eine ee poten oe ee yey oie ereyernatiess oben * fa pw hod orteretes, secant 5 ; Kiet este elit sg oe Neat osama wt weep het Fopemes id pote ate ane pe deyuhecngelepeterers aoe + avebesedacewpegete 554 QIRALIOAIQRAILPRYRALAOAMIORIRIRIKAY g (a) ag bY ® SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY & xO Q “ rg rw om rv) (ay a ny ro) (ay oe & g (ay a o 2) (ay 2 Dy co) a) x bY eg % fo} (a) DX) 4 : % ws om 9 (ay 2 oe io) (ay a % iv) (ay a oe .o) (ay a bY Q 0 Q a UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE . % & iv) (ay a oe 9g (ay rw oe rv) (ay rw 0% stosFasFasFoeMawtacFasFasLarKasasxas Haw GPO 16—53001-1 ae a < "1 © ir oe Near a aa 7 Aen ye SUR SB Ee ited < Be -MUNN-@-CO - | SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE [ - 361 — Broodway - NewYork =} xe i Wo 2) 8e Ay || Is Your Bathtub | Slippery? PORCELAIN BNAMBLED - Baths & One Piece _ Lavatories Pwtwicnprnaamesesmene ' wren Falis—Are caused either by foot- slipping on the bottom of tub, or by hand-slipping on the rim. Men slip mainly with the hands; women, mainly with the feet. The «* CANT-SLIP’’ appliances prevent both kinds. Foot-slipping—\s prevented by an all-rubber mat, safe, sanitary, large, light, and thoroughly comfortable. The surface is like cloth—no sharp edges to hurt. A neat, nickeled hanger comes with it, and takes care of mat when not in use. Made in six lengths and two widths. The average tub takes a 36x15 inch mat. Price at your dealer’s, $3.00. Hand-slipping—ls prevented by a rubber grip, attached to the rim (see lower cut ). This grip is shaped and surfaced so as to give a firm hold to the hand, no matter how soapy and slippery. One grip is enough. Price at your dealer’s, $2.00. In every home where the bathroom is the fount of family health, “Standard” fixtures remain the preferred equipment to every man and woman 4 fj) ; who takes pride in home surroundings. : . fee If you find any difficulty in getting mat “Stavdard” Fixtures are so beautiful in design and appearance, so pericct in theis Bi or grip, write us direct, and goods will be total freedom from cracks and crevices that their installation in your home, n Bl : only is a source of never ending personal satisfaction, but increases the value of = delivered anywhere east of Omaha at your property far beyond the original cost of the fixtures themselves. 2 : prices named. The fixtures shown in this illustration, “Statdard” Modern Bathroom Design P-37 cost approximately $81.50, not counting piping and labor. Whether you want an entire bathroom equipment, or only a lavatory, you will find our handsome book, “MODERN BATHROOMS” of the greatest assistance. It shows many simple, inexpensive interiors as well as luxur- ious ones} gives expert advice, suggestions for decoration and approximate cost of each fixture. Sent on receipt of six cents postage. (100 pages.) CAUTION: Every piece of “Stattdard” Ware bears our guarantee “Standard” ‘‘ Green and Gold A taben and has our trade-mark “Standard” cast on the outside. Unless the label and trade-mark are on fhe i ture, it is not “Standard’ Ware. Refuse substitutes—they are all inferior and will cost you more in the end. Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. pevt.23 PITTSBURGH, PA. Offices and Puta Neva ero Gone eee West 3ist Street EE é Th e Ca ntslt p B athtub Applia nce Co. 56-58 Pine Street, New York Use Lord & Burnham Co.’s G eens ce pe A \ i) - They are straight, durable and easily set in C @) Z H Oo me Cast IRON Gur place. Being exposed to the inside heat of the house, they readily free themselves from snow and ice. Our gutters are provided with grooves to catch drip from roof, and - patent iron clasps for fastening sash bars; also fittings to fasten the posts underneath. whether large or small, is the result of the use of ; oh PARQUETRY FLOORING These gutters can be used with any style of house They outwear many car- | PRICES UPON APPLICATION pets, and meet the taste * 6 Write to our New York Office for Greenhouse Construction Catalogue; also Heating and Ventilating Catalogue, ' (&E of the most fastidious which will be mailed on request Write for Pattern Catalogue and Price List LORD & BURNHAM COMPANY The Interior Hardwood Co. e New York Office General Office and Works ST. JAMES BLDG., 1133 BROADWAY IRVINGTON-ON-HUDSON, N. Y. MANUFACTURERS INDIANAPOLIS, IND. iar) “a Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year CONTENDS FOR JULY; 1905 THE ENTRANCE FRoNtT——“ The Rocks ” FLOWER-LOvERS LUNCHING UNDER BEAUTIFUL WISTARIA ARBORS, Tokyo, Japan MonTHLY COMMENT NoraBLe AMERICAN Homes—‘ The Rocks,” the Country Seat of Eben D. Jordan, Esc., Wes cuhubnchestene Vass... Carentan nets Mian. d Ne eae Nara Ghat 5 Sinielece é By Barr Ferree JAPANESE WISTARIA ARBORS ‘““ KINGDOR,” a Swiss Chalet “ Hituouse,” the Italian Villa of Floyd Ferris, Esq. Fire PRorectTion: The Question of Fireproof LES RESTON GEOR (Gis iii 8 OC INg MR DSS) DSO) te ae nie el een ae MEicmPeNers tiesumimer Llome omGeorgel. Walkemisq. .....04/s..50- 5.008 eee ee Heirs to Home BvuiLpING: Furnishing the House SCIENCE FOR THE Home: The Dangers of Cheap Houses AMERICAN GARDEN STATUARY PLANTs AND Music By Joy Wheeler Dow By dlice M. Kellogg By Charles F. Holder THE GARDEN: The Garden Month by Month—July Tue HovuseEnotLp: Syndicated Service—Taste in Household Decoration Civic BETTERMENT: The Political Aspect—Ways to Help: The Individual The Kitchen. Sanitary Improvements of the Home. New Books. Fifty Suggestions for the House. New Building Patents. Publishers’ Department. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, 1905. Price, 25 cents. $3.00 a year. Combined Rate for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, $5.00 per year. Rate of suecieuen eet HOMES AND GARDENS to foreign countries, $4.00 a year. :: :: i: Published Monthly by MUNN & COMPANY, Office of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, 361 Broadway, New York. [Copyright, 1905, by Munn & Company. Application made for entry as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y.] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold hirnself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be enclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. Nis Series of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BUILDING MONTHLY. Established in 1885. 84696 Japan Tokyo, Lovers Lunching Under Beautiful Wistaria Arbors, Flower AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Rear Porch “The Rocks,” Country Seat of Eben D. Jordan, Esq., at West Manchester, Mass. 10 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1905 Monthly Comment MERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS comes to its readers in this number as a mag- azine that is at once old and new. It is old in so far as it is the first issue of a new series of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BUILDING Monru_y. Unlike other magazines, there- fore, it has, from its first present issue, an assured and wide support, the support of an established clientele and the prestige of many years of successful publication in another form. But, save for this relation to its predecessor, the magazine is wholly and completely new. THE Home is the watchword of AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS—the home as a place to be located and built, to be designed and constructed, to be furnished and arranged, to be adjusted to its environment, to be adapted to individual and personal needs; a place to be lived in, a place in which the manifold duties and activities of the country life are centered and originated. This programme is a broad one, for it leaves nothing untouched that relates to the physical aspect of the home, and is directly concerned with the in- fluences these conditions have upon the home life itself. And the outdoor environment of the house will have equal attention in these pages, the gardens and fields, the streets and roads, the villages and towns. For the modern house is not a structure standing apart by itself, an object apart from every other object; but it is distinctly related to every- thing adjacent to it. All these matters come well within the scope of this magazine, and all will be adequately treated in it. Our programme will, therefore, be developed in the broadest way. Tue American home—the house, its furnishings, and its garden surroundings—has a strongly marked individuality, whose charm has won for it a well-earned and widely ac- knowledged reputation. The free use of the connecting arch and the portiére within the house, and.the wide-spreading porch without; the broad sweep of lawn or garden, un- walled and bordered by the public way—these are distinctive characteristics which will be richly illustrated and described in AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, by photographs of the best work of the architect, art dealer, decorator and landscape artist, as combined in typical examples. For- tunately the growth of the American people in artistic ap- preciation has kept pace with their growth in wealth; they have made free use of their broader opportunities for travel ; and their houses are being steadily enriched with intelli- gently selected art treasures, and decorated in those styles which have gained a wide acceptance as being true and en- during. This has been done without any sacrifice of the distinctly American features of our domestic architecture. These facts will be abundantly demonstrated in the pages of the new magazine. THE best domestic work of our leading architects will be illustrated with a wealth of illustration and a completeness of detail attained by no other publication. So, too, the most interesting gardens of America will be presented with the same care, and numerous special articles on matters relating to the home and garden will add to the magazine’s value. AMERICAN HoMES AND GARDENS looks back upon a successful career of twenty years. The first issue was dated November, 1885, and the magazine was then known as the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ EDI- TION. ‘This was in the early days of architectural periodical publication, and neither the material nor the mechanical means was at hand for adequate presentation of architectural themes. ‘Iwenty years ago is by no means a remote epoch, yet the domestic country work, which is now so representa- tive of the best thought of our architects, was then quite undeveloped. ‘here were no photographic reproductions in this first issue, but it contained two colored plates and a ‘detail’ sheet. The new magazine evidently filled a place and met a want, for in less than a year a small country house —published in the number for October, 1886—attracted so much attention that the entire edition was quickly exhausted, necessitating a republication of this design in the issue for December following. ‘The incident is of value as demon- strating, at a very early day, the public appreciation of the new publication. ONCE begun, the Architects’ and Builders’ Edition of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN embarked upon a prosperous and busy career. The first photograph was printed in the num- ber for July, 1888, and from that time onward every ad- vantage was taken of the rapidly perfecting art of reproduc- ing photographs, until the magazine became universally recognized and appreciated for the beauty of its illustrations, a feature that has always had the most careful attention and to which the success of the publication has been largely due. The next most significant event in the history of the magazine occurred with the issue for January, 1902, when the name was changed to the more harmonious form of the SCIEN- TIFIC AMERICAN BuILpING MonrTu_y. The history of the magazine from that date to the present is too freshly in the minds of our readers to need further comment. Each issue in the past has been marked by an improvement over the preceding issue, and this record, continued for so long a time, is sufiicient warranty for the future which AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS has for its readers. A GrouP of illustrations in the first issue of the ScIEN- TIFIC AMERICAN, ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ EDITION, reproduces several new buildings then ranked as among the most prominent in New York. It is a highly significant fact, and most flattering to their architects, that each of these can be so ranked to-day. ‘They included the Produce Exchange, the house of Mr. W. K. Vanderbilt, the Dakota Apartment House, the Eden Musée, and the Central Park Apartments, now known as the Navarro Flats. ‘These constitute a not- able group of buildings. The Produce Exchange was, for many years, the largest brick building in America, and still holds its own, both in size and in architectural merit, among the great structures of the Metropolis. Mr. Vanderbilt’s house, although not then nor now the largest private resi- dence in New York, is still one of our most beautiful private city houses, and a dwelling of quite unusual architectural grace. The Dakota well holds its own among the gaudy and ornate splendors of later apartment houses. The Eden Musée is an excellent type of the contemporary French architecture of its day. The Navarro Flats are certainly imposing and are more restrained in treatment than it is likely they would be were they to be built to-day. They con- stitute an interesting group of buildings that, notwithstand- ing the vast changes in New York architecture since they were built, is still interesting and important. July, 1905 ANEREOAN | HOMES AND GARDENS V1 Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree “The Rocks,’ The Country Seat of Eben D. Jordan, Esq., West Manchester, Mass. PICTURESQUE place, picturesquely sit- uated, is a rapid but quite accurate descrip- tion of Mr. Jordan’s extensive country seat at West Manchester. In reality it is much at once studied and natural. It is studied, in that the utmost advantage has been made of the natural sur- roundings; it is natural, in that the organic beauties of the site—the elements of natural attractiveness that determined the erection of a building on this spot, and the development more than this, for its picturesque quality is — charm of the estate, and the charm of each is not only great of its kind, but the immediate juxtaposition of such diverse developments of nature is itself beautiful ana impressive. Quite naturally, therefore, the rocky formation gives the name, ‘“‘ The Rocks,” to the estate; quite naturally the house is placed on the furthest verge of the land, immediately over- looking the sea; and quite naturally a thoroughly pictur- esque style of architecture was chosen for the building, very happily in keeping with the irregular character of the sur- roundings. 3S cae WS Te MONS A mo ea wD 2 GS of ere toe bY ee ae The Terrace of a large country estate here—have, in their turn, been correlated to the house, the grounds and other buildings. These matters are quite essential to the well-being of a house from an architectural standpoint, and they are funda- mental truths that are very excellently illustrated in this fine dwelling. The landscape at once determined the general style of the house and gave it itsname. A vast pile of rocks, thoroughly picturesque as such natural formations invariably are, bound the water side of the estate, beyond which are the deep waters of the Atlantic. Further inland is a magnificent forest. These two features constitute the great natural The house is reached by a splendid avenue that approaches it through grounds laid out with fine taste and kept in beau- tiful condition. It leads immediately to a spacious fore- court, where a flight of stone steps is the approach to a ter- race, grassed and planted in the Italian style and containing carved marble seats and tables. Verandas on either side bring the house onto the terrace, one of them serving as an outdoor living-room. The house is built of rough-faced red brick with Indiana limestone trimmings. ‘The upper story is chiefly in half- timber work. ‘The Elizabethan has been chosen for the 12 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS “The Rocks’”-—The Hall July, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 13 July, 1905 “The Rocks ””—The Dining-Room “The Rocks” —The Drawing-Room 14 AMERICAN HOMES architectural forms, and the materials and style are ad- mirably adapted to the pic- turesque landscape in which the house is situated. Ram- pant lions on columns on either side of the main doorway are both orna- mental in themselves and sufficiently dignify the chief entrance. ivowsar d thelyseay the house presents an ensemble of half-timbered gables, deeply sloping roofs, mas- sive chimneys and retreat- ing and projected masses; harmoniously combined, it is true, but offering that varied quality of form and outline which is properly in keeping with the natural scenery in which it is placed. The sea front is, in truth, a clever adaptation of the regular to irregular effects. The salient features of the house plan stand out in the two projections whose gable ends form the distin- guishing characteristics of this front. One of these gables is broken by a chimney whose massive base “The Rocks”—The Staircase “The Rocks ””»—A Chamber AND GARDENS July, 1905 rises in strongly cut recess- ings until a tall group of chimney stacks cleaves one side of the gable just below its apex. It is a daring de- vice, because while the chimney begins fairly in the center at the lower floor, it ends at its top quite mark- edly to one side. This means an irregularity in de- sign which if it had not a merit of suitable adjustment to the interior might very well be put down to a vag- ary of the designer. Asa matter of fact it gives a great chimney-piece in the center of the first-story room; in the second story the chimney is developed somewhat to one side, so that the end has two win- dows on one side of the chimney and one on the other; in the gable the chimney passes wholly be- yond the recessed balcony and window, which forms the feature of the gable, manifesting very clearly the subordination of the fireplace to the admission of light and air to the rooms. Aa > oD ad July, 1905 The other gable is treated with even greater boldness and a quite startling disregard of the demands of symmetry. The whole of this front is broken on one side by a great semi- octagonal projection whose roof without windows is cut by the main gable and whose other roof on the side is cut again by a still lower gable which surmounts its wing. It is needless to say that there is absolutely no unity between the chimney of the one gable and the semi-octagon of the other, and yet they have this in common, that each is applied to the corresponding part of the main building, and hence each contributes its own quota toward the effect of the whole. That a similarly shaped porch partly cuts the base of the chimney possibly helps in restoring the sense of symmetry which, after all, is the prevailing feature in this front, not- withstanding a great dissimilarity of its various parts. These portions form what may be termed the furthest projection of the house, which, being of great size, is from this side apparently of great depth and extent. This ap- parentness is, of course, very real and true, for the house is in every sense of great size. Thus the central part, whose chief features have just been noted, is flanked on either side by further buildings; on the left by a great open porch with a semi-octagonal end whose pointed roof rises into the gable of the main building. On the other side the structure is greatly developed with gables and porches, forming a fine series of recesses and expanded parts. The great feature of the sea front, after all, is the terrace that rises directly above the rocks from which the place de- rives its name. This is a grassed spot built within a retaining wall of stone on which is a balustrade of small superimposed arches, with brick piers surmounted with base. Tables of carved stone, benches and other garden furniture of Italian origin gives a distinctive character to this terrace. A spacious hall serves as a delightful and inviting en- trance to the house. It is paneled throughout in dark old English oak. The chief ornament of the cornice is a hand- somely carved band arranged in panel-like divisions. On the left is a large stone fireplace and mantel, and to the right is the staircase leading to the upper parts of the house. Very elaborate indeed is the carving of the stair balustrade and that of the balcony from which it rises. Great chairs are placed here, so spacious are the dimensions, and the furniture of the entire room is of a rich and ornate description. This AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS I On consists chiefly of genuine old English oak, but includes, among some other pieces, some chairs of Italian origin. This room, of course, serves both as the entrance to the house and as the apartment from which the other rooms are reached. It is, quite literally, the focus of the whole dwelling. The dining-room is paneled in mahogany, the panels being alternately large and small above a paneled base. The room is divided into three great parts by massive beams supported by Roman Ionic columns and pilasters. In the central division one side is filled with a marble mantel. The furniture consists of fine examples of Chippendale, and the paintings hung against the panels are chiefly old portraits. A semicircular sun parlor opens from this room to which the green and white draperies give a cool and delightful charm. The billiard-room, like the dining-room, opens directly from the hall, and is the first of a superb suite of apartments. The walls are paneled in wood to a deep frieze, which is carried wholly around the apartment, and which is painted in sea scenes. On one side is the fireplace, with an ingle nook immediately adjoining it. A great carved settle and mas- sive chairs stand on the platform overlooking the billiard table. Beyond the billiard-room is the music-room. It is reached by descending a few steps and passing through a passage lighted by leaded windows. It is paneled in white, relieved with green silk hangings beautifully embroidered. The elaborate mantel is faced with onyx and has a hearth of the same rich material. A reception-room, which may be di- rectly reached from the hall, opens from the music-room. Once more the walls are paneled, the upper panels and the upper part of the narrow strips on each side of the mantel containing delicate floral ornaments. The furniture is of satin wood with pink coverings. The den, which is intended for Mr. Jordan’s exclusive use, is furnished in green and white, a combination of colors so general throughout the house as to be quite predominant. The fireplace, on each side of which is a bookcase, is of red glazed tiling. The furniture is old English in design. The upper floor is, of course, given up to suites of bed- room, provision being made alike for the family and for many guests. Each suite has a definite character of its own, and is finished and furnished in a distinctive manner. Japanese Wistaria Arbors RNG APAN is truly the land of flowers. A rapid succession of lovely bloom marks the march of the season, each succeeding one another so 3 quickly that there is no time for “ between seasons,” each so predominant i in its color- note, so penetrating in its beauty, so ravish- ing in its Eopelisiess, that one’s admiration is baffled by the entrancing beauty of Japanese landscapes and wonder at the variety and completeness with which each flower succeeds one another. The cherry blossom is succeeded by the wistaria toward the end of April and the beginning of May, and the arbor of every tea-house is forthwith hung with masses of purple clusters, while the surrounding hills and fields are ablaze with soft-flowered and luxuriant azaleas. At some of the larger places, says Mr. George G. Rittner, in his interesting ‘‘ Impressions of Japan,” where tea-houses are prominently placed along the roadside, can be seen those wonderful arbors of wistaria, purple and white blossoms hanging down in masses from the trellis-work above; some- times whole verandas surround the houses, literally covered with this magnificent flower. To sit underneath one of these arbors and admire the surrounding country is enchanting. No sun can penetrate the trellis-work on account of the masses of flowers, and later on account of the covering caused by the thickly grown leaves. Under these bowers one can sit all day watching the streets with their interesting people passing, or the gardens magnificently laid out and wonderfully well kept. It is almost impossible to find a weed on the grass, or an ugly twig on a tree. The tea- house keeper probably takes a morning constitutional with his family around his garden, to see whether the night has brought out anything to offend the most critical, and, if so, that offending twig or weed is plucked up and thrown away where it can never again make itself objectionable. A very charming view of wistaria arbors near Tokyo forms the frontispiece of this number of AMERICAN Homes AND GARDENS. It is a beautiful and bewitching picture, although the architectural forms are of the slightest. But the wonderful beauty of the wistaria blossoms, and the quiet flow of the water make a scene of singular beauty, to which the quaint figures of the Japanese men and women, in their brilliant clothing, give the human interest. 16 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1905 ‘“ Kingdor.”” A Swiss Chalet At Summit, New Jersey HE house of Paul Gaderbush, Esq., at Sum- mit, N. J., to which has been given the pic- turesque name of “ Kingdor,” is based on a Swiss chalet. The terrace at the front is built with a stone foundation of rock-faced red sandstone laid up at random. Above this stonework the balustrade is enclosed with a wall of brick. The remainder of the under- pinning of the building is built of similar stone. The first story is stuccoed and the second and third stories are covered “* Kingdor’’—The Staircase with shingles. “The beams and trimmings are of cypress fin- ished with a treatment of brown stain, very soft and dull in tone. The shinglework is stained a lighter shade. The roof is covered with shingles left to finish a natural silvery gray color, which sparkle most brilliantly in the sunlight. The piazza, at the side of the house, is enclosed with glass in the winter, and forms a sun-parlor. The interior throughout is trimmed with gulf cypress and is finished in its natural color. It is protected with a wax- finish which reveals the greater beauty of its grain. The hall has a large vestibule with a paneled seat. The remaining space at the side of the vestibule is taken up with a coat closet. There is a beamed ceiling and a staircase of good design, which is lighted by a cluster of small leaded glass windows on the main landing. The drawing-room is treated in an unique manner. It has a wainscoting, formed of cypress battens placed perpen- dicularly, to the height of four feet, and then finished with a plate rack. hese battens, placed as they are, form panels, which are plastered in a rough manner and tinted in har- mony with the color scheme. The ceiling is finished with a wooden cornice. This room has an open fireplace built of pressed brick and terra cotta, with an ornamental mantel of similar brick and terra cotta. Bookcases are built in at one side of the room. ‘The library opens into the conserva- tory, and it is furnished with a similar wainscoting and fire- place as the drawing-room. The dining-room, to the left of the entrance, is furnished with a paneled wainscoting, wooden cornice and plate rack. An open fireplace is built, with brick facings and hearth, and is fitted with a mantel of cypress treated in the Swiss Gothic style. The wall space above the plate rack is covered with paper in tapestry effects. The butler’s closet is well fitted, and has a sink, dresser, closets, etc. The kitchen has a large “ Kingdor”’—Fireplace store pantry, a lobby large enough to admit ice box, and all the best conveniences. The second story contains five bedrooms, with well fitted closets, and a bathroom, furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. ‘The attic contains the servant quarters and bath, besides ample storage space. A furnace, laundry, fuel room, cold storage space, etc., are placed in the cellar, which is cemented. Mr. John Wheeler Dow, architect, Wyoming, N. J. AND GARDENS AMERICAN HOMES ~ SSO a A Ler koorz 7x16 ey Conseevarory L/ORAR Y x 5 (NM IMG Ler Roort Y EX 14 6 Ny alec M4 ¢ Boost 41g é é 4 OL£coN? [Loo eer anc “ Kingdor.” A Swiss Chalet at Summit, New Jersey 18 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1905 The House of Sherman Evarts, Esq. Plainfield, New Jersey HE house of Sherman Evarts, E'sq.. at Plain- field, N. J., is the subject of these illus- trations. The building is square in form, and the detail is of the Colonial style. A feature of importance is the terrace extend- ing across the front and terminating into a piazza at either end. The detail of the front entrance is par- ticularly good, and its broad doorway, with its narrow win- dows on either side glazed with leaded glass in an old Colo- ‘nial pattern, its fluted pilasters with Tonic capitals, and its massive pediment which surmounts the whole, is excellent. The house is built with a red brick underpinning and a shin- gled exterior of natural cedar shingles. The trim- mings are painted white. The hall, which is a central one, is trimmed with white pine treated with white enamel paint. It contains an ornamental staircase of Colonial de- sign, with a broad land- ing and a paneled seat, above which there is a cluster of stained glass windows shedding a soft and pleasant light over both the upper and lower halls. The living-room is trimmed with chestnut stained and finished in a dark Flemish brown. It has a beamed ceiling and a baywindow with paneled seats. The fire- place is built of pressed brick, laid in red mortar, and the whole is finished witha amantel. ‘ihe walls are covered with a dull green burlap with good effect. To the right of the en- trance is the library, which is trimmed with pine and painted black, while the walls are covered with crimson burlap, the whole finished with a wooden cornice. There are bookcases built in and extending around the room, and an open fireplace with pressed brick facings and hearth, and a very good mantel. The dining-room is treated with white enamel, and has a bluish-gray wall covering above the paneled wainscoting, which is finished with a wooden cornice. ‘The room is oc- tagonal in form, and in order to make it a complete octagon a china closet has been built into one corner and provided with leaded glass doors. The open fireplace is built of brick, A Colonial Doorway House of Sherman Evarts, Esq., at Plainfield, New Jersey and has a mantel of Colonial style. The butler’s pantry is fitted with all the best modern conveniences, including a sink, dressers, drawers, etc. The kitchen and its dependencies are also well fitted in a similar manner. Special care has, throughout, been lavished on all the mechanical equipment. The second floor is trimmed with white enamel paint, and contains four bedrooms and two bathrooms, besides two ser- vant bedrooms and bathroom, which have been placed over the kitchen extension. ‘The bathrooms are treated through- out with white enamel paint and are furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nick- elplated plumbing. The third floor contains two bedrooms, trunk room and a children’s play- room. The Jaunde, heating apparatus, fuel rooms, etc., are placed in the cellar. It is quite easy to see, from this rapid descrip- tion, what is the element which makes this house at once agreeable and comfortable. This is, without doubt, its sim- plicity. It is a straight- forward direct design, unencumbered with un- necessary —_ architectural details, yet conceived in quiet taste. The doorway forms quite naturally the chief ornamental feature of the entrance front. There is, indeed, nothing else; for the windows are with- out emphasized treat- ment, although the group of four on the living- room side is in pleasant contrast with the single window placed in the front wall of the library. This window treat- ment of the first story is the single instance of variety in the whole win- dow scheme. ‘Those of the upper story are quite symmetrical; the central windows while different in shape and design from the others are direct expressions of the interior. The dormers in the high slop- ing roof once more carry out the idea of simplicity which is the predominating quality of the design. And this is true of the whole house; the massing of the parts, the broad sweep of the porches, the ensemble, is eminently simple and direct. It is obviously a livable house. Mr. John P. Benson, architect, Windsor Arcade, Forty- seventh Street and Fifth Avenue, New York. July, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES [4b 414 | Lig hears. 7 4GZ “4H, MIT CHEN DNs Poort Lorrry Tat —— #20 AND GARDENS el, | Ber Roors UW DEX io elo House of Sherman Evarts, Esq., Plainfield, Secon? floor New Jersey No) 20 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1905 ‘Hilhouse,’”” the Italian Villa of Floyd Ferris, Esq. Hartsdale, New York JT IS doubtful if a more picturesque or attrac- tive bit of country within a radius of twenty miles of New York City, is to be found, than that embraced in the village of Harts- dale, New York. ‘This tract of country is rolling in character and is abounding in well cultivated farms in the valley, from which rises a suc- cession of woodland hills. Upon leaving the little station at Hartsdale, where the train lands one, the way points toward the fields, and a private avenue, descending slightly to the vale on either side, winds its way to the cross roads, at the junction of which a road to the right rises to a plateau, where it terminates at the entrance to “‘ Hilhouse,” the home of Floyd Ferris, Esq. After passing through the gateway, at either side of which there are placed massive stucco columns, a short drive brings The Porch AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 21 July, 1905 Seconn/Loor Bir Poors 70. 6x14. Der Poort ix 16 al || ie - sb iinet q . CT : We = Qe L && “ ‘ Ve @ ae ere © & |] “ Hilhouse””—Italian Villa of Floyd Ferris, Esq., Hartsdale, New York 22 AMERICAN HOMES one to the entrance of the house. From nearly every room interesting vistas are obtained across country, beyond which is Long Island Sound. The architects of the house, Messrs. Rositter and Wright, have formulated their design after the Italian style. It is well carried out with a simplicity that is beautiful, and the gray stucco walls harmonize well with the green copper roof, with which the house is crowned, blend- ing itself into the varied greens of the over-hanging trees with which the place is surrounded. The entrance porch placed at the north side of the house and the loggia at the south side form the principle char- acteristic of the exterior scheme. i > + 2 et il r VE -, Z ut . a 7? me bs Me oe E “ Hilhouse ””°—A Doorway The entire house is covered with stucco with its surface left in a rough state, and the whole tinted a dull gray color. The columns to the porch and the loggia are made of cement and molded into form. The ornamental capitals are molded in the same manner, except that they are tinted in the color of terra cotta. The floor of the loggia, upon which these columns rest, is paved with brick laid in herring-bone pattern. The blinds are made of solid wood and are paneled. These blinds, and also the trim, are painted a light apple green. The roof is covered with copper, which has now changed to a mossy green. The entrance to the house opens into the reception-hall, which is trimmed with white pine and treated with white enamel paint. It has a paneled wainscoting, above which the walls are covered with crimson burlap, and the whole fin- ished with a wooden cornice. The beamed archway is sup- ported on a column, forming the newel post to the staircase, which rises from the reception-hall. The treads and balus- ters are of white painted pine, and the rail is of mahogany. The fireplace is built with red faced brick for the hearth and facings, and is furnished with a mantel of wood of the Colonial style. The floor is laid with parquetry. The den, at the rear of the hall, is trimmed with cypress, and is finished with a forest green effect. It has bookcases built in, and also an open fireplace, furnished with brick fac- ings and a mantel. The alcove to the reception-room is AND GARDENS July, 1905 separated by an archway which is quite unusual, for it is formed with pilasters which rise to the spring of the arch. The space formed by this archway is filled in with a transom, which is glazed in a geometrical pattern, thereby precluding all draughts, and yet retaining the open effect desired. The reception-room is trimmed with pine treated with white paint. ‘The floor is covered with a golden brown, in one tone, and the walls are treated similar and are finished with a wooden cornice. Bookcases are built in with latticed doors, glazed with plate glass. The dining-room is an attractive apartment, and is fin- ished with a white painted trim. ‘The walls are covered with a green and white striped paper, above which the ceiling is finished with a wooden cornice. The fireplace has brick fac- ings, a tiled hearth and an antique mantel of exceptional style of the Colonial period. The butler’s pantry, and the kitchen and its dependencies are well located, and are provided with all the best modern conveniences. ‘Vhe rear porch is enclosed with latticework. The loggia at the south side of the house is enclosed with glass in winter, and forms a sunparlor. The second floor is trimmed with pine and painted white. It contains five bedrooms and three bathrooms. ‘The latter are furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The four principal bedrooms have open fireplaces built of brick and provided with Colonial mantels. The servants’ quarters and trunk room are placed on the third “* Hilhouse ”>—The Hall floor. The heating apparatus, fuel rooms, cold storage and - laundry are located in the cellar. Mr. Ferris, a student of plant life, has devoted much at- tention to the development of his garden. ‘The planting has been so arranged that a continual bloom prevails from early spring till late in the autumn. ‘The “ rockery ” on the slopes of the terrace at the south side of the house is particularly interesting, as well as the garden itself. With a broad open country for its site and an acreage at command, much more is to be done in the building of pergolas, sun dials and settles and the addition of all other necessary accessories for a well regulated garden estate. July, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 23 “ Hilhouse”’—The Dining-Room Fire Protection The Question’ of Fireproof T IS a good sign of the times that the ques- {tion of fire protection is receiving very wide attention. And it is no wonder this is so. In the last few years the United States has been visited by a series of disastrous fires, Ka which have been so extensive as to make the terms ‘‘ Baltimore fire,” ‘‘ Patterson fire,’ ‘‘ Rochester fire ”’ and others both descriptive and definite. These great conflagrations, however, by no means sum up the total fire loss in this country, which, for many years, has averaged millions of dollars in the value of property de- stroyed, and many more millions in the injury they bring to business and the personal losses they entail which can scarcely ever be estimated in total amounts. But it has been the great fires, like that of Baltimore, which have concentrated public attention on this very important subject. The sweeping away of an entire business section of a great city was a national calamity, and the wider public, which had not hitherto concerned itself with fire losses and their morals, was rudely awakened to the realities of a very great danger. In the wide discussion of these matters which is now tak- ing place the question of fireproofing takes a front rank. Is the modern building fireproof or only partly so? And if not completely fireproof, why is a certain class of buildings so designated? The confusion in the public mind—the pub- lic which knows little of the science of construction and of the progress and experiments made within the last twenty years—is due entirely to a misunderstanding of the word fire- proof. As used in insurance, architectural and building circles to-day the word does not mean that a “ fireproof ”’ building will not burn, or that it is perfectly capable of resisting fires. It is a word whose meaning is relative only, and rightly so, since inflammable material must, to a greater or less extent, enter into the construction of every building, large or small, public or private. And the great fires have, most unmistakably, shown the value of such construction. ‘The buildings that have been destroyed have been buildings of the old type, which made no pretense to fireproofing. ‘The buildings that survived have been those built in accordance with scientific ideas of fire protection in the structure itself. Let it be granted, if you will, that this protection is but relative, it has a positive value which much recent experience has shown to be of the highest practical utility. It can not be long, notwithstanding the greater expense of the fireproof building construction, when this system is also applied to the private dwelling. The demands for this are already loud, and a number of costly houses have been built in the last few years that are actually fireproof in the insur- ance meaning of the term. Such an extension of fireproof construction will mean much for the safety of lives and property in our large cities. 24 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1905 The Residence of Charles T. Ives, Esq. Montclair, New Jersey SGHE residence of Charles T. Ives, Esq., at Montclair, N. J., is a house designed in the Georgian style of architecture with a portico at the front with massive columns. The hall and principal rooms of the first story are trimmed with white pine painted white. Entrance to the various rooms of the first story is through broad openings furnished with pilasters and fluted columns supporting arches, which have carved moldings. All the windows are trimmed to correspond. There are no doors in the first story, except from the hall and dining-room. The hall has a four-foot paneled wainscoting, and a wooden cornice. The wall space between has a brilliant wall covering. The fireplace is built with the facings and a hearth of Roman brick, and a carved mantel. ‘The staircase is of Colonial style with a newel post formed of a cluster of balusters from which springs a rail of mahogany. ‘The feature of the hall is the large electric-action pipe organ placed on the first landing of the stairs, and seen from the entrance hall looking through a series of columns and arches. The organ case was specially designed by the architect, and the instrument is played from the music-room. The living-room, or library, contains a number of built- in bookcases, and a mantel that follows the general treat- ment of the window and door openings. Framed in, above the mantel shelf, is a reproduction of part of the western frieze of the Parthenon. ‘The facings and the hearth are laid with Roman brick. ‘The particular feature of interest in the music-room is the mantel. The dining-room has a china closet built in, the treatment of which is similar to that used for the mantel in the music- room. ‘The mantel of this room also contains a built-in china closet. Both the china mantel cabinets are lined with mirrors and contain plate glass shelves. ‘The prevailing tones of the dining-room papers are buff and brown. ‘The balance of the first story is occupied by the butler’s pantry and kitchen. The second story contains four bedrooms, den and two bathrooms. ‘The trim of this floor is of white pine, treated with white paint, except the den, which is in Flemish oak. The bathrooms are furnished with porcelain fixtures, the best sanitary plumbing and nickelplated pipes. There are three large bedrooms, a bathroom and ample storage space on the third floor. Mr. A. F. Norris, architect, 150 Nassau St., New York. View Looking Through Hall me July, 1905 =. AMERICAN HOMES STi iiiy *PIAZZA- Perct [. a "KITCHEN: won 1653” . \EESIS DV TLER's SS = “PANTRY: a e = N \$ DINING -RM- 16:3" 1&0" wd, “LIBRARY: a = 16:3 x 2570" “HALL: a @-MVSIC* RM: I5°O" nx 1G 3" a a a “= poles Z “PORTICO: AND GARDENS *DEN- BS KOT cls *CHAMBER: (o's 136" Few “CHAMBER: ISI 3"\ 17/6" * CHAMBER: IB.Sarte's" | CHAMBER: IZGKX(ES * SECOND: FLOOR Je PSAP CIRILS OPE AA IN| < Residence of Charles T. Ives, Esgq., Montclair, New Jersey “PLAN > 26 AMERICAN HOMES AND *GARDEDRS July, 1905 The Living-Room The Hall Residence of Charles T. Ives, Esq., Montclair, New Jersey July, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES iw) ~) AND GARDENS ‘Rock Ledge,” the Summer Home of George H. Walker, Esq. Kennebunkport, Maine HIS recently completed house has been built as the summer home of George H. Walker, Esq., at Kennebunkport, Maine. The site is a very rocky and rugged one, from wahich the name ‘“ Rock Ledge” is derived. Its rugged cliffs rise high up out of the sea. ~The house has been designed in the style of the modern rambling and elongated type, is built out over the rocks, and rests upon stone footings, which have been built and brought up to a proper level for the foundation. The building, blue, green and brown. ‘The house has an average length of 145 feet and a depth of 35 feet. The entrance has a small porch only, but broad piazzas on the ocean side afford both the view and the privacy needed in a house of this description. The principal living-room, located in the center of the house, with openings on both sides, forms the nucleus of the whole plan, and the den adjoining opens onto a long piazza, for the use of the family, and is so designed and located as to afford ample shelter from the sun, and yet be swept by the prevailing breezes from the southwest. At the other extreme end of the house is the The Entrance above, is constructed of wood, and is covered on the exterior framework, from the grade to the peak, with cedar shingles, which are stained a soft brown color. The trimmings are painted a dark bottle green. The roof is also covered with shingles and is stained a dull green, with harmonious effect; it blends well into the scheme of color used for the side walls. The columns of the piazza, the terrace wall, and chimneys are built of rock-faced field stone taken from the premises, and are very beautiful in their colors of old gray, servants’ accommodations, which are conveniently placed as to utilize the same breeze to carry off all the cooking odors and smoke. The living-room is trimmed with yellow pine, treated with stain and finished in a forest green. It has a paneled wain- scoting and a beamed ceiling. ‘The staircase, while placed conveniently, is practically isolated from view by the paneled seat with its high back and its ornamental balustrade. On the opposite side of the room there is an ingle nook provided 28 AMERICAN’ HOMES AND GARDERMS “Rock Ledge ’”’—Ocean Front July, 1905 July, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 29 Vy “Rock Ledge ’—The Living-Room ony (it ‘Rock Ledge ’—The Piazza 30 AMERICAN HOMES The fireplace is built with brick fac- The den has a similar fire- with a paneled seat. ings and hearth and a mantel. place, and also a window seat. The woodwork is of yellow pine treated in Flemish brown. The walls are treated with battens forming panels, which are filled in with green burlap. The dining-room, which is placed two steps below the level of the living-room floor, is treated with white enamel paint, and has a paneled wainscoting of the Colonial type. The walls above this wainscoting are covered with a brilliant wall covering, with a white back-ground showing a large green figure, and the whole finished with a molded cornice. The fireplace is built of red brick laid in white mortar, with the facings and hearth of a similar brick and a mantel of Colonial style. On one side of the fireplace is a buffet built in, with cupboards below the counter shelf and shelves above, which are enclosed with leaded glass doors and the whole trimmed with bronze furnishings. The circular baywindow at the op- posite end of the room is well placed, from which a view is obtained up and down the coast. AND GARDENS July, 1905 The butler’s pantry is well fitted with sink, drawers, shelves, etc. - The kitchen is planned with ventilation at both ends, and thereby provides a very cool and comfortable kitchen. It is fitted with a sink, counter, range, store pantry, well fitted laundry shed, for the storage of fuel, and a ser- vants’ dining-hall, which is a necessary adjunct to the well appointed house. The second story is treated with white paint, and this floor contains six bedrooms, two bathrooms, besides two servants’ bedrooms with a private stairway to the kitchen. A feature of this plan is that the hall is kept to the front so that the principal rooms face the ocean. Some of the bedrooms have paneled seats, open fireplaces, and all are treated with artistic wall decorations. The bathrooms are furnished with porce- lain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The third floor contains the trunk room and several extra rooms. Messrs. Chapman and Frazer, architects, 8 Exchange Place, Boston, Mass. Helps to Home Building Furnishing the House 4 HE house built, it remains to furnish it. To many persons, and rightly so, this is not a task, but a pleasure. It is the portion of home-making that seems to fall especially to the women, and as an opportunity for the s practise of the art of shopping it is clearly unrivaled. As in all the stages of home building and home making, the utmost patience is required. It is a work that falls naturally and by right to the owner. The furnishing of a house is a task that should be attacked with enthusiasm and pursued with leisure. It is the hardest kind of hard work. It requires patience and discrimination ; it needs good taste; it demands a knowledge of the uses of furniture, and it necessitates a purchasing taste that many people think they have, but which few really possess. The responsibilities involved are so great that it is, in a very true sense, a big undertaking. On the whole the home maker who starts entirely fresh, with absolutely no furniture to begin with, has much the better of it. One never knows what to do with old furni- ture—furniture that is simply old and without the artistic merit and interest of antique furniture. ‘This is especially true when the pieces are good enough to use and entirely too good to be thrown away or converted into kindling. Yet if one has the means to entirely furnish a house from top to bottom it would often be better to throw away the old un- interesting pieces and start afresh in every way. There is, moreover, a special interest in furnishing a house as a whole. It provides an opportunity for individual treatment such as no other method can give. It is a pleas- ure, and a very real pleasure, to furnish a room completely ; and this pleasure can be repeated several times when a whole house is to be done. But a surfeit of joys is sometimes weari- some, and the work should not be begun lightly. One is very likely to become tired before the job is half done. Various expedients are at hand for aiding in this task. The architect stands open-handed and ready (for a commis- sion) to furnish your house for you completely, and apply the same care to its internal equipment as he has shown in its design and construction. This is not only an expensive way of furnishing, but it is the most expensive way. Many of the most splendid homes in America have been furnished in this way and have been turned over to the owners in a thoroughly complete manner. The magnificent house ar- ranged for the late Mr. William C. Whitney in New York is a conspicuous example of this style of furnishing. Many other great American houses have been similarly equipped. This method is, however, quite exceptional, and is only open to the very rich. Yet help from the architect can often be had without going to the expensive extreme to which Mr. Whitney went. His architects ransacked Europe for the costliest treasures of household art, and his palace, when completed, was a veritable museum of rare and sumptuous furnishings. It would be unfair to guess at the cost of this rich equipment, or to surmise the architects’ commission; the latter was, unquestionably, very large. Another aid to furnishing is supplied by professional dec- orators and furnishers. These folk have flourished amaz- ingly of late years. They will furnish your house as ex- pensively as you please, and, in a thoroughly legitimate busi- ness way, charge a stout commission for their services. They earn their money. They employ capable workmen; they have a thorough knowledge of styles; they are in instant touch with the sources of supply, whether the furniture be new or old; and they can, if so desired, produce most elab- orate results, results quite as artistic as those produced by the architect, who, indeed, will often transfer this portion of his commission wholly to the professional decorators. An in- teresting case in point is supplied by the great house of Mr. H. M. Flagler, at Palm Beach, Fla. A well known firm of New York architects designed and built his house, and executed the main hallway; all the rest of it, including the very elaborate public rooms and a most extended series of bedrooms, were executed entirely by a decorating firm, which assumed responsibility for every detail of the interior. Mr. Flagler’s house, and many others which belong to the same class, are, of course, most extensive mansions. ‘They are exceptional houses, decorated and furnished in an ex- ceptional way. The professional furnisher prizes such op- portunities, not only because of the satisfaction felt in suc- cessfully carrying out large undertakings, but because of the financial considerations involved. It is, however, entirely July, 1905 possible to have the services of the trained furniture-man without depleting one’s bank account. It is simply a ques- tion of scale and of money. If one wishes professional ad- vice one must pay for it, and it remains with the client to fix the amount that shall be spent. The trained furnisher, the man who knows his business, the man of taste and discrimination, can often give advice and assistance that will not only be of special value to the client, but which can be had in no other way. The furnish- ing of the house has become as much a profession as its building. One needs to know how to furnish, exactly as one needs to know how to build. This is the basis of the professional furnisher’s business. He meets a demand, and he meets it—often—with success. Special makers of furniture, of individual furniture, are a quite modern manifestation of household art. Simplicity and directness, furniture constructed on sound models of art and form are the special characteristic of such products. And very fetching much of this new furniture is. It is hand- made and especially made, and excites lively anticipatory joy in the hearts of the artistic purchaser. The department store, the special sale, the machine-made factory of the West, stand at the lowest limit of furniture helps. Yet these sources of supply have their merits and their uses. A wonderful amount of improvement has gone into the designing of furniture of all sorts in the last few years. The quality of furniture that is brought into our great cities by the car load is distinctly in advance of that which came a few years past. There is no longer a market for heavy, ugly furniture. ‘The taste of the public has im- AME RE@AN =EVO MES AND = GA kD ENS 31 proved, broadened and widened. ‘There is but one step further to go, and that is to insist that furniture shall not only look good, but be good. The latter is the quality most in- sisted on by the special furniture maker. The chief rule to be observed in furnishing the house is to be harmonious. It is rarely safe to build up a room around a single piece of furniture. No one article should cry aloud for attention; avoid eccentricities; ignore fads. Be sure you are going to like each article, and be sure each article is going to fit in well with each other article. Special styles, especially exotic styles, are very good things to be left alone. One may not always care for a Turkish room or a Japanese parlor, and one certainly can never make them accurate or literal translations. The house once furnished is likely to remain as deemed completed. One rarely refurnishes a house completely from top to bottom. In most cases the work done once is always done. Hence the necessity for careful choice. The furni- ture must be good, good in itself, good in its purpose, good in its relations to the room in which it is to be placed. Har- mony and good taste are equally essential. The woman of taste can do much by herself. She knows how her rooms are to be used, and perhaps can look some- what into the future. She knows her friends’ rooms, and wherein they fail or succeed. With patience and care she may furnish an artistic house very artistically. But if she finds she can’t do it alone, the best thing to do is to apply to some one who.can really help. It is impossible to be too careful in furnishing a house. Science for the Home The Dangers of Cheap Houses EP HAT cheap houses, cheaply built, are real i; sources of danger from a_ constructional standpoint is widely and universally ad- mitted; it is, perhaps, less generally recog- nized that grave sanitary dangers may re- sult from improper construction, hardly less injurious to human life than a wall that will not stay erect, or a floor that will not support the load put upon it. The builder who builds in a cheap way stops at nothing whatever to accomplish what, to him, is an economy. If he is not indifferent to life, it is because he knows that the re- sponsibility can readily be brought back to him if his build- ing falls down. If his construction is sound it is only because he is afraid to make it otherwise. He knows, moreover, that most people look more at the things they see than seek for what they can not see. If the walls appear strong and good, he trusts to inefficient work in the hidden parts, care- less of what may happen several years after he has ceased connection with the work. Often enough he excuses himself on the ground that his contracts do not yield enough to per- mit good work, and that he must himself get out as best he can. He may, for example, place his water supply pipe and his waste pipes so closely in juxtaposition that leaks in the latter may contaminate the water in the former. Both are safely covered up, so why should he care? Nothing may happen; and if it does it may be several years hence, when there may be no house at all; for such dwellings are not built to last long. The plaster may be mixed with substances filled with disease germs and no care whatever taken as to their origin. ‘The bricks may be porous, admitting the external air. Chimneys so built rapidly accumulate soot, which, being damp, falls down when an extra hot fire is set going, and the dangerous fumes of carbon-dioxide and other gases are gene- rated. Drains have been known to be connected with chim- neys, admitting poisonous gases to rooms when there is no fire to carry them off. Discharge pipes for the conveyance of sewer gas may not be carried to the regulation height above the building, and chimneys may be so constructed as to be quite inadequate for sufficient draft. Arrangements for ventilation are often completely ignored, and the laws goy- erning the cubic contents of sleeping-rooms are often evaded even in cities which maintain an expensive building inspec- tion department. In a general sense any one of these things, and sometimes others, are likely to happen where cheapness of construction is the single purpose of the building being erected. Ad- vantage is taken of the ignorance of the public of such mat- ters and to the indifference of the authorities to improper con- struction. It is much more difficult to evade the require- ments of the building law in cities, where the rules are strict and the inspection apparently rigorous, than in rural com- munities where there is neither law nor inspection. It is a matter difficult to remedy, for betterment can only result from a wider acquaintance of the requirements of good building, and the necessity for good building, than exists at present. 32 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1905 American Garden Statuary By Harry Dillon Jones HP HE use of cement is becoming more and more \| important, not only to the architect, engineer and builder, but also to the artist, for plastic and sculptural purposes, and few realize that, unlike Italian terra cotta, it can be made to withstand the rigor of our North- ern winters and is equally impervious to heat and dampness. With certain treatment, a color, texture and durability is obtained, reproducing to a remarkable extent the old stone figures of another age. In a recent visit to Mr. W. R. Mercer’s studio, in Doyles- town, Pa., I was able to convince myself of this. Hitherto, cement for plastic purposes has been of a cold, gray, flat tone, which did not lend itself to the ancient forms and ideas, but after some years of experiment, Mr. Mercer seems to have found a method by which he overcomes this defect. The lover of art is thus able to have within his reach some of the famous examples of ancient sculpture at a naturally much reduced price. In the studio I saw fonts, urns, busts, bas-reliefs. etc., all destined for the decoration of a garden, which is Mr. Mercer’s specialty. In conversation with him, I discovered that one of the great troubles encountered at the beginning of the experiments was the making of a mold that would encase the cement without taking it in so close an embrace as to render its release impossible without breaking the cast. This problem was solved by the use of flexible molds, pre- pared in such a way as to avoid the repeated failure caused by the casts sticking and the cement not properly hardening before the disintegration of the composition used in the mold. It is hard to enumerate the dif- ficulties that beset the artist at this juncture. Cement is a non-com- bustible, hard, very durable and cheap material, which can be cast in a cold state by simply mixing with water—hence its great adapt- ability to the fine arts. It is, how- ever, less ductile than plaster of paris, and though this difficulty has been overcome by stirring, pressure and other methods of application, its gray color and unsympathetic texture have chiefly repelled the artist. In combating the color cer- tain pigments vitiate the strength of the cement, others do not. Some act chemically upon it so as to transform the tint of the mixture. Certain cements neutralize or weaken when colored more quickly than others, while the rapidity with which the cement dries, whether in the sun or dark, or whether more or less subjected to dampness, will be found The Figure and the Pedestal are of Cement American Garden Pottery as Applied to a Pergola July, 1905 7 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 33 A Cement Reproduction of an Ancient The Workroom, Showing Completed Urns, Vases, etc., Cast From Stone Fireplace Cement in Imitation of Famous Originals to influence the color, or even vary the natural gray tone latter in a comparatively thin envelope during setting, modi- itself. Further, the method of application of the color, fied the result. whether injected entirely through the cement before setting, As to the texture, certain masses of cement, falling upon applied during setting from the mold, or encrusted upon the the earth outside of molds, or hardening inadvertently in Within the Pergola 34 AMERICAN "“HIOMES So A Cement Flower-Box. Even the Wear of Time Has Been Reproduced bags and boxes, have assumed this texture of stone, while other masses present a very un- pleasing nondescript surface. When molds are used this nonductility of the material re- quiring stirring may blotch the surface with areas where the finer particles seem to have collected in a sort of paste. On the other hand, when cast too dry, the cavities are not properly filled. Owing to these difficulties the cement will not always take the texture of the mold, therefore one must resort to other means. The mold itself may be en- crusted with ingredients which will communi- cate their texture to the cement, or materials, coarse and fine, may be introduced into the original mixture so as to modify the result. In a word, the cement is merely a glue caus- ing the gravel and sand to adhere to each other, and is used as a medium and not as a base. The process, which any one can work out for himself if he wishes, lies almost en- The Original Has Been so Closely Imitated That AND GARDENS July, 1905 tirely in the adding of certain ingredients to the raw cement. ‘The texture and color are matters of workmanship and taste. When the process is learned it will be possible to reproduce almost any work of art with the accuracy of the copies seen in the illustrations. Once the mold is made there is practically no limit to the number of reproductions. In one of the photographs may be seen in cement a famous Byzantine holy water font, in another is shown an adaptation of a Gothic fireplace in the Musée de Cluny, at Paris. Some of the sun dials were also most pleas- ing, for they combined utility and beauty in an unusual manner. I have endeavored in this brief sketch to give some idea of the artistic uses of ce- ment, and no one interested in such matters could fail to be favorably mpresee by the result. A Sun Dial Cast in Cement in Imitation of the Font of Turtles Plants and Music RYG AS music an influence on plant life? Send for our booklet going fully into the reasons why NATUR should be in your home. Ask your plumber about NATURO He prcbably has one in his showroom. Send us his name and address if he cannot show it. THE NATURO COMPANY, yceriMey Cc. H. MUCKENHIRN, President 50 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1905 Chicago Embossed Moulding Co. nei Columns, Mouldings Interior Caps Balusters and and Raised Stair Work Carvings 591 & SO9VT AUSTIN AVE., CHICAGO, ILL. SEND FOR OUR NEW 1905 CATALOGUE NEW AND IMPROVED PATENTS AND DESIGNS OPENS AND CLOSES THE BLINDS WITHOUT RAISING THE WINDOW AUTOMATICALLY LOCKS THE BLINDS IN ANY POSITION DESIRED Made of grey and malleable iron. The best and most durable blind hinge. Incomparable for strength, durability and power. Can be applied tc old or new houses of brick, stone or frame. SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CIRCULAR. If your hardware dealer does: not Keep them, send direct to : Mallory Maiufsctarne ca FLEMINGTON, N. J. Welt _| ATTENTION TO DETAILS INSURES YOU Comfort in Your New Home For a small additional expense to the cost of ordinary hinges you can have your doors hung with Stanley’s Ball-Bearing Steel Butts ey ever rei oiling ever wear down Send for artistic monograph on the subject | Vi 5 “GRAPHITE” SPECIAL ILLUSTRATED NUMBER CONTAINING SEASONABLE TALKS ON Hl NEW BRITAIN, CONN. The STANLEY WORKS, Dept. K, 75 campers st... NEW YORK GOOD PAINT AND GOOD PAINTING, Copies free upon uioaes wobles free sULOne TL egUes Eee IPRTL Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J. Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J. GR =) VAIN UT WIN AV Ae ic H RIA AINE by VALVES JUST OUT Modern Gas-Engines AN D = == Producer-Gas Plants Bx R. E. MATHOT, M.E. 300 Pages Bound in Cloth 175 Illustrations Price, $2.50, postpaid A PRACTICAL GUIDE for the GAS-ENGINE DESIGNER and USER A book that tells how to construct, select, buy, install, operate and maintain a gas-engine. No cumbrous mathematics; just plain words and clear drawings. The only book that thoroughly discusses producer-gas, the coming fuel for gas-engines. Every important pressure and suction producer is described and illustrated. Practical suggestions are given to aid in the designing and installing of producer-gas plants Write for Descriptive Circular and Table of Ganeants to MUNN & COMPANY, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK SANITARY IMPROVEMENTS OF THE HOME By George Ethelbert Walsh “aes sanitary development of the modern home shows many interesting features and rew ideas which tend to conserve avd protect the health of the occupants. It is a mark of our civilization that more attention is paid to the permanency and healthfulness of our home structures than ever before in the history of the human race, and all that science and art can contribute toward the subject is eagerly sought and applied. Architects, en- gineers and builders are co-operating to evolve new types of houses which will prove far mo1e durable than any in the past, and, without sacrificing any of the comfortable and artistic features of the homes of to-day, they will be practically fireproof, dustproof, verminproot, soundproof, dampproof and perfectly sanitary in every respect. The modern devices intended to supply these ideal conditions are somewhat numerous, and their adoption is becoming quite general in the new types of houses. The fireproof house, is, to all intents and purposes, proof against sound, vermin, fire and wind. With walls, floors and ceilings constructed of hol- low fireproof clay, a house of this character is made far more durable than any built of wood or brick. “The walls and floors are interlocked by patent steel devices which make them as firm and stable as though built on structural steel framework. It is only within the past year or two that contractors could build coun- try homes of fireproof clay tiles without the supporting aid of steel structures. With the invention of interlocking corner devices, the steel skeleton work was dispensed with, and almost immediately the price of the new fire- proof houses dropped so that the most modest country home could be built in this way. Such homes are fireproof, durable and cleaner than any other class. The hollow walls are dust and verminproof, while sound, wind, heat and cold are kept out in a most satisfactory way. “hey are warmer in win- ter and colder in summer than wooden or stone and brick houses. A great variety of colored tiling and fireproof terra cotta ma- terial is manufactured, so that excellent blend- ing of colors and architectural effects can be made. The colors of the tiling and terra cotta are woven into the building material, and they are retained just as long as the house itself stands. Unaffected by salt air, storms or wind, the colors maintain their original beauty indefinitely. But for houses already constructed almost similar ideal sanitary conditions can be ob- tained at comparatively little extra cost. In- terlocking fireproof partitions can be built in houses in place of the old plaster and lath partitions, with the result that sound, wind, heat or cold can not casily pass between. Vermin find no lodgment in such hollow par- titions. The fireproof blocks are tongued and grooved so that they leck permanently, and plaster can cover the interior surface if de- sired. Another method is to use mineral wool for packing between the old walls and floors. The mineral wool sheets when ap- plied make the floors and walls fireproof, soundproof and verminproof. The altera- tions required are simple and inexpensive, and the results are such that permanent comfort and additional sanitary conditions are obtained. Metal ceilings are other devices for producing similar desirable results. Stamped in nearly every imaginable design to suit the decora- tions of the most artistic interior, they furnish durable fireproof floors and coinnes that elimi- nate the troubles caused by cracking and fall- July, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 51 Making Concre a q THE PREMIER MACHINE has no extra Experience parts to get out of order. Repair expense is nothing. THE PREMIER MACHINE maks a Each bed plate is double faced: thus builder more independent and enables > two styles of blocks may be made him to often manufacture his build- » the Premier Machine. The completed block is so released ag to permit the operator to make another block at once. There are no delays in : operating the Premier At least 75 per cent 5 S . ) { Meaehinn: labor expense is saved. : If you are interested Think of that! XS | Np and wish to know more If you wish to learn more : | © about this very improved of anice, profitable business, : : : ; machine, write us for write us for Booklet A. ‘ : : Jb = Booklet A. The money saved in the cost of one ordinary dwelling-house founda= tion will more than pay for a Premier Machine. The Premier Concrete Block & Machine Co., Rochester, N. Y. : Foot, Hand and Power for Carpenters ts Builders = Cabinet-Makers aes a and other Wood-Workers “REX”? Moulder WE GUARANTEE each machine to be thoroughly practical and accurate. Ma- chines sent on trial, and if not found entirely satisfactory, may be returned at our expense ONE MAN with one of these machines will do the work of four to six men using hand tools; will do it easier, will do it better No. 5 “UNION” Combination Self-Feed Rip and Cross-Cut Saw Enterprising mechanics are quick to see the superior merits of our machines. It will pay you to investigate these advantages. Send for Catalog ‘‘A’’ The Seneca Falls Manufacturing Co. 267 WATER STREET, SENECA FALLS, N. Y., U.S. A. No. 6 “UNION” Combination Saw KS&CO. CLEVELAND. 0. = FLOOR8SIDEWALK LIGHTS. To introduce American Homes OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. and Gardens we will enter sub- SEND FoR ATALOGUE. scriptions received before July Ist, 1905, at a special introductory J. E. Bolles [ron and oe dh Va) eal di eos ubscribe to-day W: W Bank Railings, Eleva- Wp tcr Enclosures, and : 2 ire Works s's5 = MUNN & CO.,, Publishers Escapes, Iron Fencing, Balcony Railings, Etc. cH ce a DETROIT, MICH, wD. Ss. A, Send for Catalogue 8, and mention line of business 361 Broadway, New York City asaa ae cory 52 AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDEGQE July, 1905 A Machine to Make Fortunes Every patented device that saves time and labor makes money for its owners, but no invention of recent years will compare for practical utility and popularity with the wonder of the twentieth century, the RAPID FLOOR SURFACING MACIIINE which cleans and polishes floors, uses sandpaper instead of knives, removing all dust, dirt and inequalities in less time and with less effort than ten to twenty men could do the same work, leaving an absolutely level smooth surface. For private dwelling houses, hotels, dance halls, armor- ies, theaters, churches, schools and all large or small buildings, for floors, old or hew, hard or soft, this machine will be found invaluable. The process is sanitary, saves carpets and linoleum, and prevents the gathering of germs. Can be easily operated by any me- chanic. No Inconven- ience to Occupants During Process of Cleaning. This Wonder- ful Machine is Notan Experi- ment but an Acknowledged The Old Way Success Everywhere. It is The New Way extremely simple and a great economy. The ma chine is operated by electric power obtained from the power SOmDaics or ae a by a smi al engine and generator in a wagon outside the building : TERRITORIAL RIGHTS FOR SALE The representative of the Company at the below address is not here for the purpose of m-rketing machines, but to demonstrate that the machine is a practical labor-saving device, and to interest capital to purchase the exclusive rights to manufacture, sell and use under the patent for all of the fastern territory BOOKLET ON REQUEST THE RAPID FLOOR SURFACING MACHINE C0.,., 2" Flatiron Building, New York FOOT and HAND POWER Wood Working MACHINERY IMPROVED FORMER IMPROVED No. 7 SCROLL SAW This cut represents our new improved Former or We warrant it to be well made, of good material Shaper. The great speed of the knife insures rapid and workmanship, and to saw Pine three inches and smooth work. Motion of the knife Tev ersible. thick-at the rate of one foot per minute. Other We make Sixty Styles of knives : oe woods in same proportion according to hardness WRITE FOR CATALOGUE W.F.& JOHN BARNES CO. 567 Ruby St., Rockford, If. plaster. No vermin or disease germs can find lodgment in these metal or fireproof clay wal!s or ceilings. The metal ceilings and walls are made in plates, panels and sections, with joints and tongues so closely grooved that they are practically dustproof. The question of dampness of the home has received a vast amount of study and experi- mental work in the past. ‘To be dry is to in- sure health and comfort in the home; to have the living-quarters damp is to invite sickness and death. Dampproof houses are now con- structed even on marshy, wet ground, and where formerly pneumonia, rheumatism, fever and neuralgia ravaged the inmates of dwell- ings, perfect health is now obtained through the remodeling of the structures. The damp- ness enters the house by the stone walls and foundations in a great many instances, and to prevent this there must be a dampproof course of sheet lead, asphalt, sheet bitumen or cement and cinders. “This course is placed from three to six inches above the ground line, and 1 made a part of the foundation. Where the house stands on very wet soil, the horizontal dampproof course is not alone sufficient, and usually double walls are built for the founda- tion, with an open air-space between. In addition to such preventive measures the walls of the cellar, foundations, inside and out- side, and the flea are painted with damp- proof paints or other preparations. Most of these paints or metallic liquids are impervious to moisture, and when the house is protected by them it is impossible for the dampness to enter the structure by the walls or foundation. Where these patent silicates or paints are not used, two coats of Portland cement wash will answer nearly the same purpose. In houses already constructed such improvements can be made, so that the dampness of the house is eliminated. The use of dampproof courses in the walls, and dampproot paints and silicate solutions inside, practically makes the modern country house situated in a low valley almost as dry and healthful as another located on a high, dry, well-drained hillside. Almost equally important as the dampness of the house, and closely associated with it in securing perfect sanitary conditions, is the sub- ject of interior ventilation. A great amount of ingenious study has been given to the venti- lation of public and private buildings, and to-day with patent ventilators and air-filters we possess an immunity from foul, dust-laden air that should add greatly to our days of health and happiness. ‘There are scores of systems of ventilation of houses, but ventilators that ad- mit the fresh air and carry out the foul air are now reaching a stage of perfection that may make us independent of windows except for light. Not only this, but dust-collecting and sifting devices are being installed with these ventilators. In the country the importance of dust-collectors or sifters is not so great as in the city, where smoke, dust, soot and dirt are carried from the streets into our homes in great quantities. Whcre exhaust ventilators are installed, with dust sieves connected with the inlets, several quarts of dust are daily collected in some homes. ‘This dust and dirt, if not actually breathed by the inmates of the home, would spread around in carpets and fur- nishings, and, carrying germs with it, would furnish cultural grounds in the dark corners of the rooms. Dust collectors must, there- fore, be a feature of the future sanitary home as much as the ventilators and sanitary gar- bage holders and incinerators. In cities where soft coal is used freely for burning, the amount of soot and dust collected in the sieves at the inlets of the ventilators is sufficient to ruin curtains and carpets within a short time. From an economical and sanitary point of view, the installation of devices to filter the Un» w July, 1905 ANMERIGAN HOMES AND GARDENS air for our homes is of the utmost impor- tance. The disposition of the garbage of tenements, hetels and high-class apartment houses of cities has been satisfactorily solved in the past few years by the installation of garbage incinera- tors in the basement, wich each apartment or room connected with it by dustproof chutes. The dust, garbage and sweepings are dumped into the metal chutes, which are automatically sealed at each entrance, and the material passes quickly and noiselessly to the incinerators in the basement. The garbage is thus immedi- ately burned, and the heat generated from its destruction used either for heating the apart- ments or for supplying power. The question of garbage incinerators for private houses has been slower of solution, but hot-water heaters and crematories are sup- plied to-day so that the garbage is no longer a nuisance or danger to the household. The incinerators are connected with the kitchen by iron chutes which automatically open and close to receive the garbage and sweepings. The refuse aus directly into the fire, which heats the coils of pipes that may be used for heating water for kitchen and bath purposes, or for keeping the house warm in winter. The incinerators are dustproof, and no harm fol- lows if the garbage is not immediate!y burned every day in hot weather. The destruction of all the refuse from the house and kitchen by fire removes a vexing and troublesome ques- tion from the housewife’s mind. ‘The simple installation of such incinerators does away F-6521. with garbage collectors and outdoor garbage ENAMELED IRON “CORONA” TUB, WITH BASE. bins and barrels. The removal of the ashes from the furnace is the only dirty work left for those who must attend to their own heat- 1 ng appara OUT JhanUactuting wlan Perfect modern plumbing removes the last ° danger from our homes, and, when scien- tifically constructed, sewer pipes, water pipes MANUFACTURERS OF and drainage mains are no more inimical to our health than if they carried only cheap, fresh PLUMBING GOODS spring water into our residences. The tendency to cheapen plumbing work is a fruitful cause EXCLUSIVELY of most of the troubles arising from this source. A good plumbing service is worth more to the householder than fancy interior decorations. Moreover, a perfect system is durable, while a cheap one adds frizhtfully to the cost by numerous repair bills. A dozen important devices have been invented within the past year or two for improving sewer and plumbing systems, and these all tend to eliminate dan- ger, prolong the life of the pipes ard drains, and to make repairs simple and inexpensive. Deeper and more perfect traps are used to ci ee ges age Dont evapola Why Not Utilize the Waste Heat for the Drying of the Clothes > tion; all traps and mains have fresh-air inlets, General Office: Ht Show Rooms: 93 West Lake Street. 91 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO. and cleanouts which can easily be reached by ; ; any one provided with a wrench and hammer. This Is Accomplished by the Use of the Stopcocks and valves are numerous, and every joint underground i laid on a concrete Chicago Combined Dryer and Laundry Stove or stone bed to prevent sagging and rupturing of ae ane re h id eSn< : One Fire Heats Water, Heats Tat Irons, be ee pee es 2 a Cpe Hae 1 ig y Tan Boils Clothes, and Dries the Clothcs by as j Saige not be perfect without consideration being : al a what would ordinarily be waste heat. given to the floors and interior decoration of oy el ~~ ae Y walls and ceilings. The harboring of disease Ree ; a4 He peentally,, constructed okumetal germs and vermin in cracked walls and floors es ewe ee VE me Mga ne ALE ca eee is a trouble that is often removed with diffi- Pq) “G institution is complete without this culty. Even with walls of fireproof clay tiles, f os 5 apparatus. Send: for Catalogue. which offer no lodgment for vermin, a cover- an =e i 1. Wenatconmake ing of wall paper, and a wainscot and trim of wood might easily nullify the good obtained with the employment of the former. A floor or wall that is perfectly smooth, and abso- Flat Buildings and Public Institutions. lutely free of all cracks or holes, can not har- bor germs and vermin. They requize hiding- places where they can hatch and breed. Other- Chicago Clothes Dryer Works wise their destruction by ordinary careful 340-342 Wabash Ave., Chicago 134-136 W. 24th St., New York City housecleaning methods is sure and swift. Various methods have been tried to secure Dryers heated by GAS, STEAM and HOT WATER, suitable for Residences, GRILLES AMERICAN HOMES Something New! A. washable and per- fectly sanitary wall cover- ing. Cloth foundation fin- ished in oil Best wall cover- ing forkitch- Ci Pamuny,, bathroom: and colors. closet, walls where a other washabie Surface. is desired. Prints, plain col- ors and tiles in dull, var- nished and glazed effects. Goods Plain colors in oil admi- rably adapted to ceiling and fresco work. Hides cracks and joulk eh SS ie stains. Wianteeuin= proof, min - proof, V €I- applied to thee. we allel like paper, Bh ial(dlissalsntso.ce pensive. For sale by the Dry Trade Cloth Dealers. and *@ill Standard Table Oil Cloth Co., 320 Broadway, New York City. TWO BEST SSSA tN THE WORLD Se ‘METAL LATH & “aSorineee qa FROM EAU hay Gay dee x as dan pay rls fala Petr 3 ses | $13.25 28 x 16 Mirror. Tile facing and hearth. je a MANTELS TILES of Every Description for Walls, Floors, Etc. buys this solid oak Mantel, 80 in. high, 54 or 60 in. wide Heavy columns and elaborate capitals. Club house grate, $10.00, NILES, OHIG. U.S.A. AND GARDENS July, 1 905 perfectly dustproof floorings and ceiling deco- rations. A number of inventions have been made which appear to answer the purposes. Liquids that harden and form smooth floor surfaces have been invented, so that at the corners a perfect joint is made. Interlocking rubber and marble tiling is used for bath- rooms and kitchens. Interior metal sheathing is employed also, and the surface painted so that there is not a crevice left anywhere large enough for a flea to hide in. Even tapestries and burlaps treated with fireproof and ver- minproof materials are manufactured for wall ornamentation, and when properly applied there is no space left for dust or vermin to find lodgment. Wood pulp has been tried for producing finished floor surfaces, and when applied in the liquid state and allowed to harden the protection is nearly perfect. All of these surface preparations for the interior are proof against damage from water, and frequent washing is permissible. It is even considered probable that the future kit- chen will be washed with hot water daily by means of a hose and spray so that every par- ticle of dust and dirt can be removed. By applying a spray of hot water under consider- able pressure to the walls and floors, germs and vermin of all kind brought in during the day would be removed and swept away by the water into the sewer. It will be seen from the foregoing that science is rapidly minimizing the danger of home life due to the introduction of germs, filth and dirt that must inevitably enter our houses from the streets. By applying safe- guards that have proved their worth, we in- sure to ourselves and families immunity from many diseases which to-day are purely of local origin. We are building homes of more per- manent and durable character than ever be- fore, but we must also secure for them all the sanitary safeguards that science and ex- perience teach us are necessary for our health. FIFTY SUGGESTIONS FOR THE HOUSE 1. Floor Coverings "Pe floors of bathrooms, sculleries, water- closets, larder, lavatories, greenhouses and sometimes of halls should be cov- ered, whether with hydraulic pressed _ tiles, marble, mosaic or some substance ot a non- absorptive character, so that they may be washed down frequently. In the case of lava- toires, bathrooms and sculleries the floors are best laid sloping, so that when washed down the dirty water may be led, by means of a duct pipe, into a rain-water head to discharge over a gully trap. Ordinary basement floors are best finished with solid wood blocks laid either straight or herring-bone on a six inch bed of Portland cement concrete, and in some form of bituminous composition. For ordinary rooms the best floor covering is either hard wood, such as oak laid in half-batten widths and beeswaxed and polished, or good selected deal, stained and well varnished. ‘The edges of the boards should be grooved and tongued. Parquet flooring may be laid over the whole surface in order to ensure an uniform and im- pervious surface without cracks in which dust may accumulate. It may be cleaned with a mixture of turpentine and beeswax.—B. F. and H. P. Fletcher. De Bedroom Doors DOUBLE doors to communications between bedrooms en suite are especially important, particularly in the case of bathrooms. “Fhe locks should not be opposite each other where Write for catalog of Mantels, Grates, Tiles for floors and baths, Slate Laundry Tubs, Grilles, etc. It is free. Or send 10 cents to pay postage on our Art Mantel Cat- alog. Mantel Outfits from $12 to $200. W. F. OSTENDORF, 2417 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. Gem No. 225—48 x 12 inches, 8. 60. Retail value, $7.00 No. 230—48 x14 inches, with Curtain Pole, $4.50. Retail value, $9.00 Others from $2.50 up. Largest assortment. Screens and special Grilles to order Division METAL SHINGLES are commended to the attention of Architects who are seeking to combine beauty and economy in their work. Cortright Metal Roofing Co. Philadelphia and Chicago July, 1905 ( MONON ROUTE |; Four Trains Daily between Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati and the South, via Monon Route and C. H. & D. Two Trains Daily between Chicago, Louisville and West Baden and French Lick Springs. Three Trains Chicago to LaFayette. Parlor Cars on Day Trains, Palace Sleeping and Compartment Cars on Night Trains. FRANK J. REED, Gen. Pass. Agt., CHAS. H. ROCKWELL, Traffic Manager, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Request Everywhere INSIDE BLINDS Sliding—Folding—Venetian WIRE SCREENS For Doors and Windows HIGH-GRADE CUSTOM WORK ONLY. Willer Manufacturing Company MILWAUKEE, WIS. et waterby water-power]) RIFE AUTOMATIC YDRAULIC RAM. WNoAttention. No Expense. Runs i aie Complete system exterding to stable, green- house, lawn, fountains and formal gardens. Operates under 18 in.to 50 ft. fall, Elevates water 30 ft. for every foot fall used. Eighty per cent. efficiency developed. - TermeniEnin Cnt, institutions mailvead tanks and irrigation. Catalog © estimates free RIFE ENGINE CO., 126 Liberty St., N.Y. CHICAGO. MARSTON’S HAND AND FOOT POWER CIRCULAR SAW A. W. FABER Manufactory Established 1761 Lead Pencils, Colored Pencils, Slate Pencils, Writing Slates, Inks, Stationers’ Rubber Goods, Rulers, Artists’ Colors 78 READE STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. GRAND PRIZE, Highest Award, PARIS, 1900 Racine Brass & Iron Co. RACINE, WIS. Iron, Bronze and Aluminum Castings for Automobiles Water Jacket Cylinders a Specialty. Correspondence Solicited | ary WY PEWRITERS aes Makes $1510 $ 75 ‘GUARANTEED: CATALOGUE FREE PHILA: -TYPEWRITER EXCHANGE ‘PHILADELPHIAS’PITT SBURG. Estar DT). Dorendort MANUFACTURER OF Flag Poles, Copper Weather Vanes and Special Copper Cable Lightning Conductors 145 CENTRE ST.,NEW YORK Successor to C. H. Lilly zy i) r 4 yt Z Take off your Hat to the MYER t For whether you need-Hand or Power Pumps, Hay Tools;Sfore Ladders, Gate Hangers-or—Pump Fixtures MYERS’ are Always Best Quality and Service is the Myers sl you've always got your money's worth and a bargain besides when you buy from 380-Page Catalog with close prices FREE. fF. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio ‘** American Homes and Gardens” and ‘ Scientific American is Iron Frame, 36 inches high. CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED, with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in, will be sent to one address for $5, regular price $6 Steel shafts and best Rabbitt metal boxes Gears are all machine-cut from solid iron. Two 77-inch saws and two crank handles with each machine, Boring table and side treadle, Weight, complete, 350 Ibs, Send for catalogue, J. M. Marston & Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass, 56 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS July, 1905 The Well-Appointed Office of a New York Capitalist. Woodwork by W. & J. Sloane. | Ps success of the plans of the architect for interior decoration depends largely upon the intelligence and ability of the work- man to carry them out. Especially is this true of the woodwork. @ Our superior facilities for all forms of interior decoration include a complete woodworking plant, expert designers and competent craftsmen. We prepare and set trim work, doors, mantels, etc., and make furniture to order from specially prepared designs, drawn by our own artists. Any contract entrusted to us is assured of the highest character of workmanship and the accurate execution of the architect’s specifications. QA special feature of our organization is the planning and designing of complete schemes: of decorative treatment for interiors in any period. Correspondence invited. W.& J. SLOANE, 886 Broadway, New York The Difference in cost between Sargent’s Artistic Hardware and the poor stuff so often used is nothing com- pared with the great difference in the goods. Daily use does not injure good hardware, and Sargent’s Easy Spring Locks and trimmings will stand the wear and tear in the home or store, the office or shop, the school orchurch. The day of poor hardware for good buildings is past. Sargent’s Book of Designs, sent on request, will help you in the selection of appropriate trimmings for your building. SARGENT & COMPANY, Mitsniti¢usdesrs, 156 Leonard Street, NEW YORK double doors are provided. The panels should not be less than seven-eighths of an inch thick. Double doors are necessary to prevent annoy- ance from loud talking and to exclude the odors of tobacco smoke. Keyless double bolt locks to doors should be provided.—Francis C. Moore. 3. To Cool a Room A SIMPLE way to cool a room in extremely hot weather is to dip towels in cold water, wring them well and hang them in the win- dows, first darkening the blinds.—L. H. J. 4. Door-Knobs THE most satisfactory material is bronze, in what is called “statuary finish.” ‘This is a dark brown which never changes, except where projecting portions are polished by the hands. The bright bronze is pretty when new, but soon discolors unevenly; and brass knobs, although fashionable, require frequent rubbing to keep them presentable. Glass knobs are clean and strong, and might with advantage be produced in a much greater variety of shapes and colors than can be found at present; but as glass must be set in metal, which will re- quire occasional attention, there is no saving of trouble in using them. Wooden knobs which were once very fashionable, and are still in use, have the disadvantage that the varnish with which they are coated becomes sticky and black with use, but they can be cleaned and revarnished in case of need. Cel- luloid is a good material, and would lend itself to the production of very beautiful ef- fects; but although colored celluloid knobs were once in limited use, the manufacture of them seems to have been abandoned.—T. M. Clarke. NEW BOOKS A Carpenters’ and Builders’ Library THe New CarPENTERS AND BUILDERS STANDARD Liprary. By Fred T. Hodg- son. 8 vols. Brotherhood Edition De Luxe. Pp. 2,200. Chicago: Frederick J. Drake & Co. The value of books in the art of education is now so completely recognized that many handbooks have recently been produced in de- partments of art and knowledge where, but a few years since, they were quite unknown. The Carpenters’ and Builders’ Standard Library is a case in point. It is not brought forward as an attempt to supplant, in any way, the value of personal practical activity ac the bench or in the shop; but it undertakes to summarize the whole subject of carpentry and building knowledge in a way undertaken by no other publication, and includes within its scope thorough treatises on phases of these arts which are nowhere else so fully sum- marized, and which few men could obtain by many years of practical experience. Mr. Hodgson has long been known as a successful writer on the subjects treated in these volumes. His directions are concise and definite; his suggestions are helpful and timely; the field he occupies is almost wholly his own, and he combines the knowledge of the practical man with the skill of a writer in a very unusual degree. Most of these vol- umes have appeared separately and under various auspices, but they are now all brought together in a convenient uniform edition, at- tractively bound and printed, and forming not only a valuable addition to the practical work- ingman’s library, but one which no one en- gaged in the art of building can do without. The eight volumes comprise two volumes on the Practical Uses of the Steel Square; July, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS nr ~ THE “CHAMPION” LOCK JOINT Metal Shingle Inexpensive Ornamental Durable o MADE BY J. H. ELLER @ CO. 1610 E. Fifth St. CANTON, OHIO Also Makers of Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Etc. UR remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant, smokeless gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one-fourth as much as Acetylene. Most durable and least expensive apparatus to maintain in effective perpetual operation. Gives services of lighting, cooking, and heating. Fullest satisfaction guaranteed, and easy terms The very apparatus for suburban homes, institu- tions, etc. We construct special apparatus also for fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equiv- alent to city gas at 50 cents per 1,coocubic feet, and made to respond to very large demands, also for lighting towns, etc. Cc. M. KEMP MFG. CO., BALTIMORE, MD. Locations for Builders Throughout the Southwest, especially in Oklahoma aad Inzian Territories, Ar- kansas and Texas, along the line cf the nmumerocs towns and small cities have sprung up along the many new lines of | the System that have recently been con- structcd, and openings for builders, con- tractors, architects and manufacturers in many lines ezist, Send for a copy cf handbock entitled “ Opportunities.” M. Schultcr, traustriat Commissioner Frisco Building $t. Louis, Mito. ] | \ Juntasote s/ {U38¥1 Si XIN o\ : This Label is on Genuine Pantasote Furniture Accept no Substitute Insist upon Pantasote "1S px PENAL OFFEy ’ 25 South Third St., Columbus, 0. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., Jersey City, N. J. UTTER ty Gr CHICAGO, ILL. 1 EARHARHYEAD Engineers’ and eber & Co. vrascttsmea’s Sipptis ||| me Ives Window Ventilating Lock [o. entilating Rooms. A Lock quickly applied and HH operated. Affording Sure Protection against Intruders. Children keptin. BRISTOL'S RECORDING THERMOMETER, Located within house. records on aweekly chart outside tempera- ture. Also, Bristols Recording Pressure Gauges. Volt, Ampere and Watt Meters. Over 100 differ- ent varieties, and guaranteed. Send for catalogue. THE BRISTOL CO.,Waterbury, Conn. uard for Kil Sole Agents for RIEFLER’S INSTRUMENTS, 01s Pantographs, Drawing and Blue Print Papers, Drawing Boards, Tables, Squares, Tri- anzles, Etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Transits, and Levels of Best Makes Burglars kept out. Write for Descrip- tive Circular. Tue H. B. IVES C0, ~ New Haven, Conn., U.S.A. | Send for Illustrated Catalogue, Vol. III 1125 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore 62 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The KENTON, OFFIC. STRUCTURAL IRON. ORNAMENTAL JAIL CELL WORK. FENCES AND RAILINGS. !) vos quoted on application. Absolutely safe and reliable. Ask your friends No North and South or East and West Line divides the Caldwell plants of tanks and towers. In every section they rear their graceful forms, every- where and always working or ready for service, supplying water for all purposes W. E. CALDWELL CO. LOUISVILLE, KY. She Davis @ Roesch Water Thermostat A DRAFT CONTROLLER FOR HOT WATER HEATERS Simple, Durable, Accurate, Inexpensive. Will save 25 per cent. of your coal bill. Will regulate the tempera- ture of your whole house. Catalogue free upon request. Davis & Roesch Temperature Controlling Co. NEWARK, N. J. HAMPION IRON CO. CAST AND WROUGHT IRON. Catalogue of above furnished, and Prices July, 1905 Important Improvements in Boilers We have received from the Gorton & Lidgerwood Company, 96 Liberty Street, New York, N. Y., its booklet ‘“‘ Modern House Heating,” just issued, and note a number of im- portant improvements recently made in its well- known line of side-feed steam and hot water boilers. From its inception, about twenty-one years ago, this company has manufactured only high grade heating apparatus, and the wide de- mand for the product has been the natural result of more than ordinary merit and enter- prise. Conceived on the most approved lines for economy and efficiency, the development of the Gorton boiler has been marked by a con- tinual improvement both in design and con- struction, until in the attractive and complete line shown in the new booklet there would seem nothing left to be desired where the very best in the way of steam or hot water heating boiler is required. Probably the most notable departure is found in the increase in the number of sizes in which the Gorton boiler is manufactured, the company now making no less than thirty-three different boilers for hard and fifteen for soft coal use. Heretofore the largest size of steam boiler made carried 3,400 square feet of direct steam radiation, while the largest size of the new steam boiler will carry 4,500 feet. Another improvement of con- siderable importance is the reduction in the height of the large size boilers so that all can be used in the cellars that are available under old buildings. Where the largest size boiler already referred to formerly stood 92 inches high, the rew style will stand but 81 inches. THE IMPROVED GORTON SIDE-FEED BOILER. Further improvements are found in the base, which is now so arranged that the grate and grate bars can be easily cleaned and removed when necessary and still retain the free air entrance feature, which has been a substantial aid in promoting a complete combustion of the fuel and effecting a high efficiency of the surface. “The improved construction also re- tains the well-known side-feed advantages, which are distinct features of the Gorton boiler and by means of which the boiler will maintain a steady even fire, and furnish con- stant heat day and night in the coldest weather. The boiler shell has also been increased in diameter and provided with a large number of tubes. The fire travel is the same as here- tofore, and the products of combustion rising in contact with the surface of the tubes to the top of the boiler, where baffle plates necessitate a downward turn, secure a long fire travel be- fore the smoke outlet is reached: “The Gor- July, 1905 ton boilers, the improved type of which is shown in the accompanying engraving, are made of steel, with the best charcoal wrought iron tubes; the shell being one-quarter inch thick, and the heads five-sixteenths inch thick of the best flange steel, of 50,000 pounds ten- sile strength, thus insuring safety and dura- bility. That a persistent improvement marks the work of this firm is shown by the evolution of types in its nearly fifty boilers for use with dit- ferent kinds of coal. Such a record certifies the brand, and indicates its aim is to so con- struct as to corroborate the judgment of both maker and user of steam and hot water heat- ing apparatus. All of the several parts of the new line of Gorton boilers are clearly illus- trated in the beoklet, which also gives prices, ratings and other imformation of interest to steamfitters and heating contractors. Copies, we understand, will be gladly furnished for the asking. Toilet Powder Peruaps, on the whole and in the long run, there is no article for close personal use in the choice of which so much judgment should be exercised as in that of toilet powder. When the selection bears the hygienic recom- mendation of physicians and the practical sanc- tion of nurses, the user feels that the luxury grows into a necessity. In these days of imita- tion and substitution, when there are so many inferior preparations on the market, the pro- tection and aid just mentioned should be suf- ficient to keep purchasers on guard to get the best. Highly-scented toilet powders are so numerous as to be a continual source of danger. Such inferior products will often do permanent injury to a delicate skin. It is wise never to take chances with an unknown article. Be sure, rather, to insist upon a trade-marked product of recognized merit. With toilet powder, as with most other lines of goods, it is saier to trust an old-established house, with years of experience and a reputation for mak- ing only the purest and most efficacious. Men- nen’s Toilet Powder is a trade-marked article, and is generally received as a composition im- possible to improve upon. The absolute purity of its ingredients and their painstaking hand- ling have given the product of the Mennen Company a uniform and unsurpassed quality of excellence. The trade-mark is Mennen’s face, and it is on every box-cover of the gen- uine. It is understood that more than 11,000,- 000 boxes were sold in 1904, the extent of its adoption ranging from the household to U. S. Government use for both army and navy. Heaters, Radiators and Specialties Tue old house of the Thatcher Furnace Company has changed its address from No. 240 Water Street to Nos. 110-116 Beekman Street, New York, N. Y. Fifty-five years is not a trifling space of time in the life of an industry, and when an item of interest occurs in such a record we take especial pleasure in mentioning it. Without inaugurating any ma- terial change in its well established business, the move spells that better times need better conveniences in space and location. “This firm is perfectly equipped to build up and sustain its model system of heating. With a strong expert at its head in the works at Newark, N. J., the battle of the caliber of furnaces, ranges and boilers has never gone against the simple and efficient construction of these ap- paratus, now to be seen at the new premises. Prominent in this exposition stands the “Thatcher ” steam heater represented by the accompanying illustration. It has two bridge wall sections, and is furnished with steam gage, fire tools, cleansing brushes, water col- AMERICAN HOMES A NUD GAACR DIE N'S 6. “May 2/ «koi eee 789,003 Rope Drive For Evevators. R. C. Smith, Yonkers, N.Y. May 16.. 789,765 SAFETY APPLIANCE FOR ELEVATORS. G. M. Baker, New York, N. Y. May 160.10 6ied «soi ieee 789,954 July, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AN Di i@e Aska ENS 69 Evevator. 2 ie at 789,147 JACK FOR ROOFERS AND PAINTERS. J. W. Wainwright, Philadelphia, eed BOG Ce eee 789,640 HANGING SCAFFOLD. Berg and Tan- ninga, Chicago, Ill. Mayg..... 789,650 SeLF-CLosING WINpbow. F. : Kasch, Akron, Ohio. May 23... 790,370 STRIP FOR SECURING WINDOW GLASS IN Prace. W. T. Mills, Colum- bus, Ohio. May 30 AUTOMATIC WINDow CLosvre. T. Lee, Home City, Ohio. May 30. 791,036 Plumbing SELF-DRAINING Faucet Bip Cock. Freeman and Copeland, Troy, DG 1 219 pes ee 789,214 FLUSHING Device FoR WaATER- Ciosets. F. H. Mason, Spokane, BSUS) 2G Sea BatH Tus. E. H. Sloman, Detroit, lice hag UO. S55: a: SeLr-CLosinc Faucet. I. N. Baker, Bay City, Mich. May 30 Tools Nai Ser. T. F. Thompson, Empire, Lie Te Ae eee Carpenters’ Gace. W. H. Vree- land, Seneca Falls, N. Y. May 2. 788,802 CARPENTERS’ BRACKET. NV Ge W. & C. §S. Grieves, Amesbury, Mass. May 2 789,926 790,229 791,238 The New Gardening Periodical Beautifully Illustrated: Superbly Printed of flower, vegetable and fruit growing, trees and shrubs, coldframes and hotbeds, lawns, fer- tilizers, water gardens, bulbs, roses, indoor plants and window boxes—in fact, everything pertaining to plant- ing of any kind. With it the amateur can be as successful as a pro- fessional, and those who are skilled will find it teem- ing with practical suggestion and information. It will tell you what to do each month to make your garden and grounds more beautiful and pro- ductive. The accompanying illustrated department head- ings, out of twenty-five that appear regularly, show the field covered month by month. You Will Own An Up-to-Date Encyclopedia of Gardening if you have all the numbers of The Garden Magazine SPECIAL Se ee who want the back issues, dating from the first number (February) and including the great Planting Number for April, we have taken the slightly soiled copies secured from booksellers and made up nearly five hundred sets, which we will supply to readers of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS who send in their subscrip- tions with the coupon below (otherwise the sub- scription would begin with the July number). De to gardening, it covers every branch Realizing the value of a complete set of THE The double Planting Number for April, with its planting tables and other indispensable information, is included in this offer. It is one of the most impor- tant issues of the kind ever published. From all parts of the country it has brought commendation, of which the following from a reader in Philadelphia is an example: ““In sending another subscription for a friend, I want to say that I do not believe there is anything printed that is so full of practical help to those who want to enjoy the benefits of a good garden. I would not take $50 for my April number if I could not replace it with another copy. ““F. S. W— , Philadelphia, Pa.”’ With the Evergreen Number in August and the Fall Planting Number in October, the coming issues of THE GARDEN MaGazinE will be invaluable to those who are interested in gardening. 10 Cents a Copy $1.00 a Year The First Real Gardening Magazine Ever Published in America DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 133-137 EAST 16th STREET, NEW YORK : Commencing with the Address — |The Garden Magazine poo USE THIS COUPON : Doubleday, Page © Company 133-137 East 16th Street, New York Enclosed find $1.00, for which please send i The Garden Magasine one year. Commencing with the February number, as per your special offer. number Cross out paragraph not a part of your order Mi: A. H. G. July, 705 70 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDERG July, 1905 For Those Who Live in Houses Fe A A Modern Cottage Architecture q TO INTRODUCE “or viaURick B. AbAMS r lenin iD Se ED SEES American Homes sso mre acters fo. and @Mardens A Book of Country Houses we will enter subscrip- ee ° . This saléetion has been made by the pure from his Do- tions received b € to re jest ten years; which au RORalLen ad cae July | st, | 90) 5 , ata spe- on traditional lines aaa ae been arranged. to meet al cial introductory rate of : iE ORDER BLANK $2.50 instead of $3.00. Pit in eve ae ee Subscribe to-day ee wt ne. ———————————— ——————":) co copies of ‘‘A BOOK OF COUNTRY HOUSES,” price, $7.50, for which I MUNN & COMPANY, Publishers 361 Broadway, NEW YORK CITY i i ee ee ee a : JOHN LANE, ¢7Firta ave. NEW YORK CLOSING TIME -OEF “ AND GARDENS aS =| Gs) pies > n i=} f=} Oo A. oy 20 -Q = 5 < a] . = ES OR O fom) Gal g o Sg ss 3 c¢ 0 pe a) = QA ew = Lx] o ov © Ee a E e O ——— ° o a Ss 7A) aa) o pte} oo! AMERICAN HOMES v4 Le 44 7 August, 1905 The dining-room is a green room, the color throughout being a rich, dull green. The wood- work is green; the ceil- ing is in green and gold; the furniture is of green leather, and the curtains and hangings are of a tapestry fabric of green. It is a beautiful and simple apartment, with a beamed ceiling, and the walls, for the most part, lined with china and glass cabinets. A chandelier. of simple de- sign depends from the center of the ceiling, and the lighting is com- pleted with side lights of similar design. Green tones predominate in the adjoining billiard- room, for the green cloth of the billiard table necessarily gives the keynote to such an apartment, and it is dificult, if not impos- sible, to depart from such an essential color. - Sy * ae \ bf ; } adalat acanlnlll alll ~ | AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Falls in the Upper Glen Were The Estate of C. W. The Porch Bergner, Essar Ambler, Pennsylvania > ~ The service wing, which adjoins the house on this side, is throughout, in all floors, given up to the servants. The serving-room im- mediately opens from the dining-room and connects directly with fie (kitchen. When comes the servants’ din- ing-room, the servants’ sitting-room and the servants’ porch on the furthest end of the house. Beyond this porch is an inclosed yard, also used for the domestic service of the house. Bedrooms and bathrooms for the serv- ants are in the upper story. The second floor of the main portion of the house is, of course, given up to bedrooms. The owner’s bedroom is to the extreme south of the house, and is the largest room on this floor. It is joined with 88 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDERS a bathroom containing a bath of unusual size. The roof of the porte-cochére forms an upper porch connected with this room, and is an agreeable resting place of a hot evening. Another bedroom and bathroom completes the rooms on this side of the main hall, and other rooms of the same kind fill up the space on the north side. The third story also contains bedrooms and bathrooms, chiefly available for guests. It has, in addition, two special features of unusual interest. These are a dormitory, as it is called in the nomenclature of the house; a large apartment in which a number of men can find sleeping quarters in crowded times. The other feature is a vast array of closets, devoted to every possible purpose, a housekeeper’s delight of unusual extent and an arrangement as novel as it is useful. It need hardly be said that a house of this description is provided with every possible convenience for use, and rep- resents the very highest achievement in house building. It is a house whose architectural treatment within is as fine as it is without. Necessarily there can be little relationship be- tween the two. The stately sobriety that characterizes the exterior gives way, as a matter of course, to an enriched and varied interior. Yet a prime essential of all household de- sign, both within and without, is character, which this house has in an exceptional degree. The architects’ oppor- tunity here was of a kind to delight the trained and-artistic designer, and a very great deal of latitude, and certainly very generous support, was given to the efforts of the Messrs. Day to produce a house that would be at once notable and suc- cessful in its domestic qualities. “Their province was not to August, 1905 design a ‘“‘ grand” house, but a good one, and they suc- ceeded in this to an eminent degree. Like many large houses that of Mr. Bergner is filled with a rich collection of furniture, gathered by the owner, and dis- posed without reference to the architecture of the rooms. A certain amount of incongruity necessarily resulted from this, but so much of the furniture is good in itself, and its very abundance speaks so loudly of good intentions, that the re- sponsibility for it needs only to be noted. Like every considerable estate, the property of Mr. Berg- ner contains a number of subsidiary buildings, each necessary to his well-being, and each essential to the living qualities of the dwelling. The house itself is, of course, the most im- portant structure on the estate, the building for which every- thing else was erected, and the center, both literally and almost geographically, of the entire property. These sub- sidiary buildings include a power house, barn, conserva- tories, stable, spring house and a tennis court. The property includes land on both sides of the Wissahickon, which, almost in line with the house, is crossed by a graceful rustic bridge. The glen, of which an illustration is given in the photographs, is a minor stream that runs through the estate, to which it particularly belongs. One need not add that the scenery around this spot is picturesque in a most eminent degree, for the photographs show that as well as photo- graphs can, although the lover of the Wissahickon will loudly proclaim that no mere picture can portray or repro- duce the wild grandeur of that lovely spot and properly convey its delights to those who have not seen it. ~The Residence of Mrs. Lucy B. Chandler Chestnut Hill, N page 8g is an illustration of a house re- cently built for Mrs. Lucy B. Chandler, at Chestnut Hill, Mass. The design is simple in character, yet interesting in its detail, while it is very pleasingly placed among a group of oaks, which form a good setting The house rests upon a foundation of split and natural faced local stone. ‘The whole of the exterior of the building is covered with shingles. “The body of the house is stained a warm hemlock brown, while the trimmings are painted white. The roof is covered with natural shingles. The doors and blinds are painted bottle green. The chim- neys are of red brick laid in Flemish bond. ‘The entrance is into a vestibule, through which the living-room is reached. The living-room is treated with white enamel paint, and has a paneled dado, formed by the placing of a chair rail three feet from the floor, with a plaster base, and the whole painted the same color. There is a baywindow at the front furnished with a seat, and an ornamental staircase with turned posts, balusters three to a tread, and a mahogany rail. The fireplace is built of brick, with facings and a hearth of unglazed tile, and a mantel of Colonial style. The den, opening from the living-room, is placed to the left of the entrance; it is trimmed with cypress, which is finished in a soft Flemish brown. It also has a baywindow with seat, and an open fireplace built with brick facings and hearth, and provided with a mantel of Colonial style. The dining-room is treated with white enamel paint, and has a wainscoting five feet six inches in height, which is formed by placing moldings on the plaster wall and leaving the plaster to form the panels; the whole is painted white Massachusetts with good effect. Above this wainscoting the walls are cov- ered with a tapestry wall decoration. ‘This dining-room has a corner china closet of the Colonial style built in, and an open fireplace with brick facings and hearth, and a Colonial mantel. The china closet between the dining-room and the kitchen separates the two, and precludes any possibility of the kitchen odors permeating the remainder of the house. This china closet, of slight dimensions, is fitted with china cupboards, drawer, dressers, etc. ‘The kitchen is furnished with all the best modern fixtures, a large store pantry, and a lobby large enough to admit an ice box. The second story is trimmed with whitewood painted white. This floor contains four bedrooms, seven closets, linen closet and two bathrooms. The latter are furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. One of the bedrooms has an open fireplace, and two of them have al- coves. wo bedrooms and a trunk room are on the third floor. The cellar, cemented, contains a heating apparatus, fuel rooms, laundry, etc. The whole house is built in a thoroughly first-class manner, with good material and workmanship, and without any elaborate detail being used in the finish. The hardware which is used through the house is of brass, with glass knobs in the main portion of the house, and white porcelain in the servants’ quarters. The floors throughout are of hardwood, best quality of rift hard pine being used in the first story and cull from the same in the second story. There are bells from all the rooms to the kitchen, with an auxiliary bell to the servants’ quarters, and also a speaking- tube from the second floor to the kitchen. The house is lighted by gas and electricity. Mr. Ernest M. A. Machado, architect, g Cornhill, Bos- ton, Mass. ANID Gra keD ENS AMERICAN “HOMES August, 1905 Xx Case ae BATH Room ei G lased SERVANTS CHAMBER , 159K 13'8" own ove fees fon [LIENS =e NU Ue Wars ee , LivinGe Room ID Kiso IS6°K 268” f | | CHAMBER |: 120x136" | SECOND] L@e The Residence of Mrs. Lucy B. Chandler, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 89 CMAMBER Yeox14 6" CLo CLo iz leaamisce | 18° 0x/2°C" 10. trimmings, beams, close shingle roof- 90 AMERICAN HOMES. AND: GARDENS August, 1905 The Residence of Alfred era Esq. Yonkers, New York HE residence of Alfred Skitt, Esq., is located on almost the highest point of ground in upper North Broadway, Yonkers, and over- looks the Hudson River. On account ef ‘the prominence of its site, as well as its ex- posure, a special scheme of construction was found necessary in order to secure a comfortable arrange- ment of the plan in combination with a pleasing architectural effect. _ The house is built of a combination of stucco, brick and wood, with a detail of English feeling for the exterior. The entire outside is covered with cement, soft gray in color, and just rough enough to avoid the appearance of unevenness, so prevalent with smooth — surfaces, and ‘at. the same time lending char- acter and tone to the exterior effect. All of the wooden corbels, brackets and over-hanging eaves are of nat- ural chestnut, _fin- ished about the color of English oak. The whole is surmounted with a roof covered with a red Celadon, ing tile, which har- monizes well with the chestnut, the verde-antique of the copper gutters, leaders and flash- ings and the soft gray stucco of the side walls. The entrance is from the porte- cochére at the north side of the house, which has been inclosed with glass From the entrance porch access is obtained of the terrace, which extends across the front, beyond which the piazza is -placed, opening also from the living-room, and thus creating ‘a privacy for the family and their intimates which could not possibly have been provided if the entrance and piazza were united, as is usually the case. The vestibule and entrance loggia have a floor finished with mosaic tile, and the former has a wainscoting of yellow pavanazzo marble. The woodwork is of yellow mahogany. The main hall, together with the stairs and alcoves, is trimmed with old English quartered oak. The fireplace has ‘facings and a hearth of pavanazzo marble and a handsomely carved mantel. The reception-room is hung with textile, and The Entrance Porch and Porte-Cochére is finished with cream white enamel. This delicate scheme is carried out in the furnishings and fittings of this room. The library, including bookcases and mantel, is trimmed with mahogany. The large open fireplace has facings and hearth of senna marble. Opening out of this room is the dining-room, which is finished in Flemish oak, with hand- carved panels of very beautiful Venetian design, imported direct, and arranged to fit the wall spaces. All the furniture of this room is in keeping, and with the dull wall effects of light metallic tones, together with leaded glass of appro- priate design, makes a very pleasant dining-room and a harmonious whole. The kitchen and butler’s pantry are planned on a most generous scale, and are furnished with white enamel tile wainscoting and all the best modern conveniences. The second story contains four large bedrooms, dressing - rooms, three bathrooms, maid’s room and large” - cc. iortiiess presses. This floor is treated with white enamel trim, and the walls are covered with artis- and wainscotings, porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel- plated plumbing. The servant quar- ters, trunk room and storage space are placed in the attic. +. Phe cella contains the laun- dry, heating apparatus, fuel rooms, etc. The stable, which is so necessary an adjunct of the country house, is designed in the same style as the dwelling, and is built of similar ma- terials. It has, however, a pronounced individuality of its own, and clearly proclaims its purpose and its use. It is planned and arranged in the best modern style, and is fitted with the most approved conveniences for the horses and carriages and for their rapid handling. The coachman’s quarters have been placed in the upper story, and are both convenient and pleasant. The whole property has been well developed, and has been arranged with great care and skill. Mr. Bradford L. Gilbert, architect, 50 Broadway, New Nonk, Ne Ye tic decorations. The bathrooms have tiled floors August, 1905 AME RIR@AN* FiO MPES' AN Di) iG@AUREDIE-NiS 91 i aa 260 Poor GOxId tO as 74 | © Dining oo rz. q* 22 Poare- cocvtze LerARy— Gia £0 Loors "19 6x 76 Licteriore Boor. SECOND [Look Jies7 floor The Residence of Alfred Skitt, Esq., Yonkers, New York g2 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDERS August, 1905 SALE LR ti a A Quiet Retreat The Stable The Residence of Alfred Skitt, Esq., Yonkers, New York August, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 93 ‘Heim Mere,” the Summer Home of Louis L. Hopkins, Esq. Manchester, ASSING the many attractive houses that command attention, on the road from Beverly to Manchester, there is none more picturesque than the one recently built for Louis L. Hopkins, Esq. The house sets well back from the highway, and the broad expanse of velvet lawn is bounded by a low stone wall, which is nearly hidden from view by a mass of clinging vines. Beds of flowers dot the lawn at the front and at the sides, and at the back are lines of willow trees and masses of shrubbery. The approach is by an avenue which winds itself from the main entrance and around a circular roadway to the front. In the center of this circular roadway there is placed a mas- sive bed of hydrangeas, which are, in the latter part of the summer and during the autumn, a mass of bloom with their ever-changing colors as the season ad- vances. Large pots of the hydrangea hortensia grace the steps at either side of the entrance door. A wide path from this driveway leads to the rear of the house, where the grounds extend to the water's edge. On one side yf) eA =} wy, YS = Massachusetts somely carved mantel. On either side of the fireplace are low bookcases built in, and, with a comfortable chair, pro- vides a quiet retreat. The ingle-nook forms the entrance to the billiard-room, which extends to the edge of the verandas, and with one of the many windows, a French one, opening onto the veranda. This room is trimmed with mahogany and has a high paneled wainscoting finished with a plate- rack, filled with many handsome golf trophies. The wall space above this plate-rack is covered with leather and the ceiling finished with heavy molded beams. At the left of the hall is the dining-room, one of the most pleasant rooms in the house, with an extensive ocean view from the circular baywindow at the end. The trim of this room is treated with white enamel paint. This room has a of this spacious lawn is the stable, which is large enough to accommodate the horses and carriages and the coachman’s quar- ters overhead. The house itself is most attractive in its combina- tion of gray stucco, red- brown shingles and white painted trim, and with the green vines clinging to its sides makes a most artistic picture. Wide verandas are placed at either side of the house, the larger one being at the rear, facing the water, and both are covered with vines; the white clematis abounding profusely and adding much to the artistic appearance of the house. The grounds at the rear of the house are even more beautiful than those at the front, with their many beautiful flowers and the broad sward of the green velvet lawn. The main entrance to the house is from the low front veranda, and through a vestibule to a reception hallway, with Doric columns, supporting the balcony of the main landing of the staircase. The hall, which is fitted up for a living- room, is furnished with white enamel trim. It has a pan- eled wainscoting, above which the walls are covered with an embossed paper of a yellow and white design, and the whole finished with a wooden cornice. Opening from this hall is the ingle-nook, containing an open fireplace with brick facings and hearth and a hand- Porch, Showing a Bed of Hydrangea Paniculata in the Center of the Roadway low paneled wainscoting of Colonial character, a wooden cornice and an open fireplace, which is particularly hand- some with its exquisite carving and paneled over-mantel. The second story contains the owner’s suite, with private bathroom, guests’ rooms, and the servants’ rooms and bath, which are placed over the kitchen extension, with a private hall and stairway leading to the kitchen. The main bath- rooms are very handsomely fitted up with paved tiled floor, wainscoting of glazed tile, porcelain fixtures and exposed plumbing, all nickelplated. Extra guest rooms and trunk rooms are provided for on the third floor, while the cellar contains the heating apparatus, fuel rooms, etc. Mr. William G. Rantoul, architect, 6 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. 94 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905 “Heim Mere ’—The Front Dining Sroort. sHb 9 Ber Loar (2x66 fircifen Fey sexi Boone Ym WLconn [Looe > an Jest floor “Heim Mere ’—The Rear August, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 95 “Heim Mere ’—The Hall and Staircase AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDE. August, 1905 The Residence of Charles F. Droste, Esq. Montclair, New Jersey HE house built for Charles F. Droste, Esq., at Montclair, N. J., is designed in the English style that was contemporaneous with our Colonial period. ‘The first story and two gables are built of selected common brick, laid Flemish bond in red mortar, with raked-out joints and the headers projecting one-half inch beyond the plane of the stretchers. “The semicircular stair- case tower is built of frame covered with.expanded metal lath and then rough plaster, the whole of which is crowned with a copper finial. The sills, coping and floors of the vesti- bule and piazza, as well as all the steps, are of artificial stone of a light gray color. The remainder of the house is built of frame, covered with ship-lapped hemlock boards, building The Terrace Steps paper and red cedar shingles, the latter stained red, except. the small roof, which is stained a moss green. The trim 1s painted white. The central hall of the first story is trimmed with white- wood painted a cream white, except the doors, which are stained and finished in mahogany with rubbed-down varnish. The rails and treads of the stairs are of birch finished the same as the doors. Around the hall is a wooden cornice, be- hind which the electric lights are concealed. The diffusion of light from this arrangement is very effective. Back of the hall, and separated from it by fluted Roman columns, is the reception-room, which is treated the same as the hall. ‘The walls are hung with a green paper. To the right of the hall is the living-room, the walls of which are paneled with broad battens of quartered oak to the height of the doors and windows, the spaces being filled in with olive green burlap. The space above the plate-rack, which extends around the room, and the ceiling are tinted a pale green. ‘The angle between the side walls and the ceil- ing is paneled with two moldings. The walls of the ingle-nook are entirely covered with small-faced brick of a soft brown tone in a combination with the buff brick mantel. Bookcases are built in at one end of the room, at one side of which there is a door opening into the private porch. ‘The woodwork in this room is stained a dark brown and is finished in oil. The dining-room is trimmed with whitewood stained a Flemish brown. The walls are covered with tapestry up to the height of the door cas- ings, and the whole is fin- ished with a_ plate-rack. The tone of the tapestry is blue, green and brown, and the walls above the plate-rack and the ceiling are tinted a light brown. The mantel is of special design, and contains a china cabinet, while the facings and hearth are of brick. .The butler’s pantry is trimmed with cypress and finished with spar varnish, and contains a sink, china closet, cupboard and drawers. The kitchen is treated in a similar man- ner, and has an imitation tile wainscoting four feet in height, and is furnished with all the best modern appliances. The second floor contains five bed- rooms, one dressing-room and two bathrooms. The entire trim of these rooms is of whitewood painted cream white. The bath- rooms have tiled wainscotings and floor, and are furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The floors throughout the first and second stories are double, the upper one being of hardwood. There are three bedrooms and a servants’ bathroom on the third floor, besides ample storage spaces. The cellar contains the laundry, heating apparatus, fuel room, cold storage, etc. The house is heated by steam, indirect on first floor and direct for the balance of the house. The lighting is by gas and electricity. The house is a pictur- esque structure picturesquely placed in a site admirably suited to it. Mr. Albert F. Norris, architect, 150 Nassau Street, New York, N. Y. ~I August, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 9 RECPT- ROOM- 110% 13207 _ “KITCHEN: 1210"K 1S 14" a|| VTLER It PANTRY Clos: “CHANIBER = 36% War “CHAMBER: Wot t2!3> ‘FIRST “TLOOR - PLAN “CHAMBER - 1G26"% 19> - DRESSING: “CHAMBER: U2>K 1527" “CHAMBER: TE 10" x [4207 “SECOND: FLOOR: PLAN- The Residence of Charles F. Droste, Esq., Montclair, New Jersey AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905 oe SUNN eer mtu The Dining-Room The Living-Room The Residence of Charles F. Droste, Esq., Montclair, New Jersey August, 1905 AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDENS 99 “Crow’s Nest,” the Bungalow of Dr. J. H. Huddleston Navesink Highlands, New Jersey SENVJ UST before reaching the attractive and in- Wi teresting little station at Water Witch, as the train from New York leaves the steamer pier, it passes along with the coast on the one hand and a rapidly rising wood- land on the other. From the little station at Water Witch a winding roadway circles itself up to the summit of Navesink Highlands, and just before reaching the top, and at the turn in the road, is the bungalow of Dr. J. H. Huddleston. The style of the Swiss farmhouse, w ith over-hanging eaves and brackets, was adopted for the design of this build- ing, and it plays a very effective part in its conformity with the site, which re- cedes with a steep decline. Mime Exterior woodwork through- out, excepting the moldings, is left rough as it comes from the saw. The covering for the out- side is formed by what is commonly known as “ siding,” except that in this case it is made very wide in the base- ment, and about eight inches for the rest of the wall, and is left rough as it comes from the saw. The entire building is stained a dark hemlock brown, with the blinds treated a darker shade. The roof is covered with First FLloozm PLAN House or Da.J.F.MuppLe ston NAVESINE MieamLaAnps NJ EXNEST MA. MACHADS, AgcH'T. Reston «SALEM Mssa & Ez ss Pome Kircrnen « | Peat ie LIVING Room 9 & ny ; x = Pisezezew shingles, and is stained a dull green, which blends well into the green colorings of the over-hanging trees. [he foun- dations are of large cedar and locust posts with the bark left on and braced diagonally with smaller poles of the same kind. Only a portion of the cellar is inclosed. The plan shows a large living-room, dining-room and a kitchen with its dependencies on the first floor, and five bed- rooms and bath on the second floor, while the servant quar- ters are placed on the third floor. The interior of the first story is either sheathed with rough sheathing, or the rough boarding showing back of Studs: in* some places heavy sheath- ing paper of dif- ferent colors is used between the stud- ding and boarding ““ Crow’s in order to secure a decorative scheme. This is a very inex- pensive decoration, and gives a very artistic and pleasing effect; the wood- work being stained either the same shade or a_ shade that will harmonize with the paper. The living-room is fitted up in an at- tractive manner, i with the studding Nest and floor beams ex- posed to view. Cross beams are cut in between, and book shelves are placed at various points along the wall. The staircase rises out of this room, and has a simple WC: Batn CHAMBERNO. 5 CLos ~ FCios SECOND -FiscoR: PLAN + Mouse "ee DRT ht MuppLeston- Navesink MiqgmLANnnps:-N:J- EMAMACHADS: ArcHiTtECT: Boston & SALEM: MASS- Scare y= 1-07 - Cmamober No. ! r | CriAMBER No 4 Mace CMAMDER No. 3. E CHAaAmper No. 2 | ee | I0O ““Crow’s Nest’’—The Living-Room balustrade with newel post. The fireplace is built of rough brick with dark headers, and all laid in Flemish bond. The facing of the fireplace rises up to the ceiling, and its height is broken by a rough-hewn shelf, supported on similar brackets, all of which have retained their bark. A long settle, built of rough-sawn stuff, forms a very inviting retreat beside the fireplace. The dining-room opens from the living-room by a broad arch, so that when occasion demands both rooms may be thrown into one. ‘This dining-room is treated similarly to the living-room, and is furnished with corner cupboards and shelves over the same. The butler’s pantry, which is fitted up complete, forms an entrance to the kitchen, which is also fitted with all the necessary improvements, including a large store pantry. ‘There is a stairway to the cellar, and the rear stairway to the second story is in combination with the front staircase. The second and _ third stories, with the exception of two rooms, are plastered throughout with rough fin- ish. “Che two bedrooms re- ferred to are sheathed from the floor to the ceiling with rough matched boards, and are stained, giving a very soft and_ pleasing effect after the room is furnished. The floors throughout the house are of hard pine. The hardware on the inside of the house is of iron. The house has electric bells and thoroughly modern plumbing. There is no paint used on the inside of the house, for everything is stained in brown, gray and green, so that the in- terior effect is most har- monious and ideal for a summer home. Simple as this house is in AMERICAN " EX@iiEs AND GARDENS August, 1905 design, it is an excellent illustration of the possibili- ties of the bungalow type of dwelling. It contains, as the plans show, and as the descriptions and the pho- tographs of the interior make clear, but two main rooms on the first floor. Yet these two rooms, the living-room and the dining-room, are in them- selves quite sufficient, with the kitchen and its depen- dencies, to make a complete house—a house complete in essential apartments, and, in this particular case, of sufficient size to make them thoroughly adaptable to every essential requirement. An analysis of the plans shows how very admirably this result has been secured. The first story plan shows the house to consist of three cubes, one for the living- room, one for the dining-room, and a third for the kitchen. This is speaking generally, of course, for the dimensions of these rooms are by no means cubical. The comparison, how- ever, shows the simplicity of the plan in its basic form. The fhces which form the spaces subsidiary to the kitchen are outside the basic cubes of the first floor, but are necessary to the convenience of the dwelling. Artistic expression is given to the house by the porch, which surrounds it on two sides, and the built-out upper story of the second floor. This arrangement entirely modifies the aspect of the building and thoroughly removes the cubical idea from the upper story. There are, of course, to be found the bedrooms and the bathroom, all of which are en- tered from a central hall. This second story is eco- nomical in the disposition of the space and is quite beyond criticism. rt “Crow’s Nest’”—The Fireplace in Living-Room August, 1905 “Crow’s Nest’ —The Living and Dining Rooms Here, then, is a very simple dwelling, unpretentious in its structure and its development, yet.a very charming house to live in and amply equipped with every essential convenience. The design is an extremely happy one for the situation, the house and the site having that direct relationship to each other which characterizes every good house, and which, when combined with fine artistic treatment, as in this instance, sums up about all the requirements that can be demanded of a dwelling house. Apart from the plan and the arrangement the qualities of this house which particu- larly call for consideration, and which most decidedly assert themselves, are its picturesqueness and its charm. The surroundings are, of course, picturesque in the extreme, that is the fortunate characteristic of the locality in which “Crow’s Nest” is built. It would have been a misfor- tune—an artistic calamity —had this delightful set- ting been ignored in the de- sign of the exterior. The picturesque was, therefore, forced upon the architect as the basis of the architectural expression at the very be- ginning; and, as the illus- trations very happily show, this was followed to the end. The charm of the house is also due to this circum- stance. The picturesque is always charming and always interesting. An architect with a keen sense of the value of the pictur- AY NC EVRAEGA NN: “EO MCE: S AN D (GAR DIE.N:S on esque could not have made a failure of his design if given full swing for the display of his talent at the outset. This undoubtedly happened in this case, and hence the artistic success of this little house was assured at the commencement of the work. But the house is pictu:- esque within as well as with. This is another quality quite indispensable in a dwelling of this sort, and which fol- lows from such an exterior as a matter of course. It is not always possible to make an interior correspond with the exterior in style or in treatment. It is not only not always possible to do so, but in many cases—perhaps in most cases—it is q uite out of the question to ac- complish such a result. The interior necessarily differs from the exterior, for the latter is but a sheathng and a cover to the former. There are times, however, when a certain kind of an ex- terior suggests and calls for a certain kind of an interior, and ‘““Crow’s Nest”’ is precisely one of these. The interior rooms, their shape, size, arrangement and furnishing, are exactly what might be looked for in a dwelling built and placed as this one is. In this respect the house is quite re- markable and worthy of more study and attention than it might, judged by its size and purpose, receive. Mr. Ernest M. A. Machado, architect, 9g Cornhill Street, Boston, Mass. “Crow’s Nest”—A Rear View 102 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905 Angoras for Pleasure and Profit LTHOUGH the Angora goat exhibits little of the bellicose nature which characterizes the common goat of the city squatter’s cab- bage patch, yet in lordly appearance and ma- jestic mien the buck looks for all the world as pugnacious as any four-footed beast. Timidity is not an implied quality thereby; in certain seasons and conditions an Angora buck is perfectly capable of asserting his primitive rights, and even the meek- eyed does and kids have powers for self-defense not fully ap- preciated. But, as a rule, Angoras are gentle, affectionate An Angora Buck By George E. Walsh be made to the Angora, and whether the inclosure goes by the name of pasture, park or pen, the results are practically the same. On the farm a flock of Angoras reclaim and clear wild, bushy land at little expense, and on the small country place they graze upon pasture of weeds and bushes with evident relish. ‘The valuable fleece, meat and pelt bring to the fancier a profit which adds materially to his income. Brushy pasture land or second-growth timber parks make ideal locations for the Angora flocks. Low, swampy lands are not so suitable for the animals as moderately elevated regions. They are better investment than sheep for clearing A Flock of Nearly Two Thousand Angoras Photographed at Ward’s Ranch Manor, Sullivan County, New York The Largest Flock in the East and susceptible, in a remarkable degree, to the gentle art of petting. As ‘exceptionally useful and beautiful ornaments for any country estate, they are worthy of careful attention and study. Unfortunately the embellished press accounts of their early importation in this country, and the wonderful profits they promised to yield to the slothful and lazy, created a prejudice against them in many quarters. But now that the boom has subsided, and the goats have become creditable inhabitants of hundreds of our farms and country places, a true appreciation of their worth is possible. All goats, of whatever breed and tribe, are nuisances unless properly fenced in pasture fields. No exception should new ground. A one-hundred-acre inclosure of fair soil and pasture will support upward of sixty to one hundred and fifty does. If the flock is not properly nourished on such a park or private inclosure, a little hay and grain fed at night will equalize the food ration. A natural pasture or second-growth timber field fenced with wire netting, three or four feet high, will accommodate a flock of Angoras. The cost of inclosing ground with wire netting averages $100 per mile, and with plain fencing wire about $60. ‘This includes posts placed firmly in the ground every twenty to thirty feet, with a string of barbed wire on top and wooden stays, one by two inches, to stiffen it, and close netting that will keep the kids from crawling through August, 1905 or under. To inclose a one-hundred-acre field would thus cost from $200 to $300, according to the quality of the wire fencing and the cost of labor and posts. A smaller inclosure for a dozen or two goats would cost proportionately less. As a profitable investment it does not pay to keep less than fifty to sixty Angoras, but for fancy stock any number desired can be raised on a place of only a few acres. Lovers of fancy-bred stock raise with success, in various parts of the country, ten and fifteen does on natural woodland pastures of only a few acres in extent. A dozen may be raised on five or six acres if a little extra feeding is given at night time. There are upward of fifty thousand thoroughbred and cross-bred Angora goats registered in this country, and this number is being annually increased. The pure-bred does sell all the way from $10 to $30 a piece, with bucks ranging from $25 to $150. Price is, after all, purely relative, and it is not always a true indication of the real value of the animal. Frequently a $75 buck will yield move fleece a year than a $100 animal. But fineness and density of fleece are points to consider as well as weight and length. It is a safe rule among breeders of Angoras that only the best pay. The $r1oo buck that shears six pounds of fleece in the South and nine pounds in the North each year is much ~ 5p A Rancher and His Pet Angora more profitable as the head of a flock than a $50 buck which shears only from five to six pounds. The buck is the deter- mining factor of the herd. He makes the flock and its future standing. Good does count, too, but the pure-bred buck is all-important. The relatively high cost of the buck conse- quently makes a small flock somewhat doubtful from a financial point of view, although for the fancier such con- siderations may have no weight. The does shear all the way from four to six pounds of fleece a year. Many of them are sold on “ guaranteed clips.” The Southern Angora does, however, will shear from one-third to one-half more when shipped North and once acclimated. The acclimation of the Texas-bred An- goras is frequently a point of trouble with the amateur breeder or keeper. Does frequently show a propensity to sicken and die in our colder climate, which is heart-breaking to the purchaser. The time of shipment North is often responsible for these losses. Shipments are made at almost all seasons, including the very late winter and early spring months. But, as a rule, the summer shipments have proved the most successful. This is due to the mildness of our Northern summers, which permits the does and bucks a short season in which to get acclimated. Winter shipments im- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 103 Fine Specimens of Lordly Bucks pose a hardship upon the constitution of the animals that often proves fatal. When brought North in summer or early autumn, the goats get accustomed to their new quar- ters and climate before cold winter weather sets in. Bucks can be shipped during much more rigorous weather than does or kids, for their naturally hardier constitutions enable them to withstand climatic changes. The demand for Angora fleece is steadily on the increase in this country, and the textile industries annually find ready consumption for all that the imported animals can produce. The silky, long, lustrous fleece always commands the higher prices, and the demand for it is greater than for the short, coarse and lusterless hair. The mohair spinners require well-assorted hair. The necessity of keeping flocks with fleece as near alike in length and quality is, therefore, quite apparent. In selecting Angoras the density, fineness, length of staple and type of mohair must be kept in view. When the fleece shows uniformity of length and texture, the flock is rated high, and the prices obtained for it correspondingly good. High-priced bucks, next to increasing the quantity of the annual clip, are supposed to improve the fancy points of general value. Chippy and brittle mohair is of little value, and also the dead, lusterless fleece. Hair that grows long and fleecy on the upper part of the body, but poor and short on the chest and below, will show up unevenly in the clip, and cause so much trouble in sorting that the average value is lessened one-half. Likewise hair that is very coarse on the neck and chest, but silky and fleecy on the flank and shoulders, will not sell as the best. Angoras as Useful Pets 104 The breeding of the Angoras is, therefore, a matter of careful attention to the details of the mohair crop. Length of staple, fineness of each fleecy hair, even and uniform growth all over the body and density of yield are all points that the fancier considers, and which the owner raising the goats for profit should equally emphasize. In pure- bred goats fine mohair is, in time, produced on the hind legs to the very hoofs, and to the very tips of the ears and etaile salt, 1s all’ “a matter of careful breeding and feeding. The Angora park or inclosure needs ample shed space for the goats to find shelter from storms and for sleeping at night. In the winter season the barns or stables should be wind-tight, free from drifting snow or rain, carefully ventilated and kept in clean, sani- tary condition. The quality of the fleece will depend a good deal upon the winter treatment of the animals. Although natural roamers in the pure air, the Angoras get their fleece wet and matted in summer or winter, and if the sheds and stables are not kept clean the filth that attaches to the hair may breed skin diseases. Lice, ticks and other ver- min find favorable cultural grounds in wet, matted, filthy hair of sheep or goats. Such troubles can be largely avoided by keeping the sheds and stables absolutely clean and fresh, and, if necessary, fre- quent washing and combing of the fleece should be practised. It has already been said that there is little or no profit in Angora goats raised in small flocks of less than fifty or sixty; but if the initial expense of inclosing the pasture with wire fence can be dispensed with this conclusion may not always be true. Where a natural pasture or woodland has already been inclosed, a few goats could be turned upon it with a chance of fair remuneration. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDE Caught on the Stump August, 1905 The fancy breeder, however, considers qualities which appeal to the eye rather than to the financial possibilities. The Angora goat becomes to him a pet and companion. With an agreeable disposition and fine companionable qualities, the doe or kid is easily made a pet on the coun- try place. Even the buck is not an unworthy pet, and if properly treated he will develop qualities of attach- ment worthy of all admiration. The fleece of the Angoras, under the name of mohair, enters largely into the manufacture of plush goods. Textile mills employ it ex- tensively to give a silken finish to woolen goods. The fleece brings, just as it is sheared, from twenty- five cents to one dollar a pound, the price depending upon the qual- ity of the hair. As a rule; the young Angoras yield the finest and heaviest fleece, and when long and lustrous the outside quotations are obtained. Shearing is done in the spring of the year. ‘The old breed- ing animals when finally killed fur- nish good meat, and the pelts are used for making carriage robes, rugs and fur trimmings for chil- dren’s garments. Recently golf clubs of promi- nence have purchased Angora goats to turn loose on their links. Be- sides lending beauty to the land- scape, they improve the quality of the links by packing the sward more firmly and keeping down weeds and bushes. Nearly all of the large country estates contain at least a few of the goats for ornamental purposes, while their value as farm animals is unquestioned. The author is indebted to the proprietor of Ward’s Angora Ranch, Livingston Manor, N. Y., for courtesies extended in the preparation of this article. The Lightning Rod OR four years past a Lightning Research Committee, organized by the Royal Insti- tute of British Architects and the Surveyors’ Institution of London, have been conduct- ing a series of investigations into the use and value of lightning rods. ‘The recently pub- lished report sums up and recapitulates the results of much new study on this important subject, the practical suggestions of which are as follows: 1. Two main lightning rods, one on each side, should be provided extending from the top of each tower, spire or high chimney stack by the most direct course to the earth. 2. Horizontal conductors should connect all the vertical rods, (a) along the ridge, or any other suitable position on the roof; (b) at or near the ground line. 3. The upper horizontal conductor should be fitted with aigrettes or points at intervals of twenty or thirty feet. 4. Short vertical rods should be erected along minor pinnacles and connected with the upper horizontal conductor. 5. All roof metals, such as finials, ridging, rain-water and ventilating pipes, metal cowls, lead flashing gutters, etc., should be connected to the horizontal conductors. 6. All large masses of metal in the building should be connected to earth either directly or by means of the lower horizontal conductor. 7. Where roofs are partially or wholly metal-lined they should be connected to earth by means of vertical rods at several points. 8. Gas pipes should be kept as far away as possible from the positions occupied by lightning conductors, and as an additional protection the service mains to the gas meter should be metallically connected with house services leading from the meter. In discussing this report the Electrical Review raises the question as to whether lightning conductors are a source of danger or not. A building “ protected ”’ by a lightning con- ductor, it says, is probably more often struck by lightning than it would be without it; and unless the conductor offers a sufficiently clear run direct to earth, there is the danger of side-flash, when a portion of the discharge will pass through the masonry or metal-work of the building to earth. Ex- perience appears to teach that the safest way to protect a building from lightning is to keep the conductor quite clear of the building, that is to say, sufficiently far from it abso- lutely to prevent side-flash. If this be so, the best way to treat an isolated building is by an isolated mast. August, 1905 AGMEE Rel@sA Ne =k O MCES AND! GARDENS 105 Luther Burbank and Plant Breeding By Enos Brown JO LUTHER BURBANK has been granted the knowledge, supreme beyond other men, of the susceptibility of plants to vary under the influence of new environments, delicate manipulation and | intelligent direction. Variations in plants, in color, size, fragrance or form, have been observed by biologists from the first, but the phenomenon of change was regarded as a simple order of nature and an additional instance of nature’s lavish endow- ments. That plants could be made to respond to a dominant will, and that the character, appearance or habits of a plant It is only ten years since Mr. Burbank began those ex- periments which have lately culminated. For thirty years a resident of Santa Rosa, Sonoma County, he was perfectly acquainted with all the conditions of climate and soil which distinguished this portion of California. In ages past a lake spread its broad area over this valley, depositing in time a rich alluvial soil of great depth. Frosts are of rare occur- rence, and plant growth, no matter how delicate, is never arrested from this cause. In no region is there a combina- tion of circumstances more favorable for fullest develop- ment or successful experimentation. Bed of Cactus Seedlings, Thornless, Showing Few Reversions might be controlled or altered, and that new ones might be created out of a combination of others, was never dreamed of or imagined, but all these strange things have been demon- strated as facts in the later years of the present generation. The theory of plant evolution has, in a brief period, been even more conclusively established than the most enthusiastic disciple of Darwin ever conceived to be possible. ‘That the scene of these superlatively impressive manifestations of the power of the mind over the natural impulses of plant life should have been developed in the farthest West is some- thing to astonish the most credulous. The marvelous results attained are due to nothing but rational methods, insight, close observation and a highly de- veloped knowledge of plant instinct, altogether directed by scientific attainments of the highest order and with a definite object always in view. It has been established that wild flowers are stubborn in maintaining their original form. In a bed of one thousand, or even ten thousand blossoms, for that matter, there may be but one exhibiting variation. The change may be upward or downward, an improvement or otherwise. It makes no dif- ference to the plant breeder. One plant susceptible to change 106 Hybridized Baldwin Apple, One-Half Yellow, One-Half Red AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDEWMS August, 1905 A Bed of Fragrant Verbenas has been found, and is selected for further experiment. All is enriched. Hostile germs are destroyed by boiling the soil. the remaining plants, the unchangeables, are uprooted and destroyed. Upon the one the efforts of the breeder are centered. a hre faculty to discern a slight variation in a single plant is an essential, the foun- dation upon which after-results are obtained. Let the lover of plants en- deavor to exercise this faculty and pick out of a bed of a thousand flowers the one that differs from all others in color, form or fragrance, and then will be understood the fine quality of that gift which enables Mr. Burbank to glance over abed of flowers and in- stantly discern the one variation for which he is seek- ing. Minute attention to detail is one secret of the success at- tained. Sterilizations extend not only to the soil in which seeds are planted, but to the fertilizer with which the soil Sweet Vernal Grass, Showing Great Variation in Size of Plants Grown from the Seed of One Plant Cactus Ready for the Hybridizer The boxes are sterilized by a solution of sulphate of copper. Mr. Burbank has correspondents in every part of the world where the science of botany is understood or a botanist penetrates. Scientific associa- tions everywhere are his coadjutors. Persons in every zone forward to him new __ types. For him to look at a seed is to identify it. The enyiron- ments and condi- tions of growth are understood as soon as the home latitude of the plant is ascer- tained. Identical environments of a plant may be imi- tated, and later, by graft or hybridiz- ing, new vigor, which means greater power of resistance to lower temperatures, may be imparted. A conspicuous instance of this fact is the yellow calla, which is naturally confined to a limited area in the sub- tropical regions of South Africa. At home it is an extremely fragile plant. By hybridizing and crossing with the ordinary white calla of the United States a deep yellow flower has been evolved as hardy as the native variety. The first cross- 7 The Two Central Raspberries were Produced from the Two Varieties at the Ends by Crossing and Selection August, 1905 An Amarylis One-Quarter Natural Size ing resulted in light and dark yellow flowers. Subsequent crossings yielded flowers as deep in color as the original. It has taken years to develop these qualities in its new envi- ronments, but there is no reason why the yellow should not be cultivated in tempera- tures where the common white now flourishes. To the residents of New and Old Mexico, Arizona, Texas and Central America the qualities, amiable and otherwise, which pre-emi- nently distinguish the prickly pear need not be enlarged upon. In the hot-houses of the North small specimens of the plant are cherished as conclusive exhibitions of the eccentricities of nature. In its home this cactus grows to the dimensions of trees and is used as fences to protect the domicile against the irruptions of any animal, wild or domestic. Its sharp thorns are impregnable to assault. Di- vested of its spines the prickly pear as a food plant has a value equaling one-half that of alfalfa. It propagates itself with little moisture. Cattle eat it with avidity, but the spines, introduced into the intestines, cause death. A more conclusive test of the practical value of the theories of Mr. Burbank, then, in an endeavor to divest the prickly pear of its thorns, could not be imagined. This he undertook to do, and succeeded. In certain parts of Central America there grows a species of prickly pear which has no spines or spikes, the only thorn with which the plant is endowed being the spicules found within the leaves. A plant of this variety was set out in the experimental grounds and crossed or hybridized with five Northern species, producing a type in which the spines were almost eliminated. Continued crossings produced in the fifth or sixth generations which was completely thornless. Succeeding efforts resulted in a cactus in which every evi- dence of even a spicule had vanished. ‘The new plant is hardy and vigorous growth. One plant in the grounds is three years old and stands eight feet high, covering a space perhaps five feet square. Upon it there are one hundred and seventy leaves, and the whole plant weighs nine hundred AMERICAN HOMES A Thornless Cactus Not Yet Deprived of its Spicules AND GARDENS 107 pounds. The fruit is of delicious flavor, somewhat like the pineapple, only more delicate. The deserts of the South may be clothed in the spineless cactus at no late day. Its value would be incalculable. The magnificent crimson poppy, which bears a flower fully eighteen inches in circumference, is a product of hybrid- izing the opium with the Oriental. ‘The first generation produced a flower having a narrow crimson streak. In this all the pistils excepting those which were crimson were cut off or amputated. These seeds were, in due time, planted, and a flower nearly solid crimson bloomed from the stem. Successive efforts eliminated every other color but the one desired. It is the glory of the ficld; a whole garden in itself. It took three or four years and many generations to create, but the great crimson poppy is now a permanent addition to the ornaments of the garden. As showing the results of continued crossings, in a bed containing hundreds of thou- sands of leaves there could be seen no two which were alike. The California poppy, Eschscholtzia, naturally rich, deep yellow in color, by following up a rare specimen in which only a vein of crimson appeared, has developed a new type which is all crimson. The fragrant verbena is a product of selection and cross- ing. One plant was discovered in which a trait of ancestry revived and exhibited itself in one specimen, which was dis- covered by the plant breeder and its fragrance revived. The amarylis has been bred into a new plant, colossal in size and gorgeous in color. Its size has been increased to four times greater than the original, and measures from eight to ten inches across. A wild white blackberry crossed with the Lawton pro- duces a much clearer white, and is infinitely more pro- ductive than the Lawton and of finer flavor. The common daisy of the North has, by hybridizing and selection, developed into a flower four and five times as large as the original and many times more beautiful. The variations of the new plant are endless. The latest wonder to be established at the experimental farm are two new types of the black walnut tree, and named the Paradox and Royal. The first is a crossing of the com- mon English walnut with the California, the latter between the Eastern and the California. In front of the Burbank home there are trees of the Paradox, not yet fourteen years Extreme Form of Blackberry Leaves Produced by Hybridization of Two Distinct Species 108 © of age, which measure two feet and over in diameter at a height of three feet above the ground. It is claimed that these trees are by twenty-five to fifty per cent. more rapid growers than any known. ‘The quality of the wood for finishing is said to be very superior, and takes on a beautiful finish. No one expects a plant to flourish without proper nourish- ment. The plant responds quickly to genial culture. In color combination a new type is found or else the greater peculiarities of one of the parents. Color is certain waves of light. Soils known as alkali produce colors in which the red is predominant. In soils with acid combination blue is most conspicuous. Permanence of the new types is assured. A gain in color, form, vigor, size, fragrance or quality, in the direction of variation, once secured, is as liable to endure as new varieties of fruits, berries and flowers which have been es- tablished for generations. To enumerate all the varia- tions upon established types built up under Mr. Burbank’s meth- ods would be impossible. There is no end of them. Upon no species of plant life, be it flower, berry or fruit, has crossing and hybridizing failed to produce the most wonderful changes. When a change is noted the avenue is opened for variations in every direction. Time is the greatest element in all plant modifications. It may take years to develop to the full realization of the hopes of the plant breeder. Any property, color, shape, size or fragrance may remain dormant, to be brought out under the influence of improved cultivation or the stimulation of some influence imparted by the hybridizing process. The best or the worst qualities of a plant may be confined in a single one. The expert plant breeder will combine many traits in order to produce the type he is searching for. The element of precisions enters into all of Mr. Bur- bank’s operations. The depth to which seeds should be planted, nature of soil required, the proper temperature, ex- AMERICAN HOMES Daisy Shasta, One-Third Natural Size AND GARDENS August, 1905 posure, shady or otherwise, moist or dry—all of these par- ticulars are observed and recorded with infinite care. When the plants appear a careful selection is made of the most promising. These selected plants are never lost sight of. Then preferences, for their mute language is understood, are humored. If color is the object sought, every other tendency is lost sight of but that; so for size, form or fragrance. Later a combination of all these qualities may be merged into the one. Cultivation will not produce new type, but crossing and hybridizing most always will. Pollination is effective only at the moment selected by the plant itself. “To some plants the time is when the bees appear. The evening primrose selects the time when the night moths are abroad. Pollen is sometimes ap- plied with the finger; a camel’s- hair brush is used in the case of certain plants. Pollen is gathered early in the morning. Sometimes buds are picked and the pollen taken as they ripen and open. ‘The plants thus treated are tagged and watched and their character and habits re- corded. It may be years before the results of all this care and detail are known to a certainty. Mr. Burbank expresses him- self as follows regarding the vast possibilities of plant breeding. They can hardly be estimated. “Tt would not be difficult for one man to breed a new rye, wheat, barley, oats or rice which would produce one grain more to each head, or a corn to produce an extra kernel to each ear, another potato to each plant, or an apple, plum, orange or nut to each tree. ‘““What would be the result? annually, without extra cost or effort, 5,200,000 extra bushels of corn, 15,000,000 extra bushels of wheat, 20,000,000 extra bushels of oats, 1,500,000 bushels more of barley and 21,000,000 extra bushels of potatoes. Not for one year only, but as a permanent legacy for all future generations.”’ Truly a wonderful outlook. Nature would produce The Nursery in America By Walter A. Dyer TERED OT AN HE scientists have been making some in- teresting experiments of late to determine the effect of various colors on the human nervous system. If their enthusiasm has carried their theories too far, they have at : least shown that there is an element of truth in ‘fe Aen In its broader aspect, no one will seriously ques- tion the theory that bright, harmonious colors in one’s sur- roundings tend to greater happiness and a healthier nerv- ous condition than the more somber hues. Let us, then, take so much for granted, and also the state- ment that children are fully as sensitive to their surroundings as adults. A learned paper might easily be written to prove that a child’s health and disposition may depend, to a remark- able degree, upon his surroundings, whether they be bright and cheerful or gloomy and uninteresting. The study of pedagogy has done much to improve the minds, bodies and characters of American children in school. But how about the home conditions? Until recently very little was ever done to give the child a room in which he could grow up healthy and happy and endowed with a love for the clean and the beautiful. ven to-day there are only a few real nurseries in this country worth writing about. Houses in which the decorations of parlor, library, dining- room and chamber are all that could be desired have no place in them for a nursery worthy of the name. The day is fast approaching when the nursery will receive as much attention as the other rooms in the American house, but at present we must look to Europe for our models. Of course, there are children’s rooms, but they are, for the most part, meaningless in their decorations. A crib, a few pic- tures, a little chair or two and the toys are about all that constitute the furnishings of most of them. England and Germany are countries of homes, and it is in these countries that we find the best examples of the mod- ern nursery. Some of the best designers and decorators in August, 1905 these countries, as well as manufacturers, have been giving their best thought to this room. Perhaps it would be interest- ing to mention one or two of them. There is a Scandinavian artist, Karl Larsson by name, who has, of late years, been turning his talents into the chan- nel of home decoration. ‘The keynote of his style is variety and individuality. He scorns to follow fixed rules, and decorates his walls in panels and sections, employing a great variety of patterns, though the colorings always harmonize and the patterns in a single room always show a certain kinship of type. Like the Japanese, he decorates his dark jogs and corners in lighter tones than those employed in the spaces on which the full light of the windows falls. The panels of his doors are decorated fancifully, and over doors and windows he likes to arrange a little special decoration, breaking the monotony of the frieze. None of Larsson’s rooms are more delightful than his nurseries. He seems to know what the little people like, and he varies his dainty floral patterns with an occasional figure of droll grotesqueness or fairy grace. And his color sense is superb.. The children get as much of his skill in harmony and blending as the grown-ups. In England, where the decorative profession is of great importance, there are several well-known firms which have been doing notable things in the nursery. One of the fore- most, Waring & Gillow, of London, exhibited at the St. Louis Exposition last year, together with other rooms, a fully decorated and furnished English nursery. It was full of individuality and artistic charm, and should have made a lasting impression on the minds of the American parents who saw it. In England, child-loving artists have been giving their attention to wall paper designing. Everybody knows Kate Greenaway’s picture books. Her wall papers are no less highly prized in England. Walter Crane is another artist— the last survivor of the pre-Raphaelite school, by the way— who does not disdain to work for the little ones. He, too, is better known in this country for his charming illustrations of fairy tales and Christmas books, but he has employed the same dainty grace in his wall paper designs. And now Cecil Alden is drawing some of the most fascinating panels and friezes that were ever designed for children. Fortunately the work of these English artists can be ob- tained through the importers, and there are plenty of good English nursery wall papers now on the market. Our do- mestic designers and manufacturers are also going into it gradually, and there will be plenty of good, low-priced nursery wall papers to be had as soon as the demand in- creases. But this is America and the present, and we must con- sider what can be done to-day in fitting up a nursery with the materials at hand. It is a room which is bound to become popular soon, and it is high time that we gave it a little thought. In general, the furniture should be strong but not ugly, for we must never forget that no one is more open to the subtle influences of the beautiful than a child. The room should be bright and the colors pleasing. The walls should be given careful attention, and also the draperies and cover- ings. Cretonnes and cotton prints can be obtained, bright with flowers and fantastic figures especially designed for the nursery. A figured chintz or flowered muslin is better for window curtains and draperies than white lace or tapestries. Variety and brightness and pictorial interest are what the child loves. The wall papers may be floral, or Mother Goose, animal and kindred subjects, or both. The pictures should be se- lected with the same care, and may be either simply amusing or embody some educational idea. Historical and geo- graphical subjects need not be uninteresting simply because AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 109 they teach something. But we should never permit poor art or poor taste to creep in, merely because the child won’t know the difference. He doesn’t know, but he feels. Perhaps it will prove helpful to some reader if we describe a sort of model nursery that will not cost a fortune. We will assume that it is a room of fair size, with two or more windows; the nursery must be well lighted. If it is used as a bedroom as well as a playroom, of course there are the beds or cribs. If the windows can be darkened with an extra set of green shades it will often help to keep the baby asleep in the morning until his elders want to get up. We can use a carpet on the floor, though bright rugs are better; they are so much more easily cleaned, and the nursery must be kept clean to be healthful. Window draperies are not a necessity, but something bright and pretty, draped back, adds to the general effect. At each of the windows, or part way around the room, we will build a window seat, not too high, but high enough so that little faces can look out, and broad enough so that little legs can be stretched out comfortably. We will make it simple and won’t try to give it such a high polish that we shall have to make annoying rules to prevent scratching. For the rest of the furniture we will buy whatever we can that is small enough and strong and pretty. Willow rockers are plenty, and there is one manufacturing firm in New York which makes a line of little chairs and tables and desks, in the mission style, strong and dark colored, and just the right size. We’ll buy some of those, if we can find them. Now for the walls. We'll find out how far up little fin- gers can reach, and just above that point we’ll run a narrow shelf around the room. On this we can put ornaments and bric-a-brac, of the sort that children love, out of harm’s way. By all means get one of those old-fashioned barometers, with the quaint man and woman in the cottage door. Below the shelf or plate-rail we will use something very durable and not easily soiled. Suppose we use a dark green burlap. We can add to the durability and decorative effect by paneling it off with flat, vertical cleats a couple of feet apart. All the woodwork should be stained a dark color, so that we won’t have to be continually on the lookout for finger-marks. If we use the black or brown mission furni- ture, the woodwork stained to match will produce a most satisfactory result. Now above the shelf we must bring in our color, and we have placed the shelf as low as possible in order to get in as much color as possible. Never be afraid of using plenty of color; discord is the only thing to be avoided. Just above the shelf we will use a Mother Goose or an animal frieze. Friezes are generally hung at the top of the wall, to be sure, and your paperhanger will doubtless insist on the prescribed method, but there is no law to prevent our hanging this one nearer the level of bright eyes, and if we try it I think we'll be rather pleased with the result than otherwise. Above the frieze we’ll use a floral wall paper in natural colorings. We'll taboo blue roses and pink violets. If we haven’t many pictures, we can use quite a gaudy floral. Or we can use something quiet and dainty, and depend more upon the hanging pictures or poster panels. There’s a good series of such panels for the nursery on the market called, “Morning,” “ Noon” and “ Night.” Wherever there are many pictures in a room, it’s always well to use a quiet paper. Too pronounced a pattern is always fighting with the pic- tures for supremacy. Now, then, we have a room that serves a number of prac- tical ends, and which Gerald and Irene will go into ecstacies over when we let them in and tell them it’s theirs. Won’t it be worth the trouble and expense? We shall undoubtedly find many ways in which to improve on this pattern, but it will do for a working basis. Some of us, though of modest means, must make the experiment. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905 Principles of Home Decoration II—Concerning Halls By Joy Wheeler Dow were speaking of the halls of con- ventional city houses on conventional city lots or the halls of apartment houses, I do not know that anything need be said further than to keep them as little furnished and as unobtrusive by decoration as possible. Superficial embellishment of these halls only tends to adver- tise their architectural deformity, which no decoration can 1—The Hall of Hoghton Tower, Lancashire, England, Showing Vast Size and Height cover up; for, architecturally, they are not halls at all—“ pas- sages’ is the better word. ‘There used to be some old-fash- ioned city houses which had main passages so amplified by breadth, and by placing the staircase in a staircase-hall toward the rear, sometimes, as in the older parts of Phila- \Pin ba delphia, leading to a mezzanine dining- room in a back building, as to deserve being dignified as halls. But in this paper I am presupposing the most important institution in the plan of an Anglo-Saxon dwelling- house, which, if not always the principal room, is always the axis morally, whether mathematically or not, of the house scheme. And this, to plagiarize a catchy refrain from “The Runaway Girl,” “I think is quite the kind of hall we care about.” Now, every good American with the least ambition looks forward to some day when he shall have a country seat in which there is pre-eminently a hall, not necessarily so splendid an apartment nor inclosing the vast cubic space inclosed by the hall at Hoghton, in Lancashire, England, but a hall with every inch as much home significance. ‘That is the thing! And I only wish that the wealth of the United States was such, and economic differences so nicely adjusted, as to permit every individual citizen whose free education has created and cultivated the want, to acquire equally good archi- tecture for his dwelling place. To most of my readers this single object lesson of a hall will be sufficient without a word relative to its merits in detail; but to give my illustration still greater power and influence | can do no better than to follow the good illustration by one which has been marred by over- crowding. In plate No. 2 is shown the main hall of an imposing man- sion not far from New York City. It has been enriched with every decorative device that wealth could suggest. Still, the effect produced is not altogether satisfactory. The architect is largely to blame for the results produced, as he has too much duplicated the use of the arch, until the eye is wearied with the effect and the observer is re- minded of the endless rows of arches in the temple at Cordova, fascinating though that arrange- ment may be for a Moorish mosque. It will be observed that the three Greek orders have been indulged in on the supporting columns. It would seem less confusing to have adhered to either the Corinthian or Ionic order and to have left the other forms alone. ‘Then, too, the winding of scarves about w nn ri 2—Hall Marred by Over-Profusion “August, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES III AND GARDENS 3—A Very Delightful Hall in an American Dwelling House the balustrades of the gallery is a questionable expedient. The hanging of embroideries, tapestries or vestments: from the galleries of vast halls is often resorted to by the best architects and decorators, but this method of decoration should be used with conservatism. But let us rest our eyes and relax the tension of our nerves by a return to the hall in Lancashire. ‘ The poor taste of the rich”’ is not proverbial in America, however, more than is the good taste of the rich proverbial in England, only English Country Life, from which our illus- tration is taken, looks out not to encourage the poor taste by publishing it, for the influence of pictures is so far-reaching as to make or unmake a nation. | | ' Ti ae 4—Avoid Piano Lamps as a Means of Decoration A very delightful hall in an American dwelling house is presented in No. 3, demonstrating the power of a moderate amount of money judiciously employed. ‘There are no harsh contrasts, no scarves, no bric-a-brac, no superfluous ornamen- tation. Compare the lines of the chair in the foregrouna with those of the Empire chair in No. 2. The Empire furni- ture is a very unaccommodating and trying style, which the decorators, for obvious reasons, do not tell you. Even when its lines are good it should be used sparingly and with great care, but when its lines are ugly, as in the chair in No. 2, you had better confine your Napoleonic enthusiasm to his bi- ographies. Every hall in American Renaissance should have a cornice and wainscot after the manner of what we see in of the Most Dignified of its Class in America 6—The Stuffed Owl upon the Mantel-Shelf is Perhaps the Best Feature No. 3. I can not recommend finishing more than the top member of the stair rails in mahogany. The mahogany rail in No. 3 is a bit heavy, but we shall not be hypercritical upon a minor detail when that detail is the only disappointing one. Much less agreeable to look at is the American hallway we have exemplified in No. 4. There are, happily, no scarves, as in No. 2, but there are two befrilled piano lamps and other extremely mediocre intrusion both in furniture and archi- tectural detail. Avoid piano lamps, as you should all house- hold impedimenta. Equally as expensive as No. 1, and quite as carefully thought out, is the Jacobean hall, also belonging to an American estate. (See No. 5.) I believe this hall to be the 8—An Interior in Kent, England, in which Simplicity is Likewise Strenuous Simplicity AMERICAN #Eh@RRE AND GARDENS August, 1905 7—Strenuous Simplicity most beautiful hall of its class in America. At Blickling Hall, in Norfolkshire, there is a very similar gallery, but it is not so successful either in its proportions or detail as this hall in America. A typical average hall of the modern American dwelling is presented in No. 6. The stuffed owl upon the mantel-shelf is, perhaps, its best feature, because the combination gas and electric chandelier looks cheap and tawdry, and were it lighted would burn up any percentage of historic atmosphere there might be in the place. The chimney-piece is a regular hand-me-down, catalogue mantel, no doubt, stained, when the rule is never to stain anything unless it be shingles or timbers on the outside walls of a house. There might be a note of hope in the Governor Bradford armchair, but even this piece of furniture is not loyal to its professed antecedents, for it has not their good lines. The lines have been narrowed and pinched. The legs and arms of the other chair are in better design, but these are spoiled again by the Sixth-avenue-sidewalk back. Then, of course, the center table has neither family nor ancestor. No. 8 represents an in- terior in Kent, in England. I wish to give the reader credit for sufficient knowl- edge of good interior archi- tecture, not to enumerate and point out the particular excellences herein presented. It is the air of simplicity without being strenuous simplicity; for strenuous simplicity, however com- mendable it may be in pub- lic life, is not to be com- mended for the home. The hall shown in No. 7 is a crowning example of stren- uous simplicity. The home- like effect, however, has been sacrificed by a severity that is almost extreme in its artificiality. August, 1905 AC NEES We vAGN © E© Mer S AIN Dia {Gy Age ENS [13 How to Make a Camp in the Woods By A. Russell Bond S THE hot south wind smothers us and the glare of naked stone buildings and treeless asphalt streets blinds us many flee from the immediate discomforts of the busy city to the summer resort, seeking to avoid the odium of one type of civilization by enter- ing the civilization of another type scarcely less wearing on mind and body. But the wise few who heed the forest call steal back to the old forgotten nature homestead, there to coax back some of the strength and vigor that blessed the childhood days of mankind. Curious lodgings some of them find, mere brush lean-tos; primitive tents with saplings for ridge poles, and hemlock boughs for walls, or rough bark shelters in which the ridge pole supports rafters covered with strips of bark. Some campers bring their shelter with them in the shape of a sleeping bag, a light silk tent, or a large canvas-wall tent, but required being a sharp ax, a saw and a hunter’s knife. First the site must be chosen on high ground; if possible, on a knoll where a good view may be had of some of the sur- rounding country. At any rate, the cabin must not be lo- cated near swampy or boggy ground. However, plenty of good, fresh water is absolutely essential, and before finally selecting the location of the cabin one should make sure that there is a spring or a clear stream close at hand. ‘The site chosen, the underbrush should be cleared, and the plan of the cabin should be staked out. A large cabin would require a substantial foundation—a deep trench filled with stones or a row-of poles sunk into the ground; but for the average ground-floor cabin it will be sufficient to sink posts at the corners to prevent settling. If the ground is fairly hard large stones may be used instead. The logs may now be cut. They should, of course, be as straight and as nearly uniform in diameter as possible. To be sure, the logs must A Canvas-Wall Tent among the Big Trees of California this savors too much of civilization, and is an insult to the resources of the forest. The true worshipper of nature will scorn to use any material in his home, whether temporary or permanent, that can not be hewn from the forest itself. Of course, when a man is off on a hunting expedition or a tour of exploration, he must be satisfied with the temporary shacks of brush or bark, hastily erected in the late after- noon, but the ideal abode in the forest is the log cabin. The log cabin is capable of as much variation in form and design as any modern cottage, but since it is the object of the forest lover to get away from all suggestion of town and city life, he will prefer the humble hut of the frontiersman to the twelve-room, two-story-and-attic log dwelling that in the Adirondacks goes by the name of camp. The building of a log cabin is a very simple task. An expert axman will probably construct it in a couple of days, and even a novice could do it in a short time, the only tools project beyond the corners of the cabin, and for this at least one foot should be allowed at each end of the building. It will make the log house more durable, though it would rob it of much of its charm to peel the bark from the logs. This can be readily done in the early summer months, and the bark can be flattened out and used later for roofing purposes. The bare logs are soon weathered to a soft gray tint which is not unpleasing to the eye, and which blends with the coloring of the surrounding forest. The chief objection to leaving the bark on the logs is that it offers a home for all breeds of ants and wood-boring insects. However, if, despite these objections, it is desired to keep the logs in their natural clothing of bark, it will be found preferable to build a cabin in the latter months of the summer, for then the bark will adhere better to the wood. First choose two of the largest logs and lay them at the front and the rear of the cabin. They should be flattened 114 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS along the bottom, so that they will rest squarely on the foundation. Notches should be cut in each log about a foot frome ac h end. Then a pair of logs should be rolled across them for the beginning of the side walls. ‘The side logs should be rolled to such a position that another half turn would drop thse mi, into: -t he notches in the logs below, but before giving them this final half turn they should be notched on the upper side, so that when they drop into position these notches will fit over the notches of the lower logs. After these side logs are in place they are notched at the ends to receive the next pair of front and back logs, and so the work progresses until the walls are car- ried up to their full height. The notches are all cut to a depth of about one-quarter of the diameter of the log, and as the logs are notched on both the upper and the lower sides, it will be evident that there will be no gaps between the logs on the side, except such as are due to irregularity of shape. When building up the walls, it will be found best in practice to lay the logs with their butt ends alternately at opposite corners of the building. It will be very difficult to find logs of a uniform diameter throughout, and by thus alternating the positions of the large ends the walls will rise evenly all around. Some cabins are built with the logs flattened at the ends, but they are not quite as strong as when the logs are notched, because the only thing that prevents the walls from being pushed outward is the friction due to the weight of the timber. There are, besides these, many other ways of joining the logs at the corners, but most of them are rather difficult for an inexperienced man to practise. The method of putting in a doorway or window is apt to trouble the uninitiated. When the walls have been carried up to the height of the desired opening a piece corresponding in length with the width of the opening is August, 1905 sawed out of the top log. This leaves a space large enough for inserting a saw so that the remaining logs can be cut when desired. The sawed log may be tem- porarily stayed by a cleat while the walls are being built on up to their full height. When the top of the wall is reached the next two logs are notched in at a short distance back from the edge of the wall. These are con- nected by cross logs as usual. And then the next pair are laid still further in from the edge, and so on until the final central log is placed in position and serves as the ridge of the roof. Light poles may be laid across these roof beams to serve as rafters. ‘The rafters may be held in place by a light log laid across them at their lower ends, as shown in one of the illustrations. The rafters are covered with pieces of bark, which are made to over- lap each other, like shingles. In one of the cabins illus- trated a rather novel tile effect is produced by using for the rafters logs split in two with the central core removed. These trough-shaped logs are laid in place in a regular tile fashion, so that rain will be shed from the round of one into the troughs of the two at each side. At the ridge the joints are covered by an inverted trough-shaped log. For further protection the logs are covered with bark. When the roof has been laid the openings for the doors and win- dows may be sawed out after first nail- ing a strip of wood to the logs along each side of the pro- posed openings to bind them in place and prevent them from buckling out of line. Whveste strips, however, are only temporary. A permanent binding is provided by nail- ing jambs against the sawed ends of the logs, and the frame of the door A Useful Device in Roof Construction, Showing How the Logs have been Hollowed Out __ is then completed by and Laid in the Manner of a Tile Roof adding a lintel and sill. A rough door may now be constructed of wood slabs or boards bat- tened together. For a hinge two pins may be used nailed Some Bring their Shelter with them in the Form of a Sleeping Bag August, 1905 respectively at the top and bottom of the door at one end, and fitting loosely into holes in the lintel and sill of the door frame. Glass for the windows is some- what ofa luxury. A primitive substitute is oiled paper, which admits plenty of light and also prevents rain from beating in. The chinks between the logs of the cabin can be closed with pieces of wood, rolls of bark or a plastering of mud. A flooring of logs split into slabs will be found an acceptable luxury, though it is not necessary on well drained ground. No log cabin is complete without an open fireplace. A stove is very much out of keeping with a primitive dwelling. Its dead black walls lend no poetry to the surroundings. A large open fireplace should, by all means, be constructed. For this purpose an opening should be cut in the rear of the building and framed in the same way as a door or window. If stones are plentiful, a chimney of rustic masonry can be built up on the outside, using mud or clay for mortar. With such a chimney it will be found best to use only flat stone, because the binding power of the mud is not very strong, and where the fire opening comes in contact with the logs of the cabin a thick lining of clay should be ap- plied. Where stones are not available, the frame of the chimney can be constructed of logs and sticks, notched and built up like the logs of the main building. A lining of clay at least twelve inches thick must cover the wood. The chim- ney should be carried well above the gable of the cabin to insure a good draft in any direction of the wind. The fire- place may be raised a little above the floor of the cabin and framed in with large logs well plastered with clay. For a bunk a pair of logs are laid parallel on the floor, and the space between them filled with hemlock or balsam boughs, or the latter may be supported on stout sticks laid across the logs. But of the making of camp furniture there isno end. Rustic stools, chairs, benches, settees, tables, cup- boards, desks, chests, can all be added as fast as one’s skill and ingenuity permits. In fact, it is the fitting up of the AME RVGANS HOMES AND GARDENS The Use of Boards and Shingles Greatly Simplifies the Work of Construction, But They Are Not Always to Be Obtained cabin out of the limited resources at hand that adds so much to the charm of living in the frontiersman’s abode. The use of bark in a hundred and one different ways, even the build- ing of a camp fire in the open, and the many other tricks of the woodsman, which can be acquired only by actual ex- perience, will be found a most fascinating study—a study that carries one far from the sphere of business cares and anxiety. It was only a short time ago that the free life of the forest was considered a species of savagery, a relic of the brute instinct, betokening an animal origin, but in these days of feverish business activity, when every day emphasizes the need of frequent and thorough rest, it is no longer con- sidered vulgar or barbarous to seek recreation at the old homestead where man at his creation gained strength and vigor. We are indebted to Mr. Henry D. Cochrane for several of the photographs published herewith. Science for the Home Ventilation for the House 8g HE last word on ventilation will probably never be said while there are people to live in houses. And yet, important as ventilation is for the house, it is rather its relation to public buildings, to places of assembly, such as churches, schools, theaters and other places of amusement, to factories and workshops—ain fine, to any place where large numbers of people are crowded to- gether—that is considered, than its direct relationship to the house, or the very important part ventilation must have in the dwelling; in no place is pure air more urgently needed than in the home. The breathing of impure air is precisely identical, so far as its effect is concerned, upon the human body as the drinking of impure water or the eating of impure food. Both air and water are foods, foods of such abundance in supply and so readily obtained that little thought is given to their get- ting. This is especially true of air, which is the single life- sustaining element obtained without cost or labor, and a gen- eral indifference exists as to its origin and a quite profound lack of knowledge as to its contents and qualities. One of the newest of the New York hotels recently in- stalled an elaborate and intricate air-filtering plant, by which every pound of air brought into the building was thoroughly filtered and cleaned before reaching the rooms. It was not a new idea, but it had not before been applied to a building of this sort, and perhaps never before on so large a scale. The results obtained were little short of startling, a very con- siderable quantity of dust, dirt and ashes being obtained each day. In the present state of the ventilating art it is hardly pos- sible that air filters can come into general use as regular articles of household equipment, valuable and servicable-as such a device would be; but the practical demonstration that the air of New York—and in an excellent locality, it should be noted—is so foul as to yield appreciable and even con- siderable amounts of refuse is an object lesson of the utmost importance. 116 AMERICAN’ HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905 Helps to Home Building The Arts and the House VASE of porcelain, a piece of Japanese bronze, a rare silk rug, a cherished writing table that belonged to some remote ancestor, may at first sight seem slight material on which to build up a household interior; yet, as a matter of fact, each one of these things could very well be taken as the starting point on which very beautiful rooms may be arranged. Comfort is, no doubt, the first quality to be considered in a room; but it must also be beautiful, or it will fall far short of being all that it might be and all that it ought to be. As everything within a room helps in the finality of effect, it is apparent that the ornaments and decorative objects have a part to perform that is quite as real, and sometimes quite as important, as the larger articles of furniture without which every room would be unusable. In a popular sense, no doubt, the word ornament implies something that is not use- ful, something we can get along without, something that is not needed, something that is purely unnecessary. In a literal sense, and from the standpoint of the home maker, nothing inside the house is without use, nothing of so slight a value that its presence is simply tolerated with an affected disre- gard of its presence. Ornaments, however, have their use, and a very real use, in the house, and that is to add to the beauty of the interior. It is an unfortunate chance that gives to most new house- holders a very miscellaneous collection of ornaments ac- quired as wedding gifts. Well meant as many of these offer- ings are, they are chosen, in most cases, without the slightest regard to their future location or utilization. ‘Terrible as it is to think of many of these objects, it is much more terrible to have them. But the outlook is by no means so dark as it once was. The standards of good taste have risen markedly in America in the last twenty-five years, and the movement is still upward. The opportunities to purchase ugly orna- ments—as if an ornament could, by its very nature, be ugly! —are no longer so numerous as formerly. Better things are made and more of them. The individual maker, who is often an artist in a quite true sense, has entered the field of commerce, and many beautiful and artistic ornamental ob- jects can now be purchased almost everywhere. It is to be hoped that gaudiness has had its day, although, without a widespread artistic culture that is true culture, it would be rash to prophesy as to what may happen in the world of art. Just now we are passing through an epoch of novelty, in which the cry for something new is very loud and penetrating. It is a painful period, for it introduces, as a measure of art, a standard which is not only not artistic, but which has nothing to do with art—the standard of newness. It is a quite natural consequence that many strange, weird, fearful things are manufactured and sold under the disguise of art, simply because nothing like them was ever seen before. It is a sad commentary on our art culture that several suc- cessful industries have grown up around such a foolish notion. If the young bride starts in with a more artistic group of gifts than her mother began with, it is chiefly more due to the fact that there are better things to buy than because of a wider artistic culture among her acquaintanceship. But even this is something to be thankful for, and were it not that these offerings are selected by many persons, and entirely without regard to their final disposition, a very good be- ginning might be made in household ornamentation. From the householder’s point of view ornaments may be grouped into two classes: those which are given and those which are acquired. With the former he has nothing to do; he is the helpless victim who must take what he gets and make the best use he can of it. The difficulties of the problem are not lessened by the fact that every donor, even of the most impossible gifts, expects his offering to be valued and appreciated, and, if not actually given the place of honor in the home, at least displayed in a conspicuous place, where it can be seen by all. The acquired ornaments belong to quite a different class, and constitute objects purchased by the householder for his own particular delight and joy, and be- cause they fit into some definite scheme of interior decora- tion; are, in short, necessary to the artistic effect of certain rooms. And they are more than that, for they are manifestations of personal taste, and show, in a thoroughly unmistakable way, how far one has progressed in personal art culture. Per- haps this aspect of ornaments is seldom thought of, and per- haps it is of no special value; for the whole home is a work of art—or it should be—and the home that contains ugly furniture and unsatisfactory curtains will not be redeemed by a beautiful vase or an exquisitely turned candlestick, admir- able as each may be. The lesser arts are entering the home more and more each day. The personal note of the individual craftsman—the genuine art worker—is now given to many objects which, not long since, could only be obtained in factory-made form or not at all. But only a beginning has been made. ‘The de- partment store is still with us, and vulgar art flourishes amaz- ingly within it. The prices of individual or exclusive de- signs, as they are sometimes called, is high, for the labor expended in their production is costly and the markets are somewhat restricted. One may rightly hesitate at paying four dollars for a single candlestick, but the man or woman who debates whether the candlestick shall cost twenty-five cents or four dollars is hopelessly lost. Glass, pottery and metal, to name the materials of which ornamental objects are chiefly made, are much more used in the house than formerly. And not only are they more used, but they are used in a better way, with more intelligence and in more artistic forms. It is a good sign of the broadening influence of art that this is so. And it is a good sign that many people now appreciate and treasure such objects that, not long since, scarcely knew them by name. With this increased use comes greater responsibility. It is not sufficient simply to have objects; one must know how to use them and get the best from them. The arrangement of ornamental objects is quite as important as their posses- sion, perhaps more so; for the most beautiful object loses much of its value if it is improperly disposed, or so placed that its fullest value is not given to the room in which it stands. Over-crowding with ornaments is an atrocity that should be avoided at all costs. Too many ornaments is distinctly worse than none at all. No ornaments show want of taste, a failure to realize to the utmost the possibility of room decoration, and an ignorance of the refinements of life. Too many ornaments show lack of proportion and amount to a vulgar overloading of the rooms, which is even more dis- heartening than none at all. Of few things is it truer than that too much of a good thing may be bad. August, 1905 The AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Garden The Garden Month by Month—August eng UGUST is the harvest month of the garden. mM It is the time of realization and complete- ness. The flower garden is now at the cee of maturity. The early plants have bloomed and done with; but the later plants —the plants grown from seed, the rich late tlowerers, the plants one has labored for and most wished to see in bloom—these are now in the perfection of maturity, and the garden is ablaze with color as it never was before, and as, alas! it soon will not be again. It is, therefore, the harvest month, the month when all the flower lovers’ hopes are realized, and the harvest of labor is complete. There is now no creative work to be done; that has long since been finished and completed. One can realize now how far right one was in the planning and arrangement. It will be a serviceable thing to make records of the color scheme, jotting down the bunches of color where they espe- cially predominate and studying the excellence of the present result, or arranging for a bettering the next season. It is good, too, to watch one’s neighbor’s gardens, to note wherein they excel one’s own, to see what rare and curious plants he may have, and how successful he may have been with com- moner and more frequent plants. Nor should one trust to one’s memory in such matters; a little note-book will be useful for this work, and at the end of the season should be richly stored with knowledge and suggestion, much of which should bear good fruit next year. One’s own experiences should also be fully noted, for the best of memories are apt to fail at times, and a written record has a value and utility that mere memory can not give. While the garden has long since been complete, and is now perfected from the flowering standpoint, there is still work to be done. It is a lucky gardener who has no weeds in August, and the person who does not, some warm August morning, discover some gigantic weed in the full pride of blooming where only flowers should appear, is fortunate in- deed. With the utmost care one is continually passing over weeds which have a habit of maturing in most unexpected places. Even in these late days the weeder has his occupa- tion, although his work is slight compared to what it was earlier in the year. Notwithstanding its maturity of bloom the garden must be kept in spick and span order. The lawns must be regularly and frequently mowed, the paths kept scrupulously clean, the plants watched for insect and other ills, the dead flowers plucked off unless deliberately allowed to seed, by which the blooming power of the plant will be greatly decreased. There is always work to do in the garden, and August is no exception to this imperative law. Yet even in these warm days it is necessary to look beyond to the winter plants and even to the planting of next spring. Pansy seed for early spring blooming should now be sown, in rich fine soil. When the young plants have reached a height of two inches they should be transplanted and set six inches apart. All tendencies to flower should be rigidly checked. When the cold weather comes they may be covy- ered with brush and then with pieces of burlap, which will keep them warm while admitting air at the same time. Other winter plants should now be started. The seeds of cineraria, cyclamens, Chinese primroses and similar plants should all be sown and the plants given a good start in pots before they are taken within the house. The School Garden THE growth of the school garden idea is one of the most interesting phases of modern education. Primarily designed to interest children in garden growth, to give them a real, understandable interest in nature, it has long since tran- scended this elemental point of view and become a potent force in the educational scheme. Yet its primitive purpose, to interest children in nature, is still of value, and of very great value, and must necessarily always remain so. The original idea of introducing plant life, with its mar- velous story of growth and beauty, into child life is inherently beautiful. It is an idea as beautiful in the city as in the coun- try. Its novelty in city school life is greater than in the country, yet its value as an object lesson in natural beauty is quite as great and quite as necessary in the country. The country child does not take naturally to flowers or to any form of plant life. He has them constantly with him. His father, in most cases, has no interest in flowers as flowers, or in anything that grows save as a source of revenue. A glance will tell him if a field of wheat is a good field, if a cabbage patch will make a profitable’yield, or if the potatoes are doing well. He can, of course, distinguish all vege- tables at the merest glance, and his knowledge of the rota- tion of crops may be more than superficial. But of the beauty of plant life, of its beauty significance, of the profound lessons of germination and growth, he has no idea whatever. Nor is his wife much better equipped. She will have, perhaps, her little door-yard, but save for a few plants around the house there will be nothing at all. The advocates of the school garden, however, do not stop at introducing interest alone; they do not seek merely to teach how plants and flowers grow—in itself perhaps suf- ficently valuable knowledge—but they go much further than that, and correlate the school garden to other phases of teach- ing, so that, in a sense, it forms the basis of the whole school idea. Thus arithmetic is taught in planning and laying out the garden. The multiplication table. fractions, lessons in finding areas and perimeters, measuring distances and other work of like nature all have their place. Later on certain aspects of bookkeeping are introduced, the children buying seeds and receiving bills for them, paying for them with checks and otherwise conducting the garden affairs on a busi- ness basis. Other phases of teaching are illustrated and developed in the garden work. Facility in the use of language is pro- moted by encouraging and demanding conversations on the work done and things observed. Diaries are kept, and the child trained in writing and in observation. Drawing is helped, and coloring, by the drawing of plant life. Prac- tical lessons in ethics and behavior are developed in the garden work which have a very high value in practicability. One child, for example, will help a sick child; one boy will learn that he must do the joint work necessitated by the de- velopment of a concerted scheme; and in other ways the children learn to understand the relationship which must exist between every member of a single community. The variety of lessons thus taught is most considerable. 118 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905 The Household The Individual Room of the room is the stock-in-trade advice of all professors of the art of household ar- rangement. On its face it is very good advice, and, as far as it goes, quite excellent. CASA But advice is only good when it means some- thing and has definite value. It may be worth while, then, to briefly analyze this suggestion, with a view to ascertaining its real value. Individuality in room arrangement has two aspects, the general and the personal. In a general sense every room should display some personal note. And this personal note should be so marked as to be decisive and characteristic of the whole apartment. It means more than making each room look different or filling each apartment with different articles of furniture; and it is, on the other hand, something quite different from making each room so very distinct that its relationship to the adjoining rooms is simply that of contiguity. One’s own room, we are glibly told, and very often told, should be a reflection of oneself. The suggestion is well worth pondering over. Is human nature, then, so open a book that its innermost recesses may be displayed in the choice of chairs and tables, in the selection of colors, in the tints of the wall coverings and in other articles of household equipment? Do the laboratories of psychology in which so much excellent work is done for the study of mind include such matters in their well ordered courses of investigation? Or is the soul, after all, not to be revealed, nor one’s choicest thoughts? The Buying THE buying of furniture is one of the most difficult things in the equipment of a home, and it is a singular fact that many stores which are loaded with furniture to the roof offer little serious aid in this most important task. The furniture man has, of course, to suit many tastes and meet many re- quirements; his wares are apt to be most various and diverse. They consist, without exception, of goods of two great classes, good furniture and bad furniture. These he displays with so much art that the good is thoroughly mixed with the bad. In his heart of hearts he doubtless knows that the bad furniture is not worthy to sell; but he probably regards a bad chair sold as a piece of good business, and he calmly leaves the selection to his customer. If the buyer can not distin- guish between good furniture and bad it is none of his busi- ness. He is there to sell goods. He very likely would not understand what was meant by the immorality of selling a bad chair or an evil-looking table. The responsibility for the purchase must rest with the customer. And very few customers attack the problem with adequate knowledge or with any knowledge at all. A piece of furniture that in itself may be very beautiful may not have any real value either of use or of beauty in the modern household. ‘The delicate furniture of the various Louis epochs, for example, has little modern value, even though very beautiful in itself. It was designed for a definite environment and for people who lived and dressed in the modes of a former time. It is distinctly not modern, and therefore not well adapted to modern needs. That such furniture is used to-day and abounds in houses of the wealthy This, of course, opens up the weakness of advice of this sort. Should a person of mild, gentle disposition exhibit these delightful characteristics in the choice of colors and in the curves of furniture? Should the furnishings of the room of a pugnacious person bristle with opposition and display bull-dog tenacity in every article? Yet, unless these qualities are made obvious, how is the advice to be followed, and the room made a true index of the personality that dominates it? Some recent room idealists go even further, and claim that it is not too much to arrange a room to suit the complexion of the person whose room it is. Thus the story is told of a white-haired woman who dresses in white and receives in a white drawing-room, a combination that very effectively brings out the rare beauty of her rose-leaf complexion. A soft shade of brown is said to form a most effective back- ground to a head of golden-rose hair. Andso on. Exquisite affairs such rooms must be, and most helpful to the beauty of the woman for whom they are arranged. This would seem to be the last word in advice concerning room arrangement, and perhaps it is; it certainly offers fruit- ful themes for study and experiment. But the value of such suggestions is, after all, not concrete and absolute, but in directing attention to the room and the possibilities of its furnishings. It is a good thing for people to consider their rooms as capable of individual arrangement. It is a good thing to try to make them more beautiful in themselves and better adapted to the person who lives in them. It is good to be told that rooms are capable of giving individual im- pressions, and it is better yet to try to make them do so. of Furniture does not in the least alter the fact of its ill adaptation to modern necessities. It is obvious that the great rule in furniture buying is excellence—excellence of materials, excellence of form, ex- cellence of style, excellence in utility. The word, in fact, sums up, in one way or another, about all the requirements that can be demanded of modern furniture. ‘There are, of course, various degrees of excellence in furniture, for a single piece may be made of good materials, and well made, to boot, and yet be thoroughly ill adapted to modern needs and quite useless as a household convenience. Another helpful rule in furniture buying is not to buy too much. With persons of average means this advice may seem superfluous, for even a moderate amount of new fur- niture costs a considerable sum. But the happy housewife, intent on making her home attractive, is very apt to buy more than she needs, and ‘to buy pieces which may be quite un- necessary. It is always well to leave something to a future time. The table or chair that seems so charming to-day may not be found to have any real utility to-morrow. It is not the change in fashions that should be awaited, for such a method would only result in confusion and unseemly mix- ture; it is rather to avoid: filling one’s rooms and burdening oneself with more than one actually needs. Furniture has a utilitarian value that can not be ignored. It must not only be excellent, but it must be useful. It is use which determines its purpose perhaps more than any one other single cause. Chairs must be comfortable; tables must be suited to their uses; beds must be of sufficient length. August, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS i19 Civic Betterment Ways to Help : JHE individual can do much; the organiza- tion can do more. It is obvious why this is so. Civic betterment, to be good and to accomplish good, must be conducted on a large scale. It is not the single house and garden that gives evidence of public spirit within that is to be commended, nor even the single block or street; wholesome progress is wholesale progress, it is prog- ress on a large scale, evident in many places and in many ways, and giving definite character to a whole community. The individual can not accomplish this general good, nor should he seek to do so. Individual etfort is limited, in most cases, to the confines of one’s own property. Outside of that united effort is needed, and the organization comes into use as the most effective means of reaching results. This organization may have several forms. It may be purely local in its scope, and confined to the residents of one neighborhood, intent only upon the betterment of their own locality. It may be more general, and consist of citizens of a district or ward. It may be a section of a general club. It may take the form of a general body, seeking members from every source, and undertaking a certain amount of general work. It may be an organization maintained for a specific purpose, or it may look to broader results, leaving definite betterment in definite ends to other organization. Now, the striking feature of any organization is that the body as a whole is stronger than the individual. The organ- ization invariably carries more weight than the person. This is due partly to the fact that an organization of indefinite The Organization duration can keep battling at a question longer than an indi- vidual; and partly because the connections and ramifications of an organization are so indefinite that the organization has a prestige which the individual can not possibly have. Hence the popularity of the organization as a means for accomplishing civic betterment. It is not only a popular way, but an effective way. It works continuously, for when the individual’s interest flags a new worker is likely to be at hand to carry on the struggle further. Moreover, organiza- tions have, in themselves, a prestige and a power that is often very great, and which helps amazingly toward the de- sired end. Membership in an organization is, therefore, a very ad- mirable way to help on the cause of civic betterment. Mere association, however, will not accomplish the best results. Active work and leadership is needed from every source, and the work to be done is, in a general sense, so large and complicated that there is always something for every one to do, some special interest for every one to become identified with. This, of course, means more than the mere payment of dues, beneficial as such a ceremony necessarily is. It means the sinking of individuality, that the community may be bet- tered. It means, or it should mean, the undertaking of tasks that have reasonable likelihood of accomplishment. It means work for the few and work for the many. It means labor without recompense and for the benefit of others. It is noble, unselfish work when unselfishly undertaken and applied. It means doing something for one’s own city and town, and that is a good and useful exercise of the rights of citizenship. The Architect and Civic Betterment Ir is a strange commentary on the work of the architect that much of the effort directed toward civic betterment is to cover up and improve his misdeeds. The business of the architect is to build, and he must build well and in a beautiful manner, or he falls far short of fulfilling the purposes of his calling. Yet almost the first step toward civic betterment is to cover up, as best it can be covered, the shortcomings and the bad deeds of the architect. Let us, is the cry, plant trees, that unsightly buildings be hid. Let us cover our buildings with vines, that unsightly spots be blotted out. Let us, in short, hide our buildings, that our cities be more beautiful. The architect is at once the greatest offender against pub- lic taste and the leader in civic beauty. Of all art laborers his work alone has a quality of permanence. A statue of stone may be readily broken, or one of bronze melted down; the painter and wall decorator need a building for the dis- play of their art, and the worker in the lesser arts needs a structure in which they can be contained. But the architect is sure of a certain permanency. It is true that in the rapid march of events this permanency may be relative only; it may not even survive the statue or the wall decoration with which the building is adorned; but his labor, if not secure, is concerned with permanent materials and is intended to be permanent. The architect, therefore, is our chief permanent art worker. Does he fulfill the sacred trust this implies? Does he always construct buildings that are good and beautiful, and which have an art quality as well as that of permanence? The questions need only be asked to be answered in the nega- tive. The architects are doing better work than a few years ago. The artistic standard of building is raising. [he artistic value of structures is being more and more appreci- ated as better examples are being produced. But the sum total of all this effort falls far short of the effort put forth in the golden days of architecture, when building was truly an art, practised by artists for art’s sake as well as for utili- tarian purposes. This, however, does not diminish the architect’s impor- tance in the work of civic betterment. That he has done bet- ter things in other times is but an incentive to better work in the future. And never was his work more clearly marked out for him than to-day, when his business very obviously is to build good and beautifully. No one other single factor is sO important in the art of civic betterment. No other laborer has so great opportunities nor so many. Each building he does should be a distinct contribution to the gen- eral good. The architect has no need to be told he should lead in this matter; the leadership is his by right. And this is not be- cause he may know better than others what to do and how to do it, but because the opportunity of doing something definite is his by reason of his profession. The campaign for civic betterment has advanced to such a point that the author of a badly designed building at once proclaims his incom- petence, while the creator of a good building is a public benefactor. The architect has many noble opportunities, and he has no better work to do than to meet them nobly. His is a responsibility that can not possibly be avoided. ® 120 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905 The Observer's Note-Book Foreword HE personal affairs of the Observer are of interest only to himself. There are times he wishes they were not so pressing and annoy- ing, a trait, he is persuaded, of quite general occurrence in the human race. One must, indeed, consider oneself if one would live, and it is impressively true that, if one does not consider one- self no one else is apt to. The only persons in the world ab- solutely certain of being cared for are criminals. There are, of course, homes and retreats for the aged, for the sick poor, for the mentally deficient, for certain groups of indigents; but there are always more of these people than can be accom- modated in the retreats provided by private and public char- ity, and lodgment in them is often difficult. ‘The criminal, however, is finely provided for, once he is caught, convicted of crime, and placed behind the bars. The State may not love him, it may not even wish to be burdened with him, but it cares for him like a long lost brother, even if it subjects him to the indignity of manual labor, and feeds him on coarse food. The criminal, thus, has no cares; his food and lodg- ing are provided. He has only to wait, and wait, and wait. The Observer has no wish to paint the criminal’s lot as happier than his own; he doesn’t believe, for a moment, that there is any joy in such an existence. But the criminal does not have to concern himself with food, clothing and housing, and thus escapes some of the weightiest cares that character- ize human existence. And herein the Observer’s lot differs widely from the criminal, for all these living questions vitally affect him. Just now his special battle with existence is to read, digest and summarize the accumulations of a month’s time on his library table. Piled high with books and papers of all sorts, he wonders if the polished top will ever again be visible. His task, to be plain, is to cull from this material, which grows so rapidly and so quietly that it seems to be self-perpetuating, such matters of interest as will be pertinent to the scope of this magazine, and of interest and value to its readers. His table is large and the accumulations upon it are deep and wide-spreading. At the beginning it almost seems as if the entire range of human knowledge will be cov- ered. ‘This may, indeed, prove so in the end—but now to the beginning. Suburban Development MAny years ago the Observer located himself in a remote suburb of the metropolis. It was an ancient corner that progress had not touched, and which had so long passed out of existence as to have been all but forgotten. His nearest neighbor grew cabbages by the thousand each year; great fields stretched out on all sides of him; the pungent odors of the fertilizer saturated the air in the early spring; the tinkle of the seed planters smote it in due season; the nightly de- parture of the market wagons was the most exciting event. There were, of course, frogs in the distant ponds, mosquitoes close at hand, flies to bother one at all times; but these were mere details, quite insignificant beside the eternal quiet of the place and its remoteness from the roar of Broadway. There was joy in this remoteness because it seemed assured. But the hand of progress has reached out, and now, in place of corn fields and potato patches, the speculative builder has seized upon the land, and row upon row of small houses, deftly arranged for the accommodation of two families, has usurped the farm lands, and “ development” and “ pro- gress” are in full swing. The Observer is still able to look from his windows upon the smiling country, but now he need go but a short space upon the earth to find himself in a built- up section, choked with building houses, awaiting only a noisy and assertive populace to entirely destroy his quiet. Of course he is prejudiced, and fails to understand the value of these improvements. And yet, quite apart from his personal bias, he thinks there is reason for his feelings in this matter. Here was a vast, open tract of country, so remote from the business parts of the metropolis that a journey to it filled a considerable part of the day, morning and evening. Surely here, if anywhere, there was need of a real suburban development, with houses spaced in lawn and garden, with streets shaded with graceful tyees, with all the beauty and all the delight of real suburban living. The vacant fields may have been a waste, the farms may have been unprofitable, but surely there was no need to trans- form them instantly into rows and rows of mimic flats, giy- ing the people who came here no more air and freedom than on the great East Side, save for the wider streets and the absence of the trucks. Yet such are the ways of men that no space that could, by any possibility, have been built upon is being left without a building. Solid row after solid row, with the horrible cor- ner store, line streets where, but a few years since, were yearly crops of potatoes and corn. No doubt, from the real estate standpoint, perhaps from the owner’s standpoint, cer- tainly from the standpoint of the speculative builder who hopes to persuade a number of persons to buy their own “home ”’ in this cruelly treated region, there has been “‘ im- provement ’’; but it has not been improvement that is real, that helps to better living, that makes a better city, that tends to uplift and help. And how strange those fields are now! For the last time the plow was brought into use. Without ceremony, indeed, such as might properly have accompanied this solemn rite, but with bawling and profanity, and with no thought at all of the significance of the work. The ground broken, then come the wagons and trucks to remove the soil. If perchance a bed of sand is found, the fortunate owner scoops out his land, places it on an adjoining space, piles it mountain high, and smacks his lips over the wealth he has extracted from an ungrateful ground. Just as little of the ground will be scraped out for the houses as possible, for prices must be kept down, and there is no money to use in digging deep, in laying strong founda- tions, in preparing good cellars. ‘Then begins the building; the foundations of stone or of brick. Up go the walls. All sorts of workmen appear. There will be union men and non-union; you can distinguish them by the time they begin work in the morning, the union laborers righteously refusing to begin until the hour set by their rules, the others, ap- parently, willing to begin at any time. There will be blacks August, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS and whites; there will be Jews and Italians; there may be other races and other nationali- ties; Im any event a great variety, a veritable modern Eabel, with only the lack of the towering heights to indicate the difference be- tween our day and that of long ago. Very amusing some of these folk are. Did you ever see a Jewish plasterer, decked with a bushy black beard, emerge from a plaster tank? The sight is well worth going to see. The bearded workmen are, perhaps, the most en- tertaining, because so obviously out of place; yet The Observer knows not why nor where- for. There is an entertaining story in a recent magazine of a gentleman with flame-colored whiskers who has been annexed by a barbaric tribe of North Africans and retained as a source of joy to the populace. No one need, of course, have such appendages; and if they give others pleasure the happy owner should not object. The Observer does not suppose that any of the bearded laborers he wots of regard themselves as properly objects of mirth, but they strike a much-needed comic note in all this serious uproar of activity. Nothing whatever is permitted to interfere with the carrying out of these operations unless it be the rain. On rainy days a gentle peace and quiet descends upon the land, only to be broken the moment the weather clears. Cold and frost do not stop the work, although the building law has somewhat to say on this topic. And old brick is used by the house whole. Here again the building law comes in; but some special guardian appears to stand watch over these doings, and once the row is up it is swiftly painted on the outside, that the material of the outer walls may be hidden. So the work of “improvement ”’ and “ de- velopment ” goes merrily on. The real estate men gleefully tabulate the number of houses built each day, and stand ready to sell you a “home ” if, perchance, you should be detained in front of one so much as a moment. Of course these people never want to retain this valuable property. They are “ home makers,” philanthropically intent on providing homes for the multitudes. It is a merry jest. It is a strange “developing” these once green fields are being subjected to; it is a transformation, complete, real, definite, certain. But very clearly it is no betterment; and very certainly, indeed, it is no way to make a good great city good and beautiful. Don’t say “Taylor Old Sine: gO. cqual, because sialon Old Stile. has ne equal. There is only one thing as good as a “Taylor Old Style’’ roof, and that 1s another “Taylor Old Style’”’ roof. N. & G. TAYLOR COMPANY ESTABLISHED 1810 Philadelphia PEARSON COATED NAILS have a holding power more than twice as great as any other kind. They resist the weather longer than ordinary wire nails and have other advantageous features. The coated flooring nails—under the trade name of “ Leaders ”— are a radical departure from the rut, and excel in every detail. They save 309% in labor and are sold at attractive prices. as eS: PEARSON SO: BOSTON eRe RAILWAY EXCHANGE BLDG. T20 e212 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905 It’s FREE Read FREE Polishing Mitt Offer below Just printed—new all the way through Advanced ideas for finishing wood You ought to have this book. It contains hundreds of money-saving suggestions Are you satisfied with the appearance of your floors, furniture and woodwork ? Like to know the secret of putting and keeping them in perfect con- dition—with little effort and money ? If so, write for this book, “‘ The Proper Treatment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture.’’ It tells all about finishing, refinishing, cleaning and polishing wood. It explains how pine can be finished almost as beautifully as hardwood. ‘Tells how to produce the latest finishes in oak, ash, birch, maple and pine. This book is sent free by the manufacturers of Johnson’s Prepared Wax. All you need to keep your floors, furniture and woodwork in perfect condition is a can of Johnson’s Prepared Wax “A Complete Finish and Polish for all Wood’? AND JOHNSON’S POLISHING MITT Free Polishing Mitt Offer Mail us label from al or 2 Ib. can of Johnson’s Prepared Wax and we will send you, prepaid, one John- son’s Polishing Mitt FREE. ‘This mitt is made of sheepskin with } the wool on; is open across the back; and is slipped on the hand. To remove label, place can in steam or water. ; Johnson’s Prepared Wax produces a lasting and artistic finish to which dirt and dust will not adhere. It does not crack or peel off. Heel marks and scratches will not show. TRY IT. Johnson's Prepared Wax< is sold by all dealers in paint—14-Ib. can, 30 cents; 1 and 2 Ib cans, 60 cents per pound; 4, 5 and 8 Ib. cans, 50 cents per pound. If your dealer will not supply you, send direct to us Remember, above book is free, Write for it at once and mention edition AH 8 S.C. JOHNSON @ SON, Racine, Wis. “© The Wood-Finishing Authorities”? ,, ROB PAINTER TO PAY CARPENTER HIS law is absolute: What we save on painters’ bills we pay to the carpenter at interest thrice compounded. If we neglect our plumbing we shall need the doctor; if we neglect painting we shall need the carpenter. on paint is to select that paint which will longest protect the building; and that, without exception, is a high-grade paint composed largely of OXIDE OF ZINC. The only way to save money THE NEW JERSEY ZINC CO. 71 BROADWAY, NEW YORK INTERESTING PAMPHLETS—‘ Paint: Why, How and When,” “Paints in Architecture,” “Specifications for Architects,” “The Paint Question,” “‘French Government Decrees »—FREE A list of manufacturers of high-grade zinc paints sent on application We do not grind zinc in oil. THE ARCHITECT AND HIS CHARGES a ike is a singular prejudice among many people against employing an architect in the designing and execution of one’s own house. It is a prejudice that is widespread, because it will be found in many widely separated localities, and it is singular because no one seems able to give a reason for it, or to make clear why it exists and should be recognized. For recognition of the preju- dice means that the work shall be proceeded with without the services of an architect. Hence there are quite a few houses, and some other larger buildings, built without the aid of an architect and proudly exhibited by their happy builders and owners as marvels of economy and true triumphs in_ native unadorned art. And unadorned art they are likely to be, although their purity may be questioned. It may be well to look into this question somewhat closely, because there is a prejudice against architects in minds otherwise well balanced. It assumes, at times, aspects of mania, as unrea- sonable as that which our ancestors maintained against helpless old women whom they desig- nated as witches. It is possible the feeling against architects may pass away in time, ex- actly as the feeling against witches has wholly disappeared; meanwhile, however, a number of buildings thoroughly devoid of interest will have been erected, and a number of very well meaning gentlemen been given an unmerited stigma of contempt. The business of the architect is to have charge of the process of building. He is in business for this reason alone, and it is for this that he puts in a charge for his services. But the most genial of architects is not a philanthropist in business for his health, help- ing people to build houses out of the pure goodness of his heart, contributing his quota to the public welfare by the beauty of his art, or promoting human life by the stability of his structures. All of these things, no doubt, the architect hopes to accomplish in due season, and perhaps will do so; but, in most cases, he must have some means of support; he must draw upon his time and his talents for his live- lihood; he must do something for bread and butter. Accordingly he charges for his serv- ices on a scale that has the support of his pro- fessional brethren. Is this unreasonable or improper? Does it differ in any way from the methods followed by any business men engaged in any occupa- tion? One has but to scan the advertising columns of any daily paper, or runs through the advertising pages of any magazine, to learn that this is precisely what every man of busi- ness does, and that it is the same procedure every purchaser meets with in any purchase. There is no reason at all why the architect should do his work for nothing. It is a simple business proposition that he should be paid for what he does. One might go further than this and main- tain, with equal propriety, that not only should he be paid for what he does, but that he should be well paid for it. If it is a business proposi- tion that a laborer is worthy of his hire, it is equally true—or should be—that good work can not be had save at good prices. ‘This latter proposition is a very ordinary and familiar one. Good work fetches good prices, whether the article purchased be a piece of furniture, a whole house, a rare work of art, or services of a personal nature which are not measured directly in articles made or produced. If a man commands a large salary in the com- mercial world of to-day, it is not because the visible products of his hands and arms are valuable and costly, but because his services as August, 1905 He General Office: 93 West Lake Street. AMEE RAGAN tO M E'S F-6521. ENAMELED IRON “CORONA” TUB, WITH BASE. L. Wolff Manufacturing Comp | PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY CHICAGO. Show Rooms: 91 Dearborn Street. AND GARDENS 123 Get the heating outfit now !— before Winter Now, before Winter—not then, when it’s here —is the time to put in steam or water warming, when makers and fitters are not rushed as in the Fall. Be ready to make your own weather in your own home, store, church, school or hotel —in country or city — at the turn of a valve. NMERICAN [DEAL automatically follow the weather up and down—all rooms, nooks and hallways are uniformly, health- fully warmed, Anyone can take care of an IDEAL Boiler. ‘The fire keeps all night—the house is cozily warm in the morning. Any fuel may-be used, even to cheapest soft coal screenings. The fuel and labor savings pay for the outfit, which outlasts the building it heats. The freedom from ashes in the living rooms saves much housework. You will need our catalogues to select from — sent free, on request, stating size and kind of building you wish to heat, AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY Dept. 6- CHICAGO SOSS SSeS Bound Volumes of the Scientific American Building Monthly Volume IX., January to June, 1890, price $2, has twelve colored plates, fifty-six illustrations of houses with their plans, and fifteen pages of details drawn to scale. The houses vary in price from $1,200 to $7,000. Volume X., July to December, 1890, price $2, has twelve colored plates beautifully executed, fifty half-tone engravings of houses in both city and country, and there are fourteen plates of details. Several small churches are also illustrated. The houses vary in price from $900 to $5,000 and over. Volume XI., January to June, 1891, price $2. The volume contains twelve colored plates of great merit. ‘[here are sixty elevations of houses; churches, stables, carriage houses, accompanied by several plans. One house in this number cost only 2695.00; the other houses range in price up to $10,000. Volume XIIL., January to June, 1892, price $2. As in the case with the other volumes, there are twelve colored plates; sixty-two houses varying in price from $2,800 to $25,000, and a number of chapels and churches, and also one schoolhouse. This is a particularly interesting volume. Volume XIV., July to December, 1892, price $2. The twelve colored plates of this issue are very attractive. There are fifty-seven elevations of houses, churches, and stables, each accompanied by a plan giving the sizes of the rooms. Some city residences are illustrated. One of the houses illustrated cost $1,000 and one $1,650, and the other houses vary in price. Volume XV., January to June, 1893, price $2. Twelve colored plates form an interesting feature of this volume. There are fifty illustrations and plans of bouses, churches, stables, etc. The houses are of all prices, ranging from those which are comparatively inexpensive to elaborate residences costing several thousand dollars. Volume XVL., July to December, 1893, price $2. There are fifty-two engravings of houses, churches, etc.. and each is accompanied by a plan. Some of the houses in this volume are as low in price as $600. The thousand dollar workingman’s home at the World’s Fair is also included in this volume. Annual Bound Volumes, $3.50 Each, Postpaid. XI, and XIV. We can supply the following volumes : 1893 contains Volumes XV. and XVI. 1897 contains Volumes XXIII. and XXIV. Volume XVII., January to June, 1894, price $2. In addition to the twelve colored plates, there are sixty views of attractive houses from $2,000 up. Volume XIX., January to June, 1895, price $2. It has the six highly artistic covers bound in. ‘There are sixty-six engravings of houses of all prices, from $2,000 up. One of the most attractive volumes in the series, Two churches are also included in the volume. Volume XX., July to December, 189§ price $2. It contains six colored covers, seventy photographic illustrations of exceedingly fine houses, a couple of churches, stable and a windmill. Volume XXI., January to June, inclusive, 1896, price $2. There ure six colored covers, ninety-two engravings made from photographs of houses taken specially forthe purpose. The illustrations include churches, libraries and other buildings. Volume XXII., July to December, 1896, price $2. It includes six artistic covers showing the actual appearance of the houses as regards color. There are also one hundred and one exterior and interior views of modern houses, from $1,950 up. City houses, churches, mausoleums, etc., are also included. Volume XXIII, January to June, 1897, price $2. In addition to the six colored plates there are one hundred and seven interior and exterior views of the latest types of houses by prominent architects. The miscel- laneous matter includes a village hall, several libraries, a gate lodge, schools, hospital, etc. Volume XXIV., July to December, 1897, price $2. It includes six attractive colored plates. There are one handred and four photographic illustrations of houses, including many interiors. A considerable number of public buildings are also illustrated. Volume XXVI., July to December, 1898, price $2. Nearly a hundred large scale illustrations of the exteriors and interiors of modern houses will be found in this volume. There are also clubhouses, gate lodges, etc. There are many examples of foreign architecture scattered through the book, and sculpture is not neglected. 1890 contains Volumes IX. and X. 1895 contains Volumes XIX. and XX. Volume XXX., July to December, 1900, price $2. The colored plates are particularly fine, and the half-tone illustrations of houses and interiors are very artistic. The literary contents and the drawings of details add to the value of this volume. Volume XXXII., July to December, 1901, price $2. Six covers in tint and more than two hundred illustrations of houses, interiors, details, gar- dens. etc. The editorial discussions, notes, comments, departments, and ““ Talks with Architects’? cover a wide range of topics and make this volume of permanent interest and value. Volume XXXIII., January to June, 1902, price $2. Six covers in tint and more than two hundred illustrations with plans form the illustrative features of this volume. Six well-known architects contribute timely ‘* Talks”? on important architectural problems of the day. The editorial and literary departments are up to the highest standard of usefulness and interest. Volume XXXVIL., July to December, 1903, price $2. Six tinted covers and two hundred and seventy-two illustrations, many of unusual size. Special attention has been given in this volume to large American estates. ‘The variety of contents continues to make the BUILDING MONTHLY the most valuable periodical of its kind. Volume XXXVII., January to June, 1904, price $2. Six tinted covers and three hundred and eleven illustrations, the most richly illustrated volume of the series. Many notable houses are illustrated and described, and every effort has been made to make this volume of special value to every one interested in the building of the home and its adornment. Volume XXXVIII., July to December, 1904, price $2. Six tinted covers, two hundred and seventy-two illustrations made from original photographs taken especially for the BUILDING MONTHLY. Volume XXXIX., January to June, 1905, price $2. Six covers in tint and three hundred and eight illustrations. A rich conspectus of interesting notable houses. Many fine estates are treated with ample fulness. The discussions of current architectural themes are of permanent value and of unusual interest. We also have architectural books for sale. we mail free to any address, Send for a catalogue, which 1891 contains Volumes XI. and XII. 1892 contains Volumes 1896 contains Volumes XXI. and XXII. 1904 contains Volumes XXXVII. and XXXVIII MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS . .. .. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY 124 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905 Chicago Embossed bi Co. Henbosee Columns, an ain : Mouldings ; Interior Caps Balustersand | yyy 5555550095 Ul TIT eee a eae Stair Work = ——— Carvings 591 & S597 AUSTIN AVE., CHICAGO, ILL. SEND FOR OUR NEW 1905 CATALOGUE NEW AND IMPROVED PATENTS AND DESIGNS OPENS AND CLOSES THE BLINDS WITHOUT RAISING THE WINDOW AUTOMATICALLY LOCKS THE BLINDS IN ANY POSITION DESIRED Made of grey and malleable iron. The best and most durable blind hinge. Incomparable for strength, durability and power. Can be applied to old or new houses of brick, stone or frame. SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CIRCULAR. If your hardware dealer does not Eece hemes send direct to : Mallory Manteacturine Co. FLEMINGTON, N. J. —| ATTENTION TO DETAILS INSURES YOU Comfort in Your New Home For a small additional expense to the cost of ordinary hinges you can have your doors hung with Stanley’s Ball-Bearing Steel Butts °° 8p sin ever wear down Send for artistic monograph on the subject NEW BRITAIN, CONN. = The STANLEY WORKS, Dept. K,, 39 cHAMBERS ST., NEW YORK : “GRAPHITE” SPECIAL ILLUSTRATED NUMBER CONTAINING SEASONABLE TALKS ON GOOD PAINT AND GOOD PAINTING. | Copies free up ____Gopies free up request. i Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J. Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J. rer e oA RANE ENV, WA TIN VE ESTABLISHED 16s ay ard 3) ; gy | i mm ae {ht JUST OUT Modern Gas-Engines == AND == Producer-Gas Plants By R. E. MATHOT, M.E. 300 Pages Bound in Cloth 175 Illustrations Price, $2.50, postpaid A PRACTICAL GUIDE for the GAS-ENGINE DESIGNER and USER A book that tells how to construct, select, buy, install, operate and maintain a gas-engine. No cumbrous mathematics; just plain words and clear drawings. The only book that thoroughly discusses producer-gas, the coming fuel for gas-engines. Every important pressure and suction producer is described and illustrated. Practical suggestions are given to aid in the designing and ustalling of producer-gas plants. Write for Descriptive Circular and Table of Gandene to MUNN & COMPANY, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK services are worth exactly what is paid him— and more. It is never less; for the man who is worth less than he is receiving, either in the form of regular salary or in payment for a specific work, will not continue to receive an advanced honorarium after his lessening re- sources have been made clear. But the point, however, is not worth argu- ing. It will be admitted on all hands that if an architect is employed he must be paid; and it will doubtless be admitted also that if paid he should be paid on the general scale of remuneration that prevails in his profession. Whether reasonable or unreasonable, this scale has the surpassing merit of being known ia advance, and its total amount can readily be calculated. This happy process does rot belong to every profession. One may indeed be aware how much one’s physician will charge for a con- sultation in his own office ; one may know what he will charge for a visit to one’s own home; but one never knows what one’s lawyer will charge, and one is invariably and fortunately ignorant of the charge that will be put in by one’s own personal undertaker. ‘The latter very necessary and useful person may be omitted from the discussion; but the charges of a lawyer are often of a nature to produce excruciating pain; they may cause unpleasant language; they will leave unpleasant memories ; they may be matters of permanent regret; but also, if you please, so thoroughly professional as to be thoroughly legal and proper and quite beyond dispute. In the matter of charges the architect shines with the brilliancy of a noonday sun com- pared with the monetary operations of the lawyer. No one ever knows—or rarely knows —what the lawyer is going to charge until the work has been done and the bill rendered, when it must be paid or payment will be en- forced, and by a process that costs the lawyer very little and which will simply add to what the client must pay in the end. The architect charges a percentage on the amount spent. The money to be spent is known; the rate of the percentage is also known; the financial result may be obtained by one of the simplest of mathematical calculations. But, it will no doubt be exclaimed, there are architects’ bills which have included matters in dispute, and about which the largest pos- sible rows have been raised. This is doubtless true, but the fault in many of these cases, per- haps in the most of them, lies with the client and not with the architect. The architect agrees to do such and such work for so much money. The client, perhaps unconsciously, perhaps because he can not help himself, per- haps because his own wishes and inclinations broaden and increase as the work goes on, de- mands more of his architect than the latter was bound to contribute for the set percentage. The extra work has involved extra cost in materials; the architect thus expects extra compensation. Could anything be clearer or more reasonable? Yet many a serious break between architect and client has occurred on this very point, to the great rending of mutual self-respect, and the creation of other differ- ences of which neither of the high contracting parties have much to say. The percentages charged by architects are determined by the chief professional body in the country in which the architect lives and works. In the United States this is the American Institute of Architects; in England it is the Royal Institute of British Architects ; in every other country in which there is con- siderable architectural activity there is like- wise a general central body which is recognized as the head of the architectural organizations, and which determines rates and charges for its own citizens. The usage that pertains to August, 1905 AMER VEAN SO VMES A NDP IGA DENS 125 Making Concre Experie THE PREMIER MACHINE has no extra parts to get out of order. Repair expense is nothing. THE PREMIER MACHINE maks a Each bed plate is double faced: thus builder more independent and enables < = two styles of blocks may be made him to often manufacture his build- > without changing plates. ing stone right where they are cg = This is a special feature of to be used. ( A ® fal the Premier Machine. . é The completed block is so released as to permit the operator to make another block at once. 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GUNTHER Manufacturer of the highest grade of i“ 9) in all Domestic and ART GRILLE WORK ” *,2!!Domestic an CARVING IN FIGURES A SPECIALTY Send for Designs and Price List 752 WEST LAKE STREET, He CHICAGO, ILL. applied and =(il P= Tl operated. ———— oO | Affording Sure irl | \\ Protection against | — Intruders. = Children keptin. Burglars kept out. Write for Descrip- tive Circular. Tue H. B. IVES CO, " New Haven, Conn., U.S.A. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDERS PORTABLE BUILDINGS have a peculiar value because there is no real estate attached to them. ‘They can be sold and transferred elsewhere with the greatest of ease. We manufacture all kinds of portable buildings, such as Automobile Houses Camping Houses, Complete Cottages, Temporary Offices, etc., with furniture and equipment for all; Poultry Houses, fitted up with nests, roosts, etc. ; Workshops, with all necessary tools and implements. Complete Cottage 12x24, can be carried on double team truck, or building 12x12 on a single spring wagon. Price, $90 for this 10x12 Automobile House; with lor Only the supports, with the right to construct sections, need be purchased from us, and latter may be built where fence is to be used, saving cost of transportation. Price for -supports, including count in ten pair lots; 10 per cent. discount in 25 pair Write for free illustrated descriptive catalogue. The Lathrop Manufacturing Company included, $100; made in metal! or wood. The Lathrop Portable Fence stands against wind storms without posts. Strong, durable, practical. With this fence one can change the size and shape of yards, gardens or inclosures at pleasure, allowing repairs, plowing and renovating to be easily done. $1.00 per pair; 5 per cent. dis- Rochester, New York, U. S. A. TO FFEE If its MACKINTOSH’S TOFFEE, it is the delicious old English candy that is faking America by storm. If it isn’t Mackintosh’s, you don’t want it unless you want an imitation MACKINTOSH’S TOFFEE THE ORIGINAL OLD ENGLISH CANDY sold in ten-cent cartons, my name and face on every package. No, not a chewing candy. You break off a small bit and Jet it dissolve in the mouth. If your dealer smiles and says he hasn’t got Mackintosh’s, but has an imitation, if you’re genuine you will, of course, try another dealer. I am always ready to send my Toffee by mail. Send ten cents for the first size package or $1.60 for a large four-pound family tin, but try your dealer first. JOHN MACKINTOSH, Dept. 198, 78 Hudson St., New York August, 1905 America is sufficient for the present discussion. The American Institute of Architects has adopted a “ Schedule of minimum charges and professional practice of architects, as usual and proper.” It will be worth while to quote this document as illustrating the professional view of the case as understood in America. AMERICAN SCHEDULE OF MINIMUM CHARGES For full professional services (including supervision) five per cent. upon the cost of the work. In case of the abandonment or suspension of the work, the charge for partial service is as follows: Preliminary studies, as per table at the foot of schedule; preliminary studies, gen- eral drawings and specifications, 2% per cent. ; preliminary studies, general drawings, specifi- cations and details, 3'% per cent. For works that cost less than $10,000, or for monumental and decorative work, and de- signs for furniture, a special rate in excess of the above. For alterations and additions, an additional charge to be made, and also an additional charge to be made for surveys and measure- ments incident thereto. An additional charge to be made for altera- tions and additions in contracts and plazs, which will be valued in proportion to the additional time and services employed. Necessary traveling expenses to be paid by the client. Time spent by the architect in visiting for professional consultation, and in the accom- panying travel, whether by day or night, will be charged for, whether or not any commission, either for office work or supervising work, is given. The architect’s payments are successively due as his work is completed, in the order of the above classifications. Until an actual estimate is received, the charges are based on the proposed cost of the works, and the payments are received as install- ments of the entire fee, which is based upon the actual cost. The architect bases his professional charge upon the entire cost, to the owner of the building, when completed, including all the fixtures necessary to render it fit for occupa- tion, and is entitled to extra compensation for furniture or other articles designed or pur- chased by the architect. If any material or work used in the con- struction of the building be already upon the ground, or come into the possession of the owner without expense to him, the value of said material or work is to be added to the sum actually expended upon the building be- fore the architect’s commission is computed. The supervision or superintendence of an architect (as distinguished from the continuous personal superintendence which may be secured by the employment of a clerk of the) works) means such inspection by the architect;~or his deputy, of a building or other work in process of erection, completion or alteration as he finds necessary to ascertain whether it is being executed in conformity with his desiens and specifications or directions, and to enable him to decide when the successive installments or payments provided for in the contract or agree- ment are due or payable. He is to determine in constructive emergencies, to order necessary changes, and to define the true intent and meaning of the drawings and_ specifications, and he has authority to stop the progress of the work and order its removal when not in accordance with them. On buildings where it is deemed necessary to employ a clerk of the works, the remunera- tion of said clerk is to be paid by the owner or owners, in addition to any commission or fees due the architect. The selection or dis- August, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS missal of the clerk of the works is to be subject to the approval of the architect. Consultation fees for professional advice are to be paid in proportion to the importance of the questions involved, at the discretion of the architect. None of the charges above enumerated cover professional or legal services connected with negotiations for site, disputed party walls, right of light, measurement of work, or sery- ices incidental to arrangements consequent upon the failure of contractors during the per- formance of the work. When such services become necessary, they shall be charged for according to the time and trouble involved. Drawings and specifications, as instruments of service, are the property of the architect. The table of charges for preliminary studies, referred to in the second paragraph from the beginning, specifies that the minimum charge shall be $50; that for works costing from $5,000 to $50,000 the charge shall be one per cent. of the proposed cost; and that for higher amounts the charges shall be a sum equal to two ard a half times the square root of the lowest cost. Thus for work costing from $50,000 and under $75,000 the charge shall be $559; between $1,000,000 and $1,250,000, $2,500; between $4,000,000 and $5,000,000, $5,000, and so on. The schedule of professional practice as to the charges of architects adopted by the Royal Institute of British Architects, partly because it has been deliberately made longer, and partly because it includes some topics which are omitted in the American schedule. But it will be interesting to compare the two, and its re- production will be a further elucidation of the subject. ENGLISH SCHEDULE OF CHARGES, 1. The usual remuneration for an archi- tect’s services, except as hereinafter mentioned, is a commission of five per cent. on the total cost of works executed under his directions. Such total cost is to be valued as though ex- ecuted by a builder with new materials. “This commission is for the necessary preliminary conferences and sketches, approximate esti- mate when required (such, for instance, as may be obtained by cubing out the contents), the necessary general and detailed drawings and specifications, one set of tracings, duplicate specification, general superintendence of works, and examining ard passing the accounts, ex- clusive of measuring and making out extras and omissions. 2. This commission does not include the payment for services rendered in connection with negotiations relating to the site or premises, or in supplying drawings to ground or other landlords, or in surveying the site or premises and taking levels, making surveys and plans of buildings to be altered, making ar- rangements in respect of party walls and rights of light, or for drawings for and correspond- ence with local and other authorities, or for services consequent on the failure of builders to carry out the works, or for services in con- rection with litigation or arbitration, or in the measurement and valuation of extras and omissions. For such services additional charges proportionate to the trouble involved and time spent are made. ‘The clerk of the works should be appointed by the architect, his salary being paid by the client. 3. In all works of less cost than £1,000, and in works requiring designs for furniture and fittings of buildings, or for their decoration with pairting, mosaics, sculpture, stained glass, or other like works, and in cases of alterations and additions to buildings, five per cent is not remunerative, and the architect’s charge is regulated by special circumstances and con- ditions. (Continued in September Number) BOOKS Z | ror tHe ARCHITEGT BUILDER ano STUDENT 1905 Edition of the Architects’ D‘rectory and Specification Index. Containing a list of the Architects, ‘also Land- scape and Naval Architects in the United States and Canada; _ List of Architectural Societies; Specification Index of Manufacturers of and Dealers in Building Materials. Handsomely bound in cloth. Price, postpaid.........+-s00. $2.00 American Renaissance. A Review of Domestic Architecture, illustrated by ninety-six half-tone plates. By Joy Wheeler Dow, Architect. .Handsomely bound in cloth. JOB ECH Elio co apadoucddac oD bNdD DoDDEDdAapNONDDO GORE $4.00 Building Construction and Superintendence. aA F. E. Kidder, C.E., Ph.D., Architect. Part I— asons’ Work. Sixth edition, 421 pages, 250 illus- trations. Part II—Carpenters’ Work, 4th edition, 544 pages, 524 illustrations. It has been the aim of theauthor,in preparing these works, to furnisha series of books that shall be of practical value to all who have to do with building operations, and especially to architects, draughtsmen and build- ers. Each volume is independent and they are sold separately. The volumes are large 8vos. bound in cloth. Price, each $4.00 Practical Building Construction. By John Parnell Allen. Designed also asa book of reference for persons engaged in building. Fourth edition, revised and enlarged, containing over 1,000 illustrations. Cloth. Price (postage DHICEMES), MSE scr me liejeleiedersecielelsieieiessieleieise sie +.cis sie $3.00 The Drainage of Town and Country Houses. By G. A. T. Middleton, A. R.I. B.A. A text-book for the use of architects and others, illustrated by 87 diagrams and six plates showing the drain- age ofa country house, a terrace,a school and a town residence,and the bacterial disposal works of a country mansion, and the septic tank sys- tem, with a chapter on sewage disposal works on asmall scale. One 8vo. Cloth. Price, net... $2.00 Building Construction and Drawing. Fifth edition, revised and greatly enlarged. A text-book on the principle and practice of con- struction. Specially adapted for students in science and technical schools. First stage, or elementary course. By Chas.F. Mitchell. 360 pp. of text, with nearly 950 illustrations. Crown 8vo. Clothe TBLICe acetic (tsisi-leissieielejelesisissieisieyeisie $1.50 Building Construction. Advanced and honors courses. Third edition, thoroughly revised and greatly enlarged. By Charles F. Mitchell. Containing 660 pp. of text, with 570 illustrations, many being full-page or double-plates of examples, with constructional details specially drawn for this edition. C:own 8v0O. Cloth. PYiCe........cccerseeeecscceseceee: $2.50 MUNN & CO., Publishers Scientific American 361 BROADWAY, Brickwork and Masonry. By Chas. F. Mitchell. A practical text-book for students and others engaged in the desig and execution of structures in_ brick and stone. With nearly Price une tears eieccscenneaee eect: Architectural Perspective for Beginners. Fourth edition, revised. By F. A. Wright, Archi- tect. Containing eleven large plates and full descriptive letter-press. One large quarto, hand- gomely boundin cloth. Price.............. -. $3.00 Practical Lessons in Architectural Drawing. Suited to the wants of architectural students, carpenters, builders, and all desirous of acquir- ing a thorough knowledge of_ architectural drawing and construction. By Wm. Lb. Tuthill, A. M., Architect. One oblong, 8vo. volume. COP IOC oso noddananeonanoo dace bsaodnaAcoad one $2.50 Draughtsman’s Manual; or, How I Can Learn Architecture. By F. T. Camp. Containing hints to enquirers and directionsin draughtsmanship. New revised gue enlarged edition. One small volume. Cloth. TICE | seis e meltislelsieielslclelels\eisiclesiastceciceiicestiee rc secre -50 / Vignola. Second American Edition. The five orders of Architecture, to which are added the Greek orders, edited and translated by Arthur Lyman Tuckerman. The volume contains 84 plates, with descriptive text in English, and will afford the student a ready reference to the details of the Greek and Roman orders. One quarto volume. Cloth. Price.............-....0.- 22+ $0.00 Bungalows and Country Residences. A series of designs and examples of executed work by_R. A. Briggs, Architect, F. R. I. B. A. Fifth edition, revised and enlarged, containing 47 photo-lithographie and ink-photo plates, many of which are new in this edition. One quarto. COlkara nly Leduc rovdaoo ses uddeacdcasouBbonsoobooudace $5.00 Houses for the Country. A series of designs and examples of executed works, with plans of each. Illustrated on 48 plates by R. A. Briggs, Architect. One quarto volume. Cloth. Price........c.ccscccececceeeee $5.00 ‘* Colonial Houses.’’ For modern homes. A collection of desigus of houses with Colonial (Georgian) details, but arranged with modern comforts, and with the completeness of the 20th century. Written and illustrated by E.S. Chil, Architect. folio. Paper. Price... NEW YORK Why Not Utilize the Waste Heat for the Drying of the Clothes > This Is Accomplished ty the Use of the One Fire Heats Water, Heats Flat Irons, Boils Clothes, and Dries the Clothes by what would ordinarily be waste heat. Substantially constructed of metal throughout and absolutely fire-proof, Made in all sizes. No residence or other institution is complete without this apparatus, Send for Catalogue. We also make Dryers heated by GAS, STEAM and HOT WATER, suitable for Residences, Flat Buildings and Public Institutions. Chicago Clothes Dryer Works 340-342 Wabash Ave., Chicago 134-136 W. 24th St., New York City 128 AMERICAN’ HOMES AND GARDE August, 1905 Something New! A washable and per- Plain colors in oil admi- fectly sanitary wallcover- rably adapted to ceiling ing. Cloth foundation fin- and fresco work. Hides ished in oil cracks and colors. Best Prleaese te cmt wall cover- stains. ing forkitch- aq Water- en, pantry, proof, ver- bathroom, | } min - proof, closet, and f applied to other walls Co ~' lhcuwea lel MPpS Wap atte meat like - paper, vsesobic GLOTHWaLLCOVERING. 22%, >= surface is pensive. desired. Prints, plain col- For sale by the Dry ors and tiles in dull, var- Goods Trade and Oil nished and glazed effects. Cloth Dealers. Standard Table Oil Cloth Co., 320 Broadway, New York City. TWO BEST SSA IN THE WORLD METAL LATH & as rs NILES, Qua. GRILLES 9 “biREctT [FROM Fi FACTORY” MANTELS ea, | Sh TILES AACS = of Every Description for Walls, Floors, Etc. $13.25 95 buys this solid oak Mantel, 80 in. high, 54 or 60 in. wide 28x16 Mirror. Heavy columns and elaborate capitals. Tile facing and hearth. Club house grate, $10.00, No. 225—48 x 12 inches, $3. 60. Sr are value, $7.00 Write for catalog of Mantels, Grates, Tiles for floors No. 230—48x14 inches, with Curtain Pole, $4.50. and baths, Slate Laundry Tubs, Grilles, etc. It is free. Retail value, £9.00 Or send 10 cents to pay postage on our Art Mantel Cat- Others from $2.50 up. Largest assortment. Division alog. Mantel Outfits from $12 to $200. y Screens and special Grilles to order W. F. OSTENDORF, 2417 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. CORTRIGHT The appearance of many a building has been spoiled by specifying the wrong kind of roofing. Don't forget CORTRIGHT. i Cortright Metal Roofing Co. Philadelphia and Chicago FIFTY SUGGESTIONS FOR THE HOUSE 5. Oijl Paints for Walls THE best wearing and appearing wall finish is by all means that obtained with oil paints. Nothing but white lead should be used for the body of the first two or three coats, tinted to approach the desired color, and for these coats nothing but linseed oil should be used as the carrier, with a very small proportion of tur- pentine used as a drier. If the walls are well filled, three coats should be sufficient for the groundwork. ‘The last coat should contain nothing but turpentine and the color desired, and this coat should be applied while the last coat is still “tacky,” and should be evenly stippled with a stippling-brush as fast as it is applied. When dry, it will be absolutely flat and present a beautiful velvet finish. It can be easily washed with a damp rag at any time that dirt or dust should accumulate——Frank FE. Kidder. 6. Library Walls In any room intended for reading and study walls covered with blossoms or intricate, over- accentuated designs are distracting and un- satisfactory. Books are in themselves a decora- tion. The colors of their bindings—reds, greens, blues and gold—broken by the tawny hue of old calf, have richness of tone. In those libraries in which the shelves do not run to the ceiling, a plain background above the shelves is a necessity primarily on account of the books, but also as a background for the busts, casts or pictures.—Lillie Hamilton French. 7. An Apartment Sideboard THE limited space in the modern apartment necessitates furniture that takes as little room as possible. Ihe commercial sideboard is often a very dreary affair, a large piece of fur- niture, built up with much polish and a badly framed mirror for its chief adornment. A “home-made” sideboard or row of shelves is often better adapted to apartment house use than the ready-made affair of the commercial stores. Five or six shelves, made by a car- penter in the style of an old-fashioned cup- board or dresser are often much more decora- tive. The shelves can be painted or stained and curtained with the same material—demi denim or cretonne, which is used for the win- dow drapery. A convenient design allows for three wide shelves below and four nar- rower ones above. 8. Cooling the House For the purpose of cooling the air of a single room small electric fans are in very general use. These serve to propel the air through the room at a high rate of speed, and thus produce a cooling effect through the greater evaporation from the surface of the body. The air of an entire house may be cooled by passing it through a chamber filled with ice, the air being propelled throughout the different parts of the house by means of a large fan or blower. This method is, how- ever, very expensive, as it requires large quan- tities of ice or the employment of an ice ma- chine of one or more tons daily capacity, ac- cording to the size of the house to be cooled and the initial temperature of the outside air. Passing the incoming air through a large screen over which a spray of ice water is fall- ing will also serve to cool the air. Liquid air has been employed as a means of cooling the air of theaters in summer, and has proved satisfactory, although this is also expensive.— Dr. D. H. Burgey. August, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 129 WATER NOTES Rain: Water Storage and Purification ee especially when gathered in the country, is fairly clean, points out a recent writer, and if filtered and stored in suitable receptacles is a great acquisi- tion, more particularly for washing purposes. It is best, whenever possible, to collect and store the rain-water as near the roof as prac- ticable, thus saving expensive pumping ma- chines and underground drains and tanks. It is needless to say that a large overflow is es- sential to prevent flooding in time of heavy storms. There are two means generally adopted for removing many of the impurities, such as soot and roof washings, from rain-water. The separator, which allowed the first portion of the water to run to waste and then by a rock- ing motion passed the remainder to the stor- age tanks, is effective, but, of course, there is waste of water, which in a dry season was a consideration; while a filter composed of broken bricks, ballast and sand is most useful, but needed occasional cleaning. Some favor a small settling chamber divided from the filter by a brick wall built with half a dozen courses, dry at the bottom, giving upward filtration, thus avoiding to a great extent choking of the upper surface of the filter, as in the case of downward filtration. All the tanks need an overflow, but this should not be connected to the soil drains. Destroying Algae in Water Supplies HE importance of maintaining all water ar supplies at the highest degree of purity and wholesomeness is too well recog- nized to require discussion. The United States Department of Agriculture has recently pub- lished a bulletin dealing with this problem of purifying water, and Messrs. G. T. Moore and Karl F. Kellerman, in the summary of their pamphlet, declare that the disagreeable odors and tastes so often present in drinking water are due almost exclusively to alge, al- though the economic importance of studying these plants has not been recognized until re- cent years. ‘These algal forms are widely dis- tributed, and reservoirs are often rendered unfit for use by their presence. The methods now known for preventing the objectionable odors and tastes have been found either too costly or ineffectual. A new, cheap, harmless and effective method was therefore required to rid reservoirs of the pests, and it has been found that copper sulphate in a dilution so weak as to be colorless, tasteless and harmless to man is sufficiently toxic to the alge to de- stroy or prevent their appearance. “The mode of application makes this method applicable to reservoirs of all kinds, pleasure ponds and lakes, fish ponds, oyster beds, watercress beds, etc. It is also probable that the method can be used for destroying mosquito larve. At ordinary temperatures one part of copper sul- phate to 100,000 parts of water destroys ty- phoid and cholera germs in about three to four hours. “The ease with which the sulphate can then be eliminated from the water seems to offer a practical method of sterilizing large bodies of water. Definite knowledge in re- gard to what organisms are present, the con- stitution of the water, its temperature, and other important facts are necessary before it is possible to determine the proper amount of copper sulphate to be added. A microscopical examination thus becomes as important as a bacteriological or chemical analysis. No rule for determining the amount of copper sulphate to be added can be given. Each body of water must be treated in the light of its special conditions. ARSTON’S HAND AND FOOT POWER CIRCULAR SAW pez Zul? J. H. ELLER ¢& CO. 1610 E. Fifth St. CANTON, OHIO Also Makers of Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Etc. UR remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant, smokeless gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one-fourth as much as Acetylene. Most durable and least expensive apparatus to maintain in effective perpetual operation. Gives services of lighting, cooking, and heating. Fullest satisfaction guaranteed, and easy terms The very apparatus for suburban homes, institu- tions, etc. We construct special apparatus also for fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equiv- alent to city gas at 50 cents per 1,ooo cubic feet, and made to respond to very large demands, also for lighting towns, etc. Cc. M. KEMP MFG. CO., BALTIMORE, MD. Locations for Builders Throughout the Southwest, especialiy in Oklahoma and Indian Territories, Ar- kansas and Texas, along the line of the numerous towns and small cities have sprung up along the many new lines of the System that have recently been con- structed, and openings for builders, con- tractors, architects and manufacturers in many lines exist. Send for a copy of handbook entitled “ Opportunities.” WM. Schulter, traustriat Commissioner Frisco Building St. Louis, Tito. August, 1905 AUNDEVROGAGN | EO wre S' AN DE (GARD ENS 131 stimulated in his work, and will return to these pages again and again for inspiring suggestion. The book is, in short, one of singular value. It is markedly devoid of fads and fancies, unless it be the author’s frank confession of his little sympathy with the elaborate arrange- ments of Le Notre and other older designers. His book is not even a plea for the “ formal ” garden, a tendency toward which, in America, is becoming almost too pronounced, but dis- cusses the arrangement and effect of the gar- den in a broad, general way. It is exactly the kind of book every garden designer needs. It is a book of garden arrangement and planning. Of the growing of plants and trees, of the shrubs to use, of the bulbs to plant, of the technical processes of garden making it has nothing to do. The growing knowledge is presupposed, and rightly; for in garden mak- ing the arrangement of the garden, the utiliza- tion of the site, the direction, form, length and - purpose of the paths, the location of the lawns, the utilization of the terrace, the things which help in producing the effect—these are matters of supreme importance, which might well be treated in a larger volume than the present one, but which are here admirably condensed and summarized. Mr. Thonger argues eloquently for the in- dividual garden, for the garden designed for itself, for the design suited to one spot and to no other. Each garden, he writes, must be treated, as regards its laying out, simply and solely on its own merits and possibilities. It matters not, he adds, whether we are dealing with a humble quarter acre attached to the modern villa, or have in hand the broad sur- roundings of the country mansion. ‘There is no rule-of-thumb for either; each is worthy of just as much love and care as might be bestowed were it the only garden in the world. And he is equally sound in discussing gen- eral principles, which, pure theory as they may seem to be, are, after all, the very funda- mentals on which garden design and garden success—for garden success rests on garden design—depends. Whatever our models, he writes, our work is bound to prove unsatis- factory unless beneath the outer veneer which proclaims its origin there is observable a re- spect for nature’s teaching and a due regard for the dictates of artistic feeling and ordinary good taste. The eleven chapters into which the book is divided well explain its scope. An introduc- tory chapter on gardens and garden designers is a rapid historical sketch of garden design. It is followed by a brief and exceedingly valu- able discussion of general principles. “The se- lection of a site, walks and lawns, formal and landscape planting, kitchen garden and orchard, the treatment of water, hardy herbaceous perennials, plants for alpine, aquatic and bog gardens, flowering trees and shrubs, and hardy climbers form the other topics treated in the handbook. It is a book crammed with suggestive and practical sug- gestion, and well deserves more than one reading. A General Building Code BuILpDING Cope RECOMMENDED BY THE NATIONAL Boarp oF FIRE UNDER- WRITERS. New York, 1905. Pp. 263. That there is a widespread feeling that definite, positive and efficient steps be taken against the gigantic waste of property through loss by fire and loss of life due to the same cause has been apparent for some time. Many parts of the United States have been visited by severe fires in the last few years, and the loss, both of property and of life, has been so great that the need of remedial measures is now evident on all hands. The lesson has been a costly one, and has been brought home ESTABLISHED 1626 Meywvrod- TRADE MARK FACSIMILE OF OUR TAG Lei nit EM EL OLENA EDI “ Ci OW hi AS YOUR DEALER to show you our goods bearing the little white tag as shown at top of this announcement. If he does not carry our line, do not accept a substitute for our famous Reed and Rattan Furniture, but write to our nearest store, mention his name, and you will be informed how to obtain our furniture. are well worth having. Free, from any of our stores. Our Beautiful Catalogues Catalogue H shows and describes many of our ornate and attractive designs in Reed and Rattan Furniture — for every purpose — and prices. Catalogue 8 pertains to the well-known Heywood Wakefield lines of children’s go-carts and baby carriages, which we also make, and are without an equal. HEYWOOD BROTHERS AND WAKEFIELD COMPANY Boston, Bu‘falo, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland, Ore. J.C. PLIMPTON & CO., Agents, London and Liverpool, England COLONIAL HOUSES should be trimmed with hardware harmonizing with that deservedly popular style of architecture. We make in SARGENT’S ARTISTIC HARDWARE many Colonial designs, all strictly correct in every detail of size, shape and proportions, and particu- larly appropriate. We have Knobs, Key Plates, Sash Lifts and various other articles for use where- ever hardware is required in a modern building—all well-made, durable goods. Sargent’s Book of Designs, sent free on request, is interesting and will help you to select hardware for your home. SARGENT & COMPANY, ahamaers Hardvare 156 Leonard Street, New York ne AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905 us 7) This Label is on Genuine Pantasote Furniture Accept no Substitute Insist upon Pantasote "ig a PENAL OFFEy sy > Leather IS BEST FOR UPHOLSTERY YOU CAN’T TELL THE DIFFERENCE between Pantasote Leather and real Icather. Pantasote Leather can be used for every purpose for which real leather isadapted. Pantasote is durable, bright, odorless, easily cleaned, does not crack, is fireproof, waterproof, and wears and looks like leather in every respect. PANTASOTE Costs One-Third as much as Real Leather The great demand for Pantasote has led to the substitution of many inferior imitations. To protect you against fraud accept no furniture as covered with Pantasote from your dealer or upholsterer unless it bears our trade-mark label as shown above. Do not accept his ‘‘Just as good’’ theory; insist upon Pantasote. See that the word ‘““PANTASOTE”’ is embossed on selvage edge of all piece goods. Pantasote was awarded the Grand Prize and two Gold Medals at St. Louis. FOR TRIAL PURPOSES we have for sale four sizes of chair seats, which give you the amount of upholstery material you want, making the cost very small for new seats for chairs you may have that need reupholstering. We will send, on receipt of price and name of upholsterer, chair seat size 18 x 18 inch, 25c.3; 25 x 25 inch, 50c.; 27 x 27 inch, 7oc.; 36 x 36 inch, $1.00. Upon application, will send our catalogue showing material in the different colors in which it is made. THE PANTASOTE COMPANY Dept. Six, 11 Broadway, New York CARPENTERS in these days of close competition need the best possible equipment, and this they can have in Barnes’ Hand ¢& Foot Power Machinery UR new Foot and Hand Power Circular Saw No. 4—the strongest, most powerful, and in every way the best machine of its kind ever made. For ripping, cross cutting, boring and grooving. SEND FOR OUR NEW CATALOGUE W. F. & JOHN BARNES CO. *stater” ROCKFORD, ILL. time and time again. The point has been reached when further object lessons will not be required. ‘The time has surely come when efficient remedies must be applied and wili be cordially welcomed. There are obviously but two ways in which fire losses, both of life and property, can ve remedied. One is so completely to arouse pub- lic opinion as to the necessity of greater care in construction and of greater care in the handling of fires within and without the build- ing; the other is to provide remedies by law, through the enactment of a building law which shall provide for proper construction, and which will make buildings of all kinds better adapted to resist fires of any sort. It is apparent that the first of these remedies will fail in the future, as it has failed in the past, in accomplishing anything like the work desired. The very diversity of our popula- tion, the diversity of our building materials, the diversity of the conditions under which buildings are erected and used, render any educational campaign doomed to failure at the outset. Certain classes of people, certain grades of buildings, can always be reached by such means; but the positive results obtained are small and inconsequential. The educa- tional campaign is valuable, of course, because everything that tends to educate the people as a mass is helpful; but it is much too costly of time and much too indefinite in its results to be permanently valuable. The law, and the building law. is the single efficient remedy. “The law can permit certain kinds of construction and forbid others. It imposes penalties; it provides for the punish- ment of offenders. Even if ineffectively ap- plied, it is a great step and a good step in advance. For many years our larger cities have permitted the construction of buildings only under the limitations of a building code. In some instances, as in that of the city of New York, this code is a highly specialized law, dealing with great minuteness with every possible requirement and condition. The build- ing conditions in New York are, perhaps, more exacting than in other cities, and its law has, in a sense, come to be regarded as the model for building codes elsewhere. The relationship between a building code and the safeguarding of property against loss by fire is very close, and the remedy is quite as obvious. If a fire loss means the destruc- tion of a building, it is obvious that if the building has been constructed so that it will not burn, if the rapidity of the destroying element is checked, if apparatus and devices are supplied that will hinder a fire, there must be less loss than if no preventive con- struction steps had been taken. By requir- ing care in construction, therefore, the build- ing code becomes a medium for the lessening of fire losses. It is concerned, of course, with other subjects, as, for example, the many questions relating to the stability of struc- tures, but its value as a fire lessener is very great. The National Board of Fire Underwriters has performed much valuable work in dis- seminating literature relating to protection against fire losses. It has realized, for some time past, that a general building law would be the most effective agent that could be ap- plied toward diminishing the losses by fire. The subject does not appear to be one that can be reached by national laws, and the dif- ficulties of securing general legislation by States is very great. It has, however, now taken a very long step forward in this most important work by drafting a general or model building code, which has been prepared to meet general conditions, and which has been submitted to the authorities of the leading August, 1905 towns and cities of the United States with an urgent appeal for its adoption. This model code has been prepared by Mr. William J. Fryer, who is largely the author of the New York City code, and who has revised the New York code to meet general conditions, thus producing, with much other specialized help, the present model code. This is neither the place, nor is there here opportunity, to examine the model code in de- tail, but the auspices urder which it has been produced entitle it to the most favorable con- sideration. It presents the argument for an efficient building law in a concrete form, and it presents it in the best way it has yet been brought forward. As a basis for a local build- ing law this code has exceptional value, for it can readily be adapted to local conditions and made to meet the special requirements of various localities. It emphasizes in a very emphatic way the earnestness of the National Board of Fire Underwriters in its campaign for better building and in its protest against wanton and unnecessary loss by fire. The code is, of course, quite complete in the subjects it treats of, and has been printed a good style with an ample index. Church Architecture THE RISE AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE. By the Rev. Joseph Cullen Ayer, Jr., Ph.D. Milwaukee: The Young Churchman Co. Pp. 64. Every book which has for its avowed object the broadening of the popular interest in archi- ; tecture deserves a welcome. Dr. Ayer’s book, which originally appeared in the columns of the Living Church—a fact to which it owes its form—is a well meant effort to present some of the leading principles in church archi- tecture as illustrated in historic buildings, and has been carried out with considerable success. His method has been to select certain build- ings, or groups of buildings, as typical of the various periods of the development of Chris- tian architecture, and, by giving an adequate account of these churches, to draw a graphic picture of progress in church architecture. It is an excellent plan, and has been well exe- cuted. The buildings chosen for treatment are exactly those most typical of their especial period, and the author presents the chief facts of their history and their relation to con- temporary structures in a clear and satisfactory manner. The book frankly makes no claim for com- pleteness, nor does the author make any effort to treat the history of architecture, even as illustrated in churches only, with complete- ness. It is a book intended to arouse interest, and will serve as an admirable stepping-stone to further studies in the fascinating subject of which it treats. Like many writers who approach church architecture from an ecclesiastical standpoint, Dr. Ayer refuses to believe in the growth of a real architectural style later than the Eng- lish Perpendicular Gothic. For him the Renaissance has no message and has no prod- ucts. It is quite true that there is little contemporary church architecture of perma- nent value, but it is most emphatically true that the Renaissance in its golden period pro- duced great churches, churches as much churches in an ecclesiastical and architectural sense as any building erected in the Gothic period. Dr. Ayer is quite justified in bring- ing his book to an end at any point that suits his own convenience or which meets his views; but he clearly lessens his value as a leader in the subject of good architecture by closing his eyes to a period which produced some of the most impressive and most original creations of ecclesiastical architecture. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 133 the high deep shades carefully considered. By the use of “American Seal” Paint, the best and most lasting results can be obtained. Made in sixty standard shades of pure carbonate of lead, oxide of zinc, and pure linseed oil, combined in the right proportions with the very best color- ing pigments. Ihe prod- uct is the supreme ready mixed paint. The William Connors Paint | Mfg. Co. ow Troy, N.Y. Beautiful Summer Homes Can be made very attract- ive by artistic painting. The color scheme should be in harmony with the surroundings to secure the correct effect. There should be a harmonious con- trast with the background, with lights and The Seal of the Best. Paint. Remember q There is none "just as good." We cannot make a better paint. We would if we could. @ Send us a_ photo- graph of your house and we will send you absolutely free samples of artistic shades and trimming colors in har- mony with the sur- roundings. @ The label on every can of "AMERICAN SEAL" PAINT is a guarantee of the in- tegrity of the contents. The brand is merely another name for Purity and Perfection Q Hundreds of homes along the historic Hud- son and Wallkill Val- leys are painted with "American Seal" Paints 134 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905 ALWAYS IN PLACE. NEVER IN THE WAY. Glenny’s Auxiliary Ironing Board Cuts down the laundry bills. Can be instantly and easily attached to regular ironing board or table, and is the best thing ever produced for bringing out those desirable effects in shirt waists, ladies’ clothing and chil- dren’s suits. For ironing sleeves there is nothing better. If you own an Auxiliary Ironing Board the laundress will have no ex- cuse fornot ironing your clothesexactly as you wish them. Nicely made from hard wood, with rounded edges. Metal parts are aluminum finished. Retails everywhere for 50 Cts. SPECIAL OFFER: Send us the name of a house-furnish- ing dealer whom you positively know by inquiry doesn’t have these boards in stock or on order, mention this publi- cation, and we will send you, absolutely FREE, a household convenience which retails everywhere for 25 Cents. Monday and Tuesday Booklet on request. W. H, GLENKY & CO. Specialty Mfg. Dept. TURNED BACK OUT OF WAY. 80-Page Illustrated Catalogue of over 250 Designs of Superior WeatherVanes, Tower Ornaments Church Crosses, Copper Finials, Ec. mailed to any address for 2-cent stamp—half the postage 22 Burling Slip and T.W. JONES, Manufacturer, 180 Front Street, N.Y. CREEPER EERIE EEE ERED EE EDEL! Butcher’s Boston Polish Is the best finish made for FLOORS, Interior Woodwork and Furniture. preserving, the natural color and beauty of the wood, For Sale by Dealers in Paints, Hardware and House-Furnishings, Send for our FREE BOOKLET telling of theinany advantages of BUTCHER’S BOSTON POLISH. THE BUTCHER POLISH CO., 356 Atlantic Ave., Boston, Mass. H is a superior finish for Our No. 3 Reviver kitchen and piazza floors, PATENTED OO CCRC CRA Ta ar a “My mother says that with her new ironing board she can iron my clothes so they fit, ROCHESTER, N. Y. andshe knows.” eT re ogy TAISCOLND A CLEVELAND, OHIO. READY FOR USE, Van Dorn Iron Works Co. Prison, House, and Stabie Work, Joist Hangers, Lawn Furniture, Fencing, Eic. Standing Seam AROOF IRONS Clinch right through the standing seam of metal roofs. No rails are needed unless desired. Wemakea similar one for slate roofs BA oe SEND FOR CIRCULAR BERGER BROS. CO. PHILADELPHIA PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT Pressed Cement Brick Machine A GENERAL fact of great importance in the building interests of the country is the rapid substitution of concrete sub- stances for the old materials. Cement, with its practical qualities of plasticity, durability and economy, and capable of giving the nec- essary artistic conditions required of color, tint and texture, is now to be reckoned with as one of the chief features in structural industries, and there are no signs that any royal decree will be issued by architectural experts against its vast and rapid introduction. One popular form of its utility is shown in the adaptability to be manufactured into bricks by machinery on a scale of production that will enable it to meet all demands, and in various styles that are bound to prevail between the embellished and the plain. The capacity of one machine that is devoted to this work is about seventy- five styles of brick already regularly made, with chances of an infinite multiplicity to follow the moods of the designers. Besides this number it turns out patterns of special kinds made to order. In our view, these numerous samples, forming an array of speci- mens that climb by gentle steps from the very simple to the most beautiful, are impossible to produce by any other means as well. The apparatus is the Helm Brick Machine, manu- factured by the Queen City Brick Company, of Traverse City, Mich., and is shown by the accompanying illustration. It makes ten per- fect, uniform pressed cement bricks at each operation, and is easily worked to this large pro- duction from one to three times a minute. The number of opera- tions depend on the PRESSED CEMENT BRICK MACHINE. yard arrangement with reference to mixing materials and yarding the output—a capacity of a thousand bricks a day per man up to ten men, producing ten thousand without a mixer. ‘The use of a mixer decreases the cost of mix- ing seventy-five per cent. and enables seven men to do the work of ten with the machine. Every brick made is a pressed brick, and orna- mental ones are made as quickly and cheaply as the plain by using the special plungers fur- nished each device free of charge. So far as machinery is concerned the machine is a com- plete cement brick plant. It works with a pressure of eighty thousand pounds, or eight thousand to the brick. They are pressed face up, securing sharp lines, and easily colored or made richer on the face with but little addi- tional cost. The handling is labor-saving on account of being pressed on wooden pallets, five to the pallet. These are easily removed from the machine and placed in cars or racks, thus avoiding the care of each brick separately. The design of the machine is scientific, and it is practical in construction. It is equipped with ten plain and the same number of orna- mental plungers, each of the latter of dif- ferent design, and by placing them in the press 9 August, 1905 AC Ei heen lO MES AN DENGAIRD ENS 10 Pressed Cement Brick AT ONE OPERATION Plain, Colored or Ornamental w-sceerere Operated by hand 1 to 3 times per minute, 80,000-1b. pressure 10,000 Bricks a day with 10 men, or 7 men and a mixer Catalog and prices sent on request QUEEN CITY BRICK MACHINE CO. Deer. © Traverse City, Mien. Write for illustrated booklet W free. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., Jersey City, N. J. F, Weber & Co. ee cee Sole Agents for RIEFLER’S INSTRUMENTS, 01's Pantographs, Drawing and Blue Print Papers, Drawing Boards, Tabies, Squares, Tri- angles, Etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Transits, and Levels of Best Makes Send for Illustrated Catalogue, Vol. III 1125 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore waxe Concrete Building °°" Blocks Best, Fastest, Simplest, Cheapest MACHINE No crackage or breakage No off- bearing No expensive iron pallets No cogs, gears, springs or levers Move the Machine, Not the Blocks ; ; THE PETTYJOHN CO. €17 N. 6th Street, Terre Haute, Ind. BRISTOL'S RECORDING THERMOMETER, Located within house. records on aweekly chart outside tempera- ture. Also, Bristol's Recording Pressure Gauges, Volt, Ampere and Watt Meters. Over 100 differ- ent varieties, and guaranteed. Send for catalogue. THE BRISTOL CO.,Waterbury, Conn. BURLINGTON Venetian Blinds Screens and Screen Doors Sliding Blinds 1 Highest Quality Surest Sellers 7 I) Any style of wood for any style of Y window. Backed by the endorsements of thousands of satisfied custom- ers. Made on honor. Sold on merit and guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. Proved by actual use to be the most practical and satisfactory blinds and screens on the market. For your own best interests and STEAM 84 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO your customers, send for Free Booklet Catalogue, giving prices and full particulars. BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 LAKE StrEET, BURLINGTON, VT. RESIDENCE OF DR. H. B. JACOBS, NEWPORT, R. I. MR. J. R. POPE, ARCHITECT. ONE OF THE THOUSANDS OF HOMES HEATED BY Richardson & Boynton SS HEATERS Winter weather defied and homes given a summer climate with these powerful, economical Heating Apparatus. @Correspondence respectfully solicited from parties wanting to adopt the best methods of heating. 2 of oF oe WARM-AIR FURNACES COOKING RANGES, ETC. Richardson & Boynton Co. (Established 1837) 234 WATER STREET, NEW YORK AND WATER BOILERS 51 PORTLAND STREET, BOSTON 136 AMERICAN’ HOMES AND GARDERsS August, 1905 The HAMPION IRON CO. KENTON, OFFIC. STRUCTURAL IRON. ORNAMENTAL CAST AND WROUGHT IRON. JAIL CELL WORK. FENCES AND RAILINGS. ® 8 6 Catalogue of above furnished, and Prices quoted on application. cAbsolutely safe and reliable. cAsk your friends. RED GULF CYPRESS =] yields its mystery slowly. We know it outlasts all other timber for tank use, but we don’t know exactly why. Our. Ca t alogue lee more information 27 ft. Tower, 3,000 gal. Tank. furnished Mr. J. F. Perkins Portland, Maine = = W. E. CALDWELL COMPANY, LOUISVILLE, KY. Water Thermostat A BRAFT CONTROLLER FOR HOT WATER HEATERS Simple, Durable, Accurate, Inexpensive. Will save 25 per cent. of your coal bill. Will regulate the tempera- ture of your whole house. Catalogue free upon request. Davis & Rorsch Temperature Controlling Co. NEWARK, N. J. a few minutes ten various patterns are pro- duced at once. ‘The brick being pressed face up, the cement box can be filled nearly full of natural colored mixture, and then colored mixture of richer material added insures a well tinted face brick impervious to moisture. The method of operation is simple and convenient. Two pallets are placed within the cement box shown in the engraving. ‘The box is then filled with material, passing along the track to the machine and then into it. The front and side levers are then operated, and the bricks are ready to remove. By working the small lever at the left end of the machine, the cement box, which has been forced down over the table in operation, raises to position for removal and return for refilling. “The above firm in its catalogue compares the product of this machine with common clay pressed brick and block construction in very surprising state- ments, but the successive observations are so carefully made that no exaggeration can be implied. Its literature also gives numerous advantages of this contrivance, which is recog- nized by engineers, machinists and contractors as an unsurpassed factor in revolutionizing the brick industry. It is easily transported. Take it to the sand bank, deliver cement to it and one has a brick yard that will produce plain pressed bricks or those most highly ornamental to rear the finest structure. Or the little plant can be established on the building site and bricks made there. It is plainly a boon to the utility of cement and cement construc- tion. It enables the builder to make the brick for his own structures, the contractor to save the brick maker’s profit, the clay brick maker to produce a pressed facing brick in connec- tion with his common clay product, thus widening his field, and concrete block makers to complete their plants so as to produce ce- ment brick as well as blocks. Concrete has been tested for years, and is recognized as un- surpassed in strength needed for construction purposes. The mixture used in the machine is much the same as for other forms of concrete work, requiring Portland cement and clean, sharp sand free from clay and foreign matter. The apparatus is manufactured under the F. Helm patents, all territories east of the Mississippi River being exclusively controlled and machines manufactured therefor by the Queen City Brick Machine Company, of Traverse City; while the country west of that river is held under like conditions by the Helm Brick Machine Company of the same place. Metal Spanish Tile [ ANY one claims that metal roofing has no noteworthy or vital advantages, a study of the various points and qualities of the styles made by the Berger Manufacturing Company should be an excellent means for artistic and practical instruction on the sub- ject. This is easily done by procuring the latest illustrated catalogue, sent free on re- quest. If there is any proof in half-tone accuracy (and the art is very successful in reproducing buildings), the test pictures shown in the issue No. 2 are indeed conclusive. ‘The accommodation between the metal roofings and the many and various examples of really pretentious structures is there perfectly shown, and the color, texture and relief effects give that desired artistic capping to high class architecture as gratifying as that reached in Spanish clay tiling. All the modes of group- ing and massing of tile which render the Spanish so beautiful may be followed in cor- rect fashion by the employment of the patterns made by this company. Being absolutely ac- curate and invariable in construction, their application makes it easy to establish any di- rection of line, straight, curved or radiating, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ~ WwW 1 August, 1905 and they fit so evenly as to acquire that uni- corm and constant appearance which removes SQ NHILLLLEUETEEREEUUEEEGGECTEATUAAAUOONAET EO cS ETAT it from the commonplace. Metal tiling is a = a suitable roofing for residences as well as public buildings, and has none of the disadvantages of the clay type. The plates shown in the catalogue explain the high and vertical side guard construction, in which expansion and contraction are fully provided for and capillary attraction completely overcome, making it ab- solutely storm and water proof. ‘The plates are large enough to enable the roofer to apply them rapidly and cheaply, and a great advan- tage in their use lies in the fact that no special framing is necessary, nor need it be more than ordinarily strong. The book gives very plain illustrations of the construction and manner of fastening tile roofing, shows how to apply valley water guard, hip molding and flashing, and graduated tile for circular roofs, domes, bell shape towers and all conical surfaces. It contains numerous examples of finials and terminals, artistic hip and ridge moldings, valley guards and hip flashing, and “ Spanish,” “African Horn,” “ Pan-American” and “Twentieth Century” tile roofing. The metal tiles are manufactured of copper and zine galvanized steel terne tin plates. Besides this important output of the works at Canton, Ohio, the firm designs and makes steel office, bank, library and vault specialties and steel furniture, fixtures and filing devices; and fur- nishes plans, specifications and estimates on all kinds of steel equipment. “The main office is at Canton, Ohio, and branches in Philadel- phia, Boston, St. Louis and New York, at No. 210 East Twenty-third Street. / Most any Galvanized Sheet will last if carefully protected, but— My, py <2, CUTTTITTU TT TTTLTTT FUNUUANIULAAUNULEAUAIULLIILIOY MOST NTT TTT U/zxNNNUAUUAA TURNER TEAGUE PITTSBURGH Galvanized Sheets last anywhere. They’re made to give protection, not to seek it. Every metal worker knows what the red “Apollo” stands for, and if he has his way, no other brand will be used. Don’t give first cost too much thought, for Apollo Sheets are reasonable in price, and when trueness to gauge, superiority of material, easy working qualities and long life are considered, they are the only ones which should be used. Send for our Apollo Weight Card. Every metal worker has use for it. Floor Surfacing Machine MACHINE for surfacing floors quickly, aq cheaply and neatly, and operated by electric power obtained from power companies or generated by a small engine and generator in a wagon, is shown in the engrav- ing illustrating this article. The apparatus is American Sheet @ Tin Plate Company Frick Building Pittsburgh, Pa. 7M MTT TSS ANUTEEEUUUTETEOGGUUTEREOGENGHUUESTEOGAAEGA OAUTH EEATAAA JULUIA MMM UT \\ { | FLOOR SURFACING MACHINE. designed to meet any condition arising upon the surfacing, cleaning and polishing of floors, new or old, hard or soft, big or little. It does | § / PENDING the work with dispatch, evenness and at a | | i small fraction of hand labor cost. A long list of places, including government buildings, private dwellings, school houses, hospitals, rinks, dance halls, platforms, hotels, decks of steamers, sailing vessels, etc., is available that attests the rapid and invariable accomplish- ment of its work. The invention is simple. A frame on wheels carries a swinging arm pro- vided at its end with a polishing disk furnished ““BALL-BEARINC’”’ Gland Rapids ALL-STEEL vAoH not with knives, but with sandpaper varying in fineness with the character of the floor. A two horse-power electric motor drives the disk at a speed of two thousand revolutions per PULLEYS Are sold Direct to Build- ers, Contractors and Jills at prices under the com- mon, ordinary goods. minute, so that a given area is smoothed off in a fraction of the time required by a hand polisher. All the dust and scrapings are sucked through a pipe by a fan and deposited in a receptacle provided for the purpose. One man guides the machine about the room. When he shuts off the current and wheels the electric polisher through the door, he leaves behind him a glossy, smooth floor, without any If you make ten or ten thousand window frames, we can save you money and give youa superior sash pulley. We are the largest sash pulley makers in the world. We ship direct, or through dealers and jobbers everywhere. Write for catalogue and free samples and prices on half-gross, gross, barrei or any quantity. Direct from the makers to you. Inquiries welcome. GRAND RAPIDS HARDWARE CO. 17 PEARL STREET, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 138 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS August, 1905 A SECTION AT A TIME JUST AS YOU NEED THEM A SECTION BOUGHT TO-DAY FITS A SECTION BOUGHT FIVE YEARS HENCE Our Steelsects, or sectional cases, are interchangeable. You can have them every section complete or in combination. Check files, letter files, document files, safety deposit boxes, roller shelving, blank files, etc. Write for our Catalogue 30 S BERGER’S Steel Sectional Cabinets are adapted to every kind of office, the lawyer, the doctor, the manufacturer, the business man, and all professional use. We also make special equipment to order. Ask for our steel equip- ment catalogue. We also make steel ceilings and other sheet metal architectural work. THE BERGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY CANTON, O. AH. G. 6-5 NEW YORK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA For Factories, Mills, Foundries, Etc. A line of sash five hundred feet in length f can be operated from one station if desired. Adapted to any kind of sash, hinged or pivoted. MANUFACTURED ONLY BY THE CG. DROUVE COMPANY, BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Manufacturers and Erectors of Cornices, Ventilators, and Sheet Metal Architectural Work of Every Description. WE INVITE CORRESPONDENCE AND GUARANTEE SATISFACTION, MANTELS @Our line embraces everything needed 7 aii = 5 & i for the fireplace, and if our Mantels range in price from $2.65 up. Catalogue free. PRE THE GEO. W. CLARK CO. 91 Dearborn St., Caicago, Ill. 306 Main St., Jacksonville, Fla. (Factory: Knoxville, Tenn.) of the marring imperfections that regularly appear in handwork. Wax or other polishing material can be readily applied and brought to a high polish by covering the revolving disk with an ordinary cloth. Mounted as it is on wheels, and light in design, the machine can be wheeled as readily as a carpet sweeper. It does not require skilled labor to run it, and being a perfect dust collector it is possible for stores, offices and many areas to be polished during business hours. Probably there is no form of indoor hand labor more monotonous and exhausting than polishing floors, and as many indications point to the time being near at hand when contracts will specify machine- surfaced floors, that kind of hard work of the old style would have to be employed if it were not for the fine apparatus under notice. The new power being perfect in its adapta- tion to attend to all sorts of floors will never be counted on to “decline the toil.” Espe- cially will this amelioration of labor be ap- preciated in the case of floors just completed, where there is always an extra annoying amount of work necessary to effect the proper polish after scrubbing. By the use of the machine the scrubbing is done away with, thereby saving the quality of the floor and the expense of the cleaning, which is fifty per cent. of the cost of machine surfacing. By the new method the floor is in the best attainable con- dition to receive the painter’s finish. In private dwelling houses, hotels and all places where carpet and linoleum are used, surfaced floors are a matter of sanitation, economy and, when partly exposed, of appearance. Sanitary, for the reason that the friction caused by the rollers with the wood fills in the cracks, so that dust and other germ-bearing substances can not collect. Surfaced floors are economical, for the reason that carpet laid over a smooth floor will last much longer than over a rough one. Walking on a carpet causes friction, but if the contact be with a smooth, polished floor the friction is minimized. If a portion of the surfaced floor be exposed—for instance, if rugs are used—the base portion may be stained to represent hardwood, and only the closest scrutiny will reveal the difference. The fric- tion caused by the operation of the machine draws the sap to the surface and leaves the floor in the right condition to be stained. When plasterers and painters are through with their work, there is a vast and stubborn amount of lime and paint stains scattered about. Scrubbing will not take these out, since they have entered into the wood fiber in liquid form. The machine removes this coating and makes the floor as slick and clean as the sur- face of an oak table. Another favorable point for the device is in the fact that it is not nec- essary to remove furniture from a room in which the machine is working. In hospitals absolute cleanliness is essential, and there must be no cracks nor crevices in which dust and dirt may collect. The machine will render the floor superficies of these institutions as smooth as glass, and, consequently, as sanitary as me- chanical treatment can make them. The ma- chine started its career of dressing, truing and brightening floors in the extreme West, and is now beginning to be of service in the rest of the country. Any information beyond the scope of this notice will be gladly given by The Rapid Floor Surfacing Machine Com- pany, Room No. 608, Flatiron Building, New York, N. Y. Mantels and Grilles to Beautify the Home AY) ia and grilles form an important part of the interior finish of the mod- ern home. Reception-halls, parlors, dining-rooms, living-rooms and libraries are made more beautiful by artistic mantels. They August, 1905 AE EGAN HOMES | AN DEEGAR DENS 139 are made in large variety to harmonize with the woodwork of the ditferent rooms. Some of them are so handsomely carved and elabo- rately finished as to be perfect masterpieces. Grilles improve the appearance of doorways and arches, and can be had in many beautiful and decorative shapes. A full line of mantels and grilles is carried by W. F. Ostendorf, No. 2417 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, and he will gladly send a copy of his illustrated catalogue free on request. The goods are sold “direct from factory to user,” saving all be- tween profits. The prices are low, in the first place, because the cost is reduced by manufac- turing in large quantities. In addition to mantels and mallee he also furnishes slate laundry tubs, gas grates, fireplace belongings, tile and marbleized slate wainscoting for vesti- bules, bathrooms, halls, etc. Any one about to build a new home or make improvements in the present dwelling would do well to write to this well established and artistic manufac- turer regarding the goods mentioned above. ARTISTIC HOMES ARTISTIC HOMES A DOLLAR ROOK OF MODERATE COST HOUSE DESIGNS. Printed on the best of paper in Edition de Luxe. Any one intending to build should purchase this new edition of ARTISTIC HOMES If you ever intend to build, send for the above $1.00 book to-day. Wood-Working Machinery HE great wood-working machinery in- 9 dustry owned and operated by J. A. Fay & Egan Company has at last conquered the details of a struggle to improve facilities to meet its expanding business. In our long acquaintance with the capacity of this enterprise we have only known it to main- tain one inferiority—a lack of building space. This has now been corrected in a fair meas- ure, so that it will soon be possible to fill all orders with more than the usual rapidity, although the realty conditions surrounding the works do not promise a realization of the area needed to establish a plant which should be double the size the shops now occupy. At present the remedy is in the shape of a large five-story building under favorable state of construction and having a space of about fifty thousand square feet. It will be used as a shipping warehouse, and will serve to contain the finished machines ready for transportation, instead of, as heretofore, leaving the tools in the respective departments in which they are built. This will give more room in all de- partments and make the shipping of machinery very much easier. The warehouse will also serve as a showroom, and visitors having lim- ited time may see the different apparatus in a finished state without having to go through all the factories. “The improved and patented machinery made by this company are adapted especially for planing mills, carpenter, sash, door and blind work, furniture, chair and bracket factories, car, railway, bridge and HIGH-CLASS ARCHITECTURAL WORK. HERBERT C. CHIVERS 127-7th STREET CONSULTING ST. LOUIS HIS mantel shown is known as a terra vitrae mantel, very suitable for grille rooms, cafes, etc. We can give it to you either in the glaze or dull finish. This is simply one design of many. We can show ycu others, or can make you a mantel from your own design. If your dealer cannot show you one of these mantels, write direct to NO. 156—SINGLE CYLINDER CABINET SMOOTHING PLANER agricultural works, buggy, carriage and wagon builders, and spoke, wheel and handle fac- tories. “The success of the machines doing the wide range of work indicated in the above long list can mainly be accounted for in the admirable efforts of the staff of expert in- ventors, and one of the best examples in their unique series is the recently patented single MANTEL No. 15. EE HARTFORD (Terra Vitrae, Line-Texture.) Height (to top of Faience Egg and Dart), 5 ft. 10 in. a ora FAIENCE. COMPANY 6 ft. wet, of AEROS, 12 seu Opening, et x2 eet Hearth, 6 ft. x1 ft.9in. Len of Faience Corner eces, gin. Depth of Recess, 444 in. Returns, 10 in. Wood HARTFORD, CONN. Shelf not furnished. i i zs ev 140 Colt’s U Bar Clamps a ADAPTED TO ALL THE TRADES. | | PO eee They are a Predominant Efficiency in the Shop. Broad, Strong Grip Tnstant action. No loosening by jarring. Made with crank or bar screw when desired. In all their parts these clamps bear the signs of a peculiar fitness for the work intended. Send tor catalogue and pricc list. MANUFACTURED BY THE BATAVIA CLAMP Co. 19 Center Street, Batavia, N. Y. os the wrong medicine adminis- tered by mistake—cases like this happen every day; avoid them by keeping your medicines il. a Farigray Cabinet. FARIGRAY Medicine and Shaving Cabinet A chest in which every bottle is in || front, with the label in plain i ~=wiew—hands you the bottle you’re look- | ing for. Shelves in door are so made that bottles can’t fall off. Holds 50 bottles of all sizes. 17 in. wide, 2314 in. bigh, 74 in. deep. 10x14 in. beveled plate mirror— adjustable to most any angle for shaving. Beautiful piece of cabinet work, hand- somely finished in antique oak or white enamel. PRICE $7 00 SHIPPED ON a ONLY APPROVAL The only practical, safe, economical chest Freight prepaid north of the Ohio, west of the Alleghanies, and @ east of Kansas on re- ceipt of price — pro- rated to other points. Write for our time Payment proposition to you. Address FARISH & GRAY Makers of Fine Furniture Specialties 329 LincolnTrust Bldg. St. Louis CLOSED convenient and medicine An Architect, specifying “THATCHER” goods does so with the assurance that his client gets the best made and saves money in fuel. THATCHER FURNACE COMPANY 110-116 Beekman Street, New York City Works, Newark, N. J. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS cylinder ‘‘ Cabinet Smcothing Planer,” shown in the accompanying illustration. “This new machine has a solid or sectional feed roll 4% to 7 inches by 24 to 42 inches. The intimate de- tails of this broadly designed tool are given in a circular, which will be sent to any one on the reception of a postal request. It will clearly and succinctly show the operation of a mechanism that avoids all scraping, chiseling and rebabbitting, by the application of the firm’s patent sectional clamp bearings pressing the journals of the cylinder on this planer. When a planer is fitted with these bearings all the above troubles are done away with. The cap bearings are made up of thin plates which readily take up their own wear when the clamp bolts are loosened, and the cylinder never has a spark of lost motion. Chiseling the old Babbitt metal out of the planer boxes is one of the troublesome operations connected with the ordinary planer; rebabbiting and scrap- ing to a perfect fit are others. “They all tend to delay work and increase the cost of product. This bearing is a fine feature of the new cabinet planer, and its use makes it possible for the machine to spread to a wide adoption. The company has been so long in possession of public confidence that a special feature like its offer of second-hand machines should be very suggestive to those shops, colleges, tech- nical schools, State institutions, etc., that need to practise some economy in procuring wood- working machinery practically the same as new. ‘This class of stock is on hand on ac- count of the makers being obliged in some cases, in order to introduce new and im- proved tools, to take in exchange machines which have been in use only a short time. These are adjusted thoroughly, every part put in first-class working order, and tested at the works before shipping. A list of these second- hand tools, comprising blind and door ma- chinery, chamfer cutting machines, lathes, matchers, molders, mortisers, sanders, saws, surfacers, tenoners, dovetailers, pulleys and miscellaneous iron-working tools, is published in booklet form and will be sent free on ap- plication. Address Nos. 209-229 West Front Street, Cincinnati, Ohio. American Homes and Gardens and Scientific American will be sent to one address for $5.00 Regular price, $6.00 August, 1905 Heating Talks THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HEATING QUESTION Do you really realize the vital impor- tance of the heating question ? A good many people seem to think that any old System will do—when they are “getting figures”—the Quality (healthfulness) of the Heat is entirely forgotten—until it’s too late. Healthy Heat is just as necessary to good health as Sanitary Plumbing— it prevents coughs, colds, headaches and all the other ills which are so often the result of unhealthy Heating Systems. Healthy Heat means KELSEY Heat. If you intend to build or remodel, you owe it to your family, particularly to your children, to get our Book and learn just what THE KELSEY WARM AIR GENERATOR is—and what it prevents q THE KELSEY WARM AIR GENER- ATOR is entirely different from all other Systems—Furnace, Steam, Hot Water, etc. @ Better, because it gives healthier Heat, more uniform Heat, much more even Distribution, and the minimum Coal Cost—less than Direct Steam and Hot Water Systems, 15 to 30 per cent. less than Indirect Steam and Hot Water Systems, and 20 to 40 per cent. less than Furnaces. @ The book proves all this and more. Kelsey Heating Co. Main Office Branch Office 342 West Fayette St. 156 Fifth Avenue SYRACUSE, N.Y. NEW YORK Remington Typewriter Lasts. Therefore Remington Supremacy Lasts. Remington Typewriter Co. 327 Broadway, New York. STS < vee aXe " iba alent lei he Haaspysts a Pe se ig Wi ill ea the | “Standard” Porcelain Enameled ware is the indispensable equipment for a modern home; always moderate in cost no matter how simple or elaborate. Its snow white, seamless, non-porous surface is a constant assurance of Is Your Bathtub @ Haven't you some one in your family who cannot afford to fall? Old people, rheu- matic people, weak people, heavy people, and most married women would be thank- ful for a first-class bath mat—a mat which does not slip, and yet is comfortable. The Cant-slip Bath Mat makes any tub — no matter how slippery — safe; and is so comfortable that we have known bathers to go to sleep on it in the tub. It is soft and grateful to the tenderest skin — like cloth, but with the germ-proof quality of pure white rubber. @ Made in six lengths and two widths. The average tub takes a 36x15 inch mat; price at your dealer's, $3.00. For some bathers the Rim Gnp (lower cut) is de- sirable ; price, $2.00. @ If you find any difficulty in getting mat or grip, write us direct, and goods will be forwarded anywhere east of Omaha at prices named. health, its beauty a source of comfort and satisfaction to all the family, and its installation in your home is a small investment, which not only quickly earns its cost through daily use, but considerably increases the value of your house, if at any time you should want to sell or rent. Our Book, “‘MODERN BATHROOMS,” tells you how to plan, buy and arrange your bath- room, and illustrates many beautiful and inexpensive rooms, showing the cost of each fixture in detail, together with many hints on decoration, tiling, etc. It is the handsomest booklet of its kind, and contains 100 interesting pages. The’ ABOVE INTERIOR, No. P-27, costing approximately $90.00—not counting piping and labor —is described in detail among the others. FREE for six cents postage. CAUTION: Every piece of “Standard” Ware bears our “Statdard’ ‘‘ Green and Gold’’ guarantee label, and has our. trade-mark “Standard” cast on the outside. Unless the label and trade-mark are on the fixture, it is not “Standard” Ware. Refuse substitutes—they are all inferior and will cost you more in the end. Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co. Dept.23_ PITTSBURGH, PA. Offices and Showrooms in New York: “Ststdatd” Building, 35-37 West 31st St. London, England: 22 Holborn Viaduct, E.C. NOW IS THE TIME to think about your HOTBED SASH AND FRAMES. = Don’t let Jack Frost jog you on this little matter. | fl We have every reason to feel that our sash and ‘ frames are a good bit better and therefore cheaper than CD alee | others. Perhaps not fancy, but in every way made ae with an idea of efficiency in construction and con- Sliding venience. All that is good in the mortise, steel pin Eun in Co. dowels, cypress wood, lead joints, etc., are employed. x ih 2 Take the regular stock size, 3x6 feet, spaced for N. Y. 10-inch glass, finished and painted complete for $3.00. Then one at $1.10 each. Freight allowance made. But you'd better write for full information ; ee SO satisfactory. _BURNHAM HITCHINGS PIERSON Co. Builders of Greenhouses, Large and Small HOME OFFICE AT 1137 BROADWAY BRANCH, TREMONT BLDG. NEW YORK BOSTON The Cantslip Bathtub Appliance Co. 56-58 Pine Street, New York =SS > AWN vie i AMERICAN Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year Swe bP EMBER, ~ 19.05 THE TERRACE ENTRANCE—“ Woodcrest ” THE GARDEN—‘ Woodcrest ”’ MOonTHLY COMMENT NoTaBLeE AMERICAN Homes—“ Woodcrest,” the Estate of James W. Paul, Jr; Esq.; Rad- nor, Pennsylvania By Barr Ferree THE RESIDENCE OF 5S. S. DENNIS, Esa. A SUCCESSFUL SMALL SUBURBAN HOUSE oo VEISSION: 7; LOW GE ORY VARGO MIBRAG Vem CS Onan hala Sark cS cols wabeler lc eae ence ov Soyues A House AT WOODMERE Hers tro HoME BuILpING: Living in the House THE AUTUMN BULB PLANTING How A VALUELESS SUBURBAN PLACE WAS CONVERTED INTO A PRODUCTIVE ESTATE. By S. L. de Fabry AUTUMN WORK IN THE GARDEN By Ida D. Bennett SCIENCE FOR THE HoME: Plumbing on the Farm A LittrLe FRIEND OF THE ROSE FirE PROTECTION: Safeguarding Temporary Structures SREE TP RAINING OF CAVALRY OBPICERSIIN RANGE. qiqce cad 2 3) s)e oe eran .By D. A. Willey Harvarp’s BoTANic GARDEN By Mary Caroline Crawford Tue HousenHoLtp: Household Decoration—The Man or the Woman—Which ?—Household Civic BETTERMENT: Ways to Help: The Body Politic—Is the Billboard to Go? THE OBSERVER’S NoTe-Book: “‘ Ghost Flowers ” The Architect and His Charges. Publishers’ Department. Fifty Suggestions for the House. New Building Patents. New Books. EW Series of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BUILDING MONTHLY. Established in 1885. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, 1905. Price, 25 cents. $3.00 a year. Combined Rate for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, $5.00 per year. Rate of Subscription of eee ON HOMES AND GARDENS to foreign countries, $4.00 a year. :: :: :: Published Monthly by MUNN & COMPANY, Office of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN. 361 Broadway, New York. [Copyright, 1905, by Munn & Company. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be enclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. The Garden “Woodcrest,” The Estate of James W. Paul, Jr., Esq., Radnor, Pennsylvania AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Number 3 1905 b) a D) —= = £ oF oO Y? The East Terrace la “Woodcrest,” the Estate of James W. Paul, Jr., Esq., Radnor, Pennsylvan 154 Monthly S HOME life deteriorating? Mrs. Henry Mills Alden says it is, and in proof of her assertion draws an interesting picture of the old-type home life, with the various mem- bers of the family busily engaged, of an evening, in quiet domestic work or in read- ing, and contrasts it with the home life of to-day, in which the elder women are away intent on outside activities, the men out at the club, even the boys finding entertainment out- side the home walls. All this is true enough, but, as Mrs. Alden herself points out, it is a tendency of the time rather than any deliberate perversion of home ideals. This new aspect of home life is, however, well worth consideration, even though it is unlikely that the pendulum will swing back to the old-fashioned standards, which have such great written charm, but which few people nowadays care to put into actual practice. Ir is a curious fact that while this changed conception— or rather this new development of the home life—is becom- ing quite universal, the modern home has been improved almost beyond comparison with the homes of our fore- fathers. It is true, there are still few rooms so altogether charming, restful and delightful as the good old Colonial room—the genuine article, if you please, not the modern imitation. For pure charm, thoroughly permeating in its effect, no modern rooms, as a whole, can compete with it. But the modern room is better adapted to modern needs, and the modern house, as a whole, is a much more habitable dwelling than the old house ever was or could be. More- over, nothing is now spared to make the modern home as attractive as possible—neither expense nor effort is avoided to accomplish this end; and yet, strange as it appears, the tendency of modern home life is away from the house, and our pleasant modern apartments are seldom used for the quiet, restful purposes of home life. NOTWITHSTANDING this there is no reason to look for- ward to the extinction of the house as a dwelling. If that condition arises it will not be from pure neglect of the house, but because, in the cities at least, the pressure of population will become so great that space can be had only for the most necessary apartments, and each person have, in short, but a small sleeping place, the whole of the day’s life, both for work and for recreation, being passed elsewhere. Even this will be no new thing, for the splendid buildings erected in ancient Rome as places of public resort met an absolute need in giving the citizens a common meeting place and a common play place where much of the daily Roman life was spent. Things have changed greatly since those days, when now every laborer seeks to own his own home, and in many cases has it. AMERICAN artists, as a class, do not form a highly re- spected portion of the community. ‘The work they do con- tributes nothing to the physical necessities of mankind, and its intellectual value, counted as mental food, is not much considered. ‘They are of a jealous and quarrelsome disposi- tion, attaching unusual importance to minor things, working in a way that no one not an artist thinks laborious, doing pretty much as they please and when they please. They do not seem to be governed by the ordinary rules of life, and eke out a precarious existence in a way that few understand AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 Comment and appreciate. It is a significant fact that the most success- ful art exhibitions in America—those of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia—have been ar- ranged and conducted by a layman; while the exhibitions in New York, which are entirely controlled by artists, are only important because they happen to be held in the metropolis. The single important thing the artists as a body have accom- plished in New York has been the organization of the Fine Arts Federation, which was started by an architect, but which, representing all the art societies of the metropolis, has actually attained political importance by being designated in the city charter as the body to make nominations from which the Mayor shall select the appointed members of the Mu- nicipal Fine Arts Commission. Yet neither artistic merit nor achievement lay at the bottom of this, for at the organization of the Federation a certain group of societies, which had the word “art” in their title, were invited to form it, irrespec- tive of the artistic achievements of its members or its own artistic worth. Things might be better managed now; but this is literally what happened when the Fine Arts Federa- tion was organized about ten years ago. Pror. J LAuRENCE LAUGHLIN has performed a much- needed public service in his discussion of great fortunes in the Atlantic Monthly. The prejudice against large accumu- lations of wealth by those who have not accumulated it has been so pronounced and outspoken that some careful, thoughtful words on the subject have long been needed. Prof. Laughlin rightly recognizes these protests as a form of public clamor originating in an unthinking manner and developed with unthinking venom. His article, while not published in an organ likely to be read by the protestants against wealth, must do much good. His subject, in a nut- shell, he says, is this: The indictment of all wealth without discrimination is folly; for large fortunes may be honorably won and honorably spent, fortunes honorably won may be dishonorably spent, and fortunes may be dishonorably won and dishonorably spent. ‘This is.a sane, cautious and sound statement of the case, and deserves the very widest circula- tion. In the course of his argument Prof. Laughlin cites two notable examples of the creation of large fortunes, both by the building of railroads. One is that of Baron Hirsch, who gained a large fortune by the building of railroads in southeastern Europe; the other is that of the first Vanderbilt, whose railroad building sagacity opened up connection be- tween the Great Lakes and the Atlantic, and paved the way for further developments in the West. Prof. Laughlin rightly points out that if each of these railroad pioneers, both of whom ventured much in their enterprises, took out fifty or more millions each, they only did so because, at the same time, they created vast new wealth in the regions which they developed. ‘This is a very clear statement of the origin of two great modern fortunes, and Prof. Laughlin cites other instances, which make evident the necessity of knowing what one is talking about before unfair and unjust criticism of wealth is indulged in. Much of this talk is pure envy and spite, and is only significant because it is heard on every side, and is as misleading as it is unwise. Prof. Laughlin’s article must greatly help in bringing about a truer view of the case. It is sound and wise in every particular, characterized by great good sense ably applied to a most important topic. It is not the less so because it emanates from a professor in the University of Chicago. ; September, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS I UN UNA Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree “Woodcrest,” CHE estate of Mr. Paul at Radnor is a \i property of about three hundred acres, sit- uated in the center of the lovely rolling country which is characteristic of the land to the west of Philadelphia. It is a won- derful country that, a region of fine houses, of aaa properties, of finely kept lawns, of highly culti- vated lands, of delicious woods—a veritable park on a great scale, the dwellings for many miles amply spaced within superbly maintained grounds. It is a splendid and beautiful country, stretching for many miles on both sides of the ‘Main qf oF ee the Estate of James W. Paul, Jr., Esq., Radnor, Pennsylvania you leave the entrance, is a pool of water shining brightly in the finely kept lawn, and beyond are the roses and the honey- suckles, which line each side of the angle at the entrance corner. Brilliant as this entrance is you forget it as the horses drive smartly along the entrance road. Vista after vista opens before one. There are trees everywhere, in twos and threes, in singles and in groups, rising from lawns that grow clear up to them. Splendid trees, too, straight as arrows and tall and lofty. Beyond are the woods, so thick and dense as to be forest-like in their effect; with all the underbrush left as - in ai ii : “a PS “Woodcrest ’>—The Great Hall Line”’ of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and so conveniently and so numerously served by trains as to make it one of the most accessible, as it is one of the most charming, of suburban regions. A quick turn in the road brings an illuminated corner into view, a high wall of roses and honeysuckles, brilliantly abloom. Just behind it is the entrance lodge, which one presently discovers to be designed in the same style of archi- tecture as the house. The entrance driveway passes before it, and as one’s carriage swings into the gate one realizes at once that this is an estate quite out of the ordinary. The fine macadam road stretches ahead indefinitely, with no view of the house as yet, nor for some little distance. To the left, as Nature intended it to be, bordered, next the lawn, with row after row of rhododendrons planted in graceful curves, borders of rare brilliancy in the early spring, growing exactly where they will best grow, and adding many superb splashes of color to the many tones of green with which the landscape is bounded. Further on are rows of honeysuckles, and then roses, with more rhododendrons. The carriage moves rapidly on; the drive makes many a graceful turn; the trees assume fresh combinations; the rhododendron borders continue their endless curves, and still no hint of the house. Had the approach been planned to enhance the size of the place, it could not have been better managed; but as a matter of fact the house has been placed 156 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS “Wocdcrest’”—The Terrace Front “Woodcrest” —The Entrance and Courtyard September, 1905 September, 1905 exactly where it seemed best to place it, and the length of the approaching driveway was determined quite without the effect it might have on the visitor. Presently a row of thickly planted cedars comes into view, and above them are the gables of the house. The logical center of the property has now been reached. ‘The ascent has been so gradual that one does not realize one has attained to a considerable elevation, an eftect that is increased by the fact that the house and stable—the main entrance of the house stable directly facing the main entrance of the house, although both buildings are widely separated by spacious lawns—are built on a plateau, the land falling away only at some distance from the buildings. The cedars, you presently discover, inclose the laundry yard and entirely surround the kitchen wing of the house; surround it so closely and so completely that scarce a hint of the uses of this part of the house is apparent. The first drive- way leads to the kitchen door, a second to the main entrance, \ acct bt Braet Ey > H mets swe B AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 157 the center of the main wall, and is almost chapel-like in aspect, with slightly curved arches, gable end and buttresses. Varied and interesting as this entrance front is, the archi- tectural character of the house is best shown in the corre- sponding front on the other side, called the terrace front, although a terrace surrounds the house on every side except at the entrance. “The scheme here is quite different, for the wings at either end are of stone in both stories, with half- timbered gables, with richly carved cornices of very dark wood. ‘The central projection is of stone throughout, in- cluding the gable, and has an ornamental centerpiece, a round arched doorway below, with a carved band and lions below the great upper window, which has a fine architectural frame surmounted with a balustrade below the simpler windows in the gable. The connecting wall between this center and the wings is half-timber in the upper story, the larger windows cutting the roof and capped with pointed gables with carved wood hoods. Large and small dormers in the roof complete “Woodcrest °—The Smoking-Room and between the two, and on the side beyond, are many ever- greens, beautiful little trees of every conceivable shape, size and color, growing with a lustiness that foreshadows a wonderful future. The screen of cedars follows the kitchen wall so closely, around to the porte-cochere, that one wonders they keep their form and color; it is an introductory hint to the great care lavished on every tree and shrub of the estate that such re- sults can be obtained in a situation which, if not unfavorable, is certainly not calculated to produce the best results. Thus through a forecourt of evergreens one reaches the house. The porte-cochére is in an open courtyard, surrounded by the house on three sides. The main building is of stone, two stories in height, with a third story in the deeply sloping roof. The upper story of the wings is in half-timber work. In each inner corner is a square stone tower, surmounted by a low curved roof or dome. ‘The porte-cochere is directly in the features of this front, which is at once varied and har- monious, stately and dignified. And it is enlivened, beautified and completed by a most remarkable and superb collection of evergreens planted close around the terrace on all three sides. ‘The terrace itself is inclosed within low evergreens, and below, on the hillside, is the splendid collection—numbering nearly one thousand three hundred trees—which are at once the special pride and delight of the owner and the chief plant distinction of the place. A wonderful mass of color it is, of greens and yellows of every possible shade, growing so closely together that there scarce seems room for a single tree more, and yet each growing finely, as though each had all the space in the world. At the steps, top and bottom, are pairs of English golden yews, a rare and unusual tree, growing luxuriantly and quite adapted to its new habitat. On the terrace are many bay trees, golden yews on each side of the main doorway, and 158 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDE September, 1905 Ro ! ‘A | imal Pe say EI : “Woodcrest ’’—The Dining-Room September, 1905 the lower walls are thickly overgrown with vines, which, in time, no doubt will completely cover all the stonework. Then within. The door at the porte-cochére opens im- mediately into the hall, an immense room, two stories in height, and extending clear through the house to the main door on the terrace. It is lined throughout with oak, the wall surfaces being divided into bays by paneled pilasters: single great arches below, two arches to a bay above. The lower arches are openings to corridors, or recesses, one of which contains a fireplace, and all large enough to serve as ingle-nooks. The upper arches inclose an ambulatory car- ried completely around the hall, adding vastly to the interest of the perspectives seen from below, as well as to the spacious- ness of a room already large in its own proper dimensions. The beamed ceiling is dull red, with borders of brown; the ambulatory ceiling is of solid red. There is no central chan- delier in the hall, which is lighted by side lights. The rug, ie PHASE LEREEDRA LES RIESE SSIES EASES? ly ls which covers almost all of the floor, is green, and there is much green furniture. A great, carved table stands in the center, and pots and jars with growing plants are disposed in the corners and at the arches. On each side of the hall the central bay opens into a pas- sage, with an arched coffered ceiling, that leads to the other rooms. The walls are paneled throughout.. These passages are necessarily dark in the daytime, since they receive light only from the ends and from the doors on the sides; but great globes of electric lights brilliantly illumine them at night and bring out admirably the well-studied detail with which they are finished. The passage to the left, as one enters from the porte-cochere, leads to the dining-room; the corresponding passage on the other side is the approach to the library. The reception-room is to the right of the passage to the dining-room. The walls are hung with drab silk, with AMERICAN HOMES “Woodcrest” —The Morning-Room AND “GARDENS 159 borders of darker hue, embroidered in flat colors. The wain- scot is white wood, as well as the door frame. The curtains are the same material and color as the walls. ‘he furniture is gilt with tapestry covering. The mantel is white marble. It is a small room, lighted by a large baywindow, but very soft and charming in color and in furnishing. The dining-room and breakfast-room are practically one apartment, the latter being but an extension of the former. The dining-room opens directly from the passage from the hall, and being used only in the evenings is somewhat dark in comparison with the further portion set apart as a break- fast-room, and used also as a dining-room when the family is small. The woodwork is oak, the walls, hung with red damask, being divided into panels by pilasters, which support a shallow but richly carved frieze. The ceiling is of white plaster, with decorated ribs arranged in an interlacing de- sign. The rug and curtains are red. The fireplace, of stone, P $I NP PIG, Xa a igh ones HOA The andirons are of bronze carrying standing figures. The room is lighted by brackets applied to the pilasters, and a number of family portraits are hung against the walls. At one end is a superb French cabinet, with a portrait painted on the central panel, and containing a magnificent collection of rare old porcelain is surmounted with an overmantel in relief. and glass. The breakfast-room is practically identical with the dining-room in treatment and in color, but the walls have no pilasters, and the more ample windows make it a much more brilliantly lighted apartment, and one entirely suited to its purpose. A window in the dining-room opens onto a side porch, spacious enough to be used as an outdoor room, and furnished accordingly. It attords many charming glimpses of the surrounding country. From the dining-room a door and passage lead im- mediately to the serving-room and pantry, and connect with the kitchen and cellars. The kitchen wing is entirely given AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 ““ Woodcrest” —The Breakfast-Room up to the servants, both on this floor and above. Every possible convenience and device is here for the important work done in these rooms. a . E/, bs << ANEESRIVe AN] TOMES AND.” (G2AGRaDEES NES 175 Glory of the Early Spring—A Tasteful Planting of Hyacinths with the magnolias, and help to form one of the most de- lightful flower seasons of the year. ‘Iwo of the prettiest sorts, poeticus and its double form, like drier ground than the others. Most of the sturdier narcissi, like Golden Spur, Princeps, Sir Watkin, Orange Pheenix and Trumpet Major, increase rapidly, soon thickening up their colonies into masses of white and gold. It is possible, also, to naturalize tulips and hyacinths in woodland or waste places, where the soil is sandy or flaky, with old leaf mold. For this purpose we use principally bulbs that have been forced in winter, and do not expect them to make a great show until they have been planted for two or three years. The Arrangement i Gm Flovar HAT the arrangement of cut flowers for the house should be an art, highly developed and specialized, requiring many years of practice for its perfecting and a keenly developed taste, is an idea that strikes the Western mind as something incomprehensible, a need- less task, a waste of energy. Fortunately for the develop- ment of Western floral taste, this is no longer regarded as useless study or needless effort. Acquaintanceship with Japan and with things Japanese has brought no more lovely knowledge to the West than the wonderful insight of the Japanese into the art of floral arrangement. The Western idea may be broadly stated as simply putting flowers into any convenient receptacle. The Japanese idea is to use a flower as a decoration, as something to decorate a room with, to give it life and vitality, and to give these things in the most artistic and direct way possible. The difference be- tween the two ideas is as broad as the ocean which separates America from Japan. But we are learning the lessons taught by the Japanese in floral arrangement, and we are learning them faster every day. But the Japanese puts no speed into his work. ‘The ar- rangement of a group of flowers with him is a matter of profound study. Every possible aspect of the disposition of the flower must be studied and its final destination con- sidered before the task can be adjudged complete. There is, of course, a great difference between Japanese and American rooms which is quite fundamental. The Japanese room contains almost no furniture; it is, to Western minds, very bare. The American room is often chiefly furniture, so ponderously is it filled with tables and chairs, so thickly are its walls hung with pictures and prints. A single vase of flowers, in the simply appointed Japanese room, counts for a great deal more than it would in an American apartment. In the former, it may be the one chief object of beauty; it will be just as beautiful in the American room, but its beauty must stand competition with a multitude of objects that bear no relation to it. A few simple statements will make clear some of the ele- mentary principles of the arrangement of cut flowers. Flowers of one kind only should be placed in a single vessel. Try the separated and the compound methods, and the value of the former will be indisputably established. So true is this that often the best effect can only be obtained when flowers of a single color are placed together. Another ex- cellent rule is not to crowd too many flowers into a single receptacle. The most beautiful will lose much of their charm if so arranged. 176 | AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 How a Valueless Suburban Place was Converted into a Productive Estate By S. L. de Fabry ANY owners of small country or suburban estates find themselves with a few acres of surplus land for which they have no use, except that they are a source of expense to maintain in harmony with the surroundings and well-laid-out grounds near the house. Noronne country place as a summer residence is expensive, and only the wealthy can afford this luxury. A few acres nicely situated in communicating distance to the city is within the reach of the man with a moderate income, and I think the ideal of the simple life, as it is not only healthful and invigorating, but diverts the mind from the monotony and strenuous efforts of business to the varied pleasures of out- door life and creates an interest in the average man for almost suburban location and convenience. As an invest- ment for returns it was valueless. The owner was not pre- pared to keep a summer home and a city residence, and therefore decided to make the place his permanent home and try to get some returns out of the thirteen acres available to cultivation. Being ignorant of the ways of agriculture, the services of an expert in this line were engaged. Slowly but surely the transformation began. One nice day I was led through a bewildering array of plants, planted in rows and hills. There were cabbage, turnips, beets and sweet corn, flanked by beans, peas and parsley. “Tomato patches were bordered with something crawling, which proved to be squash. Soon hoeing time came. Additional labor had to be en- A Modest Cottage on Top of a Hill Surrounded by Two Acres of Old Shade Trees, Lawn, and Shrubbery, Laid Out Like a Miniature Park nature and its workings. In the following the evolution of a small country seat into a self-supporting estate is described, the feature of interest being that the owner had not the slight- est knowledge of agriculture at the time the place came into his possession. The success obtained seemed the result of close REE of the situation, facing all disappointments by renewed and better effort, until the results were satisfactory. The place consisted of fifteen acres, beautifully located on rolling land near the seashore, close to the city. The modest cottage, on top of a hill, is surrounded by two acres of old shade, lawn and shrubbery, laid out like a miniature park. In outbuildings there were at that time a nice barn, car- riage house, horse and cow stalls and a thirty-foot hothouse. The price paid for the place was reasonable, considering its gaged to keep the weeds down. Everything looked lovely, and the writer commenced to figure on “the lowest esti- mate ”’ which the crops would bring. That summer we had unusually dry weather. One morn- ing I noticed a field of green peas in full bloom getting yellow on the stems near the ground. My suspicions were aroused. I examined the blossoms, and found them full of little green bugs sucking the sap out of the plants. ‘There were no green peas to market that summer. ‘The beans, wax and green podded, “stood well,” I was told. The trouble must have been that their standing must have been good with everybody else. After shipping a week or so to a commission merchant, I found out that after deducting gathering, baskets, freights and commissions, I had lost five cents on every basket shipped. September, 1905 ACNE EARe ve AUNS SEO MES AND GARDENS I ~I ~I The Orchard Beginning to Bloom The tomatoes also proved a fine crop. The only difference here was that they were a “little late,” and I lost seven instead of five cents on every crate. I commenced to hate “fine crops ’’; I was looking for something not so bountiful. Several thousand plants of late cabbage were set out. The cabbage worm, not I, got the crop. The worst were the sympathetic inquiries of my city friends. It was really aggravating. That fall I dispensed with the expert’s serv- ices. In his stead, an unassuming individual, who could handle a plow and cultivator, was engaged for less wages, but strict orders to follow instructions. No advice but obedience was wanted. Profiting by my experience, I concluded, to be successful, I must learn myself. The first consideration was my limited space, and quite logically I decided to grow for quality, not quantity. To produce something better than the ordinary was the aim, and in this to receive a better price the point. Having fixed in my mind what I was to grow, I spent con- siderable spare time that winter with books. I soon found out they treat the subject ‘‘ too lengthy’ for an amateur to grasp. Articles on special culture, such as appear frequently in this magazine, were of most benefit to me. They are easily comprehended and can be referred to when wanted. {nsectides and fungous diseases were absorbed. Their theory is far from practice. Culture and to keep troublesome in- sects in check are necessary, but they do not produce results beyond the ordinary. To obtain these, one must know the necessary application which constitutes “ intensive” culture. The plant food supplied each individual specie must be far in excess as supplied by the ordinary grower, thus ob- taining more in size, flavor and productiveness than he. Start- ing with proper soil preparation, the supply of nitrogen, phos- phoric acid and potash must be applied in such proportions as to stimulate the entire energy of the plant to the utmost vigor. The next spring the thirteen acres were laid out in the follow- ing manner: Eight acres were devoted to vegetables. One acre (alongside a brook) seeded in a permanent pasture. Four acres planted out in a mixed orchard. In young fruit trees, only carefully selected stock of extra quality was con- sidered. They were set out: Spring Plowing Spraying the Trees in the Orchard A Field of Bush Lima Beans as a Second Crop Peaches: Wheatland, Elberta, Triumph. Japanese plums: Satsuma, Wickson, Burbank, Abundance, Simoni. European plums: Claude de Bavay. Prunes: German and Hungarian. Pears: Anjou, Angouleme, Bartlett. Trees were set out eighteen to twenty feet apart, correctly trimmed back. All thrived. Leguminous crops, such as bush beans and peas, were planted between the trees the first three years, and after gathered in, plowed under green, the humus so obtained and nitrogen made available forcing the building up of the wood structure. Peaches treated this way showed a yearly growth from three to three and one- half feet. They were carefully sprayed, cut back and thinned out to proper crown formation. Every spring peach trees, at their first bearing, were thinned out by hand to one hun- dred and twenty-five peaches per tree, allowing fifty more for each year. Result, twice the size ordinarily obtained. Plum and pear trees received the same attention. Care was taken at planting time to set out the trees in alternate rows, so as to obtain perfect fruit blossom pollenization. Between some pears and plums the ground was used to plant a large strawberry. At the first crop the size was found satisfactory, but not the flavor. Seeds of the small but highly flavored German forest berry were imported, plants grown from them and set out in the beds. “Through the cross-breeding the size was retained and the flavor so im- proved that as much as thirty-five cents per quart for ‘fancies ’ was obtained. In vegetables three acres of one-year-old Palmetto roots of asparagus were planted; rows six feet apart, stools three feet in the row. They were put under ‘intensive’ cultivation. _Be- tween the rows, for two years, light crops of peas, beans, celery and lettuce were planted, so the loss of ground during the non- productive period was very slight. Contrary to usage, they were cut first time four years after planted, or five years old. The results obtained fully war- ranted the prolonged idleness. The plants showed such vigor as to reach a height of nearly six feet one month after eight weeks’ cutting. Of late only imported French early Argenteuil asparagus is grown. Seed is imported and 178 roots grown from them. ‘The balance of the land is laid out in small plots, where extra early peas, English bush lima and French stringless beans and celery are grown in succession. Always two crops are harvested the same season on open land. Extra early peas and beans are plowed under in June; after gathering is over the land is quickly prepared, manured and replanted. Bush limas, stringless beans and celery follow peas; millet and corn fodder, string beans. ‘The nitrogen made available by this process is especially beneficial to the young celery plants, and only phosphoric acid and potash containing fertilizers are necessary to give the second crop the balanced plant food. All products are guaranteed, and if anything, through oversight, is found to be not in accordance with the standard obtained, credit is given and charged to profit and loss ac- count. Only new, attractive packages, properly labeled, are used. Nothing but “ left-overs ”’ are shipped to commission dealers. ‘The prevailing produce market quotations have absolutely no influence on quotations given. Therefore, only buyers who desire something superior than can be obtained in the open market are sought. As in every successful business, expenses are reduced to a minimum and nothing is wasted. ‘Two horses are kept; a AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 Jersey supplies milk and butter. Surplus of the latter is sold locally in enough quantities to pay for her feed. Thorough- bred fowls supply eggs and meat, with enough to sell to make them self-supporting. In help only two men are kept the year round. Additional labor is employed in busy season. ‘The hothouse is largely extended, and asparagus is forced in winter by the French method. Hotbeds supply romaine lettuce and radish in quantities during the cold months. The place has yielded fifteen per cent. on the investment, with a surety for still better returns if fully developed. As high as $400 per acre, under most favorable conditions, have been grown. ‘The actual operating expenses, which in- clude improvement, help, seeds, materials, feed and sundries, are carefully watched, and rent, vegetables, fruits, butter, milk and eggs for family use are credited on the right side of the ledger. And last, but not least, the property, as a revenue-bearing investment, has naturally largely increased as to its intrinsic value, which is the happiest feature of the experiment, as there is a great satisfaction in seeing one’s earnest efforts crowned with success. On the whole, the record is a remark- able one and the results most interesting. Autumn Work in the Garden By Ida D. Bennett of the garden begins to wane, unless one has a convenient water system and can, by turning the hose on the plants visited by the frost, preserve, for a few days or weeks C longer, the beauty of bloom and leafage. ‘Phese warm, mellow days that come after frost are very lovely and very useful, too, in ripening the wood of hardy shrubs and the bulbs of plants like the cannas and caladium. Lilies, too, which have passed through a genial Indian sum- mer are apt to stand the rigors of the winter better than if subjected to the soaking of chill rain and sleet before the sea- son for their long winter sleep arrives. But when at last the frosty nights of October usher in thoughts of winter, a sea- son of activity, only second to that of spring, begins in the garden. All cannas, dahlias, gladioluses and other bulbs that need protection of the house or cellar must be dug and given the necessary drying, or curing, in the warm sunshine before packing away in dry sand for the winter. ‘This done, atten- tion should be turned to the annual beds, and all plants pulled or dug up and consigned to the compost heap, after which the beds should be raked clean and level and the paths cleared of all weeds and dead leaves. At this time, too, a close watch should be kept for cut- worms, cocoons of various caterpillars, and all that are found destroyed. Much may be done in this way to reduce the number of worms the coming season. Under the sides of boarding of the house and buildings will be found the chrysalids of the cabbage butterfly, and under steps and similar places will be found the cocoons of the hickory tussock moth and that of the arctea acrea. Along the borders of the beds, between the curbing and the sod, you may look for the cut-worm and destroy him, or he may be baited by mixing a little meal and sweetened water to which has been added a little Paris green and placing it on the freshly raked beds at night, as it is then this worm feeds, remaining dormant during the day. Ass far as is possible all weeds should be eradicated, root and branch, and the lawn and back yard raked clean, removing all litter to a safe distance and burning all noxious matter, as such material left to decay and soak around the house in the winter is a prin- cipal source of diphtheria and typhoid fever; and I have known a case of diphtheria traced directly to a field of decay- ing cabbages near a house, and decayed vegetable matter in a cellar and door yards is responsible for most cases of typhoid fever, and should no more be allowed to remain than poison in a cup from which one is about to drink. This late fall cleaning will also greatly facilitate the spring work in the garden, which is a distinct advantage, as there is always a maximum of work and a minimum of time for every moment of the first spring days. Many plants may be transplanted in the hardy border at this time to advantage. Plants may be divided and reset and every effort made to further the spring gardening. Along this line will be the securing of fresh soil from the woods and marshes and putting it in a convenient pile for the frost to mellow. In the spring it will be difficult to attend to this, as the marshes are usually too wet at this time to get on with a team and the farmers are too busy to attend to it, providing one must depend on their help. It will be well, too, to look out for a supply of well rotted manure, if one’s supply is limited. Later in the winter, when the farmers begin to haul manure from the town stables, it may not be easily obtained. See that all beds containing perennials, especially paeonies, roses, lilies and the like, are elevated sufficiently to shed water, as water standing around the roots of perennials is almost always fatal, and certainly will interfere with per- fection of blooming. If the beds are not high enough add earth from some other bed until it is, and see that there is not a hollow left between the sod and bed for the water to settle in and work back into the bed again. All cold frames should have the surface of the earth above that of the earth outside, and a drain provided in one corner by digging a hole a foot and a half or two feet deep and filling it with stones and broken pottery to carry off the water. This is quite important, as a sudden surface thaw when the earth is frozen may fill the frames with water, which it will be difficult to remove. This happened to my own cold frames a few years ago, when, through confidence in the natural drainage of the land, the precaution had been neglected, and I arose one morning, after a sudden thaw, to find nearly a September, 1905 foot of water in my frames, which had to be removed with a force pump. This winter, when six feet of snow on top of the frames vanished in a night, the frames were found dry and safe, owing to a well constructed drain. Plants situated along the side of porches should be pro- tected from the water dripping from the eaves, as well as from the frost, by placing boards to shed the water. All protection should be given with the plain fact in view that it is given to prevent thawing more than freezing; no amount of protection will prevent the latter when the ground all around is frozen, but it will prevent the cold winds reaching the plants, and the sun shining on them when frozen, and, if properly done, the settling of water around their roots. Dead leaves, evergreen boughs and corn stalks are all excellent for protection, the two last being preferable where plants with evergreen leaves are to be protected, as pansies, carnations and hollyhocks. Dead leaves are not good for these plants, as they freeze around them—unless covered with boxes or boards to shed moisture and keep them dry—and cause them to decay. Evergreen boughs and corn stalks may be piled so as to shed the rain or, where the clumps are isolated, loose boxes—that is, boxes not air-tight, though calculated to shed water—may be turned over and loosely filled with leaves. Plants too tall to be covered should be wrapped with straw and corn stalks; a good way being to stand a few corn stalks around the plants, their ends slanting out enough to shed rain, and to weave the straw in and out through them or stand it straight up, the corn stalks supporting it. Tie closely at the top and more loosely further down. Altheas, though gen- erally considered hardy all over the country, are doubtless benefited by this much protection. The severe winter of 1898-1899 killed every althea in this vicinity, which would not have been the case had they been protected, I think. My own, which on previous winters were cared for, were neg- lected, owing to my absence in the city, and succumbed with the rest, and I shall never risk one unprotected again. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 179 Plants on the east side of the house protected by a wing or building on the north rarely need protection; while plants on the west require special care. All climbing roses, clematis and similar vines will be greatly benefited by having sacking, old carpet or even straw matting tacked over them. ‘This should come well down over their stems and be united with root covering, or the frost may cut them off below the shield. The Boston ivy, which is difficult to establish in our bleak North, may be successfully grown by observing this pre- caution. Window boxes should be looked over, and those containing geraniums and plants that will live over winter consigned to the cellar, while annuals should be removed, the boxes cleaned and stored in a dry place, ready for spring. This is also a good time to visit the marshes for cattails, which make excellent stakes for house plants, especially for fresias and carnations, and whose supports are always much in evidence; every reed, if cut low, will give two or three supports, round, smooth and sightly. Boxes of compost should also be provided for winter pot- ting, as lack of earth for this purpose is often very annoying. Dry sand also will be needed, and material for drainage— charcoal, broken shards and moss. Pots should be given a good scalding with strong soap- suds, as the use of old and dirty pots is a fruitful source of insect pests in the window garden. See that the glass of the cold frames is air and water tight, and provide some sort of water-proof protection in the form of old rugs or mats for severe weather, as it is easier to attend to this while the weather is pleasant than in the midst of a howling blizzard. And while all these various precautions seem a great deal of trouble to take, they are really but little if taken in time; and one is apt to congratulate themselves during the rest of the winter over the forethought that makes peace—as far, at least, as the garden was concerned—possible and the spring work so much easier. Science for the Home Plumbing on the Farm 3 HERE is probably no class of people who, on the whole, so deliberately neglect plumbing problems as presented in the house as the farmer. And it might also be said that few people need the plumber more and need him greatly. It is but fair to point out, however, that the nics is not wholly to blame in this neglect. If he avoids the convenience and value of a plumbing installation in his house it is more apt to be through ignorance of what to do, where to obtain the apparatus, and, above all, dread of the cost involved, than from any real or studied indif- ference to the subject. It may well be questioned if the lack of plumbing facilities on the farm is not more due to the indifference with which the farmer is regarded as a purchaser by the plumber than from any views the farmer may have on the subject. Most large businesses of the present day have been built up through the energy with which their products have been brought to market. The man who lands a customer is apt to value him more highly than the chance purchaser, because the former represents a direct return on the necessary effort to obtain him, and because he also knows that the chance customer would not come along had he not been influenced by some effort, perhaps then impossible to trace. The farmer is a difficult class to reach in any line of manu- factured goods, because he is so widely distributed that the concentrated trade possible in crowded districts is out of the question. It would seem, however, that the field for the extension of plumbing sales among the farmers was so large that it might profitably be cultivated by the plumber and dealer in plumbing supplies. The farmer is a large user of water, for no farming opera- tions can be carried on without it. The installation of a water plant for farm purposes—for use in the market house and barn—is, therefore, one of the first essentials to success- ful farming. This, however, should be but the first step, for a water plant that gives runnng water in the barn can afford the same facility in the kitchen at small additional ex- pense. No farm wife need be told of the superior merits of running water in her kitchen over the old-fashioned well, or the hardly less archaic hand pump. The latter has, of course, some conveniences over the former, but it entails weary work and adds a quite unnecessary burden to the many labors that fall to the wife on the farm. But assuming that running water has been brought into the farm kitchen, the question may well be asked, Why stop there? Why not a bathroom; why not a separate bath- room for the men help? Why not shower baths and all the conveniences that modern plumbing has brought to a rela- tively high degree of efficiency? All these things should fol- low as a matter of course, and no doubt would do so could the farmer be convinced as to their utility and be satisfied that their installation would not cripple his financial resources. The latter point is apt to have more weight than the former. There is unquestionably a large field for business in this direction. AMERICAN HOMES AND GAR DENS September, 1905 A Little Friend of the Rose By S. Frank Aaron AG : : = : Perc ; ; ; It can never be too strongly impressed upon a mind anxious for the acquisition of knowledge that the commonest things by which we are surrounded are deserving of minute and careful attention.’’—RENNIE. HE flower-loving insects are all friends in need; but the unhon- eyed flowers also : have their insect friends, not agents of fertilization only, but protectors and cham- pions that fight the battles of those that must depend on the flower stems and leaves and buds to sur- vive. But though the flowers are voiceless, they tell us with none the less eloquence what their enemies are and how they suffer by them. Ask the rose. ‘The withered, skeletoned leaves proclaim the enmity of the saw-fly slug; eaten leaves and others folded over tell of the larve of the golden-winged tortricid moth; while cankerous, eaten buds and flowers denounce the rose bug, the aphides, that crowd the green stems and leaves of the newer growth and swarm all over the tender buds. Annihilate the aphides upon a dozen stems of a thrifty bush and keep others off; then let a dozen others go full of the lice, and watch results. The number and the beauty of the blossoms will be the answer. Now, Nature generally makes a wise effort to strike a proper balance, and though we have heard this denied con- cerning the potato beetle, yet it is true, more or less. she has furnished several antidotes for the aphis; if she did not the little pests would become a nuisance indeed, past all calculation. This salutary purpose is effected by the several larve of the syrphus fly, the lace-winged fly, the ladybug and a number of very small Hymenopter- ous parasites. Of these latter the most interesting and the most com- mon is the pretty little fly known to the scientists as Praon, which may be called the cocoon-making parasite of the aphis. Any one with sharp eyes may discover this little friend of the rose at work, and may follow, witha little care, its complete life history. At the time when the plant lice are thickest a small insect resembling a miniature wasp, or an ichneumon fly, which it really is, may be seen making its way among the fat aphides, moving leisurely and with a dignity quite beyond its size, for it usually is not longer than an eighth of an inch. It approaches one of Little Friends of the Rose at Work among a Herd of Plant Lice @ Any one carefully and frequently inspecting the rose bushes and the aphides gathered on the green and tender new growth may see enacted the small tragedies between the parasite fly and its victims. Thus Miniature Pig Sticking, as seenthrough Magnifying Glass @ The fly of the rose aphis parasite stinging and laying its egg in the body of a rose aphis. The plump little plant lice look like hybrids between a verdant goat and a green pig and they get about much like overfat swine. ‘Their inactivity permits them to be readily attacked, and their only attempt at defense is in wagging their bodies from side to side, which sometimes for a moment disconcerts the parasite fly. the larger aphides and touches it with its antennae as a means of certain identification, scent far outranking sight in such matters among insects. If this were an ant the aphis would respond with a liberal supply of the coveted honeydew, but knowing friends trom foes it now slings its body from side to side, quite violently indeed for such a lethargic crea- ture, and the little fly is pushed aside. Not liking this it moves on to another or smaller aphid with a less vigorous movement, or pausing a moment attacks the same aphis again, with perhaps better results. Choosing its posi- tion deliberately and carefully, with its slender, stiltlike legs lift- ing it high, it widely straddles its victim, its fore legs often resting on the aphid’s back, its slender body and long antenne much jostled by the agitated plant louse. But now the fly is not to be dis- lodged. Its keen, swordlike ovi- positor protrudes from its sheath and in a moment is thrust deep into the back of the plant louse, and is held for just another mo- ment, until an egg, so tiny as to pass through the slender organ, is deposited into the very interior anatomy of the rose pest. fly straddles off and proceeds at once to convert another aphis Then withdrawing, the into an incubator, and so on, until no doubt the egg supply, perhaps fifty or more, becomes exhausted. Of course the aphis so treated does not die at once, else Nature’s plan would miscarry. It lives and goes on feeding and maintaining the same stiff and seemingly contented attitude for a little while. Mean- time the egg hatches a minute, white, maggot-like larva, and this at once begins feeding on the soft muscular tissues of its host. Some little time is required for the larva to complete its growth—five or six days during very warm weather, longer when it is cool. With an instinct that has ever been a marvel to the naturalist the little larva does not touch the digestive organs, the vascular sys- tem or the more important nerves for a period, thus permitting the aphis to live and feed until the ap- petite and growth of the parasite warrant it to eat all before it. Then the aphis dies, of course, and rapidly September, 1905 becomes only an outer skin, with head and legs attached. For some strange reason the aphis, not long before dying, forsakes its place among its fellows. As if ostra- cized for its condition, although its disease is hardly catching, it crawls away to one of the larger leaves, fastens upon it in exile and thus re- mains. It is obvious that this benefits the parasite; the aphis here is far less apt to be found and attacked by numerous other enemies that would endanger the life of its guest. But what can influence it? It departs from its habit, for it is altogether social and non-migratory. It removes to a less desirable pasture ground. Normally, if dislodged from the stem and falling on the leaves it crawls back as fast as its indolent legs permit to the stem again. ‘The parasite is alone bene- fited, but it is out of the world, so to speak; it can not get at its host’s loco- motory appendages; it is a legless, eyeless creature that at best would make a poor guide if it should get out and take the lead. But the little thing, as unintelligent as it looks, maggot-like, has perhaps a mind of its own, as we have seen. The habit I ee AMERICAN HOMES The Parasite of the Rose Aphis, much magnified @ The upper figure is the fly as seen from above; the colors, black, rufous red and yellow, have almost a metallic luster, and the delicate, transparent wings reflect a beautiful iridescence. The lower figure is the cocoon of the parasite beneath the dead, dried and distorted shell of a plant louse, the insides of which have been eaten by the parasite larva while attaining its growth, after which it makes the cocoon. in the circles indicate the natural size. AN D 4G@ArR DEIN 'S 181 is almost invariable; the victims craw] from their usual places and_posi- tion themselves on the leaves. Out of seventy-one parasitized plant lice I found two on the stem and one on the tip end of a thorn, as if it thought a leaf ought to grow out there, but was too far gone to search elsewhere. Upon attaining its growth the para- site larva cuts open the aphis skin underneath and squirms part way out, so as to have full swing with its head end. ‘Then it begins the construction of its cocoon, made, as with most in- sects, of its saliva, and eventually be- coming, after a few hours’ work, a silken, parchment-like, bulging, tent- shaped affair, upon which the now shrunken and distorted skin of the aphis rests as on a pedestal. The parasite enters the completed cocoon and becomes an inactive pupa or chrysalis, and in a few days thereafter, if it is warm, the perfect insect, the tiny fly, emerges and takes wing to work more mischief among the rose pests. The illustrations fully elucidate the facts set forth in the text. They present a wonderful insight into a small natural force, not the less mas- The little figures : ints ¥ terful because of its mimic scale. Lemwoete 6 ti) on Safeguarding Temporary Structures HE danger from fire to which any structure, large or small, is subjected, unless it be built in accordance with the most approved ideas concerning fireproof erections, is so imminent that only the most carefully constructed buildings can be looked upon as other than hazardous risks. Temporary structures do not escape this rule, and often require quite as much care in their construc- tion and need as much protection against fire as permanent erections. It is not many years ago that the whole civilized world was shocked at the dreadful catastrophe of the burning of the Paris Charity Bazaar. It occurred on May 4, 1897, and resulted in a terrible loss of life. It was occasioned by care- lessness in the use of a lamp attached to the cinematograph. The flames spread with prodigious rapidity, and one of the most unnecessary of modern tragedies was enacted within a very short time. The building was a temporary one, but had previously been used for theatrical purposes. It was fairly well supplied with exits, one of which was locked or bolted at the time; but the flames spread with unparalleled rapidity, and the ruin was complete almost before the nature of the trouble had been realized. Many experts and many learned committees investigated this fire and drew up voluminous reports and papers concerning it, all of which pointed to one general conclusion: the need of greater care and the necessity for greater protection against fire dangers as urgent in structures of this class as in more permanent buildings. More recently a somewhat similar case has attracted at- tention in England, fortunately without loss of life. A Lon- don man of wealth had built a temporary supper-room behind his house for use in an extensive entertainment he was about to give. It was totally destroyed by fire immediately before the time set, occasioned by improper electric insulation. There was no loss of life, as has been said, because the room had not come into use; but subsequent investigation demonstrated conclusively that had the fire occurred when the room was in use there would have been a calamitous catastrophe. The owner of the premises brought suit against the caterer who had arranged the room, but the jury failed to give him damages. This, however, is something quite apart from the im- portant lessons to be drawn from the affair. The suit for damages attracted wide attention, since temporary ballrooms and temporary supper-rooms are quite common in London and elsewhere on the occasion of large entertainments. It was found that absolutely no provision had been made for fire or other danger. Not a single pail of water had been provided, nor a hand pump nor fire extinguisher of any sort. The temporary wiring was admittedly of the most dangerous sort, and yet no protection had been provided for use in any sort of emergency. ‘The very situation of the room was also found to be dangerous: it was built over back additions to the house, and had only two exits; had any one attempted to break through the canvas walls he would have fallen into a deep area. Buildings of this description are not erected every day, nor does every one have occasion to use them. Catastrophies in connection with them are, moreover, comparatively rare; but it is a singular thing that when fire does arise in them the resulting injuries are likely to be very heavy as well as thor- oughly unnecessary. 182 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 The Training of Cavalry Officers in France By D. A. Willey JHE military strength of France is repre- sented by an army of six hundred thou- sand, of whom thirty thousand are of- ficers. To educate the officers in the infantry, artillery, cavalry and engi- neering branches twenty-three schools have been established in various sections of the republic. Of these the infantry and cavalry school at St. Cyr is perhaps the best known outside of France. The engineer and artillery officers are trained principally at Fontaine- bleau. At Saumur, however, the great majority of subaltern cavalry officers receive their education, enter- ing the institution as cadets. Saumur is the largest of the series of schools, and such is the system pursued that it differs radically from those of any other country. Possibly Fort Riley is the nearest approach; but only non-commissioned officers and troopers are taught horsemanship in Kansas, while many of the graduates of Saumur hold the rank of lieutenant. It is needless to say that the cavalry arm of the French service is one of the most important. Each of the various regiments is composed of five squadrons, making a total strength of twenty-five oficers and seven hun- dred men. Consequently special facilities are re- quired to train the of- ficers, as upon them rests the responsibility for the eficiency of their com- mands. ‘The course pur- sued at Saumur, how- ever, 1s sufficiently rigor- ous to convert a man into a veteran horseman so far as mere skill is con- cerned. It embraces not only the ordinary in- struction in riding, but twee eae: r. Rane tReet Over the Bar with a Good Seat are probably the best equestrians in Europe on account of the instruction they receive at the institution referred to. The first lessons given the novice are in knowl- edge of his mount. He becomes so experienced that he can detect the slightest sense of vicious- ness in the animal. Thus when riding him for the first time he is on the alert for any tricks which the animal may try to play upon him. ‘To acquire a seat, he is first given a horse thoroughly broken in all the gaits and a gentle animal, using an ordinary single bit, but a performances in the Throne» thewlloeere Eiean blanket in lieu of a sad- saddle which are on a dle. This is the course par with the feats of the Rough Riders, the Western ranch- followed at some of the American cadet schools, in order men, and far excel the achievements of the average circus that the rider may get the proper grip with the knees and performer. Next to the Italians, the French cavalry officers balance himself to the motions of the horse; but this is only one chapter in the management of a horse at Saumur. The expert cavalry officer is expected to be able to keep a firm seat on any sort of mount, no matter how frac- tious or vicious, and to perfect him horses are trained purposely to kick, balk, rear and even “ buck ” like the Western broncos. Frequently thoroughbreds are se- lected for this purpose, as they are far more mettlesome. In some cases the horse is provided with a special har- ness. By various manipulations of the reins attached to the harness his movements are controlled. For example, a twitch of the rein on one side causes him to kick with his fore feet, while a twitch of the opposite rein makes him kick out behind. Taking his seat in the saddle, the novice assumes the usual positions. The horse is generally placed between two posts padded with leather, so that neither animal nor rider will be injured by coming in contact with them. The horse is hitched between the posts with broad straps of leather or canvas attached to the head- gear, so that it is impossible for him to break loose. SESSas {ea oe i Lieutenant de Kies Leaping a Dinner Table September, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 183 Not as Quiet as He Seems He is then put through a course of “stunts ’’ which seldom fails to dismount the rider, who is unaccustomed to these movements, no matter how proficient he may be in trotting, loping or even going over hurdles. While he may be thrown sidewise from the saddle or backward, quite frequently he is thrown over the animal’s head and into the arms of the men waiting to break his fall. A few months of this sort of work so perfects the cavalry- man that he can keep his seat on an animal which would be beyond control with an ordinary rider. As the accompanying illustrations show, he can ad- just himself to a remarkable variety of movements, and con- sequently is enabled to per- form jumps which would do credit to the most expert cross country rider. Leaping a fence six feet high is considered an easy performance at Saumur, while to show their efficiency the cadets sometimes jump their horses over dinner tables spread with dishes without touching a dish, as well as taking flying leaps across carriages and wagons. The command of cadets at the school give performances from time to time during the year to illustrate their skill in horse- manship. These are held in the riding-hall or upon the practice ground facing the school, and include the manage- ment of fractious horses, leaping contests, charging with lances, as well as evolutions by companies and battalions, in- tended to show their perfect control of their mounts. For practice in inclement weather a very large hall is connected with the cadet barracks, but most of the exercises are carried on in the open air on the drill field, which has been prepared espe- cially for this purpose. The illustrations which accompany this article are characteristic both of some of the ordinary exercises practised at Saumur, as well as some of the tricks indulged in by some of the expert riders. They show what splendid sport these exercises are, as well as the great skill that is developed by them. The French as a people view out- door sport and life in a somewhat dif- ferent manner than the English and Americans. Sport to them is not the whole-hearted affair it is with the Eng- lish and as it is rapidly becoming with The Horse Trained to Rear Kicking at Command of Instructor A Playful Mount us; but outdoor life has made many advances in France in the last few years, and, in one form or another, it is becom- ing more and more popular every day. The training of cavalry officers in horseback riding, while having many of the apparent qualities of outdoor sport, is really a very serious affair, viewed from the French stand- point. If their riders practise high jumps, teach their horses to stand erect on their hind legs and vault over a dinner table or an open carriage, these exercises are indulged in not for the pleasure they give the riders, but to accustom them to unusual conditions and to train their horses to unusual acts. The Frenchman is keenly alive to the improbable; he is constantly ex- pecting the unexpected, albeit always surprised when it hap- pens. His military experiences in foreign lands, toward which much of French military training is directed, has taught him that it is the unexpected and the un- usual that counts in the long run, and his severest defeats have been sustained when he has not been so prepared. For many years, certainly since the Franco- Prussian war, French military -training has been looking toward foreign possibilities. Their soldiers have been trained in most difficult tasks and subjected to many hardships, that their training may be the more perfect. The varied typography of France readily lends itself to such exercises, and perhaps makes them neces- sary for matters of internal defense. The equestrian training at Saumur is but one phase of French soldier life, illustrating the extreme care with which its officers and men are trained. Jumping Over a Victoria 184 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 Harvard's Botanic Garden By Mary Caroline Crawford HAT increasing army of pilgrims who each summer return to New England to enjoy the delightful excursions for which Boston offers a natural geographical center will, this year especially, wish to include in their itinerary a day at the Harvard Botanic Gar- den, inasmuch as 1905 marked the centenary of this noble institution’s conception. The occasion is full of interest, not only as an anniversary, but also as an illustration of the slow growth of that love for nature and gardening which has now attained such imposing proportions among us. The beginning of the garden idea in connection with a college dates back considerably more than a century. Over through his Consul-General at New York, ‘ to furnish such a garden with every species of seed and plants which may be requested from his royal garden at his own expense,”’ his offer was respectfully declined—and for twenty years more the project slumbered. On the first day of March, 1805, however, we find the books of the Harvard Corporation recording “a plan for a professorship of Botany and Entomology in the University,” which was communicated and read to a number of sub- scribers to a fund for that purpose. At subsequent meetings | the proposed statutes and regulations were discussed, and on March 28 these were adopted. After the induction of Pro- fessor Peck into the first chair of Natural History ever tne 4 SOS, Cems dn. ‘ ne YA ore ey 7 . 4 Pie LE WARNE SAA a RI ESS IA Prof. Asa Gray’s House and Herbarium two hundred and thirty years ago, indeed, Leonard Hoar, then president of Harvard, wrote as follows to the phi- losopher Robert Boyle, respecting a botanic garden: ‘“‘ A large, well-sheltered garden and orchard for students ad- dicted to planting are in our design for the stu- dents to spend their times of recreation in them; for reading or notions only are but husky provender.”’ The Botanic Garden did not then become a reality, how- ever. It was almost another century, in fact, before any- thing more was done about the matter. In 1784 the General Court of Massachusetts was asked by the Corporation of Harvard College to aid in founding such a garden. But the State was impoverished after the long and exhausting War of Independence, and though the king of France offered, established in an American college, and the inaugural oration in English which accompanied the ceremony, “ they sat down to a decent dinner in the Hall,” declares the minutes. Dr. Peck addressed himself heartily to the task of laying out the Garden. Wishing to have an acquaintance with the most noted European parks in order to serve his charge to the best advantage, he immediately went abroad for a tour of travel and observation. By 1808, however, he was back in Cambridge building a greenhouse (on the site which had been purchased through the subscription and by the means of a grant from the State of wild lands in Maine), and arrang- ing for his initial lectures in natural history. There were at first small classes and scanty returns from the Garden. The story of those pioneer years is indeed one of constant struggle. September, 1905 A Small Section of the Garden The original subscribers seem to have assumed no responsi- bility to sustain the noble enterprise they had founded, and no means were at hand for the adequate support of the work. The manner of supplying the Garden with new specimens was admirably simple and neighborly: Cambridge gentlemen having greenhouses presented the Garden with new plants ‘as they happened to acquire them.”’ Living exotic plants could then be purchased by applying to the gardener, and the meager receipts were further increased by a charge of twenty-five cents levied upon each visitor. ‘‘ Strangers of dis- tinction, clergymen and those connected with Harvard ” seem to have been the only people admitted gratis in the early days. After Professor Peck’s death, in 1822, funds were at such low ebb that his chair was allowed to remain vacant. But this interregnum period is by no means barren of interest, inasmuch as Thomas Nuttall, the distinguished botanist, who had been several years in the country, was appointed curator of the Garden, and gave such instruction in nat- ural history as was at that time demanded. Nuttall was a good deal of a “ char- acter.” In England he had been a compositor in a print- ing office; but, a passion for travel having seized him, he abandoned this peaceful oc- cupation and came to Amer- ica to explore the sources of the Missouri and the Ar- kansas. Captured in Phila- delphia by Boston friends, Nuttall was brought on and established in Cambridge, where he remained for sey- eral years, troubling himself little with students, but doing a valuable service to natural history, nevertheless, through his ‘‘ Manual of the Ornithology of the United AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 185 States,” a work remarkable for the close knowledge it reflects of the habits, man- ners and afhnities of our birds. The preface to this book is generally admitted to be one of the most admirable essays in the literature of ornithology—a_ classic for which Boston may _ well enough claim the credit, inas- much as the book was incited by Mr. James Brown, who was one of the founders of the Boston publishing firm of Littl & Brown. Mr. Brown was himself a lover of ornithology and a good friend of Nuttall. Evi- dently he was one of the few whom the naturalist per- mitted to share in his hermit- like life. So desirous was Nuttall indeed of avoiding his fellow creatures, that he never used the stairs of his house adjoining the garden, but reached his sleeping apartments by means of a trap-door and stepladder. A panel hung on hinges in the door which connected with the kitchen served for the passage back and forth of a tray upon which his daily food was handed through. After ten quiet years in Cambridge, Nuttall was seized by another attack of his old Wanderlust, and departed sud- denly for the Sandwich Islands, returning by way of the Cape of Good Hope in the vessel which had for one of its crew the author of ‘“‘ Two Years Before the Mast.” After a sojourn in Philadelphia, the eccentric naturalist went back to live and die in England. He had been here long enough, however, to do a great work for ornithology and to supply Cooper with the Dr. Battius of his prairie life novel. Nut- tall is further interesting as the precursor of Ernest Thomp- The Palm Houses 186 AMERICAN HOMES son Seton, who hunts without powder. It is related of him by Ernest Ingersoll, the naturalist, that once, when guns were called into sudden requisition during a journey across the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall’s fowling-piece was found stuffed to the muzzle with bulbs of new species. Not until 1842, when Dr. Joshua Fisher, of Beverly, Mass., a Harvard man of the class of 1766, endowed a professorship of natural history, to which Dr. Asa Gray was promptly called, did an era of prosperity dawn for the Bo- tanic Garden. Dr. Gray was then only thirty-two years old, One End of the Virgil Garden but already he had attained marked distinction in his chosen branch of knowledge. From the first year of his coming to the college a glowing interest in botany developed among the students. Quarters had to be enlarged, courses extended and the corps of workers for the Garden increased. Un- fortunately, though, there was no corresponding augmenta- tion of the endowment. Only Dr. Gray could have kept the enterprise going with such inadequate funds as were at his disposal. By the expenditure of untiring energy, how- ever, this very able curator enriched the display by large numbers of native and foreign plants, and soon caused the Garden to become the recipient of the newer treasures coming from the West and Southwest. Dr. Gray was wont to place in nooks not easily accessible to the public the rarer plants, which have since become the common property of horticul- ture, and in this way he introduced some of the choicest novelties. No worthy branch of Harvard University seems to have suffered more, first and last, for lack of support, than the Botanic Garden. About 1860 it became a serious question, indeed, whether all operations there should not cease. At this critical period, however, a subscription of $1,500 a year for three years was raised through the exertions of Dr. George Hayward, to give temporary relief, and in 1864 Nathaniel Thayer gave a building for the invaluable Her- barium, comprising over two hundred thousand plants, and the library of twenty-two hundred botanical works (includ- ing an autographed copy of Goethe’s ‘‘ Metamorphosis of Plants’), presented to the University by Dr. Gray. In 1871 H. H. Hunnewell added a lecture-room. Money for running expenses was still lacking, however; and from 1872 Dr. Gray had no salary but his house rent, and personally bore the expense of a curator for the Herbarium which he had presented to the college. During these latter years, though, the professor had no classes, but devoted his entire AND GARDENS September, 1905 time to the completion, in the sunny study which adjoins the Herbarium, of his long-delayed “ Flora.” The classes had meanwhile been placed in the hands of Prof. George L. Goodale, who is still at the head of this department at the college, and who is also now the curator of the Garden. In the twelve years between Dr. Gray’s relinquishment of the active duties of the curatorship and Dr. Goodale’s assumption of them, Prof. Charles Sprague Sargent was in charge of things, at the corner of Linnaean and Raymond Streets, Cambridge, and it is to his skill and to the increased funds resulting from a vigorously conducted subscription canvass that the Garden owes much of its present attractiveness. “The distribution of species was changed at this period, and many improvements, which poverty had hitherto forbidden, were successfully introduced. For inspection the Garden may be conveniently divided into the upper level and the area below the terrace, where the natural order of flowering plants and the genera of ferns and their allies are arranged in formal beds, so disposed as to exhibit many of the affinities of the families. Here, too, are special beds devoted to groups of plants of particular interest—such as those mentioned by seventeenth century writers, and those celebrated by Virgil and Shakespeare. The Shakespeare garden is the most interesting spot in the estate’s whole seven acres, not only on its own account, but also for the suggestion it offers to private garden makers. At this time of the year the marigold is particularly con- spicuous among its flowers of long and distinguished lineage. Perdita says: “The marigold that goes to bed with the sun And with him rises weeping; these are the flowers Of middle summer.” Strolling farther along the grass-bordered walk, away from the greenhouses, that alluring trio, mint, balm and savory, are found, all of which are attractive plants, though not in bloom in the late summer. The gardener here will teil you that savory is not named from its qualities of taste or savor, but is a corruption of the old Italian name—savo- reggia. The marjoram—mentioned in the lines— “ Here’s flowers for you, Hot lavender, mint, savory, marjoram ’’— is not, however, to be found in the Shakespeare bed, but just across the way in the Virgil garden. Here also is the rose- mary, so well remembered by Ophelia’s mad lines, ‘‘ There’s rosemary that’s for remembrance; pray, love, remember,”’ and by its homely property, the keeping moths out of old- time clothes chests. The violet, the rose, the columbine, the primrose, the poppy, the pinks and the pansies, all so well known, most of which are so often mentioned by Shakespeare, and all of which have for us deep and tender associations, are ap- propriately included in the parterres of this Shakespeare gar- den. ‘The rose is mentioned by Shakespeare more often than any other plant. He speaks of at least eight varieties—par- ticularly, of course, of the white and red, made famous by the rival wars of York and Lancaster, in the so-called his- torical plays, and of the damask, which, originally taken by the Crusaders from Damascus, was brought to England by Dr. Linaker, physician to King Henry VII. ‘The English daisy, too, is here, though now past its prime, being a flower of spring, the same as the violet, spoken of by Shakespeare in the ‘‘ Spring Song” from “‘ Love’s Labor’s Lost ”’: “When Daisies pied and Violets blue, And Lady-smocks all silver white, And Cuckoo Buds of yellow hue Do paint the meadows with delight.” September, 1905 In this garden one may find not only plants pretty in blossom, but the more modest species which are useful as food or from which medicine was brewed for the ailments of the sixteenth century: barley, various species of beans, the bramble with its seed-laden berries—to which Falstaft refers in his rant, ‘‘ Give you a reason on compulsion—if reasons were as plentiful as blackberries, [ would give no man a reason on compulsion ’’; flax, with seeds that were made into healing poultices for medieval as well as modern sore backs; oats, and the climbing vetches, which are thought by some scholars to be the tares mentioned in the parable of the sower. Shakespeare speaks of a number of these grains in “The Tempest,” where Iris addresses Ceres: “Most bounteous lady, thy rich leas Of wheat, rye, barley, vetches, oats and peas.” There is also the tart rhubarb, which the great poet men- tions as a purgative drug, but which, in Elizabethan times, probably had no culinary use, together with its botanical cousin, the dock, spoken of by Burgundy in ‘“ Henry V.,” and the hardy leek and tearful onion. The qualities of these last as food were evidently appreciated by Shakespeare, for Bottom is made to say to his fellows: ‘‘ And most dear actors eat no onions nor garlic, for we are to utter sweet breaths.” In the shade of the trees which line the western edge of the Shakespeare garden grows the “ cold lettuce ’’ and the hyssop —both referred to by Iago in his famous metaphor of the human body and the garden—the former plant noted for its narcotic qualities, the latter for its part in the cruelties of the Crucifixion. Near by grows our American potato. It is interesting to note that almost the earliest mention of pota- toes, after their introduction from Virginia into Ireland in 1584 by Sir Walter Raleigh, is made by Falstaff in “‘ The Merry Wives of Windsor,” where he says: ‘“‘ Let the sky rain potatoes; let it thunder to the tune of green sleeves.” In this same bed is the familiar radish, considered by the Elizabethans as a preventive of snake bites; the plantain, to which great medicinal properties were attributed; the old spicy mustard, the poisonous aconitum, which Shakespeare compares in deadly qualities to the ‘‘ rash gunpowder,” and the parsley, which recalls the speech of Biondello in ‘“‘ The Taming of the Shrew.” ‘“‘ I knew a wench,”’ says he, ‘‘ mar- ried in an afternoon as she went to the garden for parsley to stuff a rabbit ’—showing that this universal herb was used as a garnish as far back as the time of the Armada and the Globe Theater. The ivy, which ordinarily ‘“‘ enrings the barky fingers of the elm,” and pervades all romantic literature, seems to have been only a vicious parasite to Shakespeare’s mind. In several passages he refers to it in the same spirit as in the “‘ Comedy of Errors,” where it is called ‘“‘ usurping,’ and again in “‘ The Tempest,” as “‘ The Ivy, which had hid my princely trunk, and sucked the verdure out on’t.” What with this interesting classical department (started five years ago by Professor Goodale), the Virgil garden, the seventeenth century plants of Parkinson and the native species, it ought to be very easy to develop a knowledge of horticulture or to study botany in Cambridge. After a woodland search one has only to bring the treasures here and find their names, not by picking the pretty blossoms to pieces and laboriously searching among the dry technicalities of a dusty volume to find their genus and species, but by comparison with the blossom’s living brethren. People have begun to find this out, too, and now they come as early as February to see the roses, cyclamens and cinerarias, then in bloom under glass. The Garden is never quite bare. From earliest spring to late autumn something is blossoming. In March there are AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 187 snowdrops and crocuses in sheltered places near the green- houses; in April the hardy perennials begin to appear; and from then on, of course, there is a wealth of color and fragrance here to be enjoyed. Beside each growth is thrust into the ground a little tablet containing the scientific and common names of the plant and its habitat. The visitor may even pluck up this record for more convenient reading, if only he takes care to put it back in its proper place. Among the most constant visitors to the Botanic Garden are children, who have become familiar with many of the common flowers through their kindergarten instruction. These little folk make a very pretty picture in their bright cotton dresses, as they march two and two along the green- bordered paths. Yet when all is said it is the people who most enjoy the treasures of this unique spot. Though Harry and Harriet may not be able to quote verses to illustrate the Shakespeare specimens, they appreciate thoroughly the privilege of being permitted to wander at will over the grounds and through the greenhouses. Often four hundred The Great Auclers and the Beech Hedge visitors come to the Garden of a Sunday afternoon. It is the one Harvard department which is “ popular.”’ The greenhouses of the Botanic Garden make very little pretense of architectural glory, but regulations for preservy- ing the proper temperature are on the most approved plan, and the arrangement of the specimens is capital. The gaudy ornaments of the florist’s shop, azaleas, camellias, carnation pinks and the like, may perhaps be missed, but there are hundreds of things here not to be found in other greenhouses and of distinct interest. The cacti, for instance, are truly extraordinary. Their blossoms, you note, are out of all pro- portion to the size of the plant. A miserable little thing has a flower some eight inches long, while an American cactus, which would weigh three hundred pounds, shows only a shy half-inch bloom. The division given over to economic plants excites great popular interest at all times. 188 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 The Household Household Decoration: The Man or the Woman—Which? S THE man or the woman the better qualified to design and arrange the matters commonly included under the head of household deco- ration? The question is, perhaps, some- what academic, since in practical affairs it is not always the person who is best quali- fied to perform the work who obtains it, but the person who gets the job. Yet the matter has some aspects which deserve a brief consideration. The plea of the woman as the household decorator by tem- perament, understanding and general fitness is somewhat urgent. It is quite apparent why this should be so. Women live more in houses than men do; that is to say, the average woman passes more of her time within her house than the average man. The woman’s aftairs are, moreover, house- hold affairs. She conducts the house; she keeps it in order; she arranges the furniture and the decoration; she chooses the bric-a-brac; she selects the colors; most of the objects within the house belong to her or have been personally ac- quired by her. If there is labor or thought involved in any of these things she gives it gladly and naturally. The home is her kingdom, where she reigns supreme—or tries to, which is possibly the same thing. Her claim to be the household decorator par excellence rests on these things and on what she regards as a natural intuition to do just what is right, and in the right way, in such matters. It is a claim that can not be roughly pushed to one side. Women are concerned with household affairs, and have more or less taste in such matters, but so few women are born household decorators that much study and training are necessary to properly equip one for such work. This immediately clears up the whole situation. It is not whether a person be a man or a woman that makes him or her a competent household decorator, but the mental equip- ment that has been gained for such work. It is not sex that counts, but training. It is not a smattering of knowledge, but a great deal of it. It is not intuition—although that often helps, and helps vastly—but downright hard work that has given the decorator adequate knowledge, trained and cultivated his or her taste, and, in many ways, given adequate preparation for the work to be done. The time has long since passed when women should com- pete for work because they are women. It is true enough that some women may do better work than some men, but in the fierce competition that now surrounds every occupa- tion of life the question as to whether the laborer is a man or a woman counts, in most cases, for very little. The house owner, about to decorate and furnish his new house, need not therefore ask himself if his decorator shall be a man or a woman. The single problem, and the only one to be considered, is whether the candidate for the work is competent. If he regards a woman as likely to be more competent than a man, obviously the woman will get the job, and if she is competent she will give entire satisfaction. If a man seems the better craftsman to employ he will assume the work and await the judgment of his employer as to what satisfaction he may have given. It is the workman that counts, not sex, and not nationality. Household Charm HovusEHOLD charm is the most precious of all household qualities. It is an indefinable, elusive, delicate quality that perhaps every householder seeks to have, and which every one ought to wish to give to his house. It is a quality not measured by cost, for, as a matter of fact, it is quite inde- pendent of cost. Many costly houses, on which great sums of money have been expended, are entirely without charm; while many inexpensive dwellings are thoroughly charming in every way. Do not, however, make the mistake of imagining that charm only obtains in low cost houses and low cost rooms. The comparatively inexpensive room on which thought and care, love and interest, have been lavished is more apt to be attractive than a high priced room simply because all these things have gone into its furnishing and arrangement. Richly furnished rooms can be as thoroughly charming as those furnished at less cost, but their charm will be of a different nature, since it will be produced by different materials and in a different way. The whole question harks back to one of taste and in- terest. If one has good taste, or consults with a person of good taste, the results are more than likely to be interesting and satisfying. And with good taste must go a complete and very real interest in the work in hand. One must not only know how to decorate, furnish and arrange a room, but one must be deeply interested in the work in hand. It is, perhaps, because of this, more than from any other reason, that the room of more moderate cost is more likely to be charming and delightful than the one in which price has not been considered. The man or woman of good taste who is about to furnish a house will carefully consider every item of expenditure if the money is to be counted and made to go as far as it can. With ample means there is likely to be a per- sonal indifference to such things. There is always the possi- bility and the ability of changing a room, of rejecting its or- naments if one wearies of them, of altering the color and of moving things about without regard to the money they have cost. Carelessness is engendered, and real, definite personal charm in a room entirely disappears. The charming room is the personal room, the room that gives evidence of personal care and thought, in which every object seems to have personal merit, in which the color scheme, the walls, the curtains, the carpet or rugs give evi- dence, as they are thoroughly capable of giving, of personal selection and value. It is thought that produces results in room arrangement, exactly as it brings results in other things ; and unless a room gives evidence of thoughtful care, of in- telligent study, of manifest intent to produce a harmonious interior, it can have no charm, and, at the most, will have only interest of a comparatively slight amount. But the effort given to one room must be applied to the whole house. It is a good thing to have one charming room, but the owner who has produced such a masterpiece will not remain content with one achievement. One good room im- plies many good rooms, and many good rooms mean a good house, a house not good in parts alone, but good as an entity. This means, therefore, that the whole house must be con- sidered as a single whole. September, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 189 Civic Betterment Ways to Help: The Body Politic FTER the individual the organization; after the organization the body politic. The suc- cession is logical and right. And just as the organization can do more than the indi- vidual, so the body politic can accomplish 2 more than either. For by the body politic is meant the governing body. Its importance in all work for civic betterment is very obvious. Civic betterment means public betterment, the improvement of a neighborhood or a whole city or town. Such work can not be done by the indi- vidual citizen, nor by the mere aggregation of individuals; it requires definite civic authority in the accomplishment of results, and in most instances it needs the wealth of the public purse in bringing about adequate reforms. The body politic is, therefore, the most important factor in all work of a public nature. It could, were it so minded, ac- complish every possible civic betterment that is good that comes before it. It has direct charge of sanitation; it con- trols the streets; it fixes the building laws; it can do every- thing but instil good taste into the minds of citizens who do not know what this means, and who, even when its purpose is made plain to them, are calmly and deliberately indifferent. But the average body politic does not accomplish public betterments of its own volition. Governmental bodies do not do things merely because they are worth doing. They move in a slow and deliberate way; they will balk at cost, and they will hem and haw at expense; they will hesitate at doing just a little more, when often enough it is that additional fraction which will do the most of all. The body politic, however, must be brought into the work of civic betterment. It not only can not be ignored, but it ce must be consulted at every step, its permission obtained, its approval solicited. The public-spirited citizen can not make a contribution to the betterment of his town without first ob- taining the approval and consent of the city fathers. It is obvious that the chief work to be done here is one of education. If the governing body does not understand civic betterment nor appreciate it, it must be taught to do so. We get back, therefore, to the individual and the organiza- tion, for both these forces must labor with the governing body, labor night and day, in season and out, if permanent results are to be obtained. The work the body politic has to do in civic betterment is becoming more and more appreciated, and is yearly bringing fruitful results. Comprehensive schemes for the improve- ment of an entire city have already been brought forward in many localities, and while the direct results as yet assured are small, the first essential steps have been taken. Plans pro- posed for Washington, New York, Cleveland and other cities have aroused great public interest, not only among the individual citizens, but among the governing authorities. Whether realized or not, these plans are indicative of good, and point to something accomplished. ‘They mean the body politic is being aroused, that statesmen whose time was for- merly concerned with the granting of railroad franchises and the renaming of streets are looking toward public art. They mean a positive and great extension of the movement for civic betterment, for they mean that the last of the three great elements which must help in this work has awakened to its value. This at least was necessary before anything could be accomplished. The next step will be realization. This is the end of all movements for civic betterment. Is the Billboard to Go ? Why should it remain? This is the more pertinent ques- tion, and one much more difficult to answer than the more general one as to whether the billboard shall go. The argu- ments for the retention of the billboard are of the weakest possible sort. Its single merit is its obtrusiveness. If it did not catch the eye it would have no commercial value, and if it had no commercial value it would quickly disappear. The billboard is, of course, an advertising proposition, and all advertising propositions depend on their commercial value. If it did not pay to advertise no one would do so, and the very great use of the billboard as an advertising medium is fine testimony to its paying qualities, or to the eloquence with which its merits are presented by its advocates. The commercial value of the billboard depends on its conspicuousness. No one ever sees a billboard in a back alley or in spots remote from where people congregate. They flourish in the conspicuous places, and they flourish conspicu- ously, with vast signs, glaring colors, “‘ taking ”’ designs, with all the showy eye-catching devices that advertising ingenuity can suggest and advertising experience propose. Now, the real value of this overwhelming display to the community is very small. There are less obtrusive ways of bringing one’s wares before the public than in painting them on a fence or in thrusting them into the foreground of a beautiful scene. The advertiser deprived of his billboard is not pushed out of business, but has simply to find other means, and less offensive means, of reaching the public. For the billboard is offensive, glaring, staring, horrible. Individually a specific advertisement may have merit, and great merit—may, indeed, be a genuine artistic effort; but taking the billboard as a mass it is a studied offense to good taste, flourishing mostly where it is not needed, seen when it is not wanted to be seen, demanding attention when one would rather think of other things. The agitation against the billboard as a municipal dis- figurement has already reached goodly proportions, and the campaign is as yet in its infancy. Some efforts, and well meant efforts, have been made to improve them, partly by designing the billboard itself and partly by improving the designs of the signs. Nothing has, however, yet been ac- complished that amounts to definite and general improve- ment, and hence it is pertinent to inquire if the billboard is to go? One of the most obvious steps in municipal betterment is to do away with unnecessary, unsightly objects. The bill- board has been unsightly so long that many people regard it as permanently evil. At all events, it is clear that if it is to remain it can only do so under much better conditions than now obtain, and it must be supported on broader grounds than the fact that a handsome advertising business has grown up through its promotion. No business can be successfully promoted by improper means; the billboard, glaring and star- ing at every point, approaches the limit beyond which busi- ness should not go. Its misfortune has been injudicious use. 190 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 The Observer's Note-Book ‘Ghost Flowers” HE OBSERVER often wonders at the sug- gestions put forth for household decoration and adornment. So many people want some- thing “‘new” or “novel” that the very strangest ideas are brought forth for the ; instruction of the uninitiated. It is true that many of these ideas are neither new nor novel; but very an- cient suggestions are often brought forward, dressed up afresh and served to a startled world as the very latest of late things. Now here is Mrs. Candace Wheeler, who ought to know how to arrange and decorate a house as well as anybody, coming forth with an earnest plea for—of all things in the world—the seed globe of the dandelion flower! It is a theme worthy of the deepest eloquence. Every one knows the inherent charm of the dandelion flower, of the ravishing beauty of its golden color, that brilliant testi- mony to the arrival of spring! Every one knows the great economic value of its twisted stems in the hands of very young children, although not every one is aware of the deli- cate salad that may be made from its leaves. Every one knows, also, of the graceful form of its seed globe, and the wonderful means that Nature has taken for the reproduction of a plant which, given a flower of real grace, has no apparent object in its growth. All these matters have been known to all men and women for lo, these many years. But Mrs. Wheeler does not regard that as sufficient. ‘There is, she thinks, beauty in the seed globe of which most people are unaware, and she puts herself forward as the high priestess of the dandelion seed in a few sentences that scintillate with brilliant suggestion. The Observer gives way, and begs she will speak for her- The self. ‘‘ Nothing in plant nature,’’ she says, “ is more beau- tiful, more ethereal, more delicately suggestive of spiritual existence in the blossom world, than a fully developed seed globe of the dandelion flower. One thinks of it as a plant aspiration, a floating flower thought, something that stands before the vanishing point of matter. ‘If these tender manifestations are carefully transported to the house and placed in water they will continue for days, waiting for the delayed air current which should waft them to some sheltered bit of earth where they may lie until time and golden weather combine to start them upon a new stage of existence. ‘Ten or twenty of these winged things gathered into a tall Venetian glass surrounded by newly grown maiden- hair ferns will give one a new ideal of refinement in flower arrangement. Of course, the ferns are sure to shrivel and curl before many hours are over, and will require several renewals, but the dandelion ghosts will stand bravely on until their lengthened days are numbered.”’ This is very nicely put. It is a practical suggestion in household decoration which any suburbanite may avail her- self of, encased in graceful diction, and written in a very charming and polished manner. It is a household decoration that gives no trouble, for the seed globe may be plucked from any roadside, or even gathered from the center of a cherished lawn. ‘The dandelion requires no cultivation, but grows with such persistency that a particularly large choice specimen that has been uprooted from a conspicuous spot often seems growing with renewed vigor the next day after. Mrs. Wheeler is a woman of many ideas, but was there any real necessity for singing the praises of the dandelion, its flower and its seed? Garden The Garden Month by Month—September WJHE first of September finds the flower garden in full swing of late summer and early fall blooming. It is gay with color and rich in the thick, strong foliage of the summer’s growth. Save for the completeness of the maturity there is no hint of impending The climax toward which all the summer’s labor nae has been directed seems to have been reached. The breath- ing spell in work that came with August seems likely to be continued indefinitely. Yet September is one of the busiest months in the year. It is the month of preparation for the fall and winter; not, as yet, in clearing up and in putting away, but in busy effort for the house plants for the winter. Some of these will have been started as far back as the end of June, when the roses for winter blooming will have been planted in the-green- houses, and which will have made excellent progress by early September. But there are many plants which now require attention, and the amateur gardener will find September one of the most active of months. All sorts of things must be done, and many of them quickly. ‘The warm days of early fall are delusive, especially in the North, where frosts are liable to arrive any time after the middle of the month, and with no previous notice. All plants for the winter window garden must be early put into pots and in place before the fires are started, in order that they may become accustomed to new conditions of growth. This is, perhaps, the first thing to be done, and it can hardly be begun too early. Very early, also, must the chrysanthe- mums be lifted, first cutting around them with a sharp spade a week or so before taking them out. Fertilizer should not be applied to these plants until they have begun to grow; afterward it should be applied twice a week. The great work of September is concerned with bulbs. The beds should be prepared early, and be well made, with | ample allowance of old cow manure. The best bulbs should be reserved for house growth. They should invariably be purchased as early as possible in order to obtain the best stock. Roman hyacinths, crocus and madonna lilies should be planted early. All bulbs should be well covered; a foot at least of leaves, litter straw and the like is none too much. A variety of other plants now require attention. Hy- drangeas should be cut back after blooming, and growth encouraged in every way. Each stalk or stem means a new flower next year if the plant is in good condition. Azaleas should be taken into the house before frost threatens. Pansies, hollyhocks and other perennials grown from late sowings should be replanted in permanent positions. The sowing of pansy seeds must no longer be delayed, if it has not been done before, which would have been better. Dor- mant callas should now be started into growth with enriched soil and plenty of water. September, 1905 ANE RGA N LhOMES. AND GARDENS 191 A leaky roof will bother most clients more than an incon- sistency between two orders of archi- fectune USea Im the Saimic DULG ine. oN SOoUmarenitcer sean make a plan that will please, and a good architect ought to know that “Taylor Old Style’’ tin roofs do not leak. N. & G. TAYLOR COMPANY ESTABLISHED 1810 Philadelphia HERE is confirmation, direct, | | positive, convincing, that The | | Peck-Williamson UNDERFEED | Furnace will save you % to % on | your coal bills: “After looking at several fur- naces, including hot-air and hot- water heat, I heard of The Peck- Williamson UNDERFEED and bought one from you. My house is 28x34, with 8 rooms, bath and attic. I hadnotroublein keeping the rooms at 74 degrees, durin the coldest weather of 22 degrees below zero. A neighbor built a house about the same size and by the same contractor, put in hot- water heat, used $75.00 worth of coal, and could not keep his house warm enough to keep the pipes from freez- ing. Iused 8 tonsof ‘Cherokee’ Nut Coal, at an expeuse of $27.00. The Furnace is easily managed, with but littlesmokeandashes. I can recom- mend The Peck-Williamson UNDER- FEED Furnace to any one who is going to build.” The above was written recently to our [| agent in Kansas City, Mo., by Mr. | James E. Lawrence, Mining Enginee and Metallurgist, 2334 Benton Blv’d. 7 Kansas City, Mo. Hundreds of suc 4 letters come to us unsolicited. It wil pay you to investigate. Heating Plans and Services of our Engineering Depart- ment Absolutely FREE. We want to send you FREE our UNDER- |= FEED book and fac-simile voluntary let- ters proving every claim we make. The Peck-Williamson Co. . "376 V. Fifth St. ; Cincinnati, 0. | PEARSON COATED NAILS have a holding power more than twice as great as any other kind. ‘They resist the weather longer than ordinary wire nails and have other advantageous features. The coated flooring nails—under the trade name of “ Leaders” — are a radical departure from the rut, and excel in every detail. They save 309 in labor and are sold at attractive prices. ahs eS PEARSON (Bi @ ee BOSTON OCR SEoe- RAILWAY ESOHANGS BLDG. 192 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 Send Your It’s FREE So great has been the demand Jor this interesting book that we have heen compelled to publish a brand-new, en- larged and very elab- orate edition, six months sooner than we antici- pated. Dont delay— ewrite today. This Book 2 ee ¥y Have you tried our Polishing Mitt? If not, you are missing a great deal. and send in the label. Our new book 1s now ready. Larger size pages and more of them, better illustrations than our last book, and greatly improved text. If you want to improve the appearance of your Jloors, furniture and woodwork, this book 15s worth $25.00 to you. Write for above book Read ahout it helow ““The Proper Treatment for Floors, Woodwork and Furniture.’’ It tells about wood, wood-finishing, wood-cleaning and wood-polishing for the home. It is good, practical, labor-saving advice from a wood-finishing expert of twenty-three years’ experience. ‘Tells how to produce all the latest artistic, natural and artificial finishes in oak, ash, birch, maple, beech and pine floors, furniture and woodwork. Explains how you can finish pine to look almost as beautiful as hard- wood. ‘This book sent free by the manufacturers of ohnson’s Prepared Wax ““A Complete Finish and Polish for all Wood’’ For Floors, Furniture and Woodwork It produces a lasting and artistic finish to which dust and dirt will not adhere. It does not crack, blister, peel off or show laps. Heel marks and scratches will not show. Johnson’s wax contains more pol- ishing wax, and of the hardest quality, to the pound than any other. That is one reason why it covers the most surface, produces the best, most lasting, sanitary finish and polish with the least effort, and is the largest selling wax in the world. JOHNSON’S POLISHING MITT is our latest device for polish- ing furniture and woodwork with our wax. Made of sheepskin with wool on, is open across the back and slips on hand. Sent FREE for label for one pound or larger can of Johnson’s Prepared Wax. Remove label by placing can in steam or hot water. Johnson’s Prepared Wax is sold by all deal- ers in paint— % |b. can, 30 cents; 1 and 2 |b. cans, 60 cents per Ib.; 4, 5 and 8 Ib. cans, 50 cents per Ib. If your dealer will not supply you, send to us. Write today for book and mention edition AH 9. Don’t forget the label, either. S. C. JOHNSON & SON, Racine, Wis. “The Wood-Finishing Authorities’? When the Painter Estimates the quantity of paint required for a given job, there is always a large percentage left over when high-grade paints based on OXIDE OF ZINC are used. Have you noticed this fact > It means that such paints are economical, and that the painter is unaware of the fact. FREE—Our Practical Pamphlets: "The Paint Question," "Paints in Architecture," "French Government Decrees," " Specifications for Architects," and "Paint: Why, How and When" THE NEW JERSEY ZINC CoO. 71 BROADWAY, NEW YORK @ We do not grind in oil. Lists of manufacturers of high-grade zinc paints sent on request THE ARCHITECT AND HIS CHARGES (Continued from the August Number) ENGLISH SCHEDULE OF CHARGES—Concludea 4. When several distinct buildings, being repetitions of one design, are erected at the same time from a single specification and one set of drawings and under one contract, the usual commission is charged on the cost of one such building, and a modified arrangement made in respect of the others; but this ar- rangement does not apply to the reduplication of parts in one building undertaking, in which case the full commission is charged on the total cost. 5. If the architect should have drawn out the approved design, with plans, elevations, sections and specification, the charge is two and one-half per cent. upon the estimated cost. If he should have procured tenders in ac- cordance with the instruction of his employer, the charge is one-half per cent. in addition. Two and one-half per cent. is charged upon any works originally included in the contract or tender, but subsequently omitted in execu- tion. These charges are exclusive of the charge for taking out quantities. Preliminary sketches and interviews, where the drawings are not further proceeded with, are charged for according to the trouble involved and time expended. 6. Should the client, having approved the design and after the contract drawings have been prepared, require material alterations to be made, whether before or after the contract has been entered into, an extra charge is made in proportion to the time occupied in such alterations. 7. The architect is entitled during the prog- ress of the works to payment by installments on account at the rate of five per cent. on the amount of the certificates when granted, or alternatively on the signing of the contract, to half the commission on the amount thereof, and the remainder by installments during their progress. 8. The charge per day depends upon an architect’s professional position, the minimum charge being three guineas. g. The charge for taking a plan of an estate, laying it out and arranging for building upon it, is regulated by the time, skill and trouble involved. 10. For setting out on an estate the position of the proposed road or roads, taking levels and preparing drawings for roads and sewers, applying for the sanction of local authorities and supplying all necessary tracings for this purpose, the charge is two per cent. on the estimated cost. For subsequently preparing working drawings and specifications of roads and sewers, obtaining tenders, supplying one copy of drawings and specification to the con- tractor, superintending works, examining and passing accounts (exclusive of measuring and valuing extras and omissions), the charge is four per cent. on the cost of the works ex- ecuted, in addition to the two per cent. pre- viously mentioned. 11. For letting the several plots in ordinary cases the charge is a sum not exceeding a whole year’s ground rent, but in respect of plots of great value a special arrangement must be made. 12. For approving plans submitted by the lessee, and for inspecting the buildings during their progress, so far as may be necessary to insure the conditions being fulfilled, and certi- September, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 193 F-6521. ENAMELED IRON “CORONA” TUB, WITH BASE. L. Wolff Manufacturing Company MANUFACTURERS OF PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY bd General Office: 93 West Lake Street. Show Rooms: 91 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO. To get a warm home welcome. Summer is swiftly passing. You cannot begin a day too soon to prepare against bleak Winter if you pay the bills and suffer the ills of old-fashioned heating. AMERICAN, [DEAL yield enduring comfort, and last as long as the building stands. They give even heat, healthful heat, clean heat —no mixture of dust, ashes and coal gases in the living rooms. IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators repay their own cost in fuel and labor savings, and absence of repairs. Put in OLD or new buildings, (cottage, house, store, church, school, etc.,) favwz or city, and with- outin theleast disturbing the occupants or building. Your neighbors will tell you of their experience and satisfaction, but you will need our catalogues (free) to select from. Tell us kind of building you wish to heat. Our goods warehoused in all parts of the United States. Write us zow. AMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY Dept. 6. CHICAGO SPSSSS SS Bound Volumes of the Scientific American Building Monthly Volume IX., January to June, 1890, price $2, has twelve colored plates, fifty-six illustrations of houses with their plans, and fifteen pages of details drawn to scale. The houses vary in price from $1,200 to $7,000. Volume X., July to December, 1890, price $2, has twelve colored plates beautifully executed, fifty half-tone engravings of houses in both city and country, and there are fourteen plates of details. Several small churches are also illustrated. The houses vary in price from $900 to $5,000 and over. Volume XI., January to June, 1891, price $2. The volume contains twelve colored plates of great merit. ‘There are sixty elevations of houses, churches, stables, carriage houses, accompanied by several plans. One house in this number cost only $695.00; the other houses range in price up to $10,000. Volume XIII., January to June, 1892, price $2. As in the case with the other volumes, there are twelve colored plates; sixty-two houses varying in price from $2,800 to $25,000, and a number of chapels and churches, and also one schoolhouse. This is a particularly interesting volume, Volume XIV., July to December, 1892, price $2. The twelve colored plates of this issue are very attractive. There are fifty-seven elevations of houses, churches, and stables, each accompanied by a plan giving the sizes of the rooms. Some city residences are illustrated. One of the houses illustrated cost $1,000 and one $1,650, and the other houses vary in price. Volume XV., January to June, 1893, price $2. Twelve colored plates form an interesting feature of this volume. There are fifty illustrations and plans of houses, churches, stables, etc. The houses are of all prices, ranging from those which are comparatively inexpensive to elaborate residences costing several thousand dollars. Volame XVL, July to December, 1893, price $2. There are fifty-two engravings of houses, churches, etc.. and each is accompanied by a plan. Some of the houses in this volume are as low in price as $600. The thousand dollar workingman’s home at the World’s Fair is also included in this volume. Annual Bound Volumes, $3.50 Each, Postpaid. X11, and XIV. | illustrations of houses, including many interiors. Wecan supply the following volumes : 1393 contains Volumes XV. and XVI. 1897 contains Volumes XXIII. and XXIV. MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS .. .. .. Volume XVII., January to June, 1894, price $2. In addition to the twelve colored plates, there are sixty views of attractive houses from $2,000 up. Volume XIX., January to June, 1895, price $2. It has the six highly artistic covers bound in. There are sixty-six engravings of houses of all prices, from $2,000 up. One of the most attractive volumes in the series, Two churches are also included in the volume. Volume XX., July to December, 1895 price $2. It contains six colored covers, seventy photographic illustrations of exceedingly fine houses, a couple of churches, stable and a windmill. Volume XXI., January to June, inclusive, 1896, price $2. There are six colored covers, ninety-two engravings made from photographs of houses taken specially forthe purpose, The illustrations include churches, libraries and other buildings. Volume XXII., July to December, 1896, price #2. It includes six artistic covers showing the actual appearance of the houses as regards color. There are also one hundred and one exterior and interior views of modern houses, from $1,950 up. City houses, c.vicucs mausoleums, etc., are also included. Volume XXIII., January to June, 1897, price $2. In addition to the six colored plates there are one hundred and seven interior and exterior views of the latest types of houses by prominent architects. The miscel- laneous matter includes a village hall, several libraries, a gate lodge, schools, hospital, etc. Volume XXIV., July to December, 1897, price $2. It includ-3 six attractive colored plates. There are one bandred and four phe.vgraphic A considezable number of public buildings are also illustrated. Volume XXVI., July to December, 1898, price $2. Nearly a hundred large scale illustrations of the exteriors and interiors of modern houses will be found in this volume. There are also clubhouses, gate lodges, etc. There are many examples of foreign architecture scattered through the book, and sculpture is not neglected. 1890 contains Volumes IX. and X. 1895 contains Volumes XIX. and XX. Volume XXX., July to December, 1900, price $2. The colored plates are particularly fine, and the half-tone illustrations of houses and interiors are very artistic. The literary contents and the drawings of details add to the value of this volume. Volume XXXII., July to December, 1901, price $2. Six covers in tint and more than two hundred illustrations of houses, interiors, details, gar- dens. etc. The editorial discussions, notes, comments, departments, and ““Talks with Architects”? cover a wide range of topics and make this volume of permanent interest and value. Volume XXXIIL., January to June, 1902, price $2. Six covers in tintand more than two hundred illustrations with plans form the illustrative features of this volume. Six well-known architects contribute timely “* Talks”? on important architectural problems of the day. The editorial and literary departments are up to the highest standard of usefulness and interest. Volume XXXVL., July to December, 1903, price 52. Six tinted covers and two hundred and seventy-two illustrations, many of unusual size. Special attention has been given in this volume to large American estates. ‘The variety of contents continues to make the BUILDING MONTHLY the most valuable periodical of its kind. Volume XXXVII., January to June, 1904, price $2. Six tinted covers and three hundred and eleven illustrations, the most richly illustrated volume of the series. Many notable houses are illustrated and described, and every effort has been made to make this volume of special value to every one interested in the building of the home and its adornment. Volume XXXVIII., July to December, 1904, price $2. Six tinted covers, two hundred and seventy-two illustrations made from original photographs taken especially for the BUILDING MONTHLY. Volume XXXIX., January to June, 1905, price $2. Six covers in tint and three hundred and eight illustrations. A rich conspectus of interesting notable houses. Many fine estates are treated with ample fulness. The discussions of current architectural taemes are of permanent value and of unusual interest. We also have architectural books for sale. we mail free to any address, Send for a catalogue, whicb 1891 contains Volumes XI. and XII. 1892 contains Volumes 1896 contains Volumes XXI. and XXII. 1904 contains Volumes XXXVII. and XXXVIII 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY 194 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 Chicago Embossed Moulding Co. Embossed and Plain Columns, Mouldings Interior Caps Balusters and and Raised Stair Work Carvings 5OE1& S597 AUSTIN AVE., CHICAGO, ILL. 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MATHOT, M.E. 300 Pages Bound in Cloth 175 Illustrations Price, $2.50, postpaid A PRACTICAL GUIDE for the GAS-ENGINE DESIGNER and USER A book that tells how to construct, select, buy, install, operate and maintain a gas-engine. No cumbrous mathematics; just plain words and clear drawings. The only book that thoroughly discusses producer-gas, the coming fuel for gas-engines. Every important pressure and suction producer is described and illustrated. Practical suggestions are given to aid in the designing and ‘usialling ef producer-gas plants. Write for Descriptive Circular and Table of Contents to MUNN & COMPANY, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK fying for lease, the charge is a percentage not exceeding one and one-quarter per cent. up to £5,000, and above that by special ar- rangement. 13. For valuing freehold, copyhold or lease- hold property the charge is: On £1,000, one per cent ; thence to £10,000, one-half per cent.; above £10,000, one-quarter per cent. on residue. In valuations for mortgage, if an advance is not made, one-third of the above scale. “The minimum fee is three guineas. 14. For valuing and negotiating the settle- ment of claims under the Lands Clauses Con- solidation Act or other acts for the compulsory acquisition of property, the charge is on Ryde’s scale [omitted in this reprint], which is exclusive of attendances on juries or umpires or at arbitrations, and also of expenses and preparation of plans. 15. For estimating dilapidations and fur- nishing or checking a schedule of same, the charge is five per cent. on the estimate, but in no case less than two guineas. For services in connection with settlement of claim by arbitra- tion or otherwise, extra charges are made, under Clause 8. 16. For inspecting, reporting and advising on the sanitary condition of premises, the charge must depend on the nature and extent of the services rendered. 17. In all cases traveling and other out-of- pocket expenses are paid by the client in addi- tion to the fees. If the work is at such a dis- tance as to lead to an exceptional expenditure of time in traveling, an additional charge may be made under Clause 8 18. When an architect takes out and sup- plies to builders quantities on which to form estimates for executing his designs, he should do so with the concurrence of his client, and it is desirable that the architect should be paid by him rather than by the builder, the cost of such quantities not being included in the commission of five per cent. It will be observed that in the American schedule the percentage is designated as a ‘“minimum ”’ charge. In the British schedule we are told that the “ usual remuneration ” for an architect’s services is a commission of five per cent. As a matter of fact five per cent. is the usual charge; an architect who accepts a commission below this figure commits a grievous non-professional act which deprives him of good professional standing, and which should at once disqualify him from member- ship in his national professional organization. How far penalties in such matters are in- flicted is not generally known. With such exceptions there is no lessening of the rate below the set five per cent. The architects have fought and fought for this figure for years. [he records of the early deliberations of the Institutes are strewn with endless discussions of the necessity for five per cent., and with countless arguments why no lesser sum should be charged. ‘There is not so much discussion on this point now as for- merly, because the moderateness—the compara- tive moderateness—of the charge has been universally recognized. At the present mo- ment there is a lull in the discussion; but with the cost of living advancing, and with higher charges for everything except street car fares and boot blacking, it can not be long before our architectural minds apply themselves to the noble art of further compensation, and architects’ fees go up like everything else. On work of comparatively small cost a higher rate of compensation is to be expected and is specificially allowed in the schedule. The American schedule specifically allows an September, 1905 AQNViEIweeAN eH OMES AND GARDENS 195 HE almost entire exclusion of the great wealth of hardy plants from American gardens in favor of a few— hardly a score—of tender ones has so impoverished them of all real beauty as to make them monotonous. In almost every garden are seen the same stereotyped carpet and ribbon beds, mere lines of color, that are as unchanging during their season of four months as the patterns of carpet, and that perish entirely with the first frost. The entire labor and expense is renewed the next season, and the annual outlay is limited only by one’s willingness or ability to pay. Hardy flowers have all the artistic advantages and all the practical ones as well. Their first cost being their only cost, and their greatly increasing in size and beauty year after year, make an investment in them yield an annual dividend of loveliness not to be computed in any ordinary way. We have seen a garden where early spring is ushered in with myriads of snowdrops, crocuses and _ violets peeping through the grass, with yellow daffodils and scarlet tulips, with rarest blue of scillas, and with odor of hyacinths; and later with lilies-of-the-valley, and lilac, and hawthorns, and numerous flowering shrubs. June— the month of flowers—finds our garden fairly aglow with floral beauty, roses everywhere, in groups, on fences, sprawling on the grass with their wreaths of loveliness, clambering over bushes, and here and there covering even the tops of the trees with flowers of pink or white bloom. Not only roses, but monarch poppies, peonies, columbines, early- flowering clematises and irises in a multitude, and Easter lilies in all their purity, and the grand rhododendrons, second only to roses, and with them, later, the glorious Auratum lilies showing stately above their rich greens. With this grand June overture to summer, our garden follows quickly with a succession of Ievely and changing scenes — of day lilies, hardy pinks, exquisite Japan irises, and a procession of stately lilies, commencing with June and ending only with frost: of phloxes, hollyhocks — single and double — and clematises with their wreaths and garlands of purples, pinks and whites: of foxgloves, larkspurs and evening primroses; and our garden, daily, until frost, will have new attraction. Arranged with some judgment at first, this garden might be left to take care of itself; time would but add to its attractions, and the happy owner might go away for years and find it beautiful on his return. We have gathered together the best collection of hardy plants and bulbs in America, and will send catalogue and information about hardy gardens on request. "A Plea for Hardy Plants," by J. Wilkinson Elliott, gives much information about hardy gardens, with plans for their arrangement. We have made arrangements with the publishers of this book to furnish it to our customers at a very low price. Particulars will be sent on request. NURSER® PIT TSBURC ae ; 196 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 GRILLES “oirecr From ractor” MANTELS NZ BG SS of Every Description for Walls, Floors, Etc buys this solid oak Mantel, 80 in. high, 54 or 60 in. wide 28x16 Mirror. Heavy columns and elaborate capitals. — —— Tile facing and hearth. Club house grate, $10.00, No. 225—48 x 12 inches, $3.60. Retail value, &7.00 Write for catalog of Mantels, Grates, Tiles for floors No. 230—48 x 14 inches, with Curtain Pole, $4.50. and baths, Slate Laundry Tubs, Grilles, etc. It is free. Retail value, $9.00 Or send 10 cents to pay postage on our Art Mantel Cat- Others from $2.50 up. Largest assortment. Division alog. Mantel Outfits from $12 to $200. Screens and special Grilles to order W. F. OSTENDORF, 2417 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. Uniform Temperature It makes no difference whether you have furnace, steam or hot water apparatus; or whether it is new or old. All you need is the MINNEAPOLIS HEAT REGULATOR. It automatically controls the drafts. A change of one degree at the thermostat is sufficient to operate the dampers. This device is as simple and no more expensive than a good clock. It embodies economy, comfort and health. Has provenits merit for 22 years. BERWICK, PA., Jan. 17, 1902. CEDAR FALLS, Lowa. Find enclosed check for regulator. I have givenita Enclosed find draft for the amount due tor regulator. thorough trial, and find it all you claim for it and a very Iam very much pleased with the regulator, and would usefuldevice. Thanking you for your courtesy for the not part with it for five times what I paid for it, if1 period ot trial. FRANK FAUST. could not get it otherwise. F. Ek. MILLER, Ass’t Cashier, Cedar Falls Nutional Bank, Six years ago I installed one of your regulators in my house, and [ cannot praise it sufficiently. I can safely say it has saved me two tons of coal each season, and I have always retained an even temperature throughout the house. FRANK S, SMITH, Secretary Board of Health Warwick, N. Y. SENT ON 30 DAYS ABSOLUTELY FREE TRIAL. If not satisfactory in every way, return at our W. R. SWEATT, Secretary, expense. Writetoday. Booklet free. Ist. Ave. and GSt, Minneapolis, Minn eaeee — reeeeosony we It’s automatic JohnMackintosh TO FFE Ee If it's MACKINTOSH’S TOFFEE, it is the delicious old English candy that is taking America by storm. If it isn’t Mackintosh’s, you don’t want it unless you want an imitation, MACKINTOSH’S TOFFEE THE ORIGINAL OLD ENGLISH CANDY sold in ten-cent cartons, my name and face on every package. No, not a chewing candy. You break off a small bit and Jet it dissolve in the mouth. If your dealer smiles and says he hasn’t got Mackintosh’s, but has an imitation, if you’re genuine you will, of course, try another dealer. I am always ready to send my Toffee by mail. Send ten cents for the first size package or $1.60 for a large four-pound family tin, but try your dealer first. JOHN MACKINTOSH, Dept. 198, 78 Hudson St., New York increased cost on work costing less than $10,- 000; the British schedule recommends it on work costing less than $5,000. ‘The provision is a reasonable one. Five thousand dollars is a moderate price for a house, a figure that is not exceeded by many houses, and five per cent. on this amounts to but $250, a sum much too small to cover the work the architect has to do, without taking into account compensa- tion for his training and his brains, to say nothing of his personal taste and skill. But in buildings of large cost the five per cent. charge yields a handsome income. On a building costing $1,000,000 the architect’s fee would be $50,000. A very prominent prac- titioner in New York, a man whose work has been largely, and very largely, in buildings of great cost, figures that in a building that yields him a commission of $50,000 his profit would be half; in other words, he would make clear and above his expenses the handsome sum of $25,000. As this particular architect could build a half dozen or a dozen of such build- ings in a year, he could readily make a profit of several hundred thousands of dollars annually for as many years as the business could be had. It is apparent, therefore, that architecture is a well paid and a highly paid profession. But only in exceptional instances. “The architec- tural directories enumerate about five thou- sand architects engaged in practice in the United States and Canada. Only a very small proportion of these gentlemen earn incomes from their profession which can rightly be called great. ‘The average earnings of the average architect are often pitifully small, and even many in command of good practices complain of the meagerness of their compensa- tion and the slightness of their incomes. “The income to be derived from a practice composed of building small houses is very insignificant compared with the effort put forth and the labor involved, and this is true even if the architect charge a greatly enhanced percent ige. In most cases this is not only impossible, but is simply not done. It is the erection of important buildings which brings large fortunes to the architectural practitioner, great office buildings, splendid country houses, and important public build- ings, as a large museum, a city hall or other civic structure. Work of this description, to be well handled—and it can be touched in no other way—requires the labors of a very large office force. “There are several large archi- tects’ offices in New York which employ more than a hundred men, the largest offices in the country, save perhaps one or two in Chicago. These men are chiefly draftsmen, and must be highly skilled in their work. The number employed varies somewhat from time to time, according to the work in hand. Sometimes an effort is made to employ as many of them continuously as possible, and the best results can only be had when this is done. In other instances the men are employed and discharged as work comes in and is finished, a system that is necessarily demoralizing to esprit de corps, but which seems unavoidable unless a very large line of large work is obtained. A huge income is needed to keep such a force busy; moreover, a certain sum must be set aside for retaining the chief men, the heads of departments, the most useful members: of the force, and other indispensable men who must be retained whether there is work to be done or not. In view of such contingencies it is obvious that the two and one-half per cent. of actual cost allowed by the eminent practi- tioner above referred to is by no means an unfair amount, and it might readily fall be- low the sum needed for office expenses only. Thus far the discussion has been limited to the somewhat abstract presentation of the September, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 197 MANTELS of Quality Direct from Factory to Consumer An artistic mantel adds a tone of luxury and refinementto a room that is afforded by no other piece of furniture. When buying itis well to select from a line that is designed by the world’s most fa- mous artists and designers. We employ the most skilled talent in every department and are equip- ped to turn out strictly high- grade goods, and by making them in large quantities and sell- ing ‘‘direct to the consumer.”” we are able to save you from 35% to 50% on your purchase. Send 10 CENTS IN STAMPS for our large book entitled “ SCIENCE OF MANTEL MAKING,” which il- lustrates 100 up-to-date designs. Central Mantel Co. 1243 Olive St. St. Louis RUNNING WATER IN YOUR COUNTRY HOME [Pumps water by water-power] RIFE AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC RAM. No Attention. No Expense. Runs Continuously. Complete system extending to stable, green- house, lawn, fountains and formal gardens. Operates under 18 in.to 50 ft. fall. Elevates water 30 ft. for every foot fall used. Eighty per cent. efficiency developed. 33 Over 4,500 plants in successful operation. Large plants for towns, institutions, railroad tanks and irrigation. Catalog & estimates free RIFE ENGINE CO., 126 Liberty St., N. Y. A. W. FABER Manufactory Established 1761 Lead Pencils, Colored Pencils, Slate Pencils, Writing Slates, Inks, Stationers’ Rubber Goods, Rulers, Artists’ Colors 78 READE STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. GRAND PRIZE, Highest Award, PARIS, 1900 Racine Brass & Iron Co. RACINE, WIS. Iron, Bronze and Aluminum Castings for Automobiles Water Jacket Cylinders a Specialty. Correspondence Solicited yj ESN ld 7“YPEWRITERS “ALL Makes $1570$.75 - “GUARANTEED-CATALOGUE FREE PHILA.TYPEWRITER EXCHANGE PHILADELPHIASPITT SBURG. V0 N Y WMA Established S to a D. Dorendorf Citiy MANUFACTURER OF Flag Poles, Copper Weather Vanes and Special Copper Cable Lightning Conductors 145 CENTRE ST.,NEW YORK Take off your Hat to the MY Exes a? For whether you need-Hand or Power & C Pumps, Hay Tools Sore Ladders, Gate Hangers— Ip Fixtures 7 YERS’ are Always Best Quality and Service is the Myers al you've always got your money’s worth and @ bargain besides when you buy from 320-Page Catalog with close prices FREE, Pf. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio Details of Building Construction A cllection of 23 plates of scale drawings with introductory text By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University This book is 10 by 12% inches in size, and 2 00 substantially bound in dath. PRICE, ° FOR SALE BY MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, N. Y. City Why Not Utilize the Waste Heat for the Drying of the Clothes ? This Is Accomplished by the Use of the One Fire Heats Water, Heats Flat Irons, Boils Clothes, and Dries the Clothes by what would ordinarily be waste heat. Substantially constructed of metal throughout and absolutely fire-proof. Made in all sizes. No residence or other institution is complete without this apparatus. Send for Catalogue. We also make Dryers heated by GAS, STEAM and HOT WATER, suitable for Residences, Flat Buildings and Public Institutions. Chicago Clothes Dryer Works 340-342 Wabash Ave., Chicago 134-136 W. 24th St., New York City G 0 0 K S ror THE ARCHITECT BUILDER ano STUDENT 1905 Edition of the Architects’ D rectory and Specification Index. Containing a list of the Architects, also Land- scape and Naval Architects in the United States and Canada; _ List of Architectural Societies; Specification Index of Manufacturers of and Dealers in Building Materials. Handsomely bound in cloth. Price, postpaid............... $2.00 Brickwork ard Masonry. By Chas. F. Mitchell. A practical text-hook for students and others engaged in the design and execution of structures in. brick and stone. With nearly 600 illustrations. Cloth. TDS se\hananonodondenon pad bod boAdooodamadaaDao $2.00 Architectural Perspective for Beginners. Fourth edition, revised. By F. A. Wright, Archi- tect. Containing eleven large plates and full ‘riptive letter-press. One large quarto, hand- ely boundin cloth. Price.............. .. $3.00 KS American Renaissance. A Review of Domestic Architecture, illustrated by ninety-six half-tone plates. By Joy Wheeler Dow, Architect. Handsomely bound in cloth. Price ene tienes cee eee een eee $4.00 de ear Practical Lessons in Architectural Drawing. Suited to the wants of architectural students, Building Construction and Superintendence. carpenters, builders, and all desirous of acquir- 7 . 1 hi eae Me ing a thorough knowledge of architectural PAL ates HEC Gels Herne pun ee drawing and construction. ey Wm. B. Tuthill, as a Siy 21 pages, 25 ‘ aera 5 NUS : : trations. Part II—Carpenters’ Work, 4th edition, Be Wy AON CONS OUI, Eth YORE nN y PIPE eo 544 pages, 524 illustrations. It has been the aim of ClothteePriceserccerceneer ee oacee eee ecee $2.50 the author,in preparing these works, to furnisha series of books that shall be of practical value to all who have to do with building operations, and especially to architects, draughtsmen and build- ers. Each volume is independent and they are sold separately. The volumes are large 8vos. bound in cloth, Price, each..........0s eee eee $4.00 Draughtsman’s Manual; or, How I Can Lear Architecture. By F. T. Camp. Containing hints to enquirers and directionsin draughtsmanship. New revised and enlarged edition. One small volume. Cloth. Price ...- 0... 0900855 oon hodoDODEaCaN He -BoDaDHEaCaNE 50 \ cm Practical Building Construction. By John Parnell Allen. Designed also asa book of reference for persons engaged in building. Fourth edition, revised and enlarged, containing over 1,000 illustrations. Cloth. Price | postage QHICONUS) MLC bretelreticectesiclelsicireisiesiienientenciseeien $3.00 Vignola. Second American Edition. The five orders cf Architecture, to which are added the Greek orders, edited and translated by Arthur Lyman Tuckerman. The volume contains 84 plates, with descriptive text in English, and will afford the student a ready reference to the details of the Greek and Roman orders. One quarto VOLUN Ce ClOth eeleaTIGSitc-iccisfolstesinicle's oslouci-locels $>.00 The Drainage of Town and Country Houses. By G. A. T. Middleton, A. R.I. B.A. A text-book for the use of architects and others, illustrated by 87 diagrams and six plates showing the drain- age ofa country house, a terrace,a school and a town residence,and the bacterial disposal works of a country mansion, and the septic tank sys- Bungalows and Country Residences. ) f A series of designs aud examples of executed tem, with a chapter on sewage disposal works on work by R. A. Briggs, Architect, F. R. I. B. A. a small scale. One 8vo. Cloth. Price, net... $2.00 Fifth edition, revised and enlarged, containing 47 photo-lithographie and ink-photo plates, many of which are new in this edition. One quarto. Clothe ricetccresncwiecescserecnecteeceeccen cess $5.00 Building Construction and Drawing. Fifth edition, revised and greatly enlarged. A text-book on the principle and practice of con- struction. Specially adapted for students in science and technical schools. _ First stage, or elementary course. By Chas.F. Mitchell. 3860 pp. of text, with nearly 950 illustrations. Crown 8vo. Clothe ricesaemanesicstels sggn GoD aMaouNAD 3000 0Ccu $1.50 Houses for the Country. A series of designs and examples of executed works, with plans of each. Illustrated on 4s plates by R. A. Briggs, Architect. One quarto VOlUING rs CLOUT TRLICE le. cccciccccceacecceccleces $5.00 LD Building Construction. Advanced and honors courses. Third edition, thoroughly revised and greatly enlarged. By Charles F. Mitchell. Containing 660 pp. of text, With 570 illustrations, many being full-page or double-plates of examples, with constructional details specially drawn for this edition. C:own SV.OsmCIOUL SpE DICE eerie acleieeeieistsiencntelelatiniel=is $2.50 ‘* Colonial Houses.”’ For modern homes. desired. Prints, plain col- For sale by the Dry Lic AND. SEMEPUBLIC Use Gonna ors and tiles in dull, var- Goods Trade and Oil and supervision for new work, 5 per cent.; ; Paar general services and supervision involving alter- nished and glazed effects. Cloth Dealers. ations, 10 per cent.; special interior work and cabinet work, 10 per cent. applied to DiIsBURSEMENTS — All disbursements for traveling expenses, measurements, surveys, fées for expert advice when requested or sanctioned Standard Table Oil Cloth Co.) [=e ParTIAL SERVICES—Payments are due as follows: Preliminary studies, one-fifth of the 1 total commission; preliminary studies, general 320 Broadway, New York City. drawings and specifications, one-half of the total commission; preliminary studies, general drawings, details and_ specifications, seven- tenths of the total commission. GENERAL PractTicE—Charges are based upon the entire cost, to the client, of the work when completed, including all the fixtures nec- : essary to render it fit for occupancy. TWO SS LATHS IN. TLS WORLD A 3 0 Until an actual estimate is reached, the charges are based upon the proposed cost of the work. All payments are received as instalments of the entire fee. When the work is abandoned or suspended, the payments are due in ac- cordance with the schedule of partial services. Supervision means such inspection of the work by the architects, or their deputy, as is re- quired in their judgment to ascertain that the work is being executed according to plans and specifications, and to determine when the pay- ments are due. Continuous personal superintendence can be secured by the employment of a clerk of the works, who will be employed by the architects at the client’s expense. 4 Drawings, as instruments of service, are the gee) BEGET METAL _ = _ SHIN GLES property of the architects. Arcurrecrs: Don’t plan your building All dealings between client and contractors without considering the effect of Cortright 1 should be through the architects. Shingles. General appearance, lasting satis- ff In all cases not covered by the foregoing fection aud economy demangit. schedule, the schedule of the American Insti- CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO., Phila, and Chicago ff tute of Architects shall govern. aan apes Entirely detached houses outside of New York city are classed as country practice. (Continued in October Number) If You ae to > Build « and want a correct and beautiful house, the opposite of the | s commonplace, then you should see these books of designs: COLONIAL HOUSES, designs from $4,200 to $10,000, by express prepaid, $2.00. COLONIAL HOUSES, designs from $10,000 to $32,000, by express prepaid, $2.00. A volume containing ALL the designs shown in these two books, and including a selection of the most attractive houses from all previous issues, has been prepared, by express prepaid, $5.00. These books show large, correctly drawn perspectives, full floor plans, and complete descriptions, with estimates of cost. The designs are NEW, ORIGINAL, UNIQUE, CONSISTENT. They combine beauty of exterior with complete and convenient interiors. If you are at all interested in the subject you will find these publications valuable. Sketches to carry out your ideas—special plans made. COMPLETE PLANS FOR ANY OF THE DESIGNS FURNISHED. ADDRESS E. S. CHILD, Architect, Room 48 60 New Street. NEW YORK September, 1905 ANLE GAN SHOMES AND GARDENS 199 THE ‘““CHAMPION” LOCK JOINT Metal Shingle | Inexpensive Ornamental! | Durable ao MADE BY 6 CO. 1610 E. Fifth St. CANTON, OHIO Also Makers of Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Etc. UR remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant, smokeless gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one-fourth as much as Acetylene. Most durable and least expensive apparatus to maintain in effective perpetual operation. Gives services of lighting, cooking, and heating. Fullest satisfaction guaranteed, and easy terms The very apparatus for suburban homes, institu- tions, etc. We construct special apparatus also for fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equiv- alent to city gas at 50 cents per 1,ooo cubic feet, and made to respond to very large demands, also for lighting towns, etc. Cc. M. KEMP MFG. CO., BALTIMORE, MD. Locations for Builders Throughout the Southwest, especially in Oklahoma and Indian Territories, Ar- kansas and Texas, along the line of the numerous towns and small cities have sprung up along the many new lines of the System that have recently been con- structed, and openings for builders, con- tractors, architects and manufacturers in many lines ezist, Send for a copy of handbook entitled “ Opportunities.” MH. Schulter, tnaustriat commissioner Frisco Building $t. Louis, Mito. MARSTON’S HAND AND FOOT POWER CIRCULAR SAW l il eT We, dl] ( Wy AY ~ Bm ri ih ¥ \ Zz Ze Z \e = Ss S p Wh gel itn : Duwi Lu A — eee Iron Frame, 36 inches high. CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED, with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in, Stecl shafts and best Rabbitt metal boxcs Boring table and side treadle. Gears are all machine-cut from solid iron. Weight, complete, 350 Ibs, Two 7-inch saws and two crank handles with each machine. Send for catalogue. J. M. Marston & Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass. Four Trains Daily between Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati and the South, via Monon Route and C. H. & D. Two Trains Daily between Chicago, Louisville and West Baden and French Lick Springs. Three Trains Chicago to LaFayette. Parlor Cars on Day Trains, Palace Sleeping and Compartment Cars on Night Trains. FRANX J. REED, CHAS. H. ROCKWELL, Gen. Pass. Agt., Trafic Manager, CHICAGO, 200 SE. 45a This Label is on Genuine Pantasote Furniture Accept no Substitute Insist upon Pantasote oN e Zz =n x os = nan - SB [=] rm a 4H A) S ZN 1S a PENAL OFFEW PAC-SINILE TRADE-MARK LABEL Leather IS BEST FOR UPHOLSTERY YOU CAN’T TELL THE DIFFERENCE between Pantasote Leather and real leather. Pantasote Leather can be used for every purpose for which real Jeather isadapted. Pantasote is durable, bright, odorless, easily cleaned, does not crack, is fireproof, waterproof, and wears and looks like leather in every respect. PANTASOTE Costs One-Third as much as Real Leather The great demand for Pantasote has led to the substitution of many inferior imitations. To protect you against fraud accept no furniture as covered with Pantasote from your dealer or upholsterer unless it bears our trade-mark label as shown above. Do not accept his ‘Just as good’’ theory; insist upon Pantasote. See that the word ““PANTASOTE”’ is embossed on selvage edge of all piece goods. Pantasote was awarded the Grand Prize and two Gold Medals at’St. Louis. FOR TRIAL PURPOSES we have for sale four sizes of chair seats, which give you the amount of upholstery material you want, making the cost very small for new seats for chairs you may have that need reupholstering. We will send, on receipt of price and name of uphoisterer, chair seat size 18 x 18 inch, 25c.3 25 x 25 inch, 50c.; 27 x 27 inch, 70¢.; 36 x 36 inch, $1.00. Upon application, will send our catalogue showing material in the different colors in which it is made. THE PANTASOTE COMPANY Dept. Six, 11 Broadway, New York ae Your New Home is going to be “‘just right” if you can make it so. Do you know that nothing adds so much to the appearance of a building as artistic hardware? You must have hardware of some kind; the beautiful kind — Sargent’s c Artistic Hardware increases the attractiveness of the home and adds to its enjoyment. ‘The difference in cost between poor hardware and Sargent’s best is but trifling. To help you to make a selection, we will be glad to send on request a copy of Sargent’s Book of Designs, which shows many pleasing patterns suited to all tastes. « Sb Ra dle as AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS SARGENT & COMPANY, ini auisic Hardest: 156 Leonard Street, New York September, 1905 FIFTY SUGGESTIONS FOR THE HOUSE 9. Planning the Bedroom Ie ARRANGING the bedroom it should be remembered that the location of the bed is the chief consideration. It should be so placed that the air will freely circulate around it without being in a draft; the door, in opening, should screen the bed and not ex- pose it, and sufficient window space should be provided to give ample light without too much. A bedroom is always a possible sickroom, and the light should be adjusted to the needs of a sick person. 10. The Prevention of Drafts IN order to prevent the production of drafts in the ventilation of rooms the movement of the incoming air must be slow and gentle; it must be agreeable in temperature, and its humidity must not be too great nor too low. The conditions which cause draft are (1) too great rapidity of current, (2) too low a tem- perature, (3) excessive or (4) insufficient humidity of the air. The current of air should be broken up as much as possible by subdivid- ing the openings of both inlets and outlets, especially the inlet openings—Dr. D. H. Bergey. 11. Attics ALTHOUGH attics with sloping ceilings are placed in the roof for economy, they are bad from a sanitary point of view, because of being extremely cold in winter and hot in summer. Care must, therefore, be taken to keep an air space between the ceiling of the room and the outer covering of the roof, or, if the whole of the room is in the roof, to fill in between the rafters with slag wool and to place roofing felt or building paper under the slates or tiles. In all cases it is advisable to have rough board- ing and not battens under the slates, the continuous wood surface forming a non-con- ducting material. The eaves of the roof should project so as to protect the wall from rain, and the latter should not be allowed to run down the walls and make them damp.— B. F. and H. P. Fletcher. NEW BOOKS The Art of Wood Carving Easy LESSONS IN THE ART OF PRACTICAL Woop Carvinc. By Fred. T. Hodgson. Chicago: Frederick J. Drake & Co., 1905. Pp. 284. Price, $1.50. This book has been prepared for the car- penter, joiner, amateur and professional wood carver. It attacks the subject from the point of view of the practical wood worker. It is not an art text-book, but a practical hand- book that appeals to a very large class of workers in wood. ‘The lessons given in this book commence at the very beginning of carving, and lead the young workman by easy steps through the mazes of the art, until he is able to turn out work of a creditable character. “The use and care of carvers’ tools are given and explained, and the tools described and shown by illus- trations, with methods of sharpening and hon- ing the tools. All sorts of appliances are shown, described and illustrated for holding the work and for preparing the tools and fin- ishing up the carvings. ‘The various styles” of carving are fully described, such as flat carving, chip carving, incised carving, scratch carving, figure carving, carving in relief, round carving and jewelry carving. Lessons are given in each one of the styles, and also a description of the tools used and methods of using them. A chapter on the kinds of wood September, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 201 cA New Industry~ Wena Profitable Cement Machine makes cement stone that looks like natural stone. Many faces. Makes any sized hollow cement blocks from 2 inches to 6 feet long; also doors, sills, coping, lintels, ornamental designs, etc. Tamps on the face of the mould, allowing use of a 2 to | mixture of sand and cement for facing, making the block impervious to moisture and true to pattem, and a 5 to | mixture for backing. This saves cement and makes the strongest blocks. Hercules Blocks are cheaper and more durable for building purposes than lumber, bnck or stone. Demand for Hercules Blocks strong, and increas- ing every day. Large profits for cement stone makers. Small capital required, as one machine makes every shape of stone. Send for Catalog C and read about this new and profitable industry. CENTURY CEMENT MACHINE CO. 180 West Main Street ROCHESTER, N.Y. Hercules CAF CAF) CAFO CAFO OF CAFO CBO CIO CIOCOS FOOD }. TAM Complete Outfit Hand and Foot Power Our No. 3 W ood Turning’ Lathe can be speeded from 1,000 to 2,000 revolutions a minute with perfect ease. Stopped or reversed at will of operator. WRITE FOR PARTICULARS W.F. & John Barnes Co, 567 RUBY ST. ROCKFORD, ILL. CRIDC.SDC.awD CWA CAD CAVA Colt’s U Bar Clamps ~ ADAPTED TO ALL THE TRADES. Predominant Efficiency in the Shop. Broad, Strong Grip Instant action. No loosening by jarring. Made witk crank or bar screw when desired. In all their parts these clamps bear the signs of a peculiar fitness for the work intended. Send for catalogue and price list. MANUFACTURED BY THE BATAVIA CLAMP CO. 19 Cer-ter Street, Batavia, N. Y. or the wrong medicine adminis tered by mistake—cases like POI ON | | this happen every day; avoid ) G> them by keeping your medicines *¢ in a Farigray Cabinet. FARIGRAY Medicine and Shaving Cabinet A chest in which every bottle is in front, with the label in plain view —hands you the bottle you’re look- ing for. Shelves in door are so made that ottles can’t fall off. Holds 50 bottles of sizes. 17 in. wide, 23% in. bigh, 734 n. deep. 10x14 in. beveled plate mirror— djustable to most any angle for shaving. Beautiful piece of cabinet work, hand- somely finished in antique oak or white enamel. PRICE SHIPPED ON ONLY $7.00 APPROVAL CLOSED The only practical, —™ safe, convenient and [ay economical medicine pays chest. i Freight prepaid north H of the Ohio, west of py the Alleghanies, and ea east of Kansas on re- Paa ceipt of price — pro- Gey fated to other points. # Wrice for our time =.@98 payment proposition to ad you. Address ba @) FARISH & GRAY { Makers of Fine | Furniture Specialties M 329 LincolnTrust Bldg. t. Louis An Architect, specifying “THATCHER” goods does so with the assurance that his client gets the best made and saves money in fuel. THATCHER FURNACE COM PAN Y 110-116 Beekman Street, New York City Works, Newark, N. J. 202 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS LRRLLRLLLLLELE LE EEELELELELELLLEEE Ba Baa a a a aa a a 8 aa a a a a a a HS | Ure) ce American states and Gardens 2 = 4to. 11x 13% inches. Illuminated Cover and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. Price, $10.00 EB FABRE FB a RB FS a RB a a aa aa a a a a 8 a a a By~ BARR FERREE Editor of “‘American Homes and Gardens,’ Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute of British Architects @ & SUMPTUOUS BOOK dealing with some of the most stately houses and charming gardens in America. are in nearly all cases made from original photographs, and are beautifully printed on double coated paper. The book will prove one of the most interesting books of the year, and will fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a luxurious book on our American Homes. cMunn 6& Company Publishers of ‘‘SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ” No. 361 Broadway~ :: New York Fn i nn in nn nn bs osm P “Ur Bria’ Sou aa (ae LH MBER EE The illustrations Attractively bound. FB aE aS Ba a FB 8a 8 8 8 a a a a a a a a a a a8 a September, 1905 best adapted for the several kinds of carvings is given, also a short treatise on proper methods of design for carved work, showing how to harmonize and properly balance orna- mental design for carved work. The book contains over two hundred illustrations, with a number of full page plates, on which are de- signs made for actual working purposes. Illus- trations are also given of tools, showing shapes and sizes, and manner of handling them. The book is a treatise on wood carving, and is not concerned with the manufacture of fur- niture, nor with practical applications of carved surfaces. The author’s purpose is to show how a carved surface may be produced or a piece of carving in relief. This is an im- portant subject in itself, and quite sufficient to form the theme of a single volume. This book is largely made up of articles contributed by its author to sundry technical journals, but entirely rewritten and newly arranged. The descriptions of the tools and methods are con- cisely given, and the book will be found of peculiar value to the wood worker. The Scented Garden THe Book oF THE SCENTED GARDEN. By F. W. Burbridge. London and New York: John Lane, 1905. Pp. 16-96. This little book, which forms one of the Handbooks of Practical Gardening brought out by Mr. Lane, deals with a novel and interesting subject. The important part taken by flower odors in their relation to insects has long been the subject of scientific investigation and research, but Mr. Burbridge touches on this aspect of the question only in a slight de- gree. His theme is the much more subtle and delightful one of growing and arranging scented flowers as a source of pure joy and de- light, and he develops this interesting argu- ment in a thoroughly interesting and fascinat- ing manner. Mr. Burbridge argues eloquently for an inclosed garden and a garden house. His inclosed garden is something quite different from a garden surrounded with a fence or wall, but a sort of “holy of holies,” being at one and the same time a wind-sheltered sun- trap and a site for a garden house sacred, as it were, for one’s own children and to our most intimate friends. “This he designs to be a garden of sweet-scented plants and flowers, a ““ garden of spices.” The idea is a beautiful one. The planting of flowers and plants for scenic effect, for masses of bloom and foliage, is an art already brought to a high degree of perfection and development; but the present author goes further, and points out, with quite ample illustration and with keen and happy suggestion, the value of growing plants for their perfumes, and the pleasure that may be obtained from a garden devised for this especial purpose. Yet a list, he adds, however complete, of fragrant flowers and leaves, would not help much in the real art of making a sweet-scented garden. It must be an evolution or real growth, an individual development, and not a mere suggestion or copy of a garden else- where. The point is a valuable one, and is _ quite as helpful in application to a garden arranged in the usual manner as to one espe- cially planted for his scented odors. The book includes, among much other in- teresting matter, a brief chapter on the spice islands of Europe, receipts for potpourri, an A B C list of perfumes, essential oils, etc., and the plants which afford them, together with helpful bibliographies on the general sub- ject of scented plants. The list of perfumes is exceedingly full and very complete. The book is of real value and is extraordinarily sug- gestive. September, 1905 I WHICH HEATING SYSTEM ? How are you going to heat your house ? Don’t guess which is the best Sys- tem, and don’t let any one guess for you—investigate and decide for yourself. Our book will help you decide right —it tells, in plain English :— (1) where and why THE KELSEY WARM AIR GENERATOR is en- tirely different from all other Systems —Furnace, Steam, Hot Water, etc. (2) why it gives healthier heat and more of it (3) why it gives a more even and uni- form distribution of the heat (4) why it is so much cleaner and easier to operate (5) why it costs so much less for fuel (6) why it costs so much less for repairs Any manufacturer can make these claims—and most of them do—but no one else can prove all these claims. We can—and we do. Do you want the proof? KELSEY HEAT means Healthy Heat—pure, fresh air, warmed to just the right temperature, in every room and in every part of every room, no matter what the weather or conditions. No hot or cold spots—no coal dust or gas—no unsightly pipes or radiators to increase the cost, gather dirt, get out of order, leak, freeze or burst—and no more big coal bills! Adapted to Homes, Schools and Churches of all sizes and styles—old or new. 27,000 actually in use. Get the book. Kelsey Heating Co. Main Office Branch Office 342 West Fayette St. 156 Fifth Avenue SYRACUSE, N.Y. NEW YORK Every Remington Typewriter Lasts. Therefore Remington Supremacy Lasts. Remington Typewriter Co. 327 Broadway, New York. AMERICAN HOMES SCIENTIFIC AGN. DIS VGrFASRED IES NES AMERICAN Mest Ea EN CE BOOK 12mo; 516 pages; illustrated; 6 colored plates. Price $1.50, postpaid @ The result of the queries of three generations Ree | Weis...) months. {AMERICAN i = business man. “Ss ——~ i — The “Scientific American Ref- erence Book” has been com- piled after gauging the known wants of thousands. It has been re- vised by eminent statisticians. In/or- mation has been drawn from over one ton of Government reportsalone. Itis a book for everyday reference—more useful than an encyclopedia, because you will find what you want in an instant in a more condensed form. The chapter relating to patents, trade- marks and copyrights is a thorough one and aims to give inventors proper legal aid. The chapter on manufac- tures deals with most interesting fig- ures, admirably presented for refer- ence. The chapter dealing with Me- chanical Movements contains nearly three hundred illustrations, and they are more reliable than those published in any other book—they are operative. Weights and measures occupy a con- siderable section of the book, and are indispensable for purposes of refer- ence. Sixty years of experience alone have made it possible for the publish- ers of the Scientific American to pre- sent to the purchasers of this book a remarkable aggregation of information. The very wide range of topics covered in the ‘Scientific American Reference Book’’ may be inferred by examining the table of contents sent on request. The first edition of this work is 10,000 copies. The readers of the Scientific American are requested to send in their orders promptly. Remit $1.50, and the book will be promptly mailed. Send to-day. of readers and correspondents is crystallized in this book, which has been in course of preparation for It is indispensable to every family and It deals with matters of interest to everybody. The book contains 50,000 facts, and is much more complete and more exhaustive than anything of the kind which has ever been attempted. LOCOMOTLIVES OF THE WORLD COMPARED. REDUCED FACSIMILE PAGE 118, MUNN & CO., Publishers Scientific Amencan Office 361 Broadway, New York City SSS —— HARDY PLANTS WORTH HAVING S the saving of time and dollars worth while > @ Yes. Then always buy the very highest grade obtainable of hardy trees and plants. Send to us for them, no matter how far away you live. G Get results—prompt, satisfactory, eco- nomical results. Our stock produces them. Why? Because it is grown with an amount of care and an attention to details that is unusual. Though our plants are low priced, they are grown in the best manner, regardless of expense. @ We make certain that our plants are Strong, healthy, full of life. No cheaply grown, unsatisfactory, time-wasting weak- lings for our customers—only vigorous, sturdy stock. @ Modest rates and an exceptionally large assortment make the world our market We surely can offer valuable suggestions and give practical advice to distant cus- tomers and deliver stock to them in per- fect condition. @ Our specialty is hardy ornamentals—trees, shrubs, vines, evergreens and hardy perennials —all the good old kinds and the best of the new. The beautiful literature offering this stock is interesting, helpful, fullof useful suggestions and well illustrated. @ if you need hardy plants of any kind, write a letter about them, enclosing two-cent stamp, and ask for our catalogue. It may be greatly to your benefit to be on our mailing list. A new race of flowers will make a horticultural sensation when we decide to advertise them. THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, Inc. Box P, Germantown PHILADELPHIA, PA. 204 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 The HAMPION IRON CO. KENTON, OHIO. STRUCTURAL IRON. ORNAMENTAL CAST AND WROUGHT IRON. JAIL CELL WORK. FENCES AND RAILINGS. © 6 8 / Catalogue of above furnished, and Prices quoted on application. Absolutely safe and reliable. Ask your friends. A Stubby Tower A Squatty Tank An Ugly Cover are all evidences that water supply outfits are not made by the W. E. CALDWELL Co. LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY 27 ft. Tower, 3,000 gal. Tank, pues Our Plants are Stately and Beautiful Mr. O. H. Lawrence Waverly, N. Y. Ghe Davis @ Roesch Water Thermostat A DRAFT CONTROLLER FOR HOT WATER HEATERS Simple, Durable, Accurate, Inexpensive. Will save 25 per cent. of your coal bill. Will regulate the tempera- ture of your whole house. ; | Catalogue free upon request. Davis & Roesch Temperature Controlling Co. NEWARK, N. J. PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT Ceilings and Partitions A MATERIAL that has the power to re- sist the transmission of heat and cold, by holding in confinement a right pro- portion of air, is secured for builders of homes by the use of mineral wool. It protects against frost, fire, sound, insects, rodents and germs, and furnishes the comforts of seasonal warmth and coolness and extreme dryness. Mineral and organic fibers form its basis and it is made into constructional consistency by converting scoria and certain rocks while in a melted condition to a fibrous state. Analysis of the wool shows it to be a silicate of magnesia lime, alumina, potash and soda, and consequently it will not decay or become musty, nor yield nourishment to insects and vermin. ‘The ap- plication of mineral wool is shown clearly in the accompanying engraving. In working on a specification of’ such a ceiling the operator D i yy B SEMI-FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION. begins to fur below the bottom of each joint, longitudinally, with a metal furring strip not less than one inch wide; the strip, if corru- gated, to be of No. 20 gage band iron, and if not corrugated, No. 10. After fastening the furring strips, lath the ceiling with metal lath. The lath must be put on running crosswise of the joists; and fill on top of the lath with two inches of the wool. ‘The furring strips and lath should be fastened in place with staples long enough to drive at least one inch into the joists. Any kind of wire or metal lath can be used with this ceiling. Lath with an open mesh, such as the Roebling or ex- panded metal lath, can be put on with the least trouble, for the reason that the staples can be driven more readily. Mineral wool is placed upon the metal or wire lath, carefully packed underneath the joist, and extended up between September, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 205 10 Pressed Cement Brick} R TJ] RTL IT NGION eV ONE pies eee Venetian Blinds Sliding Blinds Screens and Screen Doors === of Highest Quality Surest Sellers Plain, Colored or Ornamental Any style of wood for any style of window. Backed by the endorsements of ll thousands of satisfied custom- || | ers. Made on honor. Sold on merit and guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. WQ Proved by actual use to be the most practical and satisfactory blinds and screens on the market. SY For your own best interests and = your customers, send for Free Operated by hand 1 to 3 times per minute, 80,000-Ib. pressure <= = Booklet Catalogue, giving prices 10,000 Bricks a day with 10 men, or 7 men and a mixer and full particulars. a Catalog and prices sent on request QUEEN CITY BRICK MACHINE CO. BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 LAKE STREET, BURLINGTON, VT. Deer C Traverse City, Micu. Write for illustrated booklet W free. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., Jersey City, N. J. Engineers’ and eber & Co ; P RESIDENCE OF DR. H. B. JACOBS, NEWPORT, R. I. + Draughtsmen’s Supplies MR. J. R. POPE, ARCHITECT. ONE OF THE THOUSANDS OF HOMES HEATED BY Richardson & Boynton Co. eS A LR > Sole Agents for RIEFLER’S INSTRUMENTS, on’: Pantographs, Drawing and Blue Print Papers, Drawing Boards, Tabies, Squares, Tri- angles, Etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Transits, and Levels of Best Makes Send for Illustrated Catalogue, Vol. III 1125 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore Winter weather defied and homes given a summer climate with these powerful, economical Heating Apparatus. {Correspondence respectfully solicited from parties wanting to adopt the best methods of heating, 2 cH ce a STEAM AND WATER BOILERS WARM-AIR FURNACES COOKING RANGES, ETC. Richardson & Boynton Co. (Established 1837) waxe Concrete Building °w* Blocks Best, Fastest, Simplest, Cheapest MACHINE No crackage or breakage No off-bearing No expensive iron pallets No cogs, gears, springs or levers Move the Machine, Not the Blocks 7" THE PETTYJOHN CO. C 617 N. 6th Street, Terre Haute, Ind. BRISTOLW’S RECORDING THERMOMETER, Wl Located within house. records on 234 WATER STREET, NEW YORK WH a weekly chart outside tempera- J ture. Also, Bristol's Recording 84 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO 51 PORTLAND STREET, BOSTON Pressure Gauges, Volt, Ampere and Watt Meters. Over 100 differ- ent varieties, and guaranteed. Send for catalogue. THE BRISTOL CO.,Waterbury, Conn. 206 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 them to any desired height. ‘The wool should be put in place before plastering, and it will be found the most economical to do this when the lathing is done. ‘The lath is plastered underneath, as usual. Mineral wool is soft and pliable, and the plaster forms a perfect key when applied after the wool is placed. This material is entirely non-combustible, and no degree of heat possible in a burning build- ing will consume it. The plan of construction here illustrated and described will make a structure practically fireproof. This form of construction also thoroughly deafens the floor and ceiling, so that sound will not pass through them. By placing the wool on the ceiling, the floors are deafened better than by any other process, as the ceiling is disconnected from the joists, and the deafening material is under the same. “The form of construction can be still further carried out and improved by laying a rough floor on top of the joists and stripping them, and placing mineral wool between the IR OOFING TIN m | strips the thickness of the latter, and then laying the finished floor. The wool in the ceiling will prevent a fire reaching the joists was first specified, it was the only satisfactory or open space between them from below, and roofing material on the market; it met the needs eae in the Aoors Wil oe of the building public and that meant popularity. States Mineral Wool Company, No. 143 Z tee 3 ‘ : ae Liberty Street, New York, N. Y., manufac- To-day MF is held in just as high favor—it is tures the material “(hel useathiaialneees 1 1 st 7 ; x walls, partitions and roofs, for apartment the symbol of all that is good in roof coverings, Ware, in duelitnes ad aaa and it isa perfect representative of all that 1s good is very fully treated in an illustrated brochure ee : os a | issued by the firm, under the title, “ The Uses and best in the materials used for making roofing of Minecal Wool'in. Architecture”? anda tin. ‘The process is identical with that used eighty on the application{@# any; Oh ita ae the ber. years ago, and if you would like to know exactly - how MF Tin has always been made, send for our Silica-Graphite Paint booklet “**From Underfoot to Overhead’’; you will be interested in the methods and the results. ie expense and annoyance of frequent Write to cur Advertising Department. repainting can be avoided by the use of a coating of flake graphite and silica for pigments, and boiled linseed oil for a binder. A product of this nature has certain economical features over the ordinary paints, AMERICAN in that the flake graphite is a lubricant, and in SHEET @ TIN PLATE its use as a pigment the paint is brushed on with great ease, saving materially in cost of COMPANY labor and brushes, and giving a covering power of five to six hundred square feet to FRICK BUILDING PITTSBURGH, PA. the gallon. It is known to have given a service of seven years on the iron-covered elevator building of the Kentucky Public Elevator Co., Louisville, Ky.; eleven years’ protection without repainting on the one mile, four track wide steel elevated structure of the Pennsylvania Railroad Co., Jersey City, N. J., and five years on the one hundred and fifty feet steel smoke stack of the Columbus-Edison Electric Light Co., Columbus, Ohio. This Grand Ra lds paint is famous for its use on many of the ] A most important and most extensive construc- tions in this country. The great piers at ALL-STEEL Hoboken, N. J., nine hundred feet long and PENDING PATENT ““BALL-BEARINC”’ ninety feet wide, where the paint covers all structural steelwork, column jackets and doors. It preserves the structural steelwork of the grand St. Regis Hotel, New York; the Government buildings at Annapolis; the Wa- bash’ Railroad Terminal, Pittsburg; the Trinity Building, New York; the Lafayette Hotel, Buffalo, and the great “ Hot Metal A Id Direct ild= Brae ney : ; : Eri Contractors eoainnie Bridge,” Union Railroad, Pittsburg. It is rae So also remarkable for its adoption by owners ff you make ten or ten thousand window frames, we can save you money of buildings and constructions of the lesser and give you a superior sash pulley. We are the largest sash pulley makers in sort, such as dairy and farmhouses, small the world. We ship direct, or through dealers and jobbers everywhere. Write for catalogue and free samples and prices on half-gross, gross, barrel or any quantity. Direct from the makers to you. Inquiries welcome. stations, shops and dwellings. Graphite paint meets fully all the requirements of preserva- tion. The graphite is a natural product mined by the Di C Ticond : GRAND RAPIDS HARDWARE Co. || N.Y. and is the only: pieeteeeit aiemeatt 17 PEARL STREET, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. known to exist. It assumes the flake form in ) | its physical structure, and from this fact alone, September, 1905 muenty Strong Reasons Make NATURO Seats ESSENTIAL TO THE WELL-BEING OF SENSIBLE PEOPLE THE FIRST IMPROVEMENT IN 1,000 YEARS IN THIS VITAL APPLIANCE rhe NATURO Bowl, by reason of its height and shape (lower at rear than in front, and lower at its highest point than is the ordinary closet), makes a proper position compulsory, the desira- bility of which condition is so self-evident that argument can hardly emphasize it. The NATUR Seat provides a seat more comfortable by far than that now commonly used, and is also hygienically AMERICAN HOMES perfect. WNATUR® costs no more than the 1,000-year-old style. Why not have the kind nature demands? Have you given the attention to this most important question that its bear- ing upon your good health requires? Send for our booklet going fully into the reasons why NATUR should be in your home. Ask your plumber about NATUR He probably has one in his showroom. Send us his name and address if he cannot show it. THE NATURO COMPANY, new siMscy Cc. H. MUCKENHIRN, Presivent AND GARDENS | 207 @ The Interna- tional Studio, while treating of every Art and The Craft, fee International Been ci Out Studio Landscape Gar- 50 Cents Per Month $5.00 Per Year THE ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE OF FINE AND APPLIED ARTS dening, Sculpture, Painting, Ceram- ICs, Metal, Fur- niture, Glass, De- signa hea birdies Bookbinding, Lithography, Enamel, Jewelry, etc., gives especial atten- tion to the subjects of interest to those who live in houses or build them. @ Beginning with the October number there will appear a Special New Series of Articles on the current work of our leading architects, replete with suggestion in text and illustration. @ Everything to do with the House as an artistic problem, both in exterior and interior aspects, is put before the reader in its best and latest development. @ Color plates suitable for framing, and upwards of 100 Black and White Illustrations in every variety of repro- ductive process in every number. SEND 25 CENTS FOR SAMPLE COPY John Lane Company, New York @ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. @ The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration 1s The Architectural Record @ If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a sample copy—free THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY 14-16 Vesey Street, New York 208 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDE September, 1905 ‘A SECTION AT A TIME JUST AS YOU NEED THEM A SECTION BOUGHT TO-DAY FITS A SECTION BOUGHT FIVE YEARS HENCE Our Steelsects, or sectional cases, are interchangeable. You can have them every section complete or in combination. Check files, letter files, document files, safety deposit boxes, roller shelving, blank files, etc. Write for our Catalogue 30 S BERGER’S Steel Sectional Cabinets are adapted to every kind of office, the lawyer, the doctor, the manufacturer, the business man, and all professional use. We also make special equipment to order. Ask for our steel equip- ment catalogue. We also make steel ceilings and other sheet metal architectural work. THE BERGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY CANTON, OC: A H.G. 6-5 NEW YvorRK BOSTON PHILADELPHIA For Factories, Mills, Foundries, Etc. A line of sash five hundred feet in length | can be operated from one station if desired. Adapted to any kind of sash, hinged or pivoted. MANUFACTURED ONLY BY THE C. DROUVE COMPANY, BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Manufacturers and Erectors of Cornices, Uentilators, and Sheet Metal Architectural Work of Every Description. WE INVITE CORRESPONDENCE AND GUARANTEE SATISFACTION, = ARTISTIC MANTELS @Our line embraces everything needed for the fireplace, and our Mantels range in price from $2.65 up. Catalogue free. ARS THE GEO. W. CLARK CO. 91 Dearborn St., Caicago, Ill. 306 Main St., Jacksonville, Fla. (Factory: Knoxville, Tenn.) Gang aL ma (A wee | if for no other reason, comes its great value as a paint pigment. ‘There is no known solvent for this material, nor is there any chemical reaction that will affect it. Owing to the firm’s special process of milling, it is enabled to obtain a particularly finely divided product. Dixon’s Silica-Graphite Paint comes ready to apply, and only in original packages. It is the result of over forty years of constant en- deavor to produce the best article possible. ‘There are authentic instances of twenty-five years’ duration, and in just the surroundings as regards moisture and sulphurous fumes that would utterly destroy most paints, where the graphite is wearing perfectly, and, at the same time, resisting atmospheric action. Other forms of graphite and their respective uses may be found fully treated in the literature of the Joseph Dixon Crucible Co., Jersey City, N. J. Send for special circulars on the subject of graphite paint and other productions; a few of the large number of this great industry being “ Black Lead Crucibles and Retorts,”’ “ Fine Office and Drawing Pencils,’ ‘‘ Colored Crayons,” “Lumber Leads,” “ Electrotyping Graphite,’ ‘“‘ Automobile and Bicycle Lubri- cants,” ‘Stove Cement,” ‘‘ Graphite Oil” and graphite products for electricians. Artistic Metal Ceilings and Walls Mire for ceilings and walls is con- sidered as certainly possessing the remedial features needed when these parts of a room are deemed incapable of improvement by the reuse of the original ma- terial. But this view, based on stanchness and durability, only tells a portion of the story of the modern employment of metal in relation to interior construction. ‘The artistic reaches possible through the skill of the de- signer make its patterns as fine as those in vogue by any other method; the stamping fur- nishes the relief effects of light and shade, that stand out with exquisite distinctness; the painting can be done to keep the colors in harmonious mass with all surroundings. STEEL STAMPED CEILING. These goods that are so valuable in prescrib- ing an applicable remedy, fit, ready and beau- tiful to cover battered and stained ccilings and walls, are being increasingly specified by architects in appropriate combinations suitable for all classes of new buildings. And, then, it is so easily arranged to have a house or any part of it furnished with this decorative and durable product, by sending diagrams showing sizes of the ceiling line, mentioning its use, height and size of cornice desired, and, if any, the size and location of girders. A blue- September, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 209 € =a 1-2 CEILING FREE SAMPLE es ~ —_— The Use of SACKETT PLASTER BOARDS means better protection against heat and cold as com- pared with ordinary lath construction. It means quiet within, for the Boards are sound deadeners. It means dry walls and undamaged frescoes, for far less water is needed in plastering. It means that the plaster cannot fall or erack. It means security, for it is an excellent fire resistant, where lath is tinder. Sackett Wall Board Co. SEND FORFREE SAM- Grand Rapids Plaster Co. 17 Battery Place, N.Y. PLE AND BOOKLET Grand Rapids, Mich. Stationaries, Portables, Hoisters, Pumpers, Sawing and Boat Outfits, Combined with Dynamos. Gasoline, Gas, Kerosene. Send for Catalogue. State Power Needs. CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO, BOX 69, STERLING, ILL, read ‘‘House Hints,” Before you buy, telling how to distin- guish advantages and Valuable Catalogue and Booklet ““Warmth,’’ on Modern Steam and Hot Water Heating, mailed free. THE HERENDEEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY 9 Orange St., GENEVA, N. Y. 39 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK ZPLLSLSLSPLELEELAPSSSSLSSSSEEEE g American Homes and Gardens $52 Regal . and Scientific licen Cop as, THE CELEBRATED FURMAN BOILERS | | As an investment, Furman Boilers return large Dividends in Improved Health, Increased Comfort and Fuel Saved. Selling {| EDW. S. DEAN, Bloomington, III. E. K. BARR, La Crosse, Wis. | Agents! JAS. SPEAR S.&H. CO., 1014 Market St., PHILADELPHIA Address 39 Oliver St., BOSTON MeEYFri1Can Address for $6.00 own Electric Light Plant E have complete outfits for residences of any size, summer homes, camps, hotels, schools, launches; yachts, etc. Every detail in- cluded ; very best material ;. absolutely practical. So simple no electrician required. Light all the Time, as storage battery included. Gas, Gasoline or Steam engines used give plenty of power for pump- ing water, sawing wood, refrigeration, etc. We would like to send every reader of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS who is likely to be inter- ested our new 60-page Catalogue describing over 130 different outfits. Address RESIDENCE LIGHTING DEPARTMENT RICHARDSON ENGINEERING CO., HARTFORD, CONN. T. H:BROOKSECO.cLEvELANS 0. Oo detect shortcomings in loca- build, or rent tion, construction, appoint- : ments, etc. A hundred dol- lars’ worth of information, sent postpaid, for 2sc. HOUSE HINTS PUBLISHING CO., Dept.“ C,” Philadelphia FLooR&SIDEWALK LIGHTS. _OF EVERY ‘DESCRIPTION. SEND fRCATALOGUE. Cottage Designs HESE books offer to architects, builders, homeseekers and investors by far the most complete collection of plans ever brought out, while the price is so low as to place them within the reach of all who have an interest in the building of homes. The designs are compiled with a view to representing all grades of cost, from the simplest types of cottages, as illustrated in the first series, to the comparatively elaborate structures reaching to $10,000 or more, in cost, treated in the fourth series, so that examples are given covering nearly every requirement, with respect to cost, in inexpensive homes. No. 1. Cottage Designs with Constructive Details A series of twenty-five designs of cottages, most of which have been erected, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500; together with details of interior and exterior finish, all drawn to convenient scale, and accompanied by brief specifications. Illustrated with 53 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. Ha, Low Cost Houses with Constructive Details Embracing upward of twenty-five selected designs of cottages originally costing from $750 to $2,500, accompanied with elevations, floor plans and details of construction, all drawn to scale, together with brief descriptions and, in many instances, full specifications and detailed estimates of cost. Illustrated by 61 full-page plates of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 3. Modern Dwellings with Constructive Details A selection of twenty designs of artistic suburban dwellings erected in various parts of the country, at costs ranging from $2,000 to $5,000; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, and drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. [Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions, from photographs of the completed structures, and 61 full-page plates, of floor plans, elevations and details. No. 4. Suburban Homes with Constructive Details Comprising twenty selected designs of attractive suburban homes, ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward ; embracing floor plans, elevations and constructive details, showing interior and exterior finish, all drawn to scale, together with extracts from the specifications. Illustrated by means of half-tone reproductions from photographs of the completed structures, and 75 full-page plates of plans, elevations and details, ONE DOLLAR EACH, POSTPAID (SOLD SEPARATELY) Publishers of MUNN & CO... since Anca 361 Broadway, New York **What I Have Done in Ten Years The Story of My Wonderful Success.”’ I hope every reader of American Homes and Gardens will write me. book, entitled ** Ten Years ’’—*‘ The Story of My Wonderful Success.’? of the greatest and most promising investment opportunities ever offered. I believe I have the best proposition from an investor’s standpoint that could be placed before you. My book tells all about the success I have met with during my ten years of business lize, and about its exceptional future possibilities. My success has been unprecedented. I started business in the city of Brooklyn in 1896. My capital amounted to less than $25.00. My first year’s business netted me over $1,000. Last year I paid dividends to my partners of 15%. Five years ago my business had grown so large that I was compelled to remove to larger quarters. 1 am now at 63 and 65 Clark Street, Brooklyn, in connection with the Hotel St. George. I have to-day what experts have pronounced the best-appointed institution of its kind in the country. I estimate the equipment of the Mac Levy Institute of Physical Culture to be worth at least $40,000. The Mac Levy Co. own free and clear its equipment. It also controls valuable patents—such as the Mac Levy Steel Bar System, famous all over the country, and the Mac Levy Trolley System, for quick and safe instruction in swimming. The local business done by the Mac Levy Institute of Physical Culture is very large. Especially at this time of the year when the swimming season is just opening. Last year I operated three different places teaching swimming. One at Arverne-by-the-Sea, L. I., another at Steeplechase Park, Coney Island, and at our Brooklyn Institute. This, you understand, was in addition to my Mail Order Department and regular Physical Culture business. I have long thought that there are thousands of people in moderate circumstances who would like to invest a few dollars in an institution of this kind. At last I decided to offer a block of the treasury stock of this company to the public at its par value. I have good reasons for coming to this decision. 1 wish to put into operation extensive plans for extending the business of the Mac Levy Institute of Physical Culture and the Mac Levy Gymnasium Equipment Co. J also wish to erect a building that will enable me to meet adequately the grow- ing demands of my business. If you are of a speculative mind, I do not want you as a partner. Wall Street is the place for you—where thousands of dollars are lost in mining and oil stocks. If you have a few dolla s that you want to invest where it will earn more for you than the 3 or 4° which savings banks pay their depositors, I want you to read my book. I want you as a partner in this great institution. De not let your money stand idle earning only 3 or 4% which the savings banks pay their depositors. Put it to work. Join it with mine. I believe that within a year this company will pay dividends of at least 20%. Let me send you this book. It is absolutely free. Write for it to-day. Now. MAC i E V y PRESIDENT MAC LEVY CO., Inc. Dept. 2. 63-65 Clark Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. I would like to send you my free It has something to say about one 210 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS September, 1905 If you ever intend to build, send for the above $1.00 book to-day. ARTISTIC HOMES ARTISTIC HOMES A DOLLAR BOOK OF MODERATE COST HOUSE DESIGNS. Printed on the best of paper in Edition de Luxe. Any one intending to build should purchase this new cdition of ARTISTIC HOMES No. 21 Mantel SDSS SS SS SSeSeeee HIGH-CLASS ARCHITECTURAL WORK. HERBERT C. 127-7th STREET CONSULTING ST. LOUIS ARCHITECT CHIVERS SIMPLE yet effective design after old Mis- sion styles. Surface very rough. q Good in dull green. @ Sizes made to suit oat The Hartford Faien ce C O. HARTFORD, CONN. OOOO OKK OOK OOK OLOK OXY VOVOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOD DSSS S55S5°SSSSEEe print copy of the ceiling plan is then sent to a customer, showing the arrangement of the patterns, the spacing of the furring strips, sections of the cornice and list of the items of each room. ‘The painting of all this material is done with pure white zinc, linseed oil and turpentine, on each side after stamping and trimming, leaving no raw edges. The lasting qualities of a steel ceiling depend entirely upon this prime coat, the manner in which it is applied and the kind of paint used. The walls and ceilings can be put up by carpenters. An example of ceiling of the charming “English” pattern is given by the preceding illustration. It is particularly adapted for a dining-room or library of a residence, although very suitable for many larger rooms. It ts usually placed diagonally, and can thus be used in rooms of any shape. ‘This pattern is made in sheets 24x96 inches, by the Northrop, Coburn & Dodge Co., No. 40 Cherry Street, New York, N. Y., and fairly represents the style of ceilings made by this firm. Its catalogue No. 8 contains beautifully illustrated specimens of these steel stamped ceilings, and one may wonder if the limits of witchery in ornate design have not been reached in such as these for such a purpose. The company also manufactures metal stair wainscoting and tile for bathrooms. A Shock Absorber for Automobiles NE of the principal reasons that so O many wealthy automobilists leave this country to tour in their cars is the bad state of our roads as compared with those abroad. A device which has been on the mar- ket for over a year, and which has received a thorough test on the racing cars in the last two international contests for the Bennett Cup, is a shock absorber known as the Truffault- Hartford Suspension. This apparatus con- sists of two steel arms, suitably pivoted to the frame and spring of the car, just over the axle, and connected together through a fric- tion disk arrangement which acts as a brake on the spring and checks its rebound. The result is that when passing over obstacles or dropping into gullies the wheels of the car quickly regain the ground and remain upon it a much greater percentage of the time than they do ordinarily, thus doing away with loss of traction and a great deal of abnormal wear on the tires, which is the result of slipping. The principal advantage, however, is the en- tire lack of rebound of the car body and the consequent easy-riding qualities which ensue. When the machine drops into a hole its oc- cupants feel the vehicle settle down, but in- stead of being shot upward into the air the next moment, they experience no further jolt. A car equipped with this device can conse- quently be driven at a high rate of speed on rough roads without danger of breaking springs and without serious discomfort to its passengers. Fully a twenty-five per cent. in- crease of speed is easily possible. Further- more, the mechanism of the car is not sub- jected to such severe strains as it otherwise would be, with the result that its life, as well as that of the tires, is perceptibly increased. In time, without doubt, this device will be found not only on all high-speed pleasure vehicles, but also on commercial cars and rail- way locomotives as well, for it is an apparatus that soon pays for itself in the reduction of wear and tear which it causes. A demonstra- tion ride which the writer had on a car fitted with the Suspension, and afterward with it removed, was most convincing, the difference in comfort between the two being about the same as that between a Pullman and a freight car. ivan "i nr SE : x 4 Vue Ne Sa} + | SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE > 301 - Broodway *- NewYork . “Standar PORCELAIN ENAMELED Baths & One Piece Lavate: ee re a il The perfect way of assuring health and promoting comfort in your home is by installing a bathroom equipped with “Standard” Porcelain Enameled Ware. A “Standard” modern bathroom is not an expense but a wise investment, paying daily interest in comfort and health, as well as increasing the selling value of your property. “Standard” Porcelain Enameled Baths and One-piece Lavatories are made in one piece, free of cracks or crevices. The surface of “Standard” ware is snowy white and non-porous. Its dura- bility and the perfection of the Porcelain enamel finish make it the most beautiful, useful and ornamental equipment you can secure. Our Book, “MODERN BATHROOMS,” tells you how to plan, buy and arrange your bathroom, and illustrates many beautiful and inexpensive as well as luxurious rooms, showing the approximate cost of each fixture in detail, together with many hints on decoration, tiling, etc. It is the most complete and beautiful booklet ever issued on the subject and contains 100 pages. FREE for six cents postage. The ABOVE INTERIOR, No. P-26, costing approximately $101.00 at factory— not counting piping and labor —is described in detail among the others. CAUTION: Every piece of genuine “Statdard” Porcelain Enameled Ware bears our “Statdard” ‘‘ Green and Gold”® guarantee label, and has our trade-mark “Standard” cast on the exterior, Unless tie label and trade-mark are on the fixture, it is not genuine “Standard” Ware. Refuse all substitutes—they are all inferior and will cost you more in the end. 2 . Address Standard Sanitary BINGE Co. Dept. 23, PITTSBURGH, PA. Offices and Showrooms in New York: “Stawdard” Building, 33-37 West 31st St. London, England: 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. NOW IS THE TIME to think about your HOTBED SASH AND FRAMES. Don’t let Jack Frost jog you on this little matter. We have every reason to feel that our sash and frames are a good bit better and therefore cheaper than others. Perhaps not fancy, but in every way made with an idea of efficiency in construction and con- venience. All that is good in the mortise, steel pin dowels, cypress wood, lead joints, etc., are employed. Take the regular stock size, 3x6 feet, spaced for 10-inch glass, finished and painted complete for $3.00. Then one at $1.10 each. Freight allowance made. But you’d better write for full information; nothing so satisfactory. BURNHAM HITCHINGS PIERSON Co. / Builders of Greenhouses, Large and Small HOME OFFICE AT 1137 BROADWAY BRANCH, TREMONT BLDG. NEW YORK BOSTON Pe ae ee - . Is Your Bath b | Haven't you some one in your family who cannot afford to fall? Old people, rheu- matic people, weak people, heavy people, and most married women would be thank- ful for a first-class bath mat—a mat which does not slip, and yet is comfortable. The Cantslip Bath Mat makes any tub — no matter how slippery — safe; and is so comfortable that we have known bathers to go to sleep on it in the tub. It is soft and grateful to the tenderest skin — like cloth, but with the germ-proof quality of pure white rubber. Made in six lengths and two widths. The average tub takes a 36x15 inch mat ; price at your dealer's, $3.00. For some bathers the Rim Grip (lower cut) is de- sirable; price, $2.00. If you find any difficulty in getting mat or grip, write us direct, and goods will be forwarded anywhere east of Omaha at prices named. The Cantslip Bathtub Appliance Co. 56-58 Pine Street, New York ———__ SER CATATOSUE ff Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year Se NENTS FOR OCTOBER, 1.9.05 THE FOUNTAIN IN THE GARDEN— A GARDEN IN OLD JAPAN MONTHLY COMMENT NoTaABLE AMERICAN Homes—* Drumthwacket,”’ Princeton, New Jersey: The House and the Estate By Barr Ferree PEEING AE OW OF Xi Ae WCET NOANG SIS Olen tient ocr cecil alee, Gon ctmue at wea eh ee lhe «oa REREESONAGHERY..- the llouse on Charles Ba Searles Psqeii ci. c8) sj 5c 4 ee oe tes oe Se THE RESIDENCE OF FRANCIS B. RICE, EsaQ THE SUMMER HoME OF ALFRED J. NATHAN, Esa. THE Country HoMeE or JOHN R. SHERMAN, Esa. How To Lay Our a WiLp Woop GARDEN By Leila Mechlin THE FURNITURE OF OUR FOREFATHERS By Francis Durando Nichols A SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RANCH By Charles F. Holder PRINCIPLES OF Home DeEcoraTION: III].—Dining Rooms—Good and Bad. By Joy Wheeler Dow Rie ceLOnAOMES DU LEDING: i hey lt ouser Gardenia Sie etre rsst os eicce Pesos splay ahaa lees ct cca aed SCIENCE FOR THE HoMeE: Humidity Within the House—Heating the House............ Tue Houseno tp: Furniture for Men—Cheap Baths Civic BETTERMENT: The Business Aspect—The International Congress of Public Art..... THE GARDEN: The Garden Month by Month (October)—The Bulb Planting THE OBSERVER’S NoTE-Book: The Cheap Cottages Exhibition in England .............. 262 The Architect and His Charges. Publishers’ Department. Fifty Suggestions for the House. New Building Patents. New Books. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, 1905. Price, 25 cents. $3.00 a year. Combined Rate for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, $5.00 per year. Rate of Subscription of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS. to foreign countries, $4.00 a WEG 8d Be :: i: Published Monthly by MUNN & COMPANY, Office of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, 361 Broadway, New York. [Copyright, 1905, by Munn & Company. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be enclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. Ns Series of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BUILDING MONTHLY. Established in 1885. Copyright, 1904, by Underwood & Underwood A Garden in Old Japan AMERICAN ‘“‘Drumthwacket”—The Steps in the Garden 222 AMERICAN HOMES Monthly HE booming of Newport has been one of the novelties of the past summer. No place in the world seems less in need of general ad- vertising, for its fame is very great and very present. A spot of historic interest belongs to the past, and events concerned with it be- ite to times that are gone; but Newport is with us, if not exactly every day, at least so constantly that when it is not actually in the public eye many people are thinking of it, and the summer history furnishes food for talk and thought during many a long winter month. Why, then, is not this sufficient? ‘To the outsider it seems ample, but to the good folk of Newport it appears that much may be yet done in at- tracting people to its borders. A deliberate attempt has, therefore, been made to bring people of moderate means to Newport. That the rich have settled there, settled with an abundance of costly dwellings, is known to all men; but it seems this goodly company of the exclusives is not sufficient ‘for the pride of the summer capital. It has been imagined that less wealthy people might make a better class of. resi- dents, who would stay longer, and perhaps spend more money, in proportion, than the rich settlers. Accordingly Newport has been boomed, and boomed to a considerable extent. It is as yet too early to note the results of this cam- paign, which can not be agreeable to the wealthy residents, who, after all, have made Newport what it is. Whether it will result in the destruction of Newport’s present exclusive, high-priced atmosphere remains to be seen. The results of such a campaign may be quite different than what its pro- moters anticipated. THE booming of towns by concerted advertising has long been a favorite American enterprise. It varies according to the ends sought and the conditions of the locality. Some towns are boomed for manufacturing purposes, and even Newport did not escape this penalty of fame a few years since, only to demonstrate that it was not suited for manu- facturing purposes. Other towns are boomed as residential sites; others for general conditions, or as summer and winter resorts because of their various attractions. The latter form of advertising is the most favored in the East, where its necessity is the more felt, and its value, both to the advertiser and the person responding to the advertisement, is more quickly seen. In the West it is the manufacturing advantages that are most generally advertised. All of these things are fine examples of the value of advertising, and good instances of the necessity of being ready to say a good word about oneself. THE approaching destruction of the earliest steel cage building in New York, that its site be utilized for the erection of a high building, is one of the most interesting illustrations of the rapidity of modern changes in building construction that has been recorded for a long time. The structure in question is the Tower Building, built by Mr. Bradford L. Gilbert only seventeen years ago, a building ten stories in height, which it is now proposed to replace with one of twice this altitude. It shows not only how rapidly our ideas con- cerning large and tall buildings are extending, but it also shows the great value of real estate in lower New York when a building perfectly sound in construction, filled with tenants and presumably returning an income on the capital invested, can be torn down to make way for a larger building which will certainly be more expensive to build. As to the profit- AND~ GARDENS October, 1905 Comment ableness of the new building, that is a matter in the future, but it is apparent that the new venture would not be made did not competent judges regard it as a good business investment. Tue formation of a mounted State constabulary by . Pennsylvania, as established by a law adopted by the last Legislature, is a significant and important movement, the development of which will be keenly watched not only within that commonwealth, but by all rural communities through- out the country. The lack of police protection outside the cities is one of the most serious evils of American life. It has encouraged crime by the failure to provide means for protection and detection. It is the first and greatest duty of the State to protect its peoples, for the greatest safety lies in giving such adequate protection that the fear of detection and punishment will prevent the commission of crime. The difficulties of protecting great stretches of rural land, such as form the larger part of America, are, of course, very great; but the dangers of non-protection have, each year, be- come greater and greater, and the necessity of taking some adequate steps has long been apparent. Pennsylvania has taken the lead in this movement, and its subsequent develop- ment will be watched everywhere with the deepest interest. In a measure, these first steps will be largely experimental; at least, it is not proposed to police the entire State at once, but to begin in a modest way—the initial appropriation is but $425,000—and to develop the work as its value is shown and the means can be obtained to defray the expense. TuHat the Woman’s Club has developed into a “ move- ment ’’ has been apparent for a number of years. It is not only a movement, but a dignified movement; one of great usefulness and value, commanding and absorbing the thought and time of many persons, to whom it has opened new ways of activity, new modes of thought, given new ideas and led to more useful lives. It has taken men a long time to under- stand that there was any real basis of value in the Woman's Club. The typical man’s club is one for social intercourse. The Woman’s Club presented something different. Here was a frantic searching of the encyclopedias in the prepara- tion of abstruse papers on every conceivable theme. Fair ladies who, but a month or two before, knew of Shakespeare only as a great name, suddenly burst upon an amazed en- vironment as the authors of learned Shakespearian disquisi- tions. Literature was ransacked from beginning to end; his- tory also, and travel; a general inquisitiveness sorted out the whole knowledge of the world, and served it up of an after- noon with tea and cake. It was hard to convince a mere man that there was real value in any of this, or that the good ladies were, in any true way, contributing to the learn- ing of the world or even ministering to their own happiness. Then a change swept over affairs. From past times the Woman’s Clubs emigrated to the present. They began to concern themselves with the life and the things around them. The magic word “‘ reform” became the battle cry, and the students of history and of literature became leaders in all manners of good works. This saved the Woman’s Club, and has made it one of the most useful of modern agencies for betterment. Not all of this new energy has been wisely directed; not all of the reforms proposed have been wise or desirable: there has been much done that need not have been done, and the world is much too busy to tolerate the unnec- essary. But, on the whole, the later developments of the Woman’s Club have been for good, and — good alone. October, 1905 AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDENS 223 Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree ‘“ Drumthwacket,’ Princeton, New Jersey: The House and the Estate EITHER the real estate speculator nor the land boomer has yet seized upon the beauti- ful- town of Princeton as a scene for his operations. This is a fortunate circum- stance, for Princeton has grown and thriven under the most delightful of auspices and in a most delightful way. Rarely has academic culture had a more beautiful site for its physical development, and rarely has it developed in a more charming manner. The charm of Princeton is so penetrating that it may be felt by the most casual visitor and appreciated by the most Stewardson, the Philadelphia architects, and masterworks of collegiate Gothic in America; a group of buildings that speak, in every stone, of true Gothic feeling and penetrating modernity, the new interpretation of Gothic which must do so much to revive this fine old art that, in its Victorian re- vival, was so ill used and so little understood. It is in these and in other new buildings, similar in style and in feeling, that Princeton University proclaims her new architectural supremacy, and which give both the University and the town an interest and a beauty that they have never had before. For, architecturally, old Princeton—the Uni- “ Drumthwacket ’"—The Fountain indifferent observer. The most ignorant of travelers would know it was a university town, for on the instant of his ar- rival he is confronted with the massive bulk of the great tower of Blair Hall, a beautiful, stately structure that forms one of a great group of dormitories that stretch along the outer border of the University campus until they fetch up against the gymnasium. A splendid group of buildings these, a unit in design, whether they be called Blair Hall, Stafford Little Hall or Gymnasium; an irregular group, ascending and descending, twisting and turning, as the conformation of the land determined; masterworks of Messrs. Cope & versity—had few buildings of interest, however great may be the affection with which they were and are regarded by the older graduates. If the old buildings no longer seem to have interest it is apparent that the new will long maintain theirs—and add to it as decade passes decade. The University, that meets one at the gate, permeates the whole town. Whether, to the real Princetonian, there be a difference between the University and the town I do not know; but to the chance visitor there is no distinction between the two. It is the University which has made the town, and the town, on its part, gathers around the University as 224 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 “*Drumthwacket”—The Entrance Front children to their mother. And this is the first great fact that the visitor learns. Here is a university town completely isolated between the two great cities of New York and Philadelphia, placed just off the modern main highway—the Pennsylvania Railroad—so remote from its greater neighbors that life within its scholarly precincts must be isolated, whether one will or no—a town nurtured by the University and existing for no other purpose. But there is no medieval isolation here. Its streets are lined with fine old houses; its roads stretch out amid beautiful country estates; it is an active modern life that is lived here; and over all is the spirit of culture, the guardian of the place, the dominating influence, the force that has made the town and given the University the world-wide distinction it has long possessed. That the town is beautiful, beautifully placed in country gently hilly and much of it deeply wooded, is evident at a glance; but the cultured atmosphere of the University dominates the whole place and gives it a supreme charm. Asa mere site, as a beautiful piece of land, Prince- ton would be delightful to live in; but as the seat of a great university, as one of the most potent culture forces in Amer- ica, it is ideal. The University perhaps excites the greater amount of in- terest among visitors to Princeton, but its historical associa- tions are very large. The battle of Princeton, fought January 3, 1777, put fresh heart into the harassed American forces, added new luster to the military genius of Washington, and gave Princeton and its near-by fields imperishable fame. This hallowed ground forms part of the estate of ‘‘ Drum- thwacket.” It is a beautiful as well as an historic place, comprising about 300 acres. It is, therefore, a property of the first rank in size. The name ‘“‘ Drumthwacket”’ comes from two Scotch words, “‘ drum,” a hill, and “ thwacket,”’ a wood or forest, akin to the English thicket. ‘‘ Drumthwacket”’ means, therefore, ‘‘ the wooded hill.” The name was given to the place about 1835. It is approached through handsome gateways, fine drive- ways from north and south leading to the house through beautiful stretches of lawn and trees, bordered, for the most part, with flowering shrubs, so planted that some part of these drives will always be enlivened during the season with brilliant blooming. The house is a stately and beautiful structure, in describ- ing which the word “ elegant ’”’ naturally comes to the mind. And such it really is, for the central part, with its two-storied colonnade, was built in 1832 by Governor Charles Smith Olden, and has been retained, outwardly untouched, as the center of the present stately mansion of the estate. Goy- ernor Olden’s house, although generous in size and dignified in proportions, was much too small to meet the requirements of the dwelling house of a large estate planned and ar- ranged in the closing years of the nineteenth century. The problem before the owner and his architect was, therefore, to devise a house large enough for modern needs which would at once include the old mansion and not destroy its integrity. This was a matter of no small difficulty. There are few things more hazardous than to add onto an old house any considerable addition; it is much more serious when these additions cover twice as much ground site as the original structure, which can in no way be disturbed, and which must not lose its importance nor its individuality. Mr. Raleigh C. Gildersleeve, the architect of the new portions of the house, accomplished his task with extraordinary sagacity and success. At the very beginning of the work it was deter- mined that the original mansion must remain absolutely in- tact. This having been decided upon, the single remaining problem was to design wings on either side in strict harmony with the design of the original structure. There was per- haps little call for originality in this process, but there was ample need for careful study of the older building, and a very urgent necessity for a study of its style and character, its feeling, its detail. Mr. Gildersleeve’s position, as I under- stand it, was not so much what he would do in extending the 4% October, 1905 house, but what the original architect would have done had he been called upon to design a larger house and one of the dimensions now decided upon. This is obviously not only the correct point of view to take, but the only one, and the very admirable way in which the building has been extended is satisfying evidence of its truth. The house has been expanded and extended, therefore, in strict harmony with the older part. in height, with a low, sloping roof, in the center of which are two large dormers opening immediately above the colonnade, which reaches from end to end of this part. Both the colon- nade and the roof have been omitted in the new parts, which are two stories in height, plainly boarded on the outside, but actually, like the older part, built of brick within, surmounted with a severely molded cornice, above which is a pierced balustrade or parapet. These wings are recessed behind the front wall of the old building, but at the end the final pavilions, with plain corner pilasters and pointed pediments, are brought forward. Not all of this work was done at once, and as a matter of fact neither wing is quite alike, the windows of the second story being below the cornice in one and cutting it in the other. The entire front—and the building is elongated in plan, its depth being somewhat shal- low in comparison with its great frontage—is thoroughly harmonious, than which greater praise could not be given. Inside the house the story is somewhat different. ‘The plan of the older part was thoroughly typical of its day, and consisted of a central hall, from which opened four rooms: dining-room and kitchen to the right; two parlors to the left. All of these rooms were small and quite unsuited for the generous hospitality planned for the modernized dwelling and which has since been carried out within it. It was ob- viously necessary to effect a complete transformation of the interior; but, while unavoidable, it was, at the same time, determined to retain the old style and feeling as far as pos- AMERICAN HOMES The latter is two stories: AND GARDENS sible. It is sufficient to add that the interior restoration has been as fortunate and as successful as that of the exterior. The hall, which opens at the further end onto a porch overlooking the garden, retains a number of its original features. ‘The staircase, beyond an arch supported on pan- eled pilasters, is new; but the hand rail is thoroughly Colo- nial in feeling and thoroughly in harmony with the other woodwork. ‘The door frames are decorated with small, carved rosettes and have carved cornices; the superb doors are of solid mahogany. ‘The yellow wall paper and the rugs of deep red laid on the hardwood floor give a distinct charm and gaiety to the hall, with the real quality of a joyous wel- come. On the left is the dining-room, completely occupying the space formerly filled by the old parlor and library; the divid- ing wall has been removed and the central beam supported on pairs of columns. The original frieze—a delicately mod- eled band—has survived, and its pattern has been reproduced on the new parts. Architecturally, therefore, the room re- tains the definite character of the period at which the house was built. Most of the mantelpieces in the old house had been more or less defaced before it came into the possession of its present owner; but the new ones have, in each instance, been very charmingly designed in the older style, and are completely in keeping with the rooms in which they stand. The dining-room is a green room; the walls hung with green silk, mildly flowered; the window curtains are of green plush; the rug is green. A wainscoting of white wood en- tirely surrounds the base of the walls, and each ceiling of the two parts forms a single square panel, plainly molded. There are two mantels, one for each part of the room, and the walls are hung with prints and photographs, many of them having direct relation to Princeton. A sideboard—seen in the photograph to the right—once stood in the house of Richard Stockton, the signer of the Declaration of Independence, 225 “ Drumthwacket’”°—The Dining-Room EERE FS 226 > of Princeton which to-day is quite as much a “ show place’ as when it was built, between 1701 and 1709. On the right of the hall are two rooms, one front and one back, which. retain their original dimensions. ‘The front room is a morning-room or reception-room. It is a yellow room, with yellow walls and white wood trim, and yellow furniture with mahogany frames. All of the woodwork and permanent fixtures are original except the mantel, which, for the reason already stated, is new. But behind it, in the chimney breast, are the little side cupboards built by the original builder. ‘The doorways are small and, like the window frames, are surmounted with low, flat pediments. The adjoining room to the rear is the billiard-room. ‘The walls are a delicate blue; the curtains a light blue velvet; carpet of the same hue surrounds the billiard table, which, AMERICAN HOMES TT AND GARDENS October, 1905 Beyond the drawing-room is the library. To its cultured owner this is easily the most important room in the house by reason of its fine literary contents, and it is fully that by rea- son of its great structural beauty. It is designed in the Tudor style, the walls lined throughout with books, save where discontinued for the handsome fireplace and chimney of Caen stone, the ceiling beamed with white panels. The curtains are of green and yellow, the rug green. The book- cases are a part of the permanent fixtures of the room, but it would scarcely be correct to speak of them as built in, for the window frames are built out to their outer edge. The bookcases do not, therefore, extend into the room, but the entire apartment is surrounded with an inner frame of wood, under a part of which are the shelves for the books and under the other part the windows. It is a spacious room, the ? ry 7 AL ‘“* Drumthwacket ’”’—The Drawing-Room owing to the somewhat restricted dimensions of the room, completely fills the center. A door on the side at the further end opens onto an open terrace floored with brick, and of which the furniture—table and benches—are marble. A triple doorway, one end of which opens from the morn- ing-room, the other two ends from the billiard-room, abutting against the dividing wall, leads to the drawing-room. This is in the new part of the house and is several steps lower than the older part. It is, therefore, a distinctly modern room, very beautifully detailed; the walls are paneled, the door- ways are arched, and between the further. pair of arches is an elaborately carved Italian marble mantelpiece. The walls are hung with damask of a rich maroon hue, and the curtains and furniture are of the same color. The wall panels, wainscot and other woodwork are painted white. inner dimensions from frame to frame being about 33 x 21 feet. It is a room that glows with light, so broad and ample are the windows; and it is also permeated with a dis- tinct architectural charm, so agreeable is its form, so well studied its detail, so delightful the effect of the whole. It is a library to live in and to work in, and every part of it speaks aloud the profound interest and affection of its owner, not alone for the room, but for the carefully chosen collection of books which are at once its finest adornment and chiefest treasure. Yet there are other treasures in the room than the books. Most of the furniture is made from ancient oak obtained from an old English school. Just before the fire- place—it can be discerned in the photograph—is a little wooden stand made by James Madison. In one of the book- cases is a tea set that belonged to Dolly Madison, and there October, 1905 are other rare ob- jects here, among which a cannon ball picked up on the ad- joining battlefield is not the least inter- esting. Thence into the garden, which is best approached from the door under the stairs at the end of the hall. One pauses there instinct- ively for a first rapid glance at the bril- liant scene, at the row of fine old trees immediately with- out, at the graceful terraces with their surmounting _ balus- trades, at the gaily blooming flower beds, at the great fountain which is the center of the whole. It is a lovely and splendid spot, lovely by reason of its varied flowering, splendid in its rich architectural equipment. by Mr. Daniel W. Langton, in conjunction with Mr. R. C. Gildersleeve, the architect of the house. AND GARDENS AUN EARINGACN te EOoM.ES “ Drumthwacket "—A Gateway i) i) ~ The garden prob- lem was fivefold: the creation of a formal garden in immediate juxtapo- sition with the house; the adjust- ment of this garden to -the near-by grounds; the plan- ning and arrange- ment of the other grounds near the house, more particu- larly those immedi- ately facing the en- trance front; the utilization of the forest areas and the making of paths in them; and, finally, a suitable merging of the house grounds into the farm lands which constitute the major part of the estate. Land there was aplenty, pre- senting a quite ex- cusable temptation to design orna- mental grounds on a It was designed and planted very large scale. Ample, indeed, these parts had to be, for ““Drumthwacket ’°—The Garden Terrace an estate and a house of such large dimensions. ‘The subse- quent development of the grounds shows that exactly the 228 right scale was adopted. ‘They are ample as a decorative ad- junct to the house, and they are large enough to count sufficiently in any rapid survey of the entire property. As has been intimated, the formal garden is at the back of the house. Immediately below the porch is a grassed terrace. A broad, central path, crossed by another just before the in- closing wall, leads to a short flight of steps by which the lower and larger terrace is reached, on which is the formal garden proper. On the side next the house this garden ter- race is inclosed within a wall which supports the upper ter- race; on the other three sides it is inclosed within a grano- lithic balustrade, already taking on a fine discoloration sug- gestive of age. At the steps, at the corners, and at other points of emphasis are high piers surmounted with vases; AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 Beyond the bounding balustrade the ground dips rapidly, so that the next terrace is considerably below the fountain terrace. In the center is a flight of steps, monumental in design and scale, dividing to the right and left, and return- ing below, where, underneath an archway, is a delicious wall fountain. The beautiful green sward here is set apart on one side as a tennis court and on the other as a bowling green. ‘The outer borders on all sides are in- closed within a hemlock hedge; an arched opening on one side gives a beautiful view to a lake and the country beyond. Then more steps to the lowest level of all. Just before one is a circular pool of water, retained within large stones, and just above it is a wonderful old beech tree, said to be — 5 - ° ——— hidipna. “* Drumthwacket’’—The Library smaller piers in the balustrade and walls carry boxes of plants. Exactly in the center, and the focus of the whole garden, is a fountain of white marble, treasure trove from Italy, a work destined by an ancient noble family of Padua for the republic of Venice; it never reached its destination, but re- mained in Padua, and has at last found a permanent resting place in this beautiful American home. Two broad paths cross at the fountain, dividing the surrounding space into four grassed plots edged with flower borders beauti- fully selected and arranged. The planting of these grounds has been so chosen that there is a constant suc- cession and change of bloom, once the season has set in, until fall. Hence it is always beautiful and always alive with flowers, and with interest. the largest of its kind in the United States. Then, all at once, you find yourself in the forest, for the garden, on its outer borders, is inclosed within a thick wooded growth of true forest quality. Fine walks run through this beautiful woodland, in which wild flowers are en- couraged to bloom their utmost, the paths marked, from time to time, with fine marble vases; at one corner a marble bird bath carefully emptied and cleaned each day; and so, through the woods, until the open ground is reached once more, passing the deer park the meanwhile, and thence through an alley of young trees back to the formal garden. The treatment of the grounds on the entrance front of the house is very different. There is all openness, not bare prewe il October, 1905 and barren, but thickly grassed, with fine old forest monarchs amply spaced, add- ing spaciousness of effect to the ground they shadow with their lofty branches. There are no ornamental touches here, for the great trees are so fine that no art could make them finer; but there is the quiet and the serenity of a shaded place in the country, than which there could be nothing more peaceful nor more delightful. Of the remainder of the near-by grounds I need say but little. That the formal gar- den is inclosed has already been made clear; but the rigidity of its inclosure is, without, softened by clumps of shrubs and banks of bushes, some one or other of which is ever in bloom, according to its season, and the same treat- ment of hedges and masses of foliage is employed in a very able manner to lessen the differences between the house grounds and the more ample area of the farm. The floral planting is thus gradually merged into the more utilitarian activities of the farm, which, owing to the size of AMERICAN -HOMES “Drumthwacke?’—The Sun Dial AN DD) (GAR Dress 229 garden form the chief features of the land. he farm barn, a handsome structure designed by Mr. Gildersleeve, is placed at a distant point of the estate. And all this is sacred land. On these broad fertile acres the battle of Princeton was fought out. Yonder is the cottage in which General Mer- cer died; beyond is the little old Quaker meeting house from which Washington di- rected his men; at the Red House, in another direction, Mrs. Moore had her leg shot off by a cannon ball. One other building of inter- est remains to be noted. This is the house of Thomas Olden, which stands under the trees beyond the entrance front of ‘““Drumthwacket ”’ house. It is a quaint little old structure, and is believed to have been the house of the original settler on this site, William Olden, who came to Princeton in 1696, when he purchased the estate from William Penn. It is one of the oldest buildings in the vicinity, and is now an aviary for a fine collection of rare birds, maintained in beauti- ful order, and affords a strong contrast with the greater house the estate, are carried on in an extended manner. Broad _ near by. It is an excellent type of the houses built in this part fields of grass, corn and grain and a well-stocked market “Drumthwacket’”—The Upper Terrace of America in the early “ears of the eighteenth century. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 The Bungalow of A. A. Whitman, Esq. Navesink Highlands, New Jersey FRI HE bungalow of A. A. Whitman, Esq., at M Navesink Highlands, N. J., is very charm- ingly placed on a little plateau on the side of a hill, and among the trees which abound -¢-in- the Highlands. From the piazza a reek, broad view is obtained of the Shrewsbury River, Sandy Hook and the Atlantic Ocean. _ The style-of the house is a shingled gambrel country house of a rather picturesque type. The foundation is partly of brick piers, and the rest cedar and locust posts, the whole of which are covered in and are not exposed to view. The A Meeting exterior of the house is covered entirely with shingles, both the walls and roof. The body of the house is stained a soft, woody green, while the roof is a silver gray. All the trim- mings are painted white, including the sash. The blinds are painted a dark ivy green. The first story contains a living-room, dining-room, kitchen and. its dependencies, and the second story contains three bed- rooms, two nurseries and two bathrooms. The hall is a central one and has a staircase rising up to the second floor, in combination with the rear stairway. The studding and floor beams are exposed to view in the living- room and are stained a dull brown color. The walls have a dado of burlap, above which, between the studding, they are covered with a heavy building paper, the whole of which is stained with a harmonious effect. The fireplace is built of hard, well burned brick with a hearth of the same, and a fac- ing rising high up under the mantelshelf. The small, latticed windows add much to the appearance of this room. The dining-room is plastered and has a dado effect, with plate rack shelf at the top. The kitchen and service portion throughout is plastered, as are also all the sleeping-rooms and bathroom in the second and third stories. All the wood- of Gables work of the rooms is stained, excepting two of the bed- rooms and bathroom, which are painted. The third floor contains the servant quarters, trunk room, and a large playroom, so arranged that it can be made into two bedrooms whenever the occasion demands. The house throughout is provided with hard pine floors, electric bells and modern plumbing. The bathrooms are furnished with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumbing. The equipment throughout is of the best. Mr. Ernest M. A. Machado, architect, No. 9 Cornhill Street, Boston, Mass. October, 1905 AMERTCAN-GHOMES AND GARDENS ie) WwW _= The Living Room The Porch Front The Bungalow of A. A. Whitman, Esq., Navesink Highlands, New Jersey 232 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 ‘The Monastery,’ the House of Charles P. Searle, Esq. Swampscott, SMG HE very unusual house of Mr. Charles P. Searle, at Philip Beach, Swampscott, Mass., attracts attention both by the novelty of its design and its very extraordinary situation; for much of the inner part of the house overhangs the sea in a_ quite literal sense, although the entrance front, embowered in large trees, hardly suggests such a situation. inclosed with a stone wall, whose plainly cut arches and curved crest are repeated again in the forms of the entrance porch. Placed as it is on a rock, the design of the house has called for clever planning, with an adaptation to the various The grounds are. Massachusetts levels of the site and an economical utilization of the ayail- able area. ‘The color scheme is quite unusual: the walls are gray, the roof brilliant red, the latticed windows pea green. The entrance porch is applied diagonally to the main struc- ture, and faces a forecourt within the inclosing wall. The principal door opens onto a vestibule in green and white, beyond which is the hall. ‘This is a great, vaulted apartment two stories in height, finished in a very unusual and original manner. The walls are paneled to the springing of the vault arches and colored French gray; the upper walls are entirely filled with lattice work of pea green. There is a large mantel of gray stone, with a carved overmantel with “The Monastery ’:-—The Entrance Front October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 233 “The Monastery ’’—The Hall festoons in relief above. At the further end are the stairs, partly inclosed within open woodwork. ‘The walls of the upper landing are covered with palm leaf paper in green and white; the balustrade is painted green, and a green carpet is laid on the stairs. At the head of the stairs is the morning-room, finished in the same way, with palm leaf paper and with green paint. It opens onto a large porch so close to the edge of the rock that the water is practically below it. The dining-room ad- joins the morning-room and is finished in gray, with green wall decorations. The service rooms and kitchen adjoin the dining-room and are continued along the hall. Another portion of the house opens to the right of the vestibule and hall. Here is a small stair-hall, with a private stair to the upper floor. Immediately adjoining it is Mr. Searle’s room, which is finished in yellow. It has a tiled mantel and paneled seats. Beyond it, with a large doorway opening into the hall, is the music-room. The woodwork is painted gray and the walls are covered with pink and white paper. There is a white marble mantel, and the furni- ture is chiefly antique. Curtains of pink and white add to the very distinctive cheer and charm of this apartment. It is easy to see and to understand the charm of this house, for charm it is in very agreeable and penetrating quantity. It is quaintly conceived, a striking, marked house of distin- guished individuality, yet very well done. If there be oddity in the leading lines there is at least no eccentricity, no note of awkwardness, no effort at effect. On the contrary, there is a very natural development of good lines beautifully harmo- nized and very satisfactory in themselves. This is the real secret of the success of the house. It is good, and goodness in a house sums up and includes about all the excellencies to domestic buildings that need to be con- sidered by either the architect or the client. The interest of this house centers chiefly in form and in line. Each of these important parts, considered separately and together, have been well studied. The situation also adds greatly to its charm. Perhaps any dwelling would be interest- ing here, any one well designed and well executed; but Mr. Searle has been fortunate in obtaining a house that adds to the interest of his site, adds to it in a thoroughly compre- hensive and complete manner. 234 AMERVEAN HOMES’ “AND GARDENS October, 1905 The Residence of Francis B. Rice, Esq. Westwood, Massachusetts Westwood, Mass., is deerencd in an eas ive manner with Colonial detail. The small, lighted windows, with white painted wooden shutters, give a quaintness to the general effect. The building is constructed of red brick aie white granite and Indiana limestone trim- mings. The porches and main cornice are of wood. The roof is covered with shingles and is stained a dark green. The entrance is into a vestibule from which a short flight of stairs rises up to the level of the living-room floor. This living-room is trimmed with wood, painted white, with mahogany doors. The walls have a low, paneled wainscoting. The staircase rises up at one side to a broad landing, from which another short flight of stairs rises up to the second story. [he archway separating the stairs from the living- room is supported on Ionic columns; forms the newel post from which the balustrade and mahog- any rail spring. [onic pilasters, corresponding with columns, are placed at stated intervals on the three other sides of the room, giving it a classic characteristic; the whole supports a massive wooden frieze. The fireplace is built with Roman brick and the facings and hearth are of the same, and a mantel of Colonial style with a paneled overmantel. The den is treated in forest green, while the library is trimmed with white wood and is painted ivory-white, with ie Pee ue L tT a The Entrance Front a= s 2s oe 2 ro) i PIAZZA = —— —_—— e atcove DINING=ROOM LIVING Room LIBRARY I} KITCHEN a : = , | | CLosf | | cE—>» i——¥e@ - @ | $ a il ALCOVE Entry | PANTRY: CHINA = pal d: = 4 Cu ier Coser Ss ‘ATES CoAT - AS DEN — =) = f VESTIBULE 1) f ——— = = — = = 4 FIRST FLOOR PLAN. [| BORG ] ee e0e Sreavirs Bep RM Servis i Beorm Ct SECOND FLOOR PLAN. one of the columns q October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 235 mahogany doors. Each has an open fireplace furnished with tiled facings and hearth, and mantels of Co- lonial style. The library has bookcases built in. The dining-room is trimmed with mahogany eke. Tibco: and has a paneled wainscot- ‘fiawktee 1 | ing and a wooden cornice. The ingle-nook contains an open fireplace with Roman brick facings and _ hearth, and-a mantel, and there are paneled seats at either side. The china closet is fitted up with bowl, dresser, cup- boards, etc. The kitchen and its dependencies are fitted with all the best modern conveniences, and the serv- ants’ alcove forms a place off from the kitchen for the servants to rest, etc. Each are fitted up with closets, dressers, fireplace for range, etc. The second floor con- The Hall tains three master rooms and dressing-room, two bathrooms and a linen closet, besides cellar contains the heating apparatus and fuel rooms, three servant rooms. Each of the master rooms has an laundry, etc. ; open fireplace, one of which is recessed into an alcove. The Mr. James Purdon, architect, No. 8 Beacon Street, third floor contains two bedrooms and ample storage. The Boston, Mass. es Another View of the House Par Se The Residence of Francis B. Rice, Esq., Westwood, ‘Massachusetts ~ 236 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 The Summer Home of Alfred J. Nathan, Esq. Elberon, New Jersey SYN T IS perfectly true that the building ) in this country of the summer home ul is much more elaborately and ex- Be pensively done than it has ever been -? before, and it is also equally true that it is possible to obtain a very excellent result by the co-operation of a little com- mon sense on the part of the owner and a little good taste on the part of a well trained architect, to build an attractive and serviceable house. The house and garden belonging to Alfred J. Nathan, Esq., at Elberon, N. J., was built from plans prepared by Mr. A. J. Manning, who has exercised a great deal of care in the planning of the house and the laying out of the grounds which sur- round it and form its setting. The site is a long, un- attractive sand flat extending from Ocean Avenue to the edge of the Atlantic Ocean, but by raising a ter- race around the house and depressing the grade at the north end a very attractive effect has been made by relieving the monotony of the extensive level and entirely changing the topography from a flat piece of land to an uneven surface. The grounds were laid out with a view to secur- ing the greatest amount of lawn space, and in order to obtain this the stable and gate lodge were placed at the avenue end of the site, while the driveway was placed at the extreme northern boundary of the ‘\ee wl fey. property, from which a sweeping road leads up to Seana ie the porte-cochére at the front of the house. The ie nh main driveway continues through a gateway into SY this depressed inclosure with high brick walls, which | orf’ > form the service facilities for the house. The grade | ete ee ee taal of this inclosure is on the level with the basement JS =) floor, in which the kitchen is placed. At the front of the house is a small pool, circular in form, in the center of which is a graceful little figure of a Cupid embracing a dolphin, from whose mouth a jet of water plays into the air, and then splashes over the numerous water lilies floating upon the surface of the pool. Marble seats are placed at intervals around the pool. To the south side of the house the sunken garden is placed, and is reached by marble steps. It is a large, rectangular area, and laid out with graveled walks, meeting in a central circle, in the middle of which is placed a handsomely carved sun-dial. At one side, opposite the stone steps, is a great stone semicircular seat of marble, with vases on either side. Other marble seats are placed at the end of the crosswalks. ‘The planting of this garden and the estate in general are extensive and effective. The house is constructed with red brick for the first story and stucco for the second story and gables, the whole being crowned with a Spanish tile roof of a brilliant tone of color, very much in keeping with the design, which is of the Spanish style of archi- tecture. After passing through the vestibule, which is provided with a coat closet on one side and a toilet on the other, the main hall is reached. ‘This hall, 30 x 40 feet, with the trim in the Spanish style, is SS S25 AZ i IVNAOA aL aovad bi Cio Es Naquvo } ce fe ee AVM SATE 20 ss > 3S mE eee s € ae = PHS October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The treated with white enamel paint. The floor is covered with crimson velvet, blending well with the crimson wall scheme with harmonious effect. The staircase sweeps up to one side of the room with painted balustrade and mahogany rail, while at the opposite side the entire space is oc- cupied with French windows opening on the piazza at the ocean side of the house. The walls have a House forms access to the servants’ quarters, which are placed on the third floor. The basement not only contains the kitchen and its dependencies, but a laundry, heating apparatus, fuel rooms, etc. The house was designed and built with a view to paneled wainscoting, and the ceiling has mass- =. ive beams supported on pilasters with carved capitals. The drawing-room is 28 x 24 feet, and is treated 4 in the French style; the walls have a paneled wain- scoting, above which the space is covered with a green and white decoration; the whole is sur- mounted with a massive cornice. The woodwork is treated with white enamel paint. The fireplace, which forms the principal characteristic of the f room, has a hearth and facings of pavanazzo marble, and a mantel which is carved in an elab- orate manner. The dining-room is trimmed with oak, treated in Flemish style. It has a paneled wainscoting and a wooden cornice, a buffet built in and a massive fire- ss ® = ' ! : PIAZZA place, and a mantel of Caen stone elaborately carved. On either side of the fireplace are nooks provided with paneled seats. The butler’s pantry is fitted with all the best improvements, containing a dumb-waiter to the kitchen and its dependencies, which are placed in the basement. The second floor contains five bedrooms fitted with large closets and four bathrooms, the trim of each is painted with white enamel, and each room is carried out in a particular color scheme in its wall decorations and furnishings. The bathrooms are furnished with tiled wainscotings and floor, and are sup- plied with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickelplated plumb- ing. A private stairway from the basement to the third floor meeting all the necessary requirements for a well regulated summer home. Mr. A. J. Manning, architect, No. 7 East 42d Street, New York, iis e } Ga Boa eee Ti ug i ‘ Peo ea a ae i 1 tt 1 1 | | | | l| a i 1 | i 1 1 i] ! a SF) eee) He) HE =) aca anel 4 [premnceweg it (tsvane ayo | [ike c mn hire ona | it 1} I Hil ! 1} {4 1 HH i! | DINING ROOM HH Hil 1 1 HALL | ! H Vt SITTING ROOM PIAZZA i! ‘| lee vearetuNcincomiy 9M) BINS, 1 a i | i! | 1 {I hea Sees etd uae heey aa - === 5 pasa (PSG { it ! ' i 1 | \ r i] ay _ —s = eed a a8 || BUILERS PANTRY ToOLET ff-vesTIBULE CLoAKS | ||| a | a i i H 1H ] H ie | it it | 1 | HH it III HY He i) wt Hae a tay na t [2] (] a o_o} PORTE COCHERE FIRST STORY C) a Lat) Cm) 238 co co oo ES 2 ce) o o AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS AUR ee 7 eis sath Miao alae see MEBANE RAN oe, 2 ; t th . we si hd ema | Be Cea ee 56 gee decree a SABI CAAT ba ACI ats ’ 1 1 i i} ! a AN IANTAC CATR I Women WADLOIKY Nae . = Ube THVT Tdi WEL Ld 4 ys See 6 REE ic Ge ELL Test tiiyy 4 P Ge : oe. of - pa) Con ad A ee os) A Marble Seat The Summer Home of Alfred J. Nathan, Esq., Elberon, New Jersey October, 1905 AEE RGN SOE S AND GARDENS 239 October, 1905 The Fountain | 4 Pa ead eid in 0p ia’ ‘hd es 3 a a wet Sion Peet 2 shane Sun-Dial and Seat The The Summer Home of Alfred J. Nathan, Esq., Elberon, New Jersey 240 AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDEWS October, 1905 The Country Home of John R. Sherman, Esq. Port Henry, New York J HE country home of John R. Sherman, Esq., is at Port Henry, N. Y. This field stone, shingle and half-timber house presents a very happy combination, and the color scheme and its whole environment give a har- monious effect. The underpinning and the first story are built of field stone laid up at random, and in such a manner as to preserve the moss on the stones and not to show the mortar joints. The second story is of wood, and the exterior is covered with white cedar shingles, which are left to weather finish. The third story and gables are beamed. ‘These beams are stained a soft brown color, while the stucco which is placed between the beams is of its natural silver-gray color. The roof is covered with shingles and is stained a brilliant red. All the trimmings are painted a soft brown color. The entrance and living-halls are thrown into one apart- ment, and the whole is finished so as to present one large living-room. ‘This living-hall is trimmed with pine and is treated with ivory-white enamel. It has a high paneled wain- scoting, above which the walls are treated with crimson decoration. ‘The ceiling is beamed. ‘These beams are sup- ported on columns and pilasters. The fireplace has facings and a hearth of Pavonazetto marble, and a mantel of chaste design of the Colonial style, handsomely carved, and provided with an overmantel with a paneled center and columns on either side. The doors have one panel, and are of mahogany. ‘The stairway is of hand- some design, with painted balusters and mahogany rail. These. stairs are recessed into a stair-hall. The main en- trance is from the porte-cochére. The music-room is treated with ivory-white, and it has a wall covered with golden silk. Concluded on page 245 CHEN rer fen October, 1905 ANE RecN eet OMES AND GARDENS 241 The Empire Dining-Room The Country Home of John R. Sherman, Esq., Port Henry, New York October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 242 f i i f Hall The The Country Home of John R. Sherman, New York Esgq., Port Henry, October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 243 How to Lay Out a Wild Wood Garden By Leila Mechlin N SPITE of the present enthusiasm for gar- den lore and the great variety of existing gardens, there are few persons who have heard of, or attempted the making of a gar- den in the woods. We have English gar- dens, Italian gardens, formal gardens and old-fashioned gardens galore, but very few wild gardens. The name itself has a paradoxical ring, since all gardens but the first have been made by man, and in large measure derived their charm by submission to his will. That it is not, however, an anomaly an ardent lover of the outdoor world has proved. Some of the happiest results are brought about by un- toward conditions, and so it happened that when five years ago Dr. Charles W. Richardson, of Washington, D. C., was confronted with the perplexing problem what to do with the loose lying stones on a recently purchased suburban estate, the solution of his difficulty, suggested by his wife, became the inception of a wild rock garden, unique in con- struction, delightful in character. The location for such a garden was ideal. From the road the land rose with sufficient abruptness to give to the house crowning its eminence both privacy and a vista; at the summit it rolled itself out into a fairly broad plateau; dipped into a tiny dell, and finally lost itself in a well de- fined glade which wandered through the woods with a pleasant indifference of direction. The front slope has been ordered into a park; the top land utilized in part for a green, a formal flower garden and a kitchen garden; but beyond the dell, on the rear of the estate, occupying a bit - The Japanese Point Where the Paths Divide sloping hillsides, over an acre and a half in all, is the rock of the plateau, and comprehending the glade and the gently garden. The Rhodendron Mound and the Day Lillies The first step in the construction of this garden was the laying out of paths, and this was taken with thought- ful regard of a natural order. The stones, obstacles in the making of the park and green, were carried hence and dropped, first in a defining line, and then one on another to form pockets for the proper elevation of certain plants. Conventionality was scrupulously avoided, and the wilful, unsystematic spirit of the woods carefully preserved. Certain clearing of the underbrush and trees was of course necessary, but in the main nature’s arrangement was ad- hered to. The paths are allowed to lead from place to place without apparent purpose; curving in and out, meet- ing and separating, affording vistas and forming secluded nooks; marked in places by a single row of rocks and pass- ing in others through rocky, sloping walls, waist high. To overcome the inconvenience of abrupt slopes and gully washing steps have been constructed, at wide intervals, with long gravel treads and log lifts—picturesque, and at the same time informal. In the same spirit a rustic, Japanese covered seat has been erected at the parting of two walks to give the sojourner a sheltered rest, and here and there log benches have been disposed. An effort has been made, also, to produce variety in the several pros- pects. In one large section a wild lawn has been made a feature, and in another a group of beeches has been util- ized to good effect. Once planned and fairly started, the collection of plants began, and from every roadside and meadow in the vicin- ity of the District of Columbia Mrs. Richardson gath- ered specimens, transplanting wisely, and replacing as nearly as possible each one in its natural environment A Portion of the Wild Lawn Later on, as the plan and garden grew, both through friends and as the result of summer travel, contributions were brought in from outside, until now, passing through the garden, there will be found here and there, happily domesti- cated, a little stranger from some distant clime. These, in many instances, are peculiarly charming, serving as interest- ing mementos; but they are no whit more treasured than their native neighbors. Mrs. Richardson has not restricted her collection to what are commonly known as wild flowers, but she has forbidden admission to all save hardy plants. The common garden annuals are given place elsewhere, and here only those sturdy enough to stand an outdoor winter are made welcome. At first the flowers were planted in groups according to their blossoming periods—that is, in a spring bed, a summer bed and an autumn border—but almost directly it was discovered that this left sections of the garden barren for a large portion of the year and the order was abandoned for one of general mingling. In the crevices of the rocks are placed bulbs, more than a thousand, and tiny plants habitually clinging or peculiarly suited to a stony soil; beyond these, on the crest, come the more vigorous plants, according to height, with lastly a row, or group, of bushes as a changing background. Though of apparent careless con- struction, an effort has been made to bring into close relationship flowers harmonious in color, whose forms will also in some degree sup- plement each other. ‘The tall, con- ventional iris is grown side by side with the graceful, drooping colum- bine; the wild geranium rises from a bed of ferns; the foxglove is brought in conjunction with the pink spirea. In some way the fox- glove, which of recent years has renewed its popularity, seems peculiarly at home in the woods, loosing the stiffness that it so often affects in an ordinary garden, and fitting in with its wild environment with delightful grace. Possibly it needs the leafy background—pos- sibly it rejoices in its release from captivity, its return to freedom. Certainly it assumes a new air and AMERICAN HOMES GARDENS puts forth its best floral effort. No prettier sight is to be seen in this garden of the woods than a border of pink and white foxgloves, stand- ing among the rocks by the side of a path, wisely nodding their heads in answer to the passing breeze. But it is dificult to say which flower in such a garden is the most lovely, or to be the most highly prized, each, in its turn, excelling the last. And what a quantity of them there are, and how closely they fol- low in each other’s footsteps! Earliest in the spring, when the garden is seemingly only a wilder- ness of rocks and bare soil, peepinz up among the rocks and around the tree trunks will be whole families of sober little Quaker ladies, or bluettes, as they are commonly called, with here and there a venturesome violet, a snow- drop or a timid anemone. Later, when the ferns are back- ing up out of the ground, for all the world like great brown hairpins, the tulips and jonquils will come, with the arbutus, the earliest spirea, the dogwood and the fruit blossoms. After these tramp the wild azalea, the laurel, the rhododen- drons, the iris, the columbine, the wild geranium and the native honeysuckle. Meanwhile, the trees have been shak- ing out their mantles, the ground has been putting down its carpet, and the Japanese maple has been stretching out its red, dainty fingers to the sun. Then they come in a rush, fairly falling over each other in their haste for expression, regardless of the shortness of life, passing sometimes in a single day, when no human eye has noted either their entrance or their exit. Now come the native hydrangeas, the foxgloves, the roses, the lilies and the ferns. Then, by and by, we shall have the mallows, the brown-eyed susans, the tall, native spirea, the gaudy tiger lilies and many-colored asters, the goldenrod and the sumac. These familiar friends and many others come and go—here to-day, gone to-morrow—returning season after season as faithful playmates keeping a tryst. Thus the wild garden, even AND October, 1905 The Entrance to the Garden, with its Ferns among the Rocks October, 1905 more truly than the cultivated garden, is a summer calendar, recording by its flora the progress of the season; and, turn- ing its pages one by one, the reader will find it the chron- icle of an ever-changing story, imbued from start to finish with deepest interest. It is, in a measure, this changeableness which makes a rock garden so alluring. The wild flowers show to a sur- prising degree a will of their own, and manifest in their short lifetimes an amazing amount of independence. Some, for example, do not appear at the scheduled time, lagging behind or rashly preceding their brethren. Others will not stay where they are placed, but year after year perversely re- plant themselves in awkward but more congenial positions. Away off among the ferns in June you may find, guiltily blooming, a truant sweet william, planted months before at the other end of the garden; or some early spring morning, when the frosts are still imminent, you may discover a venturesome little rose blossoming in the open. There is a chapter sometimes of accidents, but always of surprises. But it must not be imagined that a rock garden resembles in any re- spect a flower garden, or is even primarily dependent upon its blos- soms for its charm. Though Mrs. Richardson has in her garden sev- eral hundred varieties of flowering plants, there is never a time when the blossoms force the attention of the visitor. Even at the time of greatest abundance they reserve their beauty for those who seek them, and in this wise heighten their interest and intrinsic worth. There is, undoubtedly, something vastly impressive in a mass of blossoms—in a riot of floral color—but Nature rarely paints with a lavish palette, and when left to her own devices produces daintier, more moderate themes. One may find sensuous delight in a bed of gaudy poppies, of marigolds, of phlox; but when peeping under a bush you find a truss of red, wild strawberries, or, parting some twigs, you come unexpectedly upon a wind- blown brier rose, your joy will be of deeper root and partake of the ecstasy of a discoverer. All the blossoms in the wild garden are not, it is true, hidden away. Many are frankly in evidence, and present ANCE RPCA-N\GHOMES A Rustic Summer House in a Shady Nook AND GARDENS 245 trom time to time brave fronts of color. But they are not separated from their environment, as in a house garden, and therefore, to a casual observer, become a part of their sur- roundings. Such a garden is, by turns, a gray or green or golden picture, in the composition of which the flowers play a small but definite part. And in connection with the green picture it will be well to turn aside momentarily and observe the ferns. Of them Mrs. Richardson has made a specialty, getting together line native varieties and massing them, individually and with flowers, to charming effect. Beneath one splendid white beech she has planted maidenhair, until the entire ground is carpeted with it as for a fairy revel. ‘To these and to the iris she has given the glade, shading them on the open side with a privet hedge. High up on the hill, forming a central mound, she has planted her rhododendrons, and off to one side she has made a Japanese point, with stunted trees and shrubs brought from the land of the Mikado. It is constantly not only changing but growing. Year by year the garden receives new treasures and presents addi- tional features. It has taken both care and time to order and direct its development; for, in spite of its name, it has needed much at- tention. It is not easy to keep wild things within bounds: the strong must be prevented from overpowering the weak, and new- comers proving desirable must be succored against those which come unbidden and manifest themselves to be unworthy com- panions. Mrs. Richardson has done much of this work as well as the planning herself, but it has been done gradually, and for every effort expended the garden has returned her fourfold. It has proved a perennial pleas- ure, a restful retreat and a charming botanical treasure house. It is unique but not distorted; large but not lavish; a work of combined skill and patience which, given the same physical conditions, might be readily duplicated; but above and beyond all these it is a beautiful adaptation of nature. This, after all, is the finest success to achieve with a garden, and to it must be added the great novelty this garden possesses. The Country Home of John R. Sherman, Esq. Concluded from page 240 The library is trimmed with oak, treated with a Flemish brown. This room is an attractive apartment, with windows at either end fitted with paneled seats, and an open fireplace furnished with facings of Caen stone, with a carved keystone showing a crest. The walls are paneled from the floor to the ceiling, and the latter is beamed, forming deep panels. There are bookcases built in. ‘The mantel is handsomely carved with a paneled and carved overmantel, and it forms the important characteristic of the entire room. The dining-room is trimmed with red mahogany. It has a paneled wainscoting, above which the walls are covered with green silk. The ceiling is beamed, forming deep panels; the spaces between the beams being finished with a gold treatment. The open fireplace has marble facings and hearth and a paneled mantel and overmantel; both are orna- mented with brass in the Empire style. The second floor is planned with five bedrooms, boudoir, breakfast-room, three bathrooms, besides four servant bed- rooms and bath, which are placed over the extension. This floor is treated with white enamel, and the doors are one panel and are of mahogany. ‘The boudoir has walls covered with blue silk, with curtains to match. ‘The walls are paneled; some of the panels are filled in with plate-glass mirrors. The fireplace has a facing and hearth of Pavonazetto marble, and a mantel with overmantel paneled and with the spaces filled in with mirrors. Wie tency) "©: Pelton, New York. architect, 1133 Broadway, 246 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 The Furniture of Our Forefathers By Francis Durando Nichols acquired taste, and one is scarcely conscious of the time when the beauty of the antiques was first introduced into one’s mind. How well we remember the feeling of excitement with which we beheld the tall, stately, grand- father’s clock on the staircase, the Sheraton sofa which added dignity to the Colonial hall, the old bookcase in grandpa’s library, and the grand old four-poster in grandma’s room, whose presence seemed to breathe a de- lightful essence of repose and peace. Then there was the old hob grate where the apples were roasted and the corn was popped, and the old card table which was drawn up for a quiet little game after dinner. All these we remember; and how many similar treasure houses of the antique there are, especially in New Eng- land, and yet how little is known of them. The love for old pieces of furniture has grown as the years have passed, and one can not enjoy or ap- preciate them to the full until he has learned some- thing of their history, which, in the many interests it arouses, will more than repay him for his trouble. Perhaps one reason why this hobby has become so popular is that specimens of the antiques are so numer- ous that we do not have to seek far to find some gen- uine examples. ‘The won- der is that so few of the pos- sessors of antique furniture Phage Fig. 2—A Sheraton Sof Fig. I—A Console Table of the Adam Style, and at One Time : ; Used in “‘ Cleopatra’s Barge ” teresting to note that this know, or care to learn, anything about either its history, maker or origin. The illustrations which are presented on these pages were made from photographs especially taken for the purpose of showing some of the exceptionally fine ex- amples of old furniture found in the old Colonial houses in Salem, Mass., which is one of the oldest colonies in New England, and is rich in antiquities. The Sheraton design of furniture building must have come into vogue about 1773, for Thomas Shera- ton, who was a native of Stockton-on-Tees, supported himself about the year 1791 as an author; for he pub- lished at that time a work in two volumes, ‘‘ The Cab- inet Maker and Uphol- sterer’s Drawing Book,” by which it would seem that he did not make furniture after 1793, and that before that time he had filled orders like any other ordinary workman. The console table, Fig. I, is a fine example, and is the property of Mrs. William Waters. It is char- acteristic of the Adam style, for it has been aptly said that the characteristics of the Adam design are simplicity, elegance, slender- ness and the bas-relief. The ornamental brass trim- mings, including the fluted shell at the corners, the grif- fin design in the center, the caryatides at the top of the column, and the claw feet at the bottom, are all charac- teristic of Adam. It is in- We Pudi yen Fig. 3—A Sofa Built in 1790 October, 1905 Fig. 4—A Pineapple Card Table of the Empire Style, Showing Antique Candlesticks, with Tray and Snuffers console table was made for one of the governors of the West Indian Islands, and in its transportation was captured by a privateer, and was afterward used as a part of the furniture of “ Cleopatra’s Barge’ when in port. The secretary, or bookcase, Fig. 8, and sometimes called a “‘ bureau-bookcase,”’ was made in 1770, and is the property of Mrs. Nathan Mansfield. It is in a fine state of preserva- tion, and it has a shell pattern carved into the flap, while the top is surmounted with the design of the burning torch, one in the center and one at either side—a design which was quite frequently used in Colonial times. The pineapple card table, Fig. 4, so called from being carved in the design of the pineapple, is of the Empire style, and belongs to Mrs. Charles J. Sadler. It was formerly the WANN a ee ARS x ‘ \ \ \ N », \ Fig. 5—A Mahogany Card Table AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 247 property of the family of General Oliver, who owned it for one hundred years. It is of mahogany, and the central post is beautifully carved in the design of the pineapple, from the base of which swing out, from either of the four corners, graceful, sweeping legs, which are also handsomely carved. The top, as is shown in the picture, is folded, but it can be made double the size by unfolding the leaf. The antique candlesticks, with tray and snuffers, shown on the top of the table, are worthy of note. The mahogany cardtable, Fig. 5, has four straight legs, and in order to increase the size of the top a leaf is lifted up from the bottom and a leg pulled out to give it support. There is some good carving at the corners and on the legs. Fig. 6—A Colonial Mantel, Showing the First Hob Grate Introduced into Salem The graceful Sheraton sofa was designed and built for the purpose of using it for a place to rest and loll upon after dinner. The sofa, Fig. 3, was built in 1790, and belongs to Mrs. Nathan Osgood, while the other sofa, Fig. 2, is the property of Mrs. Henry P. Benson; both of which are fine examples of that period. The Colonial mantel, Fig. 6, which is exquisite in its design, is in the house of Mr. Charles R. Waters, and the fireplace contains the first hob grate introduced into Salem. The mantel is a beauty, with its central panel showing a carved eagle, while at either side is the floral festoon and bow-knot, beyond which is the pilaster, showing an urn carved therein. The four-poster bedstead, Fig. 7, was built in 1795, and and is owned by Mr. Charles R. Waters. It is one of the 248 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDERS October, 1905 enjoyed them, but to us they have an addi- tional quality, which is inseparable from old ob- jects of interest. Their very age endears them to us, and this is a source of enjoyment from them that the original owners could not have had. But we must believe their interest was always great and very real. ‘Their books and letters are strewn with affectionate records of their furniture, testifying to a lively appreciation of it. They knew good things when they saw them, did these old folk, and they had the rare advantage of hav- ing good articles when they purchased the handi- work of the furniture makers of the end of the eighteenth century. Not all of it, of course, was good; many of the old models are miracles of dis- comfort, and put the strict constructionist to shame for pure vagary of style; but there was honest intent to please in much of this work, and if the search for novelty of form and pattern led the designer astray, the modern eye is apt to for- give him because his work belongs to a past time, every item of which has present day interest. Fig. 7—Four-Poster Bedstead, with Carved Tester Built in 1795 finest examples in this country. Its four posts are hand- somely carved with garlands of flowers; they support a tester, which is also elaborately carved and decorated in gilt. Our forefathers liked to take their leisure, and the easy lounge and luxurious bed are ever in evidence. ‘The :m- portance (I had almost said the dignity) of the bed, during the period of which I am treating, can hardly be overesti- mated. The bed is sometimes mentioned apart from the bedstead, but frequently the term is used to include the bedstead and all its furnishings It must be remembered that in Europe the bedchamber was a room of great importance, for kings and queens often received their courtiers in their sleeping apartments. The heavy, imposing four-poster was both luxurious and beautiful. The framework, as in the illustration presented, was usually handsomely carved, the bed was of the softest down, the linen of the finest, and the outer cover of a cloth of gold, or of some other costly ma- terial, richly embroidered with heraldic designs. One instinctively wonders, in viewing any collection of old furniture, whether the original possessor took the same pleas- ure in it and had the same pride of it that every living owner feels. ‘They must have, one can but think, for these fine old pieces have real intrinsic merit and interest of a very pene- trating and absorbing sort. To have owned them must have been a delight, for such it is now; to have lived with them must have been a joy, for this is the sensation they give to-day. Yet the modern mind can hardly place itself in the same position as that of the contemporary of these pieces. We Fig. 8—A Secretary, Sometimes Called a Bureau-Bookcase enjoy them as we think the original owners must have Built in 1770 3 a ul & ; 4 October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 249 A Southern California Ranch By Charles F. Holder life no one who has passed through the strip of country between the desert and the deep sea on the southern California coast can deny, but what it is is another ques- tion. What the Eastern man calls a farm the Gliforian designates a ranch, and by the same token the farmer is a rancher. Here the resemblance ends, as the con- ditions which environ the two are entirely different. The great ranches still remain more or less intact, and one of the largest in southern California, and possibly the most at- tractive, is the Santa Anita Rancho, in Los Angeles County, about fourteen miles from Los Angeles, on the slope of the Sierra Madre Range, destined in the near future to become one of the most delightful of the many suburbs of Los Angeles, whose limits are now within about two miles of the borders of that city. It is said that the ambition of E. J. Baldwin, the owner of Santa Anita, was to own a strip The Ranch Home across the Lake, Showing Diversity of Plants and Trees, the Vegetation Being Principally Tropical typical big California rancher is in every sense the possessor of an eminent domain. He owns and controls a princi- pality, and on some of the old ranches one could ride for days and find new and diverting scenery. A few years ago, comparatively speaking, all California was divided into these principalities, but to-day, owing to the increased value of the land and the high taxes, they are being cut up. “Towns and villages are plotted on them, and what were once farms now become town sites. Many of the of land several miles wide, and from the Sierra Madre to the sea—a distance of thirty miles. That he nearly succeeded is well known, and doubtless, it would have been an accomplished fact had land not leaped into high values so rapidly. As it stands, this estate is represented by a number of splendid ranches that sweep down from the mountains, crossing the Puente, or Mission Hills, to the Pacific, whose blue waters can be distinctly seen shimmering in the sun. 250 Santa Anta Rancho proper, cut and trimmed by towns and small en- croachments, repre- sents fifteen thou- sand acres, in the heart of the San Gabriel Valley. Four railroads—the Atchison, ‘Topeka and Santa Fé, the Southern Pacific, Salt Lake and an electric line from Los Angeles—now cross it, and the days of Santa Anita are doubtless num- bered, its doom be- ing to be cut up into acres and dotted with the splendid homes of retired captains of industry who have already a natural park, level and gently sloping. secured large tracts of it. The beauty of Santa Anita lies in its commanding position AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Cypress and Pine Road Leading to the House October, 1905 Sierra Madre, is a beautiful live oak grove, made up of trees centuries old, of large size and ex- tent, which not only enhance the attract- iveness of the land, but suggest to the Californian a water store more valuable here than gold or silver. The initial part of the rancho is Santa Anita Canon, a deep glen in the mountains whose waters run down through the ranch. At an alti- tude of about eight- een hundred feet the great oaks begin— In the center of this the owner has made his home on what is virtually an island in a lake, which lends beauty to the environment and in the fact that its upper portion, where it leaves the of the whole. From a long distance the tall palms which q he The Ranch Home from the North, Showing the Gardens About the House October, 1905 surround the ranch house can be seen rising, plume-like, gigantic pompons of green, nearly one hundred feet in air, from a forest of rare tropical and semitropical trees. The approach from the south is through a splendid line of eucalyptus or blue gums, which tower aloft, giving the observer an impressive conception of the majesty of forest trees which in Australia attain a height of several hun- dred feet. Here we are upon the ‘‘ home ranch ”’ of fifteen hundred acres, all in a high state of cultivation. Reaching away from the eucalyptus drive, either side, are groves of various kinds of orange—from the late Valencia to the Washington navel—masses of deep green dotted with discs of gold, lemon orchards in the distance, lime, kumquat and grapefruit, and a long list of citrus fruits, making up one of the largest and most productive citrus groves in the State. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 251 vistas of palms through screens of cypress, Lombardy pop- lars and pines; indeed, the strange gathering of trees from nearly every clime about this ranch house is not the least of its attractions. The ranch house is the central point from which radiate many different interests. In one direction the eye rests upon vast orange groves, their perennial green sprinkled with seeming dust of gold. In another are hundreds of acres of vineyard, where the Mission grape grows in low bunches, California fashion, and converts the gray soil into a coat of green. Toward Pasadena is the live oak grove, and to the north a splendid domain of hundreds of acres of this lowland forest. Another vista includes the winery, to which, in September and October, tons of grapes are taken and pressed, the juice of Zinfandel, Tokay, Mission and The Garden Around the Lake—The Home of a California Rancher The ranch house itself is a modest villa standing amid groups of palms, fan and date, which with eucalyptus, pep- per, willow and others form grateful shade. The borders of the garden at the lake edge are planted with gorgeous cannas, ferns and brakes, of vigorous and beautiful growth, and strange plants and trees appear at every hand. About the lake or moat, which appears to nearly surround the ranch house, like the moat of a feudal castle, the drive winds, affording attractive and charming vistas. From one point of vantage the great groups of palms and eucalyptus are seen wholly reflected in the water, while from another grace- ful willows drooping to the water, giant rose bushes and trees covered with masses of white Banksian roses appear, merely suggestive of the wealth of bloom to be found here. Other drives in the immediate vicinity of the house show many more being stored in huge tuns, and year after year bottled and cased for shipment all over the world. A visit to this winery is a revelation to those not familiar with the varied products of a southern California ranch. Hundreds of Mexicans and Chinamen are employed here, making wine, trimming vines, picking grapes, oranges, lemons, limes and other fruits in season, and cultivating the land at other times. This ranch is a community in itself. Within its corporate limits is the town of Arcadia, made up, in the main, of those engaged in and about the ranch and devoted to its interests. In the ranch yard, near the winery, is the ranch store, a type of the general store found throughout the West. Near here are the blacksmith and other shops containing complete outfits for repairs. The Santa Anita wine, oranges, lemons and grapes are 252 AMERICAN HOMES famous, but the feature of this ranch that possibly has at- tracted the most attention is its stock, its horses, as here have been bred some of the fastest horses in the world, whose sires and dams are familiar in the world of sport, and where large and extensive stables are filled with famous horses that are daily exercised over the great track near the ranch house, and from which racers and winners have gone out all over the country for many years. At Santa Anita the entire story of the farmer in southern California is exemplified, as almost every factor that appeals to the farmer is here, with all the esthetic features that are produced by luxuriant foliage and splendid forests, mesas and mountains. Here is demonstrated the benefits of irriga- tion that has reclaimed all southern California. Water is piped down from the mountain streams of the Santa Anita Canon, that leads up into the Sierra Madre, and introduced to the various groves of citrus fruits here, running in long parallel lines or filling great squares about the roots of trees. There is a succession of crops on this ranch, due to the complete elimination of winter. The winter crops are the citrus fruits. They have been growing during the summer under the care of the irrigator, and by Christmas are being picked, the groves filled with Chinamen and Mexicans, who, with canvas bags and clippers, go from tree to tree, pick the fruit, or rather cut it, and send it to the packing house, where it is washed, scoured, graded, wrapped in tissue and packed. The grading is done by the washers, who, after cleaning the fruit, place it on an incline, each orange passing into the tube of its own size and so on into a large box, the grading being mechanical and perfect. From here the fruit goes to the packers, and is then ready for shipping in the specially devised cars of the three transcontinental lines that cross the ranch. By early spring the oranges are all picked. The gangs of Chinamen have cut down the acres of grape- vines, which now resemble rows of black stumps, down through which the cultivators are driven to keep out the weeds, while fleet grey- hounds are used to kill the jack rabbits. In early spring the vineyards leave out, and ina short time the walnut grove is a mass of green, and the almond and pomegranate and various fruit trees of the East— peach, prune, apricot, plum, pear and many more —the men, the farmers or ranchers passing from the care of one crop to the other. The climate is so mild that many of the vege- tables grow all winter, and in sheltered places the strawberry. In May the loquat is ripe and the crop of guavas has been gath- ered. In July apricots and peaches are ready for market. The hay crop, which was planted be- fore Christmas, depending upon the first rain, was cut in April or May, and all over the ranch great piles of barley and oat hay tell an interesting story. The winter on this ranch would seem like a cool The Eucalyptus Drive and the AND GARDENS October, 1905 summer to an Eastern farmer. There is no laying up of wood for winter. wey S 4—Good Dining-Room Furniture in a Poor Architectural Setting way down deep, few women like housework. They often pretend to like it, because it might seem unwomanly to con- fess otherwise, as it would seem unmanly for a man to confess he loathed work and preferred idleness to industry; but, secretly, attractive as Fig. 9 is—I can fancy I hear a woman exclaiming, ‘‘ That window is positively dear! ”’— they would not care to own it unless they had maids to keep it up. And as for setting a table for herself alone, to say nothing about the candelabras and the other graceful ac- cessories, why there is scarcely one woman in a thousand that would ever dream of doing such a thing. They would sit upon the kitchen table or anywhere and munch a sandwich, drink a glass of milk, and say it was all theatrics in the men. But the thou- sandth woman knows it is not the- atrics, but the secret of all true art, the expressed wish in one’s home sur- roundings to make the world a better place than it really is and a more char- itable place than the Lord intended. Strangely enough there is nobody who cares less about an artistic dining-room thantheartisticwom- an, that is, of course, if she has totakecare of it, prepare meals, even her own meals; and should you men- tion housework to the artistic woman October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 255 dining-rooms for those who can appreciate what the Lord seems not willing we should all enjoy. These are the principles of the artistic dining- room ethically expressed. Everybody wants to express this philosophy without knowing it, per- haps without believing it—that it is the keynote of a dining-room design; even in dining-rooms which are distinctly banal and tawdry, we recog- nize what the owners wished to express very well (see Fig. 1), only they had bad advice about it, and didn’t say it. What they did say architecturally was really the opposite to what was intended—artificiality, stuffiness, tawdriness, lack of harmony, nouveaux riches, etc. Com- pare, if you will, Fig. 1 with Fig. 9, and I think further comment upon Fig. 1 by me will be superfluous. Then, anything that departs from the Anglo- Saxon dining-room is not to be recommended in America. ‘Teakwood screens, bisons’ heads, - French window drapery and a certain heavy kind of Flemish wood carving are all inimical to the successful dining-room, albeit the bison is a dis- tinctly American product. He goes better in the hall (see Fig. 2), barring the Adirondacks cabin chimney-piece, which is out with everything else in the room. ‘This dining-room might look ex- tremely well in Berlin or Munich, but not, we shall say, in New England—too much chance for moths and microbes; besides, we want to open the windows and breathe some air—some American air, which has more vitality in a cubic inch than they have in Europe in a cubic foot. The atmos- e phere all over Europe is what they would call in 6—A State Dining-Room England “relaxing ’—dead and very unsalu- brious for the average American, who is used to when she is engaged in the much higher pursuit of discussing our atomized champagne; at least, that is what Charles “over soul” or “ under soul,” it would be encugh to bring Dickens said it was like. (Read his description of sailing into on a fit of demoniacal fury. There may be pursuits more edify- ing and useful to man than the ethics of the dining-room, but I know of none more conducive to his wel- fare; and considering it is one of the first instincts of creation I do not think it would be wise to neglect it entirely. For my own part, it has always | seemed to me an evil | to be retained rather than the means to an end, and I have al- ways thought of those people whose wealth and servants, like “Elizabeth of the German garden,” for instance, created a desiretocamp out, that they should arrange to camp out indefi- nitely, and allow the money thus saved to buy as many comfort- able, not to say ideal, 7—An English Painted Dining-Room 256 Massachusetts Bay in ‘‘ American Notes.”’) It is, therefore, with some grate- ful sense one turns to the out-and- out American dining-room exempli- fied in Fig. 3. Of course Fig. g is our choice, by long odds; but one may tell when these dining-rooms are clean, which is more than can be said of Fig. 8. Even the artistic woman will clean when she won't cook, though she likes it no better. The big drop light over the table looks a bit terrifying, but it may not be so in operation; and I have seen much prettier door heads. Beauty has no formule, nor is the word “ simplicity” a safe word by itself for the decoration of a home, because there are so many people who can not distinguish between good simplicity and that which is bad—in fact, positively ugly. Great artists, architects and musicians are often unable to distinguish between inspiration and mediocrity in their own work, hence all the disappoint- ing productions of otherwise great talent. They can not tell the difference so easy to us who receive the impressions. We marvel, but it is a fact. Now, the dining-room we present in Fig. 4 is an extremely simple one, but not a pretty one, like we have in Fig. 9. It is too like a cell in its proportions: the window sills are either unduly elevated or else unduly depressed, while the room is devoid of what we call, in architecture, ‘‘ features.’’ ‘There is neither chimney nor fireplace visible in the picture, although there may be one, in which case the photographer is to blame. There is no cornice, no chair rail, no wainscot—in a word, no especial character but simplicity; and thus we see that sim- plicity has a meaningless side which is worthless for art 9—The Gem of the Collection AMERICAN HOMES October, 1905 AND GARDENS €—The Hopeless Average Dining-Room purposes. We see good dining-room furniture in a poor architectural setting. The dining-room shown in Fig. 5 is a much better design, for it has wainscot and cornice and breadth, all unalienable to the successful Colonial dining-room. Then the long win- dow is charming, the mirror and wall painting all right, and but for a few blemishes might rival No. 9. That hetero- geneous collection of plates and placques is very disturbing to the quiet and peace which otherwise reign. Be as original as you please in plotting your dining-room, but the originality must be confined within the iron-bound limits of historical precedent, and I have explained why in an earlier paper. Don’t go in for freaks, although the freaks be, in a way, artistic successes. (See the remarkable painted dining-room from English Country Life, Fig. 7). This is very clever and well carried out, but it is not a dining-room. Upon the other hand, don’t make your dining-room so strictly a dining-room as to ap- pear a _ solecism were one to sit in it at other than meal times. That is the ‘ under- done ” way of it. Have a little of the living-room atmosphere —some silent invitation, I will call it, to linger after the cloth has been removed—such a very comfortable, all around apart- ment, indeed, that one might wish to tarry at any time with book or even writing materials. Of course, if we were speak- ing of state dining-rooms (from English Country Life, Fig. 6), why that is something else, again; but these principles of home decoration are for Amer- icans of average means. October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Helps to Home Building The House Garden HE garden is the great external beautifier of the house. It is created for beauty alone and for no other purpose. ‘The house has its utilitarian value. It is built for shelter, for comfort, for pleasure, for everything, 3 in short, but its external form and artistic Tae are qualities deliberately given to it by its de- aspect; signer and are quite distinct and apart from its functional purpose as a place of shelter. But the garden is sheer j Joy. It has nothing to do but to grow and be beautiful. It is a place of pure enjoyment, arranged for the giving of pleasure, and without suggestion of utilitarian purpose. ‘hat it adds to the beauty of a place is, of course, a great good fortune, but even this is a beauty- giving quality without hint of utility. No other part of the home is so completely divorced from questions of use. The house is built because it has a useful purpose to fulfill. It is furnished because the furniture is necessary and has useful functions to perform. It is difficult to add anything, even of the most ornamental quality, to the house without giving some thought to its utility. But the gar- den is free for beauty-making. It needs only to be beautiful to fulfill the utmost utility, and this is done so gracefully and so naturally that the mere idea of utility is utterly foreign to it. There are gardens and gardens. Many very well dis- posed persons have no eyes for gardens save those designated as Italian. And the garden lover does not live who will decry the beauty of these elaborate places, decked with a sumptuous adornment of architecture and sculpture, planted with costly plants, arranged in a formal and beautiful man- ner. A very high type of garden is this, rich in every pos- sible resource of beauty, unquestionably the most beautiful garden type we have. Quite a variety of reasons make the Italian garden beauti- ful, and have, unquestionably, greatly furthered its vogue in America. It is complete in itself and has been planned as a unit from the first stone and the first plant. It is inclosed within boundary lines which add enormously to its complete- ness of effect, and help most materially in giving that unity of result which is one of its chief charms. It has, moreover, the distinction given it by an architectural framework, which may be literally a bounding wall, a partial inclosure, or sepa- rate structures which close in certain vistas or otherwise have definite structural purposes to perform. In whatever form architecture is introduced, it is a happy, joyous art of no great structural value, architecture for adornment only, and pleas- ing because of its adorning qualities. The planting, also, is carried out on a prearranged scale, in which every shrub and tree, every plant and flower, look toward the realization of a settled end—an end of beauty, and of the most beauty. And when in the midst of this loveliness an exquisite fountain, a rare vase or a beautiful statue is set up, the crown has been given to the work of art, and the fortunate owner may rest satisfied that the utmost has been done for the adornment of his home. Not every one may have an Italian garden, but most owners may have a garden of some sort; must have, in fact, unless his house is stood in a row and solemnly bounded on either side by other houses as completely wanting in the great beautifier of nature as his own. Even the Italian garden can be quite a simple affair, for while it is always aided by architectural and sculptural additions neither of these great arts is actually essential to its making. An Italian garden is a formal garden, but a garden may be planted in a formal way, without architectural and sculp- tural adjuncts which are so generally considered as essentially a part of the Italian type. A formal garden is, of course, exactly what its name implies—a garden planted in a formal way, with paths somewhat rigid in plan, with set borders and definite planning in all its planting. Like the Italian garden it presupposes a generous space for its development, and is hardly suited to plots of restricted dimensions. The hardy garden is another interesting type of garden, which has the supreme advantage of reproducing itself, sea- son after season, with added growth and beauty each year. If it be considered as a type itself it is only in its contents, for it may be planted in a formal way, and it.actually con- stitutes the larger part of the planting of the Italian garden; or, to refer to another class, it may be planted in a wild and natural manner, without thought of formal arrangement, and left to grow as Nature herself may determine. Nor should the tree garden be neglected. ‘This, once more, is a garden that belongs to the large estate, for trees require room for growth, and although their beauty may be as great alone as in the mass. Every great public park is a tree garden on a large scale, in which trees of many varieties are grown under the happiest conditions, and give to the people the fulness of their beauty. The great private estate is also, in a sense, a tree garden, in which each tree is carefully tended, and viewed, as it should be, as a natural treasure beyond price. And then, the simple little flower garden, never too small to be without beauty, never too slight in idea to be wanting in grace, never too unimportant to be without dignity and merit. The flower garden is the beginning of all gardens, for it is the easiest made and the most lovingly tended. It is the individual garden, the garden of the home, the personal pastime of the owner. And its beauty is quite as mcasure- less as the more sumptuous garden of the large landowner. Size, indeed, has nothing to do with garden values, only beauty. Wherever there is a bit of land around a house it should be put to garden uses: it is there for that purpose and for no other. It is possibly true that land exists that houses may be built upon it, but the time is not yet ripe for this prepond- erance of architecture upon the earth, and the day when it may come is so far off that present-living souls need not be deterred from the cultivation of their garden spots by the hideous suggestion. The land is ours, and those who are fortunate enough to possess any of it have no nobler duty to themselves and to their neighbors than to install, cultivate and develop the best garden their means and their tastes will permit. This touches immediately on a distinct value of gardens apart from their inherent quality as beautifiers of the house. A beautiful garden is seen of all men. A beautiful house interior is the personal private property of the owner, ex- isting for his own delight alone and for that of his selectest friends. It is a selfish enjoyment, that of the interior of the house, albeit a most natural one. But the garden is as fully enjoyed by the public as by the owner. It is the owner’s contribution to public art, his gift to the aspect of his street or road, his personal addition to the value of his own real estate. ‘This is sordid ground on which to defend the merits of the garden, but it is a very real and definite ground that need not be overlooked. 258 AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 Science for the Home Humidity Within the House HERE is a most mistaken notion that humid- ity is a source of discomfort and annoyance. That much suffering is caused in. summer by an excess of humidity is unquestionably true; but the relationship between tempera- ; ture and humidity is far from being under- stood, cl Oe celery the part humidity takes in the heat- ing economy of the house in the winter. That the average American house is too highly heated in winter will be admitted without qualification; it is a character- istic of almost every American interior where coal can be had for consumption. It is, of course, necessary to keep warm in our cold and trying winters, and the commonplace way of doing so is to burn up as much coal as possible. Scientific study of the heating problem has, however, de- monstrated that the best way to heat a house, the safest way in which to keep warm, is to burn coal in a scientific way, using it properly, getting the most out of it, and conducting the performance with the aid of scientific apparatus con- trived to secure the best results. Some very curious effects have been noted from the study of heating conditions. Rooms in which the temperature is higher than that of other rooms on other days feel colder to the occupants than when the room thermometer reads less. Investigation has brought out the remarkable fact that there is a direct relationship between the effect of tempera- ture and the moisture in the air. In other words, given two rooms of equal temperature, the one with the greater humid- ity will feel the warmer; or, put it another way, the room which has the greater humidity will require less temperature, as recorded by the thermometer, than the one which is drier. The obvious conclusion from such observations is that a proper relationship must be maintained between the humidity and the temperature of our houses. Dr. Henry Mitchell Smith, who has given much time to the investigation of this subject, suggests about 60 per cent., never less than 50 per cent. nor more than 70. With such a percentage of humidity a temperature of 65 degrees F. is found amply sufficient and comfortable. Two results follow from a proper adjustment of the re- lationship between temperature and humidity. There is greater personal comfort and less danger from disease, be- cause with this adjustment comes a more healthful atmos- phere. ‘The humidity within the house bears a more scien- tific relationship to that without, a condition quite essential to good health in winter. The second result is the economy in the consumption of fuel. This is a matter that directly affects every producer of heat, and is a topic to the importance of which every house- holder is keenly alive. It means, moreover, obtaining better results, with less cost; that is to say, quite sufficient tempera- ture and more sanitary living conditions. The relationship of humidity to temperature within the house is, therefore, a subject of great practical importance. Hydrometers and moistening apparatus, of a good kind, properly applied and the latter well regulated, are thus very essential to the scientific equipment of the house, and have a real and practical value quite apart from their scientific interest. Even if their use is not now general, the time is not far distant when they will be used more than at present. Heating the House OcToBER is the month when the thoughts of the house- keeper are irresistibly impelled toward the subject of heating the house. ‘There is no choice in the matter; it is a subject that presents itself with unfailing regularity. It is a topic of the first importance, and a vast industry has grown up around it, while much thought and care have been devoted to it, all with the laudible purpose of providing the best way of obtaining the most heat at the lowest cost. Heating conditions vary so much with the localities that no one general set of rules can be laid down which would even so much as govern one place. ‘The heating problem is quite as individual as the furnishing problem; what will seem best for one house may not answer for another, although the ex- periences gained by one householder will often furnish profit- able subjects for discussion and examination by others. Notwithstanding that very elaborate apparatus can now be had for heating the house, the old-fashioned stove and the still more old-fashioned open grate are still with us and still have their value and utility. It is not always possible to heat a house, and especially a country house, with a furnace, and the stove in many different forms holds its own against the claims of other devices calculated to produce better re- sults with greater efficiency. The open fireplace is, of course, wasteful in heat, and hence wasteful in fuel; but it likewise has its utility and its charm is very great. There are many more modern forms of heating apparatus: the furnace for hot air; the combination of hot water and hot air; hot water and steam, the latter being applied both in low pressure and in high pressure. This brief summary, however, by no means exhausts the list, nor does it indicate the very varied combinations and devices which are supplied under these general heads. Of furnaces, for example, there are three general kinds, portable, fixed and twin, the latter being a doubled form of fixed furnace. To these should be added fan furnaces, large heating apparatus supplied with fans and suited to the heating of churches, schools and other large buildings. In the hot water and hot air combination system the hot gases are made to pass over a water heating surface sus- pended over the fire, a device that effects some saving in fuel, but which hinders ventilation, since in direct radiation the same air is used over and over again in any room. Steam heating combinations are also sometimes combined with the furnace, an arrangement that it is claimed has quick heat- ing ability and requires the use of smaller radiators; it is, however, very sensitive to the condition of the fire. The final great group of heating apparatus includes those for heating with hot water and steam. ‘This comprises a vast variety of systems and apparatus, many ot which have special claims for consideration. It is with one form or another of such apparatus that the larger number of build- ings and dwellings are now heated where the intention is to provide the most approved appliances, the kinds that give the best results and with the utmost economy of combustion. Individual conditions, in most cases, will determine which system to use and which apparatus is best suited for indi- vidual needs. It is impossible to advise specifically, except in actual cases and with full knowledge of all the facts. October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AUN Di (CAghop EINes 25 \O The Household Furniture for Men V2GESKEN N the face of it there would appear to be no 2 * especial reason why furniture for men oe i should differ in any essential way from fur- hee +) ae >) niture for women or from furniture used by both sexes. Sex in furniture is, in truth, a new idea. Furniture for children we all know, since it must be of smaller size than that suited to the grown-ups, and, in addition, includes some special articles, such as desks and play furniture, which are only available for childhood. With the exception of the shaving stand, and that weird thing called the cellarette, the whole range of furniture would seem to offer little enough which might be termed essentially masculine. A furniture dealer has, however, gotten together a list of furniture for men, and the catalogue is an interesting one, as indicating exactly what a specialist in furniture regards as especially men’s furniture. The shaving stand naturally heads the list, but it is hard pressed with the chafing dish cabinet and the cellarette. “Then come lounging chairs, club chairs and all sorts of comfortable seats, which, we may be sure, the women will value as highly as any man, but which have a very high place in any scheme devised for masculine comfort. Settles, lounges, davenports and couches come next, and as being closely related to the comfort-giving qualities of lounging chairs. Bachelor chiffoniers, auto valets and wardrobes, together with bachelor dressers, form another notable group which have masculine significance, and which are more or less directly designed for men and in- tended for them. As for beds, no man arranging living quarters could well get along without one, and they are necessarily included in the category, as are floor coverings of all sorts—rugs, carpets and mats. As for tables, there is absolutely no limit, from the exclusively masculine card table to the dining or break- fast table and tables for every possible use. If the bachelor —for men’s furniture seems to be rather specially intended for this unfortunate class of human beings—keeps house and has a dining-room, he will need a host of things—buffets, sideboards, dinner gongs, serving trays, wine coolers, muffin stands; doubtless there are other articles which come in the same list, but this is sufficient indication that the man house- keeper must equip himself with articles of furniture many of which he never before knew the use of, much less appreciated the necessity for. For his bedroom he will need, beside the articles already named, costumers and clothes trees, cedar chests and clothes presses. For his hall and for other rooms he will require clocks, lamps, electroliers, desk lights and reading lamps, all of infinite shape and size, and all requiring more or less constant care. For his library he will need bookcases, revolv- ing bookcases, book shelves, cabinets, book blocks, tables, desks and chairs. A screen may be needed before the tire- place, or to hide the litter of papers which almost every one accumulates. Of minor articles there will be a host of things, such as pedestals and desk sets, foot stool and shoe boxes, wood boxes and fireplace sets, and perhaps a padded fireplace foot rail, while the humidor, cigar boxes and smoking sets will be the very first things thought of. Obviously a very pretty man’s apartment could be furnished from such a list, an apartment thoroughly masculine in effect, even though many of the articles would be equally available for women. Cheap Baths THERE are two impediments to the general use of baths in houses of low cost—the recognition of their value and the cost of installation. The value of a bath in a private house is so very obvious that no argument for its utility would be needed were it not for the astounding observations made on the use of baths by investigation into tenement house conditions in New York and elsewhere. ‘These inquiries have demonstrated that a regular system of education in the use of baths is urgently needed among the foreign-born popu- lation of the United States, and until the manifest prejudice against baths and their proper use by such peoples is over- come a recognition of their value will be delayed. The question of cost is another important matter, since the installation of the most moderate bathroom in a city house is a matter of considerable expense. Municipal laws and regulations govern this subject in all cities, and these can not be departed from; but the installation of a bath in buildings erected outside city limits, or even in an old house within municipal limits in which no provision for such necessities was originally made, can sometimes be accomplished in a comparatively inexpensive manner. Several devices to this end have been proposed from time to time. A bath sunk in the kitchen floor, or, if the building contains a pantry, in that space, has been suggested; but its disadvantages are so obvious that the proposal needs hardly to be made to be rejected. Unless the usual elaborate plumbing fittings are used it is apparent that the bath must be near the water supply or directly under it, and that proper provision be made for getting rid of the water. If there is no escape pipe, and the water must be baled out, almost any sort of a bath will be objectionable; in any event, such a bath must be immediately adjoining a waste outlet. Another suggestion is that the bath be placed so that water, both hot and cold, be brought into it immediately from the sources of supply, the regular pipe for the cold water and the heater for the hot, while the end may be placed under the sink. ‘The water supply is thus easily obtained, and the sink is close at hand for baling out the water after the bath has been used. ‘This method is not open to the objection of placing the bath in the floor, where it must be immediately covered lest some other person step into it, where it is difficult to empty it, and where it is quite impossible to get below it. A bath stood on the floor is at least accessible. Still another suggestion is a swinging bath, that folds up and may be incased within a wardrobe-like inclosure or cabinet. ‘This brings the bath directly into the room, where it may be reached on all sides, and hence it is very available for sick-rooms and other places where it may be desirable to approach the bath from more than one side. It saves space and practically takes the bath out of the room when not in use. For limited quarters the spray bath is often found the most available. It involves only a spray circlet, a cistern for a moderate amount of water, and a waterproof sheet as an inclosure. In houses of very moderate cost it must nec- essarily be a cold water bath only, as an expensive installation is needed for hot water. All of these methods are make- shifts, and are only available for houses of the lowest cost. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 Civic Betterment The Business Aspect EW forms of artistic endeavor offer such definite financial returns as that phase of public art which is termed civic betterment. All art has a commercial aspect, since it can not thrive unless it is supported, and it will | not, in a general way, be supported unless those who put their money into it derive a personal satisfac- tion of ownership, and very possibly, and quite rightly, look to a reimbursement for their expenditure, if not for an actual profit. ‘The records of modern art sales at home and abroad demonstrate very clearly that good art of every kind is a safe and profitable form of investment, a result true alike of sculpture and painting, engraving and etching, metal-work and enamel, pottery and porcelain, and so on through the whole gamut of artistic endeavor. The collecting of objects of art can not, however, be legitimately undertaken for commercial gains alone. ‘The true end of art is to give pleasure and delight, and the per- son who views it wholly as a financial speculation derives no personal satisfaction from it of any kind. Moreover, such gains are personal private gains of no public importance. But civic betterment stands in a wholly different class. Civic art is public art; it 1s seen and appreciated by every one. Its ownership by a community means collective ownership by the whole people; it is art which is not intended to delight a few, but to appeal to the many. ‘These are self-evident facts that require no elaboration. The commercial aspect of such art is, therefore, very great, and its value as a commercial investment has been shown over and over again. ‘This result is much more broadly admitted in continental Europe than it is in America. A good deal of effort toward civic betterment has been put forth in America in the last few years, but it has not yet reached a point at which we can feel any great satisfaction in it. Much of this work has been done on too small a scale to yield appreciable results, and most of it, except in the way of parks, has been planned and executed in a hap- hazard manner that makes but slight impression. It is futile to forecast the future, but the possibility of transforming any American city into a great work of art such as Paris is, and such as Berlin, Vienna and Budapest are in part, seems slight enough. Washington, indeed, we have, and it is more than likely that the capital of this coun- try will, in the years to come, be developed into one of the handsomest and most charming of cities. Even London, with its long-time adherence to monotony, has felt the force of general improvement, and very costly works in that direc- tion have been under way for several years past. This means that the commercial aspect of public art has received substantial recognition. Of the attractions of Paris there is scarce a limit, but over and above its manifold pleas- ures is the fitness of the setting, the beautiful streets, the fine parks, the many statues and fountains, the splendid buildings, public and private. All these form a part of the materials of civic betterment, illustrated and exemplified in Paris m the finest modern way. ‘The French unquestionably take a keen personal delight in all this splendor. Paris is Paris to them not only because it is the capital of their country, but because it is so fine and beautiful. And they will tell you, quite calmly, that all this wealth of public art brings many tourists to their country, each laden with. a bag of treasure which it is the patriotic duty of every Frenchman to deplete. It is a superb example of the commercial value of civic betterment. The International Congress of Public Art THERE is no surer indication of popular success in Europe than the holding of a ‘‘ Congress.” Some of these gather- ings, which are exclusively concerned with a single general topic, have been holding yearly sessions for a half century or more. Just as soon as any subject develops sufficient interest, seems, in fact, to have “ arrived,” it becomes the topic of an annual gathering, sometimes of the citizens of one country, sometimes of the citizens of several, in which case it assumes the importance of an international under- taking. A local congress on public art would, therefore, be a very sure indication of local interest; an international con- gress would be eloquent testimony to broader interest; and the permanency of the movement, the reality of the effort, would be indicated very surely by the frequency with which such gatherings were held. The holding of an international exhibition at Liége dur- ing the present summer offered a fitting place for the holding of the Third International Congress of Public Art, which was held in that city between September 15 and 21, under the patronage of the Belgian government. ‘The honorary presidents were chiefly cabinet ministers, and while styled international, the officers and speakers were chiefly citizens of Belgium. The congress was divided into five sections for conve- niences of discussion, comprising schools, academies and schools of industrial arts, museums and expositions; the theater; dramatic and lyric art, and aspects and administra- tion of public property. A very long list of papers was read, and the discussions were participated in by a number of speakers. The organization of this congress was arranged in the admirable manner that long experience has given the French in such affairs. The officers of the general and local govern- ment were early interested in the aftair; large local and gen- eral committees were organized, almost every one within reach being approached and their interest secured; an attract- ive programme of topics, quite general in its plan, was drawn up and widely circulated, and general participation in the debates solicited; a set fee, moderate in amount, was fixed for participation in the congress, and a printed copy of the proceedings was offered to members at a reduced price. In addition there was the distinction that comes from associa- tion with such a gathering and the opportunity it afforded for meeting many men of eminence. All of these things appeal very strongly to the European of artistic, literary, scientific interests, and such gatherings are always well attended because the railroad and hotel charges on the continent are cheap and the distances to be traveled are comparatively small. Every country of Europe has also many citizens which are interested in just such gatherings as the recent one at Liége. Such affairs are, therefore, not only better managed abroad than in America, but the conditions necessary to success are much more abundant. The meeting at Liége was notable for the large number of public officials that took part in it. October, 1905 The The Garden Month CTOBER is at once the season for closing up and finishing the garden work in the open for the year, and the time of prepara- @%) tion for the spring. One rarely has need to Z| dismantle a garden; nature does that quickly enough, and all too soon; but there is much to do in ene up, and October is a busy month for putting things away, for cleaning up the garden—a task that needs to be performed almost daily in the quick fall of leaves— and in a general way getting matters in condition for the winter. The dahlia, the canna and the caladium will come to an end with the first frosts quite certain to arrive early in the month. ‘The roots should be preserved and kept in proper condition through the winter for planting again next spring. When their tops have died and dried off, dig up the roots, taking some earth with them, which should not be removed, and spread them on a board in the sun, covering them at night with blankets or pieces of carpet. If the weather permits the sun exposure should be repeated for several days. The tops should not be cut off until the second day, and about six inches of stalk should always be left. The cellar, if not cold or damp, is an excellent place in which to keep these roots. It is not advisable to store them in sand unless it is perfectly dry. Gladiolus roots should also be ripened in the sun and put away for the winter. The stalks should not be re- moved until they are ready for final storing. There is a lot of miscellaneous work to be done in the garden besides getting the roots put away for next spring. The Bulb THE most important part of the October garden work is the planting of bulbs. Plant bulbs and more bulbs is the motto for this month. The wise garden lover will have made his purchases in September, and as early as possible, in order to secure the pick of the new stock. But whether bought first or last there is no limit to the value of bulb planting nor of the satisfaction that will be obtained from the results next spring. Like all good garden work bulb planting must be done in an orderly way with a definite view not only to the results that will come, but—and this is the most important aspect—with due regard to the habits of the bulbs and their manner of growth. The article by Leonard Gilbert on “Tne Autumn Bulb Planting,” printed in the September amber of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, may be read and studied in this connection; meanwhile, some other general hints may be given here. A common error in bulb planting is to place the bulbs too near the surface of the ground. No bulb should be less than five or six inches deep, as many of them are forced up by the frosts and entirely lost. The deeper they are planted the later they will bloom, a useful hint for those who wish to ob- tain a succession of flowerings. Although a certain irregu- larity is sometimes affected in bulb growing the most satis- factory results will be obtained from bulbs of uniform size and weight. Bulbs whose flower stalks are known to have an average uniform height should be planted together, and any raggedness of appearance in blooming thus avoided. Hardy lilies should be planted in the open in October, most of them doing better at this season than if planted at AMERICAN HOMES i) ON — AND GARDENS Garden by Month—October A supply of pot soil should always be carried over the winter. Occasions for its use are sure to arrive, and it will certainly be wanted in early spring when there will be no opportunity of obtaining it unless provision has been made in the previous fall. All tender garden plants require some attention and provision should be made for their shelter during the winter. Some of this work can, however, be left until the next month. The flower stalks of all herbaceous plants should be cut off, and all other unsightly objects removed. Fertilizer is not now needed for plants within doors, but will be required later on. All plants should be thoroughly fumigated or sprayed for insects; this is a phase of garden activity for which there seems no end. The chief satisfaction the garden lover has in October is the blooming of the chrysanthemums, this being the flowering season for outdoor plants. Cosmos also will now be in full bloom, in the early part of the month, and may reach ma- turity in September. The early blooming cosmos, which is coming so rapidly into favor, has somewhat destroyed the novelty of the late blooming variety, which gives such ex- ceeding beauty to the fall garden, but its presence is always a delight, and this easily grown plant and the garden-grown chrysanthemum give a final brilliant glory to the outdoor garden season. October is the month for peony planting, which will give much better results if planted row than in the spring. They should not be moved after being planted. Complete results are seldom had before the third year. But whenever success- fully grown these plants are immensely ornamental. Planting other times. The Lilium candidum should have been planted in August, and is the chief exception to October lily planting. Lily culture is not developed nearly as much as it should be by most garden lovers, perhaps largely because they are not planted at the best season. Few plants are so beautiful and give such exquisite results. In choosing bulbs for the house care should be taken to select the best only, using the largest bulbs and named vari- eties. Hyacinths and narcissus are the most favored plants and give the best results; they are also the easiest to grow. The mammoth yellow crocus when grouped in pots makes a brilliant showing, and the Spanish iris is also sometimes used. Some varieties of gladiolus are also used for winter blooming and are very beautiful. Tulips are difficult to grow, and the beginner, at all events, must expect failure. Most growers will be spared disappointment by avoiding them altogether. Most of the bulb catalogues contain cultural directions for bulb growing of all sorts, and the amateur without experi- ence will find it best to follow these directions very care- fully. ‘There is no secret in obtaining success with bulbs if they are planted in the right way, in soil suited to them and under conditions adapted to their growth. They must, of course, be good stock or very unsatisfactory results will fol- low. Cheap bulbs are not at all suited to house growth, and are seldom available for the garden unless there is very ample space, and bulb planting can be proceeded with on a large and generous scale. When this is possible with good stock the results will amply justify any expenditure. 262 The Observer's The Cheap Cottages memory of lenges man extends snl perhaps further, the building of cheap cottages for problems confronting English landowners. It is a problem that has not yet presented eeclen in the same way in America. Our living problems are dificult enough, as every one is aware, but the great estate, as it is understood in England, upon which many laborers live and look to the landowner for housing if not for actual employment, has not yet reached us, and doubtless never will. But in England this condition has long been the normal one, and the difficulties of landowners to find a solution for it have puzzled architects and builders for many years. Like most architectural problems, matters not architectural were the disturbing elements. ‘1 he owner desired the modest return of 4 per cent. on his cash outlay; the tenant did not wish to pay more than $50 rent per annum; often he could not pay as much; frequently he was asked to pay more. Ona rental of $50 a total outlay for building of $1,250 has long been regarded as the average. It is easy to see what hap- pened; in most cases nothing at all was done, and the cheap English cottage became a national eyesore. Decay was in- evitable; unsanitary conditions flourished in a hideous way. Then came the natural reaction. Boards of health and sani- tary committees took a hand. District after district adopted stringent sanitary regulations. A public campaign was begun and continued, until the landlords realized its impor- tance and woke up to what it meant. Reformation and prog- ress became the watchwords, and the demand for a cheap cottage became not only insistent, but one of the architectural problems of the day. It was long felt, and perhaps rightly, that a typical de- sign could be secured for a cottage built within a certain limit of cost which might be available practically for all purposes and under all similar conditions. The demand was not un- reasonable, for modern industrial conditions are such that a building of average material can generally be duplicated any- where within reasonable limits at a figure not greatly in ex- cess of the original cost. ‘The theory was good enough; the difficulty lay in securing the desired design. A most interesting effort to accomplish this purpose has just been made at an exhibition of cheap cottages held at Letchworth in Hertfordshire, near London. More than a hundred cottages were shown in all, and the exhibition and the discussions aroused by it excited very general interest. Prizes were offered for buildings of specified types, and four general classes were arranged for. These comprised (1) cot- tages costing £150, (2) pairs of five-room cottages costing not more than £300, (3) the best group of three or four cot- tages costing not more than £35 per room, and (4) cottages or pairs of cottages costing not more than £35 per room. ‘The cost in each case was to be calculated exclusive of the architect’s fee and the builder’s profit. The chief interest centered in the £150 cottages, which were conceded to be the class of dwellings most particularly desired. It may be questioned whether, in offering prizes for a house of a specified cost, the best results were obtained. Not a few of the buildings so designated could not, ad- mittedly, have been reproduced elsewhere for the same sum; the very statements of their builders, as given in the cata- logue, were extremely cautious and many of them were built with such thin walls as to arouse doubts as to their avail- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 Note-Book Exhibition in England ability as winter residences. A different procedure would have been to have offered prizes for the most economically built cottage which would be both comfortable and weather- proof and large enough to accommodate a certain number of persons. In this case the builders would have fixed the cost, the figures might have withstood severer scrutiny, and a really economical design might have been secured. This, however, was perhaps less important than the greater fact that a large exhibition of actual cottages, built for ex- hibition and practical purposes, had at last been carried to successful completion. ‘That honest efforts had been made and could be made to build cheap laborers’ cottages was now demonstrated in the most complete manner possible. As an exhibition of practical architecture for the people it has not been surpassed, and it marks an effort that must have very great influence in developing the small house of low cost in the future. Singular as it may appear, the somewhat predominating note in the whole exhibition is one of affected picturesqueness. A true picturesqueness is the leading quality of the little old English cottage, a quality they were not intended to have, but which they have acquired because they could not help it —because of the mellowing influence of time and of the un- premeditated way in which they have been absorbed into the landscape. ‘This is a quality which could not possibly be acquired by the makeshifts of modern architectural design, by the constant use of the high-pitched roof, by lofty dor- mers and gables, by false half-timbering and other devices, all of which were freely used in the buildings at Letchworth, and all of which, it is needless to say, were entirely out of place. Two leading characteristics were immediately apparent. One was the question of design, and the other the use of materials. That a cottage should be pleasant and attractive to look upon was perhaps insisted on with needless reitera- tion. The question invariably presented itself, Can this house be built for the sum designated, or has some cost been added, that it may have a certain beauty which, after all, was more or less forced? Beauty is a very important part of any household structure, but in dwellings of low cost it must be subordinated to price, to sanitary considerations and to con- venience. If, after these matters have been duly considered and admitted in the treatment, a genuine, even if homely and unpretentious beauty can be given to the house, a very admirable degree of excellence has been secured. The Letch- worth buildings did not always meet these criticisms in as full a manner as it was hoped they would, although it should not, in any sense, be regarded as unproductive of good results. The results did not simply go as far as it was reasonable to hope they would. The use of special materials, of patented devices and of other constructive aids to buildings was another special fea- ture of the exhibition. Some of these materials were shown for the first time in practical application. Their use, in a general way, was occasioned by the double desire of reducing the cost of the structures shown and of adding to their utility by bettering their sanitary condition. ‘The really important point made in this connection was that the demand for eco- nomical building and for sanitary homes is stimulating the use of artificial or special preparations which may, if found dur- able and effective, drive out natural materials in many future building operations. It is yet too soon to see how far this will be done. October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 263 Seen ee ile ee ee —sbavioreOld Style” tin was in good com- pany and: in good repute seventy years a Ago. 81t 1s in better sere ae ee £ company and _ better ny’s riginal, in eae ha Bes prot oe sti imulati ing eee et) Fepute to-day. -It MRD S TASES eu pera tocies | eisieeea should be worth any architect’s while to be associated with a roofing tin which for so long a time has occupied so high a place. N. & G. TAYLOR COMPANY Philadelphia a brea and i n = i ie u, 2G It means that such paints are economical, and that the painter is unaware of the fact. FREE—Our Practical Pamphlets: "The Paint Question," "Paints in Architecture," "French Government Decrees," "Specifications for Architects," and "Paint: Why, How and When" THE NEW JERSEY ZINC CoO. 71 BROADWAY, NEW YORK @ We do not grind in oil. Lists of manufacturers of high-grade zinc paints sent on request THE ARCHITECT AND HIS CHARGES (Continued from the September Number) This is an impressive series of figures, of fig- ures generous in suggestion, and more favor- able, it might seem, to the architect than to the client. Yet the men who prepared this schedule have, time and again, demonstrated the value of what they have given for their money, for they have produced some of the most notable buildings in this country, both public and private. It may be there are archi- tects who will do this work for less money, but it will not be the work these men do. It may have every excellent quality, but it will not have the particular quality that makes the charm and interest of the work of the authors of this schedule. And this touches at once on the chief draw- back of the percentage charge for architects’ services. It places all architects on the same level. It is a charge based on mediocrity. It gives the poor architect more than his intel- lectual services may be worth; it deprives the great architect of due recompense for his own individual qualifications. The great physician and surgeon can charge more than the unsuc- cessful man; the great lawyer sends in alti- tudinous bills, which indicate rather his own estimate of the hole he can safely put in his client’s fortune than the real value of his serv- ices—a perfectly legitimate performance which has had the most eminent support and ex- emplification. But the great architect, the man who is truly great, great through personal qualifica- tions and not through the extent of the busi- ness brought into his ofice—this man can not, by the rules of his profession, charge more than his most indifferent brother. It is true, the official schedule calls the five per cent. a ‘““minimum ” charge, but this is an agreeable fiction, for the architect who actually gets more, in the usual run of work, is exceedingly rare, if not wholly unknown. Of all the great professions that of archi- tecture alone has been brought to the basis of a trade union by the uniformity of its charges. The lawyer and the doctor, the engineer and the teacher, the painter and the sculptor, the clergyman and the editor, even the clerk in an office, can regulate his charges by his ability. Not, of course, that the able man is always well paid; he rarely receives adequate com- pensation, and never at all, judged by his own standards; but the able man in any profession, save that of architecture, can charge what he may and what his services will command. The architect can do nothing of the sort. Certain architects have certain vogues; some are more sought after than others; the work of some architects are more often seen in work of a certain class than the work of other men—a sure indication that they have a vogue and a certain amount of appreciation—or is it be- cause they are the fashion? But the hated five per cent., which in the early days of his career appeared so generous and so ample, now in the heyday of his fame is totally inadequate. And rightly so. The practice of architec- ture is an intellectual profession which can only be successfully pursued at the expense of much valuable gray matter. The architect must not only have clients to succeed, but he must think and toil with his brain. He must know all about many different things. He must know what others have done, and when and how they did it. He must be up in science; he must be in touch with processes ; he must know how to build; and, above all, he must know how to design. ‘The latter is a purely intellectual accomplishment which is not readily valued in money. October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS But an architect can only think a certain number of hours a day, which means that the products of his imagination are limited in num- ber. His assistants will increase in number with the increase of his practice; his own indi- vidual contribution to each work will become less and less as the business grows. And it must grow if he can make it, in order that his income keep pace with his desires or in order that he may provide himself with a competency for old age. He can not do this by putting up his charges, as any other laborer would do when he found his services more and more in demand; for there is A and B & D across the street, very competent men, who will do just as good work as he will for the regular Institute fee of fiye per cent. He can not charge more with increased popularity—he can only expand, and expand, and expand, spread- ing out his own effort thinner and thinner, giv- ing less and less to each client, putting less and less of himself into each job. He can not help it ‘There is nothing else to do. And this is the real grievance of the architect in the matter of charges. This is the reason why the five per cent. seems to him so inadequate and is so inadequate. It keeps him within artificial limits. He sees other men in other professions gaining larger and larger incomes for the same effort as the value of their services becomes better known and as they are the more able to pick and choose their work. He can do none of this. His regular charge for straight work is five per cent., and that is the end of the whole matter. One significant aspect of this five per cent. business remains to be pointed out. It limits the architect in his charges, but it does not limit him in his work. The architect who has a million dollar job to do gives more for his five per cent. than he does for a building costing but $10,000. There is more to do, and it must be done, or he will be a pro- fessional failure. It is a magnificent tribute to the integrity of the profession that this should be the case. Architecture, therefore, is a profession whose financial returns are not fixed and determined by the value of the work done, by its merit, its distinction, its real worth, but by the amount. It is a profession that estimates its returns by wholesale methods. It is composed of many much underpaid men, and it con- tains some laborers whose annual incomes are scarcely short of princely. These conditions, of course, obtain in every calling. F-6521. ENAMELED IRON “CORONA” TUB, WITH L. Wolff Manufacturing BASE. Company | PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY General Office: 93 West Lake Street. at Show Rooms: 91 Dearborn Street. ‘CHICAGO. Bound Volumes of the Scientific American Building Monthly Volume IX., January to June, 1890, price $2, has twelve colored plates, fifty-six illustrations of houses with their plans, and fifteen pages of details drawn to scale. The houses vary in price from $1, 200 to $7,000. Volume X., July to December, 1890, price $2, has twelve colored plates beautifully executed, fifty half-tone engravings of houses in both city and country, and there are fourteen plates of details. Several small churches are also illustrated. The houses vary in price from $900 to $5,000 and over. Volume XI., January to June, 1891, price $2. The volume contains twelve colored plates of great merit. [here are sixty elevations of houses, churches, stables, carriage houses, accompanied by several plans. One house in this number cost only 695.00; the other houses range in price up to $10,000. Volume XIII., January to June, 1892, price $2. As in the case with the other volumes, there are twelve colored plates; sixty-two, houses varying in price from $2,800 to $25,000, and a number of chapels and churches, and also one schoolhouse. This is a particularly interesting volume, Volume XIV., July to December, 1892, price $2. The twelve colored plates of this issue are very attractive. There are fifty-seven elevations of houses, churches, and stables, each accompanied by a plan giving the sizes of therooms. Some city residences are illustrated. One of the houses illustrated cost $1,000 and one $1,650, and the other houses vary in price. Volume XV., January to June, 1393, price $2. Twelve colored plates form an interesting feature of this volume. There are fifty illustrations and plans of houses, churches, stables, etc. The houses are of all prices, ranging from those which are comparatively inexpensive to elaborate residences costing several thousand dollars. Volume XVL., July to December, 1893, price #2. There are fifty-two engravings of houses, churches, etc.. and each is accompanied by a plan. Some of the houses in this volume are as low in price as $600. The thousand do!lar workingman’s home at the World’s Fair is also included in this volume. Annual Bound Volumes, $3.50 Each, Postpaid. We can supply the following volumes : 1893 contains Volumes XV. and XVI. 1897 contains Volumes XXIII. and XXIV. MUNN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS .. XI, and XIV. Volume XVII., January to June, 1894, price $2. In addition to the twelve colored plates, there are sixty views of attractive houses from $2,000 up. Volume XIX., January to June, 1895, price $2. artistic covers bound in. There are sixty-six engravings of houses of all prices, from $2,000 up. One of the most attractive volumes in the series, Two churches are also included in the volume. Volume XX., July to December, 1895 price $2. It contains six colored covers, seventy photographic illustrations of exceedingly fine houses, a couple of churches, stable and a windmill. Volume XXI., January to June, inclusive, 1896, price $2. There are six colored covers, ninety-two engravings made from photographs of houses taken specially forthe purpose. The illustrations include churches, libraries and other buildings. Volume XXII., July to December, 1896, price #2. It includes six artistic covers showing the actual appearance of the houses as regards color. There are also one hundred and one exterior and interior views of modern houses, from $1,950 up. City houses, courches. mausoleums, etc., are also included. Volume XXIII., January to June, 1897, price $2. In addition to the six colored plates there are one hundred and seven interior and exterior views of the latest types of houses by prominent architects. The miscel- laneous matter includes a village hall, several libraries, a gate lodge, schools, hospital, etc. Volume XXIV., July to December, 1897, price $2. It includ-3 six attractive colored plates. There are one hundred and four phe weraphic illustrations of houses, including many interiors. A consideraple numer of public buildings are also illustrated. Volume XXVI., July to December, 1898, price $2. Nearly a hundred large scale illustrations of the exteriors and interiors of modern houses will be found in this volume. There are also clubhouses, gate lodges, etc. There are many examples of foreign architecture scattered through the book, and sculpture is not neglected. It has the six highly 1890 contains Volumes IX. and X. 1895 contains Volumes XIX. and XX. Volume XXX., July to December, 1900, price $2. The colored plates are particularly fine, and the half-tone illustrations of houses and interiors are very artistic. The literary contents and the drawings of details add to the value of this volume. Volume XXXII., July to December, 1901, price $2. Six covers in tint and more than two hundred illustrations of houses, interiors, details, gar- dens. etc. The editorial discussions, notes, comments, departments, and ““Talks with Architects’? cover a wide range of topics and make this volume of permanent interest and value. Volume XXXIII., January to June, 1902, price $2. Six covers in tint and more than two hundred illustrations with plans form the illustrative features of this volume. Six well-known architects contribute timely “* Talks”? on important architectural problems of the day. The edivorial and literary departments are up to the highest standard of usefulness and interest. Volume XXXVI., July to December, 1903, price $2. Six tinted covers and two hundred and seventy-two illustrations, many of unusual size. Special attention has been given in this volume to large American estates. The variety of contents continues to make the BUILDING MONTHLY the most valuable periodical of its kind. Volume XXXVIL., January to June, 1904, price $2. Six tinted covers and three hundred and eleven illustrations, the most richly illustrated volume of the series. Many notable houses are illustrated and described, | and every effort has been made to make this volume of special value to every one interested in the building of the home and its adornment. Volume XXXVIII., July to December, 1904, price $2. Six tinted covers, two hundred and seventy-two illustrations made from original photographs taken especially for the BUILDING MONTHLY. Volume XXXIX., January to June, 1905, price $*. Six covers in tint and three hundred and eigbt illustrations. A rich conspectus of interesting notable houses. Many fine estates are treated with ample fulness. The discussions of current architectural themes are of permanent value and of unusual interest. We also have architectural books for sale. we mail free to any address. Send for a catalogue, whick 1891 contains Volumes XI. and XII. 1892 contains Volumes 1896 contains Volumes XXI. and XXII. 1904 contains Volumes XXXVII. and XXXVIII . .. 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY 266 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 Chicago Embossed Moulding Co. Embossed = . ee Na TEP = ae J A FE Wae YY Pee TONG Columns and Plain 5 S-PAaa ENO HAAT PENS i , Mouldings NA eS : Interior Caps Ld) re Gy 2 a s Balustersand [Pyaeyits: and Raised Stair Work |<<} Carvings 591 & S97 AUSTIN AVE., CHICAGO, ILL. SEND FOR OUR NEW 1905 CATALOGUE Shutter Worker | NEW AND IMPROVED PATENTS AND DESIGNS Hl i | OPENS AND CLOSES THE BLINDS WITHOUT RAISING THE WINDOW i | i i) i | ‘Al NANI | AUTOMATICALLY LOCKS THE BLINDS IN ANY = POSITION DESIRED g Made of grey and malleable iron. 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No cumbrous mathematics; just plain words and clear drawings. ‘The only book that thoroughly discusses producer-gas, the coming fuel for gas-engines. Every important pressure and suction producer is described and illustrated. Practical suggestions are given to aid in the designing and stalling of producer-gas plants. Se ml : Write for Descriptive Circular and Table of Contents to MUNN & COMPANY, 361 BROADWAY, NEW YORK FIFTY SUGGESTIONS FOR THE HOUSE 12. The Principles of Furnishing In planning or furnishing a dwelling, what- ever or wherever it may be, you must be gov- erned by three considerations—what you want, what you need, what you can have.—Lillie Hamilton French. 13. Painted and Papered Walls ARTISTICALLY the choice between paper and paint depends upon several considerations. While walls simply painted unquestionably look bare in comparison with those covered with paper, this is sometimes an advantage, as in summer cottages, to which they give a feel- ing of space and air, and in rooms containing a large amount of furniture, where they im- prove the effect of the furniture by affording a plain background. Where pictures are to be hung also, either a painted wall or a plain paper is much to be preferred to a figured paper, which would produce a sense of weari- some confusion.—T. M. Clarke. 14. Camp Furnishings THE charm of the camps in the Adirondacks and Canada woods, luxurious and costly as some of them are, lies in the fact that, although every comfort is provided, nothing suggesting care is introduced; nothing that would imply interference with the free enjoyment of the woods or the untrammeled life of those who have gone there for rest and refreshment. A satin hanging in a camp would be inap- propriate; ebonies, mahoganies, costly inlaid woods as much out of key as an elaborate service of silver and glass.—Lillie Hamilton French. 15. Treatment of Pine Floors Harp pine floors should be first filled with white shellac—in proportions of two gallons of shellac diluted with one gallon of wood alcohol—and after two coats of shellac there should be one or two of fine varnish. Sweep- ing with a long-handled hair broom is light, quick work, and the floor should be wiped with a damp cloth once a week. If such a floor is rubbed twice a year with paraffine oil it will lengthen the time for redressing. Chest- nut stairs should be treated the same, but chestnut is a more porous wood, and it will require more of shellac filling. Kitchen, bath- room and laundry floors are best oiled about once a month. Boiled linseed oil and turpen- tine, mixed half and half, make an excellent oil for this purpose. Soft pine floors should be painted, but hard pine never, as the paint will peal off in spite of almost any precautions. —Delineator. 16. The Pitch of Roofs WHERE the pitch or angle with the horizon- tal of any roof covered with shingles, slates or tiles is too low, drifting snow will blow up under them, unless they are laid in cement, and melt there, often causing a small leak; and the shingles on low-pitched roofs soon rot out on account of the slowness with which rain-water drains away from them. ‘The minimum pitch for such roofs should be 26% degrees, or “ quarter-pitch,” as the carpenters call it, the rise of the roof being one-fourth of the span, and a higher pitch is much to be pre- ferred; and, unless the pitch is very steep, shingles, or slates, or tiles should be out on over two layers of waterproof felt, tacked to the roof-boarding.—T. M. Clarke. October, 1905 NEW BOOKS Picturesque English Cottages PicTURESQUE ENGLISH COTTAGES AND THEIR Doorway GarpEens. By P. H. Ditch- field, F.S.A., F.R.H.S. With a Pref- atory Note by Ralph Adams Cram. Philadelphia: The John C. Winston Company, 1905. Pp. 112. Price, $2.00 net. Postage, 20 cents. For sheer pure picturesqueness few buildings surpass the little old English cottage, the mimic building built, in most cases, without thought of effect, without regard for environment, without purpose to please, without a single underlying idea than to be a simple home in a quiet, unpretentious, simple way. As a matter of fact, this one idea is quite sufficient to serve as a basis for good home building in all times and ages and under all conditions, but the modern searcher after the utilitarian rarely reaches picturesque forms, certainly nowhere approaches the satisfying charm of these very charming old English houses. Yet it would be a mistake to assume that this charm simply came of itself and without guidance. It would be easily possible for the analyst to indicate several definite circum- stances that have produced the final result- ant. There was simplicity first and all the time, no manifest effort, no thought of form, no idea of being other than a simple little house. Being small houses there was no effort at expansion; they were built low and neat, within the compass of a narrow pocket. The native materials of the soil were used, just such materials as, in many cases, could be had for the taking. Hence cottages in different parts of England have quite different and thoroughly characteristic forms and features, for the house must be built as the materials permitted. Because native materials were used the finished dwelling set well with the sur- rounding landscape; it was but part of the landscape put into a new form. And with all this was a native natural taste; no understand- ing of great things in art, no knowledge or appreciation of art, but a quiet natural taste that simply would not go wrong, and which used such humble materials in so humble a way that it was impossible to step far aside from the simplest path. And to all this must be added the over- whelming advantage of old age. Newness is on: of the most difficult qualities to handle in an artistic way; in a certain sense it is an artis- tic impossibility. Just how we would regard the old English houses were they brand-new is impossible to determine. Fortunately this is a purely academic question, of no value at all before the great wealth of picturesque fine old houses that still remain in England: houses of every size, great and small; houses of every cost, large and little; houses built at one time and houses added onto, changed, bettered or even made worse with succeeding generations. England is a rare country for old buildings oi every sort, albeit it is active enough in modern undertakings. And then the great natural beauty of its scenery, the deep greenness of its rain-soaked fields and lawns, its rich flower- ings, its fine gardens—one need not step off English soil to view the utterraost delights in all that appertains to the house and garden, in fine and beautiful form. That England is full of beautiful old dwell- ings is doubtless known to most travelers, but the singular beauty and penetrating charm of the cottage, of the small dwelling house, is perhaps less fully appreciated, and Mr. Ditch- field’s beautiful book, dealing with a subject he has somewhat made his own, is, therefore, very welcome. Given a handsome dress by its AMERICAN HOMES A OF ACCIDENT AND GARDENS Everybody Needs an Accident Case Do you know how to treat a cut or a bruise, or how to relieve a painful scald? Have you the appliances and remedies at hand? Are they pure and antiseptic? THE U. S. EMERGENCY CASE contains 18 articles, including bandages, dressings, ointments, plasters, absorbent cotton, scissors, First Aid Handbook, etc., all in a compact metal case, and the price is ONE DOLLAR, express prepaid. If, after examination, you are not entirely satisfied, we will cheerfully refund the money. Large Size, for Workshops, Offices, Mills, etc., $3.50 U.S. EMERGENCY CASE CoO. r HATCH @ BRITTIN, Wholesale Agents Reference: Utica Trust @ 5 Weaver Building, Utica, N.Y. oS 1101 Flatiron Building, New York % Deposit Co., Utica, N. Y- E fact is, we could not have built up the largest REED AND RATTAN FURNITURE business in the world had we not started / with the idea of producing the best, and keeping everlastingly at it with that idea in mind. THE BEST in our case means carefully-selected, high-grade material, the employment in all departments of skilled and well-paid labor, a manufactur- ing and selling organization that can and does produce in the briefest possible time anything and everything in our line for which there may be a specific or general demand. OUR GOODS ARE TO-DAY THE STANDARD. they that to think of Reed and Rattan Furniture is to speak the words ‘‘ HEYWOOD-WAKEFIELD.”’ Our little tag bearing these names on our 4 furniture is an absolute guarantee of superior quality, style, finish and durability. Like all things, our furniture is imitated. A Word to the Wise: Ask Your Dealer to show you our goods bearing the little white tag as shown at top of this announcement. If he does not carry our line, do not accept a substitute for our famous Reed and Rattan Furni- ture, but write to our nearest store, mention his name, and you will be informed how to obtain our furniture. Our Beautiful Catalogs are well worth having. Free from any of our stores. Catalog H shows and describes many of our ornate and attractive designs in REED AND RATTAN FURNITURE—for every pur- pose—and prices. atalog 8 pertains to the well-known Ne lake hld lines of children’s go-carts and baby carriages, which we also make, and are without an equal. HEYWOOD BROTHERS AND WAKEFIELD COMPANY New York, Boston, Buffalo, Philadelphia. Baltimore, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland, Ore. J. C. PLIMPTON & CO., Agents, London and Liverpocl, England So weil-known are STYLE 6766U A rich, substantial, and elegant effect in Leather and dark Rattan 267 268 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 “DIRECT ono EAGT ORY" GRILLES MANTELS TILES of Every Description for Walls, Floors, Etc uys t this solid oak Mantel, 80 in. high, 54 or 60 in. wide 8x16 Mirror. Heavy columns and elaborate capitals. Tile facing and hearth. Club house grate, $10.00, No. 225—48 x 12 inches, aT 60. Retail value, $7.00 Write for catalog of Mantels, Grates, Tiles for floors No. 230—48x14 inches, with Curtain Pole, $4.50. and baths, Slate Laundry Tubs, Grilles, etc. It is free. Retail value, $9.00 Or send 10 cents to pay postage on our Art Mantel Cat- Others from $2.50 up. Largest assortment. Division alog. Mantel Outfits from $12 to oO. W. F. OSTENDORF, 2417 .N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. € Screens and special Grilles to order Uniform Temperature It makes no difference whether you have furnace, steam or hot water apparatus; or whether it is new or old. All you need is the MINNEAPOLIS HEAT REGULATOR. It automatically controls the drafts. A change of one degree at the thermostat is sufficient to operate the dampers. This device is as simple and no more expensive than a good clock. It embodies economy, comfort and health. Has provenits merit for 22 years. BERWICK, PA., Jan. 17. 1902. CEDAR FALLS, Iowa. Find enclosed check for regulator, I have givenita Enclosed find draft for the amount due for ‘regulator. thorough trial, and find it all you claim for it and a very Iam very much pleased with the regulator, and would usefuldevice. Thanking you for your courtesy for the not part with it for five times what I paid for it, ifL period of trial. FRANK FAUST. could not get it otherwise. F. E. MILLER. Ass’t Cashier, Cedar Falls National Bank, Six years ago I installed one of your regulators in my house, and [ cannot praise it sufficiently. I can safely say it has saved me two tons of coal each season, and I have always retained an even temperature throughout the house. FRANK S., SMITA, Secretary Board of Health Warwick, N. Y. SENT ON 30 DAYS ABSOLUTELY FREE TRIAL. If not satisfactory in every way, return at our W. R. SWEATT, Secretary, expense. Writetoday. Booklet free. Ist. Ave. and GSt. Minneapolis, Minn. 5 FULLOF © MECHANICAL, | HINTS publishers, illustrated in an abundant and almost lavish fashion, and dealing with as picturesque a subject as the whole field of architecture supplies, it is a book of real de- light. Mr. Ditchfield makes no attempt to cover the whole field of cottage architecture in Eng- land, or even to treat his subject historically ; his book is rather a comprehensive survey of the whole subject, and the reader, who will not willingly put it down until he has finished it, will close the volume with a fair knowledge of the full range of the subject, and a greatly enhanced notion of the picturesque qualities of these fine old buildings. Mr. Cram’s brief and historical note is followed by an introductory chapter which is succeeded by a study of methods of construc- tion. “Then come chapters on Roofs and Chimneys, The Cottage Garden, Flowers of the Gardens, The Evolution of ‘the Cottage, Strange Survivals—Geology and Variations in Style, Foreign Influence in Cottage Archi- tecture, Windows and Folklore, and Shops, Inns and Historic Cottages. In a general way, therefore, the subject is amply covered, and is presented in a highly intelligent and interest- ing way. The illustrations in this book, which are both numerous and very beautiful, immedi- ately suggest the great differences which exist between modern buildings and old,and between buildings in England and those in Amer- ica. Of the modern cottage, the modern cheap cottage, built by rule, in the simplest way and with an astonishing regard for ugli- ness, our author has nothing but a righteous contempt. “The problem of building cheap modern cottages does not yet seem to have been satisfactorily solved. But the difference be- tween houses in England and houses in Amer- ica is brought out with greater startlingness. America has some few old houses, and some of these we sometimes think have considerable individual charm. But England is filled with delightful old houses, as unpretentious as you please, but meeting the eye of the traveler at almost every turn of the road. If this be not literally true they are at least so abundant that there is always some interesting old house to see, giving charm and variety to the land- scape to which they belong and of which they are apart. We have nothing to place in com- parison with these buildings; and, while we might not care to live in them, might, indeed, find them completely unfitted for modern use, the very sight of them fills one with envy and regret that they are not at one’s own doors. Growing Roses Roses AND How To Grow THEM. A Man- ual for Growing Roses in the Garden and under Glass. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1905. Pp. 189. Price, $1.00 net. There is an abundance of useful informa- tion concerning rose culture in this little mono- graph, which is announced as Volume I. of “The Garden Library.” It is packed with practical knowledge from beginning to end, touching on every topic valuable in rose cul- ture and presenting its facts in a plain, direct way that not only appeals immediately to the amateur, but which is precisely the kind of information, put in exactly the best way, that rose growers need. No book has ever yet been produced for which some one, or some group, was respon- sible. It is the reader’s right to know who is responsible for the book he buys. More- over, no one need ever hesitate to attach his or her name—and the real name—to any good October, 1905 AMERICAN “HOMES AND GARDENS MANTELS of Quality Direct from Factory to Consumer An artistic mantel adds a tone of luxury and refinement to a room that is afforded by no other piece of furniture. When buying itis well to select from a line that is designed by the world’s most fa- mous artists and designers. We employ the most skilled talent in every department and are equip- ped to turn out strictly high- grade goods, and by making them in large quantities and sell- ing “‘direct to the consumer,’ we are able to save you from 35% to 50% on your purchase. Send 10 CENTS IN STAMPS for our large book entitled ‘ SCIENCE OF MANTEL MAKING,” which il- lustrates 100 up-to-date designs. Central Mantel Co. 1243 Olive St. St. Louis RUNNING WATER IN YOUR COUNTRY HOME [Pumps water by water-power] RIFE AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC RAM. No Attention. No Expense. Runs Continuously. Complete system extending to stable, green- house, lawn, fountains and formal gardens. Operates under 18 in.to 50 ft. fall. Elevates water 30 ft. for every foot fall used. Eighty per cent. efficiency developed. Over 4,500 plants in successful operation. Large plants for towns, institutions, railroad tanksand irrigation. Catalog & estimates free RIFE ENGINE CO., 126 Liberty St., N.Y. A. W. FABER Mitinimei-aic tory Established, 17/61 Lead Pencils, Colored Pencils, Slate Pencils, Writing Slates, Inks, Stationers’ Rubber Goods, Rulers, Artists’ Colors 78 READE STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. GRAND PRIZE, Highest Award, PARIS, 1900 Racine Brass & Iron Co. RACINE, WIS. Iron, Bronze and Aluminum Castings for Automobiles Water Jacket Cylinders a Specialty. Correspondence Solicited “YPEWRITERS Re MaAKEs $15 70$ 75 ‘GUARANTEED-CATALOGUE FREE PHILA. TYPEWRITER EXCHANGE > PHILADELPHIAS PITTSBURG. Established tccessor tea D. Dorendort Ci tiv MANUFACTURER OF Flag Poles, Copper Weather Vanes and Special Copper Cable Lightning Conductors 145 CENTRE ST-,NEW YORK SB Take off your Hat to the ( For whether you ne ind” or Power | X aa Hay foots Stor >Sfore Ladders, Gate Hangers-o' f—Pump Fixtures MYER: ERS’ are Always Best Quality and Service Is the Myers slogan— you've always got your money’s worth and @ bargain besides when you buy from MYERS, 320-Page Catalog with close prices FREE, f. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio Details of Building Construction A collection of 33 plates of scale drawings with introductory text By CLARENCE A. MARTIN Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Cornell University This book is 10 by 122 inches in size, and substantially bound in dah. PRICE, ° FOR SALE BY MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, N. Y. City Why Not Utilize the Waste Heat for the Drying of the Clothes > This Is Accomplished by the Use of the One Fire Heats Water, Heats Ilat Irons, Boils Clothes, and Dries the Clothes by what would ordinarily be waste heat. Substantially constructed of metal throughout and absolutely fire-proof, Made in all sizes. No residence or other institution is complete without this apparatus, Send for Catalogue. We also make y Dryers heated by GAS, STEATII and HOT WATER, suitable for Residences, Flat Buildings and Public Institutions. Chicago Clothes Dryer Works 2340-342 Wabash Ave., Chicago 134-136 W. 24th St., New York City DESIGNED 'O accomplish successful results in interior decoration, the style employed must find accurate representation in the furniture. We maintain at all times a large collection of specially designed furniture, and each piece is a superb example of one of the styles created by the masters who dominated the great periods. In our own wood-working shop we make furniture to order, perfectly reproducing the masterpieces of all periods of decoration. Purity of style and workmanship of the highest order are guaranteed. Sketches of these classic pieces will be prepared by our own designers to suit architects’ specifications. For any form of interior decoration we offer architects our exceptional facilities, together with our matchless stock of floor coverings, draperies and wall-hangings. Correspondence invited. W.& J.SLOANE, 886 Broadway, New York City 270 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 beok that finds its way into print. The name of no editor or author is attached to this book on roses, although the preface states its con- tents is made up from sundry periodicals is- sued by its publishers, and the names of some special contributors are there given. As this | is the first volume of a “ Library,” it is to be e ! hoped that less modest persons than those re- So m eft 1 CW sponsible for the present book will be obtained bd for later numbers. This book is not concerned with the es- thetics of rose culture, but aims to tell, in as A washable and per- Plain colors in oil admi- concise a mane as posse they may be ‘ ‘ ede grown an under what conditions success can fectly sanitary wallcover- rably adapted to ceiling be obtained with them. Tt begins) -therelam ing. Cloth foundation fin- and fresco work. Hides with a useful chapter on when, where and how ; ; to plant. These subjects are treated with ished in oil cracks and much minuteness, hints on the soil, on making beds, on handling newly arrived plants, and colors. Best Pp laster other topics being Ft! A chau on the wall cover- stains. routine of work tells what to do during the : , - various months of the season. Pruning, in- ing forkitch- A Water- sects, diseases and spraying come in for their Cit, Pan tiny, Proot, Ver share of information. A calendar of labor in , the rose garden, prepared with especial refer- ence to the latitude of New York, is a practical feature of great value. Roses for cut flowers under glass, types and races, roses for special bathroom, f } min - proof, closet, and J applied to ! other walls thew al purposes and roses of American origin com- Weillkeat cag a like paper, plete the list of special topics, though the bare mention of them hardly sets forth the wealth lwashabie and inex- of practical knowledge, the many useful hints and other items of value which the book con- tains. ‘The illustrations are intended to eluci- Sirtacie IS pensive. desired. Prints, plain col- For sale’ by the Dry date the points presented in the text, and do Es so in a thoroughly sufficient manner. An ors and tiles in dull, var- Goods ‘Trade and Oil] index adds to the usefulness qf thoninete nished and glazed effects. Cloth Dealers. PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT “= Metal Shingles Ss _ e O THOSE who do not wish “to play Standard Table (il Cloth Co T out the tragedy ” of the old roof to the ©9 end, who desire information as to the best material to cover a new home, or seek for = points on ornamentation allied to service, and 320 Broadway, New York City. who do not trust instructions they may have at hand, the possession of a good catalogue or kindred literature is often the solution of the question. The issuance of booklets in a shape that avoids the inveterate form and traditions of the usual catalogue is rapidly augmenting our practical and artistic knowledge of the various trades. Frequently they are merely accessories or pioneers to the standard cata- logue, and in a bright and familiar way make one interested in the bold and solid presenta- tions of the weightier companion. Sometimes the paper issued takes on the dignity of a monthly publication, generally illustrated and fairly bound. This phase of showing the qualities of an industry with pictorial assist- ance is conjointly given in the series of publi- = JOIST G S cations printed for the Cortright Metal anD TIMBER HAN ER Roofing Co., Philadelphia, Pa. A booklet, TWO SSS LATHS IN THE WORLD More than One Hundred Renae Any Special Size to Order “ ‘The Cortright Paint for Metal Shingles,” LANE” BRIO dar E eee (GO), deals with the subject of preservation of roofs (THE DOOR HANGER PEOPLE) in a manner of interest to every property 434-426 PROSPECT ST. POUGHKEEPSIE, N. ¥Y | owner. These paints were put on the market eighteen years ago, and have stood the hardest tests, and while prepared particularly for these metal shingles, are yet adaptable for all kinds ee of roofing. The manufacturers claim that the Se paint will neither scale nor peel, and that roofs once covered with it are good for four or five should be the first thought to pass through an architect’s mind when roof specifications come up. 4 years without further attention of this char- They last indefinitely, and always give satisfaction. acter. Every part of a Cortright metal roof CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO. 1 i" ° ‘ o = 1 ] = Philadelphia and Chicago fe | ; —metal slates or Victoria shingles, ridge coping, hip-covering and valley—is painted with this material before it leaves the factory, and it is done by dipping each piece separately in the vat full of paint. The goods are allowed October, 1905 THE I} «“CHAMPION” | LOCK JOINT Metal Shingle i] Inexpensive ! Ornamental MADE BY 7 H. ELLER @ CO. 1610 E. Fifth St. CANTON, OHIO Also Makers of Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Etc. UR remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant, smokeless gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one-fourth as much as Acetylene. Most durable and least expensive apparatus to maintain in effective perpetual operation. Gives services of lighting, cooking, and heating. Fullest satisfaction guaranteed, and easy terms The very apparatus for suburban homes, institu- tions, etc. We construct special apparatus also for fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equiv- alent to city gas at 50 cents per 1,coocubic feet. and made to respond to very large demands, also for lightirg towns, etc. C. M. KEMP MFG. CO., BALTIMORE, MD. Locations for Builders Throughout the Southwest, especially in Oklahoma and Indian Territories, Ar- j kansas and Texas, along the line of the numerous towns and small cities have sprung up along the many new lines of the System that have recently been con- structed, and openings for builders, con- tractors, architects and manufacturers in many lines ezist. Send for a copy of handbook entitled “ Opportunities.” M. Schulter, tnaustriat Commissioner Frisco Building St. Louis, Miho, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 271 MARSTON’S HAND AND FOOT POWER foe AR Seis a i al AULA Ser | ———— = a\ TT = AN\\\\ Ny anal SAN i) 2 \" \ A Ly = ih iN & Z i\ mw» ly » aim ye Iron Frame, 36 inches high. CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED, with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in, Steel shafts and best Babbitt metal boxes Boring table and side treadle. Gears are all machine-cut from solia iron. Weight, complete, 350 Ibs, Two 7-inch saws and two crank handles with each machine, Send for catalogue. J. M. Marston & Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass. Four Trains Daily between Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati and the South, via Monon Route and C. H. & D. Two Trains Daily between Chicago, Louisville and West Baden and French Lick Springs. Three Trains Chicago to LaFayette. Parlor Cars on Day Trains, Palace Sleeping and Compartment Cars on Night Trains. FRANK J. REED, CHAS. H. ROCKWELL, Gen. Pass. Agt., Trafic Manager, CHICAGO, 272 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 is often spoiled by the use of inappropriate hardware. This Label is Accept no on Genuine Substitute Pantasote Insist upon Furniture Pantasote PAC-SINILE TRADE-MARK LABEL Leather IS BEST FOR UPHOLSTERY YOU CAN’T TELL THE DIFFERENCE between Pantasote Leather and real leather. Pantasote Leather can be used for every purpose for which real leather isadapted. Pantasote is durable, bright, odorless, easily cleaned, does not crack, is fireproof, waterproof, and wears and looks like leather in every respect. PANTASOTE Costs One-Third as much as Real Leather The great demand for Pantasote has led to the substitution of many inferior imitations, To protect you against fraud accept no furniture as covered with Pantasote from your dealer or upholsterer unless it bears our trade-mark label as shown above. Do not accept his ‘* Just as good’’ theory; insist upon Pantasote. See that the word ‘“‘PANTASOTE"’ is embossed on selvage edge of all piece goods. Pantasote was awarded the Grand Prize and two Gold Medals at St. Louis. FOR TRIAL PURPOSES we have for sale four sizes of chair seats, which give you the amount of upholstery material you want, making the cost very small for new seats for chairs you may have that need reupholstering. We will send, on receipt of price and name of upholsterer, chair seat size 18 x 18 inch, 25c.; 25 x 25 inch, 50c.; 27 x 27 inch, 70¢.; 36 x 36 inch, $1.00. Upon application, will send our catalogue showing material in the different colors in which it is made. THE PANTASOTE COMPANY Dept. Six, 11 Broadway, New York oA Handsome Entrance The beauty may be enhanced by trimming the doors with a design correct in its proportions and finished to harmonize with its surroundings. Sargent’s ia Farigray Cabinet. FARIGRAY Medicine and Shaving Cabinet ‘| A chest in which every bottle is in } front, with the label in plain fF} =view—hands you the bottle you’ re look- | ing for. Shelves in door are so made that } bottles can’t fall off. Holds 50 bottles of all sizes. 17 in. wide, 23% in. bigh, 74 | in. deep. 10x14 in. beveled plate mirror— adjustable to most any angle for shaving. Beautiful piece of cabinet work, hand- somely finished in antique oak or white enamel. PRICE $7 00 SHIPPED ON i ONLY APPROVAL The only practical, y safe, convenient and H economical medicine chest Freight prepaid north # of the Ohio, west of eeeg the Alleghanies, and Safi east of Kansas on re- m™ ceipt of price — pro- fea rated to other points. 4 Wrice for our time payment proposition to you. Address #1 FARISH & GRAY Makers of Fine os the wrong medicine adminis- tered by mistake—cases like CLOSED Furniture Specialties 329 LincolnTrust Bldg. t. Louis The most modern Heater made A REPUTATION The Furnace is distinctly known as the Finest development in Heater construction. It guarantees healthfully warmed air—vwith the greatest possible economy in fuel “THATCHER” TUBULAR May we send you our illustrated booklet—‘‘Homes of Comfort ''—free? Thatcher Furnace Co. Nos. 110-112-114-116 Beekman Street NEW YORK Works: Newark, N.J. 274 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 LSSPSSEPSSSLSPSPADSSEREPSESELELE china indices, imperial waste with china index, three-eighths inch I. P. size supply pipes and vented “P”’ traps. ‘These specimens are de- signed in one piece without cracks or plaster of Paris joints, thereby insuring complete sanita- tion and entire avoidance of leakage, incon- veniences and dangers. ‘Their extreme white- ness, dainty outlines and consummate work- J wes: a P U JB see Ee ¢c American states and Gardens @ 4to. 11x13% inches. Illuminated Cover and 275 Illustrations. 306 Pages. Price, $10.00 LAVATORY WITH PEDESTAL BASE. manship make them immediately desirable. Their positive construction in one piece, by which they are never a menace to valuable surroundings, and their quality of avoiding sloppy conditions, make them a favorite for installation in bedrooms and dressing-rooms as well as in bathrooms. ‘The factories making this company’s ware are in Allegheny, New Brighton, Louisville and Detroit; the stores, branches and showrooms are in Pittsburg, New York, Cleveland, Louisville, New Orleans, Chicago, St. Louis, Boston, Phila- delphia, Montreal and London, and ware- houses in New York and Boston. We give this remarkable list, so that those interested in fine sanitary ware of the strength of iron, the purity of china and the grace of art may know where they are kept on exhibition. Look up the “‘ Neva,” one of the newest and most luxurious designs in lavatories. It is made FESTEVOR: By~ BARR FERREE Editor of ‘‘American Homes and Gardens,’’ Corresponding Member of the American Institute of Architects and of the Royal Institute of British Architects 4 SUMPTUOUS BOOK dealing with some of the most stately houses and charming gardens in America. The illustrations are in nearly all cases made from original photographs, and are beautifully printed on double coated paper. Attractively bound. The book will prove one of the most interesting books of the year, and wil fill the wants of those who desire to purchase a luxurious book on our American Homes. LAVATORY WITH LEGS. with a back 12 inches high, and attention is directed to the curved bowl, 11x19 inches. The unique shape and general ar- tistic appearance will commend its use in the most elaborate homes. Ask for the “Argus,” unquestionably a perfect corner piece; no joints, finished flush into the wall, and therefore allows no place for germs or foreign matter to accumulate. From waste plug to wall vent, the accessories of this article are recommendatory from every point of the plumber’s scientific and ornamental attain- ments. It will be gratifying to persons build- FFAS AS AB Ba aa aa a a a a aa a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a a a aa aa cMunn ¢& Company Publishers of “SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN ” FB FR A BB Pa aa aaa aaa aaa a a a a aa a a a a a a No. 361 Broadway~ :: New York Helos Lake gas SESS SPSL ELE S PR LCRPLP LS PSPSLELVS October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Heating Talks II THE IDEAL HEAT The Ideal Heat is pure fresh air, warmed to just the right temperature, in every room and in every part of each room— which means KELSEY HEAT. THE KELSEY WARM AIR GEN- ERATOR gives Ideal Heat because it does not “bake” or “scorch” the air as a furnace does, or warm the same air over and over like a Steam or Hot Water System with radiators. If you are building, or thinking of building, or if the System in the house you live in now is at all unsatisfactery — write for our Book and learn what THE KELSEY GENERATOR really is, does and costs—and what it prevents and saves. than Direct Steam and Hot Entirely different from Water Systems, 15 to 30 Furnaces, Steam and Hot Water Systems. Better because it gives healthier Heat—much more even distribution of the Heat—no unsightly radiatcrs and pipes to increase the cost and col- lect dirt—no coal dust or gas—and the minimum cost for Coal—less even per cent. less than Indirect Steam and Hot Water Sys- tems, and 20 to 40 per cent. less than Furnaces. Adapted to Homes, Schools and Churches of all sizes and styles—old or new. 27,000 actually in use. Kelsey Heating Co. Main Office 342 West Fayette St. SYRACUSE, N.Y. Branch Office 156 Fifth Avenue NEW YORK y Remington Typewriter Lasts. Lasts. Therefore Remington Supremacy BAD PLAN TS S the saving of time and dollars worth while > @ Yes. Then always buy the very highest grade obtainable of hardy trees and plants. Send to us for them, no matter how far away % you live. @ Get results—prompt, satisfactory, eco- nomical results. Our stock produces them. Why? Because it is grown with an amount of care and an attention to details that is unusual, Though our plants are low priced, they are grown in the best manner, regardless of expense. @ We make certain that our plants are strong, healthy, full of life. No cheaply WORTH HAVING grown, unsatisfactory, time-wasting weak- lings for our customers—only vigorous, sturdy stock. G Modest rates and an exceptionally large assortment make the world our market We surely can offer valuable suggestions and give practical advice to distant cus- tomers and deliver stock to them in per- fect condition. @ Our specialty is hardy ornamentals—trees, shrubs, vines, evergreens and hardy perennials —all the good old kinds and the best of the new. The beautiful literature offering this stock is interesting, helpful, full of useful suggestions and well illustrated. QIf you need hardy plants of any kind, write a letter about them, enclosing two-cent stamp, and ask for our catalogue. It may be greatly to your benefit to be on our mailing list. A new race of flowers will make a horticultural sensation when we decide to advertise them. THOMAS MEEHAN & SONS, Inc. Box P, Germantown PHILADELPHIA, PA. The most beautiful magazine in the world important Remaking a Village Stately Country Houses Enclosed find $3.00, for which send me The Country Calendar for one year and a copy of “Garden Making,”’ as per your special offer. American Homes and Gardens, October, 1905 CALENDAR FOR OCTOBER Will contain a magnificently illustrated artrcle by HENRY BEACH NEEDHAM on President Roosevelt AS A Country Gentleman Excellent new photographs, taken by special appointment with our artist, of the President, cutting down trees, haying in the fields, and enjoying himself generally at Sagamore Hill. In this number also will appear a timely article by JOHN BURROUGHS and the following HOME-MAKING FEATURES: Water Supply for Country Homes Co-operating with the Architect This beautiful special number will be sold out immediately on publication. SPECIAL OFFE All lovers of life in the country are strongly urged to sub- ; scribe to our new magazine before the October issue comes out, especially as we are now offering to new subscribers Professor L. H. Bailey’s standard work on ‘* GARDEN MAKING,”’’ edition, issued by The Macmillan Company,—at the regular subscription price of $3.00. Cut off this coupon and send at once to THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS BOOK COMPANY Twenty-five cents a copy. Three dollars a year FALL=PLANTING FEATURES: Color Schemes in the Garden How to Plant a Tree Planting for the Hardy Garden Tables for Fall Planting FREE, —400 pages, 250 illustrations, regular 13 Astor Place, New York AMERICAN HOMES The CHAMPION IRON CO. KENTON, OHIO. "9" = STRUCTURAL IRON. ORNAMENTAL CAST AND WROUGHT IRON. JAIL CELL WORK. FENCES AND RAILINGS. @® 8 @ Catalogue of above furnished, and Prices wy quoted on application. As You Ride about the country your at- tention is always attracted by the tanks and towers that supply water to country homes and rural villages. The handsome ones are made by the W.E. Caldwell Co. Louisville, Kentucky 2 i T.PA-A.N.Y 2 el PAAR , She Davis @ Roesch Water Thermostat A DRAFT CONTROLLER FOR HOT WATER HEATERS Simple, Accurate, Inexpensive. Will. save 25 per cent. of your coal bill. Will regulate the tempera- ture of your whole house. ; : Catalogue free upon request. Davis & Roesch Temperature Controlling Co. NEWARK, N. J. AND GARDENS October, 1905 ing or having bathrooms installed to be able to view the styles and sizes of these lavatories. The assortment of nickelplated brass trim- mings was never so complete as to-day. See the patterned grace of the nickelplated brass legs and frames designed for the ‘ Copley” and “ Lenox” types, also the legs for use on one piece lavatories supported on concealed wall hangers. On examination of the various exhibits it will be seen that the line is unsur- passable and of sufficient variety to meet the taste of any one. Besides lavatories for homes, the visitor will see these articles designed for use in alcoves, closets and wardrobes, in offices, hotels and public buildings. The “Recess” is an example of this class, and is made in two sizes, the larger 21 x 31 inches. For factory and institutions in general will be found a porcelain enameled lavatory for use in corners of rooms, the total length of the piece being 14 feet, 7 feet from the cor- ner to each end. For barbers, schools and public toilet-rooms, the ““ Duo” design, one of the very newest creations, with two complete fixtures in one piece; also the ‘“ Tonsorial Sectional Lavatory.” Each of its sections is a complete one-piece article in itself, and the different sections are permanently secured by nickelplated union strips. In their way, as in- teresting and important as the above are the laundry trays and kitchen sinks, porcelain enameled and fitted with the accessories re- cently developed by the designers of this branch of the great industry. “The goods mentioned and the general output may be seen to de- cided advantage also by procuring the great catalogue and the monthly parts of cata- logues. No finer work has ever been reached in this or any other line of manufacturers’ printed matter. ‘This unsurpassable catalogue and the periodicals are issued by the company’s publishing department. The numbers form a sequence of art and typography devoted to the interests of modern sanitation, that ad- mirers of good form in illustrated and descrip- tive business literature will not willingly see decline. Address the general offices, Stand- ard Sanitary Manufacturing Company, Pitts- burg, Pa. The Story of an Industry and fitting business the manufacturer must be constantly designing and building labor-saving machinery, must be always im- proving the quality and design of the goods produced, and must bring out new lines of products as rapidly as the growth of trade de- mands. With these facts ever in mind, he should devote himself assiduously to the study of the mechanical features involved in the enterprise, early recognize the importance of system, and be alert at pioneering in any direc- tion of industrial effort in his line of work. This policy has always been followed by the Crane Company, established in Chicago in 1855. Mr. C. T. Crane, its founder, opened a brass works in the corner of a lumber yard. Sand was obtained on the premises, and the first castings were couplings used in connecting lightning rods. Soon he went into the making and finishing of brass goods. A foot lathe was purchased, and the manufacture of brass engine trimmings begun. A few months later a room with power was rented and early in the next year a small three-story frame building was rented and equipped for power with a six- horse power portable engine. Another year and jobbing in wrought-iron pipe and fittings and steam warming work was taken up. Civil war demands created an enormous call from the Government for all sorts of materials. The brass plant was enlarged for the purpose le a highly specialized industry like the valve October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 277 eenstRucTIVeIR UE RLING TON ets Venetian Blinds Sliding Blinds PRICE, TEN CENTS EACH, BY MAIL Screens and Screen Doors ARTIFICIAL STONE. aps = of : ‘ ‘ g tical value to thea ea ee ns arate IC oS ©) Highest Quality Surest Sellers Z Scientific American Supplement 1500. Y THE SHRINKAGE AND WARPING OF TIMBER By Any style of wood for any style of Harold Busbridge. An excellent p:eseatation of modera views. : fully illustrated. window. Scientific American Supplement 1500. CONSTRUCTION OF AN INDICATING OR RECORD- Backed by the endorsements of ING TIN PLATE ANEROID BAROMETER. By N. lk thousands of satisfied custom- Monroe Hopkins. Fully illustrated. Scientific American Supplement 1500 DIRECT-VISION SPECTROSCOPES. By T H Blakesley, M A. An admirably written. instructive and copiously illustrated a‘ticie Scientific American Supplement 1493. HOME MADE DYNAMOS Scientific American Supplements Proved by actual use to be the 161 and 600 contain excellent articles witi full drawings. i 1 PLATING DYNAMOS Scientific American Supplements 720 Meas Caen aa ed and 793 describe their construction so clearly tbat any amatet- can make them DYNAMO AND MOTOR COMBINED. Fally desenbei and For your own best interests and illustrated in Scientific American Supplements 844 and 865. Thc a . your customers, send for Free machines c2n be run eitheras dynamos o; motors ole . RAG TRICAL MGTORS: 1 Their Construction ar Home. OT LSS AUSSI ri Booklet Catalogue, giving prices cientific American Supplements 759, 761. 767, 641. and full particulars. | ers. Made on honor. Sold on merit and guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. WA NX Order through you~ newsdealer or from Munn & Co., 361 Broadway. New York | BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 LAKE STREET, BURLINGTON, VT. Write for illustrated booklet W free. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., Jersey City, N. J. ; F exe ae x iS a it. F Weber & Co Engineers and RESIDENCE OF DR. H. B. JACOBS, NEWPORT, R. I. + + Draughtsmen’s Supplies MR. J. R. POPE, ARCHITECT. ONE OF THE THOUSANDS OF HOMES REATED BY Richardson & Boynton Co. = HEATERS == Sole Agents for RIEFLER’S INSTRUMENTS, Ott’s Pantographs, Drawing and Blue Print Papers, Drawing Boards, Tabies, Squares, Tri- angles, Etc., Engineers’ and Builders’ Transits, and Levels of Best Makes Send for Illustrated Catalogue, Vol. III 1125 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. Branch Houses: St. Louis and Baltimore Winter weather defied and homes given a summer climate with these powerful, economical Heating Apparatus. @ Correspondence respectfully solicited from parties wanting to adopt the best methods cf heating. 2 J oe oe uaxe Concrete Building eo; DIOCKS Best, Fastest, Simplest, Cheapest MACHINE No crackage or breakage No off-bearing No expensive iron pallets No cogs, gears, springs or levers Mowe the Machine, Not the Blocks fh THE PETTYJOHN CO. » 617 N. 6th Street, Terre Haute, Ind. STEAM AND WATER BOILERS WARM-AIR FURNACES COOKING RANGES, ETC. Richardson & Boynton Co. BRISTOL’S : Established 1837 RECORDING THERMOMETER. 13 aq Located within house. records on 234 WATER STREET, NEW YORK Lyi, avweekly chart outside tempera- ture. Also, Bristol's Recording 84 LAKE STREET, CHICAGO 51 PORTLAND STREET, BOSTON Pressure Gauges, Volt, Ampere and Watt Meters. Over 100 differ- ent varieties, and guaranteed. Send for catalogue. THE BRISTOL CO.,Waterbury, Conn. 278 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 THE MAN WHO LOOKS AHEAD never thinks of using any other than cys —— € MARK REN? PITTSBURGH “APOLLO BEST BLOOM” Galvanized Sheets Experience has taught him that paying a little more for the material is a sight better than paying a great deal more for repairs. Apollo Sheets give him everlasting service; they are impervious to the actions of the elements, proof against fire—and in applying are found always true to gauge, tough, pliable and easy to work. Learn all you can about Galvanized Sheets before you make a final choice. When you find how superior ‘‘Apollo Best Bloom ”’ Sheets really are, you too, will realize that they are the best adapted to your purpose. Look for the red stencil on every sheet. AMERICAN SHEET ¢&® TIN PLATE COMPANY, FRICK BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA. *““BALL-BEARINC”’ Gland Raplis ALL-STEEL UAoH PULLEYS Are sold Direct to Build= ers, Contractors and Mills at prices under the com- mon, ordinary goods. ff you make ten or ten thousand window frames, we can save you money and give you a superior sash pulley. We are the largest sash pulley makers in the world. We ship direct, or through dealers and jobbers everywhere. Write for catalogue and free samples and prices on half-gross, gross, barrel or any quantity. Direct from the makers to you. Inquiries welcome. GRAND RAPIDS HARDWARE CO. 17 PEARL STREET, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. PATENT PENDING of manufacturing brass globe valves, check valves, steam and gas cocks. An iron foundry was started, and in a small way the building of machinery and the making of a few articles belonging to the steam fitting line was under- taken. About this time a small butt-weld pipe mill, the first mill west of Pittsburg, was built on ground where the company still has a pipe mill, and where the present brass de- partment is located the first malleable iron foundry outside of the Eastern States was started. “This foundry was on the second floor, and it is claimed to be the first instance of a foundry being placed above the ground floor. ‘The fitting industry was then in its infancy in this country. Most of the fittings used were wrought iron and imported from England. About this time the three-way tap- ping machine was invented. “Iwo, with origi- nal improvements, were built by the Crane Company and installed in its shops. In con- nection with the fitting business the company early took up the manufacture of dies and die plates. In 1865 the business was incorporated. In 1870 another building was erected, and in 1881 another pipe mill, near railroad facilities. One lap-weld and two butt-weld furnaces were added. In this mill Siemen’s Gas Fur- nace was employed in the manufacture of lap- weld pipe. Some years later its machinery was transferred to Pittsburg. “The mill was then rebuilt, and the malleable iron and gray iron fitting departments were moved to it, leav- ing larger space in the old building for the brass shop. Although the company was con- centrating upon the manufacture of valves and fittings, the continued growth of the business demanded extensive additions from 1891 to 1903, and in the latter year a five-story modern office building was finished. In 1857 it en- tered the steam warming field, manufactured at different times heating coils, wrought-iron pipe radiators, cast-iron radiators and ventila- ting fans. Believing it was not fair to compete with the trade to which it was selling, it re- tired in 1874 from the steam warming contract business. Elevators were made by the firm as early as 1867, and the business grew so rapidly that it soon crowded other work out of the machine shop. In 1870 passenger elevators were commenced. In 1886 this part of the business was incorporated as the Crane Ele- vator Company, and given a complete plant by itself. Ten different types of elevators were introduced. In 1895, with a view to con- centrating on the valve and fitting business, the Crane Elevator Company was sold. The growing demand for air-brake parts led to their manufacture, and in 1891 a full line was car- ried, and the company, at the Columbian Ex- position, exhibited a complete air-brake equip- ment. General business was developing so rapidly, however, that the air-brake parts, being a distinct line in itself, was abandoned. In 1865 it manufactured pulleys, shafting, steam engines and steam pumps. A Corliss engine was built and installed in 1870, and has been in service until the present time. “The company, after the great fire, put several pumps along the river and forced water through the city mains. At present machinery is not manufactured for sale, but there are a machine designing department and a machine shop in which special machinery is built that is needed in the business. “This great company has, from its inception, constantly added to the varieties and sizes of the products made. Some of the important classes of goods put on the market in more recent years have been stationary, marine and locomotive pop safety valves, drainage fittings, Ferro steel flanged fittings and valves, ammonia fittings, steam traps, steam and oil separators, malleable and Ferro steel companion flanges, electrically and hydraulically operated, and steam actuated October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 279 peety strong Reasons Make NATURO Seats The International Studis ESSENTIAL TO THE WELL-BEING OF it a a SENSIBLE PEOPLE | Gone «=8=9THE ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE — THE FIRST IMPROVEMENT IN 1,000 YEARS DP PINE BNO Bie ANE) Ls IN THIS VITAL APPLIANCE ae The NATURO Bowl, by reason of its N Ay AM 50 Cents Per Month $5.00 Per Year height and shape (lower at rear than in OM S front, and lower at its highest point Nodal Ulan @ The International Studio, than is eS ordinary coe ee a it * aye while treating of every Art and aes eee me deme Oni ae we Wicd Craft, Architecture, Interior bility of which condition is so self-evident that argument can hardly emphasize it. : The NATUR Seat provides a seat ing, Sculpture, Painting, Ceramics, Metal, Furniture, more comfortable by far than that now |{ Glass, Design, Fabrics, Bookbinding, Lithography, commonly used, and is also hygienically Enamel, Jewelry, etc., gives especial attention to the perfect. | subjects of interest to those who live in houses or build them. @ Everything to do with the House as an artistic problem, both in exterior and interior aspects, is put before the reader in its best and latest development. Decoration, Landscape Garden- NATUR costs no more than the 1,000-year-old style. Why not have the kind nature demands? Have you given the attention to this most important question that its bear- ing upon your good health requires> Send for our booklet going fully into the reasons why NATURO should be in your home. Ask your plumber about NATURO He probably has one in his showroom. Send us his name and address if he cannot show it. THE NATURO COMPANY, nee*tiey || John Lane Company, New York Cc. H. MUCKENHIRN, Presivpentr @ Color plates suitable for framing, and upwards of 100 Black and White Illustrations in every variety of repro- ductive process in every number. SEND 25 CENTS FOR SAMPLE COPY @ Americans are now building more beautiful houses and are decorating and furnishing them with greater care and in better taste than ever before. @ The most potent single influence working for higher standards in architecture and decoration 1s The Architectural Record @ If you are interested in building a building of any sort, you will be interested in The Architectural Record. Send for a sample copy—free THE ARCHITECTURAL RECORD COMPANY 14-16 Vesey Street, New York 280 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS: October, 1905 A SECTION AT A TIME JUST AS YOU NEED THEM A SECTION BOUGHT TO-DAY FITS A SECTION BOUGHT FIVE YEARS HENCE Our Steelsects, or sectional cases, are interchangeable. You can have them every section complete or in combination. Check files, letter files, document files, safety deposit boxes, roller shelving, blank files, etc. Write for our Catalogue 30 S BERGER’S Steel Sectional Cabinets are adapted to every kind of office, the lawyer, the doctor, the manufacturer, the business man, and all professional use. We also make special equipment to order. Ask for our steel equip- ment catalogue. We also make steel ceilings and other sheet metal architectural work. THE BERGER MANUFACTURING COMPANY CANTON, O. BOSTON PHILADELPHIA LOUIS J Ug “Ant-Plubius” or S ky lig ht Absolutely and permanently impervious against rain, snow, sleet or dust, without putty or cement. Bridge arrangement for walking on the sky- light without coming in contact with or danger of breaking glass. ml i(t Ht i if A—Steel Supporting Bar F—Copper Sheet Cap B—Malleable Iron Bridge G—Coil Galv. Brass Spring M h (CG D ud anufactured | C C—Filat Iron H—Galvanized Brass Stud and e€ e rouve O. Bridgeport, Connecticut D—Felt J—Bridge (for walking on Erected b E—Glass skylight) y oat Also Manufacturers and Erectors of The Lovell Window Operating Device The only device on the market that will, if desired, operate a line of sash 500 ft. long MANTELS @ Our line embraces everything needed for the fireplace, and our Mantels range in price from $2.65 up. Catalogue free. RR THE GEO. W. CLARK CO. 91 Dearborn St., Cnicago, II. 306 Main St., Jacksonville, Fla. (Factory: Knoxville, Tenn.) valves, and a complete line of flat band fittings. In addition, the company is prepared to turn out complete piping equipments for power plants, and has facilities for bending and threading all sizes of pipe, and screwing, weld- ing or rolling flanges on these sizes. In out- put entirety the company manufactures in excess of ten thousand articles for use in con- nection with steam, water, gas or air. About twenty-six branches have been established, all except New York carrying complete stocks of plumbing supplies. The Chicago sales de- partment, conducted in connection with the general offices in that city, does not handle plumbing material. “The great and practical genius at the head of this company lays great stress on the value of manual training in the grade schools. In September, 1892, Mr. Crane equipped a manual training room in 4 Chicago school, and has furnished means for making possible manual training in the lower grades. “This year he has provided twenty- four scholarships, of three hundred dollars each per year, and funds for five more grade schools. It is no extravagant arithmetic to claim that the industrial figures shown in this notice are unsurpassed in their line in the world. ‘The commanding position of the industry encour- ages it to take no neutral ground. ‘The per- sistence in such legends as, ‘“‘ The time is not ripe,’ or, ‘‘ That trade conditions are un- openable,” was never a weakness with this firm in its splendid run of fifty years of enter- prise and thrift. Sheet Metal Tile STUDY of the current research in the A field of architecture shows that there is warrant and justification for the stricter attention now given to roofs. ‘That it is possible in many cases to make this area the shining mark of a building should not be, un- less durability is made an indispensable con- dition of its success. But signs are not want- ing to show that fashion does not always favor fine looking material at the expense of wear and tear, nor is it to be lost sight of that the maximum of production of poor stuff has passed with the advent of recent improvements. Let us take, for instance, the art and quality of metal tile roofing, as demonstrated in Spanish and Mission designs now adopted on a wide range of structures, counting from the almost unpretentious to the most important. A step farther leads us to notice that an enviable share of this advance is due to the artistic, ornamental and stanch products of a Western firm, the W. H. Mullins Company, of Salem, Ohio. The designers at this extensive plant, realizing that the exquisite curves and lines, heights and valleys, and resultant lights and shades of the ancient roofing tile give the effects desired for a perfect roof through sheet metal tire, have worked for the retention of all the old points of beauty and made the im- provements needed by overcoming its numer- ous mechanical defects. Almost from the in- troduction of the sloping roof in architecture terra cotta roofing tile has been used, and as an artistic and effective material has never been surpassed, and where climatic changes are not as serious as in the United States will likely never be equaled. But here, where the dif- ferences of temperature and moisture are so extreme and sudden, and the expansion and contraction of all building materials are so difficult to counteract, its all-round success is, and will be limited. The introduction of metal into means for preserving the attractive- ness of a material not quite agreeable to the exposures of our weather influences is valuable from the point of view that the beauty of an October, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 281 Ceilings fall because the clinches of the heavy coat of plaster break and there is no adhesion with the lath. Sackett Plaster Board construction can’t fall because the weight is far less, and the plaster unites with the boards, which in turn are nailed to the studding. Sackett Plaster Boards have been used through- out million dollar buildings and thousand dollar cottages. Their quick-drying, fire-resistant, sound- proof qualities are desirable anywhere. SEND FOR FREE SAMPLE AND BOOKLET. SACKETT WALL BOARD CO., 17 Battery PI., N.Y. GRAND RAPIDS PLASTER CO., Grand Rapids, Mich. BRANCHES: New York, Stationaries, Portables, Hoisters, Pumpers, Sawing and Boat Outfits, Combined with Dynamos. Gasoline, Gas, Kerosene. Send for Catalogue. State Power Needs. CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO, BOX 69. STERLING. ILL. read ‘‘House Hints,” Before you buy, telling how to distin- guish advantages and : Our catalog will show you exactly how to plana library, so that from its foundation until its completion, it will possess the beauty of symmetrical proportions and always reflect good taste and refinement. It also explains certain technical points of construction, the different styles of finish, and other exclusive features that materially influence careful buyers to select the Globe-Wernicke “Elastic” Bookcase — the only one equipped with a non-binding door equalizer. Name of authorized agent in your city mailed on request for catalog. Where not represented we ship on approval, freight paid. Uniform prices everywhere. Chicago, Boston = Write for catalog N 104. She Globe“Wernicke Co...Cincinnati AGENCIES In about one thousand cities T.A.BRooKseCo.cicvetAX20- a detect shortcomings in loca- build, or rent tion, construction, appoint- ments, etc. A hundred dol- lars’ worth of information, sent postpaid, for 25c. See FLOORSSIDEWALK LIGHTS. SOF EVERY \DESCRIPTION. HOUSE HINTS PUBLISHING CO., Dept. ‘*C,”’ Philadelphia SEND fORCATALOGUE. **What I Have Done in Ten Years The Story of My Wonderful Success.”’ I hope every reader of American Homes and Gardens will write me. book, entitled “* Ten Years ’’—** The Story of My Wonderful Success.’’ of the greatest and most promising investment opportunities ever offered. I believe I have the best proposition from an investor’s standpoint that could be placed before you. My book tells all about the success I have met with during my ten years of business life, and about its exceptional future possibilities. My success has been unprecedented. I started business in the city of Brooklyn in 1896. My capital amounted to less than $25.00. My first year’s business netted me over $1,000. Last year I paid dividends to my partners of 15%. Five years ago my business had grown so large that 1 was compelled to remove to larger quarters. I am now at 63 and 65 Clark Street, Brooklyn, in connection with the Hotel St. George. I have to-day what experts have pronounced the best-appointed institution of its kind in the country. I estimate the equipment of the Mac Levy Institute of Physical Culture to be worth at least $40,000. The Mac Levy Co. own free and clear its equipment. It also controls valuable patents—such as the Mac Levy Steel Bar System, famous all over the country, and the Mac Levy Trolley System, for quick and safe instruction in swimming. The local bus ness done by the Mac Levy Institute of Physical Culture is very large. Especially at this time of the year when the swimming season is just opening. Last year I operated three different places teaching swimming. One at Arverne-by-the-Sea, L. I., another at Steeplechase Park, Coney Island. and at our Brooklyn Institute. This, you understand, was in addition to my Mail Order Department and regular Physical Culture business. I have long thought that there are thousands of people in moderate circumstances who would like to invest a few dollars in an institution of this kind. At last I decided to offer a block of the treasury stock of this company to the public at its par value. I have good reasons for coming to this decision. I wish to put into operation extensive plans for extending the business of the Mac Levy Institute of Physical Culture and the Mac Levy Gymnasium Equipment Co. I also wish to erect a building that will enable me to meet adequately the grow- ing demands of my business. If you are of a speculative mind, I do not want you as a partner. Wall Street is the place for you—where thousands of dollars are lost in mining and oil stocks. If you have a few dolla.s that you want to invest where it will earn more for you than the 3 or 4% which savings banks pay their I would like to send you my free It has something to say about one depositors, I want you to read my book. I want you as a partner in this great institution. Do not let your money stand idle earning only 3 or 4% which the savings banks pay their depositors. Put it to work. Join it with mine. I believe that within a year this company will pay dividends of at least 20%. Let me send you this book. Itis absolutely free. Write for it to-day. Now. MAS | E V y PRESIDENT MAC LEVY CO., Ince, Dept. 2. 63-65 Clark Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Elastic Heating MERICAN x [DEAL may at any time be easily and quickly changed in size should room or building be altered in size (65% of «ll buildings are re- modeled). Unlike stoves and hot air furnaces, they make a building investment which never plays out—can always be adapted to meet any change in heating requirements. As IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators do not rust or corrode, they will outlast the building. Outfit soon pays for itself in keeping down coal bill. Fix your fire not oftener than once each night and morning. Now simply put in OLD or new buildings —/arm or city — piping is concealed and radiation placed in out of the way positions. IDEAL Boilers are made in all sizes, for any building. AMERICAN Radiators are made in all sizes, shapes and 36 patterns—no place for dust to lodge — invisible legs for car- peted floors—plate warmers for dining rooms—narrow shapes for halls and bathrooms —smooth, washable radiators for kitchens, nursery, etc.— big radiators for storm vestibules, outer hallways, and along exposed walls. You will need our catalogue to choose from. Mailed free. Those who remem- ber last Winter’s cold, write us today—vzow, before winter, not then, when it’s here. Our goods are warehoused in all parts of the United States. AMERICAN RADIATOR (OMPANY IDEAL Boilers are made in 126 sizes, for all kinds of fuel. Dept. 6 CHICAGO 282 AMERICAN’ HOMES AND GARDENS October, 1905 ARTISTIC HOMES ARTISTIC HOMES A DOLLAR BOOK OF MODERATE COST HOUSE DESIGNS. Printed on the best of paper in Edition de Luxe. Any one intending to build shou!d purchase this new cdition of If you ever intend to build, send for the AR TISTIC above $1.00 book to-day. HOMES HIGH-CLASS ARCHITECTURAL WORK. HERBERT ©. CHIVERS 127-7th STREET CONSULTING ST. LOUIS ARCHITECT DOOOOOOODOOOOOOOOOOOD What a good Mantel for DEN, Library, or where old Mission style 18 wanted. q Simple but effective. Rough surface tile, 6x12 inches. Best in dull finish green. If you don't like this, we have others. The Halen [} OSS 55 No. 21. 5 it. high; 5 ft. 6 in. wide Faience Co: ARCHITECTURAL - FAIENCE TILE FAIENCE & MANTELS HARTFORD, CONN. art so undeniably cast in the mold of grace is not to become lost. Mechanical genius gives the practical substitute. The faultless rhythm and unity of plan standing out in varied and appropriate tints of Spanish tile, to be dupli- cated in appearance and improved by material, is an achievement that earns the praise of any one at sight, Numerous examples of the work may be seen in the fine catalogue easily pro- curable from the Salem office. Among these we mention the splendid results on the Rip Van Winkle, at Buzzard’s Bay, Mass.; the Public Library, South Bend, Ind.; the Smed- ley Library, Redlands, Cal.; the Corcoran Art Gallery, Washington, D. C.; the Public Library, Boston, Mass., and the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. Many other structures, including fine residences, large commercial buildings, court houses, stations, hotels, schools and office edifices, illustrate the scope of the roof work reached in the employment of sheet metal tile and its acces- sories. The display of designs by the art of the half-tone is calculated in this large scaled book to give a perfect duplicate of each. De- tails like tile starting plate, valley pieces under eaves, ridge cresting, eave courses, hip mold- ings, finials, terminals, gable rolls, enriched ribs, etc., are displayed so clearly that a perfect conception of the patterns, whether marked by relative plainness or extreme depth and bold- ness, is realized. Many technical points are given in construction and fastening, exposure sizes, adjustment of hips, terminals, rolls, ribs, on expansion, contraction, etc. “The Mullins Patent Metallic Roofing Tile is stamped in large sheets, containing from ten to twenty em- bossed tile in each sheet, thereby reducing the number of joints around the tile and the conse- quent liability of leakage. This enables a roofer to apply it very rapidly and cheaply, as, instead of handling about two hundred pieces to a square roofing, as in the case of some other metal and all terra cotta tile, it is only nec- essary to deal with from eight to sixteen pieces in laying a square of the Salem tile. This alone recommends it to the practical roofer. In using the tile roofing an advantage to the architect is the fact that no special roof fram- ing is necessary, as is the case with roofings of heavy materials. The weight of the roofing under notice is about one-sixth of that of terra cotta, thereby admitting of the lightest possible roof framing, and permitting its use on almost any roof where shingles, iron or tin could be employed. The beautiful dark bronze color assumed by copper on exposure to the weather, its remarkable durability, and the fact that it can now be furnished at a very reasonable cost, make it a most desirable material for use in the many different styles of patent tile roof- ing. ‘To meet various contingencies of trade, etc., however, the company will make Alcazar and Spanish Tile Roofing in zinc and galvan- ized steel, but none of its other designs in any- thing but copper and zinc. All the different styles of roofing can be furnished, made to fit any particular tower, cone or bell-shaped roof, and for such roofs, other than square or octagon towers, all tiles are graduated. A little acquaintance with the method of con- struction and application of the patent Spanish tile roof proves it to be exceedingly simple and secure. It is absolutely storm and water tight, and as expansion and contraction are provided for, is guaranteed, when applied ac- cording to directions, to remain perfect and secure for years. The same construction is used in fastening ‘‘ American,” “ Columbian,” “ Newport,” “Saratoga,” “Atlantic” and “ Buzzard’s Bay” designs of Mullin’s tile. The firm also manufactures other architectural sheet metal work, statuary, stamped steel row- boats and launches. = o Ea! LY Wy | Ei, a Tc 7 a xt SEES INE RUS SRS See ee = 1G we ~ é CO MERICAN OFFICE ~ i SCIENTIFIC A -NewYork + B - 361 mn i oA dway row a = —= <>, aoa g > =o = aaa ay ae Os ar ag i 2g - | Sere Fecal oo Convert aS ove home by incst ling ‘Standard’ J PORCELAIN ENAMELED ( > Baths & One-Piece Lavatories Is Your Bathtub Haven’t you some one in your family who cannot afford to fall? Old people, rheu- = matic people, weak people, heavy people, acs s and most married women would be thank- ; "Stan dard’ ; fy ful for a first-class bath mat —a mat which does not slip, and yet is comfortable. ixtures are necessary to the modern home because the rapid develop- |)\ The Cantslip Bath Mat m ment of ideal home-making is f\’} ; A founded on health: and “stcetscd makes any tub — no matter how slippery— Baths and One-Piece Lavatories Py ee ane . so coms that we tee ‘are conducive of good health, |\ Tote cah ded erate Ye OF. BO , tub. It is soft and grateful to the tenderest fas they are sanitarily perfect. }Y skin — like cloth, but with the germ-proof They have the smoothness quality of pure white rubber. and snowy purity of china [\; ee 3 and the strength of iron. be Made in six lengths and two widths. | Their surface is non-porous |) The average tub takes a 36x15 inch mat; and there are no cracks and fw ba at yout eas Ss - 00. For some crevices in which dirt or |! aE ere, Se eae lower "co RENO aa Gis sirable; price, $2.00. germs may lodge. < fo tg aoe eae eee If you find any difficulty in getting mat or grip, write us direct, and goods will be forwarded anywhere east of Omaha at prices named. “@tandatd” cast on the are on the fixture it is not ptandard: v ' ferior and will cost you more in the end. ~ Standard Sanitary Wig. Co. Dept. 23 PITTSBURGH, U. “VW || TheCantslip Bathtub Appliance Co. ices and Showrooms in New York: “Steward” Building, 35- ‘est 3 ay ea ik London, England, 22 Holborn Viaduct, E.C, Boe eT 56-58 Pine Street, New York OW is the time to fix these facts on your mind: The Peck - Williamson Under feed Furnace will -per- fectly heat your honie at 4 to % y of your present cost for fuel —it will save half the labor —it will UN. do away with a// furnace troubles. FURNACE Stone High- But what actual users say counts more than any ~ Blind Gade printed promises of ours. Read, then, this letter dated July 1, 1905, from Co. Vionoesed Mr. E. H. Hooper, Cumberland Mills, Maine. There’s the force of fact in it. Door “You installed a Peck-Williamson Underfeed Furnace in my home Phoenix’ during the severest cold weather last winter. You have more than N. Y. made good every claim. For convenience, economy, cleanliness, pure, healthful, clean heat, you make no boast when you call it the Jamous Underfeed furnace. Iam so well satisfied it would give me pleasure to show any one my furnace and you can at all times refer any one to me.” The Underfeed burns “‘ right side up ’»—good results from cheapest coal. No bother, smoke or smell. Heating plans and service of our engineering department, abso- lutely free. Let us send you FREE our Uzxderfeed Book and face simile voluntary letters proving every claim we make. THE PECH-WILLIAMSON CO. 376 West Fifth St., Cincinnati, Ohio. Dealers are invited to write for our very attractive proposition, —S———_ —F SS AMERICAN CONTENTS FOR NOVEMBER# 1905 PAGE A SCENE IN THE ROCK GARDEN OF MR. SPENCER TRASK’S COUNTRY SEAT AT SARATOGA, New YoRK THE GARDEN FRONT AND TERRACE—Home of Murry Guggenheim, Esq. .............. 292 MONTHLY COMMENT NoTABLE AMERICAN Homes—The Summer Home of Murry Guggenheim, Esq., Holly- wood, New Jersey By Barr Ferree 295 Tue END oF THE HOME 303 [REgEsS HUDIOLOK 4 OLUNM@E a. CUNIEDRE MES Orie yan: iy snes oN ech oe acca wine eat) ales a,6d Hate ne eeae a 304 “THe NEEDLES,” the Country House of Mrs. B. P. Cheney 306 GLASS FOR BUILDING AND PAVING 309 ‘““CRAIGSTON,” the House of T. C. Hollander, Esq. 310 SRrEEeLLOUSE Obs DAINMET arin GUNINAN I SOn os Sai. es codes wintend when Bea abe Sn ow er enye, oe eo 315 Hextps To HoME BUILDING: Color 318 THE TRANSPLANTING OF GROWING TREES 319 SCIENCE FOR THE HoME: The Dangers of Illuminating Gas 322 THE FATTENING OF FOWLS IN FRANCE By Jacques Boyer 323 A GrouP oF FiRE [Rons IN DREAMWOLD By Durand Nichols 327 UTILIZING THE CELLAR IN WINTER By George Ethelbert Walsh 328 THE CULTIVATION OF THE MOREL By Jacques Boyer 330 Tue HovusEenHo tp: The Man as Housekeeper Civic BETTERMENT: The Meaning of Civic Betterment—Road Improvement THe GARDEN: The Garden Month by Month ( November)—The Window Garden THE OBSERVER’S NoTeE-Book: Litter in the Parks and Streets The City and the Country. Publishers’ Department. Fifty Suggestions for the House. New Building Patents. New Books. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, 1905. Price, 25 cents. $3.00 a year. Combined Rate for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, $5.00 per year. Rate of Subscription et AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS to foreign countries, $4.00 a year. :: :: :: oo: Published Monthly by MUNN & COMPANY, Office of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, 361 Broadway, New York. [Copyright, 1905, by Munn & Company. Entered us second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be enclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. N= Series of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BUILDING MONTHLY. Established in 1885. Aasiof MeN ‘poomATopy “bs ‘wrayuessnry ALIN] jO awWoTy JowwNg 9y 7], 99RII9T pue quod J uopler) eu L uewy Aq qdeizojoyg el Sstiscsotaiaaee games = AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Ww © -O =| 3 Za 1905 b) November © = = 3 > The Lake from the Terrace The Summer Home of Murry Guggenheim, Esq., Hollywood, New Jersey 294 Monthly NE of the popular magazines recently printed a story concerned with the marital relations of a certain couple who had a town house for the winter and a country house for the summer. The tale opens on a very hot day, and the man realizes it was going to Re eroCranly hot riding the rail for a whole hour to his suburban home; he detested the place anyway, we are told, and so on, with many ungrateful thoughts of his fine country house. The writer of the story is a woman, and no doubt she thought she had touched a particularly masculine note when she got in her fine work anent the man’s dislike of com- muting. It is possible that commuting has its drawbacks, it is possible that many men dislike it, it is possible that many men fail to see the charm that is inherent in a well-kept-up handsome country estate; but all such notions show a total lack of appreciation of some of the most agreeable things in life. They indicate a total lack of real interest in one’s place of abode, without which the most splendid home must pall on one; and they show, further, a singular sense of dis- proportion. A rightly maintained summer place is a true joy and delight; it can not possibly be had within near-by city limits, and an hour’s trip in the train daily is none too far to travel in order to reach it. The gentleman around whom this tale centers may represent a considerable class of the well-to-do community, and if so there are certainly many per- sons who need to learn what a home is and how to enjoy it. PHILADELPHIA has interrupted its efforts to purify its politics for a public rejoicement over its proud supremacy as the great “city of homes” of the United States. The distinction is, indeed, a notable one. A local census has dis- closed the fact that Philadelphia now has 282,117 dwellings. Before this stupendous figure the further fact that the city has also 6,703 store properties, 805 churches, 297 public school properties, 5,433 manufacturing plants and 135 buildings for the manufacture of malt and spirituous liquors, is of comparatively slight importance. The real significance of this great total is, however, chiefly apparent from a com- parison with other communities. On a basis of a population of 1,400,000, Philadelphia has an average of five persons to a dwelling. In New York the proportion is estimated as 20 to a dwelling, in Chicago as 9, in Boston as 8.4, in Fall River as 11. It is a unique distinction and a remarkable result. It brings out afresh the inherent home-loving quality of the Philadelphia citizen. Within the last year 6,848 new homes have been built in Philadelphia, at a total cost of $16,000,000. All these figures are stupendous, and it is not strange that Philadelphia is delighted with its home achievements. Tuart the last few years have seen an increase, and a decided increase, in the cost of building materials, is a matter of common knowledge. It is a movement that has occa- sioned much alarm, for the upward tendency has been so marked as to seem general; and while this is not literally so, it has extended to so many materials that the contention need not be questioned in a practical discussion. The build- ing and loan associations, in convention assembled, solemnly agreed to petition the Congress of the United States for a reduction or repeal of the tariff on building materials. The New York Sun very quickly rose to point out that the in- crease to which this convention objected was not caused by. any relation of the tariff to the matter or by anything else than the increased wages which are now paid to workers in AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1905 Comment building materials the country over. The argument is beautiful in its simplicity. The most frequently used ma- terials in house construction are wood, iron (or steel), brick or stone. Not one of these, remarks the Sun, has value in its original state; but they do have value when subjected to treatment by human labor. If, therefore, these articles have increased in price, the reason lies, not in the operation of the tariff, but in the increased cost of the labor put upon them. It was quite to be expected, after this brilliant analysis, that the Sun should calmly request those agitating for lower prices for building materials to begin by reducing their own wages as the only remedy. THE agitation for childless flats continues to be one of the popular topics of the day as well as one of the most volumi- nous, although out of the great mass of words that it has produced there has been little developed of real value, and certainly very little which helps toward improving the situa- tion in any respect. Landlords continue to not want children; families with children continue to find it difficult to obtain flats. Both parties are at a standstill and a deadlock, and neither moves an inch. It may, however, be pertinent to in- quire if the objection to children has not some real foundation to its intensity. The prevalence of any tradition is regarded, by most historical writers, as affording some grounds for its actuality. ‘The prejudice against children in flats is as wide- spread as the building of tenements and apartment houses. It is neither charitable nor reasonable to assume that every landlord and every agent is a human monster, intent upon depriving little children of homes simply because they are children. Suppose the children themselves are considered, and some explanation sought in them. One need not be a sociological expert to be aware that many children are utterly untrained, that they generate an amount of noise in direct disproportion to their size, that they seldom know how to behave, that they are rarely watched, corrected and guarded by their parents, that they sum up, embody and personify many acute discomforts. It is true that most of these matters only become urgent after the child is able to go around by itself, and the objection to children by the landlords is quite as marked against very young ones which can not be disciplined as toward those of older growth who might be subjected to training. The explanation may not be a complete one, but it at least raises the hope that with better training of children there may come a more tolerant regard for them. Even good behaved children are not as interes- ting to other parents as to their own. It seems singular that so patent a fact should not be more widely recognized. Or the ways of wasting time there is hardly a limit. Many consider it a noble thing to do, and as they might be engaged in mischief instead of simply doing nothing there may be some value to the contention. No organization for the promotion of time-wasting has yet been started, but it will not lack for membership should it once be seriously proposed. All time spent in doing nothing is not wasted, but any time spent in a foolish, unnecessary waste is time lost forever and completely to the individual and to the community. A case in point is the time spent in watching building operations, the removal of a safe, or other work of like nature. One may learn a good deal from watching the construction of a building, but the idle men and boys who surround such work, head turned up, mouth agape, hand in pocket, vacancy in brain—these people gain nothing. They have simply time on their hands, and they use it up in any way. November, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Notable American Homes By Barr Ferree The Summer Home of Murry Guggenheim, Esq., Hollywood, New Jersey HE charming country which surrounds the neighborhood of Long Branch has long been a favorite site for the building of sum- mer cottages. The older type is a familiar one, and may briefly be described as a wooden structure having infinite variety in shape and in direction. In other words, a building that sprawled on land and attitudinized toward the sky. Very wonderful and strange many of these older cottages are, quite unlike buildings of any other sort, and exhibiting some of the strangest vagaries to which the art of building in America has given manifestation. But a change is passing over this summer architecture by the sea; perhaps it already has passed and the change be permanent. The stupendous pace set by Newport in this matter could not be without effect, and the time must soon be close at hand when other famous watering places will boast their great palaces, and the sumptuous mansion, which is perhaps regarded as typical of the country, become the typical home of the seashore. Moreover, the older houses, with their strange grotesqueness of inherent oddity, were too absurd to find favor in a period more appreciative of archi- tecture, such as we may hope our own to be, and thus the reaction was bound to come, and buildings of a wholly new class come to be typical of the great house of our seashore resorts. How far Mr. Murry Gugger.heim’s beautiful home at Hollywood, N. J., may serve as an example in this respect it is too soon to say, since it was only finished in the spring of the present year. It does not lack neighbors that might have patterned after it, to their own great advantage and that of the entire vicinity. But it would be unfair to extend the comparison further, for no house within sight of it can be compared with it for beauty or for splendor. It is a house that in every way is justly entitled to be called “ notable.” The Terrace Porch pnt inca ii i i aha aia Hienidinpbiactrnca es AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS November, 1905 a5, ) SSS555 set firm enough to be removed and stacked in the yard, for the machine is always moved— not the blocks. The mechanism of the ma- chine used in this process is very similar to that of the Pettyjohn upright model, which is now so favorably known throughout the country, and has the collapsible sides and other patented features of this machine. The apparatus are so arranged that fractional blocks in a great variety of shapes, such as halves, quarters, three-quarters, splits, etc., may be easily made by inserting dividing plates into slides made for that purpose. ‘These plates are made the thickness of a mortar joint, so that two halves and a mortar joint, or four quarters and three mortar joints, would equal the exact length of a stretcher. The sizes could thus be made in multiples or fractions of a given dimension, and in laying up the stones in the wall there never would be a space left but that one of the fractional shapes would fit into it. The liberal use of these shapes intermingled will produce the greatly admired and artistic effect known as random ashlar. ‘This brings us to the next point in producing effective concrete work. Avoid the checker-board repetition in size. Produce a diversity—some long, some short, some square and some rectangular, big and little, horizontal and perpendicular, and some with heavy rock face and some shallow. When this is done, and the stones have a face with a gran- ular texture, the result is superb. When de- sired the random effect may be still further increased by the use of multiples as well as fractional sizes, as the machines are made in all sizes, yet maintain a constant multiple. It is desirable, though not absolutely necessary, that there be three machines in using this pro- cess. Information about this set, designs, pat- terns, plates, tamping rods, pallet reinforce- ment, blockings, chemicals, formulas, etc., may be had by sending for the company’s literature. The engraving illustrating this article pictures the moving of the machine from a stretcher block. The material is in every way adapted for service in homes and gardens. It requires neither painting nor repairing; its blocks can be laid in walls of cottages, outhouses, gardens, entrances, lodges, etc., rapidly and with little mortar; plastering can be done on the back of the stone, saving lathing; the stone is thor- oughly durable and becomes harder with age; the hollow spaces are useful for inserting gas and water pipes, electric wires, speaking tubes and ventilators; and time is neither a destroyer of its texture nor superficial appearance, it continuing to look like the natural product it imitates so well under all exposures. Address Pettyjohn Brothers, Nos. 510-516 North Ninth Street, Terre Haute, Ind., for circulars, and other company literature. Cottage Designs @ WITH CONSTRUCTIVE DETAILS No. I. Cottage Designs Twenty-five designs, zanging in cost from $600 to $1,500 No. 2. Low Cost Houses ‘ Upward of twenty-five selected designs, originally costing from $750 to $2,500 No. 3. Modern Dwellings Twenty designs, at costs ranging from $2,000 to $5,000 No. 4. Suburban Homes vey Twenty selected designs, ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward One Dollar Gach, Postpaid. Sold Separately Munn & Co.,361 Broadway, New York ic DE ER - SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN OFFICE sz “£3 Ow A Broadway © NewYork “ To woman particularly—the maker of the “home ideal’’—the perfec- tion, beauty and comfort of “Stavdard” Enameled Baths and One-Piece Lavatories appeal with intense interest. The installation of “Stardard” ware is the most. economical aid to your own comfort, the safest guarantee of health to your family, and the cause of greatest pride in possession. Its white, smooth, one-piece surface makes it alone sanitarily perfect, and aconstant pleasure to the sight and touch of the owner. No home can be modern, healthful or comfortable without it. The cost of installing “Standard” fixtures is low enough to satisfy the most economical. Our Book ‘‘ MODERN BATHROOMS’”’ tells you how to plan, buy and ar- range your bathroom, and illustrates many beautiful and inexpensive as well as luxurious rooms, showing the cost of each fixture in detail, together with many hints on decoration, tiling, etc. ; It is the most complete and beautiful booklet | ever issued on the subject and contains 100 pages. FREE for six cents postage, and the name of your plumber and architect (if selected.) The ABOVE FIXTURES, No. P-33, can be purchased from any plumber at a cost approximating $94.75 not counting freight, labor or piping—is described in detail among the others. CAUTION: Every piece of ‘Stardard’ Ware bears our “Standard” ‘Green and Gold’’ guarantee label,and has our trade-mark ‘Standard’ cast on the outside. Unless the label and trade-mark are on'the fixture it is not “Standaxe’ Ware. Refuse substitutes—they are all inferior and will cost you more in the end. Address Standard Sanitary Mfg.Co. Dept. 23 Pittsburgh, U.S. A. Offices and Showrooms in New York: “Statdard” Building, 35-37 West 31st Street. London, England, 22 Holborn Viaduct, E. C. The House Beautiful Many modest homes reveal far better taste, possess 2 higher artistic atmosphere and give more actual comfort, than man- sions that have cost fortunes. ITS PURPOSE It is the purpose of ‘‘The House Beautiful’’ to lead the way to such homes; to discuss and illustrate the architectural possi- bilities of the home that is to cost say from $300 up; to take up the scope of landscape gardening; to treat on decorative schemes of effective though economical character; to familiarize its readers with the value and proper uses of things old—Colonial furniture, old china, silver, pewter, and to guide them safely in the selection of things new. ITS CONTRIBUTORS ARE AUTHORITIES Every detail of every room and corner of the house is specifi- cally considered by unquestioned authorities, in the pages of “The House Beautiful,” the keynote of its policy being to show Wherein Taste Goes Farther Than Money If you are a lover of Home and Things Beautzful you will quickly discover this magazine to be indispensable. HISTORIC STYLES IN FURNITURE and HOW TO KNOW THEM By Virginia Robie This is an invaluable handbook to those who appreciate the debt we owe to furniture makers of the past. It contains the precise knowledge in clear, lucid form, that has enabled many a man and woman to pick up a gem in old furniture for a mere song, opportunities by-the-way that grow scarcer day by day. It shows how to distinguish the styles of the old Masters, Sheraton, Hepplewhite, Chippendale and the others, and in- fallibly guides one in discriminating between the pure style and the faulty imitation. PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED AND COVERS THE SUBJECT Each period of decoration is fully taken up and conspicuous examples of the furniture pertaming to it are beautifully illus- trated. Of especial value are the chapters on the great French styles, on English furniture of the 16th and 17th Centuries and on the Colonial Period. There are in all fourteen chapters, covering the subject from the early middle ages to the first quarter of the 19th Century. $2 00 OFFER The yearly subscription price of ‘The House Beautiful” is $2.00; the net cost of ‘Historic Styles ° in Furniture and How to Know Them” is $1.60—we will give a copy of the book with every new subscription to the magazine. The book is handsomely printed and the supply will not last long. If you contemplate having it kindly send at once. HERBERT S. STONE, Publisher, 1326 Republic Building, Chicago use the modern sanitary bathtub. Nine millions are active and vigorous, and need no safeguards against slipping. One Million are crippled by illness or: handicapped by old age. Thousands of this million injure themselves every year simply because they need a first-class bath mat and do not know it. Have you one of the million in your family > The Cantslip Bath Mat makes any tub — no matter how slippery — safe; and is so comfortable that we have known bathers to go to sleep on it in the tub. It is soft and grateful to the tenderest skin — like cloth, but with the germ-proof quality of pure white rubber. Made in six lengths and two widths. The average tub takes a 36x15 inch mat; price at your dealer's, $3.00. For some bathers the Rim Grip (lower cut) is de- sirable; price, $2.00. If you find any difficulty in getting mat or grip, write us direct, and goods will be forwarded anywhere east of Omaha at prices named. The Cantslip Bathtub Appliance Co. 56-58 Pine Street, New York Phoenix Sliding Blind Co. Phoenix N. Y. BLINDS | PHOENIX, NY —— ae , =SEND_FOR CATALOGUE Tf ay ie mm W. eae nee Sse AMERICAN pes Xi pretty Price, 25 Cents. $3.00 a Year CONTENTS POix DECEMBER, | QD PAGE A GATEWAY OF THE ESTATE OF MR. SPENCER TRASK AT SARATOGA, NEW YORK ....... cover Murs StONS NOowhR AND THE BRIDGE— Glenn: Hlsinone,? W32.).2 os. os bo ec ke 366 LG IN TST COMIN TSN GP geet © osc acinar OS ac eR Secale isk ec a 368 NOTABLE AMERICAN Homes—“ Yaddo”’................. By Charles de K. Wentworth 369 “LOPES. | SUPOTETDE IN TEATS ye cetgrer Shc sciay asl PEO aR eTocs od te Pe me 2G] SESE SETOUSE SO Fe PANE Su lVIB RINE ME! SOre) Go2) oe. c: 5 cot cis SSR ek tod ve bedne ale a Ws age doe, Boole. sie ales 378 RE OUNNMERP OME LOR MDWARD On GREW, FSOs wo au yay at cals sce ae Ob alee et diet dc s 380 PrEEBELONIE OEM ER Ore Av GARTETD cs. Ws ane eR le equhees gsc sw vqerd nek stee ee oes Jes 384 Eres LOU SE HOP VMiixed Hurnishings ae. «ss on Seok see Ge hes oe oo Soa oe calles 386 RiEees ero LOE bUIEDING ele: Persons: Concerned: i els ei le 387 PWINDEMERE. the Summer blomeot W.O: Underwood, Esq: (i... 20.2220. su. Jas: 388 1 EE SAND BGK este 2 SASS one Cetra Ane oe eee oo ae sa By Ida D. Bennett 390 APPLIQUE ON INEXPENSIVE MATERIALS............0 00000005 By Mabel Tuke Priestman 391 PRINCIPLES OF HoME Decoration: IV.—The Withdrawing-Room...By Joy Wheeler Dow 393 LIE SIA OUP USAWRIOIIY eee 8 o-d Beato aaat nee cae ean, eae ee er By Charles F. Holder 397 THE ADVENTURES OF A WOMAN WHo Hunts BIG GAME IN THE WEST. .By Myra Emmons 400 SCIENCE FOR THE Home: Winter Sanitation—Fires in Country Homes ................. 403 THE GARDEN: The Garden Month by Month (December)—Winter Work .............. 404 Civic BETTERMENT: Private Work for the Public Good—Public Sport .................. 405 (REE MOUSERVER:S INODE-bOOK: Architects, Oldvand New =..). 3. 022.....0.4.000.-..6. 406 INDEX TO AMERICAN HoMEs AND GARDENS, Volume I., July to December, 1905 .........- 427 The Home Telephone. New Books. Correspondence. Publishers’ Department. Fifty Suggestions for the House. New Building Patents. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, 1905. Price, 25 cents. $3.00 a year. Combined Rate for SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS, $5.00 per year. Rate of Subscription of pene HOMES AND GARDENS to foreign countries, $4.00 a year. :: : :: tt Published Monthly by MUNN & COMPANY, Office of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, 361 Broadway, New York. [Copyright, 1905, by Munn & Company. Entered as second-class matter, June 15, 1905, at the Post Office at New York, N. Y., under the Act of Congress of March 3, 1879.] NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS—The Editor will be pleased to have contributions submitted, especially when illustrated by good photographs; but he cannot hold himself responsible for manuscripts and photographs. Stamps should in all cases be enclosed for postage if the writers desire the return of their copy. Nis Series of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN BUILDING MONTHLY. Established in 1885. ‘S Me ~ iii taal camel The Stone Tower and the Bridge of ‘‘Glenn Elsinore,” a New England Estate AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Number 6 December, 1905 A Pompeian Table in the Bay Carries a Sun Dial “Yaddo”—A Semicircular Bay of Rough-Faced Stone Surrounded by a Balustrade Forms a Mid-Observation Point from which the Rose Garden below Can Be Seen. 368 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 Monthly Comment HE money expended by American cities for police protection aggregates a vast sum. That devoted to this purpose by any one of the twenty largest cities is itself immense, and the total amount spent in this way is a) prodigious. A very reasonable question for any taxpayer to ask is, is full value received for this money? The answer is unquestionably determined by results. If the police give genuine protection—if they detect crime, if they inspire criminals with fear, if they protect property, if they help to make life safe and property secure, if, in fine, they constitute a useful part of the civic government—then surely they are of value, and the money they cost is money well spent. Ir is a singular fact that most citizens are extremely skep- tical as to the value of the police. Larger and larger ap- propriations are given to this department of city government every year. In private affairs such expenditures would re- sult in one of two things: either greatly increased efficiency or insolvency and collapse. The police departments certainly give no indication of collapse, but grow stronger and stronger every year, demanding and receiving greater annual ap- propriations and, in many ways, strengthening their hold on the public and the public purse. This would not be criticized if, at the same time, the police grew in public estimation. No American city spends so much for its police as New York. If the money cost were an indication of efficiency it would be the best protected city in the United States. Yet in a single month upward of a hundred cases of robbery in apartment hotels and buildings of like character have been reported, and it has been estimated that in the past year at least $300,000 was stolen from such buildings. Reports from other cities show that the same kind of crime is greatly on the increase everywhere. In too many instances it is apparent that liberal expenditures for police service do not yield a satisfactory return in arrests. Ir is an excellent plan to avoid hysterics in architectural matters. Do not regard every good piece of architectural work as a “triumph,” or a “ miracle,” or a “ marvel.” It is an architect’s business to plan and execute good work. That is what he is for. Some architects can do better work than others; some have better native taste and skill and more of it; some have made better use of their opportunities, studied harder and applied themselves more keenly to their work than their professional brethren; some, undoubtedly, are very bad indeed, and have no place—no right place—in a profession concerned with the erection of permanent build- ings. But the business of an architect is to do good work, and when he does it, it is exactly what he is expected to do. It may be beautiful and fine, it may be good and excellent, but it is seldom a “ triumph,” and rarely a “ miracle.” Home making and housekeeping are two different things. Both are related to each other and both are essential to ex- istence, but the successful housekeeper is not necessarily a successful home maker. The housekeeper has to do with the material things of life, with the conduct of the house- hold, with its cleanliness, its order, its external visible aspect. The home maker is concerned with the internal side of life, with things invisible and personal. It is nobler work, that of home making, than that of housekeeping. The house- keeper is an executive officer, directing her servants as a general commands his army; her duties are business duties and her life is full of bustling activity. The home maker is concerned with the quieter side of life. She may fail in the executive aspects, but succeed with exceeding beauty in the personal matters which make the home the most precious of human possessions. THE housekeeper is a single person, intent on keeping her house in order, administering it with economy and carrying on her work with as little friction as possible. Many per- sons, the whole family group, constitute the home makers of any household. The woman leads in home making, ex- actly as she dominates in housekeeping, but the responsibility for the home is not hers alone, but is equally the husband’s, and, to a very considerable extent, the children’s as well. Every one must help in home making, each one contribute his quota, each do what he or she can. But the men should not put the whole responsibility on the women, nor the women put it off on the men, nor the children hold the parents entirely responsible, nor the parents ignore the chil- dren’s part. The home must be a perfect organism, in which each one tries to do the best he can for the others. If he helps himself at the same time he is so much the better off. But home life rests more completely on consideration of others than on any other single thought. THE amount of unnecessary noise generated, produced, de- veloped and thrust forth upon a helpless populace in any city is completely without warrant, meaning, value or utility. In no place in the world is there less need for noise than in a town. ‘There communication is more rapid, direct and secure than in the open country. ‘There is an abundance of people alert for information, ready to work and anxious for personal advantage. They can communicate their ideas without difficulty, get all the work they want without noise, perform their labor quietly, and go home at night to peaceful repose. Asa matter of fact, there are few things more difh- cult to do than this. The rumble of the elevated trains, the shaking of the earth by the underground, the clanging of the bells of the cable and trolley cars, may be more or less neces- sary and more or less unavoidable. It is not the necessary | noises which are so horrible in the cities as the unnecessary ones. And of the unnecessary ones there is little abatement. If our modern life produced genuine reformers, people intent on doing good for the sake of doing it, many of these things might be remedied. As it is we are going from bad to worse. Many noises can not be avoided in places where great crowds of people are continually congregated, but every unnecessary noise should be utterly abolished from town life. StyLEes and fashions in furnishings and furniture are much less important than excellence. The newest things in furniture, and, indeed, in all matters of interior decoration, are often of interest because the modern purveyors of such things turn them out with a certain knack and charm; but their merits are apt not to be very deep, and it is always ex- ceedingly wasteful to throw away good old things for new objects that are simply in the fashion. Furniture fashions change so rapidly nowadays that any room furnished in the newest type is out of date the next season. Few pocket- books can stand yearly changes in furnishings which are not only unnecessary but exceedingly wasteful. A good, average style is often a better investment than the newest of new fashions. December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND) GARDENS At the Foot of the Lawn is a Huge Fountain, in which Gold Fish and Carp May Swim Notable American Homes “YADDO” Its Gardens and its Grounds By Charles de K. Wentworth EFO’ the wah” Saratoga was the fashion- able watering place for New Yorkers and held its own until Newport took the glory from it. The curative properties of its many springs were taken more seriously then, and the presence of a large contingent from the Seaclicr States made the crowd of visitors more varied and interesting than it became later, when the Civil War inter- fered with the northward summer migrations from Virginia and beyond. But of late Saratoga has come into favor again and many are drawn to the town which has experienced within half a century such ups and downs. Some, per- haps, seek for an explanation of what it was that furnished the attraction and brought together Canadians and South- erners, New Yorkers and Kentuckians, every summer for two generations. A first visit to ““ Yaddo ” was somewhat in the nature of an accident, since I found my way to it rather unexpectedly on the occasion of a morning’s walk. I well remember it was hot—as this old battlefield of the British troops and Colonial levies often can be—and I had no longer to solace me the shade of the trees that grew in fine style down the center of the avenue. There were woods on my right, young woods, with taller trees peeping beyond them, trees that tempted one to explore their shady bosquets; the more so because a gateway stood invitingly open, whence I caught a glimpse of a cool aisle of road with a bend that asked one to find out whither it was going. I remember the first note of interest I came upon was a charming little lake with whispering grass at its shoal end and trees over- hanging the bolder banks. The road skirts this lake, turns into the forest, comes back to a second and larger lake, over which hangs a round tower, built of boulders, with arched openings below its conical roof. That tower and the rough stone coping of the road as it swept around the lower end of the lake gave one pause. The turn brought one before an arch of massive stones, which carried the driveway south- ward and separated one of the four successive lakes from another still farther down. Not far off I came across the owner of this domain, clad in corduroys and golf trim, giving orders to a gardener near a clump of rhododendrons. It was characteristic of the thought and care that has gone to the making of this great estate that its owner should, at midday, be thus engaged in a distinct and quiet spot, intent upon personally directing a comparatively small matter. At the very beginning of our talk he explained to me that “ Yaddo ”’—and, indeed, it was almost my first thought—was not, as I had supposed, a local Indian name, but was one given the place, under special circumstances, when the present owners first came here and long be- fore the present house was built. Taking it from childish lips, it began to be used at first in sport, then adopted in earnest. It is short and convenient for general use, and is consecrated to its owners by memories which be- long to them alone. The little lakes hidden away in the trees mean everything in the pleasure we get from “ Yaddo,” not alone because of their picturesqueness, but their practical value. They are ice makers and pure water providers, and in winter are skated upon with protection from the wind. Strolling along the driveway, which zigzags on easy gradients up a rather steep incline, we came to wide slopes of greensward and caught a glimpse of the mansion, its square tower of rough-faced gray stone and broad stone terrace sug- gesting Elizabethan architecture, which the extension in half- timber does not belie, nor the octagonal smaller tower that 379 advances a little before the facade, nor the carved wood portions of the front. The tower represents the center of this original house in more than one respect. It provides for two great central halls on main and upper story, and above that rooms with superb outlook. In the old country this would represent the original tower of stone into which family and movables were bundled when a raid was coming. The extensions north and south would represent the additions made after the coming of more settled times. In the adapted form its two broad, high-ceiled halls make a meeting place That above is a lounging-room with tables, on each floor. A Glimpse of the Facade and the Terrace. The Outer Wall is Tapestried with Vines ; Flower Beds Flank the Walk books, easy chairs, loggia to the west, broad outlook to the east. [hat below is an assembly room for arrivals and departures, for games before the great fireplace, for pageants on ‘Twelfth Night or Christmas. Into it open the wide doors of drawing-rooms and dining-room, and there descends the great double stairway. ‘To the west is the !ittle conserva- tory and fountain, to the east the tall, wide window doors that lead to the terrace. In nothing does ‘‘ Yaddo”’ bear the marks of a home all the year round more clearly than in its orientation, for the dense pine woods to the west and north diminish the force of the icy winds, while the terrace: AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 turned to the east gets all the morning sun, with the added protection of the house at one’s back. Here the outer wall is tapestried with Virginia creeper and other vines, and the flower boxes at the foot of the wall glow with seasonable blossoms. As one turns from the house and allows the gaze to sweep across the vast plain in which Saratoga Lake is lost among the undulations of the ground, the sharpest accent is given by a giant pine tree leaning at an angle with the slope on which it stands, the last of a mighty forest that grew here when the settlers pushed eastward from the Hud- son and westward from New England. Fortunately this tree was spared by the farmer whose land Mr. Trask bought. It is characteristic of many up- country farmers that they show a certain hatred of trees in: herited from the earlier settlers who had to do battle against the overwhelming forest. One hears them apologizing for not cutting down the most beautiful oaks and pines on the plea of overwork or laziness! As luck would have it this pine escaped, either because it seemed too heavy a job to undertake when plenty of smaller trees could be managed or because its owners really felt its lonely majesty and beauty. Now it gives a character to the landscape not easily defined. Mr. Trask and his poet wife have the roots of their existence deep in this fair and smiling es- tate as the great pine pushes its roots down into the whilom pasture, now a stately rose garden. The farmhouse fell, to make room for a country seat, and that house in turn dis- appeared in the flames. Then it was that the present structure rose. Meantime other acres were acquired to the north across the highway, to the west beyond the pine forest toward the race track; to the south- ward, too, and lower down into the plain to the eastward, so that in the course of time ‘“ Yaddo ” has become an estate of seven hundred acres or more, with its pasture lands and arable fields, its mighty barns and model dairy, its woods and coppices. It has become a favorite drive for Saratoga, the well kept drives in all but the close neighborhood of the mansion being always open to the public. ‘“Yaddo” mansion does not keep its formal gardens in close proximity, but hides them behind screens of trees and hedges. Looking from the terrace one perceives a fountain far below, on the lower lawn, but only a bit of the rose garden offers itself invitingly. So, beckoned onward by the leaning tower of the pine tree aforesaid, one strolls, unprepared and drawn as by invisible threads of expectation not yet come to conscious curiosity, down the natural slope of the lawn; or, if it is hot sunlight, one edges over to a pleached alley that December, 1905 ANERTGAN ~HOMES AND» GARDENS 371 The Mansion with its Square Tower of Rough-Faced Gray Stone and Broad Stone Terrace Suggests Elizabethan Architecture A Sequestered Walk among Tall Young Trees near the Mansion seems to lead that way by a short cut. Down this path are stopping places in the shape of open platforms that are in the nature of gateways, carrying classic roofs on columns, whose Ionic capitals and drums are of terra cotta, covered platforms fenced about with a simple Greek screenwork and for the leisurely provided with a bench and a bit of sculpture to look at. ‘Thus does one part from that wilder and more natural portion of a garden that Lord Verulam de- mands as an offset to the primness of his day, and come, by steps and degrees, to the more ordered and formal precincts given up to the rose. On the well shaved greensward are great dec- orated pots of flowers and shrubs aligned on both sides of the graveled path. It is not until one has turned the corner, how- ever, that one sees the terraces that over- look the rose garden. Backed by a grove of tall young poplars a pergola extends from north to south its fluted Ionic col- umns and open rafters clambered over by crimson ramblers. Marble short flights of stairs descend to a second terrace edged with the same stone, broad pots standing on the low piers to carry slender green cones of cedars. Out of this coping wall juts, in the center, a semicircular bay of rough-faced stone with balustrade, a kind of observation point from which one can examine the beds of roses down below. On the Greco-Roman table in this bay lies a sun dial, carefully designed for the latitude of ‘‘ Yaddo,” and one of the most perfect of its kind. Draw up a Pompeian chair, lean your elbow on the marble slab, inhale the myriad perfumes from the roses, and, taking no thought of time’s finger on the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 dial in front of you, gaze off into the distance and try to follow along the low horizon line the faint undulations of the Green Mountains and the Hoosac Range. You will be sure to turn involuntarily at last to the great pine tree, with its upward trending branches, that tells in its structure so plainly of a vanished forest. Near it, and against the belt of young woodland, is an exedra shining white, which invites one, especially in the late afternoon, to sit and listen to the sound of voices in the last minstrel pine. With its pine and its pergola and its sun dial and its roses, all this garden needs is a nightingale or two— though the brown thrasher, hermit thrush and catbird are pretty good substitutes. Certainly it is charming to move about these formal walks where rare roses are carefully nursed against sup- ports and shielded so far as possible from slug and bug, from scorching and freezing. The white severe stair- ways climb the green slopes, presided over, it may be, by Mercury and Diana. The potted evergreens raise their graceful spires above the coping stones, and, farther back, the columns of the pergola gleam between the riot of green and red of the climbing roses. Here, among the standard plants, which are marshaled in formal squads and platoons, in companies and regiments, thousands and thousands of them properly pruned, trimmed, set up and aligned, there lies a small fountain. The big fountain is not in the rose garden at all, but forms the chief high- light in the green map that lies before one’s eyes when standing on the terrace of the house. To reach it one passes an ornamental gateway in the hedge that bounds the rose garden to the north and finds oneself on the big lawn that stretches up to the house without a break. It is a small lake of a fountain, suitable for gold fish and carp, set on the smooth grass and surrounded on two sides at a respectful distance by young woodlands, which in their turn conceal a brook of many pools and little falls and nooks full of iris and wild swamp flowers, the outlet of the string of four lakelets spoken of above. The group in the big fountain is one of sleepy Naiads teased by a Cupid; one has risen and stretches her arms lazily in the veil of drops carried over her from the jets of water; the other is still An Arch of Massive Stones Connects Two of the Small Lakes December, 1905 slumbering as she sits. Their arms form graceful curves against the surrounding foliage. There is so much to see at “‘ Yaddo,” its spaces are so broad, its vistas are so extended, its views so superb, its gen- eral sense of ampleness and extent so wonderfully fine, that one is perhaps apt to feel that in seeing so much one has seen it all. Asa matter of fact, one might spend several days in wandering through the grounds, delighting oneself with the wonderful natural beauty of the place and the quite as beautiful and almost as wonderful way in which art has been made to aid nature in these splendid grounds. And the more one wonders the more one sees. New beauty spots are con- tinually being discovered, new evidences of thoughtful care and fine utilization of possibilities made clear with each AN EPRWVEGAIN HOMES AND) GARDENS 373 be committed. The water garden at ‘‘ Yaddo”’ is a case in point. One may wander quite extensively through these spacious grounds before one comes upon this spot, which is hidden behind some hillocks planted with trees. It is a small space compared to the vast areas of ‘‘ Yaddo,” but still so large as to seem quite spacious, judged by the Japanese models. Masses of rocaille are covered with plants that thrive in moist places, and the pools that are allowed to form at dif- ferent levels are kept supplied by a slender stream hidden by ranks of iris in the varied Japanese shapes and colors. Seated beside one of these pools one is in another world, shut away not only from the gay, driving world of Saratoga, but from the grave, noble landscapes of the valley. A Japanese stone The Upper Pool and the Water Garden. Changing the Color Scheme from Month to Month fresh turn in a walk or each new venture into some wooded groves. The grounds are not only charming in themselves, but abound in charming surprises, each of which has its own note of interest and each of which, even in its separate de- velopment, bears a more or less relationship to the general scheme. This, indeed, is one of beauty only, for it is to make a beautiful garden, a beautiful, great garden, that ‘‘ Yaddo”’ has been developed to its present splendid stage. It is not an uncommon error for the owners of great gar- dens to make their estates a collection of different sorts of gardens, a museum of gardens, as it were, each of which, while fine in its way and well worthy of admiration, suffers somewhat from its proximity to another garden of a wholly different kind. One of the most striking features of the gar- den plan of “ Yaddo”’ is the avoidance of just this error, which is often excusable with the very ease with which it can As the Seasons Succeed One Another Certain Flowers Bloom, thus lantern rises here and there, or a rustic bridge crosses a stream; a marble maid sits pensive, like Rautendelein, regard- ing the lily-pads. The air is supplied with the necessary moisture by jets that fling a fine spray over rocks and ferns. Care is taken that, as the season passes, certain flowers come into blossom and so change the color scheme from month to month, new bulbs being planted, new plants set out to take the place of annuals, while the permanent flowers are so disposed as to form a regular succession of delightful disclosures. Thus, absolutely out of sight of the house but within a few minutes’ walk, there are two gardens for the fortunate inhabitants of ‘‘ Yaddo ” and their many guests in which they can feel themselves quite alone and as if removed by miles from inquisitive eyes. And this has been done slowly, under the eyes of the masters, without calling in armies of laborers in an attempt to finish everything overnight. It is wonderful what a man in active city business can accomplish ‘““Yaddo”—A Pergola Extends from North to South its Fluted Columns, its Open Rafters ‘ Rose Garden. Broad Pots Stand on the Mp bered by Crimson Ramblers. Marble Stairs Descend to the Lower Terraces and the ble Piers and Carry Green Cedar Cones a ee. nee oz =e “Yaddo"—A Pergola i the Lower Terraces and the Extends from North to South its Fluted Columns, its Open Rafters Clambered by Crimson Ramblers. Marble Stairs Descend to the Loy Rose Garden. Broad Pots Stand on the Marble Piers and Carry Green Cedar Cones 376 AMERICAN ‘HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 with his leisure time by constant personal supervision and a genius for accomplishing things. But the real spirit that puts ‘“* Yaddo” apart from many of the splendid country places in America is the personal touch of its makers on every part of it—house and lawns, gardens and woods. It is evident that the place is loved for itself as well as for its associations, that both mistress and master regard it as a home, not a show place or one for entertaining guests, though it has become both one and the other through the at- tractive personalities and «social genius that preside there. Only a woman aided by a man keen to understand and helpful to suggest could have given this house and estate the original atmosphere one breathes in it. There is no sense of rawness or newness, but an expres- sion of individuality that objects ac- quire which have been worn, like a glove or aslipper. Absorbed in her The Main Road with its Rough Stone Coping Sweeps Around the Lower End of the Lake reading and literary work Mrs. Katrina Trask has yet built sketches to the stained glass windows in its hall and the about her a home that any woman might envy, for it fits her andirons on its hearth. It is this slow accretion under minds and her husband as only that house can which is the result that understand each other’s point of view which makes of personal study, of careful planning from the first ‘‘ Yaddo”’ so interesting, not the number of its acres nor the ee a A Marble Water Nymph is Seated in One of the Pools of the Rock Garden. Fine Sprays of Water are Flung over the Rocks and Ferns December, 1905 Ve = > Along the Pleached Alley are Platforms Surmounted by Classic length of its terrace. The pleasure it has given its owners while adding tracts to the demesne and buildings to the farm, planting a grove here and opening a road or vista there, makes itself felt by others in some inscrutable way, and, with- out knowing why, they, too, feel pleasure. As an instance in point, there is the rose garden. It ex- ists because to Mrs. Trask the rose is the transcendent flower, but for herself she never would have planned and stocked such a magnificent example. Nor for himself, in all likeli- hood, would Mr. Trask have become so great a rose col- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 4) Roofs Borne by Ionic Columns of Terra Cotta lector. But since they love roses the passion has grown, until only a space of many acres can hold the plants; and, then, the pleasure both feel can be extended to their friends. Several years ago Mrs. Trask established in Saratoga a training school for servants, which, in summer, is often opened to the children from the Albany hospitals, and the rose garden comes in very happily to supply the convalescents with flowers. And there are others, too. Things of this kind one learns over the lunch table where friends from Saratoga gather under the genial presence of their hosts. The Kitchenette LTHOUGH the kitchenette is not the new- est idea in things pertaining to the kitchen, its end and collapse—or, perhaps, more strictly speaking, its approaching end and collapse—is the latest idea that has wafted ; out from the great world of hoteldom in which so many strange devices are in vogue for the com- pressing of many things into the smallest possible amount of space. The kitchenette was not exactly a labor-saving device, but an arrangement that was intended to meet the needs of those who, living in apartments, wished to do their own cooking, or at least a part of it. The kitchenette was a very small room, something larger than a closet, something decidedly smaller than a kitchen. Its conveniences consisted of a gas stove and an ice chest. It was obviously simple and compact. Its possibilities were obviously limited; one could not do very much within it, but one could, on the other hand, prepare there simple break- fasts and luncheons. It is perhaps not generally known, but it is a well ascer- tained fact, that many of the most expensive hotels in New York house people who practise all sorts of petty economies in order to pay their room rent. The kitchenette idea was invented largely to meet the needs of such tenants. At all events, it was first applied to apartments of considerable cost, apartments whose rent was so high that the tenants might very well afford to rent larger apartments or purchase their meals in the hotel restaurant. But there is a charm in cookery—to those who do not have to cook. The fair young wife is delighted with the conve- niences which enable her to prepare breakfast for the doting young husband, until the novelty wears off or it becomes in- convenient and distasteful to wash the dishes after every home-made repast. The smallest of kitchenettes entailed some drudgery, as all household work does, and thus the popularity of these apartments began to fail. One by one they were deserted, and as they were attached to rooms for which good rent was demanded there were no frugally minded young couples to take the place of the dissatisfied ones. The obliging landlord maintained a storeroom, from whence sundry supplies could be obtained by telephone. AMERICAN “EFIOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 The House of James Imbrie, Esq. Englewood, New Jersey HE suburban home of James Imbrie, Esq., at Englewood, N. J., is designed and built in a quaint and interesting manner. It is the simplicity of this design which makes it attractive; simple in its form and simple in its design, and without the usual superfluous ornamentation which is so often attempted in the smaller homes, is what makes it so attractive and pleasing. ‘The pases TaN | LSS _ OE, QQ DINING RM, First Floor b) four columns of the ‘“ Mount Vernon” type at the front, which support the roof, lend dignity to its exterior. The stone foundation, with rock faces, supports the superstructure, which is covered with clapboards, and the whole of which is painted white, forming a very pleasing contrast with its wooded surroundings. ‘The roof is covered with shingles. The entrance is into a central hall, containing an interest- ing staircase with ornamental newel, balusters and rail. At [gi MAIDS RM i BED ROOM’ Second Floor December, 1905 either side of the doorway there are placed tall windows, extending from the floor to the height of the front door, from which an entrance may be made into the hall. The living-room is placed to the left of the hall, and is trimmed with cypress stained and finished in Flemish brown. This color scheme harmonizes well with the deep green tinted walls. The elongated effect of this room is lessened by the ingle-nook which is placed at one end of the room, thereby breaking its length. The separation is formed by a beamed archway which is supported on octagonal-formed columns. ‘The ingle-nook is raised one step from the level of the main floor, and contains an open fire- place with facings of rock-faced stone, and a mantel, with bookcases built in on either side, above which are placed stained glass windows which shed a soft and pleasant light over the ingle-nook. On the right side of the hall, and balancing with the living-room and ingle-nook, is the dining-room, which is also trimmed with cypress. The walls of this room are covered with a large-flowered paper, in green and red tones, to the height of six feet, at which point is placed a plate rack extending around the room; above this plate rack the walls and ceilings are treated in an Indian red tone. The fireplace is the special feature of this room, and is built completely of rock-faced stone of a pearl-gray color, with the exception of the mantel-shelf, which is of similar stone and dressed; this fireplace ex- tends from the floor to the ceiling. Beyond the dining-room is the butler’s pantry, which is fitted up with sink, drawers The Dining-Room Has a Splendid Fireplace of Rock-faced Stone ANE REGAN “EO WE S AND GARDENS S70 hint EGS ET The Living-Room is Trimmed with Cypress and Finished in Flemish Brown and dressers complete. ‘This pantry forms the separation, and yet is the connecting link between the dining-room and kitchen. ‘The kitchen is lighted and ventilated on both sides, and is fitted with a range, dresser and a large store pantry. There are three bedrooms on the second floor, which are provided with large closets, and there are also a linen closet and bathroom, besides two bedrooms over the kitchen exten- sion for the maids. [he main bedrooms are treated with an ivory-white painted trim and artistic wall decorations. One of the bedrooms has a fireplace with a tiled hearth and fac- ings, and a mantel, which is re- cessed into an ingle-nook and pro- vided with seats on either side. The bathroom is furnished with porcelain fixtures and also sup- plied with exposed nickelplated plumbing. There are two rooms and a trunk room on the third floor, and the cellar contains the heating ap- paratus, fuel rooms, laundry, etc. The simplicity of the plan is en- tirely in harmony with the simplic- ity of the exterior. It is a straight- forward, direct arrangement, with rooms of good size and so planned that irregular spaces are practically eliminated. It is in thorough keep- ing with this simple plan that the exterior is designed on lines some- what severe, it is true, but good and pleasant. It possesses, therefore, some of the most important ele- ments to be found in the building of a good home. It is a house of significant interest and of excellent parts, planned to design with fine skill and taste. Mr. Aymar Embury, 2d, archi- tect, 63 William Street, New York. 380 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDERMS I . December, 1905 The Summer Home of Edward S. Grew, Esq. West Manchester, Massachusetts UST before the Boston train reaches the little station at West Manchester, Mass., it passes through a very picturesque and interesting bit of country, with its myriads of beautiful views of land and sea, the combination of : which form very happy settings for the many stately mansions with which the “ North Shore ”’ abounds. From the little station a broad avenue winds its way, skirting along many beautifully kept estates, until a very imposing gateway is reached which forms the entrance to the summer home of Edward S. Grew, Esq. A serpentine driveway extends from the gateway, passing on through the highly cultivated grounds, which are well planted with many grow- ing shrubs and flowering plants, until the house looms up among the trees in its magnificent grandeur. Passing on through a screened fence of Grecian design, the front porch is reached within this inclosure, and at either side of the porch are placed large pots of hydrangea hortensia which add a bit of color to the scene when they are in full bloom. The house is designed in the Colonial style, of the Georgian type, and is built of stucco, which is left in its natural silvery gray color, while the trimmings and all the exterior wood- work is painted white. The principal characteristic of the design of the exterior is the pilaster effect, which is finished with Ionic capitals. ‘These pilasters support the frieze with which the building is surrounded, and the massive balus- trade with which the whole is surmounted. ‘The roof is covered with shingles. Upon crossing the vestibule the “‘ Great Hall” is reached, which extends through the depth of the house, with a com- manding view of the sea. ‘This end of the hall has broad openings which permit one to reach the grand portico, which forms the main characteristic of the ocean front of the house. It has a massive portico which is supported on Ionic columns, and a floor of red brick, laid in a herring-bone pattern. The hall is treated in a handsome manner in the Colonial style, with paneled walls from the floor to the ceiling. Mass- ive molded beams placed on the ceiling give dignity to the hall. ‘The whole of the woodwork is treated with white paint, with many coats, well rubbed down, and left with a smooth surface. ‘The grand staircase rises up from either side of the hall to a broad landing, from which a single flight of stairs extends to the second story. The balustrade to this staircase is very handsomely made from special designs. The newel posts are formed of a cluster of similar balusters, from which the mahogany rail sweeps up to the second floor. The fireplace, placed at one side of the hall, is furnished with facings and a hearth of marble, and a mantel with a paneled overmantel in good proportion. To the right of the hall is placed the den and library, while to the left is the drawing-room, beyond which is the dining-room. The library is trimmed with mahogany, and is surrounded partly with low book shelves, while the remainder of the wall spaces are filled in with a paneled wainscoting built up to the level of the top of the bookcases. At the opposite end of the room from the entrance is an open fireplace, provided A House Designed in the Colonial Style and Built of Stucco Left in its Natural Silvery Gray Color December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 381 The Stable with facings and hearth of onyx, and a mantel with pilasters The drawing-room is to the left of the hall, and is trimmed and overmantel. and furnished in a most dainty and artistic manner. The The den, connecting both with the library and hall, is conception of the room is quite sustained, however, for the treated with a green forest effect. It has bookcases built architectural woodwork, the furniture and hangings are all in, and a brick fireplace with hearth and mantel. of the French school, and the result is most excellent. There Fonct | 7. 4 | | tan | | | ~ sy 4 Ee Na = =I Dring Poort LORAL, Mevhhe 4 Be, ee LEE Cie ae Eig p: b | 1| Steown Mooe | (eeee Plans of the Summer Home of Edward S. Greer, Esq. 382 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 ~ a eae ey The Principal Characteristic of the Exterior are the Pilasters, which are Finished with lonic Capitals Ss | | | | | The Hall is Designed in the Colonial Style, with Paneled Walls from the Floor to the Ceiling The Summer Home of Edward S. Grew, Esg., West Manchester, Massachusetts December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 383 The Woodwork of the Drawing-Room, Furniture and Hangings are French is a low paneled wainscoting, above which the walls are covered with silk in a green and white tone, and the whole finished with a wooden cornice, which extends around the room. The ceiling is laid on in a geometrical form with plaster mold- ings, and is treated with an old ivory-white tint. The fireplace in this room has facings of white onyx, a hearth, and the whole is surmounted with a handsomely carved mantel. The dining-room, which is adjacent to the draw- ing-room, is trimmed with mahogany, and has a paneled wainscoting, well laid and highly polished. Above this wainscoting the walls are handsomely decorated, and the whole finished with a wooden cornice. The fireplace, with onyx facings and hearth, has a mahogany mantel. A soft rug in harmony with the color scheme of the room covers the floor, and the furniture, of mahogany, is in keeping with the woodwork. The service end of the house is placed in an ex- tension and is arranged in a convenient manner. The Dining-Room has a Paneled Wainscoting and a Fireplace with Onyx Facings The china closet and butler’s pantry are quite aa unusual feature, and while each is separate they are also connected, and are fitted with all the best modern appliances. The kitchen, which is be- yond, has a fireplace of Welsh tile facings and hearth, and its sink, its store pantries and ice-box, with an outside entrance thereto, are all good fea- tures, and are well fitted up. The laundry, which is placed at the extreme end of the wing, contains a similar fireplace as the kitchen, and is furnished with a laundry range and a set of laundry tubs. ‘The servants’ hall is placed at the front of the house, and is provided with a dresser for the servants’ dishes, etc. The long corridor which extends the entire length of the service quarters is placed on the side of the en- trance court, while the service quarters are on the outside of the extension, thereby isolating them, so far as possible, from the living quarters of the main house. The second floor is trimmed with pine treated with white enamel paint, and left with a glossy finish; the doors are of mahogany. ‘The decora- The Library is Surrounded Partly with Low Book Shelves tions of the various rooms are most excellent. This floor contains the master’s suite of rooms, besides ample guest rooms. Two of the rooms have dressing-rooms connected, and also bath- rooms attached, besides a third bathroom for the general use of the other bedrooms. ‘These bath- rooms are wainscoted and paved with tiles, and each are provided with porcelain fixtures and ex- posed nickelplated plumbing. There is a linen closet provided for the family linen. The extension over the kitchen and laundry is fitted up with seven servants’ bedrooms, bathroom, and linen closet for servants’ linen, which are reached by a private hall and staircase. Extra guest rooms and trunk rooms are placed on the third floor. The house is equipped with an ele- vator, which runs from the cellar to the third floor, and is one of the features of its appoint- ments. The heating apparatus, fuel rooms and storage spaces are placed in the cellar. Messrs. Shipley, Rutan & Coolidge, architects, Ames Building, Boston, Mass. 384 AMERICAN HOMES The Home of Prof. H. A. AND GARDENS Princeton, New Jersey HE house which is occupied by Prof. H. A. Garfield, at Princeton, N. J., and de- signed in the English half-timber style of architecture, was built for Dean Fine,a mem- ber of the faculty of Princeton University. It is built in a handsome manner, with a aioe of stone and half-timber, and is delightfully situated among many beautiful trees and shrubs with which the site abounds, and is quite in keeping with the many stately homes with which Princeton is famous. The first story is built of rock-faced stone, while the re- mainder of the building is constructed of half-timber, the panels being filled in with stucco work. ‘The house is crowned with well broken gables, and a roof which is covered with shingles. The entrance porch is a handsome one, with its verge boards carved in an excellent manner. The entrance is into a central hall, at the opposite end of which is placed a flower window with paneled seats, over which is a cluster of leaded windows. This hall is trimmed with oak. The stair-hall is to the left of the main hall, and contains a staircase with a newel post representing a carved lion bearing a shield of emblematic design. The living-room, to the right of the entrance, is treated with old ivory-white painted trim. The fireplace with which this room is provided is built of brick, with the facings and hearth of tiles, and a mantel of Colonial style. On either side of the fireplace is a French window which opens onto the living-piazza, which is, in winter, inclosed with glass, and forms a sun room. At the front and opening from the vesti- The Window at the is 4 PEGE: SEE= “ eee st Carved Verge Boards Grace the Entrance Front December, 1905 Garfield End of the Hall bule, as well as from the hall, is the study, which is trimmed with oak. ‘This little study has a baywindow with seat at the front, book- cases built in around the room, and an_ingle-nook separated by a beamed arch. The fireplace is built of brick with facings of the same, and a hearth of tile. The mantel is paneled with an overmantel with corbeled plate shelf, and the same paneled work is carved over the paneled seats with which the ingle-nook is pro- vided. The dining-room, trim- med with oak, has two bay- windows with flower shelves and an attractive fireplace with tile trimming and mantel. ‘The butler’s pantry, kitchen and its de- pendencies are placed in an extension from the main house. The pantries are fitted up complete, and the kitchen, ventilated and lighted on both sides, con- tains all the necessary ap- ‘pointments for a well regu- December, 1905 AMERIGAN, HOMES AND’ GARDENS A House of Stone and Half-Timber Built in the English Style il Ber koork ¥ b 15% vi | SEC OND /L COL. Lipreary 16K 24 JTury 15 416 VESTIBULE The Home of Prof. H. A. Garfield, Princeton, New Jersey The Ingle-Nook in the Study lated kitchen. ‘The laundry, fitted complete, the laundry porch, with coal bins and the drying yard inclosed, all are good features. The second floor is exceptionally well arranged; the main suite, consisting of two bedrooms, dressing-room, boudoir and bath, form the principal feature of this floor. Besides this suite there are three bedrooms and bath, while the serv- ants’ rooms are placed over the kitchen extension. ‘This floor is treated with white paint and has attractive wall deco- AMERTCAN “HOMES AND GARDEWS December, 1905 rations. Four of the bedrooms have open fireplaces with tiled trimmings, and Co- lonial mantels. There is ample storage space on the third floor, and the heating ap- paratus and fuel room are placed in the cellar. Messrs. Cope & Stewardson, architects, 320 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Moderate Priced Fireproof Dwellings Tue city of Pittsburg is claiming the honor of possessing within its municipal limits the first houses of low cost which are practically fireproof. The Pittsburg experi- ment is, therefore, one of the utmost in- terest. [he houses are of the ‘‘ semi- detached ” type; that is to say, built in pairs with a party wall between. The basement walls are of hollow tile, 9 by 13 inches and 3 feet long, making a good 13-inch wall. The exterior walls are faced with red pressed brick, lined within with hollow tile, and the partition walls are made entirely of the hollow tile. The floors throughout are practically monolithic and are composed of hollow tile laid in straight courses, filled between the courses with an inch of concrete. Steel fabric, used for tension, is embedded in a second lower inch of concrete. ‘The porch floors are built in the same way. The interior floors are covered with tightly joined grooved flooring. As little wood as possible is used. The roofs throughout are of tile, and the porch supports are of fire- proof blocks embedded in cement. Steel framing supports the tiling of the roof and porch. The Household Mixed Furnishings housekeeper is apt to fall into is the promis- cuous use of furniture in a promiscuous way. Most households contain a very miscellaneous lot of furniture, gathered in various ways, obtained at various times and from various sources, furniture intended for many uses and which has survived the wear and tear of usage, too good to throw away, perhaps not really good enough to keep. It is often a serious problem what should be done with such furni- ture, especially when a new house is taken or a general re- arrangement made. The drastic remedy of destruction and. ejectment is, in many cases, the only safe one. Complete uniformity may not always be possible, but at least approximate uniformity should be followed. A room furnished in a single style, or with furniture of a homogeneous kind, has marked advan- tages in esthetic effect over one that, at first glance, seems to be a museum of furniture, and which on further inspection is revealed as a place of last resort; nothing more. The situation is bad enough when the relics of several rooms, of several houses, or of several replenishings are thus gathered together; it is much more dreadful when this effect is the direct result of simultaneous purchase—and this happens oftener than there is any need for. Many furniture buyers start out without any preconceived notion of what to a NE of the commonest difficulties that the get, and with absolutely no idea as to how their furniture is « going to look in the rooms for which it is destined. They choose anything that strikes their fancy, and then when the room is finished wonder why it is not pleasing. It is because of this lack of foresight, this inability to see rooms as they will be, this lack of knowledge of good furniture and ignorance of the principles of good furnishings that so many tasteless rooms are evolved at great expense. There is not the slightest necessity for this state of things. It is a very easy matter to obtain good advice on such sub- jects, and if one does not know what to do oneself one should seek the necessary advice in the proper quarters. The case of mixed furniture that has survived is more dificult. Some pieces may be well worthy of preservation, some may be too good to throw away; but the result is sure to be hodgepodge, and there can never be the satisfaction that is rightly felt in rooms furnished from the beginning in a homogeneous manner. Success in furnishing is determined by results. Results are determined by taste. Objects good in themselves may not be good when placed in close juxtaposition in the same room. It is a difficult matter to furnish well, that is, with a keen eye to good taste and an appreciation of comfort and utility. But it is only on such lines that satisfactory and satisfying results can be obtained. Mixed furnishings, promiscuous furnishings, haphazard furnishings, are to be avoided as the most dangerous of household expedients. They are common enough in even good houses. a — December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS Helps to Home Building The Persons Concerned HERE are four persons, or groups of per- sons, concerned in the erection of the house, each of whom bears a definite relationship to it, and each of whom is vitally concerned with it. These are (1) the owner, (2) the architect, (3) the builder and(4) the family. The ae in which they are here set down may not be quite logical, for the family would seem to be so close to the owner as to be inseparable from him; and the builder is compara- tively unimportant, since if an architect is employed he em- ploys the builder, and the owner has no responsible relations with him. The owner, of course, is supreme. He is the boss. He hires every one, and even the mighty architect must submit to his will. He pays all bills, and after the house is finished it is his. It is impossible to overrate his importance to the undertaking; and yet he would be a wise man if he did not take too much upon himself because of these primary facts. There is responsibility in supreme control which is often quite as great in a house as it is in the management of a rail- road or in conducting the affairs of State. As a matter of fact, the average owner, the every-day owner, has but the slightest knowledge of architecture, and quite as little of building. He will often get more satisfactory results by simply paying the bills than by introducing his personal views at all times and under all circumstances. The owner employs the architect, and immediately finds he has hired a man who knows more of the business upon which he is about to embark than he does. This is always awkward, and sometimes leads to unpleasant complications. It is quite as true of house building as of any other industry. A client who has definite views of his own, and can express them intelligently, will be welcomed by the architect if these views are reasonable and capable of being carried out within the agreed-upon limit of cost. If unreasonable results are demanded some very unpleasant experiences may be looked for. The tendency among architects is to insist that their own views shall prevail in matters in dispute, and in face of the frightful ignorance among the greater public on archi- tectural matters they would seem to have the better side of the argument. The essential point to bear in mind is that these two high contracting parties, the owner and the architect, are intent upon the production of a single work. The architect has not the intense personal interest in the undertaking that the owner has unless the house be one of unusual magnificence, size and cost, when professional pride will spur him to ex- traordinary efforts; but he values his professional reputation sufficiently to give full measure of return for his pay. The owner, on the other hand, is so keenly alive to his own per- sonal relationship to the enterprise that he often fails to see the architect’s point of view. Unless a common meeting point is permanently reached things are apt to become ex- tremely unpleasant. The builder hardly counts as a positive force if an archi- tect is employed, as he is a subordinate employee, whose busi- ness it is to carry out the requirements of the specifications under the superintendence of the architect. His work is mechanical, but not the less essential. That there are good builders and bad builders is as true as that there are good architects and bad architects. The owner, however, will do well to fasten the full responsibility upon the architect and rid himself of troubles he will personally be quite unable to settle. The family is quite a different matter. The architect who may boast he can manage any single client hastily looks for cover when he sees a full-grown family making tracks for his office, each laden, no doubt, with a pet idea which must be immediately introduced into the building, to the exclusion of everything else. It is painful to think of the scenes that may follow, and it may be a wiser course to draw a curtain upon them. It is, however, very necessary to keep all these matters well in mind in undertaking the building of a house. The house is built for the client and his family; he is entitled to have as many of his good ideas carried out as can be done for the money. More than that, indeed, he is entitled to have his bad ideas so modified and improved that the best of them can also be included. He must have the architect’s best thought and his best work. He must not propose im- possibilities. He must not ask for an Italian palace when he has only money enough for a Queen Anne cottage. He must not demand marble when the contracts call for brick. He must realize that his architect has some rights in the matter, and he must be prepared to treat all matters in a reasonable way. And the architect must be tactful a thousand times a week. He must realize that the owner has purchased his skill and ability, and that these qualities, which have a marketable value, belong as much to his employer as the ground for which he has paid solid cash, that his house be built upon it. Mr. Andrew Carnegie once gave the real measure of success to a company of boys as trying to do all they were required to do by their employer and a little more. This is the best of advice to the architect. He must do all he can and a little more. He must not stop at the letter of his contract, but give full measure, heaped and running over. It is quite true that we have no body of public servants who so zealously insist on payment for their services as the architects. The records of their professional assemblies are filled with five per cent. discussions, and eloquent demands for more com- pensation. Let it be assumed they are underpaid—which has never yet been established—it is still true they must do everything they can to please their client, and must not stop when the letter of the requirements has been fulfilled. And the family must realize that the money spent on the new house is spent for their own personal benefit. The house is planned for them; it is being paid for by the money of the head of the house, who may have won it by hard toil or may have comfortably inherited it. It is a well meant, generous expenditure, whether the actual amount be large or small. The house finished, the family should immediately welcome its excellencies in the heartiest manner. It may not be flawless, something may have been omitted which should not have been left out, something may have been done which would better have been left undone; but it is now too late to change, and the wisest course is to be as pleasant about it as possible, and find as many good points as can be found, ignor- ing the deficiencies in the general thankfulness that the work is done at last. But the house will never be finished until the family has settled in it and a happy, pleasant family life begun there. A house must be lived in to realize the fullest measure of suc- cess. It must be as valued as a friend and so regarded. 388 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 “Windemere,’ the Summer Home of W. O. Underwood, Esq. Magnolia, Massachusetts T IS doubtful if a more picturesque or rugged bit of coast along the shores of Massachusetts could be found than that which forms the site of this inter- esting house which was built for W. O. Underwood, Esq., at Magnolia, Mass. It is really built overhanging the cliffs, and while the entrance front faces the road, and is on a line with it, its main front faces the ocean. It is constructed of stucco from the grade line to the peak, and of a soft gray color, while the trimmings are of cypress of a soft brown tone. | The entrance is direct from the road and the front is well broken by its many different windows in artistic designs. “The casement windows opening out, the arched window which gives light to the staircase and the dormer windows in the roof are all good features. The roof is shingled. Growing vines and rambler roses are growing over the stucco walls, while the group of shrub- bery at one corner of the house nearly hides the service entrance. The beauty of the house is not so much from the entrance side as where, overhanging the water, the broad veranda gives one magnificent views in every direction. ‘This veranda, supported by massive pillars of wood, is wide and spacious, and the floor is not, as is usually the case, covered with rugs, but it is well fitted with comfort- able piazza furniture. The interior of this house is suggestive of cheer, and while it is simple in its treatment, the home atmosphere prevails How a Veranda May Be Made Comfortable and Attractive The Dining-Room Has a Colonial Fireplace as soon as one crosses the threshold. The plan of the first floor presents practically one room. ‘The reception-room is trimmed with cypress, and has a low beamed ceiling and walls which are paneled. The broad, open fireplace shows a chimney-breast of glazed tiles, high up, and follows the cus- tom of old Colonial houses. At one end of the room is an ingle-nook furnished with a paneled seat. The dining-room, which opens from the reception-room, is finished with old English oak, while the wall hangings are of green. ‘The ceiling of this room is beamed and ribbed in a massive manner. The fireplace, of handsome de- sign, is built of brick which are laid in white mortar, while the hearth and the facings are of the same, and it also has a mantel with shelf supported on corbeled brackets. Over the shelf there is placed a rare old Colonial mirror, following the old-time set- tings of the Colonial rooms. At the end of this room, and partly screened from the main part of the room, is the staircase with its quaint balustrade rising up to the second floor. The butler’s pantry is fitted with the usual drawers, dressers and sink, and is complete, while the kitchen, with which it is connected, is furnished with all the best modern con- veniences and is well placed. The second floor contains the several sleeping-rooms, provided with large well fitted closets and bathrooms. The bed- rooms are finished in a simple but artistic manner, with white painted trim and a good color scheme. The bathrooms are fitted with porcelain fixtures and exposed nickel- December, 1905 AMERICAN EOMES AND GARDENS = —! — = => pe — — — —— =—4 The Quaint Cottage of W. O. Underwood, Esq., Magnolia, Massachusetts O E RVANTS PiReot J LOR PLAN 390 AMERICAN: HOMES AND .GARDENS December, 1905 ~— i Riingpine The Homelike Living-Room of the House plated plumbing. ‘The servants’ quarters are placed on the third floor; there is also ample storage space on this floor. There is a small cellar for the storage of fuel, etc., under- neath the kitchen part of the house. The It is a pleasant home, pleasantly designed and built in a charming spot. It is a homelike home. Mr. Ernest M. A. Machado, architect, 8 Cornhill Street, Boston, Mass. Sand Box By Ida D. Bennett VERY useful adjunct to the window garden during the summer months is found in the sand box. ‘There is always the question before us of what to do with our house plants during the summer months, especially those that, through the warm weather, are not desired for bedding purposes, are not especially orna- mental at this time of year, or those more or less tender seedlings that are being grown for winter use. For all these the sand box offers a most satisfactory solution. Almost any size box of convenient shape—not too wide to reach across and not more than five or six inches deep—will answer, the size depending upon the plants to be accom- modated, though this is an elastic estimate, as the number of plants are sure to increase through the summer beyond the bounds of one’s most liberal spring estimate. The box should be raised upon some kind of supports—sawhorses will do as well as anything—to a height convenient to reach across when sitting on a chair or stool. It must be filled with clean, white sand and kept constantly moist. The best general location for the sand box is on the south or east side of the house, according as the plants require much or little sunshine. | For such plants as geraniums, roses or i] coleuses the south side will be found favorable, for ferns and the like the north offers greater inducements; but for the general run of plants the east side, with some protection on the south, is the ideal situation. Plunge the plants deep in the sand showering every day. The space between the pots may be utilized for rooting cuttings. I have rarely found any cutting fail to root, and roses are especially sure—simply press them into the sand, press the sand closely around them and leave them until they show vigorous top growth, when they may be potted off or placed in a prepared bed. Gloxinia leaves laid on the surface of the sand—the stems caught under a pot—are sure to root, and should be left undisturbed until fall to form bulbs. Tuberous begonias, potted and plunged into the sand, bloom luxuriantly, as do also the Chinese hibiscus, crinums and many other sun and moisture loving plants. Aside from its convenience as a summer home for plants the sand box has the advantage of being out of the reach of predatory cats and dogs. It may be made attractive with trailing vines, and form a fascinating spot to the flower lover, and its general contributions to the winter garden will more than repay the trifling time spent in its care. December, 1905 Appliqué on Inexpensive AMERICAN HOMES AJIN DY -GAGR DENTS 391 Materials By Mabel Tuke Priestman NTIL a year or two ago the word ap- pliqué suggested e) luxury. Costly WI ZS) hangings embel- ARAN) lished with ap- pliqué were rarely ever seen by the average person. They were read of in books as adorning the mansions of the wealthy. The expensive materials upon which the work was done, and the enormous cost of labor expended in applying intricate designs, placed the hangings at a price far beyond the reach of the ordinary householder. Now we constantly run across good appliqué work which has been done in linens and mercerized cottons in excellent designs and which has en- tailed only a moderate amount of labor. Such work can be under- taken by many who wish to add to the beauty of the home. Most women have some skill with the needle and many have a natural taste in the choice and arrangement of colors. The charm of modern appliqué work lies in the use of good, bold designs and in the selection of simple and effective color- ings. The frank use of a wide stitch here and there gives a pleasing variety to the outline of a design. The knowl- edge of how to do appliqué work is really a combination of needlecraft and color sense, and is not at all hard to acquire. In many cases, especially where it is used for wall decora- SSO ¥ 7 SOP IT IKKE ‘, KR f\ An Arras Cloth Portiere with Tapestry Border Holland Tablecloth with Applique of Dull Green and Purple in Shaded Linen Tomato and Green Linen Leaves Applied on Holland tion, the design is first stenciled and then outlined with embroidery. This is also effective for portieres when it is felt that time can not be spared for more elaborate ornament. A bedspread of yellow linen, used in a yellow and brown bedroom, was made in five strips. All the seams were concealed by a stitching of heavy brown embroidery, which also hid the hem line, while a tiny tree ornament in outline appeared above the hem at the base of the valance. The same motif was repeated in the window curtains. Another decorative bit of needlework was shown in a table square, made for a craftsman’s dining-room, of white linen, on which corn-colored linen was appliquéd for the flower motif. A rich note of brown was introduced in the couch- ing which held the appliqué in place. One of the best ways of preparing designs for appliqué work is to trace the design upon the material to be used as the applique and fasten it securely with drawing pins on a table. ‘Then lay red or black transfer paper face down- ward upon the linen or muslin, or whatever material you are going to use. Place your design upon this, going over the lines firmly with a blunt instrument. After removing the paper, if the design is not sufficiently indicated go over it with a lead pencil. Then cut out the shapes and paste them lightly on the groundwork. It is best to sew them at once, Lattice Window, Showing a Novel Treatment of Curtain Ornaments as a Separate Border 392 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS before the ma- terial begins to fray, using cotton or silk exactly the color Yor ‘the ground. These stitches are after- ward covered by a cord or couched silks; when very neat workman- ship is required the edges are done in art or satin stitch. The child’s _—_coverlet and the tomato design were done in this way. Fora portiere it really An Arras Cloth Portiere that Can Be Quickly Made in Applique seems a waste of time, for if the de- sign was outlined by couched threads it would look quite as effective and take a great deal less time to do. The stems are worked in crewel stitch or stem stitch, as a rule, but every now and then designs can be seen with the stems formed by tiny silk cords. A child’s coverlet was made of two pieces of coarse Holland, the back of it being cut larger than the front and brought over and joined four inches from the edge. This is concealed, by a line all around it, of blue-green embroidery worked in satin stitch. The leaves and stems are cut in one piece and are made of olive-green linen. Some of the flowers are peach color, while some are a tomato red. ‘The flowers are all outlined in the deepest shade of red, worked also in art stitch, the leaves being outlined with the blue-green used on the hem line. This piece of work is very beautiful, though nearly the same effect could be gained by couching the outline. Couching is a thick strand of linen flax or crewels laid around the applied design, and stitched at regular intervals by threads crossing the couching line at right angles. Cord is applied in the same way. ‘The couching may be made of filoselle or embroidery silk, according to the texture of the material used. Some workers prefer the linen flax or mercerized cottons on coarse linens, but many find the silks easier to work; the effect is so much the same that it is best for the worker to use what she likes best to work with. A tray cloth would require a light couching stitched about one-quarter of an inch apart. On an arras cloth portiére with a large design the couching might have six strands of heavy linen flax and be stitched an inch apart. Stem stitch is the best stitch to use for stems and places where no appliqué is needed; it is simply a long stitch for- Child’s Coverlet on Holland with Green and Red Linen Applique December, 1905 ward on the surface of the material and a shorter one back on the under side, working from left to right. Art stitch or satin stitch is the same on both sides, and is done by passing the thread evenly from one outline of the pattern to the other. A design which can be adapted for sideboard cloths or portiéres is the one used as a curtain in a lattice window. It is made of cadet blue and deep olive linen on a ground of white, and is embroidered like the child’s coverlet. ‘This clever design was used on a portiére with the base of the de- sign forming a three-inch band of deep color on the side of the portiére, the same piece of linen forming the leaves and stem, while the fruit was of a contrasting color. I also used the same design enlarged for a frieze treatment on a blue arras cloth portiére. The appliqué was in two harmonizing shades of blue linen and was most attractive in a blue room with mahogany furniture. ‘The drawing is so simple an amateur who had little technical knowledge could take the design and draw it from the illustration. A cushion design on blue-gray linen had an applique of blue linen for the leaves couched with the same shade of linen flax. The bird was in ecru linen on a ground of blue a shade paler than the leaves. The de- sign can also be used as a stencil. A tablecloth of gray-blue had the groundwork left for the leaves, the ap- pliqué being one large piece of dull green linen. This was an intricate piece of work, as every leaf and all the green surrounding were outlined in satin stitch exactly the shade of the ground- work. It must have taken hours to make, and no doubt would have been just as beautiful with a couched edging. A curtain of arras cloth, with the design out- lined in cord, and the flower motif held in place by blanket stitch, shows what I mean by quick needlework giv- ing the effect of good _ appliqué work although re- quiring much less labor. An inex- pensive curtain can be made of green arras cloth with a_ tapestry border obtainable at any _ uphol- sterer’s. It has leaves and flowers. Cushion in Blue Linen and Table Cover in Green and Blue Linen December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND©* GARDENS 393 Principles of Home Decoration IV .—The Withdrawing-Room By Joy Wheeler Dow HERE the mechanism of an orthodox ménage—that is to say, a household with two or more servants, and where there is a fairly well maintained system of duties for all its inmates—is established in a suit- able architectural setting, not to say a man- sion, a withdrawing-room is not only proper but necessary—some room to which to withdraw after dinner or luncheon, or even after breakfast, as the case may be. But in the average American cottage it is doubt- ful if a withdrawing-room is just the thing, ‘ \» » Il aeeamy cate to call it so: Tsay “ with: drawing-room” because its shorter and more usual form—“ drawing-room ’’—has only one syllable less to commend it for convenience in speaking, while there are de- cided objections to its general adoption in lieu of the homely but very sensible “ living- room.” When I was a boy I always thought that a drawing-room was a draughting- room, and as I was fond of drawing I envied the possessors of those houses with such con- veniences very much. A drawing-room car was a car for the use of railroad engineers, and perhaps artists and architects while en route; and if my older brother did call me “a stupid”’ for entertaining such an idea, and had to explain to me that a drawing-room was merely the English equivalent for an American parlor,* I do not believe I was one bit more stupid than ninety-nine out of every one hundred American boys at that time, when, although all ‘ P y ¥ a. ay + : z ' co- = Ss is ’ % pt a 2—Of Course, Not Every Drawing-Room in Engl and is as Good as This 1—The Poor Taste of the Average American Parlor Americans were supposed to have studied the English gram- mar, few practised it in either speaking or writing, preferring ‘““you was” to “you were,” and “it was him” to “it was he,” without the slightest compunctions of conscience; and this, my dear reader, was the halcyon day of the great American parlor. I regret I have no illustration of this national apartment at the height of its universality. The old Pret Stewart mansion, which formerly stood at the corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-fourth Street, could have supplied an example of a most sumptuous parlor, but that is no more. Let me say, however, that of all the use- less, ugly and yet expensive conventions American society has invented or known our conventional parlor was the worst. And although we have gotten rid, to a great ex- tent, of the odious word, and when it seems too pretentious to say ‘ drawing-room ”’ we say ‘living-room’ instead, still the science of furnishing and decorating this apartment, so difficult to describe, appears to be even more difficult, judging from even our latest endeavors. There are few, indeed, good American withdrawing-rooms, and of these few I have but one at command for use in this paper. + If an American be prosperous in money * The Pullman Company used to defer to this American- ism and call their productions ‘‘ parlor cars,’’ until they sub- stituted the single word ‘‘ Pullman’’; but the Wagner Car Company’s manufactures were always called ‘* drawing- room cars.”” +1 will not say that Fig. 8 represents the best that has been achieved by American designers of drawing-rooms, but it is the best I have at my disposal for this article. 394 matters, why, Fig. 1 shows us the kind of thing for his withdrawing-room, living- room, reception-room or parlor he is apt to affect. “The furniture is all of it bad in de- sign, but the chair in the center of the pic- ture is the limit. There are two good fea- tures in this reception-room or parlor—the ceiling and door panels—and they should be noted as having fallen in with very detri- mental company. Yet chairs, tables and divans no better than these are daily adver- tised for sale by our leading furniture manu- facturers, and even exposed in shop windows along our best business thoroughfares. It is a curious fact that the American, so progressive in matters scientific, hygienic, and of inventive achievement, should be so ‘“dead slow ’”’ wherever art is concerned, and more especially in the art of the home. I have had otherwise cultivated people come to me as clients, through somebody’s advice, I imagine—an architect rarely obtains a commission from his shingle—who have simply no conception of good _ architec- ture, either exterior or interior, and who, apparently, have no desire to learn, for after I fancied I had them fairly enlightened and coached upon some rudimentary principles by dint of long and patient conversational tutelage, like as not they would ask me to inspect some very inferior cottage a carpenter and builder had constructed for a friend, AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 3—Here One May See Effort in the Righ. Direction Thwarted by that Strange Fatuity of the Average Householder in the Realm of Art or to see just such chairs, five o'clock tea tables, divans and anomalous windows with transoms, as we have in Fig. 1. Now just compare, if you will, this American parlor proposition with an Old World drawing-room (see Fig. 2, borrowed from English Country Life). Of course, not 4—The King’s Hall December, 1905 5— A Very Expensive and Very Vicious Table with Chairs to Match every drawing-room in England is as good as this one; but there is no doubt about it, the English people look more at home in their drawing-rooms than do we in our parlors. Be they elaborate or plain, there is usually the good single idea pervading the whole scheme of appointments, and which we habitually lose sight of, and consequently lack (see Fig. 3). Here we have an example of the point in question—some really good pieces of furniture and some really good home ideas hobnobbing again with vicious and degenerate com- pany. Here we may see effort in the right direction thwarted by that strange fatuity of the average American in the realm of household art. Compare, if you will, again this ter- rible mixture with the delicious peace and quiet which reign supreme in the King’s Hall at Hoghton Tower, in Lancashire, England (Fig. 4). For the life of me I can not understand why Americans, with all their educational advantages, still pre- fer the chairs and tables of Fig. 1 to those we see in use in Fig. 4. Note the gate table, the exquisite turning of its legs and its delightful lines generally. Probably there is not a gate table—which is a dif- ficult piece of furniture to find in Amer- ica, anyway—to be had in New York city with half as beautiful detail. But the salesman you meet at the door of the furniture warehouse uptown will hardly know what a “ gate table ”’ is; but he will show you “‘a very fashionable table,” he will tell you, instead. Its counterpart you may see in the center of picture No. 5, with chairs to match. The wonder is, who buys it? Before me, as I write, there is a gate table I have just purchased for twenty- five dollars. It is a small table, and plain beside the raving, tearing beauty in the AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 395 King’s Hall at Hoghton Tower. And it is very old and dilapidated—needs a thorough overhauling—and yet [ would not exchange my table for the splendid Empire example shown in Fig. 6, with the gas logs thrown in to boot. For the love of goodness, and in hopes of a blessed resurrection, ‘don’t never buy gas logs!’ (acknowledgments to old Com- modore Vanderbilt), even if you do have the money to pay for them. But Fig. 6 is a very creditable Empire interior, barring the terrible contrivance for holding exotics, to the left of the picture, and the flounced lamp shade. These are the insane notes that characterize this interior, varnished as a2 piano case is varnished, as howlingly modern and American, so that by no stretch of the imagination could one fancy him- self a visitor to Fontainebleau as a guest of the first Napoleon. To decorate, then, the withdrawing-room—or, if one’s house be just a very humble aftair, the living-room—which should always have some kind of doors to make it distinct and separate from the hall, eschew piano-top effects, except for the piano itself, for all highly varnished surfaces tend to defeat the purposes of every-day usage; at least they make us feel uncomfortable, even if we have the means to re- varnish again, for scratches are always unsightly and dis- orderly. Choose the dull waxed finishes for your living- room; as with the dining-room, don’t affect a severely pro- nounced style. That is the underdone way of decorating. And don’t go in for the latest cult, such as we have in Mission furniture, so-called. Mission furniture, while good in many respects, has been vulgarized by fashion. Don’t try to have the furniture all match. Really good, historical pieces of furniture rarely clash with one another. Note the different chairs in Fig. 2. I trust this perhaps dangerous advice will not lead you to select as many inharmonious things as we have in Fig. 3. Better err upon the other side, and have too few things, even to a sense of emptiness; for nothing is more fatal to a successful living-room than crowding and confusion. I have one good example of an American living- room (see Fig. 7), and I have kept it till the last, for the lasting impression. I have no idea whose living-room it is, nor who designed it and furnished it, but it is “all right,” and as an object lesson may help the cause of the principles of home decoration more than anything further I can think of to say for the moment. A 6—Highly Varnished Surfaces Tend to Defeat the Purposes of Every-Day Usage 396 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 8—A Good Type of Drawing-Room in a Seaside Home December, 1905 Ss tele hg as Od December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS The Sea of Salton NK Cr HE mysterious sea of Salton has again appeared. The great sink, two hundred and eighty feet below the level of the sea, in which stand the towns of Indio and Salton, is receiving vast streams of water, and where a few months ago men were working only the top of a large warehouse is seen and a sea stretches away to the horizon. Of all the desert phenomena the so-called Salton Sea is the most remarkable. This vast basin is the last end of the desert before one reaches the divide near San Jacinto mountain and plunges down into southern Cali- fornia. It is a depression two hun- dred and eighty feet, more or less, below sea level, and for many square miles about it there is a general dip in that direction. If water breaks out of the Colorado and obtains good headway, it runs, not south to the gulf, but northwest toward Salton. Salton is a vast salt bog, remarkable for its salt. A large building has been erected there and salt made for many years in the lowest portion of the pit, nearly three hundred feet below the level of the Gulf of Cali- fornia. This is a most interesting country. The man who keeps his eyes open soon observes strange things. He sees an old beach, masses of shells; along the foot of the range a long, decided line, suggesting an ancient water line. He finds curious rock inclosures reaching out into the desert By Charles F. Holder from the mountains that look as though they were made to hold fish. He discovers various remains of marine animals, and it dawns upon him that sometime the Salton basin, so far below sea level, has been a sea bed filled with water and possibly a part of the Gulf of California, or Cortez, as it should be called. If you talk with the Indians they will tell you that long ago a big sea came in and filled the basin and swept their tribe back into the furnace-like mountains. About ten years ago the Indians of the Salton salt works began to grow discontented. Some threw up their work and left, others followed, and the big salt plant was in a fair way to become deserted. The Indians told the white men that once, many ages ago, the water had suddenly filled the basin; they had a legend to the effect that it would occur again, and a runner from the great river had told them to flee—that it was coming. ‘The white men at the sink paid no attention to this, but the Indians began to leave in greater numbers, and finally the works shut down. It was learned that a mysterious rise of water was taking place in the basin. In a short time the entire area became a sea, and no one could explain why. The extraordinary appearance of this sea, covering many square miles, created a sensation, and it was believed that the gulf had claimed its own and that a permanent inland sea had been established. ‘The drear mountains of the desert from the railroad now appeared to be standing in the water, and the mirage added to the strangeness of the scene. Indian runners were sent out by the white people, and several enter- prising men imported boats and followed up the stream, which was found to be pouring in and eating up the desert. For weeks the mystery continued. Great clouds hovered over the region, rising one thousand feet into the air, and the report gained credence that this fresh water sea would change and render humid the atmosphere, and all southern Cali- fornia would become tropical. None of these things happened. The water poured in for weeks, the sea of Salton increased; but when the Colorado River went down the supply ceased, and in a few months A Munister Making Adobe Brick Sun-Dried at a Temperature of 130 Degrees, with which to Build a Church. The Present Church is Seen in the Background, and is Called ‘‘ Grace and Glory Land” 398 ee eer, Pn Ea a The Salton Salt Works, now Forty Feet under Water the thirsty desert drank up the water and the desert reigned again. It was found at this time that the Rio Colorado had broken its banks between Yuma and the gulf, and the water had poured into an old river bed not far from the line and had entered the bed of what was known as New River. From here it ran south to a dry lake, about fifty miles southwest of Yuma, about midway to the delta, then striking the dip toward Salton flowed northwest seventy-five or eighty miles, crossing the line into California, flowing parallel to the mountains. Finally, increasing in vigor, it found its way into the sink of Salton and covered it, forming a sea one hundred and forty-five miles in extent. Another river, called a branch of New River, was formed at this time that skirted the old shell or sea beach from Cook’s Wells past Seven Wells, forming two great lakes, and finally flowing into Salton. It was evident that this was not a new phenomenon, and that it would occur again when conditions were right. “The expedition that determined the cause of the inflow was under the charge of a man named Patton. Up to this time an Indian had been sent out, a famous runner, to run around the sea, but he failed, as did a party of miners in a boat. They traveled one hundred miles, then returned, fear- ing that they would be stranded. Patton began at Yuma, sailed down the river in a skiff, with a tem- perature of 112 degrees in the shade. Fourteen miles below Yuma he found a break, which he entered, then passed into a slough, and after fourteen miles of that came out into a large lake near the little Indian AMERICAN HOMES The Desert Sand Blown Up by the Wind. to Reach Salton Sink AND GARDENS December, 1905 camp of Sigeno, from which a number of rivers were carrying water to the northwest. In a word, he had struck the beginning of the sink toward Salton. The appearance of the country here baffled description. It was evi- dent that the desert was being licked up and the entire face of the land washed away. The main stream was twelve feet deep, and appeared to be rushing in every direction, giving the country the appearance of a vast and changing delta. The party saw the tops of tall mes- quit trees above the surface at points, and the old Yuma stage road to San Diego was fifteen feet under water. Fifty miles from Yuma in a direct line, but after sailing one hundred and fifty miles of detours and runs, the navigator shot by the old stage station of Alamo Muchos. Ten miles from here he met another stream, half a mile wide and twenty feet deep. It was most erratic; now moving slowly, then without warning rushing on with fright- ful force. Suddenly the river turned and flowed in the direc- tion of Yuma, coming out in a few miles into a large lake, where the water spread away, shutting out the desert com- pletely. The stream often divided and became several rivers, forming here dangerous rapids and falls where it cut through the sand dunes. In some places the walls of the stream were one hundred feet high; again, just at the surface but every- where, the soft treacherous sand was being eaten up—swal- lowed by the devastating water. Suddenly the boat was seized by a mad current, whirled about, tossed into an enormous whirlpool, capsizing it, most The Water Cut its Way through the Sand Hills December, 1905 of the provisions being lost. They soon passed into a lake twenty-five miles square, dotted here and there with dark objects which proved to be the tops of trees. Leaving this lake by a river flowing west, they narrowly escaped a sheer fall of eighteen feet. This necessitated landing, and the boat was pulled upon the beach and the party camped here all night, observing in the morning a remarkable illustration of the illusive nature of the sand. The fall which they had landed to avoid in six hours had traveled half a mile up- stream. The current was now a small edition of the Niagara River. The body of water under full force was running down the desert hill, carrying the skiff into the Salton Sea. Here it stranded on treacherous quicksand, and for hours the men worked to reach solid land under a temperature of 120 or 130 degrees. The scene was terrifying. The heat caused great evaporation, and mists were constantly rising and strange mirages forming everywhere, out of which the distant mountains rose. After a vast amount of labor the plucky boatmen reached the salt works, having demonstrated AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 399 each side, is covered with water. At the desert town of Calixico there is a rushing river, a third of a mile wide and fifteen feet deep. The Salton River is equally large, and it is estimated that each is carrying over ten thousand feet a second into the Salton Sea. What the extent of damage will be can not be told. There are no bridges left in the region except those belonging to the railroad; the flood has made a clean sweep. The trouble is due to the extraordinary rise of the Rio Colorado, and gangs of men are working on the river with pile drivers and sand bags endeavoring to divert the water, and as the river is going down the worst, possibly, is over. The Colorado has been known to rise thirty-three feet, and its flow at this time was 35,000 cubic feet per second. The writer crossed it when it was twenty-two feet high, a raging, yellow torrent, menacing in its velocity, changing the face of the country for miles. The railroad property threatened be- longs to the Southern Pacific, which runs twenty-eight miles two hundred and sixty-seven feet below sea level at this point. A Typical Desert Scene that the Salton Sea came from the overflow of the Rio Colorado through New River, making one of the most ex- citing trips ever made west of the Colorado. This was ten years ago. Since then the water has dis- appeared and the salt works have been in operation; but again the Indians have taken to the mountains, and from Mount San Jacinto the eye rests upon a vast sea, which stretches away, covering many square miles of the desert, and is rushing down into the strange pit or sink with great velocity. Investigation has shown that a mighty stream, two hundred feet wide, is passing through the intake or canal of the California Development Company, so finding its way through several streams to the Salton Sea, that is rapidly creeping up and seriously threatening property on what has been considered safe ground. The writer inter- viewed a Yuma resident recently who had just come from across the desert. Colorado River through which water was running, and from other sources it is learned that a triangle, ninety miles on He said there were several breaks in the’ Through such Sand as this the Rio Colorado Has Made its Way. The Curious Structure is a Church There are nine miles of track from two hundred to two hun- dred and fifty feet below sea level, six miles between one hun- dred and one hundred and fifty feet below, five miles between fifty and one hundred feet below, and about four miles fifty feet below, all of which would be at the bottom of a deep sea if the gulf should claim its own at any time, which is not within the possibilities. The total mileage of the rail- road below the sea level is 60.3 miles. The bottom of the lake about three miles from the end of the salt deposit is 280.8 feet below the level of the sea. This, in all probability, will be the last Salton Sea. The lower part of the desert has been settled, the towns of Im- perial, Calixico and others have been established, and large and varied crops raised wherever water is introduced by canals; and so much capital has been invested here that before next year the banks of the Colorado will be closed to further floods, and the Salton Sea, dissipated in the hot air of the desert, will become a memory, to be told to generations to come as a modern flood. 400 The Adventures of a Woman Who Hunts Big Game in the West NJ OR the city man and woman modern big ‘Ai game hunting is one of the most expensive sports. [he encroachments of man have driven the small remnant of big game into far fields, where it can be reached only by costly journeys. Guides and helpers are nec- essary, and they charge well for their services, though not more than they are worth. Camp outfits are expensive, espe- cially when women are in the party. As for horses it is cheapest to buy them outright, before starting, and take chances of selling them on returning from the trip. Only a tenderfoot will equip himself with elaborate guns and natty togs, but no one goes hunting nowadays without a camera; and enthusiasts who know the importance of a good lense often spend hundreds of dollars on their photographic outfits. For these reasons one woman, who has won in the wildest parts of this country big game trophies which sportsmen envy, has carried off the palm of feminine experience in out- door life. She is Mrs. W. E. Bemis, of New York and Larchmont Manor. Naturally, big game hunting is a phase of outdoor life available to women only when some man of the family acts as a companion; and in Mrs. Bemis’ case that companion was her husband. The Jackson Hole country, Wyoming, is the first place recommended to the seeker after big game. The tenderfoot may never have heard of the place before, but if he becomes possessed of the desire to own an elk head, obtained by his PA UO Ae ee OLE ie Making a Pie in the Camp AMERTCAN “RVOME'S AND GARDENS December, 1905 With Some Practical Suggestions to the Woman Who Camps By Myra Emmons personal skill, and begins to inquire how, he will soon be talking fluently of Jackson Hole and the Teton Mountains, because that region is the great feeding ground of the elk. They have been killed off in other parts of the country, but Jackson Hole is south of Yellowstone Park, where all wild animals are perpetually protected by law. Under this pro- tection their numbers increase, and many of them stray out- side of the Park, thus stocking the adjacent regions, and especially Jackson Hole. Once beyond the Park, the animals become, in proper season, legitimate game for sportsmen. To Jackson Hole, therefore, Mr. and Mrs. Bemis made their first trip for elk. Mountain travel on horseback is fatiguing and often perilous for men, and much more so for women. Guides insist that the women shall ride astride; and the city woman, new to the dangers, is only too glad to safe- guard herself in every possible way. ‘Trails lie straight up the mountains, over down timber, jagged rocks, foaming streams, jutting crags and precipitous canyons. ‘The worst feature of a climb in the Rocky Mountains is the slide rock, a shale that breaks off in slabs of all sizes, which slip around over one another with the most alarming and treacherous ease, making progress a fearful strain on the horses as weil as taxing the nerves of the rider. Besides, there is always the possibility that a horse may slip back down the trail, carrying himself and rider to a frightful death. Mrs. Bemis’ first chance for a shot came after she had spent an entire day in the saddle and was exhausted, but she insisted on trying for it, which is probably more than many Frozen In December, 1905 men would have attempted. She started down the canyon with one guide, her husband and the other guide remaining to make camp. It took an hour to get down, the horses cautious, yet slipping and stumbling in the dusk. At one place they crossed a bog punctured with gopher holes. A step in one of them would mean a broken leg for the horse and unknown misery for all the party. At the foot of the canyon the riders dismounted, tied their horses, shed their coats and all possible impedimenta, and climbed to the ridge where the elk had been seen. ‘The strain, heat and dust of such a climb are indescribable, but once up Mrs. Bemis was near enough for a shot. Dark as it was in the twilight, her first one found its mark. Before the guide could finish dressing the buck, which proved to be a nine-pointer, the chill of the mountain night was upon them. The camp was at least seven miles away. It was hours, and the inky dark, before a wearied, bruised, half-frozen, aching hunstwoman came within sight of the camp fire; and when she crawled into her bed after supper it was with the firm conviction that she would never be able to rise again. At daylight, however, she was up again and after the other elk which the law allowed her. He proved to be a twelve-point bull, with massive antlers. But that is, after all, noth- ing for a wom- an who is a natural shot, and has a rec- ord at the trap wetg clay birds out of Pee at. 25 yards’ rise. Mr. and Mrs. Bemis made one hunting trip with Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Thompson Seton into what is known as the Clearwater country, in the Bitter Root Mountains of Idaho. The traveling in that region is indescribably rough. Wyoming is a peaceful val- ley compared with Idaho. No tenderfoot should ever make his first hunting trip in that district unless he has extreme powers of endurance. In her attempt to get a bear Mrs. Bemis was left alone, one afternoon, on a mountain side, while the men pursued a wounded bear. While she was waiting a huge cinnamon bear walked out from the bushes, twenty feet in front of her, his jaws dripping with the juice of sarvis berries, his head swaying from side to side. She thought he was the wounded one, and that he had been driven around in a circle. Half paralyzed by his sudden appear- ance she fired five shots at the huge, lumbering bulk without AMERICAN HOMES Experiences in the Jackson Hole Hunting Region AND GARDENS 401 any effect. “Iwo more shells were left in her rifle. As she drew down on him with desperate determination for the next shot he loped off into the bushes and disappeared. Evi- dently he had not located the direction of the shots and was simply seeking to escape under cover. It might have been a relief to see him go, but realizing that she was alone on the side of an almost perpendicular mountain covered with slide rock, and that she was surrounded by five bears, one of them wounded, also that she must remain until the men should return to find her, in sheer desperation she made all the noise she could to keep off the enemy, rolling rocks down the moun- tain and calling. She was thus engaged when she heard the shouts of the returning men. On the Idaho trip Mr. and Mrs. Bemis tried hard to bag a mountain goat, which means the highest and most dangerous climbing _ that can be imag- ined. It may also mean sleeping all night near the summit, with- out food, tent, bedding or other protec- tion than a soli- tary blanket; blistered feet, aching bones, terrifying haz- ards, torturing heat on the climb during the day, and at night a bed in a snowbank; and, alas! it usually means a vain quest. “One of our most alarming experiences,’ said Mrs. Bemis, ‘‘ was a ride we were forced to take through a burn- ing forest. On every side the flames snatched at us, and, worst of all, from the ground. Burning logs lay across the trail, and over them the horses had to step or jump. A log two feet in diameter, covered with leaping flames, does not make an alluring hurdle. My horse took them bravely and steadily, but I was afraid my skirt would catch fire, and I was kept busy holding it away from the flames. I was also afraid my horse’s tail would be burned, and I kept watching to save him from that. ‘‘ Burning trees were falling all around us, across the trail and in every direction. The guides went ahead of us, strik- ing the trees we were to pass to see if they were yet ready to fall, and to guard, if possible, against our being struck by one on its descent. Even with that precaution we were liable 402 AMERICAN HOMES peat eee ae After a Hard Day of Unsuccessful Hunting to be killed by the crash of some large burning trunk. We rode thus for hours, and when we finally reached the open we were exhausted. ‘“ When we went back over the same trail later, after the fire had completed its ravages and died out, we found the route almost impassable. The trail was blocked at almost every step by fallen trees lying in every direction. Any one of them might have given us a death blow.” The riding costume which this daring woman wears in the mountains is a divided skirt of gray or brown covert cloth and a shirt waist. Her regular hunting suit is of corduroy trimmed with flat bands of soft leather, which also serve to reinforce it; but corduroy is too heavy for the divided skirt, which is partly double. Each suit is made with a jacket; but these are seldom worn, as a knit woolen jersey blouse is the ideal garment to slip on over a shirt waist. Knickers are also useful at times. A heavy felt hat, with a wide, stiff brim, is the best headgear to wear when riding through woods or brush, as the brim is a great protection to the face. In the open the wide brim is a nuisance, for it catches all the wind. It should then be discarded for a smaller hat of soft felt with just enough brim to shield the eyes from the sun. A woman who would hunt big game must be alert and uncomplaining. Men usually take her under protest, or, at best, with serious apprehensions; hence she must not only refrain from adding to their cares, but she must prove herself a source of joy by being quick to see and point out Fantail Camp, on Bear Creek GARDENS December, 1905 every attractive feature of the trip. She must be ready for any emergency and must have a disposition that saints will envy. In return she gets a new stock of health and vigor and a new point of view toward the world. The Modern Entomologist THE modern entomologist has become one of the most valuable and important agents of modern life. The elder folk of to-day, who recall the insect-collecting epochs of their early youth, no doubt re- gard the evolution of the contemporary ‘insect man ’’ as one of the marvels of our time. And quite rightly. The modern en- tomologist knows many things which his Ready to Leave Goat Camp predecessors did not dream of. He knows how useful some insects are and he is keenly alive to the dangers of others. His work in both fields has been of extraordinary value and utility. The study of the insect world has yielded great results, and future researches promise to be even more notable and sensational in the facts that will be dis- covered and the good that will follow. In- sects are now pitted against other insects. The dangerous qualities of such insects as mosquitoes have been established beyond controversy. The insect kingdom has not yet been mastered. ‘here is much still to learn, many facts yet to be discovered, foes unearthed, remedies applied; but the whole tendency of modern entomological work is forward in a very true sense, with notable returns and work of incalculable value achieved. December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 403 Science for the Home Winter Sanitation SSS BEN HE observance of sanitary rules are apt to “N\ be considered more pressing in summer than in winter, yet it is quite as essential to be on guard against sanitary dangers in the cold season as in the warm months. ‘The venti- lation problem, for example, 1 is much more difficult of solution in winter than in summer, and is fre- quently neglected altogether. Most houses are ventilated in the summer without any care, and often without any thought; the windows are open constantly: what more can be needed? Perhaps little enough at that season, but the situation is very different in winter, when the windows must be kept closed and when many houses are all but hymetrically sealed. An expensively-built house will be provided with the means of artificial ventilation which will permit the interior air to be kept in good condition without trouble; but a house with- out any ventilation system needs to be thoroughly aired daily. This airing should be ample and sufficient, the free air blow- ing through the rooms long enough to effect a complete change and remove all unpleasant odors. The kitchen odors must be entirely eradicated or the house will seem offensive to every one coming into it. It is an unfortunate truth that many houses are insuficiently aired and ventilated in the winter months, because a complete airing of the rooms is deemed unnecessary or from a mistaken fear of catching cold. That the heating system is essentially connected with the ventilation of the house is well understood. Most houses depend on the heating apparatus for their winter ventilation. In this connection it may be pointed out that it is essential that the outdoor air brought into the house through the heater be obtained from a pure source, and that all sources of foulness be removed from around the intake. The house should not be overheated, a common error which is seldom avoided, but the neglect of which unquestionably occasions much disease. [hat most houses are too dry in winter was pointed out in this department last month. The structure of the house does not escape attention at this season. Windows and doors must be in good condition. If the situation is exposed double windows will be required on the windy sides. ‘This is the time of year that the roofs are submitted to their severest tests, although the most dif_i- cult season may be that of the thaws in spring. But the householder who has neglected his roofs before the winter sets in will find that he has practised a false economy, and will doubtless spend some painful hours in trying to correct errors that can not be well corrected in the cold season. That water pipes, heater pipes and even gas pipes will freeze at any time is lamentably likely to happen in the best ordered household. | Much can be done by proper foresight, and nothing should be left undone that might in any way help in the avoidance of these most awkward of all domestic catastrophies. If a house is closed during the winter an expert plumber or sanitarian should be called in, that everything be left in proper shape. It will often be found as necessary to prepare the plumbing for the winter as any other part of the house is prepared, and the money spent for this purpose is often well spent. Sewer gas is very liable to be generated in un- used plumbing apparatus, and too much care can not be taken to avoid it. Fires in Country Homes No house, however well built, is absolutely proof against fire. The fireproof house is no longer a theoretical struc- ture, it is true, and many houses are built either on the fire- proof or slow-burning system; but every house contains large quantities of inflammable material; there is danger from the heater, or carelessness in the kitchen; the electric wiring may be improperly insulated; there are many ways in which the best of houses may suffer injury from fire, and a very serious and real problem that confronts every owner of a country home is protection against fire. In many cases this must be a personal protection; that is to say, one for which the owner is personally responsible, a protection service installed by himself and manned and ap- plied by his own people. This is particularly true of isolated houses, situated at some distance from any fire station, and wholly dependent on local or immediate sources of water supply. The volunteer fire departments, while unquestionably the best that many vital communities can afford, are inherently deficient in the efficiency of a paid force. The members are scattered; they can not immediately respond to calls made upon them; they may not even be at home when the alarm is given; the alarm system itself may be inefficient; the ap- paratus may not be kept up to date; there may not be sufh- cient hose; there are many serious criticisms that can be made of these organizations, although the intentions of the mem- bers and subscribers may be of the best, and the protection intended to be given arranged on the most available plan. The faults are not the faults of the volunteers, but of the system under which they necessarily labor. Owners of large houses, therefore, will do well to provide their own fire apparatus, at least to a considerable extent. There should be a double water supply, one within and one without the house. There should be an ample supply of hose and a number of chemical fire extinguishers. A ladder mounted on wheels and kept outside the house may be found necessary at critical times. There should be force pumps for directing streams of water against the fire. In short, every reasonable and proper protection should be arranged for. Perhaps even more important than the apparatus is the knowledge of its use. It is quite useless to supply apparatus if it is not known how it will be used. Fire drills are there- fore important, especially if a large number of servants are kept. Every man should know just what is expected of him in such an emergency and just what he is to do. ‘The drills should include the actual use of the apparatus as well as the part each one is expected to take. In smaller houses less elaborate provision against fire will be made, but only because of the expense of installing much apparatus. In any event, every country house should be pro- vided with some sort of fire extinguishing apparatus which is at least as effective as far as it goes. It should be conveniently placed and its workings understood by every one. 404 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 The Garden The Garden Month by Month—December HE end of the calendar year serves to strengthen the impression that the flower gardener has been gathering during the past month, that for him and for her there is little rest. The flower lover must be con- sistent and love her flowers the whole year. There are no periods of rest, no times of respite. ‘The work varies from month to month; in one month it will be more laborious than others, but there is always something to do, always care to be expended, always trouble to be taken. To the genuine flower lover these are matters of small moment, yet it is well to refer to them, since not a few per- sons have the notion that flower-growing is an easy art, an occupation for delicate women or fragile old folk. Nothing could be further from the truth; for it is a laborious, constant task, entailing work at all seasons, and in season and out of season. It has, however, superb recompenses, and _ these more than compensate for any effort put forth. The winter months are trying times to the amateur flower grower, especially to those who have no good or proper place in which to rear plants. House plants, even of the commonest sorts, are difficult to maintain through the cold weather. There are two causes which render house culture exceedingly difficult. One is the presence of gas within the house, with which must be joined the absence of moisture; and the other is the great difference which may exist in the temperature of the rooms in day and night, or even in dif- ferent days. It is impossible to suggest remedies for these matters Winter WHEN unable to work in the garden—think about it. There is no better advice for the winter months, and there is nothing more agreeable that one can do. ‘The great aim of garden making is the creation of beauty. There is no such thing as failure in garden-making, for any garden which is not a success is not a garden at all, but a failure. It is a very sad failure, too, for its ill-success is visible evidence of neglected opportunities. Moreover, the most discouraged of us would fain hide one’s failures and not blazen them forth to the world. The unsuccessful garden, unfortunately, may readily be seen. Now, to make a garden a success it is necessary to care- fully plan every part of it. Just as the architect will draw out every detail of the house he is building before the founda- tions are dug, so the garden-maker must think out his plans, commit them to paper, criticise them, perhaps begin afresh, and so on with continual labor and improvement, hoping that each new change will be a betterment, and not discour- aged because his paper plans can be thrown to one side and new ones begun without any special loss. If one happens to be a beginner there is a host of things to learn. And there are many ways in which this knowledge may be acquired. Too many. One speedily feels for the books, papers, magazines and catalogues which are dedicated to the garden art are filled to the brim with fascinating infor- mation—so fascinating that one’s modest dreams are speedily shattered, and on their crumbling fragments are reared gardens of ravishing beauty destined to rival those of legend which will have any universal application, or which will be generally or specifically effective. The single, practical sug- gestion that is available is to do the best that can be done. Gas is readily detected by most persons, but human beings appear able to survive its injurious effect more easily than plants do. When a house is heated by hot air, special pains must be taken to immediately get rid of coal gas the moment it comes up into the rooms or serious and permanent injury will be inflicted upon the plants. A proper supply of moisture is more difficult to regulate, since the importance of this feature of the winter house is less understood and less generally regulated. Few plants will survive a winter in a dry atmosphere. It is a matter that can not be regulated by merely pouring water on the pots and is a difficult subject at all times. Variations in temperature are also difficult to control. Most houses are colder at night than in the daytime. The relationship this bears to plants is simply that some will sur- vive quite radical changes, while others will not. Delicate plants will rarely survive many changes of temperature, no matter how well other conditions may be met. House plants, even with the best of care, easily wear out and become unfit for use. This applies in large houses, where there are house gardeners, as well as to more modest surroundings. It is always a safe rule not to try to keep too many plants over the winter, and especially not to expect too much life from them. It is a pity to discard a good plant; but even a few weeks of association with it will give satis- faction, and the next venture may be more successful. Work and poetry. ‘The garden enthusiast soon becomes a garden dreamer. He fills his garden with all sorts of beautiful, rare plants, plants difficult to grow, plants of unusual character, but all so easy—once one has the knack of raising them and the patience to follow the cultural directions. All this is an agreeable pastime for the winter months, but before the snows and frosts have thawed away it will be well to come down to mother earth, dispense with the intoxication of flower dreams, and reduce one’s ideas to a careful order, keeping well within the beaten track and not trying too much. In a second or a third year more may be done; but as a starter, try as little as you can. In practical work the garden maker finds little to do in the winter. ‘The growing plants should be carefully watched and an occasional glance given to the dry roots in the cellar. Growing plants that are developing should be turned from time to time to insure symmetrical growth. Dead leaves should be taken off; parts that seem to promise undue de- velopment should be pinched; little water is needed, but the plants should not be permitted to dry out. Hanging plants, which always need more water than those in pots, should be dipped and allowed to absorb all they can. Sunshine should be permitted abundantly, the plants being moved if all do not receive an equal share. Do not water the roots of cannas or dahlias, and cut off promptly any diseased parts of canna roots. A keen watch must be kept for insect pests at all seasons and must be got rid of at all costs. This last is the most tiresome kind of garden work but the most necessary. December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 405 Civic Betterment Private Work for the Public Good HE doing of public work at private expense, a work which benefits the person who meets the cost, as well as the general public which is benefited by it, raises some interesting questions. Ave such expenditures justified? If a wealthy property owner desires some piece of public work performed, a street or road laid out, a job of paving, a row of trees planted, or any sort of work which while useful to him is also of permanent benefit to others or to a locality, a very obvious way is to have it done at his own cost. ‘The method is obvious, of course, to those who do not have to foot the bill, but the wisdom of per- mitting such undertakings can readily be questioned. Every community has a responsibility to itself. The fundamental idea of local self-government is that the local body shall duly care for the lives and property included within the limits of its powers. The political body must assume full responsibility for everything committed to it. This responsibility is avoided if public improvements are left to the initiative of private parties, be their intentions what they may. The question behind such work is really larger than the immediate necessity of having it done. That may be urgent enough, and from the point of view of the benefactor pro- posing the betterment it may be exactly the thing he most wishes to do. Operations of this sort lead to the pauperiza- tion of communities. The avoidance of responsibility be- comes a public policy, and instead of general progress there is general retardation. The rich man becomes wearied of continually benefiting a community that shows no disposition to help itself. Public ONE of the most interesting phases of a better civic life is indicated by the increased attention given by many Amert- can communities to providing opportunities for free recrea- tion as an essential part of the public expenditures and hence as an essential part of the public life. The progress made in this direction in the last few years has been remarkable. It is a movement that has had development in a number of direc- tions, most of which have been without any related thought, and yet the sum total, as represented by public appropria- tions and by opportunities afforded, has reached handsome proportions and represents a vast amount of opportunities for good which may be freely availed of by every one at no individual cost. Some figures representing the annual expenditures of the city of New York for recreation purposes will show how far this movement has progressed in the metropolis and explain how varied are the interests concerned: For music in the parks, $50,924; music on recreation piers, $70,206; main- tenance of recreation piers, $74,574; Central Park menageries, $30,500; Bronx Zoological Garden, $134,905 ; Aquarium, $41,500; Brooklyn Museum, $70,000; Metro- politan Museum of Art and American Museum of Natural History, $310,000; Harlem Speedway, $18,600; play- grounds, baths, etc., in parks, $61,000; other bathing and swimming facilities, $165,540. [hese figures do not include expenditures for parks, recreation expenditures by the Board of Education, and other items which might properly be in- A very different class of benefactions includes gifts to a community. [he donor of a park bears exactly the same relationship to a community as the donor of a picture to an art gallery, or the donor of a statue to a town. All are benefactors, all do good in making their gifts, and all are alike entitled to the grateful thanks of the community which accepts their offerings. There are few public benefactions more useful or more noble than the gift of a public park, and it is an interesting fact that such gifts are becoming much more frequent than was formerly the case. It is a fine indication of good public interest in the outdoor life. Public improvements of personal benefit chiefly are to be ranked in a different class. A man who arranges a great estate at some distance from the line of communication must necessarily build roads for his own special use. Such roads may remain private highways for many years, but if used by the public at large are public works of more or less general importance. They constitute an expense that may rightly be expected of a landowner, since no one save himself is especially interested in them or is served by them. No community should undertake a public improvement and leave its completion to private hands. This is a par- ticularly ignoble thing to do, yet it is frequently happening in very excellent localities. Public improvements are some- times permitted to drag along so long that people grow tired of them and put the unfinished streets and squares in order to get rid of the unsightly sights. It is a very mean piece of public “ graft,” and quite uncalled-for. Self-respect is quite as necessary in matters of this kind as in personal af- fairs. The community can not afford to accept gifts that may entail unexpected returns at some future time. Sport cluded under this general head, but they illustrate sufficiently the very large appropriations New York makes toward this end, as well as the varied interests represented in this ex- penditure. As a matter of fact, the recreation facilities freely afforded the people in New York are much more extensive, since private enterprise has not lagged behind public leadership, and in a number of cases the public appropriation has super- seded and expended moneys previously provided by private means. The exhibit is an interesting one in itself and also as an indication of a very pronounced modern tendency. It means a positive recognition of the value of sport and play in civic life. It means that play as well as work is recognized, and handsomely recognized, as having distinct civic worth. It means that not only the children but the grown folk as well must have opportunities for healthful recreation in our crowded cities, recreation that they can not supply themselves with alone, but for which public opportunities must be provided. It is a movement of the utmost significance, because it indicates a new departure in public life, a new conception of the relationship that should exist between the municipality and the people who live in it. It would be too much to commend all the disbursements of New York under this head as wise and good, but the underlying idea is of the very best. It is noble work that, within certain somewhat narrow limits, is well done. ‘The future, in this direction, is very bright. 406 The AMERICAN HOMES Observer's AND GARDENS December, 1905 Note-Book Architects, Old and New HERE are many ways in which people who build houses may be classified. For the present purpose we may consider them from the one point of view, those that hate archi- tects and those that do not. It is amazing how widespread is the prejudice which often exists against architects. Some one—the prejudice is so old it may be antediluvian—seems to have started the notion that architects were unnecessary incumbrances of the earth. Very excellent buildings indeed may be pointed out—even to-day—of whom the architect is quite unknown and perhaps always will be unknown. The inference is logical and obvious: they were built with- out architects. ‘‘ Name me the architect,” is the triumphal demand, “‘ and I will admit an architect did this work.”’ But it is sometimes impossible to do that, and thus the supporter of the non-architect theory retains his own views and his own appreciation of his mental discernment. There are some people it is impossible to argue with. You meet them every day. Their knowledge is abundant, pene- trating, self-satisfying and whole-absorbing. It is doubtless a fine frame of mind to have, for there are many persons who know so little, that to meet one who knows surely, positively and really gives a freshness to life that is as invigorating as it is rare. The architect haters come in this class. It is useless to talk with them, for they KNOW —-spelled in the largest letters, Mr. Printer, if you please. ‘There is literally no room for converts here, but it may not be useless to review the general situation as a possible help to the non-diffusion of such notions. It seems to be an historic fact, that the cataloguing of architects, their ways, their means, their deeds, their relations to buildings, their personal efforts, their contribution to knowledge, science and art, is a comparatively modern thing. The word architect itself is comparatively modern, and no one will dare say for certain just what sort of a person the architect of classic and of medieval times was. If he was anything like the modern article, he was a culti- vated, agreeable gentleman, of polished manners, knowing more of building than of anything else, a charming fellow to know and quite well satisfied with himself, and with others also if he had a multiplicity of jobs. In all these matters he may have had a close resemblance to the modern architect, but it will be safe to affirm that he earned his wages by more personal exertion. He very likely did not have a staff of office assistants who took the drudgery of labor from his shoulders, who did all the work, while he got all the glory. Whatever he was he was a hard-working man, himself daily on the scaffold, directing and working, in charge of every- thing, but fully capable and competent to do everything himself. The modern architect is very different. He has the singular advantage of being required only to work with his head. He does not do things himself, but he tells others what to do. He does not have to find out things, but he asks others about them and puts the charge for acquiring this knowledge into his little bill, which the client duly pays. His mental efforts may be accomplished with little visible exertion, but the final results are eminently visible, being, in fact, struc- tures of permanent material which are set up on the face of the earth and destined to last a considerable time. This is a very agreeable operation, for it aids in spreading forth his fame and perhaps wins him new clients. The latter result does not always follow, for his achievements may not be pleasing and no one may want any more of it. This is a distressing state of affairs, and one difficult to remedy, for an architect without clients is,as a poet without readers; that is to Say, unappreciated, unknown, without means of support. But getting back to older architects, it may be pointed out that the contention that the medieval cathedrals had no archi- tects has long been punctured as an absurd legend without force or truth to support it. It is true enough they had no single architect, as most modern buildings have, but the records of the past have yielded up many an old craftsman who was master builder of the church with which his name has now come to be associated. This, at least, we know posi- tively, and we should have known it intuitively, since never was an idea more absurd than that the great churches of the medieval period—the most glorious structures in stone ever built by human hands—simply were built, without directing guidance and without definite end and aim. So we know there were architects, for such the master builder must have been; but we know less of his actual rela- tionship to the work, less as to what he actually did, less as to his own personal part in the planning and building. Here, of course, we have no guide, and can only depend on con- jecture—a sorry enough leader, but all we have. It is safe, however, to assume that the master builder’s part was an im- portant one. He did not sit down and draw out the whole structure by rule and compass. He did not design, or have designed by his draftsmen, designs for ornament and detail, which is now the usual course in every architect’s office. He perhaps did not concern himself with sanitation, for of that science no one, in his day, knew anything at all. He knew nothing of science, for science is modern and belongs to our own time. But he knew how to build, for his buildings tell us so; and he knew how to build permanently, for many of them have lasted a prodigious time—longer than many of us want the works of some modern architects to last. He was, therefore, a real person, doing real work, doing it finely, often with true genius, and generally in a way that has excited the universal admiration of all who have seen it, old and young, medieval and modern. But it was the work itself which excited interest, not the architect himself. He, poor chap, fell into forgottenness, and only his bare name has been recovered in our own time through patient toil and skilled study. The modern architect thinks of himself first. Show him a new building, and his first question will be, Who was the architect? And if he doesn’t happen to like that architect he will immediately tell you—not for publication—what he did that was bad, and what he ought to have done which he hadn’t. If the building has real merit, that may be referred to last, but often in a grudging spirit, as though some other —unnamed person—could have done better had he been af- forded an opportunity. Perhaps he could. There is often room for betterment in this vale of woe and sea of tears we call mother earth. The point is of value chiefly as illustrating the horrid modern spirit which too often dominates things architectural and sets people against architects. Any man who does anything is entitled to credit for what he has done. If an architect builds a good building, by all means give him all the praise, all the commendation, all the reward possible. December, 1905 ANTE RVGAN “EOMES a a Japasce | eSacece When the appetite is a ‘little off’? and nothing tastes good’’—try a dash or two of Tabasco on your @# food. Only be sure it’s McILHENNY’S—the original —in use half a century. A potent aid to digestion. + It makes more palatable—salads, soups, roasts, fish, eggs, oysters, gravies, etc. The housewife will find hundreds of uses for McIlhenny’s. MEIKHENI NY’S Write for book of recipes—sent upon request. McILHENNY’S TABASCO, New Iberia, La. TIGER SKINS LEOPARD SKINS BEAR SKINS Fi WOLF,FOX,ETC. |e gen GAME HEADS ® ROBES AND OSormnaene ec bes ch, % es To introduce my direct 4 s importations of Specia teats Moth Proof Furs: (ea If you will apply for my ad s catalogue 1 willsend to you a beautifully mounted 7 CHINESE ‘e LEOPARD SKIN pr (average 712 feet) ) | London quotation £15, for F $35.00 A similar introductory offer for mounted Game Heads on application. , é = = = + > . = 4 = * = wee RY AS ae } F. C. JONES, Importer 176 Federal Street BOSTON, MASS. AND GARDENS 407 Architecture is a profession. It has its code of ethics. ‘The rec- ognition and use of good building material is a part } of the code of the good architect. We know good architects know that “Taylor Old Style” 1s good roofing tin. We aie MObesume: sal architects take proper precau- tions to see that only “Taylor Old Style” tin is used. IN, or (65 IDANALOUR COMPANY ESTABLISHED 1810 Philadelphia PEARSON COATED NAILS have a holding power more than twice as great as any other kind. ‘They resist the weather longer than ordinary wire nails and have other advantageous features. The coated flooring nails—under the trade name of “ Leaders ”— are a radical departure from the rut, and excel in every detail. They save 30% in labor and are sold at attractive prices. J.C. PEARSON Co., BOSTON RAILWAY EXCHANGE BLDG. CHICAGO 408 ATMERICAN HOMEIS AND GARDENS December, 1905 This Book Don’t wait write for it now Consult this book and you'll save time, money Tells and worry how to beautify your home at little expense HIS new book, ‘‘The Proper Treatment for Floors, Wood- work and Furniture,’’ tells all about wood, wood-cleaning, finishing and polishing. Sent FREE by manufacturers of JOHNSON’S PREPARED WAX “A Complete Finish and Polish for All Wood” For Floors, Woodwork and Furniture Produces lasting, artistic, sanitary finish to which dust and dirt will not adhere. Will not crack, blister, peel off, show laps, scratches or heel marks. Johnson’s Wax is far superior to any other; one reason is that it contains the most polishing wax to the pound. Fine for preserving and polishing oilcloth and linoleum. Johnson’s Prepared Wax is sold by all dealers in paint—}% |b. can, 30 cents; 1 and 2 Ib. cans, 60 cents per Ib.; 4, 5 and 8 Ib. cans, 50 cents per Ib. Write today for book and mention edition AH12. S. C. JOHNSON & SON, RACINE, WIS. “* The Wood-Finishing Authorities” Discriminating, home-loving persons are enthusiastic in FZ their praise of our new book. When the Painter Estimates the quantity of paint required for a given job, there is always a large percentage left over when high-grade paints based on OXIDE OF ZINC are used. Have you noticed this fact > It means that such paints are economical, and that the painter is unaware of the fact. FREE—Our Practical Pamphlets: "The Paint Question," "Paints in Architecture," "French Government Decrees," " Specifications for Architects," and "Paint: Why, How and When" THE NEW JERSEY ZINC CoO. 71 BROADWAY, NEW YORK @ We do not grind in oil. Lists of manufacturers of high-grade zinc paints sent on request THE HOME TELEPHONE ERHAPS no modern aid to housekeeping P is so keenly appreciated as the telephone. It is an amazing convenience and help. It saves time. It keeps one easily in touch with the outer world. It effects an economy of steps. It is useful in a hundred useful ways. It is so extremely useful that the won- der is, not that so many houses and apartments are equipped with telephones, but that more of them are not in use. The telephone, however, has its disadvan- tages, and it is exactly on this point that the housekeeper needs to be watchful. ‘The tele- phone is a time-saver, but in many instances it means a larger expenditure. ‘This is especi- ally the case where orders for household sup- plies are transmitted through it. ‘The butcher, the baker, the grocer, all welcome the tele- phone with eager joy. “They can attend to a dozen telephone calls while personally taking the orders of a third as many customers. The goods sent in response to telephone orders are almost: invariably taken in and seldom re- turned. ‘The butcher is perhaps most keenly alive to the advantages of the telephone order system, for he can send in a little more meat than has been ordered, or, at a pinch, send something quite different and which the cus- tomer would not have taken had she been making the purchase in his store. Nor does one always keep as close an ac- count of telephone orders as those given in per- son. ‘Telephone orders are seldom booked or noted at the time by the customer, and hence one is not always aware of the bills one is in- curring. Not that charges will be made that have not been ordered—reputable tradesmen must be given the credit of being honest—but one is not apt to fully realize just what one’s expenses may be. The telephone, therefore, like all good things, requires to be carefully and intelli- gently managed. The most economical mode of housekeeping is expensive, and while the telephone will save time and trouble it also calls for care and attention in its use. No one can keep house economically without a careful scrutiny of expenditures. One is apt not to do this when using the telephone for trans- mitting orders for household supplies. Yet this is one of the most important things to be kept in mind when using this implement. CORRESPONDENCE, “Notable Homes” Series H. M. Y. writes to protest against some of the illustrations of the interiors of the houses included in the series of papers on “ Notable American Homes” as not being in accord with good taste, and containing not a few articles, from time to time, that are thoroughly bad in themselves. Reply. The writer of this letter entirely misconstrues the purpose of the papers in ques- tion. The houses included in that series are not offered as examples of good architecture, good decoration, good furnishing, good gardening; they are not intended to serve as models; they are simply descriptions of houses, mostly of some size, which have some points of interest. They illustrate, in a general way, the most im- portant domestic work being done to-day by our leading architects. That is to say, the largest houses, frequently the most costly houses, often the best work of the architects under discussion. This programme is a fair and just one and needs no defense. Large houses and large estates are matters of very great public interest. There are few things of greater general inter- est than those the public can not gain access to and of which it knows nothing. Large houses and large estates to which only a com- AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 409 Draftless hallways £ | j YY 5 Rl c | Cld fashioned heating methods will warm parts of the building indifferently — wlth dirt. ‘AMERICAN, [DEAL RADIATORS BOILERS with less fuel will warm ALL the build- ing — with cleanliness (the ashes are left behind.) With our way of steam and hot water heating there are warm floors, as well as warm hall-ways, bay-windows, nooks and corners--children can play any- where—you enjoy your home ALL over— night andday. Persons suffering from throat or bronchial troubles, neuralgia, rheuma- tism, etc. are benefited by living within the influence of this modern heating outfit. IDEAL Boilers and AMERICAN Radiators will outlast the building—need no repairs. Fuel and labor saving pays for the outfit. Put in OLD buildings—farm or city—without disturbing occupants or partitions, or remoy- ing present heating methods until ready to start fire in the new. Inquiries stating size and kind of building you wish to heat are very welcome, Our goods are warehoused throughout United States and Europe. JMERICAN RADIATOR COMPANY Dept. 6 CHICAGO F-6521. ENAMELED IRON “CORONA” TUB, WITH BASE. L. Wolff Manufacturing Company | PLUMBING GOODS EXCLUSIVELY General Office: % 93 West Lake Street. Show Rooms: 91 Dearborn Street. CHICAGO. Building Construction and Superintendence By F. E. KIDDER, C.E., Ph.D. Architect Author of * The Architects’ and Builders’ Pocket Book.” ‘SPRING NEEDLE DERBY RIBBED UNDERWEAR APPEALS TO MEN OF FINE HABITS IN DRESS. fo a Part L-—MASONY’ WORK (6th Edition) 4213 Pages, 250 Illustrations Part IL—CARPENTERS’ WORK (5th Edition) 544 Pages, 524 Illustrations ea GTB he Seg OTIS ADE of a Spring Needle fabric of remarkable elasticity, knitted on machines of our own inven- ae ee tio : C aE METI DE A ia ovivine n and manufacture. The garments made from these works, to furnish a series of books that shall be of practical value to all who have to do with building operations, and especially to architects, draughtsmen and builders. Each volume is independent and they are sold separately. The volumes are large 8vos. bound in cloth. price, $4.00 each. FOR SALE BY MUNN & CO. SSI Broadway, New York. this fabric are of the finest yarns, and their hygienic value is unsurpassed. “They always retain their original shape, even after the hardest wear. From first to last they maintain that same elegant silky feel, and easy, comfortable and natural fit. DERBY Crisseo \) COOPER MFG. CO. They are made in two-piece and union suits, in the vari- ous sizes, weights & colors Ask for the genuine Cooper's Derhy Rihhed Underwear and look for this trade mark Handsome Booklet on request Bennington, Vt. 410 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 Chicago Embossed Moulding Co. Embossed ING (= =a ane an IDs K EQ" i Pow A e . ae ouldings i 5 EW, mDNCIRN #3| Interior Caps Balustersand [rae ——¢ Ce and Raised Stair Work Carvings 591 & 597 AUSTIN AVE., CHICAGO, ILL. SEND FOR OUR NEW 1905 CATALOGUE own Electric Light Plant E have complete outfits for residences of any size, summer homes, camps, hotels, schools, launches, yachts, etc. Every detail in- cluded ; very best material ; absolutely practical. So simple no electrician required. Light all the Time, as storage battery included. Gas, Gasoline or Steam engines used give plenty of power for pump- ing water, sawing wood, refrigeration, etc. We would like to send every reader of AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS who is likely to be inter- ree our new 60-page Catalogue describing over 130 different outfits. Address RESIDENCE LIGHTING DEPARTMENT RICHARDSON ENGINEERING CO., HARTFORD, CONN. ATTENTION TO DETAILS INSURES YOU Comfort in Your New Home For a small additional expense to the cost of ordinary hinges you can have your doors hung with Stanley’s Ball-Bearing Steel Butts ee Noein ite oiling Never wear down Send for artistic monograph on the subject The STANLEY WORKS, Dept. K, 55 crew BRITAIN, Conn. ¥ 79 CHAMBERS ST., NEW YORK A short, practical talk on good paint and good painting for steel work, metal and wood. Write for a copy. Address Paint Department. JOSEPH DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, N. J. THE ADVANTAGE OF| FALL PAINTING| WOOD-WORKING MACHINERY “OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, FOR ALL PURPOSES Here is where you can do without several machines by using this universal wood-worker, It’s the ‘‘Jack-of-All-Trades’’ that is master of all in wood-working shops having a large variety of work to do ng Side Boring and Routing Side No. 62 Solid Frame Patent Universal Wood-Worker J. A. FAY & EGAN GO, 7° New catanges New Cataiogue Band Saw Book 209-229 W. FRONT ST. CINCINNATI, OHIO Sander Pamphiet Book on Universal Wood-Workers Send it Now! JOIST anD TIMBER HANGERS More than One Hundred Listed Sizes. Any Special Size to Order Manufactured by LANE BROTHERS CO. (THE DOOR HANGER PEOPLE) 434-446 PROSPECT ST. POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. paratively few can have entrance are buildings and places that excite the utmost curiosity. Were these houses possessed of no interest as houses, had they no architectural merit, were they not interesting to see within as well as without, it would be simply catering to a natural curiosity to include them in the con- tents of this magazine. It would be giving a fictitious interest to our pages. But, as a matter of fact, these houses have other points of interest. “The building of a large house calls forth the finest skill of the expert archi- tect. Many of these buildings are thoroughly notable as examples of domestic architecture, many of them have the deepest interest as types of contemporary dwellings, and in many ways are worthy of serious study, quite apart from the fact that a Mr. A or Mr. B lives in them, or that the house is simply big, or that the estate includes so many acres. As a matter of fact, the creation of a great modern estate calls for the best that the crea- ting and governing mind can give. Let it be granted that some large houses to-day are built that have not the interest that should be the result of large expenditure. ‘This still hap- pens, and is likely to happen for some time to come. But the actual number of such in- stances is rapidly decreasing. Hence there are very few “ great”’ houses that are devoid of interest, very few that, as houses, have not real interest to the general reader as well as to the architect. Most large property owners are content to leave the external design and the entire struc- tural design to their architects. A very differ- ent condition prevails as to the furnishings and interior decorations. A highly trained and skilful architect may be commissioned to de- sign a house, and the furnishing given to another party or undertaken by the owners themselves. | Architects often supervise the furnishings of a house, but not always, and it would be exceedingly unfair to attribute to any architect the effect of the furnishing of a house unless this work was positively known to be his. Hence the astonishing crudities and anachro- nisms that are frequently seen in photographs of house interiors, large and small, modest and great. It is impossible to tell how these ob- jects found their present resting places, nor the circumstances under which they were obtained. If any one, as our correspondent, does not like them, it is a matter of congratulation for the superior discernment in questions of furnish- ings. But if you happen not to like a par- ticular lamp, let us suggest, do not blame AmeRICAN Homes AND GARDENS for it. There is another question suggested by our correspondent’s letter which might be referred to here. Mr. Ferree’s articles are descriptive and not critical. The difference between a descriptive article and a critical one is very great. “The scope of each is distinct, and com- pletely so. “These articles are based on per- sonal visits to the houses described, supple- mented, in most cases, with talks with the owners and the architects. It is impossible to prepare critical articles under such circum- stances. One can not go into another’s house for the purpose of describing it in a magazine and then find fault with what one sees. Our correspondent should be aware of this without expressing surprise that no criticism is offered. This series of descriptions of “‘ Notable Ameri- can Homes” is notable not only because the houses illustrated in it are notable, but because the articles themselves are notable. “These descriptions are by far the most complete that are being published to-day, and AMERICAN Homes AND GarDENS believes they give pleas- ure to its many readers and add greatly to the interest of its pages.—EDITOR. December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 411 FIFTY SUGGESTIONS FOR RHE HOUSE 22. The Size of Rooms THE point of greatest hygienic importance is, not how many rooms a person has, but how much room. A small room may be over- crowded with a single person in it, while a large room is not overcrowded with four to six persons in it. ‘The question of the dimensions of the room is of the greatest importance. The minimum amount of cubic space allow- able for sleeping-rooms per adult person is 10 cubic meters, though a room of 25 cubic meters is far more desirable. It is evident that a room 3 meters high is more easily ventilated than one that is 10 meters high with the same amount of air space. Sleeping-rooms should be at least 2.75 meters high, though a height much in excess of 3 meters is not desirable. A room less than 2 meters in height is not suit- able for a sleeping-room. The floor space of a sleeping-room should be at least 3 square meters. The living-rooms of a house should possess a cubic space of at least 12 cubic meters for each occupant, though an allowance of 30 cubic meters is preferable—Dr. D. H. Burgey. 23. Ventilating the Billiard-room A BILLIARD-ROOM is very often difficult to ventilate because of the large amount of glass in the lantern which is necessary for lighting the table, and the enormous quantity of gas which is necessary for lighting. The first thing which should be done, wherever possible, is to substitute electricity for gas; this will simplify matters considerably. In order to prevent a down draught from the cold air round the glass, a “lay-light,” or horizontal glass ceiling, may be placed below the lantern, and the space thus formed warmed by a coil of hot-water pipes, so as to rouse an up cur- rent, which can be taken through an ordinary extract ventilator. Fresh air should, of course, be made to enter by means of ventilating radia- tors from, if possible, the four corners of the room. If hot-water heating is not desired a ventilating grate may be used, the lay-light made air-tight, several Sheringham inlets placed in the walls, and the extract obtained by a special foul-air flue in the chimney-breast, with possibly a “ pilot-light,” or gas jet, to acceler- ate the current.—B. F. and H. P. Fletcher. 24. Concrete ConcRETE should be composed of pure clean water, broken stones, or ballast or clean pit gravel, with such a proportion of sharp sand as will fill the voids between the stones or gravel; and this latter should not be larger than such as will pass through a ring one and three-quarter inches in diameter. The pro- portion should never be less for Portland cement than one to six parts of stones and sand combined, and the concrete should be thrown into position steadily and as evenly as possible and tamped down in layers not more than twelve inches thick. The concrete for floors, pavements, roof-gardens, or roofs should be made in the proportion of one part Portland cement, four parts of broken brick, slag or other porous aggregate, and should be small enough to pass through a three-quarter inch ring; but no sand should be used. Fine ashes from the smith’s forge make the best material for this purpose, but it should not ex- ceed in bulk one-third of the whole mass. The concrete should be laid in position gradu- ally and continually until the whole work is done, and should be tamped concurrently as laid in place.—Fred T. Hodgson. 2 pe gee Pig ) pi fe 0 bis a 4 - a> % se ee” * . Ss Seas hed w’ 52 55 site s hee ee ¥ ? Teeny, i on, i ge? Pre ON” SE RL Le LYVOLA RIPE OLIVES A New, Dainty, Appetizing, Healthful Food. They will please the most jaded palate, and an invalid may eat them freely and with relish. They are the ripe fruit from the sun-kissed olive trees of California. They are full of life-giving olive oil, absolutely pure, just as it comes from the refinery of nature. But the ‘¢ olive oil taste’’ is entirely absent. They are delicious, They are beautiful in color, rich in aroma, luscious to taste. They are a perfectly natural food for which the system yearns ; you do not have to cultivate a taste for them. LYVOLAS are the olives that yield the pure olive oil, the oil that builds up wasted tissue, and makes for health and strength. When you eat them you get your full quota of pure olive oil ina food that you can relish, The world has known ripe olives since it has known man, but you have never eaten them unless you live where olives grow. LYVOLA Ripe Olives are the first successful attempt to give ripe olives to the people outside of the country where they grow. They are not the kind of olive with which you are familiar—the green, indigestible olive pickle of commerce; they are totally different, and infinitely better. You cannot buy them of your grocer—the present supply is limited—but you can get them or free descriptive booklet from the PWVOLA OLIVE COMPANY, Dept. O, Rochester, New York. Packing Plant and Orchards, Los Angeles, Cal. Before You Build— while you are considering it—just think about the hardware. It is important that you use locks that are durable and will last while the building stands. Sargent’s Easy Spring Locks stand just such a test as this—the test of constant daily use. Sargent’s cArtistic Hardware . will add to the beauty of the woodwork and ‘‘set off’? the charms of your home. It is handsome and durable, correct in design and properly proportioned—the kind of hardware that pleases the architect who specifies it and the man who uses it. The day of poor hardware for good buildings is past. Sargent’s Book of Designs, sent free on request, will help you in the selection of good hardware. SARGENT & COMPANY, “Arist Handware, 156 Leonard Street, New York Fs. dea Hinges For Double Acting Doors in Public Buildings, Residences, etc. The New Idea Jamb Hinge has a center fixed pintle which keeps the door from sagging and violent oscillation—the only Spring Hinge Specified by the United States Government in the Capitol Building, White House, Military Academies, Army Barracks, etc. because it possesses more points of merit than any other. New Idea Floor Hinge has ball bearings and is of best mechan- ON ical construction, including means for i Me adjusting spring without removing the door, The most perfect floor hingemade. Catalog free. The Stover Mfg. Co. 137 River St., Freeport, IIl., U.S.A. Sj 412 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 GRIL | (te AT, [Lede om nie c ” Tey LES “DIRECT FROM FACTORY” FAUT ERS SUE No. 225—48 x 12 inches, $3.60. No. 230—48 x 14 inches, with Curtain Pole, Retail value, $9.00 Others from $2.50 up. Largest assortment. Division Screens and special Grilles to order MANTELS TILES of Every Description for Walls, Floors, Etc buys this solid oak Mantel, 80 in. high, 54 or 60 in. wide 28x16 Mirror. Heavy columns and elaborate capitals. Tile facing and hearth. Club house grate, $10.00, Write for catalog of Mantels, Grates, Tiles for floors and baths, Slate Laundry Tubs, Grilles, etc. It is free. Or send 10 cents to pay postage on our Art Mantel Cat- alog. Mantel Outfits from $12 to $200. W. F. OSTENDORF, 2417 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, Pa. Pa Ak NE Retail value, $7.00 $4.50. Uniform Temperature It makes no difference whether you have furnace, steam or hot water apparatus} or whether it is new or old. All you need is the MINNEAPOLIS HEAT REGULATOR. It automatically controls the drafts. A change of one degree at the thermostat is sufficient to operate the dampers. This device is as simple and no more expensive than a good clock. It embodies economy, comfort and health. Has provenits merit for 22 years. CEDAR FALLS, Iowa. Enclosed find draft for the amount due for regulator. Iam very much pleased with the regulator, and would not part with it for five times what I paid for it, if 1 could not get it otherwise. F. E. MILLER, Ass’t Cashier, Cedar Falls National Bank, Six years ago I installed one of your regulators in my house, and I cannot praise it sufficiently. I can safely say it has saved me two tons of coal each season, and I have always retained an even temperature throughout the house. FRANK S. SMITH, Secretary Board of Health Warwick, N. Y. SENT ON 30 DAYS ABSOLUTELY FREE TRIAL. W. R. SWEATT, Secretary, Ist. Ave. and GSt, Minneapolis, Minn BERWICK, PA., Jan. 17. 1902. Find enclosed check for regulator. I have given ita thorough trial, and find it all you claim for it and a very usefuldevice. Thanking you for your courtesy for the period of trial. FRANK FAUST. If not satisfactory in every way, return at our expense. Writetoday. Booklet free. S It’s automatic is the Best House Door ail Hanger SOLD BY HARDWARE TRADE Lane made Other Styles for Less Money Send for Catalog 434-466 Prospect Street Brothers Company 4 POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. HAIR> Guarantee Backed by the Bank. THE EVANS VACUUM CAP is simply a mechanical means of obtaining a free and normal circulation of’ blood in the scalp, and the blood contains the only properties that can maintain life in the hair and induce it to grow. If the Evans Vacuum Cap gives the scalp a healthy glow and produces a pleasant, tingling sensation, then the normal condition of the scalp can be restored, and a three or four minutes’ use of the Cap each day thereafter will, within a reasonable time, develop a natural and permanent growth of hair. If, however, the scalp remains white and lifeless after the Cap is removed, then the case would bea hopeless one regardless of all the infallible hair restorers advertised. The Vacuum Method is what might be described as a vigorous massage without the rubbing and there are no drugs or irritants employed. The Cap is furnished on trial and under guarantee issued by the Jefferson Bank of Saint Louis, and any bank or banker will testify as to the validity of this guarantee. We have no agents. and no one is authorized to sell, offer for sale or receive money for the Evans Vacuum Cap—all orders come through the Jefferson Bank. Let us send you a book which explains the possibilities of the invention, and also evidence of the results it has achieved. This book is sent freeon request and we prepay postage in full. EVANS VACUUM CAP CO., 1218 Fullerton Building, SAINT LOUIS, VU. S. A. NEW BOOKS American Park Systems THE EXISTING AND Propos—ED OUTER PARK SYSTEMS OF AMERICAN Cities. Report of the Philadelphia Allied Organizations. By Andrew Wright Crawford and Frank Miles Day. Philadelphia, 1905. This is a remarkable document in many ways. It is the first and most comprehensive study of park systems yet made in America. Thirty parks, in as many cities in the United States and Canada, are described and noted, and the systems of most of these illustrated in maps printed in colors, which show, at a glance, the extent of the various parks and their relationship to their own city. As a book of maps and plans alone this pamphlet has ex- traordinary value, while as a general picture of the park movement it is equally serviceable. Not the least interesting fact connected with it is the long list of local Philadelphia organi- zations which have united in its production. No city is so dowered with petty jealousies as is the famous Pennsylvania metropolis. It is generally supposed by those outside its borders that persons living on one side of a certain street will not hold converse with those resid- ing beyond it. Whether this ancient joke is true or not, Philadelphia is a city of intense personal and organic jealousy, and that nearly fifty different bodies should have joined hands on the park question, and should have met the expense of the publication of this pamphlet, is a happy indication of newer, broader condi- tions in a city long famed for its narrowness, as well as noteworthy evidence of the hold that parks, as useful adjuncts to the munici- pality, has gained on this most conservative of communities. If such a result can be ob- tained on such unlikely soil it is not unreason- able to look for equally good results under less difficult conditions. Although the primary purpose of preparing this report has been the acquisition of a com- prehensive park system for Philadelphia, it has very great, general value in summing up, both by means of text and maps, the work now being done in parks throughout the country. That the park movement is a very general one has long been known, but that it is quite so general, that so many admirable results have been ob- tained through the co-operation of many organizations and by disinterested effort and foresight has not before been so clearly set forth. The authors of this pamphlet are con- tent with describing what exists, such con- clusions as they draw having special reference to their own local problems in Philadelphia. It is not suggested that every city is doing its best or that the best results are always ob- tained; but it is at least established that such good work is being done almost everywhere, and a perusal of this book makes very clear the fact that there is the widest public interest in parks, and that their future development will be on more intelligent lines and with greater regard for the future than was the case when public parks began to be laid out. May the good work prosper! ~ Carnations and Pinks CARNATIONS, PICOTEES AND THE WILD AND GarDEN Pinks. Written by several authorities and edited by E. T. Cook. London, 1905. Imported by Charles Scribner’s Sons. Pp. 12+162. Price, $1.25 net. One hardly needs a book, no matter how ably prepared and full of interest it may be, to excite one’s interest in these exquisite and December, 1905 AMERICAN HOMES AND. GARDENS 413 Why Not Utilize the Waste Heat for the Drying of the Clothes ? This Is Accomplished by the Use of the Chicago Combined Dryer and Laundry Stove One Fire Heats Water, Heats Flat Irons, Boils Clothes, and Dries the Clothes by what would ordinarily be waste heat. Substantially constructed of metal throughout and absolutely fire-proof, Made in all sizes. No residence or other institution is complete without this apparatus. Send for Catalogue. We also make y Dryers heated by GAS, STEAM and HOT WATER, Suitable for Residences, Flat Buildings and Public Institutions. Chicago Clothes Dryer Works 340-342 Wabash Ave., Chicago 134-136 W. 24th St., New York City W. & J. SLOANE CARPETS MADE BY HAND French Aubusson Carpet. Style Louis XIV. HE luxurious furnishings of the modern home demand the highest grade of floor coverings. “They must also possess these three important features : perfect harmony of color, correct style of design, and appropriate size. @ In this connection we offer our unequaled facilities, enhanced by years of experience and wide foreign connections, for the execution of orders for carpets or rugs in the French Aubusson and Savonnerie, Berlin, Turkey and other weaves. [he designs are prepared by our own artists to maintain the style of decoration in the carpet or rug, and the fabric is woven in one piece to fit the room where it is to be used. @ We have in stock at all times a large collection of these beautiful floor cover- ings, especially woven by us in styles of the periods. No Catalogues Are Issued. — Full Details Given Upon Application 886 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CAREFULLY conducted experi- ments, ranging over many years, have proved conclusively that the liberal use of PorasnH is essential to the production of big yields of full-eared corn. Let us send you our practical books telling of these and many other careful crop-feeding tests; they are free to farmers without any cost or obligation. Send name and address. Address, GERMAN KALI WORKS, 93 Nassau Street, New York. RUNNING WATER IN YOUR COUNTRY HOME = [Pumps water by water-power] RIFE AUTOMATIC peat ea HYDRAULIC RAM. NoAttention. No Expense. Runs 2 Continuously. Complete system extending to stable, green- house, lawn, fountains and formal gardens. Operates under 18 in. to 50 ft. fall. Elevates water 30 ft. for every foot fall - used. Eighty per cent. efficiency developed. re-sertad Over 4,500 plants in successful operation. Large plants for towns, institutions, railroad tanks and irrigation. Catalog ©& estimates free RIFE ENGINE CO., 111 Broadway, N.Y. A. W. FABER Manufactory Established 1761 Lead Pencils, Colored Pencils, Slate Pencils, Writing Slates, Inks, Stationers’ Rubber Goods, Rulers, Artists’ Colors 78 READE STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y. GRAND PRIZE, Highest Award, PARIS, 1900 Racine Brass & Iron Co. RACINE, WIS. Tron, Bronze and Aluminum Castings for Automobiles Woter Jacket Cylinders a Specialty. Correspondence Solicited ALL Makes $1570 $ 75 ‘GUARANTEED: CATALOGUE FREE Puita.Ty PEWRITER EXCHANGE >» PHILADELPHIAS PITTSBURG. “ae D. Dorendort ‘Citiy’ MANUFACTURER OF Flag Poles, Copper Weather Vanes and Special Copper Cable Lightaing Conductors 145 CENTRE ST.,NEW YORK Take of f your Hat to the Mc For whether you need-Hand” or Power | Se C Pumps, Hay Tools;Sfore Ladders, Gate ; Hangers-or—Pump Fixtures ‘ MYERS’ are Always Best Wan - gH) Ni Quality and Service is the Myers slogan— ey | q you've always got your money’s worth and & bi | J j bargain besides when you buy from MYERS, 4 380-Page Catalog with close prices FREE. A Ske fF. E. MYERS & BRO. Ashland, Ohio Stationaties, Portables, Hoisters, Pumpers, Sawing and Boat Outfits, Combined with Dynamos. Gasoline, Gas, Kerosene. Send for Catalogue. State Power Needs. CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO. BOX 69, STERLING, ILL. a 5 ‘< WAVY AND CURLY HAIR May positively be obtained without the aid of curling irons by the use 0 Mrs. Mason's Old English Hair Tonic. Send stamp for interesting booklet on the preservation of the hair. MRS. MASON, 36 West 34th St., New York City vans AMERICAN HOMES Something New! A washable and per- fectly sanitary wall cover- ing. Cloth foundation fin- ished in oil colors. Best walle cover ing forkitch- en, spam tiiy, bathroo m, | closet, and 1 other walls where a washabie surface is desired. Prints, plain col- ors and tiles in dull, var- Goods Trade and Oil] nished and glazed effects. Plain colors in oil admi- trably adapted to ceiling and fresco work. Hides cracks and pulkass. teen stains. Waste oe proof, ver- min - proof, ap pilaed=to therw ali like paper, and inex-|]| pensive. For sale by the Dry Cloth Dealers. Standard Table Oil Cloth Co., 320 Broadway, New York City. TWO BEST SSSA IN THE WORLD = TCTORIAL SLSHINGLEL surance.” An Architect said the other day—“It doesn’t takelong to convince a man that he wants a CORTRIGHT ROOF when you can show him a saving of 10% on the single item of in- That’s only one advantage. Catalog. CORTRIGHT METAL ROOFING CO., Philadelphia C2, Chicago OF EVERY , DESCRIPTION. SEND fORCATALOGUE. AND GARDENS December, 1905 beautiful plants. But a good book on so lovely a subject must greatly widen the culti- vation of these plants and tempt those who do not grow them to plant them in their gardens. This is exactly the purpose of the volume which Mr. Cook has edited from two English garden periodicals. A dozen writers have con- tributed to the book which thus represents the expert advice and opinions of as many able writers. It is a book alive with suggestion and filled with hints of the most practical character on the cultivation of the carnation and pink. Although pinks and carnations are welcome in so many ways of gardening, says Mr. Cook, perhaps their greatest use, other than in wall and rock work, is as edgings and underplant- ings to roses, or something of taller stature than their own. By “ edgings,” he does not mean straight or stiff borderings only, though the white pink and its forms are among the very best plants for this use, but informal fillings of the outer portions of beds and borders. Used like this with roses they are admirable, each plant enhancing the beauty of the other. ‘They are, he adds, perhaps least suited for filling up whole beds, unless the beds are quite small and especially narrow in form. The book begins with a brief early history cf the plants, followed by others on the Carna- tion in the Garden, the Border Carnation, the Picotee, white and yellow ground, the Mal- maison Carnation, the Tree or Perpetual Flowering Carnation, Carnations for Exhibi- tion, Carnations in Town Garden, Carnation Growing in America, Diseases of the Carna- tion, the Pink, the Wild Pinks, and the Pinks of the Alps. ‘The range of topics is, there- fore, very complete and thoroughly compre- hensive. This is by no means a book on easy methods of carnation growing; but it presents all the essential facts of carnation and pink culture. It is very much more than a guide to ways and means. Flowers must not only be grown to produce flowers, but they must be grown in an artistic way, so that their individual beauty will contribute its full share to a general effect. This aspect of carnation cultivation—by no means its least important aspect—is referred to on almost every page of this book, the true and only way of exciting a genuine love for flowers. It contains a number of half-tone illustrations, reproduced in an extraordinarily beautiful way, illustrating individual plants and their use in the garden. The Gardens of Italy THE Garpens oF ITaty. By Charles Latham, with descriptions by E. March Phillipps. London: Country Life, Lim- ited, 1905. New York: Charles Scrib- ner’s Sons. 2 vols., folio, pp. 159+144. Price, $18.00 net. The Italian villa is essentially a pleasure house, and the Florentines of the Renaissance spent so much of their time in their villas that some of their contemporaries considered that they were insane. Within a radius of twenty miles of the Tuscan capital there were twenty thousand estates with eight hundred palaces built of cut stone. The “ Italian garden” is a complement of the “ Italian villa,” and when they are combined the result is one of the most charming sights in the world. An “ Italian garden” can be created almost anywhere, but it is in this wonderful land of an old civilization, gifted with so transcendent a share of natural beauty, that this combination of art and nature is at its best. Glades, woodland, terraces, December, 1905 BURLINGTON Venetian Blinds Sliding Blinds Screens and Screen Doors Highest Quality - Surest Sellers Any style of wood for any style of window. Backed by the endorsements of thousands of satisfied custom- ers. Made on honor. Sold on merit and guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. Proved by actual use to be the most practical and satisfactory blinds and screens on the market. 9] H eS Z Z y Z ] U Z Y Y Y} % Z Z © For your own best interests and your customers, send for Free Booklet Catalogue, giving prices and full particulars. BURLINGTON VENETIAN BLIND CO., 975 LAKE STREET, BURLINGTON, VT. MARSTON’S CIRCULAR SAW Iron Frame, 36 inches high. CENTRE PART OF TOP IS MADE OF IRON ACCURATELY PLANED, with grooves on each side of saw for gauges to slide in, Steel shafts and best Rabbitt metal boxes Gears are al] machine-cut from solid iron. Two 7 inch saws and two crank handles with each machine, Boring table and side treadle, Weight, complete, 350 Ibs, Send for catalogue, J. M. Marston & Co., 199 Ruggles St., Boston, Mass. AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS THE “CHAMPION” LOCK JOINT || Metal | Shingle | Inexpensive | Ornamental 4 Durable ao MADE BY 6 CO. 1610 E. Fifth St. CANTON, OHIO Also Makers of Cornices, Skylights, Ceilings, Etc. UR remarkable recent inventions enable us to offer the public an intensely brilliant, smokeless gas at much less cost than city gas, better, safer and cheaper than electricity, and costing but one-fourth as much as Acetylene. Most durable and least expensive apparatus to maintain in effective perpetual operation. Gives services of lighting, cooking, and heating. Fullest satisfaction guaranteed, and easy terms The very apparatus for suburban homes, institu- tions, etc. We construct special apparatus also for fuel gas for manufacturing, producing gas equiv- alent to city gas at 50 cents per 1,ococubic feet, and made to respond to very large demands, also for lighting towns, etc. Cc. M. KEMP MFG. CO., BALTIMORE, MD. Locations for Builders Throughout the Southwest, especially in Oklahoma and Indian Territories, Ar- | kansas and Texas, along the line of the numerous towns and small cities have sprung up along the many new lines of the System that have recently been con- structed, and openings for builders, con- f tractors, architects and manufacturers in many lines exist. Send for a copy of handbook entitled “ Opportunities,” WN. Schulter, taustriat Commissioner Frisco Building St. Louis, Mo. 41 big bing ind . and Scientific GD At A A A A i A AR A A A A A A A A AR A AB Ah AB AV FO A Ah H 6 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 Canton Clothes Dryer FOR USE IN Private Residences, Ho- tels, Apartment Houses, Hospitals, Public Institu- tions, Clubs, Laundries, etc. Do not buy a drying cabinet that can not be ventilated while clothes are being dried. Clothes turn yellow and have an objectionable odor if the moisture and impure air are not continually carried out of cabinet. Our special system of heating and ventilating dries clothes in as sanitary a manner as could be done by the sun and wind. The most convenient and economical laundry accessory made. Illustrated catalogue ‘‘E”’ sent free on request. THE CANTON CLOTHES DRYER & MFG. CO., Canton, O., U.S.A. NEW YORK AGENCY: 157 West 23d Street, New York City. Summer Home of Spencer Trask, Esq. "YADDO" Water Supplied by Rife Rams Rife Automatic Hydraulic Ram SIMPLEST AND MOST EFFICIENT ENGINE MADE Water Pumped by Water Power No Wearing Parts Except Valves Operates Under 18 Inches to 50 Feet Fall Elevates Water 30 Feet for Every Foot Fall Used Runs Continuously. Absolutely Automatic Plants Installed Under Positive Guarantee 80 Per Cent. Efficiency Developed Over 5,000 Plants in Successful Operation Our Specialty 1s Equipping Country Places with Complete System W ater W orks, extending to Stable, Greenhouses, Lawns, Fountains and Formal Gardens : Saratoga, N. Y., March 6, 1901. Gentlemen :—It gives me great pleasure to testify to the excellence of the Rife Ram. After using the rams of other makers for twenty years, of various sizes, | bought one of yours three years ago. Beginning at the smallest size, | have gradually displaced the rams of other makers, until now | have various rams in use, all of your make, from your smallest to the very largest size. They are doing most excellent work, delivering larger quantities of water than any other ram I have ever used or heard of. I have recommended them to a large number of persons, and wherever used they have thanked me for the recommendation. Yours very truly, SPENCER TRASK. Large Plants for Towns, Institutions and Railroad Tanks Large Machines for Irrigation — Rife Hydraulic Engine Co., Suite 2105 Trinity Building, New York Catalogues and Estimates Free Fi nbn eb apibin bin nbnb nb nb nb bpm nbs nS mb nbn nb -d American Homes and Gardens $ pt Regulee merican Aine fe $6.00 stonework, all coupled with glorious views, tend to make a sojourn in Italy among the most refined and delightful of pleasures. For- tunately the Italians have kept up their love for their gardens, even though in all cases they have not kept their gardens up. Some of these beautiful spots are overrun with weeds and the stonework is in ruins, presenting a most melancholy sight. The sumptuous volumes before us open up a new series of thought, which leads the mind into the realms of the beautiful, which results in better thoughts, for no one can examine this work carefully without improving his ideals, and the wonderful culture of the Renaissance must have been, in some degree, dependent on the delightful environment in which the learned found themselves. The very titles of the villas conjure up the names of the great Pico della Mirandola, Poliziano and Lorenzo de’ Medici, when we mention the Villa Farnese, Villa Medici, Villa Lante, Villa Palmieri, Villa Albani, Villa Pamphilj, Villa Doria, Villa Borghese, Villa Barberini, Villa d’Este, Villa Torlonia and a score of others equally famous. The wonderful growths of ilexes, stone pines, cypress, firs, box, yews and orange trees have, of course, much to do with enhancing natural beauties. The selection of views in the volume is most admirable, and they are finely reproduced. There is little to criticize and much to praise in this admirable work, which appeals to every lover of the beautiful. To the landscape archi- tect it is a necessity, to the architect it is a very desirable book; while to those who own or are thinking of laying out gardens it is a vast fund of ideas which can be modified to meet the requirements of both time and clime. PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT Chimneys and Heating HE draft points specified below, and Ai often overlooked by heating contrac- tors, architects and owners, have been demonstrated by the experts of the Furman Boiler principle and those of the Henderson Manufacturing Company, as constituting the best system of draft, escape of gas, smoke, etc., for any heating scheme. A chimney flue to effect the best results should be round. Next in order of efficiency comes the square flue, while the least effective is one of oblong form. The round flue presents an amount of friction surface to the smoke and escaping gases equal to about 3 1-7 times its diameter, the square flue presents four times its diameter as friction surface; while the oblong flue’s friction sur- face increases, beyond that of the square flue, in direct proportion to the extent of elongation. As an illustration: In an 8-inch round flue the friction surface is 25.13 inches and contains 50.265 square inches of area. In an 8-inch square flue the friction surface is 32 inches and contains 64 square inches of area; while in an oblong flue 4x16 inches the friction surface is 40 inches and the area 64 square inches. If the square form of flue is desired, the side of the square should be at least equal to the diameter of the boiler smoke pipe, as the corners of the square flue are of practically no value for the smoke passage, and in very large flues even become a detriment, in the way of eddying currents which upset the true course of smoke and escaping gases. In other words, the 64 square inches in the 8-inch flue are of no greater value, if as great, for the smoke passage than the 50,265 square inches of the 8-inch round flue. In an oblong flue the depth should never be less than from 6 to 8 inches, even for the smallest flues; and the length not to exceed 134 times the depth. If an oblong flue is unavoidable, better results ia ta al », AMERICAN HOMES December, 1905 AND GARDENS 417 How Cement Stone Makers Lose Money A FEW FACTS WHICH WILL BE OF INTEREST TO MANUFACTURERS OF CEMENT STONE manufacturing cement stone for building purposes, but how many are in a position to take a set of plans from an architect and make the stone to fit said plans ? Y ‘HERE are to-day large companies in most every part of the world @ Now, this is just where the manufacturers are losing considerable trade and money. ‘To be successful in this business it is absolutely necessary to have a machine that will make hollow stone of all the essential sizes and designs, water tables, sills, lintels, coping, ornamental, etc., up to six feet long. @ The demand for water tables, sills and lintels is as great if not greater than for hollow stone, for many architects specify same for buildings constructed of other material, and the profits are considerably larger for this class of work. @ If you could visit one of the many plants scattered throughout the United States operating THE HERCULES @ It makes everything essential for building construction; not that alone, for it produces stone that is stone,. and at minimum cost. It produces two stones at one operation, which feature alone reduces your labor item to almost one-half. you would immediately appreciate its superiority. @ Let us send you our catalogue ‘‘C’’ and tell you all about it. the means of your saving thousands of dollars yearly. why not for you? It might be It is saving it for others— @ Write to-day—it means money to you. CENTURY CEMENT (MACHINE COMPANY 180 WEST MAIN STREET ROCHESTER, NEW YORK FOO E Ww co iw inn 4 lj paren 5 Hand = Foot Power a ac Machinery — Our No. 3 Wood Turning’ Lathe can be speeded from 1,000 to 2,000 revolutions a minute with perfect ease. Stopped or reversed at will of operator. WRITE FOR PARTICULARS W.F. & John Barnes Co. 567 RUBY ST. ROCKFORD, ILL. SO SHO SHO) CLO CLO CFOCFOCLO COD Colt’s Universal Clamps Quick action, adaptation to work, con- venience of handling. Espe ing, and all work requiring A LONG, BROAD JAW. Send for Catalogue and Price List. Adjust themselves to a beveled as well asa level surface. EVERY MANIPULATION STANDS TO THEIR CREDIT. WE VOUCH FOR THEIR STRENGTH OF GRIP AND MEASURE OF UTILITY. cially adapted for veneering, panel- MANUFACTURED BY THE BATAVIA CLAMP CO. 19 Center Street, Batavia, N. Y. Coftage Designs @ WITH CONSTRUCTIVE DETAILS No. 1. One Dollar Gach, Postpaid. Cottage Designs ; : Twenty-five designs, ranging in cost from $600 to $1,500 Low Cost Houses ‘ Upward of twenty-five selected designs, originally costing from $750 to 52,500 Modern Dwellings : Twenty designs, at costs ranging from $2,000 to $5,000 Suburban Homes lank Twenty selected designs, ranging in cost from about $3,000 upward Sold Separately Munn & Co., abl Broadway, New York all MRS. WINSLOW’S has been used by Millions of Mothers for their children while Teething for over Fifty Years. It soothes the child, softens the gums, allays remedy for diarrhea. TWENTY-FIVE CENTS A BOTTLE. Remington Typewriter Lasts. Therefore Remington Supremacy Lasts. Remington Typewriter Co. 327 Broadway, New York. SOOTHING SYRUP pain, cures wind colic, and is the best 418 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 This is a rather good picture of the Great Arrow Victoria Tonneau, 40-45 H. P., with semi-enclosed top, made by the George N. Pierce Company. Price, $5,000. Semi-enclosed top, extra, $350. Cape top, extra, $150. IVE thousand dollars invested in an Arrow car brings a better return for the money than twice Fk that amount invested in a foreign car. The prestige of foreign cars, aside of course from admitted good car construction, is due toa certain sense of pride and satisfaction in owning an imported and expensive car. Every American gentleman who considers his investment in a touring car on the basis of the best return for the money will, on investigation, be convinced that the Arrow will give him more for its cost than any foreign car made. The Arrow is the highest-priced American carmade. But as the American motorist learns to discriminate, he will consider the additional price a good investment when it saves both expense and worry. The chief expense of a motor car is the cost of running it. 7 he record of the Great Arrow, in the Glidden Trophy Tour, of one thousand miles without a single adjust- ment, is not a phenomenal performance for the Arrow. It is something which any American gentleman, not an expert chauffeur, can duplicate with a Great Arrow car. The Arrow, built by Americans, for American roads, American conditions and the American temperament, offers more to the non-professional American gentleman who looks to his car for enjoyment and pleasure instead of glory and expense than any other car made, foreign or domestic, high-priced or low-priced. THE GEORGE N. PIERCE CO., Buffalo, N. Y. Member Association Licensed Automobile Manufacturers PIERCE AGENTS EEE New York Harrold Motor Car Co. Baltimore Southern Auto Co. Springfield, Mass. E.R.Clark Auto Co. Boston J.W. Maguire Co. St. Louis Western Auto Co. Syracuse Amos-Pierce Auto Co. Pittsburgh Banker Bros. Co. Hartford Miner Garage Co. Troy _Troy Auto Exchange Chicago H. Paulman & Co. Kansas City E. P. Moriarity & Co. Utica Miller-Mundy M.C. Co. San Francisco Mobile Carriage Co. Los Angeles Bush & Burge Ottawa and Montreal Wilson & Co. Philadelphia Foss-Hughes Co. Providence The Shepard Co. Toronto Automobile & Supply Co. St. Paul Cc. P. Joy Auto Co. Rochester U.S. Auto Co. Denver Branch TheG.N. Pierce Co. Scranton Standard Motor Car Co. and learn the art of making THE BEST CEMENT STONE Brady Cement Stone Machine Co. 425 North Jackson Street, Jackson, Michigan will be obtained if the smoke pipe can enter the same on the narrow side, as this will allow the smoke and escaping gases more room in which to change their course from the hori- zontal smoke pipe to the vertical flue. A flue of less than six inches of depth will not allow freedom for this change of direction, which directly accounts for the unsuccessful opera- tion of boilers on shallow flues, and the con- sequent condemnation of the entire system. Be sure that the flue is of proper size and shape and has a good draft before attaching the boiler to it; for many heating systems, first-class in other respects, fail to give satis- faction merely on account of poor chimney drafts. A newly built chimney will not draw perfectly and due allowance should be made until it is thoroughly dried out, which will probably take a week or two. In looking over the chimney and connecting the boiler to it, it is well to see that there are no openings into the boiler flue, either above or below the boiler smoke pipe, special care being exercised at the base of the flue that the boiler flue does not connect with the other flues through the soot pocket. “That the cross writhes or division walls of the chimney, if it contains more than one flue, are carried up to the top of the chim- ney, so that each flue is independent of the others throughout its entire length. That the area of the chimney flue is maintained full size throughout its entire length, and is free from all obstructions, such as loose brick, mortar, etc., that might have become lodged in it. That the chimney extends above the highest point of the roof or other immediate surrounding elevation. ‘This is quite impor- tant, and failure to observe the same may be looked to as the cause for a poor draft. That the flue is at least six or seven inches in depth and never less in area than size of smoke pipe given by a boiler manufacturer. “That the boiler sets as near the chimney as possible, thus shortening the length of the smoke pipe, which is desirable. “That the smoke pipe does not project into the chimney too far and thus lessen the area of the flue at this important point, where the smoke leaves the pipe and enters the flue. [he research shown in this exposition of the peculiar qualities of a chimney is re- peated in every branch of the work carried on by the Herendeen Company, in steam and hot-water heating, a system considered by ex- perts as possessing many of the great advan- tages. “These may be enumerated as follows: First, the heat derived from a steam or hot- water system is thoroughly healthy—the air of the rooms being heated by contact with the radiators, and, consequently, not becoming a mixture of coal gas, dust, and smoke. Second, it is possible to thoroughly distribute the heat —thus enabling an evenness of warmth and uniformity of temperature to be maintained throughout the building. ‘Third, an efficient and properly installed steam or hot-water ap- paratus requires little care and attention. It is safe, durable, simple in operation, and the average housewife or servant can easily at- tend to the management. Finally, great economy of fuel is obtained by the use of these systems, the saving often averaging from 25 to 33 per cent. ‘The boilers made by this firm are practically self-cleaning and now pro- duced in over two hundred different styles and sizes, embracing sectional, portable and brick- set types. “They are known under the names of Furman water-tube boilers, portable boilers, brick-set boilers, ‘‘ Junior”’ boilers and tank heaters, laundry, store and water heater and new sectional boilers. The Furman new sec- tional boiler is a new type, cast in sections which assemble in a vertical position. The sec- tions are made from the best quality of cast iron, and are without doubt the strongest and most durable that can be used for the pur- : € , December, 1905 PANEER TVGAINS EVOWNES AND GARDENS 419 The International Studio Che Leading Art Magazine $5.00 per pear Snternational at w ar Hnternational Studio a! My Studio Pleasure and Profit @ A Premier Greenhouse will keep you supplied with SEND 25 CENTS FOR flowers, fruits and vegetables all the year around. Saves its SAMPLE COPY cost in a season. Gives tone to your residence, and creates a pleasant and profitable hobby. @ The illustration shows a Premier Greenhouse, length 12 feet, width 8 feet, height 8 feet. It has double walls, double strength glass, plant tables, etc., fitted complete, built in sections, and can be erected in two hours. Price, $63.00. @ Geo. B. Clementson, Esq., of Lancaster, Wis., writes: *“The Premier Greenhouse is the most attractive proposition for the plant lover I have ever seen.’’ @ Catalog and Price List on application. Greenhouses from $20.00. Conservatories, Garden Frames, Summer Cottages, Auto Houses, Poultry Houses, and Portable Buildings of every description. By all odds the most artistic periodical printed in English.”--New York Tribune. By all odds the best source of suggestion for design and ornament in all interior work -- iron work, leaded glass, stained glass, wood carving, furniture, tapestry, mosaic, mural decoration, etc. By all odds the best all-round magazine for people interzsted in artistic things. Subscriptions to John Lane Company, 67 Fifth Ave., New Dork CHAS. H. MANLEY, Dept. A. H. PREMIER MFG. WORKS, St. Johns, Michigan ** At the foot of Pikes Peak.” COLORADO SPRINGS. @ Like a child at play, Colorado Springs sits basking in the sunshine at the foot of Pikes Peak, amid the most enjoyable surroundings. No location could be more delightful. This region is best reached from.the East by the NEW YORK CENTRAL LINES and their connections, with but one change of cars from New York or Boston. @ For particulars inquire of any New York Central ticket agent. A copy of “America’s Winter Resorts” will be sent free, postpaid, on receipt of a two-cent stamp by George H. Daniels, General Passenger Agent, New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, Grand Central Station, New York. 420 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS December, 1905 pose. Owing to its special construction it is not affected by variations in temperature and consequent expansion or contraction. “These boilers are absolutely interchangeable—being The CHAMPION IRON CO, _ {iy seth stented ior either steam or hot KENTON, OFIO. are necessary for steam boilers. By adding or taking out the desired number of sections the pan ~ STRUCTURAL IRON. boiler may be changed in size. ‘This opera- ————_—————— tion would be slow, troublesome and expen- sive were the usual external headers used. ORNAMENTAL This allows boilers to be placed in very low cellars, owing to their low height and com- CAST AND WROUGHT IRON. pact construction. ‘There is a good supply of = = Pa ae | Lae excellent literature and fine illustrations issued JAIL CELL WORK. by the company. ‘The twenty-fifth edition Sas ae. = — Oblong; papers sc..cccecsescescacacessccessicesataseceses Country and Suburban Houses By William Dewsnap. A collection of interior and exterior per- spective sketches and floor plans for up-to-date houses in the artistic, Colonial and other styles. Paper............cscscessecsceesees Country and Suburban Houses By William Dewsnap. A collection of interior and exterior per- spective sketches and floor plans for up-to-date houses. Paper, Ti) ATOR eacen cas Bence ACB EMECOCE ED ECE ARTE RCE CC EE CECE CED RER or CSE AE COOTER RATE an Building Plans and Designs By M. E. Parmelee, Architect. One large 8vo volume (8x1014), handsomely bound in cloth, gilt top. Price........cccscecceeceesececcececsececeecececesssceecees Price $5 00 5 00 1 00 1 00 50 for A collection of designs of houses with Colonial (Georgian) details, but arranged with modern comforts, ANNE HE ACMEOM plebeNessmOLmb Wen Leth GCDGULY ca cee caresses iceise acainciete sec aciocecawiacisveeuae ies secieiaislenilsen oiienisisaissejeuiciteaesisibswie casei aie delscinainieecsselsesbieee cvevtsessefsigeenecstes AND SUBURBAN DWELLINGS Ninety-six Modern Homes PRACTICAL BOOKS Building Materials; Their Nature, Properties and Manufacture By G. A. T. Middleton, A. R.I.B. A., author of Stresses and Thrusts. The book takes up the subject in detail starting in the first chapter with the origin of sand, marble, stone, etc. The subsequent chapters give these various materials and their adaptability to different purposes. Large crown 8vo, bound in INCI INC headeose corte sc etocere co cseendrcacgicesiecnsdcectecesertcasteadsescene Building Construction and Drawing Sixth edition. Revised and greatly enlarged. principles and practice of construction. Elementary course. By Charles F. Mitchell. 392 pages of text, with nearly 950 illustra- BINS CLOWIMEOV Os ClO ties de soece cock csvcccseesicevedes seucvedessredioutscses The Principles of Planning By Percy L. Marks, Architect. Illustrated by 80 plans of various types of buildings. One 8vo volume, cloth, 126 pages and 37 full- page plates. Second revised edition. Net............csccsccceccecsecees Brickwork and Masonry By Charles F. Mitchell and George A. Mitchell. A practical text- book for architects and others. A thoroughly practical work on the design and execution of structures in brick and stone. Cloth The Drainage of Town and Country Houses By G. A. T. Middleton, A.R.I. B.A. A practical account of modern sanitary arrangements and fittings, with chapter on sewage disposal works or a small scale. Cloth..............0sseceeeee SPECIAL OFFER A text-book on the Price 1 50 2 00 The selection of illustrations is especially noteworthy, embracing many rare and beautiful $4.00 $2.00 House Hints for Those Who Build, Buy or Rent Price Rape rivet ce cinsak cles sai scancmesk eeecatasenaenscsc seas tacheacaacncenecneereeveens $0 25 Stables Containing. 12 plates, giving designs for stables ranging in price from $1,000 to $10,000, with elevations, plans and details. Paper, POLLEOHION fe seccs cesscnessecceatasnassduseesicesdcadenecackeesesrestecseascstcess 1 00 Modern Suburban Architecture Containing plans and exterior and interior views of suburban cottages, etc. By William A. Lambert................ccccceceesereeeees 1 00 Sensible Suburban Residences By Frank T. Lent, Architect. 8vo, cloth, 100 pages, profusely illustrated ccrcscccess vescceierscetustcctece sotetee ter swiss scackc aces some ceone 1 06 Sound Sense in Suburban Architecture Second revised edition. By Frank T. Lent, Architect. 8vo, cloth, 100 pages, profusely illustrated................. ephooadacocdadpAassodcse0od 1 00 Summer Homes and Camps By Mranky Te Wuents, snmseessscjsuceauscsaccuscescetecestsines sodiceawaeteseuwasens 1 00 The Suburban Cottage, Its Design and Construction By W. B. Tuthill, Architect. Second edition. 8vo cloth, Mills tra blonst ys: vevcecsaakeve avec ls cevenuicvct recccessos se eeessetersereres 6 1 00 Building Construction Price Advanced and Honors Course. Third edition. By Charles F. Mitchell. Containing 660 pages of text with 570 illustrations, many being full page or double plates of examples, with construc- tional details specially drawn for this edition. Heating by Hot Water, Ventilation and Hot Water Supply Containing suggestions and information as to the best methods of heating. By Walter Jones, M.I. N. E. Third edition. Net........ BOS Uemeceeetee ices sconte: sccemanatenavshombeion weceneccteasccscecusterseacs Hints on Painting Structural Steel and Notes on Prominent Paint Materials A handbook for paint users. enlarged. 12mo. Grammar of Ornament By Owen Jones. An elaborate work on the subject of decoratior and ornament, giving many examples of various styles, such as Egyptian, Persian, Greek, Indian, Chinese, Renaissance, Italian, etc. Will be found an invaluable reference book to all desiring a correct knowledge of the different periods of ornament and decoration. Illustrated with 112 plates in gold and colors, besides many wood cuts and descriptive text. Cloth, gilt. Net... The Cement Worker's Handbook Containing more than fifty most important subjects on cement and its uses in construction. Compiled to meet the requirements of those interested in the use of this material in buildings. By W. Lee akersan ClOthioncwcces crs «cn cassncestosccetssecccatesc«twsesececscetetscase By Houston Lowe. Fourth edition, Bound in paper, 50 cents. Cloth.................. MAGAZINE free for a year Ask for sample copy of magazine and complete catalogue WILLIAM T. COMSTOCK, Publisher, 23 Warren Street, NEW YORK Crown 8vo, cloth.. $2 9 Oo 00 Any one ordering books amounting to $10.00 or over from above list will receive the ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS 424 AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS ~ December, 1905 This Steel Vertical File Sar is for YOUR office. CENTERING. R. F. Easton, New —— York, N. ¥. October:3 3. sane 800,727 This is a special proposition of great | value to you. You must bave a letter | H Be ee m4 file in your office. Wood burns, sticks. ANGER FOR SUPPORTING CENTERS. shrinks, warps; Steel lasts forever. : A G Pierce New York N iY: 5 5 Welt ; - . Capacity, 20,000 Letters : October'3 ...... 0c. 2 800,878 Standard Size, 10x12 inches 2 r This size is sufficient for any ordinary COMPOSITE BUILDING STRUCTURE, office. When you need more, add them Clayton and Johnson, St. Louis, in units. The drawers are fitted with suspension slides and every bit of room is : Mo. October TO... 2c eeceeaee 801 5361 available. i Size, 51 inches high ; 14% inches mee iy ADJUSTABLE SUPPORT FOR JoIsTs. wide + 24 inches deep, ; C. E. Springer, Chicago, Ill. Oc- Your Store Room Made ofSpecial een“ | tober 10.0. ssc ses cess seen, 801,482 Annealed Steel § ? ; How Does It Look ? A |. Merar LATH CONSTRUCTION. A. reused ie S. Alschuler, Chicago, III. Oc- eee 4 Z b 8°, If it’s old and dingy let us suggest a | ea ay tober 24. «35.000 JE suitable steel ceiling for it. ; tie ae 4 802,727 We can make your store room artistic » zs / 2 ie ‘TRUSSED BOARD OR SUPPORT. J. Ae and inviting. Give us the exact meas- i ‘ Hi : 6 ae urements and we'll serve you promptly. ; : 5 Dennis, Chicago, Ill. October 24. 802,741 Cate icati nana , Finish: Maroon Enamel, Polished atalogue sent on application, showing naa é : fi ’ he) : ; . store room designs in detail. Write for Brass Irimmings, Cases Gold Striped paver At METALLIC WINbow SASH. Mullins a SIs . ie Delivered free anywhere east of the = oe i and Hare, Salem, Ohio. October Mention American Homes and Gardens. Rockies. Supplies not included. “rite I 8 $ Uaoeae CHalea at BY Geicrecacirng COO Oooo 3.o0 o.40 6 5 - 03,303 The Berger Manufacturing Company seth : ‘ Canton, Ohio 3 6THE BERGER MFG. CO., Canton, 0. “gy | Eaves TroucH anp Drain Pipe. A. H.& G.10-5. By S. Vogel, New York, N. Y. Oc- tober:3'1 \.Ssiekeen see 803,316 Elevators 6“ yy | ago“ AAMUFPUUBIUS™ || Pspescen ren x0 Cosson Skylight land. (October 3)... .-c eee 800,783 Evevator MecHanism. J. Dillon Absolutely and permanently impervious against Milwaukee, Wis. October 17... 802,074 rain, snow, sleet or dust, without putty or | | Sarery Device ror ELevaTors. C. cement. : W. Hoffman, New York, N. Y. Bridge arrangement for walking on the sky- October 24 ais ee 802,759 light without coming in contact with or danger of breaking glass. SAFETY Device For ExvevaTors. _ J. A—Steel Supporting Bar F—Copper Sheet Cap ; Gummerson, Pittsburg, Pa. Oc- B—Malleable Iron Bridge G—Coil Galv. Brass Spring Manufact a | h G D C tober to ae eee 80 28 C—Flat Iron H—Galvanized Brass Stud ; vee oe ec e rouve O. ki 3 3 3 D—Felt J—Bridge (for walking on 2 ° . E oe oes Erected by Bridg eport, Connecticut SAFETY DEVICE FOR ELEVATORS. E. ot L. Mater, Donagiac, Mich. Oc- tober: “3't “3 tae oe 803,425 Also Manufacturers and Erectors of The Lovell Window Operating Device Fireproofing and Fire Extinguishment The only device on the market that will, if desired, operate a line of sash 500 ft. long FIREPROOFING COMPOUND. W. S. Patten, New York, N. Y. Oc- tober 17 5250.6 oo ee 802,311 Fire RESISTING SHEET METAL WIN- pow Frame. T. Lee, Home City, Ohio. October24 72... eee 802,458 AR IS | IC Fireproor Stairway. F. O. Han- son, Chicago, II]. October 24... . 802,506 FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION. F. F. N ELS Odell, Nyack, N. Y. October 24. 802,523 Automatic Fire ALARM SYSTEM. @ Our line embraces G. B. Bowell, London, England. everything needed October 24. ....; ...ae eee 802,554 for the fireplace, and Fireproor Partition. Depew and our Mantels range in McCoy, San Francisco, Cal. Oc- price from $2.65 up. tober PUL a gonoon ob oGCo Goo boKS 802,556 Catalogue free. Fire Door. A. C. Preble, Chicago, Ill... October 24.2.2; eee 802,709 FirE PROTECTION SIGNAL SYSTEM. THE GEO. W. CLARK CO. Nolen and Shepherd, Chicago, Ill. October 24.22 22:6) eee 802,875 91 Dearborn St., Cnicago, Ill. 306 Main S : AUTOMATIC DEVICE FOR CLOSING ain St., Jacksonville, Fla. ; FirePpRooF SHuTTERS. E. C. (Factory: Knoxville, Tenn.) Washburn, Minneapolis, Minn. Octobet'31... 320 Be.) se . 803,038 We December, 1905 I Am the Paint Man AMERICAN “HOMES Let Me Give You 2 Gallons of My Paint UPPOSE you S went to astore and the man plosed 2 full gal- ons of paint on the counter and said “‘Here is some paint I want you me Ie Zz. ALE. ue bry before ou uy. ust sprea St. Louis. Mo. these 2 pallonaiaa your walls. When you have done so, if the paint is entirely satisfactory, comein and buy the balance of your order. If not, these 2 gallons are a present from me as a test.” You would think it was a mighty fair offer, wouldn’t you? But no paint dealer ever makes this kind of an offer. * * * IT am not keeping a paint store. Tam running a paint factory. My paint is not sold over the counter. ~ — it direct from my factory to the user esh. Let me make you a better and more liber- al offer than the above. Here it is. Let me ship you anorder of paint. I will pay all freight on 6 gallons or more. You sign no contract, obligation, or send me a penny of money in advance. When the paint arrives choose any 2 full gallons of the order, spread_it on your build- ing—it will cover 600 square feet, 2 coats—then you be the judge as to whether you want to use the balance of the order or not. 2 Tf not, return the balance of the paint—I will pay the freight back and the 2 gallons used are yours, free, for the test. If the paint spreads better—further—and looks better than any paint you ever saw, and you want to use the balance of the order, keep it and pay me at the end of 6 months. With the paint I send my pen-and-ink sicned iron-clad Guarantee that it will last 8 years. This Guarantee is binding and says “money back at the end of the Guaruntee period if the paint is not as represented.” The reason I can make you this liberal As a Test offer is because I manufacture and sell paint in a new way. My pigment, or paint base,—which is white lead, zinc, coloring matter and drier— is ground fresh to order after your order is received, hermetically sealed in cans, dated the day it is packed, and shipped in separate cans from the oil. My Pure Old Process Linseed Oil is ship- ped in a twin can. My paint is ready to use but NOT ready mixed. There are reasons for my manufacturing and selling this way. Good reason-. Reasons that permit me to give an 8 Year Guarantee. Briefly, here they are: Paint pigment is a mineral, Pure linseed oil is a vegetable. When packed together the chemical action of the mineral pigment eats the life out of the oil—that shortens the life of the paint. Old process linseed oil is scarce on the market. Oil used in ready mixed paint is usually adulterated. My oil is pure. i Shipping it separately gives you a chance to prove it. Ready mixed paint settles—a cement-like substance forms in the bottom of every can. ace never be properly mixed aguin by and. My method of shipping pigment and_oil separately, does away with all settling. You can use every drop out of every gallon of my paint on your walls, and you get the full life of the paint on your buildings. * * * I want to tell you more about my plan. Just drop me a line today, asking for my Paint Book, copy of my Guarantee, and other printed matter, which includes my flee in- structions ‘This Little Book Tells How to Paint.’? They are all FREE. Do it now while you think of it. ©. L. CHASE, The Paint Man, 605 G Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo, NOTE—My 8 Year Guarantee backed by $50,000 Bond. It Sells Itself ! AND GARDENS Home Study Courses JOHN CRAIG Professor of Horticulture in Cornell University VERYONE interested in farm- E; ing or gardening, everyone who owns or who expects to own a suburban or a country home, should know about the Home Study Courses in Agriculture Horticulture Landscape Gardening and Floriculture which we offer under Prof. Wm. P. Brooks, of the Massachusetts Agricul- tural College, and Prof. John Craig, of Cornell University. There is money, and pleasure, too, in farming and gardening, in the grow- ing of fruit and of flowers, for those who understand the ways how and the reasons why of modern agn- culture. A knowledge of landscape gardening is indispensable to those who would have the pleasantest homes. Our courses afford the bes possible substitute for the courses offered by the resident colleges. Our system brings the college to the student. Our students are free to proceed with the lessons as rapidly or as slowly as they please and to ask for special assistance or advice whenever they have occasion to do so. Every reader of eAmerican Homes and Gardens is invited to send for a free copy of our eighty-page catalogue and full information in regard to our home study courses, the Home Correspondence School SPRINGFIELD, MASS. Department 9 Easy for Agents! The Four-Track The Popular Travel Magazine is Easy to get Subscriptions for News Because of its attractive appearance Because of its educational value Because of its wealth of pictures Because of its entertaining qual- Because of its interesting articles ities Because all the world is its field IT’S DIFFERENT! It costs but $1.00. It’s always bright. It has excellent talking qualities. Because of its appealing individuality Write for our specially liberal terms to agents and a free sample copy. Hundreds of agents have made hundreds of dollars in a short time, getting subscriptions for The Four-Track News To see it is to want it! To want it is to have it! For it costs only $1.00 per year. , It is a bonanza for Live Agents, especially at our new terms! Write for them. A sample copy and our special terms to agents will cost you nothing. Send your address and two references to GEORGE H. DANIELS, Publisher Room No. 101A, 7 EAST 42d STREET NEW YORK 426 AMERICAN HOMES AND ,GARDENS * December, 1905 ARTISTIC HOMES ARTISTIC HOMES A DOLLAR EOOK OF MODERATE COST HOUSE DESIGNS. Printed on the best of paper in Edition de Luxe. Any one intending to build should purchase this new edition of If you ever intend to build, send for the ARTISTIC above $1.00 book to-day. HOMES HIGH-CLASS ARCHITECTURAL WORK. HERBERT C. CHIVERS 127-7th STREET CONSULTING ST. LOUIS ARCHITECT OOOVODVUOOOOOOOOOOOOY What a good Mantel . for DEN, Library, or where old Mission &Y style is wanted. WY Simple but effective. @ Rough surface tile, 3 6x12 inches. Best in Y dull finish green. 9 If you don't like this, we have others. SCSECCECSCEES @ @ = The Hartford @ No. 21. 5 ft. high; 5 nae < wide a4. Faien ce C O 2 @ ARCHITECTURAL FAIENCE TILE @ @ @ FAIENCE & MANTELS HARTFORD, CONN. SS > OODODODODODODOODODOOOOOO Hardware Batt Bearinc Hince. B. F. Foss, Fairfield, Maine. October 10 ... 801,232 WInvbow FasTener. A. Rosenberg, Chicago, Ill. October 10 ...... 801,400 Lock. F. J. Vieweg, Plainfield, N. J. October 17... 0... cee 802,052 SASH FasTener. §S. F. and D. E. Myers, Los Angeles, Cal. October | MEI I Sk 802,304 Lock. M. F. Walck, Enhaut, Pa. October 17°. 0.02. 00.08 See 802,341 AUTOMATIC SASH FASTENER. E. A. Parker, Meriden, Conn. October 2h. os ae wins «rely ole ore eee 802,655 Winpvow Lock. J. J. Gier, St. Louis, Mo. October 242.5 2) oe eee 802,854 Lock For WINbDow SASHES. W. C. Gilbert, Williamstown, W. Va. October 31.3.5. ....eeeee eae 802,983 SASH Fastener. I. M. Deppen, Scranton, Pa. October sma 803,100 SasH Lock. J. Kirby, Jr., Dayton, Ohio: October 3m)... eee 803,169 SasH Lock. Mullins and Hare, Salem, Ohio. October 31 4.055 803,302 SasH Lock. I. F. Frisbee, Boston, Mass. October) 31 525-0 eee 803,335 Heating and Ventilation Heat SHIELD For Raprators. E. M. Francher, Chicago, II]. October 3. 800,636 RapraTtors. A. D. Ray, Cleveland, Ohio; October101-4) eee 801,397 VENTILATOR. J. Lorenz, St. Louis, Mo. October 17 1.14. eee eee 802,000 VENTILATOR. S. L. Morse, Athol, Mass. October-17). nee 802,013 RapratTors. J. D. Karnaghan, Zanes- ville, Ohio. October 17 ........ 802,294 Process FOR HEATING APARTMENTS, ETc. H.C. Mallory, New York, N.. Y¥.. October 24 ae 802,766 VENTILATING DEVICE FOR BUILD- INcs. F. V. Matton, Camden, N. J: -October24 33) eco 802,871 VENTILATORS. G. F. Williams, Washington, D. C. October 24. . 802,899 Winpbow VENTILATOR. R. M. Goe- bring, Greensburg, Pa. October B10 hast ace eee eho 803,224 Miscellaneous MacHINE FoR HANGING WALL Paper. L. D. Howell, Maple- wood, Ohio. October’ 1775 .-0ne 802,292 Roorinc. J. H. Munro, Newark, N. J. October 24) 5 2¢ pee 802,771 HANGER FOR BUILDING PURPOSES. C. H. Bigelow, Jr., St. Paul, Minn. October 31 4:4). ence eee 803,089 WALL PAPERING MacHINe. T. H. Butler, Birmingham, Ala. October BT cc dislenewci Sera ee eee 803,270 Plumbing FLoor FLANGE FOR WATER CLOSETS. W. McClintock, New York, N. Y. October 3° .. .\:« auto ee 800,664 ANTIFREEZING FLUSHING ‘TANK. G. Coenen, Jersey City, N. J. Oc- tober 3 ..é+.450hee ee ae 800,903 Water Ctioset. W. H. Osborn, Oakdale, Ky. October 10 ...... 801,682 Pipe ConnecTION. R. Haire, New- port, R. I. Octoberi24 23 aoe 802,855 Tools Prums Lever. W. H. Gray, Chi- cago, Ill. October 17) eee 802,162 CaRPENTER’S Jack. P. J. McCul- ley, Annona, Texas. October 24. . 802,522 INDEX TO Aimerican Homes and Gardens VOLUME I. COVER “The Rocks,” Eben D. Jordan, Mass. chester, Front.) August: Ambler, Pa. September : James W. Par AGR Medes ES Adventures of a woman who hunts, by Myra Estate of C. W. Bergner, “ Woodcrest,” Paul, (The Terrace Entrance. ) EWMIODS sadate cscarvoussogeanovcosobac *400 Algze in water supplies, destroying.......... 12 Alley, pleached> Spencer: Drasks sn cer oe 5377, || American garden statuary, by Harry Dillon | GYRO 32 5 acs SARS Soh ee Ree +22 Angoras for pleasure and profit, by George Mercier’ Walsh... <..cn.c6enlc oss *TO2 Appliqué on inexpensive materials, by Mabel PRK em crestiiaitn ara pi ccs co oe ee sek *301 Architect and civic betterment, the ......... 119 Architect and his charges, the....... 122, 192, 264 iAremtects: old and) new .::2s20 63+ scans cose 406 Arch of massive stones, an, Spencer Trask. ..*372 Armor in Baronial Hall, C. W. Bergner ..... *80 Art, the International Congress of Public... 260 PGES AMON EME s HOUSED ENE rm). oes arclercios.e asrosversres 116 Autumn work in the garden, by Ida D. Ben- TEE 2 eschsrere Baten eee rye ae rene cere a 178 | sais. Giget: pe ORE ase nO eRe OO Ana SOE Enotes 250 | Bedroom, Murry Guggenheim .............. *3201 | Bersnerm ©: Wi, Amblér, Pa.) 22 2... csc cess *83 ERO ARE OVO ISG ey. 2) = sc iicls raid jesse aa eens 189 Blocks, hollow concrete building ............ 352 | Boilers, important improvements in ........ *62 13-56) 07 Gi Ce ee 56, 130, 200, 267, 340, 412 Botidoirs irs Sherman’s. .. 2... 22582. esis c *2AT Boudoir, the, Murry Guggenheim .......... *209 Box, a sand, by Ida D. Bennett ............. Breakfast-room, the, James W. Paul, a = 160 Binteka HOUSE a2 ccats sti s woes *97, *165, *234 Brick machine, pressed cement .............. *134 Bridge over the upper Wissahickon, C. W. Bia Gla "ose nano rE RG EOE Ere BOeerre *8I Building, helps to home. .30, 116, 173, 257, 318, 387 Building patents, new. .68, 141, 211, 283, 355, 422 Birla, flats: Mia oe eae Cre Cee CC eno eter 261 Bulb planting, the autumn, by Leonard Gil- GRE se dee cooo Ube Doe CORE ae ears *174 WSS O Wish Bio oi 52 icra (0 ofaje wood aise nol er eee *99, *230 Bartow, R- WS Woodmere: Ie. J. sa... 20.224 *172 ESHISSHESS ASP CEESMEMIC Mes tore oye.cte-c. 2 oy ciereyesvelofeiei vie 260 Camp in the woods, how to make a, by A. Gisse | Bote 2 ocr o: onan dn eCnEbe ure *T13 Cavalry officers in France, the training Olin nike Ceilings and partitions .........2......+0005 *204 Ceilings and walls, artistic metal ........... 208 Cellar in winter, utilizing the, by George iP fhelbeutavialsht essere tee e205 sec 20 ee Ctiamber, 2, Bbew PD: Jordan 2 once cee sor * Chandler, Mrs. Lucy B., Chestnut Hill, Mass. +88 Cheap houses, the dangers OS ekeecib se 31 Cheney, Mrs. B. P., Peterboro, N. H. ...... *306 City and the couutty, the 9-20 - eee eis * 336 Civic betterment........ 46, 119, 189, 260, 332, 405 Colonial brick Houses: ft: a Fees eee 22 *234 Colonial houses .......... ¥1Q, *25, *80, *224, *317 | *378, *381 Comment, monthly ...... 10, 82, 154, 222, 294, 368 Goicrete, the modern Stone 3.0.2) .2 2 ieee > 348 CHICAGO Ger berate Cae OOO LOO 408 Corridor, the entrance, C. W. Bergner ...... *86 “Craigston,’ T. C. Hollander, Wenham, LASS, AA SINS BRAS o roe dat es *310 “Crow’s Nest,’ J. H. Huddleston, Navesink Ebi siilastds ee We a tiene are ciesre s 0'e *9O Cayier, Johu EP, Peimecton, Ne Ja u2- 42-0608 *204 Cyanide fumigation, by G. Howard Allen.... 75 Dangers of cheap houses, the ............... 31 the Country Seat of | IV. October: Esq., West Man- (The Entrance V. November: Esq., (Baronial Hall.) the Estate -of Esq., Radnor, VI. December : Mires MAR KE DP = ARE NO‘ “ Drumthwacket,” (The Fountain in the Garden.) Country Seat of Mr. Trask, Saratoga, N. Y. the Rock Garden.) Estate of Mr. Saratoga, N. Y- Decoration, household. The man or the WOIman— Witch Armes. tous Sarg he eee 188 Decoration, principles of home, by Joy Wheeler Dow ... 0s... #3535110, *253, *303 Decoration, taste in household .............. 45 IDearmis, Sp Sb ooscacsceqansdecosoovgoe0s0uad *104 Desk in main 1 hall, thes.C. WeeBerenene....4- *85 Development, suburban ne et Guge en | 120 Dining and living rooms, J. H. Huddleston ..*1or1 Dining-room, the; ©. Wr Berenenm 9. .s6¢ 4. *86 | Dining-room, the, Mrs. B. P. Cheney ....... *200 Dining-room, the, SiS; Dennis’. .+5:5-...- *166 Dining-room, they Gay ka Droste sees atc: *98 Dining-room, the, “ Drumthwacket” ....... *225 Dining-room, the, Aymar Embury, 2d...... *T69 Dining-room, the, Floyd Ferris ............. *23 Dining-room, the, Daniel F. Ginna ......... *316 Dining-room, the, Edward S. Grew ......... *283 Dining-room, the, Murry Guggenheim ...... 208 Dining-room, the, LT. C. Hollander .......... *2TI Dining-room, the, L. L. Hopkins ........... *Q5 Dining-room, the, James Imbrie ............ *370 Dining-room, the bene Ds aiondanm: sacra cd *13 Dining- room, the, James W. Paul, Jr. ...... *158 Dining- room, the, John Ri Sherman ........ *2QAT Dining-room, the, Evarts Tracy , Dining-room, the, W. O. Underwood Dining-room of the past and present, by Alice IMaWellogioe concentra ocr a coe etree *38 Dining-rooms good! and! bad) 2) .22252.5.-0- *253 Doorwayaay HloydiMerristye sce *22 Drawing-room, the, “ Drumthwacket” ...... *226 Drawing-room, the, Edward S. Grew ........ * 283 Drawing-room, the, Eben D. Jordan ........ *13 Droste, Charles F., Montclair, N. J. ........ *96 SDrumthwackets (Princeton, INA Je -q-c4c- *223 Dutch Coloniali/housesim. asses eae *165, *168 Biizabethianwniousemaner-erter reer *T2 Embury, 2d, Aymar, Englewood, N. J....... *167 DABhiGn INOEKe, Ei scannoeooocsulsoncoHeodCN *285 Entrance and courtyard, James W. Paul, Jr.. 156 Entrance porch and porte-cochére, Alfred Siig eae ery ee ete a te teye ae ay ISR Pee nas *90 Evarts, Sherman, Plainfield, INES Vii Se terevevant: *18 Facade and terrace, Spencer Trask ......... *270 Falls in upper glen, C. W. Bergner ........ *87 Fattening of fowls in France, the, by Jacques BOWED ecient isghcns ee specreoe-eus es §3.23 mess, Iloynal, lalekeuseiks, ING Wo cuccoenoo0ce *20 Fifty suggestions for the house...... 54, 128, 200, 266, 339, 411 LEiias, IDeainl, IPannecwoin, ING Mo cocugooooso00n0 *284 Fire extinguishing, the materials for ........ 66 Fire irons in “ Dreamwold,” a group of...... A] EiceplaceseauliGaderbush saa. eis *16 Fireplace in living-room, the, J. H. Huddles- EOD averse eers sie eter coarse Sasacstanece aaah tases» *100 Hireproormtnerquestionmot sere amie) 2 ire mprOvectlOnmrrrmerr ri kee ecrs coe ore 23, 181 Em eS CAUSES OLE eee ee cian hosts as ies oon eiersveca 2 TEIHES) thn Copbinony InOsINKES) Gooccgouoouacnubou0c 403 Blootstintacingeinachinem ett eerie *137 Flower window, al, lel, AN, Garansial sooocanc00 *284 FO Wier Sr SOS eee ra crete tortie cites ae susie ansiere 190 Flowers, the arrangement of cut ............ 175 OLE WOLC ye see ti ees yo A iaend Gaia 120 Fountain, the, “ Drumthwacket” ............ *222 Fountain, the, Alfred J. Nathan ............ *230 Fowls, the fattening of, in France, by Jacques OVE Tele rien: CeO Renee Rheselcseie eden i sia 323 Front, the entrance, Edward S. Grew ...... *282 Humicationcyantdemeerree rere rere eee ree es 75 Munnishineythevousemeere sates ener ceee eee es 30 Fiunnishinossmisced ieee ere rrr eee ee 386 Burniticestiesbiyineowoteer cesses tenes: 118 EAMETS WOK MEM Soo0c0000050000005 5505556 259 Furniture of our forefathers, the, by Francis Durand Nicholsmanaeee ae cee eee eer *246 Gaderbush;, Paul; Summit, N. J. .........:.. *16 Garden, autumn ‘work in the, by Ida D. Ben- = DISHED Sta Rc aac ea ao eeoRee noo Ge Goes 178 Garden, Harvard’s botanic, by Mary Caroline Chiuior dt een. ey ant met rae *184 Garden, how to lay out a wild wood, by Leila Nicci mare he. eh eee eee *243 Garden; the ..sc00.054 6. 44, 117, 190, 261, 333, 404 Garden, wane, (Co, Wiz BSNS" soecccoccsacogce- *84 Garden, fNewhousemeee, wet ke bce bo lone 257 Garden, the, month by month—July®........ 44 Garden, the, month by month—August...... 117 Garden, the, month by month—September.... 190 Garden, the, month by month—October....... 261 Garden, the, month by month—November.... 333 Garden, the, month by month—December..... 404 Gardentstheys)ianlesm Vee attire eae +152 Gardentithexschoolie ae eee ea eee 117 Garden front and terrace, Murry Guggen- Heir See eta) See ec oes *292 Gardensingold@ljapanmece cee eee oreo ee *220 Garden terrace, the, ‘““ Drumthwacket” ...... *227 Garfield, Prof. H. A., Princeton, N. J. ....:. *284 (CAS SwOVes, WN CA OH soounccanesanncucsen 47 Gas, the dangers of illuminating ............ 322 Gateway, the, “ Drumthwacket” ............ *22 Gateway, the, Murry Guggenheim .......... *302 Georgian houses ............ 2b 2246 631. *381 Ginna,, Daniel F.; Plainfield; N. J. .........- *215 Glass for building and paving .............. 09 Grew, Edward S., West Manchester, Mass...*380 Guggenheim, Murry, Hollywood, N. J. 2 8205 Half-timbered and stone house ............ *285 Half-timbered houses ........... *156, *240, *310 Falretimbenedmstabl Cmte ricer cen eee *163 Infell, tane, Ielkonial IBS soosooasocccueesescc *22 | Ilan tine, leychivenntal SS, (Giwey saocosuesccaossc- *282 Hall, the, Mitiiony GiwrexexaM Sv soscaceosscscc *206 elallleathes|Charlesmlamlivesmassespmiee sec aoe *26 Tela, Dike, Wore IDS Workin ooocsccouucosesuse *12 Hall, the, IievaeIS IB. WNCS asccosesencessace *235 Hall, the great, James W. Paul, Jr. ......... *I55 lelaill, Wine, olan 1k, Slaiserein So5ceccccgc0cc0G- *242 Hall, view looking through, Charles T. Ives.. *24 lelalhl anal Gianinege, IL, ILE MaloyVetnS ssgnccacasc *Q5 lanvandiss Dotanic wand eneeteen cher ceeierae *184 Heaters, radiators and specialties. .......... *63 JULY TO DECEMBER, 1905 ILLUSTRATION S=— Princeton, N. J. Spencer (A Scene in Spencer Trask, (A Gateway.) ILLUSTRATED IBIGRIIE? WK LEIS soduodaas accodacaneusssa- *258 “Heim Mere,” Louis L. Hopkins, Manches- TOTP AGS ceicepetreas Beale eke slovende em oc oaks *93 HELE PsawiaySut Owais sersisialsctelele cys Pelssete« seieceyotete 189 Help, ways to, the organization ............ IIQ Helps to home building. .30, 116, 173, 257, 318, 387 “ Hilhouse,” Floyd Ferris, Hartsdale, N. Y... *20 Elollander, I. Gs Wenham) Mass:2--.--.---.- *3I0 Home, science for the. .31, 115, 179, 258, 322, 403 IRiGrne, ne Gaal OH WS caooagaocoocesaccsecasc 303 Home of Mrs. B. P. Cheney at Peterboro, Nigel apeancoo daa acnan Cee aA *306 Home of John P. Cuyler at Princeton, N. J..*3 Home of Prof. H. A. Garfield, Princeton, Jndex to American Homes and Gardens—Continued Home of Daniel F. Ginna at Plainfield, N. J..*315 Home of Edward S. Grew, West Manchester, IWASS i epacrane avast eee, miatetece sore a tennye Wagens frarte afate *380 Home of T. C. Hollander at Wenham, Mass..*310 Ilome of Alfred J. Nathan at Elberon, N. J..*236 Home of Spencer Trask, Saratoga, N. Y....*369 Home of W. O. Underwood, Mz 1gnolia, IWS Soret oe erictov siete cite eParchnsrosniashew.ciees« F388 ELOMICMUCLEDN OMCs cis. cusetete xotassteqavevaroysscrevardtonsseners 408 Homes, notable American,’ by Barr Ferree GCRAVVEBB CLOT Or’ sje octes isc overina eA craters altrwie «ls *83 Homes, notable American, by Barr Ferree ie DD TLITTAEIN WA CKEL oe uy tere abc yaisieve axes tice reereuers) le b22 Homes, notable American, by Barr Ferree. Munya Guecenheim\ 2.5.5.0. cence net *205 Homes, notable American, by Barr Ferree. 12))pY=ray 1D), | Koh cla ke ba teceenencnaeh a mca eee ees renee Homes, notable American, by James Nii, JEONG Ut Sop opnedocanounaocer *155 Homes, notable American, by Charles de K Wiicitninorilne Nevalaley Ebooaaeeuooccn ae * 260 Hopkins, Louis L., Manchester, Mass....... *Q3 House, fifty suggestions for the...... 54, 128, 200, 266 louse. the: = Dirumthwacket’ 42. c5.ce.s240 Ne Me Ib. Ae at Princeton, at Woodmere, House House Tlouse of C. W. Bergner, Ambler, Pa. House of Mrs. Lucy B. Chandler, Chestnut BU; WMIRRES, Satbocess Samace ogee aroun non *88 House of S. S. Dennis at Morristown, N. J..*164 House of Charles F. Droste, Montclair, N. J.. *96 | of Aymar Embury, 2d, at Englewood, 16 Pe nea Miia Ones eee *167 of Sherman Evarts, Plainfield, N. J.. of Floyd Ferris, Hartsdale, N. Y.. House of Paul Gaderbush at Summit, N. ie *T6 House of Murry Guggenheim at Hollywood, IN| | Js: eb tei SEAS Te ene eee ines *205 House House House House of Louis L. Hopkins, Manchester, IIS Stam reece chess. oc, catasas. suche asistcicuetse wid che yeuerecat % House of J. H. Huddleston, Navesink High- Veta: INGO ea enh An Ss eee Ree ee *QO House of James Imbrie at Englewood, N. J.. 378 | POTUMIVEATIN Crane cra, oar ctcrapse sions vscuertleroaeeepsoereens es House of Charles T. Ives at Montclair, N. J.. House of Eben B. Jordan, West Manches- Ee TMS Sigs sechsncrsites ot aisccl sce stets athe eee comet *TT House of James W. Paul, Jr., at Radnor, ae ies c 2 irs ee eae ang a eae he *I55 House of Francis B. Rice at Westwood, INTEC.” eG date Oth Roop at oe meee eRe ons *234 House of Charles P. Searle at Swampscott, Wilais Sommer coe Arey Renn enrol aateepcist atc 1222 House of John R. Sherman at Port Henry, IN|. “SYGr SU nibHins CHO Ree ota a eee e *240 | House of Alfred Skitt, Yonkers, N. Y....... *9o | House of Evarts Tracy at Plainfield, N. J...*170 House of George H. Walker at Kennebunk- DOT VUAITLC MM crete cicte rossi seee cus are oet lens aiescreds C27 House of A. A. Whitman at Navesink High- Neral Sapp ese ccchen sxc ysaerc th rerseacac eancuene- son eeeegine *220 Blomediollal Geta sosscssocese so adooeeenEeee 188 | Household, the........ ASe On lCo250s1selesoor Huddleston, J. H., Navesink Highlands, N. J. *o99 Humidity within the NOMS Capertee fe potent 258 Imbries James, Hneglewood, N. Joi vs... *378 Ingle-nook, the, Prof. H. A. Garfield........ *386 | Imele=nooktethe James, Imbrie 2 i42-)....- 0. » *270 Italian villa, an, Floyd Ferris: :..2......:.2. *21 ives) Charles Gs, Montclair, Na Ja... 3.2. *24 | Jordan, Eben D.,; West Manchester, Mass.... *11 | “ Kingdor,” Paul Gaderbush, Summit, N. J.. *16 Kent remmatlie wesc cvsrcceete ofereecoy cheaters nether chnxe 47 Keitchenethempmzee ay seereceran loci etctectreiete ete 50 IGHChenetteMubiieny ast steerer at eee tetas cere *377 Lake from the terrace, Murry Guggenheim. .*293 av atOnieSmmOne=plece avert ei iret: 272 ILihoreaitayz, Joan Io Sjossaebn panocascooodoodde *242 Library, the, Mrs. B. P. Cheney Library, the, S. S. Dennis Library, the, “ Drumthwacket” Wibranya the edwandasmGrews sar ei tae: Libre tine Jens Wi, Teer Wie; caagqooonsco *158 ILikedsioavbayes imo {WO Ekbeboobsoodebononacaads 104 ILikwaiaves Gm WS IOS: 66446505000bdcnb00080b~ *173 Living-room, Aymar Embury, 2d ............ *167 Bivine—rOoms a) pebleatlird dlestonme sass ote *T00 Bivine-room, they Calta DROStem maa. trv. *98 Living-room, the, Daniel F. Ginna ........ *3215 Living-room, the, Murry Guggenheim ...... *207 | Pivine=rooms thes Na@ Hollander 225.2. 4-1 A271 Wivins-room®s the, James) Imbrie :--.--,--.- *370 Livine=-room, the; Charlesyay, Ives: ::.: J ..2- *26 | Living-room, the, W. O. Underwood ...... *300 Living-room, the, George H, Walker ........ *20 Living-room, the, A. A. Whitman .......... *2a7 Luther Burbank and plant breeding, by Enos BIO WOKS Acinh bale bie csc Sa eee *105 Machine; tloor surfacing’ ... nieces *137 Machine, pressed cement brick ..............- 134 Machine swood-workine «1. «aseenieie *130 Man as a housekeeper, the ................- 331 Mansion, the, Spencer Trask .............. EAT. Mantelpiece, Alfred Ji; Nathanweceeeeeere *238 | Mantels and grilles to beautify the home.... 138 Marble steps, Spencer Trask ...............- +27 Marble water nymph, Spencer Trask ....... *376 Materials for fire extinguishing, the......... 66 INDESOYN INOUIES Snhgdsoospounnso0oKsdos *170, *232 Missions in Texas and Arizona, Spanish Ae oreo) “Monastery,” the, Swampscott, Mass. eeress Monthly comment ...... 10, 82, 154, 222, 204, 368 Morel, the cultivation of the, by Jacques BOVE hit crc trheron fe-ove ab orersen io Tene eC 330 Morning-room, the, James W. Pal ine er 0So) Miusiciiplantspandie erin staeer eer cet ieee 34 Music-room, the, T. C. Hollander .......... *3213 Nathan, Alired J., Elberon, N. J. ......0... *236 “Needles, the,” Mrs. B. P. Cheney, Peterboro, INO ha chet ae cone Te ee ee * 308 News DOOKS! saeietsiic ttre ce 56, 130, 200, 267, 340, 412 Notable American homes, by Barr Ferrce. CAWereberoner: oi... eeed ee eee *83 Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree Db rumthwacket; 48-2 ween ete eee *223 Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree. MurryaGuecenheimen. acieme eee *205, Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree. Eben: Jordans asnence silts cote eee eee a Notable American homes, by Barr Ferree. VamesmWirekals Jie ateeieee Re cee *T55 Notable American homes, by Charles de K. Wentworth: 9 Vaddows ine. ctiese nee *3260 Note-book, the Observer’s..120, 190, 262, 334, 406 Niursery,sthesin, Americas. ssc) ses oa cee 108 PATUMONS scelluinosean cient erent ane ees Patents, new building...68, 141, 211, 283, 355, 422 IPehaill Iehautersy Nien Mies IReicbavoye, lela ayo owes o- *T55 Rersolamithess lenGs Flolllandenaece. secre *202 Pergola, the, Spencer Trask .-........ *374, 375 Piazza, the, George H. Walker ..:......... *20 Pip essecast sino as tear recente eee eee 130 Plant breeding, Luther Burbank and, by Enos BiCO Wille ee eect eee er eee ‘IOS Rlantsfandtmiusic peace nearest 34 leAhuboulloybp¥es (Ohel Wale: sighted, noanowAesanveeen onaoe 179 Political@aspect mth epee sete seers 46 Pompeian table and sun dial, Spencer Trask. .*367 Pool and water garden, an upper, Spencer Mer als enn wn aig acon ene eee ee O378 Pool in the garden, the, James W. Paul, Jr...*162 PorchG. WeeBeronene.:cin crc ep eee *87 Rorchythe: ehloydeherniss. see eee *20 Rorchthew Gs bollander sere eeerier *212 Porch the, -AyvA\Wihitiman= 24. c eee *231 Porch near bene) Jordanian *Q Porch) thes tront, HaeA™ Gartield nae ee *384 Porch, the terrace, Murry Guggenheim ...... *205 Porte-cochére and entrance porch, Alfred SS Kel te enter lee ccus ons ara ts ee RE ea *90 Rowden toilet oiyraycae nt pcveae ne ee ete 63 Principles of home decoration, by Joy Wheeler Dow *35, *1I0, *253, *303 Private work for the public good 405 Rublicysport cat. mecc hue ne he Oe ee eee 405 Publishers’ department. .509, 134, 204, 270, 348, 416 Radiators and specialties, heater ............ *63 | Rain water, storage and purification ........ 12 Ranch, a southern California, by Charles F. Lol d erin ena vaccine soh oe cee Geee ian epee *240 Reception-room, the, James W. Paul, Jr.....*161 Refrigerating apparatus for apartment houses 47 Rice, Francis B., Westwood, Mass.......... *234 Road, the main, Spencer Wraske aire seen es *276 Roadmmprovementame aceon ae 332 Rock gardenya, Spencer Trask 4.25. as *276 “Rock Ledge,” George H. Walker, Kenne- Dunkpoctye Viainewaarre serene eeer ere 27, Roombathe sincdividualmeprrenticn teeter een 118 Rose, a little friend of the, by S. Frank Aaron *180 Salton, the sea of, by Charles F. Holder..... *307 Sand box, the, by Ida D. Bennett ........... 300 Sanitary improvements of the home, by George Ethelbert Walsh’... as.--o0 ee 50 Sanitation ~swintern oy eet set ee 403 Science for the home.. 33, LES; 170; 2500 4220408 Sea of Salton, the, by Charles F. Holder... .*397 Searle, Charles P., Swampscott, Mass...... *232 | Seat, a marble, Alfred JaNathantee eee eee *238 Senviceusyndicatedsen. ehh ere etrnre 45 Sherman, John R., Port Henry, N. Y......... *240 Shingle houses ...-....05 *19, *28, *89, *172, *230 Shingles, metal: ....:...22:50.. cope eee 270 Shock absorber for automobiles, a .......... 210 Silica graphite: paint 9... 21.) eee eee 208 okitt, Alfred; Yonkers, Ny Wee eeeeeee *90 Small house ....... 2s... ane *8Q Smoking-room, the, James W. Paul, Jr.. .*157 Spanish missions in Texas and Arizona, by Charles F Holder -5)-.. eee eee *40 Sport, ‘public, s.).40y.00ccee eee 405 Stable, ees Skit. t50saetne Ms hace eee *92 Stable, the, Edward S! Grew enon see eee *381 Stable, the house, James W. Paul, Jr. ...... *163 Staircase, the, S. S. Dennis... 104. seen *164 Staircase, the, Aymar Embury, 2d.......... *169 Staircase, the, Paul Gaderbush ............. *16 Staircase, the; Eben D> Jordanireee. seen *I4 Staircase and reception-hall, the, Mrs. B. P. Cheney © oc eccenche eee) epee eee *308 Staircase, hall and, L. lL. Hopkins) sss. eee *95 Stair hall, the, Daniel F. Ginna .2-s,s0sene *316 Stair hall, the, T. C. Hollander {)55-.eeeeeee 314 Statuary, ’ American garden, by Harry Dillon JONES) ieee cee wns wees eee ee #32 Steps in the garden, the, “ Drumthwacket”..*221 Stone fireplace, James Imbrie ........90eee *370 Stone house, a half-timbered ........2-.eeee *385 Stone houses ...%.02. 002+ 16. 2 See *B4 Stone tower and the bridge, the, “Glenn Elsinore?) ios ce eacedee nse ete ee *366 Stove, a fireless) .2).cs.c.0000.08sarie ere eee 48 Stoves, the, care of gas) 1.0... een eeeeeeeee 47 Stucco and shingle house .). 52.1.5 -5 cee *O4 Stucco houses ...*21, *25, *91, *170, *232, *237 *305, *380, 3389 Studio, a... chwiai.. os -cnsiete eee *305 Suburban developments —.........5.4)-- epee 120 Suburban house, a successful small .......... *167 Summer houses rey Fo ct 6 *28, *Q4, *237, 7380 Sun dial, the, “ Drumthwacket™ .. 0.28, *220 Sun dial and seat, the, Alfred J. Nathan... .*239 Swiss chalet, a, Paul Gaderbush ........... #7 Syndicated service 2 5..4.4940 eee eee 45 Tank, roof and tower water =. .se eee eee 350 Terrace overlooking the garden, Murry Gug- genheim’ 5 22n. daha oe secre ree 300 Terrace, the, Eben!D: Jordan .-2..... eeeee *IT Terrace, the east, James) W. Rauliejineeeeee *153 Terrace front, the, T. C. Hollander .) 22250 *213 Terrace, front, the, James W. Paul, Jr.-eee *155 Terrace, the south, James W. Paul, Jr........ *162 Terrace, the upper, “ Drumthwacket”....... “7 ye) Terrace steps, the, C. F: Droste se. eee *96 “The Rocks,’ Eben D. Jordan, West Man- chester; Mass: {2..).. c.oneeeee neo YT Tile, sheet metal.........5.0 ecu eee eee 280 Tile, Spanish metal’ ~o.4..4-6 -eaeeeeeeeee 136 Toilét powder 2...c.c..24 nos ne eee eee 63 Tracy, “Evarts, Plainfield) Nj. 22a eee *170 Training of cavalry officers in France, by D: A. - Willey) vc¢..:temeteee One *182 Transplanting of growing trees, the, by Charles’ Day (Airc acerca eee *310 Trask, Spencer; Saratovay Ne Yo “ee esee eee *369 Trees, transplanting of growing, by Charles Day! isc 5s scree rstaaretereeta ls oldie pate tee nanaae 319 Underwood, W. O., Magnolia, Mass........ *388 Valueless suburban place was converted into a productive estate, how a, by S. L. de Fabry: i. ocieant octes0 0 Ree eee *176 Ventilation for the house ..............-...«- 115 Veranda, the, W. O. Underwood ........... *388 Walk, a sequested, Spencer Trask ........... *272 Walker, George H., Kennebunkport, Maine.. *27 Walls, artistic metal ceilings and ............ *208 Water ‘notes . ....0-0sond aoe eeae eee one 129 Ways to help: the individual .............-. 49 Whitman, A. A., Navesink Highlands, N. J..*230 Wild wood garden, how to lay out a, by Leila, Mechlin 5.2.2 0...2. 00 er oe eeoeee *243 “ Windemere,” W. O. Underwood, Magnolia, Mass. as.ccos s:d:0 0 si aeens 6 ho ae eee #388 Window: garden; the sce...) 333 Winter sanitation’ as csace o-ceieeee tee eae 403 Winter work © 25). 00.500 «520086 ) eet 404 Withdrawing-room, ithe) a... ener *201 Wistaria arbors, Tokyo, Japan, flower lovers lunching: inden eeees eee eee *8 Wood-working machinery ...............-- 138 “ Woodcrest,’ James W. Paul, Jr., Radnor, | 5): PPM Abii cine Apioc SoeccooLpe nce 155 Work for the public good, private ........... 405 “Vaddo,” Spencer Trask, Saratoga, N. Y...*369 Sample and Circular Free. Mineral Wool as shown in these sections, is Warm in Winter, Cool in Summer, and is thoroughly DEAFENED. The lining is vermin-proof; neither rats, mice, nor insects can make their way through or live in it. MINERAL WOOL checks the spread of fire and keeps out dampness. Correspondence Solicited. U. S. Mineral Wool Co. 139 Liberty St., NEW YORK CITY. VERTICAL BEOTION, CEOSS-SECTION THROUGH FLOOR, INTERLOCI KING | PODER TILING | Made in One Ouality Only—The Best ¢ court rooms, vestibules, halls, billiard rooms, cafes, libraries, churches, hospitals ze hotels. It 1s specially adapted for steamships, yachts, etc., stand ing, without cracking or separating, the straining and rack- ing of the ship. Each tile is interchangeable and distinct, but shaped so as to lock y into the surrounding | tiles. The interlocking feature produces a solid rubber floor, unlimited in size or shape, with all the durability of the hard tile, without its liability to damage. i Manufactured under our patent and sold only by us and our authorized agents. BEWARE OF INFRINGERS. Estimates, designs and samples rnished on application. Send for special catalogue. OISELESS. non-slippery, sanitary and extraordinarily durable. ~ The finest floor that can be laid in business offices, banking rooms, Patented and Manufactured Solely by New York Belting & Packing Co. 91-93 Chambers St.. New York City [Led. PHILADELPHIA, 724 Chestnut Street Branches ST.LOUIS . 218 Chestaut Street CHICAGO . . 150 Lake Street ~ | BALTIMORE . 114 W. Baltimore St. SAN FRANCISCO ~ 605 Mission Street BOSTON 232 Summer Street INDIANAPOLIS 2298S Meridian Street BUFFALO 600 Prudential Building PITTSBURG. 528 Park Building LONDON, ENGLAND Arthur L. Gibson & Co., 19-21 Tower Street, Upper St. Martin's Lane, W. C. 5 ) : 752 WEST LAKE STREET, LOUIS F. GUNTHER Manufacturer of the highest grade of “ART GRILLE WORK” #,2!!Domestic and CARVING IN FIGURES A SPECIALTY Send for Designs and Price List CHICAGO, ILL. The yee Window anions Lock A Safe- aia for entilating Rooms. } A Lock ) (a quickly HN applied and Wee! es opera = ———= y Affording see , Protection against Intruders. Children kept in. Burglars kept out. Write for Descrip- tive Circular Tue H.B. IVES C0, New Haven, Conn., U.S.A, hin = or SSS 1 Saas = 253s =< Carpets do not meet the requirements of the modern house. PARQUETRY FLOORING is now holding their place. This is everlasting, inexpen- sive, and most pleasing in effect . Write for Pattern Catalogue and Price List The Interior Hardwood Co. MANUFACTURERS tNOIANAPOLIS, ({ND. = Going toBuild? 7 ‘ ouR CATALOGUE “28 WITH PLANS ' AND PLATES TELLS YOUALL ABOUT IT, 800 PAGES, 6000 DESIG SEND 20¢ FREE ror postace Tie FosteR MUNGER (.cuscauss chucaco _ HARDWOODVENEERED DOORS, OI “Witte \ I! ~~ EAT YOUR HOUSE WITH HOT WATER by the Andrews System, designed for your building by engineers who have had eighteen years’ experi- ence in all kinds of heating in the cold Northwest. The Andrews System is manufactureied from the best material throughout, sold direct from the factory to the user and guaranteed !o heat your building satisfactorily or money refunded. It is sold on 360 days’ trial free. Send for our catalogue, '' Home Heating." a Do not buy a heating plant until you investigate the Andrews System. THE ANDREWS STEEL BOILER is manufactured from 60,000 lbs. tensile strength flange steel; it has no cast iron sections ; cannot crack or break ; needs no repairs and is always ready for use. It is stronger than cast iron and will last as long as your building. The soot can be easily removed ; it has a big fire-pot and more than twice as much heating surface as any cast iron boiler for the same size grate, and it will use from one-third to one-half less fuel in heating your house than other styles. REGURGITATING SAFETY VALVE and Group System of piping allow heating the radiators as hot as in a steam plant, and make | 00 feet of radiation with the Andrews do the work of 150 feet with others. The Andrews Hot-Water System heats up almost as quickly as steam. ERECT YOUR OWN PLANT. The Andrews System is shipped with the pipe cut to fit, and all directions and plans for setting up so that any handy man can erect the plant as well as experienced steam-fitters. | We cut all the pipe in our factory and send plans showing where every piece goes, with full directions, so that you cannot make a mistake. The work of erection consists simply in boring the holes in the floor and ceiling and screwing the pipe together. Many of our customers do this work themselves, or superintend it, saving from 25 to 50 per cent. on local prices. Don’t say you cannot do it, or have not time for it, until _you find out something about it. There is no reason for paying the plumbers’ excessive charges for this kind of work. All this is described fully in our catalogue, "Home Heating." Send for it and read it carefully. The Andrews System is sold on 360 days’ free trial. See our special offer. WE DO IT RIGHT IN 44 STATES, CANADA AND ALASKA. The Andrews System is used for heating all kinds of buildings: It has been tried under all sorts of conditions and proved an unqualified success. Send for names of our customers in your vicinity. Go and examine their plants. They will make greater claims for the Andrews System than we do. FACTORY TO USER. We are the only manufacturers who design, sell and guarantee the plant complete. Others make boilers alone, or radiators alone, or have a system of circulation, but we furnish the whole plant, guarantee the whole plant and sell direct from Factory to User. We give you the commissions which others pay to local dealers and traveling salesmen. FREE ESTIMATES. Send your architect's plans, or a rough sketch of the building, showing size and number of rooms, windows, doors and heights of ceiling, stating construction, and we will send you an exact estimate of cost for the Andrews System, including all matenal, pipe cut to fit, with full plans and directions so that any handy man or mechanic can erect the plant. Send for our catalogue, ' Home Heating," and see just what information is necessary. FREE CATALOGUE. Send the names of people who are in the market for heating plants and we will send you, free of charge, our catalogue, ' Home Heating," describing and showing why the Andrews System is used in 44 States, Canada and Alaska; also explaining fully the principles of hot-water heating and telling how our plants are erected. Don’t buy a heating plart until you have read this catalogue and fully investigated the merits of the Andrews System. PLANT READY TO SHIP. All material is packed, marked and tagged ready for shipment direct from factory to user. The valves, fittings, bronze, brushes, expansion tank and all miscellaneous items needed to complete the plant are securely boxed and marked. - “Lhe boiler and _ radiators are tagged and the pipe is securely tied in bundles and the whole plant shipped in such” shape as to insure complete delivery. We will prepay the freight, relieving you of all responsibility, and ship the radiation, 70 per cent. of the weight, from the distributing point nearest you, equalizing the freight rates so that you pay no more freight than your local dealer. 360 DAYS’ TRIAL FREE. If you want the highest grade, mcst practical, most efficient and latest improved hot-water heating system at the lowest factory to user price, send us your plans for our full estimate. The Andrews System is sold on 360 days’ trial free. If at the end of that time it does not heat your building perfectly,or is unsatisfactory in anv way, CSIs you can return it to us and we will refund your money and pay the return freight. MINNEAPOLIS—325 Hennepin Avenue CHICAGO—128 La Salle Street J { 155 7576 wi