whitman, Esq., at
M Navesink Highlands, N. J., is very charm-
ingly placed on a little plateau on the side of
a hill, and among the trees which abound
-¢-in- the Highlands. From the piazza a
reek, broad view is obtained of the Shrewsbury
River, Sandy Hook and the Atlantic Ocean.
_ The style-of the house is a shingled gambrel country
house of a rather picturesque type. The foundation is partly
of brick piers, and the rest cedar and locust posts, the whole
of which are covered in and are not exposed to view. The
A Meeting
exterior of the house is covered entirely with shingles, both
the walls and roof. The body of the house is stained a soft,
woody green, while the roof is a silver gray. All the trim-
mings are painted white, including the sash. The blinds are
painted a dark ivy green.
The first story contains a living-room, dining-room, kitchen
and. its dependencies, and the second story contains three bed-
rooms, two nurseries and two bathrooms.
The hall is a central one and has a staircase rising up to
the second floor, in combination with the rear stairway. The
studding and floor beams are exposed to view in the living-
room and are stained a dull brown color. The walls have
a dado of burlap, above which, between the studding, they
are covered with a heavy building paper, the whole of which
is stained with a harmonious effect. The fireplace is built of
hard, well burned brick with a hearth of the same, and a fac-
ing rising high up under the mantelshelf. The small, latticed
windows add much to the appearance of this room.
The dining-room is plastered and has a dado effect, with
plate rack shelf at the top. The kitchen and service portion
throughout is plastered, as are also all the sleeping-rooms
and bathroom in the second and third stories. All the wood-
of Gables
work of the rooms is stained, excepting two of the bed-
rooms and bathroom, which are painted.
The third floor contains the servant quarters, trunk room,
and a large playroom, so arranged that it can be made into
two bedrooms whenever the occasion demands. The house
throughout is provided with hard pine floors, electric bells
and modern plumbing. The bathrooms are furnished with
porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The
equipment throughout is of the best.
Mr. Ernest M. A. Machado, architect, No. 9 Cornhill
Street, Boston, Mass.
October, 1905 AMERTCAN-GHOMES AND GARDENS
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WwW
_=
The Living Room
The Porch Front
The Bungalow of A. A. Whitman, Esq., Navesink Highlands, New Jersey
232
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS October, 1905
‘The Monastery,’ the House of Charles P. Searle, Esq.
Swampscott,
SMG HE very unusual house of Mr. Charles P.
Searle, at Philip Beach, Swampscott, Mass.,
attracts attention both by the novelty of its
design and its very extraordinary situation;
for much of the inner part of the house
overhangs the sea in a_ quite literal
sense, although the entrance front, embowered in large
trees, hardly suggests such a situation.
inclosed with a stone wall, whose plainly cut arches and
curved crest are repeated again in the forms of the entrance
porch. Placed as it is on a rock, the design of the house has
called for clever planning, with an adaptation to the various
The grounds are.
Massachusetts
levels of the site and an economical utilization of the ayail-
able area. ‘The color scheme is quite unusual: the walls are
gray, the roof brilliant red, the latticed windows pea green.
The entrance porch is applied diagonally to the main struc-
ture, and faces a forecourt within the inclosing wall.
The principal door opens onto a vestibule in green and
white, beyond which is the hall. ‘This is a great, vaulted
apartment two stories in height, finished in a very unusual
and original manner. The walls are paneled to the springing
of the vault arches and colored French gray; the upper walls
are entirely filled with lattice work of pea green. There is
a large mantel of gray stone, with a carved overmantel with
“The Monastery ’:-—The Entrance Front
October, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 233
“The Monastery ’’—The Hall
festoons in relief above. At the further end are the stairs,
partly inclosed within open woodwork. ‘The walls of the
upper landing are covered with palm leaf paper in green and
white; the balustrade is painted green, and a green carpet is
laid on the stairs.
At the head of the stairs is the morning-room, finished in
the same way, with palm leaf paper and with green paint.
It opens onto a large porch so close to the edge of the rock
that the water is practically below it. The dining-room ad-
joins the morning-room and is finished in gray, with green
wall decorations. The service rooms and kitchen adjoin the
dining-room and are continued along the hall.
Another portion of the house opens to the right of the
vestibule and hall. Here is a small stair-hall, with a private
stair to the upper floor. Immediately adjoining it is Mr.
Searle’s room, which is finished in yellow. It has a tiled
mantel and paneled seats. Beyond it, with a large doorway
opening into the hall, is the music-room. The woodwork is
painted gray and the walls are covered with pink and white
paper. There is a white marble mantel, and the furni-
ture is chiefly antique. Curtains of pink and white add to
the very distinctive cheer and charm of this apartment.
It is easy to see and to understand the charm of this house,
for charm it is in very agreeable and penetrating quantity.
It is quaintly conceived, a striking, marked house of distin-
guished individuality, yet very well done. If there be oddity
in the leading lines there is at least no eccentricity, no note of
awkwardness, no effort at effect. On the contrary, there is a
very natural development of good lines beautifully harmo-
nized and very satisfactory in themselves.
This is the real secret of the success of the house. It is
good, and goodness in a house sums up and includes about
all the excellencies to domestic buildings that need to be con-
sidered by either the architect or the client.
The interest of this house centers chiefly in form and in
line. Each of these important parts, considered separately
and together, have been well studied. The situation also adds
greatly to its charm. Perhaps any dwelling would be interest-
ing here, any one well designed and well executed; but Mr.
Searle has been fortunate in obtaining a house that adds to
the interest of his site, adds to it in a thoroughly compre-
hensive and complete manner.
234 AMERVEAN HOMES’
“AND GARDENS October, 1905
The Residence of Francis B. Rice, Esq.
Westwood, Massachusetts
Westwood, Mass., is deerencd in an eas
ive manner with Colonial detail. The small,
lighted windows, with white painted wooden
shutters, give a quaintness to the general
effect. The building is constructed of
red brick aie white granite and Indiana limestone trim-
mings. The porches and main cornice are of wood. The
roof is covered with shingles and is stained a dark green.
The entrance is into a vestibule from which a short flight
of stairs rises up to the level of the living-room floor. This
living-room is trimmed with wood, painted white, with
mahogany doors. The walls have a low, paneled wainscoting.
The staircase rises up at one side to a broad landing, from
which another short flight of stairs rises up to the second
story. [he archway separating the stairs from the living-
room is supported on Ionic columns;
forms the newel post from which the balustrade and mahog-
any rail spring. [onic pilasters, corresponding with columns,
are placed at stated intervals on the three other sides of the
room, giving it a classic characteristic; the whole supports a
massive wooden frieze. The fireplace is built with Roman
brick and the facings and hearth are of the same, and a
mantel of Colonial style with a paneled overmantel.
The den is treated in forest green, while the library is
trimmed with white wood and is painted ivory-white, with
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October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 235
mahogany doors. Each has
an open fireplace furnished
with tiled facings and
hearth, and mantels of Co-
lonial style. The library
has bookcases built in.
The dining-room is
trimmed with mahogany eke. Tibco:
and has a paneled wainscot- ‘fiawktee 1 |
ing and a wooden cornice.
The ingle-nook contains an
open fireplace with Roman
brick facings and _ hearth,
and-a mantel, and there are
paneled seats at either side.
The china closet is fitted up
with bowl, dresser, cup-
boards, etc. The kitchen and
its dependencies are fitted
with all the best modern
conveniences, and the serv-
ants’ alcove forms a place
off from the kitchen for the
servants to rest, etc. Each
are fitted up with closets,
dressers, fireplace for range,
etc. The second floor con- The Hall
tains three master rooms
and dressing-room, two bathrooms and a linen closet, besides cellar contains the heating apparatus and fuel rooms,
three servant rooms. Each of the master rooms has an laundry, etc. ;
open fireplace, one of which is recessed into an alcove. The Mr. James Purdon, architect, No. 8 Beacon Street,
third floor contains two bedrooms and ample storage. The Boston, Mass. es
Another View of the House Par Se
The Residence of Francis B. Rice, Esq., Westwood, ‘Massachusetts ~
236 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905
The Summer Home
of Alfred J. Nathan, Esq.
Elberon, New Jersey
SYN T IS perfectly true that the building
) in this country of the summer home
ul is much more elaborately and ex-
Be pensively done than it has ever been
-? before, and it is also equally true
that it is possible to obtain a very
excellent result by the co-operation of a little com-
mon sense on the part of the owner and a little good
taste on the part of a well trained architect, to build
an attractive and serviceable house.
The house and garden belonging to Alfred J.
Nathan, Esq., at Elberon, N. J., was built from
plans prepared by Mr. A. J. Manning, who has
exercised a great deal of care in the planning of the
house and the laying out of the grounds which sur-
round it and form its setting. The site is a long, un-
attractive sand flat extending from Ocean Avenue to
the edge of the Atlantic Ocean, but by raising a ter-
race around the house and depressing the grade at
the north end a very attractive effect has been made
by relieving the monotony of the extensive level and
entirely changing the topography from a flat piece
of land to an uneven surface.
The grounds were laid out with a view to secur-
ing the greatest amount of lawn space, and in order
to obtain this the stable and gate lodge were placed
at the avenue end of the site, while the driveway was
placed at the extreme northern boundary of the ‘\ee wl fey.
property, from which a sweeping road leads up to Seana ie
the porte-cochére at the front of the house. The ie nh
main driveway continues through a gateway into SY
this depressed inclosure with high brick walls, which | orf’ >
form the service facilities for the house. The grade | ete ee ee taal
of this inclosure is on the level with the basement JS =)
floor, in which the kitchen is placed.
At the front of the house is a small pool, circular
in form, in the center of which is a graceful little
figure of a Cupid embracing a dolphin, from whose
mouth a jet of water plays into the air, and then
splashes over the numerous water lilies floating upon
the surface of the pool. Marble seats are placed at
intervals around the pool.
To the south side of the house the sunken garden
is placed, and is reached by marble steps. It is a
large, rectangular area, and laid out with graveled
walks, meeting in a central circle, in the middle of
which is placed a handsomely carved sun-dial. At
one side, opposite the stone steps, is a great stone
semicircular seat of marble, with vases on either
side. Other marble seats are placed at the end of
the crosswalks. ‘The planting of this garden and
the estate in general are extensive and effective.
The house is constructed with red brick for the
first story and stucco for the second story and gables,
the whole being crowned with a Spanish tile roof of
a brilliant tone of color, very much in keeping with
the design, which is of the Spanish style of archi-
tecture. After passing through the vestibule, which
is provided with a coat closet on one side and a toilet
on the other, the main hall is reached. ‘This hall,
30 x 40 feet, with the trim in the Spanish style, is
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AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
The
treated with white enamel paint. The floor is covered with
crimson velvet, blending well with the crimson wall scheme
with harmonious effect. The staircase sweeps up to one
side of the room with painted balustrade and mahogany rail,
while at the opposite side the entire space is oc-
cupied with French windows opening on the piazza
at the ocean side of the house. The walls have a
House
forms access to the servants’ quarters, which are placed on the
third floor. The basement not only contains the kitchen
and its dependencies, but a laundry, heating apparatus, fuel
rooms, etc. The house was designed and built with a view to
paneled wainscoting, and the ceiling has mass- =.
ive beams supported on pilasters with carved
capitals.
The drawing-room is 28 x 24 feet, and is treated 4
in the French style; the walls have a paneled wain-
scoting, above which the space is covered with a
green and white decoration; the whole is sur-
mounted with a massive cornice. The woodwork
is treated with white enamel paint. The fireplace,
which forms the principal characteristic of the f
room, has a hearth and facings of pavanazzo
marble, and a mantel which is carved in an elab-
orate manner.
The dining-room is trimmed with oak, treated in
Flemish style. It has a paneled wainscoting and a
wooden cornice, a buffet built in and a massive fire-
ss
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place, and a mantel of Caen stone elaborately
carved. On either side of the fireplace are nooks
provided with paneled seats. The butler’s pantry
is fitted with all the best improvements, containing
a dumb-waiter to the kitchen and its dependencies,
which are placed in the basement.
The second floor contains five bedrooms fitted
with large closets and four bathrooms, the trim of
each is painted with white enamel, and each room
is carried out in a particular color scheme in its
wall decorations and furnishings. The bathrooms are
furnished with tiled wainscotings and floor, and are sup-
plied with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumb-
ing. A private stairway from the basement to the third floor
meeting all the necessary requirements for a well regulated
summer home.
Mr. A. J. Manning, architect, No. 7 East 42d Street,
New York,
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PORTE COCHERE
FIRST STORY
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AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
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A Marble Seat
The Summer Home of Alfred J. Nathan, Esq., Elberon, New Jersey
October, 1905
AEE RGN SOE S AND GARDENS 239
October, 1905
The Fountain
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The
The Summer Home of Alfred J. Nathan, Esq., Elberon, New Jersey
240
AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDEWS
October, 1905
The Country Home of John R. Sherman, Esq.
Port Henry, New York
J HE country home of John R. Sherman, Esq.,
is at Port Henry, N. Y. This field stone,
shingle and half-timber house presents a
very happy combination, and the color
scheme and its whole environment give a har-
monious effect.
The underpinning and the first story are built of field stone
laid up at random, and in such a manner as to preserve the
moss on the stones and not to show the mortar joints. The
second story is of wood, and the exterior is covered with
white cedar shingles, which are left to weather finish. The
third story and gables are beamed. ‘These beams are stained
a soft brown color, while the stucco which is placed between
the beams is of its natural silver-gray color. The roof is
covered with shingles and is stained a brilliant red. All the
trimmings are painted a soft brown color.
The entrance and living-halls are thrown into one apart-
ment, and the whole is finished so as to present one large
living-room. ‘This living-hall is trimmed with pine and is
treated with ivory-white enamel. It has a high paneled wain-
scoting, above which the walls are treated with crimson
decoration. ‘The ceiling is beamed. ‘These beams are sup-
ported on columns and pilasters.
The fireplace has facings and a hearth of Pavonazetto
marble, and a mantel of chaste design of the Colonial style,
handsomely carved, and provided with an overmantel with
a paneled center and columns on either side. The doors have
one panel, and are of mahogany. ‘The stairway is of hand-
some design, with painted balusters and mahogany rail.
These. stairs are recessed into a stair-hall. The main en-
trance is from the porte-cochére. The music-room is treated
with ivory-white, and it has a wall covered with golden silk.
Concluded on page 245
CHEN
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fen
October, 1905 ANE RecN eet OMES AND GARDENS 241
The Empire Dining-Room
The Country Home of John R. Sherman, Esq., Port Henry, New York
October, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
242
f
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Hall
The
The Country Home of John R. Sherman,
New York
Esgq., Port Henry,
October, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 243
How to Lay Out a Wild Wood Garden
By Leila Mechlin
N SPITE of the present enthusiasm for gar-
den lore and the great variety of existing
gardens, there are few persons who have
heard of, or attempted the making of a gar-
den in the woods. We have English gar-
dens, Italian gardens, formal gardens and
old-fashioned gardens galore, but very few wild gardens.
The name itself has a paradoxical ring, since all gardens
but the first have been made by man, and in large measure
derived their charm by submission to his will. That it is
not, however, an anomaly an ardent lover of the outdoor
world has proved.
Some of the happiest results are brought about by un-
toward conditions, and so it happened that when five years
ago Dr. Charles W. Richardson, of Washington, D. C.,
was confronted with the perplexing problem what to do
with the loose lying stones on a recently purchased suburban
estate, the solution of his difficulty, suggested by his wife,
became the inception of a wild rock garden, unique in con-
struction, delightful in character.
The location for such a garden was ideal. From the
road the land rose with sufficient abruptness to give to the
house crowning its eminence both privacy and a vista; at
the summit it rolled itself out into a fairly broad plateau;
dipped into a tiny dell, and finally lost itself in a well de-
fined glade which wandered through the woods with a
pleasant indifference of direction. The front slope has
been ordered into a park; the top land utilized in part for
a green, a formal flower garden and a kitchen garden;
but beyond the dell, on the rear of the estate, occupying a bit
-
The Japanese Point Where the Paths Divide
sloping hillsides, over an acre and a half in all, is the rock
of the plateau, and comprehending the glade and the gently garden.
The Rhodendron Mound and the Day Lillies
The first step in the construction of this garden was
the laying out of paths, and this was taken with thought-
ful regard of a natural order. The stones, obstacles in
the making of the park and green, were carried hence and
dropped, first in a defining line, and then one on another
to form pockets for the proper elevation of certain plants.
Conventionality was scrupulously avoided, and the wilful,
unsystematic spirit of the woods carefully preserved.
Certain clearing of the underbrush and trees was of course
necessary, but in the main nature’s arrangement was ad-
hered to. The paths are allowed to lead from place to
place without apparent purpose; curving in and out, meet-
ing and separating, affording vistas and forming secluded
nooks; marked in places by a single row of rocks and pass-
ing in others through rocky, sloping walls, waist high.
To overcome the inconvenience of abrupt slopes and gully
washing steps have been constructed, at wide intervals,
with long gravel treads and log lifts—picturesque, and
at the same time informal. In the same spirit a rustic,
Japanese covered seat has been erected at the parting of
two walks to give the sojourner a sheltered rest, and here
and there log benches have been disposed. An effort has
been made, also, to produce variety in the several pros-
pects. In one large section a wild lawn has been made a
feature, and in another a group of beeches has been util-
ized to good effect.
Once planned and fairly started, the collection of plants
began, and from every roadside and meadow in the vicin-
ity of the District of Columbia Mrs. Richardson gath-
ered specimens, transplanting wisely, and replacing as
nearly as possible each one in its natural environment
A Portion of the Wild Lawn
Later on, as the plan and garden grew, both through friends
and as the result of summer travel, contributions were
brought in from outside, until now, passing through the
garden, there will be found here and there, happily domesti-
cated, a little stranger from some distant clime. These, in
many instances, are peculiarly charming, serving as interest-
ing mementos; but they are no whit more treasured than their
native neighbors.
Mrs. Richardson has not restricted her collection to what
are commonly known as wild flowers, but she has forbidden
admission to all save hardy plants. The common garden
annuals are given place elsewhere, and here only those sturdy
enough to stand an outdoor winter are made welcome.
At first the flowers were planted in groups according to
their blossoming periods—that is, in a spring bed, a summer
bed and an autumn border—but almost directly it was
discovered that this left sections of the garden barren for a
large portion of the year and the order was abandoned for
one of general mingling.
In the crevices of the rocks are placed bulbs, more than a
thousand, and tiny plants habitually clinging or peculiarly
suited to a stony soil; beyond these, on the crest, come the
more vigorous plants, according to
height, with lastly a row, or group,
of bushes as a changing background.
Though of apparent careless con-
struction, an effort has been made
to bring into close relationship
flowers harmonious in color, whose
forms will also in some degree sup-
plement each other. ‘The tall, con-
ventional iris is grown side by side
with the graceful, drooping colum-
bine; the wild geranium rises from
a bed of ferns; the foxglove is
brought in conjunction with the
pink spirea. In some way the fox-
glove, which of recent years has
renewed its popularity, seems
peculiarly at home in the woods,
loosing the stiffness that it so often
affects in an ordinary garden, and
fitting in with its wild environment
with delightful grace. Possibly it
needs the leafy background—pos-
sibly it rejoices in its release from
captivity, its return to freedom.
Certainly it assumes a new air and
AMERICAN HOMES
GARDENS
puts forth its best floral effort. No
prettier sight is to be seen in this
garden of the woods than a border
of pink and white foxgloves, stand-
ing among the rocks by the side of
a path, wisely nodding their heads
in answer to the passing breeze.
But it is dificult to say which
flower in such a garden is the most
lovely, or to be the most highly
prized, each, in its turn, excelling
the last.
And what a quantity of them
there are, and how closely they fol-
low in each other’s footsteps!
Earliest in the spring, when the
garden is seemingly only a wilder-
ness of rocks and bare soil, peepinz
up among the rocks and around the
tree trunks will be whole families
of sober little Quaker ladies, or
bluettes, as they are commonly
called, with here and there a venturesome violet, a snow-
drop or a timid anemone. Later, when the ferns are back-
ing up out of the ground, for all the world like great brown
hairpins, the tulips and jonquils will come, with the arbutus,
the earliest spirea, the dogwood and the fruit blossoms.
After these tramp the wild azalea, the laurel, the rhododen-
drons, the iris, the columbine, the wild geranium and the
native honeysuckle. Meanwhile, the trees have been shak-
ing out their mantles, the ground has been putting down its
carpet, and the Japanese maple has been stretching out its
red, dainty fingers to the sun. Then they come in a rush,
fairly falling over each other in their haste for expression,
regardless of the shortness of life, passing sometimes in
a single day, when no human eye has noted either their
entrance or their exit. Now come the native hydrangeas,
the foxgloves, the roses, the lilies and the ferns. Then,
by and by, we shall have the mallows, the brown-eyed susans,
the tall, native spirea, the gaudy tiger lilies and many-colored
asters, the goldenrod and the sumac. These familiar
friends and many others come and go—here to-day,
gone to-morrow—returning season after season as faithful
playmates keeping a tryst. Thus the wild garden, even
AND October, 1905
The Entrance to the Garden, with its Ferns among the Rocks
October, 1905
more truly than the cultivated garden, is a summer calendar,
recording by its flora the progress of the season; and, turn-
ing its pages one by one, the reader will find it the chron-
icle of an ever-changing story, imbued from start to finish
with deepest interest.
It is, in a measure, this changeableness which makes a
rock garden so alluring. The wild flowers show to a sur-
prising degree a will of their own, and manifest in their
short lifetimes an amazing amount of independence. Some,
for example, do not appear at the scheduled time, lagging
behind or rashly preceding their brethren. Others will not
stay where they are placed, but year after year perversely re-
plant themselves in awkward but
more congenial positions. Away
off among the ferns in June
you may find, guiltily blooming, a
truant sweet william, planted
months before at the other end of
the garden; or some early spring
morning, when the frosts are still
imminent, you may discover a
venturesome little rose blossoming
in the open. There is a chapter
sometimes of accidents, but always
of surprises.
But it must not be imagined that
a rock garden resembles in any re-
spect a flower garden, or is even
primarily dependent upon its blos-
soms for its charm. Though Mrs.
Richardson has in her garden sev-
eral hundred varieties of flowering
plants, there is never a time when
the blossoms force the attention of
the visitor. Even at the time of
greatest abundance they reserve
their beauty for those who seek
them, and in this wise heighten
their interest and intrinsic worth. There is, undoubtedly,
something vastly impressive in a mass of blossoms—in a riot
of floral color—but Nature rarely paints with a lavish palette,
and when left to her own devices produces daintier, more
moderate themes. One may find sensuous delight in a bed of
gaudy poppies, of marigolds, of phlox; but when peeping
under a bush you find a truss of red, wild strawberries, or,
parting some twigs, you come unexpectedly upon a wind-
blown brier rose, your joy will be of deeper root and partake
of the ecstasy of a discoverer.
All the blossoms in the wild garden are not, it is true,
hidden away. Many are frankly in evidence, and present
ANCE RPCA-N\GHOMES
A Rustic Summer House in a Shady Nook
AND GARDENS 245
trom time to time brave fronts of color. But they are not
separated from their environment, as in a house garden, and
therefore, to a casual observer, become a part of their sur-
roundings. Such a garden is, by turns, a gray or green or
golden picture, in the composition of which the flowers play
a small but definite part.
And in connection with the green picture it will be well
to turn aside momentarily and observe the ferns. Of them
Mrs. Richardson has made a specialty, getting together
line native varieties and massing them, individually and with
flowers, to charming effect. Beneath one splendid white
beech she has planted maidenhair, until the entire ground
is carpeted with it as for a fairy
revel. ‘To these and to the iris she
has given the glade, shading them
on the open side with a privet
hedge. High up on the hill,
forming a central mound, she has
planted her rhododendrons, and
off to one side she has made a
Japanese point, with stunted trees
and shrubs brought from the land
of the Mikado. It is constantly
not only changing but growing.
Year by year the garden receives
new treasures and presents addi-
tional features. It has taken both
care and time to order and direct
its development; for, in spite of
its name, it has needed much at-
tention. It is not easy to keep
wild things within bounds: the
strong must be prevented from
overpowering the weak, and new-
comers proving desirable must be
succored against those which
come unbidden and manifest
themselves to be unworthy com-
panions. Mrs. Richardson has done much of this work
as well as the planning herself, but it has been done
gradually, and for every effort expended the garden has
returned her fourfold. It has proved a perennial pleas-
ure, a restful retreat and a charming botanical treasure
house. It is unique but not distorted; large but not lavish;
a work of combined skill and patience which, given the
same physical conditions, might be readily duplicated; but
above and beyond all these it is a beautiful adaptation of
nature. This, after all, is the finest success to achieve
with a garden, and to it must be added the great
novelty this garden possesses.
The Country Home of John R. Sherman, Esq.
Concluded from page 240
The library is trimmed with oak, treated with a Flemish
brown. This room is an attractive apartment, with windows
at either end fitted with paneled seats, and an open fireplace
furnished with facings of Caen stone, with a carved keystone
showing a crest. The walls are paneled from the floor to
the ceiling, and the latter is beamed, forming deep panels.
There are bookcases built in. ‘The mantel is handsomely
carved with a paneled and carved overmantel, and it forms
the important characteristic of the entire room.
The dining-room is trimmed with red mahogany. It has
a paneled wainscoting, above which the walls are covered
with green silk. The ceiling is beamed, forming deep panels;
the spaces between the beams being finished with a gold
treatment. The open fireplace has marble facings and
hearth and a paneled mantel and overmantel; both are orna-
mented with brass in the Empire style.
The second floor is planned with five bedrooms, boudoir,
breakfast-room, three bathrooms, besides four servant bed-
rooms and bath, which are placed over the extension. This
floor is treated with white enamel, and the doors are one panel
and are of mahogany. ‘The boudoir has walls covered with
blue silk, with curtains to match. ‘The walls are paneled;
some of the panels are filled in with plate-glass mirrors. The
fireplace has a facing and hearth of Pavonazetto marble, and
a mantel with overmantel paneled and with the spaces filled
in with mirrors.
Wie tency) "©: Pelton,
New York.
architect, 1133 Broadway,
246
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS October, 1905
The Furniture of Our Forefathers
By Francis Durando Nichols
acquired taste, and one is scarcely conscious
of the time when the beauty of the antiques
was first introduced into one’s mind. How
well we remember the feeling of excitement
with which we beheld the tall, stately, grand-
father’s clock on the staircase, the Sheraton sofa which added
dignity to the Colonial hall, the old bookcase in grandpa’s
library, and the grand old
four-poster in grandma’s
room, whose presence
seemed to breathe a de-
lightful essence of repose
and peace. Then there was
the old hob grate where the
apples were roasted and the
corn was popped, and the
old card table which was
drawn up for a quiet little
game after dinner. All
these we remember; and
how many similar treasure
houses of the antique there
are, especially in New Eng-
land, and yet how little is
known of them.
The love for old pieces
of furniture has grown as
the years have passed, and
one can not enjoy or ap-
preciate them to the full
until he has learned some-
thing of their history,
which, in the many interests
it arouses, will more than
repay him for his trouble.
Perhaps one reason why
this hobby has become so
popular is that specimens of
the antiques are so numer-
ous that we do not have to
seek far to find some gen-
uine examples. ‘The won-
der is that so few of the pos-
sessors of antique furniture
Phage
Fig. 2—A Sheraton Sof
Fig. I—A Console Table of the Adam Style, and at One Time : ;
Used in “‘ Cleopatra’s Barge ” teresting to note that this
know, or care to learn, anything about either its history,
maker or origin.
The illustrations which are presented on these pages
were made from photographs especially taken for the
purpose of showing some of the exceptionally fine ex-
amples of old furniture found in the old Colonial houses
in Salem, Mass., which is one of the oldest colonies in
New England, and is rich in antiquities.
The Sheraton design of
furniture building must
have come into vogue about
1773, for Thomas Shera-
ton, who was a native of
Stockton-on-Tees, supported
himself about the year 1791
as an author; for he pub-
lished at that time a work
in two volumes, ‘‘ The Cab-
inet Maker and Uphol-
sterer’s Drawing Book,” by
which it would seem that he
did not make furniture after
1793, and that before that
time he had filled orders
like any other ordinary
workman.
The console table, Fig.
I, is a fine example, and
is the property of Mrs.
William Waters. It is char-
acteristic of the Adam
style, for it has been aptly
said that the characteristics
of the Adam design are
simplicity, elegance, slender-
ness and the bas-relief. The
ornamental brass trim-
mings, including the fluted
shell at the corners, the grif-
fin design in the center, the
caryatides at the top of the
column, and the claw feet at
the bottom, are all charac-
teristic of Adam. It is in-
We Pudi yen
Fig. 3—A Sofa Built in 1790
October, 1905
Fig. 4—A Pineapple Card Table of the Empire Style, Showing
Antique Candlesticks, with Tray and Snuffers
console table was made for one of the governors of the West
Indian Islands, and in its transportation was captured by a
privateer, and was afterward used as a part of the furniture
of “ Cleopatra’s Barge’ when in port.
The secretary, or bookcase, Fig. 8, and sometimes called
a “‘ bureau-bookcase,”’ was made in 1770, and is the property
of Mrs. Nathan Mansfield. It is in a fine state of preserva-
tion, and it has a shell pattern carved into the flap, while the
top is surmounted with the design of the burning torch, one
in the center and one at either side—a design which was quite
frequently used in Colonial times.
The pineapple card table, Fig. 4, so called from being
carved in the design of the pineapple, is of the Empire style,
and belongs to Mrs. Charles J. Sadler. It was formerly the
WANN
a ee
ARS
x
‘
\
\
\
N
»,
\
Fig. 5—A Mahogany Card Table
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 247
property of the family of General Oliver, who owned it for
one hundred years. It is of mahogany, and the central post
is beautifully carved in the design of the pineapple, from the
base of which swing out, from either of the four corners,
graceful, sweeping legs, which are also handsomely carved.
The top, as is shown in the picture, is folded, but it can be
made double the size by unfolding the leaf. The antique
candlesticks, with tray and snuffers, shown on the top of the
table, are worthy of note.
The mahogany cardtable, Fig. 5, has four straight
legs, and in order to increase the size of the top a leaf is
lifted up from the bottom and a leg pulled out to give
it support. There is some good carving at the corners
and on the legs.
Fig. 6—A Colonial Mantel, Showing the First Hob Grate
Introduced into Salem
The graceful Sheraton sofa was designed and built
for the purpose of using it for a place to rest and loll
upon after dinner. The sofa, Fig. 3, was built in 1790,
and belongs to Mrs. Nathan Osgood, while the other sofa,
Fig. 2, is the property of Mrs. Henry P. Benson; both
of which are fine examples of that period.
The Colonial mantel, Fig. 6, which is exquisite in its
design, is in the house of Mr. Charles R. Waters, and the
fireplace contains the first hob grate introduced into Salem.
The mantel is a beauty, with its central panel showing a
carved eagle, while at either side is the floral festoon and
bow-knot, beyond which is the pilaster, showing an urn carved
therein.
The four-poster bedstead, Fig. 7, was built in 1795, and
and is owned by Mr. Charles R. Waters. It is one of the
248 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDERS October, 1905
enjoyed them, but to us they have an addi-
tional quality, which is inseparable from old ob-
jects of interest. Their very age endears them
to us, and this is a source of enjoyment from them
that the original owners could not have had.
But we must believe their interest was always
great and very real. ‘Their books and letters are
strewn with affectionate records of their furniture,
testifying to a lively appreciation of it. They
knew good things when they saw them, did these
old folk, and they had the rare advantage of hav-
ing good articles when they purchased the handi-
work of the furniture makers of the end of the
eighteenth century. Not all of it, of course, was
good; many of the old models are miracles of dis-
comfort, and put the strict constructionist to
shame for pure vagary of style; but there was
honest intent to please in much of this work, and
if the search for novelty of form and pattern led
the designer astray, the modern eye is apt to for-
give him because his work belongs to a past time,
every item of which has present day interest.
Fig. 7—Four-Poster Bedstead, with Carved Tester
Built in 1795
finest examples in this country. Its four posts are hand-
somely carved with garlands of flowers; they support a tester,
which is also elaborately carved and decorated in gilt.
Our forefathers liked to take their leisure, and the easy
lounge and luxurious bed are ever in evidence. ‘The :m-
portance (I had almost said the dignity) of the bed, during
the period of which I am treating, can hardly be overesti-
mated. The bed is sometimes mentioned apart from the
bedstead, but frequently the term is used to include the
bedstead and all its furnishings It must be remembered that
in Europe the bedchamber was a room of great importance,
for kings and queens often received their courtiers in their
sleeping apartments. The heavy, imposing four-poster was
both luxurious and beautiful. The framework, as in the
illustration presented, was usually handsomely carved, the
bed was of the softest down, the linen of the finest, and the
outer cover of a cloth of gold, or of some other costly ma-
terial, richly embroidered with heraldic designs.
One instinctively wonders, in viewing any collection of old
furniture, whether the original possessor took the same pleas-
ure in it and had the same pride of it that every living owner
feels. ‘They must have, one can but think, for these fine old
pieces have real intrinsic merit and interest of a very pene-
trating and absorbing sort. To have owned them must have
been a delight, for such it is now; to have lived with them
must have been a joy, for this is the sensation they
give to-day.
Yet the modern mind can hardly place itself in the same
position as that of the contemporary of these pieces. We Fig. 8—A Secretary, Sometimes Called a Bureau-Bookcase
enjoy them as we think the original owners must have Built in 1770
3
a
ul
&
;
4
October, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 249
A Southern California Ranch
By Charles F. Holder
life no one who has passed through the
strip of country between the desert and the
deep sea on the southern California coast
can deny, but what it is is another ques-
tion. What the Eastern man calls a farm
the Gliforian designates a ranch, and by the same token the
farmer is a rancher. Here the resemblance ends, as the con-
ditions which environ the two are entirely different. The
great ranches still remain more or less intact, and one of the
largest in southern California, and possibly the most at-
tractive, is the Santa Anita Rancho, in Los Angeles County,
about fourteen miles from Los Angeles, on the slope of the
Sierra Madre Range, destined in the near future to become
one of the most delightful of the many suburbs of Los
Angeles, whose limits are now within about two miles of
the borders of that city. It is said that the ambition of
E. J. Baldwin, the owner of Santa Anita, was to own a strip
The Ranch Home across the Lake, Showing Diversity of Plants and Trees, the Vegetation Being Principally Tropical
typical big California rancher is in every sense the possessor
of an eminent domain. He owns and controls a princi-
pality, and on some of the old ranches one could ride for
days and find new and diverting scenery.
A few years ago, comparatively speaking, all California
was divided into these principalities, but to-day, owing to the
increased value of the land and the high taxes, they are
being cut up. “Towns and villages are plotted on them, and
what were once farms now become town sites. Many of the
of land several miles wide, and from the Sierra Madre to
the sea—a distance of thirty miles.
That he nearly succeeded is well known, and doubtless,
it would have been an accomplished fact had land not leaped
into high values so rapidly. As it stands, this estate is
represented by a number of splendid ranches that sweep
down from the mountains, crossing the Puente, or Mission
Hills, to the Pacific, whose blue waters can be distinctly
seen shimmering in the sun.
250
Santa Anta
Rancho proper, cut
and trimmed by
towns and small en-
croachments, repre-
sents fifteen thou-
sand acres, in the
heart of the San
Gabriel Valley.
Four railroads—the
Atchison, ‘Topeka
and Santa Fé, the
Southern Pacific,
Salt Lake and an
electric line from
Los Angeles—now
cross it, and the
days of Santa Anita
are doubtless num-
bered, its doom be-
ing to be cut up into
acres and dotted
with the splendid
homes of retired captains of industry who have already a natural park, level and gently sloping.
secured large tracts of it.
The beauty of Santa Anita lies in its commanding position
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
The Cypress and Pine Road Leading to the House
October, 1905
Sierra Madre, is a
beautiful live oak
grove, made up of
trees centuries old,
of large size and ex-
tent, which not only
enhance the attract-
iveness of the land,
but suggest to the
Californian a water
store more valuable
here than gold or
silver. The initial
part of the rancho
is Santa Anita
Canon, a deep glen
in the mountains
whose waters run
down through the
ranch. At an alti-
tude of about eight-
een hundred feet the
great oaks begin—
In the center
of this the owner has made his home on what is virtually
an island in a lake, which lends beauty to the environment
and in the fact that its upper portion, where it leaves the of the whole. From a long distance the tall palms which
q
he
The Ranch Home from the North, Showing the Gardens About the House
October, 1905
surround the ranch house can be seen rising, plume-like,
gigantic pompons of green, nearly one hundred feet in air,
from a forest of rare tropical and semitropical trees.
The approach from the south is through a splendid line
of eucalyptus or blue gums, which tower aloft, giving the
observer an impressive conception of the majesty of forest
trees which in Australia attain a height of several hun-
dred feet. Here we are upon the ‘‘ home ranch ”’ of fifteen
hundred acres, all in a high state of cultivation. Reaching
away from the eucalyptus drive, either side, are groves of
various kinds of orange—from the late Valencia to the
Washington navel—masses of deep green dotted with discs
of gold, lemon orchards in the distance, lime, kumquat and
grapefruit, and a long list of citrus fruits, making up one of
the largest and most productive citrus groves in the State.
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 251
vistas of palms through screens of cypress, Lombardy pop-
lars and pines; indeed, the strange gathering of trees from
nearly every clime about this ranch house is not the least
of its attractions.
The ranch house is the central point from which radiate
many different interests. In one direction the eye rests upon
vast orange groves, their perennial green sprinkled with
seeming dust of gold. In another are hundreds of acres of
vineyard, where the Mission grape grows in low bunches,
California fashion, and converts the gray soil into a coat
of green. Toward Pasadena is the live oak grove, and to
the north a splendid domain of hundreds of acres of this
lowland forest. Another vista includes the winery, to
which, in September and October, tons of grapes are taken
and pressed, the juice of Zinfandel, Tokay, Mission and
The Garden Around the Lake—The Home of a California Rancher
The ranch house itself is a modest villa standing amid
groups of palms, fan and date, which with eucalyptus, pep-
per, willow and others form grateful shade. The borders
of the garden at the lake edge are planted with gorgeous
cannas, ferns and brakes, of vigorous and beautiful growth,
and strange plants and trees appear at every hand. About
the lake or moat, which appears to nearly surround the ranch
house, like the moat of a feudal castle, the drive winds,
affording attractive and charming vistas. From one point
of vantage the great groups of palms and eucalyptus are
seen wholly reflected in the water, while from another grace-
ful willows drooping to the water, giant rose bushes and
trees covered with masses of white Banksian roses appear,
merely suggestive of the wealth of bloom to be found here.
Other drives in the immediate vicinity of the house show
many more being stored in huge tuns, and year after year
bottled and cased for shipment all over the world.
A visit to this winery is a revelation to those not familiar
with the varied products of a southern California ranch.
Hundreds of Mexicans and Chinamen are employed here,
making wine, trimming vines, picking grapes, oranges,
lemons, limes and other fruits in season, and cultivating
the land at other times. This ranch is a community in itself.
Within its corporate limits is the town of Arcadia, made
up, in the main, of those engaged in and about the ranch
and devoted to its interests. In the ranch yard, near the
winery, is the ranch store, a type of the general store found
throughout the West. Near here are the blacksmith and
other shops containing complete outfits for repairs.
The Santa Anita wine, oranges, lemons and grapes are
252 AMERICAN HOMES
famous, but the feature of this ranch that possibly has at-
tracted the most attention is its stock, its horses, as here
have been bred some of the fastest horses in the world,
whose sires and dams are familiar in the world of sport,
and where large and extensive stables are filled with famous
horses that are daily exercised over the great track near the
ranch house, and from which racers and winners have gone
out all over the country for many years.
At Santa Anita the entire story of the farmer in southern
California is exemplified, as almost every factor that appeals
to the farmer is here, with all the esthetic features that are
produced by luxuriant foliage and splendid forests, mesas
and mountains. Here is demonstrated the benefits of irriga-
tion that has reclaimed all southern California. Water is
piped down from the mountain streams of the Santa Anita
Canon, that leads up into the Sierra Madre, and introduced
to the various groves of citrus fruits here, running in long
parallel lines or filling great squares about the roots of trees.
There is a succession of crops on this ranch, due to the
complete elimination of winter. The winter crops are the
citrus fruits. They have been growing during the summer
under the care of the irrigator, and by Christmas are being
picked, the groves filled with Chinamen and Mexicans, who,
with canvas bags and clippers, go from tree to tree, pick the
fruit, or rather cut it, and send it to the packing house, where
it is washed, scoured, graded, wrapped in tissue and packed.
The grading is done by the washers, who, after cleaning the
fruit, place it on an incline, each orange passing into the
tube of its own size and so on into a large box, the grading
being mechanical and perfect. From here the fruit goes to
the packers, and is then ready for shipping in the specially
devised cars of the three transcontinental lines that cross
the ranch. By early spring the oranges are all picked.
The gangs of Chinamen have cut down the acres of grape-
vines, which now resemble rows of black stumps, down
through which the cultivators are driven to keep out the
weeds, while fleet grey-
hounds are used to kill the
jack rabbits. In early
spring the vineyards leave
out, and ina short time the
walnut grove is a mass of
green, and the almond and
pomegranate and various
fruit trees of the East—
peach, prune, apricot,
plum, pear and many more
—the men, the farmers or
ranchers passing from the
care of one crop to the
other.
The climate is so mild
that many of the vege-
tables grow all winter, and
in sheltered places the
strawberry. In May the
loquat is ripe and the crop
of guavas has been gath-
ered. In July apricots
and peaches are ready
for market. The hay crop,
which was planted be-
fore Christmas, depending
upon the first rain, was
cut in April or May, and
all over the ranch great
piles of barley and oat hay
tell an interesting story.
The winter on this ranch
would seem like a cool The Eucalyptus Drive and the
AND GARDENS October, 1905
summer to an Eastern farmer. There is no laying up of
wood for winter.
wey S
4—Good Dining-Room Furniture in a Poor Architectural Setting
way down deep, few women like housework. They often
pretend to like it, because it might seem unwomanly to con-
fess otherwise, as it would seem unmanly for a man to
confess he loathed work and preferred idleness to industry;
but, secretly, attractive as Fig. 9 is—I can fancy I hear a
woman exclaiming, ‘‘ That window is positively dear! ”’—
they would not care to own it unless they had maids to keep
it up. And as for setting a table for herself alone, to say
nothing about the candelabras and the other graceful ac-
cessories, why there is scarcely one woman in a thousand
that would ever dream of doing such a thing. They would
sit upon the kitchen table or anywhere and munch a sandwich,
drink a glass of
milk, and say it was
all theatrics in the
men. But the thou-
sandth woman
knows it is not the-
atrics, but the secret
of all true art, the
expressed wish in
one’s home sur-
roundings to make
the world a better
place than it really
is and a more char-
itable place than the
Lord intended.
Strangely enough
there is nobody who
cares less about an
artistic dining-room
thantheartisticwom-
an, that is, of course,
if she has totakecare
of it, prepare meals,
even her own meals;
and should you men-
tion housework to
the artistic woman
October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 255
dining-rooms for those who can appreciate what
the Lord seems not willing we should all enjoy.
These are the principles of the artistic dining-
room ethically expressed. Everybody wants to
express this philosophy without knowing it, per-
haps without believing it—that it is the keynote
of a dining-room design; even in dining-rooms
which are distinctly banal and tawdry, we recog-
nize what the owners wished to express very
well (see Fig. 1), only they had bad advice
about it, and didn’t say it. What they did say
architecturally was really the opposite to what
was intended—artificiality, stuffiness, tawdriness,
lack of harmony, nouveaux riches, etc. Com-
pare, if you will, Fig. 1 with Fig. 9, and I think
further comment upon Fig. 1 by me will be
superfluous.
Then, anything that departs from the Anglo-
Saxon dining-room is not to be recommended
in America. ‘Teakwood screens, bisons’ heads,
- French window drapery and a certain heavy kind
of Flemish wood carving are all inimical to the
successful dining-room, albeit the bison is a dis-
tinctly American product. He goes better in the
hall (see Fig. 2), barring the Adirondacks cabin
chimney-piece, which is out with everything else
in the room. ‘This dining-room might look ex-
tremely well in Berlin or Munich, but not, we
shall say, in New England—too much chance for
moths and microbes; besides, we want to open the
windows and breathe some air—some American
air, which has more vitality in a cubic inch than
they have in Europe in a cubic foot. The atmos-
e phere all over Europe is what they would call in
6—A State Dining-Room England “relaxing ’—dead and very unsalu-
brious for the average American, who is used to
when she is engaged in the much higher pursuit of discussing our atomized champagne; at least, that is what Charles
“over soul” or “ under soul,” it would be encugh to bring Dickens said it was like. (Read his description of sailing into
on a fit of demoniacal
fury. There may be
pursuits more edify-
ing and useful to man
than the ethics of the
dining-room, but I
know of none more
conducive to his wel-
fare; and considering
it is one of the first
instincts of creation I
do not think it would
be wise to neglect it
entirely. For my own
part, it has always |
seemed to me an evil |
to be retained rather
than the means to an
end, and I have al-
ways thought of
those people whose
wealth and servants,
like “Elizabeth of
the German garden,”
for instance, created a
desiretocamp out, that
they should arrange
to camp out indefi-
nitely, and allow the
money thus saved to
buy as many comfort-
able, not to say ideal, 7—An English Painted Dining-Room
256
Massachusetts Bay in ‘‘ American
Notes.”’)
It is, therefore, with some grate-
ful sense one turns to the out-and-
out American dining-room exempli-
fied in Fig. 3. Of course Fig. g is
our choice, by long odds; but one
may tell when these dining-rooms
are clean, which is more than can
be said of Fig. 8. Even the artistic
woman will clean when she won't
cook, though she likes it no better.
The big drop light over the table
looks a bit terrifying, but it may
not be so in operation; and I have
seen much prettier door heads.
Beauty has no formule, nor is the
word “ simplicity” a safe word by
itself for the decoration of a home,
because there are so many people
who can not distinguish between
good simplicity and that which is
bad—in fact, positively ugly. Great
artists, architects and musicians are
often unable to distinguish between
inspiration and mediocrity in their
own work, hence all the disappoint-
ing productions of otherwise great
talent. They can not tell the difference so easy to us who
receive the impressions. We marvel, but it is a fact.
Now, the dining-room we present in Fig. 4 is an extremely
simple one, but not a pretty one, like we have in Fig. 9. It is
too like a cell in its proportions: the window sills are either
unduly elevated or else unduly depressed, while the room is
devoid of what we call, in architecture, ‘‘ features.’’ ‘There
is neither chimney nor fireplace visible in the picture, although
there may be one, in which case the photographer is to blame.
There is no cornice, no chair rail, no wainscot—in a word, no
especial character but simplicity; and thus we see that sim-
plicity has a meaningless side which is worthless for art
9—The Gem of the Collection
AMERICAN HOMES
October, 1905
AND GARDENS
€—The Hopeless Average Dining-Room
purposes. We see good dining-room furniture in a poor
architectural setting.
The dining-room shown in Fig. 5 is a much better design,
for it has wainscot and cornice and breadth, all unalienable
to the successful Colonial dining-room. Then the long win-
dow is charming, the mirror and wall painting all right, and
but for a few blemishes might rival No. 9. That hetero-
geneous collection of plates and placques is very disturbing
to the quiet and peace which otherwise reign.
Be as original as you please in plotting your dining-room,
but the originality must be confined within the iron-bound
limits of historical precedent, and I have explained why in
an earlier paper. Don’t go in
for freaks, although the freaks
be, in a way, artistic successes.
(See the remarkable painted
dining-room from English
Country Life, Fig. 7). This is
very clever and well carried out,
but it is not a dining-room.
Upon the other hand, don’t
make your dining-room so
strictly a dining-room as to ap-
pear a _ solecism were one
to sit in it at other than meal
times. That is the ‘ under-
done ” way of it. Have a little
of the living-room atmosphere
—some silent invitation, I will
call it, to linger after the cloth
has been removed—such a very
comfortable, all around apart-
ment, indeed, that one might
wish to tarry at any time with
book or even writing materials.
Of course, if we were speak-
ing of state dining-rooms (from
English Country Life, Fig. 6),
why that is something else,
again; but these principles of
home decoration are for Amer-
icans of average means.
October, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
Helps to Home Building
The House Garden
HE garden is the great external beautifier of
the house. It is created for beauty alone
and for no other purpose. ‘The house has
its utilitarian value. It is built for shelter,
for comfort, for pleasure, for everything,
3 in short, but its external form and artistic
Tae are qualities deliberately given to it by its de-
aspect;
signer and are quite distinct and apart from its functional
purpose as a place of shelter.
But the garden is sheer j Joy. It has nothing to do but to
grow and be beautiful. It is a place of pure enjoyment,
arranged for the giving of pleasure, and without suggestion
of utilitarian purpose. ‘hat it adds to the beauty of a place
is, of course, a great good fortune, but even this is a beauty-
giving quality without hint of utility.
No other part of the home is so completely divorced from
questions of use. The house is built because it has a useful
purpose to fulfill. It is furnished because the furniture is
necessary and has useful functions to perform. It is difficult
to add anything, even of the most ornamental quality, to the
house without giving some thought to its utility. But the gar-
den is free for beauty-making. It needs only to be beautiful to
fulfill the utmost utility, and this is done so gracefully and so
naturally that the mere idea of utility is utterly foreign to it.
There are gardens and gardens. Many very well dis-
posed persons have no eyes for gardens save those designated
as Italian. And the garden lover does not live who will
decry the beauty of these elaborate places, decked with a
sumptuous adornment of architecture and sculpture, planted
with costly plants, arranged in a formal and beautiful man-
ner. A very high type of garden is this, rich in every pos-
sible resource of beauty, unquestionably the most beautiful
garden type we have.
Quite a variety of reasons make the Italian garden beauti-
ful, and have, unquestionably, greatly furthered its vogue in
America. It is complete in itself and has been planned as
a unit from the first stone and the first plant. It is inclosed
within boundary lines which add enormously to its complete-
ness of effect, and help most materially in giving that unity
of result which is one of its chief charms. It has, moreover,
the distinction given it by an architectural framework, which
may be literally a bounding wall, a partial inclosure, or sepa-
rate structures which close in certain vistas or otherwise have
definite structural purposes to perform. In whatever form
architecture is introduced, it is a happy, joyous art of no great
structural value, architecture for adornment only, and pleas-
ing because of its adorning qualities. The planting, also, is
carried out on a prearranged scale, in which every shrub and
tree, every plant and flower, look toward the realization of a
settled end—an end of beauty, and of the most beauty. And
when in the midst of this loveliness an exquisite fountain, a
rare vase or a beautiful statue is set up, the crown has been
given to the work of art, and the fortunate owner may rest
satisfied that the utmost has been done for the adornment of
his home.
Not every one may have an Italian garden, but most
owners may have a garden of some sort; must have, in fact,
unless his house is stood in a row and solemnly bounded on
either side by other houses as completely wanting in the
great beautifier of nature as his own. Even the Italian
garden can be quite a simple affair, for while it is always aided
by architectural and sculptural additions neither of these
great arts is actually essential to its making.
An Italian garden is a formal garden, but a garden may
be planted in a formal way, without architectural and sculp-
tural adjuncts which are so generally considered as essentially
a part of the Italian type. A formal garden is, of course,
exactly what its name implies—a garden planted in a formal
way, with paths somewhat rigid in plan, with set borders and
definite planning in all its planting. Like the Italian garden
it presupposes a generous space for its development, and is
hardly suited to plots of restricted dimensions.
The hardy garden is another interesting type of garden,
which has the supreme advantage of reproducing itself, sea-
son after season, with added growth and beauty each year.
If it be considered as a type itself it is only in its contents,
for it may be planted in a formal way, and it.actually con-
stitutes the larger part of the planting of the Italian garden;
or, to refer to another class, it may be planted in a wild and
natural manner, without thought of formal arrangement,
and left to grow as Nature herself may determine.
Nor should the tree garden be neglected. ‘This, once
more, is a garden that belongs to the large estate, for trees
require room for growth, and although their beauty may be
as great alone as in the mass. Every great public park is a
tree garden on a large scale, in which trees of many varieties
are grown under the happiest conditions, and give to the
people the fulness of their beauty. The great private
estate is also, in a sense, a tree garden, in which each tree is
carefully tended, and viewed, as it should be, as a natural
treasure beyond price.
And then, the simple little flower garden, never too small
to be without beauty, never too slight in idea to be wanting
in grace, never too unimportant to be without dignity and
merit. The flower garden is the beginning of all gardens,
for it is the easiest made and the most lovingly tended. It
is the individual garden, the garden of the home, the personal
pastime of the owner. And its beauty is quite as mcasure-
less as the more sumptuous garden of the large landowner.
Size, indeed, has nothing to do with garden values, only
beauty.
Wherever there is a bit of land around a house it should be
put to garden uses: it is there for that purpose and for no
other. It is possibly true that land exists that houses may be
built upon it, but the time is not yet ripe for this prepond-
erance of architecture upon the earth, and the day when it
may come is so far off that present-living souls need not be
deterred from the cultivation of their garden spots by the
hideous suggestion. The land is ours, and those who are
fortunate enough to possess any of it have no nobler duty to
themselves and to their neighbors than to install, cultivate
and develop the best garden their means and their tastes will
permit.
This touches immediately on a distinct value of gardens
apart from their inherent quality as beautifiers of the house.
A beautiful garden is seen of all men. A beautiful house
interior is the personal private property of the owner, ex-
isting for his own delight alone and for that of his selectest
friends. It is a selfish enjoyment, that of the interior of the
house, albeit a most natural one. But the garden is as fully
enjoyed by the public as by the owner. It is the owner’s
contribution to public art, his gift to the aspect of his street
or road, his personal addition to the value of his own real
estate. ‘This is sordid ground on which to defend the merits
of the garden, but it is a very real and definite ground that
need not be overlooked.
258
AMERICAN “HOMES
AND GARDENS October, 1905
Science for the Home
Humidity Within the House
HERE is a most mistaken notion that humid-
ity is a source of discomfort and annoyance.
That much suffering is caused in. summer
by an excess of humidity is unquestionably
true; but the relationship between tempera-
; ture and humidity is far from being under-
stood, cl Oe celery the part humidity takes in the heat-
ing economy of the house in the winter.
That the average American house is too highly heated in
winter will be admitted without qualification; it is a character-
istic of almost every American interior where coal can be had
for consumption. It is, of course, necessary to keep warm
in our cold and trying winters, and the commonplace way of
doing so is to burn up as much coal as possible.
Scientific study of the heating problem has, however, de-
monstrated that the best way to heat a house, the safest way
in which to keep warm, is to burn coal in a scientific way,
using it properly, getting the most out of it, and conducting
the performance with the aid of scientific apparatus con-
trived to secure the best results.
Some very curious effects have been noted from the study
of heating conditions. Rooms in which the temperature is
higher than that of other rooms on other days feel colder
to the occupants than when the room thermometer reads
less. Investigation has brought out the remarkable fact that
there is a direct relationship between the effect of tempera-
ture and the moisture in the air. In other words, given two
rooms of equal temperature, the one with the greater humid-
ity will feel the warmer; or, put it another way, the room
which has the greater humidity will require less temperature,
as recorded by the thermometer, than the one which is drier.
The obvious conclusion from such observations is that a
proper relationship must be maintained between the humidity
and the temperature of our houses. Dr. Henry Mitchell
Smith, who has given much time to the investigation of this
subject, suggests about 60 per cent., never less than 50
per cent. nor more than 70. With such a percentage of
humidity a temperature of 65 degrees F. is found amply
sufficient and comfortable.
Two results follow from a proper adjustment of the re-
lationship between temperature and humidity. There is
greater personal comfort and less danger from disease, be-
cause with this adjustment comes a more healthful atmos-
phere. ‘The humidity within the house bears a more scien-
tific relationship to that without, a condition quite essential
to good health in winter.
The second result is the economy in the consumption of
fuel. This is a matter that directly affects every producer of
heat, and is a topic to the importance of which every house-
holder is keenly alive. It means, moreover, obtaining better
results, with less cost; that is to say, quite sufficient tempera-
ture and more sanitary living conditions.
The relationship of humidity to temperature within the
house is, therefore, a subject of great practical importance.
Hydrometers and moistening apparatus, of a good kind,
properly applied and the latter well regulated, are thus very
essential to the scientific equipment of the house, and have
a real and practical value quite apart from their scientific
interest. Even if their use is not now general, the time is not
far distant when they will be used more than at present.
Heating the House
OcToBER is the month when the thoughts of the house-
keeper are irresistibly impelled toward the subject of heating
the house. ‘There is no choice in the matter; it is a subject
that presents itself with unfailing regularity. It is a topic
of the first importance, and a vast industry has grown up
around it, while much thought and care have been devoted to
it, all with the laudible purpose of providing the best way
of obtaining the most heat at the lowest cost.
Heating conditions vary so much with the localities that
no one general set of rules can be laid down which would even
so much as govern one place. ‘The heating problem is quite
as individual as the furnishing problem; what will seem best
for one house may not answer for another, although the ex-
periences gained by one householder will often furnish profit-
able subjects for discussion and examination by others.
Notwithstanding that very elaborate apparatus can now
be had for heating the house, the old-fashioned stove and the
still more old-fashioned open grate are still with us and still
have their value and utility. It is not always possible to
heat a house, and especially a country house, with a furnace,
and the stove in many different forms holds its own against
the claims of other devices calculated to produce better re-
sults with greater efficiency. The open fireplace is, of course,
wasteful in heat, and hence wasteful in fuel; but it likewise
has its utility and its charm is very great.
There are many more modern forms of heating apparatus:
the furnace for hot air; the combination of hot water and
hot air; hot water and steam, the latter being applied both
in low pressure and in high pressure. This brief summary,
however, by no means exhausts the list, nor does it indicate
the very varied combinations and devices which are supplied
under these general heads. Of furnaces, for example, there
are three general kinds, portable, fixed and twin, the latter
being a doubled form of fixed furnace. To these should be
added fan furnaces, large heating apparatus supplied with
fans and suited to the heating of churches, schools and other
large buildings.
In the hot water and hot air combination system the hot
gases are made to pass over a water heating surface sus-
pended over the fire, a device that effects some saving in fuel,
but which hinders ventilation, since in direct radiation the
same air is used over and over again in any room. Steam
heating combinations are also sometimes combined with the
furnace, an arrangement that it is claimed has quick heat-
ing ability and requires the use of smaller radiators; it is,
however, very sensitive to the condition of the fire.
The final great group of heating apparatus includes those
for heating with hot water and steam. ‘This comprises a
vast variety of systems and apparatus, many ot which have
special claims for consideration. It is with one form or
another of such apparatus that the larger number of build-
ings and dwellings are now heated where the intention is to
provide the most approved appliances, the kinds that give the
best results and with the utmost economy of combustion.
Individual conditions, in most cases, will determine which
system to use and which apparatus is best suited for indi-
vidual needs. It is impossible to advise specifically, except in
actual cases and with full knowledge of all the facts.
October, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AUN Di (CAghop EINes 25
\O
The Household
Furniture for Men
V2GESKEN N the face of it there would appear to be no
2 * especial reason why furniture for men
oe i should differ in any essential way from fur-
hee +) ae
>) niture for women or from furniture used by
both sexes. Sex in furniture is, in truth, a
new idea. Furniture for children we all
know, since it must be of smaller size than that suited to the
grown-ups, and, in addition, includes some special articles,
such as desks and play furniture, which are only available
for childhood. With the exception of the shaving stand,
and that weird thing called the cellarette, the whole range
of furniture would seem to offer little enough which might
be termed essentially masculine.
A furniture dealer has, however, gotten together a list of
furniture for men, and the catalogue is an interesting one, as
indicating exactly what a specialist in furniture regards as
especially men’s furniture. The shaving stand naturally
heads the list, but it is hard pressed with the chafing dish
cabinet and the cellarette. “Then come lounging chairs, club
chairs and all sorts of comfortable seats, which, we may be
sure, the women will value as highly as any man, but which
have a very high place in any scheme devised for masculine
comfort. Settles, lounges, davenports and couches come
next, and as being closely related to the comfort-giving
qualities of lounging chairs. Bachelor chiffoniers, auto
valets and wardrobes, together with bachelor dressers, form
another notable group which have masculine significance,
and which are more or less directly designed for men and in-
tended for them.
As for beds, no man arranging living quarters could well
get along without one, and they are necessarily included in
the category, as are floor coverings of all sorts—rugs, carpets
and mats. As for tables, there is absolutely no limit, from
the exclusively masculine card table to the dining or break-
fast table and tables for every possible use. If the bachelor
—for men’s furniture seems to be rather specially intended
for this unfortunate class of human beings—keeps house and
has a dining-room, he will need a host of things—buffets,
sideboards, dinner gongs, serving trays, wine coolers, muffin
stands; doubtless there are other articles which come in the
same list, but this is sufficient indication that the man house-
keeper must equip himself with articles of furniture many of
which he never before knew the use of, much less appreciated
the necessity for.
For his bedroom he will need, beside the articles already
named, costumers and clothes trees, cedar chests and clothes
presses. For his hall and for other rooms he will require
clocks, lamps, electroliers, desk lights and reading lamps, all
of infinite shape and size, and all requiring more or less
constant care. For his library he will need bookcases, revolv-
ing bookcases, book shelves, cabinets, book blocks, tables,
desks and chairs. A screen may be needed before the tire-
place, or to hide the litter of papers which almost every one
accumulates.
Of minor articles there will be a host of things, such as
pedestals and desk sets, foot stool and shoe boxes, wood boxes
and fireplace sets, and perhaps a padded fireplace foot rail,
while the humidor, cigar boxes and smoking sets will be the
very first things thought of. Obviously a very pretty man’s
apartment could be furnished from such a list, an apartment
thoroughly masculine in effect, even though many of the
articles would be equally available for women.
Cheap Baths
THERE are two impediments to the general use of baths
in houses of low cost—the recognition of their value and
the cost of installation. The value of a bath in a private
house is so very obvious that no argument for its utility
would be needed were it not for the astounding observations
made on the use of baths by investigation into tenement house
conditions in New York and elsewhere. ‘These inquiries
have demonstrated that a regular system of education in the
use of baths is urgently needed among the foreign-born popu-
lation of the United States, and until the manifest prejudice
against baths and their proper use by such peoples is over-
come a recognition of their value will be delayed.
The question of cost is another important matter, since the
installation of the most moderate bathroom in a city house
is a matter of considerable expense. Municipal laws and
regulations govern this subject in all cities, and these can not
be departed from; but the installation of a bath in buildings
erected outside city limits, or even in an old house within
municipal limits in which no provision for such necessities
was originally made, can sometimes be accomplished in a
comparatively inexpensive manner.
Several devices to this end have been proposed from time
to time. A bath sunk in the kitchen floor, or, if the building
contains a pantry, in that space, has been suggested; but its
disadvantages are so obvious that the proposal needs hardly
to be made to be rejected. Unless the usual elaborate
plumbing fittings are used it is apparent that the bath must
be near the water supply or directly under it, and that proper
provision be made for getting rid of the water. If there
is no escape pipe, and the water must be baled out, almost
any sort of a bath will be objectionable; in any event, such
a bath must be immediately adjoining a waste outlet.
Another suggestion is that the bath be placed so that
water, both hot and cold, be brought into it immediately
from the sources of supply, the regular pipe for the cold
water and the heater for the hot, while the end may be placed
under the sink. ‘The water supply is thus easily obtained,
and the sink is close at hand for baling out the water after
the bath has been used. ‘This method is not open to the
objection of placing the bath in the floor, where it must be
immediately covered lest some other person step into it, where
it is difficult to empty it, and where it is quite impossible to
get below it. A bath stood on the floor is at least accessible.
Still another suggestion is a swinging bath, that folds up
and may be incased within a wardrobe-like inclosure or
cabinet. ‘This brings the bath directly into the room, where
it may be reached on all sides, and hence it is very available
for sick-rooms and other places where it may be desirable to
approach the bath from more than one side. It saves space
and practically takes the bath out of the room when not
in use.
For limited quarters the spray bath is often found the
most available. It involves only a spray circlet, a cistern
for a moderate amount of water, and a waterproof sheet as
an inclosure. In houses of very moderate cost it must nec-
essarily be a cold water bath only, as an expensive installation
is needed for hot water. All of these methods are make-
shifts, and are only available for houses of the lowest cost.
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS October, 1905
Civic Betterment
The Business Aspect
EW forms of artistic endeavor offer such
definite financial returns as that phase of
public art which is termed civic betterment.
All art has a commercial aspect, since it can
not thrive unless it is supported, and it will
| not, in a general way, be supported unless
those who put their money into it derive a personal satisfac-
tion of ownership, and very possibly, and quite rightly, look
to a reimbursement for their expenditure, if not for an actual
profit. ‘The records of modern art sales at home and abroad
demonstrate very clearly that good art of every kind is a safe
and profitable form of investment, a result true alike of
sculpture and painting, engraving and etching, metal-work
and enamel, pottery and porcelain, and so on through the
whole gamut of artistic endeavor.
The collecting of objects of art can not, however, be
legitimately undertaken for commercial gains alone. ‘The
true end of art is to give pleasure and delight, and the per-
son who views it wholly as a financial speculation derives no
personal satisfaction from it of any kind. Moreover, such
gains are personal private gains of no public importance.
But civic betterment stands in a wholly different class. Civic
art is public art; it 1s seen and appreciated by every one.
Its ownership by a community means collective ownership
by the whole people; it is art which is not intended to delight
a few, but to appeal to the many. ‘These are self-evident
facts that require no elaboration.
The commercial aspect of such art is, therefore, very
great, and its value as a commercial investment has been
shown over and over again. ‘This result is much more
broadly admitted in continental Europe than it is in America.
A good deal of effort toward civic betterment has been put
forth in America in the last few years, but it has not yet
reached a point at which we can feel any great satisfaction
in it. Much of this work has been done on too small a
scale to yield appreciable results, and most of it, except in
the way of parks, has been planned and executed in a hap-
hazard manner that makes but slight impression.
It is futile to forecast the future, but the possibility of
transforming any American city into a great work of art
such as Paris is, and such as Berlin, Vienna and Budapest
are in part, seems slight enough. Washington, indeed, we
have, and it is more than likely that the capital of this coun-
try will, in the years to come, be developed into one of the
handsomest and most charming of cities. Even London,
with its long-time adherence to monotony, has felt the force
of general improvement, and very costly works in that direc-
tion have been under way for several years past.
This means that the commercial aspect of public art has
received substantial recognition. Of the attractions of Paris
there is scarce a limit, but over and above its manifold pleas-
ures is the fitness of the setting, the beautiful streets, the fine
parks, the many statues and fountains, the splendid buildings,
public and private. All these form a part of the materials
of civic betterment, illustrated and exemplified in Paris m
the finest modern way. ‘The French unquestionably take a
keen personal delight in all this splendor. Paris is Paris
to them not only because it is the capital of their country, but
because it is so fine and beautiful. And they will tell you,
quite calmly, that all this wealth of public art brings many
tourists to their country, each laden with. a bag of treasure
which it is the patriotic duty of every Frenchman to deplete.
It is a superb example of the commercial value of civic
betterment.
The International Congress of Public Art
THERE is no surer indication of popular success in Europe
than the holding of a ‘‘ Congress.” Some of these gather-
ings, which are exclusively concerned with a single general
topic, have been holding yearly sessions for a half century
or more. Just as soon as any subject develops sufficient
interest, seems, in fact, to have “ arrived,” it becomes the
topic of an annual gathering, sometimes of the citizens of
one country, sometimes of the citizens of several, in which
case it assumes the importance of an international under-
taking. A local congress on public art would, therefore, be
a very sure indication of local interest; an international con-
gress would be eloquent testimony to broader interest; and
the permanency of the movement, the reality of the effort,
would be indicated very surely by the frequency with which
such gatherings were held.
The holding of an international exhibition at Liége dur-
ing the present summer offered a fitting place for the holding
of the Third International Congress of Public Art, which
was held in that city between September 15 and 21, under
the patronage of the Belgian government. ‘The honorary
presidents were chiefly cabinet ministers, and while styled
international, the officers and speakers were chiefly citizens
of Belgium.
The congress was divided into five sections for conve-
niences of discussion, comprising schools, academies and
schools of industrial arts, museums and expositions; the
theater; dramatic and lyric art, and aspects and administra-
tion of public property. A very long list of papers was read,
and the discussions were participated in by a number of
speakers.
The organization of this congress was arranged in the
admirable manner that long experience has given the French
in such affairs. The officers of the general and local govern-
ment were early interested in the aftair; large local and gen-
eral committees were organized, almost every one within
reach being approached and their interest secured; an attract-
ive programme of topics, quite general in its plan, was
drawn up and widely circulated, and general participation in
the debates solicited; a set fee, moderate in amount, was
fixed for participation in the congress, and a printed copy
of the proceedings was offered to members at a reduced price.
In addition there was the distinction that comes from associa-
tion with such a gathering and the opportunity it afforded for
meeting many men of eminence.
All of these things appeal very strongly to the European
of artistic, literary, scientific interests, and such gatherings
are always well attended because the railroad and hotel
charges on the continent are cheap and the distances to be
traveled are comparatively small. Every country of Europe
has also many citizens which are interested in just such
gatherings as the recent one at Liége. Such affairs are,
therefore, not only better managed abroad than in America,
but the conditions necessary to success are much more
abundant.
The meeting at Liége was notable for the large number
of public officials that took part in it.
October, 1905
The
The Garden Month
CTOBER is at once the season for closing
up and finishing the garden work in the
open for the year, and the time of prepara-
@%) tion for the spring. One rarely has need to
Z| dismantle a garden; nature does that quickly
enough, and all too soon; but there is much
to do in ene up, and October is a busy month for putting
things away, for cleaning up the garden—a task that needs
to be performed almost daily in the quick fall of leaves—
and in a general way getting matters in condition for the
winter.
The dahlia, the canna and the caladium will come to an
end with the first frosts quite certain to arrive early in the
month. ‘The roots should be preserved and kept in proper
condition through the winter for planting again next spring.
When their tops have died and dried off, dig up the roots,
taking some earth with them, which should not be removed,
and spread them on a board in the sun, covering them at night
with blankets or pieces of carpet. If the weather permits
the sun exposure should be repeated for several days. The
tops should not be cut off until the second day, and about six
inches of stalk should always be left. The cellar, if not cold
or damp, is an excellent place in which to keep these roots.
It is not advisable to store them in sand unless it is perfectly
dry. Gladiolus roots should also be ripened in the sun and
put away for the winter. The stalks should not be re-
moved until they are ready for final storing.
There is a lot of miscellaneous work to be done in the
garden besides getting the roots put away for next spring.
The Bulb
THE most important part of the October garden work is
the planting of bulbs. Plant bulbs and more bulbs is the
motto for this month. The wise garden lover will have
made his purchases in September, and as early as possible,
in order to secure the pick of the new stock. But whether
bought first or last there is no limit to the value of bulb
planting nor of the satisfaction that will be obtained from
the results next spring. Like all good garden work bulb
planting must be done in an orderly way with a definite view
not only to the results that will come, but—and this is the
most important aspect—with due regard to the habits of the
bulbs and their manner of growth. The article by Leonard
Gilbert on “Tne Autumn Bulb Planting,” printed in the
September amber of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS,
may be read and studied in this connection; meanwhile, some
other general hints may be given here.
A common error in bulb planting is to place the bulbs too
near the surface of the ground. No bulb should be less than
five or six inches deep, as many of them are forced up by the
frosts and entirely lost. The deeper they are planted the
later they will bloom, a useful hint for those who wish to ob-
tain a succession of flowerings. Although a certain irregu-
larity is sometimes affected in bulb growing the most satis-
factory results will be obtained from bulbs of uniform size
and weight. Bulbs whose flower stalks are known to have an
average uniform height should be planted together, and any
raggedness of appearance in blooming thus avoided.
Hardy lilies should be planted in the open in October,
most of them doing better at this season than if planted at
AMERICAN HOMES
i)
ON
—
AND GARDENS
Garden
by Month—October
A supply of pot soil should always be carried over the winter.
Occasions for its use are sure to arrive, and it will certainly
be wanted in early spring when there will be no opportunity
of obtaining it unless provision has been made in the previous
fall. All tender garden plants require some attention and
provision should be made for their shelter during the winter.
Some of this work can, however, be left until the next month.
The flower stalks of all herbaceous plants should be cut off,
and all other unsightly objects removed. Fertilizer is not
now needed for plants within doors, but will be required
later on. All plants should be thoroughly fumigated or
sprayed for insects; this is a phase of garden activity for
which there seems no end.
The chief satisfaction the garden lover has in October is
the blooming of the chrysanthemums, this being the flowering
season for outdoor plants. Cosmos also will now be in full
bloom, in the early part of the month, and may reach ma-
turity in September. The early blooming cosmos, which is
coming so rapidly into favor, has somewhat destroyed the
novelty of the late blooming variety, which gives such ex-
ceeding beauty to the fall garden, but its presence is always
a delight, and this easily grown plant and the garden-grown
chrysanthemum give a final brilliant glory to the outdoor
garden season.
October is the month for peony planting, which will give
much better results if planted row than in the spring. They
should not be moved after being planted. Complete results
are seldom had before the third year. But whenever success-
fully grown these plants are immensely ornamental.
Planting
other times. The Lilium candidum should have been planted
in August, and is the chief exception to October lily planting.
Lily culture is not developed nearly as much as it should be
by most garden lovers, perhaps largely because they are not
planted at the best season. Few plants are so beautiful and
give such exquisite results.
In choosing bulbs for the house care should be taken to
select the best only, using the largest bulbs and named vari-
eties. Hyacinths and narcissus are the most favored plants
and give the best results; they are also the easiest to grow.
The mammoth yellow crocus when grouped in pots makes a
brilliant showing, and the Spanish iris is also sometimes used.
Some varieties of gladiolus are also used for winter blooming
and are very beautiful. Tulips are difficult to grow, and
the beginner, at all events, must expect failure. Most
growers will be spared disappointment by avoiding them
altogether.
Most of the bulb catalogues contain cultural directions for
bulb growing of all sorts, and the amateur without experi-
ence will find it best to follow these directions very care-
fully. ‘There is no secret in obtaining success with bulbs if
they are planted in the right way, in soil suited to them and
under conditions adapted to their growth. They must, of
course, be good stock or very unsatisfactory results will fol-
low. Cheap bulbs are not at all suited to house growth,
and are seldom available for the garden unless there is very
ample space, and bulb planting can be proceeded with on a
large and generous scale. When this is possible with good
stock the results will amply justify any expenditure.
262
The Observer's
The Cheap Cottages
memory of lenges man extends snl perhaps
further, the building of cheap cottages for
problems confronting English landowners.
It is a problem that has not yet presented
eeclen in the same way in America. Our living problems are
dificult enough, as every one is aware, but the great estate,
as it is understood in England, upon which many laborers
live and look to the landowner for housing if not for actual
employment, has not yet reached us, and doubtless never will.
But in England this condition has long been the normal one,
and the difficulties of landowners to find a solution for it have
puzzled architects and builders for many years.
Like most architectural problems, matters not architectural
were the disturbing elements. ‘1 he owner desired the modest
return of 4 per cent. on his cash outlay; the tenant did not
wish to pay more than $50 rent per annum; often he could not
pay as much; frequently he was asked to pay more. Ona
rental of $50 a total outlay for building of $1,250 has long
been regarded as the average. It is easy to see what hap-
pened; in most cases nothing at all was done, and the cheap
English cottage became a national eyesore. Decay was in-
evitable; unsanitary conditions flourished in a hideous way.
Then came the natural reaction. Boards of health and sani-
tary committees took a hand. District after district adopted
stringent sanitary regulations. A public campaign was
begun and continued, until the landlords realized its impor-
tance and woke up to what it meant. Reformation and prog-
ress became the watchwords, and the demand for a cheap
cottage became not only insistent, but one of the architectural
problems of the day.
It was long felt, and perhaps rightly, that a typical de-
sign could be secured for a cottage built within a certain limit
of cost which might be available practically for all purposes
and under all similar conditions. The demand was not un-
reasonable, for modern industrial conditions are such that a
building of average material can generally be duplicated any-
where within reasonable limits at a figure not greatly in ex-
cess of the original cost. ‘The theory was good enough; the
difficulty lay in securing the desired design.
A most interesting effort to accomplish this purpose has
just been made at an exhibition of cheap cottages held at
Letchworth in Hertfordshire, near London. More than a
hundred cottages were shown in all, and the exhibition and
the discussions aroused by it excited very general interest.
Prizes were offered for buildings of specified types, and four
general classes were arranged for. These comprised (1) cot-
tages costing £150, (2) pairs of five-room cottages costing
not more than £300, (3) the best group of three or four cot-
tages costing not more than £35 per room, and (4) cottages
or pairs of cottages costing not more than £35 per room.
‘The cost in each case was to be calculated exclusive of the
architect’s fee and the builder’s profit.
The chief interest centered in the £150 cottages, which
were conceded to be the class of dwellings most particularly
desired. It may be questioned whether, in offering prizes
for a house of a specified cost, the best results were obtained.
Not a few of the buildings so designated could not, ad-
mittedly, have been reproduced elsewhere for the same sum;
the very statements of their builders, as given in the cata-
logue, were extremely cautious and many of them were built
with such thin walls as to arouse doubts as to their avail-
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS October, 1905
Note-Book
Exhibition in England
ability as winter residences. A different procedure would
have been to have offered prizes for the most economically
built cottage which would be both comfortable and weather-
proof and large enough to accommodate a certain number of
persons. In this case the builders would have fixed the cost,
the figures might have withstood severer scrutiny, and a
really economical design might have been secured.
This, however, was perhaps less important than the greater
fact that a large exhibition of actual cottages, built for ex-
hibition and practical purposes, had at last been carried to
successful completion. ‘That honest efforts had been made
and could be made to build cheap laborers’ cottages was now
demonstrated in the most complete manner possible. As an
exhibition of practical architecture for the people it has not
been surpassed, and it marks an effort that must have very
great influence in developing the small house of low cost in
the future.
Singular as it may appear, the somewhat predominating
note in the whole exhibition is one of affected picturesqueness.
A true picturesqueness is the leading quality of the little old
English cottage, a quality they were not intended to have,
but which they have acquired because they could not help it
—because of the mellowing influence of time and of the un-
premeditated way in which they have been absorbed into the
landscape. ‘This is a quality which could not possibly be
acquired by the makeshifts of modern architectural design,
by the constant use of the high-pitched roof, by lofty dor-
mers and gables, by false half-timbering and other devices,
all of which were freely used in the buildings at Letchworth,
and all of which, it is needless to say, were entirely out of
place.
Two leading characteristics were immediately apparent.
One was the question of design, and the other the use of
materials. That a cottage should be pleasant and attractive
to look upon was perhaps insisted on with needless reitera-
tion. The question invariably presented itself, Can this
house be built for the sum designated, or has some cost been
added, that it may have a certain beauty which, after all, was
more or less forced? Beauty is a very important part of any
household structure, but in dwellings of low cost it must be
subordinated to price, to sanitary considerations and to con-
venience. If, after these matters have been duly considered
and admitted in the treatment, a genuine, even if homely
and unpretentious beauty can be given to the house, a very
admirable degree of excellence has been secured. The Letch-
worth buildings did not always meet these criticisms in as full
a manner as it was hoped they would, although it should not,
in any sense, be regarded as unproductive of good results.
The results did not simply go as far as it was reasonable to
hope they would.
The use of special materials, of patented devices and of
other constructive aids to buildings was another special fea-
ture of the exhibition. Some of these materials were shown
for the first time in practical application. Their use, in a
general way, was occasioned by the double desire of reducing
the cost of the structures shown and of adding to their utility
by bettering their sanitary condition. ‘The really important
point made in this connection was that the demand for eco-
nomical building and for sanitary homes is stimulating the use
of artificial or special preparations which may, if found dur-
able and effective, drive out natural materials in many future
building operations. It is yet too soon to see how far this
will be done.
October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 263
Seen ee ile ee ee
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THE ARCHITECT AND HIS
CHARGES
(Continued from the September Number)
This is an impressive series of figures, of fig-
ures generous in suggestion, and more favor-
able, it might seem, to the architect than to the
client. Yet the men who prepared this
schedule have, time and again, demonstrated
the value of what they have given for their
money, for they have produced some of the
most notable buildings in this country, both
public and private. It may be there are archi-
tects who will do this work for less money,
but it will not be the work these men do. It
may have every excellent quality, but it will
not have the particular quality that makes the
charm and interest of the work of the authors
of this schedule.
And this touches at once on the chief draw-
back of the percentage charge for architects’
services. It places all architects on the same
level. It is a charge based on mediocrity. It
gives the poor architect more than his intel-
lectual services may be worth; it deprives the
great architect of due recompense for his own
individual qualifications. The great physician
and surgeon can charge more than the unsuc-
cessful man; the great lawyer sends in alti-
tudinous bills, which indicate rather his own
estimate of the hole he can safely put in his
client’s fortune than the real value of his serv-
ices—a perfectly legitimate performance which
has had the most eminent support and ex-
emplification.
But the great architect, the man who is
truly great, great through personal qualifica-
tions and not through the extent of the busi-
ness brought into his ofice—this man can not,
by the rules of his profession, charge more than
his most indifferent brother. It is true, the
official schedule calls the five per cent. a
‘““minimum ” charge, but this is an agreeable
fiction, for the architect who actually gets
more, in the usual run of work, is exceedingly
rare, if not wholly unknown.
Of all the great professions that of archi-
tecture alone has been brought to the basis of
a trade union by the uniformity of its charges.
The lawyer and the doctor, the engineer and
the teacher, the painter and the sculptor, the
clergyman and the editor, even the clerk in an
office, can regulate his charges by his ability.
Not, of course, that the able man is always
well paid; he rarely receives adequate com-
pensation, and never at all, judged by his own
standards; but the able man in any profession,
save that of architecture, can charge what he
may and what his services will command. The
architect can do nothing of the sort. Certain
architects have certain vogues; some are more
sought after than others; the work of some
architects are more often seen in work of a
certain class than the work of other men—a
sure indication that they have a vogue and a
certain amount of appreciation—or is it be-
cause they are the fashion? But the hated five
per cent., which in the early days of his career
appeared so generous and so ample, now in
the heyday of his fame is totally inadequate.
And rightly so. The practice of architec-
ture is an intellectual profession which can
only be successfully pursued at the expense of
much valuable gray matter. The architect
must not only have clients to succeed, but he
must think and toil with his brain. He must
know all about many different things. He
must know what others have done, and when
and how they did it. He must be up in
science; he must be in touch with processes ; he
must know how to build; and, above all, he
must know how to design. ‘The latter is
a purely intellectual accomplishment which is
not readily valued in money.
October, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
But an architect can only think a certain
number of hours a day, which means that the
products of his imagination are limited in num-
ber. His assistants will increase in number
with the increase of his practice; his own indi-
vidual contribution to each work will become
less and less as the business grows. And it
must grow if he can make it, in order that
his income keep pace with his desires or in
order that he may provide himself with a
competency for old age. He can not do this
by putting up his charges, as any other laborer
would do when he found his services more and
more in demand; for there is A and B & D
across the street, very competent men, who will
do just as good work as he will for the regular
Institute fee of fiye per cent. He can not
charge more with increased popularity—he can
only expand, and expand, and expand, spread-
ing out his own effort thinner and thinner, giv-
ing less and less to each client, putting less
and less of himself into each job.
He can not help it ‘There is nothing else
to do. And this is the real grievance of the
architect in the matter of charges. This is
the reason why the five per cent. seems to him
so inadequate and is so inadequate. It keeps
him within artificial limits. He sees other men
in other professions gaining larger and larger
incomes for the same effort as the value of
their services becomes better known and as
they are the more able to pick and choose their
work. He can do none of this. His regular
charge for straight work is five per cent., and
that is the end of the whole matter.
One significant aspect of this five per cent.
business remains to be pointed out. It limits
the architect in his charges, but it does not
limit him in his work. The architect who
has a million dollar job to do gives more for
his five per cent. than he does for a building
costing but $10,000. There is more to do,
and it must be done, or he will be a pro-
fessional failure. It is a magnificent tribute
to the integrity of the profession that this
should be the case.
Architecture, therefore, is a profession whose
financial returns are not fixed and determined
by the value of the work done, by its merit,
its distinction, its real worth, but by the
amount. It is a profession that estimates its
returns by wholesale methods. It is composed
of many much underpaid men, and it con-
tains some laborers whose annual incomes are
scarcely short of princely. These conditions, of
course, obtain in every calling.
F-6521.
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‘CHICAGO.
Bound Volumes of the Scientific American Building Monthly
Volume IX., January to June, 1890, price $2, has twelve colored plates,
fifty-six illustrations of houses with their plans, and fifteen pages of details
drawn to scale. The houses vary in price from $1, 200 to $7,000.
Volume X., July to December, 1890, price $2, has twelve colored plates
beautifully executed, fifty half-tone engravings of houses in both city and
country, and there are fourteen plates of details. Several small churches
are also illustrated. The houses vary in price from $900 to $5,000 and
over.
Volume XI., January to June, 1891, price $2. The volume contains
twelve colored plates of great merit. [here are sixty elevations of houses,
churches, stables, carriage houses, accompanied by several plans. One
house in this number cost only 695.00; the other houses range in price
up to $10,000.
Volume XIII., January to June, 1892, price $2. As in the case with
the other volumes, there are twelve colored plates; sixty-two, houses
varying in price from $2,800 to $25,000, and a number of chapels and
churches, and also one schoolhouse. This is a particularly interesting
volume,
Volume XIV., July to December, 1892, price $2. The twelve colored
plates of this issue are very attractive. There are fifty-seven elevations of
houses, churches, and stables, each accompanied by a plan giving the sizes
of therooms. Some city residences are illustrated. One of the houses
illustrated cost $1,000 and one $1,650, and the other houses vary in price.
Volume XV., January to June, 1393, price $2. Twelve colored plates
form an interesting feature of this volume. There are fifty illustrations
and plans of houses, churches, stables, etc. The houses are of all prices,
ranging from those which are comparatively inexpensive to elaborate
residences costing several thousand dollars.
Volume XVL., July to December, 1893, price #2. There are fifty-two
engravings of houses, churches, etc.. and each is accompanied by a plan.
Some of the houses in this volume are as low in price as $600. The
thousand do!lar workingman’s home at the World’s Fair is also included
in this volume.
Annual Bound Volumes, $3.50 Each, Postpaid. We can supply the following volumes :
1893 contains Volumes XV. and XVI.
1897 contains Volumes XXIII. and XXIV.
MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS ..
XI, and XIV.
Volume XVII., January to June, 1894, price $2. In addition to the
twelve colored plates, there are sixty views of attractive houses from
$2,000 up.
Volume XIX., January to June, 1895, price $2.
artistic covers bound in. There are sixty-six engravings of houses of all
prices, from $2,000 up. One of the most attractive volumes in the series,
Two churches are also included in the volume.
Volume XX., July to December, 1895 price $2. It contains six colored
covers, seventy photographic illustrations of exceedingly fine houses, a
couple of churches, stable and a windmill.
Volume XXI., January to June, inclusive, 1896, price $2. There are
six colored covers, ninety-two engravings made from photographs of
houses taken specially forthe purpose. The illustrations include churches,
libraries and other buildings.
Volume XXII., July to December, 1896, price #2. It includes six
artistic covers showing the actual appearance of the houses as regards
color. There are also one hundred and one exterior and interior views of
modern houses, from $1,950 up. City houses, courches. mausoleums,
etc., are also included.
Volume XXIII., January to June, 1897, price $2. In addition to the
six colored plates there are one hundred and seven interior and exterior
views of the latest types of houses by prominent architects. The miscel-
laneous matter includes a village hall, several libraries, a gate lodge,
schools, hospital, etc.
Volume XXIV., July to December, 1897, price $2. It includ-3 six
attractive colored plates. There are one hundred and four phe weraphic
illustrations of houses, including many interiors. A consideraple numer
of public buildings are also illustrated.
Volume XXVI., July to December, 1898, price $2. Nearly a hundred
large scale illustrations of the exteriors and interiors of modern houses will
be found in this volume. There are also clubhouses, gate lodges, etc.
There are many examples of foreign architecture scattered through the
book, and sculpture is not neglected.
It has the six highly
1890 contains Volumes IX. and X.
1895 contains Volumes XIX. and XX.
Volume XXX., July to December, 1900, price $2. The colored plates
are particularly fine, and the half-tone illustrations of houses and interiors
are very artistic. The literary contents and the drawings of details add to
the value of this volume.
Volume XXXII., July to December, 1901, price $2. Six covers in tint
and more than two hundred illustrations of houses, interiors, details, gar-
dens. etc. The editorial discussions, notes, comments, departments, and
““Talks with Architects’? cover a wide range of topics and make this
volume of permanent interest and value.
Volume XXXIII., January to June, 1902, price $2. Six covers in tint and
more than two hundred illustrations with plans form the illustrative features
of this volume. Six well-known architects contribute timely “* Talks”? on
important architectural problems of the day. The edivorial and literary
departments are up to the highest standard of usefulness and interest.
Volume XXXVI., July to December, 1903, price $2. Six tinted covers
and two hundred and seventy-two illustrations, many of unusual size.
Special attention has been given in this volume to large American estates.
The variety of contents continues to make the BUILDING MONTHLY the
most valuable periodical of its kind.
Volume XXXVIL., January to June, 1904, price $2. Six tinted covers
and three hundred and eleven illustrations, the most richly illustrated
volume of the series. Many notable houses are illustrated and described,
| and every effort has been made to make this volume of special value to
every one interested in the building of the home and its adornment.
Volume XXXVIII., July to December, 1904, price $2. Six tinted
covers, two hundred and seventy-two illustrations made from original
photographs taken especially for the BUILDING MONTHLY.
Volume XXXIX., January to June, 1905, price $*. Six covers in tint
and three hundred and eigbt illustrations. A rich conspectus of interesting
notable houses. Many fine estates are treated with ample fulness. The
discussions of current architectural themes are of permanent value and of
unusual interest.
We also have architectural books for sale.
we mail free to any address.
Send for a catalogue, whick
1891 contains Volumes XI. and XII. 1892 contains Volumes
1896 contains Volumes XXI. and XXII.
1904 contains Volumes XXXVII. and XXXVIII
. .. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY
266 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
October, 1905
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and wood. Write for a copy.
THE ADVANTAGE OF
FALL PAINTING) | scons ssvsscats seriszer ny a
The Glen Steel Folding Mat
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One scrape of the foot in any direction across a Glen Steel Mat takes off all those balls of mud
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Write for Descriptive Circular and Table of Contents to
MUNN & COMPANY, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
FIFTY SUGGESTIONS FOR
THE HOUSE
12. The Principles of Furnishing
In planning or furnishing a dwelling, what-
ever or wherever it may be, you must be gov-
erned by three considerations—what you want,
what you need, what you can have.—Lillie
Hamilton French.
13. Painted and Papered Walls
ARTISTICALLY the choice between paper and
paint depends upon several considerations.
While walls simply painted unquestionably
look bare in comparison with those covered
with paper, this is sometimes an advantage, as
in summer cottages, to which they give a feel-
ing of space and air, and in rooms containing
a large amount of furniture, where they im-
prove the effect of the furniture by affording a
plain background. Where pictures are to be
hung also, either a painted wall or a plain
paper is much to be preferred to a figured
paper, which would produce a sense of weari-
some confusion.—T. M. Clarke.
14. Camp Furnishings
THE charm of the camps in the Adirondacks
and Canada woods, luxurious and costly as
some of them are, lies in the fact that, although
every comfort is provided, nothing suggesting
care is introduced; nothing that would imply
interference with the free enjoyment of the
woods or the untrammeled life of those who
have gone there for rest and refreshment.
A satin hanging in a camp would be inap-
propriate; ebonies, mahoganies, costly inlaid
woods as much out of key as an elaborate
service of silver and glass.—Lillie Hamilton
French.
15. Treatment of Pine Floors
Harp pine floors should be first filled with
white shellac—in proportions of two gallons
of shellac diluted with one gallon of wood
alcohol—and after two coats of shellac there
should be one or two of fine varnish. Sweep-
ing with a long-handled hair broom is light,
quick work, and the floor should be wiped
with a damp cloth once a week. If such a
floor is rubbed twice a year with paraffine oil
it will lengthen the time for redressing. Chest-
nut stairs should be treated the same, but
chestnut is a more porous wood, and it will
require more of shellac filling. Kitchen, bath-
room and laundry floors are best oiled about
once a month. Boiled linseed oil and turpen-
tine, mixed half and half, make an excellent
oil for this purpose. Soft pine floors should
be painted, but hard pine never, as the paint
will peal off in spite of almost any precautions.
—Delineator.
16. The Pitch of Roofs
WHERE the pitch or angle with the horizon-
tal of any roof covered with shingles, slates or
tiles is too low, drifting snow will blow up
under them, unless they are laid in cement,
and melt there, often causing a small leak;
and the shingles on low-pitched roofs soon rot
out on account of the slowness with which
rain-water drains away from them. ‘The
minimum pitch for such roofs should be 26%
degrees, or “ quarter-pitch,” as the carpenters
call it, the rise of the roof being one-fourth of
the span, and a higher pitch is much to be pre-
ferred; and, unless the pitch is very steep,
shingles, or slates, or tiles should be out on
over two layers of waterproof felt, tacked to
the roof-boarding.—T. M. Clarke.
October, 1905
NEW BOOKS
Picturesque English Cottages
PicTURESQUE ENGLISH COTTAGES AND THEIR
Doorway GarpEens. By P. H. Ditch-
field, F.S.A., F.R.H.S. With a Pref-
atory Note by Ralph Adams Cram.
Philadelphia: The John C. Winston
Company, 1905. Pp. 112. Price, $2.00
net. Postage, 20 cents.
For sheer pure picturesqueness few buildings
surpass the little old English cottage, the mimic
building built, in most cases, without thought
of effect, without regard for environment,
without purpose to please, without a single
underlying idea than to be a simple home in a
quiet, unpretentious, simple way. As a matter
of fact, this one idea is quite sufficient to serve
as a basis for good home building in all times
and ages and under all conditions, but the
modern searcher after the utilitarian rarely
reaches picturesque forms, certainly nowhere
approaches the satisfying charm of these very
charming old English houses.
Yet it would be a mistake to assume that
this charm simply came of itself and without
guidance. It would be easily possible for the
analyst to indicate several definite circum-
stances that have produced the final result-
ant. There was simplicity first and all the
time, no manifest effort, no thought of form,
no idea of being other than a simple little
house. Being small houses there was no effort
at expansion; they were built low and neat,
within the compass of a narrow pocket. The
native materials of the soil were used, just
such materials as, in many cases, could be had
for the taking. Hence cottages in different
parts of England have quite different and
thoroughly characteristic forms and features,
for the house must be built as the materials
permitted. Because native materials were used
the finished dwelling set well with the sur-
rounding landscape; it was but part of the
landscape put into a new form. And with all
this was a native natural taste; no understand-
ing of great things in art, no knowledge or
appreciation of art, but a quiet natural taste
that simply would not go wrong, and which
used such humble materials in so humble a
way that it was impossible to step far aside
from the simplest path.
And to all this must be added the over-
whelming advantage of old age. Newness is
on: of the most difficult qualities to handle in
an artistic way; in a certain sense it is an artis-
tic impossibility. Just how we would regard
the old English houses were they brand-new is
impossible to determine. Fortunately this is
a purely academic question, of no value at all
before the great wealth of picturesque fine old
houses that still remain in England: houses of
every size, great and small; houses of every
cost, large and little; houses built at one time
and houses added onto, changed, bettered or
even made worse with succeeding generations.
England is a rare country for old buildings oi
every sort, albeit it is active enough in modern
undertakings. And then the great natural
beauty of its scenery, the deep greenness of its
rain-soaked fields and lawns, its rich flower-
ings, its fine gardens—one need not step off
English soil to view the utterraost delights in
all that appertains to the house and garden,
in fine and beautiful form.
That England is full of beautiful old dwell-
ings is doubtless known to most travelers,
but the singular beauty and penetrating charm
of the cottage, of the small dwelling house, is
perhaps less fully appreciated, and Mr. Ditch-
field’s beautiful book, dealing with a subject
he has somewhat made his own, is, therefore,
very welcome. Given a handsome dress by its
AMERICAN HOMES
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HEYWOOD BROTHERS AND WAKEFIELD COMPANY
New York, Boston, Buffalo, Philadelphia. Baltimore, Chicago,
San Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland, Ore.
J. C. PLIMPTON & CO., Agents,
London and Liverpocl, England
So weil-known are
STYLE 6766U
A rich, substantial, and elegant effect
in Leather and dark Rattan
267
268 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905
“DIRECT ono EAGT ORY"
GRILLES MANTELS
TILES
of Every Description for Walls, Floors, Etc
uys t this solid oak Mantel, 80 in. high, 54 or 60 in. wide
8x16 Mirror. Heavy columns and elaborate capitals.
Tile facing and hearth. Club house grate, $10.00,
No. 225—48 x 12 inches, aT 60. Retail value, $7.00 Write for catalog of Mantels, Grates, Tiles for floors
No. 230—48x14 inches, with Curtain Pole, $4.50. and baths, Slate Laundry Tubs, Grilles, etc. It is free.
Retail value, $9.00 Or send 10 cents to pay postage on our Art Mantel Cat-
Others from $2.50 up. Largest assortment. Division alog. Mantel Outfits from $12 to oO.
W. F. OSTENDORF, 2417 .N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. €
Screens and special Grilles to order
Uniform Temperature
It makes no difference whether you have furnace, steam or hot water apparatus;
or whether it is new or old. All you need is the
MINNEAPOLIS HEAT REGULATOR.
It automatically controls the drafts. A change of one degree at the thermostat is
sufficient to operate the dampers. This device is as simple and no more expensive than a
good clock. It embodies economy, comfort and health. Has provenits merit for 22 years.
BERWICK, PA., Jan. 17. 1902. CEDAR FALLS, Iowa.
Find enclosed check for regulator, I have givenita Enclosed find draft for the amount due for ‘regulator.
thorough trial, and find it all you claim for it and a very Iam very much pleased with the regulator, and would
usefuldevice. Thanking you for your courtesy for the not part with it for five times what I paid for it, ifL
period of trial. FRANK FAUST. could not get it otherwise. F. E. MILLER.
Ass’t Cashier, Cedar Falls National Bank,
Six years ago I installed one of your regulators in my house, and [ cannot praise it sufficiently. I can safely say
it has saved me two tons of coal each season, and I have always retained an even temperature throughout the
house. FRANK S., SMITA, Secretary Board of Health Warwick, N. Y.
SENT ON 30 DAYS ABSOLUTELY FREE TRIAL.
If not satisfactory in every way, return at our W. R. SWEATT, Secretary,
expense. Writetoday. Booklet free. Ist. Ave. and GSt. Minneapolis, Minn.
5
FULLOF ©
MECHANICAL, |
HINTS
publishers, illustrated in an abundant and
almost lavish fashion, and dealing with as
picturesque a subject as the whole field of
architecture supplies, it is a book of real de-
light.
Mr. Ditchfield makes no attempt to cover
the whole field of cottage architecture in Eng-
land, or even to treat his subject historically ;
his book is rather a comprehensive survey of
the whole subject, and the reader, who will
not willingly put it down until he has finished
it, will close the volume with a fair knowledge
of the full range of the subject, and a greatly
enhanced notion of the picturesque qualities of
these fine old buildings.
Mr. Cram’s brief and historical note is
followed by an introductory chapter which is
succeeded by a study of methods of construc-
tion. “Then come chapters on Roofs and
Chimneys, The Cottage Garden, Flowers of
the Gardens, The Evolution of ‘the Cottage,
Strange Survivals—Geology and Variations in
Style, Foreign Influence in Cottage Archi-
tecture, Windows and Folklore, and Shops,
Inns and Historic Cottages. In a general way,
therefore, the subject is amply covered, and is
presented in a highly intelligent and interest-
ing way.
The illustrations in this book, which are
both numerous and very beautiful, immedi-
ately suggest the great differences which exist
between modern buildings and old,and between
buildings in England and those in Amer-
ica. Of the modern cottage, the modern
cheap cottage, built by rule, in the simplest
way and with an astonishing regard for ugli-
ness, our author has nothing but a righteous
contempt. “The problem of building cheap
modern cottages does not yet seem to have
been satisfactorily solved. But the difference be-
tween houses in England and houses in Amer-
ica is brought out with greater startlingness.
America has some few old houses, and some
of these we sometimes think have considerable
individual charm. But England is filled with
delightful old houses, as unpretentious as you
please, but meeting the eye of the traveler at
almost every turn of the road. If this be not
literally true they are at least so abundant
that there is always some interesting old house
to see, giving charm and variety to the land-
scape to which they belong and of which they
are apart. We have nothing to place in com-
parison with these buildings; and, while we
might not care to live in them, might, indeed,
find them completely unfitted for modern use,
the very sight of them fills one with envy and
regret that they are not at one’s own doors.
Growing Roses
Roses AND How To Grow THEM. A Man-
ual for Growing Roses in the Garden and
under Glass. New York: Doubleday,
Page & Company, 1905. Pp. 189. Price,
$1.00 net.
There is an abundance of useful informa-
tion concerning rose culture in this little mono-
graph, which is announced as Volume I. of
“The Garden Library.” It is packed with
practical knowledge from beginning to end,
touching on every topic valuable in rose cul-
ture and presenting its facts in a plain, direct
way that not only appeals immediately to the
amateur, but which is precisely the kind of
information, put in exactly the best way, that
rose growers need.
No book has ever yet been produced for
which some one, or some group, was respon-
sible. It is the reader’s right to know who
is responsible for the book he buys. More-
over, no one need ever hesitate to attach his or
her name—and the real name—to any good
October, 1905 AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDENS
MANTELS of Quality
Direct from Factory to Consumer
An artistic mantel adds a tone of
luxury and refinement to a room
that is afforded by no other piece
of furniture. When buying itis
well to select from a line that is
designed by the world’s most fa-
mous artists and designers. We
employ the most skilled talent in
every department and are equip-
ped to turn out strictly high-
grade goods, and by making
them in large quantities and sell-
ing “‘direct to the consumer,’
we are able to save you from 35%
to 50% on your purchase. Send
10 CENTS IN STAMPS for our
large book entitled ‘ SCIENCE
OF MANTEL MAKING,” which il-
lustrates 100 up-to-date designs.
Central Mantel Co.
1243 Olive St. St. Louis
RUNNING WATER IN YOUR COUNTRY HOME
[Pumps water by water-power] RIFE AUTOMATIC
HYDRAULIC RAM. No Attention. No Expense. Runs
Continuously. Complete system extending to stable, green-
house, lawn, fountains and formal gardens. Operates under
18 in.to 50 ft. fall. Elevates water 30 ft. for every foot fall
used. Eighty per cent. efficiency developed.
Over 4,500 plants in successful operation.
Large plants for towns, institutions, railroad
tanksand irrigation. Catalog & estimates free
RIFE ENGINE CO., 126 Liberty St., N.Y.
A. W. FABER
Mitinimei-aic tory Established, 17/61
Lead Pencils, Colored Pencils, Slate Pencils,
Writing Slates, Inks, Stationers’ Rubber
Goods, Rulers, Artists’ Colors
78 READE STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.
GRAND PRIZE, Highest Award, PARIS, 1900
Racine Brass & Iron Co.
RACINE, WIS.
Iron, Bronze and Aluminum
Castings for Automobiles
Water Jacket Cylinders a Specialty. Correspondence Solicited
“YPEWRITERS
Re MaAKEs $15 70$ 75
‘GUARANTEED-CATALOGUE FREE
PHILA. TYPEWRITER EXCHANGE
> PHILADELPHIAS PITTSBURG.
Established tccessor
tea D. Dorendort Ci tiv
MANUFACTURER OF
Flag Poles, Copper Weather Vanes
and Special Copper Cable
Lightning Conductors
145 CENTRE ST-,NEW YORK
SB
Take off your Hat to the
( For whether you ne ind” or Power |
X aa Hay foots Stor >Sfore Ladders, Gate
Hangers-o' f—Pump Fixtures
MYER: ERS’ are Always Best
Quality and Service Is the Myers slogan—
you've always got your money’s worth and @
bargain besides when you buy from MYERS,
320-Page Catalog with close prices FREE,
f. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio
Details of Building
Construction
A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introductory text
By CLARENCE A. MARTIN
Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University
This book is 10 by 122 inches in size, and
substantially bound in dah. PRICE, °
FOR SALE BY
MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, N. Y. City
Why Not Utilize the Waste Heat for the Drying of the Clothes >
This Is Accomplished by the Use of the
One Fire Heats Water, Heats Ilat Irons,
Boils Clothes, and Dries the Clothes by
what would ordinarily be waste heat.
Substantially constructed of metal
throughout and absolutely fire-proof,
Made in all sizes. No residence or other
institution is complete without this
apparatus, Send for Catalogue.
We also make
y Dryers heated by GAS, STEATII and
HOT WATER, suitable for Residences,
Flat Buildings and Public Institutions.
Chicago Clothes Dryer Works
2340-342 Wabash Ave., Chicago 134-136 W. 24th St., New York City
DESIGNED
'O accomplish successful results in interior decoration, the style employed must
find accurate representation in the furniture.
We maintain at all times a large collection of specially designed furniture,
and each piece is a superb example of one of the styles created by the masters who
dominated the great periods. In our own wood-working shop we make furniture to
order, perfectly reproducing the masterpieces of all periods of decoration. Purity
of style and workmanship of the highest order are guaranteed. Sketches of these
classic pieces will be prepared by our own designers to suit architects’ specifications.
For any form of interior decoration we offer architects our exceptional facilities, together with our
matchless stock of floor coverings, draperies and wall-hangings. Correspondence invited.
W.& J.SLOANE, 886 Broadway, New York City
270 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905
beok that finds its way into print. The name
of no editor or author is attached to this book
on roses, although the preface states its con-
tents is made up from sundry periodicals is-
sued by its publishers, and the names of some
special contributors are there given. As this
| is the first volume of a “ Library,” it is to be
e ! hoped that less modest persons than those re-
So m eft 1 CW sponsible for the present book will be obtained
bd for later numbers.
This book is not concerned with the es-
thetics of rose culture, but aims to tell, in as
A washable and per- Plain colors in oil admi- concise a mane as posse they may be
‘ ‘ ede grown an under what conditions success can
fectly sanitary wallcover- rably adapted to ceiling be obtained with them. Tt begins) -therelam
ing. Cloth foundation fin- and fresco work. Hides with a useful chapter on when, where and how
; ; to plant. These subjects are treated with
ished in oil cracks and much minuteness, hints on the soil, on making
beds, on handling newly arrived plants, and
colors. Best Pp laster other topics being Ft! A chau on the
wall cover- stains. routine of work tells what to do during the
: , - various months of the season. Pruning, in-
ing forkitch- A Water- sects, diseases and spraying come in for their
Cit, Pan tiny, Proot, Ver share of information. A calendar of labor in
, the rose garden, prepared with especial refer-
ence to the latitude of New York, is a practical
feature of great value. Roses for cut flowers
under glass, types and races, roses for special
bathroom, f } min - proof,
closet, and J applied to
! other walls thew al purposes and roses of American origin com-
Weillkeat cag a like paper,
plete the list of special topics, though the bare
mention of them hardly sets forth the wealth
lwashabie and inex- of practical knowledge, the many useful hints
and other items of value which the book con-
tains. ‘The illustrations are intended to eluci-
Sirtacie IS pensive.
desired. Prints, plain col- For sale’ by the Dry date the points presented in the text, and do
Es so in a thoroughly sufficient manner. An
ors and tiles in dull, var- Goods ‘Trade and Oil] index adds to the usefulness qf thoninete
nished and glazed effects. Cloth Dealers.
PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT
“= Metal Shingles Ss _
e O THOSE who do not wish “to play
Standard Table (il Cloth Co T out the tragedy ” of the old roof to the
©9 end, who desire information as to the
best material to cover a new home, or seek for
= points on ornamentation allied to service, and
320 Broadway, New York City. who do not trust instructions they may have
at hand, the possession of a good catalogue or
kindred literature is often the solution of the
question. The issuance of booklets in a shape
that avoids the inveterate form and traditions
of the usual catalogue is rapidly augmenting
our practical and artistic knowledge of the
various trades. Frequently they are merely
accessories or pioneers to the standard cata-
logue, and in a bright and familiar way make
one interested in the bold and solid presenta-
tions of the weightier companion. Sometimes
the paper issued takes on the dignity of a
monthly publication, generally illustrated and
fairly bound. This phase of showing the
qualities of an industry with pictorial assist-
ance is conjointly given in the series of publi-
= JOIST G S cations printed for the Cortright Metal
anD TIMBER HAN ER Roofing Co., Philadelphia, Pa. A booklet,
TWO SSS LATHS IN THE WORLD
More than One Hundred Renae Any Special Size to Order “ ‘The Cortright Paint for Metal Shingles,”
LANE” BRIO dar E eee (GO), deals with the subject of preservation of roofs
(THE DOOR HANGER PEOPLE) in a manner of interest to every property
434-426 PROSPECT ST. POUGHKEEPSIE, N. ¥Y | owner. These paints were put on the market
eighteen years ago, and have stood the hardest
tests, and while prepared particularly for these
metal shingles, are yet adaptable for all kinds
ee of roofing. The manufacturers claim that the
Se paint will neither scale nor peel, and that roofs
once covered with it are good for four or five
should be the first thought to pass through an
architect’s mind when roof specifications come up. 4 years without further attention of this char-
They last indefinitely, and always give satisfaction. acter. Every part of a Cortright metal roof
CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO. 1 i" ° ‘ o = 1 ] =
Philadelphia and Chicago fe | ; —metal slates or Victoria shingles, ridge
coping, hip-covering and valley—is painted
with this material before it leaves the factory,
and it is done by dipping each piece separately
in the vat full of paint. The goods are allowed
October, 1905
THE
I} «“CHAMPION”
| LOCK JOINT
Metal
Shingle
i] Inexpensive
! Ornamental
MADE BY
7 H. ELLER @ CO.
1610 E. Fifth St. CANTON, OHIO
Also Makers of
Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Etc.
UR remarkable recent inventions enable us
to offer the public an intensely brilliant,
smokeless gas at much less cost than city
gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and
costing but one-fourth as much as Acetylene.
Most durable and least expensive apparatus to
maintain in effective perpetual operation. Gives
services of lighting, cooking, and heating.
Fullest satisfaction guaranteed, and easy terms
The very apparatus for suburban homes, institu-
tions, etc. We construct special apparatus also for
fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equiv-
alent to city gas at 50 cents per 1,coocubic feet. and
made to respond to very large demands, also for
lightirg towns, etc.
C. M. KEMP MFG. CO.,
BALTIMORE, MD.
Locations for Builders
Throughout the Southwest, especially
in Oklahoma and Indian Territories, Ar-
j kansas and Texas, along the line of the
numerous towns and small cities have
sprung up along the many new lines of
the System that have recently been con-
structed, and openings for builders, con-
tractors, architects and manufacturers in
many lines ezist.
Send for a copy of handbook entitled
“ Opportunities.”
M. Schulter, tnaustriat Commissioner
Frisco Building St. Louis, Miho,
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 271
MARSTON’S
HAND AND FOOT POWER
foe AR Seis
a
i
al
AULA
Ser |
———— = a\
TT = AN\\\\ Ny
anal
SAN
i) 2
\" \ A Ly = ih iN &
Z i\ mw» ly
» aim ye
Iron Frame, 36 inches high.
CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED,
with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in,
Steel shafts and best Babbitt metal boxes Boring table and side treadle.
Gears are all machine-cut from solia iron. Weight, complete, 350 Ibs,
Two 7-inch saws and two crank handles with each machine, Send for catalogue.
J. M. Marston & Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass.
Four Trains Daily
between Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati and
the South, via Monon Route and C. H. & D.
Two Trains Daily
between Chicago, Louisville and West Baden
and French Lick Springs.
Three Trains
Chicago to LaFayette.
Parlor Cars on Day Trains, Palace Sleeping
and Compartment Cars on Night Trains.
FRANK J. REED, CHAS. H. ROCKWELL,
Gen. Pass. Agt., Trafic Manager,
CHICAGO,
272
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
October, 1905
is often spoiled by the use of inappropriate hardware.
This Label is
Accept no
on Genuine Substitute
Pantasote Insist upon
Furniture Pantasote
PAC-SINILE TRADE-MARK LABEL
Leather
IS BEST FOR UPHOLSTERY
YOU CAN’T TELL THE DIFFERENCE
between Pantasote Leather and real leather. Pantasote Leather can be used for every
purpose for which real leather isadapted. Pantasote is durable, bright, odorless, easily cleaned,
does not crack, is fireproof, waterproof, and wears and looks like leather in every respect.
PANTASOTE Costs One-Third as much as Real Leather
The great demand for Pantasote has led to the substitution of many inferior imitations,
To protect you against fraud accept no furniture as covered with Pantasote from your dealer or
upholsterer unless it bears our trade-mark label as shown above. Do not accept his ‘* Just as
good’’ theory; insist upon Pantasote.
See that the word ‘“‘PANTASOTE"’ is embossed on selvage edge of all piece goods.
Pantasote was awarded the Grand Prize and two Gold Medals at St. Louis.
FOR TRIAL PURPOSES we have for sale four sizes of chair seats, which give you
the amount of upholstery material you want, making the cost very small for new seats for
chairs you may have that need reupholstering. We will send, on receipt of price and name
of upholsterer, chair seat size 18 x 18 inch, 25c.; 25 x 25 inch, 50c.; 27 x 27 inch, 70¢.;
36 x 36 inch, $1.00.
Upon application, will send our catalogue showing
material in the different colors in which it is made.
THE PANTASOTE COMPANY
Dept. Six, 11 Broadway, New York
oA Handsome Entrance
The beauty may be enhanced by trimming
the doors with a design correct in its proportions and finished to harmonize with its surroundings.
Sargent’s ia Farigray Cabinet.
FARIGRAY
Medicine and
Shaving Cabinet
‘| A chest in which every bottle is in
} front, with the label in plain
fF} =view—hands you the bottle you’ re look-
| ing for. Shelves in door are so made that
} bottles can’t fall off. Holds 50 bottles of
all sizes. 17 in. wide, 23% in. bigh, 74
| in. deep. 10x14 in. beveled plate mirror—
adjustable to most any angle for shaving.
Beautiful piece of cabinet work, hand-
somely finished in antique
oak or white enamel.
PRICE $7 00 SHIPPED ON
i
ONLY APPROVAL
The only practical,
y safe, convenient and
H economical medicine
chest
Freight prepaid north
# of the Ohio, west of
eeeg the Alleghanies, and
Safi east of Kansas on re-
m™ ceipt of price — pro-
fea rated to other points.
4 Wrice for our time
payment proposition to
you. Address
#1 FARISH & GRAY
Makers of Fine
os the wrong medicine adminis-
tered by mistake—cases like
CLOSED
Furniture Specialties
329 LincolnTrust Bldg.
t. Louis
The most modern Heater made
A REPUTATION
The
Furnace is distinctly known as
the Finest development in Heater
construction. It guarantees
healthfully warmed air—vwith the
greatest possible economy in fuel
“THATCHER” TUBULAR
May we send you our illustrated
booklet—‘‘Homes of Comfort ''—free?
Thatcher Furnace Co.
Nos. 110-112-114-116 Beekman Street
NEW YORK
Works: Newark, N.J.
274 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905
LSSPSSEPSSSLSPSPADSSEREPSESELELE china indices, imperial waste with china index,
three-eighths inch I. P. size supply pipes and
vented “P”’ traps. ‘These specimens are de-
signed in one piece without cracks or plaster of
Paris joints, thereby insuring complete sanita-
tion and entire avoidance of leakage, incon-
veniences and dangers. ‘Their extreme white-
ness, dainty outlines and consummate work-
J wes: a P U JB see Ee
¢c American
states and Gardens
@
4to. 11x13% inches. Illuminated Cover and
275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. Price, $10.00
LAVATORY WITH PEDESTAL BASE.
manship make them immediately desirable.
Their positive construction in one piece, by
which they are never a menace to valuable
surroundings, and their quality of avoiding
sloppy conditions, make them a favorite for
installation in bedrooms and dressing-rooms as
well as in bathrooms. ‘The factories making
this company’s ware are in Allegheny, New
Brighton, Louisville and Detroit; the stores,
branches and showrooms are in Pittsburg,
New York, Cleveland, Louisville, New
Orleans, Chicago, St. Louis, Boston, Phila-
delphia, Montreal and London, and ware-
houses in New York and Boston. We give
this remarkable list, so that those interested in
fine sanitary ware of the strength of iron, the
purity of china and the grace of art may know
where they are kept on exhibition. Look up
the “‘ Neva,” one of the newest and most
luxurious designs in lavatories. It is made
FESTEVOR:
By~ BARR FERREE
Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’’ Corresponding Member of the
American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute
of British Architects
4
SUMPTUOUS BOOK dealing with some of the most stately
houses and charming gardens in America. The illustrations
are in nearly all cases made from original photographs, and are
beautifully printed on double coated paper. Attractively bound.
The book will prove one of the most interesting books of the
year, and wil fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a
luxurious book on our American Homes.
LAVATORY WITH LEGS.
with a back 12 inches high, and attention
is directed to the curved bowl, 11x19
inches. The unique shape and general ar-
tistic appearance will commend its use in
the most elaborate homes. Ask for the
“Argus,” unquestionably a perfect corner
piece; no joints, finished flush into the wall,
and therefore allows no place for germs or
foreign matter to accumulate. From waste
plug to wall vent, the accessories of this article
are recommendatory from every point of the
plumber’s scientific and ornamental attain-
ments. It will be gratifying to persons build-
FFAS AS AB Ba aa aa a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a aa aa
cMunn ¢& Company
Publishers of “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ”
FB FR A BB Pa aa aaa aaa aaa a a a a aa a a a a a a
No. 361 Broadway~ :: New York
Helos
Lake gas
SESS SPSL ELE S PR LCRPLP LS PSPSLELVS
October, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
Heating
Talks
II THE IDEAL
HEAT
The Ideal Heat is pure fresh air,
warmed to just the right temperature,
in every room and in every part of each
room— which means KELSEY HEAT.
THE KELSEY WARM AIR GEN-
ERATOR gives Ideal Heat because
it does not “bake” or “scorch” the air as
a furnace does, or warm the same air
over and over like a Steam or Hot Water
System with radiators.
If you are building, or thinking of
building, or if the System in the house
you live in now is at all unsatisfactery —
write for our Book and learn what THE
KELSEY GENERATOR really is, does
and costs—and what it prevents and saves.
than Direct Steam and Hot
Entirely different from
Water Systems, 15 to 30
Furnaces, Steam and Hot
Water Systems.
Better because it gives
healthier Heat—much
more even distribution of
the Heat—no unsightly
radiatcrs and pipes to
increase the cost and col-
lect dirt—no coal dust or
gas—and the minimum
cost for Coal—less even
per cent. less than Indirect
Steam and Hot Water Sys-
tems, and 20 to 40 per
cent. less than Furnaces.
Adapted to Homes,
Schools and Churches of
all sizes and styles—old
or new.
27,000 actually in use.
Kelsey Heating Co.
Main Office
342 West Fayette St.
SYRACUSE, N.Y.
Branch Office
156 Fifth Avenue
NEW YORK
y
Remington
Typewriter
Lasts.
Lasts.
Therefore
Remington
Supremacy
BAD PLAN TS
S the saving of time
and dollars worth
while >
@ Yes. Then always
buy the very highest
grade obtainable of
hardy trees and plants.
Send to us for them, no
matter how far away
% you live.
@ Get results—prompt, satisfactory, eco-
nomical results. Our stock produces them.
Why? Because it is grown with an
amount of care and an attention to details
that is unusual, Though our plants are
low priced, they are grown in the best
manner, regardless of expense.
@ We make certain that our plants are
strong, healthy, full of life. No cheaply
WORTH HAVING
grown, unsatisfactory, time-wasting weak-
lings for our customers—only vigorous,
sturdy stock.
G Modest rates and an exceptionally large
assortment make the world our market
We surely can offer valuable suggestions
and give practical advice to distant cus-
tomers and deliver stock to them in per-
fect condition.
@ Our specialty is hardy ornamentals—trees,
shrubs, vines, evergreens and hardy perennials
—all the good old kinds and the best of the new.
The beautiful literature offering this stock is
interesting, helpful, full of useful suggestions
and well illustrated.
QIf you need hardy plants of any kind, write
a letter about them, enclosing two-cent stamp,
and ask for our catalogue. It may be greatly
to your benefit to be on our mailing list. A
new race of flowers will make a horticultural
sensation when we decide to advertise them.
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, Inc.
Box P, Germantown
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
The most
beautiful
magazine
in the
world
important
Remaking a Village
Stately Country Houses
Enclosed
find $3.00, for
which send me
The Country
Calendar for one
year and a copy of
“Garden Making,”’ as
per your special offer.
American Homes and Gardens, October, 1905
CALENDAR
FOR OCTOBER
Will contain a magnificently illustrated artrcle by HENRY BEACH NEEDHAM on
President Roosevelt
AS A
Country Gentleman
Excellent new photographs, taken by special appointment with our artist, of the President, cutting
down trees, haying in the fields, and enjoying himself generally at Sagamore Hill.
In this number also will appear a timely article by JOHN BURROUGHS and the following
HOME-MAKING FEATURES:
Water Supply for Country Homes
Co-operating with the Architect
This beautiful special number will be sold out immediately on publication.
SPECIAL OFFE All lovers of life in the country are strongly urged to sub-
; scribe to our new magazine before the October issue
comes out, especially as we are now offering to new subscribers Professor L. H. Bailey’s
standard work on ‘* GARDEN MAKING,”’’
edition, issued by The Macmillan Company,—at the regular subscription price of $3.00.
Cut off this coupon and send at once to
THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS BOOK COMPANY
Twenty-five
cents a copy.
Three dollars
a year
FALL=PLANTING FEATURES:
Color Schemes in the Garden
How to Plant a Tree
Planting for the Hardy Garden
Tables for Fall Planting
FREE, —400 pages, 250 illustrations, regular
13 Astor Place, New York
AMERICAN HOMES
The CHAMPION IRON CO.
KENTON, OHIO.
"9" = STRUCTURAL IRON.
ORNAMENTAL
CAST AND WROUGHT IRON.
JAIL CELL WORK.
FENCES AND RAILINGS.
@® 8 @
Catalogue of above furnished, and Prices
wy quoted on application.
As You Ride
about the country your at-
tention is always attracted
by the tanks and towers
that supply water to country
homes and rural villages.
The handsome ones are
made by the
W.E. Caldwell Co.
Louisville, Kentucky
2
i
T.PA-A.N.Y 2
el PAAR ,
She Davis @ Roesch
Water Thermostat
A DRAFT CONTROLLER FOR
HOT WATER HEATERS
Simple,
Accurate,
Inexpensive.
Will. save 25 per cent. of
your coal bill.
Will regulate the tempera-
ture of your whole house.
; : Catalogue free upon request.
Davis & Roesch Temperature Controlling Co.
NEWARK, N. J.
AND GARDENS
October, 1905
ing or having bathrooms installed to be able
to view the styles and sizes of these lavatories.
The assortment of nickelplated brass trim-
mings was never so complete as to-day. See
the patterned grace of the nickelplated brass
legs and frames designed for the ‘ Copley”
and “ Lenox” types, also the legs for use on
one piece lavatories supported on concealed
wall hangers. On examination of the various
exhibits it will be seen that the line is unsur-
passable and of sufficient variety to meet the
taste of any one. Besides lavatories for homes,
the visitor will see these articles designed for
use in alcoves, closets and wardrobes, in
offices, hotels and public buildings. The
“Recess” is an example of this class, and is
made in two sizes, the larger 21 x 31 inches.
For factory and institutions in general will
be found a porcelain enameled lavatory for
use in corners of rooms, the total length of
the piece being 14 feet, 7 feet from the cor-
ner to each end. For barbers, schools and
public toilet-rooms, the ““ Duo” design, one of
the very newest creations, with two complete
fixtures in one piece; also the ‘“ Tonsorial
Sectional Lavatory.” Each of its sections
is a complete one-piece article in itself, and the
different sections are permanently secured by
nickelplated union strips. In their way, as in-
teresting and important as the above are the
laundry trays and kitchen sinks, porcelain
enameled and fitted with the accessories re-
cently developed by the designers of this branch
of the great industry. “The goods mentioned
and the general output may be seen to de-
cided advantage also by procuring the great
catalogue and the monthly parts of cata-
logues. No finer work has ever been reached
in this or any other line of manufacturers’
printed matter. ‘This unsurpassable catalogue
and the periodicals are issued by the company’s
publishing department. The numbers form
a sequence of art and typography devoted to
the interests of modern sanitation, that ad-
mirers of good form in illustrated and descrip-
tive business literature will not willingly see
decline. Address the general offices, Stand-
ard Sanitary Manufacturing Company, Pitts-
burg, Pa.
The Story of an Industry
and fitting business the manufacturer
must be constantly designing and building
labor-saving machinery, must be always im-
proving the quality and design of the goods
produced, and must bring out new lines of
products as rapidly as the growth of trade de-
mands. With these facts ever in mind, he
should devote himself assiduously to the study
of the mechanical features involved in the
enterprise, early recognize the importance of
system, and be alert at pioneering in any direc-
tion of industrial effort in his line of work.
This policy has always been followed by the
Crane Company, established in Chicago in
1855. Mr. C. T. Crane, its founder, opened
a brass works in the corner of a lumber yard.
Sand was obtained on the premises, and the
first castings were couplings used in connecting
lightning rods. Soon he went into the making
and finishing of brass goods. A foot lathe
was purchased, and the manufacture of brass
engine trimmings begun. A few months later
a room with power was rented and early in
the next year a small three-story frame building
was rented and equipped for power with a six-
horse power portable engine. Another year
and jobbing in wrought-iron pipe and fittings
and steam warming work was taken up. Civil
war demands created an enormous call from
the Government for all sorts of materials.
The brass plant was enlarged for the purpose
le a highly specialized industry like the valve
October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 277
eenstRucTIVeIR UE RLING TON
ets Venetian Blinds Sliding Blinds
PRICE, TEN CENTS EACH, BY MAIL Screens and Screen Doors
ARTIFICIAL STONE. aps = of : ‘ ‘ g
tical value to thea ea ee ns arate IC oS ©) Highest Quality Surest Sellers Z
Scientific American Supplement 1500. Y
THE SHRINKAGE AND WARPING OF TIMBER By Any style of wood for any style of
Harold Busbridge. An excellent p:eseatation of modera views. :
fully illustrated. window.
Scientific American Supplement 1500.
CONSTRUCTION OF AN INDICATING OR RECORD- Backed by the endorsements of
ING TIN PLATE ANEROID BAROMETER. By N. lk thousands of satisfied custom-
Monroe Hopkins. Fully illustrated.
Scientific American Supplement 1500
DIRECT-VISION SPECTROSCOPES. By T H Blakesley,
M A. An admirably written. instructive and copiously illustrated
a‘ticie
Scientific American Supplement 1493.
HOME MADE DYNAMOS Scientific American Supplements Proved by actual use to be the
161 and 600 contain excellent articles witi full drawings. i 1
PLATING DYNAMOS Scientific American Supplements 720 Meas Caen aa ed
and 793 describe their construction so clearly tbat any amatet- can
make them
DYNAMO AND MOTOR COMBINED. Fally desenbei and For your own best interests and
illustrated in Scientific American Supplements 844 and 865. Thc a . your customers, send for Free
machines c2n be run eitheras dynamos o; motors ole .
RAG TRICAL MGTORS: 1 Their Construction ar Home. OT LSS AUSSI ri Booklet Catalogue, giving prices
cientific American Supplements 759, 761. 767, 641. and full particulars.
| ers. Made on honor. Sold on
merit and guaranteed to give
entire satisfaction.
WA
NX
Order through you~ newsdealer or from
Munn & Co., 361 Broadway. New York | BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 LAKE STREET, BURLINGTON, VT.
Write for
illustrated
booklet W free.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.,
Jersey City, N. J.
; F exe ae x iS a it.
F Weber & Co Engineers and RESIDENCE OF DR. H. B. JACOBS, NEWPORT, R. I.
+ + Draughtsmen’s Supplies MR. J. R. POPE, ARCHITECT.
ONE OF THE THOUSANDS OF HOMES REATED BY
Richardson & Boynton Co.
= HEATERS ==
Sole Agents for RIEFLER’S INSTRUMENTS, Ott’s Pantographs,
Drawing and Blue Print Papers, Drawing Boards, Tabies, Squares, Tri-
angles, Etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Transits, and Levels of Best Makes
Send for Illustrated Catalogue, Vol. III
1125 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore
Winter weather defied and homes
given a summer climate with these
powerful, economical Heating
Apparatus. @ Correspondence
respectfully solicited from parties
wanting to adopt the best methods
cf heating. 2 J oe oe
uaxe Concrete Building
eo; DIOCKS
Best, Fastest, Simplest, Cheapest
MACHINE
No crackage or breakage
No off-bearing
No expensive iron pallets
No cogs, gears, springs or levers
Mowe the Machine, Not the Blocks fh
THE PETTYJOHN CO. »
617 N. 6th Street, Terre Haute, Ind.
STEAM AND WATER BOILERS
WARM-AIR FURNACES
COOKING RANGES, ETC.
Richardson & Boynton Co.
BRISTOL’S :
Established 1837
RECORDING THERMOMETER. 13
aq Located within house. records on 234 WATER STREET, NEW YORK
Lyi, avweekly chart outside tempera-
ture. Also, Bristol's Recording 84 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO 51 PORTLAND STREET, BOSTON
Pressure Gauges, Volt, Ampere
and Watt Meters. Over 100 differ-
ent varieties, and guaranteed.
Send for catalogue.
THE BRISTOL CO.,Waterbury, Conn.
278 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905
THE MAN
WHO LOOKS AHEAD
never thinks of using any other than
cys
——
€ MARK REN?
PITTSBURGH
“APOLLO BEST BLOOM”
Galvanized Sheets
Experience has taught him that paying a little more for
the material is a sight better than paying a great deal more
for repairs.
Apollo Sheets give him everlasting service; they are
impervious to the actions of the elements, proof against
fire—and in applying are found always true to gauge, tough,
pliable and easy to work.
Learn all you can about Galvanized Sheets before you
make a final choice. When you find how superior ‘‘Apollo
Best Bloom ”’ Sheets really are, you too, will realize that they
are the best adapted to your purpose. Look for the red
stencil on every sheet.
AMERICAN
SHEET ¢&® TIN PLATE
COMPANY,
FRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
*““BALL-BEARINC”’
Gland Raplis
ALL-STEEL
UAoH
PULLEYS
Are sold Direct to Build=
ers, Contractors and Mills
at prices under the com-
mon, ordinary goods.
ff you make ten or ten thousand window frames, we can save you money
and give you a superior sash pulley. We are the largest sash pulley makers in
the world. We ship direct, or through dealers and jobbers everywhere.
Write for catalogue and free samples and prices on half-gross, gross, barrel
or any quantity. Direct from the makers to you. Inquiries welcome.
GRAND RAPIDS HARDWARE CO.
17 PEARL STREET, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.
PATENT
PENDING
of manufacturing brass globe valves, check
valves, steam and gas cocks. An iron foundry
was started, and in a small way the building
of machinery and the making of a few articles
belonging to the steam fitting line was under-
taken. About this time a small butt-weld
pipe mill, the first mill west of Pittsburg, was
built on ground where the company still has
a pipe mill, and where the present brass de-
partment is located the first malleable iron
foundry outside of the Eastern States was
started. “This foundry was on the second
floor, and it is claimed to be the first instance
of a foundry being placed above the ground
floor. ‘The fitting industry was then in its
infancy in this country. Most of the fittings
used were wrought iron and imported from
England. About this time the three-way tap-
ping machine was invented. “Iwo, with origi-
nal improvements, were built by the Crane
Company and installed in its shops. In con-
nection with the fitting business the company
early took up the manufacture of dies and die
plates. In 1865 the business was incorporated.
In 1870 another building was erected, and in
1881 another pipe mill, near railroad facilities.
One lap-weld and two butt-weld furnaces
were added. In this mill Siemen’s Gas Fur-
nace was employed in the manufacture of lap-
weld pipe. Some years later its machinery
was transferred to Pittsburg. “The mill was
then rebuilt, and the malleable iron and gray
iron fitting departments were moved to it, leav-
ing larger space in the old building for the
brass shop. Although the company was con-
centrating upon the manufacture of valves and
fittings, the continued growth of the business
demanded extensive additions from 1891 to
1903, and in the latter year a five-story modern
office building was finished. In 1857 it en-
tered the steam warming field, manufactured
at different times heating coils, wrought-iron
pipe radiators, cast-iron radiators and ventila-
ting fans. Believing it was not fair to compete
with the trade to which it was selling, it re-
tired in 1874 from the steam warming contract
business. Elevators were made by the firm as
early as 1867, and the business grew so rapidly
that it soon crowded other work out of the
machine shop. In 1870 passenger elevators
were commenced. In 1886 this part of the
business was incorporated as the Crane Ele-
vator Company, and given a complete plant by
itself. Ten different types of elevators were
introduced. In 1895, with a view to con-
centrating on the valve and fitting business,
the Crane Elevator Company was sold. The
growing demand for air-brake parts led to their
manufacture, and in 1891 a full line was car-
ried, and the company, at the Columbian Ex-
position, exhibited a complete air-brake equip-
ment. General business was developing so
rapidly, however, that the air-brake parts,
being a distinct line in itself, was abandoned.
In 1865 it manufactured pulleys, shafting,
steam engines and steam pumps. A Corliss
engine was built and installed in 1870, and has
been in service until the present time. “The
company, after the great fire, put several
pumps along the river and forced water
through the city mains. At present machinery
is not manufactured for sale, but there are a
machine designing department and a machine
shop in which special machinery is built that is
needed in the business. “This great company
has, from its inception, constantly added to
the varieties and sizes of the products made.
Some of the important classes of goods put
on the market in more recent years have been
stationary, marine and locomotive pop safety
valves, drainage fittings, Ferro steel flanged
fittings and valves, ammonia fittings, steam
traps, steam and oil separators, malleable and
Ferro steel companion flanges, electrically and
hydraulically operated, and steam actuated
October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 279
peety strong Reasons
Make NATURO Seats
The International Studis
ESSENTIAL TO THE WELL-BEING OF it a a
SENSIBLE PEOPLE | Gone «=8=9THE ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE
—
THE FIRST IMPROVEMENT IN 1,000 YEARS DP PINE BNO Bie ANE) Ls
IN THIS VITAL APPLIANCE
ae
The NATURO Bowl, by reason of its N Ay AM 50 Cents Per Month $5.00 Per Year
height and shape (lower at rear than in OM S
front, and lower at its highest point Nodal Ulan @ The International Studio,
than is eS ordinary coe ee a it * aye while treating of every Art and
aes eee me deme Oni ae we Wicd Craft, Architecture, Interior
bility of which condition is so self-evident
that argument can hardly emphasize it. :
The NATUR Seat provides a seat ing, Sculpture, Painting, Ceramics, Metal, Furniture,
more comfortable by far than that now |{ Glass, Design, Fabrics, Bookbinding, Lithography,
commonly used, and is also hygienically Enamel, Jewelry, etc., gives especial attention to the
perfect. | subjects of interest to those who live in houses or
build them.
@ Everything to do with the House as an artistic problem,
both in exterior and interior aspects, is put before the
reader in its best and latest development.
Decoration, Landscape Garden-
NATUR costs no more than the
1,000-year-old style.
Why not have the kind nature demands?
Have you given the attention to this
most important question that its bear-
ing upon your good health requires>
Send for our booklet going fully into the
reasons why NATURO should be
in your home.
Ask your plumber about NATURO
He probably has one in his showroom.
Send us his name and address if he
cannot show it.
THE NATURO COMPANY, nee*tiey || John Lane Company, New York
Cc. H. MUCKENHIRN, Presivpentr
@ Color plates suitable for framing, and upwards of 100
Black and White Illustrations in every variety of repro-
ductive process in every number.
SEND 25 CENTS FOR SAMPLE COPY
@ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and
are decorating and furnishing them with greater care
and in better taste than ever before.
@ The most potent single influence working for higher
standards in architecture and decoration 1s
The Architectural Record
@ If you are interested in building a building of any sort,
you will be interested in The Architectural Record.
Send for a sample copy—free
THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY
14-16 Vesey Street, New York
280 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS: October, 1905
A SECTION AT A TIME
JUST AS YOU NEED THEM
A SECTION BOUGHT TO-DAY FITS A
SECTION BOUGHT FIVE YEARS HENCE
Our Steelsects, or sectional cases, are interchangeable. You
can have them every section complete or in combination. Check
files, letter files, document files, safety deposit boxes, roller
shelving, blank files, etc.
Write for our Catalogue 30 S
BERGER’S
Steel Sectional Cabinets
are adapted to every kind of office, the lawyer, the doctor, the
manufacturer, the business man, and all professional use. We
also make special equipment to order. Ask for our steel equip-
ment catalogue. We also make steel ceilings and other sheet
metal architectural work.
THE BERGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY
CANTON, O.
BOSTON PHILADELPHIA LOUIS J
Ug “Ant-Plubius”
or S ky lig ht
Absolutely and permanently impervious against
rain, snow, sleet or dust, without putty or
cement.
Bridge arrangement for walking on the sky-
light without coming in contact with or danger
of breaking glass.
ml
i(t
Ht
i
if
A—Steel Supporting Bar F—Copper Sheet Cap
B—Malleable Iron Bridge G—Coil Galv. Brass Spring M h (CG D ud
anufactured | C
C—Filat Iron H—Galvanized Brass Stud and e€ e rouve O.
Bridgeport, Connecticut
D—Felt J—Bridge (for walking on Erected b
E—Glass skylight) y
oat
Also Manufacturers and Erectors of
The Lovell Window Operating Device
The only device on the market that will, if desired,
operate a line of sash 500 ft. long
MANTELS
@ Our line embraces
everything needed
for the fireplace, and
our Mantels range in
price from $2.65 up.
Catalogue free.
RR
THE GEO. W. CLARK CO.
91 Dearborn St., Cnicago, II.
306 Main St., Jacksonville, Fla.
(Factory: Knoxville, Tenn.)
valves, and a complete line of flat band fittings.
In addition, the company is prepared to turn
out complete piping equipments for power
plants, and has facilities for bending and
threading all sizes of pipe, and screwing, weld-
ing or rolling flanges on these sizes. In out-
put entirety the company manufactures in
excess of ten thousand articles for use in con-
nection with steam, water, gas or air. About
twenty-six branches have been established, all
except New York carrying complete stocks of
plumbing supplies. The Chicago sales de-
partment, conducted in connection with the
general offices in that city, does not handle
plumbing material. “The great and practical
genius at the head of this company lays great
stress on the value of manual training in the
grade schools. In September, 1892, Mr.
Crane equipped a manual training room in 4
Chicago school, and has furnished means for
making possible manual training in the lower
grades. “This year he has provided twenty-
four scholarships, of three hundred dollars each
per year, and funds for five more grade schools.
It is no extravagant arithmetic to claim that
the industrial figures shown in this notice are
unsurpassed in their line in the world. ‘The
commanding position of the industry encour-
ages it to take no neutral ground. ‘The per-
sistence in such legends as, ‘“‘ The time is not
ripe,’ or, ‘‘ That trade conditions are un-
openable,” was never a weakness with this
firm in its splendid run of fifty years of enter-
prise and thrift.
Sheet Metal Tile
STUDY of the current research in the
A field of architecture shows that there
is warrant and justification for the
stricter attention now given to roofs. ‘That it
is possible in many cases to make this area the
shining mark of a building should not be, un-
less durability is made an indispensable con-
dition of its success. But signs are not want-
ing to show that fashion does not always favor
fine looking material at the expense of wear
and tear, nor is it to be lost sight of that the
maximum of production of poor stuff has
passed with the advent of recent improvements.
Let us take, for instance, the art and quality
of metal tile roofing, as demonstrated in
Spanish and Mission designs now adopted on
a wide range of structures, counting from the
almost unpretentious to the most important.
A step farther leads us to notice that an
enviable share of this advance is due to the
artistic, ornamental and stanch products of
a Western firm, the W. H. Mullins Company,
of Salem, Ohio. The designers at this extensive
plant, realizing that the exquisite curves and
lines, heights and valleys, and resultant lights
and shades of the ancient roofing tile give the
effects desired for a perfect roof through sheet
metal tire, have worked for the retention of
all the old points of beauty and made the im-
provements needed by overcoming its numer-
ous mechanical defects. Almost from the in-
troduction of the sloping roof in architecture
terra cotta roofing tile has been used, and as an
artistic and effective material has never been
surpassed, and where climatic changes are not
as serious as in the United States will likely
never be equaled. But here, where the dif-
ferences of temperature and moisture are so
extreme and sudden, and the expansion and
contraction of all building materials are so
difficult to counteract, its all-round success is,
and will be limited. The introduction of
metal into means for preserving the attractive-
ness of a material not quite agreeable to the
exposures of our weather influences is valuable
from the point of view that the beauty of an
October, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
281
Ceilings fall because the clinches of the heavy
coat of plaster break and there is no adhesion
with the lath.
Sackett Plaster Board construction can’t fall
because the weight is far less, and the plaster
unites with the boards, which in turn are nailed
to the studding.
Sackett Plaster Boards have been used through-
out million dollar buildings and thousand dollar
cottages. Their quick-drying, fire-resistant, sound-
proof qualities are desirable anywhere.
SEND FOR FREE SAMPLE AND BOOKLET.
SACKETT WALL BOARD CO., 17 Battery PI., N.Y.
GRAND RAPIDS PLASTER CO., Grand Rapids, Mich.
BRANCHES:
New York,
Stationaries, Portables, Hoisters, Pumpers, Sawing and
Boat Outfits, Combined with Dynamos.
Gasoline, Gas, Kerosene.
Send for Catalogue.
State Power Needs.
CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO, BOX 69. STERLING. ILL.
read ‘‘House Hints,”
Before you buy, telling how to distin-
guish advantages and
: Our catalog will show you exactly how to plana library, so that from its foundation
until its completion, it will possess the beauty of symmetrical proportions and always
reflect good taste and refinement.
It also explains certain technical points of construction, the different styles of finish, and
other exclusive features that materially influence careful buyers to select the Globe-Wernicke
“Elastic” Bookcase — the only one equipped with a non-binding door equalizer.
Name of authorized agent in your city mailed on request for catalog. Where not represented
we ship on approval, freight paid. Uniform prices everywhere.
Chicago, Boston
=
Write for catalog N 104.
She Globe“Wernicke Co...Cincinnati
AGENCIES
In about one
thousand cities
T.A.BRooKseCo.cicvetAX20- a
detect shortcomings in loca-
build, or rent tion, construction, appoint-
ments, etc. A hundred dol-
lars’ worth of information, sent postpaid, for 25c.
See FLOORSSIDEWALK LIGHTS.
SOF EVERY \DESCRIPTION.
HOUSE HINTS PUBLISHING CO., Dept. ‘*C,”’ Philadelphia
SEND fORCATALOGUE.
**What I Have Done in
Ten Years
The Story of My Wonderful
Success.”’
I hope every reader of American Homes and Gardens will write me.
book, entitled “* Ten Years ’’—** The Story of My Wonderful Success.’’
of the greatest and most promising investment opportunities ever offered. I believe I have the best proposition
from an investor’s standpoint that could be placed before you. My book tells all about the success I have met
with during my ten years of business life, and about its exceptional future possibilities. My success has been
unprecedented. I started business in the city of Brooklyn in 1896. My capital amounted to less than $25.00.
My first year’s business netted me over $1,000. Last year I paid dividends to my partners of 15%. Five
years ago my business had grown so large that 1 was compelled to remove to larger quarters. I am now at 63
and 65 Clark Street, Brooklyn, in connection with the Hotel St. George. I have to-day what experts have
pronounced the best-appointed institution of its kind in the country. I estimate the equipment of the Mac
Levy Institute of Physical Culture to be worth at least $40,000. The Mac Levy Co. own free and clear its
equipment. It also controls valuable patents—such as the Mac Levy Steel Bar System, famous all over the
country, and the Mac Levy Trolley System, for quick and safe instruction in swimming. The local bus ness
done by the Mac Levy Institute of Physical Culture is very large. Especially at this time of the year when
the swimming season is just opening. Last year I operated three different places teaching swimming. One at
Arverne-by-the-Sea, L. I., another at Steeplechase Park, Coney Island. and at our Brooklyn Institute. This,
you understand, was in addition to my Mail Order Department and regular Physical Culture business. I have
long thought that there are thousands of people in moderate circumstances who would like to invest a few
dollars in an institution of this kind. At last I decided to offer a block of the treasury stock of this company
to the public at its par value. I have good reasons for coming to this decision. I wish to put into operation
extensive plans for extending the business of the Mac Levy Institute of Physical Culture and the Mac Levy
Gymnasium Equipment Co. I also wish to erect a building that will enable me to meet adequately the grow-
ing demands of my business. If you are of a speculative mind, I do not want you as a partner. Wall Street
is the place for you—where thousands of dollars are lost in mining and oil stocks. If you have a few dolla.s
that you want to invest where it will earn more for you than the 3 or 4% which savings banks pay their
I would like to send you my free
It has something to say about one
depositors, I want you to read my book. I want you as a partner in this great institution. Do not let
your money stand idle earning only 3 or 4% which the savings banks pay their depositors. Put it to work.
Join it with mine. I believe that within a year this company will pay dividends of at least 20%. Let me send
you this book. Itis absolutely free. Write for it to-day. Now.
MAS | E V y PRESIDENT MAC LEVY CO., Ince,
Dept. 2. 63-65 Clark Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Elastic
Heating
MERICAN x [DEAL
may at any time be
easily and quickly
changed in size should
room or building be
altered in size (65% of
«ll buildings are re-
modeled). Unlike stoves
and hot air furnaces,
they make a building
investment which never plays out—can always be
adapted to meet any change in heating requirements.
As IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators do not rust or corrode, they
will outlast the building. Outfit soon pays for itself in keeping down coal bill.
Fix your fire not oftener than once each night and morning. Now simply put in
OLD or new buildings —/arm or city — piping is concealed and radiation placed
in out of the way positions.
IDEAL Boilers are made in all sizes, for any building.
AMERICAN Radiators are made in all sizes, shapes and 36
patterns—no place for dust to lodge — invisible legs for car-
peted floors—plate warmers for dining rooms—narrow shapes
for halls and bathrooms —smooth, washable radiators for
kitchens, nursery, etc.— big radiators for storm vestibules,
outer hallways, and along exposed walls. You will need our
catalogue to choose from. Mailed free. Those who remem-
ber last Winter’s cold, write us today—vzow, before winter, not
then, when it’s here.
Our goods are warehoused in all parts of the United States.
AMERICAN RADIATOR (OMPANY IDEAL Boilers are
made in 126 sizes,
for all kinds of fuel.
Dept. 6 CHICAGO
282 AMERICAN’ HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905
ARTISTIC HOMES
ARTISTIC
HOMES
A DOLLAR BOOK
OF MODERATE COST
HOUSE DESIGNS.
Printed on the best of
paper in
Edition de Luxe.
Any one intending to
build shou!d purchase
this new cdition of
If you ever intend
to build, send for the AR TISTIC
above $1.00 book to-day. HOMES
HIGH-CLASS ARCHITECTURAL WORK.
HERBERT ©. CHIVERS
127-7th STREET CONSULTING ST. LOUIS
ARCHITECT
DOOOOOOODOOOOOOOOOOOD
What a good Mantel
for DEN, Library,
or where old Mission
style 18 wanted.
q Simple but effective.
Rough surface tile,
6x12 inches. Best in
dull finish green.
If you don't like
this, we have others.
The Halen
[}
OSS 55
No. 21. 5 it. high; 5 ft. 6 in. wide Faience Co:
ARCHITECTURAL - FAIENCE TILE
FAIENCE & MANTELS HARTFORD, CONN.
art so undeniably cast in the mold of grace is
not to become lost. Mechanical genius gives
the practical substitute. The faultless rhythm
and unity of plan standing out in varied and
appropriate tints of Spanish tile, to be dupli-
cated in appearance and improved by material,
is an achievement that earns the praise of any
one at sight, Numerous examples of the work
may be seen in the fine catalogue easily pro-
curable from the Salem office. Among these
we mention the splendid results on the Rip
Van Winkle, at Buzzard’s Bay, Mass.; the
Public Library, South Bend, Ind.; the Smed-
ley Library, Redlands, Cal.; the Corcoran Art
Gallery, Washington, D. C.; the Public
Library, Boston, Mass., and the Library of
Congress, Washington, D. C. Many other
structures, including fine residences, large
commercial buildings, court houses, stations,
hotels, schools and office edifices, illustrate
the scope of the roof work reached in the
employment of sheet metal tile and its acces-
sories. The display of designs by the art of
the half-tone is calculated in this large scaled
book to give a perfect duplicate of each. De-
tails like tile starting plate, valley pieces under
eaves, ridge cresting, eave courses, hip mold-
ings, finials, terminals, gable rolls, enriched
ribs, etc., are displayed so clearly that a perfect
conception of the patterns, whether marked by
relative plainness or extreme depth and bold-
ness, is realized. Many technical points are
given in construction and fastening, exposure
sizes, adjustment of hips, terminals, rolls, ribs,
on expansion, contraction, etc. “The Mullins
Patent Metallic Roofing Tile is stamped in
large sheets, containing from ten to twenty em-
bossed tile in each sheet, thereby reducing the
number of joints around the tile and the conse-
quent liability of leakage. This enables a
roofer to apply it very rapidly and cheaply, as,
instead of handling about two hundred pieces
to a square roofing, as in the case of some other
metal and all terra cotta tile, it is only nec-
essary to deal with from eight to sixteen pieces
in laying a square of the Salem tile. This
alone recommends it to the practical roofer.
In using the tile roofing an advantage to the
architect is the fact that no special roof fram-
ing is necessary, as is the case with roofings
of heavy materials. The weight of the roofing
under notice is about one-sixth of that of terra
cotta, thereby admitting of the lightest possible
roof framing, and permitting its use on almost
any roof where shingles, iron or tin could be
employed. The beautiful dark bronze color
assumed by copper on exposure to the weather,
its remarkable durability, and the fact that it
can now be furnished at a very reasonable cost,
make it a most desirable material for use in
the many different styles of patent tile roof-
ing. ‘To meet various contingencies of trade,
etc., however, the company will make Alcazar
and Spanish Tile Roofing in zinc and galvan-
ized steel, but none of its other designs in any-
thing but copper and zinc. All the different
styles of roofing can be furnished, made to fit
any particular tower, cone or bell-shaped roof,
and for such roofs, other than square or
octagon towers, all tiles are graduated. A
little acquaintance with the method of con-
struction and application of the patent Spanish
tile roof proves it to be exceedingly simple and
secure. It is absolutely storm and water
tight, and as expansion and contraction are
provided for, is guaranteed, when applied ac-
cording to directions, to remain perfect and
secure for years. The same construction is
used in fastening ‘‘ American,” “ Columbian,”
“ Newport,” “Saratoga,” “Atlantic” and
“ Buzzard’s Bay” designs of Mullin’s tile.
The firm also manufactures other architectural
sheet metal work, statuary, stamped steel row-
boats and launches.
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‘Standard’ J
PORCELAIN ENAMELED (
> Baths & One-Piece
Lavatories
Is Your Bathtub
Haven’t you some one in your family who
cannot afford to fall? Old people, rheu-
= matic people, weak people, heavy people,
acs s and most married women would be thank-
; "Stan dard’ ; fy ful for a first-class bath mat —a mat which
does not slip, and yet is comfortable.
ixtures are necessary to the modern
home because the rapid develop- |)\ The Cantslip Bath Mat
m ment of ideal home-making is f\’} ;
A founded on health: and “stcetscd makes any tub — no matter how slippery—
Baths and One-Piece Lavatories Py ee ane . so coms that we tee
‘are conducive of good health, |\ Tote cah ded erate
Ye OF. BO , tub. It is soft and grateful to the tenderest
fas they are sanitarily perfect. }Y skin — like cloth, but with the germ-proof
They have the smoothness quality of pure white rubber.
and snowy purity of china [\; ee 3
and the strength of iron. be Made in six lengths and two widths.
| Their surface is non-porous |) The average tub takes a 36x15 inch mat;
and there are no cracks and fw ba at yout eas Ss - 00. For some
crevices in which dirt or |! aE ere, Se eae lower "co
RENO aa Gis sirable; price, $2.00.
germs may lodge.
< fo tg aoe eae eee If you find any difficulty in getting mat
or grip, write us direct, and goods will be
forwarded anywhere east of Omaha at
prices named.
“@tandatd” cast on the
are on the fixture it is not ptandard: v
' ferior and will cost you more in the end. ~
Standard Sanitary Wig. Co. Dept. 23 PITTSBURGH, U. “VW || TheCantslip Bathtub Appliance Co.
ices and Showrooms in New York: “Steward” Building, 35- ‘est 3 ay ea ik
London, England, 22 Holborn Viaduct, E.C, Boe eT 56-58 Pine Street, New York
OW is the time to fix
these facts on your mind:
The Peck - Williamson
Under feed Furnace will -per-
fectly heat your honie at 4 to %
y of your present cost for fuel —it
will save half the labor —it will UN.
do away with a// furnace troubles. FURNACE Stone High-
But what actual users say counts more than any ~ Blind Gade
printed promises of ours. Read, then, this letter dated July 1, 1905, from Co. Vionoesed
Mr. E. H. Hooper, Cumberland Mills, Maine. There’s the force of fact in it. Door
“You installed a Peck-Williamson Underfeed Furnace in my home Phoenix’
during the severest cold weather last winter. You have more than N. Y.
made good every claim. For convenience, economy, cleanliness,
pure, healthful, clean heat, you make no boast when you call it the
Jamous Underfeed furnace. Iam so well satisfied it would give me
pleasure to show any one my furnace and you can at all times refer
any one to me.”
The Underfeed burns “‘ right side up ’»—good results from cheapest coal.
No bother, smoke or smell.
Heating plans and service of our engineering department, abso-
lutely free. Let us send you FREE our Uzxderfeed Book and face
simile voluntary letters proving every claim we make.
THE PECH-WILLIAMSON CO.
376 West Fifth St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
Dealers are invited to write for our very attractive proposition,
—S———_ —F
SS
AMERICAN
CONTENTS FOR NOVEMBER# 1905
PAGE
A SCENE IN THE ROCK GARDEN OF MR. SPENCER TRASK’S COUNTRY SEAT AT SARATOGA,
New YoRK
THE GARDEN FRONT AND TERRACE—Home of Murry Guggenheim, Esq. .............. 292
MONTHLY COMMENT
NoTABLE AMERICAN Homes—The Summer Home of Murry Guggenheim, Esq., Holly-
wood, New Jersey By Barr Ferree 295
Tue END oF THE HOME 303
[REgEsS HUDIOLOK 4 OLUNM@E a. CUNIEDRE MES Orie yan: iy snes oN ech oe acca wine eat) ales a,6d Hate ne eeae a 304
“THe NEEDLES,” the Country House of Mrs. B. P. Cheney 306
GLASS FOR BUILDING AND PAVING 309
‘““CRAIGSTON,” the House of T. C. Hollander, Esq. 310
SRrEEeLLOUSE Obs DAINMET arin GUNINAN I SOn os Sai. es codes wintend when Bea abe Sn ow er enye, oe eo 315
Hextps To HoME BUILDING: Color 318
THE TRANSPLANTING OF GROWING TREES 319
SCIENCE FOR THE HoME: The Dangers of Illuminating Gas 322
THE FATTENING OF FOWLS IN FRANCE By Jacques Boyer 323
A GrouP oF FiRE [Rons IN DREAMWOLD By Durand Nichols 327
UTILIZING THE CELLAR IN WINTER By George Ethelbert Walsh 328
THE CULTIVATION OF THE MOREL By Jacques Boyer 330
Tue HovusEenHo tp: The Man as Housekeeper
Civic BETTERMENT: The Meaning of Civic Betterment—Road Improvement
THe GARDEN: The Garden Month by Month ( November)—The Window Garden
THE OBSERVER’S NoTeE-Book: Litter in the Parks and Streets
The City and the Country. Publishers’ Department.
Fifty Suggestions for the House. New Building Patents.
New Books.
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, 1905. Price, 25 cents. $3.00 a year.
Combined Rate for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and AMERICAN HOMES AND
GARDENS, $5.00 per year. Rate of Subscription et AMERICAN HOMES AND
GARDENS to foreign countries, $4.00 a year. :: :: :: oo: Published Monthly by
MUNN & COMPANY, Office of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, 361 Broadway, New York.
[Copyright, 1905, by Munn & Company. Entered us second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.]
NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he
cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be enclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy.
N= Series of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BUILDING MONTHLY. Established in 1885.
Aasiof MeN ‘poomATopy “bs ‘wrayuessnry ALIN] jO awWoTy JowwNg 9y 7],
99RII9T pue quod J uopler) eu L
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The Lake from the Terrace
The Summer Home of Murry Guggenheim, Esq., Hollywood, New Jersey
294
Monthly
NE of the popular magazines recently
printed a story concerned with the marital
relations of a certain couple who had a town
house for the winter and a country house
for the summer. The tale opens on a very
hot day, and the man realizes it was going
to Re eroCranly hot riding the rail for a whole hour to his
suburban home; he detested the place anyway, we are told,
and so on, with many ungrateful thoughts of his fine country
house. The writer of the story is a woman, and no doubt
she thought she had touched a particularly masculine note
when she got in her fine work anent the man’s dislike of com-
muting. It is possible that commuting has its drawbacks,
it is possible that many men dislike it, it is possible that many
men fail to see the charm that is inherent in a well-kept-up
handsome country estate; but all such notions show a total
lack of appreciation of some of the most agreeable things in
life. They indicate a total lack of real interest in one’s
place of abode, without which the most splendid home must
pall on one; and they show, further, a singular sense of dis-
proportion. A rightly maintained summer place is a true joy
and delight; it can not possibly be had within near-by city
limits, and an hour’s trip in the train daily is none too far
to travel in order to reach it. The gentleman around whom
this tale centers may represent a considerable class of the
well-to-do community, and if so there are certainly many per-
sons who need to learn what a home is and how to enjoy it.
PHILADELPHIA has interrupted its efforts to purify its
politics for a public rejoicement over its proud supremacy as
the great “city of homes” of the United States. The
distinction is, indeed, a notable one. A local census has dis-
closed the fact that Philadelphia now has 282,117 dwellings.
Before this stupendous figure the further fact that the city
has also 6,703 store properties, 805 churches, 297 public
school properties, 5,433 manufacturing plants and 135
buildings for the manufacture of malt and spirituous liquors,
is of comparatively slight importance. The real significance
of this great total is, however, chiefly apparent from a com-
parison with other communities. On a basis of a population
of 1,400,000, Philadelphia has an average of five persons
to a dwelling. In New York the proportion is estimated as
20 to a dwelling, in Chicago as 9, in Boston as 8.4, in Fall
River as 11. It is a unique distinction and a remarkable
result. It brings out afresh the inherent home-loving quality
of the Philadelphia citizen. Within the last year 6,848 new
homes have been built in Philadelphia, at a total cost of
$16,000,000. All these figures are stupendous, and it is
not strange that Philadelphia is delighted with its home
achievements.
Tuart the last few years have seen an increase, and a
decided increase, in the cost of building materials, is a matter
of common knowledge. It is a movement that has occa-
sioned much alarm, for the upward tendency has been so
marked as to seem general; and while this is not literally
so, it has extended to so many materials that the contention
need not be questioned in a practical discussion. The build-
ing and loan associations, in convention assembled, solemnly
agreed to petition the Congress of the United States for a
reduction or repeal of the tariff on building materials. The
New York Sun very quickly rose to point out that the in-
crease to which this convention objected was not caused by.
any relation of the tariff to the matter or by anything else
than the increased wages which are now paid to workers in
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
November, 1905
Comment
building materials the country over. The argument is
beautiful in its simplicity. The most frequently used ma-
terials in house construction are wood, iron (or steel),
brick or stone. Not one of these, remarks the Sun, has value
in its original state; but they do have value when subjected to
treatment by human labor. If, therefore, these articles
have increased in price, the reason lies, not in the operation
of the tariff, but in the increased cost of the labor put upon
them. It was quite to be expected, after this brilliant
analysis, that the Sun should calmly request those agitating
for lower prices for building materials to begin by reducing
their own wages as the only remedy.
THE agitation for childless flats continues to be one of the
popular topics of the day as well as one of the most volumi-
nous, although out of the great mass of words that it has
produced there has been little developed of real value, and
certainly very little which helps toward improving the situa-
tion in any respect. Landlords continue to not want children;
families with children continue to find it difficult to obtain
flats. Both parties are at a standstill and a deadlock, and
neither moves an inch. It may, however, be pertinent to in-
quire if the objection to children has not some real foundation
to its intensity. The prevalence of any tradition is regarded,
by most historical writers, as affording some grounds for its
actuality. ‘The prejudice against children in flats is as wide-
spread as the building of tenements and apartment houses.
It is neither charitable nor reasonable to assume that every
landlord and every agent is a human monster, intent upon
depriving little children of homes simply because they are
children. Suppose the children themselves are considered,
and some explanation sought in them. One need not be
a sociological expert to be aware that many children are
utterly untrained, that they generate an amount of noise in
direct disproportion to their size, that they seldom know how
to behave, that they are rarely watched, corrected and
guarded by their parents, that they sum up, embody and
personify many acute discomforts. It is true that most of
these matters only become urgent after the child is able to
go around by itself, and the objection to children by the
landlords is quite as marked against very young ones which
can not be disciplined as toward those of older growth who
might be subjected to training. The explanation may not be
a complete one, but it at least raises the hope that with better
training of children there may come a more tolerant regard
for them. Even good behaved children are not as interes-
ting to other parents as to their own. It seems singular that
so patent a fact should not be more widely recognized.
Or the ways of wasting time there is hardly a limit. Many
consider it a noble thing to do, and as they might be engaged
in mischief instead of simply doing nothing there may be
some value to the contention. No organization for the
promotion of time-wasting has yet been started, but it will
not lack for membership should it once be seriously proposed.
All time spent in doing nothing is not wasted, but any time
spent in a foolish, unnecessary waste is time lost forever and
completely to the individual and to the community. A case
in point is the time spent in watching building operations,
the removal of a safe, or other work of like nature. One
may learn a good deal from watching the construction of a
building, but the idle men and boys who surround such work,
head turned up, mouth agape, hand in pocket, vacancy
in brain—these people gain nothing. They have simply
time on their hands, and they use it up in any way.
November, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
Notable American Homes
By Barr Ferree
The Summer Home of Murry Guggenheim, Esq., Hollywood, New Jersey
HE charming country which surrounds the
neighborhood of Long Branch has long
been a favorite site for the building of sum-
mer cottages. The older type is a familiar
one, and may briefly be described as a
wooden structure having infinite variety in
shape and in direction. In other words, a building that
sprawled on land and attitudinized toward the sky. Very
wonderful and strange many of these older cottages are,
quite unlike buildings of any other sort, and exhibiting some
of the strangest vagaries to which the art of building in
America has given manifestation.
But a change is passing over this summer architecture by
the sea; perhaps it already has passed and the change be
permanent. The stupendous pace set by Newport in this
matter could not be without effect, and the time must soon
be close at hand when other famous watering places will
boast their great palaces, and the sumptuous mansion, which
is perhaps regarded as typical of the country, become the
typical home of the seashore. Moreover, the older houses,
with their strange grotesqueness of inherent oddity, were too
absurd to find favor in a period more appreciative of archi-
tecture, such as we may hope our own to be, and thus the
reaction was bound to come, and buildings of a wholly new
class come to be typical of the great house of our seashore
resorts.
How far Mr. Murry Gugger.heim’s beautiful home at
Hollywood, N. J., may serve as an example in this respect
it is too soon to say, since it was only finished in the spring of
the present year. It does not lack neighbors that might
have patterned after it, to their own great advantage and
that of the entire vicinity. But it would be unfair to extend
the comparison further, for no house within sight of it can
be compared with it for beauty or for splendor. It is a
house that in every way is justly entitled to be called
“ notable.”
The Terrace Porch
pnt inca ii i i aha aia
Hienidinpbiactrnca es
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
November, 1905
a5, GARDENS
November, 1905
The Studio of John P. Cuyler, Esq.
Princeton, New Jersey
NE of the most interesting types of the
modern combination house, ‘‘ house and
studio,’ is the one which is illustrated here-
with, and which was built for John P.
Cuyler, Esq., at Princeton, N. J. The house
is placed at an angle from the road in order
to obtain a direct north light for the studio, which occupies
the main part of the north side of the house.
It is constructed of stone, and the exterior is covered with
To the left of the entrance is the studio, of large dimen-
sions and rising up into the roof of the second story. It is
trimmed with pine and treated with a walnut stain with a
glazed finish. The walls have a wainscoting, above which
the walls, of rough cast, are treated with water colors in a
grayish-green tone with harmonious effect. A large open
fireplace built of brick, with the facings of the same, and a
large stone shelf, supported on brick corbel brackets, is quite
the feature of the room. ‘The stairway to the second
The House
stucco; the latter is given one good coat of government white-
wash, presenting a fine white stone, and is in excellent har-
mony with the gables, eaves and blinds, which are painted
a bottle-green. The roof is covered with shingles and treated
natural. The porch, which extends across the front of the
house, has octagon posts, painted white.
The entrance is into a vestibule hall, which is treated with
ivory-white paint, and has an open fireplace with red brick
facings and hearth, and a quaint little mantel of Colonial
style. Beyond this hall is the reception-room, which is
treated in a similar manner and furnished with a similar
fireplace.
story rises out of this room. The dining-room, which opens
from the studio, is also trimmed with pine and treated with
walnut in a glazed finish. It has a wainscoting and a wood
cornice. The kitchen and its dependencies are quite
complete.
The second floor is also trimmed with pine, and the whole
treated with ivory-white paint. The rooms are reached from
the staircase and the balcony, which extends along one side
of the studio on the level of the second floor. This floor
contains four bedrooms, nursery and a bathroom.
Messrs. Baker & Dallett, architects, 1420 Chestnut Street,
Philadelphia, Pa.
—— |
November, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 305
IMs
C=
10'X 12°
‘BED Fioom:
12X18
UPPER PART
e OF e
‘STUDIO: STUDIO
-REGEPTION- 22'X 50’
12’ 14"
‘BED Room:
7x1is'
SS
-KITCHEN:
12’x15'
‘NURSERY:
11'X17°
ey) -SECOND FLOOR:
The Studio of John P. Cuyler, Esq., Princeton, New Jersey
306
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
November, 1905
‘The Needles,’ the Country House of Mrs. B. P. Cheney
Peterboro, New Hampshire
HE NEEDLES,” the country house of Mrs.
B. P. (Cheney, at Peterboro, INNS Hie, 1s) de-
signed with great care and with a very close
study of its detailed parts. The under-
pinning, terrace walls and the stone piers
are built of Milford granite. ‘The terrace
floor is paved with brick laid in herring-bone pattern. ‘The
first story is covered with clapboards and painted a reddish
brown color, and the second story is covered with shingles of
red cedar, and treated natural with a buttermilk finish. The
trimmings are painted ivory-white. The roof is covered with
shingles and finished with red stain.
The entrance is under the front gable, which is in the
form of an overhang resting on Colonial columns. The
front door is of mahogany, on either side of which are
small windows glazed with leaded glass. The plans show a
central hall, which is trimmed with quartered oak. It has
a paneled wainscoting, wooden cornice and a staircase of
handsome design, with hand-cut balusters, newel and rail.
From the first landing of the staircase a small bay is thrown
out into the library, which is glazed with bull’s-eye glass,
and forms a very attractive feature.
The library is a handsome room, trimmed with quartered
oak. It has bookcases built in and a paneled wainscoting.
The ingle-nook contains an open fireplace built of brick, with
facings and hearth of Vert Mawrine marble, and a mantel
of handsome design. On either side of the fireplace are
paneled seats, over which are clusters of small windows
glazed with plate glass. The mullions are very small and
narrow, so as not to obstruct the view.
The dining-room is trimmed with quartered oak. It has a
paneled wainscoting to the height of seven feet, above which
the walls are covered with crimson burlap and the whole
finished with a wooden cornice. ‘The open fireplace has fac-
ings and a hearth of Siena marble, and a mantel handsomely
carved and provided with a paneled overmantel. The
kitchen, laundry, pantry and store closet are fitted with all the
best modern conveniences, and each are trimmed with rift
hard pine, oiled and varnished.
The second story is trimmed with pine and treated with
The House
November, 1905 AGE RIeAN SOMES AND GARDENS 397
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“The Needles’—Another View of the House
white enamel, and doors of mahogany. There are four bed-
rooms and two bathrooms, besides a store closet, maid’s
room and music-room on the extension over the kitchen.
Each room not connecting with a bathroom has a private
lavatory. The two bedrooms on the front have open fire-
places, with facings and a hearth of African Antique marble,
and mantels. The bathrooms are trimmed with mahogany.
FIRST FLOOR PLAN.
The third floor contains several guests’ rooms and ample
storage. A cemented cellar contains two furnaces, fuel
room, cold storage, etc. An annex near the house contains
a billiard-room, bachelor’s quarters and the servants’ bed-
rooms and bath.
Mr. John A. Fox, architect, 120 Tremont Street, Boston,
Mass.
CHAMBER N°Z
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
308 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1905
“The Needles”—The Library
November, 1905
I
CE Clie
at - 5
“The Needles’ —The Dining-Room
Glass for Building and Paving
HE manufacture of bricks of glass for build-
ing and paving purposes is one of the newest
of European industries. The bricks are
made by patented processes, and their use,
as yet, has been somewhat limited. The in-
dications are, however, that a new and im-
portant industry has been opened up, and a new material
obtained which is probably destined to have great usefulness.
The most notable results have been achieved under the
Garchey patents, in which an artificial stone is made from
glass.
It is manufactured in a variety of forms for paving
streets, sidewalks and gutters, and for the uses for which
porcelain and other tiles are employed, as tiling the walls
and floors of bathrooms, operating-rooms in hospitals, wait-
ing-rooms and staircases of railroad stations, etc. As the
stone has the chemical and physical qualities of glass it is not
readily attacked by chemical products, so that it can be used
in factories and laboratories where acids and other chemicals
are employed, and being impermeable to moisture can be
used in cellars and other places where there is much
humidity. The stone is also molded in ornamental forms
and can be made according to the drawings of architects and
interior designers for decorative purposes in drawing-rooms,
offices, etc. Owing to its cost, in comparison with other
materials, this stone has not yet been used in the construction
of buildings.
Tiles of the same material have also been used for walls
and floors. Owing to their extreme hardness these tiles
are not easy to cut, so it is difficult to place them in position
or to redress them when they are worn. ‘The smooth tiles
become slippery, but with those that are roughened satisfac-
tory results have been obtained. A\s these tiles can neither
be cut nor drilled, except with great difficulty, it is not easy
to hang pictures or advertisements. or the staircases it
has been found that the tiles become polished rapidly, which
makes them slippery when wet.
Up to the present time the paving, without having given
bad results, does not appear to be wearing as well as that
made of natural stone. It has been noticed that alongside
of the car tracks the paving shows signs of deterioration.
It is somewhat expensive to keep the streets in good repair.
The thinness of the bricks renders them fragile, and being
laid directly on a foundation of concrete they are more liable
to break, while their sonorousness is increased. It has been
suggested that, if the bricks were four inches thick and laid
like the natural stone blocks on a foundation of sand, they
would have given much better results. At the present time
the city of Paris has no intention of substituting artificial
paving blocks of glass for those made of natural stone.
310
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
November, 190 5
‘“Cyaigston, the House of IT. C. Hollander, Esq.
Wenham, Massachusetts
PLEASANT drive through a hilly country
and past many fine estates forms the ap-
proach to Mr. T. C. Hollander’s house, at
Wenham, Mass. It is placed on the sum-
mit of a high hill, which affords magnificent
outlooks for many miles around. Wonder-
ful views, indeed, can be had from every part of this house,
each hilltop bearing a notable estate or a rare old farmhouse
whose picturesque qualities have been heightened with age.
Most of the land immediately around Mr. Hollander’s
house has been left in its natural state, uncultivated so far
as modern art might change it, but still bearing a plentiful
foliage of native grass and wild flowers. A spacious ter-
ee EEOoEOEOEOEEOEOEeEee
race has been cleared before the house, and beautifully
planted with shrubs and flowers; a true garden spot set
among wild surroundings.
The house is a long, low, rambling structure, rough-cast,
with exposed timbers; very varied as to heights and roofs,
quite unsymmetrical in the disposition of its parts, yet full
of a character and charm that pervade and harmonize the
whole and render it a very interesting bit of design. It is,
in point of fact, a group of buildings homogeneously joined
together in a single structure, each part with a distinct pur-
pose and having an individual form. The residence portion
of the house occupies the center of the group. It is two
stories in height, with two baywindows as its leading feature;
“* Craigston”—The Entrance Front
wa me re oe
AND GARDENS 311
AMERICAN HOMES
November, 1905
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November, 1905 ANEE RWC AINe = EOmNvES AND GARDENS 313
“ Craigston”—The Music-Room
4
314
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It means that such paints are economical, and that the painter
is unaware of the fact.
FREE—Our Practical Pamphlets: "The Paint Question," "Paints in Architecture,"
"French Government Decrees," " Specifications for Architects,"
and "Paint: Why, How and When"
THE NEW JERSEY ZINC CO.
71 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
@ We do not grind in oil. Lists of manufacturers of high-grade zinc paints sent on request
THE CITY AND THE
COUNTRY.
GREAT feeling of unrest has seized
the city dwellers. For years they
have been regarded as the most for-
tunate of mortals. ‘The very word “city”
is filled with magic inspiration. It sums up,
in a sense, all the delights and all the re-
sources of civilization. Perhaps it does.
Cities are fine places. ‘They abound with fine
sights. “They are filled with fine people. They
contain everything that every one wants and
needs, and many things good folk do not want
and certainly do not require. ‘The cities have
retained their supremacy, and people have
rushed to them as veritable wells of treasure,
where money and pleasure, learning and suc-
cess, can be had almost for the asking, and cer-
tainly as rewards for residence within their
midst.
The cities were never so popular nor so
populous as to-day. More people live in them
than ever before. More people come to them
than ever came before. Never, in all history,
were so many people crowded together in one
place as in the great cities of to-day.
Yet their inhabitants are not satisfied.
Multitudinous as are the pleasures of the city,
they are no longer complete enough or ample
enough for all who would absorb them. It
has been discovered that the advantages of city
life are limited; that great and wonderful as
they are, they are not sufficient for every taste
nor for every mind. ‘Too many people have
settled down in the cities, and the hordes of
people whose mere enumeration make the
census takers stand aghast create discomfort,
add to expense and entail numberless unfore-
seen disadvantages.
The astounding discovery has been made
that there are spots upon the sun. ‘The envied
persons who have been residents of cities do
not welcome the newcomers as the latter
hoped they would be welcomed. ‘That the
cities have drained the rural regions has long
been manifest. This situation was tolerated
so long as no great inconvenience was ex-
perienced by any one; but the moment the
newcomers became so numerous that the older
residents were crowded, while the new ones
themselves found it difficult to obtain an abid-
ing place, a new condition arose which entirely
changed the aspect of city living and greatly
altered the general conception concerning the
advisability of living within these charmed
limits.
The pendulum has, therefore, swung back.
While vast crowds are still streaming into the
cities from all sides, other crowds, almost as
numerous in point of number, are swarming
out. Both streams represent people of every
conceivable means. Among the incomers are
men of huge wealth who will make the resi-
dent millionaires sit up in amazement at their
prodigal expenditures. Many there will be
also who, as many others before them, have
come to make their fortune, and rise to such
heights of fame as their own inherent merits
and personal opportunities may permit.
The crowds that go out are also persons of
varying means. Some are people of wealth
who have taken great homes in the country;
others are persons of moderate means who
think they will be better able to live on a cer-
tain income in the country than they could in
the city. Others, again, are unfortunate indi-
viduals who have tried the city and failed.
But the animating thought in all this great
company is the joy with which the country life
is welcomed. It is a strange and a new thing!
But a few years ago the tendency toward the
city was so pronounced that country life, with
all its manifold blessings and advantages, was
not thought of save by a few misguided souls
AMERICAN HOMES
November, 1905
AND GARDENS
337
F-6521.
ENAMELED IRON “CORONA” TUB, WITH BASE.
L. Wolff Manufactuting Gompany
MANUFACTURERS OF
PLUMBING GOODS
EXCLUSIVELY
General Office: %
93 West Lake Street.
Show Rooms:
91 Dearborn Street.
CHICAGO.
Take the pang
out of Winter
Be ready at the turn of a valve to
make June of January in cottage,
house, office, store, church, etc.
Those who remember last Win-
ter’s cold—and those who like to
begin the day right by rising, bath-
ing, dressing and breakfasting in
cozily warmed rooms—and those
who know what it means to have
warm corners and warm floors for
children’s play—and those who
know what cold, drafty hallways cost
them each winter in discomfort and
doctor’s calls—and everybody else
who lives in our Florida-to-Green-
land-in-twelve-hours climate —
should all know there is but one way
out—the only sure cure is an outfit of
ANERICAN [DEAL
RADIATORS BOILERS
They evenly warm ALL ofthe building. The fire
keeps all night. Outfit pays for itself in fuel and
labor savings. Absence of dust and ashes from the
living rooms also takes the ‘‘pang’’ out of house-
work. Easier to run than a stove.
IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators are
made in sizes to warm any building—OLD or new,
FARM or city. Put in without disturbing building
oroccupants. Need not connect to stréet water pipes.
Our outfit outwears the building—needs no repairs.
Can be changed in size if building is rebuilt. Makes
the property easierto rent or to sell. Your neigh-
bors will tell you of their satisfaction and fuel savy-
ings, but you will need our valuable book to choose
from. Mailed free to those who will tell us the size
and kind of building they wish to heat. IDEAL
Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators are warehoused
in all parts of America and Europe.
AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY
Dept. 6. CHICAGO.
Heating Talks
IV WHAT WILL IT COST?
That isn’t the question — Unhealthy
Heat isn’t cheap at any price.
SPRING NEEDLE
KELSEY Heat
Economical.
Tue Kersey WARM AIR GEN-
ERATOR is entirely and radically
different from all other Systems.
Kersey HEAT means Healthy
Heat because it means pure fresh
air, evenly warmed and distrib-
uted to every room and every part
of every room.
No hot or cold spots—no un-
sightly (and uncleanly) pipes or
tadiators—no coal dust or gas.
Only two ways to get Heat that
is really healthy—by means of an
Indirect Steam or Hot Water Sys-
tem. which costs much more, both
to install and to maintain, or by
means of THE KELSEY WARM
AiR GENERATOR, which gives
just as healthy Heat, just as
even and thorough a distribution
% Main Office
is both Healthy and
of the Heat, but at much less
cost.
Furnaces are unhealthy, be-
cause they “‘bake’’ or “scorch”?
the air and do not eliminate the
coal dust and gas—Direct Steam
and Water Systems (those with
Pipes or radiators) because they
must necessarily warm the same
air over and over again.
27,000 KELSEY GENERATORS
in actual use.
Adapted to Homes, Churches
and Schools of all sizes—old or
new.
If you are building or thinking
of building, or if your present
Heating System is unsatisfactory,
write for our Book, investigate
and decide for yourself.
B h Office
242 W. Fayette St. KELSEY 156 Fifth Avenue
SYRACUSE, N.Y. HEATING CO. NEW YORK
DERBY RIBBED
“UNDERWEAR
APPEALS TO MEN OF FINE HABITS IN DRE 55.
WRT AND
ADE of a Spring Needle fabric of remarkable
elasticity, knitted on machines of our own inven-
tion and manufacture. “The garments made from
this fabric are of the finest yarns, and their hygienic value is
unsurpassed. “They always retain their original shape, even
after the hardest wear. From first to last they maintain that
same elegant silky feel, and easy, comfortable and natural fit.
OO! MARR
DERBY as
GNOER mo ®
\) COOPER MFG. CO.
They are made in two-piece
and union suits, in the vari-
ous sizes, weights & colors
Ask for the genuine Cooper's
Derhy Rihhed Underwear
and look for this trade mark
Handsome Booklet on request
Bennington, Vt.
338
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
November, 1905
Chicago Embossed Moulding Co.
Embossed
and Plain
Mouldings
Balusters and
Stair Work
SGA
KE
ENS Columns,
: a Heo} Interior Caps
TSSSEEEY ys and Raised
Carvings
591 & S597 AUSTIN AVE., CHICAGO, ILL.
SEND FOR OUR NEW 1905 CATALOGUE
Ga TO DETAILS INSURES YOU
Comfort in Your New Home
For a small additional expense to the cost of
ordinary hinges you can have your doors hung with
Stanley’s Ball-Bearing
Steel Butts 7%” ie tiic stn
THE ADVANTAGE OF|
FALL PAINTING|
Jo: Electric Light Plant
E have complete outfits for residences of any size, summer homes,
camps, hotels, schools, launches, yachts, etc. Every detail in-
cluded ; very best material ; absolutely practical. So simple no
electrician required. Light all the Time, as storage battery included.
Gags, Gasoline or Steam engines used give plenty of power for pump-
ing water, sawing wood, refrigeration, etc. We would like to send every
reader of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS who is likely to be inter-
ore our new 60-page Catalogue describing over 130 different outfits.
Address .
RESIDENCE LIGHTING DEPARTMENT
RICHARDSON ENGINEERING CO., HARTFORD, CONN.
ever wear down
Send for artistic monograph on the subject
NEW BRITAIN, CONN.
The STANLEY WORKS, Dept. K, 79 CHAMBERS ST., NEW YORK
A short, practical talk on good paint
and good painting for steel work, metal
and wood. Write for a copy.
Address Paint Department.
| JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, N. J.
Our Machines 2 Sold All Over the World
cAND GIVING PERFECT SATISFACTION
W ood
Working
Machinery
for
Every
Purpose
Circulars
or Catalogues
on any
Wood
Working
Machinery
Mailed
Upon Request
bind
ae
id
= and Scientific
Sind
J.cA. FAY @ EGAN CO.
saan
fff oALFAY:% 6
~GLNGIN'NATLO.
No. 133. INSIDE MOLDER
Made in 2 sizes, to work from 3% to 12 or 15 inches in width.
An excellent machine for making light or heavy moldings
casing, drop siding, etc.
209-229 W. FRONT ST.
CINCINNATI, OHIO
RLPPSREPRUREPREPRRERRRERS RES
$ 5 00 Regelee
2 Sen One —— PLE
MEYiCan Adares for : $6.00
HPLPLRRRPRPRRRRRRAPRPRRRRSLAR
American Homes and Gardens
os
who could not appreciate the wonderful ad-
vantages of city existence. The fact is, it was
exactly because city life was existence and
country life was living that they left, left
gladly and freely, and were wise forerunners
of one of the most remarkable population
movements of modern times.
Are the delights of the city, then, only arti-
ficial? It would seem so, for otherwise how
is it possible to explain the many defections
that have taken place? If the satisfaction of
living in the city was real and solid, surely
those who have tasted of this bliss would not
voluntarily withdraw themselves from it and
hie themselves to the country? Yet this is
what is happening now and happening daily.
The reasons for this change of feeling are
not hard to find. ‘The cities are more fascinat-
ing to-day than they ever were. “They contain
more things to see. “They have larger and
more beautiful buildings; they have fine parks;
they have many places of pleasure and delight;
they boast the finest possible shops, and the
doings in their theaters are solemnly chronicled
in a jealous press as matters of supreme im-
portance. City life is richer and fuller than
it has ever been.
Yet all these things are participated in at
heavy cost. It is scarcely fair to take New
York city as the type of the American city;
yet it stands at the top of the list as our larg-
est city and the most developed. It has already
become a truism that, in a very few years, only
two classes of people can live there—the very
rich and the very poor. The reason is obvious.
The very rich will alone be able to meet the
excessive cost of home building, and the very
poor must content themselves with the
wretched accommodations provided by tene-
ments of a poor sort—property often vastly
profitable to its owners because as little care
as possible is taken of it.
The medium class, therefore, is thrust out
into the suburbs and the country simply be-
cause it can not find accommodations for itself
within city limits. Hence the great suburban
expansion which characterizes all our cities,
large and small. It has become a necessary
feature of city growth, and since these people
work in the cities and are thus associated with
them, it is a new form of city life, the latest
and the most modern.
‘“ Better houses for less money,” is the motto
of the suburbs! ‘‘ More land at less cost,” is the
keynote of the success of the near-by country-
side! Yet the American appetite for bargains
is by no means the sole cause of the success of
country living for city folk. “Those going out
have found a fresh and new delight in country
life which is as rare and as fascinating to them
as the new pleasures of the city are to the
countryman when he first comes to town.
A whole new world is opened up, the finest
possible world, a world of gentle pleasure and
of quiet joys, a world of peace and of delight,
a world that it is pleasant to see and to live in.
The city man has but to know this world. to
realize that the utmost joys of the city were
artificial, feeble, inane and insufficient. He
no longer views the countryman with con-
tempt. but learns that he has been the wiser
man, having more at his doors than could be
bought within the town, and getting more
from life than the most crowded thoroughfare
could give.
But the two classes of residents have no
need to view each other with contempt. Taken
rationally the city will give to those who use
it properly all the rationable enjoyment they
need, exactly as the country approached in the
proper spirit wil! yield to those who live there
its utmost fruits. But the city is apt to in-
toxicate one by the very fulness and variety
of its life, while the country may deaded
through surfeit of evenness. It is not given to
November, 1905
every one to content himself in the city, and
it is surely not every one who will be satisfied
with the country.
Modern conditions of life are such, how-
ever, that not every one can choose whether
he will live in the city or in the country. Most
of us have to live where we find work to do,
and our place of residence is governed accord-
ingly. Work, opportunity, labor—these are
the first considerations; the place of living
comes after; that is, the particular kind of a
place, whether a house, an apartment, a tene-
ment, an hotel. These two things hang to-
gether, and whatever one does in life is de-
pendent upon them and is determined by them.
In the various transpositions to which
modern urban life has been submitted nothing
is sO important as content. The person who is
dissatished with the country can never be con-
tent there. The person who does not like the
city will never be content there. And unless
one is contented with one’s place of abode one
will always be discontented, unhappy, dissatis-
fied. [There is no secret in this, no hidden
force, no mystery. It is a plain, simple, un-
varnished fact.
And it is a great fact, a fact that must be
recognized by every one moving from the city
to the country perhaps to an even greater ex-
tent than by those coming into town from
without. The man and the woman who have
been accustomed to city living will find a
totally different kind of life awaiting them in
the country. “They must be content with this,
or prepared to be content with it. They must
make up their minds to like it and not to look
back with regretful thoughts to the gayer and
more fascinating times they may have had in
town. The country can not compete with the
city in the same way. What the country has
to offer is something of its own, something so
preciously its own, that it can not be considered
in the same thought with the city for a
moment.
The city offers an immense variety of at-
tractions. So does the country. But neither
the variety nor the attractions themselves are
identical. They are so completely different
that one who must have the city attractions
can not possibly be satisfied with those of the
country. Yet there must be this satisfaction,
and an abundance of it, or there will be dis-
satisfaction which even the most splendid
abode and the most ample opportunity for
enjoyment of country pleasures will not lessen.
Content with the country is the great factor,
the only factor, in the success of country life.
FIFTY SUGGESTIONS FOR
EHE ‘HOUSE
17. Cast-Iron Drain Pipes
THE cost of cast-iron drain pipes is not much
more than that of good glazed stoneware sur-
rounded with six inches of concrete. Their
advantages, as compared with glazed stone-
ware, are: (1) the pipes are of greater length;
they are consequently not so liable to become
fractured or broken; (2) air and water tight
joints can be readily made by running with
molten lead and calking; (3) fewer joints
are required, owing to the longer lengths of
the pipes—Fred. IT. Hodgson.
18. The Cold-Air Box
THE sectional area of the cold-air box
should be equal to three-fourths of the aggre-
gate sectional area of the leaders. “The box,
or duct, should be ten or twelve inches deep
for dwellings, and wide enough to give the re-
quired sectional area. It should also always
be provided with a damper, so that the supply
may be regulated to the heavy winds and ex-
treme cold weather.—F rank E. Kidder.
AMERICAN EOMES
Ma
OF ACCIDENT
AND GARDENS
Everybody
Needs an
Accident
Case
Do you know how to treat a cut or a bruise, or how to relieve a painful
scald? Have you the appliances and remedies at hand? Are they pure
and antiseptic?
THE U. S. EMERGENCY CASE
, contains 18 articles, including bandages, dressings, ointments, plasters,
absorbent cotton, scissors, First Aid Handbook, etc., all in a compact
fH metal case, and the price is ONE DOLLAR, express prepaid.
m If, after examination, you are not entirely satished, we will cheerfully
refund the money
Large Size, for Workshops, Offices, Mills, etc., $3.50
HATCH @® BRITTIN, Wholesale Agents Reference: Utica Trust &
1101 Flatiron Buiidii.g, New York %& Deposit Co., Utica, N. Y-
U.S. EMERGENCY CASE CO.
5 Weaver Building, Utica, N. Y. Om
aa
Late.
\ \ ] ae the approach of
the hol idays comes
the thought —what shall I
dive this year that will be
useful, serviceable and lasting ?
q What would be more
appropriate and could pos~
sibly dive pleasure
than the selection of one
of our many pleces of cel-
ebrated Reed and Rattan Fur-
more
7824 niture, which 1s light, strong, 6437
CHILD'S PLYMOUTH i MUSIC STAND
ROCKER and ornamental, and will last Always in good taste and
With polished mahogany finished
frame and reed seat. A comfort-
able and practical gift for any child
Heywood ~
TRADE MARK
appropriate. A useful and
popular gift. Made in
many styles
a lifetime &
EERELEESLCSTLSES PEELS
q Dealers generally throughout the country carry our goods and are
glad to show them. @ By looking for the little white tag bearing our
name, and by refusing substitutes of our famous Reed and Rattan
Furniture, you will make no mistake. q If by chance your local
dealer does not carry our line, write to our nearest store, mention
his name, and you will be informed how to obtain our furniture.
Heywood Brothers and Wakefield Company
New York, Boston, Buffalo, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland,Ore.
J.C. PLIMPTON © CO., Agents, London and Liverpool, England
@A request to-day
will bring you free
our Catalog H, show~
ing illustrations and de-
scriptions of our Reed
and Rattan Furniture.
@ Our Catalog 8 shows
our well-known lines of
HEY WOOD-WAKE-
FIELD Baby Carriages
and Go-carts.
> Q If you wish both, say
en so; otherwise please
6893-U
lefter or
OTTOMAN or foot rest with leather top. catalog ible
Neat, artistic and very durable
SO ee pe op ie oe ae oe eee Oe ee Pe a PB BPE
ay
6438 H
WOOD BASKET—light and flex-
specify by
number which
Z : made to withstand hard usage:
is desired,
in many attractive styles and patterns
Reckedidcie disci che cinch te deck dhe cho che die ch che die cho the che cho che ch che che ch che che ch the che ch the che ah the chp
LCECELELEEEEEEEELE
339
340
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
November, 1905
SURI TE = “DIRECT ge MANTELS
TILES
of Every Description for Walls, Floors, Etc
——— ee
No. 225—48 x 12 inches, $3.60. Retail value, $7.00
No. 230—48 x14 inches, with Curtain Pole, $4.50.
Retail value, $9.00
Others from $2.50 up. Largest assortment. Division
Screens and special Grilles to order
3 a buys this solid oak Mantel, 80 in. high, 54 or 60 in. wide
5 28x16 Mirror. Heavy columns and elaborate capitals.
ques §=T ile facing and hearth. Club house grate, $10.00,
Write for catalog of Mantels, Grates, Tiles for floors
and baths, Slate Laundry Tubs, Grilles, etc. It is free.
Or send 10 cents to pay postage on our Art Mantel Cat-
alog. Mantel Outfits from $12 to $200.
W. F. OSTENDORF, 2417 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. &&
Uniform Temperature
It makes no difference whether you have furnace, steam or hot water apparatus;
or whether it is new or old. All you need is the
MINNEAPOLIS HEAT REGULATOR.
It automatically controls the drafts. A change of one degree at the thermostat is
sufficient to operate the dampers. This device is as simple and no more expensive thana
good clock. It embodies economy, comfort and health. Has provenits merit for 22 years.
BERWICK, PA., Jan. 17, 1902. CEDAR FALLS, Iowa.
19. Colors for Mantel Drapery
In choosing a color for mantel drapery, that
of the wall and of the hangings must be taken
into consideration. If with dark walls and a
black marble fireplace a light color is intro-
duced, the effect is that of a light streak break-
ing the line of the wall. Then the decoration
becomes too obvious, and loses such little qual-
ity as it might have been made to possess. It
is better to build up from the lower or the floor
color, making the covering as inconspicuous as
possible.—Lillie Hamilton French.
20. The Shingle Roof
SHINGLES are not disposed to break by shak-
ing in the wind, or by being nailed too tightly,
and form, so long as they last, a much better
roof than slates; but they soon rot in the “val-
” ° . .
Find enclosed check for regulator. I have given ita Enclosed find draft for the amount due for ‘regulator. le Ss or an les be
thorough trial, and find it all you claim for it and a very Iam very much pleased with the regulator, and would YS; g A tween intersecting portions
usefuldevice. Thanking you for your courtesy for the not part with it for five times way a paid for it, ifI of the roof, and inferior shingles may split or
FRANK FAUST. could not Bek it otherwise. - MILLER,
period of trial.
Ass’t Cashier, Cedar Falls N ational ‘Bank,
Six years ago I installed one of your regulators in my house, and I cannot praise it sufficiently. I can safely say
it has saved me two tons of coal each season, and I have always retained an even temperature throughout the
curl in the sun, also causing leaks—T. M.
Clarke.
house. FRANK 8S. SMITH, Secretary Board of Health Warwick, N. Y.
SENT ON 30 DAYS ABSOLUTELY FREE TRIAi. 21. Water Marks on Tables
If not satisfactory in every way, return at our W. R. SWEATT, Secretary,
‘THE best way to remove marks made by hot
water jugs on polished trays or tables is to
make a thin paste of salad oil and salt, leave it
on the mark or ring for half an hour, then
polish with a dry cloth and the mark will have
disappeared.
expense. Write today. Booklet free. Ist. Ave. an GSt. Minneapolis, Minn.
NEW BOOKS
English Table Glass
ENcuiisH TasLe Gtass. By Percy Bate.
London: George Newnes, Limited; New
York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1905.
Pp. 130. Price, $2.50 net.
The series of books now being brought out
under the general title of ‘‘ Library of Applied
Arts” by George Newnes, Limited, of Lon-
don, and published in this country by Charles
i Scribner’s Sons, fill a vacancy in artistic litera-
timbers or depend on ture that has long needed filling. Dealing with
° “1° specific topics of somewhat limited range, the
flimsy spiking constitute, in most cases, convenient oxen
a I | which, if not the only ones on their subjects, are
certainly the most useful and the most acces-
We make Hangers adapted sible. The scheme is the very admirable one
of condensed text and abundant illustration.
That the text is somewhat elemental in scope
necessarily follows, but the illustrations are
much more numerous than are usually found
in books of this description, and the volumes as
a whole are very welcome aids in disseminating
information on topics of which comparatively
little has been written.
This discloses the second point of value to
be noted in this series, for the subjects thus far
treated are unique in books of this kind. They
are subjects which, if not new, are new in
books of this size and cost, and the collector
and student of the minor arts will here find
the present knowledge of his subject presented
by specialists in a sufficiently complete way to
satisfy all but the most exacting.
Mr. Bate’s book is not only a very good type
of the series, but a very good book in itself.
He frankly admits his obligations to Mr. Al-
bert Hartshorne, whose monumental work on
“Old English Glasses” was published in
1897, but his book is an original survey of the
subject, and is illustrated most abundantly
with glasses from the author’s collection, and
from that of Mrs. Rees Price. Some few
glasses are illustrated from other sources, but
most of them are from the collections named.
The illustrations number, all told, 254, and
are sufficiently numerous to very fairly illus-
trate the whole subject of English table glass
in its best period. All these glasses are re-
Don’t cut away your
to all conditions
Lane Brothers Company
(The Door Hanger Manufacturers)
434-466 Prospect St., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Relating to Architecture, Decoration, Furniture,
Rugs, Ceramics, Etc., will be recommended and
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supplied by our well-equipped Book Department Y
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MUNN & COMPANY
Publishers of Scientific American
NEW YORK
361 Broadway
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OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
November, 1905 - AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
MANTELS of Quality
Direct from Factory to Consumer
An artistic mantel adds a tone of
luxury and refinementto a room
that is afforded by no other piece
of furniture. When buying it is
well to select from a line that is
designed by the world’s most fa-
mous artists and designers. We
employ the most skilled talent in
every department and are equip-
ped to turn out strictly high-
grade goods, and by making
them in large quantities and sell-
ing “‘direct to the consumer,’
we are able to save you from 35%
to 50% on your purchase. Send
10 CENTS IN STAMPS for our
large book entitled ** SCIENCE
OF MANTEL MAKING,” which il-
lustrates 100 up-to-date designs.
Central Mantel Co.
1243 Olive St. St. Louis
SO NING WATER IN YOUR COUNTRY HOME
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HYDRAULIC RAM. No Attention. No Expense. Runs
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house, lawn, fountains and formal gardens. Operates under
18 in.to 50 ft. fall. Elevates water 30 ft. for every foot fall
used. Eighty per cent. efficiency dev eloped.
——— Over 4,500 plants in successful operation.
F Large plants for towns, institutions, railroad
tanksand irrigation. Catalog & estimates free
RIFE ENGINE C0., 126 Liberty St., ®. Y.
A. W. FABER
Manufactory Established 1761
Lead Pencils, Colored Pencils, Slate Pencils,
Writing Slates, Inks, Stationers’ Rubber
Goods, Rulers, Artists’ Colors
78 READE STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.
GRAND PRIZE, Highest Award, PARIS, 1900
Racine Brass & Iron Co.
RACINE, WIS.
Iron, Bronze and Aluminum
Castings for Automobiles
Water Jacket Cylinders a Specialty. Correspondence Solicited
" KG NGG
Gill -Y PEWRITERS
oll st 1 ALL MAKES $15 1° $.75
‘GUARANTEED- CATALOGUE FREE
PHILA.TYPEWRITER EXCHANGE
PHILADELPHIA’ PITTSBURG.
Established ruccessor to
isa D. Dorendort “itty
MANUFACTURER OF
Flag Poles, Copper Weather Vanes
and Special Copper Cable
Lightaing Conductors
445 CENTRE ST.,NEW YORK
Take off your Hat to the MY Ex
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Hangers-or1 —Pump Fixtures
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Quality and Service is the Myers slogan—
you've always got your money’s worth and a
bargain besides when you buy from MYERS,
Espret Catalog with close prices FREE,
2. MYERS & BRO.
Ashland, Ohio
PRATT INSTITUTE
BROOKLYN, N. Y.
EVENING COURSES IN
CARPENTRY
ce Advanced Courses for those
who wish to become Foremen
7.30 P. M. to 9.30 P. M.
On Monday, Wednesday and Friday of each week.
Fall Term begins September 27.
Write or call for Application Blank and Particulars.
Why Not Utilize the Waste Heat for the Drying of the Clothes >
This Is Accomplished by the Use of the
Chicago Combined Dryer and Laundry Stove
One Fire Heats Water, Heats Flat Irons,
Boils Clothes, and Dries the Clothes by
what would ordinarily be waste heat.
Substantially constructed of metal
throughout and absolutely fire-proof.
Made in all sizes. No residence or other
institution is complete without this
apparatus. Send for Catalogue.
We also make
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Chicago Clothes Dryer Works
340-342 Wabash Ave., Chicago 134-136 W. 24th St., New York City
Si EE. Ciany « DESIGNED
PURNITURE
O accomplish successful results in interior decoration, the style employed must
find accurate representation in the furniture.
We maintain at all times a large collection of specially designed furniture,
and each piece is a superb example of one of the styles created by the masters who
dominated the great periods. In our own wood-working shop we make furniture to
order, perfectly reproducing the masterpieces of all periods of decoration. Purity
of style and workmanship of the highest order are guaranteed. Sketches of these
classic pieces will be prepared by our own designers to suit architects’ specifications.
For any form of interior decoration we offer architects our exceptional facilities, together with our
matchless stock of floor coverings, draperies and wall- hangings. Correspondence invited.
W.& J.SLOANE, 886 Broadway, New York City
341
342 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
November, 1905
Something New!
A washable and per- Plain colors in oil admi-
fectly sanitary wallcover- rably adapted to ceiling
ing. Cloth foundation fin- and fresco work. Hides
ished in oil
colors. Best
wall cover-
ing forkitch-
en, pati y,
eee ee
other walls Co M rs) ws
(iLoTH Wats CoveRING.
where a
washabie
Strtace is
desired. Prints, plain col-
cracks and
Dp Lass) ecm
stains.
W ater-
proof, ver-
min - proof,
applied to
thie wale
like’ “paper,
and inex-
pensive.
For sale by the Dry,
ors and tiles in dull, var- Goods Trade and Oil
nished and glazed effects. Cloth Dealers.
Standard Table Oil Cloth Co.,
320 Broadway, New York City.
TWO SSS LATHS IN. THE WORLD
CORTRIGHT .
The appearance of many a building has
been spoiled by specifying the wrong kind |
of roofing. Don't forget CORTRIGHT.
| Cortright Metal Roofing Co, |
Philadelphia and Chicago 4
produced by photography in an admirable
manner.
English table glass is practically an art of
the eighteenth century. Few glasses of the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries have sur-
vived to our day; the earliest known glasses of
English origin are but three in number and
date from the reign of Queen Elizabeth. It
is probable that these were exceptional ex-
amples only, and Mr. Bate begins his subject,
therefore, with glasses made in England be-
tween 1670 and 1700. Discarding any elab-
orate system of classification, he groups the
glasses of the eighteenth century into five
classes, basing his classification on the stems.
Arranging these in chronological order he has:
1. Baluster Stem; 2. Plain Stem; 3. Air-twist
Stem; 4. White-twist Stem, and 5. Cut Stem.
This is a general classification only, for there
are, of course, many variations, overlappings
and offshoots.
In the earliest group the under edge of the
foot is turned or folded back on itself all
round, the fold being from a quarter to a half
inch wide. In the center, where the work-
man’s pontil was snapped off when the glass
was completed, is a rough and sharp-edged ex-
crescence. This folded foot is highly char-
actehistic of the first three classes, but is very
rarely found with white twists or cut stems,
In the feet of the second class the fold has
been abandoned, but the rough pontil mark is
retained. In the third the pontil mark has
been polished away on the wheel, leaving a
very smooth, saucer-shaped depression.
The bowl, as well as the stem, has been the
means of classifying these glasses, and Mr.
Bate adopts Mr. Hartshorne’s classification
of this kind, supplementing it with some
further shapes from his own observation.
From this point of view glasses may be classi-
fied as drawn, bell, waisted bell, straight-
sided, straight-sided rectangular, ovoid, ogee,
lipped ogee, double ogee, waisted.
With these preliminary observations, the
author proceeds to describe the various kinds of
glasses—wine glasses, ale and other tall glasses,
goblets, rummers, cider, dram and_ spirit
glasses, candlesticks, decanters, sweetmeat
glasses, trailed pieces and others—while short
chapters are added on methods of decoration,
frauds, fakes and forgeries, inscribed and his-
toric glasses. A brief note on foreign glass is
added as a necessary supplement. ‘The in-
formation given as to the dates of glass is
somewhat scanty, and is the one aspect of the
book that is most open to criticism. But it is
thoroughly interesting as a whole, and an ex-
cellent guide to the subject of English table
glass.
The Orchard and Fruit Garden
THe ‘OrcHARD AND FRuIT GARDEN. By
E. P. Powell. New York: McClure,
Phillips & Co., 1905. The Country
Home Library. Vol. II]. Pp. 15 322.
Price, $1.50 net.
Mr. Powell does not believe in a useless or
ornamental country life. He is a thorough
believer in the utility of country existence.
Beautiful as the land is to look upon, it is to him
more beautiful when it is put to some goodly
purpose which requires the care and attention
of the landowner, and which excites and com-
mands his interest. And he is quite right in
this contention, particularly with the city folk
vho retire to the country for rest or who are
forced thither because of the exceeding alti-
tude of city rents and values.
The average city man is very apt to view the
country with dismay when it is suggested to
him as a place of residence or when such a
retreat is forced upon him. What is there to
do there? Accustomed as he is to the horrid
November, 1905
THE
“CHAMPION”
LOCK JOINT
Metal
Shingle
Inexpensive
Ornamental
Durable
ao
MADE BY
I H. ELLER @ CO.
1610 E. Fifth St. CANTON, OHIO
Also Makers of
Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Etc.
UR remarkable recent inventions enable us
to offer the public an intensely brilliant,
smokeless gas at much less cost than city
gus, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and
costing but one-fourth as much as Acetylene
Most durable and least expensive apparatus to
maintain in effective perpetual operation. Gives
services of lighting, cooking, and heating.
Fullest satisfaction guaranteed, and easy terms
The very apparatus for suburban homes, institu-
tions, etc. Weconstruct special apparatus also for
fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equiv-
alent to city gas at 50 cents per 1,ococubic feet. and
made to respond to very large demands, also for
lighting towns, etc.
C. M. KEMP MFG. CO.,
BALTIMORE, MD.
Locations for Builders
Throughout the Southwest, especialiy
in Oklahoma and Indian Territories, Ar-
j kansas and Texas, along the line of the
mumerous towns and small cities have
sprung up along the many new lines of
the System that have recently been con-
structed, and openings for builders, con-
§ tractors, architects and manufacturers in
many lines ezist.
Send for a copy cf handbook entitled
“ Opportunities.”
MH. Schulter, traustriat Commissioner
Frisco Building St. Louis, Mito.
AMERICAN HOMES
oD LAN TS
AND GARDENS
WORTH HAVING
S the saving of time
and dollars worth
while ?
@ Yes. Then always
buy the very highest
grade obtainable of
hardy trees and plants.
Send to us for them, no
matter how far away
you live.
@ Get ee chit satisfactory, eco-
nomical results. Our stock produces them.
Why? Because it is grown with an
amount of care and an attention to details
that is unusual. Though our plants are
low priced, they are grown in the best
manner, regardless of expense.
@ We make certain that our plants are
strong, healthy, full of life. No cheaply
grown, unsatisfactory, time-wasting weak-
lings for our customers—only vigorous,
Sturdy stock.
@ Modest rates and an exceptionally large
assortment make the world our market
We surely can offer valuable suggestions
and give practical advice to distant cus-
tomers and deliver stock to them in per-
fect condition.
@ Our specialty is hardy ornamentals—trees,
shrubs, vines, evergreens and hardy perennials
—allthe good old kinds and the best of the new.
The beautiful literature offering this stock is
interesting, helpful, full of useful suggestions
and well illustrated.
QIf you need hardy plants of any kind, write
a letter about them, enclosing two-cent stamp,
and ask for our catalogue. It may be greatly
to your benefit to be on our mailing list. A
new race of flowers will make a horticultural
sensation when we decide to advertise them.
THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, Inc.
Box P, Germantown
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
MARSTON’S
HAND AND FOOT POWER
CIRCULAR SAW
EL
i ST —<
NOS AN
SEX
—
i ae
Tu
———
ATTN
Iron Frame, 36 inches high.
CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED,
with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in,
Steel shafts and best Babbitt metal boxes
Gears are all machine-cut from solid iron.
Two 7-inch saws and two crank handles with each machine.
Boring table and side treadle,
Weight, complete, 350 Ibs,
Send for catalogue.
J- M. Marston & Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass.
344 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1905
THE ORIGINAL
Swiss MILK
IRRESISTIBLY DELICIOUS
and as
Wholesome as Bread and Butter SP
SS
MILK-CHOCOLAT
HE ORIGINAL:
Fe
e
(Q
Cool, Autumn days spent out of doors bring “that
hungry feeling” which nothing will satisfy but PETER’S.
Men like it because it makes a convenient and wholesome lunch.
Women—because it is so delicious and dainty.
Children—because it is the only sweet of which mother says, “eat
all you want; it is as wholesome as bread and butter.”” 4 vo10 murrarroxs
LAMONT, CORLISS @ CO. Sole Importers, 78 Hudson St., New York
wy
Going to Build ?
If so, you will need Locks and Hardware Trimmings and cannot fail to be interested in the
beautiful goods made by Sargent & Company. Nothing adds so much to the finish of a building
as artistic hardware. The cost of the best is but a small item, and the difference in price between
d I ; OAO
mega Sargent’s cArtistic Hardware
is but trifling. Personal attention to the selection of hardware for your home will be to you
advantage, and as an aid you should have Sargent’s Book of Designs, a copy of which we wil
send on request.
SARGENT & COMPANY, "fisic Hardee,” 156 Leonard Street, New York
activity of the town, the quiet of country life
threatens to pall upon him and to render his
second state much worse than his first. Mr.
Powell’s remedy, and a most effective one it
is, is country activity and country interest. One
must know the soil and love it; one must work
upon it and make things to grow on it; one
must, if one can, derive an income from it and
make it ‘‘ pay.”” And there is no more absorb-
ingly difficult enterprise than the latter, as
every one who has tried it is aware.
Hence he begins his book with the sentence
‘“ Every landowner should be a fruit grower.”
His book is an elaboration of this idea. It
does not pretend to be an exhaustive treatise
on orchard fruits and fruit gardens, but it does
aim to be a thoroughly reliable book for those
who are establishing their homes on the im-
proved basis of intensive culture and especi-
ally to assist those who are escaping from the
confinements of city life to the freedom and
luxuries of suburban homes. ‘These are ex-
cellent purposes, and as the author is able to
draw on an extended personal experience, as
he represents and illustrates in his own person
the very class of people his book is intended to
help, and as it is based on wide, practical
knowledge, it is a book of great value, exactly
the kind of a book the people for whom it is
intended will want to have. And it is a book
they will need and which they will prize most
highly.
It is divided naturally into three parts.
The first treats of the orchard, and includes
separate chapters on the various fruit trees,
on grapes, on figs, dates and olives, on tropical
fruits, undeveloped fruits and on nuts and nut
trees. Mr. Powell does not undertake to
describe and name every sort of fruit under
these many heads, but he notes a very great
variety of each, describes them briefly but con-
cisely, and tells what are the best sorts to plant.
He tells how these trees may be grown, what
soil they prefer, and notes their habits with
great minuteness.
The second portion is devoted to the fruit
garden. Here he takes up the small fruits in
much the same general way that the larger
varieties are treated, and gives the same useful
practical information concerning them. He
is careful to warn the fruit grower, however,
of the great amount of care and attention that
will be required in this department. But ad-
mitting such sacrifices will be made as are re-
quired, he writes enthusiastically on this im-
portant part of the home garden, and his pages
are laden with helpful valuable suggestions.
The final portion is concerned with cultural
directions. It treats of many important sub-
jects, including wind breaks, drainage and irri-
gation, pruning, mulching fertilizing and cover
crops, spraying, bees, birds, fowls and animals
in their relation to the orchard and fruit
garden, harvesting and marketing, and a final
chapter on plant breeding. The illustrations
include views of trees, fruits and general
views. It is a book of sterling value and of
real importance and help to every orchard
owner and possessor of a fruit garden.
The Amateur Rose Gardener
THE AMATEUR GARDENER’S ROSE Book.
By the late Julius Hoffmann. Translated
by John Weathers. New York: Long:
mans, Green & Co. 1905. Pp. 16-+155.
Dr. Hoffmann’s book represents the results
of a lifetime given to the cultivation of the rose.
Written by a German gardener for German
use, it has been translated by an Englishman
and offered for the guidance of rose growers
in the British Isles. Mr. Weathers has not, —
however, made any alterations or changes in
AMERICAN HOMES
November, 1905
“WH
rail 1
ener
A Few
Facts which will
be of Interest
to Manufacturers of
Cement Stone
How
Cement Stone
Makers
Lose Money
world manufacturing cement stone for building purposes, but
how-many are in a position to take a set of plans from an architect
and make the stone to fit said plans?
Now, this is just where the manufacturers are dosing considerable trade
and money. “To be successful in this business it is absolutely necessary to
have a machine that will make hollow stone of all the essential sizes and
designs, water tables, sills, lintels, coping, ornamental, etc., up to six feet long.
The demand for water tables, sills and lintels is as great if not greater
than hollow stone, for many architects specify same for buildings con-
structed of other material, and the profits are considerably larger for this
class of work.
If you could visit one of the many plants scattered throughout the
United States operating
The Hercules
you would immediately appreciate its superiority.
, \HERE are to-day large companies in most every part of the
It makes everything essential for building construction; not that alone,
for it produces stone that is stone, and at minimum cost. It produces two
stones at one operation, which feature alone reduces your /abor item to almost
one-half.
Let us send you our catalogue ““C’’ and tell you all about it. It
might be the means of your saving thousands of dollars yearly. It is
saving it for others—why not for you?
Write to-day—it means money to you.
CENTURY CEMENT MACHINE CO.
180 West Main Street, Rochester, N. Y.
CARPENTERS
in these days of close competition need the best
possible equipment, and this they can have in’
Barnes’ 6
Hand ¢& Foot Power Machinery
UR new Foot and Hand Power Circular Saw
No. 4—the strongest, most powerful, and in
every way the best machine of its kind ever made.
For ripping, cross cutting, boring and grooving.
SEND FOR OUR NEW CATALOGUE
W. F. & JOHN BARNES CO. “tnt” ROCKFORD, ILL.
AND GARDENS
Colt’s U Bar Clamps
ADAPTED
TO ALL THE
TRADES.
_ They are
a
Predominant
Efficiency in
the Shop.
Broad, Strong Grip
Instant action. No loosening by jarring. Made
with crank or bar screw when desired. In all their
parts these clamps bear the signs of a peculiar fitness
for the work intended.
Send for catalogue and price list.
MANUFACTURED BY THE
BATAVIA CLAMP CO.
19 Center Street, Batavia, N. Y.
For the Protection and
Adornment of Lawns, Schools, Parks,
Cemeteries, Cemetery Lots and pub-
lic and private places generally, no fence can
compare with the Hartman Steel Picket Fence
rand P00 9 t PI HOO OOOQ20000
AU goatee) anne
RoR GED | MN
a Petia
for beauty and durability. The first fence we made
was put up sixteen years ago and is in as good con-
dition now as the day it was erected. _ The Hartman
Fence protects and adorns a lawn without conceal-
ingit. It can be erected upon uneven as well as
level surfaces—on stone walls or wooden bases as
wellasin the ground. No mechanical skillisrequired |
to erect it. All first-class dealers handle the Hartman |
Steel Picket Fence. If yours doesn’t, write for illus-
trated catalogue and prices to
GLEN MFG. CO., 148 Mill St., Ellwood City, Pa.
Remington
Typewriter
Lasts.
Therefore
Remington
Supremacy
Lasts.
“
MRS. WINSLOW’S
SOOTHING SYRUP
345
346 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1905
the original text, save adding a number of new
English roses to the very extensive and valu-
ee able alphabetical list with which the book is
: Tr concluded. ‘The adaptation of such a book to
j Ki 0 Fl 0 N. RO UTE f American conditions is much more direct than
— may at first be obvious. As a matter of fact,
i A the conditions of rose culture in America more
Four Trains Daily nearly approximate the conditions that obtain
in Germany, where the winters are more rigor-
ous than in England, than do those of Great
between Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati and
the South, via Monon Route and C,. H. & D. Britain. The book has, therefore, a special value
x F to American rose growers, being thoroughly
Two Trains Daily complete, very careful and fully detailed
, mare in its information, and presenting every aspect
between Chicago, Louisville and West Baden of its fascinating ci beetieee che comet Tee
and French Lick Springs. of the practical grower. It is illustrated with
twenty lithograph plates, reproducing as many
roses in natural colors from drawings by Her-
mann Friese. These plates are somewhat
hard and formal in drawing, but are very care-
ful reproductions of the actual flowers, and
add greatly to the value and interest of the
Three Trains
Chicago to LaFayette.
Parlor Cars on Day Trains, Palace Sleeping
and Compartment Cars on Night Trains.
book.
FRANK J. REED, CHAS. H. ROCKWELL, The book treats of the state of the soil and
Gen, Pass. Agt., Traffic Manager, its improvement, manuring, planting, pruning
CHICAGO.
in autumn and in the spring, bending down
roses and uncovering them, the choice of stocks
and their treatment, budding and grafting,
classification of roses into groups, like Tea
Roses, Hybrid Perpetual or Remontant Roses,
Climbing Roses, etc. Various operations and
methods of cultivating, such as the raising of
seedlings, propagation by cuttings, grafting
under glass, pot culture, production of new
varieties and similar topics are treated at
great length and presented with every neces-
sary fulness. The alphabetical list is of special
interest and value, giving the common and
scientific name of every variety described,
together with concise information as to its
: Economy Furnishes water
“ . for your flowers,
: Hot AG lawns, gardens,
P residence, barn
ump fF ond outbuildings
a) Pumps any quantity from
anywhere to any place
\ A child can operate it
}
"\ TEN DAYS’ FREE TRIAL
Send) fon lllusated (Gatsloste
THOMAS & SMITH
17-19 South Carpenter St. Dept. 5 288 Hudson Street
CHICAGO NEW YORK
MO 3 Eine nisree nosis
BounD Book F Ft ia ke
Tells about the art of money-making. A guide
for investors. How to distinguish between a
good and a poor investment. Handsomely
bound in boards. Artistically printed. Beau-
tifully illustrated. Contains no advertising.
QThe first edition will be sent out absolutely
FREE. Write immediately before you forget it.
BARNARD & CLARK, Suite X,25 Broad St., New York
To introduce my line of
; goods I will sell a beauti-
cua ae . Ca habits and parts.
“ai Leopard Skin Ve Dr. Hoffmann—who unfortunately died be-
“$35.00. lao fore the book was completed—presents his sub-
: ject in a continuous study. He treats of roses
from their beginning until their fruition in
full bloom. He tells how they grow and un-
der what conditions they do best. He sums
up, in fact, all knowledge necessary to the suc-
cessful growing of roses. “The book is a com-
plete treatise, and while written originally for
German growers, should greatly extend the
art of rose culture wherever it happens to be
known.
List and prices on
{ request. {
&@ F.C.JONES, Importer |
ie 176 Federal Street
Boston, Mass.
English Trees
WAYSIDE AND WooDLAND TREES. A Pocket
Guide to the British Sylva. By Edward
Step, F.L.S. New York: Frederick
Warne & Co., 1905. Third Impression.
Pp. 182. Price, $1.75 net. Mailage extra.
JUST OUT The purpose of this volume is the humble
Modern Gas-Engines [cS 554)
forward means for the identification of the
AN D
British native trees and larger shrubs which
: would be convenient for the rural rambler
and nature lover. As the author states, the
list of British arborescent plants is a some-
ro wcer aad as an S what meager one, but he has supplemented his
record of native plants by a list of those ex-
By R. E. MATHOT, M.E. otics that have long been naturalized in Great
300 Pages Bound in Cloth 175 Illustrations Price, $2.50, postpaid Britain, together with some of more recent
A PRACTICAL GUIDE for the GAS-ENGINE DESIGNER and USER introduction that have become conspicuous
A book that tells how to construct, select, buy, install, operate and maintain a REMAINS ME public and private parks.
-engi N 5 saree . ; This is a commendable and useful pro-
gas-engine. o cumbrous mathematics; just plain words and clear drawings. d has heen followed outemienpatee
The only book that thoroughly discusses producer-gas, the coming fuel for ener ee “| = ae The oat os eal
gas-engines. Every important pressure and suction producer is described me ES Se aa
and illustrated. Practical suggestions are given to aid in the designi d one, intended for pocket use, and of a size
: gning an ; sage
insialling of producer-gas plants. . 5 : admirably fitted to such use. It is illustrated
Write for Descriptive Circular and Table of Contents to with no less than ong hundred and twenty-
MUNN & COMPANY, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK seven plates from original photographs, to-
gether with numerous figures in the text. It
is, therefore, a well made book, admirably set-
ting forth the exact information it seeks to
convey, and the illustrations are abundant
November, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
a4]
SUYPND NNN VNNOVAUNOLINOLONNNUNONUNGUONNVNOUONOUOOGOONOUONOU VAG GGUOOGOOAU TOGO OGG AGUEOOOOOOO OOO OOOGEOOOEE GREG TGGONGT OOOO OOOO OOGUOOOOOOO NOOO OGO OOOO OOOO OOD OOU EOD OAO EEO EOE E ATA ALLE
] CONCRETE IS KING!
Houses used to be built of te
wood, brick or stone; now
they use
Hollow
Concrete
Building
Blocks
T is not a new building material—
it is the oldest and best known to
man. Used many thousand years
ago, it has withstood the test of time,
and to-day affords the greatest combi-
nation of advantages. The use of
ollow Concrete Building Blocks
Frost Proof
fourteen bricks. A block wall eight
inches thick is more durable and will
sustain more weight than a brick wall twelve
inches thick.
Wood, brick and stone deteriorate. Con-
PUUUEQUVCQUOUUOGOOGUOOOAOONGQONGHUOGUEGUEOGUNOQOUOQUNEQEOOUVOOUEOOANEGSHOOOGGODEOURCOQONOGROGGOAGOOOGOGOUOOGONOOONOOOOUNOOUNOOII
zl
Heat Proof will build you a house at a saving of | «
Fi f 18 to 27 per cent. The blocks can ‘
ire Proo be laid in the walls more rapidly than
Damp Proof brick, each block taking the place of
i a Ideal Concrete
crete Blocks partake hardness and
solidity by exposure, and are ever-
lasting. The expense of wear and
repair is entirely eliminated.
The blocks made by our "Borst
System" produce a non-porous fac~
ing in perfect imitation of any design
in cut or hewn stone of any natural
color. The blocks have a hollow air
space, insuring warmth in winter and
a cool house in summer.
By the use of our face-plates (inter-
changeable), the face of blocks made
on our machine produces a wall of
such design as to entirely destroy
sameness and monotony. To any
intending home builder we offer an
“Ideal” Block Machine of such sim-
\ plicity that, with our instructions, any-
®\ one can produce the blocks. Our
machine is a recognized standard prod-
uct, both tried and tested. It has been
on the market for two years.
It is sold at a price within the
reach of all, and will save you
its cost, no matter how low-
priced construction
Further details, cuts and infor-
mation can be had by
addressing
Machinery Co.
South Bend, Ind.
Fuel Saved
Wear and Tear
Eliminated
Insurance Lessened
No Painting
No Furring
No Lathing
Interior Space
Enlarged
ease
TT
| “THE BUSY MAN’S TRAIN” |
Appropriate in its Name
Appropriate in its Route
Appropriate in its Character
SVUUUOLUQUUQOUNOUNNUNAUOQAONQUOGUOQOUTOUEONOAUOOOONAUOGUOOGTGOOOOOOOOU OOO AOUOUOAOUAUOGUNOONOONOQUEOOOOOGU AOU OOUOOU OOO NOU OOU EGU
The Twentieth Century Limited
This is The century of all the ages.
The New York Central—Lake Shore 18-hour train between
New York and Chicago (the two great commercial centers of
America) is The train of the century, and is appropriately named
The Twentieth Century Limited
A. beautiful etching of this train printed on plate paper 24x 32 inches ready for framing will be sent
free to any address on receipt of 50 cents, by George H. Daniels, General Passenger Agent,
Grand Central Station, New York
348 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
November, 1905
enough to completely illustrate the text. The
deciduous trees illustrated are exhibited in two
states, in summer and in winter, the illustra-
tions of the two seasons being of the same tree.
Many of these general illustrations are supple-
mented with other photographs of the bole,
which exhibit the character of the bark, and
which are offered as an aid to the identifica-
tion of the species.
The scheme and plan of this book are
thoroughly excellent and have been well de-
veloped. ‘The text covers most of the points
a lover of trees is likely to need, and the illus-
tration scheme is so well worked out as to give
the pictures a distinct value in themselves.
The CHAMPION IRON CO.
KENTON, OHIO.
"9" = STRUCTURAL IRON.
ORNAMENTAL
CAST AND WROUGHT IRON.
JAIL CELL WORK.
FENCES AND RAILINGS.
PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT
@ @ @ Concrete, the Modern Stone
Catalogue of above furnished, and Prices
quoted on application. ae ATA 3
close to the original as any imitation
product known in the building arts.
The basis of its assured solidity is fortified by
the absence of flaws; in availability it is easily
made when stone is almost unprocurable; and,
on its appeal to taste, the face presentation re-
wards with an unlimited number of beautiful
designs. Of all the building materials the
world has ever produced, concrete is the most
universal in its application, the most durable,
and, when properly handled, the most attrac-
Cae ae has the quality of getting as
CAD CACO CROCD CDCI CAFO CBF CAFODD
Ye Hardest Test of a Water Tank
YEAR
cAsk your friends.
refilled.
monials to this fact.
27-ft. Tower, 3,000 gal. Tank furnished Mr. J. F. Perkins, Portland, Me.
CAFO CASO CAFO CASO CASO CAIOCAIOG
&
A DRAFT CONTROLLER FOR
HOT WATER HEATERS
Simple,
Durable,
Accurate,
Inexpensive.
your coal bill.
| Catalogue free upon request.
NEWARK, N. J.
cAbsolutely sate and reliable.
IS TO LEAVE IT DRY
FOR PART OF EACH yi
We have supplied many
tanks and towers for
water supply to summer
and winter resorts where
the tanks are unfilled in
the off seasons. Yet each
is ready for service when
Let us send you testi-
W. E. CALDWELL COMPANY #* Louisville, Kentucky~
Ghe Davis @ Roeser
Water Thermostat
Will save 25 per cent. of
Will regulate the tempera-
ture of your whole house.
Davis & Roesch Temperature Controlling Co.
tive and one of the least expensive. Concrete
has been known and used since early days of
civilization, and while its value has been rec-
ognized, its application in a practical way has
been hampered through lack of proper tools
to handle it. “The Century Cement Machine
Company, of Rochester, N. Y., manufactures
simple, durable machines for the making of
the greatest possible variety of cement building
blocks and ornamental parts, such as sills,
coping, lintels, pillars, capitals, bases, pilasters,
etc. The illustrations which we reproduce
herewith are examples of the striking results
which have been achieved in the molding of
concrete building blocks by machinery. The
idea of variety ob-
tained by these de-
signs will be greatly
magnified when it
is understood that
the patterns are
only limited by the
abilities of the de-
signers at the works.
The company has
realized, as a basic
principle in the pro-
duction of these
blocks, the fact that
variety is necessary
in order to relieve
the monotonous ef-
fect produced by
making an_ entire
building of blocks
having the same design, and its constant effort
has been to produce as large a number of
natural forms of rock faces as possible, in order
that the contractor may build a structure hay-
ing as many variations as natural stone, with
no added expense beyond the primary cost of
the face plates needed to produce the designs.
Its latest achievement is in the production of
molds for the making of bases, columns and
capitals, by the use of which the most strik-
ing and stately architectural effects can be pro-
duced entirely of concrete and at a cost en-
tirely prohibitive if it were necessary to use
natural stone. “The durability of these con-
CONCRETE COLUMN.
| crete structures is beyond question, and their
hygienic value is being appreciated more and
November, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 349
SEENSTRUCTIVE
So, .
1 eCechnical Papers
SSSON TIMELY TOPICS
PRICE, TEN CENTS EACH, BY MAIL
ARTIFICIAL STONE. By L. P. Ford A paper of immense prac-
tical value to the architect and builder.
Scientific American Supplement 1500.
THE SHRINKAGE AND WARPING OF TIMBER By
Harold Busbridge. An excellent presentation of modera views;
fully illustrated.
Scientific American Supplement 1500.
CONSTRUCTION OF AN INDICATING OR RECORD-
ING TIN PLATE ANEROID RBAROMETER. By N.,
Monroe Hopkins. Fully illustrated.
Scientific American Supplement 1500.
DIRECT-VISION SPECTROSCOPES. bBy°T H. Blakesley,
M A. An admirably writtea, istructive and copiously illustrated
a ticle
Scientific American Supplement 1493.
HOME MADE DYNAMOS Scientific American Supplements
161 and 600 cootain excellent articles with full drawings.
PLATING DYNAMOS Scientific American Supplements 720
and 793 describe their construcuon so clearly tbat any amater~ can
make them
DYNAMO AND MOTOR COMBINED. Fully describe and
illustrated in Scientific American Supplements 844 and 865. The
machines can be run either as dynamos os motors
ELECTRICAL MOTORS. Their Construction ar Home.
Scientific American Supplements 759, 761. 767, 641.
Order through you~ newsdealer or from
Munn & Co., 361 Broadway. New York
Write for
illustrated
booklet W free.
JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.,
Jersey City, N. J.
F, Weber & Co. ravsifimen's Supplies
Drawing and Blue Print Papers, Drawing Boards, Tabies, Squares, Tri-
angles, Etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Transits, and Levels of Best Makes
Send for Illustrated Catalogue, Vol. III
| 1125 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA.
i Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore
| Sole Agents for RIEFLER’S INSTRUMENTS, 01's Pantographs,
maxe Concrete Building
ee EOCKs
Best, Fastest, Simplest, Cheapest
MACHINE
No crackage or breakage
No off-bearing
No expensive iron pallets | Te
No cogs, gears, springs or levers
Move the Machine, Not the Blocks
THE PETTYJOHN CO. ~
617 N. 6th Street, Terre Haute, Ind.
BRISTOLW’S
RECORDING THERMOMETER,
4) Located within house, records on
Ly) yy @ weekly chart outside tempera-
Ly tare. Also, Bristol’s Recording
Yf Pressure Gauges, Volt, Ampere
and Watt Meters. Over 100 differ-
ent varieties, and guaranteed.
Send for catalogue.
THE BRISTOL CO.,Waterbury, Conn.
Alfred
J a concert pianist sums up Wii
Mi; EVERETT quality in the hearty Mil
German superlative, ‘‘Tadellos”—
meaning ‘‘without blemish, above criticism, perfect.”
Reisenauer has emphasized this vigorous expression
by action still more convincing in again choosing
the EVERETT for his American tour 1905-1906.
With artists and music lovers everywhere, the name ‘‘EVERETT”’
stands for the highest ideals in piano-forte quality.
possesses that tone of exquisite ricnness which distinguishes it as the musician’s ideal. Its
correctness of design and perfection of finish make the EVERETT the choice of lovers of the
beautiful.
_ EVERETT Marvel Grands and Parlor Grands are EVERETT Concert Grands in
miniature—-with all their superlative qualities faithfully preserved.
Illustrated catalogue free on application to
The John Church Company
CINCINNATI NEW YORK CHICAGO
Owners of The Everett Piano Company, Boston, Mass,
BURLINGTON
Venetian Blinds Sliding Blinds
Screens and Screen Doors
Highest Quality - Surest Sellers
Any style of wood for any style of
window.
|
i
i
MSY
fe)
||
SK
SQ , .™W'’we
Backed by the endorsements of
thousands of satisfied custom-
ers. Made on honor. Sold on
merit and guaranteed to give
entire satisfaction.
WW
©
Proved by actual use to be the
most practical and satisfactory
blinds and screens on the market.
DW o a MM
QA
For your own best interests and
your customers, send for Free
Booklet Catalogue, giving prices
and full particulars.
BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 LAKE Street, BURLINGTON, VT.
350 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
November, 1905
THE MAN
WHO LOOKS AHEAD
never thinks of using any other than
SV SHEET ET
SAUA
1077
x és T Be we
OF RK ic RESIS
PITTSBURGH
“APOLLO BEST BLOOM”
Galvanized Sheets
Vy xe
Experience has taught him that paying a little more for
the material is a sight better than paying a great deal more
for repairs.
Apollo Sheets give him everlasting service; they are
impervious to the actions of the elements, proof against
fire—and in applying are found always true to gauge, tough,
pliable and easy to work.
Learn all you can about Galvanized Sheets before you
make a final choice. When you find how superior ‘‘Apollo
Best Bloom”’ Sheets really are, you too, will realize that they
are the best adapted to your purpose. Look for the red
stencil on every sheet.
AMERICAN
SHEET @ TIN PLATE
COMPANY,
FRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA.
““BALL-BEARING”’
Gfand Rapids
ALL-STEEL
oAoH
PULLEYS
Are sold Direct to Build=
ers, Contractors and Mills
at prices under the com-
mon, ordinary goods,
‘f you make ten or ten thousand window frames, we can save you money
and give you a superior sash pulley. We are the largest sash pulley makers in
the world. We ship direct, or through dealers and jobbers everywhere.
Write for catalogue and free samples and prices on half-gross, gross, barrel
or any quantity. Direct from the makers to you. Inquiries welcome.
GRAND RAPIDS HARDWARE CO.
17 PEARL STREET, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.
PATENT
PENDING
more. ‘They are not only cooler in summer,
but require far less fuel to heat them in win-
ter, and are dry and airy when compared with
natural stone structures, owing to the air
spaces in the blocks permitting a perfectly free
CEMENT STONES.
circulation everywhere in the walls. We an-
ticipate that the specimens shown in this article
will be a revelation to those builders who have
not had an opportunity to see all the substantial
and pleasing developments lately made in
molding concrete blocks. ‘These results indi-
cate that the productions of this firm have
been under the careful and successive observa-
tion of its experts, that they make a fine addi-
tion and a truly noble show to architecture,
and at the same time they meet all the require-
ments of the fireproof class of buildings.
Roof and Tower Water Tanks
sles simple addition of a water tank in case
of a fire may pay for itself a thousand-
fold, for the cost is very trivial when
compared with the whole outlay upon a new
building. The value of the tank is very decisive,
too, when the ordinary supply of water happens
to be interrupted. When properly designed ey
do not present features
unaccommodating to the
lines of grace that should
obtain in towers and
buildings. A tank need
not have points of squat-
tiness on a roof or tower
if made on the plans in
vogue with the experts
of the W. E. Caldwell
Company, of Louisville,
Ky. On the contrary,
they are erected in a style
that is calculated to give
an appropriate balance to
that part of the structure
which it crowns. A tank
with a capacity of 3,000
gallons, and seated upon
a tower 27 feet in height,
is pictured in the accom-
panying engraving. Ele-
vated on a tower even as low as the one shown,
and capped by a windmill, the poise is calcu-
lated to be an advantage to the character of
the structures that require its use. ‘Thirty
years’ experience in building tanks enables this
firm to construct them perfectly to resist all
climatic changes, and to equip them with pat-
ented attachments which insure their being
easily filled, kept filled or emptied, as occasion
requires. The tanks are built of red gulf
cypress, the most durable material known for
this class of construction, and are erected not
only upon roofs of all sorts, but also upon
separate towers where there is yard room. The
tanks are constructed of all sizes, from a few
hundred gallons’ capacity to those that contain
thousands. All are built in accordance with
specifications of the Associated Factory Mutual
November, 1905
We want. to send you the Barler Book
.
A bed-time story
ees
A Barler Ideal Oil Heater
brings the most comfort to a home for the least expense.
You can heat any room quickly for one cent an hour and
have the heat right where you need it. The Barler qual- §
ity excels in construction, style, finish and durability any oil
heater in the world.
We want to send you the Barler Book
It shows how the Barler Heater will add to the comfort of
your home, whether you heat it with stoves or a furnace;
explains the economy and how the heat is regulated; why there
is no smoke nor odor; why the flame cannot be turned too
high; shows the smokeless burner, the extra ‘‘ feeder wick,’’
and the wick stop. Seven handsome designs, from $3.25 to
$10.00, freight paid. Write for the book to-day.
A. C. Barler Mfg. Co. e°uri"é aS °S
AMERICAN HOMES
| John Lane Company, New York
AND GARDENS 351
The Mnternational Studio
nya Pep THE ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE
a Med | 13 SF hs
nN ‘i OF FINE AND APPLIED ARTS
50 Cents Per Month $5.00 Per Year
@ The International Studio,
while treating of every Art and
Craft, Architecture, Interior
Decoration, Landscape Garden-
ing, Sculpture, Painting, Cer-
amics, Metal, Furniture, Glass,
Design, Fabrics, Bookbinding,
Lithography, Enamel, Jewelry, etc., gives especial atten-
tion to the subjects of interest to those who live in houses
or build them.
q Beginning with the October number there will appear
a Special New Series of articles on the current work of
our leading architects, replete with suggestion in text
and illustration.
= ——=—S SV:
SS. Paw.
“3 ee A
we oa (x aad
Dah SSS
SEND 25 CENTS FOR
SAMPLE COPY
@ Everything to do with the House as an artistic problem,
both in exterior and interior aspects, is put before the
reader in its best and latest development.
@ Color plates suitable for framing, and upwards of 100
Black and White Illustrations in every variety of repro-
ductive process in every number.
@ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and
are decorating and furnishing them with greater care
and in better taste than ever before.
@ The most potent single influence working for higher
standards in architecture and decoration 1s
The Architectural Record
Q If you are interested in building a building of any sort,
you will be interested in The Architectural Record.
Send for a sample copy—free
THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY
14-16 Vesey Street, New York
352 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. November, 1905
A SECTION AT A TIME
JUST AS YOU NEED THEM
A SECTION BOUGHT TO-DAY FITS A
SECTION BOUGHT FIVE YEARS HENCE
Our Steelsects, or sectional cases, are interchangeable. You
can have them every section complete or in combination. Check
files, letter files, document files, safety deposit boxes, roller
shelving, blank files, etc.
Write for our Catalogue 30 §
BERGER’S
Steel Sectional Cabinets
are adapted to every kind of office, the lawyer, the doctor, the
manufacturer, the business man, and all professional use. We
also make special equipment to order. Ask for our steel equip-
ment catalogue. We also make steel ceilings and other sheet
metal architectural work.
THE BERGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY
CANTON, O.
A. H. G. 6-5 NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA
The best opening apparatus on the
market, and the only device that will
IG O V ( operate, if desired, a line of sash
500 feet long
Window Operating _
i‘ a we
Ua
\\ \\
Manufactured and Erected by = ail
The G. Drouvé Co.
Bridgeport, Conn.
@
Also Manufacturers and Erectors of
The “ANTI-PLUVIUS” )
SSS555
set firm enough to be removed and stacked in
the yard, for the machine is always moved—
not the blocks. The mechanism of the ma-
chine used in this process is very similar to
that of the Pettyjohn upright model, which is
now so favorably known throughout the
country, and has the collapsible sides and
other patented features of this machine. The
apparatus are so arranged that fractional
blocks in a great variety of shapes, such as
halves, quarters, three-quarters, splits, etc., may
be easily made by inserting dividing plates into
slides made for that purpose. ‘These plates
are made the thickness of a mortar joint, so
that two halves and a mortar joint, or four
quarters and three mortar joints, would equal
the exact length of a stretcher. The sizes
could thus be made in multiples or fractions
of a given dimension, and in laying up the
stones in the wall there never would be a space
left but that one of the fractional shapes
would fit into it. The liberal use of these
shapes intermingled will produce the greatly
admired and artistic effect known as random
ashlar. ‘This brings us to the next point in
producing effective concrete work. Avoid the
checker-board repetition in size. Produce a
diversity—some long, some short, some square
and some rectangular, big and little, horizontal
and perpendicular, and some with heavy rock
face and some shallow. When this is done,
and the stones have a face with a gran-
ular texture, the result is superb. When de-
sired the random effect may be still further
increased by the use of multiples as well as
fractional sizes, as the machines are made in
all sizes, yet maintain a constant multiple.
It is desirable, though not absolutely necessary,
that there be three machines in using this pro-
cess. Information about this set, designs, pat-
terns, plates, tamping rods, pallet reinforce-
ment, blockings, chemicals, formulas, etc., may
be had by sending for the company’s literature.
The engraving illustrating this article pictures
the moving of the machine from a stretcher
block. The material is in every way adapted
for service in homes and gardens. It requires
neither painting nor repairing; its blocks can
be laid in walls of cottages, outhouses, gardens,
entrances, lodges, etc., rapidly and with little
mortar; plastering can be done on the back of
the stone, saving lathing; the stone is thor-
oughly durable and becomes harder with age;
the hollow spaces are useful for inserting gas
and water pipes, electric wires, speaking tubes
and ventilators; and time is neither a destroyer
of its texture nor superficial appearance, it
continuing to look like the natural product it
imitates so well under all exposures. Address
Pettyjohn Brothers, Nos. 510-516 North Ninth
Street, Terre Haute, Ind., for circulars, and
other company literature.
Cottage Designs
@ WITH CONSTRUCTIVE DETAILS
No. I. Cottage Designs
Twenty-five designs, zanging in cost from
$600 to $1,500
No. 2. Low Cost Houses ‘
Upward of twenty-five selected designs,
originally costing from $750 to $2,500
No. 3. Modern Dwellings
Twenty designs, at costs ranging from
$2,000 to $5,000
No. 4. Suburban Homes vey
Twenty selected designs, ranging in cost
from about $3,000 upward
One Dollar Gach, Postpaid. Sold Separately
Munn & Co.,361 Broadway, New York
ic
DE ER
-
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE
sz “£3 Ow A Broadway © NewYork “
To woman particularly—the maker of the “home ideal’’—the perfec-
tion, beauty and comfort of “Stavdard” Enameled Baths and One-Piece
Lavatories appeal with intense interest.
The installation of “Stardard”
ware is the most. economical aid to your own comfort, the safest
guarantee of health to your family, and the cause of greatest pride in
possession.
Its white, smooth, one-piece surface makes it alone
sanitarily perfect, and aconstant pleasure to the sight and touch of the
owner.
No home can be modern, healthful or comfortable without
it. The cost of installing “Standard” fixtures is low enough to satisfy
the most economical.
Our Book ‘‘ MODERN BATHROOMS’”’ tells you how to plan, buy and ar-
range your bathroom, and illustrates many beautiful and inexpensive as well as
luxurious rooms, showing the cost of each fixture in detail, together with many
hints on decoration, tiling, etc.
; It is the most complete and beautiful booklet
| ever issued on the subject and contains 100 pages.
FREE for six cents postage,
and the name of your plumber and architect (if selected.)
The ABOVE FIXTURES, No. P-33, can be purchased from any plumber at
a cost approximating $94.75
not counting freight, labor or piping—is
described in detail among the others.
CAUTION: Every piece of ‘Stardard’ Ware bears our “Standard” ‘Green and
Gold’’ guarantee label,and has our trade-mark ‘Standard’ cast on the outside.
Unless the label and trade-mark are on'the fixture it is not “Standaxe’ Ware.
Refuse substitutes—they are all inferior and will cost you more in the end.
Address Standard Sanitary Mfg.Co. Dept. 23 Pittsburgh, U.S. A.
Offices and Showrooms in New York: “Statdard” Building, 35-37 West 31st Street.
London, England, 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C.
The House Beautiful
Many modest homes reveal far better taste, possess 2 higher
artistic atmosphere and give more actual comfort, than man-
sions that have cost fortunes.
ITS PURPOSE
It is the purpose of ‘‘The House Beautiful’’ to lead the way
to such homes; to discuss and illustrate the architectural possi-
bilities of the home that is to cost say from $300 up; to take up
the scope of landscape gardening; to treat on decorative schemes
of effective though economical character; to familiarize its
readers with the value and proper uses of things old—Colonial
furniture, old china, silver, pewter, and to guide them safely in
the selection of things new.
ITS CONTRIBUTORS ARE AUTHORITIES
Every detail of every room and corner of the house is specifi-
cally considered by unquestioned authorities, in the pages of
“The House Beautiful,” the keynote of its policy being to show
Wherein Taste Goes Farther Than Money
If you are a lover of Home and Things Beautzful you will
quickly discover this magazine to be indispensable.
HISTORIC STYLES IN FURNITURE
and HOW TO KNOW THEM
By Virginia Robie
This is an invaluable handbook to those who appreciate the
debt we owe to furniture makers of the past. It contains the
precise knowledge in clear, lucid form, that has enabled many
a man and woman to pick up a gem in old furniture for a mere
song, opportunities by-the-way that grow scarcer day by day.
It shows how to distinguish the styles of the old Masters,
Sheraton, Hepplewhite, Chippendale and the others, and in-
fallibly guides one in discriminating between the pure style and
the faulty imitation.
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED
AND COVERS THE SUBJECT
Each period of decoration is fully taken up and conspicuous
examples of the furniture pertaming to it are beautifully illus-
trated. Of especial value are the chapters on the great French
styles, on English furniture of the 16th and 17th Centuries and
on the Colonial Period. There are in all fourteen chapters,
covering the subject from the early middle ages to the first
quarter of the 19th Century.
$2 00 OFFER The yearly subscription price of ‘The House Beautiful” is $2.00; the net cost of ‘Historic Styles
° in Furniture and How to Know Them” is $1.60—we will give a copy of the book with every new
subscription to the magazine. The book is handsomely printed and the supply will not last long. If you contemplate having it
kindly send at once.
HERBERT S. STONE, Publisher, 1326 Republic Building, Chicago
use the modern sanitary bathtub. Nine
millions are active and vigorous, and need no
safeguards against slipping.
One Million are crippled by illness or:
handicapped by old age. Thousands of
this million injure themselves every year
simply because they need a first-class bath
mat and do not know it. Have you one
of the million in your family >
The Cantslip Bath Mat
makes any tub — no matter how slippery —
safe; and is so comfortable that we have
known bathers to go to sleep on it in the
tub. It is soft and grateful to the tenderest
skin — like cloth, but with the germ-proof
quality of pure white rubber.
Made in six lengths and two widths.
The average tub takes a 36x15 inch mat;
price at your dealer's, $3.00. For some
bathers the Rim Grip (lower cut) is de-
sirable; price, $2.00.
If you find any difficulty in getting mat
or grip, write us direct, and goods will be
forwarded anywhere east of Omaha at
prices named.
The Cantslip Bathtub Appliance Co.
56-58 Pine Street, New York
Phoenix
Sliding
Blind
Co.
Phoenix
N. Y.
BLINDS
| PHOENIX, NY
—— ae
,
=SEND_FOR CATALOGUE Tf
ay ie mm W.
eae nee Sse AMERICAN
pes Xi pretty
Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year
CONTENTS POix DECEMBER, | QD
PAGE
A GATEWAY OF THE ESTATE OF MR. SPENCER TRASK AT SARATOGA, NEW YORK ....... cover
Murs StONS NOowhR AND THE BRIDGE— Glenn: Hlsinone,? W32.).2 os. os bo ec ke 366
LG IN TST COMIN TSN GP geet © osc acinar OS ac eR Secale isk ec a 368
NOTABLE AMERICAN Homes—“ Yaddo”’................. By Charles de K. Wentworth 369
“LOPES. | SUPOTETDE IN TEATS ye cetgrer Shc sciay asl PEO aR eTocs od te Pe me 2G]
SESE SETOUSE SO Fe PANE Su lVIB RINE ME! SOre) Go2) oe. c: 5 cot cis SSR ek tod ve bedne ale a Ws age doe, Boole. sie ales 378
RE OUNNMERP OME LOR MDWARD On GREW, FSOs wo au yay at cals sce ae Ob alee et diet dc s 380
PrEEBELONIE OEM ER Ore Av GARTETD cs. Ws ane eR le equhees gsc sw vqerd nek stee ee oes Jes 384
Eres LOU SE HOP VMiixed Hurnishings ae. «ss on Seok see Ge hes oe oo Soa oe calles 386
RiEees ero LOE bUIEDING ele: Persons: Concerned: i els ei le 387
PWINDEMERE. the Summer blomeot W.O: Underwood, Esq: (i... 20.2220. su. Jas: 388
1 EE SAND BGK este 2 SASS one Cetra Ane oe eee oo ae sa By Ida D. Bennett 390
APPLIQUE ON INEXPENSIVE MATERIALS............0 00000005 By Mabel Tuke Priestman 391
PRINCIPLES OF HoME Decoration: IV.—The Withdrawing-Room...By Joy Wheeler Dow 393
LIE SIA OUP USAWRIOIIY eee 8 o-d Beato aaat nee cae ean, eae ee er By Charles F. Holder 397
THE ADVENTURES OF A WOMAN WHo Hunts BIG GAME IN THE WEST. .By Myra Emmons 400
SCIENCE FOR THE Home: Winter Sanitation—Fires in Country Homes ................. 403
THE GARDEN: The Garden Month by Month (December)—Winter Work .............. 404
Civic BETTERMENT: Private Work for the Public Good—Public Sport .................. 405
(REE MOUSERVER:S INODE-bOOK: Architects, Oldvand New =..). 3. 022.....0.4.000.-..6. 406
INDEX TO AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS, Volume I., July to December, 1905 .........- 427
The Home Telephone. New Books.
Correspondence. Publishers’ Department.
Fifty Suggestions for the House. New Building Patents.
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, 1905. Price, 25 cents. $3.00 a year.
Combined Rate for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and AMERICAN HOMES AND
GARDENS, $5.00 per year. Rate of Subscription of pene HOMES AND
GARDENS to foreign countries, $4.00 a year. :: : :: tt Published Monthly by
MUNN & COMPANY, Office of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, 361 Broadway, New York.
[Copyright, 1905, by Munn & Company. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.]
NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he
cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be enclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy.
Nis Series of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BUILDING MONTHLY. Established in 1885.
‘S Me
~
iii taal camel
The Stone Tower and the Bridge of ‘‘Glenn Elsinore,” a New England Estate
AMERICAN
HOMES AND GARDENS
Number 6
December, 1905
A Pompeian Table in the Bay Carries a Sun Dial
“Yaddo”—A Semicircular Bay of Rough-Faced Stone Surrounded by a Balustrade Forms a Mid-Observation Point from which the
Rose Garden below Can Be Seen.
368
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
December, 1905
Monthly Comment
HE money expended by American cities for
police protection aggregates a vast sum.
That devoted to this purpose by any one of
the twenty largest cities is itself immense,
and the total amount spent in this way is
a) prodigious. A very reasonable question for
any taxpayer to ask is, is full value received for this money?
The answer is unquestionably determined by results. If the
police give genuine protection—if they detect crime, if they
inspire criminals with fear, if they protect property, if they
help to make life safe and property secure, if, in fine, they
constitute a useful part of the civic government—then surely
they are of value, and the money they cost is money well
spent.
Ir is a singular fact that most citizens are extremely skep-
tical as to the value of the police. Larger and larger ap-
propriations are given to this department of city government
every year. In private affairs such expenditures would re-
sult in one of two things: either greatly increased efficiency
or insolvency and collapse. The police departments certainly
give no indication of collapse, but grow stronger and stronger
every year, demanding and receiving greater annual ap-
propriations and, in many ways, strengthening their hold on
the public and the public purse. This would not be criticized
if, at the same time, the police grew in public estimation.
No American city spends so much for its police as New York.
If the money cost were an indication of efficiency it would be
the best protected city in the United States. Yet in a single
month upward of a hundred cases of robbery in apartment
hotels and buildings of like character have been reported,
and it has been estimated that in the past year at least
$300,000 was stolen from such buildings. Reports from
other cities show that the same kind of crime is greatly on the
increase everywhere. In too many instances it is apparent
that liberal expenditures for police service do not yield a
satisfactory return in arrests.
Ir is an excellent plan to avoid hysterics in architectural
matters. Do not regard every good piece of architectural
work as a “triumph,” or a “ miracle,” or a “ marvel.” It
is an architect’s business to plan and execute good work.
That is what he is for. Some architects can do better work
than others; some have better native taste and skill and more
of it; some have made better use of their opportunities,
studied harder and applied themselves more keenly to their
work than their professional brethren; some, undoubtedly,
are very bad indeed, and have no place—no right place—in
a profession concerned with the erection of permanent build-
ings. But the business of an architect is to do good work,
and when he does it, it is exactly what he is expected to do.
It may be beautiful and fine, it may be good and excellent,
but it is seldom a “ triumph,” and rarely a “ miracle.”
Home making and housekeeping are two different things.
Both are related to each other and both are essential to ex-
istence, but the successful housekeeper is not necessarily a
successful home maker. The housekeeper has to do with
the material things of life, with the conduct of the house-
hold, with its cleanliness, its order, its external visible aspect.
The home maker is concerned with the internal side of life,
with things invisible and personal. It is nobler work, that
of home making, than that of housekeeping. The house-
keeper is an executive officer, directing her servants as a
general commands his army; her duties are business duties
and her life is full of bustling activity. The home maker is
concerned with the quieter side of life. She may fail in the
executive aspects, but succeed with exceeding beauty in the
personal matters which make the home the most precious of
human possessions.
THE housekeeper is a single person, intent on keeping her
house in order, administering it with economy and carrying
on her work with as little friction as possible. Many per-
sons, the whole family group, constitute the home makers
of any household. The woman leads in home making, ex-
actly as she dominates in housekeeping, but the responsibility
for the home is not hers alone, but is equally the husband’s,
and, to a very considerable extent, the children’s as well.
Every one must help in home making, each one contribute
his quota, each do what he or she can. But the men should
not put the whole responsibility on the women, nor the
women put it off on the men, nor the children hold the
parents entirely responsible, nor the parents ignore the chil-
dren’s part. The home must be a perfect organism, in which
each one tries to do the best he can for the others. If he helps
himself at the same time he is so much the better off. But
home life rests more completely on consideration of others
than on any other single thought.
THE amount of unnecessary noise generated, produced, de-
veloped and thrust forth upon a helpless populace in any city
is completely without warrant, meaning, value or utility.
In no place in the world is there less need for noise than in a
town. ‘There communication is more rapid, direct and
secure than in the open country. ‘There is an abundance of
people alert for information, ready to work and anxious for
personal advantage. They can communicate their ideas
without difficulty, get all the work they want without noise,
perform their labor quietly, and go home at night to peaceful
repose. Asa matter of fact, there are few things more difh-
cult to do than this. The rumble of the elevated trains, the
shaking of the earth by the underground, the clanging of the
bells of the cable and trolley cars, may be more or less neces-
sary and more or less unavoidable. It is not the necessary |
noises which are so horrible in the cities as the unnecessary
ones. And of the unnecessary ones there is little abatement.
If our modern life produced genuine reformers, people intent
on doing good for the sake of doing it, many of these things
might be remedied. As it is we are going from bad to worse.
Many noises can not be avoided in places where great crowds
of people are continually congregated, but every unnecessary
noise should be utterly abolished from town life.
StyLEes and fashions in furnishings and furniture are
much less important than excellence. The newest things in
furniture, and, indeed, in all matters of interior decoration,
are often of interest because the modern purveyors of such
things turn them out with a certain knack and charm; but
their merits are apt not to be very deep, and it is always ex-
ceedingly wasteful to throw away good old things for new
objects that are simply in the fashion. Furniture fashions
change so rapidly nowadays that any room furnished in the
newest type is out of date the next season. Few pocket-
books can stand yearly changes in furnishings which are not
only unnecessary but exceedingly wasteful. A good, average
style is often a better investment than the newest of new
fashions.
December, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND) GARDENS
At the Foot of the Lawn is a Huge Fountain, in which Gold Fish and Carp May Swim
Notable American Homes
“YADDO”
Its Gardens and its Grounds
By Charles de K. Wentworth
EFO’ the wah” Saratoga was the fashion-
able watering place for New Yorkers and
held its own until Newport took the glory
from it. The curative properties of its many
springs were taken more seriously then, and
the presence of a large contingent from the
Seaclicr States made the crowd of visitors more varied and
interesting than it became later, when the Civil War inter-
fered with the northward summer migrations from Virginia
and beyond. But of late Saratoga has come into favor again
and many are drawn to the town which has experienced
within half a century such ups and downs. Some, per-
haps, seek for an explanation of what it was that furnished
the attraction and brought together Canadians and South-
erners, New Yorkers and Kentuckians, every summer for
two generations.
A first visit to ““ Yaddo ” was somewhat in the nature of
an accident, since I found my way to it rather unexpectedly
on the occasion of a morning’s walk. I well remember it
was hot—as this old battlefield of the British troops and
Colonial levies often can be—and I had no longer to solace
me the shade of the trees that grew in fine style down the
center of the avenue. There were woods on my right, young
woods, with taller trees peeping beyond them, trees that
tempted one to explore their shady bosquets; the more so
because a gateway stood invitingly open, whence I caught
a glimpse of a cool aisle of road with a bend that
asked one to find out whither it was going. I remember
the first note of interest I came upon was a charming little
lake with whispering grass at its shoal end and trees over-
hanging the bolder banks. The road skirts this lake, turns
into the forest, comes back to a second and larger lake, over
which hangs a round tower, built of boulders, with arched
openings below its conical roof. That tower and the rough
stone coping of the road as it swept around the lower end of
the lake gave one pause. The turn brought one before an
arch of massive stones, which carried the driveway south-
ward and separated one of the four successive lakes from
another still farther down.
Not far off I came across the owner of this domain, clad
in corduroys and golf trim, giving orders to a gardener near a
clump of rhododendrons. It was characteristic of the thought
and care that has gone to the making of this great estate that
its owner should, at midday, be thus engaged in a distinct and
quiet spot, intent upon personally directing a comparatively
small matter. At the very beginning of our talk he explained
to me that “ Yaddo ”’—and, indeed, it was almost my first
thought—was not, as I had supposed, a local Indian name,
but was one given the place, under special circumstances,
when the present owners first came here and long be-
fore the present house was built. Taking it from childish
lips, it began to be used at first in sport, then adopted in
earnest. It is short and convenient for general use,
and is consecrated to its owners by memories which be-
long to them alone.
The little lakes hidden away in the trees mean everything
in the pleasure we get from “ Yaddo,” not alone because of
their picturesqueness, but their practical value. They are
ice makers and pure water providers, and in winter are
skated upon with protection from the wind.
Strolling along the driveway, which zigzags on easy
gradients up a rather steep incline, we came to wide slopes of
greensward and caught a glimpse of the mansion, its square
tower of rough-faced gray stone and broad stone terrace sug-
gesting Elizabethan architecture, which the extension in half-
timber does not belie, nor the octagonal smaller tower that
379
advances a little before the facade, nor the carved wood
portions of the front. The tower represents the center of
this original house in more than one respect. It provides for
two great central halls on main and upper story, and above
that rooms with superb outlook. In the old country this
would represent the original tower of stone into which family
and movables were bundled when a raid was coming. The
extensions north and south would represent the additions
made after the coming of more settled times. In the adapted
form its two broad, high-ceiled halls make a meeting place
That above is a lounging-room with tables,
on each floor.
A Glimpse of the Facade and the Terrace. The Outer Wall is Tapestried with Vines ;
Flower Beds Flank the Walk
books, easy chairs, loggia to the west, broad outlook to the
east. [hat below is an assembly room for arrivals and
departures, for games before the great fireplace, for pageants
on ‘Twelfth Night or Christmas. Into it open the wide
doors of drawing-rooms and dining-room, and there descends
the great double stairway. ‘To the west is the !ittle conserva-
tory and fountain, to the east the tall, wide window doors
that lead to the terrace. In nothing does ‘‘ Yaddo”’ bear
the marks of a home all the year round more clearly than in
its orientation, for the dense pine woods to the west and
north diminish the force of the icy winds, while the terrace:
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
December, 1905
turned to the east gets all the morning sun, with the added
protection of the house at one’s back. Here the outer wall
is tapestried with Virginia creeper and other vines, and the
flower boxes at the foot of the wall glow with seasonable
blossoms. As one turns from the house and allows the gaze
to sweep across the vast plain in which Saratoga Lake is lost
among the undulations of the ground, the sharpest accent
is given by a giant pine tree leaning at an angle with the
slope on which it stands, the last of a mighty forest that
grew here when the settlers pushed eastward from the Hud-
son and westward from New England. Fortunately this tree
was spared by the farmer
whose land Mr. Trask bought.
It is characteristic of many up-
country farmers that they show
a certain hatred of trees in:
herited from the earlier settlers
who had to do battle against
the overwhelming forest. One
hears them apologizing for not
cutting down the most beautiful
oaks and pines on the plea of
overwork or laziness! As luck
would have it this pine escaped,
either because it seemed too
heavy a job to undertake when
plenty of smaller trees could be
managed or because its owners
really felt its lonely majesty
and beauty. Now it gives a
character to the landscape not
easily defined.
Mr. Trask and his poet wife
have the roots of their existence
deep in this fair and smiling es-
tate as the great pine pushes its
roots down into the whilom
pasture, now a stately rose
garden. The farmhouse fell,
to make room for a country
seat, and that house in turn dis-
appeared in the flames. Then
it was that the present structure
rose. Meantime other acres
were acquired to the north
across the highway, to the west
beyond the pine forest toward
the race track; to the south-
ward, too, and lower down into
the plain to the eastward, so
that in the course of time
‘“ Yaddo ” has become an estate
of seven hundred acres or more,
with its pasture lands and
arable fields, its mighty barns
and model dairy, its woods and
coppices. It has become a
favorite drive for Saratoga, the
well kept drives in all but the
close neighborhood of the mansion being always open to the
public.
‘“Yaddo” mansion does not keep its formal gardens in
close proximity, but hides them behind screens of trees and
hedges. Looking from the terrace one perceives a fountain
far below, on the lower lawn, but only a bit of the rose garden
offers itself invitingly. So, beckoned onward by the leaning
tower of the pine tree aforesaid, one strolls, unprepared and
drawn as by invisible threads of expectation not yet come to
conscious curiosity, down the natural slope of the lawn; or,
if it is hot sunlight, one edges over to a pleached alley that
December, 1905 ANERTGAN ~HOMES AND» GARDENS 371
The Mansion with its Square Tower of Rough-Faced Gray Stone and Broad Stone Terrace Suggests Elizabethan Architecture
A Sequestered Walk among Tall Young Trees near the Mansion
seems to lead that way by a short cut. Down this path are
stopping places in the shape of open platforms that are in
the nature of gateways, carrying classic roofs on columns,
whose Ionic capitals and drums are of terra cotta, covered
platforms fenced about with a simple Greek screenwork and
for the leisurely provided with a bench and a bit of sculpture
to look at. ‘Thus does one part from that wilder and
more natural portion of a garden that Lord Verulam de-
mands as an offset to the primness of his day, and come, by
steps and degrees, to the more ordered and
formal precincts given up to the rose. On
the well shaved greensward are great dec-
orated pots of flowers and shrubs aligned
on both sides of the graveled path. It is
not until one has turned the corner, how-
ever, that one sees the terraces that over-
look the rose garden. Backed by a grove
of tall young poplars a pergola extends
from north to south its fluted Ionic col-
umns and open rafters clambered over by
crimson ramblers. Marble short flights of
stairs descend to a second terrace edged
with the same stone, broad pots standing
on the low piers to carry slender green
cones of cedars. Out of this coping wall
juts, in the center, a semicircular bay of
rough-faced stone with balustrade, a kind
of observation point from which one can
examine the beds of roses down below. On
the Greco-Roman table in this bay lies a
sun dial, carefully designed for the latitude
of ‘‘ Yaddo,” and one of the most perfect
of its kind. Draw up a Pompeian chair,
lean your elbow on the marble slab, inhale
the myriad perfumes from the roses, and,
taking no thought of time’s finger on the
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
December, 1905
dial in front of you, gaze off into the distance and try to
follow along the low horizon line the faint undulations of
the Green Mountains and the Hoosac Range.
You will be sure to turn involuntarily at last to the
great pine tree, with its upward trending branches, that
tells in its structure so plainly of a vanished forest. Near
it, and against the belt of young woodland, is an exedra
shining white, which invites one, especially in the late
afternoon, to sit and listen to the sound of voices in the
last minstrel pine.
With its pine and its pergola and its sun dial and its
roses, all this garden needs is a nightingale or two—
though the brown thrasher, hermit thrush and catbird
are pretty good substitutes.
Certainly it is charming to move about these formal
walks where rare roses are carefully nursed against sup-
ports and shielded so far as possible from slug and bug,
from scorching and freezing. The white severe stair-
ways climb the green slopes, presided over, it may be,
by Mercury and Diana. The potted evergreens raise
their graceful spires above the coping stones, and, farther
back, the columns of the pergola gleam between the riot
of green and red of the climbing roses. Here, among the
standard plants, which are marshaled in formal squads
and platoons, in companies and regiments, thousands and
thousands of them properly pruned, trimmed, set up and
aligned, there lies a small fountain. The big fountain is
not in the rose garden at all, but forms the chief high-
light in the green map that lies before one’s eyes when
standing on the terrace of the house. To reach it one
passes an ornamental gateway in the hedge that bounds
the rose garden to the north and finds oneself on the
big lawn that stretches up to the house without a break.
It is a small lake of a fountain, suitable for gold fish
and carp, set on the smooth grass and surrounded on two
sides at a respectful distance by young woodlands, which in
their turn conceal a brook of many pools and little falls and
nooks full of iris and wild swamp flowers, the outlet of
the string of four lakelets spoken of above. The group
in the big fountain is one of sleepy Naiads teased by a Cupid;
one has risen and stretches her arms lazily in the veil of drops
carried over her from the jets of water; the other is still
An Arch of Massive Stones Connects Two of the Small Lakes
December, 1905
slumbering as she sits. Their arms form graceful curves
against the surrounding foliage.
There is so much to see at “‘ Yaddo,” its spaces are so
broad, its vistas are so extended, its views so superb, its gen-
eral sense of ampleness and extent so wonderfully fine, that
one is perhaps apt to feel that in seeing so much one has seen
it all. Asa matter of fact, one might spend several days in
wandering through the grounds, delighting oneself with the
wonderful natural beauty of the place and the quite as
beautiful and almost as wonderful way in which art has been
made to aid nature in these splendid grounds. And the more
one wonders the more one sees. New beauty spots are con-
tinually being discovered, new evidences of thoughtful care
and fine utilization of possibilities made clear with each
AN EPRWVEGAIN HOMES
AND) GARDENS 373
be committed. The water garden at ‘‘ Yaddo”’ is a case in
point. One may wander quite extensively through these
spacious grounds before one comes upon this spot, which is
hidden behind some hillocks planted with trees. It is a small
space compared to the vast areas of ‘‘ Yaddo,” but still so
large as to seem quite spacious, judged by the Japanese
models.
Masses of rocaille are covered with plants that thrive in
moist places, and the pools that are allowed to form at dif-
ferent levels are kept supplied by a slender stream hidden by
ranks of iris in the varied Japanese shapes and colors. Seated
beside one of these pools one is in another world, shut away
not only from the gay, driving world of Saratoga, but from
the grave, noble landscapes of the valley. A Japanese stone
The Upper Pool and the Water Garden.
Changing the Color Scheme from Month to Month
fresh turn in a walk or each new venture into some wooded
groves.
The grounds are not only charming in themselves, but
abound in charming surprises, each of which has its own
note of interest and each of which, even in its separate de-
velopment, bears a more or less relationship to the general
scheme. This, indeed, is one of beauty only, for it is to make
a beautiful garden, a beautiful, great garden, that ‘‘ Yaddo”’
has been developed to its present splendid stage.
It is not an uncommon error for the owners of great gar-
dens to make their estates a collection of different sorts of
gardens, a museum of gardens, as it were, each of which,
while fine in its way and well worthy of admiration, suffers
somewhat from its proximity to another garden of a wholly
different kind. One of the most striking features of the gar-
den plan of “ Yaddo”’ is the avoidance of just this error,
which is often excusable with the very ease with which it can
As the Seasons Succeed One Another Certain Flowers Bloom, thus
lantern rises here and there, or a rustic bridge crosses a
stream; a marble maid sits pensive, like Rautendelein, regard-
ing the lily-pads. The air is supplied with the necessary
moisture by jets that fling a fine spray over rocks and ferns.
Care is taken that, as the season passes, certain flowers come
into blossom and so change the color scheme from month to
month, new bulbs being planted, new plants set out to take the
place of annuals, while the permanent flowers are so disposed
as to form a regular succession of delightful disclosures.
Thus, absolutely out of sight of the house but within a
few minutes’ walk, there are two gardens for the fortunate
inhabitants of ‘‘ Yaddo ” and their many guests in which they
can feel themselves quite alone and as if removed by miles
from inquisitive eyes. And this has been done slowly, under
the eyes of the masters, without calling in armies of
laborers in an attempt to finish everything overnight. It is
wonderful what a man in active city business can accomplish
‘““Yaddo”—A Pergola Extends from North to South its Fluted Columns, its Open Rafters ‘
Rose Garden. Broad Pots Stand on the Mp
bered by Crimson Ramblers. Marble Stairs Descend to the Lower Terraces and the
ble Piers and Carry Green Cedar Cones
a
ee. nee
oz
=e
“Yaddo"—A Pergola
i the Lower Terraces and the
Extends from North to South its Fluted Columns, its Open Rafters Clambered by Crimson Ramblers. Marble Stairs Descend to the Loy
Rose Garden. Broad Pots Stand on the Marble Piers and Carry Green Cedar Cones
376 AMERICAN ‘HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905
with his leisure time by constant
personal supervision and a genius
for accomplishing things. But the
real spirit that puts ‘“* Yaddo”
apart from many of the splendid
country places in America is the
personal touch of its makers on
every part of it—house and lawns,
gardens and woods.
It is evident that the place is
loved for itself as well as for its
associations, that both mistress and
master regard it as a home, not a
show place or one for entertaining
guests, though it has become both
one and the other through the at-
tractive personalities and «social
genius that preside there. Only a
woman aided by a man keen to
understand and helpful to suggest
could have given this house and
estate the original atmosphere one
breathes in it. There is no sense of
rawness or newness, but an expres-
sion of individuality that objects ac-
quire which have been worn, like a
glove or aslipper. Absorbed in her
The Main Road with its Rough Stone Coping Sweeps Around the Lower End of the Lake
reading and literary work Mrs. Katrina Trask has yet built sketches to the stained glass windows in its hall and the
about her a home that any woman might envy, for it fits her andirons on its hearth. It is this slow accretion under minds
and her husband as only that house can which is the result that understand each other’s point of view which makes
of personal study, of careful planning from the first ‘‘ Yaddo”’ so interesting, not the number of its acres nor the
ee a
A Marble Water Nymph is Seated in One of the Pools of the Rock Garden. Fine Sprays of Water are Flung over the Rocks and Ferns
December, 1905
Ve
=
>
Along the Pleached Alley are Platforms Surmounted by Classic
length of its terrace. The pleasure it has given its owners
while adding tracts to the demesne and buildings to the farm,
planting a grove here and opening a road or vista there,
makes itself felt by others in some inscrutable way, and, with-
out knowing why, they, too, feel pleasure.
As an instance in point, there is the rose garden. It ex-
ists because to Mrs. Trask the rose is the transcendent flower,
but for herself she never would have planned and stocked
such a magnificent example. Nor for himself, in all likeli-
hood, would Mr. Trask have become so great a rose col-
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 4)
Roofs Borne by Ionic Columns of Terra Cotta
lector. But since they love roses the passion has grown, until
only a space of many acres can hold the plants; and, then, the
pleasure both feel can be extended to their friends. Several
years ago Mrs. Trask established in Saratoga a training
school for servants, which, in summer, is often opened to the
children from the Albany hospitals, and the rose garden
comes in very happily to supply the convalescents with
flowers. And there are others, too. Things of this kind
one learns over the lunch table where friends from Saratoga
gather under the genial presence of their hosts.
The Kitchenette
LTHOUGH the kitchenette is not the new-
est idea in things pertaining to the kitchen,
its end and collapse—or, perhaps, more
strictly speaking, its approaching end and
collapse—is the latest idea that has wafted
; out from the great world of hoteldom in
which so many strange devices are in vogue for the com-
pressing of many things into the smallest possible amount
of space. The kitchenette was not exactly a labor-saving
device, but an arrangement that was intended to meet the
needs of those who, living in apartments, wished to do their
own cooking, or at least a part of it.
The kitchenette was a very small room, something larger
than a closet, something decidedly smaller than a kitchen.
Its conveniences consisted of a gas stove and an ice chest.
It was obviously simple and compact. Its possibilities were
obviously limited; one could not do very much within it, but
one could, on the other hand, prepare there simple break-
fasts and luncheons.
It is perhaps not generally known, but it is a well ascer-
tained fact, that many of the most expensive hotels in New
York house people who practise all sorts of petty economies
in order to pay their room rent. The kitchenette idea was
invented largely to meet the needs of such tenants. At all
events, it was first applied to apartments of considerable cost,
apartments whose rent was so high that the tenants might
very well afford to rent larger apartments or purchase
their meals in the hotel restaurant.
But there is a charm in cookery—to those who do not have
to cook. The fair young wife is delighted with the conve-
niences which enable her to prepare breakfast for the doting
young husband, until the novelty wears off or it becomes in-
convenient and distasteful to wash the dishes after every
home-made repast. The smallest of kitchenettes entailed
some drudgery, as all household work does, and thus the
popularity of these apartments began to fail. One by one
they were deserted, and as they were attached to rooms for
which good rent was demanded there were no frugally
minded young couples to take the place of the dissatisfied
ones.
The obliging landlord maintained a storeroom, from
whence sundry supplies could be obtained by telephone.
AMERICAN “EFIOMES
AND GARDENS
December, 1905
The House of James Imbrie, Esq.
Englewood, New Jersey
HE suburban home of James Imbrie, Esq.,
at Englewood, N. J., is designed and built
in a quaint and interesting manner. It is
the simplicity of this design which makes it
attractive; simple in its form and simple in
its design, and without the usual superfluous
ornamentation which is so often attempted in the smaller
homes, is what makes it so attractive and pleasing. ‘The
pases TaN | LSS
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DINING RM,
First Floor
b)
four columns of the ‘“ Mount Vernon” type at the front,
which support the roof, lend dignity to its exterior. The stone
foundation, with rock faces, supports the superstructure,
which is covered with clapboards, and the whole of which is
painted white, forming a very pleasing contrast with its
wooded surroundings. ‘The roof is covered with shingles.
The entrance is into a central hall, containing an interest-
ing staircase with ornamental newel, balusters and rail. At
[gi
MAIDS RM
i
BED ROOM’
Second Floor
December, 1905
either side of the doorway there are
placed tall windows, extending
from the floor to the height of the
front door, from which an entrance
may be made into the hall.
The living-room is placed to the
left of the hall, and is trimmed
with cypress stained and finished in
Flemish brown. This color scheme
harmonizes well with the deep
green tinted walls. The elongated
effect of this room is lessened by the
ingle-nook which is placed at one
end of the room, thereby breaking
its length. The separation is
formed by a beamed archway which
is supported on octagonal-formed
columns. ‘The ingle-nook is raised
one step from the level of the main
floor, and contains an open fire-
place with facings of rock-faced
stone, and a mantel, with bookcases
built in on either side, above which
are placed stained glass windows
which shed a soft and pleasant light
over the ingle-nook.
On the right side of the hall, and
balancing with the living-room and
ingle-nook, is the dining-room,
which is also trimmed with cypress.
The walls of this room are covered with a large-flowered
paper, in green and red tones, to the height of six feet, at
which point is placed a plate rack extending around the
room; above this plate rack the walls and ceilings are treated
in an Indian red tone. The fireplace is the special feature
of this room, and is built completely of rock-faced stone of a
pearl-gray color, with the exception of the mantel-shelf,
which is of similar stone and dressed; this fireplace ex-
tends from the floor to the ceiling. Beyond the dining-room
is the butler’s pantry, which is fitted up with sink, drawers
The Dining-Room Has a Splendid Fireplace of Rock-faced Stone
ANE REGAN “EO WE S
AND GARDENS
S70
hint EGS ET
The Living-Room is Trimmed with Cypress and Finished in Flemish Brown
and dressers complete. ‘This pantry forms the separation,
and yet is the connecting link between the dining-room and
kitchen. ‘The kitchen is lighted and ventilated on both sides,
and is fitted with a range, dresser and a large store pantry.
There are three bedrooms on the second floor, which are
provided with large closets, and there are also a linen closet
and bathroom, besides two bedrooms over the kitchen exten-
sion for the maids. [he main bedrooms are treated with an
ivory-white painted trim and artistic wall decorations. One
of the bedrooms has a fireplace with a tiled hearth and fac-
ings, and a mantel, which is re-
cessed into an ingle-nook and pro-
vided with seats on either side.
The bathroom is furnished with
porcelain fixtures and also sup-
plied with exposed nickelplated
plumbing.
There are two rooms and a trunk
room on the third floor, and the
cellar contains the heating ap-
paratus, fuel rooms, laundry, etc.
The simplicity of the plan is en-
tirely in harmony with the simplic-
ity of the exterior. It is a straight-
forward, direct arrangement, with
rooms of good size and so planned
that irregular spaces are practically
eliminated. It is in thorough keep-
ing with this simple plan that the
exterior is designed on lines some-
what severe, it is true, but good and
pleasant. It possesses, therefore,
some of the most important ele-
ments to be found in the building
of a good home. It is a house of
significant interest and of excellent
parts, planned to design with fine
skill and taste.
Mr. Aymar Embury, 2d, archi-
tect, 63 William Street, New York.
380
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDERMS
I .
December, 1905
The Summer Home of Edward S. Grew, Esq.
West Manchester, Massachusetts
UST before the Boston train reaches the little
station at West Manchester, Mass., it passes
through a very picturesque and interesting
bit of country, with its myriads of beautiful
views of land and sea, the combination of
: which form very happy settings for the many
stately mansions with which the “ North Shore ”’ abounds.
From the little station a broad avenue winds its way, skirting
along many beautifully kept estates, until a very imposing
gateway is reached which forms the entrance to the summer
home of Edward S. Grew, Esq. A serpentine driveway
extends from the gateway, passing on through the highly
cultivated grounds, which are well planted with many grow-
ing shrubs and flowering plants, until the house looms up
among the trees in its magnificent grandeur. Passing on
through a screened fence of Grecian design, the front porch
is reached within this inclosure, and at either side of the
porch are placed large pots of hydrangea hortensia which
add a bit of color to the scene when they are in full bloom.
The house is designed in the Colonial style, of the Georgian
type, and is built of stucco, which is left in its natural silvery
gray color, while the trimmings and all the exterior wood-
work is painted white. The principal characteristic of the
design of the exterior is the pilaster effect, which is finished
with Ionic capitals. ‘These pilasters support the frieze
with which the building is surrounded, and the massive balus-
trade with which the whole is surmounted. ‘The roof is
covered with shingles.
Upon crossing the vestibule the “‘ Great Hall” is reached,
which extends through the depth of the house, with a com-
manding view of the sea. ‘This end of the hall has broad
openings which permit one to reach the grand portico,
which forms the main characteristic of the ocean front of the
house. It has a massive portico which is supported on Ionic
columns, and a floor of red brick, laid in a herring-bone
pattern.
The hall is treated in a handsome manner in the Colonial
style, with paneled walls from the floor to the ceiling. Mass-
ive molded beams placed on the ceiling give dignity to the
hall. ‘The whole of the woodwork is treated with white
paint, with many coats, well rubbed down, and left with a
smooth surface. ‘The grand staircase rises up from either
side of the hall to a broad landing, from which a single flight
of stairs extends to the second story. The balustrade to
this staircase is very handsomely made from special designs.
The newel posts are formed of a cluster of similar balusters,
from which the mahogany rail sweeps up to the second floor.
The fireplace, placed at one side of the hall, is furnished with
facings and a hearth of marble, and a mantel with a paneled
overmantel in good proportion.
To the right of the hall is placed the den and library,
while to the left is the drawing-room, beyond which is the
dining-room.
The library is trimmed with mahogany, and is surrounded
partly with low book shelves, while the remainder of the
wall spaces are filled in with a paneled wainscoting built up to
the level of the top of the bookcases. At the opposite end
of the room from the entrance is an open fireplace, provided
A House Designed in the Colonial Style and Built of Stucco Left in its Natural Silvery Gray Color
December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 381
The Stable
with facings and hearth of onyx, and a mantel with pilasters The drawing-room is to the left of the hall, and is trimmed
and overmantel. and furnished in a most dainty and artistic manner. The
The den, connecting both with the library and hall, is conception of the room is quite sustained, however, for the
treated with a green forest effect. It has bookcases built architectural woodwork, the furniture and hangings are all
in, and a brick fireplace with hearth and mantel. of the French school, and the result is most excellent. There
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Plans of the Summer Home of Edward S. Greer, Esq.
382 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905
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The Principal Characteristic of the Exterior are the Pilasters, which are Finished with lonic Capitals
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The Hall is Designed in the Colonial Style, with Paneled Walls from the Floor to the Ceiling
The Summer Home of Edward S. Grew, Esg., West Manchester, Massachusetts
December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 383
The Woodwork of the Drawing-Room, Furniture and Hangings are French
is a low paneled wainscoting, above which the
walls are covered with silk in a green and white
tone, and the whole finished with a wooden cornice,
which extends around the room. The ceiling is
laid on in a geometrical form with plaster mold-
ings, and is treated with an old ivory-white tint.
The fireplace in this room has facings of white
onyx, a hearth, and the whole is surmounted with
a handsomely carved mantel.
The dining-room, which is adjacent to the draw-
ing-room, is trimmed with mahogany, and has a
paneled wainscoting, well laid and highly polished.
Above this wainscoting the walls are handsomely
decorated, and the whole finished with a wooden
cornice. The fireplace, with onyx facings and
hearth, has a mahogany mantel. A soft rug in
harmony with the color scheme of the room covers
the floor, and the furniture, of mahogany, is in
keeping with the woodwork.
The service end of the house is placed in an ex-
tension and is arranged in a convenient manner.
The Dining-Room has a Paneled Wainscoting and a Fireplace with Onyx Facings
The china closet and butler’s pantry are quite aa
unusual feature, and while each is separate they
are also connected, and are fitted with all the best
modern appliances. The kitchen, which is be-
yond, has a fireplace of Welsh tile facings and
hearth, and its sink, its store pantries and ice-box,
with an outside entrance thereto, are all good fea-
tures, and are well fitted up.
The laundry, which is placed at the extreme end
of the wing, contains a similar fireplace as the
kitchen, and is furnished with a laundry range and
a set of laundry tubs. ‘The servants’ hall is placed
at the front of the house, and is provided with a
dresser for the servants’ dishes, etc. The long
corridor which extends the entire length of the
service quarters is placed on the side of the en-
trance court, while the service quarters are on the
outside of the extension, thereby isolating them, so
far as possible, from the living quarters of the
main house.
The second floor is trimmed with pine treated
with white enamel paint, and left with a glossy
finish; the doors are of mahogany. ‘The decora-
The Library is Surrounded Partly with Low Book Shelves
tions of the various rooms are most excellent.
This floor contains the master’s suite of rooms,
besides ample guest rooms. Two of the rooms
have dressing-rooms connected, and also bath-
rooms attached, besides a third bathroom for the
general use of the other bedrooms. ‘These bath-
rooms are wainscoted and paved with tiles, and
each are provided with porcelain fixtures and ex-
posed nickelplated plumbing. There is a linen
closet provided for the family linen.
The extension over the kitchen and laundry is
fitted up with seven servants’ bedrooms, bathroom,
and linen closet for servants’ linen, which are
reached by a private hall and staircase. Extra
guest rooms and trunk rooms are placed on the
third floor. The house is equipped with an ele-
vator, which runs from the cellar to the third
floor, and is one of the features of its appoint-
ments. The heating apparatus, fuel rooms and
storage spaces are placed in the cellar.
Messrs. Shipley, Rutan & Coolidge, architects,
Ames Building, Boston, Mass.
384 AMERICAN HOMES
The Home of Prof. H. A.
AND GARDENS
Princeton, New Jersey
HE house which is occupied by Prof.
H. A. Garfield, at Princeton, N. J., and de-
signed in the English half-timber style of
architecture, was built for Dean Fine,a mem-
ber of the faculty of Princeton University.
It is built in a handsome manner, with a
aioe of stone and half-timber, and is delightfully
situated among many beautiful trees and shrubs with which
the site abounds, and is quite in keeping with the many stately
homes with which Princeton is famous.
The first story is built of rock-faced stone, while the re-
mainder of the building is constructed of half-timber, the
panels being filled in with stucco work. ‘The house is
crowned with well broken gables, and a roof which is covered
with shingles. The entrance porch is a handsome one, with
its verge boards carved in an excellent manner. The
entrance is into a central hall, at the opposite end of which
is placed a flower window with paneled seats, over which is
a cluster of leaded windows. This hall is trimmed with oak.
The stair-hall is to the left of the main hall, and contains a
staircase with a newel post representing a carved lion bearing
a shield of emblematic design.
The living-room, to the right of the entrance, is treated
with old ivory-white painted trim. The fireplace with
which this room is provided is built of brick, with the facings
and hearth of tiles, and a mantel of Colonial style. On either
side of the fireplace is a French window which opens onto the
living-piazza, which is, in winter, inclosed with glass, and
forms a sun room. At the front and opening from the vesti-
The Window at the
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Carved Verge Boards Grace the Entrance Front
December, 1905
Garfield
End of the Hall
bule, as well as from the
hall, is the study, which is
trimmed with oak. ‘This
little study has a baywindow
with seat at the front, book-
cases built in around the
room, and an_ingle-nook
separated by a beamed arch.
The fireplace is built of
brick with facings of the
same, and a hearth of tile.
The mantel is paneled with
an overmantel with corbeled
plate shelf, and the same
paneled work is carved over
the paneled seats with
which the ingle-nook is pro-
vided.
The dining-room, trim-
med with oak, has two bay-
windows with flower
shelves and an attractive
fireplace with tile trimming
and mantel. ‘The butler’s
pantry, kitchen and its de-
pendencies are placed in an
extension from the main
house. The pantries are
fitted up complete, and the
kitchen, ventilated and
lighted on both sides, con-
tains all the necessary ap-
‘pointments for a well regu-
December, 1905 AMERIGAN, HOMES AND’ GARDENS
A House of Stone and Half-Timber Built in the English Style
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The Home of Prof. H. A. Garfield, Princeton, New Jersey
The Ingle-Nook in the Study
lated kitchen. ‘The laundry, fitted complete, the laundry
porch, with coal bins and the drying yard inclosed, all are
good features.
The second floor is exceptionally well arranged; the main
suite, consisting of two bedrooms, dressing-room, boudoir
and bath, form the principal feature of this floor. Besides
this suite there are three bedrooms and bath, while the serv-
ants’ rooms are placed over the kitchen extension. ‘This
floor is treated with white paint and has attractive wall deco-
AMERTCAN “HOMES
AND GARDEWS December, 1905
rations. Four of the bedrooms have open
fireplaces with tiled trimmings, and Co-
lonial mantels. There is ample storage
space on the third floor, and the heating ap-
paratus and fuel room are placed in the
cellar.
Messrs. Cope & Stewardson, architects,
320 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
Moderate Priced Fireproof
Dwellings
Tue city of Pittsburg is claiming the
honor of possessing within its municipal
limits the first houses of low cost which are
practically fireproof. The Pittsburg experi-
ment is, therefore, one of the utmost in-
terest. [he houses are of the ‘‘ semi-
detached ” type; that is to say, built in pairs
with a party wall between. The basement
walls are of hollow tile, 9 by 13 inches and
3 feet long, making a good 13-inch wall.
The exterior walls are faced with red
pressed brick, lined within with hollow tile,
and the partition walls are made entirely
of the hollow tile.
The floors throughout are practically
monolithic and are composed of hollow tile laid in straight
courses, filled between the courses with an inch of concrete.
Steel fabric, used for tension, is embedded in a second lower
inch of concrete. ‘The porch floors are built in the same way.
The interior floors are covered with tightly joined grooved
flooring. As little wood as possible is used. The roofs
throughout are of tile, and the porch supports are of fire-
proof blocks embedded in cement. Steel framing supports
the tiling of the roof and porch.
The Household
Mixed Furnishings
housekeeper is apt to fall into is the promis-
cuous use of furniture in a promiscuous
way. Most households contain a very
miscellaneous lot of furniture, gathered in
various ways, obtained at various times and
from various sources, furniture intended for many uses and
which has survived the wear and tear of usage, too good to
throw away, perhaps not really good enough to keep. It is
often a serious problem what should be done with such furni-
ture, especially when a new house is taken or a general re-
arrangement made.
The drastic remedy of destruction and. ejectment is, in
many cases, the only safe one. Complete uniformity may
not always be possible, but at least approximate uniformity
should be followed. A room furnished in a single style, or
with furniture of a homogeneous kind, has marked advan-
tages in esthetic effect over one that, at first glance, seems
to be a museum of furniture, and which on further inspection
is revealed as a place of last resort; nothing more.
The situation is bad enough when the relics of several
rooms, of several houses, or of several replenishings are thus
gathered together; it is much more dreadful when this effect
is the direct result of simultaneous purchase—and this
happens oftener than there is any need for. Many furniture
buyers start out without any preconceived notion of what to
a NE of the commonest difficulties that the
get, and with absolutely no idea as to how their furniture is «
going to look in the rooms for which it is destined. They
choose anything that strikes their fancy, and then when the
room is finished wonder why it is not pleasing.
It is because of this lack of foresight, this inability to
see rooms as they will be, this lack of knowledge of good
furniture and ignorance of the principles of good furnishings
that so many tasteless rooms are evolved at great expense.
There is not the slightest necessity for this state of things.
It is a very easy matter to obtain good advice on such sub-
jects, and if one does not know what to do oneself one should
seek the necessary advice in the proper quarters.
The case of mixed furniture that has survived is more
dificult. Some pieces may be well worthy of preservation,
some may be too good to throw away; but the result is sure
to be hodgepodge, and there can never be the satisfaction
that is rightly felt in rooms furnished from the beginning in
a homogeneous manner.
Success in furnishing is determined by results. Results are
determined by taste. Objects good in themselves may not
be good when placed in close juxtaposition in the same room.
It is a difficult matter to furnish well, that is, with a keen
eye to good taste and an appreciation of comfort and utility.
But it is only on such lines that satisfactory and satisfying
results can be obtained. Mixed furnishings, promiscuous
furnishings, haphazard furnishings, are to be avoided as the
most dangerous of household expedients. They are common
enough in even good houses.
a —
December, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
Helps to Home Building
The Persons Concerned
HERE are four persons, or groups of per-
sons, concerned in the erection of the house,
each of whom bears a definite relationship to
it, and each of whom is vitally concerned
with it. These are (1) the owner, (2) the
architect, (3) the builder and(4) the family.
The ae in which they are here set down may not be quite
logical, for the family would seem to be so close to the owner
as to be inseparable from him; and the builder is compara-
tively unimportant, since if an architect is employed he em-
ploys the builder, and the owner has no responsible relations
with him.
The owner, of course, is supreme. He is the boss. He
hires every one, and even the mighty architect must submit to
his will. He pays all bills, and after the house is finished it
is his. It is impossible to overrate his importance to the
undertaking; and yet he would be a wise man if he did not
take too much upon himself because of these primary facts.
There is responsibility in supreme control which is often
quite as great in a house as it is in the management of a rail-
road or in conducting the affairs of State. As a matter of
fact, the average owner, the every-day owner, has but the
slightest knowledge of architecture, and quite as little of
building. He will often get more satisfactory results by
simply paying the bills than by introducing his personal views
at all times and under all circumstances.
The owner employs the architect, and immediately finds
he has hired a man who knows more of the business upon
which he is about to embark than he does. This is always
awkward, and sometimes leads to unpleasant complications.
It is quite as true of house building as of any other industry.
A client who has definite views of his own, and can express
them intelligently, will be welcomed by the architect if these
views are reasonable and capable of being carried out within
the agreed-upon limit of cost. If unreasonable results are
demanded some very unpleasant experiences may be looked
for. The tendency among architects is to insist that their
own views shall prevail in matters in dispute, and in face of
the frightful ignorance among the greater public on archi-
tectural matters they would seem to have the better side of
the argument.
The essential point to bear in mind is that these two high
contracting parties, the owner and the architect, are intent
upon the production of a single work. The architect has not
the intense personal interest in the undertaking that the
owner has unless the house be one of unusual magnificence,
size and cost, when professional pride will spur him to ex-
traordinary efforts; but he values his professional reputation
sufficiently to give full measure of return for his pay. The
owner, on the other hand, is so keenly alive to his own per-
sonal relationship to the enterprise that he often fails to see
the architect’s point of view. Unless a common meeting
point is permanently reached things are apt to become ex-
tremely unpleasant.
The builder hardly counts as a positive force if an archi-
tect is employed, as he is a subordinate employee, whose busi-
ness it is to carry out the requirements of the specifications
under the superintendence of the architect. His work is
mechanical, but not the less essential. That there are good
builders and bad builders is as true as that there are good
architects and bad architects. The owner, however, will do
well to fasten the full responsibility upon the architect and rid
himself of troubles he will personally be quite unable to
settle.
The family is quite a different matter. The architect who
may boast he can manage any single client hastily looks for
cover when he sees a full-grown family making tracks for his
office, each laden, no doubt, with a pet idea which must be
immediately introduced into the building, to the exclusion of
everything else. It is painful to think of the scenes that may
follow, and it may be a wiser course to draw a curtain upon
them.
It is, however, very necessary to keep all these matters
well in mind in undertaking the building of a house. The
house is built for the client and his family; he is entitled to
have as many of his good ideas carried out as can be done
for the money. More than that, indeed, he is entitled to
have his bad ideas so modified and improved that the best of
them can also be included. He must have the architect’s
best thought and his best work. He must not propose im-
possibilities. He must not ask for an Italian palace when
he has only money enough for a Queen Anne cottage. He
must not demand marble when the contracts call for brick.
He must realize that his architect has some rights in the
matter, and he must be prepared to treat all matters in a
reasonable way.
And the architect must be tactful a thousand times a week.
He must realize that the owner has purchased his skill and
ability, and that these qualities, which have a marketable
value, belong as much to his employer as the ground for
which he has paid solid cash, that his house be built upon it.
Mr. Andrew Carnegie once gave the real measure of success
to a company of boys as trying to do all they were required
to do by their employer and a little more. This is the best
of advice to the architect. He must do all he can and a
little more. He must not stop at the letter of his contract,
but give full measure, heaped and running over. It is quite
true that we have no body of public servants who so zealously
insist on payment for their services as the architects. The
records of their professional assemblies are filled with five
per cent. discussions, and eloquent demands for more com-
pensation. Let it be assumed they are underpaid—which has
never yet been established—it is still true they must do
everything they can to please their client, and must not stop
when the letter of the requirements has been fulfilled.
And the family must realize that the money spent on the
new house is spent for their own personal benefit. The
house is planned for them; it is being paid for by the money
of the head of the house, who may have won it by hard toil
or may have comfortably inherited it. It is a well meant,
generous expenditure, whether the actual amount be large or
small. The house finished, the family should immediately
welcome its excellencies in the heartiest manner. It may not
be flawless, something may have been omitted which should
not have been left out, something may have been done which
would better have been left undone; but it is now too late to
change, and the wisest course is to be as pleasant about it as
possible, and find as many good points as can be found, ignor-
ing the deficiencies in the general thankfulness that the work
is done at last.
But the house will never be finished until the family has
settled in it and a happy, pleasant family life begun there. A
house must be lived in to realize the fullest measure of suc-
cess. It must be as valued as a friend and so regarded.
388
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
December, 1905
“Windemere,’ the Summer Home of W. O. Underwood, Esq.
Magnolia, Massachusetts
T IS doubtful if a more
picturesque or rugged bit of
coast along the shores of
Massachusetts could be
found than that which
forms the site of this inter-
esting house which was built for W. O.
Underwood, Esq., at Magnolia, Mass. It
is really built overhanging the cliffs, and
while the entrance front faces the road, and
is on a line with it, its main front faces the
ocean. It is constructed of stucco from the
grade line to the peak, and of a soft gray
color, while the trimmings are of cypress of
a soft brown tone. |
The entrance is direct from the road and
the front is well broken by its many different
windows in artistic designs. “The casement
windows opening out, the arched window
which gives light to the staircase and the
dormer windows in the roof are all good
features. The roof is shingled. Growing
vines and rambler roses are growing over
the stucco walls, while the group of shrub-
bery at one corner of the house nearly hides
the service entrance.
The beauty of the house is not so much
from the entrance side as where, overhanging the water,
the broad veranda gives one magnificent views in every
direction. ‘This veranda, supported by massive pillars of
wood, is wide and spacious, and the floor is not, as is usually
the case, covered with rugs, but it is well fitted with comfort-
able piazza furniture.
The interior of this house is suggestive of cheer, and while
it is simple in its treatment, the home atmosphere prevails
How a Veranda May Be Made Comfortable and Attractive
The Dining-Room Has a Colonial Fireplace
as soon as one crosses the threshold. The plan of the first
floor presents practically one room. ‘The reception-room is
trimmed with cypress, and has a low beamed ceiling and
walls which are paneled. The broad, open fireplace shows a
chimney-breast of glazed tiles, high up, and follows the cus-
tom of old Colonial houses. At one end of the room is an
ingle-nook furnished with a paneled seat.
The dining-room, which opens from the reception-room,
is finished with old English oak, while the
wall hangings are of green. ‘The ceiling of
this room is beamed and ribbed in a massive
manner. The fireplace, of handsome de-
sign, is built of brick which are laid in white
mortar, while the hearth and the facings
are of the same, and it also has a mantel
with shelf supported on corbeled brackets.
Over the shelf there is placed a rare old
Colonial mirror, following the old-time set-
tings of the Colonial rooms. At the end of
this room, and partly screened from the
main part of the room, is the staircase with
its quaint balustrade rising up to the second
floor.
The butler’s pantry is fitted with the usual
drawers, dressers and sink, and is complete,
while the kitchen, with which it is connected,
is furnished with all the best modern con-
veniences and is well placed.
The second floor contains the several
sleeping-rooms, provided with large well
fitted closets and bathrooms. The bed-
rooms are finished in a simple but artistic
manner, with white painted trim and a good
color scheme. The bathrooms are fitted
with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel-
December, 1905 AMERICAN EOMES AND GARDENS
=
—!
—
=
=>
pe
—
—
—
——
=—4
The Quaint Cottage of W. O. Underwood, Esq., Magnolia, Massachusetts
O
E RVANTS
PiReot J LOR PLAN
390
AMERICAN: HOMES AND .GARDENS
December, 1905
~—
i Riingpine
The Homelike Living-Room of the House
plated plumbing. ‘The servants’ quarters are placed on the
third floor; there is also ample storage space on this floor.
There is a small cellar for the storage of fuel, etc., under-
neath the kitchen part of the house.
The
It is a pleasant home, pleasantly designed and built in a
charming spot. It is a homelike home.
Mr. Ernest M. A. Machado, architect, 8 Cornhill Street,
Boston, Mass.
Sand Box
By Ida D. Bennett
VERY useful adjunct to the window garden
during the summer months is found in the
sand box. ‘There is always the question
before us of what to do with our house
plants during the summer months, especially
those that, through the warm weather, are
not desired for bedding purposes, are not especially orna-
mental at this time of year, or those more or less tender
seedlings that are being grown for winter use. For all
these the sand box offers a most satisfactory solution.
Almost any size box of convenient shape—not too wide to
reach across and not more than five or six inches deep—will
answer, the size depending upon the plants to be accom-
modated, though this is an elastic estimate, as the number
of plants are sure to increase through the summer beyond the
bounds of one’s most liberal spring estimate. The box
should be raised upon some kind of supports—sawhorses
will do as well as anything—to a height convenient to reach
across when sitting on a chair or stool. It must be filled
with clean, white sand and kept constantly moist. The best
general location for the sand box is on the south or east
side of the house, according as the plants require much or
little sunshine. | For such plants as geraniums, roses or
i]
coleuses the south side will be found favorable, for ferns and
the like the north offers greater inducements; but for the
general run of plants the east side, with some protection on
the south, is the ideal situation.
Plunge the plants deep in the sand showering every day.
The space between the pots may be utilized for rooting
cuttings. I have rarely found any cutting fail to root, and
roses are especially sure—simply press them into the sand,
press the sand closely around them and leave them until
they show vigorous top growth, when they may be potted
off or placed in a prepared bed. Gloxinia leaves laid on the
surface of the sand—the stems caught under a pot—are
sure to root, and should be left undisturbed until fall to
form bulbs.
Tuberous begonias, potted and plunged into the sand,
bloom luxuriantly, as do also the Chinese hibiscus, crinums
and many other sun and moisture loving plants.
Aside from its convenience as a summer home for plants
the sand box has the advantage of being out of the reach
of predatory cats and dogs. It may be made attractive
with trailing vines, and form a fascinating spot to the flower
lover, and its general contributions to the winter garden
will more than repay the trifling time spent in its care.
December,
1905
Appliqué on Inexpensive
AMERICAN HOMES
AJIN DY -GAGR DENTS 391
Materials
By Mabel Tuke Priestman
NTIL a year or two
ago the word ap-
pliqué suggested
e) luxury. Costly
WI ZS) hangings embel-
ARAN) lished with ap-
pliqué were rarely ever seen by the
average person. They were read of
in books as adorning the mansions of
the wealthy.
The expensive materials upon
which the work was done, and the
enormous cost of labor expended in
applying intricate designs, placed the
hangings at a price far beyond the
reach of the ordinary householder.
Now we constantly run across good
appliqué work which has been done
in linens and mercerized cottons in
excellent designs and which has en-
tailed only a moderate amount of
labor. Such work can be under-
taken by many who wish to add to the beauty of the home.
Most women have some skill with the needle and many
have a natural taste in the choice and arrangement of colors.
The charm of modern appliqué work lies in the use of good,
bold designs and in the selection of simple and effective color-
ings. The frank use of a wide stitch here and there gives
a pleasing variety to the outline of a design. The knowl-
edge of how to do appliqué work is really a combination of
needlecraft and color sense, and is not at all hard to acquire.
In many cases, especially where it is used for wall decora-
SSO ¥ 7
SOP IT
IKKE
‘,
KR
f\
An Arras Cloth Portiere with
Tapestry Border
Holland Tablecloth with Applique of Dull
Green and Purple in Shaded Linen
Tomato and Green Linen
Leaves Applied on Holland
tion, the design is first stenciled and
then outlined with embroidery. This
is also effective for portieres when it
is felt that time can not be spared for
more elaborate ornament.
A bedspread of yellow linen, used
in a yellow and brown bedroom, was
made in five strips. All the seams
were concealed by a stitching of
heavy brown embroidery, which also
hid the hem line, while a tiny tree
ornament in outline appeared above
the hem at the base of the valance.
The same motif was repeated in the
window curtains. Another decorative
bit of needlework was shown in a
table square, made for a craftsman’s
dining-room, of white linen, on which
corn-colored linen was appliquéd for
the flower motif. A rich note of
brown was introduced in the couch-
ing which held the appliqué in place.
One of the best ways of preparing designs for appliqué
work is to trace the design upon the material to be used as
the applique and fasten it securely with drawing pins on a
table. ‘Then lay red or black transfer paper face down-
ward upon the linen or muslin, or whatever material you
are going to use. Place your design upon this, going over
the lines firmly with a blunt instrument. After removing
the paper, if the design is not sufficiently indicated go over it
with a lead pencil. Then cut out the shapes and paste them
lightly on the groundwork. It is best to sew them at once,
Lattice Window, Showing a Novel Treatment
of Curtain Ornaments
as a Separate Border
392 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
before the ma-
terial begins to
fray, using cotton
or silk exactly the
color Yor ‘the
ground. These
stitches are after-
ward covered by
a cord or couched
silks; when very
neat workman-
ship is required
the edges are
done in art or
satin stitch. The
child’s _—_coverlet
and the tomato
design were done
in this way. Fora
portiere it really
An Arras Cloth Portiere that Can Be
Quickly Made in Applique
seems a waste of time, for if the de-
sign was outlined by couched threads
it would look quite as effective and
take a great deal less time to do. The
stems are worked in crewel stitch or
stem stitch, as a rule, but every now
and then designs can be seen with the
stems formed by tiny silk cords.
A child’s coverlet was made of
two pieces of coarse Holland, the
back of it being cut larger than the
front and brought over and joined
four inches from the edge. This
is concealed, by a line all around it, of blue-green embroidery
worked in satin stitch. The leaves and stems are cut in one
piece and are made of olive-green linen. Some of the flowers
are peach color, while some are a tomato red. ‘The flowers
are all outlined in the deepest shade of red, worked also in
art stitch, the leaves being outlined with the blue-green used
on the hem line. This piece of work is very beautiful,
though nearly the same effect could be gained by couching
the outline. Couching is a thick strand of linen flax or
crewels laid around the applied design, and stitched at regular
intervals by threads crossing the couching line at right
angles. Cord is applied in the same way. ‘The couching
may be made of filoselle or embroidery silk, according to the
texture of the material used. Some workers prefer the linen
flax or mercerized cottons on coarse linens, but many find the
silks easier to work; the effect is so much the same that it is
best for the worker to use what she likes best to work with.
A tray cloth would require a light couching stitched about
one-quarter of an inch apart. On an arras cloth portiére
with a large design the couching might have six strands of
heavy linen flax and be stitched an inch apart.
Stem stitch is the best stitch to use for stems and places
where no appliqué is needed; it is simply a long stitch for-
Child’s Coverlet on Holland with Green
and Red Linen Applique
December, 1905
ward on the surface of the material and a shorter one back
on the under side, working from left to right.
Art stitch or satin stitch is the same on both sides, and is
done by passing the thread evenly from one outline of the
pattern to the other.
A design which can be adapted for sideboard cloths or
portiéres is the one used as a curtain in a lattice window.
It is made of cadet blue and deep olive linen on a ground of
white, and is embroidered like the child’s coverlet. ‘This
clever design was used on a portiére with the base of the de-
sign forming a three-inch band of deep color on the side of
the portiére, the same piece of linen forming the leaves and
stem, while the fruit was of a contrasting color.
I also used the same design enlarged for a frieze treatment
on a blue arras cloth portiére. The appliqué was in two
harmonizing shades of blue linen and was most attractive
in a blue room with mahogany furniture. ‘The drawing is
so simple an amateur who had little technical knowledge
could take the design and draw it from the illustration.
A cushion design on blue-gray linen had an applique of
blue linen for the leaves couched with
the same shade of linen flax. The bird
was in ecru linen on a ground of blue a
shade paler than the leaves. The de-
sign can also be used as a stencil.
A tablecloth of gray-blue had the
groundwork left for the leaves, the ap-
pliqué being one large piece of dull
green linen. This was an intricate piece
of work, as every leaf and all the green
surrounding were outlined in satin
stitch exactly the shade of the ground-
work. It must have taken hours to
make, and no doubt would have been
just as beautiful with a couched edging.
A curtain of
arras cloth, with
the design out-
lined in cord, and
the flower motif
held in place by
blanket stitch,
shows what I
mean by quick
needlework giv-
ing the effect of
good _ appliqué
work although re-
quiring much less
labor. An inex-
pensive curtain
can be made of
green arras cloth
with a_ tapestry
border obtainable
at any _ uphol-
sterer’s. It has
leaves and flowers.
Cushion in Blue Linen and Table Cover in
Green and Blue Linen
December, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND©* GARDENS 393
Principles of Home Decoration
IV .—The Withdrawing-Room
By Joy Wheeler Dow
HERE the mechanism of an
orthodox ménage—that is
to say, a household with
two or more servants, and
where there is a fairly well
maintained system of duties
for all its inmates—is established in a suit-
able architectural setting, not to say a man-
sion, a withdrawing-room is not only proper
but necessary—some room to which to
withdraw after dinner or luncheon, or even
after breakfast, as the case may be. But
in the average American cottage it is doubt-
ful if a withdrawing-room is just the thing,
‘
\»
» Il
aeeamy cate to call it so: Tsay “ with:
drawing-room” because its shorter and
more usual form—“ drawing-room ’’—has
only one syllable less to commend it for
convenience in speaking, while there are de-
cided objections to its general adoption in
lieu of the homely but very sensible “ living-
room.”
When I was a boy I always thought
that a drawing-room was a draughting-
room, and as I was fond of drawing I envied
the possessors of those houses with such con-
veniences very much. A drawing-room car
was a car for the use of railroad engineers, and perhaps
artists and architects while en route; and if my older brother
did call me “a stupid”’ for entertaining such an idea, and
had to explain to me that a drawing-room was merely the
English equivalent for an American parlor,* I do not believe
I was one bit more stupid than ninety-nine out of every one
hundred American boys at that time, when, although all
‘
P y ¥
a. ay + : z '
co- = Ss is ’ % pt a
2—Of Course,
Not Every Drawing-Room in Engl
and is as Good as This
1—The Poor Taste of the Average American Parlor
Americans were supposed to have studied the English gram-
mar, few practised it in either speaking or writing, preferring
‘““you was” to “you were,” and “it was him” to “it was
he,” without the slightest compunctions of conscience; and
this, my dear reader, was the halcyon day of the great
American parlor. I regret I have no illustration of this
national apartment at the height of its universality. The old
Pret Stewart mansion, which formerly stood at
the corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-fourth
Street, could have supplied an example of a
most sumptuous parlor, but that is no more.
Let me say, however, that of all the use-
less, ugly and yet expensive conventions
American society has invented or known our
conventional parlor was the worst. And
although we have gotten rid, to a great ex-
tent, of the odious word, and when it seems
too pretentious to say ‘ drawing-room ”’
we say ‘living-room’ instead, still the
science of furnishing and decorating this
apartment, so difficult to describe, appears
to be even more difficult, judging from even
our latest endeavors.
There are few, indeed, good American
withdrawing-rooms, and of these few I have
but one at command for use in this paper. +
If an American be prosperous in money
* The Pullman Company used to defer to this American-
ism and call their productions ‘‘ parlor cars,’’ until they sub-
stituted the single word ‘‘ Pullman’’; but the Wagner Car
Company’s manufactures were always called ‘* drawing-
room cars.””
+1 will not say that Fig. 8 represents the best that has
been achieved by American designers of drawing-rooms,
but it is the best I have at my disposal for this article.
394
matters, why, Fig. 1 shows us the kind of
thing for his withdrawing-room, living-
room, reception-room or parlor he is apt to
affect. “The furniture is all of it bad in de-
sign, but the chair in the center of the pic-
ture is the limit. There are two good fea-
tures in this reception-room or parlor—the
ceiling and door panels—and they should be
noted as having fallen in with very detri-
mental company. Yet chairs, tables and
divans no better than these are daily adver-
tised for sale by our leading furniture manu-
facturers, and even exposed in shop windows
along our best business thoroughfares.
It is a curious fact that the American, so
progressive in matters scientific, hygienic,
and of inventive achievement, should be so
‘“dead slow ’”’ wherever art is concerned,
and more especially in the art of the home.
I have had otherwise cultivated people come
to me as clients, through somebody’s advice,
I imagine—an architect rarely obtains a
commission from his shingle—who have
simply no conception of good _ architec-
ture, either exterior or interior, and who,
apparently, have no desire to learn, for after I fancied I had
them fairly enlightened and coached upon some rudimentary
principles by dint of long and patient conversational tutelage,
like as not they would ask me to inspect some very inferior
cottage a carpenter and builder had constructed for a friend,
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
December, 1905
3—Here One May See Effort in the Righ. Direction Thwarted by that Strange
Fatuity of the Average Householder in the Realm of Art
or to see just such chairs, five o'clock tea tables, divans and
anomalous windows with transoms, as we have in Fig. 1.
Now just compare, if you will, this American parlor
proposition with an Old World drawing-room (see Fig. 2,
borrowed from English Country Life). Of course, not
4—The King’s Hall
December, 1905
5— A Very Expensive and Very Vicious Table with Chairs to Match
every drawing-room in England is as good as this one; but
there is no doubt about it, the English people look more at
home in their drawing-rooms than do we in our parlors. Be
they elaborate or plain, there is usually the good single idea
pervading the whole scheme of appointments, and which we
habitually lose sight of, and consequently lack (see Fig. 3).
Here we have an example of the point in question—some
really good pieces of furniture and some really good home
ideas hobnobbing again with vicious and degenerate com-
pany. Here we may see effort in the right direction thwarted
by that strange fatuity of the average American in the realm
of household art.
Compare, if you will, again this ter-
rible mixture with the delicious peace and
quiet which reign supreme in the King’s
Hall at Hoghton Tower, in Lancashire,
England (Fig. 4). For the life of me
I can not understand why Americans, with
all their educational advantages, still pre-
fer the chairs and tables of Fig. 1 to those
we see in use in Fig. 4. Note the gate
table, the exquisite turning of its legs and
its delightful lines generally. Probably
there is not a gate table—which is a dif-
ficult piece of furniture to find in Amer-
ica, anyway—to be had in New York city
with half as beautiful detail. But the
salesman you meet at the door of the
furniture warehouse uptown will hardly
know what a “ gate table ”’ is; but he will
show you “‘a very fashionable table,” he
will tell you, instead. Its counterpart you
may see in the center of picture No. 5,
with chairs to match. The wonder is,
who buys it?
Before me, as I write, there is a gate
table I have just purchased for twenty-
five dollars. It is a small table, and plain
beside the raving, tearing beauty in the
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 395
King’s Hall at Hoghton Tower. And it is very old and
dilapidated—needs a thorough overhauling—and yet [ would
not exchange my table for the splendid Empire example
shown in Fig. 6, with the gas logs thrown in to boot. For
the love of goodness, and in hopes of a blessed resurrection,
‘don’t never buy gas logs!’ (acknowledgments to old Com-
modore Vanderbilt), even if you do have the money to pay
for them. But Fig. 6 is a very creditable Empire interior,
barring the terrible contrivance for holding exotics, to the
left of the picture, and the flounced lamp shade. These are
the insane notes that characterize this interior, varnished as a2
piano case is varnished, as howlingly modern and American,
so that by no stretch of the imagination could one fancy him-
self a visitor to Fontainebleau as a guest of the first Napoleon.
To decorate, then, the withdrawing-room—or, if one’s
house be just a very humble aftair, the living-room—which
should always have some kind of doors to make it distinct
and separate from the hall, eschew piano-top effects, except
for the piano itself, for all highly varnished surfaces tend
to defeat the purposes of every-day usage; at least they make
us feel uncomfortable, even if we have the means to re-
varnish again, for scratches are always unsightly and dis-
orderly. Choose the dull waxed finishes for your living-
room; as with the dining-room, don’t affect a severely pro-
nounced style. That is the underdone way of decorating.
And don’t go in for the latest cult, such as we have in Mission
furniture, so-called. Mission furniture, while good in many
respects, has been vulgarized by fashion. Don’t try to have
the furniture all match. Really good, historical pieces of
furniture rarely clash with one another. Note the different
chairs in Fig. 2. I trust this perhaps dangerous advice will
not lead you to select as many inharmonious things as we
have in Fig. 3. Better err upon the other side, and have
too few things, even to a sense of emptiness; for nothing is
more fatal to a successful living-room than crowding and
confusion. I have one good example of an American living-
room (see Fig. 7), and I have kept it till the last, for the
lasting impression. I have no idea whose living-room it is,
nor who designed it and furnished it, but it is “all right,”
and as an object lesson may help the cause of the principles
of home decoration more than anything further I can think
of to say for the moment.
A
6—Highly Varnished Surfaces Tend to Defeat the Purposes of Every-Day Usage
396
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
8—A Good Type of Drawing-Room in a Seaside Home
December, 1905
Ss tele hg as Od
December, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
The Sea of Salton
NK
Cr HE mysterious sea of Salton has
again appeared. The great sink,
two hundred and eighty feet below
the level of the sea, in which
stand the towns of Indio and
Salton, is receiving vast streams of
water, and where a few months ago men were working only
the top of a large warehouse is seen and a sea stretches away
to the horizon.
Of all the desert phenomena the so-called Salton Sea is
the most remarkable. This vast basin is the last end of the
desert before one reaches the divide
near San Jacinto mountain and
plunges down into southern Cali-
fornia. It is a depression two hun-
dred and eighty feet, more or less,
below sea level, and for many square
miles about it there is a general dip in
that direction. If water breaks out
of the Colorado and obtains good
headway, it runs, not south to the
gulf, but northwest toward Salton.
Salton is a vast salt bog, remarkable
for its salt. A large building has
been erected there and salt made for
many years in the lowest portion of
the pit, nearly three hundred feet
below the level of the Gulf of Cali-
fornia. This is a most interesting
country. The man who keeps his eyes
open soon observes strange things.
He sees an old beach, masses of shells;
along the foot of the range a long,
decided line, suggesting an ancient
water line. He finds curious rock
inclosures reaching out into the desert
By Charles F. Holder
from the mountains that look as though they were made to
hold fish. He discovers various remains of marine animals,
and it dawns upon him that sometime the Salton basin, so
far below sea level, has been a sea bed filled with water and
possibly a part of the Gulf of California, or Cortez, as it
should be called. If you talk with the Indians they will
tell you that long ago a big sea came in and filled the basin
and swept their tribe back into the furnace-like mountains.
About ten years ago the Indians of the Salton salt works
began to grow discontented. Some threw up their work and
left, others followed, and the big salt plant was in a fair way
to become deserted. The Indians told the white men that
once, many ages ago, the water had suddenly filled the basin;
they had a legend to the effect that it would occur again,
and a runner from the great river had told them to flee—that
it was coming. ‘The white men at the sink paid no attention
to this, but the Indians began to leave in greater numbers,
and finally the works shut down. It was learned that a
mysterious rise of water was taking place in the basin. In
a short time the entire area became a sea, and no one could
explain why.
The extraordinary appearance of this sea, covering many
square miles, created a sensation, and it was believed that the
gulf had claimed its own and that a permanent inland sea
had been established. ‘The drear mountains of the desert
from the railroad now appeared to be standing in the water,
and the mirage added to the strangeness of the scene. Indian
runners were sent out by the white people, and several enter-
prising men imported boats and followed up the stream,
which was found to be pouring in and eating up the desert.
For weeks the mystery continued. Great clouds hovered
over the region, rising one thousand feet into the air, and the
report gained credence that this fresh water sea would change
and render humid the atmosphere, and all southern Cali-
fornia would become tropical.
None of these things happened. The water poured in for
weeks, the sea of Salton increased; but when the Colorado
River went down the supply ceased, and in a few months
A Munister Making Adobe Brick Sun-Dried at a Temperature of 130 Degrees, with which
to Build a Church. The Present Church is Seen in the Background, and
is Called ‘‘ Grace and Glory Land”
398
ee eer,
Pn Ea a
The Salton Salt Works, now Forty Feet under Water
the thirsty desert drank up the water and the desert reigned
again.
It was found at this time that the Rio Colorado had broken
its banks between Yuma and the gulf, and the water had
poured into an old river bed not far from the line and had
entered the bed of what was known as New River. From
here it ran south to a dry lake, about fifty miles southwest of
Yuma, about midway to the delta, then striking the dip
toward Salton flowed northwest seventy-five or eighty miles,
crossing the line into California, flowing parallel to the
mountains. Finally, increasing in vigor, it found its way
into the sink of Salton and covered it, forming a sea one
hundred and forty-five miles in extent. Another river,
called a branch of New River, was formed at this time that
skirted the old shell or sea beach from Cook’s Wells past
Seven Wells, forming two great lakes, and finally flowing
into Salton.
It was evident that this
was not a new phenomenon,
and that it would occur
again when conditions were
right. “The expedition that
determined the cause of the
inflow was under the charge
of a man named Patton.
Up to this time an Indian
had been sent out, a famous
runner, to run around the
sea, but he failed, as did a
party of miners in a boat.
They traveled one hundred
miles, then returned, fear-
ing that they would be
stranded. Patton began at
Yuma, sailed down the
river in a skiff, with a tem-
perature of 112 degrees in
the shade. Fourteen miles
below Yuma he found a
break, which he entered,
then passed into a slough,
and after fourteen miles of
that came out into a large
lake near the little Indian
AMERICAN HOMES
The Desert Sand Blown Up by the Wind.
to Reach Salton Sink
AND GARDENS
December, 1905
camp of Sigeno, from
which a number of
rivers were carrying
water to the northwest.
In a word, he had
struck the beginning of
the sink toward Salton.
The appearance of
the country here baffled
description. It was evi-
dent that the desert was
being licked up and the
entire face of the land
washed away. The
main stream was twelve
feet deep, and appeared
to be rushing in every
direction, giving the
country the appearance
of a vast and changing
delta. The party saw
the tops of tall mes-
quit trees above the
surface at points, and
the old Yuma stage
road to San Diego was
fifteen feet under water. Fifty miles from Yuma in a direct
line, but after sailing one hundred and fifty miles of detours
and runs, the navigator shot by the old stage station of Alamo
Muchos. Ten miles from here he met another stream, half a
mile wide and twenty feet deep. It was most erratic; now
moving slowly, then without warning rushing on with fright-
ful force. Suddenly the river turned and flowed in the direc-
tion of Yuma, coming out in a few miles into a large lake,
where the water spread away, shutting out the desert com-
pletely. The stream often divided and became several rivers,
forming here dangerous rapids and falls where it cut through
the sand dunes. In some places the walls of the stream were
one hundred feet high; again, just at the surface but every-
where, the soft treacherous sand was being eaten up—swal-
lowed by the devastating water.
Suddenly the boat was seized by a mad current, whirled
about, tossed into an enormous whirlpool, capsizing it, most
The Water Cut its Way through the Sand Hills
December, 1905
of the provisions being lost. They soon passed into a lake
twenty-five miles square, dotted here and there with dark
objects which proved to be the tops of trees. Leaving this
lake by a river flowing west, they narrowly escaped a sheer
fall of eighteen feet. This necessitated landing, and the
boat was pulled upon the beach and the party camped here
all night, observing in the morning a remarkable illustration
of the illusive nature of the sand. The fall which they had
landed to avoid in six hours had traveled half a mile up-
stream. The current was now a small edition of the Niagara
River. The body of water under full force was running
down the desert hill, carrying the skiff into the Salton Sea.
Here it stranded on treacherous quicksand, and for hours
the men worked to reach solid land under a temperature of
120 or 130 degrees. The scene was terrifying. The heat
caused great evaporation, and mists were constantly rising
and strange mirages forming everywhere, out of which the
distant mountains rose. After a vast amount of labor the
plucky boatmen reached the salt works, having demonstrated
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
399
each side, is covered with water. At the desert town of
Calixico there is a rushing river, a third of a mile wide and
fifteen feet deep. The Salton River is equally large, and it
is estimated that each is carrying over ten thousand feet a
second into the Salton Sea. What the extent of damage
will be can not be told. There are no bridges left in the
region except those belonging to the railroad; the flood has
made a clean sweep.
The trouble is due to the extraordinary rise of the Rio
Colorado, and gangs of men are working on the river with
pile drivers and sand bags endeavoring to divert the water,
and as the river is going down the worst, possibly, is over.
The Colorado has been known to rise thirty-three feet, and its
flow at this time was 35,000 cubic feet per second. The
writer crossed it when it was twenty-two feet high, a raging,
yellow torrent, menacing in its velocity, changing the face of
the country for miles. The railroad property threatened be-
longs to the Southern Pacific, which runs twenty-eight miles
two hundred and sixty-seven feet below sea level at this point.
A Typical Desert Scene
that the Salton Sea came from the overflow of the Rio
Colorado through New River, making one of the most ex-
citing trips ever made west of the Colorado.
This was ten years ago. Since then the water has dis-
appeared and the salt works have been in operation; but
again the Indians have taken to the mountains, and from
Mount San Jacinto the eye rests upon a vast sea, which
stretches away, covering many square miles of the desert,
and is rushing down into the strange pit or sink with great
velocity. Investigation has shown that a mighty stream,
two hundred feet wide, is passing through the intake or
canal of the California Development Company, so finding
its way through several streams to the Salton Sea, that is
rapidly creeping up and seriously threatening property on
what has been considered safe ground. The writer inter-
viewed a Yuma resident recently who had just come from
across the desert.
Colorado River through which water was running, and from
other sources it is learned that a triangle, ninety miles on
He said there were several breaks in the’
Through such Sand as this the Rio Colorado Has Made its Way. The Curious Structure is a Church
There are nine miles of track from two hundred to two hun-
dred and fifty feet below sea level, six miles between one hun-
dred and one hundred and fifty feet below, five miles between
fifty and one hundred feet below, and about four miles fifty
feet below, all of which would be at the bottom of a deep
sea if the gulf should claim its own at any time, which is
not within the possibilities. The total mileage of the rail-
road below the sea level is 60.3 miles. The bottom of the
lake about three miles from the end of the salt deposit is
280.8 feet below the level of the sea.
This, in all probability, will be the last Salton Sea. The
lower part of the desert has been settled, the towns of Im-
perial, Calixico and others have been established, and large
and varied crops raised wherever water is introduced by
canals; and so much capital has been invested here that before
next year the banks of the Colorado will be closed to further
floods, and the Salton Sea, dissipated in the hot air of the
desert, will become a memory, to be told to generations to
come as a modern flood.
400
The
Adventures
of
a Woman
Who Hunts
Big Game
in the West
NJ OR the city man and woman modern big
‘Ai game hunting is one of the most expensive
sports. [he encroachments of man have
driven the small remnant of big game into
far fields, where it can be reached only by
costly journeys. Guides and helpers are nec-
essary, and they charge well for their services, though not
more than they are worth. Camp outfits are expensive, espe-
cially when women are in the party. As for horses it is
cheapest to buy them outright, before starting, and take
chances of selling them on returning from the trip. Only a
tenderfoot will equip himself with elaborate guns and natty
togs, but no one goes hunting nowadays without a camera;
and enthusiasts who know the importance of a good lense
often spend hundreds of dollars on their photographic
outfits.
For these reasons one woman, who has won in the wildest
parts of this country big game trophies which sportsmen
envy, has carried off the palm of feminine experience in out-
door life. She is Mrs. W. E. Bemis, of New York and
Larchmont Manor. Naturally, big game hunting is a phase
of outdoor life available to women only when some man of
the family acts as a companion; and in Mrs. Bemis’ case that
companion was her husband.
The Jackson Hole country, Wyoming, is the first place
recommended to the seeker after big game. The tenderfoot
may never have heard of the place before, but if he becomes
possessed of the desire to own an elk head, obtained by his
PA UO Ae ee OLE ie
Making a Pie in the Camp
AMERTCAN “RVOME'S
AND GARDENS
December, 1905
With
Some Practical
Suggestions
to the Woman
Who Camps
By
Myra Emmons
personal skill, and begins to inquire how, he will soon be
talking fluently of Jackson Hole and the Teton Mountains,
because that region is the great feeding ground of the elk.
They have been killed off in other parts of the country, but
Jackson Hole is south of Yellowstone Park, where all wild
animals are perpetually protected by law. Under this pro-
tection their numbers increase, and many of them stray out-
side of the Park, thus stocking the adjacent regions, and
especially Jackson Hole. Once beyond the Park, the animals
become, in proper season, legitimate game for sportsmen.
To Jackson Hole, therefore, Mr. and Mrs. Bemis made
their first trip for elk. Mountain travel on horseback is
fatiguing and often perilous for men, and much more so for
women. Guides insist that the women shall ride astride; and
the city woman, new to the dangers, is only too glad to safe-
guard herself in every possible way. ‘Trails lie straight up
the mountains, over down timber, jagged rocks, foaming
streams, jutting crags and precipitous canyons. ‘The worst
feature of a climb in the Rocky Mountains is the slide rock,
a shale that breaks off in slabs of all sizes, which slip around
over one another with the most alarming and treacherous
ease, making progress a fearful strain on the horses as weil
as taxing the nerves of the rider. Besides, there is always the
possibility that a horse may slip back down the trail, carrying
himself and rider to a frightful death.
Mrs. Bemis’ first chance for a shot came after she had
spent an entire day in the saddle and was exhausted, but she
insisted on trying for it, which is probably more than many
Frozen In
December, 1905
men would have attempted. She started down the canyon
with one guide, her husband and the other guide remaining
to make camp. It took an hour to get down, the horses
cautious, yet slipping and stumbling in the dusk. At one
place they crossed a bog punctured with gopher holes. A
step in one of them would mean a broken leg for the horse
and unknown misery for all the party. At the foot of the
canyon the riders dismounted, tied their horses, shed their
coats and all possible impedimenta, and climbed to the ridge
where the elk had been seen. ‘The strain, heat and dust of
such a climb are indescribable, but once up Mrs. Bemis was
near enough for a shot. Dark as it was in the twilight, her
first one found its mark.
Before the guide could finish dressing the buck, which
proved to be a nine-pointer, the chill of the mountain night
was upon them. The camp was at least seven miles away.
It was hours, and the inky dark, before a wearied, bruised,
half-frozen, aching hunstwoman came within sight of the
camp fire; and when she crawled into her bed after supper
it was with the firm conviction that she would never be
able to rise again. At daylight, however, she was up
again and after the other elk which the law allowed her.
He proved to be a twelve-point bull, with massive antlers.
But that is,
after all, noth-
ing for a wom-
an who is a
natural shot,
and has a rec-
ord at the trap
wetg clay
birds out of
Pee at. 25
yards’ rise.
Mr. and
Mrs. Bemis
made one hunting trip with Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Thompson
Seton into what is known as the Clearwater country, in the
Bitter Root Mountains of Idaho. The traveling in that
region is indescribably rough. Wyoming is a peaceful val-
ley compared with Idaho. No tenderfoot should ever make
his first hunting trip in that district unless he has extreme
powers of endurance. In her attempt to get a bear Mrs.
Bemis was left alone, one afternoon, on a mountain side,
while the men pursued a wounded bear. While she was
waiting a huge cinnamon bear walked out from the bushes,
twenty feet in front of her, his jaws dripping with the juice
of sarvis berries, his head swaying from side to side. She
thought he was the wounded one, and that he had been driven
around in a circle. Half paralyzed by his sudden appear-
ance she fired five shots at the huge, lumbering bulk without
AMERICAN HOMES
Experiences in the Jackson Hole Hunting Region
AND GARDENS 401
any effect. “Iwo more shells were left in her rifle. As she
drew down on him with desperate determination for the next
shot he loped off into the bushes and disappeared. Evi-
dently he had not located the direction of the shots and was
simply seeking to escape under cover. It might have been a
relief to see him go, but realizing that she was alone on the
side of an almost perpendicular mountain covered with slide
rock, and that she was surrounded by five bears, one of them
wounded, also that she must remain until the men should
return to find her, in sheer desperation she made all the noise
she could to keep off the enemy, rolling rocks down the moun-
tain and calling. She was thus engaged when she heard the
shouts of the returning men.
On the Idaho trip Mr. and Mrs. Bemis tried hard to
bag a mountain goat, which means the highest and most
dangerous
climbing _ that
can be imag-
ined. It may
also mean
sleeping all
night near the
summit, with-
out food, tent,
bedding or
other protec-
tion than a soli-
tary blanket;
blistered feet,
aching bones,
terrifying haz-
ards, torturing
heat on the climb during the day, and at night a bed in a
snowbank; and, alas! it usually means a vain quest.
“One of our most alarming experiences,’ said Mrs.
Bemis, ‘‘ was a ride we were forced to take through a burn-
ing forest. On every side the flames snatched at us, and,
worst of all, from the ground. Burning logs lay across the
trail, and over them the horses had to step or jump. A log
two feet in diameter, covered with leaping flames, does not
make an alluring hurdle. My horse took them bravely and
steadily, but I was afraid my skirt would catch fire, and I
was kept busy holding it away from the flames. I was also
afraid my horse’s tail would be burned, and I kept watching
to save him from that.
‘‘ Burning trees were falling all around us, across the trail
and in every direction. The guides went ahead of us, strik-
ing the trees we were to pass to see if they were yet ready to
fall, and to guard, if possible, against our being struck by
one on its descent. Even with that precaution we were liable
402 AMERICAN HOMES
peat eee ae
After a Hard Day of Unsuccessful Hunting
to be killed by the crash of some large burning trunk. We
rode thus for hours, and when we finally reached the open
we were exhausted.
‘“ When we went back over the same trail later, after
the fire had completed its ravages and died out, we found
the route almost impassable. The trail was blocked at
almost every step by fallen trees lying in every direction.
Any one of them might have given us a death blow.”
The riding costume which this daring woman wears in
the mountains is a divided skirt of gray or brown covert
cloth and a shirt waist. Her regular hunting suit is of
corduroy trimmed with flat bands of soft leather, which
also serve to reinforce it; but corduroy is too heavy for
the divided skirt, which is partly double. Each suit is
made with a jacket; but these are seldom worn, as a knit
woolen jersey blouse is the ideal garment to slip on over
a shirt waist. Knickers are also useful at times.
A heavy felt hat, with a wide, stiff brim, is the best
headgear to wear when riding through woods or brush,
as the brim is a great protection to the face. In the open
the wide brim is a nuisance, for it catches all the wind.
It should then be discarded for a smaller hat of soft felt
with just enough brim to shield the eyes from the sun.
A woman who would hunt big game must be alert and
uncomplaining. Men usually take her under protest, or, at
best, with serious apprehensions; hence she must not only
refrain from adding to their cares, but she must prove
herself a source of joy by being quick to see and point out
Fantail Camp, on Bear Creek
GARDENS December, 1905
every attractive feature of the trip. She
must be ready for any emergency and must
have a disposition that saints will envy.
In return she gets a new stock of health
and vigor and a new point of view toward
the world.
The Modern Entomologist
THE modern entomologist has become
one of the most valuable and important
agents of modern life. The elder folk of
to-day, who recall the insect-collecting
epochs of their early youth, no doubt re-
gard the evolution of the contemporary
‘insect man ’’ as one of the marvels of our
time. And quite rightly. The modern en-
tomologist knows many things which his
Ready to Leave Goat Camp
predecessors did not dream of. He knows
how useful some insects are and he is keenly
alive to the dangers of others. His work
in both fields has been of extraordinary
value and utility. The study of the insect
world has yielded great results, and future
researches promise to be even more notable
and sensational in the facts that will be dis-
covered and the good that will follow. In-
sects are now pitted against other insects.
The dangerous qualities of such insects as
mosquitoes have been established beyond
controversy. The insect kingdom has not
yet been mastered. ‘here is much still to
learn, many facts yet to be discovered, foes
unearthed, remedies applied; but the whole
tendency of modern entomological work is
forward in a very true sense, with notable
returns and work of incalculable value
achieved.
December, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS 403
Science for the Home
Winter Sanitation
SSS
BEN HE observance of sanitary rules are apt to
“N\ be considered more pressing in summer than
in winter, yet it is quite as essential to be on
guard against sanitary dangers in the cold
season as in the warm months. ‘The venti-
lation problem, for example, 1 is much more
difficult of solution in winter than in summer, and is fre-
quently neglected altogether. Most houses are ventilated in
the summer without any care, and often without any thought;
the windows are open constantly: what more can be needed?
Perhaps little enough at that season, but the situation is very
different in winter, when the windows must be kept closed
and when many houses are all but hymetrically sealed. An
expensively-built house will be provided with the means of
artificial ventilation which will permit the interior air to be
kept in good condition without trouble; but a house with-
out any ventilation system needs to be thoroughly aired daily.
This airing should be ample and sufficient, the free air blow-
ing through the rooms long enough to effect a complete
change and remove all unpleasant odors. The kitchen odors
must be entirely eradicated or the house will seem offensive
to every one coming into it. It is an unfortunate truth that
many houses are insuficiently aired and ventilated in the
winter months, because a complete airing of the rooms is
deemed unnecessary or from a mistaken fear of catching cold.
That the heating system is essentially connected with the
ventilation of the house is well understood. Most houses
depend on the heating apparatus for their winter ventilation.
In this connection it may be pointed out that it is essential
that the outdoor air brought into the house through the
heater be obtained from a pure source, and that all sources
of foulness be removed from around the intake. The house
should not be overheated, a common error which is seldom
avoided, but the neglect of which unquestionably occasions
much disease. [hat most houses are too dry in winter was
pointed out in this department last month.
The structure of the house does not escape attention at
this season. Windows and doors must be in good condition.
If the situation is exposed double windows will be required
on the windy sides. ‘This is the time of year that the roofs
are submitted to their severest tests, although the most dif_i-
cult season may be that of the thaws in spring. But the
householder who has neglected his roofs before the winter
sets in will find that he has practised a false economy, and
will doubtless spend some painful hours in trying to correct
errors that can not be well corrected in the cold season. That
water pipes, heater pipes and even gas pipes will freeze at
any time is lamentably likely to happen in the best ordered
household. | Much can be done by proper foresight, and
nothing should be left undone that might in any way help
in the avoidance of these most awkward of all domestic
catastrophies.
If a house is closed during the winter an expert plumber
or sanitarian should be called in, that everything be left in
proper shape. It will often be found as necessary to prepare
the plumbing for the winter as any other part of the house
is prepared, and the money spent for this purpose is often
well spent. Sewer gas is very liable to be generated in un-
used plumbing apparatus, and too much care can not be taken
to avoid it.
Fires in Country Homes
No house, however well built, is absolutely proof against
fire. The fireproof house is no longer a theoretical struc-
ture, it is true, and many houses are built either on the fire-
proof or slow-burning system; but every house contains large
quantities of inflammable material; there is danger from the
heater, or carelessness in the kitchen; the electric wiring may
be improperly insulated; there are many ways in which the
best of houses may suffer injury from fire, and a very serious
and real problem that confronts every owner of a country
home is protection against fire.
In many cases this must be a personal protection; that is
to say, one for which the owner is personally responsible, a
protection service installed by himself and manned and ap-
plied by his own people. This is particularly true of isolated
houses, situated at some distance from any fire station, and
wholly dependent on local or immediate sources of water
supply.
The volunteer fire departments, while unquestionably the
best that many vital communities can afford, are inherently
deficient in the efficiency of a paid force. The members are
scattered; they can not immediately respond to calls made
upon them; they may not even be at home when the alarm
is given; the alarm system itself may be inefficient; the ap-
paratus may not be kept up to date; there may not be sufh-
cient hose; there are many serious criticisms that can be made
of these organizations, although the intentions of the mem-
bers and subscribers may be of the best, and the protection
intended to be given arranged on the most available plan.
The faults are not the faults of the volunteers, but of the
system under which they necessarily labor.
Owners of large houses, therefore, will do well to provide
their own fire apparatus, at least to a considerable extent.
There should be a double water supply, one within and one
without the house. There should be an ample supply of hose
and a number of chemical fire extinguishers. A ladder
mounted on wheels and kept outside the house may be found
necessary at critical times. There should be force pumps
for directing streams of water against the fire. In short,
every reasonable and proper protection should be arranged
for.
Perhaps even more important than the apparatus is the
knowledge of its use. It is quite useless to supply apparatus
if it is not known how it will be used. Fire drills are there-
fore important, especially if a large number of servants are
kept. Every man should know just what is expected of him
in such an emergency and just what he is to do. ‘The drills
should include the actual use of the apparatus as well as the
part each one is expected to take.
In smaller houses less elaborate provision against fire will
be made, but only because of the expense of installing much
apparatus. In any event, every country house should be pro-
vided with some sort of fire extinguishing apparatus which is
at least as effective as far as it goes. It should be conveniently
placed and its workings understood by every one.
404
AMERICAN HOMES
AND GARDENS
December, 1905
The Garden
The Garden Month by Month—December
HE end of the calendar year serves to
strengthen the impression that the flower
gardener has been gathering during the past
month, that for him and for her there is
little rest. The flower lover must be con-
sistent and love her flowers the whole year.
There are no periods of rest, no times of respite. ‘The work
varies from month to month; in one month it will be more
laborious than others, but there is always something to do,
always care to be expended, always trouble to be taken.
To the genuine flower lover these are matters of small
moment, yet it is well to refer to them, since not a few per-
sons have the notion that flower-growing is an easy art, an
occupation for delicate women or fragile old folk. Nothing
could be further from the truth; for it is a laborious, constant
task, entailing work at all seasons, and in season and out of
season. It has, however, superb recompenses, and _ these
more than compensate for any effort put forth.
The winter months are trying times to the amateur flower
grower, especially to those who have no good or proper
place in which to rear plants. House plants, even of the
commonest sorts, are difficult to maintain through the cold
weather. There are two causes which render house culture
exceedingly difficult. One is the presence of gas within the
house, with which must be joined the absence of moisture;
and the other is the great difference which may exist in the
temperature of the rooms in day and night, or even in dif-
ferent days.
It is impossible to suggest remedies for these matters
Winter
WHEN unable to work in the garden—think about it.
There is no better advice for the winter months, and there is
nothing more agreeable that one can do. ‘The great aim of
garden making is the creation of beauty. There is no such
thing as failure in garden-making, for any garden which is not
a success is not a garden at all, but a failure. It is a very sad
failure, too, for its ill-success is visible evidence of neglected
opportunities. Moreover, the most discouraged of us would
fain hide one’s failures and not blazen them forth to the
world. The unsuccessful garden, unfortunately, may readily
be seen.
Now, to make a garden a success it is necessary to care-
fully plan every part of it. Just as the architect will draw
out every detail of the house he is building before the founda-
tions are dug, so the garden-maker must think out his plans,
commit them to paper, criticise them, perhaps begin afresh,
and so on with continual labor and improvement, hoping
that each new change will be a betterment, and not discour-
aged because his paper plans can be thrown to one side and
new ones begun without any special loss.
If one happens to be a beginner there is a host of things
to learn. And there are many ways in which this knowledge
may be acquired. Too many. One speedily feels for the
books, papers, magazines and catalogues which are dedicated
to the garden art are filled to the brim with fascinating infor-
mation—so fascinating that one’s modest dreams are speedily
shattered, and on their crumbling fragments are reared
gardens of ravishing beauty destined to rival those of legend
which will have any universal application, or which will be
generally or specifically effective. The single, practical sug-
gestion that is available is to do the best that can be done.
Gas is readily detected by most persons, but human beings
appear able to survive its injurious effect more easily than
plants do. When a house is heated by hot air, special pains
must be taken to immediately get rid of coal gas the moment
it comes up into the rooms or serious and permanent injury
will be inflicted upon the plants.
A proper supply of moisture is more difficult to regulate,
since the importance of this feature of the winter house is
less understood and less generally regulated. Few plants
will survive a winter in a dry atmosphere. It is a matter
that can not be regulated by merely pouring water on the
pots and is a difficult subject at all times.
Variations in temperature are also difficult to control.
Most houses are colder at night than in the daytime. The
relationship this bears to plants is simply that some will sur-
vive quite radical changes, while others will not. Delicate
plants will rarely survive many changes of temperature, no
matter how well other conditions may be met.
House plants, even with the best of care, easily wear out
and become unfit for use. This applies in large houses,
where there are house gardeners, as well as to more modest
surroundings. It is always a safe rule not to try to keep too
many plants over the winter, and especially not to expect too
much life from them. It is a pity to discard a good plant;
but even a few weeks of association with it will give satis-
faction, and the next venture may be more successful.
Work
and poetry. ‘The garden enthusiast soon becomes a garden
dreamer. He fills his garden with all sorts of beautiful,
rare plants, plants difficult to grow, plants of unusual
character, but all so easy—once one has the knack of raising
them and the patience to follow the cultural directions.
All this is an agreeable pastime for the winter months,
but before the snows and frosts have thawed away it will
be well to come down to mother earth, dispense with the
intoxication of flower dreams, and reduce one’s ideas to a
careful order, keeping well within the beaten track and not
trying too much. In a second or a third year more may be
done; but as a starter, try as little as you can.
In practical work the garden maker finds little to do in
the winter. ‘The growing plants should be carefully watched
and an occasional glance given to the dry roots in the cellar.
Growing plants that are developing should be turned from
time to time to insure symmetrical growth. Dead leaves
should be taken off; parts that seem to promise undue de-
velopment should be pinched; little water is needed, but the
plants should not be permitted to dry out. Hanging plants,
which always need more water than those in pots, should be
dipped and allowed to absorb all they can. Sunshine should
be permitted abundantly, the plants being moved if all do
not receive an equal share. Do not water the roots of cannas
or dahlias, and cut off promptly any diseased parts of canna
roots. A keen watch must be kept for insect pests at all
seasons and must be got rid of at all costs. This last is the
most tiresome kind of garden work but the most necessary.
December, 1905
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
405
Civic Betterment
Private Work for the Public Good
HE doing of public work at private expense,
a work which benefits the person who meets
the cost, as well as the general public which
is benefited by it, raises some interesting
questions. Ave such expenditures justified?
If a wealthy property owner desires some
piece of public work performed, a street or road laid out, a
job of paving, a row of trees planted, or any sort of work
which while useful to him is also of permanent benefit to
others or to a locality, a very obvious way is to have it done
at his own cost. ‘The method is obvious, of course, to those
who do not have to foot the bill, but the wisdom of per-
mitting such undertakings can readily be questioned.
Every community has a responsibility to itself. The
fundamental idea of local self-government is that the local
body shall duly care for the lives and property included
within the limits of its powers. The political body must
assume full responsibility for everything committed to it.
This responsibility is avoided if public improvements are left
to the initiative of private parties, be their intentions what
they may.
The question behind such work is really larger than the
immediate necessity of having it done. That may be urgent
enough, and from the point of view of the benefactor pro-
posing the betterment it may be exactly the thing he most
wishes to do. Operations of this sort lead to the pauperiza-
tion of communities. The avoidance of responsibility be-
comes a public policy, and instead of general progress there
is general retardation. The rich man becomes wearied of
continually benefiting a community that shows no disposition
to help itself.
Public
ONE of the most interesting phases of a better civic life
is indicated by the increased attention given by many Amert-
can communities to providing opportunities for free recrea-
tion as an essential part of the public expenditures and hence
as an essential part of the public life. The progress made in
this direction in the last few years has been remarkable. It is
a movement that has had development in a number of direc-
tions, most of which have been without any related thought,
and yet the sum total, as represented by public appropria-
tions and by opportunities afforded, has reached handsome
proportions and represents a vast amount of opportunities
for good which may be freely availed of by every one at no
individual cost.
Some figures representing the annual expenditures of the
city of New York for recreation purposes will show how far
this movement has progressed in the metropolis and explain
how varied are the interests concerned: For music in the
parks, $50,924; music on recreation piers, $70,206; main-
tenance of recreation piers, $74,574; Central Park
menageries, $30,500; Bronx Zoological Garden, $134,905 ;
Aquarium, $41,500; Brooklyn Museum, $70,000; Metro-
politan Museum of Art and American Museum of Natural
History, $310,000; Harlem Speedway, $18,600; play-
grounds, baths, etc., in parks, $61,000; other bathing and
swimming facilities, $165,540. [hese figures do not include
expenditures for parks, recreation expenditures by the Board
of Education, and other items which might properly be in-
A very different class of benefactions includes gifts to a
community. [he donor of a park bears exactly the same
relationship to a community as the donor of a picture to an
art gallery, or the donor of a statue to a town. All are
benefactors, all do good in making their gifts, and all are
alike entitled to the grateful thanks of the community which
accepts their offerings. There are few public benefactions
more useful or more noble than the gift of a public park,
and it is an interesting fact that such gifts are becoming
much more frequent than was formerly the case. It is a
fine indication of good public interest in the outdoor life.
Public improvements of personal benefit chiefly are to be
ranked in a different class. A man who arranges a great
estate at some distance from the line of communication must
necessarily build roads for his own special use. Such roads
may remain private highways for many years, but if used by
the public at large are public works of more or less general
importance. They constitute an expense that may rightly
be expected of a landowner, since no one save himself is
especially interested in them or is served by them.
No community should undertake a public improvement
and leave its completion to private hands. This is a par-
ticularly ignoble thing to do, yet it is frequently happening
in very excellent localities. Public improvements are some-
times permitted to drag along so long that people grow
tired of them and put the unfinished streets and squares in
order to get rid of the unsightly sights. It is a very mean
piece of public “ graft,” and quite uncalled-for. Self-respect
is quite as necessary in matters of this kind as in personal af-
fairs. The community can not afford to accept gifts that
may entail unexpected returns at some future time.
Sport
cluded under this general head, but they illustrate sufficiently
the very large appropriations New York makes toward this
end, as well as the varied interests represented in this ex-
penditure.
As a matter of fact, the recreation facilities freely afforded
the people in New York are much more extensive, since
private enterprise has not lagged behind public leadership,
and in a number of cases the public appropriation has super-
seded and expended moneys previously provided by private
means. The exhibit is an interesting one in itself and also
as an indication of a very pronounced modern tendency. It
means a positive recognition of the value of sport and play in
civic life. It means that play as well as work is recognized,
and handsomely recognized, as having distinct civic worth.
It means that not only the children but the grown folk as
well must have opportunities for healthful recreation in our
crowded cities, recreation that they can not supply themselves
with alone, but for which public opportunities must be
provided.
It is a movement of the utmost significance, because it
indicates a new departure in public life, a new conception of
the relationship that should exist between the municipality
and the people who live in it. It would be too much to
commend all the disbursements of New York under this head
as wise and good, but the underlying idea is of the very best.
It is noble work that, within certain somewhat narrow limits,
is well done. ‘The future, in this direction, is very bright.
406
The
AMERICAN HOMES
Observer's
AND GARDENS
December, 1905
Note-Book
Architects, Old and New
HERE are many ways in which people who
build houses may be classified. For the
present purpose we may consider them from
the one point of view, those that hate archi-
tects and those that do not. It is amazing
how widespread is the prejudice which often
exists against architects. Some one—the prejudice is so old
it may be antediluvian—seems to have started the notion that
architects were unnecessary incumbrances of the earth.
Very excellent buildings indeed may be pointed out—even
to-day—of whom the architect is quite unknown and perhaps
always will be unknown.
The inference is logical and obvious: they were built with-
out architects. ‘‘ Name me the architect,” is the triumphal
demand, “‘ and I will admit an architect did this work.”’ But
it is sometimes impossible to do that, and thus the supporter
of the non-architect theory retains his own views and his own
appreciation of his mental discernment.
There are some people it is impossible to argue with. You
meet them every day. Their knowledge is abundant, pene-
trating, self-satisfying and whole-absorbing. It is doubtless a
fine frame of mind to have, for there are many persons who
know so little, that to meet one who knows surely, positively
and really gives a freshness to life that is as invigorating as
it is rare. The architect haters come in this class. It is
useless to talk with them, for they KNOW —-spelled in the
largest letters, Mr. Printer, if you please. ‘There is literally
no room for converts here, but it may not be useless to review
the general situation as a possible help to the non-diffusion of
such notions.
It seems to be an historic fact, that the cataloguing of
architects, their ways, their means, their deeds, their relations
to buildings, their personal efforts, their contribution to
knowledge, science and art, is a comparatively modern thing.
The word architect itself is comparatively modern, and no
one will dare say for certain just what sort of a person the
architect of classic and of medieval times was.
If he was anything like the modern article, he was a culti-
vated, agreeable gentleman, of polished manners, knowing
more of building than of anything else, a charming fellow
to know and quite well satisfied with himself, and with others
also if he had a multiplicity of jobs. In all these matters he
may have had a close resemblance to the modern architect,
but it will be safe to affirm that he earned his wages by more
personal exertion. He very likely did not have a staff of
office assistants who took the drudgery of labor from his
shoulders, who did all the work, while he got all the glory.
Whatever he was he was a hard-working man, himself daily
on the scaffold, directing and working, in charge of every-
thing, but fully capable and competent to do everything
himself.
The modern architect is very different. He has the
singular advantage of being required only to work with his
head. He does not do things himself, but he tells others
what to do. He does not have to find out things, but he
asks others about them and puts the charge for acquiring this
knowledge into his little bill, which the client duly pays. His
mental efforts may be accomplished with little visible exertion,
but the final results are eminently visible, being, in fact, struc-
tures of permanent material which are set up on the face of
the earth and destined to last a considerable time.
This is a very agreeable operation, for it aids in spreading
forth his fame and perhaps wins him new clients. The latter
result does not always follow, for his achievements may not
be pleasing and no one may want any more of it. This is
a distressing state of affairs, and one difficult to remedy, for
an architect without clients is,as a poet without readers; that
is to Say, unappreciated, unknown, without means of support.
But getting back to older architects, it may be pointed out
that the contention that the medieval cathedrals had no archi-
tects has long been punctured as an absurd legend without
force or truth to support it. It is true enough they had no
single architect, as most modern buildings have, but the
records of the past have yielded up many an old craftsman
who was master builder of the church with which his name
has now come to be associated. This, at least, we know posi-
tively, and we should have known it intuitively, since never
was an idea more absurd than that the great churches of the
medieval period—the most glorious structures in stone ever
built by human hands—simply were built, without directing
guidance and without definite end and aim.
So we know there were architects, for such the master
builder must have been; but we know less of his actual rela-
tionship to the work, less as to what he actually did, less as to
his own personal part in the planning and building. Here,
of course, we have no guide, and can only depend on con-
jecture—a sorry enough leader, but all we have. It is safe,
however, to assume that the master builder’s part was an im-
portant one. He did not sit down and draw out the whole
structure by rule and compass. He did not design, or have
designed by his draftsmen, designs for ornament and detail,
which is now the usual course in every architect’s office. He
perhaps did not concern himself with sanitation, for of that
science no one, in his day, knew anything at all. He knew
nothing of science, for science is modern and belongs to our
own time. But he knew how to build, for his buildings tell
us so; and he knew how to build permanently, for many of
them have lasted a prodigious time—longer than many of us
want the works of some modern architects to last.
He was, therefore, a real person, doing real work, doing
it finely, often with true genius, and generally in a way that
has excited the universal admiration of all who have seen it,
old and young, medieval and modern. But it was the work
itself which excited interest, not the architect himself. He,
poor chap, fell into forgottenness, and only his bare name
has been recovered in our own time through patient toil and
skilled study.
The modern architect thinks of himself first. Show him a
new building, and his first question will be, Who was the
architect? And if he doesn’t happen to like that architect
he will immediately tell you—not for publication—what he
did that was bad, and what he ought to have done which he
hadn’t. If the building has real merit, that may be referred
to last, but often in a grudging spirit, as though some other
—unnamed person—could have done better had he been af-
forded an opportunity.
Perhaps he could. There is often room for betterment in
this vale of woe and sea of tears we call mother earth. The
point is of value chiefly as illustrating the horrid modern
spirit which too often dominates things architectural and
sets people against architects. Any man who does anything
is entitled to credit for what he has done. If an architect
builds a good building, by all means give him all the praise,
all the commendation, all the reward possible.
December, 1905 ANTE RVGAN “EOMES
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AND GARDENS 407
Architecture is
a profession. It
has its code of
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of good building
material is a part
} of the code of the
good architect.
We know good
architects know
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roofing tin. We
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They save 30% in labor and are sold at attractive prices.
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CHICAGO
408 ATMERICAN HOMEIS
AND GARDENS
December, 1905
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THE HOME TELEPHONE
ERHAPS no modern aid to housekeeping
P is so keenly appreciated as the telephone.
It is an amazing convenience and help.
It saves time. It keeps one easily in touch
with the outer world. It effects an economy
of steps. It is useful in a hundred useful
ways. It is so extremely useful that the won-
der is, not that so many houses and apartments
are equipped with telephones, but that more
of them are not in use.
The telephone, however, has its disadvan-
tages, and it is exactly on this point that the
housekeeper needs to be watchful. ‘The tele-
phone is a time-saver, but in many instances it
means a larger expenditure. ‘This is especi-
ally the case where orders for household sup-
plies are transmitted through it. ‘The butcher,
the baker, the grocer, all welcome the tele-
phone with eager joy. “They can attend to a
dozen telephone calls while personally taking
the orders of a third as many customers. The
goods sent in response to telephone orders are
almost: invariably taken in and seldom re-
turned. ‘The butcher is perhaps most keenly
alive to the advantages of the telephone order
system, for he can send in a little more meat
than has been ordered, or, at a pinch, send
something quite different and which the cus-
tomer would not have taken had she been
making the purchase in his store.
Nor does one always keep as close an ac-
count of telephone orders as those given in per-
son. ‘Telephone orders are seldom booked or
noted at the time by the customer, and hence
one is not always aware of the bills one is in-
curring. Not that charges will be made that
have not been ordered—reputable tradesmen
must be given the credit of being honest—but
one is not apt to fully realize just what one’s
expenses may be.
The telephone, therefore, like all good
things, requires to be carefully and intelli-
gently managed. The most economical mode
of housekeeping is expensive, and while the
telephone will save time and trouble it also
calls for care and attention in its use. No one
can keep house economically without a careful
scrutiny of expenditures. One is apt not to
do this when using the telephone for trans-
mitting orders for household supplies. Yet
this is one of the most important things to be
kept in mind when using this implement.
CORRESPONDENCE,
“Notable Homes” Series
H. M. Y. writes to protest against some of
the illustrations of the interiors of the houses
included in the series of papers on “ Notable
American Homes” as not being in accord with
good taste, and containing not a few articles,
from time to time, that are thoroughly bad in
themselves.
Reply. The writer of this letter entirely
misconstrues the purpose of the papers in ques-
tion. The houses included in that series are not
offered as examples of good architecture, good
decoration, good furnishing, good gardening;
they are not intended to serve as models; they
are simply descriptions of houses, mostly of
some size, which have some points of interest.
They illustrate, in a general way, the most im-
portant domestic work being done to-day by
our leading architects. That is to say, the
largest houses, frequently the most costly
houses, often the best work of the architects
under discussion.
This programme is a fair and just one and
needs no defense. Large houses and large
estates are matters of very great public interest.
There are few things of greater general inter-
est than those the public can not gain access
to and of which it knows nothing. Large
houses and large estates to which only a com-
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
December, 1905 409
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December, 1905
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paratively few can have entrance are buildings
and places that excite the utmost curiosity.
Were these houses possessed of no interest as
houses, had they no architectural merit, were
they not interesting to see within as well as
without, it would be simply catering to a
natural curiosity to include them in the con-
tents of this magazine. It would be giving a
fictitious interest to our pages. But, as a
matter of fact, these houses have other points
of interest. “The building of a large house
calls forth the finest skill of the expert archi-
tect. Many of these buildings are thoroughly
notable as examples of domestic architecture,
many of them have the deepest interest as types
of contemporary dwellings, and in many ways
are worthy of serious study, quite apart from
the fact that a Mr. A or Mr. B lives in them,
or that the house is simply big, or that the
estate includes so many acres.
As a matter of fact, the creation of a great
modern estate calls for the best that the crea-
ting and governing mind can give. Let it be
granted that some large houses to-day are built
that have not the interest that should be the
result of large expenditure. ‘This still hap-
pens, and is likely to happen for some time to
come. But the actual number of such in-
stances is rapidly decreasing. Hence there are
very few “ great”’ houses that are devoid of
interest, very few that, as houses, have not real
interest to the general reader as well as to the
architect.
Most large property owners are content to
leave the external design and the entire struc-
tural design to their architects. A very differ-
ent condition prevails as to the furnishings and
interior decorations. A highly trained and
skilful architect may be commissioned to de-
sign a house, and the furnishing given to
another party or undertaken by the owners
themselves. | Architects often supervise the
furnishings of a house, but not always, and it
would be exceedingly unfair to attribute to any
architect the effect of the furnishing of a house
unless this work was positively known to be
his.
Hence the astonishing crudities and anachro-
nisms that are frequently seen in photographs
of house interiors, large and small, modest and
great. It is impossible to tell how these ob-
jects found their present resting places, nor the
circumstances under which they were obtained.
If any one, as our correspondent, does not like
them, it is a matter of congratulation for the
superior discernment in questions of furnish-
ings. But if you happen not to like a par-
ticular lamp, let us suggest, do not blame
AmeRICAN Homes AND GARDENS for it.
There is another question suggested by our
correspondent’s letter which might be referred
to here. Mr. Ferree’s articles are descriptive
and not critical. The difference between a
descriptive article and a critical one is very
great. “The scope of each is distinct, and com-
pletely so. “These articles are based on per-
sonal visits to the houses described, supple-
mented, in most cases, with talks with the
owners and the architects. It is impossible to
prepare critical articles under such circum-
stances. One can not go into another’s house
for the purpose of describing it in a magazine
and then find fault with what one sees. Our
correspondent should be aware of this without
expressing surprise that no criticism is offered.
This series of descriptions of “‘ Notable Ameri-
can Homes” is notable not only because the
houses illustrated in it are notable, but because
the articles themselves are notable. “These
descriptions are by far the most complete that
are being published to-day, and AMERICAN
Homes AND GarDENS believes they give pleas-
ure to its many readers and add greatly to the
interest of its pages.—EDITOR.
December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 411
FIFTY SUGGESTIONS FOR
RHE HOUSE
22. The Size of Rooms
THE point of greatest hygienic importance
is, not how many rooms a person has, but how
much room. A small room may be over-
crowded with a single person in it, while a
large room is not overcrowded with four to six
persons in it. ‘The question of the dimensions
of the room is of the greatest importance.
The minimum amount of cubic space allow-
able for sleeping-rooms per adult person is 10
cubic meters, though a room of 25 cubic meters
is far more desirable. It is evident that a
room 3 meters high is more easily ventilated
than one that is 10 meters high with the same
amount of air space. Sleeping-rooms should
be at least 2.75 meters high, though a height
much in excess of 3 meters is not desirable.
A room less than 2 meters in height is not suit-
able for a sleeping-room. The floor space of
a sleeping-room should be at least 3 square
meters. The living-rooms of a house should
possess a cubic space of at least 12 cubic meters
for each occupant, though an allowance of 30
cubic meters is preferable—Dr. D. H.
Burgey.
23. Ventilating the Billiard-room
A BILLIARD-ROOM is very often difficult to
ventilate because of the large amount of glass
in the lantern which is necessary for lighting
the table, and the enormous quantity of gas
which is necessary for lighting. The first
thing which should be done, wherever possible,
is to substitute electricity for gas; this will
simplify matters considerably. In order to
prevent a down draught from the cold air
round the glass, a “lay-light,” or horizontal
glass ceiling, may be placed below the lantern,
and the space thus formed warmed by a coil
of hot-water pipes, so as to rouse an up cur-
rent, which can be taken through an ordinary
extract ventilator. Fresh air should, of course,
be made to enter by means of ventilating radia-
tors from, if possible, the four corners of the
room. If hot-water heating is not desired a
ventilating grate may be used, the lay-light
made air-tight, several Sheringham inlets placed
in the walls, and the extract obtained by a
special foul-air flue in the chimney-breast, with
possibly a “ pilot-light,” or gas jet, to acceler-
ate the current.—B. F. and H. P. Fletcher.
24. Concrete
ConcRETE should be composed of pure
clean water, broken stones, or ballast or clean
pit gravel, with such a proportion of sharp
sand as will fill the voids between the stones or
gravel; and this latter should not be larger
than such as will pass through a ring one and
three-quarter inches in diameter. The pro-
portion should never be less for Portland
cement than one to six parts of stones and
sand combined, and the concrete should be
thrown into position steadily and as evenly as
possible and tamped down in layers not more
than twelve inches thick. The concrete for
floors, pavements, roof-gardens, or roofs
should be made in the proportion of one part
Portland cement, four parts of broken brick,
slag or other porous aggregate, and should be
small enough to pass through a three-quarter
inch ring; but no sand should be used. Fine
ashes from the smith’s forge make the best
material for this purpose, but it should not ex-
ceed in bulk one-third of the whole mass.
The concrete should be laid in position gradu-
ally and continually until the whole work is
done, and should be tamped concurrently as
laid in place.—Fred T. Hodgson.
2 pe gee Pig ) pi fe
0 bis a 4
- a> % se ee” * . Ss
Seas hed w’ 52 55 site s hee ee ¥ ?
Teeny, i on, i ge? Pre ON”
SE RL Le
LYVOLA RIPE OLIVES
A New, Dainty, Appetizing, Healthful Food.
They will please the most jaded palate, and an invalid may eat them freely and with relish.
They are the ripe fruit from the sun-kissed olive trees of California. They are full of life-giving olive oil, absolutely
pure, just as it comes from the refinery of nature. But the ‘¢ olive oil taste’’ is entirely absent. They are delicious,
They are beautiful in color, rich in aroma, luscious to taste. They are a perfectly natural food for which the system
yearns ; you do not have to cultivate a taste for them.
LYVOLAS are the olives that yield the pure olive oil, the oil that builds up wasted tissue, and makes for
health and strength. When you eat them you get your full quota of pure olive oil ina food that you can relish,
The world has known ripe olives since it has known man, but you have never eaten them unless you live where
olives grow. LYVOLA Ripe Olives are the first successful attempt to give ripe olives to the people outside of the country
where they grow. They are not the kind of olive with which you are familiar—the green, indigestible olive pickle of
commerce; they are totally different, and infinitely better.
You cannot buy them of your grocer—the present supply is limited—but you can get them or free descriptive
booklet from the PWVOLA OLIVE COMPANY, Dept. O, Rochester, New York.
Packing Plant and Orchards, Los Angeles, Cal.
Before You Build—
while you are considering it—just think about the hardware. It is important that you use locks
that are durable and will last while the building stands. Sargent’s Easy Spring Locks stand just
such a test as this—the test of constant daily use.
Sargent’s cArtistic Hardware .
will add to the beauty of the woodwork and ‘‘set off’? the charms of your home. It is handsome
and durable, correct in design and properly proportioned—the kind of hardware that pleases the
architect who specifies it and the man who uses it. The day of poor hardware for good buildings is
past. Sargent’s Book of Designs, sent free on request, will help you in the selection of good hardware.
SARGENT & COMPANY, “Arist Handware, 156 Leonard Street, New York
Fs.
dea
Hinges
For Double Acting Doors in Public Buildings, Residences, etc.
The New Idea Jamb Hinge has a center fixed pintle which keeps the door
from sagging and violent oscillation—the only Spring Hinge Specified by
the United States Government in the Capitol Building, White House,
Military Academies, Army Barracks, etc. because it possesses more points
of merit than any other.
New Idea Floor Hinge
has ball bearings and is of best mechan-
ON ical construction, including means for
i Me adjusting spring without removing the
door, The most perfect floor
hingemade. Catalog free.
The Stover Mfg. Co.
137 River St.,
Freeport, IIl., U.S.A.
Sj
412
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
December, 1905
GRIL
| (te
AT,
[Lede
om
nie c
” Tey
LES “DIRECT FROM FACTORY”
FAUT ERS
SUE
No. 225—48 x 12 inches, $3.60.
No. 230—48 x 14 inches, with Curtain Pole,
Retail value, $9.00
Others from $2.50 up. Largest assortment. Division
Screens and special Grilles to order
MANTELS
TILES
of Every Description for Walls, Floors, Etc
buys this solid oak Mantel, 80 in. high, 54 or 60 in. wide
28x16 Mirror. Heavy columns and elaborate capitals.
Tile facing and hearth. Club house grate, $10.00,
Write for catalog of Mantels, Grates, Tiles for floors
and baths, Slate Laundry Tubs, Grilles, etc. It is free.
Or send 10 cents to pay postage on our Art Mantel Cat-
alog. Mantel Outfits from $12 to $200.
W. F. OSTENDORF, 2417 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Pa
Ak
NE
Retail value, $7.00
$4.50.
Uniform Temperature
It makes no difference whether you have furnace, steam or hot water apparatus}
or whether it is new or old. All you need is the
MINNEAPOLIS HEAT REGULATOR.
It automatically controls the drafts. A change of one degree at the thermostat is
sufficient to operate the dampers. This device is as simple and no more expensive than a
good clock. It embodies economy, comfort and health. Has provenits merit for 22 years.
CEDAR FALLS, Iowa.
Enclosed find draft for the amount due for regulator.
Iam very much pleased with the regulator, and would
not part with it for five times what I paid for it, if 1
could not get it otherwise. F. E. MILLER,
Ass’t Cashier, Cedar Falls National Bank,
Six years ago I installed one of your regulators in my house, and I cannot praise it sufficiently. I can safely say
it has saved me two tons of coal each season, and I have always retained an even temperature throughout the
house. FRANK S. SMITH, Secretary Board of Health Warwick, N. Y.
SENT ON 30 DAYS ABSOLUTELY FREE TRIAL.
W. R. SWEATT, Secretary,
Ist. Ave. and GSt, Minneapolis, Minn
BERWICK, PA., Jan. 17. 1902.
Find enclosed check for regulator. I have given ita
thorough trial, and find it all you claim for it and a very
usefuldevice. Thanking you for your courtesy for the
period of trial. FRANK FAUST.
If not satisfactory in every way, return at our
expense. Writetoday. Booklet free.
S
It’s automatic
is the
Best
House Door
ail
Hanger
SOLD BY HARDWARE TRADE
Lane
made
Other Styles for
Less Money
Send for Catalog
434-466 Prospect Street
Brothers Company 4 POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y.
HAIR>
Guarantee Backed by the Bank.
THE EVANS VACUUM CAP is simply a mechanical
means of obtaining a free and normal circulation of’ blood
in the scalp, and the blood contains the only properties
that can maintain life in the hair and induce it to grow.
If the Evans Vacuum Cap gives the scalp a healthy glow
and produces a pleasant, tingling sensation, then the normal
condition of the scalp can be restored, and a three or four
minutes’ use of the Cap each day thereafter will, within a
reasonable time, develop a natural and permanent growth of
hair. If, however, the scalp remains white and lifeless after
the Cap is removed, then the case would bea hopeless one regardless of all the infallible hair restorers advertised.
The Vacuum Method is what might be described as a vigorous massage without the rubbing and there are
no drugs or irritants employed. The Cap is furnished on trial and under guarantee issued by the Jefferson Bank
of Saint Louis,
and any bank or banker will testify as to the validity of this guarantee. We have no agents.
and no one is authorized to sell, offer for sale or receive money for the Evans Vacuum Cap—all orders come
through the Jefferson Bank.
Let us send you a book which explains the possibilities of the invention, and
also evidence of the results it has achieved. This book is sent freeon request and we prepay postage in full.
EVANS VACUUM CAP CO.,
1218 Fullerton Building, SAINT LOUIS, VU. S. A.
NEW BOOKS
American Park Systems
THE EXISTING AND Propos—ED OUTER PARK
SYSTEMS OF AMERICAN Cities. Report
of the Philadelphia Allied Organizations.
By Andrew Wright Crawford and Frank
Miles Day. Philadelphia, 1905.
This is a remarkable document in many
ways. It is the first and most comprehensive
study of park systems yet made in America.
Thirty parks, in as many cities in the United
States and Canada, are described and noted,
and the systems of most of these illustrated in
maps printed in colors, which show, at a
glance, the extent of the various parks and
their relationship to their own city. As a book
of maps and plans alone this pamphlet has ex-
traordinary value, while as a general picture
of the park movement it is equally serviceable.
Not the least interesting fact connected with
it is the long list of local Philadelphia organi-
zations which have united in its production.
No city is so dowered with petty jealousies as
is the famous Pennsylvania metropolis. It is
generally supposed by those outside its borders
that persons living on one side of a certain
street will not hold converse with those resid-
ing beyond it. Whether this ancient joke is
true or not, Philadelphia is a city of intense
personal and organic jealousy, and that nearly
fifty different bodies should have joined hands
on the park question, and should have met the
expense of the publication of this pamphlet,
is a happy indication of newer, broader condi-
tions in a city long famed for its narrowness,
as well as noteworthy evidence of the hold
that parks, as useful adjuncts to the munici-
pality, has gained on this most conservative of
communities. If such a result can be ob-
tained on such unlikely soil it is not unreason-
able to look for equally good results under
less difficult conditions.
Although the primary purpose of preparing
this report has been the acquisition of a com-
prehensive park system for Philadelphia, it has
very great, general value in summing up, both
by means of text and maps, the work now being
done in parks throughout the country. That
the park movement is a very general one has
long been known, but that it is quite so general,
that so many admirable results have been ob-
tained through the co-operation of many
organizations and by disinterested effort and
foresight has not before been so clearly set
forth. The authors of this pamphlet are con-
tent with describing what exists, such con-
clusions as they draw having special reference
to their own local problems in Philadelphia.
It is not suggested that every city is doing its
best or that the best results are always ob-
tained; but it is at least established that such
good work is being done almost everywhere,
and a perusal of this book makes very clear
the fact that there is the widest public interest
in parks, and that their future development
will be on more intelligent lines and with
greater regard for the future than was the case
when public parks began to be laid out. May
the good work prosper!
~ Carnations and Pinks
CARNATIONS, PICOTEES AND THE WILD AND
GarDEN Pinks. Written by several
authorities and edited by E. T. Cook.
London, 1905. Imported by Charles
Scribner’s Sons. Pp. 12+162. Price,
$1.25 net.
One hardly needs a book, no matter how
ably prepared and full of interest it may be,
to excite one’s interest in these exquisite and
December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND. GARDENS 413
Why Not Utilize the Waste Heat for the Drying of the Clothes ?
This Is Accomplished by the Use of the
Chicago Combined Dryer and Laundry Stove
One Fire Heats Water, Heats Flat Irons,
Boils Clothes, and Dries the Clothes by
what would ordinarily be waste heat.
Substantially constructed of metal
throughout and absolutely fire-proof,
Made in all sizes. No residence or other
institution is complete without this
apparatus. Send for Catalogue.
We also make
y Dryers heated by GAS, STEAM and
HOT WATER, Suitable for Residences,
Flat Buildings and Public Institutions.
Chicago Clothes Dryer Works
340-342 Wabash Ave., Chicago 134-136 W. 24th St., New York City
W. & J. SLOANE
CARPETS MADE BY HAND
French Aubusson Carpet. Style Louis XIV.
HE luxurious furnishings of the modern home demand the highest grade of
floor coverings. “They must also possess these three important features :
perfect harmony of color, correct style of design, and appropriate size.
@ In this connection we offer our unequaled facilities, enhanced by years of
experience and wide foreign connections, for the execution of orders for carpets
or rugs in the French Aubusson and Savonnerie, Berlin, Turkey and other
weaves. [he designs are prepared by our own artists to maintain the style of
decoration in the carpet or rug, and the fabric is woven in one piece to fit the
room where it is to be used.
@ We have in stock at all times a large collection of these beautiful floor cover-
ings, especially woven by us in styles of the periods.
No Catalogues Are Issued. — Full Details Given Upon Application
886 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
CAREFULLY conducted experi-
ments, ranging over many years,
have proved conclusively that the
liberal use of PorasnH is essential
to the production of big yields of
full-eared corn.
Let us send you our practical books telling of these and
many other careful crop-feeding tests; they are free to
farmers without any cost or obligation. Send name and
address.
Address, GERMAN KALI WORKS,
93 Nassau Street, New York.
RUNNING WATER IN YOUR COUNTRY HOME
= [Pumps water by water-power] RIFE AUTOMATIC
peat ea HYDRAULIC RAM. NoAttention. No Expense. Runs
2 Continuously. Complete system extending to stable, green-
house, lawn, fountains and formal gardens. Operates under
18 in. to 50 ft. fall. Elevates water 30 ft. for every foot fall
- used. Eighty per cent. efficiency developed.
re-sertad Over 4,500 plants in successful operation.
Large plants for towns, institutions, railroad
tanks and irrigation. Catalog ©& estimates free
RIFE ENGINE CO., 111 Broadway, N.Y.
A. W. FABER
Manufactory Established 1761
Lead Pencils, Colored Pencils, Slate Pencils,
Writing Slates, Inks, Stationers’ Rubber
Goods, Rulers, Artists’ Colors
78 READE STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y.
GRAND PRIZE, Highest Award, PARIS, 1900
Racine Brass & Iron Co.
RACINE, WIS.
Tron, Bronze and Aluminum
Castings for Automobiles
Woter Jacket Cylinders a Specialty.
Correspondence Solicited
ALL Makes $1570 $ 75
‘GUARANTEED: CATALOGUE FREE
Puita.Ty PEWRITER EXCHANGE
>» PHILADELPHIAS PITTSBURG.
“ae D. Dorendort ‘Citiy’
MANUFACTURER OF
Flag Poles, Copper Weather Vanes
and Special Copper Cable
Lightaing Conductors
145 CENTRE ST.,NEW YORK
Take of f your Hat to the Mc
For whether you need-Hand” or Power |
Se C Pumps, Hay Tools;Sfore Ladders, Gate
; Hangers-or—Pump Fixtures ‘
MYERS’ are Always Best
Wan -
gH) Ni Quality and Service is the Myers slogan—
ey | q you've always got your money’s worth and &
bi |
J
j bargain besides when you buy from MYERS,
4 380-Page Catalog with close prices FREE.
A Ske fF. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio
Stationaties, Portables, Hoisters, Pumpers, Sawing and
Boat Outfits, Combined with Dynamos.
Gasoline, Gas, Kerosene.
Send for Catalogue.
State Power Needs.
CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO. BOX 69, STERLING, ILL.
a 5
‘<
WAVY AND CURLY HAIR
May positively be obtained without the aid of curling irons by the use 0
Mrs. Mason's Old English Hair Tonic.
Send stamp for interesting booklet on the preservation of the hair.
MRS. MASON, 36 West 34th St., New York City
vans
AMERICAN HOMES
Something New!
A washable and per-
fectly sanitary wall cover-
ing. Cloth foundation fin-
ished in oil
colors. Best
walle cover
ing forkitch-
en, spam tiiy,
bathroo m,
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where a
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ors and tiles in dull, var- Goods Trade and Oil]
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Plain colors in oil admi-
trably adapted to ceiling
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Hides
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For sale by the Dry
Cloth Dealers.
Standard Table Oil Cloth Co.,
320 Broadway, New York City.
TWO BEST SSSA IN THE WORLD
= TCTORIAL
SLSHINGLEL
surance.”
An Architect said the other day—“It doesn’t takelong to
convince a man that he wants a CORTRIGHT ROOF when
you can show him a saving of 10% on the single item of in-
That’s only one advantage. Catalog.
CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO., Philadelphia C2, Chicago
OF EVERY , DESCRIPTION.
SEND fORCATALOGUE.
AND GARDENS
December, 1905
beautiful plants. But a good book on so
lovely a subject must greatly widen the culti-
vation of these plants and tempt those who do
not grow them to plant them in their gardens.
This is exactly the purpose of the volume
which Mr. Cook has edited from two English
garden periodicals. A dozen writers have con-
tributed to the book which thus represents the
expert advice and opinions of as many able
writers. It is a book alive with suggestion
and filled with hints of the most practical
character on the cultivation of the carnation
and pink.
Although pinks and carnations are welcome
in so many ways of gardening, says Mr. Cook,
perhaps their greatest use, other than in wall
and rock work, is as edgings and underplant-
ings to roses, or something of taller stature
than their own. By “ edgings,” he does not
mean straight or stiff borderings only, though
the white pink and its forms are among the
very best plants for this use, but informal
fillings of the outer portions of beds and
borders. Used like this with roses they are
admirable, each plant enhancing the beauty of
the other. ‘They are, he adds, perhaps least
suited for filling up whole beds, unless the beds
are quite small and especially narrow in form.
The book begins with a brief early history
cf the plants, followed by others on the Carna-
tion in the Garden, the Border Carnation, the
Picotee, white and yellow ground, the Mal-
maison Carnation, the Tree or Perpetual
Flowering Carnation, Carnations for Exhibi-
tion, Carnations in Town Garden, Carnation
Growing in America, Diseases of the Carna-
tion, the Pink, the Wild Pinks, and the Pinks
of the Alps. ‘The range of topics is, there-
fore, very complete and thoroughly compre-
hensive.
This is by no means a book on easy methods
of carnation growing; but it presents all the
essential facts of carnation and pink culture.
It is very much more than a guide to ways and
means. Flowers must not only be grown to
produce flowers, but they must be grown in an
artistic way, so that their individual beauty
will contribute its full share to a general effect.
This aspect of carnation cultivation—by no
means its least important aspect—is referred
to on almost every page of this book, the true
and only way of exciting a genuine love for
flowers. It contains a number of half-tone
illustrations, reproduced in an extraordinarily
beautiful way, illustrating individual plants
and their use in the garden.
The Gardens of Italy
THE Garpens oF ITaty. By Charles
Latham, with descriptions by E. March
Phillipps. London: Country Life, Lim-
ited, 1905. New York: Charles Scrib-
ner’s Sons. 2 vols., folio, pp. 159+144.
Price, $18.00 net.
The Italian villa is essentially a pleasure
house, and the Florentines of the Renaissance
spent so much of their time in their villas that
some of their contemporaries considered that
they were insane. Within a radius of twenty
miles of the Tuscan capital there were twenty
thousand estates with eight hundred palaces
built of cut stone. The “ Italian garden” is a
complement of the “ Italian villa,” and when
they are combined the result is one of the most
charming sights in the world. An “ Italian
garden” can be created almost anywhere, but it
is in this wonderful land of an old civilization,
gifted with so transcendent a share of natural
beauty, that this combination of art and nature
is at its best. Glades, woodland, terraces,
December, 1905
BURLINGTON
Venetian Blinds Sliding Blinds
Screens and Screen Doors
Highest Quality - Surest Sellers
Any style of wood for any style of
window.
Backed by the endorsements of
thousands of satisfied custom-
ers. Made on honor. Sold on
merit and guaranteed to give
entire satisfaction.
Proved by actual use to be the
most practical and satisfactory
blinds and screens on the market.
9]
H
eS
Z
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y
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U
Z
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Y
Y}
%
Z
Z
©
For your own best interests and
your customers, send for Free
Booklet Catalogue, giving prices
and full particulars.
BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 LAKE STREET, BURLINGTON, VT.
MARSTON’S
CIRCULAR SAW
Iron Frame, 36 inches high.
CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED,
with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in,
Steel shafts and best Rabbitt metal boxes
Gears are al] machine-cut from solid iron.
Two 7 inch saws and two crank handles with each machine,
Boring table and side treadle,
Weight, complete, 350 Ibs,
Send for catalogue,
J. M. Marston & Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass.
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
THE
“CHAMPION”
LOCK JOINT
|| Metal
| Shingle
| Inexpensive
| Ornamental
4 Durable
ao
MADE BY
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1610 E. Fifth St. CANTON, OHIO
Also Makers of
Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Etc.
UR remarkable recent inventions enable us
to offer the public an intensely brilliant,
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gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and
costing but one-fourth as much as Acetylene.
Most durable and least expensive apparatus to
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Fullest satisfaction guaranteed, and easy terms
The very apparatus for suburban homes, institu-
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fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equiv-
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made to respond to very large demands, also for
lighting towns, etc.
Cc. M. KEMP MFG. CO.,
BALTIMORE, MD.
Locations for Builders
Throughout the Southwest, especially
in Oklahoma and Indian Territories, Ar-
| kansas and Texas, along the line of the
numerous towns and small cities have
sprung up along the many new lines of
the System that have recently been con-
structed, and openings for builders, con-
f tractors, architects and manufacturers in
many lines exist.
Send for a copy of handbook entitled
“ Opportunities,”
WN. Schulter, taustriat Commissioner
Frisco Building St. Louis, Mo.
41
big
bing
ind
. and Scientific
GD At A A A A i A AR A A A A A A A A AR A AB Ah AB AV FO A Ah H
6 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS
December, 1905
Canton
Clothes
Dryer
FOR USE IN
Private Residences, Ho-
tels, Apartment Houses,
Hospitals, Public Institu-
tions, Clubs, Laundries,
etc.
Do not buy a drying cabinet that can not be ventilated while clothes are being dried.
Clothes turn yellow and have an objectionable odor if the moisture and
impure air are not continually carried out of cabinet.
Our special system of heating and ventilating dries clothes in as sanitary a
manner as could be done by the sun and wind.
The most convenient and economical laundry accessory made.
Illustrated catalogue ‘‘E”’ sent free on request.
THE CANTON CLOTHES DRYER & MFG. CO., Canton, O., U.S.A.
NEW YORK AGENCY: 157 West 23d Street, New York City.
Summer Home of Spencer Trask, Esq. "YADDO" Water Supplied by Rife Rams
Rife Automatic Hydraulic Ram
SIMPLEST AND MOST EFFICIENT ENGINE MADE
Water Pumped by Water Power
No Wearing Parts Except Valves
Operates Under 18 Inches to 50 Feet Fall
Elevates Water 30 Feet for Every Foot Fall Used
Runs Continuously. Absolutely Automatic
Plants Installed Under Positive Guarantee
80 Per Cent. Efficiency Developed
Over 5,000 Plants in Successful Operation
Our Specialty 1s Equipping Country Places with Complete System W ater W orks,
extending to Stable, Greenhouses, Lawns, Fountains and Formal Gardens
: Saratoga, N. Y., March 6, 1901.
Gentlemen :—It gives me great pleasure to testify to the excellence of the Rife Ram. After using the rams
of other makers for twenty years, of various sizes, | bought one of yours three years ago. Beginning at the
smallest size, | have gradually displaced the rams of other makers, until now | have various rams in use, all of
your make, from your smallest to the very largest size. They are doing most excellent work, delivering larger
quantities of water than any other ram I have ever used or heard of.
I have recommended them to a large number of persons, and wherever used they have thanked me for the
recommendation. Yours very truly, SPENCER TRASK.
Large Plants for Towns, Institutions and Railroad Tanks
Large Machines for Irrigation —
Rife Hydraulic Engine Co., Suite 2105 Trinity Building, New York
Catalogues and Estimates Free
Fi nbn eb apibin bin nbnb nb nb nb bpm nbs nS mb nbn nb -d
American Homes and Gardens $ pt Regulee
merican Aine fe
$6.00
stonework, all coupled with glorious views,
tend to make a sojourn in Italy among the
most refined and delightful of pleasures. For-
tunately the Italians have kept up their love
for their gardens, even though in all cases they
have not kept their gardens up. Some of these
beautiful spots are overrun with weeds and
the stonework is in ruins, presenting a most
melancholy sight.
The sumptuous volumes before us open up
a new series of thought, which leads the mind
into the realms of the beautiful, which results
in better thoughts, for no one can examine
this work carefully without improving his
ideals, and the wonderful culture of the
Renaissance must have been, in some degree,
dependent on the delightful environment in
which the learned found themselves. The very
titles of the villas conjure up the names of the
great Pico della Mirandola, Poliziano and
Lorenzo de’ Medici, when we mention the
Villa Farnese, Villa Medici, Villa Lante, Villa
Palmieri, Villa Albani, Villa Pamphilj, Villa
Doria, Villa Borghese, Villa Barberini,
Villa d’Este, Villa Torlonia and a score of
others equally famous. The wonderful
growths of ilexes, stone pines, cypress, firs,
box, yews and orange trees have, of course,
much to do with enhancing natural beauties.
The selection of views in the volume is most
admirable, and they are finely reproduced.
There is little to criticize and much to praise
in this admirable work, which appeals to every
lover of the beautiful. To the landscape archi-
tect it is a necessity, to the architect it is a
very desirable book; while to those who own
or are thinking of laying out gardens it is a
vast fund of ideas which can be modified to
meet the requirements of both time and clime.
PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT
Chimneys and Heating
HE draft points specified below, and
Ai often overlooked by heating contrac-
tors, architects and owners, have been
demonstrated by the experts of the Furman
Boiler principle and those of the Henderson
Manufacturing Company, as constituting the
best system of draft, escape of gas, smoke, etc.,
for any heating scheme. A chimney flue to
effect the best results should be round. Next
in order of efficiency comes the square flue,
while the least effective is one of oblong form.
The round flue presents an amount of friction
surface to the smoke and escaping gases equal
to about 3 1-7 times its diameter, the square
flue presents four times its diameter as friction
surface; while the oblong flue’s friction sur-
face increases, beyond that of the square flue,
in direct proportion to the extent of elongation.
As an illustration: In an 8-inch round flue
the friction surface is 25.13 inches and contains
50.265 square inches of area. In an 8-inch
square flue the friction surface is 32 inches
and contains 64 square inches of area; while
in an oblong flue 4x16 inches the friction
surface is 40 inches and the area 64 square
inches. If the square form of flue is desired,
the side of the square should be at least equal
to the diameter of the boiler smoke pipe, as the
corners of the square flue are of practically no
value for the smoke passage, and in very large
flues even become a detriment, in the way of
eddying currents which upset the true course
of smoke and escaping gases. In other words,
the 64 square inches in the 8-inch flue are of
no greater value, if as great, for the smoke
passage than the 50,265 square inches of the
8-inch round flue. In an oblong flue the
depth should never be less than from 6 to 8
inches, even for the smallest flues; and the
length not to exceed 134 times the depth. If
an oblong flue is unavoidable, better results
ia ta al
»,
AMERICAN HOMES
December, 1905
AND GARDENS
417
How Cement Stone Makers Lose Money
A FEW FACTS WHICH WILL BE OF INTEREST
TO MANUFACTURERS OF CEMENT STONE
manufacturing cement stone for building purposes, but how many are
in a position to take a set of plans from an architect and make the
stone to fit said plans ?
Y ‘HERE are to-day large companies in most every part of the world
@ Now, this is just where the manufacturers are losing considerable trade
and money. ‘To be successful in this business it is absolutely necessary to have
a machine that will make hollow stone of all the essential sizes and designs,
water tables, sills, lintels, coping, ornamental, etc., up to six feet long.
@ The demand for water tables, sills and lintels is as great if not greater than
for hollow stone, for many architects specify same for buildings constructed of
other material, and the profits are considerably larger for this class of work.
@ If you could visit one of the many plants scattered throughout the United
States operating
THE HERCULES
@ It makes everything essential for building construction; not that alone, for
it produces stone that is stone,. and at minimum cost. It produces two
stones at one operation, which feature alone reduces your labor item to
almost one-half.
you would immediately
appreciate its superiority.
@ Let us send you our catalogue ‘‘C’’ and tell you all about it.
the means of your saving thousands of dollars yearly.
why not for you?
It might be
It is saving it for others—
@ Write to-day—it means money to you.
CENTURY CEMENT (MACHINE COMPANY
180 WEST MAIN STREET ROCHESTER, NEW YORK
FOO
E
Ww
co
iw
inn
4
lj
paren 5
Hand =
Foot Power
a ac Machinery
—
Our No. 3 Wood Turning’ Lathe
can be speeded from 1,000 to 2,000
revolutions a minute with perfect ease.
Stopped or reversed at will of operator.
WRITE FOR PARTICULARS
W.F. & John Barnes Co.
567 RUBY ST. ROCKFORD, ILL.
SO SHO SHO) CLO CLO CFOCFOCLO COD
Colt’s Universal Clamps
Quick action, adaptation to work, con-
venience of handling.
Espe
ing, and all work requiring
A LONG, BROAD JAW.
Send for Catalogue and Price List.
Adjust themselves to
a beveled as well asa
level surface.
EVERY MANIPULATION
STANDS
TO THEIR CREDIT.
WE VOUCH
FOR THEIR
STRENGTH
OF GRIP AND
MEASURE
OF UTILITY.
cially adapted for veneering, panel-
MANUFACTURED BY THE
BATAVIA CLAMP CO.
19 Center Street,
Batavia, N. Y.
Coftage Designs
@ WITH CONSTRUCTIVE DETAILS
No. 1.
One Dollar Gach, Postpaid.
Cottage Designs ; :
Twenty-five designs, ranging in cost from
$600 to $1,500
Low Cost Houses ‘
Upward of twenty-five selected designs,
originally costing from $750 to 52,500
Modern Dwellings :
Twenty designs, at costs ranging from
$2,000 to $5,000
Suburban Homes lank
Twenty selected designs, ranging in cost
from about $3,000 upward
Sold Separately
Munn & Co., abl Broadway, New York
all
MRS. WINSLOW’S
has been used by Millions of Mothers for their
children while Teething for over Fifty Years.
It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays
remedy for diarrhea.
TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE.
Remington
Typewriter
Lasts.
Therefore
Remington
Supremacy
Lasts.
Remington Typewriter Co.
327 Broadway, New York.
SOOTHING SYRUP
pain, cures wind colic, and is the best
418 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905
This is a rather good picture of the Great Arrow Victoria Tonneau, 40-45
H. P., with semi-enclosed top, made by the George N. Pierce Company.
Price, $5,000. Semi-enclosed top, extra, $350. Cape top, extra, $150.
IVE thousand dollars invested in an Arrow car brings a better return for the money than twice
Fk that amount invested in a foreign car. The prestige of foreign cars, aside of course from admitted
good car construction, is due toa certain sense of pride and satisfaction in owning an imported
and expensive car. Every American gentleman who considers his investment in a touring car on the
basis of the best return for the money will, on investigation, be convinced that the Arrow will give him
more for its cost than any foreign car made. The Arrow is the highest-priced American carmade. But
as the American motorist learns to discriminate, he will consider the additional price a good investment
when it saves both expense and worry. The chief expense of a motor car is the cost of running it. 7 he
record of the Great Arrow, in the Glidden Trophy Tour, of one thousand miles without a single adjust-
ment, is not a phenomenal performance for the Arrow. It is something which any American gentleman,
not an expert chauffeur, can duplicate with a Great Arrow car.
The Arrow, built by Americans, for American roads, American conditions and the American temperament,
offers more to the non-professional American gentleman who looks to his car for enjoyment and pleasure
instead of glory and expense than any other car made, foreign or domestic, high-priced or low-priced.
THE GEORGE N. PIERCE CO., Buffalo, N. Y.
Member Association Licensed Automobile Manufacturers
PIERCE AGENTS EEE
New York Harrold Motor Car Co. Baltimore Southern Auto Co. Springfield, Mass. E.R.Clark Auto Co.
Boston J.W. Maguire Co. St. Louis Western Auto Co. Syracuse Amos-Pierce Auto Co.
Pittsburgh Banker Bros. Co. Hartford Miner Garage Co. Troy _Troy Auto Exchange
Chicago H. Paulman & Co. Kansas City E. P. Moriarity & Co. Utica Miller-Mundy M.C. Co.
San Francisco Mobile Carriage Co. Los Angeles Bush & Burge Ottawa and Montreal Wilson & Co.
Philadelphia Foss-Hughes Co. Providence The Shepard Co. Toronto Automobile & Supply Co.
St. Paul Cc. P. Joy Auto Co. Rochester U.S. Auto Co. Denver Branch TheG.N. Pierce Co.
Scranton Standard Motor Car Co.
and learn
the art of making
THE BEST
CEMENT
STONE
Brady Cement Stone Machine Co.
425 North Jackson Street, Jackson, Michigan
will be obtained if the smoke pipe can enter
the same on the narrow side, as this will allow
the smoke and escaping gases more room in
which to change their course from the hori-
zontal smoke pipe to the vertical flue. A flue
of less than six inches of depth will not allow
freedom for this change of direction, which
directly accounts for the unsuccessful opera-
tion of boilers on shallow flues, and the con-
sequent condemnation of the entire system.
Be sure that the flue is of proper size and
shape and has a good draft before attaching
the boiler to it; for many heating systems,
first-class in other respects, fail to give satis-
faction merely on account of poor chimney
drafts. A newly built chimney will not draw
perfectly and due allowance should be made
until it is thoroughly dried out, which will
probably take a week or two. In looking over
the chimney and connecting the boiler to it, it
is well to see that there are no openings into
the boiler flue, either above or below the boiler
smoke pipe, special care being exercised at the
base of the flue that the boiler flue does not
connect with the other flues through the soot
pocket. “That the cross writhes or division
walls of the chimney, if it contains more than
one flue, are carried up to the top of the chim-
ney, so that each flue is independent of the
others throughout its entire length. That
the area of the chimney flue is maintained full
size throughout its entire length, and is free
from all obstructions, such as loose brick,
mortar, etc., that might have become lodged in
it. That the chimney extends above the
highest point of the roof or other immediate
surrounding elevation. ‘This is quite impor-
tant, and failure to observe the same may be
looked to as the cause for a poor draft. That
the flue is at least six or seven inches in depth
and never less in area than size of smoke pipe
given by a boiler manufacturer. “That the
boiler sets as near the chimney as possible, thus
shortening the length of the smoke pipe, which
is desirable. “That the smoke pipe does not
project into the chimney too far and thus lessen
the area of the flue at this important point,
where the smoke leaves the pipe and enters the
flue. [he research shown in this exposition
of the peculiar qualities of a chimney is re-
peated in every branch of the work carried on
by the Herendeen Company, in steam and
hot-water heating, a system considered by ex-
perts as possessing many of the great advan-
tages. “These may be enumerated as follows:
First, the heat derived from a steam or hot-
water system is thoroughly healthy—the air of
the rooms being heated by contact with the
radiators, and, consequently, not becoming a
mixture of coal gas, dust, and smoke. Second,
it is possible to thoroughly distribute the heat
—thus enabling an evenness of warmth and
uniformity of temperature to be maintained
throughout the building. ‘Third, an efficient
and properly installed steam or hot-water ap-
paratus requires little care and attention. It
is safe, durable, simple in operation, and the
average housewife or servant can easily at-
tend to the management. Finally, great
economy of fuel is obtained by the use of
these systems, the saving often averaging from
25 to 33 per cent. ‘The boilers made by this
firm are practically self-cleaning and now pro-
duced in over two hundred different styles and
sizes, embracing sectional, portable and brick-
set types. “They are known under the names
of Furman water-tube boilers, portable boilers,
brick-set boilers, ‘‘ Junior”’ boilers and tank
heaters, laundry, store and water heater and
new sectional boilers. The Furman new sec-
tional boiler is a new type, cast in sections
which assemble in a vertical position. The sec-
tions are made from the best quality of cast
iron, and are without doubt the strongest
and most durable that can be used for the pur-
:
€
,
December, 1905 PANEER TVGAINS EVOWNES AND GARDENS 419
The International Studio
Che Leading Art Magazine
$5.00 per pear
Snternational at w ar Hnternational
Studio a! My Studio
Pleasure and Profit
@ A Premier Greenhouse will keep you supplied with
SEND 25 CENTS FOR
flowers, fruits and vegetables all the year around. Saves its
SAMPLE COPY
cost in a season. Gives tone to your residence, and creates
a pleasant and profitable hobby.
@ The illustration shows a Premier Greenhouse, length 12
feet, width 8 feet, height 8 feet. It has double walls, double
strength glass, plant tables, etc., fitted complete, built in
sections, and can be erected in two hours. Price, $63.00.
@ Geo. B. Clementson, Esq., of Lancaster, Wis., writes:
*“The Premier Greenhouse is the most attractive proposition
for the plant lover I have ever seen.’’
@ Catalog and Price List on application. Greenhouses from
$20.00. Conservatories, Garden Frames, Summer Cottages,
Auto Houses, Poultry Houses, and Portable Buildings of
every description.
By all odds the most artistic periodical printed
in English.”--New York Tribune.
By all odds the best source of suggestion for
design and ornament in all interior work -- iron
work, leaded glass, stained glass, wood carving,
furniture, tapestry, mosaic, mural decoration, etc.
By all odds the best all-round magazine for
people interzsted in artistic things.
Subscriptions to
John Lane Company, 67 Fifth Ave., New Dork
CHAS. H. MANLEY, Dept. A. H.
PREMIER MFG. WORKS, St. Johns, Michigan
** At the foot of Pikes Peak.”
COLORADO SPRINGS.
@ Like a child at play, Colorado Springs sits basking in the sunshine at the foot
of Pikes Peak, amid the most enjoyable surroundings. No location could be more
delightful. This region is best reached from.the East by the
NEW YORK CENTRAL LINES
and their connections, with but one change of cars from New York or
Boston.
@ For particulars inquire of any New York Central ticket agent.
A copy of “America’s Winter Resorts” will be sent free, postpaid, on receipt of a two-cent
stamp by George H. Daniels, General Passenger Agent, New York Central & Hudson River
Railroad, Grand Central Station, New York.
420 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905
pose. Owing to its special construction it is
not affected by variations in temperature and
consequent expansion or contraction. “These
boilers are absolutely interchangeable—being
The CHAMPION IRON CO, _ {iy seth stented ior either steam or hot
KENTON, OFIO. are necessary for steam boilers. By adding or
taking out the desired number of sections the
pan ~ STRUCTURAL IRON. boiler may be changed in size. ‘This opera-
————_—————— tion would be slow, troublesome and expen-
sive were the usual external headers used.
ORNAMENTAL This allows boilers to be placed in very low
cellars, owing to their low height and com-
CAST AND WROUGHT IRON. pact construction. ‘There is a good supply of
= = Pa ae | Lae excellent literature and fine illustrations issued
JAIL CELL WORK. by the company. ‘The twenty-fifth edition
Sas ae. = — Oblong; papers sc..cccecsescescacacessccessicesataseceses
Country and Suburban Houses
By William Dewsnap. A collection of interior and exterior per-
spective sketches and floor plans for up-to-date houses in the
artistic, Colonial and other styles. Paper............cscscessecsceesees
Country and Suburban Houses
By William Dewsnap. A collection of interior and exterior per-
spective sketches and floor plans for up-to-date houses. Paper,
Ti) ATOR eacen cas Bence ACB EMECOCE ED ECE ARTE RCE CC EE CECE CED RER or CSE AE COOTER RATE an
Building Plans and Designs
By M. E. Parmelee, Architect.
One large 8vo volume (8x1014), handsomely bound in cloth, gilt top. Price........cccscecceeceesececcececsececeecececesssceecees
Price
$5 00
5 00
1 00
1 00
50
for
A collection of designs of houses with Colonial (Georgian) details, but arranged with modern comforts,
ANNE HE ACMEOM plebeNessmOLmb Wen Leth GCDGULY ca cee caresses iceise acainciete sec aciocecawiacisveeuae ies secieiaislenilsen oiienisisaissejeuiciteaesisibswie casei aie delscinainieecsselsesbieee cvevtsessefsigeenecstes
AND SUBURBAN DWELLINGS
Ninety-six
Modern Homes
PRACTICAL BOOKS
Building Materials; Their Nature, Properties and
Manufacture
By G. A. T. Middleton, A. R.I.B. A., author of Stresses and
Thrusts. The book takes up the subject in detail starting in
the first chapter with the origin of sand, marble, stone, etc. The
subsequent chapters give these various materials and their
adaptability to different purposes. Large crown 8vo, bound in
INCI INC headeose corte sc etocere co cseendrcacgicesiecnsdcectecesertcasteadsescene
Building Construction and Drawing
Sixth edition. Revised and greatly enlarged.
principles and practice of construction. Elementary course. By
Charles F. Mitchell. 392 pages of text, with nearly 950 illustra-
BINS CLOWIMEOV Os ClO ties de soece cock csvcccseesicevedes seucvedessredioutscses
The Principles of Planning
By Percy L. Marks, Architect. Illustrated by 80 plans of various
types of buildings. One 8vo volume, cloth, 126 pages and 37 full-
page plates. Second revised edition. Net............csccsccceccecsecees
Brickwork and Masonry
By Charles F. Mitchell and George A. Mitchell. A practical text-
book for architects and others. A thoroughly practical work on
the design and execution of structures in brick and stone. Cloth
The Drainage of Town and Country Houses
By G. A. T. Middleton, A.R.I. B.A. A practical account of
modern sanitary arrangements and fittings, with chapter on
sewage disposal works or a small scale. Cloth..............0sseceeeee
SPECIAL OFFER
A text-book on the
Price
1 50
2 00
The selection of illustrations is especially noteworthy, embracing many rare and beautiful
$4.00
$2.00
House Hints for Those Who Build, Buy or Rent Price
Rape rivet ce cinsak cles sai scancmesk eeecatasenaenscsc seas tacheacaacncenecneereeveens $0 25
Stables
Containing. 12 plates, giving designs for stables ranging in price
from $1,000 to $10,000, with elevations, plans and details. Paper,
POLLEOHION fe seccs cesscnessecceatasnassduseesicesdcadenecackeesesrestecseascstcess 1 00
Modern Suburban Architecture
Containing plans and exterior and interior views of suburban
cottages, etc. By William A. Lambert................ccccceceesereeeees 1 00
Sensible Suburban Residences
By Frank T. Lent, Architect. 8vo, cloth, 100 pages, profusely
illustrated ccrcscccess vescceierscetustcctece sotetee ter swiss scackc aces some ceone 1 06
Sound Sense in Suburban Architecture
Second revised edition. By Frank T. Lent, Architect. 8vo, cloth,
100 pages, profusely illustrated................. ephooadacocdadpAassodcse0od 1 00
Summer Homes and Camps
By Mranky Te Wuents, snmseessscjsuceauscsaccuscescetecestsines sodiceawaeteseuwasens 1 00
The Suburban Cottage, Its Design and Construction
By W. B. Tuthill, Architect. Second edition. 8vo cloth,
Mills tra blonst ys: vevcecsaakeve avec ls cevenuicvct recccessos se eeessetersereres 6 1 00
Building Construction Price
Advanced and Honors Course. Third edition. By Charles F.
Mitchell. Containing 660 pages of text with 570 illustrations,
many being full page or double plates of examples, with construc-
tional details specially drawn for this edition.
Heating by Hot Water, Ventilation and Hot Water
Supply
Containing suggestions and information as to the best methods of
heating. By Walter Jones, M.I. N. E. Third edition. Net........
BOS Uemeceeetee ices sconte: sccemanatenavshombeion weceneccteasccscecusterseacs
Hints on Painting Structural Steel and Notes on
Prominent Paint Materials
A handbook for paint users.
enlarged. 12mo.
Grammar of Ornament
By Owen Jones. An elaborate work on the subject of decoratior
and ornament, giving many examples of various styles, such as
Egyptian, Persian, Greek, Indian, Chinese, Renaissance, Italian,
etc. Will be found an invaluable reference book to all desiring a
correct knowledge of the different periods of ornament and
decoration. Illustrated with 112 plates in gold and colors, besides
many wood cuts and descriptive text. Cloth, gilt. Net...
The Cement Worker's Handbook
Containing more than fifty most important subjects on cement and
its uses in construction. Compiled to meet the requirements of
those interested in the use of this material in buildings. By W.
Lee akersan ClOthioncwcces crs «cn cassncestosccetssecccatesc«twsesececscetetscase
By Houston Lowe. Fourth edition,
Bound in paper, 50 cents. Cloth..................
MAGAZINE free for a year
Ask for sample copy of magazine and complete catalogue
WILLIAM T. COMSTOCK, Publisher,
23 Warren Street, NEW YORK
Crown 8vo, cloth.. $2
9
Oo
00
Any one ordering books amounting to $10.00 or over from above list will receive the ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS
424 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ~ December, 1905
This Steel Vertical File Sar
is for YOUR office. CENTERING. R. F. Easton, New
—— York, N. ¥. October:3 3. sane 800,727
This is a special proposition of great |
value to you. You must bave a letter | H Be ee m4
file in your office. Wood burns, sticks. ANGER FOR SUPPORTING CENTERS.
shrinks, warps; Steel lasts forever. : A G Pierce New York N iY:
5 5 Welt ; - .
Capacity, 20,000 Letters : October'3 ...... 0c. 2 800,878
Standard Size, 10x12 inches 2 r
This size is sufficient for any ordinary COMPOSITE BUILDING STRUCTURE,
office. When you need more, add them Clayton and Johnson, St. Louis,
in units. The drawers are fitted with
suspension slides and every bit of room is : Mo. October TO... 2c eeceeaee 801 5361
available. i
Size, 51 inches high ; 14% inches mee iy ADJUSTABLE SUPPORT FOR JoIsTs.
wide + 24 inches deep, ; C. E. Springer, Chicago, Ill. Oc-
Your Store Room Made ofSpecial een“ | tober 10.0. ssc ses cess seen, 801,482
Annealed Steel § ? ;
How Does It Look ? A |. Merar LATH CONSTRUCTION. A.
reused ie S. Alschuler, Chicago, III. Oc-
eee 4 Z b 8°,
If it’s old and dingy let us suggest a | ea ay tober 24. «35.000 JE
suitable steel ceiling for it. ; tie ae 4 802,727
We can make your store room artistic » zs / 2 ie ‘TRUSSED BOARD OR SUPPORT. J. Ae
and inviting. Give us the exact meas- i ‘ Hi : 6 ae
urements and we'll serve you promptly. ; : 5 Dennis, Chicago, Ill. October 24. 802,741
Cate icati nana , Finish: Maroon Enamel, Polished
atalogue sent on application, showing naa é : fi ’ he) : ; .
store room designs in detail. Write for Brass Irimmings, Cases Gold Striped paver At METALLIC WINbow SASH. Mullins
a SIs . ie Delivered free anywhere east of the = oe i and Hare, Salem, Ohio. October
Mention American Homes and Gardens. Rockies. Supplies not included. “rite I 8
$ Uaoeae CHalea at BY Geicrecacirng COO Oooo 3.o0 o.40 6 5 - 03,303
The Berger Manufacturing Company seth : ‘
Canton, Ohio 3 6THE BERGER MFG. CO., Canton, 0. “gy | Eaves TroucH anp Drain Pipe.
A. H.& G.10-5. By S. Vogel, New York, N. Y. Oc-
tober:3'1 \.Ssiekeen see 803,316
Elevators
6“ yy |
ago“ AAMUFPUUBIUS™ || Pspescen ren x0 Cosson
Skylight
land. (October 3)... .-c eee 800,783
Evevator MecHanism. J. Dillon
Absolutely and permanently impervious against
Milwaukee, Wis. October 17... 802,074
rain, snow, sleet or dust, without putty or | | Sarery Device ror ELevaTors. C.
cement. : W. Hoffman, New York, N. Y.
Bridge arrangement for walking on the sky- October 24 ais ee 802,759
light without coming in contact with or danger
of breaking glass. SAFETY Device For ExvevaTors. _ J.
A—Steel Supporting Bar F—Copper Sheet Cap ; Gummerson, Pittsburg, Pa. Oc-
B—Malleable Iron Bridge G—Coil Galv. Brass Spring Manufact a | h G D C tober to ae eee 80 28
C—Flat Iron H—Galvanized Brass Stud ; vee oe ec e rouve O. ki 3 3 3
D—Felt J—Bridge (for walking on 2 ° . E
oe oes Erected by Bridg eport, Connecticut SAFETY DEVICE FOR ELEVATORS. E.
ot L. Mater, Donagiac, Mich. Oc-
tober: “3't “3 tae oe 803,425
Also Manufacturers and Erectors of
The Lovell Window Operating Device
Fireproofing and Fire Extinguishment
The only device on the market that will, if desired,
operate a line of sash 500 ft. long
FIREPROOFING COMPOUND. W. S.
Patten, New York, N. Y. Oc-
tober 17 5250.6 oo ee 802,311
Fire RESISTING SHEET METAL WIN-
pow Frame. T. Lee, Home City,
Ohio. October24 72... eee 802,458
AR IS | IC Fireproor Stairway. F. O. Han-
son, Chicago, II]. October 24... . 802,506
FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION. F. F.
N ELS Odell, Nyack, N. Y. October 24. 802,523
Automatic Fire ALARM SYSTEM.
@ Our line embraces G. B. Bowell, London, England.
everything needed October 24. ....; ...ae eee 802,554
for the fireplace, and Fireproor Partition. Depew and
our Mantels range in McCoy, San Francisco, Cal. Oc-
price from $2.65 up. tober PUL a gonoon ob oGCo Goo boKS 802,556
Catalogue free. Fire Door. A. C. Preble, Chicago,
Ill... October 24.2.2; eee 802,709
FirE PROTECTION SIGNAL SYSTEM.
THE GEO. W. CLARK CO. Nolen and Shepherd, Chicago, Ill.
October 24.22 22:6) eee 802,875
91 Dearborn St., Cnicago, Ill.
306 Main S : AUTOMATIC DEVICE FOR CLOSING
ain St., Jacksonville, Fla.
; FirePpRooF SHuTTERS. E. C.
(Factory: Knoxville, Tenn.) Washburn, Minneapolis, Minn.
Octobet'31... 320 Be.) se . 803,038
We
December, 1905
I Am the Paint Man
AMERICAN “HOMES
Let Me Give You
2 Gallons of My Paint
UPPOSE you
S went to astore
and the man
plosed 2 full gal-
ons of paint on
the counter and
said “‘Here is some
paint I want you
me Ie Zz. ALE. ue bry before ou
uy. ust sprea
St. Louis. Mo. these 2 pallonaiaa
your walls. When you have done so, if the
paint is entirely satisfactory, comein and buy
the balance of your order. If not, these 2
gallons are a present from me as a test.”
You would think it was a mighty fair
offer, wouldn’t you?
But no paint dealer ever makes this kind
of an offer. * * *
IT am not keeping a paint store.
Tam running a paint factory.
My paint is not sold over the counter.
~ — it direct from my factory to the user
esh.
Let me make you a better and more liber-
al offer than the above.
Here it is.
Let me ship you anorder of paint. I will
pay all freight on 6 gallons or more.
You sign no contract, obligation, or send
me a penny of money in advance.
When the paint arrives choose any 2 full
gallons of the order, spread_it on your build-
ing—it will cover 600 square feet, 2 coats—then
you be the judge as to whether you want to
use the balance of the order or not. 2
Tf not, return the balance of the paint—I
will pay the freight back and the 2 gallons
used are yours, free, for the test.
If the paint spreads better—further—and
looks better than any paint you ever saw, and
you want to use the balance of the order, keep
it and pay me at the end of 6 months.
With the paint I send my pen-and-ink
sicned iron-clad Guarantee that it will last 8
years.
This Guarantee is binding and says
“money back at the end of the Guaruntee
period if the paint is not as represented.”
The reason I can make you this liberal
As a Test
offer is because I manufacture and sell paint
in a new way.
My pigment, or paint base,—which is
white lead, zinc, coloring matter and drier—
is ground fresh to order after your order is
received, hermetically sealed in cans, dated
the day it is packed, and shipped in separate
cans from the oil.
My Pure Old Process Linseed Oil is ship-
ped in a twin can.
My paint is ready to use but NOT ready
mixed.
There are reasons for my manufacturing
and selling this way. Good reason-.
Reasons that permit me to give an 8 Year
Guarantee.
Briefly, here they are:
Paint pigment is a mineral,
Pure linseed oil is a vegetable.
When packed together the chemical action
of the mineral pigment eats the life out of the
oil—that shortens the life of the paint.
Old process linseed oil is scarce on the
market.
Oil used in ready mixed paint is usually
adulterated.
My oil is pure. i
Shipping it separately gives you a chance
to prove it.
Ready mixed paint settles—a cement-like
substance forms in the bottom of every can.
ace never be properly mixed aguin by
and.
My method of shipping pigment and_oil
separately, does away with all settling. You
can use every drop out of every gallon of my
paint on your walls, and you get the full life
of the paint on your buildings.
* * *
I want to tell you more about my plan.
Just drop me a line today, asking for my
Paint Book, copy of my Guarantee, and other
printed matter, which includes my flee in-
structions ‘This Little Book Tells How to
Paint.’? They are all FREE.
Do it now while you think of it.
©. L. CHASE,
The Paint Man,
605 G Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo,
NOTE—My 8 Year Guarantee backed by $50,000 Bond.
It Sells Itself !
AND GARDENS
Home Study Courses
JOHN CRAIG
Professor of Horticulture in Cornell University
VERYONE interested in farm-
E; ing or gardening, everyone who
owns or who expects to own a
suburban or a country home, should
know about the
Home Study
Courses in
Agriculture
Horticulture
Landscape
Gardening
and
Floriculture
which we offer under Prof. Wm. P.
Brooks, of the Massachusetts Agricul-
tural College, and Prof. John Craig,
of Cornell University.
There is money, and pleasure, too,
in farming and gardening, in the grow-
ing of fruit and of flowers, for those
who understand the ways how and
the reasons why of modern agn-
culture. A knowledge of landscape gardening is indispensable to those who would
have the pleasantest homes.
Our courses afford the bes possible substitute for the courses offered by the
resident colleges. Our system brings the college to the student. Our students are
free to proceed with the lessons as rapidly or as slowly as they please and to ask
for special assistance or advice whenever they have occasion to do so.
Every reader of eAmerican Homes and Gardens is invited to send for a
free copy of our eighty-page catalogue and full information in regard to our home
study courses,
the Home Correspondence School
SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
Department 9
Easy for Agents!
The Four-Track
The Popular Travel Magazine
is Easy to get Subscriptions for
News
Because of its attractive appearance Because of its educational value
Because of its wealth of pictures Because of its entertaining qual-
Because of its interesting articles ities
Because all the world is its field
IT’S DIFFERENT!
It costs but $1.00. It’s always bright.
It has excellent talking qualities.
Because of its appealing individuality
Write for our specially liberal terms to agents and
a free sample copy.
Hundreds of agents have made hundreds of dollars
in a short time, getting subscriptions for
The Four-Track News
To see it is to want it!
To want it is to have it!
For it costs only $1.00 per year.
, It is a bonanza for Live Agents, especially at our new terms!
Write for them.
A sample copy and our special terms to agents will cost you
nothing. Send your address and two references to
GEORGE H. DANIELS, Publisher
Room No. 101A, 7 EAST 42d STREET
NEW YORK
426 AMERICAN HOMES AND ,GARDENS * December, 1905
ARTISTIC HOMES
ARTISTIC
HOMES
A DOLLAR EOOK
OF MODERATE COST
HOUSE DESIGNS.
Printed on the best of
paper in
Edition de Luxe.
Any one intending to
build should purchase
this new edition of
If you ever intend
to build, send for the ARTISTIC
above $1.00 book to-day. HOMES
HIGH-CLASS ARCHITECTURAL WORK.
HERBERT C. CHIVERS
127-7th STREET CONSULTING ST. LOUIS
ARCHITECT
OOOVODVUOOOOOOOOOOOOY
What a good Mantel .
for DEN, Library,
or where old Mission &Y
style is wanted. WY
Simple but effective. @
Rough surface tile, 3
6x12 inches. Best in Y
dull finish green. 9
If you don't like
this, we have others.
SCSECCECSCEES
@
@
=
The Hartford @
No. 21. 5 ft. high; 5 nae < wide a4. Faien ce C O 2 @
ARCHITECTURAL FAIENCE TILE @
@
@
FAIENCE & MANTELS HARTFORD, CONN.
SS >
OODODODODODODOODODOOOOOO
Hardware
Batt Bearinc Hince. B. F. Foss,
Fairfield, Maine. October 10 ... 801,232
WInvbow FasTener. A. Rosenberg,
Chicago, Ill. October 10 ...... 801,400
Lock. F. J. Vieweg, Plainfield,
N. J. October 17... 0... cee 802,052
SASH FasTener. §S. F. and D. E.
Myers, Los Angeles, Cal. October
| MEI I Sk 802,304
Lock. M. F. Walck, Enhaut, Pa.
October 17°. 0.02. 00.08 See 802,341
AUTOMATIC SASH FASTENER. E. A.
Parker, Meriden, Conn. October
2h. os ae wins «rely ole ore eee 802,655
Winpvow Lock. J. J. Gier, St. Louis,
Mo. October 242.5 2) oe eee 802,854
Lock For WINbDow SASHES. W. C.
Gilbert, Williamstown, W. Va.
October 31.3.5. ....eeeee eae 802,983
SASH Fastener. I. M. Deppen,
Scranton, Pa. October sma 803,100
SasH Lock. J. Kirby, Jr., Dayton,
Ohio: October 3m)... eee 803,169
SasH Lock. Mullins and Hare,
Salem, Ohio. October 31 4.055 803,302
SasH Lock. I. F. Frisbee, Boston,
Mass. October) 31 525-0 eee 803,335
Heating and Ventilation
Heat SHIELD For Raprators. E. M.
Francher, Chicago, II]. October 3. 800,636
RapraTtors. A. D. Ray, Cleveland,
Ohio; October101-4) eee 801,397
VENTILATOR. J. Lorenz, St. Louis,
Mo. October 17 1.14. eee eee 802,000
VENTILATOR. S. L. Morse, Athol,
Mass. October-17). nee 802,013
RapratTors. J. D. Karnaghan, Zanes-
ville, Ohio. October 17 ........ 802,294
Process FOR HEATING APARTMENTS,
ETc. H.C. Mallory, New York,
N.. Y¥.. October 24 ae 802,766
VENTILATING DEVICE FOR BUILD-
INcs. F. V. Matton, Camden,
N. J: -October24 33) eco 802,871
VENTILATORS. G. F. Williams,
Washington, D. C. October 24. . 802,899
Winpbow VENTILATOR. R. M. Goe-
bring, Greensburg, Pa. October
B10 hast ace eee eho 803,224
Miscellaneous
MacHINE FoR HANGING WALL
Paper. L. D. Howell, Maple-
wood, Ohio. October’ 1775 .-0ne 802,292
Roorinc. J. H. Munro, Newark,
N. J. October 24) 5 2¢ pee 802,771
HANGER FOR BUILDING PURPOSES.
C. H. Bigelow, Jr., St. Paul, Minn.
October 31 4:4). ence eee 803,089
WALL PAPERING MacHINe. T. H.
Butler, Birmingham, Ala. October
BT cc dislenewci Sera ee eee 803,270
Plumbing
FLoor FLANGE FOR WATER CLOSETS.
W. McClintock, New York, N. Y.
October 3° .. .\:« auto ee 800,664
ANTIFREEZING FLUSHING ‘TANK.
G. Coenen, Jersey City, N. J. Oc-
tober 3 ..é+.450hee ee ae 800,903
Water Ctioset. W. H. Osborn,
Oakdale, Ky. October 10 ...... 801,682
Pipe ConnecTION. R. Haire, New-
port, R. I. Octoberi24 23 aoe 802,855
Tools
Prums Lever. W. H. Gray, Chi-
cago, Ill. October 17) eee 802,162
CaRPENTER’S Jack. P. J. McCul-
ley, Annona, Texas. October 24. . 802,522
INDEX TO
Aimerican Homes and Gardens
VOLUME I.
COVER
“The Rocks,”
Eben D. Jordan,
Mass.
chester,
Front.)
August:
Ambler, Pa.
September :
James W.
Par
AGR Medes ES
Adventures of a woman who hunts, by Myra
Estate of C. W. Bergner,
“ Woodcrest,”
Paul,
(The Terrace Entrance. )
EWMIODS sadate cscarvoussogeanovcosobac *400
Algze in water supplies, destroying.......... 12
Alley, pleached> Spencer: Drasks sn cer oe 5377, ||
American garden statuary, by Harry Dillon
| GYRO 32 5 acs SARS Soh ee Ree +22
Angoras for pleasure and profit, by George
Mercier’ Walsh... <..cn.c6enlc oss *TO2
Appliqué on inexpensive materials, by Mabel
PRK em crestiiaitn ara pi ccs co oe ee sek *301
Architect and civic betterment, the ......... 119
Architect and his charges, the....... 122, 192, 264
iAremtects: old and) new .::2s20 63+ scans cose 406
Arch of massive stones, an, Spencer Trask. ..*372
Armor in Baronial Hall, C. W. Bergner ..... *80
Art, the International Congress of Public... 260
PGES AMON EME s HOUSED ENE rm). oes arclercios.e asrosversres 116
Autumn work in the garden, by Ida D. Ben-
TEE 2 eschsrere Baten eee rye ae rene cere a 178 |
sais. Giget: pe ORE ase nO eRe OO Ana SOE Enotes 250 |
Bedroom, Murry Guggenheim .............. *3201 |
Bersnerm ©: Wi, Amblér, Pa.) 22 2... csc cess *83
ERO ARE OVO ISG ey. 2) = sc iicls raid jesse aa eens 189
Blocks, hollow concrete building ............ 352 |
Boilers, important improvements in ........ *62
13-56) 07 Gi Ce ee 56, 130, 200, 267, 340, 412
Botidoirs irs Sherman’s. .. 2... 22582. esis c *2AT
Boudoir, the, Murry Guggenheim .......... *209
Box, a sand, by Ida D. Bennett .............
Breakfast-room, the, James W. Paul, a = 160
Binteka HOUSE a2 ccats sti s woes *97, *165, *234
Brick machine, pressed cement .............. *134
Bridge over the upper Wissahickon, C. W.
Bia Gla "ose nano rE RG EOE Ere BOeerre *8I
Building, helps to home. .30, 116, 173, 257, 318, 387
Building patents, new. .68, 141, 211, 283, 355, 422
Birla, flats: Mia oe eae Cre Cee CC eno eter 261
Bulb planting, the autumn, by Leonard Gil-
GRE se dee cooo Ube Doe CORE ae ears *174
WSS O Wish Bio oi 52 icra (0 ofaje wood aise nol er eee *99, *230
Bartow, R- WS Woodmere: Ie. J. sa... 20.224 *172
ESHISSHESS ASP CEESMEMIC Mes tore oye.cte-c. 2 oy ciereyesvelofeiei vie 260
Camp in the woods, how to make a, by A.
Gisse | Bote 2 ocr o: onan dn eCnEbe ure *T13
Cavalry officers in France, the training Olin nike
Ceilings and partitions .........2......+0005 *204
Ceilings and walls, artistic metal ........... 208
Cellar in winter, utilizing the, by George
iP fhelbeutavialsht essere tee e205 sec 20 ee
Ctiamber, 2, Bbew PD: Jordan 2 once cee sor *
Chandler, Mrs. Lucy B., Chestnut Hill, Mass. +88
Cheap houses, the dangers OS ekeecib se 31
Cheney, Mrs. B. P., Peterboro, N. H. ...... *306
City and the couutty, the 9-20 - eee eis * 336
Civic betterment........ 46, 119, 189, 260, 332, 405
Colonial brick Houses: ft: a Fees eee 22 *234
Colonial houses .......... ¥1Q, *25, *80, *224, *317 |
*378, *381
Comment, monthly ...... 10, 82, 154, 222, 294, 368
Goicrete, the modern Stone 3.0.2) .2 2 ieee > 348
CHICAGO Ger berate Cae OOO LOO 408
Corridor, the entrance, C. W. Bergner ...... *86
“Craigston,’ T. C. Hollander, Wenham,
LASS, AA SINS BRAS o roe dat es *310
“Crow’s Nest,’ J. H. Huddleston, Navesink
Ebi siilastds ee We a tiene are ciesre s 0'e *9O
Cayier, Johu EP, Peimecton, Ne Ja u2- 42-0608 *204
Cyanide fumigation, by G. Howard Allen.... 75
Dangers of cheap houses, the ............... 31
the Country Seat of | IV. October:
Esq., West Man-
(The Entrance
V. November:
Esq.,
(Baronial Hall.)
the Estate -of
Esq., Radnor, VI.
December :
Mires
MAR KE DP =
ARE
NO‘
“ Drumthwacket,”
(The Fountain in the Garden.)
Country Seat of Mr.
Trask, Saratoga, N. Y.
the Rock Garden.)
Estate of Mr.
Saratoga, N. Y-
Decoration, household. The man or the
WOIman— Witch Armes. tous Sarg he eee 188
Decoration, principles of home, by Joy
Wheeler Dow ... 0s... #3535110, *253, *303
Decoration, taste in household .............. 45
IDearmis, Sp Sb ooscacsceqansdecosoovgoe0s0uad *104
Desk in main 1 hall, thes.C. WeeBerenene....4- *85
Development, suburban ne et Guge en | 120
Dining and living rooms, J. H. Huddleston ..*1or1
Dining-room, the; ©. Wr Berenenm 9. .s6¢ 4. *86 |
Dining-room, the, Mrs. B. P. Cheney ....... *200
Dining-room, the, SiS; Dennis’. .+5:5-...- *166
Dining-room, they Gay ka Droste sees atc: *98
Dining-room, the, “ Drumthwacket” ....... *225
Dining-room, the, Aymar Embury, 2d...... *T69
Dining-room, the, Floyd Ferris ............. *23
Dining-room, the, Daniel F. Ginna ......... *316
Dining-room, the, Edward S. Grew ......... *283
Dining-room, the, Murry Guggenheim ...... 208
Dining-room, the, LT. C. Hollander .......... *2TI
Dining-room, the, L. L. Hopkins ........... *Q5
Dining-room, the, James Imbrie ............ *370
Dining-room, the bene Ds aiondanm: sacra cd *13
Dining- room, the, James W. Paul, Jr. ...... *158
Dining- room, the, John Ri Sherman ........ *2QAT
Dining-room, the, Evarts Tracy ,
Dining-room, the, W. O. Underwood
Dining-room of the past and present, by Alice
IMaWellogioe concentra ocr a coe etree *38
Dining-rooms good! and! bad) 2) .22252.5.-0- *253
Doorwayaay HloydiMerristye sce *22
Drawing-room, the, “ Drumthwacket” ...... *226
Drawing-room, the, Edward S. Grew ........ * 283
Drawing-room, the, Eben D. Jordan ........ *13
Droste, Charles F., Montclair, N. J. ........ *96
SDrumthwackets (Princeton, INA Je -q-c4c- *223
Dutch Coloniali/housesim. asses eae *165, *168
Biizabethianwniousemaner-erter reer *T2
Embury, 2d, Aymar, Englewood, N. J....... *167
DABhiGn INOEKe, Ei scannoeooocsulsoncoHeodCN *285
Entrance and courtyard, James W. Paul, Jr.. 156
Entrance porch and porte-cochére, Alfred
Siig eae ery ee ete a te teye ae ay ISR Pee nas *90
Evarts, Sherman, Plainfield, INES Vii Se terevevant: *18
Facade and terrace, Spencer Trask ......... *270
Falls in upper glen, C. W. Bergner ........ *87
Fattening of fowls in France, the, by Jacques
BOWED ecient isghcns ee specreoe-eus es §3.23
mess, Iloynal, lalekeuseiks, ING Wo cuccoenoo0ce *20
Fifty suggestions for the house...... 54, 128, 200,
266, 339, 411
LEiias, IDeainl, IPannecwoin, ING Mo cocugooooso00n0 *284
Fire extinguishing, the materials for ........ 66
Fire irons in “ Dreamwold,” a group of...... A]
EiceplaceseauliGaderbush saa. eis *16
Fireplace in living-room, the, J. H. Huddles-
EOD averse eers sie eter coarse Sasacstanece aaah tases» *100
Hireproormtnerquestionmot sere amie) 2
ire mprOvectlOnmrrrmerr ri kee ecrs coe ore 23, 181
Em eS CAUSES OLE eee ee cian hosts as ies oon eiersveca 2
TEIHES) thn Copbinony InOsINKES) Gooccgouoouacnubou0c 403
Blootstintacingeinachinem ett eerie *137
Flower window, al, lel, AN, Garansial sooocanc00 *284
FO Wier Sr SOS eee ra crete tortie cites ae susie ansiere 190
Flowers, the arrangement of cut ............ 175
OLE WOLC ye see ti ees yo A iaend Gaia 120
Fountain, the, “ Drumthwacket” ............ *222
Fountain, the, Alfred J. Nathan ............ *230
Fowls, the fattening of, in France, by Jacques
OVE Tele rien: CeO Renee Rheselcseie eden i sia 323
Front, the entrance, Edward S. Grew ...... *282
Humicationcyantdemeerree rere rere eee ree es 75
Munnishineythevousemeere sates ener ceee eee es 30
Fiunnishinossmisced ieee ere rrr eee ee 386
Burniticestiesbiyineowoteer cesses tenes: 118
EAMETS WOK MEM Soo0c0000050000005 5505556 259
Furniture of our forefathers, the, by Francis
Durand Nicholsmanaeee ae cee eee eer *246
Gaderbush;, Paul; Summit, N. J. .........:.. *16
Garden, autumn ‘work in the, by Ida D. Ben- =
DISHED Sta Rc aac ea ao eeoRee noo Ge Goes 178
Garden, Harvard’s botanic, by Mary Caroline
Chiuior dt een. ey ant met rae *184
Garden, how to lay out a wild wood, by Leila
Nicci mare he. eh eee eee *243
Garden; the ..sc00.054 6. 44, 117, 190, 261, 333, 404
Garden, wane, (Co, Wiz BSNS" soecccoccsacogce- *84
Garden, fNewhousemeee, wet ke bce bo lone 257
Garden, the, month by month—July®........ 44
Garden, the, month by month—August...... 117
Garden, the, month by month—September.... 190
Garden, the, month by month—October....... 261
Garden, the, month by month—November.... 333
Garden, the, month by month—December..... 404
Gardentstheys)ianlesm Vee attire eae +152
Gardentithexschoolie ae eee ea eee 117
Garden front and terrace, Murry Guggen-
Heir See eta) See ec oes *292
Gardensingold@ljapanmece cee eee oreo ee *220
Garden terrace, the, ‘““ Drumthwacket” ...... *227
Garfield, Prof. H. A., Princeton, N. J. ....:. *284
(CAS SwOVes, WN CA OH soounccanesanncucsen 47
Gas, the dangers of illuminating ............ 322
Gateway, the, “ Drumthwacket” ............ *22
Gateway, the, Murry Guggenheim .......... *302
Georgian houses ............ 2b 2246 631. *381
Ginna,, Daniel F.; Plainfield; N. J. .........- *215
Glass for building and paving .............. 09
Grew, Edward S., West Manchester, Mass...*380
Guggenheim, Murry, Hollywood, N. J. 2 8205
Half-timbered and stone house ............ *285
Half-timbered houses ........... *156, *240, *310
Falretimbenedmstabl Cmte ricer cen eee *163
Infell, tane, Ielkonial IBS soosooasocccueesescc *22
| Ilan tine, leychivenntal SS, (Giwey saocosuesccaossc- *282
Hall, the, Mitiiony GiwrexexaM Sv soscaceosscscc *206
elallleathes|Charlesmlamlivesmassespmiee sec aoe *26
Tela, Dike, Wore IDS Workin ooocsccouucosesuse *12
Hall, the, IievaeIS IB. WNCS asccosesencessace *235
Hall, the great, James W. Paul, Jr. ......... *I55
lelaill, Wine, olan 1k, Slaiserein So5ceccccgc0cc0G- *242
Hall, view looking through, Charles T. Ives.. *24
lelalhl anal Gianinege, IL, ILE MaloyVetnS ssgnccacasc *Q5
lanvandiss Dotanic wand eneeteen cher ceeierae *184
Heaters, radiators and specialties. .......... *63
JULY TO DECEMBER, 1905
ILLUSTRATION S=—
Princeton, N. J.
Spencer
(A Scene in
Spencer Trask,
(A Gateway.)
ILLUSTRATED
IBIGRIIE? WK LEIS soduodaas accodacaneusssa- *258
“Heim Mere,” Louis L. Hopkins, Manches-
TOTP AGS ceicepetreas Beale eke slovende em oc oaks *93
HELE PsawiaySut Owais sersisialsctelele cys Pelssete« seieceyotete 189
Help, ways to, the organization ............ IIQ
Helps to home building. .30, 116, 173, 257, 318, 387
“ Hilhouse,” Floyd Ferris, Hartsdale, N. Y... *20
Elollander, I. Gs Wenham) Mass:2--.--.---.- *3I0
Home, science for the. .31, 115, 179, 258, 322, 403
IRiGrne, ne Gaal OH WS caooagaocoocesaccsecasc 303
Home of Mrs. B. P. Cheney at Peterboro,
Nigel apeancoo daa acnan Cee aA *306
Home of John P. Cuyler at Princeton, N. J..*3
Home of Prof. H. A. Garfield, Princeton,
Jndex to American Homes and Gardens—Continued
Home of Daniel F. Ginna at Plainfield, N. J..*315
Home of Edward S. Grew, West Manchester,
IWASS i epacrane avast eee, miatetece sore a tennye Wagens frarte afate *380
Home of T. C. Hollander at Wenham, Mass..*310
Ilome of Alfred J. Nathan at Elberon, N. J..*236
Home of Spencer Trask, Saratoga, N. Y....*369
Home of W. O. Underwood, Mz 1gnolia,
IWS Soret oe erictov siete cite eParchnsrosniashew.ciees« F388
ELOMICMUCLEDN OMCs cis. cusetete xotassteqavevaroysscrevardtonsseners 408
Homes, notable American,’ by Barr Ferree
GCRAVVEBB CLOT Or’ sje octes isc overina eA craters altrwie «ls *83
Homes, notable American, by Barr Ferree
ie DD TLITTAEIN WA CKEL oe uy tere abc yaisieve axes tice reereuers) le b22
Homes, notable American, by Barr Ferree.
Munya Guecenheim\ 2.5.5.0. cence net *205
Homes, notable American, by Barr Ferree.
12))pY=ray 1D), | Koh cla ke ba teceenencnaeh a mca eee ees renee
Homes, notable American, by
James Nii, JEONG Ut Sop opnedocanounaocer *155
Homes, notable American, by Charles de K
Wiicitninorilne Nevalaley Ebooaaeeuooccn ae * 260
Hopkins, Louis L., Manchester, Mass....... *Q3
House, fifty suggestions for the...... 54, 128, 200,
266
louse. the: = Dirumthwacket’ 42. c5.ce.s240
Ne Me
Ib. Ae
at Princeton,
at Woodmere,
House
House
Tlouse of C. W. Bergner, Ambler, Pa.
House of Mrs. Lucy B. Chandler, Chestnut
BU; WMIRRES, Satbocess Samace ogee aroun non *88
House of S. S. Dennis at Morristown, N. J..*164
House of Charles F. Droste, Montclair, N. J.. *96 |
of Aymar Embury, 2d, at Englewood, 16
Pe nea Miia Ones eee *167
of Sherman Evarts, Plainfield, N. J..
of Floyd Ferris, Hartsdale, N. Y..
House of Paul Gaderbush at Summit, N. ie *T6
House of Murry Guggenheim at Hollywood,
IN| | Js: eb tei SEAS Te ene eee ines *205
House
House
House
House of Louis L. Hopkins, Manchester,
IIS Stam reece chess. oc, catasas. suche asistcicuetse wid che yeuerecat %
House of J. H. Huddleston, Navesink High-
Veta: INGO ea enh An Ss eee Ree ee *QO
House of James Imbrie at Englewood, N. J.. 378 |
POTUMIVEATIN Crane cra, oar ctcrapse sions vscuertleroaeeepsoereens es
House of Charles T. Ives at Montclair, N. J..
House of Eben B. Jordan, West Manches-
Ee TMS Sigs sechsncrsites ot aisccl sce stets athe eee comet *TT
House of James W. Paul, Jr., at Radnor,
ae ies c 2 irs ee eae ang a eae he *I55
House of Francis B. Rice at Westwood,
INTEC.” eG date Oth Roop at oe meee eRe ons *234
House of Charles P. Searle at Swampscott,
Wilais Sommer coe Arey Renn enrol aateepcist atc 1222
House of John R. Sherman at Port Henry,
IN|. “SYGr SU nibHins CHO Ree ota a eee e *240 |
House of Alfred Skitt, Yonkers, N. Y....... *9o |
House of Evarts Tracy at Plainfield, N. J...*170
House of George H. Walker at Kennebunk-
DOT VUAITLC MM crete cicte rossi seee cus are oet lens aiescreds C27
House of A. A. Whitman at Navesink High-
Neral Sapp ese ccchen sxc ysaerc th rerseacac eancuene- son eeeegine *220
Blomediollal Geta sosscssocese so adooeeenEeee 188 |
Household, the........ ASe On lCo250s1selesoor
Huddleston, J. H., Navesink Highlands, N. J. *o99
Humidity within the NOMS Capertee fe potent 258
Imbries James, Hneglewood, N. Joi vs... *378
Ingle-nook, the, Prof. H. A. Garfield........ *386 |
Imele=nooktethe James, Imbrie 2 i42-)....- 0. » *270
Italian villa, an, Floyd Ferris: :..2......:.2. *21
ives) Charles Gs, Montclair, Na Ja... 3.2. *24 |
Jordan, Eben D.,; West Manchester, Mass.... *11 |
“ Kingdor,” Paul Gaderbush, Summit, N. J.. *16
Kent remmatlie wesc cvsrcceete ofereecoy cheaters nether chnxe 47
Keitchenethempmzee ay seereceran loci etctectreiete ete 50
IGHChenetteMubiieny ast steerer at eee tetas cere *377
Lake from the terrace, Murry Guggenheim. .*293
av atOnieSmmOne=plece avert ei iret: 272
ILihoreaitayz, Joan Io Sjossaebn panocascooodoodde *242
Library, the, Mrs. B. P. Cheney
Library, the, S. S. Dennis
Library, the, “ Drumthwacket”
Wibranya the edwandasmGrews sar ei tae:
Libre tine Jens Wi, Teer Wie; caagqooonsco *158
ILikedsioavbayes imo {WO Ekbeboobsoodebononacaads 104
ILikwaiaves Gm WS IOS: 66446505000bdcnb00080b~ *173
Living-room, Aymar Embury, 2d ............ *167
Bivine—rOoms a) pebleatlird dlestonme sass ote *T00
Bivine-room, they Calta DROStem maa. trv. *98
Living-room, the, Daniel F. Ginna ........ *3215
Living-room, the, Murry Guggenheim ...... *207 |
Pivine=rooms thes Na@ Hollander 225.2. 4-1 A271
Wivins-room®s the, James) Imbrie :--.--,--.- *370
Livine=-room, the; Charlesyay, Ives: ::.: J ..2- *26 |
Living-room, the, W. O. Underwood ...... *300
Living-room, the, George H, Walker ........ *20
Living-room, the, A. A. Whitman .......... *2a7
Luther Burbank and plant breeding, by Enos
BIO WOKS Acinh bale bie csc Sa eee *105
Machine; tloor surfacing’ ... nieces *137
Machine, pressed cement brick ..............- 134
Machine swood-workine «1. «aseenieie *130
Man as a housekeeper, the ................- 331
Mansion, the, Spencer Trask .............. EAT.
Mantelpiece, Alfred Ji; Nathanweceeeeeere *238 |
Mantels and grilles to beautify the home.... 138
Marble steps, Spencer Trask ...............- +27
Marble water nymph, Spencer Trask ....... *376
Materials for fire extinguishing, the......... 66
INDESOYN INOUIES Snhgdsoospounnso0oKsdos *170, *232
Missions in Texas and Arizona, Spanish Ae oreo)
“Monastery,” the, Swampscott, Mass. eeress
Monthly comment ...... 10, 82, 154, 222, 204, 368
Morel, the cultivation of the, by Jacques
BOVE hit crc trheron fe-ove ab orersen io Tene eC 330
Morning-room, the, James W. Pal ine er 0So)
Miusiciiplantspandie erin staeer eer cet ieee 34
Music-room, the, T. C. Hollander .......... *3213
Nathan, Alired J., Elberon, N. J. ......0... *236
“Needles, the,” Mrs. B. P. Cheney, Peterboro,
INO ha chet ae cone Te ee ee * 308
News DOOKS! saeietsiic ttre ce 56, 130, 200, 267, 340, 412
Notable American homes, by Barr Ferrce.
CAWereberoner: oi... eeed ee eee *83
Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree
Db rumthwacket; 48-2 ween ete eee *223
Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree.
MurryaGuecenheimen. acieme eee *205,
Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree.
Eben: Jordans asnence silts cote eee eee a
Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree.
VamesmWirekals Jie ateeieee Re cee *T55
Notable American homes, by Charles de K.
Wentworth: 9 Vaddows ine. ctiese nee *3260
Note-book, the Observer’s..120, 190, 262, 334, 406
Niursery,sthesin, Americas. ssc) ses oa cee 108
PATUMONS scelluinosean cient erent ane ees
Patents, new building...68, 141, 211, 283, 355, 422
IPehaill Iehautersy Nien Mies IReicbavoye, lela ayo owes o- *T55
Rersolamithess lenGs Flolllandenaece. secre *202
Pergola, the, Spencer Trask .-........ *374, 375
Piazza, the, George H. Walker ..:......... *20
Pip essecast sino as tear recente eee eee 130
Plant breeding, Luther Burbank and, by Enos
BiCO Wille ee eect eee er eee ‘IOS
Rlantsfandtmiusic peace nearest 34
leAhuboulloybp¥es (Ohel Wale: sighted, noanowAesanveeen onaoe 179
Political@aspect mth epee sete seers 46
Pompeian table and sun dial, Spencer Trask. .*367
Pool and water garden, an upper, Spencer
Mer als enn wn aig acon ene eee ee O378
Pool in the garden, the, James W. Paul, Jr...*162
PorchG. WeeBeronene.:cin crc ep eee *87
Rorchythe: ehloydeherniss. see eee *20
Rorchthew Gs bollander sere eeerier *212
Porch the, -AyvA\Wihitiman= 24. c eee *231
Porch near bene) Jordanian *Q
Porch) thes tront, HaeA™ Gartield nae ee *384
Porch, the terrace, Murry Guggenheim ...... *205
Porte-cochére and entrance porch, Alfred
SS Kel te enter lee ccus ons ara ts ee RE ea *90
Rowden toilet oiyraycae nt pcveae ne ee ete 63
Principles of home decoration, by Joy
Wheeler Dow *35, *1I0, *253, *303
Private work for the public good 405
Rublicysport cat. mecc hue ne he Oe ee eee 405
Publishers’ department. .509, 134, 204, 270, 348, 416
Radiators and specialties, heater ............ *63
| Rain water, storage and purification ........ 12
Ranch, a southern California, by Charles F.
Lol d erin ena vaccine soh oe cee Geee ian epee *240
Reception-room, the, James W. Paul, Jr.....*161
Refrigerating apparatus for apartment houses 47
Rice, Francis B., Westwood, Mass.......... *234
Road, the main, Spencer Wraske aire seen es *276
Roadmmprovementame aceon ae 332
Rock gardenya, Spencer Trask 4.25. as *276
“Rock Ledge,” George H. Walker, Kenne-
Dunkpoctye Viainewaarre serene eeer ere 27,
Roombathe sincdividualmeprrenticn teeter een 118
Rose, a little friend of the, by S. Frank Aaron *180
Salton, the sea of, by Charles F. Holder..... *307
Sand box, the, by Ida D. Bennett ........... 300
Sanitary improvements of the home, by
George Ethelbert Walsh’... as.--o0 ee 50
Sanitation ~swintern oy eet set ee 403
Science for the home.. 33, LES; 170; 2500 4220408
Sea of Salton, the, by Charles F. Holder... .*397
Searle, Charles P., Swampscott, Mass...... *232
| Seat, a marble, Alfred JaNathantee eee eee *238
Senviceusyndicatedsen. ehh ere etrnre 45
Sherman, John R., Port Henry, N. Y......... *240
Shingle houses ...-....05 *19, *28, *89, *172, *230
Shingles, metal: ....:...22:50.. cope eee 270
Shock absorber for automobiles, a .......... 210
Silica graphite: paint 9... 21.) eee eee 208
okitt, Alfred; Yonkers, Ny Wee eeeeeee *90
Small house ....... 2s... ane *8Q
Smoking-room, the, James W. Paul, Jr..
.*157
Spanish missions in Texas and Arizona, by
Charles F Holder -5)-.. eee eee *40
Sport, ‘public, s.).40y.00ccee eee 405
Stable, ees Skit. t50saetne Ms hace eee *92
Stable, the, Edward S! Grew enon see eee *381
Stable, the house, James W. Paul, Jr. ...... *163
Staircase, the, S. S. Dennis... 104. seen *164
Staircase, the, Aymar Embury, 2d.......... *169
Staircase, the, Paul Gaderbush ............. *16
Staircase, the; Eben D> Jordanireee. seen *I4
Staircase and reception-hall, the, Mrs. B. P.
Cheney © oc eccenche eee) epee eee *308
Staircase, hall and, L. lL. Hopkins) sss. eee *95
Stair hall, the, Daniel F. Ginna .2-s,s0sene *316
Stair hall, the, T. C. Hollander {)55-.eeeeeee 314
Statuary, ’ American garden, by Harry Dillon
JONES) ieee cee wns wees eee ee #32
Steps in the garden, the, “ Drumthwacket”..*221
Stone fireplace, James Imbrie ........90eee *370
Stone house, a half-timbered ........2-.eeee *385
Stone houses ...%.02. 002+ 16. 2 See *B4
Stone tower and the bridge, the, “Glenn
Elsinore?) ios ce eacedee nse ete ee *366
Stove, a fireless) .2).cs.c.0000.08sarie ere eee 48
Stoves, the, care of gas) 1.0... een eeeeeeeee 47
Stucco and shingle house .). 52.1.5 -5 cee *O4
Stucco houses ...*21, *25, *91, *170, *232, *237
*305, *380, 3389
Studio, a... chwiai.. os -cnsiete eee *305
Suburban developments —.........5.4)-- epee 120
Suburban house, a successful small .......... *167
Summer houses rey Fo ct 6 *28, *Q4, *237, 7380
Sun dial, the, “ Drumthwacket™ .. 0.28, *220
Sun dial and seat, the, Alfred J. Nathan... .*239
Swiss chalet, a, Paul Gaderbush ........... #7
Syndicated service 2 5..4.4940 eee eee 45
Tank, roof and tower water =. .se eee eee 350
Terrace overlooking the garden, Murry Gug-
genheim’ 5 22n. daha oe secre ree 300
Terrace, the, Eben!D: Jordan .-2..... eeeee *IT
Terrace, the east, James) W. Rauliejineeeeee *153
Terrace front, the, T. C. Hollander .) 22250 *213
Terrace, front, the, James W. Paul, Jr.-eee *155
Terrace, the south, James W. Paul, Jr........ *162
Terrace, the upper, “ Drumthwacket”....... “7 ye)
Terrace steps, the, C. F: Droste se. eee *96
“The Rocks,’ Eben D. Jordan, West Man-
chester; Mass: {2..).. c.oneeeee neo YT
Tile, sheet metal.........5.0 ecu eee eee 280
Tile, Spanish metal’ ~o.4..4-6 -eaeeeeeeeee 136
Toilét powder 2...c.c..24 nos ne eee eee 63
Tracy, “Evarts, Plainfield) Nj. 22a eee *170
Training of cavalry officers in France, by
D: A. - Willey) vc¢..:temeteee One *182
Transplanting of growing trees, the, by
Charles’ Day (Airc acerca eee *310
Trask, Spencer; Saratovay Ne Yo “ee esee eee *369
Trees, transplanting of growing, by Charles
Day! isc 5s scree rstaaretereeta ls oldie pate tee nanaae 319
Underwood, W. O., Magnolia, Mass........ *388
Valueless suburban place was converted into a
productive estate, how a, by S. L. de
Fabry: i. ocieant octes0 0 Ree eee *176
Ventilation for the house ..............-...«- 115
Veranda, the, W. O. Underwood ........... *388
Walk, a sequested, Spencer Trask ........... *272
Walker, George H., Kennebunkport, Maine.. *27
Walls, artistic metal ceilings and ............ *208
Water ‘notes . ....0-0sond aoe eeae eee one 129
Ways to help: the individual .............-. 49
Whitman, A. A., Navesink Highlands, N. J..*230
Wild wood garden, how to lay out a, by
Leila, Mechlin 5.2.2 0...2. 00 er oe eeoeee *243
“ Windemere,” W. O. Underwood, Magnolia,
Mass. as.ccos s:d:0 0 si aeens 6 ho ae eee #388
Window: garden; the sce...) 333
Winter sanitation’ as csace o-ceieeee tee eae 403
Winter work © 25). 00.500 «520086 ) eet 404
Withdrawing-room, ithe) a... ener *201
Wistaria arbors, Tokyo, Japan, flower lovers
lunching: inden eeees eee eee *8
Wood-working machinery ...............-- 138
“ Woodcrest,’ James W. Paul, Jr., Radnor,
| 5): PPM Abii cine Apioc SoeccooLpe nce 155
Work for the public good, private ........... 405
“Vaddo,” Spencer Trask, Saratoga, N. Y...*369
Sample and
Circular
Free.
Mineral Wool
as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter,
Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED.
The lining is vermin-proof; neither rats, mice,
nor insects can make their way through or live in it.
MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps
out dampness.
Correspondence Solicited.
U. S. Mineral Wool Co.
139 Liberty St., NEW YORK CITY.
VERTICAL BEOTION,
CEOSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR,
INTERLOCI KING |
PODER TILING |
Made in One Ouality Only—The Best ¢
court rooms, vestibules, halls, billiard rooms, cafes, libraries, churches,
hospitals ze hotels. It 1s specially adapted for steamships, yachts,
etc., stand ing, without cracking or separating, the straining and rack-
ing of the ship. Each tile is interchangeable and distinct, but shaped so as to lock
y into the surrounding | tiles. The interlocking feature produces a solid
rubber floor, unlimited in size or shape, with all the durability of the hard
tile, without its liability to damage.
i Manufactured under our patent and sold only by us and our authorized
agents. BEWARE OF INFRINGERS. Estimates, designs and samples
rnished on application. Send for special catalogue.
OISELESS. non-slippery, sanitary and extraordinarily durable. ~
The finest floor that can be laid in business offices, banking rooms,
Patented and Manufactured Solely by
New York Belting & Packing Co.
91-93 Chambers St.. New York City [Led.
PHILADELPHIA, 724 Chestnut Street Branches ST.LOUIS . 218 Chestaut Street
CHICAGO . . 150 Lake Street ~ | BALTIMORE . 114 W. Baltimore St.
SAN FRANCISCO ~ 605 Mission Street BOSTON 232 Summer Street
INDIANAPOLIS 2298S Meridian Street BUFFALO 600 Prudential Building
PITTSBURG. 528 Park Building
LONDON, ENGLAND
Arthur L. Gibson & Co., 19-21 Tower Street, Upper St. Martin's Lane, W. C.
5
)
:
752 WEST LAKE STREET,
LOUIS F. GUNTHER
Manufacturer of the highest grade of
“ART GRILLE WORK” #,2!!Domestic and
CARVING IN FIGURES A SPECIALTY
Send for Designs and Price List
CHICAGO, ILL.
The yee Window anions Lock
A Safe-
aia for
entilating
Rooms. }
A Lock ) (a
quickly HN
applied and Wee! es
opera = ———=
y Affording see ,
Protection against
Intruders.
Children kept in.
Burglars kept out.
Write for Descrip-
tive Circular
Tue H.B. IVES C0,
New Haven, Conn., U.S.A,
hin
= or
SSS
1 Saas
= 253s
=<
Carpets
do not meet the requirements
of the modern house.
PARQUETRY FLOORING
is now holding their place.
This is everlasting, inexpen-
sive, and most pleasing in
effect
. Write for Pattern Catalogue and Price List
The Interior Hardwood Co.
MANUFACTURERS
tNOIANAPOLIS, ({ND.
= Going toBuild? 7
‘ ouR CATALOGUE “28 WITH PLANS '
AND PLATES TELLS YOUALL ABOUT IT, 800 PAGES, 6000 DESIG
SEND 20¢ FREE ror postace
Tie FosteR MUNGER (.cuscauss chucaco
_ HARDWOODVENEERED DOORS,
OI
“Witte \ I!
~~
EAT YOUR HOUSE WITH HOT WATER by the Andrews System,
designed for your building by engineers who have had eighteen years’ experi-
ence in all kinds of heating in the cold Northwest. The Andrews System is
manufactureied from the best material throughout, sold direct from the factory
to the user and guaranteed !o heat your building satisfactorily or money refunded.
It is sold on 360 days’ trial free. Send for our catalogue, '' Home Heating."
a Do not buy a heating plant until you investigate the Andrews System.
THE ANDREWS STEEL BOILER is manufactured from 60,000 lbs. tensile strength
flange steel; it has no cast iron sections ; cannot crack or break ; needs no repairs and is always ready
for use. It is stronger than cast iron and will last as long as your building. The soot can be
easily removed ; it has a big fire-pot and more than twice as much heating surface as any cast iron
boiler for the same size grate, and it will use from one-third to one-half less fuel in heating your
house than other styles.
REGURGITATING SAFETY VALVE and Group System of piping allow heating the
radiators as hot as in a steam plant, and make | 00 feet of radiation with the Andrews do the work
of 150 feet with others. The Andrews Hot-Water System heats up almost as quickly as steam.
ERECT YOUR OWN PLANT. The Andrews System is shipped with the pipe cut
to fit, and all directions and plans for setting up so that any handy man can erect the plant as well
as experienced steam-fitters. | We cut all the pipe in our factory and send plans showing where
every piece goes, with full directions, so that you cannot make a mistake. The work of erection
consists simply in boring the holes in the floor and ceiling and screwing the pipe together. Many
of our customers do this work themselves, or superintend it, saving from 25 to 50 per cent. on
local prices. Don’t say you cannot do it, or have not time for it, until _you find out something
about it. There is no reason for paying the plumbers’ excessive charges for this kind of work.
All this is described fully in our catalogue, "Home Heating." Send for it and read it
carefully. The Andrews System is sold on 360 days’ free trial. See our special offer.
WE DO IT RIGHT IN 44 STATES, CANADA AND ALASKA. The
Andrews System is used for heating all kinds of buildings: It has been tried under all sorts of
conditions and proved an unqualified success. Send for names of our customers in your vicinity.
Go and examine their plants. They will make greater claims for the Andrews System than we do.
FACTORY TO USER. We are the only manufacturers who design, sell and guarantee
the plant complete. Others make boilers alone, or radiators alone, or have a system of circulation,
but we furnish the whole plant, guarantee the whole plant and sell direct from Factory to User.
We give you the commissions which others pay to local dealers and traveling salesmen.
FREE ESTIMATES. Send your architect's plans, or a rough sketch of the building,
showing size and number of rooms, windows, doors and heights of ceiling, stating construction,
and we will send you an exact estimate of cost for the Andrews System, including all matenal,
pipe cut to fit, with full plans and directions so that any handy man or mechanic can erect the plant.
Send for our catalogue, ' Home Heating," and see just what information is necessary.
FREE CATALOGUE. Send the names of people who are in the market for heating
plants and we will send you, free of charge, our catalogue, ' Home Heating," describing and
showing why the Andrews System is used in 44 States, Canada and Alaska; also explaining fully
the principles of hot-water heating and telling how our plants are erected. Don’t buy a heating
plart until you have read this catalogue and fully investigated the merits of the Andrews System.
PLANT READY TO SHIP. All material is packed, marked and tagged ready for
shipment direct from factory to user. The valves, fittings, bronze, brushes, expansion tank and all
miscellaneous items needed to complete the plant are securely boxed and marked. - “Lhe boiler and _
radiators are tagged and the pipe is securely tied in bundles and the whole plant shipped in such”
shape as to insure complete delivery. We will prepay the freight, relieving you of all responsibility,
and ship the radiation, 70 per cent. of the weight, from the distributing point nearest you, equalizing
the freight rates so that you pay no more freight than your local dealer.
360 DAYS’ TRIAL FREE. If you want the highest grade, mcst practical, most
efficient and latest improved hot-water heating system at the lowest factory to user price, send
us your plans for our full estimate. The Andrews System is sold on 360 days’ trial free. If
at the end of that time it does not heat your building perfectly,or is unsatisfactory in anv way,
CSIs you can return it to us and we will refund your money and pay the return freight.
MINNEAPOLIS—325 Hennepin Avenue CHICAGO—128 La Salle Street
J
{
155 7576
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